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Finn Brings Steffy to Tears and Gives Her Surprising News
Tuesday October 13, 2020: On today's new episode recap of Bold and Beautiful, Bill cautions Liam, Zoe tells her side of the story, and Hope doles out advice.
At Spencer, Bill asks, "You're telling me to stay away from Steffy?" Liam apologizes and goes back to complaining about Finn, who now calls himself her advocate. He explains this is his business because she's the mother of his child and blames Finn's lack of objectivity for her becoming hooked on pills. Bill warns he needs to be careful – he understands better than most that he'll always want to protect Steffy because a part of him will always love her.
At rehab, Finn tells Steffy he understands Liam has issues with him and is looking out for her. He reveals he's been talking to her case manager about her recovery – there's something he wants to show her. A caseworker, Michael Turner, enters and tells Steffy there are a lot of powerful stories out there – he wants to show her one of them. Steffy tears up as she watches a video of a man who got hooked on pain pills and asked for help. She's inspired. Finn asks, "Inspired enough to do one yourself?" He points out she has a lot of followers online and could help someone. Steffy agrees and records her story as the men look on. Michael's impressed and Finn decides she's ready for his news. "You're going home." Steffy learns she's being released today and thanks Finn. "I get to see my little girl!"
More: B&B fans react to forced triangle
In the Forrester design office, Zoe remarks to Zende that hearing him call out Thomas has her questioning how she went along with the Baby Beth cover-up. She'd like a chance to explain. Zoe runs down what happened – she felt trapped and is working hard to make up for it. Zende respects her for trusting him and talking about that painful time. Zoe's relieved and grateful his family let her remain there. Zende asks about Carter and they agree he's a great guy. Zoe says, "Lucky me," but doesn't smile.
In the main office, Thomas points out how well they're co-parenting Douglas and Hope agrees. Thomas wants to work as a team at Forrester as well. Hope's grateful for his past contributions but feels she should work with someone else; she'd really like to give Zende a chance to show what he can do as a designer. Thomas figures he still hasn't proven he's changed and vows to do so. Liam enters. Hope sees he's riled up. Liam's upset and will stay upset until he figures out what to do about Finn. Hope points out he got her into the clinic and Steffy wants him in her life. She knows he cares about Steffy but he's got to let her live her life.
Jacqueline MacInnes Wood directs people to the National Institute on Drug Abuse if they, or someone they know has a drug problem.
Next on The Bold and the Beautiful, Liam inserts himself in a situation surrounding Steffy and Finn.
Feel free to browse photos of Don Diamont through the years. Get your free daily soap-opera fix for Bold and Beautiful — and all of the other daytime dramas — delivered straight to your email inbox by signing up for Soaps.com's newsletter.
Image: Image: Aaron Montgomery/JPI

Bill came to town after his father, Bill Spencer Sr's death. His goal was to carry out his father's last wish…to avenge his true love Stephanie by taking down Eric Forrester and Forrester Creations.

Image: Image: Howard Wise/JPI

Bill and Liam have had a contentious relationship over the years. Liam has often disagreed with his father's tactics and they've fought over Steffy. They love each other down deep despite their differences.

Bill found out he had a son with Quinn Fuller when they turned up in Los Angeles. Bill was no fan of Quinn, but has built a good father/son relationship with Wyatt over the years despite having their ups and downs.

One hallmark of Bill's relationship with Brooke was that she called him her 'stallion'. He would make a stallion noise when they were getting passionate together. Their recent kiss caused a lot of trouble.

Bill and Steffy have had an on and off attraction over the years. She has also been his daughter-in-law and has married both of his sons.

Image: Image: Jill Johnson/JPI

Bill can often be seen glowering in his CEO seat at Spencer Publications. This is where he receives visitors and does his scheming.

Image: Image: Sean Smith/JPI

Justin is Bill's right-hand man at Spencer Publications. He's never far from the drama in Bill's life and is always there to give advice to his gruff and hot-headed boss.

Bill married Katie Logan and the two share a child, Will. Bill's been known to hurt Katie a time or two by cheating with her sister Brooke.

Brad and Victor were capable of working together though they had their differences. Victor never thought Brad was good enough for his daughter, Victoria.

Colleen was Brad's daughter with Traci Abbott. Following his death by drowning, Brad appeared to Colleen.

Brad and Sharon attend a Fourth of July pool party. Sharon, who was a romantic interest of Brad's, was the last person he saw before his death when he visited her at the Abbott cabin.

Brad and Paul, seen here in the sauna, may have been sparring verbally. They had a rivalry over Cassandra Rawlins, who Paul considered the love of his life, but who married Brad.

Image: Image: John Paschal/JPI

Brad married Victoria Newman, much to the dismay of her father Victor and his daughter Colleen. Victoria had a one-night stand with Colleen's love JT, and while Brad forgave her, Colleen gave an unflattering speech at their wedding.

Traci, a self-conscious young lady, first fell for Brad when he started work as the Abbott family's groundskeeper. They married twice and had a daughter, Colleen, together.

Brad worked at Jabot with Jack and they were often rivals over the years. Brad and Ashley fell in love and married despite his involvement with her sister.

B&B Steffy Forrester Zende Forrester Zoe Buckingham
Finn Ruffles Liam's Feathers...
Carter's Over-the-Top Surprise...


