text:
Earning sentence example
Connie immediately assured her that the Giddon's wouldn't be shelling out the money if they didn't think she was earning it.
I had no part in earning it.
She answered as Martha giggled, earning a stern look.
He just smiled and waved, with his efforts earning a blank stare from the redhead.
By the Federal Act, passed in the session of 1908, a pension of ten shillings a week was granted to persons of either sex over sixty-five years of age, or to persons over sixty who are incapacitated from earning a living.
During the three years he held this position he carried out researches on the contact of elastic solids, hardness, evaporation and the electric discharge in gases, the last earning him the special commendation of Helmholtz.
In his seventieth year, as lieutenant-general of the North, he led the English host on the great day of Flodden, earning a patent of the dukedom of Norfolk, dated 1 February 1513/4, and that strange patent which granted to him and his heirs that they should bear in the midst of the silver bend of their Howard shield a demi-lion stricken in the mouth with an arrow, in the right colours of the arms of the king of Scotland.
After the death of her father in 1767 she obtained permission to learn millinery and dressmaking with a view to earning her bread, but continued to assist her mother in the management of the household until the autumn of 1772, when she joined her brother William, who had established himself as a teacher of music at Bath.
An ample inherited fortune permitted him to pursue his studies undistracted by the necessity for earning a livelihood, and to maximize the results of his time and labour by the employment of amanuenses and secretaries.
These simple business principles do not seem to be generally recognized by the investing public, and mines, whose earning capacity is accurately known, are frequently quoted on the stock markets at prices which cannot possibly yield enough to the purchaser to repay his investment during the probable life of the mine.
For the next six years he lived in St Louis, Missouri, earning a scanty subsistence by farming and dealings in real estate.
At that time his earning capacity seems not to have exceeded $boo a year, and he was regarded by his friends as a broken and disappointed man.
As a fortress, Metz has always been of the highest importance, and throughout history down to 1870 it had never succumbed to an enemy, thus earning for itself the name of La pucelle.
He entered the army in 1856, and served in Algeria, Italy, Cochin-China and the Franco-German War, earning the reputation of being a smart soldier.
In 1553 he was also made chaplain to Edward VI., and became one of the most popular preachers in the kingdom, earning high praise from John Knox.
Failing to obtain currency for his radical'propaganda, he retired to his native province, and there established a school (the Risshi-sha) for teaching the principles of government by the people, thus earning for himself the epithet of "the Rousseau of Japan."
This divergence is partly explained by the difference of soil - which in Drente comprises the maximum of waste lands, and in South Holland the minimum - and partly also by the greater facilities which the seaward provinces enjoy of earning a subsistence, and the greater variety of their industries.
It is only by a wide extension of the term "working man," for instance, that a class which includes a steady mechanic earning 30s.
He was high in favour with Sultan Abd-ul-Aziz and fell much under the influence of General Ignatiev, the forceful Russian ambassador before the war of 1877-78, his subserviency to Russia earning for him the nickname of "Mahmudoff."
The impecunious were locked up and deprived of all hope of earning means to obtain enlargement; while their families and persons dependent on them shared their imprisonment and added to the overcrowding.
As a matter of fact the diminution in crime was traceable to general causes, such as a general exodus by emigration, the introduction of a poor law and an increase in the facilities for earning an honest livelihood.
Soon he was back in Switzerland, and by 1606 in Frankfort, earning his living by preparing and correcting books for the press.
In 1880 a laborer earning 25 krans, or LI sterling a month, could afford to keep a family; by 1908, in krans, he earned double what he did in 1880, but his wage, expressed in sterling, was the same, and wherever the prices of food have risen more than his wages he could not afford to keep a family.
His controversial ardour was, indeed, somewhat damped by Luther's refusal to answer his arguments, and with a view to earning fresh laurels he turned his attention to Switzerland and the Zwinglians.
In1722-1723he was for eight months stated supply of a small Presbyterian church in New York city, which invited him to remain, but he declined the call, spent two months in study at home, and then in1724-1726was one of the two tutors at Yale, earning for himself the name of a " pillar tutor " by his steadfast loyalty to the college and its orthodox teaching at the time when Yale's rector (Cutler) and one of her tutors had gone over to the Episcopal Church.
Russians of the Lipovan sect live in exile in Bucharest and other cities, earning a livelihood as cab-drivers, and wearing the long coats and round caps of their countrymen.
He came of a musical family, and was himself a talented amateur, and an acquaintance with Balakirev and Dargomijsky led him to more serious study of composition, so that in 1857 he left the army and devoted himself to music, though this step entailed his earning his living as a government clerk and a prolonged period of poverty.
He was elected to Congress in 1852, where, first as a Whig and afterwards as a Republican, he represented his district continuously until 1869, taking a prominent part in debate, and earning the name "watch-dog of the Treasury" by his consistent and vigorous opposition to extravagant and unwise appropriations.
Though there are practically no exports and imports, there is a certain amount of inland commerce, the Brunei Malay usually earning a living by trading with the interior tribes of Sarawak and British North Borneo.
His uncle, Don Serafin Estebanez Calderon, found him a situation as clerk in the Madrid-Aranjuez railway, but Canovas soon took to journalism and literature, earning enough to support himself and pay for his law studies at the Madrid University.
Thence he went to Berlin, earning a livelihood there, as in Heidelberg, by giving private lessons.
Thus was created a major climbing facility and, in the process, an additional invitation for winter tourists, earning the small town a reputation as a growing Mecca for this exciting and perilous sport.
The clerk guarding the entrance recognized her and let her in, earning her the resentful looks of quite a few women.
Her earning potential is higher in a private home, around $60,000.
By 1920, Chaplin was earning $ 10,000 dollars per week, which in those days was an absolutely astronomical amount.
In continental Europe this reflects the fact that post war baby boomers are now at their peak earning and savings years.
In return offering a £ 30k basic with excellent earning potentials, company car, mobile and opportunities for career development.
Within five years of leaving college women students can expect to be earning 15% less than their male counterparts.
Despite a blustery crosswind a fantastic display was flown, earning the Team a round of applause from the crowd.
These produce social and financial problems, which include reduced earning capacity, family disharmony and isolation.
They are unscrupulous salespeople earning fat commissions selling dud " investments " .
Sometimes they are junior hospital doctors (now reasonably paid) but nevertheless earning extra by working in their off duty time.
I point out that I am doing it as a public service, and earning nothing from it, but they remain intransigent.
I don't know anybody in television who's earning megabucks.
Was this the sound of carol singers, out earning a sov in the deep midwinter?
Most 21 year olds are already earning at or above the level of the full minimum wage.
Hard floor wand More and more carpet cleaners are earning extra money by offering hard floor cleaning.
People earning a pittance will take years just to save this small amount.
For the student, however, earning a salary instead of living off a grant is riches indeed.
Farida (right) worked in a garment factory in Dhaka as a machine operator earning 2,700 taka (£ 22) per month.
You will learn valuable skills for the trade of your choice whilst earning a wage.
A man of fearless honesty, quick and catholic sympathies, broad culture, and many friends in intellectual and religious circles, he became one of the most influential journalists of the day, his fine character and conscience earning universal respect and confidence.
The act further provides that if any one for the purpose of earning interest, commission, reward or other profit sends or causes to be sent to a person whom he knows to be an infant any circular or other document which invites the person receiving it to borrow money or to apply to any person or at any place with a view to obtaining information or advice as to borrowing money, he shall be liable, if convicted on indictment, to imprisonment with or without hard labour, or to a fine, or to both imprisonment and fine.
Instead of earning money, members of the collectives earned work points (which, of course, everyone prefers to money).
This spending of the best part of one's life earning money in order to enjoy a questionable liberty during the least valuable part of it reminds me of the Englishman who went to India to make a fortune first, in order that he might return to England and live the life of a poet.
The yard full of cattle, the women at home, two brothers away earning wages, and only Michael the youngest, at home.
The third and final game was a quick 11-1 win by Jenson, earning the awesome Aussie a berth in quarterfinal play.
Both Tilbury and Dave Carroll remonstrated with the referee earning Carroll a yellow card.
Loans will only have to be repaid when the graduate is earning above a set level.
Before the tsunami we were earning 100 rupees per day.
Arrange for an occasional sermon (series) on how Christians should use their money -- earning, spending, saving and sharing.
And with youngster Theo Walcott currently earning rave reviews on the south coast, Best 's future has been thrown further into doubt.
In return, we will offer you constant support, extensive training, a fun environment and uncapped earning potential.
After earning his degree, my brother has been so pretentious towards his old friends.
The algorithm-based content aggregator made its profit by earning advertising dollars from articles other sites had published.
To offset the anemic wage growth in my day job, I've started earning extra money cleaning houses on the weekends.
When people told my mom that earning her engineering degree was an insurmountable feat, she was even more determined to succeed.
There are even special VIP clubs for those who are interested in earning special benefits when they shop at the outlet malls.
In many cases, you earn one point for every dollar you charge, but incentive earning structures vary by issuer.
Depending on how much you charge, points can add up quickly, earning you a free trip.
In theory, this lets you pay off your purchases without earning any interest, allowing you to pay down your balance easily.
In theory, you can sign up with their company, view your FICO, and cancel your service before getting billed, therefore earning yourself a free FICO score.
Some cards offer straight cash back on all purchases, while others offer a tiered earning plan based on the total amount of the cardholder's purchases.
