text:
Q: How to tail stdout or any of the standard streams? I'm trying to understand how standard streams work in Linux, specifically how I can capture say, stdout directly from my terminal with something like tail. Since everything in Linux is a file, isn't it possible to simply do a tail -f /dev/stdout?
So to test this, I wrote a trivial program:
int main(int argc, char * argv[]) {
    while (1) {
        printf("This takes advantage of stdout\n");
        sleep(1);
    }
    return 0;
}

Then in a separate terminal I did a tail -f stdout, but nothing is printed. Am I doing something wrong?

A: Each process has its own stdout. So you need to capture the standard output of some running process. The usual way is to make a pipeline, but you may also redirect the stdout to some file.
Learn more about tee(1). Read some bash scripting tutorial
A typical use might be thru batch(1) and a here document; I often do
batch << EOJ
  make >& _make.out
EOJ

the >& is a bash-ism or a zsh-ism redirecting both stdout and stderr.
Then in a separate terminal -or even in the same terminal, after the batch sequence above- (in the same current directory)
tail -f _make.out

This enables me to see the progression of e.g. a long-lasting compilation (of course I can interrupt with Ctrl C the tail -f command without harming the compilation). YMMV.
Read also advanced bash scripting guide
Actually, /dev/stdout (notice that stdout alone means nothing particular to the shell) is a symlink to /proc/self/fd/1 . Read proc(5)
BTW, in your C code, take the habit of calling fflush(3) before any important syscall like sleep or fork (your code don't need it because stdout on terminal is line buffered but might be differently buffered when stdout is not a tty). Read stdout(3). Terminals are weird beasts, read tty demystified
addenda
To test in your C or C++ code if stdout is a terminal, use isatty(3), i.e.
 if (isatty(STDOUT_FILENO))
     stdout_is_a_terminal();

Notice that stdout could be a pipe or a file (then of course the above test would fail).
To write to the terminal, use /dev/tty (see tty(4)). To write on the console use /dev/console (see console(4)...). For system logging, learn about syslog(3) and e.g. rsyslogd(8).


For postpaid and prepaid mobile users alike, roaming in the Middle East is often a cause of much frustration, with costly roaming charges – and a lack of awareness of those charges – among the main sources of annoyance.
Indeed, most roaming prepaid mobile users have probably found themselves stranded without any credit while on a short trip to another country in the region, with just a few incoming calls often enough to drain a healthy credit balance.
For prepaid users, this frustration is more likely to be delayed until the next bill arrives, informing the hapless subscriber of the roaming charges they have racked up.
In both cases, costly roaming charges are likely to deter mobile users from making or accepting all but the most important calls while in another country. Such charges could also feed discontent among subscribers, leading to churn.
But it appears that operators in the region are becoming more aware of the problem, with a number of recent developments from operators who appear keen to adopt simpler and cheaper roaming tariffs.
For example, earlier this month, UAE operator Du introduced a flat fee for all incoming calls for users roaming outside the UAE. Under the new roaming tariff, all of Du's prepaid and postpaid customers roaming abroad will pay a flat rate of AED1.25 ($0.34) per minute for incoming calls.
Bahraini incumbent Batelco recently launched an expanded data roaming network covering all GCC states and a number of other countries in Middle East. Crucially, Batelco said its mobile postpaid customers would pay the local Bahrain rates for high speed data access while roaming in Saudi Arabia, UAE, Qatar, Kuwait, Oman, Egypt, Jordan and Yemen.
Zain meanwhile continued to expand its One Network offering, which allows users to roam at local calling rates across more than 20 countries. The company recently added 3G data services to the network, allowing users to access high speed data at local rates in most of the countries where it has a presence.
But while higher end customers might be benefiting from cheaper roaming data, 2G subscribers with most networks in the region still have to navigate a roaming system that is costly and often confusing.
As with international calls, which remain expensive in much of the Middle East compared with international standards, roaming charges are a significant revenue driver for many operators.
But amid a trend of falling roaming revenues globally, operators in the region might be better advised to offer their customers improved roaming services – meaning cheaper rates and simplified tariffs – in a bid to reduce customer churn and increase roaming use.
George Held, director of products and innovation, Zain, told CommsMEA that while the company lost "significant" revenue by offering local rates to its roaming users under One Network, it expects to more than recoup this revenue through improved customer retention (more here).
Similar ideas also appear to be gaining traction in more developed markets. The UK's leading mobile operator, Vodafone, announced in May that it would suspend roaming charges for its subscribers who travel to various European countries during the summer and will instead charge local rates.
But it is likely to take much longer for mobile users in many other Gulf countries to benefit from such schemes, with many operators opting for a more short term approach to maintaining revenue streams.


Lombard house painters take several things into consideration when deciding what kind of paint to use. Often, the type of paint they apply to different surfaces is determined by the quality of the surface. For instance, some customers want Lombard house painters to apply high gloss paint to their walls, thinking that it will be easier to clean, or more modern looking. The truth is that semi-gloss paint is just as easy to clean. And, for a modern look, you need more than high gloss paint.
Lombard house painters know that high gloss paint applied to a typical textured drywall application will not yield the modern look you may desire. The high gloss, modern look only works on perfectly smooth surfaces, devoid of any texture. And, without the texture, any flaws in the drywall will become extremely evident. To get the sleek, shiny, modern look, Lombard house painters recommend that you have clean, fresh construction that was specifically done with a modern look in mind.
If you still want your Lombard house painters to use high gloss paint, it will look really good on textured walls in the living areas, where you'll display artwork and hang mirrors. The high gloss background will be a great compliment to these decorations, and the reflective nature of the paint will brighten the room.
One place that high gloss paint will be very useful is on cabinets, doors, door frames, chair rails, and baseboards. Lombard house painters will often use high gloss oil based paints on these areas because of the durability and ease of cleaning.
Pristine Painting and Decorating are Lombard house painters, and have a well-established tradition of quality workmanship, meeting the painting and decorating needs of dozens of clients in the Dupage County, Kane County, McHenry, Schamburg, and Montgomery areas. Contact Pristine Painting and Decorating on their website, or call them at 63-546-5528 to hire quality house painters.


After a year serving as MB Technologies' Group HR executive, Philemon Tsheola has been appointed to the main board of MB Technologies (MBTech).
He was appointed as the Group HR executive in April 2012 and has won the confidence of the MBT board, operational executives and staff and is successfully leading human capital initiatives to ensure that the MBT Group is the employer of choice for talented executives and staff seeking careers in the IT industry.
"We appointed Philemon on the back of a renewed focus on the human capital within the group. Much of this stems from the belief that our people are critical to our success within the IT distribution environment and that our continued growth will be driven by their skills and contribution," says Glenn Fullerton, CEO of MB Technologies.
Tsheola holds a Masters in Business Administration (MBA) and various other human resources qualifications and also serves on the MB Technologies Exco. He has a wide range of human resources management experience, having held senior positions in multinational groups such as Kimberly-Clarke and Otis Elevators.


text:
Q: XML Validation Error in slideMaster in PPTX I am generating XML for a slideMaster part of a pptx file. When running it through the Open Office Productivity Tool and validating the XML I am getting the following error:

Inner Exception: '6' is not a valid XSD ID.

What is causing this validation problem?
XML: http://pastebin.com/JPtcVmUj (too large for stackoverflow form)

A: XML attributes declared in XSD to be ID types must match the NCName production and therefore must begin with a letter:

NCName ::= (Letter | '_') (NCNameChar)*

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Your credit allows you to obtain a mortgage and helps you find a great apartment to rent. Although it can seem overwhelming to understand, we are here to educate you on credit factors and guide you through the process. Below you will find some helpful resources.
Under Federal Law, all U.S. citizens are entitled one Free Credit Report every 12 months, from all three nationwide credit reporting agencies: Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion. To obtain that free report, you must go to AnnualCreditReport.com. This is the Only Official free reporting service authorized by the 3 agencies.
Lenders use FICO scores to help measure the risk of default by taking into account various factors in a person's financial history. They also help determine interest rates and credit limits. The percentages below are approximate. FICO scores generally range from 300 – 850 with scores at the higher end of the scale reflect a better credit rating.
Visit MyFico.com to learn how to improve your credit score.


text:
import unittest
import uuid
import datetime

from core import *

class TestJobsApi(unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        self._id = "89126536-b6fd-11e0-8fa9-e88a8dce15b4"

    def _notexist(self):
        return Position(str(uuid.uuid4()))

    def testRepr(self):
        position = Position(self._id)
        self.assertEqual(str(position), '<Position 89126536-b6fd-11e0-8fa9-e88a8dce15b4>')

    def testPositionRequest(self):
        position = Position(self._id)
        self.assertEqual(position.id, self._id)
        self.assertEqual(position.company, u"Übermind")

    def testMarkdown(self):
        position = Position(self._id, markdown=True)
        #TODO: pure test, need more clever checking
        self.assertIn("**", position.description)

    def testNotExistPosition(self):
        # Note, using assertRaises in manager mode is only
        # python 2.7 compatible
        with self.assertRaises(ApiRequestError):
            data = self._notexist().id

    def testCreatedDate(self):
        position = Position(self._id)
        self.assertEqual("Mon Jul 25 20:35:36 UTC 2011",
            position.created_at)
        self.assertIsInstance(position.created, datetime.datetime)

class TestSearchPosition(unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        self.keyword = "python"

    def testDescriptionSearch(self):
        p = Positions(description=self.keyword)
        self.assertIsInstance(p.items, list)

    def testLocationSearch(self):
        p = Positions(description=self.keyword,
            location="New York")
        #TODO, create more real test
        import pdb
        pdb.set_trace()
        self.assertEqual(p.count, 8)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


