You can find content including news and updates from media sources as well as training and awarness.
The links below may be accessed without a password and will lead you the most recent and active avenues for mental health, cancer awarness, substance abuse and information about financial aid.
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Brevard County Professional Firefighters participates in many charities and some of those charities work for you. In most cases when a member is in need the charity will be contacted to reach out to the individual in need to offer assistence. However, in some cases the indivual in need may have some questions about recieving financial help.
Links to the most up to date news concerning firefighter health and wellness.


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The ECB's stress tests: what got stressed and what do the results mean?
You've seen the headlines by now: the European Central Bank's stress tests showed 25 banks out of 130 with insufficient capital, and 12 of those have already raised further assets. The rest of Europe's tested banks (82% of total bank assets) have gotten a clean bill of health. This sounds great on paper but caused us some concern. We wanted to know for example what passing or failing the test actually means. The answer is important for understanding how strong Europe's banking system is today and how far it needs to go in the future for a full recovery.
First of all, here's a synopsis of the ECB methodology, from the full results of the stress test published on October 24 2014:
1) A sample of portfolio quality, including loans that had not been serviced in more than 90 days:
The portfolios were selected for detailed analysis following a risk-based approach, the aim being to cover those portfolios with the highest chance of material misstatements compared to available capital.
2) A pretty good review of the credit file and collateral valuation (no netting)
3) 15 special cases were evaluated including institutions with no or minimal credit risk and institutions with a high degree of intra-company transactions.
4) A test on Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1) vs. CET1 in stressed conditions:
The stress test exercise was performed under a static balance sheet assumption with the objective of achieving simplicity as well as cross-bank consistency and comparability. This implies a zero growth rate assumption for the balance sheet and the constant maturity profile of the bank's assets and liabilities over the horizon of the stress test confirmed by replacing maturing instruments with similar financial instruments in terms of type, credit quality and maturity.
Both the banking book and the trading book (including off-balance sheet items), as well as income and expenses, were subject to stress.
The adverse scenario was designed to reflect the systemic risks that were assessed as representing the most pertinent threats to the stability of the EU banking sector.
On average in the euro area, the adverse scenario leads to deviation of euro area GDP from its baseline level by -1.9% in 2014, -5.1% in 2015, and -6.6% in 2016. The euro area unemployment is higher than its baseline level, by 0.3 percentage points in 2014, by 1.2 percentage points in 2015, and by 2.2 percentage points in 2016.
The headlines in the papers are the direct result of the ECB's testing methodology. A tougher set of criteria on portfolio quality would mean a greater capital shortfall, and vice-versa. Both Bloomberg and Reuters articles cited some doubts on the outcome of the stress tests:
Bloomberg: The simulated scenario was too lenient because it didn't incorporate deflation in southern Europe, said Hans-Werner Sinn, president of Munich-based Ifo Institute. That explains why the capital shortfall was so small for many banks, he said in a statement.
Reuters "This seems as if it has been pretty unstressful," said Karl Whelan, an economist with University College Dublin. "The real issue is the size of the capital shortfall and that is very, very small. I don't feel a whole lot more reassured about the health of the banking system today than last week."
The Wall Street Journal noted some technical errors but "The issues appear to be isolated and, unlike in previous iterations of the European stress tests, don't call into question the overall credibility of the exercise, according to analysts and other experts. They said some mistakes are inevitable when compiling over a million pieces of data."
Our impression is that given the selection of portfolio samples that cannot be extrapolated to full bank holdings, this stress test is okay. It would be better to have a fuller portfolio analysis but we'll take the headlines for the time being, albeit with a small grain of salt.
Bad debt at European banks a blink test of capital rules and the resolve of governments (Premium)
ECB report shows more market instability as central bank policy is uncertain
As the US gets serious about deregulation, what will Europe do?
ISLA responds to Central Bank of Ireland and issues ALD best practices
Prime brokerage 2014 revenues from physical financing and margin (Premium Content)
Repo approved as an alternative to LIBOR – what does this actually mean?
The Powell Put: pros and cons to the Fed's intervention to sustain the US expansion
Our thoughts on CCPs and repo market efficiencies

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update! Sport: Sport, Beruf, Ausbildung und Freizeit – Wie bringe ich alles «unter einen Hut»?

Wer Leistungssport betreibt, verzichtet oft auf viele andere Tätigkeiten. Das muss nicht sein. Flurina Marti absolvierte neben ihrer Unihockey-Karriere ein Betriebsökonomie-Studium an der HTW Chur und arbeitete zeitgleich 60%.

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Have you ever considered raising chickens in your own backyard? Whether you live in the city or the country, you can raise a few hens and enjoy fresh eggs that are significantly more nutritious than commercial eggs you purchase at the supermarket.
Local laws concerning poultry vary from city to city. In a 2003 survey organized by Mother Earth News, four out of 20 cities did not permit chickens, but eight allowed an unlimited number.
In 2004, Alicia Rheal and Bryan Whiting of Madison, Wisconsin, organized a group – Mad City Chickens – to encourage a change in the laws of their area after they found out that they had been raising chickens illegally for a year. Madison's chicken laws have now been changed and the group provides information and advice on how to raise chickens and coordinate pro-poultry groups.
Photograph by Borko CiricIf cheap, nutritious eggs are tempting to you, it might be time to consider raising a few hens. With the recent rise in food prices, you'll be thankful you did.
Mother Earth News magazine's egg studies show that eggs from pastured hens are nutritionally superior. They have less cholesterol and saturated fat, four to six times more vitamin D, and more vitamin E, beta-carotene, vitamin A and omega-3s than commercial eggs. Not only will your birds be raised humanely, unlike those in a factory, you will also be provided with hours of entertainment.
If being awakened in the early morning is a concern, just get hens! Most cities won't allow roosters anyway, because they often crow loudly. Some people mistakenly think that a rooster is necessary in order to have eggs, but hens will lay eggs without a rooster. These eggs just won't have chicks! Hens are known for being quiet. They squawk a little when they lay their eggs, but normally just make a soft clucking. And by sunset, they're fast asleep.
After you decide to raise poultry, you may want to visit with your nearby neighbors. If they're unsure about your idea, talk to them about the benefits of fresh eggs. On average, three hens lay about two eggs a day during spring and summer, so you may have enough eggs to share. Your neighbors may be excited about the idea of fresh eggs. Who knows – after seeing your chickens, they may decide to get some of their own!


