text:
\section{Introduction}
A promising candidate for solid-state quantum computation
is the phosphorus-doped silicon. This semiconductor material is the
backbone of microelectronic technology. In order for this architecture
to be useful for quantum information processing, the positions of the
phosphorus dopants in silicon must be controlled by utilizing, for
example, a scanning tunneling microscope
(STM)~\cite{1994,1996,surfSci,electronics,clark}. The STM can be
used to create many identical arrays of phosphorus atoms on
the surface of silicon. A large number of such arrays is required
for the detection of the qubit states. The long decoherence time of the nuclear
spins of the phosphorus donors in silicon makes this quantum computer
attractive for quantum information processing.

Kane~\cite{Kane} proposed using nanoscale electronic gates to
control the qubits. This technique has not yet been
experimentally realized, so in
this paper we consider a different architecture. In our approach,
the exchange interaction between qubits is constant, and selective
interactions are realized through the use of a magnetic field
gradient and both microwave and radio-frequency pulses. Measurement
can be implemented using optical techniques similar to those used in
Refs.~\cite{optical1,optical2,optical3}.

Each phosphorus atom has a nuclear spin 1/2 and an electron spin 1/2.
There is a hyperfine interaction between both spins. The information
is stored in the states of the nuclear spins. The interaction between
the nuclear spins of neighboring phosphorus atoms is mediated by
electron spins coupled to each other by the exchange interaction.  The
advantage of an architecture based on controlled phosphorus
impurities in silicon are the potential scalability and the possibility of
using advanced silicon-based semiconductor technology in the
quantum computer design.

The typical size of an STM tip is larger than the lattice constant
of silicon. Consequently, the phosphorus atoms in the lattice can be
shifted from their prescribed locations by 1-4 lattice sites.
Errors are generated because the Larmor frequencies of the displaced
spins  and the exchange interaction constant are modified. In this
paper, this error is estimated analytically and calculated
numerically for the protocol required to polarize the nuclear spins
and for Controlled NOT gate between the electron spins of neighboring
phosphorus atoms. If realized experimentally, each qubit chain in
the first quantum silicon-based quantum computer
will possibly contain the minimum
number (two) of coupled qubits required to demonstrate basic
principles of quantum computation in semiconductors. Hence, we
specialize in this paper to the case of two phosphorus atoms in a
chain. The unwanted displacements of the qubits seem to be
inevitable in the quantum computer architecture. Therefore, our results are
important for evaluating the possibility of constructing a working
silicon-based quantum computer.

\section{Hamiltonian}
A schematic illustration of the system under consideration is given
by Fig.~\ref{reffig:fig1}. If the qubits in each chain are placed at a
separation of $\sim$ 35 nm from each other, the nuclear-nuclear
($\sim 3.5\times 10^{-4}$ Hz),
nuclear-electron ($\sim 0.65$ Hz),
and electron-electron ($\sim 1.2$ kHz) dipole-dipole interactions
are small compared to the electron-electron exchange interaction
($\sim 2$ MHz), so
that one can neglect the dipole-dipole interactions.
Since the relaxation time for the electron spins at
temperatures of 1-7 K is relatively short (0.6-60 ms at 7
K~\cite{T_c}), the quantum information must be stored in the states
of the nuclear spins. Because the nuclear spins do not interact
directly, electron spins can be used to mediate the nuclear-nuclear
interactions. In this setup, the electron spins must be coherent
only during the relatively short time of implementation of the quantum
logic gate, such as a Controlled-NOT gate on a particular pair of qubits.
The coupled electron spins of the neighboring phosphorus atoms
serve as the static ``quantum bus'' which transfers the interaction between
nearest-neighbor and distant nuclear spins in a chain with more than two
phosphorus atoms. In a similar technique ``flying'' qubits represented
by photons has been proposed to mediate the qubit-qubit
interaction between
trapped ions~\cite{obus1,obus2,obus3,obus4,obus5,obus6,obus7}.
\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=10cm,height=8cm,clip=]{fig1}
\vspace{-4mm}
\caption{A schematic illustration of two phosphorus atoms placed
in a permanent magnetic field. The electron spins $\vec S_1$ and
$\vec S_2$ (large arrows) of the neighboring atoms
interact with each other via the exchange interaction
and the nuclear spins $\vec I_1$ and
$\vec I_2$ (small arrows) interact with the electron spins
through the hyperfine interactions.}
\label{reffig:fig1}
\end{figure}

The Hamiltonian is
\begin{equation}
\label{H}
\hat H=\hat H^0+\hat V(t),
\end{equation}
where $\hat H^0$ is the unperturbed Hamiltonian of the
system shown in Fig.~\ref{reffig:fig1} and $\hat V(t)$ is the
time-dependent field describing rectangular radio-frequency
pulses used to implement quantum logic gates.
The Hamiltonian $\hat H^0$ is
\begin{equation}
\label{H0} \hat H^0=\gamma_e B_1^z\hat S_1^z+\gamma_e B_2^z\hat
S_2^z- \gamma_n B_1^z\hat I_1^z-\gamma_n B_2^z\hat I_2^z+
A\left(\hat{\vec S}_1\hat{\vec I}_1+\hat{\vec S}_2\hat{\vec
I}_2\right)+ J\hat{\vec S}_1\hat{\vec S_2},
\end{equation}
where $\hat{\vec I}_k$ and $\hat{\vec S}_k$ are the spin operators
of, respectively, the $k$th nuclear and electron spins, $k=1,2$; $\hat
I_k^z$ and $\hat S_k^z$ are the projections of these operators on
the $z$ axis; $\gamma_e$ and $\gamma_n$ are, respectively, the
magnitudes of the electron and nuclear gyromagnetic ratios; $B_k^0$
is the permanent magnetic field at the location of the $k$th spin;
$A$ and $J$ are, respectively, the hyperfine and exchange
interaction constants.

We utilized perturbation theory to calculate the
eigenvalues $E_i$, $i=0,1,\dots,15$ of the Hamiltonian $\hat H^0$ which are
given in Appendix~\cite{xxx}. In spite of the fact that our system
allows exact analytical calculation of $E_i$, we prefer to use a perturbation
approach because this technique allows us to separate the most important
contributions $E_i^{(0)}$ to $E_i$ from the less important
and to use relatively simple expressions for the eigenvalues to
analyze the dynamical properties of this system. The small corrections
$E_i^{(2)}$ are useful for calculating the parameters of the
pulses in numerical simulations. The eigenvalues $E_i$, $i=1,2\dots,14$
are calculated with an accuracy of $\xi^2(A/2)/(2\pi)\approx 23$ Hz,
where
$$
\xi={A\over 2\gamma_e b}\approx 6\times 10^{-4}.
$$
Here we assume $b=(B_1^0+B_2^0)/2=3.3$ T,
so that  $\gamma_eb/(2\pi)=92.5$ GHz, $\gamma_e/(2\pi)=28.025$ GHz/T,
$A/(2\pi)=117.53$ MHz~\cite{feher}.

The basis states are
\begin{equation}
\label{basis}
|n_2e_2e_1n_1\rangle,
\end{equation}
where the electron spin $e_i$ and nuclear spin $n_i$ of the $i$th
phosphorus atom, $i=1,2$, can assume the values 0 and 1; the state
$|0\rangle$ corresponds to the orientation of the spin along the
direction of the permanent external magnetic field and the state
$|1\rangle$ corresponds to the opposite direction. The state
$|0000\rangle$ (which is not the ground state) has energy $E_0$,
the state $|0001\rangle$ has energy $E_1$, etc. In the spin chain
(\ref{basis}) there are interactions only between the neighboring
spins, so this kind of spin ordering is convenient for the analysis
of conditional quantum logic gates.

The basis states (\ref{basis}) are not the eigenstates of the
Hamiltonian $\hat H_0$ because of the (off-diagonal) terms
$AI^x_kS^x_k$, $AI^y_kS^y_k$, $k=1,2$, and $JS^x_1S^x_2$,
$JS^y_1S^y_2$. However, the eigenfunctions approximately coincide
with the basis states~(\ref{basis}) if the conditions
\begin{equation}
\label{epsilon}
\epsilon={J\over 2\gamma_e(B_2^z-B_1^z)}\ll 1,~~~
\epsilon^\prime={J\over |2\gamma_e(B_2^z-B_1^z)-A|}\ll 1,~~~
\xi\ll 1
\end{equation}
are satisfied~\cite{xxx}. The unwanted changes (errors)
in the wave function due to the influence of the off-diagonal terms
are of the order of $\epsilon$ or $\epsilon^\prime$ or $\xi$.

