Spartan Motorcycle Couriers provide a same-day, next-day dedicated motorcycle courier service to the UK Healthcare sector including secure collection and delivery of pathological specimens, EBME, sterile equipment for CSSDs, internal mail, and confidential medical records. Motorcycle couriers are advanced motorcycle riders and SIA security licenced.
We also find that customers are often surprised at the real efficiencies and cost-savings that can be achieved by consolidating multiple routes and deliveries. For instance, if an NHS Trust works with a number of different suppliers to deliver internal mail and collection services and external courier services, this would need an extensive degree of co-ordination in order for it to be run successfully. We take care of it all, so your valuable time can be spent on patient care.
NHS Supply Chain - Helping our customer manage stock levels and provide timely replenishments to depots/hospitals/Trusts across its region.
Pathology - At Spartan Motorcycle Couriers, we provide a next day or often a same-day dedicated courier service to the UK Healthcare sector secure collection and delivery of pathological specimens, EBME, sterile equipment for CSS Ds, internal mail, and confidential medical records.
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Transporting blood samples - Is never simple, but our specimen courier service can help prevent delays, financial losses and ensure that results are never compromised. We have over three decades of experience in the healthcare sector, which means that we know all of the challenges and obstacles associated with blood transport and other healthcare transport solutions. Thanks to our experience with the transportation of blood, you can rest assured that our blood courier service will mean that all of your shipments will arrive on time and intact.


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Q: How to continue a stage in jenkins pipeline even if the build fails So I have a pipeline with multiple stages and with each stage there are couple of build job processes.  When I run the pipeline and there is a failure in any one of the builds the stage fails and doesn't build the other builds in the stage.  How can I get around this so it builds the remaining jobs in the stage?

A: you can use the convention
try {
    // your build steps
    } finally {
        // always run...
    }

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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In Business Madison / April 2018 / Unplugged culture: Will employers allow workers to be disconnected?
Subscribe to : Industries Subscribe to : Employment HR
Unplugged culture: Will employers allow workers to be disconnected?
Getting unplugged from work is a luxury not everyone can afford, but in law and in deed, disconnectedness is trending upward.
By Jason Busch
If you feel like you're never really not working, then a newly proposed bill in New York City might have captured your attention.
Introduced on March 22, the proposed "right-to-disconnect" bill comes on the heels of a similar effort implemented in France earlier this year.
At its core, New York's right-to-disconnect bill would ban employers from requiring workers to respond to electronic communication outside of traditional work hours. If passed, the bill would impose fines on companies that violate the rule.
It's a rather drastic measure in the larger effort to provide workers with a better work-life balance, and local HR and leadership coaching experts say it's not only a step too far, it also faces an uphill climb to be effective in the U.S.
Coreyne Woodman-Holoubek, co-founder and chief human resources officer of Contracted Leadership, says she wasn't shocked when France initiated its law, but she was surprised, excited, and then skeptical when New York City so quickly picked up on the right-to-disconnect concept.
"France and the European Union have been, overall, ahead of the curve on people rights laws regarding time away from work, business best practices when it comes to work wellness, and the resulting positive connection with productivity," explains Woodman-Holoubek. France was the among the first countries in Western Europe to institute the less-than-40-hour work week, she notes, and the country has led the European Union in policy for around 20 years in regard to people wellness and rest-from-work periods. On average, the French receive 30 days of paid vacation and 14 weeks of full-pay maternity leave, according to Woodman-Holoubek.
"My enthusiasm for France changed when I learned that the right to disconnect was part of a larger labor reform that reversed the positive momentum that was building for France's working population," says Woodman-Holoubek.
Woodman-Holoubek's skepticism about the New York City proposal comes from the fact that she says the U.S. has not adopted other employee wellness and best practices from Europe in terms of social benefits.
"The U.S. is not competitive with other industrialized countries in terms of taking care of its workers," notes Woodman-Holoubek. "The U.S. is close to last in industrialized nations on provisions of parental and family paid leave, reduced-hour work week, and extended vacation and sick time. I also wonder why, and have not made a connection yet, New York is proposing that the law be applicable to companies with over 10 employees, while the French model proposes the law for companies over 50 employees. A few New Yorkers I spoke to reference that there are a large number of 'Kickstarter businesses' in the state, and that could be the possible reasoning behind the 10 and over requirement."
In addition, says Woodman-Holoubek, the French law requires that businesses must "negotiate with employees and unions and agree on a policy to reduce the intrusions of employers into personal time," but she hasn't seen this wording being used for New York City's proposed bill.
Also included in the New York City proposal is an exemption for government employees. "We assume that's because government employees must be 'on' in case of emergency, for our security and safety," explains Woodman-Holoubek. "However, this has brought criticism for the law — namely that if the government deems it so important for our society, then why are they exempt? Why are they not modeling the way?"
Ultimately, Woodman-Holoubek believes a right-to-disconnect law is counterintuitive to how our society is evolving. "We are relying more and more on technology for our entertainment. Are we actually unplugging at all? Technology offers us flexibility and ease of communication, allowing us more time to focus on other aspects of our interests and talents.
"The social systems of France and the EU are better primed for this labor law because of their 'open spaces' for bargaining," Woodman-Holoubek adds. "Starting this in the U.S. is great in theory, but I wonder if we are not prepared with the [kind of] systems to make the law successful."
Do workers even want it?
The right to disconnect is complex issue, notes Woodman-Holoubek. On the surface it should be basic human right to disconnect from work, she explains, but that looks different for everyone who "works."
"For some, taking a two-hour lunch break and then returning to work leaves the perfect amount of rest to be productive; however, they work a longer day," says Woodman-Holoubek. "For others, they skip lunch to work all the way through and leave early. For me, the inspiration to complete my work comes at different times during the day and the week."
"[Millennial workers] don't want ridged boundaries between work and life but do need support navigating what's most important when, says Laura Gmeinder, founder and president of Laura Gmeinder Coaching & Consulting LLC. "We don't come into this world knowing how to be productive. Many don't have the knowledge or skills to fully and effectively manage their work-life balance. Most employees are stressed in the workplace and at home. Stress is an expression of fear — it comes from a mindset that there isn't enough time and we won't be able to get everything done. Many people don't ask for clarification on projects or for help prioritizing work assignments, and many struggle with perfectionism – and it's getting worse.
"We don't want anyone to know we are having trouble balancing our workload or that we can't figure out for ourselves what should be our top priorities," Gmeinder continues. "What works best for one person may not work the best for others. Businesses are focusing on ways to help employees be more productive and present personally and professionally as an employee benefit. This work-life balance trend will be a competitive advantage for businesses trying to hire and retain employees. It challenges employers to offer more support to employees with their work life balance."
Some industries and professions are more tied to being "on," notes Gmeinder. If you're the social media person and your company gets swept into a Twitter war at midnight, for example, there is a high sense of urgency to respond in real time. "That is the world we live in and those are the consumer expectations. If this is an expectation and shared when someone is being hired, then it's fair. But companies are in the position to recognize and reward these employees when work cuts into their after-hours activities."
Keep the government out of it. That's the last thing we need to happen. Owners and executives need to lead the discussion with their employees as part of company and performance expectations, and be transparent on the need and their decision. The list of regulation and organization policy is far to long, and is primarily focused on the 15 - 20% who push back on anything. Let's focus on the people who are thriving and growing in our culture, who represent the majority.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Report on Business Oil sands costs drop sharply as industry growth slows
Oil sands costs drop sharply as industry growth slows
Shawn McCarthy Global Energy reporter
The cost of building and operating oil sands projects has fallen dramatically since the high-water mark of 2014, and the sector is ripe for growth if export constraints can be solved, a leading consulting firm says.
The cost to construct a new oil sands plant has fallen 25 per cent to 33 per cent, while operating costs have fallen by as much as 40 per cent, London-based IHS Markit Ltd. said in a report Wednesday.
The report, prepared by Calgary-based analyst Kevin Birn, forecasts that the oil sands sector will add another one million barrels a day of production by 2030 to the more than three million it produces today. However, the growth rate will be slower than in the booming decade between 2009 and 2018 and remains at risk due to uncertainties around export capacity, he said.
"Oil sands economics have improved dramatically over a very short period," Mr. Birn wrote. "Still ongoing [export] constraints continue to weigh on timing of future investments and the investment and the growth outlook continues to moderate. … There is upside potential, but the key will be the ability of government and industry to restore confidence that Canadian crude will get to market, whether by pipe or rail."
Costs in other oil-producing regions – from offshore to the shale oil fields of the United States – have also declined, and oil sands capital costs remain near the high end of the range, especially for new mines or in situ projects that use steam to extract crude from underground. The lower-cost production – the expansion of steam-assisted projects – would require a US$45-a-barrel price for West Texas intermediate to break even with a commercial rate of return, down from US$65 in 2014. A new mine in 2014 required a break-even price of almost US$100 for WTI, though that threshold fell to US$65 in 2018.
The IHS Markit benchmark assumes Canadian heavy oil is traded at a normal discount, based on quality and transportation, of US$12 a barrel less than WTI. The differential widened to as much as US$50 last fall as growing production and insufficient export capacity meant producers could not get their crude to market, which caused a glut of inventories in Alberta.
Mr. Birn's report is in line with a forecast by the Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers last June that saw oil sands production rising by 1.5 million barrels a day by 2035. CAPP also warned that insufficient pipeline capacity would put that forecast at risk.
The IHS Markit growth forecast suggests there will be a need for all three of the pipeline projects currently being stalled or delayed by regulators or courts in the United States and Canada. They include TransCanada Corp.'s Keystone XL, Enbridge Inc.'s expansion of its main pipeline to the U.S. Midwest and the Trans Mountain expansion project, which would have to be reapproved by Ottawa after the federal Court of Appeal quashed a permit last August.
CAPP president Tim McMillan said companies have managed to lower their costs across the board, including in the oil sands. Some of those savings came from innovation and new technologies, but some were the result of the downturn in the industry, which has not fully rebounded since the global price collapse of 2014.
"A lot of cost savings we've seen came as companies shelved projects and laid off development teams and from the substantial layoffs across the economy and across the country, Mr. McMillan said in an interview Wednesday. "It's not healthy in one sense, but it is the reality of a lot of investment leaving Canada."
B.C. takes Alberta to court over law to restrict oil supplies to the province
Collapse of Trident Exploration threatens to more than double orphan wells in Alberta Subscriber content
Dutch court says widows of executed Nigerian activists can continue case against Shell
Follow Shawn McCarthy on Twitter @smccarthy55


