Later this year, the Air Force will fly an F-35 equipped with an existing technology now in F-16s called Air-Ground Collision Avoidance System, or AGCAS.
The system is slated to be fully operational on an F-35A as early as summer, 2019, service officials said.
Preliminary AGCAS development work has been conducted as part of ongoing F-35 development.
"AGCAS development and integration efforts were completed previously on the F-16 post-block aircraft. Lessons learned from the F-16 AGCAS effort will be applied to the F-35," Air Force spokeswoman Capt. Hope Cronin told Warrior Maven.
There can of course be a range of reasons why an aircraft might collide with the ground, one of which could simply be that a pilot winds up pulling so many "G's" that they lose consciousness, a senior Air Force weapons developer said.
The technology calculates where the aircraft is and where it would hit the ground based upon the way it is flying at the time, service officials said. If the fighter jet is flying toward a potential collision with the ground, the on-board computer system will override the flight path and pull the aircraft away from the ground.
Most of the algorithms, developed by Lockheed Martin, are continuously being refined and testing using simulation technologies.
Interestingly, results from a case study featuring test-pilot input on AGCAS details some of the ways pilots can learn to work with and "trust" the system's computer automation. This question of how pilots would rely upon the system emerged as a substantial concern, according to the research, because the system takes control away from the pilot.
"Warning systems require the user to manually respond and thus are not effective when the pilot is incapacitated or spatially disoriented, and the pilot may not always correctly recognize a warning or correctly make the terrain collision evasion maneuver," the essay writes.
In a concurrent but longer-term effort, the Air Force is now also working to develop algorithms to stop air-to-air collisions. This technology, developers explain, is much more difficult than thwarting air-to-ground collisions because is involves two fast-moving aircraft, rather one aircraft and the ground.
Envision a scenario where two or more supersonic fighter jets are conducting combat maneuvers in such close proximity, that they come less than 500-feet away from one another -- when an automatic computer system engineered into the aircraft takes over and re-directs the fighters, saving lives and averting a catastrophic collision.
This is precisely the scenario scientists at the Air Force Research Lab are hoping to make possible by the early 2020s through an ongoing effort to deploy Air Automatic Collision Avoidance System, or ACAS.
Algorithms are being specifically developed to automatically give computers flight control of an F-16, once it flies to within 500-feet or less than another aircraft, Air Force Research Laboratory developers have told Warrior Maven. The computer systems are integrated with data links, sensors and other communications technologies to divert soon-to-crash aircraft.
There have been several successful tests of the ACAS technology at Edwards Air Force Base, Calif., using F-16s.
So far, the Air Force has conducted 19 "two-ship" flights and one "three ship" flights using the system to prevent collisions, officials said.
The system is also engineered to identify and divert aircraft that are "non-cooperative," meaning not from the US Air Force, AFRL developers said; sensors are designed to work quickly to detect a flight path or approaching trajectory with the hope of thwarting a possible collision.
While this effort has been underway for quite some time, an Air National Guard mid-air collision of two F-16s in South Carolina last year underscores the service's interest in rapidly expanding promising collision avoidance technology to incorporate air-to-air crashes as well as air-to-ground incidents. Fortunately, in this instance both pilots ejected safely without injury, multiple reports and service statements said.


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One Night with the King opens this Friday
[This film was #9 at the Box Office for it's opening weekend.]
Joyce and I got to see a 25-minute preview of One Night with the King on Times Square last month.
Tommy Tenney, pictured here, wrote the book Hadassah: One Night with the King upon which the screenplay is based. Ultimately it's based on the book of Esther.
Peter O'Tool and Omar Sharif give great cameos, and John Noble (Denethor in Return of the King) plays one of the conspirators stopped by Mordechi, played masterfully by John Rhys-Davies (Gimli and Treebeard in The Lord of the Rings). But the real treat is newcomer Tiffany DuPont who brings buoyancy to the role of Esther that is just delightful. Filmed in northern India, Matt Crouch, one of the producers, said they had free reign of a palace, so nothing is a set piece, and the cinematography is breathtaking. For these reasons, and because the level of quality used to tell this story was so high, I was weeping or on the verge of it much of the time.
It opens in theatres around the nation on October 13. Mark your calendars now, and send the strongest vote for this kind of film in the future by purchasing tickets in advance for opening weekend.
The film is rated PG, for violence, some sensuality and thematic elements.
If you're in Westchester County and would like to join our church this Friday night click here.
Posted by Rich Swingle at 10/10/2006 10:28:00 PM
Courage of Heroes
How did you become interested in Eric Liddell's st...
Do you have an iPod?
Another Christian freebee
NY Times covers move of the cross
OR loves NY
How do you get to Carnegie Hall?
Sweet! It's right across the street!
Our new home

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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George Robert Crotch (Somerset, 1842 – Philadelphia, 16 juni 1874) was een Brits entomoloog.

Crotch werd geboren in Cambridge, Engeland in 1842. Hij was tijdens zijn studie aan de universiteit van Cambridge al vroeg geïnteresseerd in insecten, vooral kevers (Coleoptera). Hij werkte in de Bibliotheek van de Universiteit. Crotch verzamelde insecten in Europa, en in de herfst van 1872 verliet hij Engeland voor een entomologische wereldreis. Aangekomen in Philadelphia in de lente / zomer van 1873 begon hij met het verzamelen van insecten in Californië, Oregon, en het Fraser River gebied in British Columbia. In 1873 aanvaardde hij een positie als assistent van Louis Agassiz aan het Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology samen met Hermann August Hagen. Hij verzamelde in 1873 kevers en vlinders in Californië, Vancouver Island en Oregon. In 1874 stierf hij, 32 jaar oud, aan de gevolgen van tuberculose. Hij was een wereldautoriteit op het gebied van lieveheersbeestjes (Coccinellidae) en prachtzwamkevers (Erotylidae).

Werken
Crotch was de auteur van een aantal boeken, waaronder:
 Checklist of the Coleoptera of America (1873)
 A revision of the Coleopterous family Coccinellidae (1874).

Zijn kevercollectie uit de Azoren is opgenomen in het British Museum in Londen,
en zijn Europese Coleoptera, Erotylidae en Coccinellidae werden nagelaten aan het Cambridge University Museum of Zoology.

Brits entomoloog

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Home Dr. Vanessa Perry Receives Prestigious Marketing Award
Dr. Vanessa Perry Receives Prestigious Marketing Award
Vanessa Perry, associate dean for faculty and research and professor of marketing, strategic management and public policy, has been named as the American Marketing Association (AMA) Foundation's 2020 Williams-Qualls-Spratlen (WQS) Multicultural Mentoring Award of Excellence recipient.
"I cannot imagine anyone more deserving of this award than Dr. Perry. This is fitting recognition of her outstanding contributions to her field from its most prestigious academic-professional association," Dean Anuj Mehrotra said. "This is a great honor for Dr. Perry — and for GWSB!"
The WQS Award is presented annually to a marketing professor who has made significant research and teaching contributions as a mentor to students and professors of color from underrepresented groups in the field of marketing, particularly, those who are African American, Hispanic and Native American. The purpose of the WQS Award is to encourage and reward outstanding mentors of people of color in the academic marketing community.
The AMA Foundation received many letters of recommendation nominating Dr. Perry for the award, including one from a former student who is now a professor at Howard University:
"[Dr. Perry] taught me about the idiosyncrasies of the career, helped me navigate the process of finding a new advisor when mine left, offered positive affirmations when I didn't feel that I deserved to be in a PhD program, and was among the first people to congratulate me when I defended my dissertation.
"In addition to being a dedicated mentor, Vanessa is a consummate scholar. She has authored more than 1400 citations in some of the field's top journals including the Journal of Business Research, the Journal of Public Policy and Marketing, and California Management Review.
"Needless to say, Vanessa is a pillar in the marketing field. She is a woman of high integrity, has published in leading journals, and is committed to mentoring students and young professors of color. With that said, I do not hesitate to recommend Vanessa for the WQS award; I cannot think of anyone more deserving of this award."
In reviewing Dr. Perry's nomination, members of the AMA Foundation's award selection committee commented, "Dr. Perry has clearly been a pillar in serving young scholars and has built a legacy as a mentor of many mentors (a few of which are in this line-up for the WQS this year)" and "I think Dr. Perry's packet shows a level of depth and consistency in mentoring diverse scholars in ways that the others have yet to achieve."
Dr. Perry will formally receive the WQS Award at the 2020 AMA Summer Academic Conference in August.


Food for thought. What are you reading this summer? My current list below with 20 more books waiting on the shelf.
I picked this book up last summer, but haven't had the chance to read it. I'm about 1/2 way through it at the moment and it is fabulous. Whether you're going through career transition or a job change, read this book! I picked it up last summer to help me ramp up a new leader joining our team. She had already read The First 90 Days prior to getting the job and relied on it as she prepped for her first 90 days on our team. It's a great read, and I should have read it last year!
