text:
Q: iTextSharp - Text overlapping image I'm using iTextSharpText to build a PDF.
I was asked to add some dynamic text over an image.
I've already tried some examples that I found on this forum and other websites, but I can't seem to get this right, and it's really driving me nuts.
I followed this thread (iTextSharp Adding Text plus Barcode in a single cell?), and tried both answers.
First I tried:
            var img_operacao = Image.GetInstance(String.Format("{0}{1}", Settings.Default.SiteRootURL, "/PublishingImages/PDF_operacao.png"));
            img_operacao.ScaleToFit(150, 41);

            img_operacao.Alignment = Image.UNDERLYING;

            var ph0 = new Phrase(title0, pageHeader);
            var cell = new PdfPCell();

            cell.AddElement(ph0);
            cell.AddElement(new Phrase(new Chunk(img_operacao, 0, 0)));
            table.AddCell(cell);

And I got this:
http://imageshack.us/photo/my-images/515/25265113.png/
My second attempt:
            var img_operacao = Image.GetInstance(String.Format("{0}{1}", Settings.Default.SiteRootURL, "/PublishingImages/PDF_operacao.png"));
            img_operacao.ScaleToFit(150, 41);

            img_operacao.Alignment = Image.UNDERLYING;

            var cell = new PdfPCell
                       {
                           Border = Rectangle.NO_BORDER,
                           PaddingTop = 0,
                           PaddingBottom = 0,
                           HorizontalAlignment = Element.ALIGN_CENTER,
                           VerticalAlignment = Element.ALIGN_MIDDLE
                       };

            var ph0 = new Phrase();
            ph0.Add(new Chunk(title0, pageHeader));
            ph0.Add(new Chunk(img_operacao, 0, 0, true));

            cell.AddElement(ph0);
            table.AddCell(cell);

And I got:
http://imageshack.us/photo/my-images/688/89424619.png/
I've tried several other variations with chunks, paragraphs, etc, but I can't get the text over the image!!!
If there is someone that can help me, I would really appreciate it.
I'm stuck right now...
Thanks a lot
Paula

A: It looks like you want to add a background image to a PdfPCell. The recommended approach is to implement the IPdfPCellEvent interface. As documented, you only need to write one method, CellLayout, when you write the custom class that implements IPdfPCellEvent. From your code it looks like you're in a web environment, so this simple example HTTP handler (.ashx) should be easy to follow:
<%@ WebHandler Language="C#" Class="cellEvent" %>
using System;
using System.Web;
using iTextSharp.text;
using iTextSharp.text.pdf;

public class cellEvent : IHttpHandler {
  public void ProcessRequest (HttpContext context) {
    HttpServerUtility Server = context.Server;
    HttpResponse Response = context.Response;
    Response.ContentType = "application/pdf";
    // replace with your image
    string imagePath = Server.MapPath("./Image1.png");
    Image image = Image.GetInstance(imagePath);
    using (Document document = new Document()) {
      PdfWriter.GetInstance(document, Response.OutputStream);
      document.Open();
      PdfPTable table = new PdfPTable(2);
      for (int i = 1; i < 10; ++i) {
        PdfPCell cell = new PdfPCell(new PdfPCell());
        // add the text
        cell.Phrase = new Phrase(string.Format("CELL 1, ROW {0}", i));
        // your class that adds the background image
        cell.CellEvent = new TestCellEvent() {
          CellImage = image
        };
        table.AddCell(cell);
        // add __new__ cell; CellEvent no longer applies;
        // (no background image)
        table.AddCell(new PdfPCell(new Phrase(
          string.Format("CELL 2, ROW {0}", i
        ))));
      }
      document.Add(table);
    }
  }
  public bool IsReusable { get { return false; } }

// custom class to implement a cell background image
  class TestCellEvent : IPdfPCellEvent {
    public Image CellImage;
    public void CellLayout(
      PdfPCell cell, Rectangle position, PdfContentByte[] canvases
    )
    {
      PdfContentByte cb = canvases[PdfPTable.BACKGROUNDCANVAS];
      // scale image to the cell's __full__ height
      CellImage.ScaleAbsoluteHeight(cell.Height);
      // scale image to the cell's __full__ width
      CellImage.ScaleAbsoluteWidth(cell.Width);
      // you must also explcitly set the image position!
      CellImage.SetAbsolutePosition(position.Left, position.Bottom);
      // add the image to the cell
      cb.AddImage(CellImage);
    }
  }
}

Hopefully the inline comments make sense. Notice that the Image object was instantiated once. If you're reusing the same image doing it this way greatly reduces the file size, versus repeatedly instantiating the Image for each cell, since the image data is only added once to the PDF.
Good luck.

A: I stumbled across a solution while trying to resolve this issue for my own needs.  I created a Table object and defined multiple columns.  The first column was set to a minimum width, and the rest the appropriate widths to position text being positioned on the form.   I am producing an image about 1"x7".  The image was added to the cell in the first column of a table row.  It's dimensions as set by SetAbsoluteHeight and SetAbsoluteWidth far exceeded the size of the column, so the image kind of bled into/under the remaining columns of the row.  For the text being overlaid onto the image, column widths, adding Chunk.Newlines, and paragraph SetLeading (to effect line spacing) were used to adjust text positioning.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Rafa Tibau has been a key member of the development team for the Jitsie Varial bike. We're super happy to have him in the official Jitsie Varial team for 2016 and give him our full support to shine at the UCI World cups and major events around the World. Great to have you on board Rafa!


RapLyf bosses Kwesta and KiD X are side-by-side as they take their spots as the cover stars of the October/November issue of The Plug magazine.
We are in the season of summer party anthems and this one certainly got some people moving.
The love song called Cry was produced by Muziou and features a catchy hook.
The latest rapper to split from KO's label has a new track that you have to hear.
Are you the baddest in the game? Take our rapper personality quiz to find out!
You've been waiting an eternity and a half for their albums and we have all the deets.
Behind the scenes on Cashtime's biggest collab EVER!
Cashtime unite to shoot a music video for Pasop!
Here's a look at the week that made history.
Rapper accused of plagarising his cover art, but Cashtime says it was a stock image!
DJ Capital is back with another banger, bringing together Kwesta, Reason and KiD X for his new track Skebe Dep Dep.
They seem like an unlikely pair, but there's something about kid X and ChianoSky together on a track that just works.
Here are 7 local stars whose music videos have garnered over one million views on YouTube.
Is this the end of The Cashtime fam?
If you're a #CashTimeLife groupy, then Channel O is where you want to be this Friday at 19:30.
Kid X denies that him and Nomuzi were ever a thing. Eish.
The Hottest MC 2015 controversy has only just begun!
Does Kwesta deserve to be at number 6? How did Khuli drop so many places? And why is #OneDayGold iFani at 9?
No Cashtime beef towards Cassper.
Birthday boy Kid X drops new musical project!
Kid X surprises US for his birthday.


text:
Home » Two arrested for drugs, bonds reduced for car burglary suspects
Two arrested for drugs, bonds reduced for car burglary suspects
A man and a woman face multiple drug charges after a traffic stop on Highway 45 Alternate South Monday night.
Meanwhile, bonds for three Arkansas women charged with auto burglary in West Point last week have their bonds lowered to $100,000, but they still face credit card fraud and related charges in Lafayette County in Mississippi.
And some of the trio also are wanted on warrants in Arkansas.
During a brief arraignment Tuesday in Municipal Court, Judge Mark Cliett set a total bond of $45,000 for 34-year-old Cornell Logan, who is charged with possession of 7.4 grams of meth, 1.5 grams of meth, .07 grams of heroin and a drug found in a syringe during the traffic stop Monday night.
He also is charged with possession of a weapon by a convicted felon after a weapon was found in the car. He has prior convictions in 2013 in Oktibbeha County Circuit Court and last year in Clay County Circuit Court.
Clint set a $10,000 bond for 22-year-old Lawson Bailey Malouf who was in the car with Logan. She is charged with two counts of possession of a controlled substance stemming from the drugs in the syringe and the 1.5 grams of meth.
In the auto burglary cases, bonds originally were set at $10 million Friday for Katrice Missouri, Hkavona Venquell Morris, and Cameko Latoya Cogsdell, the three Little Rock, Ark., women arrested at about 4 a.m. Thursday for breaking into a car in the parking lot at North Mississippi Medical Center.
Local authorities had sought the high bonds while they determined the women's true identities and where all they might be wanted.
During Tuesday's hearings, police said they would leave bonds up to the courts and suggested they were going to get the three women to Oxford to face charges there but weren't yet sure about sending them back to Arkansas.
"Based on all the things out there, given the distance where they live and the other things pending, I think this is the appropriate bond," Cliett said.
Morris is charged as the actual burglar and Missouri and Cogsdell are charged as accessories before the fact, according to affidavits read in court Tuesday.
Missouri and Cogsdell said they needed public defenders appointed for them bu Morris had an attorney from Helena, Ark., in court with her Tuesday.
All three may seek bond reductions.
They entered not guilty pleas and have preliminary hearings set March 26.
They were caught when a security guard at North Mississippi Medical Center spotted them breaking into the car on surveillance videos and called police, who arrived quickly and caught the three, who said they were on the way to Florida.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
	<META HTTP-EQUIV="CACHE-CONTROL" CONTENT="NO-CACHE">

	<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/icon?family=Material+Icons" rel="stylesheet">
	<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans" rel="stylesheet">

	<link href="styles.css?v=2.0" rel="stylesheet">
	<link rel="icon" type="image/svg+xml" href="images/color_wheel.svg">

	<canvas id="mainCanvas"  style="position:fixed;
												left:0;
												top:0;
												cursor:none;">

	</canvas>

Screen Space Reflections

			<input id="titleEdit" type="text" style="display:none; margin:0 auto;" value="sample text"/>

19 Aug 2017, 19:35

			<button id="OKButton">OK</button>
			<button id="CancelButton">Cancel</button>

Title

Sample Text

Sample Text

			xxx

			xxx

			xxx

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The Hellweg tear drop key holder has been manufactured using heavy weight full grain tan leather, with a basketweave finish.
It has been designed to keep your keys safe and at hand on your belt in a fixed vertical position.
Featuring a secure snap stud loop closure, which suits belts up to 58mm (2-1/4") and allows quick and easy fitment onto your duty belt.
The metal clip allows convenient one handed removal or attachment of keys and comes packed with a 30mm split key ring for your convenience.