Cardholders who regularly frequent those businesses would benefit from a more specialized card, but consumers who don't normally shop with the card's partner merchants may not be able to take advantage of the card's full earning potential.
Consolidate accounts with a spouse to ensure you earn the maximum amount of rewards and progress to higher earning tiers more quickly.
For example, rebate cards or cards earning points to exchange for gifts will usually have higher fees than non-rebate cards.
This included programs that allowed for point earning which could be used for services such as travel (without blackout dates), cash back or the purchase of various products.
The USAA American Express card gives you two options for earning rewards points.
The advantages of earning points towards purchases are as follows.
The advantages of earning points towards cash are as follows.
This is another rewards program but is structured a bit differently with individuals earning points.
Account holders spending this much can also increase their everyday earning potential from one percent to five percent.
The Court awards alimony after considering the spouses' financial situation, earning capacity, income, and the circumstances of the marriage.
Therefore, the requesting spouse must have less earning capacity than his/her spouse for consideration for spousal support.
Each person's earning capacity is another factor that judges look at before making an order for spousal maintenance.
In a situation where there is a large discrepancy between the earning capacity of the two spouses, they may wish to work out an arrangement where one person will pay spousal support to the other and ask a judge to approve the arrangement.
Spousal support is not dependent upon there being children in the family, as spousal support is solely designed to financially assist the member of the dissolving marriage who may not have the same earning power as the other member.
Depending on the guidelines of the state, spousal support amounts might increase or decrease based on the ability of the partner to pay and the self-sufficiency of the other partner when it comes to earning money.
Prove that the requesting spouse supported the other spouse through school or other form of professional development, resulting in a higher earning potential for the spouse who would have to pay support.
When deciding whether to grant alimony, judges consider the alimony requirements in their area as well as both spouses' present and future earning abilities, length of marriage, health, age and overall conduct.
In setting the amount, the court will consider the spouses' living conditions during the marriage, ages, mental and physical capacity at the time of the divorce and their future earning capacity.
It also allows them to practice their trade, while earning a fair wage.
If you have an eye for design and want to break into the field, earning an degree online can be the perfect fit for your busy lifestyle.
By earning your degree online, you can move towards your desired career without shirking your current commitments.
In addition to perhaps earning a small pay while honing your craft, you may also find the hobby rewarding if you have small children at home.
Bratz Diamonz Glam - Beat the clock to get the diamonds by matching jewels and earning points.
Your best photos are facing stiff competition, so it's important to be realistic about your earning potential.
If you're interested in earning money from your digital scrapbooking skills, there are many different services you could offer.
Scrapbookers who are more interested in having access to the most current supplies than earning cold hard cash may be interested in trying to find work on a scrapbook design team.
You'll be able to save for the new car you want, put some money away for college, or socialize more often once you start earning a paycheck.
Don't spend another summer working a job that you hate, when you can be earning cash doing something you really enjoy!
Earning a letter jacket requires a lot of work from the athlete, and letter jackets are prized among many high school students.
Earning a varsity jacket is important to many high school students, and sometimes college students, and wearing one is a great way to show that you are dedicated to your school or to your team.
Earning a scholarship for a private high school is much like earning a scholarship for a college, though it is probably easier, since there is less competition.
Born in 1956, Thomas Jeffrey Hanks went from dressing in drag on the sitcom Bosom Buddies to earning five Academy Award nominations and two of the actual awards.
In 1999, Swank took on the role of Brandon Teena in Boys Don't Cry, earning her an Academy Award and making her a much sought-after actress.
The label was later sold to Coca-Cola earning the rapper $100 million after taxes.
The Writing's on the Wall was an even bigger commercial success than the first album, topping charts in the US, UK, and Canada, and earning the group two Grammy Awards.
He finally ended up earning the award for his comment during Katie Holmes' pregnancy, "I've got Katie tucked away so no one will get to us until my child is born."
She surpassed Julia Roberts as Hollywood's highest paid actress by earning $29 million for The Reckoning.
The film debuted at number one, earning $26.4 million (averaging $31,600 per theater at 837 theaters).
While earning small roles in television and film, Jack Black was also building a cult following with his appearances on HBO's sketch comedy show, Mr. Show with Bob and David.
Earning top honors for 2006 are pals Paris Hilton and Britney Spears, described by Mr. Blackwell as "two peas in an overexposed pod."
She also appeared in the 1999 television movie The Soul Collector, earning her a Best Performance Young Artist Award.
The former backup dancer and wannabe rapper was often ridiculed, overshadowed by the success and earning potential of his wife.
The song went to number one on the Billboard Hot 100, earning Ludacris his biggest hit.
Carell shined as the dim-witted Brick Tamland, delivering some of the silliest lines and earning big laughs.
Vertical skateboarding took a backseat to the popularity of street skating, and now his wife, a manicurist, was responsible for earning the family income.
Over the years, Hawk has competed in a variety of skating contests, earning top placements.
At the time, Banks was more interested in earning money for college than becoming a fashion model.
He started acting as a young pre-teen, and by 1998, he was earning roles in major films.
While The Apprentice still earns respectable ratings, the show has seen a sharp drop in viewers, with the current season earning the lowest numbers yet.
His debut rap album, The College Dropout, was released in 2004, earning him a number of awards, including a Grammy award for Best Rap album, setting the stage for a string of hit albums to follow.
They've got fame and fortune, but actors, singers and musicians are also earning extra money as celebrity fashion designers.
Oprah, who climbed to success as host (and supervising producer) of The Oprah Winfrey Show, takes the top spot, earning $260 million each year.
Before the release of The Princess Diaries 2, she appeared in Nicholas Nickleby (2002), earning her a National Board of Review Award.
She was earning millions not only from her music career but also from her various endorsement deals.
At the age of 21, Matthew McConaughey was well on his way to earning a law degree when he picked up the best-selling book, The Greatest Salesman in the World by author Og Mandino.
Equally as important to earning his degree, while attending film school he met casting director Don Phillips, who would introduce him to Dazed and Confused director Richard Linklater.
Now, at the age of 33, Barrymore owns a successful production company called Flower Productions and is a well-respected actress, earning an estimated $15 million per film.
Biel did well, earning a scholarship to the prestigious Young Actor's Space school.
Her 1993 debut album, Tuesday Night Music Club, was a success, earning her several Grammy awards including Record of the Year.
With all of these hits under her belt, Roberts is one of the highest earning and most influential actresses in Hollywood.
Both Audrina and Heidi have jobs, so it can be pretty safe to say that they will continue earning a paycheck like the rest of us, you know, by working.
What will they do when they aren't earning ridiculous amounts of money for chatting over mundane subjects while sipping on their Pink Berry smoothies?
Both actors were demanding and earning incredible salaries for their movies, and were extremely influential in Tinseltown.In 2001, just after their tenth anniversary, Cruise filed for divorce, citing irreconcilable differences.
While she may not spend as much time earning acclaim for big screen roles, Ali MacGraw has tirelessly devoted her time and energy to causes that are close to her heart.
She grew up on a chicken farm, earning good grades in school and drawing attention with her good looks and winning smile.
Modern Family has been extremely popular on ABC, earning an Emmy for Outstanding Comedy Series, one for the writing team, and another for Eric Stonestreet (Cameron Tucker).
Forbes has the top-earning film actress, Sandra Bullock, earning less than the top-earning film actor, Johnny Depp, but only by a slim margin.
However, those who are the most beautiful certainly stand a chance of winning multiple Academy Awards or earning the most money.
Earning a whopping $40 million, Murphy is still a bankable name, especially with his supporting actor-nominated role in Dreamgirls.
Two of them were commercial successes, with one earning her a Best Actress Academy Award.
Halle Berry - She was the first African-American woman to win a Best Actress Academy Award, earning it for her role in Monster's Ball in 2002.
Earning a whopping $40 million for each installment, Murphy is still a bankable name, especially with his supporting actor-nominated role in Dreamgirls.
She is an Academy Award winner, earning the gold statue for her role in the movie Children of a Lesser God in 1986.
According to USA Today, by 2010 Sheen was the highest paid comedy actor on television earning nearly two million dollars per episode.
If you're currently employed and not planning to leave the company after earning your degree, it's a good idea to speak with your supervisor about the value of an online degree.
Like the bachelor's degree, students earning a master's degree can receive a Master of Arts or a Master of Science.
If you work at a business that's filled with other college students, you might make some new friends in the process of earning your paycheck.
The most obvious benefit of a college degree is increased earning power.
Generally, the cost of earning your degree online should be fairly comparable to attending a similar brick and mortar university.
The jobs are flexible and allow students to pursue their degrees while earning money to offset the cost of their educations.
In fact, there is a correlation between average lifetime earnings and level of education, with people who hold higher degrees earning more.
One of the first places you should go if you are interested in earning money for college is your school's financial aid office.
If you're changing careers, earning a new degree can give you the skills and background you need to land a job as quickly as possible after graduation.
South Seattle is one of the few institutions that allow students to receive a bachelor's degree on campus after earning an associates degree.
Earning an advanced degree in Business Administration can help to open many doors for you professionally and can be used in many different ways in the professional arena.
The best thing about earning this type of degree from Clemson University is the convenience of completing all the coursework in the comfort of your home.
When selecting an online university from which to obtain your Master of Business Administration, it is very important that you select a school that has certain criteria in order to make earning your degree most beneficial for you.
Because this is a graduate-level degree, you will be required to have a bachelor's degree already, preferably in a finance-related field, as a financial background will be helpful when earning this type of advanced degree.