This is a great book on how teams work in an organization. Every company has a culture and every tribe (team) in that company has its own culture. To be successful as a leader, the tribe has to accept you. Otherwise, you fail. I'm about 1/2 way through this book, and it's a great read so far.
Haven't started this book yet. It comes highly recommended from several friends Ben Forrest, thoughts on Chip and Dan Heath, and Kraig McNutt.


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Business Internet Service in Shawnee Mission, KS
Business Internet>
Kansas>
Shawnee Mission
It's at or near the top of the list in terms of what any Shawnee Mission, KS business needs to have any sort of success in this day and age – fast, reliable internet service. That's the case whether or not a company's primary method of conducting business is via the internet, as internet access is also vital for communication, both among employees and with customers. Employees can talk to each other instantly using the internet. Customers can go online to send messages to a business at any time. While a business can also have phone support available for its customers, there needs to be an employee available to man the phones, so that may not be option for weekends and late hours. Compare Shawnee Mission, KS business internet service options below.
Various Types of Business ISPs in Shawnee Mission, KS
One constant when it comes to the internet and technology is change, and there has been huge growth in the available internet options over the last two decades. That growth continues every year, and currently, types of internet include cable, DSL, fiber optic, T1, satellite and fixed wireless. It's crucial for a business to assess its options, especially if it has been using the same internet service for a long time, as there could be a great upgrade available. While certain types of internet provide excellent efficiency, it's important to keep in mind that they can also have a limited distribution network. For that reason, a business needs to look into the options available in Shawnee Mission, KS before deciding on a type of internet.
A business can usually get much more than just internet service through an ISP, as ISPs provide multiple services and offer these together as bundle packages. A full package typically includes email accounts, business web hosting and business phone service, and it's smart to get these together, because bundle packages cost much less than buying the individual services separately. Business ISPs in Shawnee Mission, KS also often have full service packages available with their internet, which means the provider handles service and support for the business. This is another way that the business can lower its costs, because it gets to use the ISP's experts instead of hiring and paying its own.
Consultative services are an important part of a full service package. This type of service is when one of the ISP's experts goes on-site to the business and takes a look at its current setup to figure out its specific needs, including its bandwidth needs, based on how many employees it has at the office and the number of devices in use at peak hours. While there, the expert can also provide recommendations on ways for the business to get better efficiency, such as making upgrades to its older technology, and point out new features and options it has available, such as managing devices at the office remotely.
Look at These Factors When Selecting Business Internet Service in Shawnee Mission, KS
It's crucial that Shawnee Mission, KS businesses choose an internet service plan that meets their speed requirements not just for the present, but also for the future. If data uploads and downloads take hours because a business chose a slower speed to save money, the business won't be saving money in the long run. Those slow speeds are going to reduce employee productivity and present an unprofessional image to clients. To avoid this issue, businesses must purchase a plan that keeps it operating smoothly at peak hours and as it grows larger in the future.
Closely related to speed are bandwidth caps and throttling, which are two things businesses should ask about before deciding on a service plan. Specifically, the business should ask the ISP if it limits download rates during specific time periods, and if there is anything else that can cause speed limitations. It's also wise to read the fine print before signing a service contract, as there may be limitations mentioned there.
Cyber security is a must for any Shawnee Mission, KS business, and reputable ISPs will offer protection from malware, spam, viruses and spyware. Key security points to consider are the level of protection the ISP offers, if that protection covers mobile devices on the system and what type of backup options the ISP has. If there's a system crash, it's imperative that a business can get up and running again with minimal downtime.
Selecting the Right Plan for Business Internet in Shawnee Mission, KS
Every ISP has customer service and support available, but that likely won't be enough for businesses that are relying on the internet for their operations. That's why those Shawnee Mission, KS businesses need to choose ISPs that have Service Level Agreements.
A Service Level Agreement is a guarantee on the ISP's part to provide a set amount of guaranteed uptime, and to offer a remedy to the business if it doesn't meet that guarantee. Typically, a remedy will be a bill credit. Equally important is the ISP's phone support, including whether or not it has a dedicated phone support line for its business customers and the skill level of its tech personnel.
To view and compare plans in Shawnee Mission, KS, enter your business ZIP code into MyRatePlan. There may be some new plan options available offering better performance for a lower monthly fee. It's good to check regularly so businesses can make sure they're getting what they deserve.
Uptime and Reliability for Business Internet Service in Shawnee Mission, KS
Depending on the area, a business may have plenty of internet service options available, or only a select few. Even if there aren't many providers servicing an area, business owners should still analyze all their options to see which one offers the most for their monthly fee. A quality ISP also needs to be prepared to make changes as the internet changes.
For example, one major change occurring with the internet is IPv6, the in-development internet protocol that will replace IPv4. IPv6 is taking the place of IPv4 because it boasts an unlimited amount of IP addresses, which means that there will be even more devices with internet capability than ever. When these devices have their own unique IP addresses, internet configuration becomes a simpler task, and the cost of connecting to the internet drops. Business owners in Shawnee Mission, KS should keep issues like this in mind during the process of shopping for internet service. Sometimes all it takes is a single inquiry to significantly cut costs and boost efficiency.
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New Hampshire Charitable Foundation President Richard Ober. (Photo by Cheryl Senter.)
First in the nation is not always a good thing
If we are to meet the real challenges ahead, we must be as clear about where we fall short as where we succeed
By Richard Ober, President and CEO | April 1, 2013
First in the nation is not always a good thing.
Take drinking and drugs, for example. A third of New Hampshire residents between the ages of 12 and 20 have used alcohol in the past 30 days. That makes our state #1. We're #2 in kids smoking pot and #3 in binge drinking.
And it's not just youthful mistakes. Excessive drinking among adults cost the state $1.15 billion in 2011. Business bears the brunt of that waste through absenteeism and poor performance. Taxpayers pick up the rest, usually after it gets very expensive. Fully 85 percent of state prison inmates have drug or alcohol problems or both. Drug-related deaths have quadrupled since 1995. Some employers can't fill jobs because otherwise qualified candidates can't pass the drug test.
Addiction drives our toughest problems. Larceny. Domestic violence. Homelessness. Underemployment. Co-occurring mental illness. Child neglect. "This is our biggest problem of the day," Attorney General Michael Delaney told reporters in February. "Alcohol flows like a river through my courtroom," said Judge Ned Gordon.
Where we lead in the problem, we trail in answers: Only 4 percent of our neighbors who suffer from addiction get help. Imagine a figure like that for cancer or diabetes. Addiction is not a lifestyle choice or a moral failing; it is a chronic disease. And only Texans are less likely to get treated for it than Granite Staters. Forty-eight states do better than we do.
I cite these stats a lot, and the reaction is often the same, even among long-time state leaders. "Really? Are you sure?"
Yes, we are sure. And we are doing something about it.
Guided by our vision for New Hampshire and fueled by a generous donor, the New Hampshire Charitable Foundation is leading a statewide strategy to reduce addiction and the havoc it creates. "Collective Action, Collective Impact" is a five-year plan created by the Governor's Commission on Alcohol and Drug Abuse Prevention, Intervention and Treatment. That commission is chaired by Tym Rourke of our staff, who oversees $2.5 million annually in related grantmaking at the Foundation from a family of funds established by Dorothy and Oliver Hubbard.
This work demonstrates the Foundation's core strengths:
Treatment helps address the fierce urgency of today and prevention will reduce the problem tomorrow.
We act statewide and locally through regional prevention networks and an ecosystem of collaborators committed to the same goals.
We lever our philanthropic capital through collaboration, public policy and innovation. In the past three years, your Foundation has helped bring $21 million in federal and national foundation support to New Hampshire communities.
We bring a wealth of knowledge, thanks to Tym's leadership and the Foundation's two largest grantees — New Futures and the New Hampshire Center for Excellence.
We collaborate through a network of nonprofits, public agencies and everyday citizens across the state.
Our Foundation is making focused and long-term investments like this in other areas as well. We are supporting young children and entrepreneurs in the North Country; preparing talented New Hampshire students for 21st century careers by funding scholarships in science, technology, engineering and math; giving voice to low-income residents; exposing more kids to environmental education; and helping nonprofits get more from high-end volunteers.
Focused strategic initiatives like these are only one way the Foundation inspires greater giving and builds stronger communities. Every day we connect donors with effective organizations in the fields they care about. In 2012 we awarded more than 3,000 grants for a near-record $28 million. We funded operations, collaborations and new ideas and innovation wherever we found them. Scholarships went to 1,700 students, making this Foundation the largest provider of unrestricted student aid in the state.
There are plenty of numbers New Hampshire should celebrate — having the first all-female congressional delegation and being the best state to raise children come to mind. But if we are to meet the real challenges ahead, we must be as clear about where we fall short as where we succeed. Being first is fine, as long as it is in solutions and not problems. That's where innovation comes in. That's where collaboration wins. And that's where our vision and commitment to community are taking us.
This article originally appeared in the 2013 Spring/Summer Purpose Newsletter.
