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2018 Convention Resolutions
Celebrating "85 Years Strong"
Fifth Annual Member Convention – September 15, 2018
Whereas SEIU Healthcare Minnesota is celebrating its 85th anniversary as a healthcare workers' Union on September 23, 2018; and
Whereas the original National Labor Relations Act, when it was passed by Congress, left out occupations like agricultural work, domestic work and healthcare work, jobs which were comprised primarily of women and people of color, because the work was not considered "Real Work"; and
Whereas a few hundred workers in Twin Cities hospitals came together anyway and voted to strike to form this Union; and
Whereas our Union was born out of this struggle against racism and gender discrimination and for the right to form a Union; and
Whereas our Union has grown to include workers from all over the state of Minnesota, in every county and every major health care system in our state, in hospitals, clinics, nursing homes and home care; and
Whereas we are now the largest and fastest growing local Union in the state; and
Whereas the best health care provided anywhere in the world is provided by our members right here in Minnesota;
Therefore be it resolved, SEIU Healthcare Minnesota will celebrate our Union's legacy this year and renew our commitment to:
Organize the unorganized health care workers in our state,
Raise the standards for healthcare workers in wages, hours and working conditions through the power of collective bargaining,
Increase the quality of care we provide and advocate for everyone who lives and works in our community to have access to that care,
Advocate for more rights and more justice for all workers in our state, and to continue our 85-year struggle against racism and gender discrimination in our laws and in our community,
Be the best local Union we can possibly be, one in which our members feel pride and which other workers look to as a positive example of what is possible when workers come together and build power as a Union.
Leading Strong in an Open Shop Environment
Whereas in 2016, SEIU Healthcare Minnesota adopted member leader roles in order to expand the diversity and power of the union to create a flexible and responsive organization by creating member leader roles beyond the steward role to invite and transform our engaged activists to leaders who are empowered to build union strength through member engagement and to lead the fight and win for working people; and
Whereas the Supreme Court Janus vs AFSCME decision overturns existing and state laws that protect the rights of working people, making it even harder for public service workers to band together at work and speak up for quality schools, better patient care, and safe neighborhoods, setting an extremely dangerous precedent; and
Whereas SEIU HCMN supports the value that everyone who works hard should be able to make ends meet, have a say about their futures, and have the right to negotiate together for better wages and benefits that can sustain them and their families; and
Whereas "Right to Work" attacks against the private sector workers are a continuous and impending danger;
THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED THAT SEIU HEALTHCARE MINNESOTA WILL:
Allow for the creating and filling of member leadership roles and suspend steward elections, if the Executive Board determines it will create more opportunities for leadership in the union.
Create a vibrant culture that encourages and makes participation meaningful and enjoyable.
Invest early in all new leaders through a leadership program that provides education and support in order to create fully trained leaders with strong ownership and a high level of loyalty to the Union, and who understand Labor history and how Unions function, as well as trade Union strategies that make a difference.
Support member leadership as well as affinity groups and caucuses: API, AFRAM, SEIU Conservative Caucus and any others chartered under the SEIU Healthcare Minnesota Constitution & By-Laws.
Support all Minnesota public service workers and fight for the right of all people to be part of a union, inform all members about the impact of the Janus decision, the impending "Right to Work" threat for private sector workers, the larger plan to destroy the labor movement, and how it further tips the scales in favor of big corporations and the wealthy few.
Lead the charge as we unite with workers across Minnesota to do everything in our collective power to fight back against right-to-work laws.
WHEREAS our existing health care system does not provide care for everyone, and charges some people far more than others for the coverage they receive, and produces massive health inequities, and delivers worse care or no care to people based on their inability to afford the services they need; and
WHEREAS people need access to quality and affordable health care, not just health insurance; and
WHEREAS the Affordable Care Act, Medicaid, and Medicare have provided many great benefits we don't want to see go away, but they are far from enough and do not cover all Minnesotans; and
WHEREAS through the power and organizing of our Union, some of us have had the experience (which everyone deserves) of receiving excellent health care with little or no out-of-pocket costs; and
WHEREAS many seniors and people with disabilities are left out of our existing system, or experience services that are severely underfunded and short-staffed, and they are often overlooked in proposals for overhauling the whole system; AND
WHEREAS our healthcare system should be based on care for all people, not profits;
THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED SEIU Healthcare Minnesota will:
Support a health care system that provides every resident of Minnesota with affordable, quality healthcare, with no role for profit-making or private gain, as part of a path to a national Medicare for All system;
Raise the voice of frontline caregivers and patients – the people who know about the care we need from their own experience every day – to play an active, direct role in shaping the health care changes we pursue;
Create standards for a true, full health care for all program that includes in-home and nursing-home care for the elderly and disabled, and does not discriminate against anyone due to their inability to pay for services;
Work with our employers, through collective bargaining, to make sure our members capture the resources currently invested in health insurance in increased wages and other benefits members need; AND
There are a few important first steps we need to pursue in order pave the way toward a broad transformation of our health care system with full health care for all Minnesotans:
Make MinnesotaCare available to all Minnesotans;
Remove insurers from our public programs (with the state instead directly contracting for health care services with providers);
Extend coverage to all Minnesotans, not just citizens; and
Ensure that all Minnesotans have access to affordable prescription drugs.
SEIU Healthcare Minnesota: "A SANCTUARY UNION" Resolution
Fourth Annual Member Convention – September 16, 2017
WHEREAS, our Union has repeatedly adopted resolutions and programs committed to fighting discrimination and oppression in all forms and in all places including our workplaces, communities and in ourselves, and
WHEREAS, our Union has a long and proud history of linking arms with other social-justice movements to build a wider movement that can win on multiple fronts and wield power for working people– regardless of race, immigration status, religion, ethnicity, gender or sexual orientation, and
WHEREAS, white supremacists, neo-Nazis and the Ku Klux Klan have said they feel empowered to openly mobilize and come out of the shadows, and inflict further terror on American communities as witnessed in St. Paul, Charlottesville, Boston, and cities across the country, and
WHEREAS, our members and leaders strongly condemned the violence that took place at the Dar Al Farooq Islamic Center, a place of worship in Bloomington, and
WHEREAS, Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agents have reportedly been targeting Nursing Homes where many of our immigrant members work, thus increasing levels of fear, anxiety, and insecurity among patients, healthcare workers and their family members, and
WHEREAS, the current administration is rescinding the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) that has provided over 800,000 young people ("DREAMERS") relief from deportation since 2012, and allowed these young people to work, serve in the military, and go to college and, therefore, contribute to the nation's well-being.
Unconditionally denounce fear-mongering, racism, anti-Semitism, bigotry and violence perpetrated by white supremacists, neo-Nazis, the KKK and other hate groups.
Continue to actively partner with people-of-color-led organizations to fight for issues that are of central importance to our members of color, and fully support the development of an organizational infrastructure needed to make racial equity a lasting priority in our state.
Call on this Administration to maintain and expand the DACA program, and urge Congress to permanently address the legal status of DREAMERS.
BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED THAT SEIU HEALTHCARE MINNESOTA WILL:
Declare itself a "Sanctuary Union" and will:
Actively protect the rights and safety of every member of our union, our community and all patients regardless of one's immigration status.
Not voluntarily cooperate with federal agents to enforce immigration laws – and will not record any information from our members that may be used against them in terms of their immigration status.
Request that our hospitals, clinics, nursing homes and other healthcare providers declare support and protection of undocumented people and their families, affirmatively creating a welcoming environment as "safe zones" so that no member of our community feels threatened when seeking medical care.
Commit to holding 'Know Your Rights' training and sharing legal resources with our community, and to collectively bargain new contract languages that strengthen workplace protection for our immigrant members.
Continue to build alliances with others organizations engaged in similar work while continuing to resist on the streets and disrupting structures that attempt to divide us.
SEIU Healthcare Minnesota's Midwest Initiative Resolution
WHEREAS, increasing corporate power has been allowed and encouraged by our public policies, creating an economy that has been failing the many for the benefit of the few, and
WHEREAS, those in power have been effective at creating and exploiting divisions, especially divisions around race, gender and geography to maintain power regardless of which political party wins an election, and have split and pitted people against each other who are similarly hurt in the current economy, and
WHEREAS, Mayo Clinic has become the largest private sector employer in Minnesota and has also become the largest symbol of run-away corporate power in our state as it demands tax payer funded subsidies to continue operating in Minnesota, seeks to eliminate bargaining rights from workers and is engaged in a pattern of driving down living standards for healthcare workers and communities across the Mid-West, and
WHEREAS, even though workers have won important victories, we need to win on a much greater scale to truly transform our members' lives, and
WHEREAS, we can no longer rely on the past tactics and theories to win for working families, and therefore must expand methods and try new ways of building solidarity with community members to change the dominant narrative.
Partner with progressive organizations across the state to use our collective power to shape the nature of the 2018 elections and set the stage whereby our collective agenda can become the agenda of our state. To accomplish this we will:
Engage our membership over the next 18 months around our core values and connect our issues with the issues of other organizations to build unity among all Minnesotans and across differences.
Change the dominant narrative from one of corporate dominance to one powered by the people, so that the issues and values of working families are what candidates must run on to win and govern in Minnesota.
Create the environment that our issues are winning issues and candidates run for office with us as a partner.
Develop innovative ways to organize around our issues with our members and our communities.
Launch and support C.U.R.E. (Communities United for Rochester Empowerment), to support Mayo workers and community members in holding Mayo Clinic accountable as it builds the Destination Medical Center. We will do this by:
Advocating for affordable housing and transportation in Rochester, MN.
Fighting to end outsourcing and benefit cuts among Mayo workers.
Working to organize unorganized health care workers into our Union.
Fighting to expand access to Mayo Clinic for patients on Medicaid, Veterans Administration benefits and other health care plans that Mayo Clinic currently does not accept.
Working for tax fairness in the Rochester community.
UNSTOPPABLE: Member to Member Empowerment Resolution
WHEREAS, we are facing the most profound attack on working people in our local Union's 84 year history, including court cases that threaten our ability to joining together in unions, regressive federal and state legislation, executive actions and health care cuts, and
WHEREAS, transforming our union to a 21st century organization is both imperative for our Union to survive and thrive in a highly challenging and rapidly changing environment, and a powerful opportunity to modernize, innovate and engage our members and future members in new and deeper ways, and
WHEREAS, our path forward is centered on organizing workers and making unions our central political demand, driving a turnaround in 2018 and beyond by building power in states and cities and creating our 21st century Union through an unprecedented member outreach and engagement effort, and
WHEREAS, we have created leadership roles that focus on the work needed to meet these challenging times, including Political Leader, New Member Leader, Worksite Leader, Grievance Leader and Circle Leader, are determined to have the right people in the right roles, and