It can be easy to find online degree programs that will help you become educated and advance towards earning a degree without leaving home, using your computer.
If not, you should seek out programs that offer a bachelor's degree paired with certification or start from scratch with earning a four-year degree at an on-site school.
Earning a distance learning reading and literacy degree can be a great asset to potential primary-school teachers, ESL instructors, tutors, homeschooling parents and others.
Earning a degree has a myriad of benefits, including better job prospects, more networking contacts, and the possibility of a higher pay scale, but it also has drawbacks.
Such books enhance the curriculum content of the library science program and also prepare students for the duties of potential jobs they may be able to get after earning their degrees.
Earning a distance learning university degree is a goal for hundreds of potential students who aren't able to attend college classes in person.
You could also consider earning an online degree from a program outside of the United States!
The colleges and universities make more money, while people struggling to find employment because of lack of credentials can get ahead by earning a new degree.
There is also a third program which is in place to help those serving in the military work on earning degrees despite the obstacles of being in different areas of the world and on different assignments.
The advantages students have in completing these programs is that they can be able to juggle learning, earning a degree, work, and family because of the flexibility these courses offer.
Although financial aid, work-study programs and other sources of funds can help students offset the cost of earning a degree, it would be unwise for anyone to leave cost comparison out of their investigational research.
Online paralegal certificates are an excellent way to increase your earning potential and land a secure career, even if you don't have the time or opportunity to attend college in person.
Earning a master's degree in instructional design takes time, dedication, and hard work.
It's meant to provide training and specialized education in the field, so depending on the program that you choose, you can expect to spend a number of years earning the credits.
A healthcare administration degree brings great work and earning opportunities, among other benefits.
For more information about earning a healthcare administration degree, potential careers, and current news from the field, check out the website for the American Association of Healthcare Administrative Management (AAHAM).
Those who don't typically find jobs within 90 days of earning their degrees.
Education takes personal commitment, time, and effort, so it makes sense that increased self-worth and satisfaction are among the most personal advantages of earning a college degree.
After booking through My Cruise Club, you will be required to fax a copy of your DD214 discharge papers or a copy of the leave and earning statement with your social security numbers blackened out.
During the high school years, it's important to get outstanding grades and take as many biology and chemistry courses as you possibly can in preparation for the next four years you'll spend earning a Bachelor's Degree (BA) in college.
After earning a chemical engineering degree from the University of Wisconsin, Nieman took on the roles of both president and head chef for Fromm.
The Fair Trade stamp means that the product you bought was made by an adult worker who is earning a living wage and who is working in healthy conditions.
Both these organic ingredients have found their way into the common kitchen, earning a spot next to the coffee maker for having a punch comparable to a regular cup of joe, minus the acidity that coffee can yield.
In today's modeling industry, many well-known modeling agencies recognize increased earning potential as they reach out to the plus size population with established divisions that support full figured career models.
Some groups may assist seniors with earning a GED or college degree.
Companies earning the right to display this logo are held to the highest online security standards.
If you know you still have 10+ years of earning, diversify your income and spending in preparation for what will be more reasonable on your own investments, without Social Security.
The Women's Volunteer Service for Civil Defense prepared and delivered meals to individuals and soldiers, earning the name, "Meals on Wheels".
This type of business has low overhead but offers unlimited earning potential for those who are willing to commit to working hard to build a successful enterprise.
The combination of regular savings contributions and making sure that your savings are earning money at the same time are the two keys to ensuring financial security during retirement.
Marc Jacobs attended Parson's School of Design, earning multiple high honors and praise in 1984.
Since his early beginnings as a designer, Jacobs has always come out on top, earning some of the top awards and recognitions in the industry.
First, you'll need to unlock the Photo Shoot Mode by earning $8,000 in cash and buying the camera from the shop.
If you find that you're having a hard time earning certain trophies, you can circumvent the requirements by editing a little file.In the directory where you installed Chuzzle on your computer, look for a folder called Profiles.
So, in order to get things going for yourself, you need to start earning some money to pay for the repairs and improvements you need.
Career mode is where you progress through races earning gold, silver, and bronze medals to earn cash, which you can apply towards upgrades to your vehicles.
Ask your friends directly if they would like to join the site you are earning on and then send them the referral link.
Stay on for three months to get to level one, earning five GameFly dollars every three months to spend as you please.
Halo has sold more than 13 million copies and Halo 2 was an instant success, earning more than $125 million in revenue on its first day on the market.
It is the most difficult challenge in the game, but once you figure out the first few puzzles you will want to keep earning new puzzles to solve.
However, it can be quite time-consuming earning these points the conventional way.
You can access the sound test in the locker room after earning $9000 and getting the audio set in the shop.
As a result, the vast majority of Scribblenauts cheats are about earning new rewards and unlocking new features.
Earning these attribute points through the career mode is richly rewarding.
Some people may say that using cheat codes in a role-playing game is a bit of a no-no, because they say that you are not truly earning everything in the adventure.
Essentially, you go around from port to port, talking to the different seafaring residents, gaining a bit of knowledge, taking in a drink or two at the local pub, and earning plenty of coin as you buy low and sell high.
The goal is to pop large groups of star balloons, thus earning more bonus points.
While the 2004 vintage may be past its prime, the 2008, 2009, and 2010 vintages are all very good wines, earning between 89 and 91 points from Wine Spectator.
The winery's two collections, the Napa Valley and Aritsan Collections, frequently garner praise from wine experts, earning 90+ point ratings from well known wine critics like Robert Parker and Wine Spectator.
The full burden of finding responsible childcare, earning a living, and parenting falls on one individual.
It occurs as they listen to parents talk about money; in their parents' wage earning patterns; and in their increasing experience with earning and spending.
Earning top scores for mambo and samba, Smith sure looked like he was having a lot of fun while dancing on the show.
This winner of the eighth season of the show wowed judges, especially earning top scores on Latin dances, such as the Argentine Tango, the Cha-Cha-Cha, and the Paso Doble.
When Brad Pitt left the University of Missouri in 1982 just two weeks prior to earning his degree, he wasn't much different than the rest of the young actors struggling in Hollywood.
After earning her teaching certificate, she embarked on a lifelong career in education that continues to influence the way many homeschooled children are taught today.
Bennett sold her first painting when she was eight, earning the label of prodigy.
Another thing to look at if you want to save money on college costs is using AP courses and CLEP exams as both a way to get in high school core requirements while earning college credits through the exams.
If you're looking for a flexible part time job that lets you have fun while earning the money you need, home party sales careers may be the right choice for you.
During the summer many younger teens find themselves earning their spending money by working for themselves.
Each medical specialty has a different approach to what forms of education are required for certification, licensure or earning a degree.
The level of income earning is important to an individual who is interested in pursuing a career in the medical industry.
Pay history - Since the amount of unemployment compensation awarded to eligible applicants is based on earnings, you'll need to provide documentation of the rate of pay you were earning at your previous job.
These jobs are also good earning opportunities for people who are currently seeking permanent employment and who are looking for a way to earn money while searching for a steady position.
You'd much rather be in the position to obtain employment that interests and excites you, and to apply for a job with the opportunity for growth and higher earning power.
There may be several jobs that fit your qualifications, but consider factors such as your interest in relocating for a position, obtaining the highest earning power and potential for mobility, and meeting your financial needs at the time.
Earning spending money is a great way for teens to learn the value of a dollar.
Many people are drawn to this line of work for its challenges and considerable earning potential.
The degree typically takes two years to complete, and it is possible to continue on to a BS in nursing after earning an ADN.
Even earning a track record can't really keep your job safe in this field.
The average salary of an x-ray technician is $52,000, with the top technicians earning more than $75,000 annually.
The best careers in nursing should offer opportunities for you to use your skills in a comfortable setting while earning a salary that meets your standard of living.
When trying to make your decision, think about the kind of work that you want to do and find out whether or not earning a degree will put you at an advantage.
Some well paying jobs that don't require a degree are relatively easy to enter, but you may have to put in a few years before earning your desired wages.
Earning a living while working from home requires dedication and effort, and any company claiming differently is likely untrustworthy.
This is important to understand because the qualification factors for a commercial mortgage are based largely on the earning potential of the property.
This usually involves earning a Bachelor's degree and two more years of advanced practice education, leading to a Master's degree.
On a sliding scale, low-income people receive a greater discount than those with higher earning power.
A work at home mom attends to her family responsibilities while earning an income from the comfort of her own home.
Generally, this means that you must be currently attending high school or earning your GED.
By age eighteen, Forbes Magazine had her pegged as one of the tope ten money earning models in the world.
As the stuffed animals continued to sell incredibly well, the 1990s brought the Troll doll phenomenon and Russ was now earning over $400 million annually.
A work from home candle business can be a great way to indulge your passion for richly scented candles while earning extra money to help with everyday household expenses.
Many party plan companies base their earning structure on a consultant's ability to sign up people to work beneath her.
For more tips on earning money from your candle making skills, visit LoveToKnow Business.
If you're interested in earning money from selling your handmade candles, you may find yourself wondering what candle making business supplies are needed for your entrepreneurial endeavor.
Earning an income through candle sales might sound like an impossible dream for someone who has never worked from home.
If you're interested in earning extra money by selling a room spray made with vodka, it's best to check with local authorities to make sure you won't be breaking any laws.