Onward: Ober's View, Substance Use Disorders Portfolio
Foundation statement on state budget
A state budget is a statement of community values, and we believe that elements of this budget and trailer bill run contrary to the values of free speech, democratic representation and equality of opportunity.
How's our civic health?
The latest NH Civic Health Index from the Carsey School of Public Policy at the University of New Hampshire shows that the state does well by some measures — and it also raises some critical questions.
State budget is a reflection of New Hampshire's values and priorities
New Hampshire's budget carries profound implications for almost every aspect of community well-being. We urge Senators to listen to the voices of nonprofit leaders and advocates, prevent loss of federal funds to New Hampshire, support responsible funding for health, human services and education and reject the language of HB 544.
Immigrants bring enormous value to New Hampshire
New Americans are putting their skills and assets to work in thousands of ways for New Hampshire communities. They deserve to be kindly welcomed.
In a moment of great peril, inspiration to 'lift our gaze'
If we can keep our republic together, Amanda Gorman's inaugural poem "The Hill We Climb" will join the pantheon of the most important words spoken in its name.
Statement on proposed state legislation regulating diversity training
The future of our state, our shared prosperity and well-being, depend on all people being fully welcomed and valued, able to reach their potential and to help sustain their communities. The passage of this bill would detract from, not contribute to, our shared well-being and prosperity.
'We are not all in the same boat'
When the realities of the COVID-19 pandemic and accompanying economic fallout hit our communities, not a single person was unaffected. But some of us were much worse off than others.
Everywhere we look, we see people stepping up
To all who are doing the work and all who are providing the fuel and the hope to make it possible: We will never forget your passion. Your commitment. Your advocacy for those who needed you.
Announcing the Community Crisis Action Fund
Fund will support critical work being done in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Person-to-person philanthropy
More than 400 New Hampshire people and families have set up scholarship funds at the New Hampshire Charitable Foundation to help other New Hampshire people get the education they need.
Foundation president Richard Ober on a school funding hearing at the Statehouse that proved a reminder of the value of New Hampshire's distinctive, sometimes rambunctious, strikingly open contribution to the American experiment called 'democracy'
Civic matters
New Hampshire Charitable Foundation president Dick Ober on work in New Hampshire communities that engages, informs, welcomes and brings people together


text:
Sign in personal account
Hotline toll-free in Russia
Struve_Rating Project
April 19, thursday
April 20, Friday
April 21, Saturday
Lection program
Сonditions of participation
Forum Area
Forum operator
Arсhive
PEF-2010
Forum materials
Photoreports
The 8th Perm Forum, entitled "Person. Society. Nation", came to a close on April 21st
1970 participants from 53 cities in Russia and 11 countries around the world registered for the forum. More than 150 journalists reported on 29 of the program's sessions and discussions.
The basic concept behind the forum was two vectors: one of which charted the process of returning some of the powers held by the federal authorities to the regions, business and society, while the other was concerned with the quality of human capital, which affects the social sustainability and effectiveness of the government.
On April 19th, the members of the group dedicated to developing an "Open Government" system, headed by Counsellor to the President of the Russian Federation Mikhail Abyzov, presented the results of their work and held discussions in the forum's six working groups.
The moderator of the first day of the forum, Sergey Aleksashenko, Director of Macroeconomic Research at the National Research University Higher School of Economics emphasized the importance of the emergence of an institution that is "prepared to cooperate with a wide-range of experts, and to create channels for feedback, which have been noticeably lacking". The expert emphasized that "the "Open Government" concept represents a chance for society to have greater influence on the authorities. If we don't believe in this chance, we may miss it".
The mechanisms and instruments for that system developed during the course of the discussion will be presented to the "Open Government" working group for consideration.
The second day of the forum was entitled "Human and Social Capital", and Alexander Auzan, the President of the Social Contract National Project Institute served as moderator. Auzan identified three key results that those mechanisms must reach: "the elite must agree upon rules for everyone, and not exceptions for themselves", "non-governmental, civil and commercial organizations must outlive their creators", and "control over military and law enforcement agencies must be collective, not selective".
The experts of the "Environment", "Media", "Politics and Civil Activism", "Economic Reform and Entrepreneurship", "Education" and "Culture" working groups worked out a long-term agenda for the development of Russia and the transition to an "open access" model.
The experts were invited to facilitate further discussion of the results of the April 20th discussion in the media.
The program for the third day was dedicated to discussing the future evolution of the Perm Region. As part of the Perm 3.0 conference, the experts discussed this wide-ranging territorial development project aimed at capitalizing humanitarian innovations.
The moderator of the forum for April 21st, Alexander Pochinok, said that the event had been extremely valuable, and had given people an opportunity to "think and find solution". "I would very much like for this forum not to end, and for all of us to understand that we must do everything possible to spend the year until the next one thinking, acting, and getting the result we can. After all, we already understand what to do", said the member of the Federation Council from the Perm Region.
In addition to the main forum program, 25 lectures by its speakers were held at Perm's institutions of higher learning. More specifically, they were held at the Perm State Pedagogical University, the Perm State Scientific Research University, the Perm State Pharmacological Academy, and many more. Gleb Pavlovsky, the president of the Foundation for Effective Politics, journalist Irina Yasina, Greg Williams, the Executive Editor of Wired magazine, Alexey Sitnikov, the Director of Administration and Development at the Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology and twenty more lecturers spoke to a total audience of almost 2,000 students. The subjects of their lectures included architecture, journalism, social policy, digital communities, macroeconomics and many more in the context of the overall project of the "Person. Society. Nation" forum.
At the conclusion of the three-day program, the Governor of the Perm Region, Oleg Chirkunov, proposed reporting the results of the work of the discussion groups in the national and regional presses, and shared his optimistic views on the future of the forum. "I truly believe that the Perm Forum and the Perm Region has a great future. We have already done a great deal, and now we simply need to go further; each of us has to accomplish their goals step by step. I would like to thank you for your work and I sincerely hope that all of us will be optimists".
Video recording of the discussions and the speakers presentations, as well as photographs from the forum will soon be available on the website, www.permforum.ru, in the "Wrap-up" section.
The Government of Perm Region
LUKOIL Group Companies
in the Perm Region
Consulting company IRP Group
Forum communication
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General media partner
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General internet partner
Forum online newspaper
Regional partner of the project
Multimedia partner
© The Government of Perm Region


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Home News Israel Gal Gadot and Israel's president scold Netanyahu for saying country 'is not...
Gal Gadot and Israel's president scold Netanyahu for saying country 'is not a state of all its citizens'
Gal Gadot. Wikimedia Commons.
Israeli President Reuven Rivlin and actress Gal Gadot are among those who have admonished prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu for writing on social media that "Israel is not a state of all its citizens."
On Monday, Rivlin offered an implicit but biting rebuke to Netanyahu saying "There are no, and there will be no, second-class citizens" in Israel. Speaking at a conference on Israeli-Egyptian peace, he called out "entirely unacceptable remarks about the Arab citizens of Israel" without mentioning Netanyahu by name.
The day before, Netanyahu had said in a post that "Israel is not a state of all its citizens. According to the nation-state law we passed, Israel is the nation-state of the Jewish people — and not anyone else."
The prime minister was responding to a post on Saturday by model and actor Rotem Sela, who wrote on Instagram, "Dear God, there are also Arab citizens in this country. When the hell will someone in this government convey to the public that Israel is a state of all its citizens and that all people were created equal, and that even the Arabs and the Druze and the LGBTs and — shock — the leftists are human."
Apparently siding with Sela, Rivlin said: "Those who believe that the State of Israel must be Jewish and democratic in the full sense of the word must remember that the State of Israel has complete equality of rights for all its citizens."
Gadot also supported her friend Sela's message, writing in part: "Love your neighbour as yourself … The responsibility to sow hope and light for a better future for our children is on us. Rotem, sister, you are the inspiration for us all."
Sen. Brian Schatz, a Hawaii Democrat who is Jewish, called Netanyahu's words "morally repugnant and diplomatically unwise."
Rotem Sela
Trump and Netanyahu talk Iran
Hamas threatens revenge after member killed at border by Israeli soldiers
Netanyahu meets with head of Ukrainian party that includes neo-Nazis


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Medical Theses
18756_psicopatologia_13_3:18756_sfk
18756_Psicopatologia_13_3:18756_sfk 6/2/09 15:12 P gina 219 Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica Vol. 13, N.º 3, pp. 219-228, 2008 de Psicología Clínica y Psicopatología NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL EVALUATION AND COGNITIVE EVOLUTION Facultad de Psicología,Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid Abstract: We present the case of a university-educated bilingual (Italian-Spanish) Alzheimer patient
aged 61. After a neuropsychological assessment carried out at the Applied Psychology Service of
the Faculty of Psychology at the Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), an in-
dividualized integral cognitive stimulation program was started that lasted three years. The interest
of this case lies in the fact that the progress of this patient in the two languages was followed through
a series of cognitive tasks (mainly linguistic and categorization). The results show that, as the ill-
ness develops, the patient cannot separate both languages and interferences appear. His first language
remains intact for a longer period of time, as studies of this type have shown.