\section{Implementation of quantum logic gates}
The time-dependent magnetic field has the following components:
\begin{equation}
\label{B1t}
\vec B^1(t)=B^1(\cos(\nu t+\varphi),-\sin(\nu t+\varphi),0),
\end{equation}
where $B^1$, $\nu$, and $\varphi$ are, respectively, the amplitude,
frequency and phase of the pulse, and $t$ is time. The frequency $\nu$
can assume both positive and negative values~\cite{xxx}.
The time-dependent term in the Hamiltonian has the form
$$
\hat V(t)=\left[{\Omega_e^0\over 2}\left(\hat S_1^-+\hat S_2^-\right)-
{\Omega_n^0\over 2}\left(\hat I_1^-+\hat I_2^-\right)\right]e^{-i(\nu
t+\varphi)}+
$$
\begin{equation}
\label{Vt}
\left[{\Omega_e^0\over 2}\left(\hat S_1^++\hat S_2^+\right)-
{\Omega_n^0\over 2}\left(\hat I_1^++\hat I_2^+\right)\right]e^{i(\nu
t+\varphi)},
\end{equation}
where $\Omega_e^0=\gamma_e B^1$ and $\Omega_n^0=\gamma_n B^1$.

We will consider the following three basic kinds of
quantum gates: a Controlled NOT gate with the control nuclear spin and
the target electron spin of the same phosphorus atom, a Controlled NOT
gate with the control electron spin and the target nuclear spin, and
a Controlled NOT gate between the neighboring electron spins. We now
briefly describe the procedure for calculating the optimal parameters of the
pulses required to implement these gates. (For a detailed analysis
see Ref.~\cite{xxx}.) Assume that the direction of the $k$th spin in
the state $|p\rangle$ is along the direction of the permanent
magnetic field $\vec B^0_k$, $k=1,2$
(i.e. $|p\rangle=|\cdots 0_k\cdots\rangle$)
and the state $|q\rangle=|\cdots 1_k\cdots\rangle$ is related to the state
$|p\rangle$ by a flip of the $k$th spin.
In order to flip the $k$th
spin in the state $|p\rangle$ or in the state $|q\rangle$, the
frequency $\nu$ and the time-duration $\tau$ of the rectangular
pulse must satisfy the conditions
\begin{equation}
\label{nu_tau}
\nu=E_q-E_p,~~~\tau={\Omega\over\pi},
\end{equation}
where $\Omega$ is the Rabi frequency of the pulse.

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=9cm,height=5cm,clip=]{transitions}
\vspace{-4mm}
\caption{A schematic illustration of the energy levels ivolved in
implementation of a Controlled-NOT gate. The frequency
$\nu$ is the frequency of the pulse.}
\label{reffig:transitions}
\end{figure}

Assume that we wish to suppress the transition
$|p^\prime\rangle\leftrightarrow|q^\prime\rangle$, where
the $k$th spin in the state $|p^\prime\rangle$
is along the direction of the permanent magnetic field $\vec B^0_k$
and the state $|q^\prime\rangle$ is related to the state $|p^\prime\rangle$
by a flip of the $k$th spin; $|p\rangle\ne |p^\prime\rangle$ and
$|q\rangle\ne |q^\prime\rangle$. A schematic illustration of the involved
energy levels and transitions is shown in Fig.~\ref{reffig:transitions}.
The Rabi frequency of the pulse
must satisfy the $2\pi K$-condition~\cite{book,book1}
\begin{equation}
\label{Omega_e}
\Omega={|\Delta|\over\sqrt{4K^2-1}},
\end{equation}
where $K=1,2,\dots$ is an integer number,
$\Omega=\Omega_e$ for an electron spin and
$\Omega=\Omega_n$ for a nuclear spin, and
\begin{equation}
\label{Delta_b}
\Delta=E_{q^\prime}-E_{p^\prime}-\nu.
\end{equation}
The probability of transition generated by the pulse with the Rabi frequency
$\Omega$ and detuning $\Delta$ is~\cite{book,book1}
\begin{equation}
\label{R}
R={\Omega^2\over \lambda^2}
\sin^2\left({\pi\lambda\over 2\Omega}\right),
\end{equation}
where $\lambda=\sqrt{\Omega^2+\Delta^2}$. We have $R=1$ for
$\Delta=0$ and $R=0$ if $\Omega$ satisfies Eq.~(\ref{Omega_e}).
These two conditions allow one to implement the Controlled
NOT gate as indicated in Fig.~\ref{reffig:transitions}.

\section{$J$ as a function of the distance between the qubits}
A simple approximation of the exchange interaction adequate for
our purposes is given by the Herring-Flicker
formula~\cite{Kane,HerringFlicker}
\begin{equation}
\label{J}
J=1.642{e^2\over \kappa a_{\rm B}}\left({a\over a_{\rm B}}\right)^{5/2}
\exp\left(-{2a\over a_{\rm B}}\right),
\end{equation}
where $e$ is the electron charge, $\kappa=11.9$ is the
dielectric constant of silicon,
and $a$ is the distance between the qubits. The effective
Bohr radius is
\begin{equation}
\label{aB} a_{\rm B}=\kappa{M\over M^*}a_{\rm B}^0\approx
33.14~\text{\AA},
\end{equation}
where $a_{\rm B}^0\approx 0.5292$~\AA~is the Bohr radius, $M$ is the
electron mass, $M^*=0.19M$ is the effective electron mass.
In Eq.~(\ref{J}), $a=Na_0$ where $N-1$ is the number
of interstitial silicon
atoms between the two phosphorus atoms serving as qubits
and $a_0=7.68$~\AA. We assume that the qubits are placed on the (100)
surface of silicon and the direction of the permanent magnetic field is
perpendicular to this surface.
In Table I we show the values of $J/(2\pi)$
for different $N$ calculated using Eq.~(\ref{J}).
The controlled separation between the qubits can be varied by changing $N$.
In this paper we assume that the predefined spacing
(desired spacing without unwanted displacements) is
$N_0=47$, so that the predefined
exchange interaction constant is $J_0/(2\pi)=1.97$ MHz.

\begin{table}[th]
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}\hline
\label{table1}
$N$&40&41&42&43&44&45&46&47&48&49&50&51\\
$a$ (nm)& 30.72 & 31.49 & 32.26 & 33.02 & 33.79 & 34.56 & 35.33 &
36.10 & 36.86 & 37.63 & 38.40 & 39.17\\
$J/(2\pi)$ (MHz)&~33.75~&~22.58~&~15.09~&~10.07~&
~6.71~&~4.465~&~2.97~&~1.97~&~1.306~&~0.865~&~0.573~&~0.37855
\\  \hline
\end{tabular}
\caption{The distance $a$ between the
neighboring phosphorus atoms and the
exchange interaction constant
$J/(2\pi)$ for different $N$, where
$N-1$ is the number of interstitial silicon atoms.}
\end{table}

\section{Controlled NOT gates between the electron and nuclear spins}
We now derive the pulse parameters of four pulses required to
initialize the nuclear spins. Each pulse implements
one logical gate. The gates are~\cite{xxx}
\begin{equation}
\label{Initialization}
{\rm (a)}~{\rm CN_{n1,e1}},~~~{\rm (b)}~{\rm CN_{e1,n1}},~~~
{\rm (c)}~{\rm CN_{n2,e2}},~~~{\rm (d)}~{\rm CN_{e2,n2}},
\end{equation}
where CN$_{i,j}$ denotes a Controlled NOT gate, $i$ is the number
of the control
qubit and $j$ is number of the target qubit. The protocol~(\ref{Initialization})
includes also a delay time (of the order of 0.1 ms)
between pulses (b) and (c) and after the pulse (d).
During this time the electron spins relax to their ground states.
We assume that the relaxing electron spins do not influence
the corresponding nuclear spins~\cite{xxx}.

In order to calculate the energies and resonant frequencies
we will use the following parameters:
$$
{J/2\over 2\pi}=0.985~{\rm~MHz},~~~
{A/2\over 2\pi}=58.765~{\rm~MHz},~~~
{\gamma_e b\over 2\pi}=92.48~{\rm~GHz},~~~
{\gamma_n b\over 2\pi}=56.93~{\rm~MHz},
$$
\begin{equation}
\label{parameters}
{\gamma_e \delta B\over 2\pi}=65.76~{\rm~MHz},~~~
{\gamma_n \delta B\over 2\pi}=40.48~{\rm~kHz},
\end{equation}
where $\delta B=(B_2-B_1)/2$.
Here we assume $b=3.3$ T, $\gamma_n/(2\pi)=17.25144$ MHz/T,
the magnetic field gradient is $1.3\times10^5$ T/m,
and from Table I we use $a=36.1$ nm.