This image belongs to the travel and nature stock photo library. This stock photo of Gate at Dingo Fence near Cameron Corner is available for licensing for commercial and editorial uses including websites, blogs, books, magazines, brochures and advertising. Restrictions may apply for images which contain third party copyrighted material or sensitive subjects. Photos of artwork are for editorial use only.
This image id CAMERON-CORNER-NSW-QLD-SA-0006 of Gate at Dingo Fence near Cameron Corner, is copyrighted © by Ilya Genkin. This is not a public domain image.


text:
Effect of acustimulation on nausea and vomiting and on hyperemesis in pregnancy: a systematic review of Western and Chinese literature
Els Van den Heuvel1,
Maria Goossens2,
Hilde Vanderhaegen3,
Hai Xia Sun1 &
Frank Buntinx2,4
BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine volume 16, Article number: 13 (2015) Cite this article
Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (NVP) and hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) have a significant impact on quality of life. Medication to relieve symptoms of NVP and HG are available but pregnant women and their caregivers have been concerned about the teratogenic effect, side effects and poor efficacy. The aim of this review was to investigate if there is any clinical evidence for the efficacy of acustimulation in the treatment of NVP or HG.
A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), including both English and Chinese databases was conducted to assess the efficacy of various techniques of acustimulation for NVP and HG. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Cochrane's risks of bias tool. Revised STRICTA (2010) criteria were used to appraise acustimulation procedures. Pooled relative risks (RRp) and standard mean deviations (SMD) with 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were calculated from the data provided by the investigators of the original trials.
Twenty-nine trials including 3519 patients met the inclusion criteria. Twenty trials could be included in statistical pooling. The overall effect of different acustimulation techniques shows a significant reduction for the combined outcome for NVP or HG in pregnancy as a dichotomous variable (RRp 1.73, 95 % CI 1.43 to 2.08). Studies with continuous outcome measures for nausea, vomiting and the combined outcome did not show any evidence for relieving symptoms of NVP and HG (SMD −0.12, 95 % CI −0.35 to 0.12).
Although there is some evidence for an effect of acustimulation on nausea and vomiting or hyperemesis in pregnancy, results are not conclusive. Future clinical trials with a rigorous design and large sample sizes should be conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of these interventions for NVP and HG.
Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (NVP) is commonly experienced in early pregnancy, most frequently between 6 and 12 weeks. NVP can continue till 20 weeks, and persist after this time for up to 20 % of women [1]. Prevalence of nausea ranges from 50 to 80 %. Prevalence of vomiting and retching is around 50 %. Persistent and severe nausea and vomiting may lead to malnutrition and the development of hyperemesis gravidarum (HG), a disorder that may cause the loss of >5 % of original body weight, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, acidosis or ketosis during pregnancy [2]. HG is less common, affecting between 0.3 and 3 % of pregnant women [1]. In China, HG prevalence rates range from 0.35 to 0.47 % [3].
NVP has a significant impact on quality of life for pregnant women and their families [4]. It causes discomfort, disability and suffering and results in absence from work and social activities [5]. Furthermore, almost 50 % of women reported that NVP negatively affected the relationship with their partner and their partner's daily life [4]. Therefore, it is important to treat this condition [6].
Both pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical [1] remedies for NVP have been suggested. Pharmaceutical treatments include anticholinergics, antihistamines, dopamine antagonists, vitamins (B6 and B12), H3 antagonists [1], corticosteroids and metoclopramide. After the thalidomide tragedy in the 1960s, pregnant women and their caregivers have been concerned about the use of pharmaceutical interventions to control or relieve symptoms during pregnancy. Besides the possible teratogenic effect and side effects such as drowsiness, sedation, heartburn or arrhythmia [1, 7], poor efficacy of pharmaceutical medications [8] used in the past has left a therapeutic gap in the treatment of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy [9]. Women are commonly offered psychological support [5], dietary advice and advice about the (usually) self-limiting nature of the condition [1].
In recent years, the use of complementary and alternative therapies has become popular in many Western countries [10]. These include herbal remedies (ginger, chamomile, peppermint, raspberry leaf), homeopathic remedies (Nux vomica, Pulsatilla), acupressure, acustimulation bands, acupuncture [1, 6, 7] and moxibustion [11–13]. Pregnant women may perceive these as "natural" and therefore safe.
In China, acupuncture has been used to treat morning sickness for thousands of years [5].
A number of studies of various acupuncture modalities have assessed their efficacy for treating NVP and HG [14]. The latest Cochrane review [1] considered studies of acupressure randomized against sham acupuncture or other controls. The overall conclusion was that evidence regarding effectiveness of acustimulation of the PC6 point and of auricular acupressure was limited. Acupuncture showed no significant benefit for women in pregnancy. Festin [15] reported that acupressure may be more effective than sham acupressure in reducing NVP. However, evidence was weak, and interventions and outcomes varied between trials. It thus remained unclear whether acupuncture is more effective than sham acupuncture in reducing NVP and whether acupressure and acupuncture are effective in treating HG.
Although a number of systematic reviews on the effect of acustimulation for NVP have recently been performed [1, 15–18], theyonly included a single article published in Chinese. Moreover, moxibustion was only included in one previous review [1]. Given the fact that many studies of acupuncture and moxibustion for NVP and HG have been published in non-Western scientific literature and have not been reviewed, the literature identified by previous reviews may not be comprehensive enough to cover all current evidence. Therefore, we performed a comprehensive systematic review on randomized controlled trials of acustimulation for NVP and HG published in both Chinese and Western language literature. The aim of this review was to investigate if acupressure, acupuncture or moxibustion, together called acustimulation, were more effective than sham or placebo acupuncture or other conventional treatments in the treatment of NVP and HG [19].
A comprehensive electronic search was performed in the following databases from their inception to August 2014: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Medline (National Library of Medicine), Embase and Science Direct (Elsevier), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences (LILACS), Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED), Database of abstracts of reviews of effects (DARE), Trip Database, Web of science core collection database, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (Cinahl), Physiotherapy Evidence Database (Pedro), BJI Best Practices in OvidSP, BMJ Clinical evidence and National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). An additional search for articles in the Chinese language was performed in the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP database (Chinese Scientific Journals database), WanFang database, Index to Chinese Periodicals of Hong Kong (HKInChiP), Chinese Clinical Trial Register (ChiCTR), and ProQuest Digital Dissertations (PQDD). The latter focuses on so-called "gray literature", such as unpublished studies, dissertations and conference reports.
The following terms were used in the search strategies: (acupuncture or acupressure or needle or auricular acupuncture or acupoint stimulation or moxibustion) and (pregnan*) and (nausea or vomiting or morning sickness or hyperemesis). Mesh terms were used as much as possible. Equivalent Chinese terms were used in searching the Chinese language databases.
One author, fluent in both English and Chinese, searched the databases and assessed potentially relevant articles against the inclusion criteria. Any doubt regarding the eligibility of a study was discussed within the team.
Types of studies and subjects
Inclusion of studies was restricted to randomized controlled clinical trials (RCT) or quasi-randomized clinical trials (qRCT) with at least 20 participants per arm, studying women suffering from NPVor HG in normal pregnancy and for whom acupressure, acupuncture, auricular stimulation or moxibustion was used as treatment. We used no restriction for the women's age or for gestational age. Nausea and vomiting as a result of pregnancy complications such as partum hemorrhage, hypertension, pre-eclampsia, diabetes in pregnancy or cesarean section were excluded from this review. We did not include observational studies (cohort, case control, case study), studies reported in abstracts only and studies with a cross-over design without a wash-out period of at least one week because of the time effect reported in some previous studies [20, 21].
Studies in Arabian or Farsi were excluded from this analysis.
Types of interventions
According to the principles of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), relief of nausea and vomiting is accomplished by stimulation of meridian points to restore the balance of "Qi" flow affecting digestive functions.
Acupuncture is defined as the stimulation of an acupoint with a needle. The definition also extends to auricular acupuncture and electro-acupuncture, both using needle penetration. Other variants of acupuncture, such as acupoint injection, laser acupuncture, acupotomy (small needle-scalpel), and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) were excluded.
Acupressure is a gentle, noninvasive form of stimulation achieved by applying pressure to acupuncture points [4, 22]. Traditional Asian systems use a number of acupuncture points for anti-emetic treatments. The PC6 or NeiGuan point is a major site for relief of nausea and vomiting. In earlier studies this site was termed P6, but following WHO standard acupuncture nomenclature we have changed P6 into PC6 [23]. PC6 is located on the volar side of the wrist approximately 3 cm above the wrist crease, between 2 easily palpated tendons. Pressure can be applied manually (using fingers or thumbs) or with wristband devices that provide steady pressure from a small button or disc on the site. SeaBand is one example of a commercially developed wristband device [14]. Studies using other points for acupressure or auricular acupressure were also included in the review.
Moxibustion is defined as the stimulation of acupoints with heat generated by burning of moxa (Artemisia Vulgaris L.). Usually, a moxa cigar is kept about 2–3 cm above the skin.
We also included studies combining acupuncture and moxibustion treatment (acupuncture and moxibustion combined, AMC), which is usually performed by placing a moxa block on the handle of the acupuncture needle.
Studies using acustimulation in combination with other treatments, such as medication, massage, physiotherapy, traditional Chinese herbs, or injection were excluded, as was cupping.
Types of control interventions
We included studies that used sham or placebo acupuncture, IV fluid therapy, oral Western medication, Chinese herbal medicine or no treatment as control intervention.
Sham acupressure involves needling or applying pressure in a minimal way such as needling real or wrong points or non-points shallowly with minimal stimulation. Critics of sham needling suggest that even minimal needling produces some physiological effects and is not a truly physiologically inert procedure. Placebo acupuncture uses a non-inserted needle with a telescopic function or a needle encased in a cartridge so that the patient cannot tell whether the needle has been inserted or not. Unlike sham acupuncture, placebo acupuncture is presumed to provide an almost physiologically inert placebo [24, 25].
Although acupoint specificity was not the focus of this review, we also included studies that compared the same intervention with different combination of acupoints.
Types of outcome measures
In this review, we limited our analyses to primary outcomes: (cure or improvement of) NVP, or reduction of ketones in case of HG. In most studies, the severity of NVP episodes was measured by commonly used, validated instruments such as the Rhodes Index score or a visual analogue scale (VAS). The Rhodes index consists of three subscales: nausea, vomiting (both with a range of 0 to 12) and retching (range 0 to 8) [1]. The visual analogue scale (VAS) includes a 10 cm ruler with a beginning and an end, and a clear range allowing patients to indicate their health condition. Zero represents the best condition (lack of nausea) and ten represents the worst possible degree of nausea [22].