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Electronic warfare technology heading-up the battlefield
Signals intelligence, electronic jamming, and electronic protection incorporating software-defined radio and artificial intelligence to stay ahead of adversaries.
By J.R. Wilson
For thousands of years, combat was a relatively simple operation; warriors were on foot, in chariots, on horses, and in ships clashing in close and bloody conflict with swords, spears, and arrows. The tools of war began evolving more quickly in the 19th Century, then the 20th Century saw more advances in weaponry and concepts of operation (CONOPs) than the previous 10,000 years of warfare combined.
The closing decades of the last century also saw the rise of electronics and their evolution into the heart of military capabilities at all levels, in all domains, and across all services worldwide.
Evolving with those capabilities were two new realms of war cyber warfare (CW) and electronic warfare (EW), which began to encompass older, legacy efforts such as signals intelligence (SIGINT), human intelligence (HUMINT), imagery intelligence (IMINT), measurement and signatures intelligence (MASINT), electronic intelligence (ELINT), satellite intelligence (SATINT), communications intelligence (COMINT) and open source intelligence (OSINT).
Cyber warfare officially became a domain of war for the U.S. with the 2009 creation of U.S. Cyber Command (CYBERCOM) and, in May 2018 its elevation to a full and independent unified combatant command, comprising the Army Cyber Command, Fleet Cyber Command/Tenth Fleet, Air Forces Cyber/24th Air Force, and Marine Corps Cyberspace Command.
Meanwhile, EW, broadly defined as any action involving the offensive or defensive use of the electromagnetic spectrum (EMS), also was growing in prominence across the armed forces. NATO, however, adopted a more comprehensive approach to EW, recognizing it as an operational maneuver space and warfighting domain similar to the alliance's maritime, land, air, and space domains.
"We live in the electromagnetic spectrum, from cell phones to radars," says Andrew Dunn, vice president of the international electronic warfare systems business development at the Harris Corp. Electronic Systems segment in Clifton, N.J."
The Army is trying to get the concept of EMS to be another maneuver space. If I'm unable to transfer information to anybody, from warfighters to aircraft, that's a problem," Dunn says. "Control of the EMS is vital to survival on the future battlefield. And if somebody disrupts that maneuver space, chaos will ensue. You cannot conduct any operations unless you have the ability to maneuver in the EMS.
The EA-18G Growler is the only advanced airborne electronic attack (AEA) platform in production today.
Easier said than done
Dominating the electromagnetic spectrum, however, is easier said than done. "There is capability now, but there is no point in time where we can say we own the spectrum because the bad guys will continue to come up with counters," Dunn continues. "The U.S. Army is taking this very seriously now and the Air Force and Navy have ongoing efforts to ensure we have freedom of movement in the electromagnetic domain. OSD [U.S. office of the secretary of defense] is trying to manage how to solve each service's problems, looking at their different missions and threats. The core technologies – various levels of AI, for example – will be common across the services, but each will have different threat spaces."
A prime example of mobile EW at the tactical edge is the Boeing/U.S. Navy EA-18G Growler electronic warfare combat aircraft, the only advanced airborne electronic attack (AEA) platform in production today. A variant of the combat-proven F/A-18F Super Hornet, the Growler provides tactical jamming and electronic protection to U.S. and allied military forces. The Navy has committed to continuing investments in advanced Growler capabilities to further protect all strike aircraft during high-threat missions for decades to come.
A replacement for the Navy's EA-6B Prowler, the Growler also is being acquired by the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) under a U.S. Foreign Military Sales agreement. Those 12 aircraft make Australia the first country to be offered this level of AEA technology by the United States, greatly enhancing electronic awareness and attack capabilities for the RAAF and its allies in the South Pacific/Southeast Asia region.
Proponents say the Growler brings fighter aircraft speed and maneuverability, and the ability to defend itself against air-to-air attack, to an electronic attack aircraft, enhancing the provision of critical intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) data to other U.S. and joint force aircraft.
The U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff have defined EW as a capability – applied from air, land, sea and space manned and unmanned systems – supporting military operations involving detection, denial, deception, disruption, degradation, destruction, and protection. Those are accomplished using electro-optical (E/O), infrared (IR), and radio frequency (RF) countermeasures; EM compatibility and deception; communications jamming, radar jamming and anti-jamming; electronic masking, probing, reconnaissance and intelligence; electronics security; EW reprogramming; emission control; spectrum management and wartime reserve modes.
The Naval Air Warfare Center Weapons Division at Point Mugu, Calif., supports Fleet EW from concept development to year-round EW Intelligence operational support. The organization has developed a distributed, adaptable network capability called the Electronic Warfare Services Architecture (EWSA) to integrate several EW technologies on manned and unmanned aircraft. When fully implemented, EWSA will enable horizontal integration of multiple payloads across the services and air, land, sea, space and cyber domains for enhanced EW operational situational awareness to all levels of command.
Not a replacement
EW is not a replacement for kinetic weapons, but when the system offers an edge over enemy defenses, it can reduce the number of bombs and mortars required to suppress those capabilities.
"A lot of integrated air defense systems are networked; if you can disrupt those, you can make the radar system inoperable without firing a shot. So you don't attack the radar itself, but the infrastructure around the radar," explains Harris's Dunn.
"It all gets back to EM dominance. The first thing you want to do is disable the ability of someone to react. You do that by confusing them, disrupting their communications, using deceptive means, all through either a cyber attack or an attack on the EMS."
The Harris Disruptor SRx is an example of small size, weight, and power consumption (SWaP) in modern mobile electronic warfare systems. It offers adaptive, reprogrammable multifunctional capability for a changing EW environment.
At a January 2018 Army Cyber Quest exercise, Raytheon demonstrated its new Cyber and Electromagnetic Battle Management (CEMBM) system, designed to help navigate the electromagnetic battlefield by bringing electronic warfare, cyber and the EMS together in one tool to plan, coordinate and manage EW and tactical cyber activities.
"This isn't about someone sitting at a desk and hacking into a system," says Travis Slocumb, vice president of Raytheon Electronic Warfare Systems. "It's about the ability to plan, defensively or offensively, while maneuvering through a battlespace undetected.
"The road ahead is full integration, a convergence of cyber and electronic warfare. Tools such as CEMBM will protect our forces from adversaries that are quickly advancing their ability to take over and interfere with the spectrum."
Marine Corps EW
While still relying on the Army to provide the bulk of research and acquisition for current and future EW systems, the Marine Corps is adapting the capabilities to fit their small-unit expeditionary operations. That includes adding an and electronic warfare and unmanned aerial vehicle (EW/UAV) specialist to its 13-person rifle squad — the anchor of Corps ground combat capability.
That change grew out of a growing U.S. Department of Defense concern about a "hybrid warfare" strategy in which the enemy attacks across multiple domains – land, sea, air, space and cyber. It's a concept Russia demonstrated with devastating effect in its 2014 attack on, and annexation of, Crimea by using a mix of cyber attacks, disinformation, propaganda, and conventional warfare to overwhelm its opponent quickly.
In a handbook on the new structures and capabilities of the Russian military, the Army's Asymmetric Warfare Group notes Russia has invested significant money and effort on EW capabilities, especially those designed to shut down FM, SATCOM, cellular, GPS, and other signals the military and civilian worlds both rely on.
The AN/ALQ-214 Integrated Defensive Electronic Countermeasures (IDECM) system is the next-generation integrated countermeasures system carried by the U.S. Navy and Royal Australian Air Force F/A-18 jet fighter-bomber. It blends sensitive receivers and active countermeasures to form an electronic shield.
"In Eastern Ukraine, these EW systems have proved devastating to Ukrainian radio communications, are capable of jamming unmanned aircraft systems, and can broadcast false GPS signals," the handbook noted. In addition, many are able to spot and locate enemy signals during jamming, which can be paired with artillery to attack high priority targets.
"Certain platforms are used for protection, emitting a signal designed to overload electronic fuses on incoming fires. Guided munitions, both direct and indirect, will either detonate early or change course once they come in contact with one of these bubbles," the report says. "Cyber attacks can effectively shape the battlefield and require very little risk on the part of the perpetrator. Since U.S. formations operate under self-imposed restrictions like ethical hacking and prioritizing protective measures over offensives in the cyber realm, they are limited in their capabilities compared to Russian counterparts."
Accessible technology
But various levels of EW and CW are not limited to peer and near-peer opponents; with easily acquired technologies and Internet manuals, they also are being used by small nation-states with limited conventional military capability, as well as non-state threats such as ISIS.
To deal with this evolving new threat, in March 2018 Marine Corps Commandant Gen. Robert Neller ordered the creation of a Marine cyberspace field and the recruitment of an additional 1,100 active-duty Marines to perform new jobs involving cyber weapons and offensive and defensive CW/EW operations. Many of the new Marines are with the new Marine Expeditionary Force Information Group (MIG).
A planning document for the still developing MIG indicates it will provide Marines with the ability to conduct hybrid electronic and cyber warfare tasks, including spreading misinformation, providing electronic battlefield awareness, and attacking enemy networks.
As CW and EW have grown in importance, areas where they overlap have increased, leading some to suggest merging them into a single operational capability. For the U.S. military, that effort is being led by the Army.
Curtiss-Wright Defense Solutions offers a pre-integrated rugged embedded computer to help speed development of deployed software-defined radio (SDR) and electronic warfare (EW) applications.
"EW and Cyber can enable each other and the common piece tying them together is spectrum," says Army Col. Marty Hagenston, project manager for EW and Cyber in the Army's Program Executive Office of Intelligence, Electronic Warfare, and Sensors.
Electronic warfare essentially has several components, Hagenston says: software-defined radios (SDR); antennas and apertures; techniques; and command and control. "SDR, which are the brains and power amplifiers; antennas and apertures, both directional, direction finding and receiving; techniques, where the state-of-the-art in EW are the refined exquisite techniques, and command and control battle management, the ability to visualize the spectrum. In all of this, it becomes an integration effort, not only within the technologies, but within adjacent systems."
EW integration
During a cyber security panel discussion hosted in January 2018 by the Association of the United States Army's Institute of Land Warfare, some of the Army's top EW and CW officers discussed how they are approaching the integration of CW, EW, SIGINT, and other military intelligence operations. It centers on the integration of Army cyber, EW, SIGINT, and military intelligence operations to tackle growing cyber threats from around the globe.
Maj. Gen. John B. Morrison Jr., commanding general of the Army's Cyber Center of Excellence at Fort Gordon, Ga., told the conference all of those elements need to be brought together to deliver the desired results effectively. To that end, EW professionals are moving into the Army's cyber branch — a move that could be completed by October.
"The reality is that we're already moving in that direction now and have begun doing mobile training teams for our EW professionals," he added. "The service is planning to prioritize flexibility. It was an unnatural act for the Army to sit there and see two disparate centers of excellence bring together one integrated requirement, but I'm very pleased with how the Army reacted to it."
Maj. Gen. Patricia A. Frost, director of cyber at the Army's Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff, told the conference the Army also is working rapidly to develop CW/EW technologies in close cooperation with industry and academia.
"We're not going to wait the six to ten years of building the perfect piece of kit. We're going to look at prototyping and a risk reduction and risk mitigation methodology," she said.
The requirements going to those partners also will be open to new approaches, Morrison says: "What you're going to see inside these documents are operationally based requirements. We are going to set it in such a manner that we can do iterative development."
The Northrop Grumman MQ-4C Triton long-range maritime patrol unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is getting in on the electronic warfare game with a scheduled advanced signals intelligence package to enable the UAV to replace the manned EP-3 SIGINT aircraft.
Integrating EW and CW
Cooperation and collaboration in future EW and CW capabilities by the U.S. Army are being driven by the actions of others, such as Russia and China, who have openly announced their intentions to become dominant in those areas as quickly as possible.
China, for example, recently established the Strategic Support Force (SSF) within the People's Liberation Army (PLA) to fight and win in the information space as a single entity to conduct electronic, information and cyber warfare. While few details have emerged, it is expected that CW, EW, space, and possibly psychological operations forces will merge into a single information warfare service, tasked with network attack and defense, ISR, navigation, jamming, and disruption of adversary command, control, communications, computers, surveillance, and reconnaissance (C4ISR). Successful implementation also could improve the flow of information across the PLA and be a driving force for research on advanced EW capabilities.
With EW and CW becoming ubiquitous components of modern conflicts – and especially Russian and Chinese efforts to seize the technology lead – the U.S. is in a position it has not experienced in decades – playing catch-up.
"In the '90s, the Army sort of gave up on EW, with an eye on joint systems that could provide those," Hagenston explains. "As the Army went through 15 years of war, EW came up again, somewhat differently in the counter-terrorism fight in Iraq and Afghanistan, mostly in a defensive nature. The Army has turned the corner, now facing near-peers. EW has taken on a whole new meaning for the Army as it is integrated into tactical formations.
"As the Army is trying to figure it out through the requirements process and research efforts, we're actually delivering against operational problems from units that are forward-deployed against those near-peers," Hagenston continues. "Those operational-needs statements help us inform the SOTA [state of the art] and programs of record. The Army has committed to making those investments and deploying limited capability to targeted units to get direct user feedback so we can refine our programs and get them out to the whole Army."
The nature of the CW/EW relationship remains one of debate and complexity, however.
CW and EW relationship
"There is a constant conversation on what is Cyber EW or does it stand alone," says Harris's Dunn. "Using cyber attack, EW provides the bullet using the RF spectrum, so EW can be used both defensively and offensively to insert cyber attacks into threat networks. Where the lines are between the two has not yet been settled."
Luc Dondainas, business development manager for communications intelligence and counter-electronic support measures for Rohde & Schwarz GmbH in Munich says he does not see a merger of EW and CW, despite growing levels of interaction.
"It's more a matter of complementary rather than overlap — the physical environment that enables EW to get closer to cyberspace," Dondainas says. "They are working closer, with more and more coordination, but sometimes it is better to have them separated. So far, I don't see them becoming combined," he says, adding that also can be part of the disconnect between what is wanted and what is possible.
"The shortfalls in terms of what the customers want and what industry can provide can be a weird situation, Dondainas continues. "From a receiver or signal-processing point-of-view, it is conceivable to have what the customer wants, but from an integration perspective, it is not possible to fit everything on a small long-endurance platform. So it is an integration effort not only to have the most modern system, but also to have them integrated into the constraints of the sensor platform."
As with nearly every aspect of military weaponry and capabilities, EW began as large comparatively limited fixed systems on large manned aircraft, ships, and land vehicles. The first two decades of the 21st century, however, saw increasing miniaturization, extended range, and mobility, which has become a primary goal.
"For the Army, a common dismounted platform is being developed for soldiers to carry around. At the mobile level, our major constraint is those platforms already in the Army as part of the maneuver capability that EW supports," The Army's Hagenston says. "If you are in a Stryker-based formation, the EW system should be Stryker-based. So it depends on the formation – some heavy platform for a heavy brigade combat team, some manpacked stuff, and lighter-weight vehicles that can be air-landed or airdropped for a light infantry formation."
EW is all about the threats and being one step ahead of them, Harris's Dunn adds.
Staying ahead of the threat
"EW systems continue to evolve as weapons systems evolve, and we need to be ahead of those in terms of situational awareness: where are the threats, what are their intentions, and what do we do to counter those threats," Dunn says. "From the perspective of where technologies are going, EW is moving to where the world is moving – software-defined (SD) technology."
Software-defined technology "allows you to be reconfigurable," Dunn says. "For example, if you're doing an ISR mission with 10 disrupters collecting data and move into contested airspace, you currently have three options: go home, continue the mission and hope you don't get shot down, or call for help. With a small-form-factor SD system, you can reprogram one or two modules to do electronic attack, so the system is now protecting the platform while in contested airspace. And you can reprogram them back to ISR when you leave contested airspace."
David C. Jedynak, chief technology officer at Curtiss-Wright Defense Solutions in Ashburn, Va., says a lot of new EW systems are being reduced to boards that are embedded with high-performance onboard computing, data fusion, and greatly improving mobility.
"If you are able to do EW in smaller sizes than in the past, you can add that capability to platforms that couldn't handle them before," Jedynak says. "You also can do high-end number crunching and increase the performance of traditional platforms."
Processing, he ways, is critical for mobile electronic warfare systems. Enabling technologies included general-purpose graphics processing (GPGPU) boards and field-programmable gate array (FPGA) boards. "With an FPGA, you can really optimize the data path. If you are worried about jamming, you need a low latency rate from the input to output, which FPGA is very good at."
Jedynak says systems designers can visualize electronic warfare in terms of RF waveforms and cyber warfare in terms of bits that ride on waveforms. In this way, signals intelligence could become part of an offensive cyber attack. "If you also can start inserting things into the signal, rather than just listening to it, attacking a system through its use of some waveform, is it EW or is it Cyber? You're manipulating the waveforms, but you're also doing things at the bits level."
Future of mobile EW
The future evolution of mobile EW will see more advances in those areas, especially miniaturization, giving EW capability a presence at all levels, throughout the battlespace.
"SDR and its miniaturization are really the enabling technologies that have advanced EW, ground SIGINT, communications," the Army's Hagenston notes. "That's probably the number-one technology. The other, which will never go away, are antennas and apertures to collect and transmit things at different waveforms, which cause your SWaP [size, weight, and power consumption] to increase or decrease, depending on the waveform you're trying to get. Techniques are hosted on the SDR and it also can be used for command and control."
Now consider adding advanced technologies like machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI), he suggests. "The single biggest thing is convergence, which comes with machine learning to handle all the data. With an EW system, as capabilities become more and more digitized, you start to look at one component doing multiple functions. You're heading more toward SDR-type concepts. From a SWaP standpoint, if you can do multifunction from one system rather than using separate systems, that can be a big benefit in terms of acquisition cycles, platform integration, and training costs. It may be much more complex, but it has a lot more capability."
The ever-increasing amount of raw data gathered from various intelligence capabilities is leading many to see some level of artificial intelligence as integral to the long-term requirements of EW systems.