We now calculate the parameters of the pulse implementing gate (a).
The resonant transition is
$|1101\rangle\leftrightarrow |1111\rangle$. The resonant frequency
for this transition is
\begin{equation}
\label{nul}
{\nu_1\over 2\pi}\approx{E_{15}-E_{13}^{(0)}\over 2\pi}={1\over 2\pi}\left[
-\gamma_e b+{A\over 2}+{J\over 2}+\sqrt{(\gamma_e\delta B)^2+J^2/4}\right]
=-92.35~{\rm GHz}.
\end{equation}
The near-resonant transition to be suppressed is
$|1100\rangle\leftrightarrow |1110\rangle$. The detuning for this
transition is
$$
{\Delta_1\over 2\pi}\approx{E_{14}^{(0)}-E_{12}^{(0)}-\nu_1\over 2\pi}=
$$
\begin{equation}
\label{Delta1}
{1\over 2\pi}\left[\sqrt{(\gamma_e\delta B-A/2)^2+J^2/4}-
\sqrt{(\gamma_e\delta B)^2+J^2/4}-{A\over 2}\right]=-117.47~{\rm MHz}.
\end{equation}
In order to suppress the near-resonant transition with the detuning
$\Delta_i$ the Rabi frequency of the pulse must satisfy the $2\pi K$
condition
\begin{equation}
\label{OmegaI}
{\Omega_i\over 2\pi}=
{|\Delta_i|\over 2\pi\sqrt{4K^2-1}},
\end{equation}
where $K$ is an integer number and $i$ is the pulse number.
For the first pulse with $\Delta_1$
given by Eq.~(\ref{Delta1}) and for $K=K_e=1$, we have
\begin{equation}
\label{Omega1}
{\Omega_1\over 2\pi}={|\Delta_1|\over 2\pi\sqrt{3}}=67.82~{\rm MHz}.
\end{equation}

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=12cm,height=8cm]{fig2}
\vspace{-4mm}
\caption{A schematic illustration of an ideal qubit chain (upper part)
and a qubit chain with a displaced qubit (lower part).}
\label{reffig:fig2}
\end{figure}

There are three sources of errors in our model: (i) nonresonant
excitations, (ii) off-diagonal components of the exchange and hyperfine interactions, and (iii) qubit displacements. The error in the probability amplitude
due to the nonresonant transitions is proportional to the ratio~\cite{PR02}
\begin{equation}
\label{mu}
\mu={\Omega\over 2|\delta\omega|},
\end{equation}
where $\delta\omega$ is the difference
between the frequency corresponding to the nonresonant transition and
the frequency of the pulse.

The order of magnitude of the error generated by a single pulse
acting on an electron spin
can be estimated by adding probability errors generated due to all three
mechanisms (i)-(iii),
\begin{equation}
\label{P}
P=1-R+\epsilon^2+\mu^2,
\end{equation}
where $\epsilon$, $R$, and $\mu$ are given by Eqs.~(\ref{epsilon}), (\ref{R}),
and (\ref{mu}).

We now analytically estimate the error generated by the first pulse
due to the displacement of the first phosphorus atom using
Eq.~(\ref{R}). This displacement introduces an unwanted change in
the Larmor frequency of the first qubit and the correction $dJ$ to the
exchange interaction constant $J$. Let qubit 1 be displaced in the
negative $x$ direction by one lattice site as shown in
Fig.~\ref{reffig:fig2}. From Table I we find
\begin{equation}
\label{dJ}
{dJ\over 2\pi}=1.306~{\rm MHz} -1.97~{\rm MHz}=-0.664~{\rm MHz}.
\end{equation}
The permanent magnetic field
at the location of the first qubits is $B_1^0-dB$, where
\begin{equation}
\label{dB}
dB={B_2^0-B_1^0\over N}\approx  9.985\times10^{-5}~{\rm T}.
\end{equation}
From Eq.~(\ref{nul}) we have
$$
\nu_1\approx -\gamma_eB_1^0+{A\over 2}+{J\over 2},
$$
so that the unwanted detuning is
\begin{equation}
\label{Delta_primeI}
{\Delta_1^\prime(m=-1)\over 2\pi}\approx {1\over 2\pi}
\left(\gamma_edB +{\delta J\over 2}\right)
=2.466~{\rm MHz},
\end{equation}
where $\gamma_edB/(2\pi)=2.798$ MHz and
we used Eqs.~(\ref{dJ}) and (\ref{dB}).
If we put $\Delta^\prime_1$ instead of $\Delta$ and $\Omega_1$
instead of $\Omega$ in Eq.~(\ref{R}) we find the probability error $1-R$
due to the unwanted qubit displacement.

For displacement in the opposite direction with $m=1$
\begin{equation}
\label{Delta_primeIl}
{\Delta_1^\prime(m=1)\over 2\pi}\approx {1\over 2\pi}\left(-\gamma_edB +
{\delta J^\prime\over 2}\right)=-1.8~{\rm MHz},
\end{equation}
where $\delta J^\prime/(2\pi)=1$ MHz (see Table I). Since
$|\Delta_1^\prime(m=1)|<|\Delta_1^\prime(m=-1)|$,
the error $P_1$ for the displacement in the negative direction along
the $x$ axis is larger than the error for displacement in the positive
direction because $1-R$ in Eq.~(\ref{P}) increases with $|\Delta_1^\prime|$
increasing.

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=10cm,height=8cm]{pulse1}
\vspace{-4mm}
\caption{Probability error $P_1$ generated by gate (a) in
Eq.~(\ref{Initialization}) as a function of displacement $m$ of the first
phosphorus atom for four values of $K_e$.}
\label{reffig:P1}
\end{figure}

In Fig.~\ref{reffig:P1} we plot the error $P_1$ for the
transition $|1101\rangle\rightarrow|1111\rangle$ generated by the
first pulse for the chain with displaced qubit 1
as a function of the qubit displacement $m$ along
the $x$ axis. This plot is asymmetric
with respect to $m=0$ which follows from the
analysis presented in the previous paragraph.
The data are obtained by utilizing the eigenfunctions
of full Hamiltonian in the rotating frame. (For a description of the numerical
solution see Ref.~\cite{xxx}.) The parameters of the pulses in our
numerical simulations are calculated analytically using the
eigenvalues from the Appendix. In the figure, $m$ is the number
of lattice sites for a displaced qubit, so that the displacement is
$ma_0$, $m=-4,-3,\dots,4$. Our simulations (not presented here) show
that this and other pulses generate the maximum error in situation when
the ``active'' qubit to be flipped is displaced and the error is smaller
when the neighboring qubit is displaced.

Since $|\Delta^\prime_1|\ll \Omega_1$
[see Eqs.~(\ref{Omega1}), (\ref{Delta_primeI}), and (\ref{Delta_primeIl})]
the error $P_1$ is relatively small small. (Here and below we assume that
the error $P$ is small if $P\ll 1$.)
The smallness of the error generated by the first pulse is due to
(a) the neighboring phosphorus atoms being located relatively far from
each other;
(b) the electron Rabi frequency being relatively large, and (c) the exchange
interaction constant $A$, responsible for the Controlled NOT gate,
not being modified by the displacements of the phosphorus atoms.

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=10cm,height=8cm]{k4}
\vspace{-4mm}
\caption{Probability error $P_1$ generated by by gate (a) in
Eq.~(\ref{Initialization}) as a function of displacement $m$ of the first
phosphorus atom along the $x$ axis for $K_e=2$.
The estimate is calculated using Eq.~(\ref{P}).}
\label{reffig:k4}
\end{figure}

From Fig.~\ref{reffig:P1}, one can see that the error increases
as $|m|$ increases. As follows from this figure, the
probability error becomes more sensitive to the qubit displacement
when $K_e$ becomes relatively large and the Rabi frequency becomes
relatively small. In Fig.~\ref{reffig:k4} the probability error
estimate (\ref{P}) is compared with the results of the numerical solution.
One can see that our estimate is satisfactory and supports the
approach taken. The asymmetry of the plot in Fig.~\ref{reffig:k4}
with respect to $m=0$ is of the same origin as that in Fig.~\ref{reffig:P1}
discussed before.

We now estimate the error associated with a flip of the first nuclear spin
in the situation when the first phosphorus atom is shifted from its ideal
position to $m=-1$.
We first calculate the pulse parameters. The resonant transition is
$|1111\rangle\leftrightarrow |1110\rangle$. The frequency of this transition is
\begin{equation}
\label{nu2}
{\nu_2\over 2\pi}\approx{E_{15}-E_{14}^{(0)}\over 2\pi}={1\over 2\pi}\left(
\gamma_n b-\gamma_n \delta B + {A\over 2}\right)
=115.655~{\rm MHz}.
\end{equation}
The near-resonant transition to be suppressed is
$|1100\rangle\leftrightarrow |1101\rangle$. One can show that
the detuning for this transition is $\Delta_2=\Delta_1$, where
$\Delta_1$ is given by Eq.~(\ref{Delta1}).
The $2\pi K$ condition for the second pulse reads
\begin{equation}
\label{Omega2}
{\Omega_2\over 2\pi}=
{|\Delta_2|\over 2\pi\sqrt{4K_n^2-1}},
\end{equation}
where $K_n$ is an integer. In order to suppress the flip of
nuclear spin 2, the value of $\Omega_2$ must be much smaller than the
frequency difference associated with flip of the second nuclear
spin. The unwanted off-resonant transition is
$|0110\rangle\leftrightarrow|1110\rangle$. The detuning for this
transition is $\delta\omega=2\gamma_n\delta B$. From Eq.~(\ref{mu})
and for $\mu\ll 1$, we obtain the condition
\begin{equation}
\label{nuclearK1}
K_n\gg 363,
\end{equation}
or
$\Omega_2/(2\pi)\ll 162$ kHz.