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'The Dark is Rising' by Susan Cooper
In the mid-2000s, I had read parts of Robert Macfarlane's book Mountains of the Mind for a Masters Degree assignment on Percy Shelley's 'Mont Blanc'. I must admit, until he appeared on my Twitter feed with his 'Words of the Day' tweets having been retweeted by someone else, I'd almost forgotten how knowledgeable he is.
How does this all link to a book by a completely different author? Well, Macfarlane and writer Julia Bird decided that, over the festive period, they would run a Twitter-based, read-along reading group based around Susan Cooper's The Dark is Rising.
The #DarkisReading and #ArtisRising hashtags were born.
The story, despite being written for a younger audience, is full of rich descriptions of landscapes and nature. Furthermore, Cooper seems particularly adept at recreating the otherworldliness of the snow-bound countryside:
"The strange white world lay stroked by silence. No birds sang. The garden was no longer there, in this forested land. Nor were the out-buildings nor the old crumbling walls. There lay only a narrow clearing round the house now, hummocked with unbroken snowdrifts, before the trees began, with a narrow path leading away."
Beginning on Midwinter's Eve, the story follows the character of Will Stanton who starts experiencing strange goings on in the run up to his birthday. Unbeknownst to him, he is an Old One – one of those selected to defend the Light against the forces of the Dark. He is sent on a quest in a parallel world in order to recover the six circular signs that when united become a Thing of Power.
Along the way he encounters characters who guide him and those who attempt to deceive him, learns the magic of the Old Ones and encounters the somewhat haunting folkloric figure of Herne the Hunter as the story reaches its climax on Twelfth Night.
Although the plot is, in many ways, quite simple, the way in which it is written is the key to what makes it captivating. If you read it as a bildungsroman, it is the tale of a boy who at once is a child in the eyes of his family, yet is ageless; someone who is still immature to his parents, yet who learns how to save the world. Perhaps it is a perfect analogy for all those times we underestimate the capabilities and talents of the children we know when we view a situation through our adult eyes.
Overall, perhaps the best thing about the whole experience of reading the novel, was the sense of community that emerged over social media. With people reading in many different languages and responding to the Bird and Macfarlane's prompts in such divergent ways, meant that for those dark nights over the midwinter and festive periods, many new friends were made and, indeed, artwork inspired.
A few days after the online reading group finished, the author sent a heartfelt email to Macfarlane saying: "writer, reader: when our imaginations speak the same language, we can change each other's lives."
With that in mind, here's to hoping that we repeat the process later this year.
#books #Christmas #nature #fiction
'Edgelands: Journeys into England's True Wilderness' by Paul Farley and Michael Symmons
'My Midsummer Morning' by Alastair Humphreys
'Wild Nights: Camping Britain's Extremes' by Phoebe Smith
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Amy Benson
Seven Years to Zero
The Sparkling-Eyed Boy
Winner of the 2003 Bread Loaf Writers' Conference
Bakeless Prize for creative nonfiction
Selected by Ted Conover
A Mariner Original
The Houghton Mifflin Company
The theme of summer love, in Amy Benson's hands, grows up: The Sparkling-Eyed Boy is a fiercely observed memoir, one that searches out the fault lines of adult nostalgia and desire. The achingly intense adolescent summer days that Amy Benson and the sparkling-eyed boy spend together on the remote shores of the St. Mary's River of Michigan's Upper Peninsula are at the complex emotional center of The Sparkling-Eyed Boy. For her, summers meant returning from her home in Detroit to a three-month idyll on much-loved family land, owned for generations, and to a heady culture of teasing, testing local boys. For him, this land is the place he was born, where he'll later find work, marry, and stay; and she was the girl from away, the one he had loved. "Can you pinpoint that moment? When you made a choice before you even knew that choosing was possible, or the terrifying nature of choices?" The Sparkling-Eyed Boy, with its heart-stoppingly erotic — and yet wholly imagined — scenes of illicit love, its searching riffs on love as possession, love as pain, reads like a friend's deepest secrets, shared.
Purchase on Amazon.com
Elle Magazine, June 2004
Though its subject is summer love, The Sparkling-Eyed Boy (Mariner) reads like a confession between girlfriends cozied up against the coldest night of the year. Amy Benson's memoir of her lingering obsession over her first boyfriend, a townie from the Michigan Upper Peninsula enclave where her family summered, is a big what-if; thankfully, except for one pathetic encounter–she on foot, he in his minivan–Benson doesn't actually stalk her ex. He's left to his lot of hometown marriage and family, while the author, now nearly 30, takes a page from the original tortured teen, Sylvia Plath: She endeavors to purge her pain via poetic expression, intimagely exploring the nature of desire. –Jenny Feldman
USA Today, 20 May 2004
Benson won the Bread Loaf Writer's Conference's prize for "creative non-fiction" by an emerging writer for her poetic memoir about unrequited first love. The girl is a teenage summer visitor from suburban Detroit. The boy is a local who would never leave Michigan's Upper Peninsula. Benson's book is built on dreams and memories of what never happened, but could have. She calls it a "mystery story" that she keeps writing "because I'm never convinced I figured it out."
Planet, Issue 7, Summer 2004
In The Sparkling-Eyed Boy (Mariner), first-time quthor Amy Benson takes readers on the bumpy ride of teenage first love, evoking the intensity of adolescent desire through delicate prose. The story is universal — he liked her first, she liked another boy; then she turned to him, by then his interest was waning — but Benson brings a heightened, poetic sensitivity to her depiction of unfurling adolescent love. She writes with equal feeling about the landscape in which she grew up and about the bodies of teenage boys, "their shoulder muscles swelling and tapering, their skin papering their bodies so closely."
As a child, Benson would leave her home in suburban Detroit every summer and go with her family to a cabin on the shores of the St. Mary's River in Michigan's Upper Peninsula. "Let's face it: my sister and I were fresh meat to the local boys," she writes. One boy, freckled and skinny, became her best friend and briefly her boyfriend before she abandoned him for college and worldy ambitions.
Looking back, Benson is astute enough to realize that her longing for the sparkling-eyed boy is in part a fantasy about a pure, boundless love, and in part nostalgia about the place and time in which she grow up. Early experiences form us, she concludes, and people leave indelible imprints upon one another. Though her language occasionally veers into sugary excess ("the star-flecks in my veins are guttering out"), Benson otherwise delivers and elegant, edgy meditation on first love. SARAH COLEMAN