Keywords: Alzheimer's disease, neuropsychological assessment, bilingualism, semantic knowledge.
Evaluación neuropsicológica y evolución cognitiva de un enfermo de Alzheimer bilingüe Resumen: Presentamos el caso de un paciente de Alzheimer bilingüe (italiano-español) de 61 años
con estudios universitarios. Tras la evaluación neuropsicológica realizada en el Servicio de Psico-
logía Aplicada (SPA) de la Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), se inició un
programa de estimulación cognitiva individualizada que duró tres años. El interés de este caso ra-
dica en el hecho de que la evolución del paciente en las dos lenguas fue seguida a través de una se-
rie de tareas cognitivas (principalmente lingüísticas y de categorización). Los resultados muestran
que, según avanza la enfermedad, el paciente no puede separar ambas lenguas y ocurren las inter-
ferencias. Su primera lengua se conserva durante un mayor periodo de tiempo, como los estudios
de este tipo han mostrado.
Palabras clave: Demencia tipo Alzheimer, evaluación neuropsicológica, bilingüismo, conocimiento
semántico.
namics of neurotransmission when faced withadverse conditions, even in old age. This ca- The scientific basis of non-pharmacological pacity has been demonstrated in cases of de- intervention was summarized, albeit metaphor- mentia, although with lower intensity (Kavira- ically, by Santiago Ramón y Cajal, who said jan and Olazarán, 2005; Orrell, 2003). Therefore, that we are all capable of being the sculptor of it seems logical to think that cognitive stimula- our own brain. This idea is included in the term tion can favour cerebral plasticity and thus main- «neuroplasticity» proposed by Geschwind and tain, if not recover, the cognitive functions which Nottebohm (1985), who referred to the brain's have been preserved. An intervention programme capacity to adapt, regulate, and remodel the dy- should not only promote greater cognitive func-tion, which allows the patient more autonomy fora longer period of time, but it should also improve Recibido 5 December 2007; accepted 4 July 2008 the patient's self-esteem and feeling of worth.
Correspondencia: Carmen Díaz, UNED, Facultad de Psico- The study of bilingual individuals with cere- logía, Dpto. Psicología Básica I, Juan del Rosal, 10, 28040 bral lesions and the importance of these lesions in the organization of language have been the Agradecimientos: Este trabajo ha sido posible por la inesti- focus of research during recent years, although mable colaboración de F.P. y su familia. Financiado en partepor los proyectos de invstigación del MEC, SEJ 2004-04233 this area was already being examined during the first half of the 19th century (Lorch, 2007).
18756_Psicopatologia_13_3:18756_sfk 6/2/09 15:12 P gina 220 Few studies examine the linguistic-cognitive er tasks. However, what is not known is exact- function in bilingual Alzheimer's patients in terms ly why this occurs, although three different the- of disease progression and the intervention to ories exist. One alludes to a greater semantic be adopted. In one of the few studies of this type, overlap (i.e. the shared semantic features of cog- De Vreese, Motta, and Toschi (1988) conclude nate words), another defends the existence of that, in patients suffering from dementia, the only one lexical entry shared by both languages, comprehension and production of the mother and the third attributes it to a phonological over- tongue is preserved longer than the comprehen- sion and production of a second or third lan- The production of speech in bilingual sub- guage, but that cognitive stimulation programmes jects is generally studied through different lan- should be carried out in both languages.
guage tasks and tasks of linguistic interference In the production of speech, a bilingual sub- between drawings and words. The variables that ject uses at least two types of processes and are usually measured are correct answers/errors mechanisms: attentional and linguistic. The at- tentional mechanism deals with the control that In the present study, which was carried out the bilingual subject needs to have in order to in the context of a non-specific cognitive in- speak in the language required by the commu- tervention programme, we addressed a wide nicative exchange at a given time, without al- series of cognitive processes in the framework lowing the second language to surface or inter- of language interventions, with special em- fere. It is therefore assumed that bilingual subjects phasis on the lexical-semantic level, because have greater cognitive flexibility than monolin- one of the key questions in the linguistic and gual subjects due to the fact that they regularly cognitive area of knowledge of bilingual sub- change the language they express themselves in.
jects is whether their conceptual representa- This has brought about the idea that the process- tions are shared between the two languages. In es involved in the control of execution are more order to answer this question, we designed clas- developed in bilingual subjects than in mono- sification and categorization tasks to verify lingual subjects. Therefore, in old age, when whether the results were the same in both lan- these processes tend to relax and, consequently, guages, regardless of the language in which the have less control of inhibition, the bilingual sub- ject will, to a certain extent, be protected against Given the results of the study by De Vreese a possible impairment in executive control (Byal- et al. (1988), we expected the patient to main- istock, Craik, Klein, and Viswanathan, 2004).
tain linguistic competence in the first language The linguistic processes involved have phono- for longer than the second, which is the one gen- logical, lexical, syntactic, and semantic compo- erally used by the patient, even if more intensive nents. The importance of bilingualism as a fac- stimulation in Spanish (second language) can tor that helps to stabilize cognitive functioning reduce the rate at which it is lost. This study is was recently analysed by Byalistock, Craik, and observational and descriptive, although a large Freedman (2007), who suggest that bilingual- number of semi-experimental tasks and neu- ism could help to delay the symptoms of de- Methodological difficulties arise when mak- The variables involved in bilingual speech ing inferences from the data of only one sub- production include the similarity between the ject. Other authors (Crawford, Garthwaite, Az- languages and the degree of bilingualism that zalini, Howell and Laws, 2006) recently analysed comes from the level of competence in the sec- these difficulties and offered methodological ond language, depending on when it was learnt.
solutions, although always with a significantly In the first case, it appears that cognate (simi- large control group. In our case—a bilingual lar or even identical) rather than non-cognate Alzheimer's patient—obtaining a control group words e.g. ¨gallina¨ in Spanish and ¨gallina¨ in Italian, facilitate lexical access. This is seen in The aims of this study were to evaluate the de- the minor errors that occur in naming and oth- velopment of the subject's two languages whilst Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica 2008, Vol. 13 (3), 219-228 Asociación Española de Psicología Clínica y Psicopatología 18756_Psicopatologia_13_3:18756_sfk 6/2/09 15:12 P gina 221 Neuropsychological evaluation and cognitive evolution of a bilingual alzheimer patient his illness progressed, and to monitor the course mild AD at the Hospital Clínico, Madrid. He of the semantic-conceptual knowledge of the sub- took part in the hospital's AD immunization ject in relation to the decline in both languages.
project from November 2001 until March 2002,when the project was suspended. During thisperiod, he received no treatment whatsoever.
The main problems reported by the patient andhis wife, from diagnosis until suspension of the immunization project, were difficulties withlearning, recent episodic memory, written and The patient was a right-handed male aged 61 verbal comprehension, arithmetic calculation, years old at baseline. He was diagnosed with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) in October The patient is Italian, but, since he was a 2001 at the Neurological Department, Hospital teenager he has lived in Spain, where he obtained a diploma in law and a degree in economics. Hewas the sales manager of an international com-pany and when his condition was diagnosed he was not working. His two children live at home.
He has not experienced behavioural changes and The patient suffered a reactive depression af- has shown himself to be enthusiastic, sociable, ter a conflictive labour situation in 1995 and, and optimistic from as early as his first inter- consequently, stopped work. He visited his doc- view. He uses Spanish in his daily life with fam- tor in 1997 because he had experienced episodes ily, neighbours, and friends, but uses Italian when of forgetfulness. His wife reported that the real he speaks to his mother (who lives in Madrid), cognitive difficulties began in 1999, since from this point he had episodes of forgetfulness on a The patient came to the Applied Psychology daily basis, took little part in conversations, and Service (APS) of the Faculty of Psychology at the repeated himself. In July 2001, he underwent UNED in March 2002 to start a psychological in- complementary neurological tests as a result of tervention programme and he provided the fol- the information obtained during the first inter- lowing information (see Table 1, Figure 1, and view. In October 2001 he was diagnosed with Table 1. Information provided by the patient Year 2000:Neuropsychological Tests:— March: in the Barcelona test (Peña Casanova, 1990), his scores fell within the normal range except for deferred text memory and direct and inverse series.
— September: Mini Mental State Examination (MEC) (Lobo, Ezquerra, Gómez, Sala, and Seva, 1979) = 29/35.
Year 2001:Neuropsychological Tests:— June: MEC = 26/35, which suggested that the patient was suffering from possible incipient cognitive deterioration (Reis- Brain imaging results:— July: ventricular dilatation in the MRI. SPECT revealed asymmetrical lack of activity in several areas of the cerebral cortex in both hemispheres. Less uptake in nuclei at the base of the right hemisphere than on the contralateral side (seeFig. 1).