In other studies, outcome was reported as a reduction or cessation in nausea, vomiting, retching, ketonuria, Outcomes were mainly classified into the following categories: cured, improved or ineffective. "Cured" referred to complete relief of nausea and vomiting and disappearance of ketones in case of HG at the end of the treatment period or during follow-up. "Improved" indicated overall relief of nausea and vomiting and disappearance of ketones for HG, but with occasional reoccurrence of symptoms. "Ineffective" referred to no improvement. Because the "cured" category appeared to be the only consistent category across these studies in assessing treatment efficiency, this review categorized the cured rate into cured or not cured.
We did not include analyses on secondary outcomes e.g. rate of food intake, length of inpatient stay, weight gain, inpatient parenteral drug and fluid use because of a wide variation in outcome measures between different studies.
Adverse outcomes
If they were available, data on side effects of the interventions were extracted.
One author (EVdH) extracted the data and two other assessors (HXS and HV) checked the extracted data. Discrepancies were resolved through discussion or, if required, a second review author was consulted. If information regarding any of the above was unclear, we contacted authors of the original reports to provide further details.
For each study, the following variables were extracted: study design, number of arms, population, gestational age, outcome measures, interventions and intervention details.
Reporting of interventions in controlled trials of acupuncture
We used the "Revised Standards for Reporting Interventions in Clinical Trials of Acupuncture (STRICTA): Extending the CONSORT Statement" criteria. The items of the STRICTA checklist are acupuncture rationale, details of needling, treatment regime, other components of treatment, practitioner background and control intervention [26].
Bias risk assessment
The methodological quality of the identified studies was independently assessed by three authors. One author (EVdH) assessed bias risk for each study while two others (HXS and HV) assessed the Chinese and English studies, using the Cochrane's risks of bias tool criteria outlined in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions (Higgins 2011). After cross-checking for accuracy, we resolved any disagreement by discussion or by involving a fourth assessor.
Cochrane's risks of bias assessment includes the following domains: random sequence generation, allocation concealment, blinding of participants and personnel, blinding of outcome assessment, incomplete outcome data, selective outcome reporting and other sources of bias. Each domain was rated as "low", "high", or "unclear".
Given the impossibility of blinding the acupuncturist, we only assessed the blinding of participants and personnel on the type of intervention a participant received. We assessed the methods as low risk of bias for single blinding, due to the nature of the intervention. Blinding was assessed as high risk in the following cases: no blinding, more than two active intervention arms and blinding of treatment type without blinding of the control condition (no intervention). Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) were assessed as low risk if no outcome data were missing or if outcome data were missing in less than 20 % in each arm of the study. Reasons for missing data were reported and balanced across groups.
The main analyses focused on the results from dichotomous outcomes presented as a relative risk (RR), and continuous outcomes presented as the mean outcome on the last intervention day, both with a 95 % confidence interval (CI). Besides these, we performed subgroup analyses per acustimulation technique and per outcome measure (cure and improvement of nausea and vomiting). To test for heterogeneity, the bull-eye test (carefully studying the forest plots) and the I2 test were performed for both main analyses and subgroup analyses when calculating summary statistics. An I2 test > 50 % was considered to indicate a moderate or high level of heterogeneity. In pooling studies with continuous outcomes we only included those that reported at least a mean and SD or SE from each group. A random-effect analysis was performed in view of the high level of heterogeneity between studies. If a study had more arms, we used the control group that provided the most optimal degree of blinding. All statistical analyses were performed using STATA version13 (reference: StataCorp. Stata Statistical Software: Release 13, College Station, TX: StataCorp LP. 2013.)
The search identified 1052 potentially relevant citations for review. After removal of duplicates, 741 citations were left. Of these, 507 papers were excluded for reasons of irrelevance and 171 full-text articles retrieved for further assessment. Of these, 29 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Nine studies were excluded from pooling because of insufficient information. Finally, 20 studies were included in quantitative analyses (Fig. 1).
Flow chart of study selection
Description of included studies
Of the 29 studies, 16 were published in English and 13 were conducted in China and published in Chinese. All studies were full-length journal reports. All recruited pregnant woman with symptoms of nausea with or without vomiting. There were 15 studies on nausea and vomiting alone (13 English, 2 Chinese). HG was considered in 14 studies (3 English, 11 Chinese). Nine studies [2, 3, 12, 27–32] were performed in a hospital, one study [33] involved in- and outpatients and in two studies [13, 34] it was not clearly reported whether patients were hospitalized or not. In the remaining 17 studies all subjects were outpatients. Together, these studies involved 3519 subjects with 1431 in the treatment arm and 2088 in the control arm. Eighteen trials used a two-armed parallel group design, 10 studies a three-armed and one study [10] a four-armed parallel group design.
The sample size of the studies included ranged from 55 [35] to 593 [10] subjects. Gestational age at the time of recruitment varied. Most studies reported on women in the first trimester of pregnancy (less than 12 weeks gestation). Three studies recruited women up to 30 weeks [2, 9, 20] and in one study [11] women with a gestational age of more than two months were included, but the upper limit was not specified [1].
The included studies examined acupressure, acupuncture, auricular acupressure and moxibustion. Study duration varied from four to ten days in 25 studies. Four studies lasted two to four weeks [5, 8, 10, 35]. Treatment frequency varied from once a day to once every week. The duration of each treatment session lasted between five and twenty minutes for acupuncture or moxibustion and up to 8–24 h continuously for acupressure. Table 1 presents the characteristics of all included studies.
Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the studies
The effectiveness of acupressure was examined in 13 studies. Eight studies [2, 5, 9, 20, 22, 27, 36, 37] compared acupressure against sham acupressure, two studies [38, 39] used a placebo control group, and four studies compared with no treatment [5, 6, 9, 20]. One study [40] compared acupressure to vitamin B6 50 mg. In this study, women in both groups also received a placebo intervention. One study compared the use of acupressure with ingestion of ginger capsules [6]. One study [38] only presented the number per group in percentage in the results tables. Based on another study [4], we used n = 48/49.
All of these studies examined the result of an intervention with acupoint PC6 (Nei Guan) using finger or wrist band, except for two [3, 22]. Of these, one trial [3] compared the PC6 point in combination with auricular acupressure, and one trial [22] compared acupressure on the KID21 (You Men) point on the abdomen with sham acupressure on the abdomen. In this study, all women had also taken 40 mg vitamin B6 twice daily. Patients suffering from HG had also received IV fluid therapy in both arms of two studies [2, 3].
Nine trials [8, 10, 28–30, 33–35, 41] examined the effectiveness of acupuncture. They examined the result of an intervention using a variety of different acupoints according to TCM, except for two studies [8, 28]. Of these, one trial [8] added acupressure on the PC6 point between acupuncture sessions in the treatment group and one trial combined the needling with moxibustion [28]. Two trials compared acupuncture with sham acupuncture [10, 35]. In one of these [10], separate groups received traditional, PC6, sham acupuncture or no treatment. Acupuncture was compared to conventional or herbal interventions in three trials [8, 28, 33], to IV fluid therapy in three studies [29, 30, 34] and to moxibustion in one study [41].
Four studies [7, 31, 32, 42] compared auricular acupressure to Chinese herbs [42], no treatment [7] and IV fluid therapy [31, 32]. One study with IV fluid therapy [31] combined ear acupressure with acupuncture needling and also had one arm comparing ear acupressure with PC6 acupressure. In the study [7] comparing ear acupressure to no treatment, patients were allowed to take anti-emetic drugs when needed. The authors reported that the results appeared to favor the treatment group, although scores were lower in this group at baseline. Hence, results were difficult to interpret [1].
There were three studies on moxibustion [11–13], comparing moxa to Chinese herbal medicine [11], IV fluid therapy [12] and one study with moxa in the treatment group as the only difference between the two intervention groups.
The studies for acupuncture and moxibustion were mainly conducted in Chinese. They reported on the treatment of HG using a combination of the following five points: Zu San Li (ST36), Nei Guan (PC6), Zhong Wan (CV12), Gong Sun (SP4) and San Yin Jiao (SP6). Studies using the PC6 point alone for acupressure were mainly in English.
Standards for reporting interventions in clinical trials of acupuncture (STRICTA) in the included studies
Table 2 presents an appraisal of the standards for reporting acupuncture treatment in all the included studies using the revised STRICTA criteria (2010) [26]. None of the included studies reported the acustimulation procedure sufficiently detailed to satisfy STRICTA criteria. Although treatment regimen and control interventions were always reported, details of needling or acupressure and other components of treatment were often insufficiently described. The background of the TCM practitioner was only reported in one study [22].
Table 2 Appraisal of acupuncture, acupressure and moxibustion procedure based on the Revised STRICTA (2010)
Bias risk assessment in the included studies
Table 3 presents the results of bias assessment risk. The methodological quality of the included studies was mixed. Most of the studies had at least one or two items scoring unclear or high, except for one study [35], which had a low score for all items. With regard to selection bias, three studies [29, 31, 36] were rated at high risk of bias for random sequence generation. More than 80 % of the studies did not describe allocation concealment. The amount of missing outcome data in most of the studies was generally low, with attrition levels below 20 % and the reasons for attrition and missing data well reported. Almost 60 % of studies had a high risk with respect to blinding of participants and personnel, especially in the Chinese studies.
Table 3 Cochrane's risk of bias assessment
Effects of interventions
Outcomes in most Chinese studies [3, 11–13, 28–34, 41, 42] and three English studies [8, 36, 38] were mainly classified into the following categories: cured, improved or ineffective.
Most studies on NVP used only subjective outcome measures such as the Rhodes Index score or Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) questionnaire to assess severity of nausea and vomiting. Objective outcome measurements using ketones for HG were used in five studies [2, 29, 31, 33, 42]. Table 4 shows the data for dichotomous outcomes (cured rate and RR) and Table 5 those of continuous outcomes on the last day of intervention (mean + SD).
Table 4 Dichotomous outcomes from original studies (*included in pooling)
Table 5 Continuous outcomes on last day of treatment from original studies (*included in pooling)
Data from nine studies could not be entered into the meta-analyses because the way the outcomes were presented did not allow pooling. Six of these studies [2, 20, 22, 31, 32, 39] reported a significant difference in the treatment group compared to their control group. Table 6 shows more detailed information of excluded studies, reasons for exclusion and significance according to the author. Eventually, 20 studies met the inclusion criteria for pooling.
Table 6 Studies excluded from analyzes because of insufficient information
Analyses for dichotomous data
Overall analysis for dichotomous data from 14 studies using acupressure [3, 36, 38, 42], acupuncture [8, 28–30, 33, 34, 41] or moxa [11–13] showed a beneficial reduction in the combined outcome for nausea, vomiting, and ketones in case of HG with a pooled RR of 1.73 (95 % CI 1.43 to 2.08, I squared 61 %) (Fig. 2), indicating 73 % fewer patients with symptoms at outcomes measured in the treatment group compared to those of the control group. Subgroup analyses of the various acustimulation techniques each show significant improvements with similar pooled RRs as combined analysis.
Improvement in nausea and vomiting during pregnancy per technique of acustimulation (relative risk (RR), 95 % CI)
Acupressure [3, 37, 39, 42] reduced the severity of symptoms in NVP and HG by 41 % (RRp 1.41, 95 % CI 1.06 to 1.87, I squared 36 %). The effectiveness of acupuncture [11, 29–31, 34, 35, 41] was twice as large as the effect of the control group (RRp 2.09, 95 % CI 1.42 to 3.06, I squared 77 %) and moxibustion [11–13] improved symptoms by 65 % (RRp 1.65, 95 % CI 1.45 to 1.89, I squared 0 %).