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Volume 23, Issue e2
The relationship between socioeconomic status and 'hardcore' smoking over time – greater accumulation of hardened smokers in low-SES than high-SES smokers
Philip Clare1,
Deborah Bradford1,
Ryan J Courtney1,
Kristy Martire2,
Richard P Mattick1
1National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of NSW, Sydney, Australia
2School of Psychology, University of NSW, Sydney, Australia
Correspondence to Philip Clare, NDARC, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia; p.clare{at}unsw.edu.au
Objectives This paper used national survey data to investigate 'hardcore' smoking as predicted by the 'hardening hypothesis', and to examine the relationship between 'hardcore' smoking and socioeconomic status (SES).
Methods Analyses were performed using data from four waves of the Australian National Drug Strategy Household Survey between 2001 and 2010, a large national survey with a sample size of approximately 24 000 participants per wave. The primary outcome variable was 'hardcore' smoking, comprised of the variables: 'no quit attempt in past 12 months'; 'no plan to quit'; and smoking more than 15 cigarettes per day. The main predictor variables used were SES assessed by the Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas (SEIFA), and survey wave. Other sociodemographic variables were also examined.
Results Overall, 'hardcore' smoking remained stable from 2001 to 2010. However, 'hardcore' smoking declined among high-SES smokers (from 1.8% to 1.0%), but not among low-SES smokers (around 3.4%). 'Hardcore' smoking was strongly associated with SEIFA quintile (p<0.001). There was a significant interaction effect between top and bottom SEIFA quintiles and wave (p=0.025), with a decline in 'hardcore' smoking measures over the four waves among those in the top two SEIFA quintiles, with odds in 2010 of 0.39 (95% CI 0.17 to 0.87; p=0.012), down from 0.64 (95% CI 0.50 to 0.82; p<0.001) in 2001, while 'hardcore' smoking remained stable among those in the bottom two SEIFA quintiles.
Conclusions The results from high SES smokers suggest 'hardcore' smokers are able to quit, but outcomes among low-SES smokers are less encouraging.
Priority/special populations
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051436
Smoking is a leading cause of preventable death worldwide,1 projected to be responsible for eight to ten million deaths per year by 2030.2 ,3 It has been suggested that those who continue to smoke despite increasing pressures to quit may represent a particular subpopulation of smokers who are more resistant, or 'hardened',4 in their smoking behaviours. That is, those who continue to smoke may be either more resistant to the economic and social/legislative pressures to quit smoking or less able to give up.5 If the 'hardening hypothesis' is correct, it would be expected that non-'hardcore' smokers will gradually quit smoking while 'hardcore' smokers will be less likely to do so. Thus, as the overall rate of smoking decreases, the prevalence of 'hardcore' smoking would remain relatively stable.
The 'hardening hypothesis' is popular and intuitively appealing. Numerous attempts have been made to define this subpopulation of 'hardened' smokers.6 These definitions have usually involved a combination of characteristics including nicotine dependence, history of quit attempts, intention or desire to quit, and history of continuous smoking.7–11
The findings of extant research have been varied, in terms of the rate and the role or importance of 'hardening'. Research in Western countries has found varying prevalence of 'hardcore' smoking from 5.4% to 30%,7–9 12–15 with differences in the prevalence of 'hardcore' smoking between and within countries. However, it is unclear how much of this variation is due to actual differences between countries and how much is due to changes over time, further compounded by inconsistencies in the definitions used to define 'hardcore' smoking across studies. Additionally, most previous studies of 'hardcore' smoking have focussed on the role of affective correlates, such as psychological distress,16 rather than examining an overall change over time in 'hardcore' smoking as it is directly defined.
A link has also been observed between smoking and socioeconomic status (SES), with persons from low socioeconomic backgrounds more likely to be smokers in Western countries, including Australia,17–21 the UK18 ,20 ,22 and the USA,18 ,20 ,22 ,23 although this relationship may not generalise to less developed countries.24 ,25 The exact mechanisms behind socioeconomic difference in smoking are unknown, but have been linked to impoverished environments and lack of access to positive activities and alternatives to drugs.26 Some evidence suggests those from low socioeconomic backgrounds are less likely to intend to quit,20 while other evidence suggests low-SES smokers are equally likely to make a quit attempt but less likely to succeed.27 ,28 It would thus be expected that low SES smokers would be over-represented among 'hardened' smokers, and that this could compound to leave a population of smokers who are highly disadvantaged and increasingly resistant to quitting.29
This research examined the prevalence and change in 'hardcore' smoking measures in Australia over four waves of data in a period of 10 years from 2001 to 2010, to investigate if there has been an increase in the proportion of smokers who are 'hardcore' smokers, as is predicted by the 'hardening hypothesis', and if there is any difference in the proportion of 'hardcore' smokers based on SES.
We used data from four waves—2001, 2004, 2007 and 2010—of the National Drug Strategy Household Survey (NDSHS), a large national survey of drug behaviours conducted in Australia by the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) with a sample of around 24 000 participants per wave and a usual response rate around 50%. More detailed descriptions of the NDSHS design and methodology for each wave are available elsewhere.30–33
Respondents were asked a number of questions about their 'smoking status', including 'Have you ever smoked on a daily basis?' and 'How often do you now smoke cigarettes, pipes or other tobacco products?' Answers to these questions were used to create a single binary variable ('non-smoker' or 'smoker'). Smokers were defined as those participants who reported they were a current smoker (daily, weekly or less than weekly) on any of the relevant questions.
'Hardcore' smoking measures
Respondents who identified as smokers were asked how many cigarettes they smoked per day, week or month, depending on how often they smoked. Based on prior definitions of 'hardcore' smoking7 ,8 those who smoked more than 15 cigarettes a day on average were coded as 'heavy' smokers. Smokers were also asked whether they had made a quit attempt in the past 12 months, and whether they intend to quit, both of which were included as binary indicator variables in analysis ('no quit attempt in past 12 months' and 'no plan to quit').
In line with past definitions of 'hardcore' smoking,6 these variables were combined to create a binary indicator variable for 'hardcore' smoking. Hence, respondents were coded as 'hardcore' smokers if they smoked more than 15 cigarettes a day, had not made an attempt to quit in the last 12 months, and did not plan to quit.
Sociodemographic characteristics
A number of sociodemographic variables were included as predictors or covariates, including age, sex, educational attainment, marital status, employment status, main language spoken, country of birth, Aboriginal Torres Strait Islander status and being a single parent.
Based on two questions about education, respondents were coded into a 3-level variable of educational attainment. Those who said they had not completed a qualification were coded as 'High school or less', while those who had completed any kind of diploma or certificate were coded as 'Diploma or certificate', and those who had completed at least a bachelor degree were coded as 'University degree'.
Based on responses to relevant questions in each wave, those who said they were employed full-time or part-time (including those who were self-employed) were combined into the category 'Employed'. Those who said they were full-time or part-time students were combined into the category 'Student'. Those who were unemployed but looking for work were included as 'Not employed—in the workforce', while those who reported their employment status as 'home duties', said they were on a pension or retired, or were unable to work were combined into the category 'Not employed—not in workforce'.
Relative socioeconomic advantage and disadvantage measure
Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas (SEIFA) is an area-level index of relative advantage or disadvantage developed by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS).34 Participants were assigned to SEIFA quintiles based on the census collection area of their place of residence, with the bottom quintile representing the most disadvantaged areas and the top quintile representing the most advantaged. In order to maximise difference between groups and to specifically examine differences between 'low' and 'high' SES, SEIFA quintiles were used to create a binary variable of SEIFA, with the bottom-two quintiles combined into the category 'bottom-two' and the top-two quintiles combined into 'top-two', while the middle quintile was excluded.
All variables except age were entered into the regression analyses as categorical variables. Age was entered in regression analyses as a continuous variable, but was coded into a 4-level categorical variable for descriptive tables, with the categories '18–24', '25–39', '40–54' and '55+'. Respondents under 18 years of age were excluded from analysis.
Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to analyse the relationships between the sociodemographic variables and smoking status. Univariate logistic regression of smoking status was used to select variables, with only variables with p values less than 0.05 included in the final regression model. For the sake of comparison, the same variables were used in the regression analyses of the components of 'hardcore' smoking, even though not all variables were significant in those analyses. Additionally, one interaction effect was included for 'hardcore' smoking but not for the other analyses in which the interaction was not significant (p=0.220, p=0.648 and p=0.215, respectively).
Only responses with complete data for all variables were included in the analysis, for a total sample of n=71 650. The logistic regression models used to analyse the relationship between sociodemographic variables, and no reported quit attempts in the past year, no intention to quit smoking and heavy smoking, were limited to samples of smokers who responded to the relevant questions in the questionnaire, with sample sizes of n=14 094 for reported quit attempts, n=13 799 for intention to quit and n=13 740 for heavy smoking.
All analyses were performed using the 'svy' function of Stata V.11.2,35 which controls for complex sample designs and allows for the calculation of SEs and CIs.
Table 1 shows the sociodemographic characteristics of participants, broken down by smoking status. In total, 19.9% in the sample across all waves were smokers: 22.4% in 2001, 20.0% in 2004, 18.5% in 2007 and 19.0% in 2010.
Weighted sample characteristics by smoking status
'Hardcore' smoking
Approximately 2% of the sample were 'hardcore' smokers. Changes over time in the rate of 'hardcore' and non-'hardcore' smoking are shown in figure 1. The rates of each of the aspects of 'hardcore' smoking are shown in table 2. The proportion of smokers who reported no quit attempt in the past 12 months and/or heavy smoking was consistent across the four waves. However, there was a significant association between wave and having no plan to quit (p=0.004), with the odds of not having plans to quit significantly lower in 2010 compared with previous years (OR: 0.87; 95% CI 0.77 to 0.98; p=0.026).
Weighted proportion of smokers with 'hardcore' smoking characteristics
Prevalence of 'hardcore' and non-'hardcore' smoking in population, top-two SEIFA quintiles and bottom-two SEIFA quintiles.
'Hardcore' smoking was strongly associated with SEIFA (p<0.001), with 3.4% of those from the bottom-two SEIFA quintiles 'hardcore' smokers compared with 1.3% of those in the top-two SEIFA quintiles. There was a significant interaction effect between SEIFA quintiles and wave (p=0.025). As shown in figure 2, the odds of being a 'hardcore' smoker declined over the four waves among those in the top-two SEIFA quintiles, but not among those in the bottom-two SEIFA quintiles.
Odds and prevalence of 'hardcore' smoking by top-two/bottom-two SEIFA quintile and survey year. Note: Prevalence of hardcore smoking for each data point are shown in brackets.
'Hardcore' smoking was also related to educational attainment. The odds of 'hardcore' smoking were significantly (p<0.001) lower among those with diploma/certificate level qualifications and university degrees compared to those with lower education.
'Hardcore' smoking was also significantly associated with a number of other sociodemographic variables, as shown in table 3.
Weighted, adjusted OR and 95% CIs for the effects of covariates on 'hardcore' smoking (n=71 650)
Components of 'hardcore' smoking
There was no significant difference by SEIFA quintile in not making a quit attempt in the last 12 months. However, those in the top-two quintiles showed significantly lower odds of having no plan to quit (OR: 0.78; 95% CI 0.71 to 0.86; p<0.001) and heavy smoking (OR: 0.67; 95% CI 0.62 to 0.74; p<0.001). A similar relationship was seen with employment status, with those unemployed but still in the workforce showing higher odds of having no plan to quit, (OR: 1.31; 95% CI 1.07 to 1.61; p=0.010) and of being heavy smokers, (OR: 1.46; 95% CI 1.21 to 1.77; p<0.001). There were also significant associations between educational attainment and all three component variables, with the odds decreasing as educational attainment increased.