However, when it comes to earning money for a non-profit organization, compelling others to make a donation when they otherwise wouldn't consider it - you will find that special wording is needed to get the job done right.
Even if you offer the coupons for sale for an extended period of time, you'll start earning money right away.
Implementing creative fundraising ideas for softball teams is a fun way to raise money while earning profits.
Make the process a competition by awarding one group a reward celebration for earning the most.
If you're a man, don't hesitate to brag about your earning power.
Before earning his MBA at Stanford and starting SpeedDate.com, Dan worked as a strategy consultant for IBM Business Consulting Services.
To achieve this goal you have given up dating, earning your own income, advancing your education and most importantly, you have waited for him to decide if he wants to marry you.
Winter sports can be fun and engaging, earning you a lot of laughter.
While it's probably going to be difficult earning a living from writing poetry alone, there are plenty of opportunities for freelance writers interested in writing articles for magazines, newspapers, and Web sites.
Although "as much money as possible" may be your initial answer, it's a good idea to come up with an earning goal that is a bit more specific.
Do you have enough savings to cover the time it will take for you to start earning a semi-regular paycheck?
When you're trying to start a freelance writing business, however, these jobs can be a good way to develop your portfolio while earning extra income.
But, earning a living from your writing abilities is hard work.
Earning a degree in journalism, communications or English will prove beneficial if you want to pursue a career as a journalist, though some writers do find work without a degree.
While earning money from poems may seem like a distant dream, with a little extra effort and a lot of perseverance, getting paid for writing poetry needn't be impossible.
One of the most traditional ways of earning money from poetry is to publish a book of poetry.
Pick a selection of different earning opportunities as this spreads the risk of losing a single client.
If you're interested in earning some extra money from the comfort of your own home, you may find yourself wondering how to get paid for writing articles online.
Earning money for writing and making a living off writing are two different things.
In some cases, the plagiarizer is earning more money than you were paid to write the original.
Even if you have no intention of earning a degree, consider taking a class to develop your writing skills.
Create a lens on the topic of your choice at Squidoo, then add Google AdSense and Amazon.com affiliate links to boost your earning potential.
As with any information you find online about work from home opportunities, it's important to exercise caution when responding to any online earning opportunity postings.
This could represent three years you spent learning a trade and earning money doing this trade.
Earning, accumulating and spending money are all Taurean traits, and he knows how to do all three quite well.
The pets that are adopted get a room and kids can "buy" more things for their pet. . .they do this by earning points through playing games.
The 2005 release of King Kong was another blockbuster, earning some $550 million just for the theatrical release.
If it's absolutely essential that you start earning money immediately, you'll be better off getting a traditional part-time job.
If your child is having difficulty finding a traditional part-time job, however, this does not mean earning his own money is out of the question.
While you might see a slight reduction in your take-home pay, you're earning more money in your 401K savings than what you contribute because of the possible earned interest.
That's twice as good of a return as the average savings account at a bank, and in addition to the compounded interest your investment is earning on its own.
Chadwicks Gold Card offers points for every dollar spent at Chadwicks, and consumers receive a merchandise certificate for earning a certain number of points.
Some people use the average of their earnings for the year, while others opt to play it safe and budget based on their lowest earning month of the year.
General Hospital has earned a place in Daytime Emmy winners' history by earning a record 10 wins as Best Drama.
Over the decades, the show developed a loyal fan base and continues to be one of the most watched soap operas in the U.K., earning enormous ratings.
Stacy Haiduk has been earning fans for years, dating back to her days on Superboy and later SeaQuest DSV.
Phillips would go on to finish college, eventually earning a Master of Arts in Drama and later in Journalism.
Consistently earning high ratings overseas, The Bold and the Beautiful focuses primarily on the Forrester family and their fashion design business as well as romantic issues.
The 72 year old soap opera shuttered in 2009 after earning multiple awards and accolades throughout its record-breaking run.
Acclaim followed David Canary as Adam Chandler, earning him numerous Daytime Emmy nominations and five separate wins as Outstanding Lead Actor.
In September of 2010, Coronation Street cemented its place in history by earning an inclusion in the Guinness Book of World Records as the world's longest-running soap opera, thanks in part to its actors past and present.
Yet it's her time as an Emmerdale actress that she's most recognized for, earning British Soap Awards nominations for Best Actress and Sexiest Female.
Moore received great notice for his work, earning a Daytime Emmy Award for "Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series," as well as several NAACP Image Awards.
The show, which debuted in 2009, quickly became a runaway hit for The CW, earning a cult following online and off with Hot Topic events around the country.
Kate Ritchie - She played Sally Fletcher on Home and Away for twenty years, earning herself a Guinness World Record for the longest continuous role in an Australian drama series.
Ray Meagher - He plays Alf Stewart on Home and Away and became the only original actor to stick with the drama, earning himself a Gold Logie award, as well as a Guinness World Record.
Norman Coburn - He played Headmaster Donald Fisher on Home and Away for fifteen years, earning a Guinness World Record as the longest serving actor in an Australian serial.
Natalie Bassingthwaighte - She played Izzy Hoyland on Neighbours, earning her a few Logie Awards nominations, then pursued a music career and hosted So You Think You Can Dance Australia.
She did all of this while earning a degree in international relations.
All of the College's students work at least 10 hours per week for the College, earning a part of their room and board and gaining a little spending money, too.
Earning your yoga for kids teacher certification is a smart way to learn the best methods of teaching youngsters to enjoy yoga.
If you would like to help students learn this rejuvenating and challenging form of yoga, earning teacher certfication is the first essential step towards reaching that goal.
Earning yoga certification in Houston can be done through several different studios.
Some folks can function very well on less, while others are unable to make ends meet earning $100,000.
Earning a business degree online requires you to choose a school that offers the degree program you are interested in pursuing.
If you want to move ahead in your career and need to obtain an advanced business degree in order to do so, earning a degree from one of the many excellent online accredited business schools can be the perfect way to fulfill your potential.
Instead deposits should be made early so they can be credited to that day and start earning interest.
Traveling to and from work is not considered a business expense, since you are not using the vehicle for the purpose of earning income at those times.
While reading this article, have you realized you don't have adequate information to analyze your earning problem?
Twice, she was chosen among a staff of 20 as Customer Service Agent of the month, earning company wide recognition.
Self employed individuals tend to be targets for audits more so than those earning wages from an employer since there is a greater possibility of undeclared income, so you will want to be especially careful.
Contrary to popular belief, a community college isn't just a place for students interested in earning a degree.
There's more to earning your six pack than doing endless sets of abdominal crunches.
Earning a set of impressive washboard abs takes a lot of work, but it can be done.
Earning that sixpack can be a lot easier said than done, however.
However, here's a list of seven top choices for earning that rock-hard sixpack.
Of course, living in a Francophone region while earning the degree is a step towards French proficiency as well.
Before Social Security was created there were plenty of social programs in place to assist destitute and other unfortunate people, but no effective programs were in place to support retired people who were no longer earning an income.
Professionals entering the actuarial field have a high earning potential because it is a specialized field with a large demand.
A family earning low wages actually has more options than middle class families.
The amount that you will receive in unemployment benefits is based on how much you were earning in the base period before you lost your job.
In fact, by the year 2000, it was the number four reinsurer and was earning upwards of $8 billion in premiums from customers all across the globe.
Right now, while you're working, you're more than likely earning more income than you're going to earn when you hit the age of retirement.
The advantage to the employee is that he or she will likely be in a lower tax bracket after retirement and will pay less in taxes than during his or her prime earning years.
This disrupted the live show, angering SNL producer, Lorne Michaels and earning Costello a 12-year ban from the show.
Madonna has changed her look countless ways over the years, earning a reputation for being a chameleon of sorts.
The stage play is the highest earning entertainment event ever, and it is the longest running musical on Broadway of all times (narrowly edging out another Andrew Lloyd Weber creation, Cats).
Since that time, Coldplay has experienced ever increasing success with each release, and they are now one of the top earning bands around - both in terms of sales and tours.
The movie version of Mamma Mia received decidedly mixed reviews from the press but has been a hit with audiences, earning major box office numbers.
She majored in Music Composition, earning a Bachelor of Arts degree, and she played in a local band called Cashmere.
Their first Disney release went triple platinum, The Jonas Brothers went on to get their own TV series - JONAS - and by 2008, the group was the ninth highest earning act in music.
Elvis began to play shows in the regional concert circuit and developed a reputation for his leg shaking dance, which outraged some parents while earning him legions of adoring female fans.
Pink Floyd's members developed into world-class musicians, earning the respect they are given for their contributions.
Under the terms of a 360 deal, the label isn't confined to working on - or earning a percentage from - record sales alone.
Spa girl parties are a fun way to get your best girlfriends together for a relaxing evening - and enjoy earning a little spending money at the same time.
The show is a competition between professional dog groomers, with the winner earning the title of "Groomer of the Year" in addition to cash and prizes.
Contestants are evaluated by the judges, with the winners earning prizes and an advantage in the upcoming Elimination Challenge.
Guy Fieri has become the most popular winner of The Next Food Network Star, quite literally earning the title of the show.
She grew up in the family business, and after earning her business administration degree from Michigan State University she earned a graduate degree in diamond certification so she could help the family make better deals on jewelry.
Since the same person can be both a biological father to one child and a mother to another, gender roles are completely smoothed out - everyone raises children, everyone has an earning role.
He kept the One Ring for fifty years, earning longevity of life.