As landscapes evolve, there are moments when you suddenly perceive them differently. Maybe you see a new limb on a tree, maybe a storm blows through or maybe there's no catalyst at all. For whatever reason, you suddenly see the results of slow, constant change.
The [email protected] conference earlier this month was such a moment for me -- I was struck by the richness and vitality of young non-profit institutions like Global Voices, Creative Commons and the Sunlight Foundation, and my view of the news business changed.
For years, I had deep respect for newsy non-profits, but viewed them as side-shows. I assumed that only for-profit institutions could operate on the scale needed to have broad impact. Global Voices, Creative Commons and the Sunlight Foundation all demonstrate that this isn't true. With a small budget, an ambitious mission and a platform that empowers, it's possible to build institutions that have enormous impact.
This fact is changing the news business. The industry is evolving from a handful of NYSE corporations running local monopoly newspapers to a complex mix of institutions. As Dan Gillmor points out, the news industry is becoming more like the arts industry. There are for-profit institutions (galleries, auction houses, news aggregators, mass-market publishers), non-profits (museums, theaters, advocates of investigative reporting and open data) individuals (artists, bloggers) and all sorts of other wild cards.
This is a view of journalism with fewer professional journalists. Careers in the arts are tough. Yet it's also an optimistic view that gets us beyond layoffs and circulation declines, and on with the business of inventing new ways to report the news.
The institutional landscape is changing, but journalism, like the arts, will continue to flourish.
Of all the great Knight News Challenge winners this year, I'm most excited about Spot.us. It's a community funding model for local news -- a non-profit marketplace where journalists will be able to propose stories, and communities will be able to fund them. David Cohn, the man behind the plan, is using the fantastic Kiva.org as a model for Spot.us.
This is a very important project because it addresses a core local news problem -- funding -- with a potentially elegant solution -- a simple marketplace.
So what are the challenges for Spot.us? Probably not story proposals. There are plenty of freelancers with great stories to tell looking for the money to tell them.
The challenge will be building a critical mass of funders. It's hard to get people to pay attention to local news, it's going to be even harder to get them to pay for it.
I'm optimistic that David will be able to solve these problems, and in this interview on Future Tense he explains what he's thinking.
(1) Why focus on local? This may be a News Challenge requirement, but I don't see anything in the Spot.us model that makes it better suited for local news than national, international, or non-place-based news. If you look at the tools that are changing local journalism -- Blogger, Drupal, Wordpress, Google Reader, Twitter, YouTube -- most have no specific connection to place.
Why not setup Spot.us as a site where individuals can propose stories and funders can fund them, without any restrictions on location? This would open the site to millions of new potential users without reducing its value to local users.
(2) Why put limits on how much one person can contribute? By doing so, you raise the bar for success. It means you have to get a lot more active funders on the site before you start paying journalists. Also, who's to say the model will work best with small funders? Maybe it works best with a few big funders. Or maybe it will work differently for different types of stories. What is there to gain from picking one approach at the outset?
In the radio interview I linked to above, David explains that some of these restrictions are related to concerns about Spot.us becoming a platform for issue advocacy. Why worry about that? Great tools like Blogger, Drupal and Twitter are content-agnostic. They enable great content to be published precisely because they have few restrictions on the type of content that can be published.
A better way to control the quality of content on Spot.us is via a robust reputation management system. If the relationships between journalists, their stories and their benefactors is clear, who cares what's published?
Spot.us could help define a new era of quality, independent journalism -- but it will do so as an open marketplace, not a highly-managed assignment desk.
I embrace everything Dan and David say, and I think we're lucky to have them leading the way, encouraging experiments.
I also think the discussion of entrepreneurial journalism needs to get more specific. Without restricting people's thinking, we need to do a better job explaining the existing models and their challenges. What are the specific options for journalists that want to experiment and be independent?
(1) Blogging -- Anybody that picks a good topic, writes passionately and builds a community can create a sucessful blog. The catch is that a successful blog usually isn't a career or a business. And even if you assume you can be one of the exceptions like Rafat Ali or Debbie Gallant, you'll probably have to start off blogging on the side while you hold down a full-time job.
(2) Non-profit Projects -- Non-profits are funding a lot of serious, quality journalism, and some people are able to make a career out of these projects. David Cohn has made a name for himself on non-profit projects like NetAssignment.net, NewTrust.net and now Spot Us. Of course, the challenge with this approach is that your work doesn't sustain itself -- it always depends on the next grant review committee.
(3) New Online Publications -- New West and MinnPost.com are great examples of this approach. These kinds of projects are ambitious, expensive, and very hard to raise money for. But if you can find enthusiastic, committed financial backing, why not?
(4) News Tools & Platforms -- This is what we did, first with Atlas and more recently with 9Neighbors. The challenge here is that the best news tools are usually not created for the news industry -- they're broader services like YouTube, Google, Facebook and Twitter. The limited scale of tools that focus specifically on journalists, like Atlas, makes them harder to monetize.
If you work on an open-source project like Drupal, you're more likely create news tools with broad use, but unless you do open-source work as part of a consulting business, it's unlikely to be a career in and of itself.
In the traditional news world, a journalist's central career challenge was getting a job. Today the challenge is building a following. Journalists need to be entrepreneurs not in the sense of finding a new business model for the news, but in the sense of independently managing their careers. They need to be entrepreneurial in the way they weave work on blogs, non-profit projects, tools and stints with established publications.
Dan Kennedy and Adam Gaffin pointed out The New Haven Independent and MinnPost.com -- local online news sites structured as non-profits. These are interesting projects producing high-quality work, but I think they're trying too hard to be daily newspapers. A lot of the material they publish -- human interest stories like this and this -- is already being published on blogs. I think non-profits should focus more exclusively on what isn't appearing on blogs, hard news and investigative reporting.
Another approach is to create an endowment that funds local investigative journalism. A process for selecting and editing the investigative projects would need to be developed, but that's it. The only risk is that contributors to the endowment expect control over the choice of investigative projects. Maybe this risk could be mitigated and costs could be saved by wrapping the endowment into an organization like MassInc or The Boston Foundation.
This would be the most self-sufficient, community-controlled means of funding investigative journalism. An ad network would have lower-startup costs than an endowment, and once it's operational, publishers in the network would control the funding decisions. The risk is that the network isn't competitive with commercial networks, and can't generate enough money to sustain itself or achieve its funding goals.
I would love to see the endowment or ad network model developed in the Boston area. The endowment model is probably the safer and more tested of the two, but I think the local ad network could be more robust. An endowment would be a top-down solution controlled by a small group of people. A local ad network would be more like an open source software project -- a messy bottom-up solution controlled by its participants.
Not in sports -- or breaking news, opinion, slice-of-life stories, arts or business. The web is loaded with alternatives in those areas.
The challenge for the Boston area would be to replace The Globe's investigative reporting and hard news. The sites I linked to above are great, but none are doing the type of reporting that helped expose abuse in the Catholic Church. Independent publishers can rarely justify weeks of research or coding in order to produce a single piece of content.
So if the Globe continues to shrink, how will we as a community continue to give our institutions the scrutiny they need? Some say we're already seeing what happens when public scrutiny declines.
One solution is to create a non-profit local ad network to fund local investigative journalism projects. The network would be controlled by the community, and would have a small staff to sell ads, give grants to reporters, and manage the network. It would be a self-sustaining mechanism for funding investigative journalism.
The goal is to generate local income to fund local investigative reporting. In a for-profit company, even one that doesn't take money from investors, that goal would be eclipsed by the need to generate income for the business' owners. Google and family-run newspapers have been able to balance wealth creation and the public good, but those are monopoly businesses. Local online news is a hyper-competitive market. Any business dallying in unprofitable work like investigative journalism will be run over.
There's at least one other reason a non-profit makes sense: Many local publishers write for non-economic reasons. These publishers are more likely to work with an ad network created to achieve non-economic goals.
I don't know yet. But there's reason to believe it could improve upon the AdSense revenue many local publishers currently receive. AdSense undervalues quality local web sites. Impressions and clicks on quality sites likes Our Daily Red should be more valuable than impressions and clicks on splogs like Dailyred.com, but with AdSense there's essentially no difference. A local ad network would help quality local publishers capture the full value they offer advertisers, the same way Federated Media does for national publishers.
act as filters, so it's simple to find the best, most relevant stuff.
Advice from Steve Yelvington, useful not only for j-school students: "Today's J-student should understand that the task is not to get a job and draw a paycheck, but rather to build a following."
President Kennedy was furious at [David] Halberstam's aggressive reporting from the battlefields of Vietnam, and he complained to the publisher at the time, Punch Sulzberger, the father of our current publisher. Maybe, the president suggested, the Times should send Mr Halberstam to London or Paris. Punch Sulzberger was pretty new in the job, and had never encountered an angry president before, but he firmly declined. Then, and this is the part I love, when he got back to the office Punch sent Halberstam instructions to cancel his upcoming vacation. The publisher didn't want the White House to see Halberstam heading for the airport and get the idea that the Times was giving in.
It's a wonderful story meant to rally the troops -- to show the power of a financially healthy, civic-minded Times Company -- the Times of New York Times Co. v. Sullivan and New York Times Co. v. United States, that as Keller says, is our "institutional bulwark against powerful forces that would tame or silence us."
There's only one problem with this vignette today. When I think of the company that's really sticking it in the eye of the powerful, fighting today's Sullivan, I don't think of the NYT. I think of Google.
Yes, as Keller points out, The Times is still fighting the Bush Administration for its disclosure in 2005 of National Security Agency wiretapping. That is a huge, important battle, but to me it feels more abstract than than the battles Google is fighting.
Google is the one pushing for net neutrality so that 9Neighbors can germinate without getting squashed by the Comcast Bundle. Google is the one fighting to make sure Verizon doesn't control the information I read and write from my mobile devices.
Google is no replacement for newspapers. Their record in China is spotty, and they certainly aren't doing the critical dirty work of FOIA requests and lawsuits that are still routine at places like the News-Press in Forth Myers, Fla.
That said, old-liners like Keller need to respect Google's values. Google is being built on precisely the same set of assumptions that The Times was built on -- that access to information makes our society better off.
The difference is only in scale: The Times publishes information itself, while Google enables everybody to publish information.
I've spent the last year and a half bootstrapping Faneuil Media, an online news startup. Initially, my partner Theo Burry and I focused on creating content for news sites using public data and open applications like Google Maps. Last year we broadened our scope with Atlas, a mapping tool that simplified map and data work for news sites.
Last week we launched our newest project, 9 Neighbors. 9 Neighbors is a local news filtering service for several Boston-area communities. The site uses social data — primarily relationships and browsing histories — to determine which bits of content are most useful to members of a community.
The launch of 9 Neighbors is our most significant, concrete achievement. More broadly, we are proud to have enabled and been responsible for lots of online news experiments. Our mapping and and data projects on Boston.com, NYTimes.com and other sites were some of the first of their kind published on major news sites. Atlas, our mapping tool, made it possible for dozens of major newspapers and local news sites to begin experimenting with Google Maps and data. Our business has also been an important experiment, demonstrating one more approach to independent online news.
We've learned that today it is very, very hard to build an independent business when your primary product is content. Content is abundant, and therefore cheap. Attention is scarce, and therefore valuable. This is why we're now focusing on filtering tools, which help people use their valuable attention more efficiently.
We're earning money from advertising, right now primarily from our mapping tool, Atlas. In the future, we expect 9 Neighbors to generate additional advertising income.
We just launched 9 Neighbors, so right now our focus is on getting feedback from users in our Boston communities, then iterating on the product. We're also beginning to look at how we can partner with local publishers.


There's nothing wrong with keeping it simple, and even though our Love Cake Topper isn't super flashy, it will still make a statement! Whether you're looking for something to match your gold wedding or love the romantic sophistication of this love cake topper, you're definitely making an excellent choice! Made of gold acrylic with a clear pick and is 100% food safe.
1 - 4 $24.00 ea. 5+ $20.00 ea.


Former Senior Special Assistant to former President, Goodluck Ebele Jonathan on Public Affairs, Doyin Okupe has described the governor of Kaduna State, Nasir El-Rufai as a religious midget.
Okupe Stated this in a statement on Twitter while responding to a statement credited to El-Rufai calling the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) Vice Presidential candidate, Peter Obi a Tribal bigot.
According to Okupe, El-Rufai was a rabid religious midget.