The overall rate of 'hardcore' smoking remained stable over the 10 years of the analyses. The results show a strong differential in 'hardcore' smoking based on SES, with those from low SES more likely to be 'hardcore' smokers in 2001 than those from a high SES, a difference which increased over the 10 years to 2010. Specifically, while the rate of 'hardcore' smoking in the population decreased among those from high SES, it did not decease among low SES smokers. There was a similarly strong relationship between 'hardcore' smoking and educational attainment, with those with higher education less likely to be 'hardcore' smokers than those with lower levels of education, unsurprising, given education is commonly used as an indicator of SES.18 ,36–38 This is contrary to the 'hardcore' hypothesis, which states that as non-'hardcore' smokers quit, the proportion of smokers who are 'hardcore' should increase, which did not occur. Rather, it appears that 'hardcore' smokers are able to quit, but have more difficulty when combined with low SES.
As expected, similar patterns were observed in having no plan to quit and heavy smoking, although not with past quit attempts. Having no plan to quit was significantly associated with wave, SEIFA, employment status and education. Similarly, heavy smoking was associated with SEIFA, employment status and education. Having no quit attempts in the past 12 months, however, remained stable across the four waves, and did not show significant associations with SEIFA or employment status, although it was significantly associated with education, with those with higher education more likely to have made a quit attempt in the past 12 months. This result suggests the socioeconomic drivers of 'hardcore' smoking are linked more strongly to quit intention and measures of nicotine dependence, but not to actual quit attempts, with low socioeconomic smokers equally likely to have made a quit attempt, but more likely to have no plan to quit, and to smoke more heavily than higher SES smokers. This is consistent with past research that has shown low SES smokers are just as likely to have made a quit attempt,27 ,28 but are less likely to plan to quit.20
The nature of the data makes it impossible to determine if changes in the rate of 'hardcore' smoking are due to quitting, or reductions in smoking severity (ie, 'hardcore' smokers may continue to smoke but no longer be classed as 'hardcore'). Regardless, the decline in 'hardcore' smoking in high SES smokers is encouraging, suggesting that it is possible to target this group, but that focused work needs to be conducted to further help low SES 'hardcore' smokers. The lower rate of decline among those from low socioeconomic backgrounds does suggest the problem of 'hardcore' smoking may be due to the resources available rather than to an inherent barrier to quitting among the 'hardcore' smoking population. Notably, access to quitting aids, such as nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) has been lower among resource-poor, low-SES smokers. These smokers may also be less likely to hear and understand health messages to quit.39 In addition, research has demonstrated a link between financial stress and smoking,25 ,40–42 which could further contribute to differences associated with area-level SES, and also individual SES indicators such as employment status.
However, it is not known whether access to existing resources explains poorer cessation rates, or if the currently available resources are simply less effective among 'hardcore' smokers from low socioeconomic backgrounds. Because 'hardcore' smokers are, by definition, more resistant to the possibility of quitting, it is likely that existing quit programmes would have lower engagement among this group. However, it is not clear what kinds of support or services lead to 'hardcore' smokers being able to successfully quit. Past evidence has been inconclusive, with some evidence suggesting those from low socioeconomic backgrounds are less likely to access quit services and support, such as 'Quitlines' or NRT, while other research has shown relatively equal use of services, but leading to lower outcomes. Focussed research to explore the types of programmes that are successful among the 'hardcore' smoking population, and particularly those from more disadvantaged backgrounds, could assist. Additionally, the risk of further marginalising low SES smokers who are resistant to quitting by increasing prices of tobacco (such as via taxation increases) needs to be considered.29
The major limitation of the analyses presented in this paper is due to the nature of the questions asked in the NDSHS. Although the NDSHS questionnaire contains a number of questions about smoking and related behaviours, it does not contain a robust measure of nicotine dependence, which is arguably central to the definition of 'hardcore' smoking. While the number of cigarettes smoked is related to dependence, it is not a particularly reliable estimator, and thus, the estimates of the prevalence of 'hardcore' smoking may vary from the actual prevalence.5 A further limitation of this analysis is the lack of individual-based SES indicators in the NDSHS datasets. Because of the limited data available, only distal indicators of SES, such as education and area-level indicators, could be used. This limits the generalisability of the results.
It should also be noted that these findings are cross-sectional, and thus limited in their ability to imply causation. For similar reasons, it is not possible to examine individual outcomes. Further studies using longitudinal methods are required to address these issues. Lastly, it is also important to remember that while measures are taken to make the survey samples representative of the Australian population, it is impossible to guarantee the sample is entirely representative, particularly of minority groups and disadvantaged populations. This is compounded by a relatively low response rate of around 50% in each wave, which may have resulted in selection bias in the sample. That is, as social disapproval of smoking has increased in recent years, it may be possible that smokers are less likely to respond to surveys about their tobacco use.
The findings of this paper suggest there may be a population of smokers that is more resistant to quitting smoking, even beyond the existing difficulties faced by those from low socioeconomic backgrounds. However, this population is relatively small, and the positive outcome among higher SES smokers suggests 'hardcore' smokers are able to quit, and that the unfavourable outcome among those from low socioeconomic backgrounds may be overcome given the right conditions and support. Unfortunately, it is not clear exactly which factors are responsible for the more favourable outcome among those from higher socioeconomic backgrounds. More research is required to investigate what leads to positive outcomes among 'hardcore' smokers, and the reasons those factors are more prevalent among higher SES smokers.
The 'hardcore' hypothesis is a potential barrier to continuing reductions in smoking prevalence.
A central axiom of the 'hardcore' hypothesis is temporal stability, however, there has been little research examining changes in 'hardcore' smoking over time.
This paper showed that 'hardcore' smoking remained stable between 2000 and 2010 in Australia, as predicted by the 'hardcore' hypothesis.
'Hardcore' smoking is a real problem for low socioeconomic status (SES) smokers, however, 'hardcore' smoking declined among those from a higher SES, which is encouraging.
Work needs to be done to further investigate the mechanisms underlying socioeconomic difference in smoking, in order to more effectively target low SES smokers.
The National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre at the University of NSW is supported by funding from the Australian Government under the Substance Misuse Prevention and Service Improvements Grants Fund. We would also like to acknowledge The AIHW who conducted the NDSHS surveys on behalf of the Department of Health, and The Australian Social Science Data Archive for providing access to the NDSHS data.
World Health Organization. WHO Report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2008: The MPOWER package. Geneva: 2008.
Mathers CD,
Loncar D
. Projections of global mortality and burden of disease from 2002 to 2030. PLoS Med 2006;3:2011–30.
Murray CJL,
Lopez AD
. Alternative projections of mortality and disability by cause 1990–2020: Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet 1997;349:1498–504.
Johnson EO,
Breslau N
. Is the association of smoking and depression a recent phenomenon? Nicotine Tob Res 2006;8:257–62.
Hughes JR
. The hardening hypothesis: is the ability to quit decreasing due to increasing nicotine dependence? A review and commentary. Drug Alcohol Depend 2011;117:111–7.
Costa ML,
Cohen JE,
Chaiton MO,
. "Hardcore" definitions and their application to a population-based sample of smokers. Nicotine Tob Res 2010;12:860–4.
Augustson EM,
Marcus SE
. Use of the Current Population Survey to characterize subpopulations of continued smokers: a national perspective on the "hardcore" smoker phenomenon. Nicotine Tob Res 2004;6:621–9.
Emery S,
Ake C,
. Characterizing and identifying "Hard-Core" smokers: implications for further reducing smoking prevalence. Am J Public Health 2000;90:387–94.
Jarvis MJ,
Wardle J,
Waller J,
. Prevalence of hardcore smoking in England, and associated attitudes and beliefs: Cross sectional study. Br Med J 2003;326:1061–3.
Pierce JP,
Farkas AJ,
Gilpin EA
. Beyond stages of change: the quitting continuum measures progress towards successful smoking cessation. Addiction 1998;93:277–86.
Warner KE,
Burns DM
. Hardening and the hard-core smoker: concepts, evidence, and implications. Nicotine Tob Res 20035:37–48.
Ferketich AK,
Gallus S,
Colombo P,
. Hardcore smoking among Italian men and women. Eur J Cancer Prev 2009;18:100–5.
Lund M,
Lund KE,
Kvaavik E
. Hardcore Smokers in Norway 1996–2009. Nicotine Tob Res 2011;13:1132–9.
MacIntosh H,
Coleman T
. Characteristics and prevalence of hardcore smokers attending UK general practitioners. BMC Family Practice 2006;7.
Sorg A,
Xu J,
Doppalapudi SB,
. Hardcore smokers in a challenging tobacco control environment: The case of Missouri. Tob Control 2011;20:388–90.
Gartner C,
Scollo M,
Marquart L,
. Analysis of national data shows mixed evidence of hardening among Australian smokers. Aust N Z J Public Health 2012;36:408–414.
Glover J,
Hetzel D,
Tennant S
. The socioeconomic gradient and chronic illness and associated risk factors in Australia. Aust N Z Health Policy 2004;1:8.
Reid JL,
Boudreau C,
. Socioeconomic disparities in quit intentions, quit attempts, and smoking abstinence among smokers in four western countries: findings from the International Tobacco Control Four Country Survey. Nicotine Tob Res 2010;12:S20–3.
Siahpush M,
English D,
Powles J
. The contribution of smoking to socioeconomic differentials in mortality: results from the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study, Australia. J Epidemiol Community Health 2006;60:1077–9.
. Socioeconomic variations in nicotine dependence, self-efficacy, and intention to quit across four countries: findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey. Tob Control 2006;15:71–5.
Turrell G,
Hewitt BA,
Miller SA
. The influence of neighbourhood disadvantage on smoking cessation and its contribution to inequalities in smoking status. Drug Alcohol Rev 2012;31:645–52.
Hiscock R,
Bauld L,
. Socioeconomic status and smoking: a review. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2012;1248:107–23.
Gilman SE,
Abrams DB,
Buka SL
. Socioeconomic status over the life course and stages of cigarette use: initiation, regular use, and cessation. J Epidemiol Community Health 2003;57:802–8.
Cai L,
Wu X,
Goyal A,
. Patterns and socioeconomic influences of tobacco exposure in tobacco cultivating rural areas of Yunnan Province, China. BMC Public Health 2012;12:842–9.
Yong H-H,
. Socio-economic variations in tobacco consumption, intention to quit and self-efficacy to quit among male smokers in Thailand and Malaysia: results from the International Tobacco Control-South-East Asia (ITC-SEA) survey. Addiction 2008;103:502–8.
Carroll ME,
Anker JJ,
Perry JL
. Modeling risk factors for nicotine and other drug abuse in the preclinical laboratory. Drug Alcohol Depend 2009;104(S):S70–8.
Barbeau EM,
Krieger N,
Soobader MJ
. Working class matters: socioeconomic disadvantage, race/ethnicity, gender, and smoking in NHIS 2000. Am J Public Health 2004;94:269–78.
Kotz D,
West R
. Explaining the social gradient in smoking cessation: it's not in the trying, but in the succeeding. Tob Control 2009;18:43–6.
Martire KA,
Mattick RP,
Doran CM,
. Cigarette tax and public health: what are the implications of financially stressed smokers for the effects of price increases on smoking prevalence? Addiction 2011;106:622–30.
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. 2001 National Drug Strategy Household Survey: detailed findings. Drug Statistics Series. Canberra: AIHW, 2002.
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. 2010 National Drug Strategy Household Survey report. Drug Statistics Series. Canberra: AIHW, 2011.
Australian Bureau of Statistics. Socio-economic indexes for areas (SEIFA)—technical paper 2011. Canberra: ABS; 2011.
StataCorp. Stata Statistical Software: Release 11.2. College Station, TX: StataCorp LP, 2009.
. Tobacco expenditure, smoking-induced deprivation and financial stress: results from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four-Country Survey. Drug Alcohol Rev 2012;31:664–71.
Marti J
. Successful smoking cessation and duration of abstinence-an analysis of socioeconomic determinants. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2010;7:2789–99.
Nagelhout GE,
de Korte-de Boer D,
Kunst AE,
. Trends in socioeconomic inequalities in smoking prevalence, consumption, initiation, and cessation between 2001 and 2008 in the Netherlands. Findings from a national population survey. BMC Public Health 2012;12.
Stewart DW,
Adams CE,
Cano MA,
. Associations between health literacy and established predictors of smoking cessation. Am J Public Health. 2013;103:e43–9.
Scollo M
. Smoking and financial stress. Tob Control 2003;12:60–6.
Carlin JB
. Financial stress, smoking cessation and relapse: results from a prospective study of an Australian national sample. Addiction 2006;101:121–7.
. Smokers with financial stress are more likely to want to quit but less likely to try or succeed: Findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey. Addiction 2009;104:1382–90.
Contributors PC, DB, RC, KM and RPM have participated in study design, analysis and interpretation of the data and preparation or approval of the manuscript.
Funding This work was supported by funding received by the National Health and Medical Research Council (grant number APP1021862).
Data sharing statement All data used in the analyses in this paper is available to researchers through The Australian Social Science Data Archive.