— September: SPECT revealed hypoperfusion on both temporal-parietal lobes and, albeit with less intensity, on the frontal lobes. More evident on the right hemisphere. According to the report, these data are indicative of AD (see Fig. 2).
Asociación Española de Psicología Clínica y Psicopatología Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica 2008, Vol. 13 (3), 219-228 18756_Psicopatologia_13_3:18756_sfk 11/2/09 20:51 Página 222 In May 2002, the patient began treatment with Reminyl (4 mg) (galantamine), and his dose wasincreased by the Memory Unit of the GeriatricsService, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, to12 mg in September 2002. In February 2004,he continued with the prescribed pharmacolog-ical treatment, Reminyl, at the same dose and be-gan to take Axura (memantine). He also startedtreatment with a vitamin complex, Auxina E mentioned data were collected, a complete neu- 400, an anti-platelet drug to prevent cardiovas- ropsychological assessment was made over four cular diseases, Adiro 100, Ginko Bilova and In the first session, the following areas were evaluated: general cognitive state, state of mind,level of dependence in daily activities, and abil- ity to carry out tasks. In the second session,executive function and attentional capacity, The patient was an irregular attender at group episodic and semantic memory, praxic capac- sessions of the Alzheimer's Relatives Association ity, and level of dementia were tested (see Ta- (AFAL) in Madrid. Since January 2004, he has bles 2 and 3). The third and fourth sessions been taking fortnightly sessions of psychomotricity were dedicated exclusively to the evaluation exercises with a therapist geared towards reality of the production and comprehension of Span- orientation in his home. Since February 2005, he has been attending twice-weekly physical activi- Throughout the tests, the patient was happy ty group sessions coordinated by a therapist. with his performance and showed neither anx-iety nor frustration. At all times, he was collab-orative, empathetic, and totally willing to carry out the tests. He does not seem to have beenaware of his difficulties. In these sessions, there After the semistructured interview with the was no inter-language interference or contam- patient and his wife, during which the above- ination: he was completely able to keep both Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica 2008, Vol. 13 (3), 219-228 Asociación Española de Psicología Clínica y Psicopatología 18756_Psicopatologia_13_3:18756_sfk 6/2/09 15:12 P gina 223 Neuropsychological evaluation and cognitive evolution of a bilingual alzheimer patient Table 2. Results of the neuropsychological assessment in the first and second session evaluation — Mini Mental State Examination (MEC) (Lobo, Ezquer- Scores under 26/27 = cognitive deterioration.
— Clock Drawing Test (on order) (Cacho, García-García, Arcaya, Vicente, and Lantada, 1999).
Scores between 0 and 6 = cognitive deterioration.
— Information-Memory-Concentration-Test (Blessed, Tom- — Depression scale (GDS) (shortened version) (Yesavage — Blessed Dementia Rating Scale (Blessed, Tomlinson, Scores above 4 points = probable deterioration.
— Informer Test (shortened version) (Jorm and Korten, 1988) Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Eld-erly (IQCODE), Spanish version (Morales et al. 1992) — Stroop Test (Stroop, 1935) (45 seconds per card). Scores above 57 = probable cognitive deterioration.
1st card, W = 74; 2nd card, C = 34; 3rd card, WC = 12.
Errors = 0. Interference: –8.9. The means for the Spanishpopulation are: W = 113; C = 71; WC = 43. Interference = 1.73.
— Trail Making Test (CTMT) (Reitan, 1958). Version A: Time: 1' 40»Version B: He did not understand the test. The test was sus-pended.
— Barcelona Test (Peña-Casanova, 1990): (subtests were Subtests in which the patient's performance was below the selected according to the cognitive function to be eval- 30th percentile (probable deterioration) are shown below in — The Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) (Reisberg, Fer- Level 4-(5) Stage = moderate cognitive deterioration (Scale: — Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) (Hughes et al. 1982).
Level 1 = mild dementia (Scale: 0 to 3).
Table 3. Subtests of the Barcelona Test with points languages separate, made decisions easily, and The results of the neuropsychological tests supported the diagnosis of probable AD ac- cording to the criteria of the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and the Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders al. 1984). Similarly, the results of the neuropsy- chological evaluation lead us to believe that the patient was in the early stages of the disease.
Reciprocal coordinationSuperimposed images The most important results were as follows: 1. Memory and learning and executive func- tion. The patient had difficulties with temporal orientation—he responded correctly to 2 of the 5 items in the temporal orientation section of the MEC (Lobo, Ezquerra, Gómez, Sala, and Asociación Española de Psicología Clínica y Psicopatología Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica 2008, Vol. 13 (3), 219-228 18756_Psicopatologia_13_3:18756_sfk 6/2/09 15:12 P gina 224 Seva, 1979) and to 3 of the 6 items from the In- (ashtray). This was corroborated by the naming formation-Memory-Concentration test (IMC) tests. In the Barcelona test, the subject lies in the (Blessed, Tomlinson, and Roth, 1968). In learn- lowest zone of the profile: he correctly named ing and episodic memory of immediate and de- 92% of the items both in Spanish and in Italian.
ferred facts, the subject responded correctly to In the Semantic Memory Evaluation Battery 1 of the 3 items in the MEC, 0 of 1 item in the (EMSDA) (Peraita, González Labra, Sánchez IMC, and 7 of 23 in immediate recall of texts, Bernardos and Galeote, 2000), he correctly named 5 of 23 in recall of texts with questions, and 6 88% of the items in Spanish and 97% of the items of 23 from the Barcelona Test in deferred mem- in Italian. The results of the tests of reading ory with and without questions (see Table 3).
logatomes, words, and text were normal in both Difficulties in learning and recall were con- languages (all answers correct). The production of firmed by the patient's wife's responses to the In- written language as evaluated by dictation tests formant Test (Jorm and Korten, 1988). He made was unaltered (all answers correct). In oral com- mistakes concerning historical events (2 of 4 prehension analysed using the Barcelona sub- correct answers in the IMC). The Ribot phe- tests—pointing out pictures and parts of the body nomenon—memories are lost inversely to when and comprehension of verbal orders—his result they are acquired, that is, the memories that are was within the normal range (all answers correct).
closest in time disappear first, and more remote Alteration of written comprehension was verified memories (such as memories from childhood) using the subtests of the Barcelona test on com- take longer to disappear—was also observed prehension of written orders (he scored 6 out of throughout the evaluation. As far as operative 12 in Spanish and 7 out of 12 in Italian) and com- memory was concerned, the patient's perform- prehension of phrases and texts (he scored 6 out ance was below normal and his ability to initi- of 8 in Spanish and 7 out of 8 in Italian). ate behaviours, plan and sequence actions, andinhibit inappropriate or interfering behaviour 3. Motor function. The patient found it dif- was altered (see Table 2, points awarded in the ficult to carry out movements (apraxia) both Stroop and Trail Making tests). In the Clock unimanually and bimanually. In the subtest im- Drawing Test, he scored 3 out of 10: this indi- itating right postures, he scored 9 out of 10 (30th cates not only difficulties in executive function, percentile), and in the imitation of bilateral pos- but also difficulties in semantic and episodic tures he scored 6 out of 8 (below the 10th per- memory, attention, and capacity for abstraction. centile). In the subtest arbitrary right sequencesand in reciprocal coordination, he scored 4 out 2. Language.: The production of spontaneous of 8, but his graphic execution was normal in oral language was evaluated in Spanish and Ital- ian using three subtests of the Barcelona test (Peña-Casanova, 1990): conversation-narration, thematic 4. Perception, attention, and capacity for narration, and description. The patient maintained abstraction. The patient experienced perceptive phonological and syntactic components in both discrimination and attention difficulties in sev- languages. At the lexical level, he produced cir- eral areas of the Barcelona test: discrimination cumlocutions, confabulations, and repetitions, of superimposed images (he scored 16 out of which were confirmed mainly by the thematic 20), face matching (he scored 3 out of 6), and al- narration test. The joint evaluation of the above terations in attention capacity and in capacity tests means that the information content was poor for abstraction, as shown by the Clock Drawing both in Spanish and in Italian. In spontaneous lan- Test (he scored 3 out of 10). With regard to solv- guage, his speech was fluent and relevant, but he ing tasks involving logical opinion or capacity for could not always find the right word in Spanish— abstraction, he made mistakes in the Barcelona he said asiento (chair) instead of mesa (table), subtest similarities-abstraction (0 out of 12).