The role of artificial intelligence
"For the next generation, integration of AI, neural networks, to offload the cognitive burden from the analyst/operator, will be key. Cognitive EW is nirvana for EW," Hagenston says.
"There is no doubt AI will play an important role in mobile EW systems," Dunn agrees. "It's all about being able to react quicker, identify faster, and suppress effectively. All the AI efforts and algorithms are being driven to provide those capabilities faster, from threat identification as soon as possible to where is it and where is it going.
"Being able to understand intent faster is a needed capability, along with the fastest way to suppress it. Radar technology is moving as quickly as the EW side, using all those algorithms to better see their threats. But you always want your EW technology to stay ahead of that technology curve."
Lothar Kisling, director of signals intelligence and electronic warfare at Rohde & Schwarz in Munich, is less impressed with the current and near-term potential of AI, however.
"The advanced algorithms and AI we have looked at so far are not really suitable to deal with the raw data generated by many sensors," Kisling says. "A lot of people think AI is the go-to thing if you have that much data, but it turns out it currently is better to have a classic processing approach, then apply AI to look for patterns and identify similarities or new things coming up. Both are very helpful now and even more so in the future, when they can turn processed data into something that is readable by the analysts. But I don't see AI being used directly after the analog-to-digital converter in the near future."
As the U.S. works to maintain the technology lead it has long enjoyed, the current trend – certainly for the Army – is multifunction, being able to adjust to offense or defense on the fly, with the help of SDR technology.
"Active and passive engagement systems are part of the multifunctional system," Hagenston says. "Platform range for the Army is always tactically relevant – very close for the infantry. Networking will have to be some kind of protected communications so you can collect and communicate in a denied environment. Onboard computing and fusion, especially in a saturated spectrum, will be necessary to sense the environment and pick needles out of needle stacks." 
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Walking Dead Issues, Comics, Walking Dead Volumes,
Volume 28: A Certain Doom
This article is about the Comic Series volume. You may be looking for the TV Series episode.
A Certain Doom
Volume 27: The Whisperer War Volume 29: Lines We Cross
(TBA)
Volume 28: A Certain Doom is the twenty-eighth volume of Image Comics' The Walking Dead that includes issues 163-168.
In the aftermath of The Whisperer War–ALL IS LOST.
2.1 Main Characters
2.2 Supporting Characters
2.3 Minor Characters
Rick and Dwight are shocked to hear the herd so close to Alexandria. Andrea arrives and tells Rick she will gather the horses despite Rick's protests. Dwight tells Rick she will be fine, and heads off to help.
Eugene tells Rick he is going to help lead the herd away. Annie warns the others that they are close. Siddiq asks Rick if they should be evacuating, but Rick says there is no time for that and the walls will hold. Siddiq tells Rick he is about the only man in the world he trusts with his life and not to let them down.
The riders get ready to lead the herd away from Alexandria. Rick tells Eugene they will use the bullets he brought to take down any roamers they are unable to lead away. Siddiq opens the gate and Eugene leads the way.
Annie yells that the herd is in range. Siddiq tells Paula that they will be fine, but she is not so sure. Rick discusses the plan as Negan arrives. Rick tells him he will not get a gun and to go back inside.
A lot of the herd fall into the trenches as they approach Alexandria. Eugene realizes there are too many and they will only be able to shave off a hundred or so at a time. Andrea insists the plan will still work. Jesus questions if they can pull it off due to the size of the herd, and Michonne tells him they will not let the Whisperers win. She climbs down from her horse and starts killing roamers by herself, telling Jesus they will take turns until they have cleared them all.
Back at Alexandria, Rick instructs the others to get their knives out as the herd gathers near the fence. Negan charges forward and orders everyone to start killing the roamers. Rick tells them to listen to the man. The roamers continue to push against the fence and eventually knock it down. Rick tells everyone to get back as Paula is overrun. She asks Rick to find Mikey and keep him safe before being devoured. Rick is knocked to the ground as the others run away. The herd closes in on him, when Negan suddenly stabs one in the head and helps Rick up. He asks if this makes up for everything, and tells Rick he is a hard man to please as he helps him escape.
Meanwhile, John is watching the herd overrun Alexandria through a pair of binoculars. Tara asks him what is going on, and he replies this is going to be a hell of a show.
At the same time, Maggie, Carl and the Hilltop residents arrive at Alexandria to find it overrun. Lydia reassures Carl that doesn't mean his father is dead, and Maggie tells him she's right. Michonne and Jesus show up and Maggie and Dante offer to help them lead the herd away. Carl wants to go, but Maggie tells him he is not a good enough rider and to tell Brianna what she's doing. She asks him to watch the area and keep Hershel safe, and he agrees.
In Alexandria, Rick and Negan are escaping the herd. Rick tells him to run ahead and open a door, which he does, and Rick begs him to wait for him. Negan pulls him inside and slams the door closed. He asks if he thought he was going to lock him out at the last minute and mentions that the others were scared and ran right past him. Rick stays silent. Negan says that they are alike and should get along so much better. Rick tells him that ship has sailed.
Andrea sounds the horn to lead the herd away. Magna and Yumiko return to help her. Connie is in bed recovering and asks what all the noise is, but Kelly tells her it's nothing to worry about. Siddiq and Annie take shelter in Eugene's house and notice his radio equipment on the table.
Negan asks Rick what the worst thing he's ever done is. Rick tells him to fuck off, and Negan teases him about his use of the word. He says they are just killing time, and Rick says it's hard to narrow it down but the worst thing he ever did was live when so many others who should have didn't. Negan agrees and reflects on the people who were too weak and he watched die. He says that eventually he started to see everyone as weak which made it easier to 'bash a man's brains in'. He tells Rick he knows what he did was wrong and he helped him to see that which is why he stayed in the cell, brought back Alpha's head and saved his life. He then says the worst thing he ever did was leave his wife to rot because he couldn't put her down himself.
Eugene and Heath have led some of the herd away and plan to go back for more. Heath tells Eugene he is impressed by his skills at leading them away, and Eugene says they are simple creatures to figure out and that thanks to Rick, he's safe enough to pay attention to detail. Heath tells him he almost looks forward to days like these because ever since he lost his leg, he feels most useful on a horse. Eugene says it is good for him too, and they head back to Alexandria.
Dwight tells Laura they need to lead more of the herd away and asks her to fire a few shots. She says they will get surrounded, but Dwight orders her to do it. She fires her gun and the roamers start to follow them. They run into Andrea, Magna and Yumiko and he tells her to sound the horn. Eugene and Heath return to help.
Negan tells Rick it is starting to thin out. Rick stands up and says he wants to do something instead of hiding all day. Negan tells him no and that he will do something, but Rick has to stay. He tells him to stay by the door and cover him, and not to shoot him unless he still thinks he deserves it. Rick says nothing, and Negan asks if he can believe they are working together.
On the perimeter, Carl tells the Hilltop residents to gather their weapons because they need to help the others. Lydia smiles at him.
Meanwhile, Tara asks John how things are looking. He says it's time to pack up and get ready to go. In a couple of hours, they can go in and clean up what's left.
Back in Alexandria, Rick watches from the door as Negan kills roamers outside. Just as he is commenting that nobody gets bit these days, a roamer attacks him from behind, but Rick shoots it. He covers Negan as he dives back inside the house. He tells Rick he saved his life and asks if they are becoming friends. Rick suggests they try a different door.
In Eugene's house, Siddiq is trying the radio. Annie tells him she hears gunshots and it is time to fight back. Siddiq swears he heard a a woman's voice on the radio, but Annie says they should go and will worry about that later.
Kelly is about to go outside to help clear the roamers, but Connie insists she will go with him. Dwight, Laura, and Heath are clearing roamers outside Alexandria. Maggie, Michonne, Jesus, and Dante have led some of the herd away, but Jesus comments it is still too close.
Magna asks where Eugene is. Andrea says he was lagging behind. Eugene appears and asks if the plan is working. Roamers tumble into the ocean. They comment on how the area is ruined and they will need to warn Pete in case he did any fishing there. Magna says they should head back, but Eugene notices some stragglers and Andrea orders them to get the horses.
Back in Alexandria, the residents continue to fight the herd. Vincent leads a group as Julia asks if he is scared. He says he is too scared to be scared. Connie insists Kelly let her help. He says he will never let her get hurt again.
Andrea and Eugene work to keep the herd together. Eugene doesn't know how much more he can take, but Andrea insists he keep going. Michonne and Jesus continue to drive the herd towards the coast. Carl instructs the Hilltop residents to let the roamers come to them. He asks Lydia if she is OK, and she says she feels alive.
Dwight asks Laura where Heath went. Heath is thrown to the ground by John – the Saviors have arrived. John punches Dwight and asks Sherry if there are any restrictions due to them once being close. Sherry says he chose his side as John grabs Dwight by the throat.
Maggie and Dante rejoin Michonne and Jesus. Michonne suggests they stay put and make sure the roamers head for the ocean. Dante says he hopes Alexandria is still standing or they won't have a place to sleep tonight. Maggie reminds him of their priorities, and he says he is worried about the people too. Jesus notices horses in the distance.
Andrea, Eugene, Magna, and Yumiko are surrounded. As they ride away, Eugene asks Andrea to give him the horn so he can distract some of the herd. Andrea is reluctant, but Eugene takes the horn and tells her to go. Eugene blows the horn, but is soon thrown from his horse. As the roamers surround him, Andrea shoots them and tells him to run. Magna and Yumiko shoot as Andrea rides in to save Eugene. He tells her to leave him, but she refuses. Magna says they're not going to make it as they both climb back on the horse. Magna is relieved, until she notices Andrea's face – she has seemingly been bit on the neck.
Magna looks at Andrea's neck in horror. Andrea insists they don't have time to dwell on it and must continue to drive the herd towards the ocean.
In Alexandria, Negan tells Rick to stay behind him. Siddiq, Annie and Vincent join them in clearing the herd with their blades. As Rick goes to kill a roamer, he sees Carl. They hug and Rick asks why he's there. Carl explains the Whisperers burned down the Hilltop. Lydia tells Rick that Carl rallied the group to help and he'd be as proud of him as she was. Rick asks where Maggie is and Carl explains she and Dante went to help Michonne and Jesus divert the herd. As a large group of roamers approach, they are quickly gunned down from behind – Sherry and the the Saviors have arrived with Heath, Dwight and Laura hostage.
Sherry tells Rick and the others to put their weapons away. She tells Rick they've had enough and don't want to be part of his 'little club' anymore. Rick asks if they are trying to turn them into enemies, and John says they are trying to send a message. Sherry interrupts when she spots Negan and he asks if they missed him. Dwight and Laura tackle the Saviors holding them hostage and steal their guns. Sherry insists they are outgunned, but Dwight tells her all it takes is one bullet to stop them. Rick orders them all to lower their weapons. Dwight tells Rick he shouldn't trust them, but Rick tells Sherry they should talk inside so that nobody has to die over this.
Inside the house, Rick asks Sherry what she wants. She tells him she wants out and if they try to stop her, they may just take over Alexandria. Rick explains that they are all part of a network and help each other. She mentions how Negan is on Rick's side now. She flips the table and charges at Rick, telling him she won't let him intimidate her into surrendering. She tells him he should be the one afraid of her. She goes on to explain how everything she has had to put up with has taken its toll. She says the days of falling in line and letting Rick tell them what to do are over and she slaps him across the face. She pulls out her knife and insists the world would be a better place without people like him. Rick kicks her away and asks if she has lost her mind. She tackles him to the ground and starts to strangle him. Rick shoves her off and she snaps her neck against the table.
Rick looks shocked as he realizes Sherry is dead. Andrea appears and he insists it was an accident. Andrea falls to the ground and Rick rushes to her aid. He asks if she is okay, and she says no as she reveals the wound on her neck to a horrified Rick.
Rick cries as he realizes Andrea has been bit. She apologizes before she passes out, and Rick screams for help. Michonne rushes in and explains what happened. Dwight arrives and runs straight to Sherry's dead body and asks what she did. Rick tells him she tried to stab him and it was an accident, but Dwight looks suspicious. Rick and Michonne carry Andrea away.
Rick is sitting by Andrea's side as she lays in their bed. Rick asks how it happened, and she explains that Eugene was surrounded and she was careless. Rick starts to cry and Andrea insists he leave and pull himself together. Carl arrives and Andrea asks if he is still with Lydia. He says yes, and Andrea tells him a relationship is what he makes of it and being happy is the most important thing.
Outside the room, Michonne sits next to Rick. He admits he doesn't know where to go from here. Michonne tells him he's going to do what they always do – keep living. She reminds him what he told her after they found Ezekiel and that's what helped her get by. He thanks her and she says she will always be there for him until she isn't. Eugene apologizes and blames himself. Rick tells him to pull himself together and they hug.
All the citizens of Alexandria - including Negan - say their goodbyes to Andrea. Afterwards, Rick tells her that even after all the sacrifices he's made and learned from, he still couldn't protect her. Andrea says she's not special and they're just like everyone else. She is grateful that she is comfortable in her bed, dying surrounded by the people who loved her.
Rick contemplates what will happen with the Saviors when they find out about Sherry. Andrea tells him to let Dwight handle it and insists Carl go to bed and she will see him in the morning. He hugs her and tells her he loves her. As Andrea begins to succumb to the infection, Rick says that he can't go on without her and he can't do this anymore. Andrea sits up and yells that he can and that people still need him otherwise this was all for nothing. Rick tells her he loves her, and Andrea smiles.
Andrea dies during the night. Rick tearfully picks up his gun and points it at her head before throwing it back down on the nightstand. He hugs her and says he can't do this without her and he can't keep pretending to be strong. Andrea reanimates and grabs Rick by the shirt. He pushes her away but she knocks him off the bed and lands on top of him. Rick grabs his gun but it is knocked from his hand. He pulls out his knife and tearfully stabs Andrea in the head.
Rick heads outside, where everyone is waiting for him. Carl apologizes and they hug as the rest of the citizens comfort each other. Rick tells them to follow him – they still have so much to do.
As everyone tries to come to terms with Andrea's death, Dwight approaches Rick and tells him he got everyone organized and everything back in working order. Rick thanks him and tries to apologize for Sherry's death, but Dwight tells him he doesn't need to.
John calls out to Rick and tells him that they respected Andrea and they are sorry for his loss. Rick tells them that he appreciates everything they have done and hopes this can bring them closer to peace. John asks where Sherry is, and Rick tries to remind him where they were before they began to cooperate. John demands to know where Sherry is, and Rick admits she is dead. John points his gun at Rick and tells him any hope for peace died with Sherry. Dwight pulls his gun and tells Rick to go inside, but Rick insists everyone stays calm before explaining that Sherry attacked him and her death was an accident.
Negan steps forward and insists that he handle the situation. He tells the Saviors that they are alive thanks to him and Rick. He offers them the chance to go back to how things were when he was in charge. Dwight starts to panic, but Rick insists they let him finish. Mark is the only one who comes forward. Negan punches him in the face and questions why he of all people would want to go back to how things were after what Negan did to him. Negan turns to John and says that he knows deep down he didn't want to follow Sherry's plan and he is relieved that she's dead. John points his gun at Negan, who explains that Sherry was never happy without problems to solve so she made one herself and because of that, she died. Negan says they should use that to bring peace to the group and no one will have to die - on their side or his. Maggie looks on angrily. He tells them to pack up and go home, but a time will come when they will need each other's help and that's what it is all about. The Saviors start to leave, and Negan offers his condolences to Rick.
As everyone helps to rebuild Alexandria, Maggie and Michonne carry Andrea's body outside as Rick and Carl hug. They hold a funeral for those who died. Annie comforts Mikey over his mother's death while Jesus tells Aaron that he found Gabriel's body. Eugene blames himself for Andrea's death, but Maggie insists it wasn't his fault.
Back inside, Carl tries to comfort a despondent Rick before going to bed with Lydia. Rick takes off his shirt and his prosthetic arm before heading outside, and he falls asleep at Andrea's grave.
Rick Grimes (6/6)
Carl Grimes (5/6)
Andrea Grimes (6/6)
Sophia (2/6)
Maggie Greene (4/6)
Michonne Hawthorne (5/6)
Eugene Porter (6/6)
Paul Monroe (5/6)
Dwight (6/6)
Negan (6/6)
Aaron (2/6)
Heath (6/6)
Mikey (1/6)
Paula (1/6)
Earl Sutton (5/6)
Brianna (2/6)
Tara (5/6)
John (5/6)
Sherry (4/6)
Mark (3/6)
Magna (6/6)
Yumiko (6/6)
Kelly (4/6)
Connie (4/6)
Hershel Greene (2/6)
Dante (3/6)
Lydia (5/6)
Vincent (6/6)
Laura (6/6)
Annie (6/6)
Julia (5/6)
Andrea Grimes (Alive and Zombified)
1 unnamed horse
Volume 1: Days Gone Bye Issue 1 • Issue 2 • Issue 3 • Issue 4 • Issue 5 • Issue 6
Volume 2: Miles Behind Us Issue 7 • Issue 8 • Issue 9 • Issue 10 • Issue 11 • Issue 12
Volume 3: Safety Behind Bars Issue 13 • Issue 14 • Issue 15 • Issue 16 • Issue 17 • Issue 18
Volume 4: The Heart's Desire Issue 19 • Issue 20 • Issue 21 • Issue 22 • Issue 23 • Issue 24
Volume 5: The Best Defense Issue 25 • Issue 26 • Issue 27 • Issue 28 • Issue 29 • Issue 30
Volume 6: This Sorrowful Life Issue 31 • Issue 32 • Issue 33 • Issue 34 • Issue 35 • Issue 36
Volume 7: The Calm Before Issue 37 • Issue 38 • Issue 39 • Issue 40 • Issue 41 • Issue 42
Volume 8: Made To Suffer Issue 43 • Issue 44 • Issue 45 • Issue 46 • Issue 47 • Issue 48
Volume 9: Here We Remain Issue 49 • Issue 50 • Issue 51 • Issue 52 • Issue 53 • Issue 54
Volume 10: What We Become Issue 55 • Issue 56 • Issue 57 • Issue 58 • Issue 59 • Issue 60
Volume 11: Fear The Hunters Issue 61 • Issue 62 • Issue 63 • Issue 64 • Issue 65 • Issue 66
Volume 12: Life Among Them Issue 67 • Issue 68 • Issue 69 • Issue 70 • Issue 71 • Issue 72
Volume 13: Too Far Gone Issue 73 • Issue 74 • Issue 75 • Issue 76 • Issue 77 • Issue 78
Volume 14: No Way Out Issue 79 • Issue 80 • Issue 81 • Issue 82 • Issue 83 • Issue 84
Volume 15: We Find Ourselves Issue 85 • Issue 86 • Issue 87 • Issue 88 • Issue 89 • Issue 90
Volume 16: A Larger World Issue 91 • Issue 92 • Issue 93 • Issue 94 • Issue 95 • Issue 96
Volume 17: Something To Fear Issue 97 • Issue 98 • Issue 99 • Issue 100 • Issue 101 • Issue 102
Volume 18: What Comes After Issue 103 • Issue 104 • Issue 105 • Issue 106 • Issue 107 • Issue 108
Volume 19: March To War Issue 109 • Issue 110 • Issue 111 • Issue 112 • Issue 113 • Issue 114
Volume 20: All Out War - Part One Issue 115 • Issue 116 • Issue 117 • Issue 118 • Issue 119 • Issue 120
Volume 21: All Out War - Part Two Issue 121 • Issue 122 • Issue 123 • Issue 124 • Issue 125 • Issue 126
Volume 22: A New Beginning Issue 127 • Issue 128 • Issue 129 • Issue 130 • Issue 131 • Issue 132
Volume 23: Whispers Into Screams Issue 133 • Issue 134 • Issue 135 • Issue 136 • Issue 137 • Issue 138
Volume 24: Life And Death Issue 139 • Issue 140 • Issue 141 • Issue 142 • Issue 143 • Issue 144
Volume 25: No Turning Back Issue 145 • Issue 146 • Issue 147 • Issue 148 • Issue 149 • Issue 150
Volume 26: Call To Arms Issue 151 • Issue 152 • Issue 153 • Issue 154 • Issue 155 • Issue 156
Volume 27: The Whisperer War Issue 157 • Issue 158 • Issue 159 • Issue 160 • Issue 161 • Issue 162
Volume 28: A Certain Doom Issue 163 • Issue 164 • Issue 165 • Issue 166 • Issue 167 • Issue 168
Volume 29: Lines We Cross Issue 169 • Issue 170 • Issue 171 • Issue 172 • Issue 173 • Issue 174
Volume 30: New World Order Issue 175 • Issue 176 • Issue 177 • Issue 178 • Issue 179 • Issue 180
Volume 31: The Rotten Core Issue 181 • Issue 182 • Issue 183 • Issue 184 • Issue 185 • Issue 186
Volume 32: Rest In Peace Issue 187 • Issue 188 • Issue 189 • Issue 190 • Issue 191 • Issue 192 • Issue 193
Retrieved from "https://walkingdead.fandom.com/wiki/Volume_28:_A_Certain_Doom?oldid=1436869"
Walking Dead Issues
Walking Dead Volumes