Do you pin? If you have no idea what I mean by that then you should create a Pinterest account. Go ahead. And, you're welcome (you won't regret this). Pinterest is awesome!
Ok, now you're a pinner. Hello, pinner.
This week, we're running a Pinterest contest.
The third assignment for Blog Month is to spread the word about our Pinterest contest.
In order to tell your readers about this contest, you should probably get the details. We've got those for you here.
So, let's recap, as bloggers (and for Blog Month) what is your role?
To blog about this contest and promote it amongst your network.
Of course, you can (and should!) also participate in the Pinterest contest. I mean, you are a pinner now. Put those pins to good use! The kind of good use that helps release children from poverty.
The Pinterest contest is an opportunity for you to share your heart for children in poverty and, to bless little ones in need, in a new and creative way.
If this is the third assignment you post for Blog Month, you will receive an "I Blog for Compassion" sticker. Or as we like to call it, a Nalgene enhancer. Oh yes.
And there are prizes to be had if you participate in the Pinterest contest and win.
This is the third assignment and we only have one more to go in our effort to release 3,108 children from poverty in Jesus' name. This is not the time to tap out!
Two weeks to go. And two weeks in the hands of God can be a powerful thing.
1,515 children in poverty have been sponsored this month! Let's press on so 1,593 more children can be released from poverty.
Time to get blogging AND pinning.