WHEREAS, to build national power to achieve economic, immigrant, racial, gender, healthcare, and environmental justice, we will need to engage in an unprecedented member outreach program led by member leaders under SEIU's "Together We Rise" program.
Involve, educate and recommit all members to transform our union to build and sustain the power to win for working people in our rapidly changing environment.
Strengthen our Union by focusing on building and developing member leaders to engage and reinforce relationships with all members so that we are prepared and ready to fight and win in any future.
Empower member leaders to understand that their participation is more important than ever to build member networks and structures in order to mobilize around and expand our vision of a just society for all.
Engage in a sustained equitable process of education and engagement that supports our transformation toward becoming an anti‐racist organization, beginning with developing accountability, structures, practices, policies and analyzing all our work through a racial justice lens.
Building a wider movement for racial and economic justice
Third Annual Member Convention – September 24, 2016
WHEREAS at our 2015 SEIU Healthcare Minnesota Convention we adopted a resolution that committed us to fight discrimination and oppression in all their forms, in our workplaces and communities and also in ourselves and our own organization;
WHEREAS our Union has a long and proud history of linking arms with other social-justice movements to spark something far greater than what would be possible acting alone, and we understand that to build and wield real power for working people, we need the strength of a wider movement that can win on multiple fronts – mobilizing in the streets, disrupting the structures that hold us all back, building worker power, winning elections, and holding the people we elect accountable to our values – and that it is by doing all these things together that we make the impossible possible;
WHEREAS the same billionaires fighting to keep people of color marginalized and oppressed are also fighting to keep wages down and to divide us based on our gender, where we were born, where we live, how we worship, and whom we love, using these divisions to keep working people and our allies from building and wielding real power;
WHEREAS those same forces of division and exploitation have spent millions trying to convince us that climate change isn't real, even as we watch extreme weather events destroy communities across the country and the world, with droughts and other weather-related problems occurring with much greater frequency here in Minnesota, and scientists warn that time is running out for us to avert a global climate crisis whose burden will fall hardest on the poor;
WHEREAS the Fight for 15 has won extraordinary victories throughout the country, with tens of millions of workers getting huge wage increases, sparked by courageous fast-food workers who started striking even though they had no Union and no clear path to form one – and yet 64 million workers in the U.S. still make less than $15 an hour, many forced to string together two or three jobs to make ends meet for their families;
WHEREAS we understand that it's no coincidence and no accident that the recent poisoning of the water supply of hundreds of thousands of people in Flint, Michigan affects mostly Blacks and immigrants, or that children struggling with asthma because of pollution are mostly children of color, or that new voter-restriction laws like the one we helped lead the fight to defeat in Minnesota overwhelmingly disenfranchise people of color – just as it was no coincidence and no accident that the founding labor laws in this country excluded domestic workers, who were mostly Black women;
WHEREAS over the last year, since passing the "Our Fight Against Discrimination and Oppression" resolution, our Union's officers, Board and staff have begun intensive training and discussions about how to become a more equitable and inclusive organization, with a new committee created to advise the local's President on further actions needed to advance toward that goal;
WHEREAS our International Union, at its May 2016 convention, adopted a resolution acknowledging the painful history of structural racism in our country, from genocide against Native Americans and enslaving Black people to today's institutional biases against Blacks and other people of color, seen with particular clarity in our criminal justice and policing systems, and committing SEIU in no uncertain terms to fight anti-Black, historical and structural racism in all our work; and
WHEREAS we recognize that we simply cannot achieve economic justice without racial justice;
Continue, deepen and redouble the efforts made since our last Convention to build and wield independent political power in Minnesota and to fight discrimination and oppression in all their forms, in our workplaces and communities and also in ourselves and in our Union.
Build a wider movement for justice on multiple fronts (gender, LGBTQIA, disability, immigrant, environmental, and racial justice, along with the Fight for 15 and other worker-focused fights), one where we at times lead, at times join in partnership, at times follow the lead of others.
Engage, together with our International Union, in a sustained process of education and engagement that supports our transformation to become an anti-racist organization, committing to fight anti-Black and structural racism in all our work, and evaluating our programs and strategies for their impact on dismantling racism.
Actively partner with people-of-color-led organizations to fight for issues like criminal justice reform that are of central importance to many of our members of color, and in doing so deliberately focus on supporting the development of the organizational infrastructure needed for issues of racial equity to become lasting priorities in our state.
Seek to lift up, in the core fights we engage in as a Union to win and enforce great contracts, the connection between those fights and the wider movement for justice we are part of, the impossibility for many of our members of separating the struggle for justice as a worker from the struggle for justice in other aspects of their identities.
Building Our Retiree and Youth Programs
SEIU Healthcare Minnesota Third Annual Member Convention – September 24, 201
WHEREAS our movement must harness the shared energy of our retirees and our youngest members to win economic, racial, environmental, and immigrant justice and equality for women, people with disabilities, and LGBTQIA people;
WHEREAS in 2015, millennials became the largest generation in the U.S. workforce, making up one-third of the electorate in the 2016 election, and yet the majority of the jobs they can find are underpaid and part‐time, and many millennials start working in massive student loan debt and can't work themselves out of it, causing many to not be able to achieve the American Dream;
WHEREAS we now engage with new technologies to connect with one another, and those rapid developments are also reorganizing how work is done, transforming our industries, politics, our organizing drives, and communications;
WHEREAS retirement-age people are often anchors of their families and communities as well as a political force, and as the fastest-growing segment of our society, the power and influence of seniors and retirees is reaching new heights;
WHEREAS the vast majority of retired people do not have the pensions and retirement savings required to sustain them for the rest of their lives, and a report by AARP found that nearly half of Americans over the age of 50 have $25,000 or less saved for retirement;
WHEREAS working-age adults continue to work longer hours and years, but low wages limit families' ability to save, private sector pensions are all but gone, and public sector pensions are cut every year, as political extremists continue to campaign to defund and dismantle programs that provide some hope of retiring with dignity, namely Medicare, Medicaid and Social Security; and
WHEREAS as each generation prepares to pass the baton to the next, we recognize that their combined leadership, energy and wisdom will be critical in building a wider movement for justice to create the kind of state and country we all want;
Establish and develop powerful Retiree and Youth programs.
Provide opportunities for all members to remain active in the Union after retirement through programs that meets their needs and interests, enhancing our capacity to retain and activate retiree members with a $5 membership dues rate per month.
Increase the influence and visibility of our retirees and youth to maximize their potential as powerful voices in our movement through participation in local and national political, organizing and issue-campaign work, including the Fight for $15 and the fights for retirement security, racial equity, environmental justice, and comprehensive immigration reform.
Build and deepen partnerships with other retiree and youth organizations, including not-yet-Union young workers and grassroots community activists in local campaigns led by youth, and with other community organizations around issues important to our retiree and youth members.
Actively pursue new and emerging approaches to become a more technologically advanced organization where the perspectives and energy of our younger members enhance all the work of the Union.
Member Leadership Roles
SEIU Healthcare Minnesota Third Annual Member Convention – September 24, 2016
WHEREAS we know that strong, diverse leaders are necessary to address the crisis we face and that SEIU Healthcare Minnesota is dedicated to providing more leadership opportunities to members in order to achieve its mission and vision; and
WHEREAS SEIU Healthcare Minnesota believes that more members will take on leadership roles in the Union if they are able to focus on and develop skills in an area of individual interest; and
WHEREAS SEIU Healthcare Minnesota wants to establish a path for leadership development of members regardless of their prior level of experience with the Union; and
WHEREAS the Member Political Leader role has been established to improve the lives of members and the people we care for in three major ways: help inform and educate coworkers about issues and candidates that affect them; lobby political leaders on SEIU issues and volunteer to door-knock and phone-bank to hold them accountable; and work with staff on plans to create active roles that suit their political interests; and
WHEREAS the Member Grievance Leader role has been established to uphold the standards of our collective bargaining agreements and commit to advocating for the membership from pre-grievances to arbitration, through personal growth in the grievance process and in partnership with the Member Action Center for guidance, support, and resources; and
WHEREAS the Member Orientation Leader role has been established for members to take ownership of welcoming new members to the Union by sharing the vision of the Union through meeting with new members, educating the members on the benefits of and opportunities within the Union, and building a strong connection and sense of pride between our newest members and the Union; and
WHEREAS having a variety of leadership roles expands the diversity and power of the Union, creates a flexible and responsive organization, and prepares SEIU Healthcare Minnesota for the future;
Continue to commit to an organization-wide leadership development system that is integrated in all our daily work and can adapt to the new challenges ahead.
Build a united, integrated model to capture the leadership potential of all our members, making sure that our leadership-development programs reflect our commitment to organizational equity and inclusion.
Establish, develop and provide training and support for Member Leadership Roles in our political program, grievance and advocacy, welcoming new members, growing the Union, strengthening our worksites, communications, and additional roles as identified.
Ensure that these programs are designed to empower and to build leaders at the highest level to lead the fight and win for working people and uphold the core values of our Union. These values include: organizing, accountability, integrity, and teamwork.
Develop and utilize innovative technologies to engage more members in all aspects of the Union and continue to track and report member leader and activist data.
WE CARE FOR MINNESOTA
SEIU Healthcare Minnesota Second Annual Member Convention – September 19, 2015
Executive Board Resolution #2 Adopted September 17, 2015
WHEREAS our hospital members' contract-campaign slogan "We Care for Minnesota" provides a concise and eloquent statement about who we are and what we do as SEIU Healthcare Minnesota members, providing quality care, love and support to our patients, residents and clients every day in hospitals, home care, nursing homes and clinics all over the state, since what we really want for them, and for ourselves as workers too, are healthy and fulfilled lives;
WHEREAS our Union is the vehicle through which we as members fight not only for better jobs and standards for ourselves as workers but also to make our communities, state, and country better, more vibrant, more just places to live for everyone;
WHEREAS for all the great legislative victories we have helped achieve over the last few years (organizing rights for home care and childcare workers, a minimum wage increase with indexing, expansion of health insurance coverage to hundreds of thousands more people, marriage equality, huge nursing home funding increases, a first union contract for home care workers, and more), we also recognize the limitations of what we have achieved, and we recognize how far short our state still falls of ensuring that every Minnesotan experiences the real dignity, respect, and opportunities for joy and fulfillment we believe everyone deserves;
WHEREAS we recognize that the political environment in which we operate profoundly shapes the circumstances of our lives and the behavior of the employers we bargain with, and yet we are under no illusions that our political leaders, whether elected or appointed, wake up in the morning with our goals on their minds, regardless of what party they belong to;
WHEREAS we therefore believe there is no better way to transform our political environment than for our own members and the members of other organizations that share our values to become the state's political leaders;