We now calculate the error associated with displacement of the
first phosphorus atom for $m=-1$.
The corrections to the magnetic field is given
by Eq.~(\ref{dB}). The correction to
$\gamma_n\delta B/(2\pi)$ is 0.86 kHz and the correction to
$\gamma_n b/(2\pi)$ is -0.86 kHz. From Eq.~(\ref{nu2}) the unwanted
detuning from the resonance is
$$
{\Delta^\prime_2\over 2\pi}=-1.72~\text{ kHz}.
$$
From the condition $\Omega_2\gg |\Delta^\prime_2|$, we find
$\Omega_2\gg 1.3$ kHz, or
\begin{equation}
\label{nuclearK2}
K_n\ll 34,148.
\end{equation}
From Eqs.~(\ref{nuclearK1}) and (\ref{nuclearK2}), one can see that
it is possible to make both the errors due to the nonresonant
excitations and the errors due to the unwanted displacements small.

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=10cm,height=8cm]{pulse2}
\vspace{-4mm}
\caption{The probability error $P_2$ generated by the second pulse
on the first nuclear spin as a function of displacement $m$ of the first
phosphorus atom along the $x$ axis for five
values of $K_n$. The data are obtained by numerical
solution of the full Hamiltonian~(\ref{H}).}
\label{reffig:pulse2}
\end{figure}

In Fig.~\ref{reffig:pulse2} we plot the error as a function of
dimensionless displacement $m$ for four different values of $K_n$.
This plot has the same features as Fig.~\ref{reffig:P1}(a).
The probability error $P_2$ is independent of the direction of the
displacement because $P_2$ depends only on the magnitude of
the deviation of
magnetic field from the optimal value in the location of the qubit.
The error due to the deviation of $J$ from the optimal value $J_0$ does not
contribute to $P_2$ because the first nuclear spin does not directly interact
with the second electron spin and second nuclear spin.
Since the nuclear spins do not interact with each other
and electron and nuclear spins of different phosphorus atoms
do not interact with each other,
the displacement of the second phosphorus
atom practically does not affect the quantum logic
operations on the nuclear spin of the first atom.
This was also confirmed by our calculations (not presented here).
This result follows also from Eq.~(\ref{nu2}), where
$\nu_2=\gamma_nB_1^0+A/2$ is independent of $J$ and $B_2^0$.

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=10cm,height=8cm]{init}
\vspace{-4mm} \caption{The probability of error $P=1-|C_{15}(T)|^2$
generated by the initialization protocol as a function of $K_n$.
Each phosphorus atom in an ensemble of 10,000 spin pairs had the
probability $r_m$, $m=-4,-3,\dots,3,4$ to be displaced in a random
direction along the $x$ axis. For a perfect sample without
displacements $r_m=0$ (solid line), $K_e=1$. The data are obtained
by numerical solution of the full Hamiltonian~(\ref{H}).}
\label{reffig:init}
\end{figure}

\section{Error in the initialization algorithm}
We have analyzed the errors generated by the first and second
pulses. The errors generated by the third and fourth pulses [pulses (c)
and (d) in Eq.~(\ref{Initialization})] are of the same order of magnitude.
As follows from these results, one can make the error relatively small
and polarize (initialize) the nuclear spins
even in the situation when the phosphorus atoms
are displaced from their prescribed locations in the chains.
To illustrate this feature we modeled the initialization protocol
on an ensemble of 10,000 noninteracting spin chains. Each chain
consisted of two phosphorus atoms. The initial state
for each chain was the superposition
$$
C_6(0)|0110\rangle+C_7(0)|0111\rangle
+C_{14}(0)|1110\rangle+C_{15}(0)|1111\rangle
$$
with randomly chosen normalized complex coefficients $C_i(t)$,
$i=6,7,14,15$. The probability of error, $P=1-|C_{15}(T)|^2$, where $T$
is the time of implementation of the initialization algorithm,
as a function of $K_n$ is presented in Fig.~\ref{reffig:init}. We
calculated three situations. In the first situation each phosphorus atom
in the ensemble had the probability $r_m=(1/2)^{|m|+1}$,
$m=-4,-3,\dots,3,4$ to be displaced in a random direction along the
$x$ axis (filled circles in Fig.~\ref{reffig:init}). In the second
situation the probability of displacement is $r_m=(1/2)^{|m|+2}$
which corresponds to a sample of higher quality. For comparison,
for the third situation we
plot $P$ for a perfect sample without displacements ($r_m=0$). The
data in Fig.~\ref{reffig:init} are averaged over 40 realizations
with different initial conditions and different sets of random
displacements. The size of the error bars is of the order of the
size of the symbols. The Rabi frequencies corresponding to different
values of $K_n$ can be obtained from Eq.~(\ref{Omega2}) with
$|\Delta_2|/(2\pi)\approx|\Delta_4|/(2\pi)\approx 117.5$ MHz. If
$K_n$ assumes the values in the interval from 700 to 10,000, the
magnitudes of $\Omega_2$ and $\Omega_4$ vary in the interval from 84
kHz to 5.9 kHz.

As follows from Fig. 6, when $K_n$ is relatively small (and the Rabi
frequency is relatively large) the error is mostly determined by the
off-resonant excitations and only slightly depends on the quality of the
sample. For relatively large values of $K_n$ (and small Rabi
frequencies) the error is smaller for better samples with smaller
number of displacements.

\section{Controlled NOT gate between electron spins}
As follows from the results presented above, one can  make the error
in the Controlled NOT gates between the nuclear and electron spins of the
same phosphorus to be relatively
small because the coupling constant $A$ responsible for the
Controlled NOT gates is not modified by the displacements.
Now we will consider the error generated by the Controlled NOT gate
between the electron spins
of the neighboring phosphorus atoms. One can expect this error
to be relatively large because a displacement modifies the
coupling constant $J$ which is the key parameter for this gate.

The detuning is $|\Delta_e|\approx J$, so that the Rabi frequency is equal to
\begin{equation}
\label{Omega7}
\Omega_e={|\Delta_e|\over \sqrt{4{K_e^\prime}^2-1}}\approx
{J\over \sqrt{4{K_e^\prime}^2-1}},
\end{equation}
where $K_e^\prime=1,2,\dots$ is an integer number. From Eq.~(\ref{J})
we can find the modification $\delta J=J-J_0$ from the ``ideal'' value $J_0$
due to the displacement $a_0m=7.68m$~\AA,
$$
\delta J\approx J_0\left[{5m\over 2N}+e^{2a_0m/a_{\rm B}}-1\right].
$$
For $N=47$ and $a_B=33.14$~\AA,~we obtain
$$
{\delta J/ J_0}=0.4103m+0.1082m^2+0.0166m^3+0.0019m^4+\dots.
$$
For the minimum possible displacement with $m=-1$, we have
$\delta J/J_0\approx -0.32$ which can be verified from data in Table I.

The unwanted modification of the Rabi frequency (\ref{Omega7})
caused by the displacement is
\begin{equation}
\label{deltaOmega_e}
\delta\Omega_e={\delta J\over \sqrt{4{K_e^\prime}^2-1}}=-0.32\Omega_e.
\end{equation}
The error is small if two conditions are satisfied: (i)
$|\delta\Omega_e|\ll\Omega_e$ and (ii) modulus of the unwanted
detuning $|\Delta^\prime_e|$ is small, $|\Delta^\prime_e|\ll
\Omega_e$. One can show that the unwanted detuning from the
resonance caused by the displacement is
$|\Delta^\prime_e|\approx\delta J/2$, so that both conditions (i)
and (ii) cannot be satisfied by any choice of parameters of the
system and the error is large. We checked this result numerically
and determined that the error $P_e$ is close to unity for $|m|\ne 0$
and $|P_e|\sim 10^{-4}$ to $10^{-3}$ for $m=0$.

