I often read the directions on products out of curiosity, as well as to maximize the quality of its use. Today, for whatever reason, I decided to read the directions on my body wash. They read: "Squeeze onto a wet pouf or washcloth. Work into a rich, creamy lather and rinse." Now, most people understand the concept of body wash, but if you were actually seeking information on this label, you would have a hard time getting clean. At what point does this product contact your skin? I am I to assume that once the wash cloth has been rinsed I can scrub, or I am I to understand that the company actually forgot a step in a 4 step process?
Toy labels are similar; the guidelines are vague, sometimes offer vast age ranges, and leave a lot up to interpretation. When you're considering whether or not a toy is appropriate for a child, there are really only 3 considerations that label means to express - potential liability, intellectual/ physical complexity, and mature content. Whether or not a person wants their children exposed to swear words, sexual content, or other violence is a personal decision for a parent and has more to do with the child and parenting style than the toy itself. For that reason, let's look more into the other two.
Newborns have limited head control, so suffocation is a real threat - limit stuffed toys, bumper pads, and clothes with hoods.
Babies put everything in their mouths, so consider the paint, chemicals, ease of cleaning, and obviously choking potential on any toys.
Toddlers take risks and like to interact very intently- watch for parts that could snap, pinch, or otherwise unintentionally snare them.
Height Restrictions: Trikes, bikes, and other ride-on toys have more to do with how tall the child is than how old they are. Age is only a factor is so far as the average age of a child that is of a given height with a given set of abilities. If your niece was an early walker and a string bean, there's no reason to wait.
Imagination/ Emotional Age: Even if a product is targeted to an older (or even younger) age group, products mean different things to children at different ages of their lives. If the toy is of little concern in terms of risk, allowing the child to grow with a product or nurture an emotional need is a good thing.
Development: Since children move through stages at lightening speed, it almost always makes sense to buy a product they are not yet ready for, rather than something that suits them exactly at this moment. Examples include books, clothes, and educational material (science kits, colouring pages, etc).


The University of Mannheim prides itself of being among the most international institutions in Germany. This is reflected not only in the number of international students within the programme. There are a number of ways through for students to organise a semester abroad.
Students in the study field Economics may apply to a number of Erasmus partner universities as well as partner universities overseas. While most European programmes are specifically dedicated to economics students overseas exchange opportunities are usually open to all students.
Additionally to the exchange programmes, economics majors may apply to the double degree option within the ENTER Network. This programme offers to spend the second year at one of several partner universities in Europe and earn two master's degrees in two years. Admission to the programmes requires an application and placement might be competitive with regard to supply and demand. More detailed information can be found on the department website. Another useful website may be that of the Akademisches Auslandsamt which also provides a database of exchange partners.
Students in the study field Economic Research may not apply for the mentioned programmes. However, the GESS has contracts with both the University of California, Berkeley and Yale University to send students to the partners PhD programmes in Economics. Doctoral students and Economic Research majors are considered for these places equally.