Committed to protecting life, property, and the environment, the Township's Fire Department is made up of 81 career members, 100 paid-call crews, and 16 administrative staff who respond to fires, vehicle crashes, and other emergency situations. The division coordinates emergency planning, prevents fires through education and planning, conducts fire investigations, and trains staff, the public, and other agencies. There are seven fire halls in the Township of Langley.
These are the people we count on to keep our community safe. The Langley RCMP creates a safer community through enforcement, education, and awareness. From investigating serious offences to working with residents and businesses to reduce crime, the police department targets hot spots, responds to public safety issues, and provides programs to solve problems.
Victims of crime and traumatic events are provided support through the RCMP, and staff members interact with the public, regional police organizations, and the media. General duty members follow up on over 150 calls per day, while the traffic section helps reduce collisions through education, enforcement, and road engineering.


text:
UTEP Squeezes Past Houston Baptist In Season Opener, 36-34
Gaby Velasquez
Too close for comfort.
But close only counts in horseshoes.
Despite trailing 28-20 midway into the third quarter, the Miners outscored the Houston Baptist Huskies 16-6 to close the game with a slim 36-34 win at the Sun Bowl.
And in front of 34,646 fans for the season debut, the Miners needed this win—their first win at the Sun Bowl since Nov. 26, 2016.
UTEP vs. Houston Baptist by Gaby Velasquez
"It's like I told the guys in the locker room, just find a way to win a football game and that's such a big step for our football team right now," second-year head coach Dana Dimel said. "We had a ton of adversity. We knew we had a ton of adversity out there. There's no better thing than a young football team that's just trying to find a win to scratch out this win."
"We are 1-0 and we need to continue to work to get better each day."
Senior tailback Treyvon Hughes led the way offensively with 23 carries for 144 yards and two touchdowns. Senior quarterback Brandon Jones had a decent outing, completing 10-of-20 passes for 268 yards, one touchdown and one interception.
"This is the first win in a minute," Hughes said. "I like getting the bal and plus I'm a bigger body so the hits don't hurt me as they do other guys."
In the first half, the Miners jumped off to a strong start, holding the Huskies to a quick three-and-out on their opening drive and capped off their nine-play, 40-yard opening drive with a 30-yard field goal by Gavin Baechle.
The UTEP defense forced a punt on Houston Baptists' ensuing drive, while Jones hit sophomore Tre'Shon Wolf for an 80-yard touchdown pass on the first play from scrimmage. UTEP got off to a quick 10-0 lead.
Houston Baptist responded with a pair of touchdowns to take the lead, as quarterback Bailey Zappe marched down the Huskies 75 yards on 13 plays, capped off by a four-yard touchdown pass to Trevor Larkin. Jones was then intercepted by Houston Baptists' Caleb Johnson, who ran back the interception for a 26-yard touchdown return.
Jones avenged his interception by rushing three times on the next drive for 42 yards, placing the Miners in scoring position and set up a Treyvon Hughes three-yard rushing touchdown. Both teams exchanged field goals before halftime and the Miners led 20-17 at the break.
"It's really important for us [to start fast] and as it played itself out, it was really important to get that lead," Dimel said.
Out of the half, Houston Baptist scored on a 16-yard pass from Zappe to Ben Ratzlaff. They disrupted the Miners' offense after a high snap resulted in a UTEP safety. An HBU field goal made it 28-20 midway into the third quarter.
The Miners rallied through the final stretch of the game, as Jones and the running game helped march the Miners 75 yards in eight plays, capped off by a Jones three-yard rushing touchdown.
On a quick, five-play sub-three minute drive, the Miners scored on a 19-yard keeper by Treyvon Hughes to regain the lead 33-28 going into the fourth quarter. UTEP's defense was able to shrug off a Huskies touchdown and nailed a 35-yard field goal by Gavin Baechle to give them the 36-34 lead.
Despite the defense allowing Zappe to throw for 300 passing yards and two touchdowns, the biggest stop of the night came in the final minutes of the game, when UTEP stopped what looked to be a potential scoring drive by Houston Baptist and Chris Richardson forced a fumble to give the Miners the ball back. UTEP's offense was able to run out the time and the Miners squeezed past with a win.
Next week, the Miners (1-0) will face Texas Tech on the road (Sept. 7).
Filed Under: C-USA Football, Houston Baptist, miners, miners football, utep, utep football, UTEP football score, UTEP miners vs. Houston Baptist
Categories: Featured (Carousel), Football, Local / El Paso / Texas, Sports, SportsTalk, UTEP