Analyses for continuous data
Figure 3 shows the analyses for continuous data from seven studies [5–7, 10, 37, 40, 42]. Results are presented per outcome measurement for nausea, vomiting or combined. We did not include the results for retching, ketones and acupuncture against PC6 acupuncture.
Efficacy per outcome measurement for studies with continuous outcome measures (Standard mean difference (SMD), 95 % CI)
Mean analysis from four studies [5, 6, 10, 37] did not show any evidence of an effect on nausea (pooled SMD −0.18, 95 % CI −0.52 to 0.16, I squared 62 %), nor did a similar analysis for vomiting from four studies [6, 10, 37] (pooled SMD 0.13, 95 % CI −0.46 to 0.72, I squared 88 %).
The analysis for the effect on the combined outcome for nausea and vomiting from five studies [6, 7, 37, 40, 42] did not show a significant effect of the treatment either (pooled SMD −0.23, 95 % CI −0.62 to 0.15, I squared 71.4 %). Overall SMD for all outcomes resulting from studies with continuous outcome measures was -0.12 (95 % CI −0.35 to 0.12, I-squared 76 %). There was no difference between blinded and non-blinded studies.
Four additional sensitivity analyses were perfomed, one excluding control groups with Chinese herbal medicine or conventional treatment [8, 11, 28, 33] and one restricting pooling to Chinese studies only. The results showed no differences with overall results. The third sensitivity analysis showed that, although there was some limited evidence for the effect of the stimulation of one point (RR = 1.43 (95 % CI 1.03 to 2.00, I squared 57 %), the use of a combination of acupoints according to TCM diagnoses yielded a better result in the treatment outcomes for NVP and HG (RR = 1.73 (95 % CI 1.43 to 2.08, I squared 62 %).
We performed a fourth sensitivity analysis to determine if the heterogeneity between studies could be explained by the different control groups. The crude RR for the studies with dichotomous data was 1.73 (95 % CI, 1.43 to 2.08). The RR, stratified by the therapy used in the control group did not alter the RR 1.78 (95 % CI 1.51 to 2.08). The crude pooled SMD for studies with continuous data was −0.23 (95 % CI −0.62 to 0.15) while the pooled SMD, stratified by the therapy used in the control group became statistically significant (pooled SMD −0.49, 95 % CI −0.65 to −0.34).
Adverse events reporting
Four studies [5, 35, 38, 40] reported on adverse events: increased sickness and local pain of the wrist due to tightness of the wrist band, and sleep disturbance, altered taste, bruising, pressure in the nose, headache and one case of increased sickness for acupuncture. No adverse effects were reported in studies for auricular acupuncture or moxibustion.
The present study reviewed randomized controlled trials on the efficacy of different techniques of acupoint stimulation for the treatment of NPVor HG in early pregnancy. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review that also systematically included studies in Chinese for NVP or HG. The different acustimulation techniques examined here were acupressure finger or wrist band, auricular acupressure, traditional acupuncture and moxibustion. Most studies in the trials with acupressure were in English and examined the result of the stimulation of one point (PC6 or Neiguan) in studies for NVP. The studies for acupuncture and moxibustion were mainly conducted in Chinese for the treatment of HG using a combination of the following five points: Zu San Li (ST36), Nei Guan (PC6), Zhong Wan (CV12), Gong Sun (SP4) and San Yin Jiao (SP6).
Our meta-analysis included data from 20 trials. Mean analysis for nausea, vomiting and the combined effect from studies with continuous outcome measures did not show any evidence of symptom relief in NVP and HG. If control groups with Chinese herbal medicine in a sensitivity analysis were excluded, the effect on the combined outcome of nausea and vomiting compared to sham- or placebo-controlled intervention groups became significant (SMD −0.43, 95 % CI −0.65 to −0.2, I squared 0 %). Although there was a statistical difference between the two groups, the decrease was not clinically relevant. The overall analysis for dichotomous data showed a beneficial reduction in the combined outcome for nausea, vomiting, and ketones in case of HG (RR = 1.73 (95 % CI 1.43 to 2.08, I squared 61 %). We could not perform subgroup analyses by blinding because of poor or unclear blinding in most Chinese studies.
We are aware that we did not include all data, given the fact that we excluded control groups that were not optimally blinded. Exclusion of data from studies with multiple arms results might be a potential bias. We have made this decision because data from studies that are not blinded are less reliable. Moreover, it is not appropriate to include multiple comparisons in a meta-analysis, because every patient would be counted multiple times. Nevertheless, results obtained in this meta-analysis should be interpreted with caution. A major limitation in this study was that we faced a considerable amount of statistical heterogeneity among the trials. This might be due to the combination of data from trials on different interventions, different comparison groups, and a lack of standardization of primary outcomes measured or reported. In addition, for the sensitivity analyses we combined trials with the same control group and this did not reduce statistical heterogeneity. Moreover, the methodological quality of the included studies assessed by the Cochrane's risk of bias tool was mixed. Some studies had high rates of attrition, poor allocation concealment and other methodological problems, which put them at high risk of bias. Another major limitation was blinding, especially in the Chinese studies. Although many of the included studies were described as being double-blind or as having kept women blind to group allocation, lack of effective blinding may also have introduced bias. Some of the trials that investigated the effectiveness of blinding provided some evidence that women may have had some idea of group allocation [10, 35, 38]. Lack of blinding or unconvincing blinding may be particularly relevant where the main outcome is women's subjective, self-reported symptoms.
According to the revised STRICTA criteria, some essential details of the acupuncture treatment protocol were often insufficiently described. This is not an unexpected finding, given the fact that STRICTA was introduced in 2010. Precise description of these components of the acupuncture procedures will enable other researchers to replicate and evaluate the reported treatment protocol critically, accurately and reliably in both research and clinical settings [19].
Very few studies in the current review reported adverse events for the treatment with acupressure and acupuncture. No serious adverse events were reported and none for auricular acupressure and moxibustion. Although it may not be safe to assume that because negative outcomes were not reported, they did not occur, a systematic review about adverse events following acupuncture [43] suggested that most adverse events can easily be avoided by standardizing teaching and clinical practices.
A previous meta-analysis [4] and two recent reviews [1, 17] on acustimulation effects for NVP showed limited evidence for the effects of PC6 acupressure or acupuncture for reducing NVP. No trials of treatments for HG showed any evidence of benefit. In contrast with the latest Cochrane review [1], which tried to present findings for a time point approximately three days after the start of treatment, we opted to choose the last day of the intervention for outcome measurement. Hence, we sometimes obtained a different result for some studies in both reviews.
Although there is some evidence that different acustimulation techniques significantly reduce the combined outcome for nausea, vomiting, and ketones in case of HG, it is too early to definitely conclude on the beneficial effects of acustimulation for the treatment of NVP and HG, taking into account the non-significant results in studies with continuous outcome measures and the moderate quality of the studies, especially with regard to blinding. Future clinical trials with a rigorous design and large sample sizes should be conducted to evaluate efficacy and safety of these interventions for NVP and HG.
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Werntoft E, Dykes AK. Effect of acupressure on nausea and vomiting during pregnancy: a randomized, placebo-controlled, pilot study. J Reprod Med Obstet Gynecol. 2001;46(9):835–9.
Saberi F, Sadat Z, Abedzadeh-Kalahroudi M, Taebi M. Acupressure and ginger to relieve nausea and vomiting in pregnancy: a randomized study. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2013;15(9):854–61.
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Lu XM. Citicoline combined with moxibustion for the treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum (胞二磷胆碱联合艾灸治疗妊娠剧吐). Zhejiang J Tradit Chin Med. 2012;10:806–7.
King TL, Murphy PA. Evidence-based approaches to managing nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2009;54(6):430–44. doi:10.1016/j.jmwh.2009.08.005.
Festin M. Nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy. BMJ Clin Evid. 2014. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24646807.
Smith CA, Cochrane S. Does acupuncture have a place as an adjunct treatment during pregnancy? A review of randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews. Birth. 2009;36(3):246–53. doi:10.1111/j.1523-536X.2009.00329.x.
Jewell D, Young G. Interventions for nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;4:CD000145. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd000145.
Xu J, MacKenzie IZ. The current use of acupuncture during pregnancy and childbirth. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2012;24(2):65–71. doi:10.1097/GCO.0b013e32834fead1.
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Rad MN, Lamyian M, Heshmat R, Jaafarabadi MA, Yazdani S. A randomized clinical trial of the efficacy of KID21 point (Youmen) acupressure on nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2012;14(11):697–701.
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Streitberger K, Ezzo J, Schneider A. Acupuncture for nausea and vomiting: an update of clinical and experimental studies. Auton Neurosci. 2006;129(1–2):107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autneu.2006.07.015.
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Liu TO, Yu J. Clinical study of auricular sticking therapy for hyperemesis gravidarum (耳穴贴敷治疗恶阻的临床研究). Hubei J Tradit Chin Med. 2012;34(9):67–8. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-0704.2012.09.045.
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Dundee JW, Sourial FB, Ghaly RG, Bell PF. P6 acupressure reduces morning sickness. J R Soc Med. 1988;81(8):456–7.
Belluomini J, Litt RC, Lee KA, Katz M. Acupressure for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: a randomized, blinded study. Obstet Gynecol. 1994;84(2):245–8.
Norheim AJ, Pedersen EJ, Fonnebo V, Berge L. Acupressure treatment of morning sickness in pregnancy: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Scand J Prim Health Care. 2001;19(1):43–7.
Steele NM, French J, Gatherer-Boyles J, Newman S, Leclaire S. Effect of acupressure by sea-bands on nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2001;30(1):61–70. doi:10.1111/j.1552-6909.2001.tb01522.x.
Jamigorn M, Phupong V. Acupressure and vitamin B6 to relieve nausea and vomiting in pregnancy: a randomized study. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2007;276(3):245–9.
Liu WX. The clinical observation on the efficacy of acupuncture and moxibustion in the treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum (针灸与艾灸治疗妊娠剧吐的临床疗效观察). J Med Forum. 2011(16):168 + 70.
Ou YZT, Qian P, Chen SQ, Hai Y, Su H. The clinical observation of treatment of auricular acupressure combined with clearing heat method for 30 cases with severe vomiting in pregnancy (耳穴贴压配合养阴清热法治疗重症妊娠恶阻30例临床观察). China J Tradit Med Pharm. 2001;06:35–8.
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We would like to thank Steffen Fieuws (Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics Centre, University of Leuven, Belgium) for his advice on statistical problems.
Source of funding
No funding was obtained for this study.
Department of Family Medicine and Primary Health Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
Els Van den Heuvel & Hai Xia Sun
Department of General Practice, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Maria Goossens & Frank Buntinx
Department of Family Medicine and Primary Health Care, Interuniversity Training Centre for General Practitioners, Leuven, Belgium
Hilde Vanderhaegen
Department of General Practice, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands
Frank Buntinx
Els Van den Heuvel
Maria Goossens
Hai Xia Sun
Correspondence to Els Van den Heuvel.
EVdH, MG and FB designed the study. EVdH searched the databases. EVdH, HV and HXS assessed risk of bias. EVdH initially acquired data and drafted the manuscript. MG performed the statistical analyses. EVdH, MG, FB reviewed/edited the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Van den Heuvel, E., Goossens, M., Vanderhaegen, H. et al. Effect of acustimulation on nausea and vomiting and on hyperemesis in pregnancy: a systematic review of Western and Chinese literature. BMC Complement Altern Med 16, 13 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-016-0985-4
Hyperemesis
Acustimulation