vaso (glass) instead of florero (vase)—or in Ital-ian—he said pascolo (meadow) instead of bosco In summary, the areas which the patient pre- (forest), piattino (plate) instead of possacenere served within the normal range were reading and Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica 2008, Vol. 13 (3), 219-228 Asociación Española de Psicología Clínica y Psicopatología 18756_Psicopatologia_13_3:18756_sfk 6/2/09 15:12 P gina 225 Neuropsychological evaluation and cognitive evolution of a bilingual alzheimer patient writing, both when copying and in dictation (all sult that the latter were less frequent. answers correct). Although some mistakes were Because our main objective was to ascertain observed in the semantic memory system, it was whether the conceptual representations of this less deteriorated than the (recent) episodic sys- bilingual patient were shared, we designed some tem. In fact, in two of the Barcelona subtests that identical classification tasks to be applied in evaluate the semantic system—categorical evo- each language in the corresponding sessions cation of animals and completion by denomina- (Díaz and Peraita, 2004; Díaz and Peraita, 2005). tion (in which the subject should complete sen- We designed a classification task (shopping tences where the last word was missing)—the basket) to show one of the main functions of patient had a satisfactory performance for his the semantic memory system, that is, the ca- age and level of education (50th percentile in the pacity of the subject to form groupings, rele- first test and 95th percentile in the second). vant to the logical and/or psychological and/orcontextual points of view. The patient was pre-sented with 48 colour photographs represent- Intervention sessions and follow-up evaluations ing the shopping basket—24 foods and 24 ob-jects—and he was told to make as many groups After obtaining the results of the neuropsy- of objects as he thought necessary, but to make chological evaluation, we decided to draw up an intervention programme to help stimulatethe different preserved cognitive functions andnot only intervene in those where deficits were observed. The final objective was to maintaincognitive skills and/or processes for as long as To illustrate the course of deterioration in this possible. The intervention programme was in- patient, Table 4 shows the results of some of the tegral in that it included activities from each of evaluations over time. Others could not be ap- the cognitive processes: attention, memory, lan- plied due to the cognitive problems experienced guage, executive functions, and praxia. The tech- by the patient, mainly in written and oral com- niques used were reminiscence, cognitive stim- ulation therapy, and reality orientation. A detailed The shopping basket task was applied in five explanation of this intervention programme will sessions over the three years in both languages, and the results are summarised in Table 5. The In order to avoid problems of interference be- patient's performance in both languages was tween the two languages, sessions were carried very similar in all the sessions, as was the per- out in Spanish or in Italian, but the languages centage of correct answers in the categories of were never mixed in one session. Every attempt was made to ensure that each session in Span- As for control in both languages, at the be- ish was followed by an identical session in Ital- ginning of the cognitive intervention programme, ian. This was not always possible, with the re- no differences were detected in the performance Table 4. Evaluation results of the patient in different tests and at different points in time Note: * Subtest of the Barcelona test Asociación Española de Psicología Clínica y Psicopatología Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica 2008, Vol. 13 (3), 219-228 18756_Psicopatologia_13_3:18756_sfk 6/2/09 15:12 P gina 226 Table 5. Results in the classification task «Shopping basket» N = 48 items (24 foods and 24 objects) of the activities, regardless of the language used.
ca, puledro (pony) instead potro, garòfano (car- The patient was competent in both languages nation) instead of clavel, camicia (shirt) instead during the production of spontaneous speech of camisa, piccolo (little) instead of pequeño.
and content was adequate for the conversation- al context. As the illness progressed, he changed ished—it became impossible to get to the cen- from one language to another when he was talk- ter, thus making it necessary to use another type ing to a person, something that did not occur at of intervention—the main caregiver, the patient's the beginning. Nevertheless, he managed a cer- wife, was extremely positive, in the sense that tain control of the situation as he only changed she was aware that her husband maintained some from one to another whilst talking to a person cognitive and emotional capacities which she who spoke both languages, not only Spanish.
had not expected. At this stage, the patient was His cognitive flexibility was excellent at the be- capable of speaking with an interlocutor, even ginning of the intervention programme as he was if the content of his conversation was very poor, capable of alternating between both languages and he maintained a connection with his im- during oral production. He did this only if the mediate and near environment. The programme other speaker did the same and was able to speak has helped him maintain a high level of effi- Spanish only when the interlocutor spoke in ciency, he felt useful, and the working sessions Spanish; therefore, he was competent in both the were rewarding for him, despite the effort. Fur- bilingual and monolingual mode. This reveals thermore, he had no important behavioural al- complex attentional control, i.e. greater capaci- ty in bilinguals to change linguistic code (Byal-istock et al. 2004; De Vreese, al. 1988).
Seven months later, we detected the intrusion of some Italian words during the tests in Span-ish and vice versa, in particular during the flu- This descriptive study has allowed us to con- ency and classification tasks. During the se- tribute more data to the field of progressive lan- mantic fluency test in Italian, we observed guage deterioration in a bilingual (Span- intrusions of words from the second language in ish/Italian) Alzheimer's patient, by means of a the first, such as the word gallina (hen) instead follow-up within the framework of a three-year of gallina—these were cognates—corbata (tie) intervention programme. This is particularly in- instead of cravatta, and clavel (carnation) in- teresting, given that there are very few reports stead of garòfano. This had not happened pre- on this type of patient in which an evaluation viously or was extremely sporadic. From Octo- and intervention are made in both languages, a ber 2002, the errors were more obvious in the fundamental aspect if we want to determine the Spanish tasks because he answered in Italian in- real linguistic ability of a person, as pointed out stead of Spanish. Some of these intrusions were lumaca (snail) instead of caracol, formaggio Even though no comparable empirical stud- (cheese) instead of queso, espàndere (spread) ies exist, the most relevant conclusion for our ob- instead of untar, pìzzico (pinch) instead of piz- jectives is that the patient's competence in both Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica 2008, Vol. 13 (3), 219-228 Asociación Española de Psicología Clínica y Psicopatología 18756_Psicopatologia_13_3:18756_sfk 6/2/09 15:12 P gina 227 Neuropsychological evaluation and cognitive evolution of a bilingual alzheimer patient Byalistock E., Craik, F.I.M., Klein, R., and Viswanathan, languages survived with almost no interference M. (2004). Bilingualism, aging and cognitive control: during the first three years of the disease. This Evidence from the Simon Task. Psychology and Ag- probably means that the patient sustained at- tentional control of both languages, and that this Byalistock E., Craik, F.I.M., and Freedman, M. (2007).
control was only inhibited at the end of the third Bilingualism as a protection against the onset of symp- year, as seen through spontaneous conversation toms of dementia. Neuropsychologia, 45, 459-464.
and specific tests, such as verbal fluency for se- Cacho, L.J., García-García, R., Arcaya, J., Vicente, J.L., mantic categories, description of objects, and and Lantada, N. (1999). Una propuesta de aplicación y puntuación del test del reloj en la enfermedad de This decline is particularly significant in terms Alzheimer. Revista de Neurología, 28, 7. of the control of the languages in which he is Crawford, J.R., Garthwaite, P.H., Azzalini, A., Howell, competent, from total control at the level of D.C., and Laws, K.R. (2006). Testing for a deficit insingle-case studies: effects of departures from nor- spontaneous conversation depending on the in- mality. Neuropsychologia, 44, 666-677.
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Source: http://www.aepcp.net/arc/(6)%202008(3).D%C3%ADaz%20y%20Pera%C3%ADta%20(2008.RPPC).%20Neuropsychological%20evaluation%20and%20cognitive%20of%20Alzheimer.pdf
Lewis wardlaw blackman
B'rosh Hashanah yikatayvoon, uvYom tzome Kippur yaykhtaymoon…mee yekhyeh umee yamoot; mee vehkitzo oomee lo vehkitzo… "On Rosh Hashanah it is written and on Yom Kippur it is sealed … who shall live and who shall die, who will attain a full measure of life and who not." This is the true story of Lewis Blackman as first reported in The State newspaper of Columbia, South Carolina
Merkblatt für Ärzte und Polizei FTC Haartests zum Nachweis von Betäubungsmitteln und Medikamenten (K.o.-Mitteln) Bei Routineuntersuchungen der Haare werden Opiate, einschließlich Codein und Dihydrocodein, sowie Cocain, THC (Cannabis), Amphetamin und die Designer-Drogen Methamphetamin, MDMA, MDEA und MDA nachgewiesen. Die "Treffsicherheit" ist bei den einzelnen Drogen s
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Recently I have noticed black breeches being worn in the hunter pleasure classes. Is that permissable? I love the look, but the traditionalist in me hesitates to jump on board. Let me know your thoughts.
Under the USEF Morgan rules for Hunt attire, no specific color is mentioned for "informal" attire. So technically, it is permissible and may even be fashion forward. I, like you, would tend to shy away to the more traditional colors.
Again, being more traditional, even though rules permit more liberal use, you would only catch me in a shadbelly if it were a Championship class…at night…in a large (ie: NE, OKC) show. I would even hesitate to wear it in anything but the open division.
Oh wow, you're talking to a bonafide foxhunter here… Of course, I prefer buff or cream (NO WHITE for hunter classes) but realize rust and sage green are also worn and accepted as breech colors. BLACK—imo, ick! I would leave the black to schooling… By the way, Tailored Sportsman makes a beautifully fitted breech with the zipper on the side (so your tummy doesn't stick out from the front fly) in muted, traditional colors. What's legal and what's tasteful are sometimes two different things—I'd stay with the tasteful, traditional look.
Where can I find the Tailored Sportsman breeches? Is there a website to order?