text:
Search the Site with
to end of page
A Crewmember's recollection of the fire in 1988
The report below was contributed by QM2/SS Richard (Rick) Neault, U.S. Navy Ret. It is dedicated to the three men who gave their lifes aboard the USS Bonefish (SS 582).
At the time of the accident I was on watch in the control room. I was a Quartermaster and at the time was a third class (Qm3/ss). We were operating with the USS Carr (FFG 52) and the JFK (CV 67) doing war games. The Carr had asked us to go deep to commence an operation, we were at periscope depth (PD). We started to go down to 250ft and the boat took on a down angle. At that time, the maneuvering room called up and said they had lost the ground on the battery well. The officer of the deck (OOD) told them to wait until we reached depth and then send a man into the well to see what was wrong. After we had reached 250ft, a man was sent into the battery well to find the problem when he then called out fire in the berthing spaces. The battery well is located under the berthing spaces. From there it gets kinda foggy for me as I did not monitor the phone communications. About 15 minutes after the fire alarm was sounded, there was a loud bang and the boat began to shudder. Instantly the boat filled with smoke. VERY thick and heavy black smoke. It came rushing into the control room and filled the room in about a second. By then the CO had already ordered us to PD, but when the smoke filled the compartment, the CO ordered an emergency blow. We surfaced, unfortunately the OOD was not wearing an emergency air breathing device (EAB). He was unable to get the hatch open and unfortunately succumbed to smoke inhalation. His name was Lt. Ray Everts. A quick side note, all three of the men who died in the fire were fairly new onboard. I had just had a conversation with Lt. Everts about the Quartermaster division on the Bone. He said that we were the best Qm division he had worked with thus far in his Navy career. He was a good guy. After we had surfaced, we were eventually able to get the control room hatch open and start one of the diesels. We used it to suck the smoke out of the compartment. The men fighting the fire were trying to get to the flames. Unfortunately, the fire was in the insulation that was located behind the walls in the berthing compartment. We would have had to remove the bunks and then the walls in order to get to it. They sure tried though. After we had been surfaced for about 15 minutes there was another loud bang and once again the compartment filled with heavy smoke. This time it flamed out the engine and aparently it had melted through an air line. At that point the CO realized that the fire was now being fed by this air line and the only thing left to do was to abandon ship and lock down the hatches and hope it burned itself out. Unfortunately, Robert (Bob) Bordelon (RM1/ss) had some sort of medical emergency (heart attack??) in the radio room and was already unconscious. YN3 Todd Lindgren was at the midships hatch waiting for his turn to go topside when he snapped (freaked out) and disappeared into the smoke. The Doc tried to locate him but was unable to due to the smoke. He was 20 years old, old enough to die for his country, but too young to buy a beer. RM1 Bordelon was less than a year from retirement. The official cause of the fire was an electrical short across the battery bus ties that eventually caught the insulation on fire. The Garbage Disposal Unit (GDU) in the crews mess had a leaky valve. That valve had apparently been leaking for some time and the salt water ate through the decking into the battery well. When we made our angle to go down to 250ft, the water that had pooled poured into the well and caused arching and sparking and from there it is now history. Had there been an explosion due to the buildup of hydrogen gas (as some sub experts claimed), you wouldn't be reading this because I would be dead. Several of the crew of the Bone have been subsequently retired from the Navy for various reasons, including myself. Mainly because of the rumor and speculation surrounding the accident. Unfortunately, those of us who wanted the subs to be our career have had a hard time readjusting to civilian life. It isn't that we were blamed by the Navy, its just that crews on board other boats felt that we didn't do enough to save our shipmates, even though they were not there to actually be aware of what happened.
Back to USS Bonefish Page. Back to Ships list. Back to Selection Page. Back to 1st Page.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


1. Surfeasy vpn delete account.
imdi bu aamda bilgisayarnzn arama kutusuna CMD yazarak Komut stemi dosyasn ayoruz. Ve burada örnein yasakl sitemiz facebook olsun, bir süre sonra m iin IP adresini ekranda surfeasy vpn delete account göreceksiniz. Ping m ve ping m yazarak ping atyoruz. Yukardaki resimde de göreceiniz üzere eklinde ip adresleri bulunuyor.they are, among others: - Cisco technical drawings - RV 082 manuals - Cisco product data sheets - information booklets - or energy labels Cisco RV 082 All of surfeasy vpn delete account them are important,demo the App Confusion Attack against surfeasy vpn delete account the betternet (a VPN proxy app)) to sniff the device-level network traffics.
Note that this will add the basic Android version of PureVPNs software to your device, not the dedicated Fire Stick release. If you only have a remote for Fire navigation, you could have problems accessing some of the features. This is best reserved for anyone.
India: Surfeasy vpn delete account!
unlimited Modded APK Unlocked for surfeasy vpn delete account android phones and tablets from PlayMod. ZenMate VPN v Premium Android APK Full Version.? # 22- surfeasy vpn delete account 50-.# 46- 56-.newsmeldung Geoproxy. Der Status Bestand, die Legende der Windkraftanlagen wurde überarbeitet.
vPN. Jika Anda vpn vs unblock sering menggunakan internet tapi ketika sedang berselancar selalu menemukan situs yang terblokir atau tidak bisa dibuka surfeasy vpn delete account tentunya sangat menyebalkan. Untuk dapat membuka situs yang telah terblokir salah satunya Anda harus memiliki aplikasi.
quality If you are a video-phile and dont accept anything less than HD then you may be out of luck. So quality isnt as good as it could be. Most of these services seem to struggle to use the full line speed,notice that surfeasy vpn delete account these settings are valid for Windows in general, it is probably because of the fact that the proxy server you are using, once this is done you press okay and it should be working. So if Internet suddenly stops working,vpn Vip Ilimitado Para iOS 12 1 1 iOS Gratis Vpn surfeasy vpn delete account Proxy Master Hack Update by Franceneaei.
vPN, uRL,there are several reasons. Well, why Ethiopia Needs surfeasy vpn delete account VPN: The VPN is a major need for the residents and visitors of Ethiopia. The question may arise in your minds that why Ethiopia needs VPN.
(AMAZON BEST DEALS )) ALL NEW 4K FIRE TV CUBE setting vpn on apple tv : surfeasy vpn delete account NEWEST 4K FIRE TV: NEWEST 4K FIRE STICK : HDMI EXTENSION CABLE ETHERNET ADAPTER. BLUETOOTH REMOTE BEST STREAMING TV BOX: DROIDADMIN CODE SUPER APP STORE My latest videos here.


text:
Category Archives: And Finally
by SRHE News Blog	1 Comment
Critical management studies
by Ian McNay
My thanks to Rob Cuthbert in the July issue of SRHE News for his generous comments in trailing a (possibly) forthcoming article treating TEF and, mainly, REF through a triple lens of capitalism, competition and competence in policy making and implementation. Some newer researchers may find some consolation in its history. Given that I have led workshops on 'Getting in to print' for SRHE, it has been a salutary and frustrating/irritating experience, for someone whose recent writing and publication has been mainly by invitation.
It started, as many articles do, in a presentation to an SRHE research seminar in the autumn of 2019. My procrastination, and demands from other work, delayed crafting that in to an article, which was submitted in early summer 2020. It took a second reviewer over 4 months to submit a report dismissing it as 'bold and bombastic', adding nothing to existing knowledge. The other reviewer was kinder and more constructive but the editor rejected it in October. One blow to the self-esteem, but 'pick yourself up, dust yourself off…'. I accepted the second reviewer's view that there was a need for a clearer message and tighter structure.
Submission of a revised version went to a different journal in early March 2021. Again, there were two reviewers. One I quote in full:
"Thank you for the opportunity to review your article. I found your argument carefully crafted and supported. It is a captivating read and throws a very strong light on the distortions created by unintended (and intended!) consequences of the 'research game'. I think it will be very well received by an international audience, especially by those institutions wondering why their high quality research is undermined."
The second said:
"Your topic … would be of interest to international readers, many of whom will be experiencing similar issues in their own institutions. Your conception of the article is exciting and it is well worth writing about … [it] has the potential to add to the body of knowledge and be of value to readers. However…"
They then made useful criticisms, comments and suggestions on improving it.
That was in May, with the overall judgement that it needed 'minor modifications'; I revised and re-submitted in early June. Towards the end of July, I got a second lot of feedback, from two people not previously involved, so with no continuity of engagement. One thought it had 'few references to specific policies or policy documents' – 14 are cited – and needed more underpinning to support the argument and give balance. Nevertheless, they thought the article 'an interesting one which raises important issues and deserves to be published'. The second, I again quote in full:
"Thank you for the opportunity to review your article. It packs a punch and boy, is it needed! I sincerely enjoyed your paper, reads like an express train – loved it! I think it will stir up the debate – I shall look forward to it! :)"
I submitted a slightly amended script in early August and, at the end of the month, was told there would be a final decision within two weeks. It is now October, and two referees, as well as Rob, and Rajani Naidoo, who chaired the original seminar, think highly of it. I had been worried that the latest REF results would appear before it is published, but they will now come out on May 22nd, so there is time. A dilemma – do I contact the busy editor again and risk it being seen as harassment, or wait for the process to grind through?