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Open Access Articles- Top Results for Browns%E2%80%93Steelers rivalry
Browns–Steelers rivalry
Browns–Steelers
Cleveland Browns and
First contested
Most recent meeting
Browns 31, Steelers 10
Number of meetings
PIT: 68–58
CLE, 37–25 @ Cleveland
PIT, 43–21 @ Pittsburgh
Regular season series
PIT: 66-58
CLE, 37-25 @ Cleveland
PIT, 41-21 @ Pittsburgh
Postseason results
PIT: 2-0
January 7, 1995, Steelers won 29–9
January 5, 2003, Steelers won 36–33
Largest victory
CLE: 51–0 (September 10, 1989)
Longest win streak
CLE: 8 (October 7, 1950–November 22, 1953)
PIT: 12 (November 23, 2003–October 10, 2009)
Current win streak
CLE: 1 win
Championship success
NFL Championships (10)
PIT (6) – 1974, 1975, 1978, 1979, 2005, 2008
CLE (4) – 1950, 1954, 1955, 1964
NFL Conference Championships (19)
PIT (8) – 1974, 1975, 1978, 1979, 1995, 2005, 2008, 2010
CLE (11) – 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1957, 1964, 1965, 1968, 1969
NFL Divisional Championships (29)
PIT (20) – 1972, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1983, 1984, 1992, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2007, 2008, 2010,2014
CLE (9) – 1967, 1968, 1969, 1971, 1980, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1989
The Browns–Steelers rivalry is a National Football League rivalry between the Cleveland Browns and the Pittsburgh Steelers. With 126 meetings and counting, it is the oldest rivalry and the most storied in the American Football Conference, surpassing any other rivalry in the conference by at least 5 games. The two divisional foes have a natural rivalry due to the commonalities between the cities, proximity, etc. It is sometimes called the Turnpike Rivalry or Turnpike War[1] because the majority of the driving route between the two cities are via the Pennsylvania and Ohio Turnpikes.
1 Similarities between the cities
1.1 Businesses
1.2 Coaches and players
2 History of the rivalry
3 1950s (Browns 16–4)
5 1970s (Steelers 15–5)
9 2010s (Steelers 8–2)
10 Jinx
Similarities between the cities
The rivalry was primarily fueled by the close proximity between the two cities, as Cleveland and Pittsburgh are roughly 135 miles apart. Many fans make the two-hour drive by car to road games. Also, the city of Youngstown, Ohio is roughly located at the halfway mark between the two cities and is within the 75-mile blackout radius for both teams. The Youngstown television market has dual rights to both teams. Both teams have such strong fan bases that neither typically has blackout issues since the current rules were implemented in 1973, although the final two games of the 1995 season were blacked out in Cleveland (the last two prior to the move to Baltimore); one of these games was against their in-state rivals, the Cincinnati Bengals.[2] The Youngstown area fan base remains roughly split 50/50 between the Steelers and Browns.
In recent times, Pittsburgh-area businesses have entered the Cleveland market by buying out local Cleveland-area competitors such as Giant Eagle, Dollar Bank, Howard Hanna Realty, and PNC Financial Services acquisition of National City Corp. Among other reasons, some Clevelanders didn't like the idea of a Pittsburgh-based bank buying National City because of the rivalry between the Browns and Steelers.[3] PNC and Giant Eagle are official team sponsors for both teams. In addition, natural expansion has occurred with companies with Western Pennsylvania roots with Vocelli Pizza and Altoona-based Sheetz making successful expansions into the Cleveland market.
Conversely, Eaton Corporation was founded in Cleveland and has long had significant operations in Pittsburgh. Forest City Enterprises owns billions of dollars of Pittsburgh-area real estate. The Cleveland branch of the Federal Reserve includes Pittsburgh in its territory. Cleveland-based Sherwin-Williams has locations throughout Pittsburgh and nationally is one of the top competitors to Pittsburgh-based PPG Industries. Two former Cleveland-based businesses, Picway Shoes and Revco, had locations throughout Pittsburgh before being bought out by Payless ShoeSource in 1994 and CVS/pharmacy in 1998, respectively. National City Bank itself had expanded into Pittsburgh in 1995 through its acquisition of Integra Bank and actually caused antitrust problems when PNC bought National City in 2008, being forced to divest 61 National City branches in Western Pennsylvania. Although First Niagara Bank ultimately bought 57 of the branches, Cleveland-based KeyBank was one of the banks that was considering buying the branches and expanding into Pittsburgh.
Republic Steel, which was based in Cleveland, was the company that suggested to the Steelers that the team use the Steelmark logo on its helmets in 1962. The logo later became the Steelers primary trademark, and is arguably better known with the logo than the steel industry itself.
Coaches and players
The teams have also had various prominent players and coaches with roots in the other team. For instance, former Steelers head coach Chuck Noll is from Cleveland and played linebacker for the Browns. His successor as head coach, Bill Cowher, also played linebacker and special teams for the Browns, and was an assistant coach for the Browns from 1985–88. Cowher was born and raised in Crafton, a suburb of Pittsburgh. Former Browns head coach Marty Schottenheimer is a native of Pittsburgh area suburb Canonsburg, along with his brother Kurt Schottenheimer, who was the Browns special teams coach from 1987–88. Another Browns head coach, Bud Carson also had as his hometown a northern suburb of Pittsburgh and was a longtime Steelers coordinator under Chuck Noll.
Steelers Hall of Famer Jack Lambert is a native Ohioan and attended Kent State University, as did Akron, Ohio native James Harrison. Steelers quarterback Ben Roethlisberger hails from Findlay, Ohio. Former punter Chris Gardocki played for three years for the Steelers, including the Super Bowl XL championship team, after playing five seasons with the Browns from 1999-2003. Former Steelers Offensive coordinator Bruce Arians held the same position with the Browns from 2001–03.
History of the rivalry
The Browns and Steelers first met in 1950, the Browns' first NFL season after dominating the All-America Football Conference. Early on during this period, the Browns were one of the NFL's elite teams and dominated the rivalry. The Steelers did not win their first game against the Browns until 1954.
The rivalry carried over to the newly formed American Football Conference in 1970 as the two teams and then-Baltimore Colts joined the former American Football League teams in the conference as part of the AFL–NFL merger. The newly merged league needed to move three teams from the "old" NFL to the AFC so that the two conferences had 13 teams. (The rest of the "old" NFL teams joined the newly formed National Football Conference.) The NFL tried to get the Steelers to the new conference, but then-Steelers owner Art Rooney initially refused. Then-Browns owner Art Modell volunteered the Browns to shift to the AFC after he was offered $3 million as an incentive to move. That financial boost made it easy to convince Rooney to join him in the AFC in order to continue their own rivalry. In addition, a potential intrastate rivalry with the Cincinnati Bengals (due to his lingering feud with Paul Brown at the time) could be developed (though like the Browns, the Bengals currently view the Steelers as their biggest rival).[4]
However, in the 1970s the Steelers had begun to even the playing field with the Browns, led by head coach Chuck Noll, a Cleveland native and former Browns linebacker. By then, the rivalry between the two clubs was more hostile and personal, as evident in the 1976 matchup at Cleveland Municipal Stadium, when Joe "Turkey" Jones tackled Terry Bradshaw with a pile-driving sack. Bradshaw suffered a neck injury from the play, and the footage of the sack has since become immortalized in NFL Films as part of the rivalry.
While the two exchanged victories in the '70s and '80s, by the 1990s the Steelers became the dominant team in the rivalry. Since the Browns' last series sweep in 1988, the Steelers have an overwhelming 29-8 mark against the Browns, enough that in 2007 the Steelers took over the lead in the all-time series (which they currently lead at 60-56) for the first time. During most of this time, Bill Cowher was head coach of the Steelers. Cowher, a native of the Pittsburgh suburb of Crafton, also played linebacker for the Browns (though unlike Noll, Cowher mostly played special teams), and also served as an assistant in Cleveland under Marty Schottenheimer, himself a native of another Pittsburgh area suburb, Canonsburg.
The Steelers also have a 2-0 record against the Browns in the playoffs, with both games taking place in Pittsburgh.
The rivalry took a brief hiatus from 1996–98 due to the Cleveland Browns relocation controversy. When the league was voting on the Browns relocation, Steelers owner Dan Rooney was one of only two owners to vote against the move. In tribute of Cleveland losing the Browns, Steeler fans wore orange arm bands to the final game at Three Rivers Stadium as a sign of mutual respect and sorrow for losing a great rivalry. While Browns fans still consider the Steelers as their main archrival, a small number of Steeler fans consider their rivalry with the Baltimore Ravens the spiritual successor to this rivalry due to Art Modell moving his franchise to Baltimore and establishing the expansion Ravens. The recent one-sidedness of this rivalry in favor of the Steelers has influenced this thinking as well. Nevertheless, it is still one of the most heated in the NFL.
1950s (Browns 16–4)
1950 October 7 Browns
Forbes Field Taking advantage of six Steeler turnovers, the Browns won the inaugural meeting between the two franchises. Cleveland's first touchdown was set up by a 46-yard punt return from Dom Moselle in the opening quarter, and two more scores were tallied before halftime as a result of Pittsburgh fumbles. Both teams were powered by strong running games, combining for just over 400 yards on the day, with the clinching touchdown coming on a 48-yard run by the Browns' Dub Jones. That score came after yet another Steeler fumble.
October 29 Browns
Cleveland Municipal Stadium Led by Marion Motley's 188 yards on just 11 carries, the Browns had little trouble in sweeping the season series. In addition to amassing a combined 338 yards on the ground, the Cleveland defense forced eight turnovers and held the Steelers scoreless until early in the final quarter. The Browns had a 17-0 advantage at halftime, but then put the game away after the break with a 69-yard scoring run from Motley and a 14-yard scamper from Don Phelps, who gained 87 yards rushing and also returned a kickoff 61 yards to set up the team's first score.
1951 October 21 Browns
Cleveland Municipal Stadium Defense and special teams help the Browns score both touchdowns and keep them within a game of the division leading New York Giants. The first touchdown comes in bizarre fashion in the second quarter when a Pittsburgh punt ricochets off a Steeler on the line back to the Steeler two, where Horace Gillom picked it up and scored. Holding a 10-0 advantage in the third quarter, the Browns closes out the scoring when Warren Lahr picks off a pass and returns it for a touchdown.
December 9 Browns
Forbes Field The Browns clinch their second straight division title, win their tenth straight game and collect their fourth shutout of the season. Cleveland effectively puts the game away late in the second quarter with two touchdowns to take a 21-0 advantage into the halftime locker room. In the fourth quarter, the Browns tack on one more score when rookie Carl Taseff scores from three yards out.
Forbes Field Trailing by 13 midway through the third quarter, the Browns rally with two scores on Otto Graham touchdown passes to Dub Jones and Sherman Howard. Graham finishes with 401 yards passing with three touchdowns, but also throws four interceptions.
November 16 Browns
Cleveland Municipal Stadium The Browns nearly blow a 22-point lead, but hold on to move into first place in the Eastern Division. Cleveland held the Steelers without a first down until two minutes left in the first half, taking a 15-0 halftime lead. On their first series after the break, the Browns scored again, but from that point, Pittsburgh came alive, chopping the deficit to just eight with ten minutes to play. However, the Steelers could only manage a last-minute touchdown to come up one point short.
1953 November 8 Browns
Cleveland Municipal Stadium Bouncing back from an early 9-0 deficit, the Browns ran off 17 unanswered points and went on to maintain a spotless 7-0 record on the season. In the closing moments of the first half, they also blocked a field goal that was returned 79 yards for a score by Ray Renfro, his second touchdown of the afternoon, to give Cleveland a 24-16 advantage. In the final quarter, Otto Graham connected with Dante Lavelli, and Lou Groza kicked his second field goal of the afternoon to close out the scoring.
Forbes Field Otto Graham touchdown passes to Ray Renfro and Darrell Brewster, along with field goals of 50 and 42 yards by Lou Groza gave the Browns their ninth win of the season without a loss. Groza's field goals came against a stiff wind, while the injury-depleted Cleveland defense limited the Steelers to a pair of scores. Two of the Pittsburgh points came on an odd second quarter safety in which the Browns' Warren Lahr intercepted a Jim Finks pass in the end zone, but was tackled before he came out.
1954 October 17 Steelers
Forbes Field After being on the losing side in each of the previous eight matchups, the Steelers picked up their first win of the series with a 28-point thrashing. Ray Matthews provided plenty of offense with five catches for 152 yards and three touchdowns, along with another score on the ground. Pittsburgh took advantage of eight Browns turnovers, including six interceptions—two of which were returned for scores.
December 12 Browns
Cleveland Municipal Stadium Fueled by 3 first half touchdown runs by running back Chet Hanulak, the Browns won their eighth straight game and avenged their earlier loss to the Steelers. Hanulak's scores and Ken Konz's interception return for another touchdown gave Cleveland a commanding 28-0 lead at halftime. On the day, the Browns rolled up 464 yards of total offense, including 282 on the ground, while holding Pittsburgh to just 171 on their side of the ball.
1955 November 20 Browns
Cleveland Municipal Stadium Three second half touchdowns by the Browns broke open a close contest and gave them their seventh win in nine games. Curly Morrison rushed for 140 yards for Cleveland while Dante Lavelli cauight a pair of touchdown passes from Otto Graham. For the second straight year, Ken Konz returned an interception for a score, and also provided a 42-yard punt return that set up another touchdown.
Forbes Field The Browns clinched their sixth consecutive Eastern Division title with a comfortable win that saw a dominating defense hold the Steelers to just 123 yards of total offense. Otto Graham completed only four passes for the afternoon, but two of those went for touchdowns, and he also scored one of his own on the ground. In addition, Lou Groza added three field goals. The Steelers' only points came in the final quarter on a blocked Horace Gillom punt.
Forbes Field In a nighttime matchup, the Browns held off a last-minute drive to pick up the win as Warren Lahr knocked away Ted Marchibroda's pass in the end zone with 1:13 left in the contest. Browns quarterback George Ratterman had given Cleveland the lead in the second quarter, but the Steelers headed to the halftime locker room with a 10-7 advantage. Ed Modzelewski's 13-yard scoring run in the fourth quarter gave the Browns the lead for good and set up the late-game drama.
November 28 Steelers
Cleveland Municipal Stadium Scoring three second-quarter touchdowns helped the Steelers come back from an early 13-point deficit and allowed them to notch their first-ever win in Cleveland. Pittsburgh was sparked by a blocked field goal from Dale Dodrill, with Ted Marchibroda sandwiching a pair of touchdown passes around a one-yard run by Lynn Chandnois. A quiet second half saw only one field goal from each close out the scoring.
Forbes Field A Saturday night clash in Pittsburgh sees the Browns collect 13 points from the Steelers' seven turnovers, while Lou Groza connects on three field goals during the evening. The two Cleveland touchdowns come via passes: the first on a halfback option from Chet Hanulak to Ray Renfro in the second quarter, the second on a toss from Tommy O'Connell to Milt Campbell.
Cleveland Municipal Stadium The Browns score in every quarter and shut out the Steelers for the second time in the eight-year history of the series. After Browns quarterback Tommy O'Connell throws touchdown passes to Ray Renfro and Preston Carpenter, they clinch the contest in the fourth quarter when defensive back Don Paul returns a Billy Wells fumble 89 yards for the score.
Pitt Stadium The Browns take advantage of nine Steeler turnovers to pick their second win of the season. Rolling up more than 400 yards of total offense, Cleveland is led by both Milt Plum's precision passing (completing all but one of his 14 pass attempts) and Jim Brown's 129 yards on the ground. After Pittsburgh slices their deficit to 21-10 in the second quarter, the Browns run off 24 unanswered points to put the game away.
Cleveland Municipal Stadium Facing each other for the second time in three weeks, the Browns bounce back from an early 7-0 deficit to remain undefeated at 4-0. Cleveland takes advantage of seven Steeler turnovers and uses the running combination of Jim Brown (153 yards) and Bobby Mitchell (108 yards) to run off 27 straight points. A slight head injury to Lou Groza forces Browns quarterback Milt Plum to kick two extra points.
1959 September 26 Steelers
Forbes Field In a Saturday night season opener, the Browns are unable to stop Steelers quarterback Bobby Layne, who throws for 209 yards and two touchdowns, runs for 49 yards on five carries and also kicks a 26-yard field goal. The Browns had led 7-0 at the half on the strength of Milt Plum's one-yard quarterback sneak in the second quarter.
Cleveland Municipal Stadium Bobby Layne takes the Steelers 72 yards for the winning touchdown, connecting with Gern Nagler on an 18-yard touchdown with 40 seconds left. Lou Groza, whose missed extra point in the second quarter served as the final margin, misses his third field goal of the day, a 49-yard effort, for the Browns as time expires. The loss spoils an outstanding performance by the Browns' Ray Renfro, who hauls in five receptions for 161 yards and three touchdowns.
Cleveland Municipal Stadium The Browns jumped out to a 21-0 halftime lead, but needed some defensive help to hold off the Steeler comeback. Cleveland's Milt Plum threw for 308 yards on just 10 completions to three receivers: Rich Kreitling, Bobby Mitchell and Gern Nagler.
Forbes Field On the final play of the game, Milt Plum's end zone pass to Leon Clarke is ruled a trap, giving the Steelers the victory. Earlier in the final quarter, the Steelers' Tom Tracy had scored the go-ahead touchdown to complete a 75-yard drive. The Pittsburgh win spoiled an outstanding effort by Browns wide receiver Gern Nagler, who caught 10 passes for 177 yards, one catch away from the team record.
Forbes Field With Bobby Mitchell scoring three touchdowns and Lou Groza adding a trio of field goals, the Browns are able to withstand Buddy Dial's Steelers-record 235 receiving yards (including an 88-yard reception for touchdown). Pittsburgh's John Henry Johnson fumble in the final two minutes seals the victory for Cleveland.
November 5 Steelers
Cleveland Municipal Stadium Bob Schnelker's 26-yard touchdown catch from Rudy Bukich in the closing minutes gives the Steelers the victory. The winning drive had been sparked by a 50-yard kickoff return from Dick Haley. The Browns' Lou Groza had given Cleveland a three-point advantage with a 37-yard field goal at the 3:37 mark of the final quarter.
Pitt Stadium After Browns starting quarterback Jim Ninowski suffers a shoulder separation in the second quarter, Frank Ryan enters the game and puts 34 points on the board, including touchdown passes to Jim Brown and Ernie Green. The Cleveland defense also has a standout day, sacking Steeler quarterbacks Bobby Layne and Ed Brown ten times.
Cleveland Municipal Stadium Three fourth-quarter touchdowns help break up a tight game, as Jim Brown ends a busy day with 110 yards rushing, five receptions for 56 yards, and three touchdowns. Frank Ryan also puts up impressive numbers, completing 21 of 33 passes for 284 yards while throwing a trio of touchdown passes.
Cleveland Municipal Stadium Before more than 84,000 fans, the Browns use a pair of fourth-quarter touchdown passes to cement the victory. The game, played on a Saturday night for the first of eight consecutive years in Cleveland, saw seven lead changes.
Pitt Stadium Steeler quarterback Ed Brown connects with Gary Ballman early in the fourth quarter for the go-ahead (and eventual winning) score. The two point difference came from a third quarter safety in which Pittsburgh linebacker Bob Schmitz trapped Jim Brown in the end zone.
Cleveland Municipal Stadium Veteran (35 years old) Steeler running back John Henry Johnson, outgains Jim Brown in rushing yards 200 to 59, and also scored three touchdowns in Pittsburgh's romp.
November 1 Browns
Pitt Stadium Three weeks after their upset loss, the Browns gain a measure of revenge with the use of a potent running attack. Jim Brown gains 149 yards while Ernie Green scores a pair of touchdowns. Cleveland's defense also sacks Steeler quarterback Ed Brown five times for 42 yards.
Cleveland Municipal Stadium With just 44 seconds left in the game and the Steelers leading 19-17, Frank Ryan connects with Gary Collins on a 14-yard touchdown pass for the game-winner. Under rainy and muddy conditions, Jim Brown runs for 168 yards on the evening
Pitt Stadium The Browns clinch their second straight division championship behind the outstanding performance of Jim Brown who scores four touchdowns and rushes for 146 yards. Despite winds gusting up to 35 miles per hour, Steeler quarterback Bill Nelsen throws three touchdown passes, two of them for more than 80 yards or more.
Cleveland Municipal Stadium After a third quarter letdown that saw Pittsburgh reduce a 21-0 halftime deficit to 11, the Browns reached the end zone three times in the final quarter. The Browns' Leroy Kelly and Ernie Green each rushed for more than 100 yards on the evening.
Pitt Stadium The Steelers pick off five of Frank Ryan's passes and use the leg of kicker Mike Clark to pull the upset victory. Clark connects on three field goals, while Gary Ballman catches an eight-yard touchdown pass, part of 16 unanswered points by Pittsburgh.
Cleveland Municipal Stadium Behind three touchdown passes from Frank Ryan and 188 yards rushing from the duo of Leroy Kelly and Ernie Green, the Browns evened their mark at 2-2 on the young season. Steeler rookie quarterback Kent Nix, in just his second start, was 23-34 for 218 yards and one touchdown.
Pitt Stadium Despite a severely bruised right arm, Browns quarterback Frank Ryan threw for a pair of scores, while the rushing attack also contributed 181 yards on the ground. Special teams were not ignored by Cleveland as rookie Ben Davis returned a punt 52 yards for a touchdown.
Cleveland Municipal Stadium With new quarterback Bill Nelsen at the helm, the Browns stop a two-game losing streak, in part by using the legs of Leroy Kelly, who rushes for 128 yards and one touchdown. Cleveland breaks a 17-17 deadlock in the third quarter by taking advantage of a fumbled punt and interception by the Steelers.
Pitt Stadium The passing duo of Bill Nelsen and Frank Ryan combine for 352 yards passing and five touchdown tosses for the Browns, while the ball-hawking defense collects six interceptions on the cloudy afternoon.
Cleveland Municipal Stadium In a high-scoring affair, the Browns use a pair of interception returns for touchdowns to break open a tight 14-10 game, with veteran Erich Barnes and rookie Walt Sumner doing the honors. Browns receiver Gary Collins and Steeler wideout Roy Jefferson each catch seven passes for over 100 yards.
Pitt Stadium Wide receiver Paul Warfield collects 132 yards on just five catches and scores one touchdown to help the Browns from a 51-3 drubbing the previous week. The victory marks the sixth consecutive victory over the Steelers.