My trainer & I were actually talking about this at Mass Morgan last week because we've been seeing more and more riders with unconventional attire. We both agreed that we don't like the colorful breeches. The tan breeches are just so classic and can go with everything. But bright blue, pink, purple, etc…yuck. just my opinion. It doesn't look professional or traditional.
I can understand wanting to stand out in the ever-growing hunt classes, but lets keep the splash of color on the shirt. The traditional muted colored jacket with tan breeches looks wonderful accented by a hint of brightness in the shirt.
DOES ANYONE REMEMBER IRRIDESCENT PURPLE DAYCOATS?????….I DO, YUCK!!!
My motto, I don't want to look back at victory pass pictures 10 years from now and wonder "what was I thinking"?! Keep it classic.
ick-ick-ick. I figured this was coming- as the QH's go, so go the Morgans a season or two later. My leastest favorite is the black coat with the black shirt- the Johnny Cash look. I'll stick with my traditional stuff- timeless, classy & a whole lot cheaper than following the latest trend.
I think the black breeches are attractive when paired right. We have already seen black breeches win in Oklahoma in 2006, however not many have been bold enough to do it.
colwilrin, I get my Tailored Sportsman breeches from Dover Saddlery. They're not the least expensive but have an incredibly classy look and are made from very good-quality materials.
Thanks, now if I can just figure out the sizing! I think it goes by waist, but I don't want them too tight.
Also, any ideas on a good pair of field boots. I do not want the kind with the back zipper.
I recommend the Ariat Challenge field boot. You can get it without the zipper and they are very nice boots for a pretty standard field boot price. I have a pair and the leather is really nice and flexible.
Thanks, my Western boots are Ariat and are so comfortable. I'll check the hunt boots out online.
I too prefer the traditional hunter look. I agree that the more colorful breeches may stand out more in the pack, but for me, not for the right reasons!
I am addicted to Tailored Sportsman breeches and won't wear anything else! Love em!!
I agree, traditional works for me, the buff or the light green, alot of us at our barn talked of this at Mass Morgan as we saw orange, lavender, light blue…..not for me. And I agree with the Shad Belly, championship classes only, and we only usually use them at night. I would have to say if I went for ANY other color breeches rather than traditional I would go with black with nice coat with it, but only with the right coat and only on the right person.
When I read the original post the first thing i thought of was Mass Morgan. I could not believe the color breeches I saw, Pink, Purple, Sky blue. I too think tan and cream, then dress it up else where. IE shirt, or even a little felx with the jacket. I saw a very nice red/marron hunt coat at NE. I don't remember where, but I also saw a bronze one I really liked.
I remember back in the 1980′s when dyed-to-match derbies and western hats were all the rage. Thank goodness my mother wouldn't let me wear one! I look back at the pictures and cringe.
IMO Dyed-to-match derbies and western hats are rarely a good choice, and are only acceptable for leadline; W/T; jr exhibs; equit when doing the monochromatic look. Once you turn 18, those toppers should become hand-me-downs, lest you look outdated!
Amanda- I know the jacket you are talking about, I agree it was very beautiful. It was on the girl who shows Apostrophe. I wouldn't think that it was my taste but it was really nice.
I agree about the traditional conservative britches. Which brings up another question.
What about tall boots in walk trot? Aren't paddock boots and gators for walk trot and then you "earn" your tall boots when you step up to cantering?
In regards to tall boots in walk and trot– my personal policy is that you get tall boots when you canter. I have not yet found a parent that doesn't appreciate not having to buy new tall boots every 6 months for their growing walk and trotter. Nothin you can do about it once they canter, but at least those first few years you might be able to save a few bucks.
I agree on the tall boots for W/T/C too! I have also seen Shadbellys in Walk-Trot. Why???
Coming from the hunter world first, my tall boots came when I entered the 14-17 division. Until then, jodphers and jodpher boots. I won both the AMHA Hunt Seat Gold Medals finals (on the flat and over fences) in my jodphers:)I am not a fan of little kids in tall boots..chops up their legs and just loooks too mature, IMO.
I agree about the tall boots. I do not like seeing the walk trotters in them. And Alicia brought up a good point- tall boots are very, very expensive. When I moved up to walk trot canter, I was basically done growing and that's why you go out and get a nice pair of tall boots, because you won't be getting a new pair. Walk trotters are going to outgrow theirs and their parents may end up having to buy them 2 our 3 pairs.
Oklahoma this past year I saw some crazy jackets, that I thought were very tacky. I've also seen the pink breeches and think it's icky too.
I too am more of a traditionalist with hunter clothes, cream/buff/beige breeches, a darker jacket and the color comes from the shirt. Rust breeches I can deal with if worn in taste, as well as a pretty grey.
I hate seeing tall boots on walk trotters. I was always taught that when you move up into the 13 and under division that is when you graduate to tall boots. The painful prize for cantering lol.
As far as dyeing derbies/hats I think dyeing them is great. For example with my one suit I needed a brown derby and every one we found was just too light of a shade so we had to dye it a darker brown.
In now way shape or form am I encouraging anyone to dye their derby to match their red day coat, but I think dyeing can be really helpful.
All this talk about dyeing things to match brings me back to my dance days when we had to dye our toe shoes to match our outfits, even if that meant they had to be teal.
I wear a dark blue, but not navy, suit, and think it looks nice with a dark blue derby. I agree that dyed to match teal would not do!
I too got my tall boots when I moved up to 13&U….I think that little kids legs look a bit weird in tall boots, becuause they aren't filled out yet.
My daughter wore tall boots her last year of walk trot…. The reason was that she was too tall to get the walk trot style breeches, and she wore a size 10 boot. She is in the 14-17 division now and still wearing the same boots.
I was just flipping through the Connection last night and noticing how things like black breeches and bright (often ugly) color coats seem to be in right now. I am not a fan. The bridal-gown-white coat I saw a while ago tops the list, though.
I went to the USEF Pony Nationals a couple of weekends ago and saw a girl walking around in pink breeches. I wondered if she actually showed in those or if it was just a fashion statement while cheering on her barnmates. All the kids I saw riding were in shadbellies because it was championship day. A couple of the kids in the large pony hunters were wearing jods and paddock boots. I kind of wondered about that…I figured there was some hard-and-fast rule about jods vs. tall boots in the hunter world, especially for a show that big.
It's been drilled in my head that cream breeches required for huntseat. I usually use black breeches for schooling shows and practice.


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In skin care, natural beauty is booming
The organic beauty industry is reportedly projected to reach US$25.11 billion in sales by 2025. That's some serious plant power.
Aleesha Harris
Mathilde Thomas, co-founder of the French beauty brand Caudalie.	Handout / Caudalie
When it comes to the skin-care industry, green is definitely gold.
With new natural brands popping up, seemingly daily, and more mainstream companies introducing additional "clean" products into their lineups — eschewing ingredients such as sulfates, parabens, formaldehydes, phthalates and more — the shift is prompting some retailers like Sephora to carve out shelf space in their stores (both bricks-and-mortar and online) dedicated to the growing green movement.
In fact, the organic beauty industry is reportedly projected to reach US$25.11 billion in sales by 2025. That's some serious plant power.
According to Mathilde Thomas, co-founder of the French beauty brand Caudalie, the driving force behind the growth in the natural beauty industry is all thanks to an increase in consumer consciousness surrounding natural skin-care ingredients and benefits.
"Consumers are more informed than ever and looking at brands to make informed decisions from a 360-degree perspective," Thomas explains. "While the ingredients in the products are taking centre stage, consumers are also looking at everything from a brand's facilities down to the packaging and its environmental impact."
That increased interest in what goes into a product is prompting brands to be more transparent about their tinctures, from production to packaging.
Tayler Mariles. PNG
"Sustainability and brand transparency has become important in every consumer-goods category and beauty is no different," Tayler Mariles, founder of the Vancouver-based natural beauty company Midnight Paloma, says. "Understanding what you're putting on your face and body is just as important as knowing where the food you are feeding your family is coming from.
"Is the brand Canadian? Do they care about the people using it? Where are the ingredients sourced? All of these things are much more 'on the radar' now then they used to be."
As more information about product ingredients enter the beauty-sphere, consumers are faced with the opportunity to better inform themselves on elixirs than ever before.
"People are incredibly savvy when it comes to product ingredients these days, especially in Vancouver," Mariles says. "No one even knew what paraben was five years ago, and now you'll get people asking if there is synthetic fragrance and chemical preservatives in our formulas.
"Customers are very educated."
If you're unsure of how to get started on your own ingredient education Mariles says going online is a great place to start.
"The internet is an amazing tool for this, but you definitely need to watch what you read," she says. "There is a lot of good information but there is also a lot of fluff. I like to take a look at what is banned in the (European Union). They are usually a little bit ahead of us in terms of ingredient testing, so knowing what they are watching out for is a great way to stay on top of it."
And be aware that, as the industry continues to change with awareness, so too will the list of "bad" ingredients.