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Date: 2021-08-07

## Status

Accepted

## Context

`__decorate`, `__metadata` and `__param` may contain more than half of total generated js in a large enterprise project.
Improve the performance will benefit large project.

## Decision

Re-Implement the above function with better performance. By remove the comparison inside loop.

## Consequences

Need manual change the import from `tslib` to `agentframeowork`


text:
'''
Definition of direct construction API call and services
and metaclass to install them in an API provider
'''

import types

import bfglobals
import bfsoap
import bftransport
import bftypes

class ApiCall(object):
    '''
    Non-data descriptor class to be installed in L{ApiService}

    @type soappattern: string
    @cvar soappattern: basic string pattern with substitution patterns to form
                       the final soap message

    @type instanceCache: dict
    @ivar instanceCache: cache for instances during descriptor operation
    @type pattern: string
    @ivar pattern: holds the prepared soap message patter
    @type ns1: string
    @ivar ns1: namespace where this call was defined
    @type ns2: string
    @ivar ns2: namespace where types for this call are defined
    @type nsxsd: string
    @ivar nsxsd: namespace where types for this call are defined formatted for type parsing
    @type headers: dict
    @ivar headers: customized headers for this specific operation
    '''

    soappattern = '''<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<soap:Envelope xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ns1="$$ns1$$" xmlns:ns2="$$ns2$$">
<soap:Header/>
<soap:Body>
<ns1:$$operation$$>
$$request$$
</ns1:$$operation$$>
</soap:Body>
</soap:Envelope>'''

    def __init__(self, apitype, ns1, ns2, operation, result='Result', **kwargs):
        '''
        Initializes most of the pattern and the HTTP request, leaving just the last second
        specific value substitutions for the soap call

        @type ns1: string
        @param ns1: namespace where the call was defined
        @type ns2: string
        @param ns2: namespace where the types used by the call were defined
        @type operation: string
        @param operation: name of the call
        '''
        self.apitype = apitype
        self.__name__ = '_' + operation + '_'

        self.instanceCache = dict()

        self.pattern = self.soappattern

        self.ns1 = ns1
        self.ns2 = ns2
        self.nsxsd = '{' + ns2 + '}'
        self.pattern = self.patternSub('ns1', self.ns1)
        self.pattern = self.patternSub('ns2', self.ns2)

        self.operation = operation
        self.pattern = self.patternSub('operation', self.operation)

        self.result = result

        self.headers = dict()
        self.headers['Content-type'] = 'text/xml; charset=utf-8'
        self.headers['User-agent'] = bfglobals.libstring
        self.headers['SoapAction'] = '"%s"' % self.operation

    def decodeComplex(self, element, xstype, valtype):
        '''
        Decodes a SOAP complex type from Betfair referring to the type namespace (ns2 instance variable)

        @type element: elementTree.element
        @param element: xml element containing the type to be parsed
        @type xstype: string
        @param xstype: namespace to which the type belongs in the xsd schema
        @type valtype: string
        @param valtype: type of the element

        @return: a tuple with False|True indicating if the type could be decoded
                 and the actual result of the decoding
        @rtype: tuple
        '''
        if xstype == self.nsxsd and valtype.startswith('ArrayOf'):
            return (True, bfsoap.decode_array(element, [self.decodeComplex], [self.decodeSimplex]))

        return (False, None)

    def decodeSimplex(self, element, xstype, valtype):
        '''
        Decodes a SOAP simple type from Betfair referring to the type namespace (ns2 instance variable)

        @type element: elementTree.element
        @param element: xml element containing the type to be parsed
        @type xstype: string
        @param xstype: namespace to which the type belongs in the xsd schema
        @type valtype: string
        @param valtype: type of the element

        @return: a tuple with False|True indicating if the type could be decoded
                 and the actual result of the decoding
        @rtype: tuple
        '''
        if xstype == self.nsxsd and 'Enum' in valtype:
                return (True, element.text)

        return (False, None)

    def patternSub(self, name, value):
        '''
        Initializes most of the pattern and the HTTP request, leaving just the last second
        specific value substitutions for the soap call

        @type name: string
        @param name: pattern name to be substituted in the soap message
        @type value: string
        @param value: the string to put into the soap message
        '''
        return self.pattern.replace('$$%s$$' % name, value)

    def __get__(self, instance, owner):
        '''
        Non-data descriptor implementation.

        It returns a method type pointing to itself. This forces the invocation of __call__

        @type instance: instance of class
        @param instance: instance that calls the descriptor
        @type owner: class
        @param owner: the class that holds the descriptor
        '''
        return self.instanceCache.setdefault(instance, types.MethodType(self, instance, owner))

    def __call__(self, instance, request):
        '''
        Invoked as method by L{ApiService} instances. It receives the instance and a request

        It finishes preparation of the soap message with the value of the request object and
        also the preparation of the http request.