We now estimate the error
if one qubit is displaced in a spin chain with more than two phosphorus atoms.
The presented above analysis is valid for the edge qubits of this chain.
Consider, for example, the state
$|\cdots 1_{k+1}1_{k}1_{k-1}\cdots\rangle$
formed by coupled electron spins. (Here we do not indicate the states
of the nuclear spins.) If the the $k$th atom is not displaced, then the
frequency resonant for the transition of the $k$th qubit is
\begin{equation}
\label{nue}
{\nu_e\over 2\pi}={1\over 2\pi}\left({J_0\over 2}+{J_0\over 2}+\dots\right)
={J_0\over 2\pi}+\dots,
\end{equation}
where $J_0/(2\pi)=1.97$ MHz.
If the $k$th qubit is displaced
in any direction along the chain by one lattice cite then instead of
the term $J_0/(2\pi)$
in the right-hand side of Eq.~(\ref{nue}) we have from Table I
$$
{1\over 2\pi}\left[{J(m=1)\over 2}+{J(m=-1)\over 2}\right]=2.14~\rm{MHz},
$$
so that the unwanted detuning from the resonance is
\begin{equation}
\label{CNee1}
\Delta_e^\prime=0.086J_0.
\end{equation}
From Eq.~(\ref{Omega7}) for $K_e^\prime=1$, we obtain
\begin{equation}
\label{CNee2}
\Omega_e={J_0\over \sqrt{3}}\approx 0.58J_0
\end{equation}
From Eqs.~(\ref{CNee1}) and (\ref{CNee2}) one can see that the
unwanted detuning is relatively small $|\Delta_e^\prime|\ll \Omega_e$
and condition (ii) is satisfied. One can show that this condition is
not satisfied for the transitions
$|\cdots 1_{k+1}1_{k}0_{k-1}\cdots\rangle
\leftrightarrow|1_{k+1}0_{k}0_{k-1}\rangle$.
The deviation in Rabi frequency [condition (i)] is always relatively large.
For example, if the target $k$th qubit is displaced in the negative direction
(m=-1) and the $(k-1)$th qubit is the control qubit,
then $\delta\Omega_e$ is given by Eq.~(\ref{deltaOmega_e})
and condition $|\delta\Omega_e|\ll\Omega_e$ is not satisfied,
so that the Controlled NOT gate between the displaced electron
spins generate large error.

Presented here analysis demonstrate that the Controlled NOT gate
between the electron spins
cannot be performed on displaced qubits. If quantum
computation is implemented on an ensemble of many spin chains, the
errors can be small if the number of chains with displaced qubits is small.

In conclusion, we note that the problem of unwanted displacements appears
only in quantum computation performed
on an ensemble of spin chains. If one works
with one chain only, one can measure the positions of the phosphorus atoms
using a scanning tunneling microscope and optimize the parameters of the
pulses appropriately.

\section*{Acknowledgments}
We thank M. E. Hawley, G. W. Brown, and G. D. Doolen for useful
discussions.
This work was carried out under the auspices of the National Nuclear
Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy at Los
Alamos National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Great for live bands... or want something classically western like nachos, this is a good choice.
Hard Rock Cafe Bali, great atmosphere, great food, great service! The setup is so cool, the band was extremely great! Will be back.
Everything you would expect from a hard Rock Cafe. Delicious food, friendly and accommodating staff.
Is this a beach club? Can an outsider visit here if not staying there!
No, Hard Rock Cafe menu is not halal. They do have dishes without pork and also vegetarian dishes, the product supplier has a halal certificate, but there are also items in the menu containing pork.
is it a kids friendly place for a dinner option?


text:
About Travis Boak
Engage With Trav
Ask Trav
Travis Boak
Travis' energetic and professional nature allows him to connect with various organisations around the nation. Whether it's delivering a motivation talk, attending a community function or promoting a brand, Travis is able to engage with the intended audience in a very natural way.
Travis is available for the following:
Guest speaking roles
Motivation talks
Ambassador roles
Football clinics
For further information and booking enquiries, please contact Kathryn Cotsopoulos from Stride Sports Management on kathryn@stridesports.com.au
EverettBrookes Jewellers are very proud to have Travis Boak as our first Brand Ambassador. Travis is a natural leader and clearly an amazing talent on the field. Equally impressive is his work off the field with charities such as The Childhood Cancer Association. Travis began his collection of exclusive EverettBrookes watches with the iconic U-Boat for the 2014 AFL Brownlow Medal. He has since added to that with a SevenFriday and recently the effortlessly cool March La.B. We are very excited and honoured to partner with Travis and look forward to working with him. We can't think of a more worthy choice to represent EverettBrookes Jewellers. Mike Vasey, Marketing Manager, EverettBrookes
From my early association with Travis through the Port Adelaide Football Club, I automatically could see the quality of the young man and his wanting to be a leader in life, to contribute in the most effective way possible. Our relationship works on many levels from his personal development through to Travis being an ambassador of my foundation (Roger Rasheed Sports Foundation) which engages extreme disadvantaged kids. Travis has shown all the qualities that contribute to having an effect on peoples lives for the better- a infectious young man. Roger Rasheed, Founder & International Tennis Coach, Roger Rasheed Foundation
Travis (Boak) has been an ambassador for Tied Together since late 2014. During this time he has done a fantastic job of representing our brand and associated values. He is active on social media, and has built a large and loyal fan base across these platforms who are all engaged with his content. It's been a pleasure working with Travis to date and we look forward to a great partnership 2015. Will Bruce, CEO and Co-Founder, Tied Together
© 2014 Travis Boak & Stride Sports Management

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Connecticut Legal Last Will and Testament Form for Married Person with...
Connecticut Legal Last Will and Testament Form for Married Person with Adult Children from Prior Marriage
Connecticut Wills - Last Will and Testament - For Divorced People with Children
CT-WIL-0003
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Will, Living Will & Power of Attorney. Our Value Pack.
The Will you have found is for a married person with adult children from a prior marriage. It provides for the appointment of a personal representative or executor, designation of who will receive your property and other provisions. It also provides for provisions for the adult children.
This Will must be signed in the presence of two witnesses, not related to you or named in your Will. If your state has adopted a self-proving affidavit statute, a state specific self-proving affidavit is also included and requires the presence of a notary public to sign the Will.
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Connecticut Legal Last Will and Testament Form for Married Person with Adult Children from Prior Marriage Summary
All forms provided by US Legal Forms, the nations leading legal forms publisher. When you need a legal form, don't accept anything less than the USlegal™ brand. "The Forms Professionals Trust ™
Law Summary
Legal Last Will and Testament Form for Married Person with Adult Children from Prior Marriage
Note: This summary is not intended to be an all-inclusive discussion of the law of wills in Connecticut, but does contain basic and other information. This summary does not include a discussion of handwritten wills.
Who may make a will: Any person eighteen years of age or older, and of sound mind, may dispose of his estate by will. Sec. 45a-250. (Formerly Sec. 45-160).
Making and execution of wills: Wills executed outside the state. A will or codicil shall not be valid to pass any property unless it is in writing, subscribed by the testator and attested by two witnesses, each of them subscribing in the testator's presence; but any will executed according to the laws of the state or country where it was executed may be admitted to probate in this state and shall be effectual to pass any property of the testator situated in this state. Sec. 45a-251. (Formerly Sec. 45-161).
Revocation of a Will: A will or any part thereof is revoked: Except as provided by sections 45a-257a to 45a-257d, inclusive, a will or codicil shall not be revoked in any other manner except by burning, cancelling, tearing or obliterating it by the testator or by some person in the testator's presence by the testator's direction, or by a later will or codicil. Sec. 45a-257. (Formerly Sec. 45-162).
Share of estate of surviving spouse who married testator after making of will:
(a) If a testator fails to provide by will for the testator's surviving spouse who married the testator after the execution of the will, the surviving spouse shall receive the same share of the estate the surviving spouse would have received if the decedent left no will unless:
(1) It appears from the will that the omission was intentional; or (2) the testator provided for the spouse by transfer outside the will and the intent that the transfer be in lieu of a testamentary provision is shown by the testator's statements, or is reasonably inferred from the amount of the transfer or other evidence.
(b) In satisfying a share provided in subsection (a) of this section, devises and legacies made by the will abate in accordance with section 45a-426.
(c) A surviving spouse receiving a share under this section may not elect to take a statutory share under section 45a-436.
Share of estate of surviving children born or adopted after execution of will:
(a) Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, if a testator fails to provide in the testator's will for any of the testator's children born or adopted after the execution of the will, including any child who is born as a result of artificial insemination to which the testator has consented in accordance with subsection (b) of section 45a-772, the omitted after-born or after-adopted child receives a share in the estate as follows:
(1) If the testator had no child living when the testator executed the will, an omitted after-born or after-adopted child receives a share in the estate equal in value to that which the child would have received had the testator died intestate, unless the will devised or bequeathed all or substantially all of the estate to the other parent of the omitted child and that other parent survives the testator and is entitled to take under the will.
(2) If the testator had one or more children living when the testator executed the will, and the will devised or bequeathed property or an interest in property to one or more of the then-living children, an omitted after-born or after-adopted child is entitled to share in the testator's estate as follows:
(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (E) of this subdivision, the portion of the testator's estate in which the omitted after-born or after-adopted child is entitled to share is limited to devises and legacies made to the testator's then-living children under the will.
(B) The omitted after-born or after-adopted child is entitled to receive the share of the testator's estate, as limited in subparagraph (A) of this subdivision, that the child would have received had the testator included all omitted after-born and after-adopted children with the children to whom devises and legacies were made under the will and had given an equal share of the estate to each child.
(C) To the extent feasible, the interest granted an omitted after-born or after-adopted child under this section must be of the same character, whether equitable or legal, present or future, as that devised or bequeathed to the testator's then-living children under the will.
(D) In satisfying a share provided by this subdivision, devises and legacies to the testator's children who were living when the will was executed abate ratably. In the abatement of the devises and legacies of the then-living children, to the maximum extent possible the character of the testamentary plan adopted by the testator shall be preserved.
(E) If it appears from the will that the intention of the testator was to make a limited provision which specifically applied only to the testator's living children at the time the will was executed, the after-born or after-adopted child succeeds to the portion of such testator's estate as would have passed to such child had the testator died intestate.
(b) The provisions of subsection (a) of this section shall not apply if:
(1) It appears from the will that the omission was intentional; or
(2) The testator provided for the omitted after-born or after-adopted child by transfer outside the will and the intent that the transfer be in lieu of a testamentary provision is shown by the testator's statements or is reasonably inferred from the amount of the transfer or other evidence.
(c) If at the time of execution of the will the testator fails to provide in the will for a living child solely because the testator believes the child to be dead, the child is entitled to share in the estate as if the child were an omitted after-born or after-adopted child.
(d) In satisfying a share provided in subdivision (1) of subsection (b) of this section, devises and legacies made by the will abate in accordance with section 45a-426.