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Philip Turner Book Productions
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Encountering an Eddie Ellis Tribute to New York City in NYC
July 15, 2019 /0 Comments/in Book Biz, Personal History, Family, Friends, Education, Travels /by Philip Turner
I was delighted to bump in to this quotation from my longtime author Edward Robb Ellis on a digital kiosk on Broadway the other night. All my blog posts about Eddie Ellis are collected here on this site.
http://philipsturner.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/GGB_Logo.png 0 0 Philip Turner http://philipsturner.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/GGB_Logo.png Philip Turner2019-07-15 22:59:152019-07-15 23:01:45Encountering an Eddie Ellis Tribute to New York City in NYC
Remembering "Ball Four" & Jim Bouton—RIP
July 15, 2019 /0 Comments/in Book Biz /by Philip Turner
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RIP for Sam Schulman, the Last US Sailor from the Exodus 1947
July 11, 2019 /0 Comments/in News, Politics, History & Media, Philip Turner's Books & Writing /by Philip Turner
My longtime author, humanitarian and photojournalist Ruth Gruber (1911-2016) has been gone a few years, but I still have a Google an alert for her name. I was glad via the alert to get a heads-up about the passing of Sam Schulman, the last surviving US crewman to have sailed on the ship Exodus 1947, the fate of whose human cargo Ruth chronicled for American and international newspapers in the fateful summer of 1947. The obit I first linked to on Facebook, and again here was written by his son Mark Schulman.
Here's a moving video with Mr Schulman:
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"The Mueller Report," a Published Book Now Landing in Bookstores
April 26, 2019 /0 Comments/in Book Biz, Books & Writing /by Philip Turner
A fascinating report by PW's editor Jim Milliot from booksellers in the field on the editions of The Mueller Report now coming out. Scribner, Melville House, and Skyhorse had each announced print/ebook versions during the many months leading up to the report's intensely anticipated release. Because they were only finally able to get their hands on the manuscript last Thursday—when corrupt Attorney General Barr finally deigned to let it be published—it's been very challenging for them to get the book in to stores. Of the three I've only seen Scribner's in a store so far. I found it it in a B&N yesterday, a big fat trade paperback printed on not-great paper with a white cover. I intend to buy the one coming from Melville House, which according to the article should be in stores Monday. It will be close to a mass-market size paperback. I've been following a multi-day thread live-tweeting the design, typesetting, and production of the Melville House edition by co-publisher Dennis Johnson (a great follow on Twitter, @mobylives), which he began writing last week as he and colleagues received the text in PDF and embarked on making it in to their distinctive rendition of of this vital document, an imperative book, indeed.
Publishing the Mueller Report, cont.: Design is a point worth lingering on. There will be multiple editions of this public domain doc by publishers who look at it & see nothing but $$ — esp if they get it out fast. They won't spend a moment on design or layout …
— Dennis Johnson (@MobyLives) April 22, 2019
Crashing Mueller, cont.: We nailed it. Beautifully designed, easily searchable. much more readable typefaces and layout. This is going to be the ebook version of the Mueller Report to beat. It took us longer than the other publishers, but readers will say it was worth the wait. pic.twitter.com/KSU19tyEPY
The Skyhorse edition may have begun landing in stores, but I haven't seen it yet. That edition displays a questionable choice for Introducer: the odious Alan Dershowitz, frequent Trump partisan and FOX News regular. An ill-advised choice when you consider that FOX News viewers, even ones fervently appreciative of Dershowitz's rhetorical support of the dangerous prez are not apt to buy a copy of The Mueller Report at all. They tell themselves and each other that the Trump-Russia connections are all made up anyway. Those FOX people would buy a report on Hillary Clinton, but that's definitely not what we have here.
OTOH, the great majority of people buying the Mueller Report in book form are going to be critics of Trump who've been following #TrumpRussia avidly for more than two years; folks who detest Trump and want to see the end of his presidency will be apt to want either the Scribner edition, with commentary by Post reporters, or an edition that has nothing but the text of Mueller's report, intelligently designed and typeset for an optimal reading experience, the Melville House edition. Why would they want to buy an edition with Dershowitz's questionable gloss on it—a very-likely-to-be-tendentious view of events apt to let Trump off the hook despite his egregious misdeeds and transgressions? Indeed, there's a funny line in the penultimate graf of Milliot's story:
James Fugate, co-owner of Eso Wan Books in Los Angeles, also believes the report will sell very well. "There is huge demand for this book, and I have at least 10 preorders for this," he said. "We ordered 50 each of the Scribner edition and the Melville House. I won't touch the Skyhorse edition with the Dershowitz introduction."
http://philipsturner.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Screen-Shot-2019-04-26-at-2.55.39-PM.png 601 649 Philip Turner http://philipsturner.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/GGB_Logo.png Philip Turner2019-04-26 15:00:372019-04-26 15:25:35"The Mueller Report," a Published Book Now Landing in Bookstores
Bonnard at the Tate in London
April 9, 2019 /0 Comments/in Art, Film, TV, Photography, Fine Printing & Design, Personal History, Family, Friends, Education, Travels /by Philip Turner
So many superb #Bonnard paintings in the revelatory @Tate exhibit of his work. They range from luminous pictures seen through open windows to many sensuous nudes. #LondonMuseums #art #painting #color
A post shared by Philip Turner (@pstnyc) on Mar 25, 2019 at 3:03pm PDT
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Spring Arriving in My London Nabe
March 26, 2019 /0 Comments/in Art, Photography, Design, Personal History, Family, Friends, Education, Travels /by Philip Turner
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Visiting Britain, Feb 19-April 1—Books, Brexit, and Beyond
February 17, 2019 /0 Comments/in Art, Photography, Design, Personal History, Family, Friends, Education, Travels, Philip Turner Book Productions, Publishing & Bookselling /by Philip Turner
As I recently posted on Facebook, I'm excited that my wife, Kyle Gallup, a painter, has been invited to do an artist's residency in London for the month of March. The sponsor is the long-established British paint company Winsor & Newton. They've selected a British painter, and an American, Kyle, and are providing them with art materials and studios in the same building as where their paint chemists work. They want the two sides, chemists and artists, to interact with each other, and thus improve the formulation of their new line of cadmium-free watercolors. A lovely idea, really.
I am taking the opportunity to travel with Kyle, which will also allow me to attend the London Book Fair March 12-14, for which I've made appointments to meet with British publishers and literary agents. We are flying to Scotland tomorrow where we'll visit friends for a few days, then begin journeying through the North of England till we reach London on March 1. I plan to write for this blog and in my social networks about being in Britain as Brexit looms. My reading material will include Underland: A Deep Time Journey by a favorite British author Robert Macfarlane, being published in the US in June by W.W. Norton. I've loved earlier books by Macfarlane, including The Old Ways: A Journey on Foot and Mountains of the Mind: A History of a Fascination. I'm confident that reading Underland while touring Britain and staying a month in London will be a tonic regardless of the news in the UK and from the US.
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"Shattered Minds: How the Pentagon Fails Our Troops with Faulty Helmets," Publishing March 1
January 15, 2019 /0 Comments/in Book Biz, Philip Turner Book Productions /by Philip Turner
I'm excited that Shattered Minds: How the Pentagon Fails Our Troops with Faulty Helmets will be published by Potomac Books on March 1, 2019. In 2016, I wrote about research in to new materials that could improve the safety features of military helmets. And as I explained in a 2018 blog post, I originally commissioned the book in 2008 when I was acquiring new titles for Union Square Press. After I left that job, the contract was canceled, and almost a decade later I ended up as the agent for the book, placing it with Potomac Books last year. A circuitous path, indeed. Below are the superb pre-publication blurbs the book by Robert H. Baumann and Dina Rasor has received. I'm delighted to see this early reception for the book.
Advance Praise for SHATTERED MINDS:
How the Pentagon Fails Our Troops with Faulty Helmets
"No one is better than Dina Rasor and Bob Bauman in connecting the intricacies of the Pentagon's politics of budget-and-bureaucracy with real world consequences for the men and women who wear United States uniforms and fight the nation's wars. Their latest project gives the startling details of how the bureaucracy has failed in providing that most basic part of a soldier's protective gear, the helmet. Dina's and Bob's previous work has been highly influential, and this should be too."—James Fallows, National Correspondent, Atlantic Magazine
"Dina Rasor and Robert Bauman are some of the most experienced and tenacious advocates in America. Year after year, Dina and Bob have been sounding the alarm and demanding accountability on behalf of our troops and veterans. They have changed policies and helped save lives. And they always have our back. Dina's and Bob's critical voices must be heard—now more than ever."—Paul Rieckhoff, CEO and founder of Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans of America and author of Chasing Ghosts
"Robert Bauman's and Dina Rasor's richly detailed account of how military bureaucrats and greedy contractors have callously risked the lives and health of soldiers and marines for the sake of their own selfish interests is both riveting and horrifying. We are used to learning about multi-billion dollar defense procurement scandals, but that our military leadership could not, or would not, provide troops on the front lines with something as basic as an effective helmet is truly shocking. Shattered Minds should be required reading for congress, press, and concerned citizens everywhere."—Andrew Cockburn, Washington Editor, Harpers Magazine
"Rasor and Bauman weave together the gripping stories of individuals who were all determined to provide a helmet that would better protect our troops from traumatic brain injury. If you really want to 'Support the troops,' read this book."—Danielle Brian, Executive Director, Project on Government Oversight (POGO)
"You go to war with the helmet you have, not the one you wish you had. With apologies to Don Rumsfeld, that is the sad tale Robert Bauman and Dina Rasor tell in Shattered Minds. It's the infuriating story of how a sclerotic U.S. military bureaucracy has failed to protect young troops from traumatic brain injury after they answered their nation's call in the wake of 9/11. For anyone who has ever worn a U.S. military helmet, or loved someone who has, this book will hurt your head. For the rest of us, it's a traumatic heart injury."—Mark Thompson, former Time Magazine reporter
http://philipsturner.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Shattered-Minds-cover.png 346 232 Philip Turner http://philipsturner.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/GGB_Logo.png Philip Turner2019-01-15 15:54:182019-01-15 15:57:38"Shattered Minds: How the Pentagon Fails Our Troops with Faulty Helmets," Publishing March 1
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Philip Turner
Publishing Consultant, Curator & Writer at The Great Gray Bridge & Honourary CanadianCurator, writer, editor, blogger—amplifying my enthusiasms for many audiences.
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Being a Good New York Neighbor
Encountering an Eddie Ellis Tribute to New York City in NYC July 15, 2019
Remembering "Ball Four" & Jim Bouton—RIP July 15, 2019
RIP for Sam Schulman, the Last US Sailor from the Exodus 1947 July 11, 2019
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Coffre Dépannage is a company specialized in safe deposits and security products. In order to be more transparent and get more visibility on Internet, Coffre Dépannage made a virtual tour of its agency located in Versoix, Switzerland. When 3/4 of people research information on Google before buying in a shop, having a good rank on Google Research is essential.
As Coffre Dépannage, allow your customers to visit virtually your establishment and book now your Google Business Photo session. By the way, increase your rankings in the Google services and get a real virtual visit card!


Located in Mid-town East, this elevator building is ideally located for anyone working in the midtown area, most of which sits within walking distance. For those wanting to venture out to explore other areas in NYC, 3 subway lines, the E, M and 6 are located directly across the street and will take you to directly to nearly every part of the city you may wish. The building is well maintained with a full time super.