To deal with a familiar combination of falling currencies and uncertainty about economic growth, Asian central banks are reverting to their classic policy playbook. They are intervening in currency markets while concurrently injecting cash into their economies.
In Indonesia, the rupiah has fallen 5 percent in three months. Bank Indonesia has persistently sold dollars to put a floor under its currency. At the same time, it is buying bonds to replenish the rupiah it has absorbed through that intervention.
While Bank Indonesia says it is willing to raise rates if need be to defend the rupiah, analysts suspect it is loath to do so.
"This is all very well, until it doesn't necessarily work," said Claudio Piron, a strategist with Bank of America Merrill Lynch in Singapore.
Trying to stabilize currencies while resisting the need to raise interest rates is a challenge, he said.
While Malaysia and Thailand can count on their local pension funds and state institutions to support the bond market in a crisis, that support isn't as clear cut in India and Indonesia.
India is therefore liberalizing bond investment rules to entice more foreigners.
Bank Indonesia spent about $6 billion of its reserves in February-March to defend the rupiah. The currency has over the past couple of weeks stabilized around 13,950 per dollar.


Here we are, halfway through August – a month I so lovingly like to compare to walking into a furnace. Although it feels like it may never be nice outside again, I find myself feeling optimistic these days – despite the heat waves that keep hitting us here in Tel Aviv.
Throughout the summer, shoes that aren't flip flops are considered a rarity on the streets of Tel Aviv. Unfortunately – I have yet to find a replacement for my favorite pair of flip flops, which were stolen at the beach last summer, while I was surfing. I have therefore been walking around town all summer, wearing decent shoes, as if I were an actual grown-up!
Because they're closed but also not closed, providing much needed ventilation while steering clear of my fear to commit.
May Air Conditioners follow us wherever we go!
Hi, I'm Yael Kimelman. Born and raised in Tel Aviv, I created Life by B as a way to express my daily inspiration, thoughts and love of everything that is beautiful on planet earth. Life by B is a personal look inside my world of style, fashion, food, beauty, travel and design.