1970s (Steelers 15–5)
Cleveland Municipal Stadium Browns rookie quarterback Mike Phipps enters the game early in the second half and leads the Browns to 13 unanswered points and the victory. Fellow rookie signal caller Terry Bradshaw is trapped for his third safety in as many games for the Steelers.
Three Rivers Stadium An energized Steeler squad took control of a tight game in the second half as Terry Bradshaw threw touchdown passes to Ron Shanklin (his second of the game) and John Fuqua. The Browns managed just 199 yards of total offense, while Pittsburgh amassed more than 400 on the rainy afternoon.
Cleveland Municipal Stadium After leading 20-7 at halftime, the Browns held off the upset-minded Steelers for the seventh straight time at home, with tight end Milt Morin hauling in eight receptions for 126 yards.
Three Rivers Stadium L.C. Greenwood's block of a Don Cockroft fourth quarter punt leads to Roy Gerela's fourth field goal of the afternoon and blunts a Cleveland comeback. The clutch play came as the Steelers had seen their 16-point halftime margin sliced to one touchdown. John Fuqua led all rushers with 133 yards on the day, while Leroy Kelly also reached the century mark for Cleveland with 102.
Cleveland Municipal Stadium Browns kicker Don Cockroft redeemed himself by kicking a game-winning 26-yard field goal with 13 seconds left. Cockroft had missed a 27-yard attempt with just under two minutes remaining, but quarterback Mike Phipps' final-minute drive gained 40 yards to set up the winning points.
December 3 Steelers
Three Rivers Stadium A dominating performance by the Steelers puts them in position to win the first division title in their 40-year history. The Browns cross midfield just once, a drive that ends with a missed Don Cockroft field goal. Rookie Franco Harris runs for 102 yards and scores two touchdowns, while Roy Gerela adds three field goals. The Steelers take control after Andy Russell recovers a Leroy Kelly fumble in the third quarter.
Three Rivers Stadium For the second straight year, the Steelers completely bottle up the Browns in Three Rivers Stadium as Roy Gerela connects on four field goals and Frank Lewis is on the receiving end of two touchdown passes. Browns quarterback Mike Phipps has a rough day, throwing three interceptions and getting sacked three times.
Cleveland Municipal Stadium A clutch reception late in the fourth quarter by rookie running back Greg Pruitt, followed soon after by a 19-yard touchdown run by Pruitt helped the Browns notch their ninth straight win against the Steelers in Cleveland. The victory keeps the Browns in the thick of the AFC Central Division race.
Three Rivers Stadium Entering the game as heavy underdogs, the Browns nearly pull off an upset before coming up short. Late in the fourth quarter, Mike Phipps' pass in Steeler territory is intercepted by Glen Edwards to seal the game for the Steelers. Both teams had problems holding onto the ball, with eight fumbles leading to three turnovers.
Cleveland Municipal Stadium For the first time since 1959, the Steelers swept the season series between the two teams as Pittsburgh scored 13 unanswered points in the fourth quarter for the victory. Don Cockroft's third field goal of the day had given the Browns a 16-13 lead, but Roy Gerela sandwiched a pair of field goals around J.T. Thomas' fumble recovery that was returned for a touchdown.
1975 October 5 Steelers
Cleveland Municipal Stadium The Steelers take a 28-0 halftime lead and coast to victory. The most noteworthy moment of the game came in the second quarter when Steelers defensive tackle "Mean Joe" Greene repeatedly kicked Browns lineman Bob McKay in the groin during this game while McKay was on the ground.,[5] leading to his ejection from the contest.
Three Rivers Stadium Bouncing back from a 17-7 second quarter deficit, the Steelers score 24 unanswered points to hold off the upset-minded Browns, who entered the game with a 2-10 record. Two Terry Bradshaw to Lynn Swann touchdown passes in the third quarter fuel the comeback, while Franco Harris contributes 103 yards to the Pittsburgh running game.
Three Rivers Stadium After trailing 14-0 at the half, the Steelers change the momentum of the game when Jack Ham blocks Don Cockroft's punt, leading to Pittsburgh's first score, the first of 31 straight points for the defending Super Bowl champions. The Browns contribute by committing four turnovers in the second half, including a pair of fumbles by rookie Mike Pruitt.
Cleveland Municipal Stadium After Browns quarterback Brian Sipe leaves the game in the first half with a concussion, third-string signal caller Dave Mays leads the Browns to victory. Don Cockroft kicks four field goals for Cleveland, with running back Cleo Miller scoring the team's lone touchdown. The most memorable play came with approximately 11 minutes left in the game as the Browns' Joe "Turkey" Jones sacked Terry Bradshaw on a pile-driving sack, injuring the quarterback and forcing him to miss the next two games.
Cleveland Municipal Stadium Trailing 14-7 in the second quarter, the Steelers' Frank Lewis caught a ball that bounced off the Browns' Oliver Davis, then tipped by Davis' teammate, Thom Darden, before being grabbed by Lewis for a 65-yard touchdown pass. In the third quarter, a fumbled punt by the Browns deep in their own territory is recovered by Pittsburgh and results in a Lynn Swann touchdown reception, giving the Steelers the lead for good.
Three Rivers Stadium After taking a 28-3 halftime lead and knocking out Browns quarterback Brian Sipe with a season-ending shoulder injury, the Steelers hold off a fourth quarter rally by the Browns. The Steelers were powered primarily by the pass catching duo of John Stallworth and Lynn Swann, who combined for 255 yards on 11 catches, while scoring three touchdowns.
15–9 (OT)
Three Rivers Stadium After the two teams each kicked three field goals in regulation, they face off in the first-ever overtime game ever in the series. Pittsburgh wins the coin toss to start the extra session, but fumble on the ensuing kick to the Browns. However, an official ruled that the play had been whistled dead before the fumble. Terry Bradshaw then leads the Steelers down the field before calling a double reverse and connecting with tight end Bennie Cunningham for the winning touchdown.
October 15 Steelers
Cleveland Municipal Stadium After Dave Logan's second-quarter touchdown reception gives the Browns a 7-6 lead, Steelers' rookie Larry Anderson takes the subsequent kickoff 95 yards for a touchdown to give Pittsburgh the lead for good. In the third quarter, the Steelers' Mike Wagner's interception leads to another score and effectively puts the game away. Pittsburgh linebacker Jack Lambert was ejected in the second quarter for unnecessary roughness after hitting Browns quarterback Brian Sipe out of bounds, and then punching a second Browns player. In a Howard Cosell interview the next week Lambert comments on the now much quoted event as "Quarterbacks should wear dresses."
Cleveland Municipal Stadium After the Steelers take a 27-0 first half lead, they increase the margin to 30 at 44-14 late in the third quarter. At that point, the Browns' Brian Sipe chops the margin to nine with just over nine minutes left with three of his five touchdown passes on the day. The Steelers then seal the victory with a long clock-eating drive, ending with Sidney Thornton's TD in the final minute. The contest remains the highest scoring game in the series to date.
33–30 (OT)
Three Rivers Stadium After the Steelers' Matt Bahr kicks a last-minute field goal to tie the game at 30, he wins the contest with nine seconds left in overtime on a 37-yard field goal. In a game that lasted more than four hours, the two teams combine for almost 700 passing yards—the Steelers with 606 total yards. The Browns held a 10-point lead at 30-20 with less than 10 minutes remaining, but the Steelers scored a touchdown with 4:42 left, followed by Bahr's field goal with 24 seconds left in regulation.
Cleveland Municipal Stadium Brian Sipe rallies the Kardiac Kids from a 26-14 fourth quarter deficit with touchdown passes to Greg Pruitt and Ozzie Newsome. The Steelers were without Terry Bradshaw, Franco Harris, John Stallworth, Lynn Swann and Jack Lambert who were injured.
Three Rivers Stadium Terry Bradshaw's TD pass to Lynn Swann with eleven seconds left keeps the Browns winless at Three Rivers Stadium.
Three Rivers Stadium Jack Lambert knocks out Brian Sipe with helmet to helmet hit
Cleveland Municipal Stadium A pair of trick plays and three interceptions from defensive back Donnie Shell helps the Steelers effectively eliminate the Browns from playoff competition. Pittsburgh takes control of the game in the third quarter as a fake field goal leads to a Franco Harris touchdown. In the final stanza, a touchdown pass to offensive tackle Ray Pinney gives the team a 15-point advantage.
1982 December 19 Browns
Cleveland Municipal Stadium Browns defensive back Hanford Dixon intercepts three passes, including two in the final minutes as Cleveland stops a four-game losing streak. Punter Steve Cox ran out of the end zone in the closing seconds for a safety to preserve the Browns victory.
January 2 Steelers
Three Rivers Stadium
Cleveland Municipal Stadium
1984 September 23 Browns
Cleveland Municipal Stadium In the first Monday Night Football meeting ever between the two teams, the Browns combined a harassing defense along with touchdowns from second-year running back Earnest Byner and rookie wide receiver Fred Banks to collect their first victory of the season. Steelers' quarterback Mark Malone was intercepted twice in connecting on just 18 of 45 pass attempts.
Three Rivers Stadium Gary Anderson's kick wins it in the final seconds, after the Steelers held Kosar to just 96 total yards during a driving rain storm. The AFC Central is all tied up with every team at 4-5 after this game.
Three Rivers Stadium Browns' first win ever at Three Rivers Stadium.
Cleveland Municipal Stadium Bernie Kosar connects with rookie Webster Slaughter on a game-winning 37-yard pass in overtime to give the Browns their first sweep of Pittsburgh since 1969. Kosar throws for 414 yards for the Browns, who rack up 536 yards of total offense, but the Browns lose kicker Matt Bahr after he suffers a season-ending knee injury.
Three Rivers Stadium The Browns clinch the AFC Central Division title by holding the Steelers to one offensive play in the 4th quarter.
Cleveland Municipal Stadium Browns' last sweep of Steelers to date.
Three Rivers Stadium Biggest margin of victory within the rivalry to date. Also the worst loss for the Steelers in franchise history.
1990 September 9 Browns
December 23 Steelers
Three Rivers Stadium Cleveland's first 3 plays results in 3 turnovers. Pittsburgh converts those turnovers into touchdowns.
Cleveland Municipal Stadium Bernie Kosar has his own Immaculate Reception after a 90 degree deflected pass ends up on top of a knocked down Brown in the Steelers endzone, giving Cleveland the lead. Gary Anderson's last minute FG hits the goal post.
Three Rivers Stadium Steelers head coach Chuck Noll's final game. He retired four days later after 23 seasons.
Cleveland Municipal Stadium Eric Metcalf returns two punts for TDs, including one in the final three minutes for the winning score.
Three Rivers Stadium 1993 season extended into January 1994 due to use of an extra bye week.
Three Rivers Stadium Steelers dominate Browns in clinching the AFC Central Division title.
29–9 Three Rivers Stadium Divisional Playoff game following the 1994 season.
1995 November 13 Steelers
Three Rivers Stadium One week after Art Modell had announced plans to move the Browns to Baltimore, Steelers fans wore orange arm bands in tribute to the seeming end of the rivalry.(The team officially suspended operations until 1999. Officially, the Baltimore Ravens are a 1996 expansion team.)
Cleveland Municipal Stadium Final meeting at Cleveland Stadium. Cleveland officially suspended operations 1996-1998.
Cleveland Browns Stadium First game in history of Cleveland Browns Stadium and Browns' first game back after a 3-year hiatus.
Sunday Night Football.
Three Rivers Stadium Browns gain revenge for season-opening humiliation on Phil Dawson's FG as time expires. Their first win in Pittsburgh since 1989.
Cleveland Browns Stadium
Three Rivers Stadium Final meeting at Three Rivers Stadium.
Heinz Field Game was intended to be first game at new stadium, played September 16, 2001. Because of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, all Week 2 games were moved to the first Sunday or Monday of January 2002.
Heinz Field
36–33 Heinz Field AFC Wild Card Playoff game. Steelers rally from 24-7 third quarter deficit. This game was the origin of the "Renegade" highlight packages being used at Heinz Field.[6]
Heinz Field First (and as of 2014, only) win by the Browns at Heinz Field. To date, the Browns have lost 11 consecutive road games to the Steelers.
Cleveland Browns Stadium Browns running back William Green and Steelers linebacker Joey Porter were both ejected prior to kickoff due to a pregame fight. Akron native James Harrison would get his first NFL start in place of Porter.
Cleveland Browns Stadium Steelers linebacker James Harrison would bodyslam a drunken Browns fan after the fan ran onto the field. The incident, which later became a YouTube sensation, would become the highlight of Harrison's career before his breakout 2007 season.
Cleveland Browns Stadium Ben Roethlisberger throws a 4-yard shovel pass to Willie Parker in the final minute to lead the Steelers to a comeback win.
Heinz Field Willie Parker sets the all-time Steelers single-game rushing record with a 223-yard performance.
2007 September 9 Steelers
Cleveland Browns Stadium The Browns would trade starting quarterback Charlie Frye to the Seattle Seahawks two days following this contest, in which he was replaced by Derek Anderson, making Frye the first QB in NFL history to start a season opener before being traded prior to Week 2. Mike Tomlin's debut as Steelers head coach.
31–28 Heinz Field Steelers come back from being down 21–6. Browns' Phil Dawson misses a 52-yard field goal attempt to tie with 6 seconds left.
10–6 Cleveland Browns Stadium The Steelers defeated the Browns as remnants of Hurricane Ike hit Cleveland with rain and winds of Script error: No such module "convert".. The game's only touchdown was a Ben Roethlisberger pass to Hines Ward.
31–0 Heinz Field
27–14 Heinz Field
13–6 Cleveland Browns Stadium The Browns defeated the Steelers for the first time since 2003 in what was called the coldest game in the history of the rivalry with a windchill of 10 degrees below zero. They would give Steelers QB Ben Roethlisberger only his second loss to an Ohio-based NFL team in his home state of Ohio after his team lost in Cincinnati earlier on in the same season.
2010s (Steelers 8–2)
28–10 Heinz Field The Steelers wore their throwback uniform in this game.[7] This was Roethlisberger's 2010 debut after serving a 4 game suspension to begin the season.
41–9 Cleveland Browns Stadium
2011 December 8 Steelers
14–3 Heinz Field Thursday Night Football. Roethlisberger sprained ankle in first half, but came back hobbled in second half to lead Pittsburgh to victory. In fourth quarter, Browns defense holds on a goal-line stand, Ike Taylor makes critical end-zone interception and Roethlisberger finds Antonio Brown on deep pass play to seal the game.
13–9 Cleveland Browns Stadium Final game of the regular season for both teams
20–14 Cleveland Browns Stadium The Browns defense forced eight turnovers (3 interceptions, 5 fumbles) in the Cleveland win. Charlie Batch started at quarterback for the Steelers in place of the injured Roethlisberger.
24–10 Heinz Field Final game of the regular season for both teams. Thad Lewis started for the Browns in place of the injured Weeden and McCoy.
27-11 FirstEnergy Stadium
20-7 Heinz Field Final game of the regular season for both teams.
30-27 Heinz Field Steelers dominate first half going ahead 27-3 at halftime. Browns move into a tie in the 4th quarter tied at 27. Suisham nails 41-yard field goal to win it for the Steelers 30-27. Browns lose their 10th straight regular season opening game.
31-10 FirstEnergy Stadium Most lopsided Browns win in the rivalry since 1989. QB Ben Roethlisberger's 2nd loss to Cleveland in 20 starts.
The Three Rivers Jinx. When the Steelers moved to Three Rivers Stadium in 1970, they defeated the Browns 16 straight times before the Browns finally broke through with a win in 1986. The Browns eventually went on to post a miserable all-time mark (5-24, .172) at the stadium from 1970-2000. At Heinz Field (opened 2001), the Steelers lead 13-1. Since the 1970 merger, the Browns are 6-37 at Pittsburgh. Before that, they had won 16 of their first 20 visits (1950-1969).
Likewise, the Steelers posted a less-than-spectacular record (14-32, .304) at the Browns' old facility, Cleveland Municipal Stadium, from 1950-1995. At Cleveland Browns Stadium (opened 1999), the Steelers lead 11-4. Since 1974 (their first Super Bowl season), the Steelers lead 18-17 in Cleveland. Beforehand, the Steelers had lost 19 of 24 on the road (1950-1973).
The greatest defeat in Steelers history occurred on the season opener (September 10) of the 1989 NFL season in Pittsburgh when the Browns won 51-0. Nearly ten years to the day (September 12), when the Browns returned to the league in the 1999 NFL season, the Steelers defeated them in their first game back 43-0, still the revived Browns' worst loss as well as the Steelers' most lopsided defeat ever of the Browns.
The game is the most played rivalry in the AFC and fifth most played in the NFL. Among the top 5 NFL rivalries however, the win-loss difference of 11 games (9 regular season games) arguably makes it the most contested in the league.
^ "Steelers-Browns Rivalry Over?". CBSPittsburgh.com. October 14, 2010. Retrieved February 9, 2011.
^ Schudel, Jeff (August 19, 2009). "BROWNS NOTES: No blackout, thanks to WKYC". The Morning Journal.
^ McIntyre, Michael K. (October 25, 2008). "Fighting words if you're Steelers". Cleveland.com.
^ AP Browns Must Get Offense to Renew Steelers Rivalry The New York Times (Accessed 10/24/2009)
^ Mike Bires (11-03-2011). "Renegade: A Nation's Anthem". timesonline.com. Retrieved 12-06-2011. Check date values in: |date=, |accessdate= (help)
Browns vs Steelers at pro-football-reference.com
Cleveland vs Pittsburgh at afc-north.com
Based in Cleveland, Ohio
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This is the inspiring children's story of Stephen Curry, a boy who became a star. This is the story of a young boy who nobody believed could be an NBA super star because he was too small. But he decided to follow his dream, worked hard, and overcame all obstacles to become one of the best basketball players in history. Perfect gift for all basketball fans. Perfect audiobook to teach children to work hard to make their dreams come true.
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Oru Adaar Love seems like a quickly put together movie trying to cash in on the rather unexpected publicity that came its way.
It is their 1st day at college. She appearance at him and blushes. His eyes illumine and a giant smile is plastered on his face. Love is clearly within the air. each are already interested in one another and that they both comprehend it. Omar sweetheart explores adolescent romance, the primary flush of affection and therefore the persistent feelings related to it as children remodel into adolescence. However, one is reminded of patron saint Claude Bernard Shaw's quip on old flame, that it's solely a touch foolishness and plenty of curiosity. Is there nothing else on a teenager's mind aside from being wanting to be with a girl?
The protagonist, Roshan, is loving with Priya with all his adolescent fantasies. The roles are contend by Roshan Abdul Rahoof and therefore the illustrious Priya Prakash Varrier whose names are the identical within the picture too. Roshan's resolved mission is to win her hand and his partners within the mission are his friends, together with his best brother, Gadha John (Noorin Shereef). whereas boys together with Roshan are urgently attempting to 'set' – a expression of the time — themselves with the ladies they're interested in, Gadha believes that life is way quite chasing someone. because the picture progresses, it makes one give some thought to the variations between attraction, infatuation and love. curiously, the angle is additional or less from a male purpose of read, the exception being Gadha's character. In her case too, there's not a lot of of distinction in approach; there is a scene wherever 2 of her friends fall for a woman and she or he suggests that they settle the difficulty by agitated a coin. academics are delineated as buffoons and that they usually become the happy stock. The sequence wherever the scholars pay a tribute to Kalabhavan Mani is splendidly choregraphed.
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Home Miami Law News Articles 2017 October Health Rights Clinic Challenges State over Post-Irma Food Voucher Debacle
Health Rights Clinic Challenges State over Post-Irma Food Voucher Debacle
Catharine Skipp
Thomas Voracek, a second-year law student, was among the Health Rights Clinic students reaching out to their clients to make sure they knew about the Florida's post-hurricane relief in the form of food stamp distribution. To save time, he pre-registered online one of his clients, a 66-year-old Haitian man.
main-health-rights2.gif
Professor JoNel Newman and 2L Thomas Voracek
Saturday morning, Voracek picked up his client, and they arrived at the nearest distribution site around 10 a.m. Police told them the center was already closed for the day, even though online information indicated the centers were open until 6 p.m.
They visited a second site before noon, checking with the state agency, the Department of Children and Families, that the center was open. When they arrived, the location, too, had already closed for the day.
Vorcek dropped off his client, securing a statement from the man authorizing the law student to act on his behalf to ensure the much-needed benefit.
Vorcek even stopped at a third center on his way home: the same situation, closed for the day.
The law student was determined to help his client and arrived at a distribution center at Tropical Park just after 5 a.m. Sunday morning, only to be faced with hundreds of people who had camped out overnight and a line numbering over 1,000. It was the last day of the five-day food stamp distribution.
Police were only allowing a handful of people at a time to enter the tents. He realized, even if he waited all day, it was unlikely he would secure the DSNAP food stamp card for his client.
"It's hard to have to tell him I couldn't get him the help he desperately needs," he told the Miami Herald. "We're talking about someone who is afraid they won't be able to pay rent."
Clinic Director JoNel Newman was so enraged by Voracek's experience, and others like it, that she reached out to other advocacy groups to demand that DCF reopen the distribution centers to allow impoverished Floridians access to the benefit.
Tens of thousands had lined up for the five-day distribution at four sites in Miami-Dade for the post-hurricane food stamps. Many left empty-handed after waiting for hours in temperatures that soared into the 90s as centers closed without notice.
"The rollout of DSNAP in Miami-Dade County was wholly inadequate on every level," Newman wrote in a letter to DCF. "DCF failed to adequately staff and provide sufficient application sites to accommodate the reasonably anticipated number of applicants."
In the letter signed by the clinic and ten advocacy groups including the Community Justice Project, the Miami Workers Center, Advocacy Partners Team, Catalyst Miami, and Florida Voices for Health, Newman demanded that the DCF immediately announce and implement a plan to reopen and add more registration sites for a more extended period.
"We observed poor organization, lack of notice to applicants, insufficient accommodations for the disabled and elderly and arbitrary site closures, some early in the morning when sites were advertised to be open until 7 p.m.," Newman wrote.
"In a county of this size, I don't know how they thought they could do this in five days," Newman told the Miami Herald. "We are talking about a huge population of people who are in desperate need of basic necessities."
More on the Health Rights Clinic.
HEALTH RIGHTS CLINIC
Three Miami Law Clinics Recognized for Immigrant Child Advocacy