        Invokes the http request, the parsing of the soap and return the "Result" part of the
        entire response

        @type instance: an object
        @param instance: object that is invoking the descriptor
        @type request: L{ApiDataType}
        @param request: the request to be sent to the servers
        '''
        # 'Calling' the request delivers the content
        httpreq = bftransport.BfTransportRequest(instance.endPointUrl, self.patternSub('request', request()))
        httpreq.headers.update(self.headers)
        reply = instance.transport.send(httpreq)

        response = bfsoap.soap_process(reply.message, [self.decodeComplex], [self.decodeSimplex])
        return getattr(response, self.result)

class ApiCallGlobal(ApiCall):
    '''
    Specialized version of L{ApiCall} for Global calls
    '''
    ns1 = 'http://www.betfair.com/publicapi/v3/BFGlobalService/'
    ns2 = 'http://www.betfair.com/publicapi/types/global/v3/'

    def __init__(self, operation, result='Result', **kwargs):
        '''
        Initializes the parent class

        @type operation: string
        @param operation: name of the call
        '''
        ApiCall.__init__(self, 'global', self.ns1, self.ns2, operation=operation, result=result, **kwargs)

class ApiCallExchange(ApiCall):
    '''
    Specialized version of L{ApiCall} for Exchange calls
    '''
    ns1 = 'http://www.betfair.com/publicapi/v5/BFExchangeService/'
    ns2 = 'http://www.betfair.com/publicapi/types/exchange/v5/'

    def __init__(self, operation, result='Result', **kwargs):
        '''
        Initializes the parent class

        @type operation: string
        @param operation: name of the call
        '''
        ApiCall.__init__(self, 'exchange', self.ns1, self.ns2, operation=operation, result=result, **kwargs)

class ApiCallVendor(ApiCall):
    '''
    Specialized version of L{ApiCall} for Vendor calls
    '''
    ns1 = 'http://www.betfair.com/adminapi/v2/VendorService/'
    ns2 = 'http://www.betfair.com/adminapi/types/v2/'

    def __init__(self, operation, result='Result', **kwargs):
        '''
        Initializes the parent class

        @type operation: string
        @param operation: name of the call
        '''
        ApiCall.__init__(self, 'vendor', self.ns1, self.ns2, operation=operation, result=result, **kwargs)


text:
Quality Control #1 and #2 (UK, late 2000s?)
Quality Control No. 1 - Nationalism and Sound
Featuring: 10 UK Hardcore Punk Records You Should Know, Light in the Darkness by Citizens Arrest Song Rumination, Grass Roots vs Globalised hardcore punk discussion. Interviews with Invasion (Spain), The Sceptres (UK), Out Come the Wolves (Spain), Thee Vicars (UK), Jack from Frightener, Max 625, Adam Malik (Pain Runs Deep). Cover art by Tommyrot.
Quality Control No. 2 - Individuality
Featuring: Moving Targets (80s Boston Post-punk), Cold World (90s Vienna powerviolence), Nowhere Fast (00s Liverpool BMX Bandits), Boston Scene Report by Liz Libyans, various rants/articles including one on the state of the EDGE featuring various international contributors, and another about the Impossible Individual. Cover art by Glenn Smith.
Frightener
Moving Targets
Out Come the Wolves
Pain Runs Deep
The Sceptres
Thee Vicars
POGO AND LAUGH #1 (UK, 2010)
POGO AND LAUGH ISSUE ONE TWOTHOUSANDANDTEN. ZINE FROM POGO PUNX RECORDS!
Zine blog/contact here.
Pogo and Laugh
Pogo 77
The Ejected
Sniffin' Glue And Other Rock 'N' Roll Habits #12, 1977
I put the magazine together with the same 'back to basics' approach as the music that I was to feature. The main text, if you could call it that, was typed out on an old children's typewriter that my parents had bought for me as a Christmas present when I was about ten. The titles and the limited 'graphics' I scrawled out with a black felt tipped pen. It was raw, to say the least, but it put across the punk message perfectly. It celebrated the DIY ethic but was also representative of the very best that I could do. Even in the first issue I was identifying punk as a scene separate from the rest of rock music, but because of my openness it could include reviews of my old favourites Blue Oyster Cult alongside obvious ravings about The Ramones. Mark Perry, 2000'Correspondents here have noted how prolific some of the fanzine writers were - on the ball and what not - Sniffin' Glue is the classic example - spanning july '76-sept '77 (15 issues, 1-12 [see editorial in this issue for details of the peculiar numbering]) Sniffin' Glue was a monthly record of the emergent scene - Mark Perry & Co's view true, but undoubtedly astute.
Sniffin' Glue
by bachan | Sat, 24/07/2010 - 14:40
Intensive Care #2, 1981
IC: Do you regret that interview in Back Issue
COLIN: Yeah it was absolutely shit I'M not blaming the people who did it, the interview was 8 months old & things change so much in 8 months & some of the things I said were completely untrue & I have done the interview again with proper true answer. We patched it up with Crass but they were a bit upset about it & so was i.Colin Latter, 1981
Girls at our Best
Milkmen
UK Decay
I Know it's untrendy to be a London based fanzine, but we don't give a fuck about what's trendy and what's not trendy. This is our second edition of a fanzine last time we were called Music Works but now we don't like that name and so we've changed it to Intensive Care as you will have noticed by looking at the front cover.
6 Minute War
The Tea Set
Ripped & Torn #15, 1978
Tony old son,why don't you come up to the NME and laugh in our faces?Why don't you come up and make the snide pathetic insults to our faces? Then me & you can go out the back and you can keep laughing out there. This is an open invitation, okay?Come up here whenever you're ready, I'm waiting for ya.Tony Parsons, 1978'Another bona fide classic here. There's plenty of info about R&T and its creator, Tony Drayton, on the web - not least the fine Kill Your Pet Puppy website, structured around Tony's equally fine second fanzine of the same name. So I'll not bother with the usual gobbets here. Again, I've a good few of these to upload, and again they'll be making random appearances. 'Issue #15 has Wayne County, Sham 69 take a token kicking, the Viletones, Tony D. on the Motorcycle Sluts and an appraisal of 60's psych' (Standells, Sonics, Electric Prunes etc). Full page Antz advert (ditto Bernie Torme Band).
Ripped and Torn
Anti-Climax #5, 1980
AC: Hi JimmyJim: HelloAC: Eh!.Jim: What do you mean, eh?'Jimmy Pursestrings', 1980
Issue #5 of Phil and Nidge's Anti-Climax.
Reviews: live - The Adicts/Disco Zombie/Mysterons; LPs - The Damned, Crass, Cherry Red Comp (Rudi, Girlschool, Those Naughty Lumps, Crisis, The Shapes, Newtown Neurotics, AK Process, Second Layer, Glaxo Babies, Llygod Ffyrning, Poison Girls, Piranhas, Spizz Oil, I Jog And The Tracksuits); 7"s - Pulp, 999, Epileptics, Swell Maps, Angelic Upstarts, The Stiffs, Cockney Rejects + letters/charts.
Single & Double sided A4 scanned at 400dpi
Anti-Climax #5
Ok, so I have a spare copy of this fanzine - if you'd like it, have a scan around this post for the hidden mediafire link - first person to make a comment using the password gets the fanzine.
Anonymous comments enabled
Hidden link revealed - to the left of the 2nd Jim.
AC: So you're opposed to the whole aura of the 'rock scene'.'Jaz: Of course I'm fucking opposed to it. Don't you think it's funny that people like us can be in a studio like this. They hate it, the idea that a grotty little turd like me could get anywhere near what they're doing. I hate the music business. I like the scene that you guys are interested in - small bands. Jaz Coleman, 1981'Issue #8 of Anti-Climax has good interviews with UK Decay and Killing Joke + a fairer appraisal of Another Pretty Face + a mention of The Anticx from Haverhill. 7" reviews - Pinpoint, Redbeat, Ski Patrol, Crass + letters. Cracking stuff. 'A4 scanned at 400 dpi Anti-Climax #8
KIRSTY (Captain's girlfriend): Are you sick on stage ?
IAN: Of course I'm not sick on stage. What do you think I am, some kind of nutcase.?Ian Woodcock (Vibrators), 1980
I've 3 issues of Anti Climax to upload + a spare #5, which I'll be giving away in a competition type thing. Anti Climax ran to 9 copies between '79-'82 and again, Clash sniping aside, it's a good little runner. Issue #6 also has: The Puritans, The Bleeding Pyles; live - SLF/Another Pretty Face ('boring'? - I saw the Bradford George's Hall leg of this tour and thought APF were excellent - horses/courses...), 999/Pinpoint; LPs - Penetration, The Cockney Rejects, Hybrid Kids Compilation; 7"s - Killing Joke, The Vibrators, The Cure, The Cockney Rejects, Sham 69 + news, letters and readers' chart.
If you've not already spotted it, get yourself along to DaveO's new blog, http://daveo-musicandstuff.blogspot.com/. Kindly making costly and rare items readily available for all to see, gratis, DaveO will be posting Punk fanzines. And hey, please acknowledge that generosity of spirit by offering thanks once in a while for the treats that are dished-up.


Authentic Louis Vuitton Necklace 18k Yellow Gold No box & cert , comes with a small pouch. Before discount: $2880 After 20% off: $2304 Gold Hub Jewellery We are located at City Square Mall #03-41 (Farrer Park MRT) Our shop opens from 11:30am to 9pm, Mon to Sun.
Brand new. No lowballers or trades please.
Worn once only item is still in a very good and new state. The lights are still able to shine & blink brightly. Red in colour.
Pretty earring from Korea. Slightly use.
Authentic Tom Ford Spectacles Model: TF5568K Size: 50_21_145 Made in Italy Comes with original box, case, cloth and card. Degree lenses can be installed. PM for details.
2 for $10. Minimal black spots on the bangle because did not use it for too Long, the paint dropped.


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                Dr. Laura Lewin

Frequently asked questions

Prepare for your visit

Uninsured services

Special notices

Special notices

Flu shots have arrived for fall 2017

Flu shots

I recommend everyone be vaccinated, every fall, especially those in high risk groups for complications of the flu(see note below). Public health especially urges pregnant women, daycare providers and children age 6 months to 5 years of age be vaccinated. Please call to book an appointment from October to the end of December.

If you are 65 or over and get your flu shot elsewhere, please let us know.