Established in October 2007, ANZPAA is a joint initiative of Australian and New Zealand Police Commissioners (ANZPAA's Board). In the role of forecaster, advisor and facilitator we proactively partner with agencies to identify opportunities for improved performance that results in better community safety outcomes in Australia and New Zealand.
ANZPAA is comprised of three directorates: Strategic Services, Corporate Services and the ANZPAA National Institute of Forensic Science (ANZPAA NIFS).
Driving excellence in Australia and New Zealand Policing.
ANZPAA will proactively partner with agencies and identify opportunities for improved performance that results in better community safety outcomes in Australia and New Zealand.


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Posts Tagged 'Collateral Damage'
My schedule for NYCC 2019
My preliminary schedule for New York Comic Con (NYCC) 2019 includes both panels and signings!
THURSDAY, OCT 3
12:15 – 1:15 PM
PANEL: Picard 2020: A Literary Retrospective
Veteran authors David Mack and John Jackson Miller look back on the life and career of Starfleet officer Captain Jean-Luc Picard, as depicted in the official Star Trek tie-in novels and comics over the past 15 years.
— Room 1A18
SIGNING: Panelists of "Picard 2020: A Literary Retrospective"
— Hall 1A, Table AA01
Due to factors beyond my control, this panel and its signing have been canceled, to my great disappointment.
FRIDAY, OCT 4
PANEL: From 1969 to the Future—Stories in Space!
Long before Neil Armstrong set foot on the moon, people have been inspired to travel among the stars. Half a century after that historic moment, authors Kass Morgan (The 100, Supernova), Peter F. Hamilton (Salvation Lost), Elizabeth Bear (Ancestral Night), and David Mack (Star Trek, Farscape) blast off to exciting destinations in the universe, accompanied by Maryelizabeth Yturralde (Mysterious Galaxy)!
SIGNING: Panelists, "From 1969 to the Future—Stories in Space!"
SIGNING: STAR TREK AUTHOR
David Mack, Star Trek: The Next Generation – Collateral Damage
— Booth 2128 (Simon & Schuster)
I will also be hanging around the S&S booth on Saturday, October 5, looking to persuade readers to shell out their cash on early-release copies of Collateral Damage. If you're at the show, come say "hi!"
Posted by David Mack 15 Sep 2019, 6:01 PM
Film & TV Representation
SEAN DAILY
Literary Representation
David Mack is the New York Times bestselling author of more than thirty novels of science fiction, fantasy, and adventure, including the Star Trek Destiny and Cold Equations trilogies. His writing credits span several media, including television (for episodes of Star Trek: Deep Space Nine), film, short fiction, magazines, and comic books. He resides in New York City.
Dark Arts: The Shadow Commission
The assassination of President Kennedy triggers a global hunt for the world's mages. Outnumbered, on the run, and outgunned, Cade Martin and Anja Kernova have only one hope for survival: hunt down their mysterious enemies The Shadow Commission.
B&N Nook
Dark Arts: The Midnight Front
On the eve of World War II, young American scholar Cade Martin joins the Allies' top-secret magickal warfare unit to avenge his murdered family—and to try to save the world from the Nazis' war machine.
Tor / Macmillan
Macmillan Digital
Apple iBook
© 2020 David Mack, all rights reserved. | Site design: Clockpunk Studios | Header art: Jordan Grimmer


CASCAID brings together colleagues from around the asset management industry (and friends and family) to raise money for charity. After a successful 2017, when we raised over £2.35 million for CRUK, CASCAID is now fundraising for Great Ormond Street Hospital.
CASCAID is led by our Ambassadors – individuals who undertake challenges, organise events and galvanise others to raise money. Fundraising events are on an individual basis, within teams, on a company level and across the industry. CASCAID aims to get lots of people supporting this amazing charity in lots of different ways. Our aim is to build a new cardiac catheter lab for GOSH – their current one is not fit for purpose.