Watford have won their opening three matches of a top-flight season for the first time in their history courtesy of a 2-1 victory over Crystal Palace at Vicarage Road on Sunday.
Javi Gracia's side survived a number of scares in the opening stages of the first half, but eventually broke the deadlock through Roberto Pereyra eight minutes into the second half.
A fluke goal from Jose Holebas set the hosts well on course for a third win from three, but Zaha pulled a goal back 12 minutes from time to give Palace a glimmer of hope late on.
However, the Hornets held out to record their best-ever start to a top-flight campaign, moving level on points with Liverpool at the top of the early Premier League table in the process.
The Hornets will have been the happier of the two sides to go into the break still level, though, and they took full advantage of their first-half let-offs by coming flying out of the blocks for the second half.
Indeed, they should have broken the deadlock just seconds after restart when Troy Deeney's looping header was missed by Capoue but fell at the feet of Will Hughes, who saw his strike smothered by Hennessey at point-blank range.
Abdoulaye Doucoure then blasted one effort high and wide with teammates better placed in the middle before turning provider by teeing up Pereyra, who could not keep his shot down from inside the box.
Palace slowly began to settle into the second half and came close to an equaliser when Benteke chested the ball down before curling a powerful strike inches wide of the top corner – a rare highlight in another otherwise toothless display from the striker.
It proved to be a pivotal moment of the match too, with Watford doubling their advantage in serendipitous style just two minutes later when Holebas's intended cross drifted over everyone's heads and into the far top corner.
Joel Ward was left completely unmarked from a corner and looked certain to nod the ball past Foster from the centre of the penalty area, but instead he planted his header wide of the target when he should have scored.
The miss was the final nail in the coffin for a Palace side who see their five-match unbeaten streak away from home in the league come to an end, also falling to successive top-flight defeats for the first time since March.
Watford, meanwhile, have now won three Premier League games in a row for the first time since December 2015 and their opening three matches of a season for only the fourth time in their history, regardless of the division.