You can use Fluwatch from the Public Health Agency of Canada to keep informed on Influenza in Canada: http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/fluwatch/.

There is also a nasal flu vaccine(FluMist) which is an alternative to the injected flu vaccine for people over 2 years of age who have a needle phobia. Call the office if you would prefer this for you or your child.

I also give flu shots on a drop in basis when I am working after hours in Suite 201. You can call my staff regarding what those dates are. After 5:00 parking is free on the street.

You can also be updated for other vaccines you are due for at the same time.

Please call the office to come in for your shot. I do recommend that ALL my patients get a flu shot each fall, but especially those who fall into a high risk group for complications of influenza as outlined here:

Recommended Recipients of Influenza Vaccine*

People at high risk of influenza-related complications or those more likely to require hospitalization for:

Adults (especially pregnant women) and children with the following chronic health conditions :

cardiac (including angina, previous heart attack or stent) or pulmonary disorders (including bronchopulmonary dysplasia, cystic fibrosis and asthma);

diabetes mellitus and other metabolic diseases ;

cancer, immunodeficiency, immunosuppression (due to underlying disease and/or therapy);

renal disease;

anemia or hemoglobinopathy;

conditions that compromise the management of respiratory secretions and are associated with an increased risk of; and

children and adolescents with conditions treated for long periods with acetylsalicylic acid.

People of any age who are residents of nursing homes and other chronic care facilities.

People ≥ 65 years of age.

Healthy children 6 to 59 months of age.

Healthy pregnant women (the risk of influenza-related hospitalization for increases with length of gestation, i. e. it is higher in the third than in the second trimester).

People capable of transmitting influenza to those at high risk

Health care and other care providers in facilities and community settings who, through their activities, are capable of transmitting influenza to those at high risk of influenza complications.

Household contacts (adults and children) of individuals at high risk of influenza-related complications (whether or not the individual at high risk has been immunized):

household contacts of individuals at high risk, as listed in the section above;

household contacts of infants >6 months of age who are at high risk of complications from influenza but for whom influenza vaccine is not authorized ; and

members of a household expecting a newborn during the influenza season.

Those providing regular child care to children >59 months of age, whether in or out of the home.

Those who provide services within closed or relatively closed settings to persons at high risk (e. g. crew on a ship).

Others

People who provide essential community services.

People in direct contact during culling operations with poultry infected with avian influenza.

Special consideration

Persons who are morbidly obese (BMI ≥ 40).

Aboriginal people.

Healthy children 2 to 4 years of age.

* Note: Healthy persons aged 5 to 64 years without contraindication are also encouraged to receive influenza vaccine even if they are not in one of the priority groups.

Chickenpox and shingles vaccines

Canada's National Advisory Committee on Immunization advised in 2010 that children receive a second dose of chickenpox vaccine. In Ontario children who are eligible should receive a second dose. They need to be born on or after Jan. 1, 2000 and have not had chickenpox. I also recommend older children receive the vaccine and can give parents a prescription for this that they would bring to the office with their child at an appointment.

There is also a shingles shot (Zostavax) available with a prescription, for those 50 years and older. As of the Fall 2016, OHIP covered the shingles shot for patients 65-70 years old. This boosts your immunity and decreases the risk of shingles and the severity of shingles if you do develop it. If you want this, we can call a prescription to a pharmacy and you bring it in. The vaccine must be kept in the fridge until administered. It is also available from the pharmacy in my building.

Pneumonia shots

Pneumovax 23 has long been given to patients over 65 years old or with a chronic health problem such as asthma or heart disease at a younger age. This is free under OHIP.

Prevnar-13 is given to babies and to patients with certain chronic health problems. OHIP does not cover the cost of the vaccine otherwise but you can get a prescription for this vaccine and bring it in to be given by me. After 6-12 months Pneumovax 23 can be given.

Travel shots

Visits and immunizations for travel outside of Canada are NOT covered by OHIP as above. I do not see patients for travel related concerns. You need to book far in advance with one of the Travel Medicine Clinics.

Your checkup

I do expect that medically complex patients will come in for a complete checkup once a year. This is especially important for those over 50 years old. As part of your checkup I will arrange appropriate screening tests that are recommended. To learn more about some of the recommended cancer screening for people who have no complaints and feel fine, go to: www.cancercare.on.ca and www.healthyontario.com.

I provide the best care and give advice when I see you for your checkup, as there is more time to review your health overall.

Vitamin D testing

OHIP will not pay for screening Vitamin D levels. You can still have it done but you would pay for the test. My advice to all my adult patients is to follow Canada's Food Guide for dairy intake and take 1000 units of Vitamin D daily. If most days you do not have 15 minutes of sun exposure and during the winter, increase the supplement to 2000 units a day.

Your test results

All test results are reviewed by me (or the doctor covering me when I am off) upon their arrival. We generally notify you of results that were investigating a particular problem. The secretary will call you to convey a brief message that I send to her. She cannot give you advice further to what I tell her. If anything is unclear, ask her for clarification and she will either check with me and phone you back or book an appointment with me either via phone or again in person. However, if you are concerned and have not received a call,I suggest you schedule a return appointment to discuss your test results, review your progress and address any questions you may have. Of course, if you are having ongoing or worsening problems after a test, regardless of whether you were called or not, I expect you would book a follow up appointment.


an easy to use, heavy duty fixing which allows the user to pull boards tightly in against walls.
a thermally decoupled fixing, great for fixing all insulation boards to masonry walls.
perfect for fixing the UdiRECO system or for boards where precise adjustment is required.
UdiASSEMBLY Masonry fixings are suitable for internal or external use on to all types of masonry including soft brick, stone, Porotherm, concrete block and in to rendered surfaces.
Simply hold your insulation board in the desired position.
Using an 8mm drill bit, drill through the board and at least 70mm in to the substrate and then clear the hole by moving the dril back and forth 2-3 times.
Put the grey masonry plug on the end of the screw and insert in to the hole so that the plug goes in to the masonry and reaches the stops.
If the masonry is very soft, a small amount of silicone grease on the tip of the screw helps.
Once this is in place drive the screw in to the wall and stop once the head is level with the surface of the board.
Finally, insert the green plug in to the head to prevent any plaster reaching the head of the screw.
Each box contains 100 screws. Depending on the system, you will need between 6 and 9 fixings per square metre.
Sizes refer to insulation thickness, not screw length.
Here you can see the EBB clay boards being attached to a new ceiling within a large building restoration project in Somerset. The boards are being used primarily because of their acoustic absorption so that privacy and acoustic separation are maintained in each of the rooms. In spite of some initial reservations, the installers find them simple and easy to work with and there is little waste.
Once all of the boards have been installed they will be plastered with the Baumit RK 38 and finished with the Baumit Klima Glatte for a slightly textured, historic feel.
Here you will find pricing and shipping estimates. To get a fixed quote, please call our technical team on 01392 861763 or get in touch via the form below.
We can supply fixings for insulation up to 240mm thick (so 300mm overall), please ask for details. Carriage is typically calculated at £10 + VAT per box and all orders will be sent in a box. This price does vary if delivery is required to remote locations so please contact us for a more accurate price.
If this purchase is part of a larger order, please do not use these transport costs as the goods will grouped together for a much more competitive rate.
In summary, if you are looking for more than just a builders' merchant, we might be the guys to talk to.


You are here: Home / Exercise / How to stop worrying about dieting?
So I have to admit something…I still worry about dieting sometimes. Even when I shouldn't be. So, exactly how to stop worrying about dieting?
As you know, I constantly talk about the need for real/unprocessed/nutritional/natural food. I went on a trip recently and I basically threw most of that out of the window. Hear me out.
Anyways, I mention this because before my trip I was worrying about what I would eat and what I would do on vacation. Since it's so bad for me, maybe I shouldn't be eating all the local cuisine. Maybe I should get extra exercise and go out for a few runs since it's so nice and warm. Maybe I should go swim a few laps (so to speak) in the ocean. Maybe I should try to stick to low-carb foods or try to count calories… Etc, etc, etc.
The secret to staying fit, even on vacation?
try to get some form of exercise as much as I can. Pretty easy, right?
Fast if you're able to. It gives your body a chance go off fat stores for energy.
Most of all: STOP WORRYING! A bit of junk food won't kill you.
So yeah, I ate lots of fried foods. I drank a lot. I ate stuff that comes in a can and in boxes. I ate sweet deserts. I even ate Pringles, only because I sort of missed the taste. Doesn't taste like I remembered it… Either way I didn't let it bother me.
I didn't let it ruin my vacation. I thought "OK, I can go crazy for a little while and then once I get back to the states, I'll do my best get back on track." You may call it a "reverse New Year's resolution." Instead of promising to be healthy for a few weeks and then going back to bad habits, I did the complete opposite. I let myself go, I had a lot of fun and I didn't care what I ate.
I didn't worry about carbs, calories, getting "proper exercise" or anything health related. I just let myself relax and have fun for a while. I think that is one of the most important aspects of being in the right mindset.
After all, if you go crazy about dieting and exercising and never give yourself a break: you're going to suffer from burnout.
The simple fact is life is too short to be constantly worrying. You have to allow yourself a little wiggle room. Most people who have successfully ended up losing weight did so using small steps. Many have failed over and over, but the successful ones have gotten back on track and refuse to let a setback stop them.
As far as I'm concerned, there's no one out there who can be "perfect." There is no "perfect diet" nor "perfect exercise routine." Everyone has a breaking point where they just can't keep up. So, how to stop worrying about dieting?
As Mark put it best: "don't let perfect be the enemy of good." Sure, you can have the "best" results from eating absolutely "perfect," but at the same time you will suffer from your constant use of willpower to keep yourself on track. Since most people's willpower is lacking, they need to slowly develop it to actually stay on track. To keep their willpower going permanently is impossible. Everyone needs a release at some point.
Take myself for instance. When I was first getting serious about trying to lose weight, I would easily lose my willpower at the drop of a hat. For example, a pizza party at work would be impossible to resist. Despite my best efforts, my old self would have smelled the pizza and the willpower would be easily overpowered. Next thing I knew, I would gone crazy and eat like 5-7 slices. This would of course be followed by shame and the promise to never repeat it. (Which is foolish).
These days, however, it's much easier for me. Thanks to using delayed gratification and various techniques to help ignore the shytty foods, I was able to work out my willpower like a muscle. Now, the weekly box of doughnuts they leave out gets a mere glance from me and nothing else. It's not something I can do every single day for years, but it helps to have one every once in a while. Just to release the psychological pressure.
How I stopped worrying and learned to love the Bahamas!
Once I got back from my vacation and I was all relaxed, my willpower supply was filled and ready to be used again. I had no problem switching back to healthier habits, going into keto (to kill my appetite), and getting back at the gym. In other words, I just went back to normal. Just today, I walked right past those doughnuts without another thought. You need to exercise your willpower and it will get better over time. Just don't drive yourself crazy.
My favorite moment of the vacation was when I was out snorkeling on a world class beach called Lighthouse beach on Eleuthera. The water was ultra crystal clear and the reefs were huge. As I was swimming around looking for cool stuff, I happened to look down to see a gigantic yellow spiny lobster staring me in the face. This thing was enormous! Even with its tail tucked, it was about the size of my arm from elbow to fingertip!
Check out this website for pictures of what I'm talking about. They're huge. I pondered grabbing it for a photo-op, but it jetted backwards with a flip of the tail. It was a sight to behold. Another fun thing I got to see was a little yellow lemon shark. I was just standing about knee-level water, enjoying the waves, and suddenly there was this 2-3 foot shark. I freaked out a bit, but supposedly they're harmless. At that point I ran to get my girlfriend out of the water… just in case… I'd hate to be snorkeling and suddenly come face to face with a shark!
Oh, and meet my friend, "Jerry." He's a baby Conch!
I worry about dieting most of the time–really–so i thoroughly enjoyed your thoughts on the subject. Thank you so much for sharing your smart, realistic insights on the Healthy, Happy, Green & Natural Blog Hop! I appreciate it!
Thanks again! I love helping people get healthier!
Thank you for sharing your story, insights, and easily digestible (sorry ;)) keto/nutrition science. I stumbled across this blog while reading up on keto dieting and feel very motivated to try it. Your posts are interesting and very helpful.