text:
Superman on the N64: Mike Matei's Heroic Playthrough Journey
Seemingly in an attempt to drive himself insane, the Angry Video Game Nerd's Mike Matei did the impossible.
He took on the legendarily awful Superman on the N64. But that's not a successful trip. If you've got a spare 10 hours, you can watch every horrific minute. But we really want to draw attention to part one.
Cinemassacre Plays Superman
For a catch up, Superman on the N64 is one of the worst games of all time. A lazy, cynical piece of nonsense rolled out under stressful production timelines.
And whilst the game was actually a hit (relying on its name only) it's gone down in history as a pile of bad stuff.
From the above clip, Matei struggles with the first proper level. Big time. And it gets worse. The game is legendary for its impossibly lazy "fly through rings" levels. But it does have proper missions as well.
And that's where the bugs kick in. We played, and abandoned, the title back circa 2007 after picking the game up for cheap on a trip to Amsterdam.
But we would not subject ourselves to a full playthrough. Ever.
So full credit to Matei. And refer to the clip above. For a complete list of his issues, refer to below. And this is really quite stunning:
25 minutes: Begins "proper" level. Get used to this one for the next two hours! Glitches and staggering game design incompetence await.
1 hour 20 minutes: Signs of frustration with the level's boss.
1 hour 24 minutes: Signs of fury at disastrous control system.
2 hours 24 minutes: "Where's the girl!?" mental breakdown. "I can't take this anymore."—"It's just like… I'm fighting the game itself."
2 hours and 53 minutes: Success! Completion of the level. Staggering realisation of this idiotic achievement. Borderline incomprehension that he can save the game and advance. Borderline mental breakdown. A dissection of everything wrong with the bloody thing.
Ultimately (and you can follow the other parts from the above clip), Matei completed Superman on the N64. Of course, that is something to be proud of.
Apparently Superman 64 is trending today on Twitter. I beat it legit on stream a few months ago. No codes. Worst Game Ever. https://t.co/5neLUisojU #Superman64
— Mike Matei (@Mike_Matei) January 11, 2018
And, yes, we hail him for that. As if this thing can reduce a patient and likeable YouTube chap into frothing madness… well, then it at least made for good entertainment.
Yo, yo, yo, yo! Share if you want, fool!
AVGN
Mike Matei
Superman 64
Superman on the N64
Previous Ice by Anna Kavan
Next Conker's Bad Fur Day: Swearing?! Yes! **** Off!
Red Metal says:
I wonder if this game is worse than NES Dragon's Lair? There's no question that it's one of the worst games ever made, though.
Mr. Wapojif says:
Well Matei completed Dragon's Lair without too many difficulties. Although it's one idiotic game, it relies on repetition and following the game's (again, idiotic) patterns. Whereas Superman is just broken.
Still, makes for fun viewing seeing others torture themselves with it.
I have deep admiration for anyone who is able to get through the mess that this game is.
Indeed! It takes a special type of person.
Dispense with some gibberish! Cancel reply


Info: Opening theme of Chuunibyou demo Koi ga Shitai!
what did you think of before averting your eyes? … I'm curious.
Afterwards, a love I couldn't pull away from had already started.
but I also want to see you when I'm awake.
You made me feel like this, love is pretty greedy, isn't it?
Let's keep on going while feeling as if our hearts will jump out!
and into a new world!
when I heard it again, I believed it was inevitable.
and my body moved looking for you!
and embraced someone as cowardly as me.
at the beautiful sky and flying across it with you.
My love will never end, it will be the same tomorrow.
into a glittering miracle which feels like magic was casted on it.
are different… but at the same time, the same.
but I know every one of them are important.


This entry was posted in All Posts News on February 15, 2019 by Breylis Rodriguez.
This entry was posted in All Posts News on December 21, 2018 by Breylis Rodriguez.
This entry was posted in All Posts News on December 7, 2018 by Breylis Rodriguez.
This entry was posted in All Posts News on November 9, 2018 by Breylis Rodriguez.


'Officialy released with a inlay sheet. One side a couple of pictures, and on the other side tracklisting, composers and info about the LP. This inlay has the catalogue number (2394 169) printed in the top right corner of the picture-side.
Recorded January - June 1976.


They're both suspiciously smiley. For robots, I mean.
To be fair, if this is a book about robot priests it's probably a representative cover.
It's not a book about robot priests, is it?
Interesting that you can have robot catholic priests, but not women catholic priests.
Someone should tell the robot on the right that hi rose bush will grow better if he puts the root system IN the ground rather than ON it.
Someone shoud reinstall the graphic designer's fonts: his capital Ps ae decidedly broken.
Don't be fooled Phil! The preview button doesn't actually work.. I don't think anyone has noticed yet!
I wonder if the robots all have robot theologian names.
"Robots, romance and religion combine in the year's most unusual novel". Representative, then. Also I do not find this claim hard to believe.
What Vatican II looks like in the mind of Mel Gibson.
Metal Luther sounds like an awesome band.
You can bet these Godbothering robots have C3-PO voices. Imagine a whole sermon of that.
Don't be fooled Phil! The preview button doesn't actually work.. I don't think anyone has noticed yet!
I noticed a while ago. Just didn't get around to complaining about it.
HEY ADMINS! THE PREVIEW BUTTON DOESN'T WORK!
Me-The robot on the right is a monk, not a priest.
Cover Artist- Well, I didn't come here to go through the Spanish Inquisition!
Spanish Priests- No one expects the Spanish Inquisition! And someone fix that dang preview button!
Of course the robots are smiling. They're in a Simak novel. The only way they could have a nicer time would be to find themselves in a White novel.
David> OK OK WE'LL LOOK AT THE PREVIEW BUTTON! Or possibly install something better.
"Most unusual novel." I'm not entirely sure, even in this context, that this is meant to be a selling point. Also, could we have some form of rudimentary background, or did your budget only extend as far as two figures, a rose plant… no money for actual faces, just throw some robot looking things in there.
I haven't read the book so I can't speak for its quality, but I'd be surprised if it managed to pull off such an odd combination as robots, romance, and religion well. What does that even mean? Is it about robots who are both romantic and religious? Or a romantic robot religion?
OMG, i want this book so bad!! thats perhaps the funniest thing ive ever seen.
A metal priesthood would solve many problems. The senior ones are given root privileges, and those under him have to cop it in the can. No questions asked.