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Home Insurance, News
98% of New Ontario Sewers Leak. How Does It Affect Your Home Insurance?
Craig Sebastiano
Dec. 21, 20
Recent research across Ontario indicates nearly all new sanitary sewer systems that were checked — 98% of them — aren't performing as they should be, according to research by Norton Engineering.
"There are standards for how a sewer should perform. And for a sewer, performance means how much it leaks and whether it's structurally sound," says Barbara Robinson, president and founder of the Kitchener, Ont.-based firm specializing exclusively in sewers. "A little bit of leakage is fine. What we're seeing is that we're sometimes exceeding this by 10 or 20 times."
That is a problem because clean water — groundwater and rainwater — is getting into sewers. This extra water takes up capacity in the sewer during large storms, which increases flood risk and the extent of flooding. With climate change, sewers are expected to be under additional pressure.
All this extra water can also decrease the lifespan of a sewer. The rule of thumb is that a new sewer is expected to last 75 years. But when too much clean water gets in, it can cause the ground beneath the sewer to shift — which can lead to failure.
The sewers she surveyed were those built by developers in new subdivisions. Once the developer has finished building, the roads and the sewer system are handed over to the municipality.
But the problem is that not a lot of research has gone into how well a sewer performs before it's handed over to a municipality. There currently isn't a provincial law that requires them to be tested, nor do all municipalities require that a system be tested. However, these laws are being updated now based on her research.
A quick primer on sewers
There are typically two primary types of sewers, separated and combined. Older cities like Toronto and Hamilton have combined sewer systems. A combined system uses just one pipe to carry both sewage and stormwater, and it all ends up at a wastewater treatment plant. Combined sewer systems are no longer legal to construct, but many legacy combined systems still exist and are being replaced.
A separated system, which is modern, has separate sanitary and storm sewers. The sanitary sewer takes water from toilets, sinks, dishwashers, and washing machines to be treated. The storm sewer captures water and snowmelt, which is released into waterways.
There are also public and private sewers. A municipality owns the public sewer while a homeowner owns the private sewer. The private sewer is called a sanitary service lateral or a sewer lateral, which is a pipe that connects your home to the public sewer.
Sometimes there are can also be problems with the private sanitary service lateral because the building codes that govern their design and construction weren't developed with sewers in mind. Most of the construction of this private sewer takes place without third-party oversight, and most municipalities don't require an inspection of the connection of the private sewer to the public sewer at the property line.
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Flood prevention tips for homeowners
Homeowners need to be aware of what they can do to stop flooding.
"The first thing a homeowner should do is to get a good understanding of their drainage," says Dan Sandink, director of research at the Institute for Catastrophic Loss Reduction in Toronto.
If the lot grading (sloping land to direct water flow away from the foundation) isn't right, it can be a flood-risk issue. Also, if your downspouts and foundation drains are connected to the sewer system, he says it's a good indication that you may be at higher risk and contributing to your neighbours' flood risk.
"Aside from these heavy rainfalls and related flooding, a big cause of water in basements from sewer backup is your failed sanitary sewer or storm sewer connection," adds Sandink.
Homeowners or those considering buying a home should get their sanitary sewer lateral inspected by a third-party plumber using a closed-circuit television camera. This is recommended for both existing homes and new builds, says Robinson. "An inspection that might cost $350 as a preventative measure for basement flooding is a very inexpensive way to protect your property." It's also recommended that all homeowners have their sewer lateral inspected every five years to ensure that the pipe is in good working order.
One solution to preventing sewer backup is getting water out of the sewer system. If your downspouts and foundation drains aren't already disconnected from the system, many municipalities have subsidy programs for disconnecting them.
Other mitigation measures include installing a sump pump with backup power and a sewage backwater valve. Both of these devices should be inspected and cleaned twice a year. A plumber can show you how to do this or do it for you.
The costs for homeowners
Having mitigation measures in place may reduce the cost of home insurance, but Sandink says insurers might not be aware of the engineering or municipally controlled aspects of leaking sewers.
However, insurance companies will know what areas are high risk — such as low-lying or flood-prone areas — and that will affect your premiums. Also, if you've experienced a flooding problem in the past, you'll likely face higher insurance costs.
The cost of flooding is high, both financially and mentally. The Insurance Bureau of Canada notes that the average cost to repair a flooded basement in the Greater Toronto Area is $40,000.
And a 2018 report from the Intact Centre on Climate Adaptation says some homeowners who experienced a flooded basement could face many mental health issues, including post-traumatic stress disorder. Also, those who experienced a flood were still worried three years after the fact. Forty-eight per cent of them were very worried when it rained compared to 3% of those who didn't experience a flood in their home.
Until standards are improved, and municipalities regularly ensure new public and private sewers aren't leaking, homeowners will keep making claims that could have been avoided. However, you can also take action to try to reduce the risk of flooding and avoid filing a home insurance claim.
Craig Sebastiano is an award-winning writer and editor with more than a decade of experience in journalism, marketing, and communications. He's written about a number of financial topics, including investing, real estate, robo-advisors, mortgages, credit cards, pensions, taxes, insurance, RRSPs, and TFSAs. Craig's work has appeared in MoneySense, Morningstar, Benefits Canada, Advisor's Edge, Job Postings, and Ryerson University Magazine. He has completed the Canadian Securities Course and is an avid do-it-yourself investor.
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MacLeod Builders recently completed this extensive building renovation and revitalization project for River Valley School – Early Learning Campus in Bowness, Calgary. The site had previously been unused for 15 years and subject to serious neglect and vandalism. The project involved the safe and complete remediation and removal of asbestos; installation of all new interior finishes including doors, frames, entrances, flooring, paint and fixtures. All new architectural millwork, non‐structural framing, electrical, boiler, security and life safety systems were added to complete the interior renovation. Finally, new asphalt was laid in the courtyard – just in time to greet the new school year.
The result? On schedule, on budget, superior quality and a school full of happy students, teachers and support staff.