Briefly, on content, the use of Lisa Lucas's 'research game' leads to comparisons with soccer, where the Guardian's top 100 footballers in December had 32 who play in the English Premier league, but only 6 are qualified for England, and one for Scotland. In HE, over half of full time research students are international and according to UUK 48% of 'research-only staff' in 2018 were not born in the UK, where graduates are loaded with debt. As with truck drivers, we have imported to cover a lack of development (as in soccer and in county cricket), but post Brexit entry conditions, particularly visa controls and minimum salary, will reduce that possibility considerably. As with cricket, concentration on the short form, where the money is, may have prevented the development of longer form – blue skies research or five day tests – because of deadlines and targets. Rugby union coach Eddie Jones was quoted in 2018 saying that the team captain 'can captain England with a rule of fear'.
In some HEIs, that seems to be the approach to research and the REF. One press comment on the subsequent match – defeat by France – said that the reason the team underperformed was that 'they lacked autonomy and freedom from external control … it all feels overly managed'. Researchers, too, have lost control of the means of research production and distribution (publication). In my article a final comparison was made with the European Song Contest – not strictly a game, but a competition – where some panels tend vote for 'people like us' and assessment of quality gets entangled with tribal loyalty.
My elder son is also having trouble with senior managers over researchers and research students. He heads the Behavioral Neuroscience Area in a federal state university in the USA, where the comparable stipend for comparable students in other institutions within the federal university is up to 50% higher, creating low morale and difficulties in recruiting the best students, which will affect the university's rating as a level 1 institution. Even students in the same lab have higher stipends because they are classified as STEM students, though both groups do similar work, often together. After 18 months of trying to engage with senior management, he took the decision to stop recruiting. That finally got an email response, which appeared to be simply: 'if you do that you will have to do more undergraduate teaching'.
Finally and briefly, I anticipate that 18 months of home working will lead senior managers to try to save on estate costs and have teaching staff timetables structured to allow 'Box and Cox' arrangements with paired staff sharing a single desk and computer – much worse than the UEA situation reported in the recent Private Eye. There will be 2-3 days designated as 'presentism' days and 2-3 designated as 'home-based'.
SRHE Fellow Ian McNay is emeritus professor at the University of Greenwich.
Categories: And Finally | Tags: getting published, research, research game, reviewers | Permalink.
by SRHE News Blog	Leave a comment
Some reflections on learning during lockdown…
This is a listing of thoughts that came over 3 months of isolation when learning was in a different context.
Policy based on science becomes policy blamed on science in the hands of politicians, who rarely, if ever, admit being at fault, which they see as weakness.
Researchers therefore need to be very sure of what they publish or advice they give, because the nuances of conditionality of research findings do not transfer easily to a political mindset. Do not rush to publish when data are still emerging in a fluid situation. Rigorous peer review becomes even more important, but seems to have been neglected by The Lancet and The New England Journal of Medicine over hydroxychloroquine. The reputation of the Imperial group and their influential model was also called in to question when examined by the excellent Radio 4 programme, More or Less, and later in Private Eye (19 June) which discovered that their forecast about the rate at which infections doubled – 5 days – neglected data from Italy and the early days of the UK experience – which gives nearer to 3 days – and therefore led to a delay in lockdown. Maybe not a 4* rating for impact, after all. The cherry picking by ministers and the pressures to edit findings from those in a draft (I have experienced both) may have been a learning experience for some.
The definition of 'world leading' adopted by government in reviewing its own policy in operation over Covid-19 must use criteria even lower than those in REF derided by Johnston (Ron, that is – ex-VC of Essex, then professor emeritus at Bristol)
Presentism was shown to be less essential than Jacob Rees-Mogg thinks. I won't comment much on the teaching experience since most of mine has been at a distance for some years. Some research approaches – interviews, focus groups – needed to be adapted by my students, whose field work was disrupted. Anthropological immersion in a community for study purposes was challenging – but there is a lot of material being gathered virtually and more to follow when retrospective work is done. Anthropologists and ethnologists may have a field day examining how societies and communities changed – norms, habits, rituals, relationships, communications – and how quickly they responded to crisis: better locally than when driven from the centre. Outside the academic, meetings were shorter with more respect for others in terms of interruptions. Some international conferences had higher attendances than at times in the past when the time and cost of travel was a deterrent. This has been true of SRHE, where some events offered by Networks have had over 100 participants, when the room they were held in BC (Before Covid) could hold a maximum of 50. A higher proportion were from overseas. Currently, therefore, some people, less advantaged because of geography or funding, may get access they could not previously afford. Fees for non-members have also been suspended, though this has led to a drop in the number of members joining or renewing. Please do pay membership fees – they give value for money.
The opposite is true for some students where they do not have home technology, and so inequality of opportunity has increased. Universities need to reflect on this and recall that in the first years of the Open University students were provided with not only home experiment kits (including a rotor arm which one postal worker left outside the door of a 7th floor flat in Toxteth: I had to argue hard with the administration to stop the student being charged), but with home computers, so all had access.
Working from home had its challenges. As someone who has always gone to work to work, with the journey allowing a role transition from place to place, entering the dining room to work at the table does not have the same liminal impact. The morning walk to the newsagent, which allowed thoughts to organise themselves and next paragraphs and passages to be planned, has been suspended. Papers are now delivered. Lockdown has had a differential impact by gender. Submission rates of journal articles have gone down for women, up for men, with a knock on consequence for REF submissions.
The 'unknown knowns' of inequality, prejudice and discrimination are now out in the open and, if continued are deliberate and systemic, done knowingly, not some deterministically 'systemic' feature about which we can do nothing. The claim that Covid-19 hit high and low alike was based around two people – the Prince of Wales and the Prime Minister – neither of whom died. The figures I quoted on deaths of clinical staff last time became even more alarming, with 94% of doctors killed by Covid-19 reported as being from BAME backgrounds. The interconnection of class and race in the distribution of infection and deaths shows that responsibility rests with policies on disadvantage of the poor increasing exposure. We should also have absorbed another 'known', that value is not reflected in wage/salary levels, but should be. Humanity and decency should mean that policy seeks to redress inequality, and universities have roles to play in this and need to commit to performing them, beyond looking at their own patterns of discrimination. Especially, perhaps, those running police training courses, who need to review them as economists needed to review their courses after the 2008 crash (some even did so) and those leading MBA programmes after the report from CIPD that only 8 per cent of managers thought about the relevance of values. The history curriculum at all levels needs examining for balance. One of my newspapers surveyed decolonisation and found only 20% of universities had done anything and even fewer on a whole university basis. The ubiquitous media academic de nos jours, David Olusonge, who as I write, as well as appearing on the news, has just started a BBC4 programme on Black British History to sit alongside one on BBC2 about a house in Guinea Street , Bristol, built by a likely slave trader, could be the person to lead on it.
Of course universities are not racist; senior managers have issued statements saying so, not after the glaring picture of the statistics but by joining the Black Lives Matter bandwagon of corporate guilt, denial and claimed commitment following recent police killings and decades of discrimination. The heads of Oxford colleges did it most publicly through a high profile letter in The Guardian; others were less limelight-seeking. I did not see any comment from David Lammy, but the next day the Guardian had a report of racist language and harassment in election hustings at an Oxford college … for a cake representative (I kid you not; this is Oxford, remember). More seriously, the day after that came a report that BAME student societies had withdrawn involvement in Oxford's outreach programme because of the perceived lack of support following student entry. Lessons for us all there. Only three percent of Rhodes scholarships go to those from Africa. The governors of Oriel College have now decided to remove the statue of Rhodes: sometimes people power can achieve things mainstream processes of deliberation do not.
Lessons, too, on leadership, where what has emerged during the crisis echoes work by myself and others. What people want is: clarity of policy, so there is certainty about expectations; consistency and continuity rather than constant change, which makes us feel like experimental guinea pigs where different things are tested on us (REF 2021 has 12 major changes); and confidence in leaders, which the first two will help promote, but which also needs a sense of common identity, where we are visibly and evidentially 'all in it together'. There is a Leadership Foundation in HE report saying exactly that https://uwe-repository.worktribe.com/output/828871 . (Thanks to Rob C for digging that out) The involvement of those at devolved level with expertise is also essential; driving from the centre, with autocratic control, is neither efficient nor effective, and, in some cases not economic. True at university institutional level, too.
We have learned that the crisis, like others, offers opportunities. HEPI had a report outlining possibilities for enhancing access; for many, the exposure to distance learning has stimulated broader thinking about curriculum process, and there will be strategic thinking about the portfolio of provision, though English government decisions on extra undergraduate numbers give them to elite universities whatever their TEF grade and ignores many judged excellent by TEF judgements. Yet the elite universities are dropping down international league tables because of, say the compilers (according to a report in…The Guardian 10 June) 'poor teaching and declining research impact'. Of the 84 in the rankings (very few were modern universities, though Greenwich made it) 66 had a drop in SSRs, 59 a drop in research citations, and 51 a drop in international student numbers, who, for them, will now be replaced by extra domestic students.
Finally, we have learned that some academics are market sensitive and see a promotional opportunity when it comes. For those on television, bookshelves became advertising hoardings, with their latest output showing, cover to the front, not spine, just over their shoulder and very legible. In one case, a blown up photograph had been framed and hung on the wall.