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Paintings on canvas
Paintings on wood
MIA GJERDRUM HELGESEN
Mia Gjerdrum Helgesen (f. 1971) have degrees from Oslo National Academy of the Arts ( SHKS) , Westerdals of Commercial art Oslo and the Academy of Art, Academy of Art San Francisco. In 2018, she was awarded residency at Mana Contemporary in NYC. The artist works with painting on canvas and wood, graphics (lithography, monotopy and woodcuts), textiles and sculpture. Graphic has a great place in her artistry.
The art can be described as the resonance of the very moment or emotion that describes the theme. The artist works specifically with the experience of the moment and the feeling a state of mind gives you. She wants the experience of the abstract / semi-abstract works to be a journey through layers of experiences that give a feeling and echoing one can carry with them.
The book by Lars EltonView CV
Gjerdrum Helgesens's floating abstractions in her works reflects the human sense of undefined existence often seek the path of their own identity. Isolated from his ego and influenced, veiled and absorbed by the demands of society in contrast to the inner life of the mind. She works in many layers of paintings over time. Each process includes building the structure and design that will slip through the senses and the feelings that captures the emotion and the moment.
These original woodwork paintings are inspired by a new innovation of the traditional woodcut printmaking process that I have fallen in love with. This is the woodcut printing process most known in Norway as the innovation by Munch. Her works are original paintings made out of wood plates and are created by spending hours carving and painting layers on layers. These works are her way of honoring and taking the tradition further by creating my own innovation, the contemporary wood relief painting, which is inspired by the Norwegian nature, heritage, and the old woodcut tradition.
"These works are my way of honoring and taking the tradition further by creating my own innovation, the contemporary woodrelief painting, which is inspired by the Norwegian nature, heritage, and the old woodcut tradition"
© 2023 Mia Gjerdrum Helgesen


ACS Communities allow you to tap into the College's collective knowledge anytime, anywhere, and on any device.
"Our goal is to develop a course that will include both didactic and hands-on technical skills that will serve as the basis for predeployment preparation. If a surgeon being deployed cannot pass a certain skills station or fails a portion of the written exam, we will have the ability to provide the needed education," Dr. Knudson said.
steps are taken to preserve it. The Systems Committee of the ACS Committee on Trauma is scheduled to perform a formal review of the JTS DoE in order to assist in the identification of the elements necessary to sustain the JTS DoE between military conflicts.


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DCappella brings Disney songbook hits to stage
BY GIA MAZUR, STAFF WRITER / Published: February 7, 2019
When R.J. Woessner takes the stage in Wilkes-Barre, it won't be the first time his career brought him to Northeast Pennsylvania.
The singer, actor and voice-over actor originally from Indianapolis first traveled to Plains Twp. to appear in a commercial for Mohegan Sun Pocono several years ago. Now a member of Walt Disney Records' seven-person a cappella group, DCappella, Woessner was happy to see a familiar stop on the group's North American tour.
"I got to spend a couple days (in NEPA). It's a beautiful area," Woessner said during a recent phone interview. "It will be great to be back there doing something a little different."
Woessner, Sojourner Brown, Orlando Dixon, Antonio Fernandez, Morgan Keene, Shelley Regner and Joe Santoni make up DCappella, a super-group of a cappella performers who sing reimagined classics from the Disney songbook and more. DCapella will perform Wednesday, Feb. 13, at F.M. Kirby Center for the Performing Arts, 71 Public Square, Wilkes-Barre. Doors open at 5:30 p.m., and the show starts at 7.
Woessner described the show as a theatrical concert experience, with skits, dancing, LED screens and a full light show that creates a special night for the audience. While the songs include Disney classics, DCappella performs the music in new arrangements across various genres, including R&B, jazz, rock, pop and electronic.
"The people will get to know all of us individually and our personalties throughout the show," Woessner said. "You're not going to a karaoke night. You're going to a night of nostalgia. ... It's a very interactive experience, and there's so much versatility. It's really special to be in a show like that."
On his road to DCappella, Woessner encountered a few signs that the group was in his future. They included time performing with Berklee College of Music's a cappella group, Pitch Slapped, which appeared on the TV competition show "The Sing-Off," and work as a vocalist with Disney orchestral tours. When he got word of auditions for DCapella, he knew it was for him.
Woessner and his fellow singers all come from different parts of show business. Regner appeared in the "Pitch Perfect" films, Keene played Katherine in the "Newsies" national tour, and Dixon was a finalist on NBC's singing competition show, "The Voice."
"You have to have versatility, and you have to be an amazing showman, but you also have to have such an understanding of music," Woessner said. "The show is difficult, and each one of us brings something different to it. You can expect a Broadway-caliber show."
Fans also should hear some of their favorite Disney songs, such as "I Wan'na Be Like You" from "The Jungle Book" and one of Woessner's favorites, "You'll Be in My Heart," the Phil Collins-penned song from "Tarzan." Younger fans won't be disappointed, either, as DCappella performs newer Disney hits, including "Remember Me" from "Coco" and songs from "Frozen."
Woessner stressed the show is for all ages, and making connections with people in the crowd through beloved Disney music is what means the most to the members of DCappella.
"When you see a little girl's face light up during 'Frozen' ... or when you see a dad and he's just like, 'Wow,' and totally blown away, that's indescribable," he said. "I hope they (leave) feeling inspired and feeling joy and feeling like we allowed them to escape for two hours."
gmazur@timesshamrock.com; 570-348-9127;
@gmazurTT on Twitter
What: DCappella
When: Wednesday, Feb. 13, 7 p.m.; doors open at 5:30
Where: F.M. Kirby Center for the Performing Arts, 71 Public Square, Wilkes-Barre
Details: Tickets cost $25 to $59.50 plus fees for general admission and $129 plus fees for VIP seats with a meet-and-greet. For tickets, visit kirbycenter.org or the box office or call 570-826-1100. VIP meet-
and-greet packages also can be purchased at cidentertainment.com/events/dcappella-tour.


text:
Posted on October 2, 2018 by Jeff Gluck
12 Questions with Justin Haley (2018)
https://media.blubrry.com/the_untitled_jeff_gluck/p/content.blubrry.com/the_untitled_jeff_gluck/12_Questions_Justin_Haley.mp3
(Photo by Sean Gardner/Getty Images)
The 12 Questions series of interviews continues this week with Truck Series driver Justin Haley of GMS Racing. Haley won the Truck playoffs opener in Canada last month and is locked into the second round of the playoffs. This interview was recorded as a podcast but is also transcribed below for those who prefer to read.
I actually had a dream about racing last night, which is pretty rare, I'd say. I don't dream about racing too much. I'm a pretty heavy sleeper. But last night I dreamt we won Vegas, so by the time this comes out, I'm sure that's going to be true or false. (Note: He finished third.) It was a two-in-a-row deal after (winning in Canada), so that was kind of cool.
I think there's a certain level of respect. Normally if it's not too big of a deal, I just let my spotter know and my spotter relays it. Especially if we're early in the race, you don't want someone hot at you. But if you go out there and get into someone, there's going to have to be some kind of communication the next week.
I'd say it's that I'm a hard worker and dedicated to what I do. I've put my all into it since I was a little kid. If I just keep working hard and putting everything into it even if it doesn't work out, it'd probably be the biggest compliment.
4. NASCAR comes to you and says they're bringing a celebrity to the track and they want you to host them. Who is a celebrity you'd be excited to host?
Man, I don't even know. Kaz Grala? He's a celebrity, right? (Laughs)
There's some vloggers — I'm pretty big into vlogging. Like Casey Neistat or Roman Atwood. They're pretty cool. I know Roman did a race awhile ago with Ty (Dillon).
I'm not really into the whole scene of music and TV. I don't watch TV too much, unless there's a hurricane coming.
I always tell everyone if I wasn't racing and didn't have to be on social media, I wouldn't have any platforms. I like doing my own thing and bouncing off my family and friends.
Do you have to limit yourself on social media then?
I think you have to, to a certain point. I've been putting up some Instagram Stories and live videos with Kaz. He's my best friend. He has a fan base and I have a fan base, so we like to connect them. I do spend quite a bit of time on Instagram — I usually do a post a day to try to engage fans and get my viewership up or whatnot. My tweets are kind of hit or miss. I don't have a personal Facebook or Instagram, just for racing.
5. In an effort to show this is a health-conscious sport, NASCAR decides to offer the pole for an upcoming race to the first driver willing to go vegan for one month. Would you do it?
Oh, for sure. I've gone vegan just to go vegan.
Are you a healthy eater?
Yeah. I think my PR girl and my manager and everyone in my family, they get pretty hot-headed (about his eating habits). I am a very healthy eater. I haven't had a slice of pizza in a few years. Haven't had a soda in a few years. Any snacks. Every meal for the past two and a half years has been pre-calculated.
It gets hard while racing, but you just have to make smart decisions. I am probably one of the healthiest eaters in the whole garage area — I'd say I probably beat Jimmie Johnson, because I never treat myself. It's just kind of a lifestyle. I used to eat nachos every day and whatnot. I just found a groove and I like healthy eating. I feel better and I feel like it really affects my performance.
Can you give me a quick tip? I really struggle to eat healthy on the road.
I don't even know if it's healthy foods, but it's making sure you put the right foods in your body. If I go out to eat at a dinner — like last night, I did with my team — I eat steak and mashed potatoes. That's not bad. It's got good carbs; I'm racing tomorrow, so that's going to be good. It's got protein in it.
I'm not going to eat a cheeseburger. I haven't had french fries in years. It's hard to do. Growing up, my parents always wanted me to eat healthy, but I never could until I got something in the back of my head that just wanted myself to do it. It's more of a want in your head. It's just a will.
6. It's time for the Random Race Challenge. I've picked a random race from your career and you have to tell me where you finished. This is the 2015 Watkins Glen K&N East race. Do you remember this race at all?
I do. I remember it clear as day. Dalton Sargeant was in it and William Byron. I ran third, I'm pretty sure — maybe fourth. Scott Heckert won — he was my teammate — and Dalton Sergeant passed me on the last lap for second.
Wow, that's impressive. You did indeed finish third. You started fourth and led 12 laps.
I did lead? That's kind of impressive, I didn't remember that. But I was pretty salty. Even Sargeant, when he was my teammate this year, we'd always go back to that race.
I mean, there's probably not too many races I couldn't remember. Do people usually struggle?
It's kind of 50-50. Some drivers can't really remember and others can remember clear as day like you did.
I remember he shoved in my right-rear fender going into Turn 1 on the last lap. Then I hit him on the exit of the corner, and he had his tail cone flying after we got out of the carousel — his whole rear bumper flew off and hit my windshield.
Here we go back to the questions about musicians and whatnot. (Smiles) I don't even know who rappers are these days. I've got no idea, to be completely honest with you.
8. Who has the most punchable face in NASCAR? Two people have said you for an answer this year. Noah Gragson said you and was serious about it, and then Kaz Grala said you, but he was kidding.
I'm not really sure who has the most punchable face in NASCAR. Kaz said me to be playful, and he actually called me up right after and was like, "Man, I said you!"
I don't believe in violence. I like racing and beating people on the track, but I don't ever find myself just going straight up and punching someone. It's not really my style. I'd rather go talk to someone and have a conversation and become buds or something.
Is there still any bad blood with Gragson?
I'm good. Obviously Noah is a very aggressive racer and he likes to win as much as the next guy. I'm cool with Noah. I'm about cool with anyone in the pits. We race each other 20 weekends a year and you have to see them that much, and you just can't have any bad blood with anyone. Life's too short to do that. I'm good with everyone. I might be a little hot-headed after a race because we put so much into it, but at the end of the day, life is too short to hold grudges.
9. NASCAR enlists three famous Americans to be involved with your team for one race as part of a publicity push: Taylor Swift, LeBron James and Tom Hanks.
Well I think Taylor is definitely my motorhome driver. That's a no-brainer. (Laughs) And I think we all know the reason why.
I think Tom Hanks would definitely be my crew chief. And then LeBron would be on top of his game (as a spotter). He's taller than everyone, so we'd never have trouble looking over anyone to see. I don't think I'd be a good spotter, because I'm so short that I couldn't see.
Those are my three picks. I feel like I nailed that one. (Smiles)
You hydrate yourself so much that you always have to pee, until you get far enough into the race that you sweat it all out and don't have to pee anymore. Usually I use a nicer restroom — if that's the media center or whatnot — before I go to driver introductions. Then on the ridearounds in the trucks, you have to go again, so you just have to hit a port-o-potty because it's the closest thing. Then you're missing the national anthem and you have to run out. I think it's whatever is easily accessible.
11. NASCAR decides they would like the highlight reel value brought by the former Carl Edwards backflips and want their own version. How much money would they have to offer for you to backflip off your truck following your next win?
I can do a front flip all day long, but I didn't know how to do a backflip. We were on the boat one day — it was me, Kaz and some friends. I'm like, "I'm going to do a backflip." Kaz was like, "Whatever." So I did a backflip and ever since, I've totally sucked. I cannot do a backflip. I've tried it from five feet up and I still can't complete the full rotation. So if you ask Kaz, it's unbelievable.
No. It'd be enough money to have neck surgery. I'd really have to up my insurance rate. I know (Daniel) Hemric can do it and hasn't gotten to do one (after a race) in a long time. I'm good friends with Hemric, so I'd like to see him do it.
12. Each week, I ask a driver to give me a question for the next interview. Last week was Clint Bowyer, and it was kind of a weird question.
Does he even know who I am?
It seemed like it, because he said, "I don't have anything in common with those young guys. I don't play Fortnite or anything like that."
I don't play Fortnite either.
Anyway, his question was like, "How does it feel to get beat by a guy like me who is so crazy?" But you don't race with him.
I like Clint. He's pretty down to earth. He's a cool guy. Look at his playoff emoji. It's a trucker. How much more down to earth can you be?
The next interview I'm doing is with Timmy Hill. Do you have a question I can ask him?
(Looks up Timmy Hill's Twitter profile and sees a picture of mustache he grew for Darlington throwback week) As a 19-year-old driver who can't grow facial hair, ask him how long it took him to grow that. Honestly, I'm kind of jealous.
Categories12 Questions Tags12 Questions, gms racing, justin haley, truck series
One Reply to "12 Questions with Justin Haley (2018)"
Wow, vegan ????????. And I would say Justin is too little to be punching anybody in the face.
Babies sleep a lot harder or deeper than you think.
Apparently I'm going backwards on the podcasts.
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Home Technical Analysis Where Is the Bottom for Ethereum ?
Ethereum [ETH] technical analysis on 12th September 2018. Selling pressure in Ether is stronger than ever. Many signs point to further bearish movement.
Previous articleBittrex Launches Its International Division to Manage Businesses Outside the U.S.