text:
Home Entertainment TV Shows
New Images of the Fallout Series From Amazon: Creators Pay Attention to Details
Amazon is yet to confirm a release date for "Fallout" and the series is said to still be in production.
by Nas Nielsen
in Entertainment, Entertainment News, TV Shows
Amazon Game Studios has recently acquired some notable gaming intellectual properties and one of them is the highly-anticipated Fallout series. Development for the new installment of the series began in the last year, and it is expected to be released in 2023.
However, it is worth noting that the development process is still ongoing and the creators have yet to finalize all of the necessary elements for the game.
Recently, some new images have surfaced online that seemingly depict one of the locations that will be featured in the upcoming game. These images show a Red Rocket gas station, which is a location that players were able to visit in the previous Fallout 4 installment.
The images showcase the signature colors and distinctive metal legs of the station, which in the previous game were used to mount a rocket. This has led many to believe that this is indeed one of the locations that will be featured in the upcoming game.
The Amazon Prime original Fallout TV series is still filming, and a few more photos from the set have been revealed 👀 pic.twitter.com/B1MYqZ89Sq
— Xbox News (@_XboxNews) January 24, 2023
Although the quality of the photos may not be up to par, it is clear that the upcoming television adaptation of the popular video game "Fallout" will feature meticulous attention to detail from its creators.
The success of other video game adaptations, such as the critically acclaimed "The Last of Us" series, has set a high standard for other projects in the industry.
The partnership between HBO and Sony in the production of "The Last of Us" serves as a prime example of how to effectively translate the source material to a different medium. It is likely that the impact of this series will influence the development and execution of future video game adaptations.
Tags: Amazon Prime VideoApocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fictionDramaElla PurnellFalloutFallout TV SeriesJonathan NolanWalton Goggins


Classic Chrysanthemum based spray with ribbon edge and a spray of Roses & complementary foliage. Also Available in Pink, White, Yellow,Blue & White (CRS1008) and Purple & Lilac (CRS1009). Please quote colour of your choice in the "instruction message" during the order process.


text:
American sniper : the autobiography of the most lethal sniper in U.S. military history, Chris Kyle, with Scott McEwen and Jim DeFelice
The Resource American sniper : the autobiography of the most lethal sniper in U.S. military history, Chris Kyle, with Scott McEwen and Jim DeFelice
The item American sniper : the autobiography of the most lethal sniper in U.S. military history, Chris Kyle, with Scott McEwen and Jim DeFelice represents a specific, individual, material embodiment of a distinct intellectual or artistic creation found in Wilmington Memorial Library.
Kyle, Chris, 1974-2013
DeFelice, Jim, 1956-
McEwen, Scott
The astonishing autobiography of SEAL Chief Chris Kyle, whose record 255 confirmed kills make him the most deadly sniper in U.S. military history
New York, W. Morrow, c2012
381 pages, [8] pages of plates
American sniper : the autobiography of the most lethal sniper in U.S. military history
the autobiography of the most lethal sniper in U.S. military history
Chris Kyle, with Scott McEwen and Jim DeFelice
Snipers -- United States -- Biography
United States, Navy | SEALs -- Biography
Iraq War, 2003- -- Personal narratives, American
Personal narratives, American
Kyle, Chris
956.7044/342
DS79.76
.K95 2012
DeFelice, Jim
Iraq War, 2003-
illustrations, map
trueThe New York Times Best Sellers - Combined Hardcover & Paperback Nonfiction
Wilmington Memorial LibraryBorrow it
175 Middlesex Avenue, Wilmington, MA, 01887, US
Tumble Book Library

 Data from American sniper : the autobiography of the most lethal sniper in U.S. military history, Chris Kyle, with Scott McEwen and Jim DeFelice - Wilmington Memorial Library

Data Citation of the Item American sniper : the autobiography of the most lethal sniper in U.S. military history, Chris Kyle, with Scott McEwen and Jim DeFelice


Needless to say, decluttering fever hasn't exactly become an epidemic at my house. I haven't given up hope though because they are slowly coming around.
How and where do you get rid of toys?
Recently, we've been able to remove a few large items like the plastic play structure with slide that my youngest got for his first birthday. After selling it on one of the local Facebook groups, we can again see some of the floor in their playroom. We purchased it used on Craigslist for about $50 and sold it for $30. It still looked new and we put the money in his savings account so that it will be a gift that keeps on giving. We had an even larger one in our backyard that was left by some former neighbors. That one also went on Facebook but since we didn't buy it, we donated the money to the local ACS Relay for Life event.
I've come to like the Facebook garage sale groups and definitely prefer them to eBay and Craigslist. The ones that we use are closed groups for people who live locally and since we live in a small town, we often end up having some sort of connection to the purchaser (my neighbor's hairdresser, for example). The bonus is that it's free unlike eBay and I don't concern myself with shipping. Sometimes, people even put things on the curb with the garbage and post it on the Facebook group just to say it's there if anyone wants it.
Now that they have some floor space, they recently set up their large hex-bug track. If you've never seen hex-bugs, they're little vibrating robots that are about an inch and a half long and if you don't have them contained by something, they will probably disappear under your oven or couch. I didn't realize just how much track or how many hex-bugs they had until I saw it all set up! Without much space to play with them, it all usually sits at the back of a closet. I've also noticed the kids started playing with their remote controlled cars again. I'm trying to drive home the point that as they remove the things that they don't play with, they have more room to enjoy the stuff that they really want to do.
I've also been sharing my vision with them of the future state of that room. It really is a large room and could be used for so many things. It has a brick wall at one end with a fireplace and on the side wall is the sliding door that opens out onto the patio. So far the rule has been that they just need to keep a path clear for me to get to the door so I can grill dinner and there have been many times where I had to make my own path. My vision though, is a few large comfortable chairs near the fireplace, a hot tub sunk into the floor, and maybe a pool table.
This hardly sounds like a minimalist dream, but I'm OK with that. In my vision, there isn't much else in the room except maybe a TV and mini-fridge. I could see myself hanging out there with family and friends a lot and that's ultimately what it's all about.
Take a look at an earlier post I wrote with more ideas on where to get rid of things, without just tossing them in the garbage. While you're here, you might as well leave a comment, share your favorite post on social media, or even get crazy and subscribe to my weeklyish newsletter. Thanks for reading.


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Covid-19: Kindness spreads Christmas cheer across the UK
December 22, 2020 December 22, 2020 4 min read InsightNewsReport
Like many people across the UK, Callum Williamson found his Christmas plans cancelled at the last minute due to the coronavirus pandemic.
The 32-year-old, who lives near York, had arranged a festive get-together with his parents and his sister at her home in Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire.
But the government's announcement of stricter Covid rules around Christmas meant the family had to abandon their plan to see each other.
Callum faced the prospect of Christmas Day being "the same as any other day" – without his family or a festive dinner.
But his kind-hearted neighbour Rebecca texted him out of the blue and offered to make him a Christmas dinner so he isn't left out.
"It meant a huge amount," Callum said. "It's quite emotional knowing someone can, without any real thought, just offer to do something like that.
"I wouldn't have been having Christmas dinner full stop and it would've been the same as any other day if Rebecca hadn't done that.
"There's so many people in a worse position than me, but at the same time it was just that little thought that made my day."
Callum isn't the only person to have received a good deed from someone this Christmas.
Keith Farquharson, 46, ordered a Belgian chocolate gift shaped like a map for his wife as a Christmas present this year.
When he went to wrap it up, he found a note from the seller saying they had refunded him the cost and asked him to donate it to his charity fundraiser instead.
Keith, who has stage four bowel cancer, raised more than £6,000 for the Sir Bobby Robson Foundation during the first coronavirus lockdown.
He set up his road bike as a static bike at his home in Heaton, Newcastle, and cycled the 2,082 miles of the Tour de France 2018 in aid of the charity.
"I was amazed – it's a really nice gesture," says Keith.
"They're a company that I've never had any contact with so how on earth did they find out what I was doing?"
Keith describes the kind-hearted note a little "bit of joy" in the middle of a dark time and says it sums up how 2020 has been a year of kindness for many.
His health condition meant he had to shield for three months during the first lockdown and his family had to rely on loved ones and neighbours to help them through.
"We've had my brother and my sister-in-law having to do the shopping for us and neighbours on the street looking after us," Keith said. "It's been a year when we've been reliant on other people and other people have helped. This sort of sums up the year."
Many people have donated their time and money to help others this Christmas – including mum Jessica Rixon.
She brought together friends to prepare Christmas dinner to give to 14 families who have been badly affected by the coronavirus pandemic.
Jessica's daughter Florence attends a nursery which is part of the London Early Years Foundation – a charitable social enterprise which operates 39 nurseries in some of London's most disadvantaged areas.
"I just thought it would be really nice for a family to at least have a Christmas dinner, especially if they've had a really bad year," Jessica said.
"It was something that they could look forward to. Whether they liked my cooking or not was another story!"
The 39-year-old raised more than £1,000 to pay for the ingredients to make dinner for 25 adults and 20 children – which were donated to families at another nursery in the network.
She used four turkeys, three ham joints, 16-and-a-half pounds of potatoes, four kilos of Brussels sprouts, and eight kilos of parsnips and carrots for the Christmas meals.
Jessica even had enough money left over to also buy the children Christmas presents which included colouring books, teddies, puzzles, Play-Doh and Lego.
She dropped the meals and presents off at the nursery on Friday and said the manager was "thrilled" with the donations.
"Had it not been for the Covid restrictions we possibly would have given each other a massive, big hug because there's been so much organisation and chat back and forth over the last month," said Jessica.
"She said that the parents were delighted. And I said, 'That's great. That's nice to hear'."
What a reaction! Zabaleta surprises lifelong City fan for Christmas | BBC Sport
Covid-19: Sinn Féin calls for all-Ireland travel ban from GB
Universal Credit: Benefit increase only temporary, says Raab
A decision on whether the £20 weekly rise in Universal Credit will be kept in place is unlikely before March's Budget, ministers have signalled.Campaigners say