TermiteHunter wrote: I have to agree with you, at least to some degree that using GC caches to reach cachers is wrong.
I'm sure they would not approve of the practice but then I'm sure they wouldn't really approve of any of the alternative trackables to their own endorsed products which is why they don't work within their system in an attempt to quash any upstarts.
I have had success with using the TB with a moving cache but then I only have the one. I am far more likely to get a log on the TB than the cache except when it is hidden alone as a pure OCNA cache.
I have to call you out a little too though......Aren't you doing the same sort of thing with some of your waymarks on OCNA? I see no mention of OCNA on their page.
I'm not suggesting you remove them or even the mention of the other site (please don't) but would they allow a mention of the listing on OCNA?
I posted a note on the three virtuals that I left here that they were my listed Waymarks, but that can be taken care of quickly. I did intend on leaving a few of my listings here because I worked hard to make them a nice addition to OCNA. It's really not funny that you three admins talk about how open and flexible OCNA is and you call me out in the public forums on it for posting a note on my own listing.
I think TH was referring to your own statement that using one site to promote / reference another isn't right. Of course, we incorporate links to crosslisted caches and links to search for nearby caches on some of the other sites. Even Groundspeak does not apply their non-agenda / non-solicitation rules to trackables, so it's fair game.
DudleyGrunt wrote: I think TH was referring to your own statement that using one site to promote / reference another isn't right. Of course, we incorporate links to crosslisted caches and links to search for nearby caches on some of the other sites. Even Groundspeak does not apply their non-agenda / non-solicitation rules to trackables, so it's fair game.
That is exactly my point. On the cache page there is the links to other sites where the cache is listed, and Waymarking.com is not one of the options. If it was, I would have used the link just the same as I did with my traditionals. That is exactly what my virtual there on OBX is, a crosslisted Waymark.
As for OCNA trackables that lead back to here and people trashing them as inappropriate to be found in GC caches, that is a real thought. It's hard enough to keep them from getting lost without linking them to a alternative geocaching site. I know people discovered mine at that Leap Day event, but nobody logged it for some reason. Maybe the OpenCaching name makes people think about Garmin's old site, but OCNA was never as popular so I don't know. We don't have any active Waymarkers in the area either, and very few Wherigo users.
My new WIG is the only non PMO cache that I have, so I'll see how it works out.
Personally I have no issues with using a combined travel bug / moving cache.
If you are eating in a restaurant and stand up and declare that the establishment next store is a better choice because [free food, high-quality food, more food, less distance-between food, larger servings, less customers, more variety, more grandfathered food-types...whatever], well that would surely be frowned upon by the owner of the shop you're in. Why? because they're in it for the money and don't want customers to leave their shop and go next store. You can't eat in two places at the same time.
But geocaching isn't a business or a commercial enterprise (even if the largest listing service is a commercial enterprise), and you can drink from many wells at the same time. I do. each one has a bit of a different flavour, and I like the variety. So while I'm out and about, I might find a groundspeak cache, an OpenCache, a TerraCache, a letterbox, some waymarks.
When I'm camping at a state park, I see no reason not to tell the other campers I meet about other great parks we've visited, even if those parks are in other states / countries. Why? So they also can enjoy those great experiences, if they choose to. Maybe these are poor parallel examples, but that's how I see it. Geocaching is an experience, not a political party, religion or business where we need to ascribe to one way or another. When I log a letterbox on AtlasQuest, I will mention the nearby geocache I also found. when I log an opencache, I will mention the nearby Waymark. When I hide an opencache near an existing groundspeak cache, I will encourage the finder to find both of them. And while logging a groundspeak find, I will also mention the cool OCNA cache or Terracache that was the target cache for my outing. I'd be doing a diservice to my fellow cachers if I didn't tell them of the fun that could be having on top of the fun they are already having. Like my advice on parks and attractions, most won't bother checking into what I told them about. But at least I told them. And maybe that's better anyway, do i really want my favourite parks to become over-run with visitors? No, but at the same time it's not mine to horde, so i share the info and then they do with it as they decide.
So if you have a waymark and want to post it here as a virtual, go for it. (I have! - and have a few more still to come; actually, now they start at OCNA caches and maybe if time permits I'll also post it as a waymark - at least this site is being actively developed). Maybe someday someone will visit it, someone who also doesn't waymark (and I'd say few OCNA users also log Waymarks). Probably no one will visit either. very few of my OCNA hides have any finds. And very few of my waymarks have any visits - even a bunch that I think are very super cool and worth being visited. I knew that when I listed them, and I'm not going to get pissy about it a year or two later when they are still unfound.
Yeah, the one OCNA moving cache / travel bug that I released has only been logged on groundspeak, not on OCNA. But look at those logs - it was released at an event and all the "Discovered Logs" are auto-discovered using third-party software. It's a bunch of "Discovered your trackable at event XYZ. Thanks for sharing". Wow, those are fun logs to get!
Am I discouraged? Nope, this is what I expected. And so the other two Open Ambassador moving caches / travel bugs will be released shortly (after a few set-backs in getting them ready to go out). Since nearly all my groundspeak trackables have gone missing (including 7 released in two family travel bug races - travel bugs purchased for the kids but only a few lasted more than a year), my expectations are low anyway. This time I'm keeping the tags, and if they go missing, I'll send out another one to take it's place.
Surprise, They are a member as of 7/2/16.
Now to see if they go so far as to log a find on an alternative site.
10/17/2016 TheThompsons send log entry (found it) for geocache "OPEN Ambassador #2 (TB6AJJA)" .
10/17/2016 TheThompsons send log entry (moved) for geocache "OPEN Ambassador #2 (TB6AJJA)" .
So to summarize, the cache/trackable was picked and dropped off and logged on both sites. Perfect score!
FWIW, TheThompsons signed up to OCNA a few months back. Glad they were able to find my moving cache.
Excellent, That is exactly what is supposed to happen and it worked.
Now to see if they follow up with an independent find of an OCNA cache.
My similar mini moving caches have all disappeared. Of course they did not have the benefit of the travel bug.
I need to check on the caches they were last placed in to see if any are still there but I imagine they are gone.
The one with the travel bug dog tag (The Infiltrator) hasn't been logged in a while. I expect it will appear eventually.


text:
package org.apache.drill.exec.store.sys;

import com.google.common.collect.Iterators;
import org.apache.drill.exec.ops.FragmentContext;
import org.apache.drill.exec.server.options.DrillConfigIterator;
import org.apache.drill.exec.server.options.OptionManager;
import org.apache.drill.exec.server.options.OptionValue;

import java.util.Iterator;

/**
 * An enumeration of all system tables that Drill supports.
 * <p/>
 * OPTION, DRILLBITS and VERSION are local tables available on every Drillbit.
 * MEMORY and THREADS are distributed tables with one record on every Drillbit.
 */
public enum SystemTable {

  OPTION("options", false, OptionValue.class) {
    @Override
    public Iterator<Object> getIterator(final FragmentContext context) {
      final DrillConfigIterator configOptions = new DrillConfigIterator(context.getConfig());
      final OptionManager fragmentOptions = context.getOptions();
      return (Iterator<Object>) (Object) Iterators.concat(configOptions.iterator(), fragmentOptions.iterator());
    }
  },

  DRILLBITS("drillbits", false,DrillbitIterator.DrillbitInstance.class) {
    @Override
    public Iterator<Object> getIterator(final FragmentContext context) {
      return new DrillbitIterator(context);
    }
  },

  VERSION("version", false, VersionIterator.VersionInfo.class) {
    @Override
    public Iterator<Object> getIterator(final FragmentContext context) {
      return new VersionIterator();
    }
  },

  MEMORY("memory", true, MemoryIterator.MemoryInfo.class) {
    @Override
    public Iterator<Object> getIterator(final FragmentContext context) {
      return new MemoryIterator(context);
    }
  },

  THREADS("threads", true, ThreadsIterator.ThreadsInfo.class) {
    @Override
  public Iterator<Object> getIterator(final FragmentContext context) {
      return new ThreadsIterator(context);
    }
  };

//  private static final org.slf4j.Logger logger = org.slf4j.LoggerFactory.getLogger(SystemTable.class);

  private final String tableName;
  private final boolean distributed;
  private final Class<?> pojoClass;

  SystemTable(final String tableName, final boolean distributed, final Class<?> pojoClass) {
    this.tableName = tableName;
    this.distributed = distributed;
    this.pojoClass = pojoClass;
  }

  public Iterator<Object> getIterator(final FragmentContext context) {
    throw new UnsupportedOperationException(tableName + " must override this method.");
  }