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Author Archives: tselmuun319
Tselmuun's Bridge to the Blog
Today in class, we analyzed "Southern Gothic" and "Incident" from the Native Guards, and since these two poems are very rich in meaning I thought I would share some of my interpretations.
In Southern Gothic, Trethewey lays down on the bed that her parents used to share and revisits her childhood in a dream.
"framing the separate lives they'll wake to. Dreaming,
I am again the child with too many questions – "
Once again she is the child with many questions, however, she is yet to realize that the answers are far more complicated as she contemplates the past in her dream. Trethewey also seems to demonstrate her disappointment at a subject which she didn't understand upon the time it happened.
"my mother cannot answer, her mouth closed, a gesture
toward her future: cold lips stitched shut."
In the lines above, her mother is unable to answer her questions because she's just an image in a dream. On the other hand, the author also seems to imply that her mother's lips are "stitched shut" because of the consequence already happened and nothing could change the past.
Whereas in Incident, Trethewey narrates about the Ku Klux Klan visiting their house. The repetition of words "no one came", "nothing really happened" seems to reinforce the message that it the history was retold so many times that it lost its' impact.
"We tell the story every year –
how we peered from the windows, shades drawn –
though nothing really happened,
the charred grass now green again."
The line that says "the charred grass now green again" could also to refer that the disturbing consequences of history is just an incident because everything is fixed like the charred grass is green again.
Finally, I also want to stress the line "we tell the story every year" which is an opening and ending of the poem. Trethewey could be referring to "we" as the black community and how they tell the story every year in a hope that people would acknowledge the ugly truth of the past. However, the white-supremacists/public are indifferent to the story because the KKK is seen as angels not murderers or criminals.
"It seemed the angels had gathered, white men in their gowns."
These are just my rambling thoughts, what were your opinions?
This entry was posted in Uncategorized on April 12, 2016 by tselmuun319.
Tselmuun's Postcolonial analysis of Pocahontas
Today in class we discussed about the Postcolonial criticism: a theory that analyzes psychological, ideological, social, political and intellectual aspects of the relationship between the colonizer and the colonized. The principal powers of the colonialism era are Great Britain and other European countries such as France, Germany and Germany which colonized the countries in Africa, Asia and South America. The motives of colonialism were to boost the economic and political power of the colonizing country which, unfortunately comes at the cost of damaging those of the indigenous peoples. Furthermore, the colonizers declare their own culture as the standard and the norm, therefore all the other cultures are seen as inferior. Such phenomenon has resulted in the alienation of the indigenous people even in their own homes, which Bhabha puts it as "unhomeliness".
On the other hand, even as the term "Postcolonial" suggests itself that we're past the colonialism era, the colonialist philosophy still remains, at least in the media. Just like any other kid, I grew up watching Disney movies and embracing the beauties of the princesses. Never did I notice that those cartoons are not an accurate representations of the history as I have watched them around 10 years ago, but I have realized that the romantic love stories or the happy endings overshadow the oppression of the princesses, of which "Pocahontas" is a prime example. She falls in love with John Smith, a man negatively impacting her land and her tribe which later results in the death of Kacaum, a man of her tribe.
In the arrival of the English men, they are referring to Pocahontas' land as a New World, a land they can tame and a source for their prosperity. This is a possible example of neoclassicism: which exploits the natural resources of a land at the expense of its ecological wellbeing for financial benefit. The Governor sees this mission as a chance to prove himself, to the men and women in Britain merely a tool to accomplish his social status. They then refer to the indigenous people as "savages", "filthy heathens" and "injuns". In fact, some of the lyrics say "we'll kill ourselves an injun". The fact that this cartoon presents the Native Americans as savages, gives away the message that it is okay to kill people for their land and their wealth.
Another degrading approach to the culture of Native Americans, was when Pocahontas meets John Smith for the first time and he says that he'll teach them how to use the land properly and how to make the most of it. Moreover, John mentions that savage is just a word, a term for people who are uncivilized. Here, John Smith is persuading Pocahontas to the ideology that civilization is the proper way to live. Another difference between the two cultures, could be seen from the Governor's pet dog and Pocahontas' raccoon Meeko. The pet dog is almost human-like, eats fancy foods and doesn't behave like other animals would, whereas Meeko is smart and normal.
Although its beginning is significantly oppressive of the indigenous culture, the lyrics of "Colors of The Wind" plays a vital role in the positive message of "Pocahontas". In that song, Pocahontas is questioning the belief of the British that different means inferior, as she says everybody is equal no matter what their backgrounds are. Moreover, John Smith and Pocahontas eventually both realize that there is no need for violence and love can overcome hatred; whereas the Governor loses patience and addresses the Native Americans as "barely even human" and "this is what happens when the races are diverse". The British men then understands that Native Americans are not "savages" and they too can understand the language of love and understanding. In conclusion, although major parts of it disappointed me now that I've watched it as a grown up; I guess "Pocahontas" has a decent message in the end.
This entry was posted in Uncategorized on March 24, 2016 by tselmuun319.