Members of THE BLACK SWAN announced disappointing news on their website earlier today. They will be disbanding in May 2018.
THE BLACK SWAN has drawn success from several releases over their few years of activity, particularly from their album "OUSIA", which was released in 2016. Regardless of the band's musical reputation, though, they have come to the decision to end all activity after four years together.
Members comments can be found here. The band apologizes for letting their fans down, but they still want to make the most of the remaining half-year they have together.
THE BLACK SWAN will hold their last live at Tsutaya O-WEST on May 1st, 2018.


text:
Air Force Museum
Cold War Museum
Cold War Video
Virtual Memorial
RCAF Archives
RCAF History
RCAF Personnel
RCAF Aircraft
CF-5
CF-104 Ops
100 Names
Names 01-25
Names 76-100
Contact AFMSA
About AFMSA
AFMSA Media
Air Force Museum of Alberta
Home / History / 100 Names / Names 51-75 / 55 Elizabeth MacGill
55 Elizabeth MacGill
Elizabeth MacGill
"Her contribution to Canadian and international design and engineering, her high honours, her resolve that led her to the top of her profession, have been of outstanding benefit to Canadian aviation."
Elizabeth Muriel Gregory "Elsie" MacGill received her elementary and secondary education in Vancouver and then attended the University of Toronto. She was the first woman to graduate from that university with an Electrical Engineering Degree in 1927 and later attended Michigan University where she became the first woman to get her Masters Degree in Aeronautical Engineering from that university. During her career MacGill worked in aeronautical design and wrote numerous articles on aviation. In 1938 she became Chief Aeronautical Engineer at Fort William (Thunder Bay) and later established her own business as an aeronautical consultant.
During the Second World War, MacGill was responsible for mass production of military aircraft at the Fort William plant and was also in charge of the engineering work related to the Canadian production of the Hawker Hurricane. In 1946 she became the first woman to serve as Canadian Technical Advisor to the United Nations International Civil Aviation Organization, where she helped draft the international air worthiness regulation for the design and production of commercial aircraft.
Born: 27 Mar 1905, Vancouver, BC
Died: 4 Nov 1980
Awards: OC
The Air Force Museum of Alberta
The Air Force Museum of Alberta (AFMA) is a founding member of The Military Museums of Calgary, Alberta.
The AFMA chronicles the story of Canada's Air Force from the Great War to the Cold War through artefacts, interactive displays and unique aircraft.
The Military Museums
4520 Crowchild Trail SW
Calgary AB T2T 5J4
© 2017 - 2019 AFMSA


Special order the colors for this Headband featuring Sport's Tattoo Motif.
White is Color One in the Sample. It is the background color and the color on the inside of the headband.
Black is Color Two in the Sample. It is the band color.


A measure may also be a permanent prohibition to import or export certain products (for example, psychotropic drugs) or a temporary prohibition for health protection or other reasons or to enforce a quota.
You can find out what measures are currently in force in Lesotho by using the search facilities below. Where a measure applies to specific commodities, these will also be listed.
A measure is normally enforced through a legal instrument such as a law or a regulation. The relevant legal document is also shown against each measure below and you will be able to view the full legal text by clicking on the link.
By using the search facilities below you will also be able to look up any generic requirements associated with specific commodities or products, such as the need to obtain an automatic or non-automatic import license prior to importation.
Displaying 71-80 of 86 result(s).


VARIETAL INFORMATION: Chambourcin is a French-American hybrid of unknown parentage, hybridized in the 1800s by Joannes Seyve. It has been commercially available only since 1963. This late-ripening variety is carefully fermented on the skins and then aged for one year in French and American oak barrels.
From Lucy Tufte of Hayfield, Minnesota on 3/17/2019 .
I can't pick a favorite red wine -,they r all awesome ! I will be visiting your winery this fall and taking lots of wine back to Minnesota with me !!!
I cannot pick my favorite "red" - this is amazing ! I'm planning a trip to Missouri this fall! Can't wait to visit the winery !!! I will be taking many bottles home to Minnesota!!!
From Tom K of Helena, Montana on 2/4/2019 .
Received my shipment a couple weeks ago and opened my first bottle. I should have ordered more. I could never have imagined a Chambourcin being this good. Best $13 bottle of wine I can remember. What fine work - Outstanding effort!
From Kim T. of Troy, Missouri on 1/20/2019 .
I can't say enough about this wine. There is no doubt in my mind why it won the Governor's cup this year. Dry and yet you taste the fruitiness but without the sweetness. I bought a case of this and had only tasted the 2014 Chambourcin, and the 2014 is amazing too. You will not be disappointed in this one.


text:
DC UNIVERSE STORMS SAN DIEGO COMIC-CON INTERNATIONAL WITH POWERHOUSE PANEL LINE-UP, FAN EVENTS AND MEMBER EXCLUSIVES
by First Comics News on July 2, 2019 DC UNIVERSE STORMS SAN DIEGO COMIC-CON INTERNATIONAL WITH POWERHOUSE PANEL LINE-UP, FAN EVENTS AND MEMBER EXCLUSIVES2019-07-02T14:08:57-07:00 - News
All-Star DC UNIVERSE Panels to Showcase Original Series Titans, Doom Patrol, Young Justice: Outsiders, Harley Quinn and DC Daily – Promising Sneak Peeks, First Look Screenings and Breaking News
DC UNIVERSE Members at Comic-Con Get Exclusive Access to Events, Special Signings and Limited-Edition Giveaways
BURBANK, Calif. – July 2, 2019 – DC UNIVERSE will return to the city of San Diego in a big way during the 50th annual Comic-Con International convention on July 18-21, 2019. One year after DC UNIVERSE launched its membership program at SDCC, the first-of-its-kind digital subscription service and ultimate DC fan destination is back with a powerhouse panel focused on original series, along with a slate of exclusive member-only fan events and giveaways.
DC UNIVERSE's sizzling summer panels will feature many of the highly acclaimed, critically-lauded original series' stars and creators. Fans can expect sneak peeks, first looks, exclusive screenings and breaking news for Titans, Doom Patrol, Young Justice: Outsiders and the upcoming adult-animated comedy series Harley Quinn during a special two-hour DC UNIVERSE event on Saturday night, July 20 from 7-9pm in the Indigo Ballroom at the Hilton Bayfront. Fans of DC Daily, the one-stop news program for all things DC, can attend a panel featuring the show's hosts on Friday, July 19 from 10-11am in Room 9.
"We are excited to showcase our original shows and share more news of what's to come in year two for DC UNIVERSE," said Sam Ades senior vice president and general manager, DC UNIVERSE. "In San Diego, we'll embrace the ways in which DC UNIVERSE provides real-life membership benefits like no other service, designed specifically for DC fans. After last year's amazingly successful introduction at SDCC, we're thrilled to focus on the members who have made the service home to their DC fandom by offering unique, interesting experiences only we can provide."
A fantastic line-up of exclusive events and giveaways will give DC UNIVERSE annual members unique experiences they would not have access to anywhere else. A DC UNIVERSE membership opens the door for a chance to attend exclusive signings, screenings and private gatherings, including:
An all-inclusive trip to San Diego awarded in a sweepstakes through the DC UNIVERSE service*
Passes to the exclusive screening of the premiere of DC Spotlight: Shazam, a behind-the-scenes documentary
VIP tickets to attend Batman's induction into the Comic Con Museum Hall of Fame
Access to sign-up for a members-only signing with Jim Lee, world-renowned comic book artist, writer, editor and Publisher of DC
A chance to attend a private, DCU member brunch on a yacht in the San Diego Marina with surprise talent appearances and special giveaways
For more information about exclusive DCU member events and benefits, click here.
The combined DC/Warner Bros. booth (#4545) will be located in the entertainment section of the exhibit hall, in close proximity to Artists' Alley, and will feature exclusive DCU giveaways, artist signings and a special experience that will take them into the realm of Harley Quinn:
Get an immersive glimpse into the world of the highly-anticipated, upcoming adult-animated comedy series Harley Quinn in a special booth activation that takes fans inside the comically twisted world of the new series with an Arkham interactive tour
With purchase of an annual DC UNIVERSE membership on-site and online, fans will receive an exclusive gift set of four limited-edition comic books with new variant covers, including YOUNG JUSTICE: OUTSIDERS #1, DETECTIVE COMICS #1000, SAGA OF SWAMP THING #21, and DOOM PATROL #19
DCU members will have the opportunity to collect an original series print every day in the redemption area of the DC booth. The prints, inspired by DC UNIVERSE Original Series, were made by pop culture artists Doaly, Cliff Cramp, Chris Thornley, and Ruiz Burgos
DC UNIVERSE is celebrating summer with a fun, fresh creative campaign leading up to Comic-Con that invites fans to engage and share their love of DC. More to come as the campaign rolls out through summer. Fans will spot DCU billboards, buses and convention center signage that showcase a pantheon of DC characters and the role they play in the lives of fans.
DC UNIVERSE premiered as the first-of-its-kind digital subscription service at San Diego Comic-Con in 2018, ahead of the service's September launch.
*NO PURCHASE NECESSARY. Void where prohibited. Open only to legal residents of the 48 contiguous U.S. or DC who are 18 or older. More information available here.
https://www.firstcomicsnews.com/dc-universe-storms-san-diego-comic-con-international-with-powerhouse-panel-line-up-fan-events-and-member-exclusives/https://www.firstcomicsnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/DC-Universe-logo-600x257.pnghttps://www.firstcomicsnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/DC-Universe-logo-150x64.png 2019-07-02T14:08:13-07:00 First Comics NewsNewscomic,diego,international,panel,powerhouse,storms,universe
All-Star DC UNIVERSE Panels to Showcase Original Series Titans, Doom Patrol, Young Justice: Outsiders, Harley Quinn and DC Daily - Promising Sneak Peeks, First Look Screenings and Breaking News DC UNIVERSE Members at Comic-Con Get Exclusive Access to Events, Special Signings and Limited-Edition Giveaways BURBANK, Calif. – July 2, 2019 –...
comicdiegointernationalpanelpowerhousestormsuniverse
Watching the San Diego Comic-Con From Home – What You Might Have Missed
Overstreet #50 in Comic Shops Now
Legendary Game of Heroes and The Boys comic partnership
Free Superb Comic Creator Apps for Students
Top 5 Mobile Game Apps for Comic Book Fans