SRHE Fellow Ian McNay is emeritus professor at the University of Greenwich
Categories: And Finally | Tags: covid-19, covid-19 and higher education, learning and lockdown, learning and teaching | Permalink.
by SRHE News Blog	2 Comments
A period of reflection
At the beginning of what some people mistakenly think of as the beginning of a new decade – who counts to ten by starting at zero and finishing at nine? – the pressure is to reflect on the past and project for the future. I am going to mainly eschew the former, but do have concerns for the next five or ten years. In other countries where a populist government has been elected, and moved to authoritarianism, such as Hungary, Turkey, or even the USA, the auguries are not good for higher education. I am not claiming that the new UK administration is as extreme as those examples, but the indications are there about its attitude to dissenting voices – the BBC and Channel 4 coverage of the election, elected parliamentarians defying the party whip, and even the supreme court, to whose rulings the government has twice had to conform, reluctantly, in the interests of constitutional democracy. The manifesto commitment to reviewing the organs of government and the judiciary has been seen by some as ominous.
Whatever the politics, there are other reasons to be concerned for HE. The eight years since fees were last tripled, to £9,000, have been fairly comfortable, financially, for most universities, if not their staff at the sharp end of operations. Marginal costs per student will often be low, especially in non-STEM subjects, so surpluses expand with every expansion of numbers. The Augar Report recommendations, if accepted, may lower fees with little guarantee that government will cover the loss of income. The cost of student loans, some of which now comes within current public spending, will increase dramatically with the demographic bulge in 18-year-olds, starting now, unless the cap on numbers in England is re-imposed, as seems likely, given views on 'useless' degrees, unnecessary experts, and pressure to prefer apprenticeships and FE recovery over investing in people who, on graduation, are less likely to vote Conservative than those without a university education. Graduates move to cities where there are jobs, leaving their home communities to an ageing population with different political predilections, made evident in December, and considerable resentment against what they see as graduate elitists in Westminster disregarding their needs and views. That may then convert to resentment against the universities that produce them and whose students affect the availability of property to rent and 'studentify' sections of a community. If the low rate of HE access of white working class males, and 'over-representation' of British BAME students is added to the mix, there is a base for Powellite stirring in a search for somebody to blame.
HE will not, then, be a high priority among competing, vote-winning, initiatives. Savings from not having to give EU students access to UK loans may not be re-invested. Even for research, where specific protective commitments have been made, the loss of EU funding and the greater difficulty in recruiting and partnering internationally because of visa restrictions, the prospects are not good. UK universities have already begun to drop down international league tables, and there is little reason to believe that that trend will stop. If income becomes tight, consider where funds might come from and the political risks of dependence on Chinese students and partnerships, or grants from oil rich regimes in the Middle East, or big pharma to a greater extent than now. Governors and senior managers will be faced with moral issues, testing the robustness of asserted values.
If universities are to overcome being seen as part of the problem, what has to change? Over the end of year break, I have been reading a collection of essays arising from an event 50 years after Chomsky published 'The responsibility of intellectuals'. . That is the book's title; it is edited by Nicholas Allott, Chris Knight, and Neil Smith, published by UCL Press. For us, as individuals who might be regarded as intellectuals, the three responsibilities set out by Chomsky remain: 'to speak truth and expose lies; to provide historical context, and to lift the veil of ideology' (Allott et al, 2019:7). The context has changed in 50 years: we 'speak', as do others, on social media, where regulation is lax; truth must be told to the powerless as well as the powerful, needing a different level of discourse; there is recognition that 'the elite need to have an accurate idea of what is going on' (p10) which means listening to others' legitimate and valid truths derived from an experience, a background and axioms that differ from those of the people in power; and there is need for active engagement with that alternative reality, not just commentary from a distance, however sympathetic. This may lead to a better informed and value-oriented set of intellectuals.
At institutional level, that applies within universities, too. The gap between the governors, including the senior managers, and the governed is dysfunctional – can you name, say, three lay governors? When did you last speak with one? Some years ago, I reviewed the work of the Greenwich governing body, as recommended in the Dearing Report. It was clear that there was no communication with the governed, either up or down, no communication with 'constituencies', since governors could not identify their constituency. There was only an oral report on Academic Board meetings, by the VC, with all other information for the governors coming from the SMT, sometimes incomplete, at times misleading. SMT/staff communication has improved, but is still poor and unsystematic, avoiding anything that might highlight negatives.
As with many modern universities, there are two seats on Academic Board for professors elected by and from the professoriate; this year, as too often in the past, there were no nominations, nobody willing to stand, for a body that has no power beyond 'advising' the CEO and where the 1988/92 laws require there to be a majority of people with management responsibilities … on an academic board. My work with staff in many universities suggests that disengagement is widespread: academics have reverted to being what Hoyle labelled 'restricted professionals' – classroom based and classroom bound, by choice, since there is a fear of repercussions/reprisals if there is any expression of dissent. So compliance produces conformity, not the creative diversity essential to a healthy academic community. That may also develop at corporate level with the increasingly intrusive regulation by the Office for Students. Interviewing vice chancellors some years ago, even then there was a fear of speaking against ministerial policy, which might result in financial discrimination against their university. There might also be targeted supplementary 'regulation' (=control) from the Office for Students. Only in England, of course, which already has more surveillance from government and its agencies than other parts of the UK, as shown by Michael Shattock and Aniko Horvath in their 2019 book The Governance of British Higher Education. Possibly as a factor of size, but only partly, I suspect, transferring Chomsky's concern over ideology to this context, there is also – Shattock and Horvath, again – less solidarity among the different mission groups, who act like ideological factions in a political party. Perhaps some reflections on common values (echoing urgings in one such party) might bring them together. I recommend reading chapter 5 of the Dearing Report as a basis for a period of reflection on values in an academic (and political) community.
I wish you a good new year, with hope that my concerns prove to be unfounded.
Categories: And Finally | Tags: student loans, Tuition fees, university governance | Permalink.
Brenda Leibowitz 1957 – 2018
It is with much sadness that the SRHE community notes the passing of Brenda Leibowitz, a South African scholar in academic development and higher education. Her recent work on academic staff development features twice in the SRHE/Routledge book series; first, a chapter in the edited 2016 book "Researching Higher Education: International perspectives on theory, policy and practice", and then, with Vivienne Bozalek and Peter Kahn, a 2017 book "Theorising learning to teach in higher education". She also presented her work at the SRHE annual conference and will be known to many in the community for her engagement across a wide range of higher education conferences in South Africa and abroad.
Brenda's engaged scholarship over nearly 30 years was strongly rooted in her activist commitment to recognizing a democratic and transformed South Africa through education and higher education. She began teaching in secondary schools designated for 'coloured' pupils and this sharpened sense both of the inequities of apartheid and the possibilities in education led to a most formative stint in the Academic Development Centre at the University of the Western Cape (UWC), where her practice and emerging scholarship focused on language issues in the university. She followed this with a period of curriculum work as a Director in the national Department of Education, completing a PhD from the University of Sheffield, and moved from here to nearly a decade directing the Centre for Teaching and Learning at Stellenbosch University. Here her work moved from a focus on student development to staff development, bringing with it a critical edge and an exceptionally strong commitment to collaboration and empowerment. In 2014 her scholarship was noted with the appointment to a chair in Teaching and Learning at the University of Johannesburg (and more recently, with the award of an National Research Foundation (NRF) funded South African Research Chair Initiative (SARChI) position on Post School Education and Training).
Brenda was one of the Principal Investigators on an ESRC Newton/NRF funded project entitled "Southern African Rurality in Higher Education" (SARiHE), which began in 2016 and will complete work in 2019. Brenda's long-term interest in social justice in higher education especially for students from rural backgrounds in South Africa helped to secure funding for this project. The Southern African University Learning and Teaching (SAULT) forum, which she helped to build, has also been important in this project and has facilitated the involvement of academics and academic developers from across nine Southern African countries.
Brenda was absolutely prolific in her deep scholarship, and pulled many others along in her wake. She published across national and international journals, book chapters and books. A flavour of the evolution of her distinctive scholarship can be seen in the perusal of some of her article titles that drew on direct quotes from her research participants:
* "Why now after all these years you want to listen to me?" Using journals in teaching history at a South African university. The History Teacher, 1996
* "Communities isn't just about trees and shops": Students from two South African universities engage in dialogue about 'community' and 'community work'. Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, 2008
* What's Inside the Suitcases? An investigation into the powerful resources students and lecturers bring to teaching and learning. Higher Education Research and Development, 2009
* "Ah, but the whiteys love to talk about themselves": Discomfort as a pedagogy for change. Race, Ethnicity and Education, 2010
* "It's been a wonderful life": Accounts of the interplay between structure and agency by "good" university teachers. Higher Education, 2012
The title of her most recent paper, with colleague Vivienne Bozalek, 'Toward a Slow scholarship of teaching and learning in the South' is also revealing. 'Slow scholarship' foregrounds qualities such as thoughtfulness, attentiveness, the valuing of relationships, creativity, and depth of engagement – qualities that embody so well Brenda's own scholarship and her way of being in the world.
In her research, Brenda leaves an extraordinary written record of scholarship; however, more importantly, there are the many, many lives that this extraordinary educator and scholar touched and influenced deeply. Brenda had an openness and generosity of spirit that allowed her to traverse boundaries and bring together collaborative teams across all the usual divisions of discipline, social background and institutional type. She had a solid compass that never deviated from its pointing towards the long arc of social justice, but she accomplished all she did with notable humility and serious interest in others and their educational and research journeys.
The period of late apartheid bred a distinctive sort of higher education researcher, many of these working in academic development at UWC in the 1990s. In this group of hugely influential higher education scholars, including Chrissie Boughey and Melanie Walker, Brenda made a distinctive and important contribution, cut much too short by her cancer diagnosis. We will remember her with love and admiration.