Part of a new line of nautical themed belly rings. Features large press-fit CZ gem. This belly ring also features a brass diver's helmet dangle. Shaft measures 14ga with an overall length of 3/8″(10mm). Made of 316L surgical steel – highest quality.


text:
Toronto on Amazon's shortlist for second headquarters
"U of T is a big part of our success story," says Mayor Tory
By Carey Davis
Published: 5:03 am, 5 February 2018
Tags: Amazon, John Tory
TESS KING/THE VARSITY
http://var.st/37k
The Toronto region has earned a spot on Amazon's shortlist for a second headquarters, to be launched by the end of this year. The addition would bring $5 billion in investments and create as many as 50,000 jobs for its host city.
The 20-city shortlist, released January 18, named Toronto as the only non-American city in the running to host the tech giant's newest project. The project, called Amazon HQ2, received proposals from 238 North American cities when the company called for submissions in September 2017.
Finalists are to be informed of next steps within the coming weeks. Toby Lennox, CEO of Toronto Global — which worked in shaping Toronto's HQ2 bid — indicated that the Toronto region is anxiously waiting to hear back from Amazon.
Lennox said that Toronto's proposal to Amazon, made in October 2017, highlighted Toronto as a hub for high quality talent, stemming from its universities. The proposal was "an opportunity for us to hold up a mirror to ourselves," he told The Varsity.
"We are now a really big, complicated, dynamic, and vibrant city. We're a global player," said Lennox. "It's all the work that all the people have put in to Toronto to make it the region that it is now. And it's great to see us for what we are."
While Amazon provided no explicit rationale for selecting the top 20, Lennox and Toronto Mayor John Tory cited Canadian openness to immigration and the city's innovative growth as major assets attracting corporate investment.
In a statement to The Varsity, Tory emphasized the significance of educational capital, which he said was incorporated as a key selling point of Toronto in the bid to Amazon.
"Our pitch to Amazon highlights the fact we are building a Future-Proofed Talent Pipeline, including a 25% boost in the number of STEM graduates in Ontario," reads Tory's statement. "U of T is a big part of our success story."
Tory said that the university-affiliated Vector Institute "is helping build our reputation in technology and around the world."
Lennox noted Amazon's interest in working with universities engaged in research and development. The company hires university interns and full-time employees in the United States, and Lennox hopes that HQ2 would carry that pattern north.
There would still be drawbacks to HQ2 in Toronto, said Shauna Brail, Director of the Urban Studies Program at U of T and a Senior Associate at the Munk School's Innovation Policy Lab.
Among those drawbacks would be Amazon shifting the job market away from the service and manufacturing industries with augmented automation. Brail also illuminated the consequences HQ2 could impose on Toronto's already oversaturated and expensive housing market.
Even if the Toronto region is not Amazon's ultimate choice, Tory, Lennox, and Brail all agree that this sort of investment interest reflects Toronto's already flourishing tech sector and economy at large.
If Toronto doesn't win, "it doesn't change the city's fundamental attractiveness to other companies," said Lennox. "This is our opportunity. It's like we've already won this thing. Let's keep going at it. And if Amazon comes here, great. We're still going to keep doing the same things."