text:
The Legal 500 Future Lawyers
Private Practice Powerlists
The Legal 500 > Latin America > Latin America: International firms > Latin America: International firms > City Focus - Houston
The Legal 500
Global Green Guide
United Kingdom - Solicitors
United Kingdom - The Bar
Latin America: International firms
City Focus - Houston
City focus - Miami
Compliance and investigations
Projects and energy
Coverage By Practice AreaLatin America: International firms
Back to Latin America
Browse all firms with extended profiles for Latin America: International firms
Coverage by Edition
Coverage by Country
Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld LLP
Baker Botts L.L.P.
Haynes and Boone, SC
Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP
Vinson & Elkins LLP
White & Case LLP
Firms To Watch: City Focus - Houston
Womble Bond Dickinson has a growing Latin America practice directed from the firm's Houston office by 2021-hire José Luis Vittor, a transactional and finance specialist with particular expertise in the projects and infrastructure sector. The practice was notably strengthened in July 2022 with the incorporation of Francisco Balduzzi; formerly the head of legal for Latin America at Barrick Gold, he is a corporate, transactional and capital markets expert with particular expertise in energy, natural resources and mining. (Both Vittor and Balduzzi are Argentine-qualified and registered as foreign legal consultants with the Texas State Bar).
View Firm Profile
City Focus - Houston in Latin America: International firms
Houston and wider Texas has strong connections to Latin America, especially its neighbour, Mexico. The latter's recent efforts to liberalise its oil-and-gas industry, gave rise to a wave of investment and cross-border activity with the US, before current president Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador (AMLO) reversed the energy reforms. This has shifted -rather than halted- the opportunities for international law firms, which continue to work on a range of ongoing and new engagements, including disputes and a further rise in renewable energy projects. With that said, as the end of AMLO's administration begins to hove into view, permits granted to foreign operators nevertheless remain under threat, currently, due to efforts to favour power supplies provided by state-owned power utility, Comision Federal de Electricidad (CFE). Beyond Houston's historical relations with Mexico, the legal community has over time developed its geographical reach to act on a variery of Latin American deals and disputes, from Central America right down to Argentina. Indeed, given its oil and gas heritage, Houston has become a major centre for international arbitration expertise with firms such as King & Spalding LLP having large teams located there and which have amassed considerable experience in Latin America-related disputes. Indeed, with the recent emergence of Texas as a key 'third point' in the United States' new political geography, so the State's legal offerings have evolved with Dallas (corporate & transactional matters), San Antonio (administrative law) and Austin (new tech and digital content) all gaining additional significance; The Legal 500 will be increasing coverage of these developments in future editions.
Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld LLP 's substantial presence in Houston has brought it considerable success in Mexico's oil and gas and broader energy industries. In the energy transition segment, it has achieved further growth in LNG, solar, wind and green hydrogen projects. Moreover, it has continued to build-out its estimable record in LNG projects right across Latin America. Matt Kapinos is an experienced figure in Latin America energy and infrastructure projects and M&A transactions. Gabriel Procaccini is another energy specialist with particular expertise in midstream-oil projects and LNG. Both are based in Houston.
Baker Botts L.L.P.'s long history in Houston, as well as its deep energy-centric emphasis as a firm, has brought it an impressive business in Latin America where it frequently advises on project development, project finance and M&A transactions. This is especially true in Mexico, Central America and Brazil, where it continues to gain ever more prominence in LNG (a true forte for the firm), and renewables projects; notably it has worked on a series of LNG-to-power and gas-to-power matters. The team is also active advising clients on investments into, or on the acquisition of, projects. Carlos Solé is an immensely experienced practitioner in Latin America's LNG and renewables sectors. David Jetter provides further senior expertise in LNG and other energy infrastructure projects. Taylor López is a key associate.
Carlos Solé
The AES Corporation
Sempra LNG and Sempra Gas & Midstream
Techgen
Represented The AES Corporation in connection with a 10-year strategic alliance with Google to accelerate the growth and adoption of clean energy by leveraging Google Cloud technology to pioneer innovation in the sector.
Assisted Sempra with the development, marketing and joint-venture matters connected to the brownfield development of an LNG export project co-located and integrated with the existing Energía Costa Azul (ECA) regasification facility in Mexico.
Advised Techgen, the operator of a 1025MW power plant in Northern Mexico, on natural gas purchases, related pipeline transportation contracts, and US regulatory matters connected to the export of natural gas to Mexico from the US.
Haynes and Boone, L.L.P.
Haynes and Boone, L.L.P. has deep roots in Houston, where is has serviced Latin America transactions and disputes for decades. Historically, it has had strong connections to Mexico, where it has been a significant player in energy transactions, including oil and gas, and power deals. Beyond Mexico, it has extensive geographic coverage right down through Central America, to Colombia, Peru, Chile and Argentina. With its continuing focus on Mexico, the Houston office has retained a significant flow of inbound and outbound transactions, and remains industry opportunistic – notably in the fields of fintech, telecoms, food and beverages, and manufacturing, among others. Ricardo Garcia-Moreno and George Gonzalez are experienced figures in energy (including oil and gas) transactions in Mexico, although both operate across industry sectors and in multiple jurisdictions in the region. The wider Houston team provides wide-ranging expertise, including bankruptcy and restructuring. The group also frequently works alongside Latin America-focused colleagues in its Dallas headquarters, notably Alberto de la Peña, and its large Mexico City office, along with additional Latin America specialists in New York and Washington DC.
Ricardo Garcia-Moreno
Hogan Lovells US LLP has a long history in Latin America and its Houston office now plays a key role in a wider practice that includes teams in Brazil, Mexico, Miami and New York. Bruno Ciuffetelli, co-chair of the Latin America group, is an immensely experienced Latin America specialist with an extensive record in the oil and gas sector, and a reputation for representing sovereign states and quasi-sovereign entities in big-ticket engagements, such as Petroleos de Venezuela (PDVSA) and the Ministry of Finance of Ecuador. A Houston team led by Bruce Oakley and Aaron Crane was engaged by the US-recognised government of Venezuela, led by Juan Guaidó, to represent PDVSA and its subsidiaries in a series of claims arising from actions undertaken by Nicolás Maduro's administration.
Bruno Ciuffetelli
Petroleos de Venezuela (PDVSA)
Assured Guaranty Municipal Corporation
Marshal Excelsior
Ministry of Finance of Ecuador
TC Energy
KDB Infrastructure Investments Asset Management Co
Harbour Group
Wintershall DEA
Engaged by the US-recognised government of Venezuela, led by Juan Guaidó, to represent PDVSA and its subsidiaries in a series of claims arising from actions taken by Nicolás Maduro's administration.
Advised Assured Guaranty Municipal Corporation, as insurer and US sponsor, on the $209m social bond issuance by Patrimonio Autónomo Montes de María.
Represented Marshal Excelsior in the acquisition of Xanor de Mexico, a manufacturer of specialty valves used in severe service applications.
King & Spalding LLP's Houston office has a longstanding focus on Latin America oil-and-gas projects and transactions, along with major international arbitration cases. The firm's outstanding reputation in international arbitration has its roots in Houston, where the team has a longstanding focus on Latin America, including in Brazil, Peru, Ecuador, Mexico and more recently, Chile. Much of the practice continues to centre on investor-state disputes, but it has achieved particular growth in commercial arbitrations thanks to its success in Brazil in particular. A number of Houston partners, including Doak Bishop
, Craig Miles and Wade Coriell, were part of the team that represented Chevron in an investment treaty arbitration against the Republic of Ecuador seated in the Hague, arising out of a $9.5bn Ecuadorian court judgment against Chevron for alleged environmental harm caused by historical oilfield operations. In addition, Roberto Aguirre Luzi co-heads the Latin America international arbitration practice. The Houston office remains a market leader in LNG projects, especially in Brazil, Mexico, Uruguay, Colombia and Dominican Republic, and has further expertise in energy transition projects. Scott Greer heads the global energy and construction transactions practices, and David Lang is a leader in LNG deals in Latin America.
Tracie Renfroe; Scott Greer
Arroyo Energy Investment Partners
Corporación América
Cosan
Desarrollo Vial de los Andes
Exterran
Joint venture of Grupo Gondi and WestRock Company Mexico Pacific
MODEC, Mitsui & Co, Marubeni Corporation and Mitsui OSK Lines
NIC Holding Corporation
Odyssey Marine Exploration
Pemcorp
Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority
Sociedad Aeroportuaria Kuntur Wasi
The Renco Group
WeBuild
Represented Air Canada in an ICSID arbitration against Venezuela relating to the blocked repatriation of ticket-sale revenues in the country.
Represented Chevron in an investment treaty arbitration against the Republic of Ecuador seated in the Hague, arising out of a $9.5bn Ecuadorian court judgment against Chevron for alleged environmental harm caused by historical oilfield operations.
Represented Gente Oil Ecuador in UNCITRAL arbitration against the Republic of Ecuador concerning the breach and repudiation of a service agreement for the exploration, exploitation and production of hydrocarbons in an Amazonian oilfield.
Mayer Brown's Houston office has a pivotal role in the firm's successful Latin America practice. Houston partners Pablo Ferrante and Jose Valera are established names in energy M&A, especially in the oil and gas, power and renewables sectors; this includes the M&A transactions involving offshore oil-and-gas blocks. Ferrante headed a group that advised Ecopetrol on the sale of a 50% stake in Offshore International Group to De Jong Capital. Moreover, the office is directly linked into the Brazilian oil and gas sector with global head of the firm's oil and gas practice, Alexandre Chequer (a figure of unrivalled stature in the Brazilian hydrocarbons sector) dividing his time between Rio de Janeiro and Houston, as does senior associate Leandro Duarte Alves. However, the team is not solely wedded to the energy sector and has experience in a variety of industries; in a case in point, Valera led a team that advised Warner Media on the sale of a Chilean television channel to ViacomCBS Networks International. Additionally, Gerami Granello's real estate practice has a significant Latin American aspect; and at associate level, dual-qualifed (Venezuela/Texas) Federica Castro focuses on corporate matters, M&A and energy-project development. However, energy projects specialist Vera De Brito De Gyarfas moved in house as general counsel of NextDecade in July 2021.
Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP's Houston office operates as a major hub for its Latin America practice. It has a lengthy track-record in oil and gas (including LNG) projects and M&A, and is a growing force in renewables and energy transition, including green hydrogen projects. The Houston team is closely involved in Brazil's oil and gas market, in engagements ranging from M&A, project development and project finance, with native Portuguese speaker Felipe Alice having a pivotal role. The team has an impressive array of lender and corporate clients, including representing Latin American businesses on corporate and regulatory matters relating to their operations or interests in the US. John Crespo is a native of Bolivia and co-heads the Latin America group, focusing on projects and energy, including oil and gas M&A transactions and projects. Humberto Padilla Gonzalez was educated in Mexico, is admitted to practice in Mexico, Texas and New York, and has a broad-based practice, including cross-border deals between Latin America and the US. All partner while primarily known for their expertise in energy transactions, operate across multiple sectors.
John Crespo
Grupo Lala
Ranman USA
Mirabilis Homes
Patriotic Energies and Technologies
Sigga Technologies
Decartes Systems Group
Dellner Industrial
Advised Lala US on regulatory and corporate matters associated with its operations in the US.
Advised Patriotic Energies and Technologies on acquisition finance transactions.
Represented Sigga Technologies in connection with its corporate and tax restructuring, and in the disposition of a majority stake in its business as a developer of SAP-integrated platforms.
Norton Rose Fulbright's Houston office houses a large and prominent international arbitration team that has amassed considerable experience in Latin America cases. It handles an impressive mix of commercial and investor-state disputes, notably in the oil-and-gas and natural-resources sectors. Mark Baker
is global co-head of international arbitration and is a prominent figure in Latin America cases; he led the team that defended Vicinay Cadenas against product liability, gross negligence and fraud claims brought by Petrobras America and a syndicate of London-based insurers in arbitration proceedings in Houston and associated litigation in Spain and the US. Kevin O'Gorman and newly elected partner Denton Nichols are also international arbitration specialists with a particular focus on Latin America.
Reed Smith LLP 's Houston office is a pivotal part of its wider Latin America practice, offering extensive expertise in international arbitration and commercial litigation, along with energy, natural resources and infrastructure. Francisco Rivero frequently represents multinationals and international investors in Latin America-related international arbitrations, including investment treaty claims; his cases involve multiple Latin American states. Counsel William Russell is another seasoned international arbitration specialist with a focus on oil and gas, construction and commercial arbitrations; he is a fluent Spanish speaker and a member of the Latin America group. In Nicolas Borda, the Houston office also has a practitioner with huge experience in US-Mexico projects and transactions, particularly in the oil and gas sector; he is licensed to practice in the US and Mexico.
Sidley Austin LLP's Houston office is at the heart of the firm's Latin America projects and energy practice. A senior team, which includes Latin America oil and gas, LNG and renewables specialist, Brian Bradshaw, consistently lands big ticket engagements from private equity houses, lenders, project sponsors and developers, and commodity traders, among others. Bradshaw has worked on a number of recent headline LNG and renewables transactions. Timothy Chandler is also noted for energy and infrastructure (including fibre-optic cables) investments in Latin America, particularly for private equity houses; he previously lived and worked in Brazil.
Squire Patton Boggs' Houston office has a major focus on Latin America, particularly Brazil. Paula Galhardo is dual-qualified in Brazil and New York and leads the firm's Brazil desk, which has a flourishing practice handling inbound and outbound M&A, along with anti-corruption compliance and investigations. Cássio Braga Arantes is a senior foreign legal consultant in Houston, having lived and worked in Brazil before moving to the US; he covers a range of practice areas, from international contracts to M&A, data privacy and investigations. Highly rated -and probably best known- for oil and gas engagements, the Houston team nevertheless operates across multiple industries and jurisdictions.
Greg Wehrer
Puerto Rico Public-Private Partnerships Authority (P3 Authority)
Represented Petroecuador in proceedings seeking discovery from WorleyParsons International, related to its work on two refinery projects in Ecuador that are subject to allegations of corruption.
Represented the Puerto Rico Public-Private Partnerships Authority (P3 Authority) in connection with a P3 project that aims to replace all water meters in Puerto Rico with modern equipment and modernise the billing and customer service operations and capabilities of the Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Sewer Authority (PRASA).
Vinson & Elkins LLP's Houston headquarters has a long history in the oil-and-gas sector and a deep affinity with Latin America. While cementing its position as a global leader in oil and gas, it has also achieved a prominent standing in power, renewables and the broader energy sphere. The office has worked intensively on oil and gas infrastructure projects between the US and Mexico, while additionally building its name in energy M&A and private equity. It now has broad geographic coverage from Mexico down to Brazil and Argentina. Mark Brasher and Alan Alexander are genuine Latin America energy experts. James Loftis heads the international arbitration group and has a solid record in Latin America cases.
New Fortress Energy
Hygo Energy Transition
Woodside Petroleum
Goldman Sachs Specialty Lending Group
MIP IV Holdings
Panama Canal Authority (ACP)
Advised New Fortress Energy in connection with LNG import terminal development and natural gas marketing and sales matters in Brazil, including the development and sale of natural gas from its Suape, Sergipe and Barcarena LNG receiving and regasification terminals.
Advised Hygo Energy Transition on its $5bn merger with New Fortress Energy.
Advised New Fortress Energy (NFE) on the development of floating LNG import and regasification facilities, and associated pipelines, power plant and transmission facilities in Baja California, Mexico, including negotiation of LNG sale-and-purchase arrangements and commercial contracts for the development, construction and operation of facilities.
White & Case LLP has built a substantial Houston office in recent years. Its Latin America corporate and M&A team is now centred there. Rodrigo Dominguez leads the Latin America M&A team and has an extensive record on transactions in multiple jurisdictions across the region. He led the team that advised QuintoAndar on its headline acquisition of operations of the Navent Group real estate platform in Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, Peru, Ecuador, and Panama; and also represented Sempra Energy on its $2.1bn stock-for-stock acquisition of the remaining stake in Infraestructura Energética Nova (IEnova), a large-scale owner and operators of renewable power assets and energy transportation and storage in Mexico. William Parish is another experienced Latin America M&A specialist, especially in the energy sector; while Emilio Grandío is an up-and-coming -and increasingly key- Latin America M&A specialist, having been promoted to partner in 2021. At associate level, Luisa Muskus also impresses with regard to Latin America M&A. On the contentious front, international arbitration partner Silvia Marchili has a fast-growing reputation.
Interview with...
Law firm partners and practice heads explain how their firms are adapting to clients' changing needs