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National Identity Politics: Thoughts and Questioning
Shiri Raphaely is an American-Israeli currently living in Israel and working in the human rights field with the Mossawa Center and Friends of the Earth, Middle East. She co-writes on Midthoughtblog.com.
I recently watched The English Patient for the first time. Throughout the film, Count Almasy — the central character — balks against nations and allegiances that become increasingly immutable as World War II progresses. There is a beautiful phrase from the book describing Almasy's love affair with the desert, driven by his revulsion towards boundaries, ownership and nationalism: "The desert could not be claimed or owned — it was a piece of cloth carried by winds, never held down by stones, and given a hundred shifting names before Canterbury existed, long before battles and treaties quilted Europe and the East…All of us, even those with European homes and children in the distance, wished to remove the clothing of our countries."
Throughout the last year, living in a zone of conflict I have often felt an itchy desire to remove my clothing of nationality. This movie spoke to why, perhaps, I have felt so uncomfortable, by honing in on the tragedies that nationalism can create when combined with violence.
I sharply felt my natural tendency to bristle against nationalist labeling when in May 2010, the receptionist at the Haifa office of the Ministry of the Interior refused to stamp my traveler's visa, kindly reminded me that I have been an Israeli citizen since leaving my mother's womb, and set the appointment for me to get a light blue ID card. Now, I can vote; I have a bank account, a phone plan, and an Israeli passport; I am categorized as a toshevet choseret (returning citizen); and I suspect that the officials in the Ministry of the Interior believe I am staying forever. This bureaucratic process transformed by cultural and historical connection to Israel into an official part of my identification. I am no longer an observant visitor but am part of the state system.
My resistance to this labeling does not come from embarrassment but rather is a result of experiencing the very positive and very negative aspects of belonging to a culture/nation/state. On one hand, my Hebrew improved, I found a support network among my parents' childhood friends and made my own friendships. At the same time, I was in the midst of a shocking real life intensive course on the injustices committed by the Israeli government in the name of security. While I was receiving benefits because of my Jewishness, I also felt critical of political actions that appeared increasingly senseless, violent and immoral. They felt against my interests as a Jew and as an Israeli. Against this backdrop, I didn't want my official identification as an Israeli to shut me out of conversation or to implicate me in crimes. Likewise, I also felt that despite officially being Israeli, my American roots made me less legitimate in conversations about Israeli society and politics.
However, I believe there is privilege in two passports — largely because it grants me literal and figurative flexibility. In a sense it enabled me to connect with numerous cultures, since I've never felt attached to a specific one. I view the Israeli element of my identity as a toolbox that I can use to gain further understanding of this region. It allows me access to the emotional struggles and the complications that are abundant within this conflict. It doesn't mean I understand everything, but it's a convenient vehicle for learning. I am connected to individuals here and have built relationships because of shared experiences. That is the part of Israel I feel attached too.
At the same time, because I didn't grow up here, it is simply less complicated for me to make friends with the "other side." I do not have the same feeling of taboo that my parents grew up with. As an American, I have distance from the conflict in Israel/Palestine that allows me to shape my opinions without the intoxication of fear and power that has great influence in the region. (I am aware that this is a fragile and fortunate privilege that could easily be taken away.).
It's important to note that I am not "proud" of my Israeli or American identity, nor am I ashamed. I think that pride in national identity is a strange phenomenon: it is rarely something one chooses, but is simply a circumstance that contributes to a false sense of differentiation. The characteristics of a national identity are a fragile thing that can shift and change as easily as it is invented. By attaching pride to these elements, we run the risk of placing inflated value on their importance. That in turn allows us to have unrealistic expectations and act irrationally if our national pride is "hurt." This, I think, can be dangerous.
Why is this important for me to explore and write about?
On one hand, it's important simply because I think the idea of nation building is fascinating. As Jews –Israeli or not — we are somehow connected to the building of the Israeli state. There has been an effort both in Israel and within Jewish communities around the world to make Jews feel like they have a relationship with Israel. At the same time, within Israel, there is the challenge to create, from scratch, a national identity that represents a religious (ethnic?) group that has also become part of a diverese array of other nationalities and cultures. Part of that process includes culture, art, language and literature. When you add a state that has evolved in a conflict, where the stakes are higher and the nation needs to group together in order to confront an enemy, it is necessary that this enemy is differentiated and dehumanized. It is possible that the need to dehumanize is both a result of and a cause of the conflict — now fully part of the Israeli mentality. (And the Palestinian one too.)
Current political nationalist rhetoric in Israel encourages a world of US and THEM, whether it's Arabs and Jews, or the Jewish nation and those other countries that attempt to delegitimize it. I think it is important to think about how these national identities are formed and what we find intrinsically appealing, or unappealing, about them. If for a moment, current national labels were removed from the equation, would it be so easy to justify inhumane things?
For example, what are the elements of the Jewish state that make us uncomfortable? For me, they include the occupation, discrimination, the fence and other looming choices that may take place in order to maintain a Jewish majority. I believe that these actions are inherently harmful for the long-term security of Israel and the dignity of all those involved in the conflict. At the same time, I can see the validity of the opinion that these actions are militaristic strategies for the benefit of the State of Israel. Some may answer that human sacrifice is needed, and that for security purposes occupation must go on, and the ongoing expulsion of Arabs from their homes in Jerusalem and the Negev is unavoidable in the path to a secured Jewish State. If that is their choice, then I ask them only to be honest about what the cost is of such activities on current and future generations. What will it mean for the character of that future Jewish state? What are the sacrifices that are being made to secure this character? How far are we willing to go as Jews, Israelis and human beings in the name of the nation? Is there a feasible way that nationhood can be established and maintained without an act of immorality — or is it simply a minor cost for the achievement of a goal?
I write this only to try to understand better. I am not arguing for a Utopian world where states are immediately erased. Instead I'd like us, specifically in relation to Israel, to evaluate the cost of this nationalism and ask ourselves what our goals and limits are, and, what we may gain and what we may loose. I would love to hear a response.
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LeJardin
BOY do you sound young! It sounds like you've never read a page of Jewish/Israeli history! It's not the we WANT a climate of Us & Them, it's that it has been thrust upon us. And BTW: it's not an "occupation": that is OUR land. Oy! Read the early pre-"occupation" history of Israel and the Arabs!!!
Jew Guevara
Yeah, you sound so young! Makes me want to drown you in a pool of cynicism. Metaphorically of course.
Shri, from your words it appears that you see nationalism is a possible social good that one might sacrifice for, in return for benefits. This transactional approach is nonsensical.
Nationalists do not think this way. For them, it is the very definition of good, an absolute that one uses to evaluate other values. Nationhood isn't there 'in order to' anything. It is part of the divine prescription for meaning in life: to belong to a collective that has a covenant with god or history.
You might as well ask a gay man what is the point of being gay IF being gay had negative personal consequences (like death, ostracism, etc.) Based on a pure cost/benefit analysis, being gay is definitely an irrational choice. But if you ARE gay, then you know that part of being human is the desire to 'be who you be.'
For racist, nationalist violent Jews, the racist nationalist violence isn't 'in order to' it is an embodiment of who they desire to be, authentically. Just ask a settler in Hebron.
Uri Allen
@JG
I think I know what the answer is bu just to check, are all people who ascribe to a nationalist ideology, racst and violent or just Jews? Can one be a Jewish nationalist, in your view, without being a racist or violent?
@Shiri -" Instead I'd like us, specifically in relation to Israel, to evaluate the cost of this nationalism and ask ourselves what our goals and limits are, and, what we may gain and what we may loose."
I have to agree with JG here. If you discover that in the cost benefit/analysis that it's not worth it, so to speak, then is one supposed to just give up the whole project of Israel?
It sounds like you are not sure what you think about the modern nation-state enterprise as a whole.
I like Shiri's thoughtful pieces because she's emblematic of my generation of American Jews, young Millenials, who grew up steeped in American melting pot multiculturalism and yet tied to an ethnic nation-state quite of other making. Studies of Jews born after 1967 reveal increasing levels of skepticism towards ethnic nationalism — which leaves them on uncertain ground when dealing with the Jewish state.
And unlike most olim, Shiri has been "made Israeli" (a toshevet choseret) quite accidentally, which gives her a rare chance to explore it without the obnoxious certainty brought by those already ideologically committed to making Aliyah or avoiding by choice.
Lastly, that Shiri is working at an anti-discrimination legal clinic for Arab citizens of Israel makes all of this context particularly poignant. For her clients and coworkers are precisely the demographic asked to give up their national rights for the sake of hers.
For these reasons, I'm deeply appreciative that she's willing to share her experiences with Jewschool's readers — most of whom have mostly considered these questions only from a distance.
LJ, JG and UA — Shiri is asking the same questions Jewish thinkers and Zionists have always been asking. You may be older and feel you have the answers already — a benefit one has from many years of consideration. It's a testament of how unavoidable and universal the questions are that Shiri has come to them through a different path. Her answers and that of younger generations, however, may turn out to be wholly different than yours.
@Uri, Jews do not have a monopoly on this stuff by any means. I do think we are a bridge culture between eastern norms and western norms, and as such we attract more than our fair share of critics from all three sides.
I do think we are a bridge culture between eastern norms and western norms, and as such we attract more than our fair share of critics from all three sides.
This is interesting. Please elaborate, JG.
Yes please elaborate JG.
KFJ, I do not think that Shiri is asking the same questions that Jewish and Zionist thinkers have long been asking. Not exactly anyway. As you correctly point out Shiri is "emblematic of my generation of American Jews, young Millenials, who grew up steeped in American melting pot multiculturalism and yet tied to an ethnic nation-state quite of other making. Studies of Jews born after 1967 reveal increasing levels of skepticism towards ethnic nationalism — which leaves them on uncertain ground when dealing with the Jewish state." I am not a expert but this seems to be true for lots of Millenials, not only Jews.
She is asking similar questions in the sense that she is seeking understanding of how ethnic nationalism could and should function properly in the best case scenarios and how it damages and corrupts in the worst cases. She is not asking the same question because the world is a very different place now than it was before WWII, when people in the western world were still tooting the horn of ethnic nationalism. Post WWII, Europe and the US became champions of universalism – see the social revolutions of the 60s and the eventual formation of the EU. One cannot ignore that the stakes are a bit different now than they were for Herzl who was writing in the hey day of ethnic nationalism. As a conept ethnic nationalism is on the decline in the West nowadays.
Shiri – I think it's good that you ask these questions. I do think its important however to understand that one of the things you are looking to figure out for yourself is what you think about the modern ethnic nation state as it exists today. You are not only asking about the value of such a state when it comes to Israel but something much broader. When you find an answer that works for your complicated levels of identity let me know. I'd love help with my own.
wellllll…..
Jewish culture is like an onion, and not too far from the surface layers are some distinctly eastern ideas: that religious law and secular law are not distinct entities, that ethnic/religious identity is both OBVIOUSLY more important than citizenship, AND that one lives in states that are owned by one community, not 'the community.'
Western culture has radical break with that. Post enlightenment, European culture really has embraced citizenship as the most important component of identity in a way that most Muslims in the Middle East, or Nigeria) would find absurd.
Jews are in the middle. Resented for being too Western in the East, and to Eastern in the West.
Ok JG. I hear ya. I would classify what your calling East/West as pre-modern/modern or post-modern.
So when you say Jews are in the middle do you mean that Jews haven't fully embraced post-enlightenment thinking writ large?
No, I mean we've done a 'better' job of preserving elements of our pre-modern, 'Eastern' identity. We've done a better job of not erasing where we come from. I think… on some level, Jews who remain part of the Jewish collective and don't fall of the edge are holding on to conflicting ideas without letting go of either.
Which is an excellent intellectual strategy, if you're goal isn't 'the truth' but 'communal self-preservation.'
'Better' in quotes, because maybe it's not better.
Ah, now I get it. Sounds right to me. Certainly sounds Jewish, shkoiach.
Uri, keep in mind that the terms "modern" and "pre-modern" have an implicit, subjective value attached, purely independent of their explicit meaning. For contrast, consider how it sounds that "pre-modern" air quality was superior to modern air quality.
That Jewish identity does not fit neatly into how Western societies have defined and structured identity is not an indictment of Jewish identity. Or, at least, it shouldn't be, though it often is and has been.
Lastly, with regards to the entire subject of post-nationalism, there is an important point to be made. In the several decades since post-nationalism turned vogue among the Western elite, there has been an explosion of ethnic nationalism, characterized by state formation along ethnic, religious or sectarian lines. South Sudan is but the latest example. Nor is the surge in ethnic nationalism unique to the Southern hemisphere. In Europe, for example, ethnic identity has rallied considerably in the last 20 years, first with the fall of the Soviet Union, and now as a response to the perceived threat of Islam.
As an aside, I always found it fascinating that the very people, Jews among them, who lambaste the notion of Jewish sovereignty, and think it perfectly racist to construct a state along ethno/religious grounds, meanwhile see nothing at fault with creating a Palestinian ethnic state.
The truth is that post-nationalism isn't really against all ethnic nation states, but only the "bad" ethnic nation states. Western intellectuals have construed two types of identities, those which are "good" and those which are "bad". There is considerable tie in with post-colonialism, socialism, and progressive studies – those identities which are progressive are inherently "good", while those who are reactionary are inherently "bad".
When the Jews of a young Israel were fighting regressive and reactionary Arab autocracies, being an Israeli was a "good" identity. Now that Israel is the preeminent capitalist power in the Middle East, and the regressive social order of Arab societies is directed against it, Arab ethnic identities are, in relation, progressive and "good".
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Victor, you got the leftist theory wrong.
Nations which are liberating themselves from colonial or imperialist rule have 'good' nationalism. Nations with a track record of ruling others in colonial or imperialist dynamics have 'bad' nationalism. It's not arbitrary or anything.
Seems fair to me.
I see it this way: With great(er) power comes great(er) responsibility. Israel bears more responsibility because it has more power (economically, militarily, diplomatically, ad nauseum). Meaning, Israel isn't worse than Syria but it is judged to a higher standard. That may be unfair, but it's the natural consequence of viewing Arab societies as backwards religious fundies and constantly invoking Israel and America's "shared values." For better or for worse…
" Is there a feasible way that nationhood can be established and maintained without an act of immorality — or is it simply a minor cost for the achievement of a goal?"
I would argue that if actions, such as building the wall, directly save the lives of innocent men, women, and children then it is not immoral and does not hurt our character. Enjoying such actions, would be hurtful to one's character.
@JG points out nicely that Jewish "identity" doesn't fit into contemporary categories. I think we should do more to understand ourselves primarily from within the Jewish worldview of Bnei Yisrael and only secondarily in relationship to outside categories, but maybe that makes me a "nationalist" already?
The dilemmas are then about "geu'la and galut" and about "Hager asher yagur betochem", etc etc.