WHEREAS we recognize that bringing about a statewide political sea-change, creating a state where working people actually govern, is not something we as an organization could ever accomplish by operating on our own, that we need to align ourselves with others who share our goals and our values;
WHEREAS we understand that the reason each of us takes action and strives to make our workplaces and communities better is because we have experienced directly how coming together with our fellow workers, organizing and wielding power can win real victories; and
WHEREAS transformation, through collective action, from hopelessness to a sense of our own power and a heartfelt connection to our sisters and brothers is the most powerful weapon we have;
THEREFORE BE IT
RESOLVED that we will strive to build the kind of independent political power required to make the state actually reflect our values, to win a state where the love and care we show our patients, residents and clients every day is how all people are treated;
RESOLVED that we will fight to change who benefits in our economy by changing who governs in our democracy, working in alignment with other organized groups (Unions, community groups, organizations of people of faith, workers centers, and others) who share our goals and values, in order to build enough independent political power to truly transform our state;
RESOLVED that we will seek out training and education to prepare ourselves for the challenges and opportunities that will come with working-class people actually having governing power in our state; and
RESOLVED that we will make a consistent priority, in every area of our work as a Union, of developing new member-leaders and deepening the leadership and skills of those who already lead, so that they are prepared to run for office, serve in the executive branch, and exercise leadership as Union leaders and community members in close relationship with elected and appointed officials.
OUR FIGHT AGAINST DISCRIMINATION AND OPPRESSION
WHEREAS the work we do, across all the different sectors of our Union, was for many years not even recognized or respected as "real work," specifically because it was work done overwhelmingly by women and disproportionately by women of color, and our Union has fought against that discrimination and invisibility for over 80 years, winning recognition and respect in sector after sector;
WHEREAS the same forces of discrimination and oppression based on race, gender and other forms of difference that we have to fight back against in our work also shape many other parts of our lives, such as where we live, the quality of the schools our children attend, how much physical safety we experience, whether we get pulled over by the police, whether we are treated fairly by the criminal justice system, and whether we have access to health care;
WHEREAS the patterns of violence rooted in discrimination and deeply embedded in our history continue to play out in front of us today, both in national news and in our own communities, with people getting not just harassed or mistreated or imprisoned but outright killed because of the color of their skin;
WHEREAS in the course of our work we witness every day the horrific racial health disparities in our state, which are worse than in any other state in the country, and racial disparities are also reflected in the health care workforce, with many workers of color stuck in lower-paid, lower-status positions;
WHEREAS we recognize that many of the biases that perpetuate systems of discrimination, privilege and oppression do not take obvious, clearly oppressive forms but instead operate unconsciously inside all of us, where we see that our own fears of tension, conflict, the unknown, and being wrong are often the biggest obstacles we face in building solidarity and unity across our differences;
WHEREAS we have seen the bosses in our workplaces and the wealthy elite in our society, far too many times, use the differences among us as an effective means to divide us, using disparate treatment, disrespect, and hierarchy; and
WHEREAS we recognize that discrimination and oppression take many different forms, sometimes in complicated combinations, based on differences or perceived differences of race, ethnicity, national origin, gender identity, sexual orientation, language, disability, age, and class, and the strength of our Union lies in our unity and our equality as workers and as people, across all our differences;
THEREFORE, BE IT
RESOLVED that SEIU Healthcare Minnesota will fight discrimination and oppression in all their forms, in our workplaces, communities, state, and country;
RESOLVED that this commitment can only be made real if we take on those same forces inside our organization, our families, and ourselves;
RESOLVED that we will seek out training for our Board and staff in the ways different forms of discrimination and oppression play out, along with training in effective means for actively combatting these forces;
RESOLVED that we all have a responsibility to understand how our own identities and conditioning shape our perceptions and experience, and a responsibility to actively share that learning with our sisters and brothers, inviting them to do the same – "Each One, Teach One";
RESOLVED that we will build a culture that supports trust, listening, and honest discussion of the unconscious biases that often perpetuate systems of discrimination, privilege and oppression;
RESOLVED that member caucus organizations, such as AFRAM (the SEIU African-American Caucus) and API (the SEIU Asian Pacific Islander caucus), need to play a central role in shaping this new dimension of our work as a Union;
RESOLVED that we should push both employers and elected officials to create opportunities for health care workers of color to advance their careers;
RESOLVED that we should ally ourselves with organizations fighting racism, sexism and the many other forms of oppression in our public and political work as a Union; and
RESOLVED that we will deepen our solidarity, unity and equality as Union members through actively learning about and valuing all the things that make us different. Unity across difference is our strength.
Standards for Workers for 2015
First Annual Member Convention – September 20, 2014 – Executive Board Resolution #1 Adopted September 18, 2014
WHEREAS, workers who care for patients, nursing home residents, and home care clients are driven by a love of service, dedication to their professions, and pursuit of the highest quality care for the people they serve; and
WHEREAS, workers performing similar jobs or even more difficult jobs are being paid less than other workers covered by our contracts; and
WHEREAS, employers have been engaged in a systematic and deliberate effort to eliminate full time jobs in favor of part-time jobs in order to increase "flexibility"; and
WHEREAS, workloads have been continually increased for employees in every part of the industry, through leaving positions unfilled, layoffs, restructuring of work and subcontracting; and
WHEREAS, the increasing complexity of work in health care and home care, pressure from both federal and state governments, expectations from payers and the safety of the people we serve requires highly trained employees; and
WHEREAS, the health care and home care industries continue to have high rates of work-related injuries and unsafe conditions, as exhibited by injury reports and reports from members; and
WHEREAS, defined benefit, union sponsored pension plans are the most secure and stable means to provide a dignified retirement and our union has available such a plan for our members; and
WHEREAS, our employers, other corporate officers and some political leaders continue to disregard the voices of our members as important at the bargaining table and in the policy arena; and
WHEREAS, just months before he was murdered, The Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was initiating a campaign to demand jobs, unemployment insurance, a fair minimum wage, and education for poor adults and children designed to improve their self-image and self-esteem; now, therefore, be it
RESOLVED, that SEIU Healthcare Minnesota members, through their labor contracts, will fight to establish Martin Luther King Day as a holiday to recognize his fight for racial and economic justice; to establish a $15/hour minimum wage for all workers delivering and supporting health care and home care services; for safe staffing to protect the people in our care; for jobs that are full time; for training and education in order that workers may advance their careers and provide quality services; for safe working conditions and reducing injuries; for union pensions that support retirement with dignity and security; and be it finally
RESOLVED that SEIU Healthcare Minnesota members will fight for respect for themselves and their union through effective contract campaigns, public messages, political action, policy engagement and working with community partners in order to establish these standards, improve care, support our families, and reclaim the American Dream.
Enhancing Democratic Processes in Our Union
WHEREAS, a vibrant and effective labor union and social justice organization builds power only with the informed and active participation of its members; and
WHEREAS, SEIU Healthcare Minnesota leaders are committed to responding to the voices of union members and having leaders throughout the organization be held accountable to the members; and
WHEREAS, many of our members are new to our union or any union, and thus unaware of both history and internal operations; and
WHEREAS, SEIU Healthcare Minnesota has changed its bylaws to both reflect its mission and to establish new ways to engage a larger segment of its members; and
WHEREAS, the Executive Board has focused attention on expanding opportunities for member voice in the union and is committed to informing our members of our success in the fights we wage; and
WHEREAS, expanding opportunities for member leadership requires that members know and understand how our union operates and that they receive information in a timely manner; now, therefore, be it
RESOLVED, that SEIU Healthcare Minnesota will adopt the following practices:
Provide the details of negotiated changes in contract agreements to members eligible to ratify those changes at least 3 days prior to scheduled vote;
Allow minority reports from members of a bargaining team when unanimous recommendation is not attainable, but only on the condition that such reports are not neutral but must either recommend approval or rejection (and thus recommending a strike, if applicable);
Send copies of Executive Board minutes to Stewards for discussion at meetings; allow posting of Executive Board minutes on bulletin boards in facilities (noting that such minutes shall not include confidential information);
Require that stewards will be subject to rank and file votes, to take place with a minimum frequency of once every three years;
Affirm that individuals who serve as stewards must sign and abide by the Steward Pledge, be confirmed in their position by a designated officer and be subject to removal for cause by that same officer; and
Reject employer demands for confidential settlements over any issues involving Unfair Labor Practice charges for anti-union animus and/or discrimination.
"This is Our Hospital" Campaign
WHEREAS, the financial benefit to Minnesota's nonprofit hospitals resulting from their favored tax status exceeds $500 million per year; and
WHEREAS, Federal law requires nonprofit hospitals to justify their tax-exempt status by providing Community Benefits in the form of financial aid to low-income patients and by investing in medical research and education, public health, and community building activities; and
WHEREAS, 134 executives and administrators at Minnesota's nonprofit hospitals receive compensation greater than the salary of the President of the United States, making our charitable hospitals significant contributors to income inequality in Minnesota; and
WHEREAS, Minnesota's largest nonprofit hospital systems currently invest, on average, about 2.5% of patient revenue in Community Benefit activities, while net patient revenue (i.e. profit), for these systems accounts for, on average, 7% of patient revenue; and
WHEREAS, in recent history, nonprofit hospitals in Minnesota have been guilty of hiring abusive collection agencies to collect medical debt on their behalf, allowing debt collectors to approach patients in Emergency Departments, and failing to notify low-income uninsured patients of the availability of financial aid; and
WHEREAS, nonprofit hospitals often outsource or under-resource hospital support services, resulting in cuts to staffing, training, and supplies, which endangers both workers and patients by leading to higher rates of on-the-job injuries and hospital acquired infections; and
WHEREAS, bankers and other representatives of financial institutions hold many seats on nonprofit hospitals' Executive Boards, while patients, workers, and community members are often excluded; now, therefore, be it
RESOLVED, That SEIU Healthcare Minnesota shall launch a legislative campaign, our This is Our Hospital campaign, to: limit the compensation of executives and administrators at nonprofit hospitals to the total compensation of the president of the United States (currently $450,000); require nonprofit hospitals to invest more resources in Community Benefits and to improve patient care; protect patients from debt-collectors; require nonprofit hospitals to keep all housekeepers, dietary aides, and other support workers in-house; and diversify the Executive Boards of nonprofit hospitals.
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The hamsa diamond necklace with Jerusalem Stone represents the bell's dome. The precious diamond inside the holiest stone on the earth is the tongue, word and voice of G-d. When it hits the inner side of the Jerusalem stone, it symbolizes a message: "It's time to make changes". The chain style is offered according to what we have in stock. The chain specification: 14k yellow gold, length 50 cm, average weight 1.8 gr.
The Moriah hallmark guarantees that this hamsa diamond necklace with Jerusalem Stone is handmade and manufactured by highly qualified craftsman.


The Conserving Leucaena ssp. germplasm collection project aimed to import unique Leucaena germplasm from University of Hawaii and collect seed to provide long term benefit to the Australian Leucaena industry by providing accessions that can be used in plant breeding programs to develop novel traits like cold tolerance, psyllid resistance and sterility.
To learn more about this project please read the final report summary and download the final report (B.NBP.0696) (PDF, 317.4KB) from the Meat & Livestock Australia website.


Today we'd like to introduce you to ReeDawn Rose.
ReeDawn, let's start with your story. We'd love to hear how you got started and how the journey has been so far.
I've been a natural beauty expert for as long as I can remember and I was such a budding stylist in my youth that I was giving haircuts in the back of the class during high school! I made the choice to get my cosmetology license while I was in college to make some extra money while I was earning my degree. But when I graduated, I learned very quickly that I was not a corporate girl! After having my second and third child back-to-back, I opened a salon in my house so that my career could support my motherhood. After my divorce, I began doing hair in my new home and that was the first time that I ventured into more of the spectrum of services in the beauty industry. When lash extensions entered my life, I felt like I'd really found my niche and I channeled all my energy into building that business. I started with a partner but our different visions caused us to part ways. Again, I was on my own and I was determined to make a success of this new-found passion of mine. When ReeDawn Rose beauty opened, it was the culmination of a lot of big dreams and hard work. I was at what I considered to be a good cruising speed when life shook me up again in an explosive growth spurt. The makeup line I have now, the new location and the menu of services that are newly available were all coming to be within the last couple of years, which is also when I met and married my current husband and gave birth to our child! Today, I have feet solidly planted in both the worlds of managing my growing family and building my business.
Life is not smooth – and I'd be bored if it were. I honestly think the peaks and valleys are the points of the whole thing. For every dip, I take a higher bounce, and I think that's how it should be. My advice for other women is to stay focused on the goal, never stagnate in a situation that doesn't seem to be working, and once you put your feet on the ground, keep moving them forward, one after the other.
We'd love to hear more about ReeDawn Rose Beauty.
I am a Beauty expert with more than 20 years of experience. Our salon is full-service providing advanced color and cut, curly hair expertise, hair extensions, eyelash extensions, and we are beginning to incorporate a spa. We are known for our eyelash extensions and cosmetics line, which are the bedrock of our salon. We are so proud of our expertise in eyelash extension application because we are one of the very few salons that focus on maintaining the integrity of our clients' natural lashes throughout the process. This directly correlates with the high value we place on training, and we have received more certifications and accreditations in the eyelash extension field than our near competitors. We are also proud of our cosmetics line. Our product took time to develop and we are still developing new products; we are thrilled to have a high-quality luxury product we can send our clients home with. Our salon provides professional high-quality services. We are also the only lash salon that has an emphasis on natural- lash mimicry, our technique that makes false lashes look like natural-grown lashes.
I absolutely follow the law of attraction. I additionally find myself always drawn to books that incorporate this philosophy.


For the second year in a row i would like to present my favorite albums of the year in form of a blogpost.
2010 was in my opinion a good year for music, with a few great 'comeback' albums from Morcheeba and Sade, Hot Chip's wonderfull third album and many more. My list is based on on my personal favourite albums, albums with the most tracks with 5 stars ended higher on my top-5.
1 Janelle Monae - The Archandroid - What a wonderful debut album and what a (multi)-talent. Ofcourse helped by brilliant production-work, but it's her voice that makes this diverse concept-album so great.
You should really check these albums out if you're even slightly interested. All albums are worth listening to, let me know what you think in the comments.


Emma Armstrong gives the top 7 legal aspects to consider when developing a mobile app.
Emma Armstrong explains the benefits and drawbacks to becoming a franchisee.
Emma Armstong gives her top 10 tips for people considering whether to start running a business from home.
Rebecca Davidson explains non-disclosure agreements (NDAs) and their role in sales of shares and businesses.
Solicitor Rebecca Davidson explains why trade marks are important and how to register a trade mark.
Solicitor Rebecca Davidson explains the legal considerations needed when setting up a charity.
Mergers and acquisitions are transactions that involve the acquisition or sale of a business or the joining together of two or more businesses.
Corporate lawyer Sara Worsick looks at the types of restrictive covenants you may want to include in a contract when buying a business.


text:
Posted Thursday, July 27, 2017 11:45 am
David Winkelstern
Versatility impresses in 'Murder for Two'
It was a murder mystery, comedy, musical and farce. "Murder for Two" was also one killer of a show.
The Williamston Theatre's version of the Joe Kinosian and Kellen Blair play had all the elements of a brilliant and complex production, minus the sizeable cast that would normally be present. Although there were never more than two actors on the exquisitely designed set, each of them played over a dozen characters.
The multi-talented Andrea Wollenberg brought remarkable substance and personality to a collection of distinct and individually enchanting eccentrics. As "The Suspects," Wollenberg slipped from age to age, gender to gender and voice to voice with ease. With little more than a two-sided hat/wig, a pair of glasses, a pipe and a scarf, she flipped into different and hilarious figures more often than a chameleon walking across a quilt with a tie-dyed patchwork.
Mark Schenfisch as Marcus Moscowicz was the detective who just as deftly interacted with the ever-changing characters. He dynamically dealt with each often-suspect "Suspect" with an unexpected energy that I suspect was drained after the ninety-five minute, no-intermission play.
Schenfisch sometimes ran off the stage to suddenly re-appear at the back house once to elicit a brief performance from an audience member. The spectators were often the laughable targets of both cast members. At the very least, the entire audience was engaged and connected to the wild and fluctuating spectacle that included adult humor, sophisticated song, and the occasional, fluid dance move.
Both players sailed through puns, witticisms, and word play that had me laughing out loud. Lou, an invisible character, earned chuckles when a potted tree representing him mysteriously shook when he was addressed. An unnamed hand that made a momentary appearance produced more laughs.
Squeals from an off-stage "cat" had the full house squealing.
The coup de grace of "Murder for Two" was when the two leads skillfully played a baby grand piano on stage, sometimes alone, sometimes together, but always magnificently. Only those in the seats left of the stage could witness their incredible hand manipulations. Wollenberg and Schenfisch expertly played complex scores while delivering complex dialogue.
The remarkable set designed by Bartley H. Bauer and marvelous props by Michelle Raymond added icing and sprinkles to the already luscious and layered theatrical cake. Askew and non-linear bookcases with specially veneered books that secretly lodged a will, hat, and a portrait, as well as other surprises I won't reveal, were uniquely delightful. A raised, curved wood platform with a studded leather Queen Anne's chair added elegance.
Back lighting on the bookcases, and spot-on overhead lights designed by Alex Gay were exceptional. A blood-red chandelier that was lowered to exactly above Wollenberg's head was impressive. Precise and clever sound effects created by John Lepard were another highlight of the well-lighted show. In "Murder for Two," the specific light variations and spooky sounds changed as often as the characters on stage did—and always on cue.
I credited the perpetual gesturing, posing, and complicated movements of the cast to director Rob Roznowski. His wrangling of the always-active baker's dozen kept the performance flowing and never tedious. "Murder for Two" was one play it wouldn't kill me to see two or more times.
"Murder for Two" 8 p.m. Thursdays; 3 p.m. Saturdays; 2 p.m. Sundays; Conversation Sunday Aug. 6 July 27-August 20 Tickets start at $25/$10 Students/$2 Military/Senior discount Williamston Theatre 122 S Putnam St, Williamston (517) 655-SHOW (7469) williamstontheatre.org
Audrey Matusz
Arts & Culture Editor
In 2018, I received my B.A. from the Residential College of Arts and Humanities at Michigan State University. Born in Lansing, I advocate for the advancement and diversity of talent in my community. I've covered local culture news through print, radio and documentary films for various outlets over the past five years.
You can reach Audrey at:
Audrey@lansingcitypulse.com or (517) 999-5068

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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From open mic nights, film screenings, comedy jams and gigs to making good sandwiches, this independent arts venue has played host to some fun times. Join Merdekarya as they turn two, featuring over 17 performers comprising open mic regulars and newcomers. Free beers are available from 6pm to 7pm; RM5 beers from 7pm to 8pm.


Regardless of whether we hire or not, by making each experience a positive one, we know we are helping everyone improve their professional acumen.
The fact that their Graduate scheme incorporated my core interests - all aspects of sales, marketing and customer service – really intrigued me, as well as the scheme's comprehensive training in business management. I also liked that Enterprise is a global brand which is instantly recognisable to most people. And with an annual revenue of $15.4 billion, it certainly stands out on your CV as a memorable company to work for!


The Intergroup meeting didn't take place last night 10.02.2007, because a quorum was not met. So the annual election of officers for the service board will presumably take place at the next Intergroup meeting, 7:30PM on the first Tuesday in November. Please see the meeting list for the address.


text:
using std::size_t;
using std::string;
using std::stoul;
using std::out_of_range;
using std::invalid_argument;
using std::distance;
using std::string;
using std::vector;
using std::make_shared;

using boost::blank;

using llvm::IntegerType;
using llvm::LLVMContext;
using llvm::Type;
using llvm::PointerType;
using llvm::FunctionType;

using namespace compile_type_error;

unsigned long read_bit_width(const node& n)
{
    const lit_node& bit_width_lit = n.cast_else<lit_node>([&]()
    {
        fatal<id("int_invalid_argument_node")>(n.source());
    });

    unsigned long width;
    try
    {
        size_t index_after;
        string as_str{bit_width_lit.begin(), bit_width_lit.end()};
        width = stoul(as_str, &index_after);
        if(index_after != as_str.size())
            throw invalid_argument{""};
        if(width == 0 || width > 1024) // TODO: be less conservative
            throw out_of_range{""};
    }
    catch(const invalid_argument&)
    {
        fatal<id("int_invalid_argument_literal")>(bit_width_lit.source());
    }
    catch(const out_of_range&)
    {
        fatal<id("int_out_of_range_bit_width")>(bit_width_lit.source());
    }

    return width;
}

type_info compile_type(const node& type_node, LLVMContext& llvm_context)
{
    const node& resolved_node = resolve_refs(type_node);

    auto compile_from_range = [&](auto range) -> type_info
    {
        if(range.empty())
            fatal<id("empty_list_type")>(type_node.source());

        const node& resolved_constructor = resolve_refs(range.front());
        range.pop_front();

        const id_node& type_constructor = resolved_constructor.cast_else<id_node>([&]
        {
            fatal<id("invalid_type_constructor")>(resolved_constructor.source());
        });

        auto check_arity = [&](const char* type_constructor_name, unsigned int expected_argument_number)
        {
            if(expected_argument_number != length(range))
                fatal<id("invalid_type_constructor_argument_number")>(type_node.source());
        };

        switch(type_constructor.id())
        {
        case unique_ids::INT:
        {
            check_arity("int", 1);
            const node& bit_width_node = range.front();
            range.pop_front();

            unsigned long bit_width = read_bit_width(bit_width_node);
            Type* llvm_type = IntegerType::get(llvm_context, bit_width);
            assert(llvm_type);
            return {type_node, *llvm_type, type_info::integer{bit_width}};
        }
        case unique_ids::PTR:
        {
            check_arity("ptr", 0);
            Type* llvm_type = PointerType::getUnqual(IntegerType::get(llvm_context, 8));
            assert(llvm_type);
            return {type_node, *llvm_type, type_info::pointer{}};
        }
        case unique_ids::NODE:
        {
            check_arity("node", 0);
            Type& llvm_type = llvm_node_type(llvm_context);
            return {type_node, llvm_type, type_info::node_type{}};
        }
        case unique_ids::VOID:
        {
            check_arity("void", 0);
            Type& llvm_type = *Type::getVoidTy(llvm_context);
            return {type_node, llvm_type, type_info::node_type{}};
        }
        default:
            fatal<id("unknown_type_constructor")>(type_constructor.source());
        }
    };

    if(resolved_node.is<list_node>())
    {
        const list_node& list = resolved_node.cast<list_node>();
        return compile_from_range(rangeify(list));
    }

    return compile_from_range(static_range(resolved_node));
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


One of the biggest names at this year's DOKU:TECH was TechCrunch 'Editor-at-large' Mike Butcher. TechCrunch is an online media dedicated to the profiling of startups, reviewing Internet products and generally covering tech-related news.
Over the years Butcher has won a whole host of accolades and awards for his innovation and blogging and has been a regular feature in Wired's UK's Top 100 influencer list.
During his weekend in Prizren he seemed to attract crowds wherever he went, whether delivering his talk on Sunday evening or socializing in this year's hottest venue, Oqean. He even hosted an impromptu meetup for startups and tech people to pass on some of his valuable experience.
K2.0 sat down with Butcher ahead of his DOKU:TECH talk and asked about his transition into the tech world, his top tips for aspiring entrepreneurs and his latest project Techfugees, an attempt to harness the energy of the tech community into helping people caught in the current refugee crisis.
K2.0: You have a BA in English Literature and History and you started your career as a journalist. How did you make the transition into the world of tech?
Mike Butcher: I was writing about media in the early to mid '90s and the web came online in 1994 and we considered it to be the future of media, so I started writing about it as if it was the future of media. I gradually got more and more into the technology side of it.
You are now 'editor-at-large' for TechCrunch. What exactly does this consist of? What does a typical working day in the life of Mike Butcher look like?
I've been a tech journalist for some time now, and you get to a point where you're seen enough to be able to do many different things, which is really where the kind of phrase of 'editor-at-large' comes from; it means that you can do multiple different kinds of things, whether it's interviewing or speaking or whatever. From day to day, I wake up, check my email, do what every normal person who works on the internet does, and write stories — cool people, emails, get information, write stories for TechCrunch.
It's your first time in Kosovo but you seem to have taken the place to your heart. What impression has stuck with you from local entrepreneurs you have spoken with?
It's still an early market in terms of entrepreneurship and that is totally expected. In early stage markets like central/eastern Europe, it will take a while for people to get going. But there is a lot of talent here, so I'm sure that there will be a lot of interesting things happening over the next few years.
What advice would you give to aspiring entrepreneurs and start-ups in the Balkans or the world?
It's kind of an advantage, actually, to have a market like Kosovo, since you could test a product here without the rest of the world knowing about it. If you're in London and want to test a product, someone might find out what you're doing much earlier and want to do something with that.
But my advice to people who tend to be in smaller countries is to try and network as widely as possible as you can. If your ecosystem is quite small, then it's a good idea to build bridges with bigger ecosystems like the UK or Germany or France or the US or Asia. And get out there and make as many contacts as you can, because as an entrepreneur, having a lot of contacts is very useful.
You are also the founder of Techfugees, a gathering of the UK tech community in order to develop solutions to problems faced by refugees. It has been a massive success, with 27 chapters now worldwide. Can you explain this success?
I think because we hit the ground running very early, came up with the whole concept quite early and touched on kind of a desire by people in tech who already wanted to get involved and bring their talents and their skills to help and assist NGOs dealing with refugees and also refugees themselves.
And it's 2016, you know, the 21 century, and we should be able to bring the scalability of technology and scalability of technology thinking to these problems. They are not going away anywhere soon. There have been refugees and forced displacements of people due to wars, natural disasters and climate change and this has been identified by the world economic forum as one of the biggest issues and crises facing the planet for the next 20-25 years.
The way that the humanitarian response has been done for the last 15 years needs to be assisted and helped by the innovation thinking that technology people can provide, because that's the only way you can bring a solution that can scale fast enough to meet the problems as they change on the ground. A lot of the time as it happens these days, by the time the decision has been made to deploy some kind of solution or humanitarian response to refugees or to some other humanitarian crisis, the whole scene on the ground has changed, and that's why technology has to be brought into the equation and brought into the conversation as soon as possible, because that's the way you scale solutions to these big, very intractable problems.
Can you explain how Techfugees actually works?
Techfugees is kind of a movement and is not really controlled by anyone in particular. What we do in London, in our core team, is that we advise a lot of the chapters around the world on what they should do and some of the best ways of operating are: Getting contact with refugee organizations as much as possible; not to build product solutions which don't speak to the actual problems; don't build them in isolation, because the worst thing you can do is to build something that no one actually needs.
How do you make certain that projects developed by Techfugees actually answer the needs of refugees and that the tools you provide them with are those that are the most needed? How do you establish a standard of quality in your projects?
That is something that we are very interested in and are working on and trying to assist people who are building products to address the real problems. Whether it's in health, education — language learning apps might also be tailored for refugees.
Also data privacy is very important for refugees. Security — whether or not someone is being snooped upon by authorities — those are all the kinds of questions that come up and have to be addressed by people who are building technology products. And it can't just be about websites and apps, it can also be hardware, for instance working WiFi or new kinds of tent designs and things like that. If you bring a lot of design thinking into the equation, you can come up with some things that people haven't thought about before … that is sort of the exciting part of it.
We do have some levels of standardized structure in Techfugees — we have a core team in London of about 10-15 people who are trying to coordinate the activities of chapters and get chapters to work together, trying to get the NGOs involved, trying to look at products.
We are actually building a product called Basefugees now, which is going to be a curation platform where we curate the best products we can find, a challenge platform where NGOs can put up challenges for the tech community, who then produce APIs [Application Program Interfaces] from this so you can pull up data analytics, etc. We also want to use this ourselves so we can scale some of the solutions we can see.


text:
Board of Commisioners
Impact Earthquake
Standard Indonesian Earthquake Policy (SIEP)
Insurance Earthquake Tariff
Earthquake Index Insurance (EQII)
Catastrophe Event Analysis
List of Recent Earthquakes
Bulletin WASPADA
E - Learning
Integrated Catastrophe Modeling
Earthquakes are generally regarded as the most destructive force of nature. While a long-term world-wide comparison shows that the number of deaths and the magnitude of economic losses caused by storms and floods by far exceed those by earthquakes, it is nevertheless true to say that no other natural phenomenon creates such a massive psychological shock. Since they are capable of causing severe damage over relatively large areas, earthquakes obviously have an enormous destructive potential. This was confirmed by the earthquakes in Northridge (California) in 1994 and in Kobe (Japan) in 1995. The losses were US$ 44 billion and US$ 100 billion respectively. The possible total cost of a major earthquake occurring today in California is estimated to be US$ 300 billion and in Tokyo even as high as US$ 1,000 to 3,000 billion. There are also a large number of regions with high concentrations of population and economic activity that are situated in zones of high seismic activity. For the insurance industry in particular, the problem of accumulated losses, which could threaten economic ruin, is therefore rapidly becoming a matter of great urgency. In view of this situation, it is essential to have an objective picture of the exposure to this hazard
Indeed, only on this basis can appropriate precautionary measures be taken – for example realistic premium calculations, accumulation control and the establishment of reserves or structural improvements to buildings and restrictions on land use.
Earthquakes and plate tectonics
More than 90% of earthquakes occur in regions where large tectonic plates meet. The relative motion of the adjacent plates is used to define three types of plate boundary:
Convergence zones: Here plates collide and the specifically heavier (generally the oceanic plate) is subducted under the lighter (generally the continental plate). Example: the subduction of the Nazca plate under the South American continent.
Divergence zones: Here plates move apart as a result of the formation of new crust on oceanic ridges and the continental trench zones. Example: the Mid-Atlantic ridge.
Transform faults: Here plates move past each other horizontally. Example: the Mid-Atlantic ridge and San Andreas fault in California.
It seems self-evident that the most severe earthquakes should occur in convergence zones where there is a large variation in the stress profile. Convergence zones are followed by transform faults and divergence zones. There are areas where volcanic activity occurs as an immediate consequence of plate movement. In this case too, there is a correlation with exposure. Volcanic activity in convergence zones is explosive (ash and glowing clouds), but is effusive in divergence zones (lava streams).
Earthquake Severity
Richter Magnitudes
Earthquake Effects
Less than 3.5 Generally not felt, but recorded.
3.5-5.4 Often felt, but rarely causes damage.
Under 6.0 At most slight damage to well-designed buildings. Can cause major damage to poorly constructed buildings over small regions.
6.1-6.9 Can be destructive in areas up to about 100 kilometers across where people live.
7.0-7.9 Major earthquake. Can cause serious damage over larger areas.
8 or greater Great earthquake. Can cause serious damage in areas several hundred kilometers across.
Although each earthquake has a unique magnitude, its effects will vary greatly according to distance, ground conditions, construction standards, and other factors. Seismologists use a different Mercalli Intensity Scale to express the variable effects of an earthquake. Each earthquake has a unique amount of energy, but magnitude values given by different seismological observatories for an event may vary. Depending on the size, nature, and location of an earthquake, seismologists use several different methods to estimate magnitude. The uncertainty in an estimate of the magnitude is about plus or minus 0.3 units, and seismologists often revise magnitude estimates as they obtain and analyze additional data.
The Modified Mercalli Scale of Earthquake Intensity
In seismology a scale of seismic intensity is a way of measuring or rating the effects of an earthquake at different sites. The Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale is commonly used in the United States by seismologists seeking information on the severity of earthquake effects. Intensity ratings are expressed as Roman numerals between I at the low end and XII at the high end. The Intensity Scale differs from the Richter Magnitude Scale in that the effects of any one earthquake vary greatly from place to place, so there may be many Intensity values (e.g.: IV, VII) measured from one earthquake. Each earthquake, on the other hand, should have just one Magnitude, although the several methods of estimating it will yield slightly different values (e.g.: 6.1, 6.3).
Ratings of earthquake effects are based on the following relatively subjective scale of descriptions:
Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale
I People do not feel any Earth movement.
II A few people might notice movement if they are at rest and/or on the upper floors of tall buildings.
III Many people indoors feel movement. Hanging objects swing back and forth. People outdoors might not realize that an earthquake is occurring.
IV Most people indoors feel movement. Hanging objects swing. Dishes, windows, and doors rattle. The earthquake feels like a heavy truck hitting the walls. A few people outdoors may feel movement. Parked cars rock.
V Almost everyone feels movement. Sleeping people are awakened. Doors swing open or close. Dishes are broken. Pictures on the wall move. Small objects move or are turned over. Trees might shake. Liquids might spill out of open containers.
VI Everyone feels movement. People have trouble walking. Objects fall from shelves. Pictures fall off walls. Furniture moves. Plaster in walls might crack. Trees and bushes shake. Damage is slight in poorly built buildings. No structural damage.
VII People have difficulty standing. Drivers feel their cars shaking. Some furniture breaks. Loose bricks fall from buildings. Damage is slight to moderate in well-built buildings; considerable in poorly built buildings.
VIII Drivers have trouble steering. Houses that are not bolted down might shift on their foundations. Tall structures such as towers and chimneys might twist and fall. Well-built buildings suffer slight damage. Poorly built structures suffer severe damage. Tree branches break. Hillsides might crack if the ground is wet. Water levels in wells might change.
IX Well-built buildings suffer considerable damage. Houses that are not bolted down move off their foundations. Some underground pipes are broken. The ground cracks. Reservoirs suffer serious damage.
X Most buildings and their foundations are destroyed. Some bridges are destroyed. Dams are seriously damaged. Large landslides occur. Water is thrown on the banks of canals, rivers, lakes. The ground cracks in large areas. Railroad tracks are bent slightly.
XI Most buildings collapse. Some bridges are destroyed. Large cracks appear in the ground. Underground pipelines are destroyed. Railroad tracks are badly bent.
XII Almost everything is destroyed. Objects are thrown into the air. The ground moves in waves or ripples. Large amounts of rock may move.
Generally, the intensity values refer to average subsoil conditions (firm sediments). Local subsoil conditions may result in exposure differences in areas too small to be visible on a world map. The following table states the mean change in intensity for various subsoil conditions. These changes only apply to particular sites. If used for larger areas, they should be reduced according to the type of subsoil generally found in the area.
Subsoil
Mean change in Intensity
Rock (e.g. granite, gneiss, basalt)
Firm sediments
Loose Sediments (sand, alluvial deposits)
Wet sediments, artificially filled ground
The intensification effect of soft subsoil is partially due to a shift in ground motion to longer oscillations which are potentially more destructive in relation to buildings. This effect is greater further away from the epicenter than it is close to it. Depending on the thickness of the sediment layer, there may be resonance effects which amplify ground movements several times within a narrow frequency spectrum (well-known example: Mexico City)
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text:
TOM ARMSTRONG
The Sky Is An Empty Eye
Tomkins Square
Dream Waltz
TSQ5357
Tompkins Square's recent double-LP, Imaginational Anthem vol 8 : The Private Press shed light on forgotten, impossibly rare guitar recordings spanning several decades. Tom Armstrong's The Sky Is An Empty Eye is the first of several reissues planned by Tompkins Square of full albums by artists featured on IA8. Armstrong's self-released LP from 1987 sports blissed out acoustic numbers like the one featured on IA8, along with some electric workouts and even a deep pysch vocal tune. Tom's main mode of distribution for the album was handing the LP to drunken patrons at a bar in Pinos Altos, NM. Now Tompkins Square makes it a bit easier to acquire.
In his own words, today : I was born in Elmhurst IL, lived there 29 years. Had a brief career playing open mikes and bars for tips, drinks and nominal cash payments, even gave some guitar lessons. In 1984 I was offered a half partnership in an engineering firm in Dallas, so I moved to Texas. Made a big pile of money. My wife bought me a Tascam 4 track recorder for my birthday, I went crazy with it. Recorded a bunch of melodies that had been rattling around my brain since I was 8 years old. Liked what I heard, decided to make an LP. It wasn't too hard to track down a studio to master my 4 tracks. By this time I was an old hand at graphic design for promotional material, so I designed the cover myself. Handed the albums out to business associates, as promotional material for other business interests, at a drunken open mike at a bar in Pinos Altos, NM. I continued to record for about another 10 years, blues rock, pop. Really refined my recording skills. Still play once in while, but I'm an old fart now, with all the baggage that entails.


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Customer rating for Soch3D's 3D Printing Service - India: 4.81/5 from 43 satisified customers.
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Impressive service from this Soch3D Indiranagar, Bangalore. I have contacted them for raspberry pi casing design model and prototype. They have quoted me Rs.600, which is reasonable for me. So I have finalized the service. The response was good from them.
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How Is 3D Printing in India Contributing in Various Sectors?
The innovative technologies which play a pivotal role in the overall welfare of the whole society are indeed counted the best! The 3D printing services or the 3D technology is one such option which is serving the mankind and our society in various beneficial manners. The 3D printing companies listed in India are associated with different types of businesses and industries. By using this creative and advantageous technique, varied sectors in India are availing plenty of advantages. Let us take a quick glance at the list of sectors in which the 3d printing online India is playing a significant role!
One of the best roles of 3D printing services is their excellent contribution in the field of health and medical science. Ask any doctor that how the use of 3D techniques has helped in saving millions of lives worldwide. 3D printing online India or 3D printing services in India are doing a great job by serving to the healthcare industry. Today, the medical science has the option to diagnose a case in a much better and clearer way. Any disease or affected organ can be explained in an elaborated manner by using the various 3D tools and methods. The diagnosis, as well as the treatment, has become easier to understand with the growing use of 3D methods in them. All across the world, the surgeons are happy to receive significant aid from this amazing skill called 3D. Be it about the surgical equipment, use of any medical device, a surgery process or even a walk-through model of a new hospital, the 3d printing services in India are doing a remarkable job by providing supreme quality 3D prints, desired models, detailed presentation and much more!
The architectural field is also not untouched by the 3d printing services in India. Presently, there are a plethora of 3D printing companies in India which are doing a fantastic job for the architects and their creative projects. The unique and advanced 3D print system, design and manufacturing all come together serving the architectural needs. When you check out the concept models or the scale models created through 3D designing, you will fall in love with them! These models look truly stunning and explain even the tiniest of details in a convincing manner. Also, the interior design area of architectural industry is availing huge advantages from 3D printing companies listed in India. Today, when you hire an interior designer for refurbishing your home, he or she merely explains everything through an effective presentation. In short, you get to know how your house would look exactly with the future changes of interior décor. It is just one example!
The 3D printing services have redefined the world of jewelry for customers as well as for the retailers. Today, you will easily observe that numerous jewelry retailers and casting houses are using 3D ways for the overall success of their business. The use of this enticing technology has provided many profits to the jewelry industry. For example – the manual jewelry molds which are much more time consuming have been replaced by 3D molds. Also, the jewelers do not need to worry about inventory problems as now the manufacturing can be done based on current demands and orders. The 3D process has also delighted the jewelry designers where they can present their jewelry designs in a more alluring manner and that too by saving time that is otherwise spent on creating a design manually. On the part of customer also, the 3D printing services have provided a wonderful experience. The customers can check out various forms of jewelry in many amazing ways. In a nutshell, the 3D printing online India has reduced the expenses and enhanced the productivity of jewelry retailers and designers.
The 3D printing services in India are strengthening the engineering sector too. By making creative designs and prototyping, the 3D printing companies in India are not only simplifying engineering but are also making it interesting and easy to understand. The 3D methods are being utilized for explaining machines, different parts, models, designs and various other projects related to engineering. The ease to learn and understand can be observed in the engineering sector. The use of advanced materials and separate prints of different parts have benefitted the engineers in multiple ways. The growing use of 3D methods in engineering is enhancing the work capability and performance of engineers.
The automotive sector is indeed one of the most benefitting sectors in India through the use of 3D ways. Be it the concept vehicle designing, the presentation of vehicle parts, rapid automotive production, introduction to a new model, or just any other thing; the 3D printing is doing wonders for the automotive industry in India. The 3D printing online India has highly transformed the automotive sector. Adding pace and better techniques, the 3D ways have uplifted the automotive industry.
The distinct role of 3D printing services and its importance can be summed up through few points. We are sharing the top three with you!
Enhancing the overall productivity of industries - We hope that reading about the significant role of 3D printing online India or 3D printing services in India as explained above would have convinced you for the value being added to different sectors through 3D techniques. Be it any sector; there is one common denominator for all of them. Well, there is no doubt that the involvement of 3D technologies has enhanced the performance, features, presentation, and productivity of different industries. If any industry is not using 3D techniques and the market trends related to the same, it is merely keeping it confined to average productivity and outcome.
A good option for all sorts of businesses & industries - The 3D printing services are not only meant for big business giants or established industries. Preferably, the new techniques and tools related to 3D are well utilized for small businesses and even the startups as well. If you have recently stepped into the world of 3D procedures or do not know how using the same will help your business, you can just contact a genuine and reputable 3D printing hub like Soch3D. It explains everything to the customers in a unique way so that you get a better idea about your project. One can also take help from the 3D workshops being organized by various 3Dprinting services in India. These workshops let you know about the 3D method and their uses in a fascinating way. You also get the opportunity to see various devices and materials which are used in creating a 3D model, presentation or project.
3D printing as a unique and impactful career option - 3D printing can also opt as a great career option wherein you pursue the relevant course and earn the degree to master the 3D skills. Once you think that you have gained the right knowledge and experience along with the proper qualification, you can either apply for a relevant position or can even set up a small company.
Why 3D Printing Manufacturers India Is Worth Hiring?
3D printing is a fantastic technology that is being utilized in various fields. While it is famous all over the world, finding the right professionals in 3D services is quite a challenge. However, it is valuable to mention that taking help of 3D printing manufacturers India or 3D printing companies in India is worth the effort. We share the few fantastic ways by which the 3D printing manufacturers India or 3D printing companies in India can help you with your personal or business objectives.
Cater to various sectors – The 3D printing manufacturers India are providing their brilliant services to different industries. Be it the sector of jewelry, medicine, education, retail, aerospace or something else, the Indian companies related to 3D facilities are capable of providing topnotch features and services to their esteemed customers. It is a delightful fact that any business or individual that contacts the Indian market for excellent 3D services gets the right options to choose as the 3D printing manufacturers in India are quite experienced in serving various industries with specific demands for each of them. Try the Indian manufacturer in 3D printing for architecture, lifestyle, consumer goods or any other industry and they will not only match but exceed your expectation.
The 3D printing manufacturers in Indian can be trusted for their excellent quality 3D materials. Delivering and using the best of materials, these manufacturers ensure that you as a customer get the best 3D services. Many reliable 3D printing manufacturers also offer the clients to choose the material for their project. This way the clients can get the project delivered with the desired 3D elements involved in it.
Cost affordable in comparison to their other counterparts – The 3D services are accessible all across the globe. Thus, you can come across numerous 3D manufacturers or companies around the world. But the reason why the 3D printing manufacturers India come as a preferred choice is quite simple! Well, these manufacturers are quite affordable in comparison to other options. Moreover, these manufacturers are quite promising in the quality of materials and services which they provide. Thus, in a nutshell, you get excellent quality 3D deals in the affordable price range.
Give you profitable growth – By helping you with beautiful and impactful designs and by providing you the best of models, the 3D printing manufacturers India or 3D printing companies in India help your organization to move towards profitable growth. We all know that brilliant manufacturing, designing, and presentation is indispensable to the success of any business. The same element can be achieved by taking help of 3D printing manufacturers or companies in India.
Work according to your specific needs – Every business is different and so are the business needs! You can explain your particular business requirements to the established 3D printing manufacturers in India. They will not only provide you a customized 3D package as per your needs but will also explain the benefits of using the same.
We believe that the above points must have convinced you that why 3D printing manufacturers India is worth hiring!
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initiatives by governments, communities and civil society groups.
and differ from one society to another.
complete free and compulsory primary education of good quality.
complete a full course of primary schooling.
2005, and in all levels of education not later than 2015.
2005 and will need to take concrete and urgent measures to meet 2015 targets.
Some African countries have reached gender parity in enrolment in primary education.
Seychelles and South Africa, disparities tend to favour girls rather than boys.
specificities that have an impact on gender equality in education.
worthwhile investing in their education.
us about the rescue programme there.
back and be part of the change.
achieve gender equality in education and prepare a feature on this topic.
contributing to gender inequality in education discussed in Unit 1.
girls were able to gain entry into formal schools.
Nigeria as well as nomadic communities in post-conflict areas in northern Uganda.
have special SMT programmes in place for girls in particular but also for boys.
girls' participation and retention in school.
Science, Mathematics and Technology (SMT) subjects.
requires systematic monitoring and evaluation and assurance of the process.
sexual abuse and high incidents of girls dropping out of school.
time missed in class. This contributes partly to the high dropout rate of girls at school.
information on handling girls and boys education for the benefit of the entire society.
programmes where young people are able to voice out their concerns.
of community participation in education.
advocacy work by communities, media practitioners and other stakeholders.
Works and What's New in Education: Africa Speaks. Paris: ADEA.
FAWE: 15 years of advancing girls' education in Africa.
UNESCO EFA Global Monitoring Report 2009.
Gender in Higher Education in Africa, Accra. August 2006.
Technology Sub Sector. January 2009.
Planning. Institute of Education, University of London; Oxfam, March 2006.