text:
Q: ui:inputCheckbox not getting slds-styled when used as ltng:out in VF page I have a lightning component inside VF page and I am using ui:inputCheckbox there many times.

Example:

<ui:inputCheckbox aura:id="isShown" label="Show"
                          class="slds-checkbox"
                          labelClass="slds-form-element__label"/>

However, I am not able to get it styled like slds as below:

Instead it is shown like the old one:

The styling applies to other elements but not only to checkbox. Also, there is no thing as lightning:checkbox. How to get it styled slds way? When added the component to lightning app builder, this style applies but not when added in a VF page.

A: Below is what did I did to get the slds style on checkboxes.

    <ui:inputCheckbox value="{!v.isShown}" />

    Show

A: We can also use lightning:input of type checkbox where it automatically applies SLDS and hence is easier to use. It has disadvantage of event.getSource() function not working though, but only till Winter17 as from Spring 17 , it will be supported.

A: lightning:input is still in beta: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.lightning.meta/lightning/aura_compref_lightning_input.htm, thus cannot use it.


text:
The Danish Girl all set for Indian TV premiere
The Danish Girl is set to premiere on Indian television on Sunday, almost seven months after its scheduled telecast was cancelled due to objections by the Central Board Of Film Certification (CBFC). The Danish Girl was commercially successful and also received positive reviews.
By: IANS | New Delhi | Updated: October 10, 2017 5:17:42 pm
'The Danish Girl' received positive reviews overall.
Hollywood film The Danish Girl is set to premiere on Indian television on Sunday, almost seven months after its scheduled telecast was cancelled due to objections by the Central Board Of Film Certification (CBFC). "After a long wait, the critically acclaimed film Danish Girl is finally going to premiere in India this Sunday October 15, 2017 on Sony Le PLEX HD," read a statement from the channel.
The Tom Hooper directorial tells the story of a Danish painter who explores his sexual identity despite the strong social stigma, and supported by his wife, he becomes one of the first recipients of a sex reassignment surgery. The screenplay was written by English screenwriter Lucinda Coxon.
It was earlier to be showcased on March 26, but a tweet from the channel had said then that the TV premiere had to be cancelled as the "necessary certification" to enable telecast of the movie had not been received. A source had told IANS on condition of anonymity that the CBFC had reportedly found it a "sensitive storyline" and had banned it.
Based on the best-selling novel by David Ebershoff, The Danish Girl also has acclaimed performances by Eddie Redmayne and Alicia Vikander, who won an Oscar in the Best Supporting Actress category for this role. Eddie Redmayne was also nominated for an Academy Award in the Best Actor category.
Ebershoff had told IANS in an interview that there is still a long way to go to erase the stigmas around transgenders and their position. The Danish Girl was commercially successful and also received positive reviews. It holds a rating of 68% in Rotten Tomatoes, a site which collects reviews by major critics and gives an aggregate score.


THIS PRODUCT IS GOING TO CHANGE THE WAY RODENT SERVICES ARE LOOKED AT! We have two sites now that have had many sightings and catches over the past two years and since we have deployed this product, we have had almost no more activity. My branch will be using this product for the foreseeable future. Thoroughly impressed!
The good news is, your product is doing very well for us in our June book. And that makes me very happy. I will also say that we have personally used your product here at the office. We have a very difficult problem with geese. Or I should say had. Someone suggested to me that geese are herbivores like deer and rabbits and that using a general all purpose animal repellant might do the trick. Your company was kind enough to send me 6 containers quite some time ago and I used 4 of them on the lawn outside our front door. And I am telling you the geese are now across the street and haven't returned in two full days. No more messes on the sidewalk and angry pecking on the way to our cars! We are so happy with your product. We only have 2 containers left and I'm sure we'll use them again when the geese return.
We just started using the Weiser's Nature's Defense from Soergel's and it has worked great. This is the first spring in many years that our flowers are growing and not totally destroyed by the deer. We are very excited about using the packets around our landscaping as the deer have stripped at least twenty of our trees bare the last few years. Thanks again and hope all goes well for you.
Hi.... The person at Glenshaw Feed recommended your product as a way to keep dogs away. We have over an acre and are surrounded on all sides by woods and people with many acres and so we have about 5 dogs running free, all of whom love our yard to poop in. (Not to mention a pot-bellied pig, raccoons, etc. ) I have found limited success using your product but only if I re-apply in the worst areas every two days or so. That's ok…it's better than before. But I see dogs aren't mentioned on the site and I wonder if you have another recommendation.
I am a homeowner living near a reservoir and protected land which is a haven for deer.
I purchased Nature's Defense 60 day waterproof packs last year from Harris Seed Co. Your product worked beautifully and all my bushes, shrubs and flowers remained intact.
Your product is so much easier to apply, your label instructions is so much better and I love the consistency of the material. I am looking forward to this being an Indiana choice for snake and rodent control. I have tested it around some small raised bed gardens for rabbit and opossum and it has worked great in that way. The sight with snakes has been clear thus far after 3 weeks... so far, I am very happy. Please let me know about the deer packs you have that are for extended prevention that has a lot of interest from my customers as well. Thank You"


text:
ELEVEN PER CENT rise in police council tax precept planned - but still not enough says Lincolnshire's commissioner
Published: 14:44 Thursday 31 January 2019
Lincolnshire's Police and Crime Commissioner is looking to raise his force's part of the council tax precept by a staggering 11 per cent — but he says he still will not be able to meet the shortfall in funding.
PCC Marc Jones has taken advantage of a government relaxation on tax policy for this year which allows an increase of up to £24 for a Band D property — his increase equates to £23.94, just 6p off that figure.
It is estimated the rise will bring in £5,495,000 more than 2018/19.
In a report before the Lincolnshire Police and Crime Panel, Marc Jones will tell councillors that despite the rise: "I will be unable to bridge the funding gap for 2019/20 without using my remaining reserves available for budgetary support, and requiring the Chief Constable to make savings."
He says that £1 million of reserves and £3.2 million budget savings will still be required to start addressing a potential gap of £6.9 million by 2022/23.
Mr Jones warned: "To achieve financial balance beyond 2019/20, it is clear that, without a more equitable slice of the national police grant, or substantial precept rises in future years, Lincolnshire would see significant degradation of service.
"That would undoubtedly take the form of fewer police officers, Police Community Support Officers (PCSOs), and the staff who support them."
The budget will include £900,000 for victims' services, £600,000 for crime and disorder reduction grants, a total of £56.4 million will be spent on police officer salaries and £3.2 million on PCSO salaries.
Mr Jones said that by 2022/23 the force will target a workforce of 1,100 officers — but warned that funding levels "dictate reductions below this level are required to balance the budget".
Mr Jones told Local Democracy Reporter Daniel Jaines the decision to "increase the burden on hard pressed taxpaying residents is a huge responsibility and one I do not take lightly".
"The results of my extensive crime and policing survey, one of the most comprehensive ever carried out in Lincolnshire, make clear the overwhelming majority of residents living in all types of property, of all ages, genders and locations across the county support the change proposed or indeed an even greater increase," he said.
"With prudent use of reserves and investment in the right tools for the job the Chief Constable and I have been able to maximise the number of officers available to bear down on crime, keeping Lincolnshire one of the safest places to live in the country.
"With reserves exhausted and the long-awaited funding distribution review from Government still under discussion, it would not be possible to maintain the high standards that our communities deserve from Lincolnshire Police without additional support from all of us through our council tax contributions.
"Even with the proposed changes, there remains a huge challenge for the Chief in managing increased cost pressures with the lowest amount of funding per head of population of any force in England.
"I never lose sight of the fact that every penny spent delivering policing in Lincolnshire comes from the pockets of hard working taxpayers and my commitment to spending that money effectively and making our communities feel and be safe will remain my priority for as long as I have the honour to remain Police and Crime Commissioner for Lincolnshire."
His report does praise the new Command and Control system, which he says will enable better use of resources, and investment to improve staff productivity.
According to a consultation from Mr Jones completed in January, of the 3,449 responses received, 83 per cent said funding should be increased.
Only 15 per cent of respondents said they would pay no more than a 10 per cent increase in the precept, nearly a fifth would not pay a rise of 15 per cent and the figure jumped to 39 per cent when a rise of 20 per cent was suggested.
Only 16 per cent of people said they would not be prepared to pay any more at all, while two per cent of respondents called for a reduction.
The PCC's report says that he would currently be targeting a two per cent rise next year.
The £24 increase for band D properties would add to the £60.93 increase to council tax planned by Lincolnshire County Council, plus increases by district councils (North Kesteven is proposing a £4.95 increase) and parish councils (Sleaford Town Council proposes a £2 rise). Meaning average bills are expected to rise by just short of £100 for the coming year.