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Jeff Buckley -25 Years Of 'Grace': Various Live Albums Review
Where do you start with voice and talent tragically cut so short that all we're left with is the slightest glimpse of something so delicate it might collapse as if the Venus de Milo was sculpted from a spider's web? A musician who channelled Folk, Jazz and Rock in a way that was so unique that it's never been touched since? A voice that really sounded like it came from heaven itself? More importantly, how do understand it's legacy and try to honour it in a way that's reverential and not ghoulish?
Jeff Buckley was destined for things of greatness. The son of acclaimed Folk musician Tim Buckley, Jeff managed to carve a sound that can only be described as ethereal. He would absorb so much music from so many different styles and genres while honing his craft before releasing his debut album "Grace" twenty five years ago this year. Promotional images from the time show a man with soulful eyes peering out through dark hair like he wanted to communicate directly to you, a troubadour who wanted to share his journey with you in such a way where you felt that his voice was the only one that mattered between the earth and the heavens.
It was this voice that captivated the listener. His range was beyond phenomenal, his control perfect. You could hear the timbre of his voice so warm and clear in everything he sang. His falsetto and vibrato belonged to angels, smoothly reaching beyond that of a more traditional singer/song writer. Hell, when you have the likes of Chris Cornell talking about the vocal talent that Buckley possessed then you know you really should listen to him.
On "Grace" Buckley could take a hymn like 'Corpus Christi Carol' (by Benjamin Britten) and really reach into the soul of the song, taking it somewhere else. His voice carried his soul in such a naked way that as a listener you could not help but be touched by his performance. This is especially evident on his take on Leonard Cohen's 'Hallelujah', a song that opens on the album with a sigh before curling up inside your head while whispering it's secrets to you. Add into the mix songs like 'Mojo Pin', 'Last Goodbye', 'Grace' and 'Eternal Life' and you had a classic debut album that showed promise with the hint of so many possibilities. Reviews were originally quite mixed and it wasn't until a few years later that it's legacy would be realised than more just the cult status he enjoyed. Even the likes of Rolling Stone magazine reneged on their original proclamations and acknowledged how they were wrong with their first thoughts on the album and Buckley himself, both now appearing high in retrospective reviews of the decade by the mainstream press.
Touring it's release cemented Jeff's talents, and hinted at the maturity and growth that was developing at a great, natural pace. The Mystery White Boy tour as it was called headed around the globe, reaching like minded souls across the planet. He was able to take the seed of the songs from "Grace" and feed and nurture them until they fully blossomed. After touring he took some time away to work on several different things while we all waited calmly for more. Sadly though, Jeff would never see how far his music would reach after drowning late one night in the waters of Wolf River. Around this time he was working on what would have been his second album "My Sweetheart The Drunk" and was actually waiting for his band to arrive in Chicago the night he passed away. The songs were worked on posthumously and released as "Sketches For My Sweetheart The Drunk" a year after his passing,
Sony and the Buckley estate have decided to celebrate the silver anniversary of the release of "Grace" with four live albums covering from just before the release of Jeff's debut up until the latter part of his world tour. They form a tantalising glimpse of the musicians involved, as well as bearing witness to how the songs would evolve beyond their studio births.
The earliest of the four albums is from Wetlands in New York in August 1994, literally a few days before the release of "Grace" and it feels incredibly intimate in comparison to the other shows released. After a short introduction that ties into Jeff's roots, they open with 'Mojo Pin", building slowly on the shimmering guitar parts before the song starts to flow through the musicians. There are some differences between the live versions here and those from "Grace". 'Eternal Life" starts off gentler before picking up, never quite the same intensity as the studio version. Jeff's also in good spirits here, chatting to the audience between songs, making a lot of references to his now literary early days playing solo at Sin-é. 'Je N'en Connais Pas La Fin', a cover originally by Édith Piaf and a staple of his earlier days, is performed in such a sparse way; you feel like if there was a strong breeze it would cause the song to collapse. It feels almost like you're intruding on a new couple's relationship, everyone is still getting used to each other so there's some exploration between the band going on.
Fast forward a year on and you get a band that's seasoned and that know each other and, more importantly, the dynamics of the songs. There are two shows represented from May 1995 here. You've got a show from Cabaret Metro, Chicago that's been around for a while now (it's basically the audio from the "Live In Chicago" DVD), and also another from King Cat Theatre in Seattle. Set lists from both shows are very similar, with a couple of variations, with the King Cat show having a slightly longer set list. The sound is good on both with Buckley showing how much at ease he is being the focal point of the show. There's more of audience sound at the Chicago show, the Seattle show's audience is lower in the mix, giving Chicago a slight edge over the capital city of Grunge but the musicianship on both is excellent. Chords hang in the air, guitars reach out with yearning as Buckley's goes from a whisper to a wail within moments. The electricity in the rooms are felt easily by the listener and you really wish you could have been there to have been a part of this musical communion. Even his take on MC5's political riot 'Kick Out The Jams" feels like a celebration.
"Live At Columbia Records Radio Hour" has the benefit of being recorded as a radio session complete with studio audience, meaning the quality of the recording itself is excellent, but there's still an element of rawness. There's nervous chatter between songs and you can hear the buzz of their amps in the background. The addition of an accordion on 'Lover, You Should've Come Over' is subtle but adds so much to the song, making you wonder what Jeff would have been like ten or fifteen years on after allowing his muse to grow and develop further. The inclusion of a cover of The Smiths 'I Know It's Over' is another example of the musician choosing a cover that explains where he's come from, as well as allowing him to show much of himself in another artist's songs.
It's hard to compare each album against each other as a lot of the songs are repeated but what you come away with is the feeling of the music now deep in you. Yes, there's a certain feeling of melancholy to the performances, but there's a also a sense of joy and celebration too. But, after those last notes fade away, you have a longing to what could have been, before tragedy snatched this talent away from us and the world, a world that is a much poorer place because of the songs that could have been. Instead we are left with these glimpses of genius and talent. If only there could have been more.
Website - www.jeffbuckley.com
Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/JeffBuckley/
Review - Scott Hamilton


Saint Xavier University's (SXU) Office of Residence Life Assistant Director and Adjunct Faculty member Timothy "TJ" Martin has been published in the fall 2017 issue of TRENDS Magazine, a regional publication for college and university housing professionals.
His article is titled, "The forgotten ism and the negative impact on the college and university housing profession." Martin said, "My goal is to educate professionals on what ableism is and how it is prevalent throughout many higher education institutions."
Martin and his colleague, Acacia Kapusta, from Washington State University, have been working on this project together for over a year. They have presented in Spokane, Wash., led a webinar online for housing professionals, and are presenting in Indianapolis at the Great Lakes Association of College and University Housing Officers annual conference in November 2017.
In his article Martin shares that we should be open to examining our departments and institutions "recognizing that ableism is systemic and deeply ingrained in our processes, [and] we should come to the table unafraid to ask the tough questions and with the goal of helping to spur change." Martin hopes that this article, in addition to continued conference presentations will grow the conversation both regionally and nationally on often unnoticed ableist practices.
Martin said, "People often think that just because the Americans with Disabilities Act was passed that progress has been made for people with disabilities, but the truth is we have just become to sensitized to being ableist. We don't put up with our institutions of higher learning being racist or sexist, yet for some reason being ableist is not challenged."
Martin joined SXU in January 2017 as the assistant director of Residence Life. He teaches a Leadership and Diversity course for first-year students, and is an adjunct instructor for the Communication Department. His teaching, research and publications cross the fields of communication studies and higher education administration specifically focusing on leadership training, social justice education, cultural competency and organizational communication.


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ADAMTS18 () – білок, який кодується однойменним геном, розташованим у людей на 16-й хромосомі. Довжина поліпептидного ланцюга білка становить 1 221 амінокислот, а молекулярна маса — 135 167.

Кодований геном білок за функціями належить до гідролаз, протеаз, металопротеаз.
Задіяний у такому біологічному процесі, як альтернативний сплайсинг.
Білок має сайт для зв'язування з іонами металів, іоном цинку.
Локалізований у позаклітинному матриксі.
Також секретований назовні.

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 Хромосома 16

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