One of the things that brought us together was our passion for campaigning against social injustice mostly through a group called SPEAK.
We both try to live as ethically as we can and we wanted our wedding to reflect that.
We wanted to make sure as far as possible that our wedding day only had a positive, or at least not negative, impact on the environment and people.
What was the most difficult part about organising an ethical wedding?
Accepting the fact that we couldn't source EVERYTHING ethically, partly due to availability, partly coz of timing, though we were super pleased with what we did manage.
Sorting my outfit was actually quite hard... In the end I had to compromise with shoes as the ethical ones I found were too high or just totally out of my price range.
I decided rather than wearing the traditional white shoes, I would go for some that I would definitely wear again, and much to the shock of some people, they were brown!
I found it hard to source an ethical tiara so in the end used a couple of sparkly clips and borrowed my mum's veil (nothing like a bit of re-using!).
As it was winter, and snowing (!), I needed to find something to keep me warm and after a long search and a lot of thinking, rather than buying something myself I again borrowed a gorgeous wrap from a friend.
Making the dress myself meant I ensured no slave labour was involved, unless you count my mum's frantic help at the end, but it took me ages to find any material and at one point I thought I was going to have to make it out of cotton.
In the end I found Majestic Textiles but I did have to compromise - it turned out to be just organic and not fair trade silk but I figured that was better than nowt!
We used the same silk for the bridesmaids' dresses, which was dyed green and blue by a friend of my mum's. The dresses were then made up by my mum, my old roommate and one of my bridesmaids - I was very lucky to know so many seamstresses!
Making my own dress! Though it did get a little hairy as I was desperately trying to finish it the week before - praise the Lord for mums!
For Tim, being involved in the whole process of getting a tailormade suit.
Considering the ridiculous snow storm we had the night before, it all went swimmingly, with some 300 people attending the ceremony.
Apart from the guitarist from my bro's jazz band getting stuck outside London coz his car broke down (really disappointing especially as we found out my mum was gonna sing us a song!), it all went as planned.
What was really wonderful about the day was how so many of our friends (and family) chipped in with organising (even helping with invites), decorating, baking cakes and serving - it was such a blessing!
Find out where others sourced stuff as it can save hours searching!
Do as much as you can, after that don't beat yourself up, coz unless you have unlimited money and say 2 years to plan meticulously, you probably won't get everything done ethically.
Get friends involved and delegate as much as possible - it makes things less stressful for you and they really value being a part of your big day (unless you're a control freak in which case your friends might end up hating you!).
Be yourselves - add those quirky touches that are just you!
Remember it's about you and your other half, make sure you have date nights throughout the process where there is NO wedding planning talk allowed - don't lose sight of why you're doing all this stuff!
Some more about where we sourced stuff!
My necklace came from People Tree.
My bridesmaids wore some gorgeous silver choker style necklaces from a Peruvian based company Achkiy (but the website is offline at the moment).
Tim's fair trade cufflinks came from Silverchilli, his tie bar came from F.Hinds, a company which has an ethical stance regarding dirty gold and conflict diamonds, though their products aren't fair trade.
Our rings (and my engagement ring) came from an amazing company called CRED, who hail from the town I grew up in.
Our rings were made with fair trade white gold from Colombia and they offer an excellent bespoke service - it's not cheap (what rings are?!) but to know that the rings which will be on our fingers for a lifetime have not caused exploitation, that is priceless.


Once the love of paintball has blossomed into a hobby that obviously isn't going anywhere, it may be time for a serious player to upgrade from an entry-level paintball gun to something with a little more firepower: a mid-level paintball gun. Some mid-level models are electronic and offer faster fire rates, while others are more tactical in nature and are designed with aggressive looks and durability in-mind. Most mid-level paintball guns cost between $300 and $500 and offer a longer list of standard features and increased reliability, durability, accuracy and overall performance than less expensive options.


The humpback whale is a sizable sea mammal weighing in at 40-50 tons, and measuring up to 50 feet in length, however it is not the largest in the marine animal kingdom.
The distinguishing hump on the back of the whale, seen only when the creature surfaces for air and then dives, sets it apart from other marine mammals in the animal kingdom.
Picture of a swimming Humpback Whale and an Iceberg in the background.


This MLB Player's 2-Year-Old Would Rather Dance Than Run The Bases!
Tampa Bay Rays player Logan Morrison's daughter, Ily, isn't even two years old, but she already knows the importance of setting priorities!
I mean prioritizing dancing to your favorite song over anything else, like running the bases.
Ily was almost to home plate in Sunday's postgame opportunity for kids to run the bases when her song came on and forget running because she was going to dance.
Not even her father could persuade her to give it up.


text:
Biden criticizes Ducey's actions on COVID-19 in Arizona, and governor responds with a flurry on Twitter
José Ignacio Castañeda Perez
Arizona Republic
Gov. Doug Ducey responded to a critical comment from former Vice President Joe Biden in a flurry of Twitter posts sent out Friday afternoon. Biden denounced what he characterized as Ducey's slow response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Arizona.
"Just look at what happened in Arizona," Biden said at a Delaware press conference earlier Friday.
"A Republican governor initially tried to bar local governments from implementing mandates on their communities. What happened? In June, Arizona got hit with a surge of cases. Hospitals were flooded, the state health system was overwhelmed."
Ducey responded to the Democratic presidential nominee in a series of posts that aimed to justify his actions in response to the spread of the pandemic in the state.
"Early in the pandemic, I prohibited cities from implementing onerous shutdowns on local businesses and citizens as some local politicians threatened to bring our entire economy to a complete halt," Ducey wrote in one of 16 posts. "It's paid off. Arizona's economy is recovering faster and stronger than states that took the extreme approach."
Ducey went on to write that he "responded swiftly" to calls from Arizona mayors to impose local mask mandates. Similarly, Biden commended cities and counties in the state for imposing local mandates that resulted in a 75% drop in COVID-19 cases, according to a federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention report.
Today, however, Arizona COVID-19 cases are worsening, with the virus spreading at its fastest rate since June. Dr. Cara Christ, Arizona Department of Health Services director, has said that Arizona is in a "pivotal" moment for COVID-19.
Biden was correct about the governor's initial actions, though.
At the start of the pandemic, Ducey issued executive orders that prevented cities from imposing any measures to curtail the spread of the virus, including wearing masks. It was not until mid-June that the governor acknowledged a worrisome upward trend of COVID-19 cases in Arizona and allowed for local jurisdictions to impose mandates on masks.
The shift came after mayors in several Arizona cities announced they would implement such a mandate in defiance of Ducey's earlier orders.
In subsequent posts on Friday, Ducey emphasized Arizona's economy as well as his prioritization of the health and safety of its citizens.
"Our goal from the beginning has been to protect public health and at the same time keep things moving in AZ — schools, universities, businesses," Ducey stated in a tweet. "Our economy is open and our citizens' health and safety is prioritized."
After Arizona's stay-at-home order expired on May 15, the daily average number of COVID-19 cases spiked by 151%, according to the CDC report.
New Cyber Ninjas messages show Trump's influence on 'audit' Gov. Hobbs says she's ready to play hardball, use veto Who will Arizona Democrats pick as their next leader? Advocates welcome Hobbs' plan for migrant transportation
Contact the reporter at joseignacio.castaneda@arizonarepublic.com or connect with him on Twitter @joseicastaneda.