text:
\section{Introduction}
All graphs in this paper are simple. A {\em tree decomposition $(T, \chi)$} of a graph $G$ consists of a tree $T$ and a map $\chi: V(T) \to 2^{V(G)}$, satisfying the following properties:
\begin{enumerate}[(i)]
    \item For all $v \in V(G)$, there exists $t \in V(T)$ with $v \in \chi(t)$;

    \item For all $uv \in E(G)$, there exists $t \in V(T)$ with $u, v \in \chi(t)$; and

    \item For all $v \in V(G)$, the set $\{t \in V(T): v \in \chi(t)\}$ induces a connected subtree of $T$.
\end{enumerate}
The {\em width} of a tree decomposition $(T, \chi)$ is equal to $\max_{v \in V(T)} |\chi(t)| - 1$. The {\em treewidth} of a graph $G$ is the minimum width of a tree decomposition of $G$. Treewidth is an important graph parameter for a number of reasons. Graphs with bounded treewidth have nice structural and algorithmic properties; in particular, many \textsf{NP}-hard algorithmic problems can be solved in polynomial time in graphs with bounded treewidth. In their celebrated Grid Minor Theorem, Robertson and Seymour provided a complete characterization of graphs with bounded treewidth with respect to the subgraph relation. In particular, they proved that every graph of large treewidth contains a subdivision of a graph called a {\em wall} as a subgraph (see \cite{wallpaper} for a full definition of wall), and this subgraph has big treewidth.
\begin{lemma}[\cite{GMV}]
\label{lemma:gridthm}
There is a function $f : \mathbb{N} \to \mathbb{N}$ such that every graph of treewidth at least
$f(k)$ contains a subdivision of the $(k \times k)$-wall as a subgraph. \end{lemma}

An {\em induced subgraph} of a graph $G$ is a graph $H$ with $V(H) \subseteq V(G)$ and for all $u, v \in V(H)$, $uv \in E(H)$ if and only if $uv \in E(G)$. For a graph $H$, a graph $G$ is {\em $H$-free} if $G$ does not contain an induced subgraph isomorphic to $H$. For a set of graphs $\mathcal{H}$, a graph $G$ is {\em $\mathcal{H}$-free} if $G$ is $H$-free for all $H \in \mathcal{H}$. Graph classes defined by forbidden induced subgraphs (also known as {\em hereditary graph classes}) are important areas of interest and research in structural graph theory, but unlike in the case of subgraphs, the relationship between induced subgraphs and treewidth is not well understood. There are four known graph classes that are induced subgraph obstructions to bounded treewidth: complete graphs, complete bipartite graphs, subdivided walls, and line graphs of subdivided walls. Any hereditary graph class with bounded treewidth must exclude a fixed complete graph, a fixed complete bipartite graph, subdivisions of a fixed wall, and line graphs of subdivisions of a fixed wall.  Recently, Korhonen \cite{Korhonen} proved that in the case of bounded maximum degree, these are the only induced subgraph obstructions to bounded treewidth. Therefore, the focus now is to determine which graph classes of unbounded degree have bounded treewidth. Several previous papers in this series have proven that certain hereditary graph classes of unbounded degree have bounded treewidth; see \cite{onenbr, pyramiddiamond}. Graph classes in which treewidth is bounded by a logarithmic function of the number of vertices have also been studied (\cite{logpaper, stephan}).

 A graph $G$ is {\em $t$-clean} if $G$ does not contain a subdivision of the $(t \times t)$-wall, the line graph of a subdivision of the $(t \times t)$-wall, $K_t$, or $K_{t, t}$ as an induced subgraph. Note that any graph of bounded treewidth must be $t$-clean for some $t \geq 0$. Let $\mathcal{F}$ be a hereditary graph class. We say that $\mathcal{F}$ is {\em special} if every $t$-clean graph in $\mathcal{F}$ has bounded treewidth. A graph $G$ is {\em $ISK_4$-free} if $G$ does not contain a subdivision of $K_4$ as an induced subgraph. A {\em wheel $(H, v)$} consists of a hole $H$ and a vertex $v$ such that $v$ has at least three neighbors in $H$. A cycle $C$ has a {\em unique chord} if it has exactly one chord (see also the definition below). A graph $G$ does not contain a cycle with a unique chord if every cycle of $G$ has either no chords or at least two chords. Previously, ($ISK_4$, wheel)-free graphs and the class of graphs that do not contain a cycle with a unique chord were studied and structure theorems obtained for both classes (\cite{ISK4, Vuskovic-Trotignon}). In this paper, we use these structure theorems and results about treewidth and certain cutsets to prove that ($ISK_4$, wheel)-free graphs are special and that graphs that do not contain a cycle with a unique chord are special.

 Previous results in this series use ``central bag methods'' to decompose graphs along well-chosen cutsets such as clique cutsets and star cutsets. Roughly, the central bag method allows us to show that the treewidth of a ``less complicated'' induced subgraph $\beta$ of $G$ is bounded, and that $\tw(G) \leq f(\tw(\beta))$ for some function $f$.  In this paper, we also decompose along well-chosen cutsets that interact well with treewidth, and so we are likewise able to simplify the problem of bounding the treewidth of $G$ to the problem of bounding the treewidth of an induced subgraph of $G$. It turns out that the different cutsets present in these graph classes (clique cutsets, 2-cutsets, and 1-joins) also interact well with each other, so the full strength of the central bag method is unnecessary. Instead, in this case, relating the treewidth of $G$ to the treewidth of the ``less complicated'' induced subgraph is easy. The results in this paper thus follow relatively straightforwardly from the properties of these cutsets and from existing structure theorems about the graph classes. Our results about the cutsets, in particular Theorem \ref{thm:prime}, could be applied to other graph classes that are decomposable along 2-cutsets.

This paper is organized as follows. In Section \ref{sec:cutsets}, we describe the relationship between 2-cutsets and treewidth. In Section \ref{sec:ISK4}, we prove that ($ISK_4$, wheel)-free graphs are special. In Section \ref{sec:unique-chords}, we prove that graphs with no cycle with a unique chord are special.
\subsection{Definitions}
In this paper, we use induced subgraphs and their vertex sets interchangeably. A {\em path} is a graph $P$ with vertex set $\{p_1, \hdots, p_k\}$ and edge set $\{p_1p_2, \hdots, p_{k-1}p_k\}$. We write $P = p_1 \hbox{-} \cdots \hbox{-} p_k$. The {\em length} of $P$ is the number of vertices of $P$. The vertices $p_1$ and $p_k$ are the {\em ends} of $P$. The {\em interior of $P$}, denoted $P^*$, is $P \setminus \{p_1, p_k\}$. A {\em cycle} is a graph $C$ with vertex set $\{c_1, \hdots, c_k\}$ and edge set that includes $\{c_1c_2, \hdots, c_{k-1}c_k, c_kc_1\}$. We write $C = c_1 \hbox{-} \cdots \hbox{-} c_k \hbox{-} c_1$. An edge of a cycle that is not listed above is called a {\em chord}. (Note that this is a nonstandard way to define a cycle). A cycle with no chords is called a {\em hole}. Let $G$ be a graph. A {\em clique of $G$} is a subset $C \subseteq V(G)$ such that every pair of vertices in $C$ are adjacent. Two disjoint sets $X, Y \subseteq V(G)$ are {\em complete} ({\em anticomplete}) if $xy \in E(G)$ ($xy \not \in E(G)$) for all $x \in X$, $y \in Y$. The {\em neighborhood} of a vertex $v$, denoted $N(v)$, is defined as $N(v) = \{u \in V(G) : uv \in E(G)\}$. If $uv \in E(G)$, then the graph $G'$ formed by {\em subdividing edge $uv$} is given by $V(G') = V(G) \cup \{w\}$, $E(G') = (E(G) \setminus \{uv\}) \cup \{uw, wv\}$.

\section{2-cutsets and treewidth}
\label{sec:cutsets}

In this section, we describe several results about how clique cutsets and 2-cutsets interact with treewidth. Let $G$ be a graph. A {\em clique cutset} of $G$ is a clique $C$ of $G$ such that $G \setminus C$ is not connected. A {\em 2-cutset} is a pair of vertices $u, v \in V(G)$ such that $G \setminus \{u, v\}$ is not connected. A 2-cutset $\{u, v\}$ is {\em proper} if $G \setminus \{u, v\}$ can be partitioned into two components $(X, Y)$ such that $X$ is anticomplete to $Y$ and $|X|, |Y| \geq 2$. Let $G$ be a graph and let $\{u, v\}$ be a proper 2-cutset of $G$. Let $C$ be a connected component of $G \setminus \{u, v\}$. The {\em closure} of $C$, denoted $\cl(C)$, is obtained from the graph induced by $C \cup \{u, v\}$ by adding edge $uv$. The {\em strong closure} of $C$, denoted $\cl^*(C)$, is the graph formed from $\cl(C)$ by subdividing the edge $uv$ exactly once.