The all-natural wrinkle prevention skincare system.
AMBRA is designed for intensive dry skin care. It prevents the skin from drying; moisturizes it and increases its elasticity. AMBRA conditions, rejuvenates and strengthens skin cells as well as smoothens wrinkles and makes them shallower.
• Natural Amber Acid extracted and purified from Baltic Amber.
• Argan Oil otherwise known as the 'Liquid Gold' contains 'the Vitamin of Youth'.
• Hyaluronic Acid known for enhancing appearance of dry and damaged skin.
• Moisturizes and nourishes skin.
• Easy to use, Safe, all-natural.
• Beautifully designed packaging, great gift idea.
• Apply the cream on clean face, neck and cleavage lines of the skin in the morning and evening.
Introducing AMBRA our natural anti-wrinkle prevention cream. All natural composed on Baltic Amber Acid, Artan Oil and Hyaluronic Acid.
AMBRA is an anti-wrinkle cream made with natural ingredients. It nurtures the skin and replenishes it with vitality. It was designed to reduce wrinkles, and giving users a fresh, youthful look.
Unlike other skincare creams on the market, AMBRA is made using natural active contents exclusively. The magic happens with the combination of powerful elements, such as Baltic amber acid, as well as organ oil and hyaluronic acid. These natural elements have a stunning moisturizing effect. In addition to that, their prized bioactive properties are extremely beneficial to the skin.
Keeping the skin moistened is essential to wrinkle reduction, and AMBRA is absolutely ideal for this purpose. It can be applied gently on various areas of the body and/or the face, and simply let it settle in and work its way into your skin.
AMBRA was tested on many senior patients with wrinkle issues, and the results were astonishingly positive. After using the cream over a period of time, the patients' wrinkles actually reduced dramatically. The result? Skin that looks healthier and younger.


I couldn't let this slip by.
The following comments come from the venerable Wolf Blass, 75 years young this week. An outspoken wine industry icon, Wolf is credited with much over his years, yet you wouldn't know judging by the quality of much of the wines that presently bear his name.
I mean, have you tried the latest Wolf Blass wines? Embarrassing caricatures, weedy rubbish, and commercial shiite, only salvaged by the high quality Riesling & the odd Gold Label Chardonnay & Black Label red.
Yet old Wolf has still got it in him, even if I don't agree with everything in this excerpt (like making Australia famous for spritzy sweet wines. Erm, no thanks).
no promotion or no propaganda and you are nothing. fair dinkum wolf, that is a massive generalist statement – what about the Giaconda's, Bindi's and Clonakilla's; no promotion, no propaganda and still they sell their wine out the moment it is released (parden generalisation).
these three producers do not need wine shows or advertising material to sell wine – good fruit and good winemaking does that.
I've made plenty of mistakes, but this rubbish from WB is as bad as anything I've ever done. And he SHOULD know better. Sad.


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Rebalancing public service delivery in Cambridgeshire
This week marks a year since the publication of Rebalancing Act, a resource jointly produced by Revolving Doors Agency, Public Health England and the Home Office. Rebalancing Act was designed to support a broad range stakeholders in understanding and addressing the health inequalities experienced by people in contact with the criminal justice system (CJS) and reducing offending. In this blog, Jason Ablewhite, Police and Crime Commissioner for Cambridgeshire and Peterborough, discusses how local organisations need to work together to move away from crisis management to prevention and support.
Far too often people facing multiple disadvantage find themselves stuck in the revolving door of crisis and crime. Health and social problems amongst those in contact with the criminal justice system are high and public services are operating under serious financial constraints. It's therefore crucial that local organisations work better together to find systematic solutions to what are complex problems.
Improving the life potential for people with multiple and complex needs, whether mental ill health, substance misuse, domestic abuse and homelessness has to be something we all play a part in. Being Police and Crime Commissioner for Cambridgeshire and Peterborough puts me in a strong position to both influence and work with other local agencies to find those solutions.
So what progress have we made?
Cambridgeshire Constabulary introduced a scheme that supports people at risk from reoffending in 2016, in partnership with HMP Peterborough and their community-based Outside Links service. The new approach tackles the root causes of early offending behaviour by offering conditional cautions.
Conditional Cautions are agreed on an individual basis by multi-agency assessment and examples of the kind of issues where support has been available for individuals include housing issues, anger management, drugs or alcohol misuse, mental health and support for debt management.
With signs of early success in Peterborough, the scheme was rolled out county-wide last year. To date, over 500 conditional cautions have been issued, with high levels of compliance.
One of the individuals whose life is now back on track thanks to support from the programme is Kate. When Kate first received a conditional caution and came into contact with Outside Links, it was clear she needed support. She had a drink problem and was homeless. After several conversations it became clear that Kate's behaviour was influenced by a number of domestic issues both historically and currently. Outside Links were able to put a programme in place, introducing her to new people and helping her with her alcohol problem, with weekly counselling to help her rebuild her life.
Looking forward we need to continue to work together to move away from crisis management to prevention and support. Early steps have been made but there is still more that can be done. We need to better understand the needs of people who continue to re-offend, and to engage with communities, particularly service users, to deliver more effective and joined up public services.
Other areas in which we have made progress include:
The introduction of three mental health nurses in the force's 999 control room who provide officers with real time clinical advice on the best way to support and keep people safe in a suspected mental health crisis.
Hosting a regional partnership event with East of England LGA and Public Health England, in March last year. 'Safer Communities through Stronger Partnerships in the East' brought local organisations and decision makers together to understand how effective partnership approaches can tackle some of the key challenges around community safety. Based on its success, another regional partnership event is planned this year around early intervention in adverse childhood experiences, looking at the latest research and examples of local practice in trauma informed service.
It is clear to me that in the face of complex economic and social pressures, we must think and act differently and continue to transform the way we work through collaboration and partnership. However, it can only work if we all work together to inject the right amount of energy into bringing about an end to the so-called 'revolving door'.


Young Life College Director Andy Morrison and First Pres College Ministry invite you to join us at UCCS for Young Life Club each Tuesday night at 7:47 p.m. in the Breckenridge Building on UCCS campus room 5101. This is a time for fun, building real relationships and talking about what we believe. All are welcome, and we hope to see you there.


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Q: trying to get single item from list I have a fairly bare bones mern stack and im trying to call getUsers and then retrieve a single user from the returned list of users.
however using [] doesnt seem to work.  It looks like getUsers correctly returns the list of users but idk how to pull a single one out

user-ctrl.js
const User = require('../models/user-model')

createUser = (req, res) => {
    const body = req.body

    if (!body) {
        return res.status(400).json({
            success: false,
            error: 'You must provide a user',
        })
    }

    const user = new User(body)

    if (!user) {
        return res.status(400).json({ success: false, error: err })
    }

    user
        .save()
        .then(() => {
            return res.status(201).json({
                success: true,
                id: user._id,
                message: 'User created!',
            })
        })
        .catch(error => {
            return res.status(400).json({
                error,
                message: 'User not created!',
            })
        })
}

updateUser = async (req, res) => {
    const body = req.body

    if (!body) {
        return res.status(400).json({
            success: false,
            error: 'You must provide a body to update',
        })
    }

    User.findOne({ _id: req.params.id }, (err, user) => {
        if (err) {
            return res.status(404).json({
                err,
                message: 'User not found!',
            })
        }
        user.name = body.name
        user.email = body.email
        user
            .save()
            .then(() => {
                return res.status(200).json({
                    success: true,
                    id: user._id,
                    message: 'User updated!',
                })
            })
            .catch(error => {
                return res.status(404).json({
                    error,
                    message: 'User not updated!',
                })
            })
    })
}

deleteUser = async (req, res) => {
    await User.findOneAndDelete({ _id: req.params.id }, (err, user) => {
        if (err) {
            return res.status(400).json({ success: false, error: err })
        }

        if (!user) {
            return res
                .status(404)
                .json({ success: false, error: `User not found` })
        }

        return res.status(200).json({ success: true, data: user })
    }).catch(err => console.log(err))
}

getUserById = async (req, res) => {
    await User.findOne({ _id: req.params.id }, (err, user) => {
        if (err) {
            return res.status(400).json({ success: false, error: err })
        }

        if (!user) {
            return res
                .status(404)
                .json({ success: false, error: `User not found` })
        }
        return res.status(200).json({ success: true, data: user })
    }).catch(err => console.log(err))
}

getUsers = async (req, res) => {
    await User.find({}, (err, users) => {
        if (err) {
            return res.status(400).json({ success: false, error: err })
        }
        if (!users.length) {
            return res
                .status(404)
                .json({ success: false, error: `User not found` })
        }
        return res.status(200).json({ success: true, data: users })
    }).catch(err => console.log(err))
}

module.exports = {
    createUser,
    updateUser,
    deleteUser,
    getUsers,
    getUserById,
}