I have a soft spot for Kid President. Here he is singing about some Awesome Girls (and Women). Enjoy!
Categories: Other Thoughts | Tags: girls, Kid President, Women | Permalink.
Okay, I confess, this is something completely different for me. If you've never heard Babymetal before (and until recently I hadn't) you might want to turn down your speakers before you click play. The term "metal" in their name isn't a joke, they're metal, but not like any metal music you've heard before.
Here's where they differ: they're fronted by three adorable, high energy Japanese teen girls. These girls sing, and move, at an astonishing pace. And did I mention that they're adorable? Pigtails, tu-tu's, hair ribbons… the works.
There's something compelling about Babymetal. I think it's the contrast between the girls' perceived innocence and the raw and almost frightening nature of the metal music. Certainly the band's costumes add to that dangerous feeling. The intriguing part is that the girls are clearly "in" on whatever ominous deeds the rest of the band may be conjuring up. They are clearly not victims, in spite of their apparent vulnerability.
I find the whole experience of watching and listening to them engaging, and frankly, I tend to nod my head along to the music. The more I see and listen to them, the more I enjoy what they have to offer. I'd love your impressions of this creative group.
Categories: Other Thoughts | Tags: Babymetal, Japanese, music | Permalink.
And One More Milestone Has Been Reached!
Hooray for High School Graduation!
It's official, my son is a high school graduate. I knew it would happen, after all, he's a smart boy with a good head on his shoulders. He would have had to really try hard NOT to graduate. Still, it's a milestone, and one that we celebrated.
I'm so proud of that kid, I could burst.
I promise, life will return to something of a normal pace soon, and then I'll tell you all the goings on in my life. For now, I'll leave you with thoughts of leftover graduation cake (with copious amounts of blue icing flowers) and boxes of unsent graduation announcements, but that's a tale for another day.


text:
\section{Introduction \label{sec:intro}}

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a self-configuring network of mobile devices making direct wireless links with each other rather than a central router; the topology of the network evolves with time as links are continually being made and broken. This network has various advantages over networks which have a fixed topology or a centralized structure including scalability (can continue to add more nodes), flexibility (can create temporary ad hoc networks anytime anywhere) and continuous reconfiguration which can enable the network to resolve any problems itself \cite{helen2014applications}. Such applications of these networks include environmental monitoring \cite{chong2003sensor}, disaster relief \cite{khan2012wireless} and military communications \cite{helen2014applications}.

With the next generation of wireless communication (5G) in mind and as the number of personal devices such as mobile phones and tablets with access to the Internet continues to soar there has been a lot of work into the performance of MANETs. One of the first papers to highlight the potential advantages of an ad hoc network was by Grossgauler and Tse \cite{grossglauser2001mobility} who showed that by exploiting a network's mobility the increased throughput increases linearly, although this did not take into account the delay of the packets. As such this self configuring arrangement is seen to be a desirable feature for future mobile phone networks but would need to preserve coverage where mobile devices could disconnect and reconnect independent of location \cite{stanoevska2003impact}.

The aim of this paper is to look at modeling MANETs using the stochastic Random Waypoint Mobility Model (RWPM), which was proposed as one of the simplest models of MANETs mobility patterns \cite{camp2002survey}.
This simplicity translates to mathematical tractability, and therefore has led to it being studied extensively in the literature as to model mobility in wireless networks \cite{gong2014interference,bettstetter2002spatial, hyytia2006spatial, kalogridis2009connection, singh2011comparative,kumar2011simulation}, and more recently in robotics \cite{rubenstein2012kilobot, ducatelle2014cooperative, kudelski2013robonetsim}.

The stationary distribution of RWPM allows us to more effectively model a MANETs performance  using the metrics of connection probability and mean network degree.
Namely, we build upon previous work from Bettstetter and Hytti\"{a}, Lassila and Virtamo \cite{bettstetter2002spatial, hyytia2006spatial} where both considered the RWPM and investigated the probability of full connectivity on the unit disk, but give little indication as to the impact of interference would have on their results.
This further motivates our present work where we focus on the interference field, and exemplify its dependence to the domain geometry \cite{haenggi2009stochastic}, \cite{banani2015analyzing}. Significantly, we contrast how the said MANET performance metrics vary for an inhomogeneous distribution of mobile nodes compared with the homogeneous case \cite{georgiou2015location}.
Furthermore, we extend the interference models with inhomogeneous node distributions to domains other than circles \cite{srinivasa2007modeling}, \cite{dettmann2014more}. Employing tools from stochastic geometry, our analytical findings suggest that regions of high node density suffer from an intensified interference field thus hindering connectivity and coverage.
Under the RWPM, such regions are typically found away from the domain borders, i.e. near the domain centre therefore strengthening the case for location aware MAC and routing protocols.

The main contributions of this paper are:
\begin{enumerate}
\item{We give an exact expression for the probability density function for the Random Waypoint Mobility model in a rectangle, and use the result to analyse the performance of the network.}
\item{We give an expression for the interference in a network for a non-homogeneous density, and derive an analytic formula for the case where the receiving node is positioned at the centre of a circular domain. }
\item{We give an explicit expression for the mean degree of the network in the signal-to-noise regime and analyse it by comparing it with numerical calculations for the signal-to-interference-plus-noise regime.}
\end{enumerate}

The remainder of the paper is structured as follows:
Sec. \ref{sec:RWPM} defines the Random Waypoint Mobility Model (RWPM) and gives an explicit expression for the probability density function (pdf) in a rectangular domain.
Sec. \ref{sec:Connectivity Analysis} defines the connectivity metric of interest and calculates the connection probability under the RWPM for different domain shapes and interference limits.
Sec. \ref{sec:mean_degree} utilises the expressions obtained for the connection probability to investigate the spatial density of successful transmissions.
Sec. \ref{sec:Conclusion} provides concluding remarks  and discusses potential areas of future work.

\section{Random Waypoint Mobility Model \label{sec:RWPM}}

\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=0.3, trim = {10 20 0 0 }, clip]{Fig1_set_up.png}
\caption{\textit{Top}: A random realisation of the RWPM where a node on the domain $\mathcal{V}$ has travelled from its initial point $P_1$ to $P_2$, and then $P_3$, where it has chosen its next waypoint $P_4$ from a uniform distribution.
\textit{Bottom}: A representation showing how $a_1$ and $a_2$ are defined (see eq \eqref{eq:l}), along with the angle $\phi$  at apoint $\boldsymbol{r}$ within $\mathcal{V}$.}
\label{fig:fig1}
\end{figure}

\subsection{RWPM definition}
The RWPM assumes $N$ nodes randomly distributed inside a convex domain $\mathcal{V}\subseteq \mathbb{R}^2$ of area $V$ using a Binomial Point Process (BPP) of density $\rho=N/V$.
At any given instance the node locations are given by $\boldsymbol{r}_i \in\mathcal{V}$ for $i=1,\ldots N$.
Each node moves independently from the other $N-1$ nodes so we can explain the process just by considering a single node (refer to Fig.~\ref{fig:fig1}).
A node located at $P_1$ chooses a random waypoint $P_2$ uniformly inside $\mathcal{V}$ and travels to it in a straight line at a constant speed.
The speed is chosen from a uniform distribution of speeds $[v_{min}, v_{max}]$ where $ 0 < v_{min} \le k v_{min} = v_{max}$.
This results in a sequence of waypoints defined as $\{P_1,P_2, \ldots\}$ and legs $\{L_{1}, L_2,\ldots \}$ which completely characterise the paths taken by a node.
At each waypoint the node may pause for a ``think time" drawn from yet another uniform distribution $[0,T_{max}]$.
The RWPM reduces to a random walk model if the think time is zero.

\subsection{Spatial distribution of nodes under the RWPM}

\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=0.23]{Fig2_set_up_approx_minus_exact.png}
\caption{\textit{Top}: The $8$ elementary segments of the rectangular domain in which $f_{\boldsymbol{X},m}(\boldsymbol{r})$ is symmetrically identical.
\textit{Bottom}: The difference between the approximate distribution \eqref{eq:approx_pdf} and the exact one which follows from \eqref{eq:f1}.}
\label{fig:fig2}
\end{figure}

Defining $\wp_p\in[0,1]$ to denote the probability that a node is thinking (i.e. is not moving) we have that the RWPM nodes remain static if $\wp_p=1$, in which case the spatial distribution of nodes in $\mathcal{V}$ is uniform by definition.
This enables us to express the spatial distribution of nodes under the RWPM as a combination of mobile and static nodes probability density functions $f_{\boldsymbol{X},m}(\boldsymbol{r})$ and $f_{\boldsymbol{X},p}(\boldsymbol{r})$ respectively
\es{
f_{\boldsymbol{X}}(\boldsymbol{r}) = \wp_p f_{\boldsymbol{X},p}(\boldsymbol{r}) + (1-\wp_p)f_{\boldsymbol{X},m}(\boldsymbol{r})
\label{eq:gen_pdf}
,}
such that $f_{\boldsymbol{X},p}(\boldsymbol{r})=1/V$ and  $\int_\mathcal{V} f_{\boldsymbol{X}}(\boldsymbol{r}) \textrm{d} \boldsymbol{r} =1$ and where
\es{
\wp_p =\frac{\mathbb{E} [ T_p ]}{\mathbb{E} [ T_p ] + \mathbb{E} [ T ]},
\label{eq:full_pdf}
}
as shown in \cite{bettstetter2004stochastic}, where $\mathbb{E}[T_p ]$ is the expected pause time and $\mathbb{E} [ T ]$ is the mean time taken for a single leg.
Using the fact that the speed is taken from a uniform distribution and that $v_{max} = k v_{min}$, the expected time for each leg is given by
\es{
\mathbb{E} [T ] = \frac{\ln(k)}{k - 1}   \frac{\overline{l}}{v_{min}}
,}
where $\overline{l}$ is the mean leg length and is exactly given by \cite{crescenzi2010spatial}
\es{
\overline{l}=\frac{1}{V^2} \int_\mathcal{V}  \int_0^\pi a_1 a_2 (a_1+a_2) \textrm{d} \phi \textrm{d} \boldsymbol{r}
\label{eq:l}
,}
for any convex domain $\mathcal{V}$, where the lengths $a_1$ and $a_2$ depend on the position $\boldsymbol{r}\in \mathcal{V}$ of the node as demonstrated in the lower panel of Fig.~\ref{fig:fig1} for a rectangular domain.
The values of $a_1, a_2$ are defined by choosing a point $\boldsymbol{r}\in\mathcal{V}$ and drawing a straight line through it.
The length of the line to the right is $a_1$ and to the left $a_2$.

Similarly, the exact spatial distribution of nodes in any convex shape $\mathcal{V}$ can be found by calculating \cite{hyytia2006spatial}
\es{
f_{\boldsymbol{X},m}(\boldsymbol{r}) = \frac{1}{\overline{l}V^2}\int_0^{\pi} a_1a_2(a_1 + a_2) d\phi
\label{eq:Integral}
.}

It is interesting to note that the distribution of nodes in the RWPM, given by \eqref{eq:Integral} is proportional  to that for the betweenness centrality measure where a node is said to have a high betweenness if it is frequently used to transmit data between two different nodes along the shortest path \cite{giles2014betweenness}. This allows for some intuition as to what the spatial distribution of nodes in the RWPM will be like since in \cite{giles2014betweenness} it was shown the nodes located at the centre had a high betweenness value so analogously we should expect the distribution of nodes to be highest in the centre also.

\subsubsection{Rectangular domain}

Writing $a_1$ and $a_2$ as functions of position $\boldsymbol{r}$ and $\phi\in[0,\pi]$ one can calculate that for a rectangle of sides $a$ and $b$  \cite{bettstetter2004stochastic}
\es{
\overline{l} \!= \!\frac{d}{3} \!+\! \frac{a^2}{6b} \ln(\frac{{{d}} + b}{a}) - \frac{b^2}{6a}\ln(\frac{{d}-a}{b}) + \frac{{a^3} - {d}^3}{15{b^2}} + \frac{{b^3} - {{d}^3}}{15{a^2}}
\label{eq:mean_length_rect}
,}
where $a \ge b$ and $d = 2\sqrt{a^2 + b^2}$.
Note that when $a_1$ and $a_2$ meet the corners of the rectangle the integrands above are not smooth functions thus requiring that the integrals be performed within the elementary cells $\mathcal{A}_i$  for $i=1,\ldots 8$ as shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:fig2}

We give here for the first time the exact spatial distribution of mobile nodes under the RWPM within $\mathcal{A}_1$ elementary cell of a rectangular domain, where the full expression follows through symmetry.
\es{
f_1(x,y) &= \frac{1}{16a^2b^2\overline{l}} \Biggl\{\frac{d_1(b-y)(a+x)(a-2x)}{(a-x)}\\&+ \frac{d_4(a-x)(a+2x)(b-y)}{(a+x)}\\&+ \left[d_3(a-x) + d_2(a+x)\right]\left[\frac{(b-y)(b+2y)}{(b+y)}\right] \\&+  2x(b-y)^2\ln\left|\frac{a-x}{a+x}\right| + 4ax(b-y)\ln\left|\frac{b-y}{b+y}\right|\\&+ c_1\left[\ln\left|\frac{b-y+d_1}{a-x}\right|+ \ln\left|\frac{y-d_4-b}{a+x}\right|\right] \\&+ c_2\ln\left|\frac{d_3+a-x}{d_2-a-x}\right| + c_3\ln\left|\frac{d_2+b+y}{d_1+b-y}\right|\\&+ c_4\ln\left|\frac{d_2-a-x}{d_1+x-a}\right| - c_5\ln\left|\frac{y- d_4 - b}{-d_3 - b- y}\right| \\&+  c_6\ln\left|\frac{d_4 + a +x}{d_3+a-x}\right|\Biggl\}
\label{eq:f1}
,}
where $c_1 = a(a-x)(a+x),\; c_2 = b(b-y)(b+y),\; c_3 = (a+x)(b-y)^2,\; c_4 = (a+x)^2(b-y),\; c_5 = (x-a)(b-y)^2 \; \text{and}\; c_6 = (x-a)^2(b-y)$, $d_1 =\sqrt{(a-x)^2 + (b-y)^2}$, $d_2 = \sqrt{(a+x)^2 + (b+y)^2}$, $d_3 = \sqrt{(a-x)^2 + (b+y)^2} $ and $d_4 = \sqrt{(a+x)^2 + (b-y)^2}$.

Several approximations to the above have been reported in the literature the simplest one being \cite{bettstetter2002spatial}
\es{
\hat{f}_{\boxdot}(x,y)&= \frac{9}{16a^3b^3}(x^2 - a^2)(y^2 - b^2)
\label{eq:approx_pdf}
,}
by assuming two linearly independent processes in the $x$ and $y$ directions.
The $\boxdot$ is used to indicate the rectangular domain.
Equation \eqref{eq:approx_pdf} deviates from the exact solution as seen in the lower panel of Fig.~\ref{fig:fig2}.
Hyyti\"{a} et al \cite{hyytia2006spatial} give a more accurate polynomial approximation than \eqref{eq:approx_pdf} however, unlike the exact expression \eqref{eq:f1}, all known approximations are smooth everywhere whereas the exact solution is piecewise continuous.

Later in this paper we will use the approximation given by \eqref{eq:approx_pdf} due to its simplicity and thus ease in calculating complicated connectivity integrals.
We jsutify our use of the approximations as we hope to give closed form expressions where possible and argue that the results will not change qualitatively.

\subsubsection{Circular domain}

A circular domain is much easier to analyse than the rectangle as there are no discontinuities due to corners.
Therefore, by using  \eqref{eq:Integral}, it can be shown that
\es{
f_{\bigodot}(r,\theta)&= \frac{2(R^2-r^2)}{\overline{l} V^2}\int_0^{\pi} \sqrt{R^2 - r^2\cos^2(\phi)}\: d\phi
\label{eq:f_disk_exact}
,}
in polar coordinates $(r,\theta)$, and $\overline{l}$ can be found by integrating \eqref{eq:f_disk_exact} over  $\mathcal{V}$, which can be approximated to \cite{bettstetter2002spatial}
\es{
\hat{f}_{\bigodot}(r) & =  \frac{2}{\pi R^2} \left(1 - \left(\frac{r}{R}\right)^2\right)
\label{eq:disk_pdf}
,}
where $R$ is the radius of the circular domain.

\section{Connectivity Analysis \label{sec:Connectivity Analysis}}

Given $N$ nodes which move under the RWPM within some convex domain $\mathcal{V}$, in this section we will investigate the connectivity of the resulting network.
We first present the information theoretic model \cite{tse2005fundamentals} that we adopt and later define the observables of interest.

\subsection{System Model}

The attenuation in the wireless channel of any ad hoc network affects the overall connectivity and capacity of that network \cite{dousse2004connectivity}.
As a result we introduce the path loss function $g(d_{ij})$ describing how the power of a propagating signal decays with the distance $d_{ij}=|\boldsymbol{r}_i - \boldsymbol{r}_j|$ between two nodes.
We assume that the function $g(d_{ij})$ is only concerned with the long term average of the signal to noise ratio (SNR) at the receiver which behaves like SNR$_{ij}$ $\propto d_{ij}^{-\eta}$ and so we define the path loss function $g(d_{ij})$ as
\es{
g(d_{ij}) &= \frac{1}{\epsilon + d_{ij}^{\eta}}\:\:\text{, $\epsilon \ge 0$}
\label{eq:path_loss}
,}
where $\eta$ is the path loss exponent and $\epsilon$ is chosen to be non-zero so the path loss function is non-singular.
For free space propagation it is common to take $\eta = 2$ and for more cluttered environments $\eta > 2$, typically taking values in the range $[2,6]$.

We now turn to the main connectivity metric the Signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) defined as
\es{
\text{SINR}_{ij} &= \frac{\mathcal{P}|h_{ij}|^2g(d_{ij})}{\mathcal{N} + \gamma \mathcal{I}_j}\\
\mathcal{I}_j &= \sum _{k \neq i} \mathcal{P}|h_{kj}|^2g(d_{kj})
\label{eq:SINR}
,}
where $\mathcal{I}_j$ is the interference received at node $j$,
$\mathcal{P}$ is the transmit power (equal for all nodes),
$\mathcal{N}$ is the noise power within the system,
and $|h_{ij}|^2$ is the channel gain between nodes $i$ and $j$ and will be modelled as an exponential random variable with mean one (assuming Rayleigh fading).
In \eqref{eq:SINR} $\gamma$ is used to quantify the amount of interference in the system and can take values between zero and one.
In the case where $\gamma = 0$ there is no interference resulting in all $k \neq i$ interfering devices transmitting on a different channel \cite{yang2012connectivity}. Conversely $\gamma = 1$ refers to the case when all transmissions occur in the same channel.

In the RWPM (and other mobility models) the SINR between two nodes depends on the location of the receiver, the underlying network topology and the spatial distribution of the network defining the interference field experienced by the receiver.
All these can significantly affect the performance of the network.
Intuitively we can see that dense regions will have more interference than sparse ones.
On the other hand, nodes in sparsely populated regions of the network domain have less neighbours to connect to compared to dense regions.
This trade-off is already non-trivial in the case of a uniform distribution of interfering nodes \cite{georgiou2015location}.
In this paper we will study for the first time this trade-off in the non-uniform distribution \eqref{eq:gen_pdf} generated by the RWPM.

\subsection{Connection Probability}

Let us first consider an interference limited network where node $i$ sends a signal to node $j$ and we assume that all $k \neq i$ nodes are interfering with that transmission and ask what is the probability $H_{ij}$ that node $i$ can successfully transmit data to node $j$, i.e. the complement of the outage probability given some SINR threshold $q$
\es{
H_{ij} = \mathbb{P}[\text{SINR}_{ij} > q] = \mathbb{P}\left[|h_{ij}|^2 \ge \frac{q(\mathcal{N} + \gamma \mathcal{I}_j)}{\mathcal{P}g(d_{ij})}\right]
\label{eq:connect_prob}
}
By conditioning on $\mathcal{I}_j$ and using the fact $|h_{ij}|^2 \sim  \text{exp}(1)$ and that $|h_{kj}|^2$ are i.i.d random variables, \eqref{eq:connect_prob} can be rewritten as,
\es{
H_{ij} &=\mathbb{E}_{\mathcal{I}_j}\Biggl[\mathbb{P}\left[|h_{ij}|^2 \ge \frac{q(\mathcal{N} + \gamma \mathcal{I}_j)}{\mathcal{P}g(d_{ij})}\biggl|\mathcal{I}_j\right]\Biggl]\\
&= \mathbb{E}_{\mathcal{I}_j}\Biggl[\exp \left(-\frac{q(\mathcal{N} + \gamma \mathcal{I}_j)}{\mathcal{P}g(d_{ij})}\right)\Biggl]\\
&= e^{-\frac{q\mathcal{N}}{\mathcal{P}g(d_{ij})}}\mathcal{L}_{\mathcal{I}_j}\left(\frac{q\gamma}{\mathcal{P}g(d_{ij})}\right)\\
\label{eq:connect_prob_2}
}
where $\mathcal{L}_{\mathcal{I}_j}(s)$ is the Laplace transform of the random variable $\mathcal{I}_j$ evaluated at $s = \frac{q\gamma}{\mathcal{P}g(d_ij)}$ conditioned on the locations of the transmitting and receiving nodes.
Following \cite{georgiou2015location} we have
\es{
\mathcal{L}_{\mathcal{I}_j}(s) &= \mathbb{E}_{\mathcal{I}_j}\left[e^{-\frac{s\mathcal{I}_j}{\mathcal{P}}}\right] = \mathbb{E}_{|h_{kj}|^2, d_{kj}}\left[e^{-s\sum_{k \neq i}  |h_{kj}|^2g(d_{kj})}\right]\\
&= \mathbb{E}_{d_{kj}}\left[\prod_{k \neq i}^{N - 1}  \frac{1}{1+s g(d_{kj})} \right]
\label{eq:Laplace}
.}
Invoking the probability generating functional of a general inhomogeneous Poisson point process (PPP) $\Xi$ in $\mathbb{R}^2$ with intensity function $\lambda(\xi)$ given by
\es{\mathbb{E}\left[\prod_{\xi \in \Xi} f(\xi)\right] = \exp\left(-\int_{\mathbb{R}^2} (1 - f(\xi))\lambda(\xi)\textrm{d} \xi\right)
}
we can see that when $N\gg 1$ we can approximate the BPP by a PPP such that $\lambda(\xi)\approx N f_{\boldsymbol{X}}(\boldsymbol{r})$ therefore arriving at
\es{
\mathcal{L}_{\mathcal{I}_j} (s)
&\approx \exp \left(-N\int_{\mathcal{V}} f_{\boldsymbol{X}}(\boldsymbol{r}_k) \frac{sg(d_{kj})}{1 + sg(d_{kj})} \textrm{d}\boldsymbol{r}_k\right)
\label{eq:Laplace2}
.}
\textit{Remark 1:} Equation \eqref{eq:Laplace2} is the main result of this paper as this can be computed numerically with the assistance of \eqref{eq:Integral} for any domain $\mathcal{V}$ in which nodes move under the RWPM. Significantly, we note that the connection probability $H_{ij}$ of a receiver at $\boldsymbol{r}_{j}$ given by \eqref{eq:connect_prob_2} depends exponentially on the node distribution $f_{\boldsymbol{X}}$ which is itself dependent on the mobility model.
We now proceed to consider specific cases.

\subsubsection{Circular domain}

Consider a receiver positioned at the centre of the circular domain i.e. $\boldsymbol{r}_j= 0$.
Using polar coordinates and the approximation given in \eqref{eq:disk_pdf} with $\rho = \frac{N}{V}$ we calculate
\es{
\mathcal{L}_{\mathcal{I}_j}(s) &= \exp\biggl\{-\frac{\wp_p \rho s\pi R^2}{\epsilon + s} {}_2F_1\left(1, \frac{2}{\eta},\frac{2}{\eta} + 1, \frac{-R^{\eta}}{\epsilon + s}\right)\\
&- \frac{(1-\wp_p)\pi R^2s \rho}{s + \epsilon}\biggl[2{}_2F_1\left(1, \frac{2}{\eta}, \frac{2+\eta}{\eta}, -\frac{R^{\eta}}{s+\epsilon}\right)\\
&-  {}_2F_1\left(1, \frac{4}{\eta}, \frac{4}{\eta} + 1,-\frac{R^{\eta}}{s + \epsilon}\right)\biggl]\biggl\}
\label{eq:SINR_disk}
.}
For free space propagation $\eta = 2$ we can simplify \eqref{eq:SINR_disk} to
\es{
\mathcal{L}_{\mathcal{I}_j}(s) &= \exp\biggl\{-\wp_p s \pi \rho \ln\left(\frac{R^2}{s+\epsilon} + 1\right)\\
&+ \frac{2 \rho \pi s (1-\wp_p)}{R^2}\left[R^2 - (s+\epsilon + R^2)\ln\left(\!\frac{R^2}{s+\epsilon} + 1\right)\!\right]\biggl\}
\label{eq:SINR_disk_eta_2}
.}

Similarly, for $\eta=4$ we can simplify \eqref{eq:SINR_disk} to
\es{
\mathcal{L}_{\mathcal{I}_j}(s) &= \exp\biggl\{-\frac{\wp_ps\pi \rho}{\sqrt{s+\epsilon}} \arctan \left(\frac{R^2}{\sqrt{s+\epsilon}}\right)\\
&+\frac{\rho \pi s (1 - \wp_p)}{\sqrt{s + \epsilon}}\biggl[\frac{\sqrt{s+\epsilon}}{R^2}\ln\left(\!\frac{R^4}{s+\epsilon} + 1\right)\!\\
&-2\arctan\left(\frac{R^2}{\sqrt{s+\epsilon}}\right)\biggl]\biggl\}
\label{eq:SINR_disk_eta_4}
.}

\subsubsection{Comparison with other models}

\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=0.2]{fig3_zoom_connectivity_n_1000_a_10_b_10_R_1.png}
\caption{A comparison between the connectivity from the centre to the edge in all three cases where the volume of the domain is given by $4ab$, with $a=b=10$,  $R = \frac{2a}{\sqrt{\pi}}$ and $\rho = NV$.}
\label{fig:fig3}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=0.5, trim = 500 10 500 10]{HH.jpg}
\caption{a. The spatial node distribution  under the RWPM in a rectangular domain $\mathcal{V}$
b. The interference field in the top right quadrant of $\mathcal{V}$ as calculated through the integral of equation \eqref{eq:Laplace2}.
c. The connection probability $H_{ij}(1/2)$ of a receiver in the top right quadrant of the $\mathcal{V}$ as calculated through equation \eqref{eq:connect_prob_2} for $N=40$.
Parameters used: $\mathcal{P}=\mathcal{N}=q=\gamma=1$, $a=5$, $b=2$, $\eta=4$, and $\epsilon=\wp_p=0$.}
\label{fig:fig3b}
\end{figure}

In this subsection we compare the derived performance metric, the connection probability between two nodes $H_{ij}$, with a number of other models and receiver locations.
The comparison is shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:fig3} and is performed in both a Circular (Disk) domain (left panel) and a rectangular domain (right panel) using $q= \mathcal{P}= \mathcal{N} = \rho= 1$ and $\epsilon=0$.
The connection probability is plotted as function of transmitter-receiver distances $d_{ij}$ for different receiver positions: centre, edge, and corner of the domain $\mathcal{V}$ for $\wp_p=1$ (uniform distribution) and $\wp_p=0$.
Also plotted in Fig.~\ref{fig:fig3} is the case of $\gamma=0$ (i.e. no interference) referred to in the key as SNR, and also the case where $(\gamma,\eta)= (0,\infty)$ which interestingly corresponds to a deterministic unit disk model where nodes connect (or not) if they are within a unit distance of each other.
We notice that interference significantly deteriorates the connection probability.
Moreover, we notice that the receiver nodes near the border of the domain are more likely to be connected than  receiver nodes at the domain centre.
Interestingly, random waypoint mobility (i.e. $\wp_p<1$) improves the connection probability near the domain border, and worsens it near the domain centre.
This is not surprising as the density of interfering nodes near the centre is much higher than near the domain border (c.f. \eqref{eq:approx_pdf}).
This effect seems to be even more dominant in the rectangular domain. For instance, $H_{ij}(0.5) \approx 0$ for a node near the centre of the rectangular domain whilst , $H_{ij}(0.5) \approx 0.5$ for a node located near the domain corner; a huge difference in performance.

The effect of interference on connectivity is further illustrated by  Fig.~\ref{fig:fig3b} where we observe in a rectangular domain with $N = 40$ that $H_{ij} \approx 0.1$ for a node located at the centre where as at the corner $H_{ij} \approx  0.8$. Clearly this is a direct consequence of the interference field as shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:fig3b}b. The effect a rectangular domain has on the connectivity is further highlighted by seeing that the side with the shortest length has a lower distribution of nodes and thus the impact of interference is less.

Note that similar observations are expected to hold for the average achievable rate given by $\mathbb{E}[ \ln (1+\mathrm{SINR}_{ij}) ]$ (see \cite{georgiou2015location}).

\section{Spatial density of Successful Transmissions \label{sec:mean_degree}}

We now turn to the spatial density of transmissions that can be successfully received by a receiver located at $\boldsymbol{r}_j$ given by
\es{
\mu_j(\boldsymbol{r}_j) = (N-1) \int_\mathcal{V} f_{\boldsymbol{X}}(\boldsymbol{r}_i) H_{ij} \textrm{d} \boldsymbol{r}_i
\label{eq:mu}
.}
\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=0.2, trim = {80 45 0 40}, clip]{Fig5.png}
\caption{A comparison between the spatial density $\mu(\boldsymbol{r}_j)$ for a receiver located different positions within a circular and square domain where we use numerical integration of equation \eqref{eq:mu}, using \eqref{eq:SINR_disk_eta_4}, where $\boldsymbol{r}_j \in\mathcal{V} $ are the Cartesian coordinates of the receiver.  In the above figures  $\epsilon = 0$  in the left panel and $\epsilon = 0.01$ in the right and we take $R = 5$, $a = b = \frac{\sqrt{\pi}R}{2}$ such that the two domains have the same volume V.  We use the model where the network is operating in a cluttered environment,  $\eta = 4$,  and not all nodes are interfering with each other, $\gamma = 1/2$.}
\label{fig:fig5}
\end{figure}
Closed form calculation of \eqref{eq:mu} is possible for the SNR case where $\gamma=0$ and $\eta=2$ giving
\es{\mu(\boldsymbol{r}_j ) &= (N-1)\frac{\wp_p\pi }{4V}\biggl\{\mathrm{erf}\left(a-x_0\right) + \mathrm{erf}\left(a+x_0\right)\biggl\}\\
&\times\biggl\{\mathrm{erf}\left(b-y_0\right)+ \mathrm{erf}\left(b+y_0\right)\biggl\}\\
&+   (N-1)\frac{9(1-\wp_p)e^{-2(ax_0 + by_0)}}{256(ab)^3} \biggl\{e^{\left(x_0 - a\right)^2}\\
&\biggl[-2(a+x_0)e^{2ax_0} + \sqrt{\pi}(2x_0^2 - 2a^2)\mathrm{erf}\left(a-x_0\right)\biggl] \\
&+ e^{-\left({a^2 + x_0^2}\right)}\biggl[-2(a-x_0) \\
&+ \sqrt{\pi}(2x_0^2- 2a^2)\mathrm{erf}\left({a+x_0}\right)e^{\left({a+x_0}\right)^2}\biggl]\biggl\}\\
&\biggl\{e^{\left(y_0 - b\right)^2}\big[-2(b+y_0)e^{2by_0}\\
&+ \sqrt{\pi}( 2y_0^2- 2b^2)\mathrm{erf}\left(b-y_0\right)\biggl]\\
&+ e^{-\left(b^2 + y_0^2\right)}\biggl[-2(b-y_0) \\
&+ \sqrt{\pi}( 2y_0^2- 2b^2)\mathrm{erf}\left({b+y_0}\right)e^{\left({b+y_0}\right)^2}\biggl]\biggl\}
\label{eq:mu_SNR}
}
It should be noted that a closed form expression can be achieved for the unit disk model where $\gamma = 0$ and $\eta \to \infty$ but we only give here explicit expressions for the mean degree at the centre, corner and the midpoint of the edges for the sake of brevity.
\es{
\mu(0,0) &= \frac{(N-1)\wp_p\pi}{\overline{l}\mathcal{V}} + \frac{(N-1)(1-\wp_p)\pi}{42(ab)^3} \big\{\\&- 6(a^2 + b^2)+ 24(ab)^2 \big\}\\
\mu(a,0) &= \frac{(N-1)\wp_p\pi}{8 \overline{l}(ab)} + \frac{(N-1)(1-\wp_p)}{426(ab)^3}\big\{5\pi \\&- 64a - 30\pi b^2 + 320ab^2\big\}\\
\mu(0,b) &= \frac{(N-1)\wp_p\pi}{8 \overline{l}(ab)} +\frac{(N-1)(1-\wp_p)}{426(ab)^3}\big\{5\pi \\&- 64b - 30\pi a^2  + 320a^2b\big\}\\
\mu(a,b) &= \frac{(N-1)\wp_p\pi}{16 \overline{l}(ab)} + (N-1)\frac{(1-\wp_p)}{854(ab)^3}\big\{5\pi \\&- 64(a+b) + 120ab \big\}
\label{eq:mu_disk}
}

From the closed form expressions of \eqref{eq:mu_SNR}, \eqref{eq:mu_disk}  we can clearly see that the number of successful transmissions in the SNR and unit disk model $\mu$ grows linearly with $\rho=N/V$.
We note that an analytical expression for \eqref{eq:mu} cannot be given for the SINR case $\gamma > 0$.

In contrast to the case of $\gamma = 0$, for interference limited networks (i.e. $\gamma \neq 0$) for a circular domain, the spatial density of successful transmissions $\mu$ plateaus for $\epsilon=0$ and is unimodal (i.e. has a single maximum) for $\epsilon>0$, indicating a deterioration in performance at large densities, Fig.~\ref{fig:fig5}\color{blue}{a}\color{black}{}.
This suggests that $\epsilon \neq 0$ may give a more accurate representation of what happens in real life networks.
Intuitively we can see this as if we start with a single node in our system and continue to add more then the amount of successful transmissions that can be achieved will initially increase since at low densities the effect of the interference field will not be as great.
However, at a particular density we would expect this number to stop increasing and start decreasing since the strength of the interference will have increased such that it restricts the number of successful transmissions.

Both the uniform and RWPM distribution have a low $\mu$ at the centre but we see much faster deterioration in performance as the density increases  for $\wp = 0$, a result of the spatial distribution of nodes; for a network with roughly 235 nodes, $\mu_{(0,0)} \approx 0.5$.
We note that Fig.~\ref{fig:fig5}\color{blue}{a}\color{black}{} and Fig.~\ref{fig:fig5}\color{blue}{c}\color{black}{} are very similar due to the chosen parameters, likewise for Fig.~\ref{fig:fig5}\color{blue}{b}\color{black}{} and Fig.~\ref{fig:fig5}\color{blue}{d}\color{black}{}.

Both Fig.~\ref{fig:fig5}\color{blue}{d,5e} \color{black}{} show that for $\wp = 0$ the behaviour of $\mu$ near the borders is very poor. Even though a receiver at the border (i.e. at the corner) is expected to have a higher connection probability $H_{ij}$ in an interference limited network, the spatial density of successful transmissions suffers greatly when the density of nodes is small.
Interestingly, we see that even for $\epsilon = 0.01$ the behaviour of $\wp = 0$ changes very little as $\rho$ increases, insert of Fig.~\ref{fig:fig5}\color{blue}{e}\color{black}{}, and in fact only as the number of nodes in the network becomes very large, $\approx 10^3$, do we begin to see more noticeable degradation in $\mu$, highlighting the non-trivial trade-off between interference and boundary effects.
Interestingly when the distribution of nodes is a mixture of RWPM and Uniform, $\wp = 0.5$, we see that the performance at the borders is significantly improved compared with that of $\wp = 0$.

In terms of applications of these results, under the RWPM it suggests that areas such as the centre of cities where the largest number of mobile devices are typically found, a drop in ad hoc network performance is expected due to interference, results which are consistent with that of \cite{gong2014interference}.
This is further intensified near the borders simply due to the low spatial density of transmitting nodes; however insert of Fig.~\ref{fig:fig5}\color{blue}{e}\color{black}{} indicates that the network performance could be greatly improved by having a hybrid network.
Efficient, interference and mobility aware MAC protocols would have to be  developed in line with the above results as to optimise channel access and thus connectivity throughout the network domain $\mathcal{V}$.

The calculations shown in  Fig.~\ref{fig:fig3},~\ref{fig:fig3b},~\ref{fig:fig5} were done using the approximate pdf's as the exact ones would not change the result qualitatively.

\section{Discussion and Conclusions \label{sec:Conclusion}}

The random waypoint model assumes nodes moving from waypoint to waypoint in a random fashion.
The resulting spatial distribution of nodes is not uniform but rather is concentrated in the domain's bulk.
As such, when wireless nodes access the common Hertzian medium without any collision avoidance mechanism (or similar) signals will interfere with each other at the receiver end causing sever packet losses which need to be catered for through retransmissions causing further delay and requiring additional signalling overheads.

In this paper we have explored the Random Waypoint Mobility Model where we have given an exact expression for the spatial distribution of nodes in a rectangle and  compared this with earlier approximations. A closed form expression for the connection probability for a receiver positioned at the centre of a circular domain was also given, and numerical calculations for receivers positioned at different locations and in different domains. Due to the high number of nodes in the bulk for the RWPM, it was shown that a successful connection was less likely to happen since the interference is greater, where the converse was true at the edges; an effect that was magnified in the rectangular region due to its corners. An exact expression was calculated for the mean degree of a noisy network in free space and shown to grow linearly with density.
Numerical calculations were used to express the spatial density of successful transmissions in different parts of the domain where the performance of a network locally is characterised by the trade off between the density of nodes and the resulting interference field (i.e. too few nodes limits the number of possible connections, too many results in too much interference).
Finally, we have illustrated that the non-singular path loss function gives a more realistic analysis of the networks performance and shows how important metrics like the mean degree deteriorates at higher densities.

These results highlight one important challenge facing any future deployment of MANETs, namely how can the interference experienced from neighbouring nodes be mitigated if the underlying network intensity follows an inhomogeneous spatial distribution.
We see that in the RWPM nodes are focused predominately in the bulk of the domain and thus more mobile devices are competing for the same  amount of limited resources so efficient protocols would be needed to ensure fair channel access.
This observation is expected to hold under more advanced protocols (e.g. CSMA/CA) than the simple ALOHA assumed herein since despite careful interference avoidance mechanisms, different parts of the network have different densities of transmitters and receivers which therefore suffer from different levels of co-channel interference.
Throughout this paper we do not assume any neighbour association mechanism which is typical in cellular networks and as such could be a line of future investigation.
As a final remark, we also point towards the common assumption that the most efficient way to transmit data between nodes in a multi-hop fashion is via the shortest path.  However, with an inhomogeneous distribution and  interference limited environment,  this may not be the most effective since going through areas of high density, the levels of  interference increase so data may have to be continually resent thus increasing the transmission time between sender and receiver. Instead the optimal solution might involve minimising both the path and the interference.

\section*{Acknowledgments}
The authors would like to thank the directors of the Toshiba Telecommunications Research Laboratory for their support.
This work was supported by the EPSRC [grant number EB/N002458/1].
In addition, Pete Pratt is partially supported by an ESPRC Doctoral Training Account.

\bibliographystyle{ieeetr}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


I spent two full days looking at art in NYC over the Thanksgiving weekend. My first priority was to see the exhibit of collages by Robert Motherwell at the Guggenheim. These collages moved me, excited me, made me want to rush back to my studio and work. I've always been drawn to Motherwell's work, paintings as well as collages, but I've never figured out why. I'm still exploring this question. This is the first time I had seen so many of his collages all at once and in person – and I discovered how important that is. The tactile qualities of the collages, the "thingness" of the glued on bits, the physical presence of the elements (as opposed to the illusion of presence in painting) was of the utmost importance and impact. After purchasing the catalog and looking through it, I discovered that it doesn't even come close to experiencing the actual works. This seems to me to be one of the most important aspects of collage, yet, oddly, in my own work – the faux encaustics, that is – I lose this very thing! So often I admire in another artist's work exactly what I don't do in my own. As a result of seeing this exhibit, I have been in my studio experimenting with collage in a much more tactile and immediate way, much of it looking like my old work, prior to discovering the faux encaustic method that I have given myself over to in recent years.
Also at the Guggenheim was a huge retrospective of the work of Christopher Wool, and it took up the main part of the museum, the spiral ramp. I had never heard of him. I checked out the sample catalogue I found on a bench. The write up of this artist's philosophy, theory, and process sounded interesting. I began at the top of the spiral ramp with high hopes of discovering and liking the work of a current, living artist. As I descended the ramp, at ever increasing speed, my hopes also descended. My speed increased due to boredom. At first I stopped and looked and considered, but the works simply were not engaging me. The theory engaged me, but the actual works did not. The works that were actually painted by the artist did interest me a little. But the ones that were silk-screened onto canvas I found cold, inhuman, and commercial. The imagery was very repetitive from work to work. I was dismayed! I was emotionally moved and intellectually and artistically challenged by the work I had just seen that was made during the 40's and 50's, and I could not at all relate this work being done today and touted as important by this major international museum. Doubt ascended even as I descended – am I simply old and not-up-with-the-times? Here was an important impetus to look further at more current living artists and their art! Surely, I would understand and appreciate some part of what is being wrestled with in the current art world!
Leaving the Guggenheim, my next stop was MOMA, now showing a major retrospective of the work of Rene Magritte. I have never been particularly drawn to Magritte's work, so that was not my main interest – I went first to a tiny show centered on the use of collage in architectural rendering. It was a fabulous little gem with many surprises. But it was dense and full and I was a bit tired, so I perused it only lightly. Looking back, I wish I had given it a little more fresh energy. But I am still very glad I saw it. Why? Well, for one thing, I see how much the invention of collage by Picasso and Bracque spread out and influenced other areas of life and how pervasive it has become – even to the point where we don't notice its use. And, some of the works were meant for business, to illustrate a project, and other works were meant to be works of art that included architecture, and the line was blurred if one didn't read the captions. One work in particular sticks in my mind: a fanned-out series of elevations of a home design affixed to a wood panel to which was attached an old architectural drafting tool – collage and assemblage and architectural design and rendering, all mixed into a beautiful result. This is when I wish I lived in NYC, I would go back again to both this exhibit and the Motherwell and give them both energy and time. When I am in the city I run, run, run to see as much as I can.
One more comment about Magritte's work: there is a rather collage-like attitude in the placing together of unrelated and unexpected juxtapositions.
That was all on Friday, after which we went to Birdland for dinner and jazz.
Interesting and worth the time we took. Most of it I knew and much of it I had seen before, but it was very helpful for Carl, who knew nothing about the 1913 Armory Show and how dramatically it changed the art world.
Did I say little to do with collage? Maybe not. A horse's head on a human torso? Very collage-like.
Denise Bibro: David Barnett, collage and mixed media 2-dimensional framed collages and 3-dimensional constructions, some mechanical and moving – all from discarded materials.
Collage? Sounds like it to me.
Mixed media? Collage? Take a look.
Let me know if this is interesting to you so I will know whether or not to bother writing and sending other such missives.


text: Q: Arango update from 3.3 to 3.7 I've been running on Arango 3.3. I booted a new server with Arango 3.7. I've configured both Arangos identically (as much as I can) -- same DBs, data, users, passwords and permissions. But the server code that accesses version 3.3 fails when I point it at 3.7. Connection succeeds on both, returning a jwt. Using that jwt in subsequent queries succeeds on 3.3, but fails on 3.7 with "not authorized to execute this request". I've checked and rechecked user permissions, and as far as I can tell they are the same. Has something changed between 3.3 and 3.7 that I'm missing?


An Introduction to Prayer: Part 1 • Run Hard. Rest Well.
If I'm really honest, I have to admit I find it easier to spend ten minutes talking about God than ten minutes talking to God. My life bears evidence of this reality too often. My growth can be meager. My fruit is nothing worth writing home about.
How do we infuse our lives, our passion, our purpose, our existence with prayer—so our lives find the rest and power we long for?
I think the first step is examining our understanding and practice of prayer.
For 40 years, a majority of my prayer life has been spent in monologue. I talk. God listens.
Nothing wrong with talking. God wants to hear from his children. But it can't consume.
Monologue doesn't set me on a fast track to a healthy relationship with anyone, including God.
Does a prayer monologue come easier than dialogue to you, too?
Getting a glimpse of Moses' relationship with God spurs me on to explore this whole idea of dialogue. I think the whole idea of dialogue prayer captured Joshua's heart as well.
Now Moses used to take a tent and pitch it outside the camp some distance away, calling it the "tent of meeting." Anyone inquiring of the Lord would go to the tent of meeting outside the camp. …The Lord would speak to Moses face to face, as a man speaks with his friend. Then Moses would return to the camp, but his young aid Joshua son of Nun did not leave the tent. Exodus 33:7 and 11.
Get face to face with God. Start tomorrow morning.
Ah, mornings. Before the animals awaken and begin to scream to go out and get fed. Before the potty breaks. Before the body has even begun to fill with rest. Mornings……not my time of day…..but I try. When only the sounds of birds beckon. Lord, I bring You my day. Lord, You know my exhaustion. Refresh me in my spirit, so that as morning awaken the duties, I can commit myself, my day, my words, my submission to Your will. Help me be quiet until I hear and I'm led and before the noise of being awake begins the jumble of confusion on constants. Only the Holy Spirit can bring this to pass. Thank You for Your Spirit. Now…its late. Allow my body the rest it desperately needs. Turn my agenda for tomorrow into Your opportunities.
Sweet, needed words for my soul today.
You are an extraordinary prayer warrior and poet,one show shapes words into tender mercies.
Good Morning, my dear Brenda!!!
God takes such good care of me! I have been down in the pit. I marvel how my dear Lord brought you back into my life.
Reading my devotion this morning, in the EVERYDAYMATTERS BIBLE FOR WOMEN, I read "Getting Away With God" as I was reading it I thought I need to share this with Brenda! Low and Behold the author of this insert was YOU!!!!
My dearest friend said my life was like a soap opera thus last month. My losses are almost too much. First my sister in law died in a severe car accident, my last Tante on my father's side, my brother who just lost his wife, grandson was in a single car accident, left the scene, was found lying in the road. He worked at a Cannabis farm. He had some in his car. My Tante Edith, on my Mutti's side died – I was awake the whole night she was dying here in the USA -she lived in Germany. Some dear friends leaving the hospital where she was having her regular cancer check walking on a ramp in the parking garage were hit my a car. He is OK but her leg was run over my the rear wheel of th car crushing her leg. Surgery included a steel plate screws, etc, 6 – 8 weeks recovery. The police have no jurisdiction on private property. All this while my cousins son is visiting with us. My best friend now living in Florida is having difficulty forming complete sentences.
Thank you for sharing your gift. REST WELL. LISTEN CLOSELY. PRODUCE NOTHING!!!!
The seas of your life are rolling and boiling in a fury that threatens to take you under. Grief upon grief upon grief. I am so very sorry.
What are you doing (how are you protecting retreat time) to navigate the ache of this season. Do you have a comforting "getaway place." A back porch, a park bench, a city park, library . . . Make time for meeting Jesus through Psalm 30, 57 and 143. One at a time.
Your replies are like a cool drink of water to a parched throat!
I am back on my antidepressant. Had a panic attack and knew it was time. The last episode was 5 years ago. Able to manage this one better.
Yes, have my time with my Lord top priority. That's how I knew I needed meds. Besides the deaths I have too many dear friends suffering with cancer, etc. I have entered a new season of my life.
May our dear Lord continue to hold you in the Palm of His Hand and shower many many blessings of your ministry!!!
Feeling your prayers and gradually coming back out of the black pit I have fallen into. Someone just told me my life was like a soap opera!
Needed to share this one. Brenda was on our St Paul staff when I worked in the church office.
This is what I am working on with my devotion time. The PRODUCE NOTHING is really really hard.
To produce nothing is some of the hardest, most productive work of our lives.
When we read Psalm 46:10 we have to read to the end. We oven only read the first part!


Though I must be insane to be voluntarily increasing my workload, I am very excited about leading an independent study this Fall on the topic of fashion and Emerging Media. We will most certainly address issues of gender and sexuality, so I thought that readers of The Spiral Dance might be interested. A brief, preliminary course description is available here.


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San Antonio is going to have an 'above normal, very warm' Christmas
Madalyn Mendoza
Santa will have to put on his shorts to visit San Antonio, as temperatures are expected to reach the 80s for Christmas.
James D. Morgan/Getty Images for P&O Cruises Aus
San Antonio will be dreaming of a white Christmas this week as temperatures are expected to climb and result in a warm holiday. According to the National Weather Service highs will be in the lower 80s on Christmas Day.
NWS Metrologist Mack Morris tells MySA says the weather will start warming up on Christmas Eve and extend into Christmas.
"We're going to be 20-plus degrees above normal — upper 70s and lower 80s," he says. "It's going to be an above normal, very warm Christmas."
- A field of 300,000 synchronized Christmas lights will illuminate San Antonio
- Holiday light show 'A Very Electric Christmas' will surge through San Antonio
- World's longest drive-thru holiday light tunnel opens in San Antonio suburb
Don't miss a single jingle this season. Sign up for our newsletters for more.
It won't be the warmest, though. That record belongs to 1955, when the temperature hit 90, Morris says. In more recent memory, a heat wave hit the South Central Texas area in 2016, hitting a high of 83 degrees in San Antonio the day after Christmas.
You might want to consider leaving a cold horchata out for Santa on Friday night.
Read more from Madalyn
- Rumors and restaurants keeping the Spurs busy during the offseason
- I found my favorite coffee in San Antonio in the UTSA area
- San Antonio dog owner says he 'couldn't believe' his lab was found more than a decade later
Stay up to date on the latest stories from San Antonio and beyond by signing up for our newsletters here.
Reach Madalyn on
Madalyn Mendoza is a proud Alamo City native. Keep up with her work and puro San Antonio happenings on Twitter, @MaddySkye.


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Astrobunus – rodzaj kosarzy z podrzędu Eupnoi i rodziny Sclerosomatidae, liczący ponad 10 opisanych gatunków. Gatunkiem typowym jest Astrobunus helleri.

Występowanie
Przedstawiciele rodzaju zamieszkują Europę. W Polsce występuje jeden gatunek: Astrobunus laevipes.

Systematyka
Opisano dotąd 12 gatunków kosarzy z tego rodzaju:

 Astrobunus bavaricus Rower, 1957
 Astrobunus bernardinus Simon, 1879
 Astrobunus dinaricus Roewer, 1915
 Astrobunus glockneri Roewer, 1957
 Astrobunus grallator Simon, 1879
 Astrobunus helleri (Ausserer, 1867)
 Astrobunus kochi Thorell, 1876
 Astrobunus laevipes (Canestrini, 1872)
 Astrobunus scoticus Roewer, 1957
 Astrobunus spinosus (Herbst, 1799)
 Astrobunus osellai C. Chemini, 1986
 Astrobunus roeweri Hadzi, 1927

Przypisy

Sclerosomatidae

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