First, we remark that clique cutsets do not affect
treewidth.  For $X \subseteq V(G)$, we let $\comps(G \setminus X)$ denote the set of connected components of $G \setminus X$.
\begin{lemma}[\cite{clique-cutsets-tw}]
Let $G$ be a graph. Then, the treewidth of $G$ is equal to the maximum treewidth
over all induced subgraphs of $G$ with no clique cutset.
\label{lemma:clique-cutsets-tw}
\end{lemma}
Next, we state a similar result for 2-cutsets. A connected graph $G$ has a {\em 1-cutset} if there exists $v \in V(G)$ such that $G \setminus \{v\}$ has at least two connected components. Note that a 1-cutset is a clique cutset.

\begin{lemma}[\cite{clique-cutsets-tw}]
Let $G$ be a graph with no 1-cutset and let $\{u, v\}$ be a 2-cutset of $G$. Then, $\tw(G) = \max_{C \in \comps(G \setminus\{u, v\})} \tw(\cl(C))$.
\label{lemma:2-cutset-subdivided-tw-1}
\end{lemma}

The following lemma states that subdividing an edge does not increase treewidth.

\begin{lemma}
Suppose $G$ is a graph with $\tw(G) =k$. Let $uv$ be an edge of $G$, and let $G'$ be the graph formed by subdividing edge $uv$ exactly once. Then, $\tw(G') = k$.
\end{lemma}
\begin{proof}
If $G$ is a forest, then $G'$ is a forest and the result holds, so we may assume $k \geq 2$. Let $w$ be the unique vertex of $V(G') \setminus V(G)$. Let $(T, \chi)$ be a tree decomposition of $G$ of width $k$. Let $t \in V(T)$ be such that $\{u, v\} \subseteq \chi(t)$. Let $T'$ be the tree formed from $T$ by adding vertex $t'$ adjacent to vertex $t$, and let $\chi'$ be the map given by $\chi'(t) = \chi(t)$ if $t \neq t'$, and $\chi'(t') = \{u, w, v\}$. Now, $(T', \chi')$ is a tree decomposition of $G'$ with width equal to $\max(2, k) = k$. This completes the proof.
\end{proof}
Now, we have the following corollary:
\begin{lemma}
\label{lemma:2-cutset-subdivided-tw}
Let $G$ be a graph with no 1-cutset and let $\{u, v\}$ be a 2-cutset of $G$.  Then, $\tw(G) = \max_{C \in \comps({G \setminus \{u, v\})}} \tw(\cl^*(C))$.
\end{lemma}

Finally, we state the main result of this section. Let $\mathcal{F}$ be a hereditary graph class. We say that $\mathcal{F}$ is {\em 2-cutset-safe} if for every graph $G \in \mathcal{F}$ with no 1-cutset, for every 2-cutset $\{u, v\}$ of $G$, and every component $C$ of $G \setminus \{u, v\}$, either $\cl(C) \in \mathcal{F}$ or $\cl^*(C) \in \mathcal{F}$.
A graph $G$ is {\em prime} if $G$ has no clique cutset and no proper 2-cutset. Let $\mathcal{F}$ be a 2-cutset-safe graph class and let $G \in \mathcal{F}$. We construct an {\em $\mathcal{F}$ prime decomposition} of $G$ as follows. Let $G_0 = G$. If $G$ is prime, the $\mathcal{F}$ prime decomposition of $G$ is $(G_0)$. For $i \geq 1$, the sequence is defined as follows. If $G_{i-1}$ is prime, the sequence ends. If $i$ is odd, then $G_i$ is an induced subgraph of $G_{i-1}$ with no clique cutset, and subject to that, of maximum treewidth. If $i$ is even, then $G_{i-1}$ has no clique cutset but is not prime, so $G_{i-1}$ has a proper 2-cutset $\{u, v\}$.  Let $C_1, \hdots, C_m$ be the components of $G_{i-1} \setminus \{u, v\}$, and let $G_i \in \mathcal{F} \cap \{\cl(C_1), \hdots, \cl(C_m), \cl^*(C_1), \hdots, \cl^*(C_m)\}$ with maximum treewidth.  Now, $(G_0, \hdots, G_k)$ is an $\mathcal{F}$ prime decomposition of $G$, where $G_k$ is prime. We say that $G_k$ is the {\em prime base} of the decomposition.

\begin{theorem}
Let $t > 0$ and let $\mathcal{F}$ be a 2-cutset-safe hereditary graph class. Let $G \in \mathcal{F}$ and let $H$ be the prime base of an $\mathcal{F}$ prime decomposition of $G$.  Then, $\tw(G) = \tw(H)$. Further, let $\mathcal{J} \subseteq \mathcal{F}$ be the set of all prime graphs of $\mathcal{F}$. Then, $\tw(G) \leq \max_{J \in \mathcal{J}} \tw(J)$.
\label{thm:prime}
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
Let $(G_0, \hdots, G_k)$ be an $\mathcal{F}$ prime decomposition of $G$ with $G_k = H$. For $1 \leq i \leq k$, if $i$ is odd, $\tw(G_i) = \tw(G_{i-1})$ by Lemma \ref{lemma:clique-cutsets-tw}, and if $i$ is even, $\tw(G_i) = \tw(G_{i-1})$ by Lemmas \ref{lemma:2-cutset-subdivided-tw-1} and \ref{lemma:2-cutset-subdivided-tw}. It follows that $\tw(G) = \tw(H)$.

Since $H \in \mathcal{J}$ and $\tw(G) = \tw(H)$, it follows that $\tw(G) \leq \max_{J \in \mathcal{J}} \tw(J)$.
\end{proof}

\section{($ISK_4$, wheel)-free graphs}
\label{sec:ISK4}
 In this section, we use Theorem \ref{thm:prime} to prove that ($ISK_4$, wheel)-free graphs have bounded treewidth. We first state a structure theorem for ($ISK_4$, wheel)-free graphs. Following the notation of \cite{ISK4}, we define a {\em long rich square} to be a graph $G$ containing a four-vertex hole $S = u_1 \hbox{-} u_2 \hbox{-} u_3 \hbox{-} u_4$ as an induced subgraph such that every connected component $C$ of $G \setminus S$ is a path $P = p_1 \hbox{-} \cdots \hbox{-} p_k$ with $k > 1$, $P^*$ is anticomplete to $S$, and either $N(p_1) = \{u_1, u_2\}$ and $N(p_2) = \{u_3, u_4\}$, or $N(p_1) = \{u_1, u_4\}$ and $N(p_k) = \{u_2, u_3\}$. We call $S$ the {\em central square} of the long rich square $G$. A graph $G$ is {\em chordless} if every cycle of $G$ has no chord.
\begin{theorem}[\cite{ISK4}]
\label{thm:ISK4}
Let G be an ($ISK_4$, wheel)-free graph. Then either:
\begin{itemize}
    \item $G$ is series-parallel;
    \item $G$ is the line graph of a chordless graph with maximum degree at most three;
    \item $G$ is a complete bipartite graph;
    \item $G$ is a long rich square;
    \item $G$ has a clique-cutset or a proper $2$-cutset.
\end{itemize}
\end{theorem}

Note that in \cite{ISK4}, a stronger definition of proper 2-cutset is given, but it also satisfies the definition given in this paper. Next, we state a useful lemma relating the treewidth of a graph to the treewidth of its line graph.

\begin{lemma}[\cite{harvey-wood}]
\label{lemma:tw-linegraphs}
For all graphs $G$ with maximum degree $\Delta(G)$, it holds that $$\tw(L(G)) \leq (\tw(G) + 1)\Delta(G) - 1.$$
\end{lemma}
Now, we prove that ($ISK_4$, wheel)-free graphs are 2-cutset-safe.
\begin{lemma}
\label{lemma:ISK4-2-cutset-safe}
The class of ($ISK_4$, wheel)-free graphs is 2-cutset-safe.
\end{lemma}
\begin{proof}
Let $G$ be an ($ISK_4$, wheel)-free graph with no 1-cutset, let $\{u, v\}$ be a 2-cutset of $G$, let $C$ be a connected component of $G \setminus \{u, v\}$. Let $C'$ be a connected component of $G \setminus \{u, v\}$ such that $C' \neq C$. Since $G$ does not have a 1-cutset, it follows that $u$ and $v$ both have neighbors in $C'$. Let $P$ be a path from $u$ to $v$ in $C'$. Since $P \setminus \{u, v\} \subseteq C'$, it follows that $P \setminus \{u, v\}$ is anticomplete to $C$.

We claim that $\cl^*(C)$ is ($ISK_4$, wheel)-free. Let $w$ be the unique vertex of $\cl^*(C) \setminus G$. Suppose $\cl^*(C)$ contains an $ISK_4$ or a wheel, say $H$. Since $C$ is an induced subgraph of $G$ and $G$ is ($ISK_4$, wheel)-free, it follows that $w \in H$. Note that $w$ has degree 2, so $w$ is a vertex of a subdivided path. Now, the subgraph $H'$ of $G$ induced by $(H \setminus \{w\}) \cup P$ is an induced subdivision of $H$. If $H$ is an $ISK_4$, then so is $H'$; if $H$ is a wheel, then $H'$ is a wheel or an $ISK_4$, a contradiction. This completes the proof.
\end{proof}
Finally, we state the main result of this section.
\begin{theorem}
The class of ($ISK_4$, wheel)-free graphs is special.
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
Let $G$ be a $t$-clean ($ISK4$, wheel)-free graph. We show that $\tw(G) \leq 3f(t) + 2$, where $f$ is the function from Lemma \ref{lemma:gridthm}. By Lemma \ref{lemma:ISK4-2-cutset-safe}, the class of ($ISK_4$, wheel)-free graphs is 2-cutset-safe. Therefore, by Theorem \ref{thm:prime}, we may assume that $G$ does not have a clique cutset or a proper 2-cutset. Now we apply Theorem \ref{thm:ISK4}. If $G$ is series-parallel, then $\tw(G) \leq 2$ (\cite{series-parallel}). Suppose $G$ is the line graph of a chordless graph $H$ with maximum degree at most three. Then, since $G$ does not contain the line graph of a subdivision of the $(t \times t)$-wall as an induced subgraph, it follows that $H$ does not contain a subdivision of the $(t \times t)$-wall as a subgraph. By Lemma \ref{lemma:gridthm}, $\tw(H) \leq f(t)$, and thus by Lemma \ref{lemma:tw-linegraphs}, $\tw(G) \leq 3f(t) + 2$. If $G$ is a complete bipartite graph, then $\tw(G) \leq t$ (since $G$ is $t$-clean). Suppose $G$ is a long rich square with central square $S$. Then, $G \setminus S$ is a forest, so $\tw(G) \leq 5$.
This completes the proof.
\end{proof}

\section{1-joins and unique-chord-free graphs}
\label{sec:unique-chords}

In this section, we prove that graphs with no cycle with a unique chord have bounded treewidth. We use a structure theorem proven in \cite{Vuskovic-Trotignon}.  A {\em 1-join} of $G$ is a partition of $V(G)$ into two sets $X$ and $Y$ with $|X|, |Y| \geq 2$ such that there exist non-empty $A \subseteq X$ and $B \subseteq Y$ with $A$ complete to $B$, $X$ anticomplete to $Y \setminus B$, and $Y$ anticomplete to $X \setminus A$. We denote this 1-join by $(X, Y, A, B)$. In this section, we use two graph parameters similar to treewidth, called {\em rankwidth} and {\em cliquewidth}. We omit full definitions of these parameters here, since we are only concerned with how they relate to treewidth. We denote the rankwidth and the cliquewidth of a graph $G$ by $\rw(G)$ and $\cw(G)$, respectively.