Have you seen the new Vintage Vogues? I'm super excited about 8875, seen above. It's a sheath dress topped with a redingote (with a cool double collar, the second of which is removable and can be made in fabric to match the dress).
Here's the original pattern; isn't it beautiful?
I would love to do the Vogue version, perhaps in a blue color scheme and with some horsehair braid to give the hem of the redingote more flare, as in the original pattern.
And, just for fun, a few more vintage redingtoe patterns!
P.S. Vogues are currently $3.99!
I'm so glad you posted the original drawings because these fabrics that Vogue picked are hideous! It totally makes me pass up the pattern, but seeing the original makes it much more appealing!
Me too - I passed on this pattern when I originally reviewed the new Vogues. Thanks for pointing out the original and the history and background of the garment.
Me too, I thought it looked like a bathrobe until I saw the vintage fabric choices. Love the vintage pattern at the bottom, it's squee-worthy.
I just bought this pattern! I couldn't resist. I'm not sure when I'm going to make it, but I love it!
Those are just wonderful! I always have a problem with buying Vintage Vogue patterns especially when they go on sale!
I think I know what I should make for this spring...:D I could even borrow someone's horse for authenticity!
I like the vintage pattern so much more than the reproduction one. I think the repro is a cautionary tale of what happens if vintage details such as horsehair braid aren't used.
YES!! The repro looks disturbingly like a droopy robe over a housecoat. It needs structure! Of course the drawings are always much more glam than reality is (those tiny waists!.
The unbuttoned overskirt showing the underskirt idea was trotted out in the 80s as well.
I think it would be hard to make this attractive/modern without looking costumey. And it could be an expensive goof as it is essentially double the fabric.
I love the history behind the name! At first I thought it had to be a typo or dyslexia kicking in. The only thing is I don't know how they could have ridden in these!
Reading your blog reminds me of how much I miss sewing my own clothes....gonna have to do something about that? Love those vintage designs!
I bought 20 patterns in the winter sale!
Absolutely agree with the first comment. I think the whole concept has been lost in the reproduction. I would not have guessed that it had originated from such an awesome silhouette. I love the original, stunning.
ooohh... I'd like to make a shorter, jacket version of the second vintage one (butterick 5142). Without many changes (mostly the length) I think it could fit in well with a more modern waredrobe.
I love that Butterick pattern!!
If ony I had an 8" waist like those models. Ahem.
Gorgeous pattern.... all pattern companies should do more retro patterns.... they are full of history and is what sewing is all about!
Oh so beautiful! All of them.
I'd buy in a second if postage to the uk didn't put it right back up at normal prices! Back to browsing through my local charity shop's 99pence patterns!
My favourite is the blue and white on the original pattern. So classic and clean. Stunning.
Don't comment a lot, on anything, but love your blog Gertie! Your book is on my wish list as well!!
My perfect dressing gown pattern!!!
Vogue styling lets them down yet again, this one is wrong in all sorts of ways: fabric, fit, styling - and the posture is most unbecoming! This is an Outfit, and is really all about contrast which you can't see at all with so much pattern everywhere. On the up side I love the flared coat of Simplicty 8457, and that wide cape version at the bottom is delicious in the extreme.
Reminds me of those gorgeous now vintage outfits worn by Lucille ball on the I Love Lucy show. I'm afraid I would look more like Ethel.
I don't dislike it but I much, much prefer the look of the older ones.
Thanks for highlighting the Vogue Pattern. I have to agree with everyone; I much prefer the look of the true vintage pattern and what fabrics are suggested etc. I wouldn't have considered the pattern; but seeing the original changes my mind.
However, of even more interest to me; and hey you are designing for Butterick now and have contacts...........Just a thought I think quite a few mentioned the lovely Butterick 5142 redingote pattern. Now that IS THE PATTERN I would love to get my hands on. The silhouette of the coat is absolutely sublime and I want it!!!!
Totally off topic but did you ever draw the winners of your book giveaway from last year?
I think the wonderful 50s redingote styles you show here would be more easily achieved with another pattern--maybe Butterick 5556, which is soooo close to the right proportions and would be alot easier to alter for fit (did you see the back of this V8875?). Your own Butterick coat pattern could be manipulated to create a gorgeous redingote as well. I don't think the current Vogue team "gets it" when it comes to vintage styles.
So much inspiration from these patterns!!! I can't wait to get sewing!!!
How lovely! I've never heard of that before and the name's history itself is interesting!
lovely, and yes I agree the skirt of the coat should have a fuller shape. The dress length looks too long on the modern day version too. Always think the modern interpretations of patterns miss the vintage aesthetic mark!
I'm with Gertie in that I fell in love with this vintage vogue pattern as soon as I saw it. It was the dress fabric that made me have a closer look - I think the Irises make the dress look vintage, and you would be admired where ever you went draped in it.
Hideous? Fabulous? It does walk that line. I would love to see what you do with it, Gertie. I have just finished rereading your fabulous (definitely) book and have two quick questions for you. First, how do you finish seam allowances on your everyday vintage inspired clothes in medium weight fabric like a good quality cotton? Hand sewn finishes seem like overkill. Do you serge? Pink? I like French seams where possible,will I be adding too much bulk?
Second, so my 50s vintage patterns bust measurement is really based on high bust measurement, not across the full boobage? Or am I misunderstanding?
Thank you so much. Your book has answered many, many questions for me, and continues to educate and inspire me.
I love that pattern. Thank you so much for explaining what a Redingote is. I NEVER heard it before. Can't wait to see what you make from it.
have you notice the dress and the redingtoe are precisely the same skirt length!!!... very challenging!!
Wonderful blog! All womens dresses are awesome!! Different and unique colors. Thanks for sharing old fashion blog.
I believe that Ms. Obama's yellow/green day dress for the 2008 Inauguration had a coat/dress with a similar style. It didn't have the big collar, which she probably would have appreciated given the extremely cold day.
Although I don't think the open coat was probably as warm as the coat she wore in 2013, I liked the 2008 outfit much better. I think it's a more flowing feminine look.
just for the fun of it (and because I had no idea that the word "redingote" existed in English), this word is an example of two-way linguistic travel: it comes from the English "riding-coat", which came to France and was transformed into "redingote" (pronounce sort of r-o-d-a-g-o-t, first o as in load and second as in lot, a sort of as in lack). And it came back to English as redingote!
lovely patterns and great blog! Thanks Gertie!


text:
package br.com.dgimenes.materialcardsandtiles;

import android.content.Context;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.widget.ImageView;

public class SixteenNineImageView extends ImageView {

    public SixteenNineImageView(Context context) {
        super(context);
    }

    public SixteenNineImageView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
        super(context, attrs);
    }

    public SixteenNineImageView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyle) {
        super(context, attrs, defStyle);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
        super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
        int height = getMeasuredWidth() / 16 * 9;
        setMeasuredDimension(getMeasuredWidth(), height);
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Why EC2 instance continues responding to a ping request after deleting the inbound security group rule? While playing around with AWS console, I tried the following

*

*Launched an EC2 instance (public IP enabled) in the default VPC with the default security group, and default subnet.

*EC2 launched in the default subnet with a public IP.

*pinged the EC2 instance from the command prompt using the public IP.

*got request timed out.

*noticed that the default security group inbound rule allows traffic only from the sources within the security group.

*modified the security group inbound rule and allowed traffic from anywhere (0.0.0.0/0)

*pinged the EC2 instance using the public IP again.

*got a response from the server. All good until now.

*ping reply from EC2 host continues to show up in the console.

*I deleted the inbound security group rule. Now there are no inbound rules for the security group.

*on the terminal, reply from EC2 instance continues to show.

My question is -
Why I am seeing a reply from the host (EC2 instance) even though the security group's inbound rule has been deleted?
Doesn't the change to the inbound security group rule applies immediately? Why the host (EC2 instance) continues responding without an inbound security group rule?

A: The change applies immediately, but security group rules control establisment of new traffic flows (identified by source and destination address, protocol, and port numbers for protocols that use port numbers).
Depending on the specific rule in question, flows may or may not be actively tracked by the network, but ICMP flows are always tracked.  Once a tracked flow is established, the flow no longer needs to match a rule because the network has created a state table entry for the flow that will persist until the network removes it, either due to an inactivity timeout or due to a close/reset for connection-oriented protocols like TCP.
Tracked flows are not disrupted by removal of the rule that allowed them to be created.
Stop the ping and restart it.  If it continues to work, stop it and wait a few seconds before restarting it.  You should find that shortly after removing the rule, a new attempt to ping the target instance results in a timeout.
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/using-network-security.html#security-group-connection-tracking

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The aim of the present study is to investigate how men and women in three Iranian Balochi dialects, Coastal Balochi, Koroshi Balochi and Sistani Balochi, refer to 3rd person participants in oral narratives of two genres: folktales and biographical tales. The stories that are analysed were recorded during several field trips to Iran and the approach used is that of Levinsohn (1994, 2015).
The first part of the dissertation begins with an overview of the Balochi language and its dialects, including a brief presentation of its phonology, and then reviews previous studies of Balochi, before introducing the case system and types of alignment in the three dialects. Chapter 2 introduces the reader to the status of orality in the three dialects, before giving details about the corpus of texts that were analysed. Of particular note is the fact that each story in the corpus was told by both a man and a woman. Chapter 3 examines different approaches to the analysis of participant reference, before comparing those of Gundel et al. and Levinsohn in greater detail.
The second part of the dissertation applies Levinsohn's approach to texts in each of the three dialects in turn. Chapters 4–6 identify and analyse the different ways in which the participants in the stories are referred to when the subject remains the same and in three specific situations when the subject changes. This enables default encoding values to be established for each of the four situations. Motivations for over-encoding and, in some situations, under-encoding, are then identified. Chapters 7–9 investigate whether the gender of the storyteller (male versus female) and/or the genre of the story (folktale versus biographical tale) influence the way that the participants are referred to. This leads in chapter 10 to a gender- and genre-based comparison of participant reference across the present dialects.
Conclusions are presented in chapter 11. In general, the participant reference strategy used was the same in all three dialects, regardless of the gender or the genre. The main exception involved reported conversations in Koroshi Balochi, where the additive enclitic ham was attached to the reference to a subject who responded in line with the contents of the speech reported in the previous sentence. Other variations appeared to depend on the degree to which the storyteller was proficient in his or her art.
The dissertation concludes with four Appendices. Appendix A presents six texts that were interlinearised using the FLEx programme, while Appendix B consists of participant reference charts of the same texts following Levinsohn's approach. Appendix C presents details of the case system and alignment for each of the three dialects. Finally, the chart in Appendix D compares the approaches of Levinsohn and of Gundel et al. to participant reference in a specific text. A CD with audio files of the six texts and some photos taken during fieldwork is also available.