Jenni Case, Lisa Lucas and Delia Marshall
Categories: And Finally | Tags: academic staff development, Brenda Leibowitz, Leibowitz | Permalink.
Professional and Professionalism
My views on 'professional' and 'professionalism' in HE have been tested in several ways recently. One of my doctoral students has just got his award for a study on the topic. A major part of his work was a case study in a modern university, with a survey of teaching professionals with fellowship status in HEA either by a PGCE or a reflective portfolio of experience route. The survey group presented a homogeneous monochrome picture of what Hoyle, many years ago, labelled 'restricted' professionals – classroom bound with little engagement in the wider professional context, focused on subject and students, with punctuality and smart dress as professional characteristics. That reflected the response I got from some academics when I was appointed as a head of school: I met each one of my staff and, as part of the conversation, asked their view on development issues and future possibilities for the school. The response of several can be summarised by two: 'I don't have a view; not my role and above my pay grade', and 'You're the boss. Tell me what to do and I'll do it'. Continue reading →
Categories: And Finally, Quality, Standards, Performance, Evaluation | Tags: academic professional, Hoyle, Professional, Professionalism | Permalink.
The SRHE Blog hasn't featured a motoring column before – and actually it's a bit late to start: if you've recently bought a new-ish car, it may well be your last one. That's because the car makers and the big tech companies are betting the farm on driverless ("autonomous") cars being the future of road travel – not in some "weekend breaks on Mars"-type sci-fi scenario, but in the next couple of years. At the end of February, an autonomous Nissan Leaf drove six miles around East London, including negotiating a roundabout on the A13 that scares me. It's generally assumed that these cars mostly won't be owned by individuals, but will be driverless taxis, summoned to your door (at least, in towns). Most new cars are already at or near what the industry calls "Level 3", with sensors for parking, automatic braking, lane guidance and so on; "Level 4" cars will add all this to artificial intelligence and so do away with the human driver. The computer won't make the stupid mistakes that all human drivers do – so one effect that's already been noted will be the "nice to have" problem of a reduction in the number of transplant organs available.
It's the combination of the scale and the imminence of this revolution that makes it so interesting social scientifically: this won't be a gradual evolution, but a big bang – one year, cars like we've always known them; a year or two later, a transformation. Like an avalanche, unnoticed high up on the mountain, it is about to sweep down. (Look at one of the many blogs on this, such as "Connected Cars", to get a sense of how fast things are moving.)
Why should this be of interest to higher education researchers? Continue reading →
Categories: And Finally, SRHE News Blog | Tags: cars, technology | Permalink.
Ian McNay writes…
Good to see action being taken on gender-based pay inequality after all the talk and all the evidence. Congratulations to Essex and, recently, LSE where women will get rises to close the gap of over 10% between their salaries and those of men with equal rank, length of service, research outputs and age. Essex earlier gave a one-off boost to female professors.
But … way to go fellas! I saw little coverage of the Women in Science Fellowships (we need a different title, surely). There were five awards of £15,000 to be spent in any way the winners choose in order to help them continue research in their chosen fields. What, then, did they choose?
Help with childcare and some conference travel
Flexible childcare arrangements to allow the further development of key collaborations and partnerships
Childcare to allow an early return to work
Practical help with childcare fees, with some on equipment and conferences
Resolving the tough decision between my research and looking after my son
I cannot imagine a group of five male winners having such unanimity about such a 'choice'. Thank you to the Evening Standard for its coverage and editorial stance.
I spent some time over the summer copying Ulysses and cruising, less excitingly, the northern Mediterranean, Aegean and Adriatic seas. The ship's library, for 1800 passengers, had about 120 books, including a history of Test Match Special. More relevant to readers here was one by Jonathan R Cole (2016) Toward a More Perfect University, NY, Public Affairs. One can criticise the title for thinking that 'perfect' can be susceptible to gradations, and for implying that the top 300 US research universities – the author's basic starting point, are already perfect. Indeed, he criticises Johns Hopkins for distorting their mission to overstate research. Among his recommendations are a reduction in doctoral students; more emphasis on undergraduates – the quality of teaching and academic standards; and a compulsory one-year training programme for new members of governing bodies, Boards of Regents or their counterparts, to include a module on the nature of a university and its place in USA society. Good luck with that one.
The second one was a surprise. It was a John Grisham imitation, a courtroom drama. The following comes when the defence lawyer is about to cross-examine and discredit an academic expert. He sends his assistant to dig out his publications from 2008, 2004 and 2000.
'If you're cross-examining an academic witness, you have to look at their publications. Those years were the ARAE: the American Research Assessment Exercise. The more articles published by academic staff in the ARAE, the more money comes to their university and the more money those nerds take home. During those years everybody writes like crazy, and probably reasonable academics write crap things they would not dream of writing ordinarily. Writing for volume does not promote good theories, and pretty soon they're writing papers on fairies and UFOs. Back then, articles meant cash. So, if there's anything out there that will give us something on [him] that's where we'll find it.'
Steve Cavanagh (2016) The defense, NY, Flatiron Books, p51
And there was, and they did, and attacked the credibility of the witness to distract from the credibility of his evidence. Successfully.
There is, by the way, no such thing as the ARAE. It was, after all, a work of fiction, but bearing an uncanny resemblance to reality. The author's details give no obvious connection to a background in higher education.
Categories: And Finally | Tags: equality, gender based pay, holiday reading | Permalink.
How many Eleanors can you name? Roosevelt, Marx, Bron, Aquitaine, Rigby…add your own. Why am I asking this? Because it is a new metric for widening access. The recent issue of People Management, the journal of CIPD, reports that in 2014 the University of Oxford admitted more girls named Eleanor than students who had received free school meals. Those who were taught at private schools were 55% more likely to go to Oxbridge than student who received free school meals. Those two universities have even reduced the proportion of students they admitted who came from lower socio-economic groups in the decade from 2004=5, from 13.3% to 10% at Oxford and from 12.4% to 10.2% at Cambridge. Other Russell Group universities also recorded a fall, according to HESA data. So, second question: how many people do you know who have had free school meals or whose children have had? Not a visible/audible characteristic: they do not wear wristlet identifiers. But your university planning office will have the stats if you want to check its record. Continue reading →
Categories: Access and Widening Participation, And Finally, Research | Tags: Free school meals, REF, Widening Participation | Permalink.
Post election, Post budget: The shifting landscape of Higher Education in the UK
It says something about the Guardian and its reader profile when it builds a crossword round knowing the names of the chancellors of Russell Group universities, as it did on 27 June. I also liked its headline the previous day: 'New dinosaur found in university store cupboard'. It has now been re-united with older colleagues in the department of economics.
My serious considerations here concern the post-election agenda – what I called Jo-Jo's in-tray issues in a recent workshop at Coventry (to where/whom, congratulations on their Guardian league table ranking on student views on teaching quality: second only to Cambridge, and, more importantly, above Warwick). That system level policy focus will be balanced by treatment of emergent concerns at institutional level in a later piece.
The most immediate issue is a cut of £450m in the DBIS budget, which may be followed by further longer-term cuts as the failed austerity project continues. Nick Hillman at Coventry suggested an easy step was to convert grants to loans, which reduces the deficit but still increases the debt. I am writing before the budget, but I expect a loosening of fee limits, not ruled out during the election and possibly linked to teaching excellence, with high scorers being allowed to increase fees, as UUK want. Then there will be the sale of further tranches of the loan book, possibly to universities for their own alumni. Research Fortnight expects science to be protected Continue reading →
Categories: And Finally, Government & Higher Education Policy | Tags: Budgets, HE Policy, Higher Education Act, student loans, Teaching Excellenece Framework | Permalink.
The REF: Digging beyond the headlines
Recent headlines on the Research Excellence Framework (REF) were a bit over the top when the scores are scrutinised closely, particularly in Education, as detailed in my earlier blog post back in February. So, I won't take long, but want to add to what I said then to emphasise the impact of the three elements of scoring and the discontinuities between exercises. Andrew Pollard, chair of the Education panel, concentrates on 'research activity' in his comment on the BERA website, where 30 percent was at 4* level. However, output had only 21.7 per cent at that level; the scores were boosted by scores of over 40 per cent for impact and environment.
If you look hard you can find a breakdown of scores by element for 2008, and these show how things have changed. For environment, in 2008, 5 units scored 50 per cent or higher at 4*, with a top score of 75 per cent; 19 scored 50 per cent or more when 3* and 4* are combined. This time, at 4* 18 units scored 50 per cent or more and 8 scored 100 per cent. Combining 3* and 4* shows that 52 units scored more than 50 per cent with 23 scoring 100 per cent across those top two levels. That grade inflation suggests either considerable investment for development or less demanding criteria.
On impact there is no precedent. In 2008 the third element was esteem indicators, where the top score for 4* was 40 per cent, by only two units, with a further 10 getting 30 per cent. For impact in 2014, 13 units scored more than 50 per cent – well above the highest score for esteem. Perhaps we judged our peer academics more harshly than users of research did. Or, perhaps, they were less obsessed with long term, large scale, statistical studies using big data sets which successive panels have set as the acme of quality work, and more concerned with 'did it make a difference?' Continue reading →
Categories: And Finally, Research | Tags: Ian McNay, REF Education, REF headlines, Research Excellence Framework | Permalink.