First, we state a result from \cite{rw} about 1-joins and rankwidth.
\begin{lemma}[\cite{rw}]
\label{lemma:1-join-rw}
Let $G$ be a graph and let $(X, Y, A, B)$ be a 1-join of $G$. Let $a \in A$ and let $b \in B$. Then, $\rw(G) = \max(\rw(X \cup \{b\}),  \rw(Y \cup \{a\}))$.
\end{lemma}

The following results state relationships between rankwidth, cliquewidth, and treewidth.
\begin{lemma}[\cite{rw}]
\label{lemma:rw}
Let $G$ be a graph. Then, $\rw(G) \leq \cw(G) \leq 2^{\rw(G) + 1} - 1$.
\end{lemma}
\begin{lemma}[\cite{courcelle}]
\label{lemma:cw<tw}
Let $G$ be a graph. Then, $\cw(G) \leq 2^{\tw(G)+1} + 1$.
\end{lemma}
\begin{lemma}[\cite{gurski}]
\label{lemma:rw-2}
Let $t > 0$ and let $G$ be a graph with no $K_{t, t}$ subgraph. Then, $\tw(G) \leq 3(t-1)\cw(G) - 1$.
\end{lemma}
Let $R(t, t)$ denote the Ramsey number, that is, every graph with $|V(G)| \geq R(t, t)$ has either a clique or a stable set of size $t$. Now, we have a corollary of the previous lemma.
\begin{lemma}
\label{lemma:rw-corollary}
Let $t > 0$ and let $G$ be ($K_t, K_{t,t}$)-free. Then $\tw(G) \leq 3(R(t, t) - 1)2^{\rw(G) + 1} - 1$.
\end{lemma}
\begin{proof}
We claim that $G$ has no $K_{s, s}$ subgraph, where $s = R(t, t)$. Suppose $G$ has a $K_{s, s}$ subgraph with bipartition $(X, Y)$. Since $|X| = R(t, t)$, it follows that $X$ contains a clique or an independent set of size $t$. Since $G$ is $K_t$-free, it follows that $X$ contains an independent set of size $t$, say $A$. By symmetry, $Y$ contains an independent set of size $t$, say $B$. But $(A, B)$ is the bipartition of an induced $K_{t, t}$ of $G$, a contradiction. Now, by Lemma \ref{lemma:rw-2}, $\tw(G) \leq 3(R(t, t) - 1) \cw(G) - 1$, and by Lemma \ref{lemma:rw}, $\cw(G) \leq 2^{\rw(G) + 1} - 1$, and the result follows.
\end{proof}

Next, we state a structure theorem from \cite{Vuskovic-Trotignon} for graphs that do not contain a cycle with a unique chord. We begin with several definitions. The {\em Petersen graph} and the {\em Heawood graph} are two well-studied graphs on ten and fourteen vertices, respectively. A graph $G$ is {\em strongly 2-bipartite} if $G$ is $C_4$-free, bipartite, and there exists a bipartition $(X, Y)$ of $G$ such that every $x \in X$ has degree exactly 2 and every $y \in Y$ has degree at least 3. A graph $G$ has a {\em proper 1-join} if it has a 1-join $(X, Y, A, B)$ where $A$ and $B$ are stable sets of $G$ of size at least 2.

In \cite{Vuskovic-Trotignon}, the following theorem is proven:

\begin{theorem}[\cite{Vuskovic-Trotignon}]
\label{thm:unique-chord}
Let $G$ be a connected graph that does not contain a cycle with a unique chord. Then either:
\begin{itemize}
\item $G$ is strongly 2-bipartite;
\item $G$ is a hole
of length at least 7;
\item $G$ is a complete graph;
\item $G$ is an induced subgraph of the
Petersen graph or the Heawood graph;
\item $G$ has a 1-cutset, a proper 2-cutset, or a
proper 1-join.
\end{itemize}
\end{theorem}
Note that in \cite{Vuskovic-Trotignon}, a stronger definition of proper 2-cutset is given, but it also satisfies the definition given in this paper.
In the following lemma, we show that if $G$ is strongly 2-bipartite and $t$-clean, then the treewidth of $G$ is bounded.
\begin{lemma}
\label{lemma:2-bipartite}
Let $G$ be a $t$-clean strongly 2-bipartite graph. Then, there exists a function $f$ such that $\tw(G) \leq f(t)$.
\end{lemma}
\begin{proof}
For a graph $H$, let $S_H \subseteq V(H)$ denote the set of vertices of $H$ of degree at least three. By Theorem 7.1 of \cite{onenbr}, there exists a constant $w(t, \Delta)$ such that for every graph $H$, if $H$ has treewidth at least $w(t, \Delta)$ and $S_H$ has maximum degree at most $\Delta$, then $H$ contains a subdivision of the $(t \times t)$-wall or the line graph of a subdivision of the $(t \times t)$-wall as an induced subgraph. We apply this theorem to $G$. By definition of strongly 2-bipartite, it follows that $S_G$ is a partite set of a bipartition of $G$, and thus has maximum degree 0. Let $f(t) = w(t, 0)$, where $w$ is as in Theorem 7.1 of \cite{onenbr}. Now, since $G$ is $t$-clean, it follows that $\tw(G) \leq f(t)$.
\end{proof}
Next, we prove that 1-joins interact well with 1-cutsets and proper 2-cutsets.
\begin{lemma}
\label{lemma:clique-cutset-1join}
Let $G$ be a graph with no proper 1-join, let $u$ be a 1-cutset of $G$, let $C$ be a component of $G \setminus \{u\}$, and let $\overline{C} = C \cup \{u\}$.  Then, $\overline{C}$ has no proper 1-join.
\end{lemma}
\begin{proof}
Suppose that $\overline{C}$ has a proper 1-join $(X, Y, A, B)$. By symmetry, we may assume $u \in X$. Let $C_1, \hdots, C_m$ be the components of $G \setminus \{u\}$ other than $C$. For each $C_i$, it holds that $N(C_i) = \{u\}$. Now, $(X \cup C_1 \cup \cdots \cup C_m, Y, A, B)$ is a proper 1-join of $G$, a contradiction.
\end{proof}

\begin{lemma}
\label{lemma:2-cutset-1join}
Let $G$ be a graph with no proper 1-join, let $\{u, v\}$ be a proper 2-cutset of $G$, and let $C$ be a component of $G \setminus \{u, v\}$. Then, $\cl^*(C)$ has no proper 1-join.
\end{lemma}
\begin{proof}
Suppose $\cl^*(C)$ has a proper 1-join $(X, Y, A, B)$. Let $w$ be the vertex formed by subdividing edge $uv$. First, we claim that up to symmetry, $\{u, v\} \subseteq X$. Suppose for a contradiction that $u \in X$ and $v \in Y$. Since $u$ and $v$ are non-adjacent, $A$ is complete to $B$, and there are no other edges from $X$ to $Y$, we may assume that $u \in A$, $w \in B$, and $v \in Y \setminus B$. But $A$ is a stable set of size at least 2, so it follows that $|N(w)| \geq 3$, a contradiction. Therefore, we may assume that $\{u, v\} \subseteq X$. Let $C_1, \hdots, C_m$ be the components of $G \setminus \{u, v\}$ different from $C$. For each $C_i$ it holds that $N(C_i) \subseteq \{u, v\}$. Now, $(X \cup C_1 \cup \cdots \cup C_m, Y, A, B)$ is a proper 1-join of $G$, a contradiction.
\end{proof}

Now, we prove that the class of graphs with no cycle with a unique chord is 2-cutset-safe.
\begin{lemma}
\label{lemma:unique-chord-2-cutset-safe}
The class of graphs with no cycle with a unique chord is 2-cutset-safe.
\end{lemma}
\begin{proof}
Let $G$ be a graph with no cycle with a unique chord and assume that $G$ has no 1-cutset. Let $\{u, v\}$ be a 2-cutset of $G$, let $C$ be a connected component of $G \setminus \{u, v\}$, and let $w$ be the unique vertex of $\cl^*(C) \setminus G$. Let $C'$ be a connected component of $G \setminus \{u, v\}$ such that $C' \neq C$. Since $G$ does not have a 1-cutset, it follows that $u$ and $v$ both have neighbors in $C'$. Let $P$ be a path from $u$ to $v$ in $C'$. Since $P \setminus \{u, v\} \subseteq C'$, it follows that $P \setminus \{u, v\}$ is anticomplete to $C$.

Suppose that $\cl^*(C)$ contains a cycle with a unique chord, say $H = h_1 \hbox{-} \cdots \hbox{-} h_k \hbox{-} h_1$ with chord $h_ih_j$, where $1 \leq i < j - 1 \leq k$. Since $C$ is an induced subgraph of $G$ and $G$ does not contain a cycle with a unique chord, it follows that $w \in H$, and so $u, v \in H$. Because $w$ has degree 2, it follows that $w \not \in \{h_i, h_j\}$. Let $H'$ be the cycle of $G$ given by $(H \setminus \{w\}) \cup P$. Now, $H'$ is a cycle with a unique chord, a contradiction. It follows that the class of graphs with no cycle with a unique chord is 2-cutset-safe.
\end{proof}
Finally we state and prove the main theorem of this section.

\begin{theorem}
The class of graphs that do not contain a cycle with a unique chord is special.
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
Let $G$ be a $t$-clean graph that does not contain a cycle with a unique chord. We show that $\tw(G) \leq 3(R(t, t) -1)2^{2^{s+1}+2} - 1$ for $s = \max(f(t), 14)$ (where $f(t)$ is as in Lemma \ref{lemma:2-bipartite}). Suppose that $G$ has a proper 1-join $(X, Y, A, B)$. Let $a \in A$ and $b \in B$. Let $G_1 = X \cup \{b\}$ if $\rw(X \cup \{b\}) \geq \rw(Y \cup \{a\})$, and let $G_1 = Y \cup \{a\}$ otherwise. For $i \geq 1$, if $G_i$ has a proper 1-join, define $G_{i+1}$ similarly with respect to $G_{i}$, until $G_k$ has no proper 1-join. Now, it follows from Lemma \ref{lemma:1-join-rw} that $\rw(G) \leq \rw(G_k)$.

Next, we determine the treewidth of $G_k$. By Lemma \ref{lemma:unique-chord-2-cutset-safe}, $G_k$ is 2-cutset-safe. Let $H_0 = G_k$ and let $(H_0, \hdots, H_m)$ be an $\mathcal{F}$ prime decomposition of $G_k$,
where $\mathcal{F}$ is the class of graphs that do not contain a cycle with a unique chord. For $1 \leq i \leq m$, if $i$ is odd, then $H_i$ has no proper 1-join by Lemma \ref{lemma:clique-cutset-1join}, and if $i$ is even, then $H_i$ has no proper 1-join by Lemma \ref{lemma:2-cutset-1join}. Therefore, $H_m$ has no proper 1-join, and by Theorem \ref{thm:prime}, $\tw(G_k) = \tw(H_m)$.

Let $H = H_m$. Now, we apply Theorem \ref{thm:unique-chord}. If $H$ is a clique, then $\tw(H) \leq t$. If $H$ is strongly 2-bipartite, then by Lemma \ref{lemma:2-bipartite}, $\tw(H) \leq f(t)$. If $H$ is a hole, then $\tw(H) \leq 3$. If $H$ is an induced subgraph of the Petersen graph, then $\tw(G) \leq 10$ (the number of vertices in the Petersen graph). If $H$ is an induced subgraph of the Heawood graph, then $\tw(G) \leq 14$ (the number of vertices in the Heawood graph). Therefore, $\tw(H) \leq \max(f(t), 14)$, and thus $\tw(G_k) \leq \max(f(t), 14)$.

Let $s = \max(f(t), 14)$. By Lemma \ref{lemma:cw<tw}, $\cw(G_k) \leq 2^{s+1} + 1$, and by Lemma \ref{lemma:rw}, $\rw(G_k) \leq 2^{s+1} + 1$. By Lemma \ref{lemma:1-join-rw}, it follows that $\rw(G) \leq 2^{s+1} + 1$. Now, by Lemma \ref{lemma:rw-corollary}, $\tw(G) \leq 3(R(t, t) -1)2^{2^{s+1}+2} - 1$. This completes the proof.
\end{proof}

Note that in the above proof, it is sufficient to modify the definition of $\mathcal{F}$ prime decomposition to decompose by 1-cutsets instead of all clique cutsets.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv