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#ifndef TENSORFLOW_CORE_FRAMEWORK_SHAPE_INFERENCE_H_
#define TENSORFLOW_CORE_FRAMEWORK_SHAPE_INFERENCE_H_

#include <vector>

#include "absl/memory/memory.h"
#include "tensorflow/core/framework/full_type.pb.h"
#include "tensorflow/core/framework/node_def_util.h"
#include "tensorflow/core/lib/core/errors.h"
#include "tensorflow/core/lib/core/status.h"
#include "tensorflow/core/platform/macros.h"

namespace tensorflow {

namespace grappler {
class GraphProperties;
class SymbolicShapeManager;
}  // namespace grappler

namespace shape_inference {

struct DimensionOrConstant;
class InferenceContext;

// This header contains the InferenceContext that is used to infer the shape of
// the results of an operation or flag an operation with invalid inputs (e.g.,
// mismatched shapes for elementwise operation) by ShapeRefiner. The shape of an
// operation is computed using the OpShapeInferenceFn set via SetShapeFn in op
// registration. The OpShapeInferenceFn uses a per op InferenceContext populated
// with input shapes to compute resultant shape (including resource shapes).
//
// The shapes created in the InferenceContext are bound to the lifetime of the
// InferenceContext in which it was created. E.g., in
//
// ```c++
//  InferenceContext c;
//  // Below a ShapeHandle is returned by MakeShape, while UnknownDim returns a
//  // DimensionHandle.
//  ShapeHandle in0 = c.MakeShape({10, c.UnknownDim()});
// ```
//
// the ShapeHandle `in0` (and the nested unknown dim inside) is only valid while
// `c` is in scope, as ShapeHandle and DimensionHandle are effectively
// wrappers around pointers stored inside the context with the lifetime of the
// value pointed to managed by the context. The result from one operation's
// inference context will be passed as input to the inference of consumer
// operations. Hence it is possible for ShapeHandles produced by inference on a
// node to consist of ShapeHandles owned by different InferenceContexts. While
// inferring the shapes of a Graph, the InferenceContext of all nodes/operations
// in the Graph remain resident for the lifetime of the Graph (e.g, there is a
// map from each node to its InferenceContext, technically its
// ExtendedInferencContext which additionally stores the element types of inputs
// & outputs, which remains resident).
//
// For functions, the body of the function is instantiated as a Graph while
// inferring the result shapes of a function call node. The rules above apply
// while the function's shape is being inferred, but the contexts associated
// with nodes in the function body are released once the function call's
// resultant shapes are inferred. The shapes of results returned by a function
// are propagated to the InferenceContext of the function call's op (which is
// associated with a Graph of nodes whose shape is being inferred) as the return
// values of a function call node are the inputs of its consumer, but the return
// values are produced by nodes inside the function whose InferenceContexts
// (which owns the values pointed to by ShapeHandle and DimensionHandle) are
// reclaimed after inferring function result shapes. Recursive user-defined
// function are not supported hence inference of functions are fully nested with
// the InferenceContext's of function calls forming a stack.
//
// For example, consider the following call and function:
//
// ```python
// @tf.function
// def g(st):
//   d = tf.add(st, st)
//   return d
//
// @tf.function
// def f():
//   st = tf.A()
//   result = g(st)
//   return h(result)
// ```
//
// During inference of f, the shape of `A` will be inferred and the results from
// its InferenceContext used as inputs to function call `g(st)`. The call node
// will have an InferenceContext created (call it outer context) and the graph
// corresponding to function `g` will be instantiated. The result shape of the
// Arg nodes of the function will be associated with input from outer context.
// During inference of `g` (for the callsite `g(st)` in `f`), the
// InferenceContext of all nodes inside `g` will remain alive. Thus, when shape
// of `tf.add` is computed it may rely on all inputs. Once the RetVal nodes of a
// function is reached, we know the shape of its input may correspond to a shape
// queried in the outer context and it is explicitly copied to outer context. In
// this case that means that the shape of `d` is copied to the InferenceContext
// of `g(st)` and so when `h(result)` is executed this shape may be queried.
// Furthermore, no shapes computed due to call `g(st)` can be queried post this
// point and, as the RetVal shapes have been coppied into outer context, all
// InferenceContexts associated with nodes in function `g` instantiated for
// `g(st)` may be and are released.

// Dimension values are accessed through InferenceContext.
class Dimension {
 private:
  Dimension();
  Dimension(int64_t value);
  ~Dimension() {}

  const int64_t value_;

  friend class InferenceContext;
  friend class ShapeManager;
  TF_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(Dimension);
};

class DimensionHandle {
 public:
  DimensionHandle() {}
  bool SameHandle(DimensionHandle d) const { return ptr_ == d.ptr_; }
  std::size_t Handle() const { return reinterpret_cast<std::size_t>(ptr_); }

 private:
  DimensionHandle(const Dimension* dim) { ptr_ = dim; }

  const Dimension* operator->() const { return ptr_; }
  bool IsSet() const { return ptr_ != nullptr; }

  const Dimension* ptr_ = nullptr;

  friend struct DimensionOrConstant;
  friend class InferenceContext;
  friend class ShapeInferenceTest;
  friend class ShapeInferenceTestutil;
  friend class ::tensorflow::grappler::GraphProperties;
  friend class ::tensorflow::grappler::SymbolicShapeManager;

  // Intentionally copyable.
};

// Shape rank and dimensions are accessed through InferenceContext.
class Shape {
 private:
  Shape();
  Shape(const std::vector<DimensionHandle>& dims);
  ~Shape() {}

  const int32 rank_;
  const std::vector<DimensionHandle> dims_;

  friend class InferenceContext;
  friend class ::tensorflow::grappler::SymbolicShapeManager;

  TF_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(Shape);
};

class ShapeHandle {
 public:
  ShapeHandle() {}
  bool SameHandle(ShapeHandle s) const { return ptr_ == s.ptr_; }
  std::size_t Handle() const { return reinterpret_cast<std::size_t>(ptr_); }

 private:
  ShapeHandle(const Shape* shape) { ptr_ = shape; }
  const Shape* operator->() const { return ptr_; }
  bool IsSet() const { return ptr_ != nullptr; }

  const Shape* ptr_ = nullptr;

  friend class InferenceContext;
  friend class ShapeInferenceTest;
  friend class ShapeInferenceTestutil;
  friend class ::tensorflow::grappler::SymbolicShapeManager;

  // Intentionally copyable.
};

// Struct used to allow functions to take DimensionHandle or a dimension value.
// Not meant to be constructed directly.
struct DimensionOrConstant {
 public:
  // Intentionally not explicit.
  DimensionOrConstant(DimensionHandle dim);

  // val must be non-negative or InferenceContext::kUnknownDim.
  DimensionOrConstant(int64_t val);

  // dim takes precedence. If dim != nullptr, val is ignored.
  DimensionHandle dim;
  int64_t val;

 private:
  DimensionOrConstant();
};

struct ShapeAndType {
  ShapeAndType() {}
  ShapeAndType(ShapeHandle s, DataType t) : shape(s), dtype(t) {}
  // TODO(mdan): Remove dtype from constructor, and use type_ instead.
  // dtype is kept here for backward compatibiity. Its information should
  // be redundant to that in type;
  ShapeAndType(ShapeHandle s, DataType t, FullTypeDef type_)
      : shape(s), dtype(t), type(type_) {}

  ShapeHandle shape;
  DataType dtype = DT_INVALID;
  FullTypeDef type;
};

// Shape inference functions registered on ops in REGISTER_OP implement
// their shape functions in terms of this InferenceContext.  An InferenceContext
// is created by the framework and passed to a shape inference function.  The
// shape inference function calls functions on the context, and should call
// set_output() to set the shape on all outputs.
//
// To infer shapes for user-defined functions see ShapeRefiner.
//
// All Shape* and Dimension* returned by functions of InferenceContext are owned
// by the InferenceContext.
class InferenceContext {
 public:
  static constexpr int64_t kUnknownDim = -1;
  static constexpr int32_t kUnknownRank = -1;

  // <input_tensors> is NULL-padded to be the same size as <input_shapes>.
  //
  // Elements of <input_tensors_as_shapes> are used for when a shape function
  // makes a call to MakeShapeFromShapeTensor; in particular, when the
  // input_tensors[i] is nullptr but the shape represented by it is partially
  // known from analysis of the graph.
  // <input_tensors_as_shapes> can have fewer elements than <input_shapes>.
  // Values of <input_tensors_as_shapes> do not need to outlive the context.
  InferenceContext(int graph_def_version, const AttrSlice& attrs,
                   const OpDef& op_def,
                   const std::vector<ShapeHandle>& input_shapes,
                   const std::vector<const Tensor*>& input_tensors,
                   const std::vector<ShapeHandle>& input_tensors_as_shapes,
                   std::vector<std::unique_ptr<std::vector<ShapeAndType>>>
                       input_handle_shapes_and_types);

  // <input_tensors> is NULL-padded to be the same size as <input_shapes>.
  //
  // Elements of <input_tensors_as_shapes> are used for when a shape
  // function makes a call to MakeShapeFromShapeTensor; in particular, when
  // the input_tensors[i] is nullptr but the shape represented by it is
  // partially known from analysis of the graph. <input_tensors_as_shapes>
  // can have fewer elements than <input_shapes>. Values of
  // <input_tensors_as_shapes> do not need to outlive the context.
  InferenceContext(
      int graph_def_version, const AttrSlice& attrs, const OpDef& op_def,
      const std::vector<PartialTensorShape>& input_shapes,
      const std::vector<const Tensor*>& input_tensors,
      const std::vector<PartialTensorShape>& input_tensors_as_shapes,
      const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<
          std::vector<std::pair<PartialTensorShape, DataType>>>>&
          input_handle_shapes_and_types);

  ~InferenceContext();

  // Runs the shape inference function 'fn' with 'this' as the
  // argument, returns the status of the inference.
  //
  // On error, additional context is provided in the error message.
  Status Run(
      const std::function<Status(shape_inference::InferenceContext* c)>& fn);

  // Merge the stored shape of the input in position idx with <shape> according
  // to the following rules:
  //
  // - If the ShapeHandles are the same or <shape> is unknown, there will be no
  //   change. Otherwise if the stored shape is unknown, the new shape will be
  //   <shape>.
  // - If both shapes are known, then they must have the same rank.
  // - For any one dimension, if the values for that dimension in both shapes
  //   are known, then the values must match.
  // - If one shape has equal or more information than the other shape in every
  //   dimension, the new shape will become the shape with more information.
  // - Example: merging [2,?] and [?,2] results in [2,2]
  // - Example: [2,2] cannot be merged with [1,2]
  //
  // This requires idx to be in the [0, num_inputs) range. If the merge is
  // successful, return true. Return false otherwise.
  bool MergeInput(int idx, ShapeHandle shape) {
    ShapeHandle new_shape;
    if (!Merge(inputs_[idx], shape, &new_shape).ok()) return false;
    inputs_[idx] = new_shape;
    return true;
  }

  // Relax the stored shape of the input in position idx with <shape> according
  // to the following rules:
  //
  // - If the ShapeHandles are the same then the stored shape will be returned.
  // - If either of the ShapeHandles are unknown, then a new UnknownShape will
  //   be returned. A new shape must be returned because we cannot claim that
  //   the resulting shape is necessarily the same as either of the input
  //   shapes.
  // - If the shapes both have known ranks but their ranks are different, a new
  //   UnknownShape will be returned.
  // - For any one dimension, if the value for that dimension in either of the
  //   shapes is unknown, a new shape will be returned with a new UnknownDim in
  //   that dimension.
  // - For any one dimension, if the values for that dimension in both shapes
  //   are known but do not match, a new shape will be returned with a new
  //   UnknownDim in that dimension.
  // - If both shapes have the same known rank and match in every dimension,
  //   the stored shape will be returned.
  // - Example: relaxing [2,?] and [?,2] results in [?,?]
  // - Example: relaxing [2,2] and [3,2] results in [?,2]
  // - Example: relaxing [2,2] with [1,2,3] results in ?
  //
  // This requires idx to be in the [0, num_inputs) range. If the relax is
  // successful and the new shape differs from the old one, store the new
  // shape and return true. Return false otherwise.
  bool RelaxInput(int idx, ShapeHandle shape) {
    ShapeHandle new_shape;
    Relax(inputs_[idx], shape, &new_shape);
    if (inputs_[idx].SameHandle(new_shape)) {
      return false;
    }
    inputs_[idx] = new_shape;
    return true;
  }

  void SetInput(int idx, ShapeHandle shape) { inputs_[idx] = shape; }

  ShapeHandle input(int64_t idx) const { return inputs_[idx]; }
  Status input(StringPiece input_name, std::vector<ShapeHandle>* output) const;
  int num_inputs() const { return inputs_.size(); }

  // Returns the input tensor at index <idx>, or nullptr if the input tensor is
  // not available at the time of shape inference.
  const Tensor* input_tensor(int idx) {
    // Mark that this idx was requested.
    request_input_tensor(idx);
    return input_tensors_[idx];
  }

  // Notifies the shape refiner that the value of the tensor at index <idx>
  // is needed. The shape refiner tries to statically compute this tensor,
  // and if successful re-runs the  shape function with this tensor available
  // in the call to 'input_tensor(idx)'.
  void request_input_tensor(int idx) { requested_input_tensor_[idx] = true; }

  // Returns true iff input_tensor(idx) was called by the shape function.
  bool requested_input_tensor(int idx) const {
    return requested_input_tensor_[idx];
  }

  // Notifies the shape refiner that the value of the tensor at index <idx>
  // as a partial shape is needed. The shape refiner tries to statically compute
  // this, and if successful re-runs the  shape function with the
  // computed PartialTensorShape available in the call to
  // 'MakeShapeFromShapeTensor(idx, handle)' or
  // 'MakeShapeFromShapeTensorTreatScalarAsUnknownShape(idx, handle)'.
  void request_input_tensor_as_partial_shape(int idx) {
    requested_input_tensor_as_partial_shape_[idx] = true;
  }

  // Returns true if MakeShapeFromInputTensor was called but the constant
  // input_tensor was not present.
  bool requested_input_tensor_as_partial_shape(int idx) const {
    return requested_input_tensor_as_partial_shape_[idx];
  }

  void set_input_tensors(const std::vector<const Tensor*>& input_tensors) {
    input_tensors_ = input_tensors;
  }

  void set_input_tensors_as_shapes(
      const std::vector<ShapeHandle>& input_tensors_as_shapes) {
    input_tensors_as_shapes_ = input_tensors_as_shapes;
  }

  const std::vector<ShapeHandle>& input_tensors_as_shapes() const {
    return input_tensors_as_shapes_;
  }

  ShapeHandle output(int64_t idx) const { return outputs_.at(idx); }
  void set_output(int idx, ShapeHandle shape) { outputs_.at(idx) = shape; }
  Status set_output(StringPiece output_name,
                    const std::vector<ShapeHandle>& shapes);

  int num_outputs() const { return outputs_.size(); }
  ShapeHandle output(int idx) const { return outputs_.at(idx); }
  Status output(StringPiece output_name,
                std::vector<ShapeHandle>* output) const;

  // Returns the value for attribute named `attr_name`.
  Status GetAttr(StringPiece attr_name, const AttrValue** attr_value) const {
    return attrs_.Find(attr_name, attr_value);
  }
  const AttrValue* GetAttr(StringPiece attr_name) const {
    return attrs_.Find(attr_name);
  }

  const FullTypeDef& ret_types() const { return ret_types_; }

  // idx can be negative for an offset from end of dimensions.
  // idx must be in the range [-1 * s.rank, s.rank).
  DimensionHandle Dim(ShapeHandle s, int64_t idx) {
    if (!s.Handle() || s->rank_ == kUnknownRank) {
      return UnknownDim();
    }
    return DimKnownRank(s, idx);
  }
  // As above, but asserts that the rank of the shape is known.
  static DimensionHandle DimKnownRank(ShapeHandle s, int64_t idx) {
    CHECK_NE(s->rank_, kUnknownRank);
    if (idx < 0) {
      return s->dims_[s->dims_.size() + idx];
    }
    return s->dims_[idx];
  }

  static int32 Rank(ShapeHandle s) {
    return s.IsSet() ? s->rank_ : kUnknownRank;
  }
  static bool RankKnown(ShapeHandle s) {
    return (s.IsSet() && (Rank(s) != kUnknownRank));
  }
  static inline int64_t Value(DimensionOrConstant d) {
    return d.dim.IsSet() ? d.dim->value_ : d.val;
  }
  static inline bool ValueKnown(DimensionOrConstant d) {
    return Value(d) != kUnknownDim;
  }

  // Fills the output proto with the shape defined by the handle.
  // "proto" is expected to be empty prior to the call.
  void ShapeHandleToProto(ShapeHandle handle, TensorShapeProto* proto);
  TensorShapeProto ShapeHandleToProto(ShapeHandle handle);

  // Returns true if the rank and all dimensions of the Shape are known.
  bool FullyDefined(ShapeHandle s);

  // Returns the total number of elements, or an unknown dimension for an
  // incomplete shape.
  DimensionHandle NumElements(ShapeHandle s);

  std::string DebugString(ShapeHandle s);
  std::string DebugString(DimensionHandle d);
  std::string DebugString(const ShapeAndType& shape_and_type);
  std::string DebugString(gtl::ArraySlice<ShapeAndType> shape_and_types);

  // Describes the whole context, for debugging purposes.
  std::string DebugString() const;

  // If <shape> has rank <rank>, or its rank is unknown, return OK and return
  // the shape with asserted rank in <*out>. Otherwise return an error.
  //
  // Note that <*out> may be set to <shape>.
  Status WithRank(ShapeHandle shape, int64_t rank,
                  ShapeHandle* out) TF_MUST_USE_RESULT;
  Status WithRankAtLeast(ShapeHandle shape, int64_t rank,
                         ShapeHandle* out) TF_MUST_USE_RESULT;
  Status WithRankAtMost(ShapeHandle shape, int64_t rank,
                        ShapeHandle* out) TF_MUST_USE_RESULT;

  // If <dim> has value <value>, or its value is unknown, returns OK and returns
  // the dimension with asserted value in <*out>. Otherwise returns an error.
  //
  // Note that <*out> may be set to <dim>.
  Status WithValue(DimensionHandle dim, int64_t value,
                   DimensionHandle* out) TF_MUST_USE_RESULT;

  // Merges <s0> and <s1> and returns the merged shape in <*out>. See
  // 'MergeInput' function for full details and examples.
  Status Merge(ShapeHandle s0, ShapeHandle s1,
               ShapeHandle* out) TF_MUST_USE_RESULT;

  // Asserts that <s>'s rank >= <prefix>'s rank, and the first
  // <prefix.rank> dimensions of <s> are compatible with the dimensions of
  // <prefix>.
  // Returns the merged results in <*s_out> and <*prefix_out>.
  Status MergePrefix(ShapeHandle s, ShapeHandle prefix, ShapeHandle* s_out,
                     ShapeHandle* prefix_out) TF_MUST_USE_RESULT;

  // Merges <d0> and <d1> and returns the merged dimension in <*out>. If <d0>
  // and <d1> have incompatible values, returns an error.
  //
  // Note that <*out> may be set to <d0> or <d1>.
  Status Merge(DimensionHandle d0, DimensionHandle d1,
               DimensionHandle* out) TF_MUST_USE_RESULT;

  // Returns in <*out> a sub-shape of <s> with dimensions [start:].
  // <start> can be negative to index from the end of the shape. If <start> >
  // rank of <s>, then an empty subshape is returned.
  Status Subshape(ShapeHandle s, int64_t start,
                  ShapeHandle* out) TF_MUST_USE_RESULT;

  // Returns in <*out> a sub-shape of <s>, with dimensions [start:end].
  // <start> and <end> can be negative, to index from the end of the shape.
  // <start> and <end> are set to the rank of <s> if > rank of <s>.
  Status Subshape(ShapeHandle s, int64_t start, int64_t end,
                  ShapeHandle* out) TF_MUST_USE_RESULT;

  // Returns in <*out> a sub-shape of <s>, with dimensions [start:end:stride].
  // <start> and <end> can be negative, to index from the end of the shape.
  // <start> and <end> are set to the rank of <s> if > rank of <s>.
  // <stride> can be negative, to reverse the <s>.
  Status Subshape(ShapeHandle s, int64_t start, int64_t end, int64_t stride,
                  ShapeHandle* out) TF_MUST_USE_RESULT;

  // Returns in <*out> the result of appending the dimensions of <s2> to those
  // of <s1>.
  Status Concatenate(ShapeHandle s1, ShapeHandle s2,
                     ShapeHandle* out) TF_MUST_USE_RESULT;

  // Returns in <out> the shape from replacing <s.dim[dim_index]> with
  // <new_dim>.
  Status ReplaceDim(ShapeHandle s, int64_t dim_index, DimensionHandle new_dim,
                    ShapeHandle* out) TF_MUST_USE_RESULT;

  // Returns a new shape with the given dims. The returned value is owned by
  // this context.
  ShapeHandle MakeShape(const std::vector<DimensionHandle>& dims);
  ShapeHandle MakeShape(std::initializer_list<DimensionOrConstant> dims);

  // Returns a new unknown shape.
  ShapeHandle UnknownShape();

  // Returns a shape with specified rank but unknown dims.
  ShapeHandle UnknownShapeOfRank(int64_t rank);

  // Returns a new shape of zero dimensions.
  ShapeHandle Scalar();

  // Returns a new shape of one dimension.
  ShapeHandle Vector(DimensionOrConstant dim);

  // Returns a new shape of two dimensions.
  ShapeHandle Matrix(DimensionOrConstant dim1, DimensionOrConstant dim2);

  // Returns in <out> a new shape whose dimension sizes come from input tensor
  // <input_idx>. The tensor must be a 1-dimensional int32 or int64 tensor.  If
  // the input tensor is NULL, then an unknown shape is returned.
  Status MakeShapeFromShapeTensor(int input_idx, ShapeHandle* out);

  // Like the function above, but treats scalar values as unknown
  // shapes.  **NOTE** If the scalar is statically known, its value
  // must be -1 or an error is returned.
  Status MakeShapeFromShapeTensorTreatScalarAsUnknownShape(int input_idx,
                                                           ShapeHandle* out);

  // Returns in <out> a new shape corresponding to <proto>.
  Status MakeShapeFromShapeProto(const TensorShapeProto& proto,
                                 ShapeHandle* out);

  // Returns in <out> a new shape corresponding to <partial_shape>.
  Status MakeShapeFromPartialTensorShape(
      const PartialTensorShape& partial_shape, ShapeHandle* out);

  // Returns in <out> a new shape corresponding to <shape>.
  Status MakeShapeFromTensorShape(const TensorShape& shape, ShapeHandle* out);
  StatusOr<ShapeHandle> MakeShapeFromShapeTensor(const TensorShape& shape);

  // Returns a new dimension of the given size.  The returned value is owned by
  // this context.
  inline DimensionHandle MakeDim(DimensionOrConstant d) {
    return shape_manager_.MakeDim(d);
  }

  inline DimensionHandle UnknownDim() { return MakeDim(kUnknownDim); }

  // Returns in <val> a scalar value from an input tensor <t>.  The input tensor
  // must be a 0-dimensional int32 or int64 tensor.  Caller must ensure that the
  // input tensor is not NULL.
  Status GetScalarFromTensor(const Tensor* t, int64_t* val);

  // Returns in <val> a scalar value from a 1D input tensor <t> with int32 or
  // int64 elements. Caller must ensure that the input tensor is not NULL.
  Status GetScalarFromTensor(const Tensor* t, int64_t idx, int64_t* val);

  // Returns a new dimension whose value is given by a scalar input tensor.
  // The input tensor must be in host memory, since it is dereferenced to get
  // the value.
  Status MakeDimForScalarInput(int idx, DimensionHandle* out);

  // Returns a new dimension whose value is given by a scalar input tensor.
  // This allows for a negative input dimension given the rank of a separate
  // tensor.  This rank can be negative if unknown.
  // The input tensor must be in host memory, since it is dereferenced to get
  // the value.
  Status MakeDimForScalarInputWithNegativeIndexing(int idx, int input_rank,
                                                   DimensionHandle* out);

  // Look up the attr being evaluated with name attr_name and set *value to its
  // value. If no attr with attr_name is found in def(), or the attr does not
  // have a matching type, a non-ok status will be returned.
  template <class T>
  Status GetAttr(StringPiece attr_name, T* value) const;

  // Returns in <out> the result of dividing <dividend> by <divisor>.
  // Returns an error if <divisor>  is not positive or if <evenly_divisible>
  // and <divisor> does not evenly divide <dividend>.
  Status Divide(DimensionHandle dividend, DimensionOrConstant divisor,
                bool evenly_divisible, DimensionHandle* out);

  // Returns in <out> the sum of <first> and <second>.
  Status Add(DimensionHandle first, DimensionOrConstant second,
             DimensionHandle* out);

  // Returns in <out> the dimension that is <first> minus <second>.
  Status Subtract(DimensionHandle first, DimensionOrConstant second,
                  DimensionHandle* out);

  // Returns in <out> the product of <first> and <second>.
  Status Multiply(DimensionHandle first, DimensionOrConstant second,
                  DimensionHandle* out);

  // Returns in <out> the minimum of <first> and <second>. If either <first> or
  // <second> is zero the results is zero. Otherwise, if either <first> or
  // <second> is unknown the results is unknown.
  Status Min(DimensionHandle first, DimensionOrConstant second,
             DimensionHandle* out);

  // Returns in <out> the maximum of <first> and <second>. If either <first> or
  // <second> is unknown the results is unknown.
  Status Max(DimensionHandle first, DimensionOrConstant second,
             DimensionHandle* out);

  Status construction_status() const { return construction_status_; }

  // Methods to propagate shape and dtype on edges of handles. Handles are the
  // dtype DT_RESOURCE which can be used to access state stored in a
  // ResourceManager. When ops (such as variables) consume these handles to
  // produce tensors they might need to know side-information about the shapes
  // and dtypes of tensors which can be accessed via the handle. These methods
  // propagate that information. Output handle dtypes and shapes are ignored if
  // the output tensor is not of type DT_RESOURCE.

  // Merge the stored shapes and types corresponding to the input handle in
  // position idx with the specified shapes and types. This requires idx to be
  // in the [0, num_inputs) range.
  //
  // If the merge is successful and any of the new shapes differs from the old
  // one, or any of the old dtypes was DT_INVALID, store the new shapes and
  // return true.  Return false otherwise.
  //
  // See 'MergeInput' function for full details and examples.
  bool MergeInputHandleShapesAndTypes(
      int idx,
      const std::vector<ShapeAndType>& shapes_and_types) TF_MUST_USE_RESULT;

  // As MergeInputHandleShapesAndTypes, but for an output.
  bool MergeOutputHandleShapesAndTypes(
      int idx,
      const std::vector<ShapeAndType>& shapes_and_types) TF_MUST_USE_RESULT;

  // Relaxes the stored shapes and types corresponding to the input handle in
  // position idx with the specified shapes and types. This requires idx to be
  // in the [0, num_inputs) range.
  //
  // If the relax is successful (sizes are the same, old dtypes match new ones
  // or are DT_INVALID), then store the relaxed shapes and return true.
  // Return false otherwise.
  //
  // See 'RelaxInput' function for full details and examples.
  bool RelaxInputHandleShapesAndMergeTypes(
      int idx,
      const std::vector<ShapeAndType>& shapes_and_types) TF_MUST_USE_RESULT;

  // As RelaxInputHandleShapesAndTypes, but for an output.
  bool RelaxOutputHandleShapesAndMergeTypes(
      int idx,
      const std::vector<ShapeAndType>& shapes_and_types) TF_MUST_USE_RESULT;

  void set_input_handle_shapes_and_types(
      int idx, const std::vector<ShapeAndType>& shapes_and_types) {
    input_handle_shapes_and_types_[idx] =
        absl::make_unique<std::vector<ShapeAndType>>(shapes_and_types);
  }

  // Returns the output handle shapes and types, for the resource tensor output
  // at index <idx>. Returns NULL if the shape and types were never set.
  const std::vector<ShapeAndType>* output_handle_shapes_and_types(int idx) {
    return output_handle_shapes_and_types_[idx].get();
  }

  // Returns the inputs handle shapes and types, for the resource tensor input
  // at index <idx>. Returns NULL if the shape and types were not available.
  const std::vector<ShapeAndType>* input_handle_shapes_and_types(int idx) {
    return input_handle_shapes_and_types_[idx].get();
  }

  void set_output_handle_shapes_and_types(
      int idx, const std::vector<ShapeAndType>& shapes_and_types) {
    output_handle_shapes_and_types_[idx] =
        absl::make_unique<std::vector<ShapeAndType>>(shapes_and_types);
  }

  // Note that shape functions should usually call MakeShapeFromShapeTensor,
  // as it does more analysis to provide partial shapes.
  //
  // Returns in <out> a new shape whose dimension sizes come from tensor <t>.
  // The tensor must be a 1-dimensional int32 or int64 tensor.  If <t> is NULL,
  // then an unknown shape is returned.
  Status MakeShapeFromTensor(const Tensor* t, ShapeHandle tensor_shape,
                             ShapeHandle* out);

  int graph_def_version() const { return graph_def_version_; }

  const std::vector<std::pair<ShapeHandle, ShapeHandle>>& MergedShapes() const {
    return merged_shapes_;
  }
  const std::vector<std::pair<DimensionHandle, DimensionHandle>>& MergedDims()
      const {
    return merged_dims_;
  }

  // Adds new outputs; useful when mutating the graph.
  Status ExpandOutputs(int new_output_size);

 private:
  // Creates and stores shapes for use in InferenceContext.
  class ShapeManager {
   public:
    ShapeManager();
    ~ShapeManager();

    // Returns a new shape with the given dims. The returned value is owned by
    // this class.
    ShapeHandle MakeShape(const std::vector<DimensionHandle>& dims);

    // Returns a new unknown shape.
    ShapeHandle UnknownShape();

    // Returns a new dimension of the given size.  The returned value
    // is owned by this class.
    inline DimensionHandle MakeDim(DimensionOrConstant d) {
      if (d.dim.IsSet()) {
        return d.dim;
      } else {
        all_dims_.push_back(new Dimension(d.val));
        return all_dims_.back();
      }
    }

   private:
    std::vector<Shape*> all_shapes_;    // values are owned.
    std::vector<Dimension*> all_dims_;  // values are owned.
  };

  friend class ::tensorflow::grappler::GraphProperties;

  friend class ShapeInferenceTest;      // For testing Relax functions.
  friend class ShapeInferenceTestutil;  // For testing shapes.

  // Shared initialization across the two constructors.  Remove
  // once we get rid of one of them.
  void PreInputInit(const OpDef& op_def,
                    const std::vector<const Tensor*>& input_tensors,
                    const std::vector<ShapeHandle>& input_tensors_as_shapes);
  void PostInputInit(std::vector<std::unique_ptr<std::vector<ShapeAndType>>>
                         input_handle_data);

  Status ReturnUnknownShape(ShapeHandle* out) {
    *out = UnknownShape();
    return OkStatus();
  }
  Status ReturnCreatedShape(const std::vector<DimensionHandle>& dims,
                            ShapeHandle* out) {
    *out = MakeShape(dims);
    return OkStatus();
  }

  // Adds additional context to the given status.
  Status AttachContext(const Status& status);

  // Relaxes an existing value <d_old> with a new value <d_new> and returns the
  // relaxed dimension in <*out>. If <d_old> and <d_new> have incompatible
  // values, returns an error.
  //
  // Note that <*out> may be set to <d_old> or <d_new>.
  void Relax(DimensionHandle d_old, DimensionHandle d_new,
             DimensionHandle* out);
  // Relaxes an existing shape <s_old> with a new shape <s_new> and returns the
  // relaxed shape in <*out>. See 'RelaxInput' function for full details and
  // examples.
  void Relax(ShapeHandle s_old, ShapeHandle s_new, ShapeHandle* out);

  // Used to implement MergeInputHandleShapesAndTypes and
  // MergeOutputHandleShapesAndTypes.
  bool MergeHandleShapesAndTypes(
      const std::vector<ShapeAndType>& shapes_and_types,
      std::vector<ShapeAndType>* to_update) TF_MUST_USE_RESULT;
  // Used to implement RelaxInputHandleShapesAndMergeTypes and
  // RelaxOutputHandleShapesAndMergeTypes.
  bool RelaxHandleShapesAndMergeTypes(
      const std::vector<ShapeAndType>& shapes_and_types,
      std::vector<ShapeAndType>* to_update) TF_MUST_USE_RESULT;

  // Forget all the previous merged shapes and dims.
  void ForgetMerges() {
    merged_shapes_.clear();
    merged_dims_.clear();
  }

  // Helper method for MakeShapeFromTensor and MakeShapeFromShapeTensor.
  Status InternalMakeShapeFromTensor(
      bool treat_unknown_scalar_tensor_as_unknown_shape, const Tensor* t,
      ShapeHandle tensor_shape, ShapeHandle* out);

  ShapeManager shape_manager_;

  // inputs_, outputs_, and input_tensors_as_shapes_ refer to values from
  // `shape_manager_`.
  std::vector<ShapeHandle> inputs_;
  std::vector<const Tensor*> input_tensors_;
  std::vector<bool> requested_input_tensor_;
  std::vector<ShapeHandle> outputs_;
  // Can have fewer elements than inputs_.
  std::vector<ShapeHandle> input_tensors_as_shapes_;
  std::vector<bool> requested_input_tensor_as_partial_shape_;

  // input_handle_shapes_and_types_[i] is the list of shape/type pairs available
  // through the resource handle passed along input i of the node.
  //
  // Values may be NULL.
  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<std::vector<ShapeAndType>>>
      input_handle_shapes_and_types_;

  // output_handle_shapes_and_types_[i] is the list of shape/type pairs
  // available through the resource handle passed along output i of the node.
  //
  // Values may be NULL.
  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<std::vector<ShapeAndType>>>
      output_handle_shapes_and_types_;

  // Return types for the node this context is associated with. This information
  // is to eventually consolidate all the dtype and shape info, allowing for
  // output_handle_shapes_and_types_ to be removed.
  FullTypeDef ret_types_;

  const int graph_def_version_;
  AttrSlice attrs_;
  NameRangeMap input_name_map_;
  NameRangeMap output_name_map_;

  // An error set during construction. TODO(cwhipkey): remove when test
  // constructor is removed.
  Status construction_status_;

  // Pair of shape or dim handles that are equivalent, ie that represent the
  // same underlying shape of dimension. Note that for each pair at least one of
  // the handles must contain an unknown shape, since we don't keep track of
  // known shapes or dims here.
  std::vector<std::pair<ShapeHandle, ShapeHandle>> merged_shapes_;
  std::vector<std::pair<DimensionHandle, DimensionHandle>> merged_dims_;

  TF_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(InferenceContext);
};

// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Template and inline method implementations, please ignore

inline Dimension::Dimension() : value_(InferenceContext::kUnknownDim) {}
inline Dimension::Dimension(int64_t value) : value_(value) {
  DCHECK(value >= 0 || value == InferenceContext::kUnknownDim)
      << "Dimension must be non-negative or equal to "
         "InferenceContext::kUnknownDim but got "
      << value;
}

inline Shape::Shape() : rank_(InferenceContext::kUnknownRank) {}
inline Shape::Shape(const std::vector<DimensionHandle>& dims)
    : rank_(dims.size()), dims_(dims) {}

inline DimensionOrConstant::DimensionOrConstant(DimensionHandle dim)
    : dim(dim) {
  DCHECK(dim.IsSet()) << "Internal error: Got nullptr for Dimension.";
}

inline DimensionOrConstant::DimensionOrConstant(int64_t val) : val(val) {
  DCHECK(val >= 0 || val == InferenceContext::kUnknownDim)
      << "Dimension must be non-negative or equal to "
         "InferenceContext::kUnknownDim but got "
      << val;
}

template <class T>
Status InferenceContext::GetAttr(StringPiece attr_name, T* value) const {
  return GetNodeAttr(attrs_, attr_name, value);
}

}  // namespace shape_inference
}  // namespace tensorflow

#endif  // TENSORFLOW_CORE_FRAMEWORK_SHAPE_INFERENCE_H_


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Martens Legal is taking a well-deserved break and will be closed from 5pm tomorrow to 9am Monday, 8 January 2018. If any urgent matters arise during that time, please leave us a message on (07) 3175 1441 and we will get back to you.
Wishing you a new year filled with health, happiness and success.


text:
British government persecutes anti-ISIS girl as 'terrorist'
Posted on September 7, 2015 by petrel41
This 2 April 2015 video from London, England says about itself:
'She's an inspiration, not a criminal'
Yesterday, Shilan Ozcelik, an 18-year-old Brit of Kurdish descent, was given a pre-trial hearing at the Old Bailey in London. Her alleged crime? Leaving Britain to join the YPJ, the women's Kurdish militia that is fighting the Islamic State [ISIS] in northern Syria. At a time when the world's political elites continue to dither over the threat of IS[IS], Ozcelik's courage and resolve should be celebrated, not criminalised. spiked spoke to the Kurdish protesters outside the Old Bailey, to find out more about Ozcelik's inspiring story.
While right-wingers in Britain smear the left wing of the Labour party as 'akin to ISIS terrorists', the British Conservative government continues to persecute the only effective force against ISIS, the Turkish and Syrian Kurds, as 'terrorists' … reminding one of the time when Nelson Mandela, Senator Edward Kennedy etc. etc. were on the lists of so-called terrorists of NATO countries.
By Lamiat Sabin in Britain:
Woman in court for alleged PKK ties
Monday 7th September 2015
A WOMAN accused of terrorism-related activity is set to appear at the Old Bailey today in the first trial involving the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) in more than a decade.
Shilan Ozcelik was arrested in January for allegedly attempting to join the PKK, designated a terrorist group by Britain in 2001.
The 18-year-old from Highbury, north London, is charged with "engaging in conduct in preparation to and for giving an effect to an intention to commit acts of terrorism" under the Terrorism Act 2006.
Ms Ozcelik has been held on remand since March in Holloway Prison after she was arrested at Stansted Airport while returning from Syria on suspicion of travelling to fight against the so-called Islamic State (Isis).
She is also accused of attempting to join the Women's Protection Units of the PKK.
Ms Ozcelik and her family claimed that she had gone to Syria to be an aid worker.
The Kurdish community in Britain criticised the charge as a "blatant example of selective and political criminalisation."
"We know that Shilan has never committed any act of violence and poses no threat to the people of this country.
"As such, we reiterate our call for the charges against her to be dropped," the Peace in Kurdistan Campaign said in a statement.
"We reject this labelling of the PKK (as terrorist), which we believe confuses the Kurdish people's legitimate struggle for self-determination with terrorism and has the effect of criminalising anyone in the Kurdish community who is part of peaceful political activity."
Turkey broke a ceasefire with the PKK last month after a strong showing by Kurdish political party HDP in recent elections.
YESTERDAY in Parliament, Tory PM Cameron admitted that the UK conducted a secret, illegal airstrike on Syria, targeting and killing a British national. The 'suspect' was not tried in a court of law, simply taken out by a military drone in a criminal assasination. This action was in complete opposition to the will of Parliament which overwhelmingly voted against UK airstrikes on Syria in August 2013: here.
DAVID CAMERON revealed yesterday that the RAF carried out a secret drone strike in Syria which killed two British citizens fighting for Islamic State (Isis). The Prime Minister insisted the strike was "necessary and proportionate" to stop attacks being planned on Britain. But campaigners described it as a an "extrajudicial killing" that "violated" the will of Parliament: here.
ISIS DEFECTORS LAY OUT THEIR REASONS FOR QUITTING Disillusionment, corruption and mass killings were a few of the popular reasons for leaving the extremist group. [Nick Robins-Early, HuffPost]
A BRITISH man who fought Isis as a member of a Kurdish militia appeared in court yesterday charged with attending a terrorist training camp: here.
AN EX-SQUADDIE who risked his life fighting Isis had "extraordinary and totally unjustified" terror charges against him dropped today. James Matthews, who volunteered to fight Isis alongside Kurdish YPG forces, had been accused of attending terrorist training camps in Iraq and Syria and was due to face trial at the Old Bailey in November. But, seven months after Mr Matthews was charged, Tom Little QC announced yesterday that the prosecution had concluded there was no longer a realistic prospect of conviction on "evidential grounds": here.
British actor Richard Attenborough helped honour Nelson Mandela
Exclusive: Newly Discovered 1964 MLK Speech on Civil Rights, Segregation & Apartheid South Africa
'Protests do work, British Blairite Yvette Cooper'
The West is no friend of the Kurds
Angela Davis: There Is No 'I' In Movement
Kurds recapture villages
This entry was posted in Human rights, Peace and war and tagged Syria, terrorism, UK by petrel41. Bookmark the permalink.
19 thoughts on "British government persecutes anti-ISIS girl as 'terrorist'"
petrel41 on September 7, 2015 at 6:17 pm said:
Dutch journalist detained in Turkey
TURKEY: A Dutch journalist says she has been detained by police while covering clashes in a town in Turkey's mainly Kurdish south-east.
Frederike Geerdink said on her Twitter account yesterday that she was detained in the town of Yusekova and would be questioned by a prosecutor.
Ms Geerdink was previously briefly detained in January and acquitted of charges of engaging in propaganda on behalf of the Kurdish rebels in April.
http://morningstaronline.co.uk/a-06b4-World-in-brief-September-7-2015#.Ve3UcZdDgdU
reasonablyliberal on September 7, 2015 at 6:42 pm said:
Reblogged this on OK, Fine. and commented:
Re-blogged from Dear Kitty. Some Blog. According to The Guardian, Shilan Ozcelik , an 18-year-old of Kurdish descent, was arrested earlier this year at Stansted airport in London.
Ozcelik is believed to be the first British citizen to be arrested for allegedly trying to join the campaign against Islamic State in eastern Syria and western Iraq. She was arrested under Britain's 2006 Terrorism Act.
In other words, she was arrested for fighting the Islamic State, not joining it.
Ozcelik was refused bail and will remain in Holloway prison until a full hearing on 7 September.
donwreford on September 7, 2015 at 11:56 pm said:
The allied forces meaning the colonists are confused as to whose side they are on are is Isis the enemy of the West or Assad? as both are enemies of Western Allies, the alternative likely possibility is they are not confused by this I mean they are involved with swinging from one side or the other having a no side strategy? this strategy is to legitimize killing and death to those considered the enemy for no other reason than power and this is to extract energy from the Middle East as elsewhere the militarism of the West is no more or less than organized crime to stay in power, and this power is somewhat tenuous as seen by Cameron's action of killing a British subject in Syria by a drone strike stating he was a threat to Britain? when a Prime Minister such as Cameron feels British security is under threat by a British subject and the murder of this person with no trial to understand the situation of a individual as such? it is noted the delicate and defensive paranoia, you can understand the government whom endorses such actions are a government that is clinging on to power having a serious problem.
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petrel41 on January 5, 2017 at 11:08 am said:
posted by Morning Star in Britain
A FORMER soldier received a community order yesterday for breaking terror laws in his bid to join Kurdish forces fighting the Isis death cult.
Robert Clarke of Pembrey, Camarthenshire, was arrested at Heathrow airport as he boarded a plane bound for Jordan in September.
He was charged with wilfully obstructing a stop-and-search under the Terrorism Act when he refused to give officers his mobile phone pin number.
Westminster magistrates' court heard that the 23-year-old was heading to the Middle East to join the fight against terrorism.
Following his arrest he said: "A lot of British people are going out to Iraq to fight Isis. I feel it is the right thing to do. They need to be stopped."
Mr Clarke — who received death threats from Islamic extremists after his arrest according to his solicitor — was sentenced to a 12-month community order with 50 hours of unpaid work and banned from leaving Britain for the same period.
He was also ordered to pay a victim surcharge of £85.
http://morningstaronline.co.uk/a-6145-Community-order-for-bid-to-fight-Isis#.WG4ooX2bIdU
petrel41 on March 21, 2017 at 10:10 am said:
posted by Steve Sweeney in Britain
A BRITISH man who was arrested on his return home from fighting Isis in Syria said he "wouldn't have forgiven himself for not going."
Josh Walker from Bristol fought alongside the Kurdish YPG forces against the terrorist groups for six months.
He was arrested under the Terrorism Act at Gatwick Airport on his return to Britain before being released on bail.
Mr Walker told the BBC that despite some "terrifying moments" he would "always be proud" of what he did.
He added: "I hadn't gone out in a gung-ho manner but if I was under attack I was going to fight.
"All you can do is keep your head down and hope it stops."
The young Brit travelled via Turkey and Iraq before arriving in the semi-autonomous state of Rojava in northern Syria.
The YPG is a Kurdish nationalist and democratic organisation in which officers are elected by troops. With around 20,000 fighters, 40 per cent of the YPG are made up of women.
The YPG-majority Syrian Defence Forces have been engaged in operations to liberate Manbij and Raqqa from Isis.
But they have periodically clashed with the Syrian government, which fears demands for Kurdish autonomy could "Balkanise" the country.
Mr Walker also fought alongside 20-year-old British fighter Ryan Lock, who was killed in a battle north of Raqqa and is reported to have shot himself rather than face capture.
The Foreign Office advises against all travel to Syria due to a "high threat from terrorism" and a "very high threat of kidnapping" throughout the country.
http://www.morningstaronline.co.uk/a-5acc-Brit-who-fought-Isis-will-always-be-proud-of-actions#.WND7UmdFcdU
petrel41 on April 1, 2017 at 10:55 am said:
YPG volunteer from the UK calls for support for the Kurdish struggle
YPG volunteer Aiden Aslin from the United Kingdom called on the international community to support the Kurdish struggle, remarking that they would have been in Raqqa already had Turkey not been involved.
YPG volunteer Aiden Aslin from the United Kingdom who came to Rojava to fight ISIS in 2015 is one of the combatants partaking in the Operation Wrath of Euphrates to liberate Raqqa from ISIS occupation.
Aslin, whose Kurdish name is Rojhat Rojava, said the followings in an interview with ANF.
"I first came to Rojava in 2015 April. Originally I came to fight ISIS. I stayed five months the first time, and then I left. When I came back this time I came back for the revolution and the ideology. I find the ideology as probably the only thing that's going to keep the Middle East at peace. Democratic Confederalism includes people of all races and I think this is something that we should be pushing forward to include in parts of Syria, United Syria.
"ISIS FIGHTERS ARE SCARED AND ON THE RUN"
Currently I'm at the front lines of Raqqa, we've just taken the town of Jazirah and we're still pushing towards Raqqa. At the moment ISIS is starting to put a bit more resistance but we've been rolling for the country side. Now that we've taken the town, they are putting a lot more resistance up against us. They know SDF is on the front door step of Raqqa and they know we're coming for them and they're getting scared and they're on the run.
Personally I don't want to go home, the first time I went home the British police arrested me and accused me of terrorism because I'm fighting against ISIS. I'll probably end up living in Kurdistan after this is finished.
My message to the British people and the American people and the West in general is get down to your local MPs, your congressmen, and help support the Kurdish cause. Not only the Kurdish cause but the SDF cause. We're on Raqqa's door step and we're coming hard for ISIS. We're coming back for vengeance and we need all the support we can get in the west because at the moment political troubles are arising along with Turkey. The more support we can get, the more support on the ground here we can get. So just get involved, do whatever you can.
"ERDOĞAN MAKES ISIS LAST LONGER"
We would have been in Raqqa already had Turkey not been involved. They illegally entered Rojava, Syria and are currently occupying land between Afrin and Kobane. They continuously attack our forces, they are attacking civilians. Had they not been involved we probably would've been in Raqqa right now and we would've dealt with ISIS. But because of that effort to slow us down and slow the Kurdish cause down, they've basically made ISIS last longer basically and this is all down to President Erdoğan.
It doesn't surprise me with Britain, they've got two messages. One message is that says they support the YPG, like militarily with air strikes. And then the other one is that they support the guys that are attacking the YPG. In my honest opinion, the arms deal between Turkey and Britain, and Britain saying that they support the YPG with the air strikes and then going behind the back and selling the weapons that are used to kill people here in our forces, is a foreign policy cluster.
"ISIS FIGHTERS WILL EITHER DIE OR SURRENDER"
My message goes to the ISIS fighters that are probably watching this; you've got nowhere to go, you've got nowhere to hide, your exit routes are cut off and the SDF are coming hard for you! You've got two options; you can either surrender or you can die. So you better check yourself before you wreck yourself."
Source: RAQQA – ANF 15-03-2017
petrel41 on August 26, 2017 at 10:38 am said:
A FORMER British soldier who fought against Isis in Syria has been charged with terror offences in Turkey, it was reported yesterday.
Joe Robinson was arrested on the beach while on a family holiday in the Turkish resort of Didim last month.
Mr Robinson travelled to Syria where he joined the Kurdish People's Protection Units (YPG) which led the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) in the fight against Isis.
Turkey has demanded the US drops its support for the YPG, accusing it of being the Syrian offshoot of the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK), which it deems a terrorist organisation.
Mr Robinson has been charged with membership of a terrorist organisation according to his solicitor, who said his partner Mira Rojkan has been charged with spreading terrorist propaganda for sharing pro-Kurdish posts online.
His solicitor said that he was being kept in his cell for 23 hours a day and his family have written to Prime Minister Theresa May appealing for her to intervene and secure his release.
British-based group the Kurdistan Solidarity Campaign spokesman Mark Campbell told the Star: "Unfortunately, Joe went on holiday to Turkey not realising the kind of state it has now become.
"Increasingly Turkey, rather than a 'Paradise Preserved,' is fast becoming the 'Republic of Fear' with ordinary people being regularly jailed for their tweets and Facebook posts."
He said it was time to boycott holidays to Turkey and demanded an end to arms sales and the release of Joe Robinson, Mira Rojkan and all political prisoners.
An online petition demanding Mr Robinson's release has gained more than 3,000 signatures.
A Foreign Office spokesman said they were providing support to the family and were in contact with Turkish authorities.
http://morningstaronline.co.uk/a-2005-Ex-soldier-arrested-in-Turkey-over-link-to-anti-Isis-fighters#.WaFPNsZpwdU
petrel41 on October 24, 2017 at 10:39 am said:
Tuesday 24th October 2017
A BRITISH man who fought Isis in Syria should be hailed as a "hero" instead of facing jail on terrorism charges, Kurdish solidarity campaigners said yesterday.
The trial of Josh Walker started at Birmingham Crown Court yesterday after a last-minute appeal to drop the case was dismissed.
He was arrested at Gatwick airport in December last year after returning from Syria, where had spent six months fighting Isis with the US and British-backed People's Protection Units (YPG).
Mr Walker was charged under Section 58 of the Terrorism Act after officers found a partial copy of the "Anarchist Cookbook" during a search of his home.
The YPG is not deemed a terrorist organisation in Britain and hundreds of volunteers from across the world have joined them in the fight against jihadists. If found guilty, Mr Walker could face up to 10 years in prison. But campaigners said he should be treated as a hero for risking his life to fight the Isis death-cult in Syria.
A small protest was held outside the court by the Hands Off Josh Walker campaign, which says it is absurd that Mr Walker has been charged as a terrorist after he had been in Syria fighting terrorists.
Kurdistan Solidarity Campaign co-secretary Rosa Gilbert told the Star that Mr Walker should be treated as a hero for "risking life and limb" in the fight against Isis.
She added: "Instead, he is being criminalised by the UK's part-Kafka, part-parody 'counter-terrorist' criminal justice system.
"This is all the more egregious given that Salman Abedi — the Manchester bomber — was allowed to move freely between here and the Middle East because MI6 found him useful in their attempts to encourage Islamist radicalism.
"It just shows that this treatment of Josh isn't about actual concerns of terrorism but an extension of Britain's anti-Kurdish, pro-Turkish foreign policy position."
http://morningstaronline.co.uk/a-3323-Trial-begins-for-Brit-who-fought-Isis#.We8Xl3ZpEdU
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petrel41 on February 26, 2018 at 7:37 pm said:
Why is Jim Matthews on trial for terrorism?
Breaking its alliance with the YPG is proving tricky for Britain. But presenting them as a terrorist faction is an easy way out, writes STEVE SWEENEY
https://morningstaronline.co.uk/article/jim-matthews-trial-watershed-moment-british-foreign-policy
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petrel41 on July 1, 2019 at 11:46 am said:
Don't criminalise solidarity!
An event to oppose new powers to prosecute returnees from designated overseas areas will take place on Friday in London.
An event to oppose new powers to prosecute returnees from designated overseas areas will take place on Friday, 28 June from 6.30-9pm at Room BG01, Brunei Gallery, SOAS University, Russell Square, in London.
The event is hosted by SOAS Kurdish Society and Campaign Against Criminalising Communities (CAMPACC) and supported by Kurdistan Solidarity Network (KSK), London Kurdish Solidarity (LKS), Democratic Kurdish Peoples Assembly UK; Kurdish Youth Movement; The Network for Police Monitoring (NETPOL); Haldane Society of Socialist Lawyers.
The event is chaired by Anne Gray, CAMPACC. Speakers include Les Levidow, CAMPACC; Dr Thomas Jeffrey Miley, Lecturer in Political Sociology, Cambridge University; Dirk Campbell, father of Anna Campbell, UK volunteer who died fighting the Turkish occupation of Afrin; Macer Gifford, former UK volunteer in Rojava, fought Isis with YPG; Emily Apple, NETPOL; Nik Matheou, London Kurdish Solidarity (LKS).
In the wake of the panic caused by British citizens travelling to northeast Syria to join ISIS, and the terrorist threat they may pose upon their return, the British government rushed through the Counter-Terrorism and Border Security Act 2019. It created a new offence of entering or remaining in a "designated area" overseas. The offence would apply to UK nationals and residents, with a maximum penalty of ten years imprisonment, a fine or both. The Act imposes a presumption of guilt upon defendants, who have the onus to provide a reasonable excuse for their presence.
Having failed to prosecute returnees for genuine terrorist acts, the government proposes to criminalise mere travel to a designated area. In practice, such travel has had diverse reasons, e.g. to visit family, conduct research, document human rights abuses, undertake humanitarian relief and to join the fight against ISIS. Faced with up to ten years imprisonment, some people will simply opt not to travel; this outcome would have a chilling effect on family relationships, academic inquiry, investigative journalism and acts of solidarity. The offence also risks criminalising vulnerable people who are groomed or otherwise convinced to travel under false pretences, as well as people who are unable to leave an area once it has been designated.
State powers under all the numerous counter-terrorism laws since 2000 have not brought security to the British people. Ordinary criminal law had sufficient powers to prosecute anyone planning terrorist acts in the traditional sense, i.e. violent acts aiming to cause serious harm or terrorise entire groups. Despite more comprehensive powers under anti-terror laws, the state has often failed to identify potential terrorists and to prevent them from carrying out terrorist acts. Meanwhile non-violent political activity and associations have become increasingly criminalised by the state.
In particular, Britain's counter-terror regime has helped to legitimise Turkey's long-standing terror campaign against its Kurdish population in the name of 'counter-terrorism'. In parallel the UK has continued selling Turkey arms for that offensive, which entered north-eastern Syria earlier this year, providing a cover for terrorist groups such as Jabhat Al-Nusra. UK 'anti-terror' powers have reinforced that cover for Turkey's terror campaign, thus playing both sides of the conflict in northeastern Syria. The 'designated areas' powers blur any distinction between terrorists versus those who fight terrorists to protect their communities.
This meeting will discuss how to oppose the new powers and to deter the government from using them.
Source: ANF London 26-06-2019
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text:
Catalog Fire & Blood » Audio Books »
Fire & Blood: 300 Years Before A Game of Thrones (A Targaryen History)
The thrilling history of the Targaryens comes to life in this masterly work by the author of A Song of Ice and Fire, the inspiration for HBO's Game of Thrones. With all the fire and fury fans have come to expect from internationally bestselling author George R. R. Martin, this is the first volume of the definitive two-part history of the Targaryens in Westeros. Centuries before the events of A Game of Thrones, House Targaryen—the only family of dragonlords to survive the Doom of Valyria—took up residence on Dragonstone. Fire & Blood begins their tale with the legendary Aegon the Conqueror, creator of the Iron Throne, and goes on to recount the generations of Targaryens who fought to hold that iconic seat, all the way up to the civil war that nearly tore their dynasty apart. What really happened during the Dance of the Dragons? Why was it so deadly to visit Valyria after the Doom? What were Maegor the Cruel's worst crimes? What was it like in Westeros when dragons ruled the skies? These are but a few of the questions answered in this essential chronicle, as related by a learned maester of the Citadel and featuring more than eighty all-new black-and-white illustrations by artist Doug Wheatley. Readers have glimpsed small parts of this narrative in such volumes as The World of Ice & Fire, but now, for the first time, the full tapestry of Targaryen history is revealed. With all the scope and grandeur of Gibbon's The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Fire & Blood is the ultimate game of thrones, giving readers a whole new appreciation for the dynamic, often bloody, and always fascinating history of Westeros.Includes a bonus PDF of illustrations from the book
Bordeaux - Adult Fiction has 3
Fiction Martin
Donelson - Adult Fiction has 2
East - Adult Fiction has 3
0 of 4 Bellevue - Adult Fiction Fiction Martin
3 of 3 Bordeaux - Adult Fiction Fiction Martin
2 of 2 Donelson - Adult Fiction Fiction Martin
3 of 3 East - Adult Fiction Fiction Martin
1 of 1 Edgehill - Adult Fiction Fiction Martin
1 of 3 Edmondson Pike - Adult Fiction Fiction Martin
2 of 2 Goodlettsville - Adult Fiction Fiction Martin
6 of 7 Green Hills - Adult Fiction Fiction Martin
1 of 1 Hadley Park - Adult Fiction Fiction Martin
5 of 5 Hermitage - Adult Fiction Fiction Martin
3 of 3 Inglewood - Adult Fiction Fiction Martin
1 of 1 Looby - Adult Fiction Fiction Martin
3 of 3 Madison - Adult Fiction Fiction Martin
2 of 2 Main Library - Adult Fiction Fiction Martin
1 of 1 North - Adult Fiction Fiction Martin
2 of 2 Old Hickory - Adult Fiction Fiction Martin
1 of 1 Pruitt - Adult Fiction Fiction Martin
4 of 4 Richland Park - Adult Fiction Fiction Martin
2 of 2 Southeast - Adult Fiction Fiction Martin
3 of 3 Thompson Lane - Adult Fiction Fiction Martin
1 of 1 Watkins Park - Adult Fiction Fiction Martin
[2018] First edition. Bantam Books, 706 pages : illustrations ; 25 cm English
CD AUDIO Fiction Martin
Green Hills - Adult Audiobook
1 of 1 Edmondson Pike - Adult Audiobook CD AUDIO Fiction Martin
1 of 1 Green Hills - Adult Audiobook CD AUDIO Fiction Martin
1 of 1 Hermitage - Adult Audiobook CD AUDIO Fiction Martin
0 of 1 Main Library - Adult Audiobook CD AUDIO Fiction Martin
1 of 1 Richland Park - Adult Audiobook CD AUDIO Fiction Martin
1 of 1 Southeast - Adult Audiobook CD AUDIO Fiction Martin
[2018] Unabridged. Random House Audio, 21 audio discs (approximately 26 hr., 30 min.) : CD audio, digital ; 4 3/4 in. English
2018 OverDrive Random House Publishing Group English
Donelson - Adult Audiobook
Playaway Fiction Martin
Goodlettsville - Adult Audiobook
0 of 1 Bordeaux - Adult Audiobook Playaway Fiction Martin
1 of 1 Donelson - Adult Audiobook Playaway Fiction Martin
1 of 1 Goodlettsville - Adult Audiobook Playaway Fiction Martin
1 of 1 Main Library - Adult Audiobook Playaway Fiction Martin
[2018] Unabridged. Findaway World, LLC, 1 audio media player (approximately 26 hr., 30 min.) : digital, HD audio ; 3 3/8 x 2 1/8 in. English
George R. R. Martin. (2018). Fire & Blood: 300 Years Before A Game of Thrones (A Targaryen History). Unabridged Penguin Random House Audio Publishing Group.
George R. R. Martin. 2018. Fire & Blood: 300 Years Before A Game of Thrones (A Targaryen History). Penguin Random House Audio Publishing Group.
George R. R. Martin, Fire & Blood: 300 Years Before A Game of Thrones (A Targaryen History). Penguin Random House Audio Publishing Group, 2018.
George R. R. Martin. Fire & Blood: 300 Years Before A Game of Thrones (A Targaryen History). Unabridged Penguin Random House Audio Publishing Group, 2018.
Shared Digital Collection 12 0
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name: George R. R. Martin
Fire and Blood 300 Years Before A Game of Thrones (A Targaryen History)
300 Years Before A Game of Thrones (A Targaryen History)
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bioText: George R. R. Martin is the #1 New York Times bestselling author of many novels, including those of the acclaimed series A Song of Ice and Fire—A Game of Thrones, A Clash of Kings, A Storm of Swords, A Feast for Crows, and A Dance with Dragons—as well as Tuf Voyaging, Fevre Dream, The Armageddon Rag, Dying of the Light, Windhaven (with Lisa Tuttle), and Dreamsongs Volumes I and II. He is also the creator of The Lands of Ice and Fire, a collection of maps featuring original artwork from illustrator and cartographer Jonathan Roberts, and The World of Ice & Fire, with Elio M. García, Jr., and Linda Antonsson. As a writer-producer, he has worked on The Twilight Zone, Beauty and the Beast, and various feature films and pilots that were never made. He lives with the lovely Parris in Santa Fe, New Mexico.
fileAs: Vance, Simon
name: Simon Vance
The thrilling history of the Targaryens comes to life in this masterly work by the author of A Song of Ice and Fire, the inspiration for HBO's Game of Thrones.
With all the fire and fury fans have come to expect from internationally bestselling author George R. R. Martin, this is the first volume of the definitive two-part history of the Targaryens in Westeros.
Centuries before the events of A Game of Thrones, House Targaryen—the only family of dragonlords to survive the Doom of Valyria—took up residence on Dragonstone. Fire & Blood begins their tale with the legendary Aegon the Conqueror, creator of the Iron Throne, and goes on to recount the generations of Targaryens who fought to hold that iconic seat, all the way up to the civil war that nearly tore their dynasty apart.
What really happened during the Dance of the Dragons? Why was it so deadly to visit Valyria after the Doom? What were Maegor the Cruel's worst crimes? What was it like in Westeros when dragons ruled the skies? These are but a few of the questions answered in this essential chronicle, as related by a learned maester of the Citadel and featuring more than eighty all-new black-and-white illustrations by artist Doug Wheatley. Readers have glimpsed small parts of this narrative in such volumes as The World of Ice & Fire, but now, for the first time, the full tapestry of Targaryen history is revealed.
With all the scope and grandeur of Gibbon's The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Fire & Blood is the ultimate game of thrones, giving readers a whole new appreciation for the dynamic, often bloody, and always fascinating history of Westeros.
Includes a bonus PDF of illustrations from the book
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Centuries before the events of A Game of Thrones, House Targaryen—the only family of dragonlords to survive the Doom of Valyria—took up residence on Dragonstone. Fire and Blood begins their tale with the legendary Aegon the Conqueror, creator of the Iron Throne, and goes on to recount the generations of Targaryens who fought to hold that iconic seat, all the way up to the civil war that nearly tore their dynasty apart.
What really happened during the Dance of the Dragons? Why was it so deadly to visit Valyria after the Doom? What were Maegor the...


Note: This emulator is for Windows only.
The emulator can load and start the IBM 7094 operating system "IBSYS", allowing some simple commands to be executed, but more complex jobs such as the compilers do not yet work.
This image shows the main display windows of the emulator after running some sample IBSYS JCL.
Operation of the emulator is quite straightforward, all items on the form have decriptive hints/tooltips.
The emulator incorporates a scripting system which will run a small demonstration, making it very easy to see some activity straight out of the box.


Calacarey Celtic Crusader - "Kelsey"
Kelsey is a sweet, loving, acquiescent individual, who was swift to learn and always eager to please. She showed good early potential with regard to gundog training, sound, obedient and responding quickly to the whistle. She retrieved well both on land and water, was happy to carry and swam like a professional lifeguard at the tender age of eleven weeks. She sat quite happily on the decking on fireworks night, watching without any sign of fear or apprehension as the night sky lit up around us with all the accompanying noise, colour and excitement. She sailed through her Kennel Club Bronze certificate at just six months old despite never having attended a class. She's a compete poppet and as much loved by her canine companions as she is adored by us.
Sadly she has not enjoyed the most robust of health and persistent problems with her hocks have left her somewhat lame and incapacitated, however her competitive spirit was not diminished. In earlier years she was determined to reach the ball first, or indeed whatever we had cast for them to retrieve from the water. Like all my girls she was in her element in the sea or river although old age and arthritis have now really taken their toll. However she is still game to hobble alongside on our daily walks and is happy to paddle about the shallows. She has never had puppies, but was besotted with both litters in 2011, Sadie's litter in 2014 and hopefully will continue to excel in her role of indulgent maiden aunt, surrogate sitter and playmate with pups when we are graced with another litter here at Calacarey.


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While analyzing the activities and results of your marketing campaigns, you must have noticed that the Facebook Ads and Google Analytics data do not match. How is that possible for the same campaign? This might confuse any of us who do not know about these two dynamic platforms in detail.
And, if you do not know about these clearly, your marketer can dodge you with the wrong data and you would likely feel satisfied.
The data discrepancies may vary between 50-80%, which is huge. Your Facebook clicks and conversions seems to be entirely questionable after seeing the Google Analytics report for the same campaign.
Let's see where is this difference coming from.
Before that, just check with the basic requirements of both the platforms to track your campaign activities.
Are you using Google UTM tags in your Facebook Ads?
You must use Google UTM tags for tracking your Facebook Ads traffic on Google Analytics.
Make sure you accurately fill up the fields of Source and Medium while setting up the tracking.
Have you set up the Facebook conversion tracking?
Facebook Ads and Google Analytics have a completely different way of reporting the data. Therefore, you must setup the Facebook conversion tracking, even if your Google Analytics goals are set up well.
Both are important to see the different aspects and understand the trend and performance of your campaign.
Why does your Facebook Ads and Google Analytics data do not match with each other?
Facebook reports you 2 kinds of clicks- All clicks and Link clicks.
"All clicks" are literally all clicks. It means, this number includes the link clicks, and the clicks that happened for other engagement activities like Likes & Shares.
"Link clicks" are just those clicks that took people through to your website or whatever landing page you included.
So, obviously, "All clicks" is a huge number as compared to what is reported on Google Analytics report.
Facebook has a simpler system of calculating the number of clicks on a Facebook Ad. Every click on that Ad is counted. Even if the same person clicks on the Facebook Ad link twice or more, all his clicks will be counted by Facebook as individual clicks.
Meanwhile, Google Analytics works smarter here.
A Google Analytics session is counted when a user clicks on the Ad and comes on your website. If that same user again comes to your website within 30 minutes, Google Analytics count is as one session only.
In fact, if the same user comes to your website multiple times by clicking on the Ad again and again, Facebook Ad or PPC Ad, or through organic search, and if all this happens within that window of 30 minutes, it is counted as "One Session" by Google Analytics.
For this user, Facebook must have recorded all the clicks on its Ad, considering them as individual clicks.
That's the reason you see so high click numbers on Facebook Ad report and drastically low numbers on Google Analytics for the same campaign.
This is increasingly becoming difficult to track because people these days are not allowing cookies etc from new websites. This might be happening because of high privacy concerns and to avoid cyber crimes.
Well, Facebook does not require any of these to track the clicks. It simply counts it whenever someone clicks on the Ad.
Due to this difference, a lot of sessions are inaccurately recorded on Google Analytics. And, hence, the Facebook clicks show up huge numbers.
Whenever a user clicks through your Facebook Ad and reaches your website, the Google Analytics session is recorded only when it's tracking code is triggered. This trigger happens when the website is loaded fully.
If the user clicks back or goes on to some other page before your website loads, the tracking code will not get triggered, and so, the session will not get recorded.
By this time, Facebook must have already recorded a click. For Facebook, it doesn't matter if the website is loading fast and the user is actually spending time on the website. It simply counts that click.
Google Analytics prepares the report based on a sample data from the complete raw data. This means, NOT every website visit that happened due to the Facebook Ad got analysed here.
Since complete traffic coming from Facebook is not counted in Google Analytics report, the Facebook traffic number shown in its report will be different than what you'll see in the Facebook Ads Manager.
While viewing your Google Analytics report, check for the filters applied. Sometimes, you might block some features to be counted in the results.
For example, if you've blocked certain IP Addresses from showing up in the report, then you'll not see the website visits happening from those IP Addresses.
On the other hand, Facebook doesn't filter reports like this. So, clicks from anywhere will get counted.
These are few major, but not the only, reasons of the mismatch in the Facebook Ads and Google Analytics data.
When your ad is clicked within the mobile app, sometimes its UTM tracking details are detached. Because of this, the real source cannot be recorded in Google Analytics, and it shows it as 'Direct Traffic'.
If your Facebook Ad's landing page is getting redirected to some other page, then high chances are that the second page doesn't have the UTM tracking code. So, if the original landing page redirects to a new page even before triggering the UTM code, then the source won't get recorded as your Facebook Ad.
If the time zones are differently set up for your Facebook Ad account and Google Analytics account, then there can be a mismatch in the data.
If the user is coming to your landing page several times from different sources like Facebook Ad, organic search, referral or anywhere, Google Analytics will show the source for this conversion as whatever was that user's last source of reaching the landing page. On the other hand, Facebook Ads would attribute this to Facebook.
There will always be some mismatch, small and huge, between Facebook Ads and Google Analytics data. So, it's nothing to be worried about, unless you know the reasons.
This is something our clients sometimes ask and become really concerned that how can a campaign get reported so differently on two platforms.
I hope this blog post must have answered a lot of your questions related to this.


'O Abu Huraira! Teach the people the Quran and learn it, because if you died upon that; the Angels would visit your grave just as they visit the Ancient House (Ka'bah).
'Ibn al-Jawzi mentions this narration in his book 'al-Mawdoo'aat' (The Fabricated Ahadeeth) (1/264) and he said: 'Not authentic and Abu Hammam (one of the narrators) is Muhammad bin Mujeeb.
As-Sooyuti remained silent about this; but I have a more severe hatred for this wording than the first – due to what it mentions about performing Hajj to a grave - as it is an innovated statement which has no origin in the Sharia'. Also, performing Hajj to a visited thing other than the House of Allaah, the Haraam, is not mentioned in the Sharia'.
As for performing Hajj (Pilgrimage) to graves, then that is done by Ahl-ul-Bida' (the people of Bida') who aggrandize graves to extreme by journeying to them, spending nights there, performing Tawwaf around them, making Dua', begging and imploring of the graves and other similar things which are all symbols of the Hajj. Some of them even authored a book entitled 'The Rites of Making Hajj to Shrines and Graves' as a refutation of what Shaykhul-Islaam Ibn Taymeeyah mentioned in his books!!
In 'al-Musnad' (1/305) via another chain which is narrated on the authority of Abu Tufail from Ibn 'Abbas that when the Messenger of Allaah –sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam– stopped at a place not far from Makkah called 'Marra az-Zahran' on his way to Umrah, it reached the Companions of the Messenger of Allaah –sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam– that the Quraish were saying: What has caused them to come here feeble and thin?
He touched the corner and entered Tawwaaf passing by the Yemeni corner and walking to the black stone.
The Messenger -sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam- did that for three circuits and so it became the Sunnah.
Its chain is also authentic according to the conditions of Imam Muslim.
It was also narrated by al-Bayhaqi in his book 'Dala'il an-Naboowa' (3/3/1) through two routes. Muslim narrated it (4/64) by way of al-Jareeri on the authority of Abu Tufail with a similar narration and it has been researched in 'al-Irwaa' (4/315).


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