  public String getTableName() {
    return tableName;
  }

  public boolean isDistributed() {
    return distributed;
  }

  public Class getPojoClass() {
    return pojoClass;
  }

}


text:
Drug WarRant
by Pete Guither
Why is Marijuana Illegal?
Drug War Victims
Petition for Correction under the ONDCP Information Quality Guidelines
the Drug Czar is Required by Law to Lie
Deep Thoughts About the Drug War
Treatment Statistics
Drug War Videos
Bong Hits 4 Jesus – Supreme Court Case
Len Bias – the death that ushered in two decades of destruction
Raich v. Ashcroft
DEA Bad Girl Michele Leonhart
Increase in Burger Abuse Seen
If I were Contrarian-King of the United States
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Hammer Down, Pop Up
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Andrea Barthwell, caught red-handed
Andrea Barthwell, Snake Oil Salesman
A story for Thanksgiving (Isidro and Teresa Aviles)
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U.S. House passes resolution calling upon Drug Czar to legalize marijuana
Posted on December 7, 2010 by Pete
OK, well they may not think that's what they passed, but I don't know any other way to accomplish this.
Resolved, That the House of Representatives–
declares that drug trafficking organizations cultivating illicit marijuana on Federal lands in the United States pose an unacceptable threat to the safety of law enforcement and the public;
affirms that it is the responsibility of the Federal Government to confront the threat of illicit marijuana cultivation on Federal lands; and
calls upon the Director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy to work in conjunction with Federal and State agencies to develop a comprehensive and coordinated strategy to permanently dismantle Mexican drug trafficking organizations operating on Federal lands.
Via LEAP, who were ready with a great response:
"No matter how many grow operations are eradicated or cartel leaders are arrested, there will always be more people willing to take the risk to earn huge profits in the black market for marijuana," said Richard Newton, a former U.S. Customs and Border Protection agent who is now a speaker for the group Law Enforcement Against Prohibition. "My years of experience in federal drug enforcement tell me that only when we legalize and regulate marijuana will we put a stop to this madness. After all, you don't see too many Mexican wine cartels growing grapes in our national parks, and that's because alcohol is legal."
33 Responses to U.S. House passes resolution calling upon Drug Czar to legalize marijuana
denmark says:
Resolved, That the House of End Prohibition Now
1. Declares that drug trafficking organizations cultivating marijuana on Federal lands in the United States are a direct result of Prohibition; and that Prohibition is an unacceptable threat to the safety of the public;
2. Affirms that it is the responsibility of the Federal Government to END Prohibition now and only monitor the responsible cultivation of legal marijuana on Federal lands;
3. Calls upon the Director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy to apply for Unemployment immediately.
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claygooding says:
Another empty meaningless shaking of the spear and rattling
of their shields because they have already had 2 or three resolutions for a drug-free America since 1969.
All this does is allow Kerli to ask for more budget to build a bigger army for the war on marijuana.
strayan says:
The British are apparently going to solve the drug problem by "ending addiction"
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-11943958
Which resolution do you think will be more effective?
kaptinemo says:
It's always so interesting to watch: they keep trying to add 2 + 2 and they keep coming up with 3.89 or something along those lines. Always racing to the finish line, only to fall face-down just short of it. They just cannot, cannot bring themselves to (publicly) admit to the obvious. And that's largely due to receiving a paycheck; few DrugWarriors are as blind as they officially must be.
Well, they should take a look around. Congress is so hard up for money, they're making noises about cutting Social Security.
That's how bad it is, folks. The legendary 'third rail' is being touched with impunity. Once-sacred cows are being sized up for the budgetary butcher's knife. And if anything qualifies for such treatment, it's the DrugWar.
Eventually, things will get so bad you will have some very vocal, very angry people asking why we have to spend so much on the DrugWar when there are families in this country who are facing their own personal fiscal Armageddons, and it'll be awfully hard for a Congresscritter to make those tired old noises about 'saving the children' from inanimate objects when those kids need saving from homelessness and malnutrition.
Then, and only then, will it become politically fashionable to admit that 2 + 2 does indeed equal 4, and that drug prohibition just cannot be allowed to be the fiscal black hole it's always been.
darkcycle says:
Be it then resolved to pursue the same idiotic course of action that has yielded no results whatsoever for the last seventy years.And:
Be it then resolved to throw yet more money down that endless black hole, in a time when the same people screaming about austerity for the government squeal like stuck pigs at the prospect of not getting a huge tax cut. And:
So forth and so on, on and on and on.
pt says:
This is, of course, ridiculous, but the "new" strategy in England, from the article posted above,……….just WOW! rofl
Servetus says:
The irredeemable character of prohibition is such that no one favoring it has the intelligence to go beyond its most basic, elemental philosophy, which is to destroy and punish.
Getting prohibitionists to legalize or regulate drugs is like hiring former Gestapo officers to run nursing homes. Sure, you'll get results, but not the results you want. We've seen what happens when hardcore prohibitionists take control of drug treatment programs. Chambers of horrors emerge, such as Straight, Inc.
Prohibition attracts a peculiar breed to its ranks. Some realize the error of their ways and move on with their lives. Those left behind remain true believers—Kool-Aid addicts to the end.
Prohibition offers the opportunity for puny intellects to disparage urban culture, to decry the scientific community that exposes their drug mythologies to international ridicule. Prohibition is the last refuge of the angry white man. Prohibition and its rampages bestow a false sense of security and comfort upon suburbanites who believe rousting drug users will save the suburbs and rural areas from the encroachment of racial minorities living in urban ghettoes. Prohibition is a way for non-drug users to feel superior to drug users, even though no such moral superiority has ever been proven. On the contrary. Scratch a radical prohibitionist and expose a POS.
Fighting prohibitionists means understanding what makes them tick. What produces the prohibitionist mindset? Where do these people come from? What are the social demographics of DEA and ONDCP personnel? We know it's possible to find people willing to do anything, to commit any crime against humanity—the Nazis proved that. But why does a supposedly democratic society allow itself to decay into a prohibitionist state? The answers point to strategies for victory against prohibitionism.
Saladin says:
I have a feeling that weed will be legalized sooner rather than later, releasing Pandora from the box.
http://saladin-avoiceinthewilderness.blogspot.com/2010/12/prop-19-monsanto-and-gmo-terminator.html
Duncan20903 says:
We should chip in together and buy some regulation dictionaries for our elected and appointed authorities. You know, one's with the definition of "legalization" "tolerance" and "honesty" intact and definitely not one published by Humpty Dumpty Lexicon Publishers, LIC.
(LIC = Limited Intelligence Corporation)
Servetus, didn't that Calvina Fay woman have something to do with Straight Inc?
Saladin, where did you get that lovely tin foil hat? You did make sure to get it in tin foil, right? Aluminum foil isn't any good and it actually amplifies the radio waves that the CIA uses to control people. That's why the government ran all the tin foil manufactures into bankruptcy and replaced it with aluminum foil.
The article strayan linked us to reminds me of Stop smoking cigarette campaigns. It only works if the person really wants to quit. And they're going to gather together former addicts to coach the poor soul's coming into the CRC program. That rarely works as the ego becomes swelled with false pride and cruel judgement towards the drug user. (just talk to any ex cig smoker who is enthusiatic about saving other smokers).
The pharmecutical companies are more dangerous than the Drug Cartel's.
The pharmecutical companies are more dangerous than Kerli-boy.
Duncan, is that a lack of research on your part or are you being facetious?
Here's something interesting albeit a little out of date. A survey of perception of trustworthiness for various occupations in 1980, then again in 1995.
1. pharmacist
2. clergy
3. firefighter
4. teacher
5. police officer
6. doctor
7. dentist
8. accountant
9. stock broker
10. lawyer
11. funeral director
12. politician
6. Stockbroker
9. funeral director
10.police officer
Rankings listed on page 12 of:
http://www.emich.edu/cerns/downloads/papers/PoliceStaff/Unsorted/OATH%20&%20ETHICS.pdf
Messrs Raygun and Bush the 41st managed to oversee a time period when the trust in police officers fell off a friggin' cliff. Way to you "law and order" guys, heckuva job. At least they didn't make politicians fall any lower on the list.
The PDF that I linked above is actually very interesting. Written by a cop with ethics (i.e. a black swan) it actually makes a boatload of good points.
Page 15: In this survey I asked fifteen questions to a total of sixty-nine police officers (Appendix F). The results of the survey will be shown with graphs and percentages. I will attempt to show how much knowledge and understanding a police officer has about his oath of office. There are also a few ethical questions that I pose to the officer.
Page 24: Officers should be educated and trained in early detection of ethical issues. Self-interest tends to impede one's ethical awareness. As I mentioned in my paper, when people realize that we are placed on this earth to help and assist others and not serve our own special interest, only then are we behaving ethically (doing good).
The paper is very Michigan-centric because I was having a discussion with a Know Nothing about a Michigan police officers duty to enforce Federal law and he swears that's part of their oath. When I pointed out to him that evasion of Federal income taxes is perfectly legal as far as the State of Michigan is concerned, and asked why the cops weren't out busting tax cheats he had no answer, just called me a stoned pothead or some such other nonsense.
It's more fun with California Know Nothings pulling out their State Constitution to show them that California authorities are precluded from enforcing Federal law over State law unless a Court of Appeals has found the law to be unconstitutional.
Anyway, from the survey below I think we need to get some more pharmacists on or side. The Michigan and Iowa Boards of Pharmacy are a good start.
Amusing how the author dumbed down "behaving ethically" to "(doing good)" for the cops reading the paper.
Two possibilities, Saladin. One, he is being funny. Two: he genuinely admires your hat.
Saladin, I'm 100% sure that tin foil will keep the radio waves out of your head, and that aluminum foil amplifies the effects of the government mind control, and that's why they shut down the tin foil manufacturers.
Feel free to say any psychotic nonsense that you like to me, it won't make your position any less looney tunes than it is. I really feel sorry for you if you think anyone's going to take your nonsense conclusion seriously.
I do mean this with all due respect.
Oh good god.... says:
….We are surrounded by insanity. I think its time for some lobotomies ! That'll cure their ills.
Woo-hoo! USA Today explores the current glut of cannabis in North America.
As medical marijuana proliferates, pot prices decline
http://www.usatoday.com/yourlife/health/medical/alternative/2010-12-08-marijuana-prices_N.htm
Virginia and Georgia have the highest cannabis prices? Who'd a thunk it?
I'd rather have a bottle in front of me than a frontal lobotomy.
denbee says:
The reasoned and sane approach to cannabis will need to directly come from the people. Asking or expecting the current entrenched lawmakers to address reality and make the desired changes is a joke. In 2012 California will once again vote for legalization. I suspect they learned a few things about what went wrong with the last vote and we will finally see the first State in the nation to prohibit prohibition! The Genie will truly be out of the bong then! Voter referendums will be the train that legal pot rides into town on…one State at a time. With Marijuana legal the DEA will find itself with 70% less work and can be eliminated altogether, saving billions of dollars and a more than a few homes being invaded, ransacked, and forfeited. In the mean time, VOTE! Ask your candidates what their stand is on cannabis and why? Use your vote and let them why you voted for or against them. Email, call, write, pester your congress folks for change. Tell them how important this issue is to you.
Justa Guy says:
I really don't want to spend even one minute on this . I favor cannabis legalization. More Americans were arrested & imprisoned for cannabis possession during Clinton's admin & The Obama admin is on track to do the same. Every federal drug prohibition law was crafted by Democrat lead US Congresses & signed into law by Democrat Presidents. The exception being the CSA was crafted by Democrats & signed by Nixon. Please, read up on drug prohibition before you harsh the GOP too hard. We have a better chance of ending cannabis prohibition with the Tea Party. Democrats know prohibition means big government & they'll never end it, as shown by the resolution they just passed. Think Barbara Boxer as the Chairwoman opposing Prop 19. Cannabis prohibition will be ended by the States, just like alcohol prohibition (Volstead Act) was ended. Wake up & stop giving the double dealing Democrats a pass.
Justa Guy, can you tell me who here says the Dems are saints when it comes to drug prohibition?
As any long-time readers know (if only because they have, indeed, done their own research) drug prohibition has always had 'bipartisan' support. Been that way since 1914 and the Harrison Narcotics Act. 'Both' (yeah, right, they're not wings of the same Oligarchy, oh, noooooo) 'parties' have been culpable; neither is worthy of trust on this issue.
Yes, change will have to come from literally 'grassroots' (no pun intended) levels, like the way a tree root can buckle a concrete sidewalk over time. And that change will come because of the economic implausibility of maintaining the costs of drug prohibition in a time of de facto economic Depression.
Sooner or later, the hoary old 'it's to save the children' will be shouted down by angry, desperate people who need the money being squandered on the DrugWar to feed and house those same children the prohibs cry so many crocodile tears over as they cash their paychecks.
But I place no faith in any political movement that does not, up-front and unreservedly, call for an end of the DrugWar on the basis of not only economic reasons but for ones involving freedoms and liberties. The Tea Party has not said much about the DrugWar at all…and since the issue is so incredibly integral to the ideal of recapturing those freedoms and liberties, that silence on their part is both deafening and disturbing.
Common Science says:
I'd rather have a bottle in front of me than a frontal lobotomy.
-Tom Waits
David Klein says:
Legalization is inevitable but will take more time. Law enforcement spends far too many resources unjustly targeting the modest, recreational user of marijuana, often with dire consequences for good citizens. For a dramatic and page-turning look at this issue, check out the novel STASH published by Random House at http://www.bydavidklein.com.
At least one representative endorsed Pete's view of the bill at hand:
http://www.rawstory.com/rs/2010/12/congressman-polis-calls-marijuana-prohibition/
The only way to keep marijuana from growing in national parks is to legalize it and regulate production for consumer use, a Colorado Democrat told the US House of Representatives on Tuesday.
The House was in the midst of a debate on HR 1540, a bill which declares that the cultivation of marijuana on federal lands is an "unacceptable threat to law enforcement and to the public."
"I have no doubt that marijuana plantations, as the resolution states, pose a threat to the environmental health of Federal lands, that drug traffickers spray unregulated chemicals, pesticides, and fertilizers, but I submit that the best way to address that is to incorporate this into a meaningful and enforceable agricultural policy for the country with regard to the regulatory structure for the production of marijuana," Rep. Polis said.
DdC says:
No self respecting grower will ruin their crop pollinating it with hemp as a camouflage. This is undoubtedly over the heads of the Drug Thugs or they might think of eradicating so called Mexican Cartels Grow Ops in the National Forests with Hemp. Then process it into food and wood and clothing, giving jobs to millions.
Hemp and Marijuana: Myths & Realities
Botanically, the genus Cannabis is composed of several variants. Although there has been a long-standing debate among taxonomists about how to classify these variants into species, applied plant breeders generally embrace a biochemical method to classify variants along utilitarian lines. Cannabis is the only plant genus that contains the unique class of molecular compounds called cannabinoids. Many cannabinoids have been identified, but two preponderate: THC, which is the psychoactive ingredient of Cannabis, and CBD, which is an antipsychoactive ingredient. One type of Cannabis is high in the psychoactive cannabinoid, THC, and low in the antipsychoactive cannabinoid, CBD. This type is popularly known as marijuana. Another type is high in CBD and low in THC. Variants of this type are called industrial hemp.
Myth: Hemp fields would be used to hide marijuana plants.
Reality: Hemp is grown quite differently from marijuana. Moreover, it is harvested at a different time than marijuana. Finally, cross-pollination between hemp plants and marijuana plants would significantly reduce the potency of the marijuana plant.
Cover-Ups, Prevarications, Subversions & Sabotage
"We've got a national campaign by drug legalizers, in my view, to try and use medicinal uses of drugs and legalization of hemp as a stalking horse to get in under the radar screen."
~ Gen. Barry McCaffrey – Former Drug Czar
Snark is always helpful, especially for those who don't even bother to read or research what is posted. Here's a novel idea Duncan, why don't you post something relevant to refute my article? That Monsanto is always at work trying to patent everything under the sun is nothing new, but your smartass commentary says nothing beyond the fact that you really have no argument. I am an ardent supporter of weed in all ways, shapes and forms and I certainly don't want to see those lunatic scientists doing to pot what they've done to every plant they've gotten their hands on. So come on, prove it wrong.
My blog for today:
What a Legal Pot Economy Would Look Like
A Parable
http://saladin-avoiceinthewilderness.blogspot.com/2010/12/watch-what-legal-pot-economy-would-look.html
The Drug Czar will simply dig in deeper. Instead of ending Prohibition, they will bunker down with $billions more down the drain. Look at Mexico with more casualties than the wars of Iraq and Afghanistan together and Mexico isn't flinching.
The drug war business is too lucrative to simply let it go. It will take at least 100 times more booby traps in the National Forests before drug enforcement becomes unprofitable and I'm afraid that's what is going to happen.
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HomeEditorialSearch by Category:Service Center NewsPartalis Retiring as Kloeckner CEO at Year's End
Partalis Retiring as Kloeckner CEO at Year's End
By Metal Center News Staff on Sep 13, 2017
Bill Partalis will retire as CEO of Kloeckner Metals, Roswell, Ga., at the end of the year. Partalis is a 34-year veteran of North America's fourth-largest service center company, serving as CEO for the last 15.
In response to Partalis's departure, Kloeckner has appointed two new senior executives. John Ganem will serve as the company's next CEO, and Bart Clifford will be the new COO at Kloeckner.
Ganem previously served as the company's executive vice president of corporate purchasing. As CEO, he will be responsible for long-term strategic planning, networking capital management, supplier relationships and developing supply chain efficiencies through digital innovation.
"It has been by intentional design that we've established Kloeckner Metals as an innovative leader in the global steel industry predominantly through an aggressive digitalization strategy," Ganem says. "I am excited about working closely with our exceptionally knowledgeable and highly experienced management team as we speed forward in our digital transformation."
Clifford has more than 28 years of experience in the metals industry, serving most recently as president of Kloeckner's heavy carbon division. Both Ganem and Clifford officially assume their new roles Jan. 1, with Kirk Johnson staying on as the company's CFO.
"John Ganem, Bart Clifford and Kirk Johnson have the knowledge, drive and support to continue to transform Kloeckner Metals into a highly efficient business model by reorganization of the management reporting structure and utilizing digital tools to create a 'One U.S.' culture," Partalis says.
Ganem says he was honored and humbled to follow in Partalis' footsteps, saying the outgoing CEO worked tirelessly to turn Kloeckner into the respected, market-leading organization it is today.


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