A: You need to actually call the getUsers function (with parenthesis), and then wait for the promise to resolve, with await
var allUsers = await UserCtrl.getUsers();
var defaultUser = allUsers[0];

or
UserCtl.getUsers()
  .then(u=>u[0])
  .then(user=>{
     // insert code that uses the user here
   })

A: It's a promise, so try with async/await
var allUsers = await UserCtrl.getUsers();
var defaultUser = allUsers[0];

To make await work, put async infront of your method:
async createUser = (req, res) => {

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Keyword Analysis & Research: EnergyAustralia
EnergyAustralia 1.33 1 6780 100 15
Keyword Research: People who searched EnergyAustralia also searched
energyaustralia 1.25 0.5 6048 91
energyaustralia my account 1.66 0.6 8116 30
energyaustralia.com.au 0.4 1 2431 100
energyaustralia plans 0.14 0.4 4672 26
energyaustralia pay my bill 0.94 1 9033 96
energyaustralia online 0.42 0.7 9450 28
energyaustralia careers 1.33 0.7 3685 37
energyaustralia/move 0.02 1 4294 23
energyaustralia live chat 1.43 0.6 1357 67
energy australia login 0.04 1 8993 47
energy australia contact 0.7 1 6586 31
energyaustralia my account login 0.97 0.3 2112 25
energy australia my account online 0.95 0.1 1889 95
energy australia my account register 1.61 0.8 395 14
energy australia my account pay 1.28 0.6 4576 44
energy australia my account login nsw 1.39 1 1653 67
energy australia my account contact 1.1 0.5 4104 13
energy australia my account direct debit 1.01 0.2 7156 60
energy australia my account app 0.64 0.3 3462 91
What kind of energy does Australia use?
Much of the energy exported from Australia is used for generating electricity overseas; three times as much thermal black coal is exported as is used in Australia, and all of the uranium production is exported. Australia also exports a significant amount of energy in mineral products.
What is the energy consumption in Australia?
Energy consumption in Australia The most important measure in the energy balance of Australia is the total consumption of . 229.40 billion kWh. of electric energy per year. Per capita this is an average of 8,931 kWh. Australia can provide itself completely with self-produced energy. The total production of all electric energy producing ...
Search Results related to EnergyAustralia on Search Engine
EnergyAustralia | Award-Winning Electricity & Gas …
energyaustralia.com.au
https://www.energyaustralia.com.au/
WebEnergyAustralia ResponsePro; Progressive Purchasing; Energy Solutions. Solar PV and …
Log in to My Account | EnergyAustralia
https://www.energyaustralia.com.au/myaccount-login
WebEnergyAustralia ResponsePro; Progressive Purchasing; Energy Solutions. Solar PV and Battery Storage; LED Lighting; Energy Sustainability; Power Factor Correction; My Account; Help & Support. Contact us; Contract …
EnergyAustralia - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EnergyAustralia
OverviewHistoryOperationsCarbon neutral electricitySustainabilityProposed projectsEnergy generation and assetsEnergyAustralia (formerly TRUenergy) is an electricity generation, electricity and gas retailing private company in Australia, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Hong Kong-based and listed China Light and Power (CLP Group). EnergyAustralia also had a portfolio of generating sites using thermal coal, natural gas, hydro-electric, solar energy, and wind power. Founded: 1995; 27 years ago Key people: Mark Collette (MD)
Founded: 1995; 27 years ago
Key people: Mark Collette (MD)
Login - EnergyAustralia
https://ci.energyaustralia.com.au/Identity/Account/Login
WebCurrent EnergyAustralia customers interested in PurchasePro please contact your …
EnergyAustralia latest to be hit by cyber-attack as details of …
https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2022/oct/21/energyaustralia-latest-to-be-hit-by-cyber-attack-as-details-of-hundreds-of-customers-exposed
WebOct 21, 2022 · EnergyAustralia has become the latest company to be targeted by a …
EnergyAustralia | LinkedIn
https://www.linkedin.com/company/energyaustralia
WebRenewable and reliable energy? We're doing it. | EnergyAustralia is one of Australia's largest energy companies, providing energy for more than 1.7m Australians.
EnergyAustralia - Rates, Review, Pros & Cons January …
finder.com.au
https://www.finder.com.au/energy/energyaustralia
WebJan 10, 2023 · EnergyAustralia offers reasonably priced plans that, for the most part, …
EnergyAustralia - Apps on Google Play
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=au.com.energyaustralia.nsmobile&gl=US
WebThe EnergyAustralia app empowers you to take control of your electricity and gas accounts. Using the same login as EnergyAustralia's 'My Account' portal, you'll easily manage your payments and personal details, while …
EnergyAustralia (state government enterprise) - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EnergyAustralia_(state_government_enterprise)
WebEnergyAustralia has origins over 100 years old, and was formed after a merger in 1996 between Orion Energy (formerly Shortland Electricity and Shortland County Council) and Sydney Electricity (formerly Sydney …
EnergyAustralia - Home | Facebook
https://www.facebook.com/EnergyAustralia/
WebOur 2022 Energy Charter Disclosure outlining improvements in serving and supporting our 1.6 million customers during 2021-22 and initiatives underway to lead and accelerate the clean energy transition for all. We …
world-nuclear.org
https://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-a-f/appendices/australia-s-electricity.aspx
worlddata.info
https://www.worlddata.info/australia/australia/energy-consumption.php


text:
Sunday _ Thursday 08:00 - 17:00
Acacia Learning CIPD Level 3 Certificate
CIPD Level 3 Foundation Certificate in People Practice
CIPD Overview
CIPD Level 3
Foundation Certificate in People Practice in Kuwait
Course Days : 9 Days
Instructor : Kevin Haslam
Course Location : Live Online
Course Fees :1,385 KWD
Please fill in the below information to proceed with Acacia CIPD Registration..
Submit →
Certificate Schedule
Certificate Details
Certificate Outlines
Run No.
Block No.
Timings - Kuwait
Block 1 25 June 2021 26 June 2021 Friday: 2:00pm - 7:30pm
Saturday: 09.30am – 2.30pm COMPLETED
Block 2 30 July 2021 31 July 2021 Friday: 2:00pm - 7:30pm
Saturday: 09.30am – 2.30pm
Block 3 20 August 2021 21 August 2021 Friday: 2:00pm - 7:30pm
Block 4 24 September 2021
08 October 2021 25 September 2021
09 October 2021 Friday: 2:00pm - 7:30pm
Block 1 15 October 2021 16 October 2021 Friday: 2:00pm - 7:30pm
Saturday: 09.30am – 2.30pm CLOSED
Block 2 19 November 2021 20 November 2021 Friday: 2:00pm - 7:30pm
Block 3 17 December 2021 18 December 2021 Friday: 2:00pm - 7:30pm
Block 4 21 January 2022 22 January 2022 Friday: 2:00pm - 7:30pm
Block 5 04 February 2022 04 February 2022 Friday: 2:00pm - 7:30pm
Why this certificate is Right for You?
This course is perfect for you if:
You're just starting out in your HR career, or are working in an HR support role but don't have a formal qualification.
You want to become an Associate Member of the CIPD
You want to progress to higher levels of CIPD study, such as the CIPD Level 5 Associate Diploma in Organisational Learning and Development
You're a line manager responsible for people management, development and training.
This qualification introduces the learner to a wide range of relevant knowledge and expertise in people practice. It is suited to those learners who:
are studying, aspiring to, or embarking on, a career in people practice
are working in a people practice support role and wish to develop their knowledge and deliver immediate and short-term value for their organisation
wish to develop the specialist knowledge, skills and understanding required to be a people professional.
Targeted Audience
Those who are just starting out in HR or L&D.
Support role staff who wish to develop their knowledge in HR or L&D.
Those seeking to gain a professional qualification to help further their HR or L&D career.
Instructor-Led, 9 days training course.
Coursework activities and assignments to be given during class.
You'll Study 4 Units:
Your CIPD Membership
A CIPD Membership is a personal investment, one with many benefits for people professionals and up to date current thinking in the profession. Membership has the potential to have a clear impact on your career. Through CIPD expertise and research you will have access to valuable viewpoints on the rapidly changing world of work, the standards for the HR and L&D profession and the know-how to achieve organisational success. Members also have exclusive access to current research, Podcast, Factsheets, case studies and journals assisting in the development of individuals and organisations globally.
Participants' membership with the CIPD is completed directly by the participants and not included in course fees. Fees are set by the CIPD, for up-to-date information on membership pricing: https://www.cipd.co.uk/membership/become-member/fees
Does this diploma have an exam?
No, this diploma has assignments & each assignment is to be submitted at the end of every block
What do I do if I refer in any of the assignments?
If you are referred on the first submission you then have one further opportunity to submit and pass the unit with support from your tutor
Is there a particular score for the assignments?
No, it is either a pass/refer
How much of the Diploma must I attend to be eligible to obtain the certificate?
To fulfill CIPD and Acacia Learning requirements learners are required to attend a minimum of 80% per unit in order to be certificated at the end of the programme.
When do I receive the certificate?
After successful completion and passing all units your certificate is claimed by Acacia Learning UK and takes 8-12 weeks to be delivered
Is there any funding for the course?
There is no funding available for the programme