"There will always be a new 'dangerous ingredient'," Mariles says. "Before getting too worried, I like to research and see what is actually going on to assess the risk.
"There are always going to be products that aren't natural and that's fine. Not all preservatives are bad necessarily. But when there are serious carcinogens in products that's when these companies need to ask themselves: 'Who is benefiting, and why?' If you wouldn't use a product on your own child, why would you market it to the masses? With the knowledge we have now there really are no excuses for formulating things with cleaner ingredients in mind."
According to Mariles, one of the most common questions she faces in regard to her product lineup — ingredient inquiries aside — is how consumers can make the shift from traditional beauty products to a more "clean-beauty" routine.
"People want to make the right choices but they don't know where to start, and they certainly don't want to spend a fortune changing over," she says. "It can be an overwhelming process at the beginning, but slowly adding good clean options is easy now. There are tons of options in everyone's budget."
To get started on the greening process of your own skin-care routine, she recommends starting with the few products that you use everyday — your personal skin-care MVPs (most valuable products of course) — rather than the more novelty creams, oils and other assorted tinctures.
"Get some good clean replacements and go from there," Mariles says.
The Detox Mask from Midnight Paloma. Midnight Paloma
Expanding one's knowledge of the green-beauty movement, as well as further understanding the list of potentially harmful chemical ingredients lurking in self-care products, is important for more than just one's piece of mind, though. According to Thomas, an increased level of awareness can also help safeguard against buying "greenwashed" products — or beauty and skin-care products that are purported to be "clean" but have buried chemical ingredients or production processes.
"It's important for customers to do their own research and look critically into the ingredients that brands are using in their products," Thomas says. " 'Natural' to one brand may mean something completely different to another. In fact, there is no one definition of natural."
The Caudalie Limited Edition Beauty Elixir. Caudalie
At Caudalie, which promotes the use and benefit of products featuring antioxidant-rich grape seed sourced from their family's vineyard in Bordeaux, France, Thomas says there's an emphasis on avoiding ingredients that have been linked to health-care concerns.
"As a brand, we frown upon including ingredients that are endocrine disrupters, that can be irritating or that are bad for the environment and use the smallest proportion of preservatives as possible and are committed to avoiding certain controversial and artificial ingredients," Thomas explains. That emphasis on a more sustainable product also extends to the production.
"It's important to me that everything from our facilities — to the product, packaging and formulation — leave as little negative environmental impact as possible," Thomas says. "I'm also especially proud that Caudalie is an active member of 1% for the Planet, which is an organization that works to protect the environment. We're proud of the fact that at the end of 2018, we planted more than four million trees globally and have plans to plant more than eight million in eight countries by 2021."
As the green movement continues to gain momentum, shoppers can expect to discover more resources for information, increased transparency and even more "clean" beauty brands on offer — and, as it has been for the past five years, the push will come from consumer demand.
"The more educated people are, the more demand there will be for sustainable, healthy products," Mariles says. "It's like everything in our lives now, the more we know, the better we can change our lifestyles … Transparency is going to be more important than ever moving forward."
Aharris@postmedia.com
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High-dynamic-range single-shot cross-correlator based on an optical pulse replicator
Christophe Dorrer, Jake Bromage, and J. D. Zuegel
Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Rd, Rochester, NY 14623 USA
C Dorrer
J Bromage
J Zuegel
Christophe Dorrer, Jake Bromage, and J. D. Zuegel, "High-dynamic-range single-shot cross-correlator based on an optical pulse replicator," Opt. Express 16, 13534-13544 (2008)
Ultrafast Optics
Amplified spontaneous emission
Nonlinear optical crystals
Regenerative amplification
Ultrafast measurements (320.7100)
Ultrafast technology (320.7160)
Original Manuscript: May 30, 2008
Revised Manuscript: July 17, 2008
Manuscript Accepted: July 22, 2008
Suppl. Mat. (1)
The operation of a single-shot cross-correlator based on a pulse replicator is described. The correlator uses a discrete sequence of sampling pulses that are nonlinearly mixed with the pulse under test. The combination of a high reflector and partial reflector replicates an optical pulse by multiple internal reflections and generates a sequence of spatially displaced and temporally delayed sampling pulses. This principle is used in a cross-correlator characterizing optical pulses at 1053 nm. A dynamic range higher than 60 dB is obtained over a temporal range larger than 200 ps.
Transverse single-shot cross-correlation scheme for laser pulse temporal measurement via planar second harmonic generation
B. Wang, C. Cojocaru, W. Krolikowski, Y. Sheng, and J. Trull
High dynamic, high resolution and wide range single shot temporal pulse contrast measurement
Thomas Oksenhendler, Pierre Bizouard, Olivier Albert, Stefan Bock, and Ulrich Schramm
Single-shot high-resolution characterization of optical pulses by spectral phase diversity
C. Dorrer, L. J. Waxer, A. Kalb, E. M. Hill, and J. Bromage
High dynamic range contrast measurements by use of an optical parametric amplifier correlator
Edwin J. Divall and Ian N. Ross
Single-shot cross-correlator using a long-wavelength sampling pulse
Jingui Ma, Peng Yuan, Yongzhi Wang, Dongfang Zhang, Heyuan Zhu, and Liejia Qian
Opt. Lett. 36(6) 978-980 (2011)
S.-W. Bahk, P. Rousseau, T. A. Planchon, V. Chvykov, G. Kalintchenko, A. Maksimchuk, G. A. Mourou, and V. Yanovksy, "Generation and characterization of the highest laser intensities (1022 W/cm2)," Opt. Lett. 29, 2837–2839 (2004).
J. D. Zuegel, S. Borneis, C. Barty, B. LeGarrec, C. Danson, N. Miyanaga, P. K. Rambo, C. LeBlanc, T. J. Kessler, A. W. Schmid, L. J. Waxer, J. H. Kelly, B. Kruschwitz, R. Jungquist, E. Moses, J. Britten, I. Jovanovic, J. Dawson, and N. Blanchot, "Laser challenges for fast ignition," Fusion Sci. Technol. 49, 453–482 (2006).
D. J. Kane and R. Trebino, "Single-shot measurement of the intensity and phase of an arbitrary ultrashort pulse by using frequency-resolved optical gating," Opt. Lett. 18, 823–825 (1993).
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J. Bromage, C. Dorrer, I. A. Begishev, N. G. Usechak, and J. D. Zuegel, "Highly sensitive, single-shot characterization for pulse widths from 0.4 to 85 ps using electro-optic shearing interferometry," Opt. Lett. 31, 3523–3525 (2006).
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I. Jovanovic, B. C. Haefner, M. Shverdin, M. Taranowski, and C. P. J. Barty, "High-dynamic-range, 200-ps window, single-shot cross-correlator for ultrahigh intensity laser characterization," presented at the CLEO/QELS Conference, Baltimore, MD, 6–11 May 2007 (Paper JThD137).
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L. Mandel and E. Wolf, Optical coherence and quantum optics (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, 1995).
Allott, R.
Bahk, S.-W.
Barty, C.
Barty, C. P. J.
Begishev, I. A.
Blanchot, N.
Borneis, S.
Britten, J.
Bromage, J.
Chambaret, J.-P.
Chvykov, V.
Collier, J.
Danson, C.
Dawson, J.
de Beauvoir, B.
Divall, E. J.
Dorrer, C.
Dufour, C.
Haefner, B. C.
Hall, A.
Hernandez-Gomez, C.
Hutchinson, M. H. R.
Jovanovic, I.
Jungquist, R.
Kalintchenko, G.
Kane, D. J.
Kelly, J. H.
Kessler, T. J.
Kruschwitz, B.
Le Blanc, C.
LeBlanc, C.
LeGarrec, B.
Luan, S.
Maksimchuk, A.
Mandel, L.
McKinney, J. D.
Miyanaga, N.
Moses, E.
Mourou, G. A.
Planchon, T. A.
Rambo, P. K.
Ranc, S.
Ross, I. N.
Rousseau, J.-P.
Rousseau, P.
Schmid, A. W.
Shverdin, M.
Smith, R. A.
Taranowski, M.
Trebino, R.
Usechak, N. G.
Waxer, L. J.
Weiner, A. M.
Xiao, S.
Yanovksy, V.
Zhou, F.
Zuegel, J. D.
Fusion Sci. Technol. (1)
IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. (1)
Laser Part. Beams (1)
Meas. Sci. Technol. (1)
Rev. Opt. (1)
Supplementary Material (1)
» Media 1: MOV (3951 KB)
Fig. 10.
Fig. 1 (a) Design of a single-shot cross-correlator based on the nonlinear interaction of the pulse under test with a sequence of sampling pulses from an optical pulse replicator. (b) Layout for the calculation of the spatial and temporal properties of the sequence of pulses from the optical pulse replicator. HR: high reflector; PR: partial reflector.
Fig. 2. (a) Relative position of 50 replicas from the pulse replicator versus relative angle of the two reflectors of the OPR. The value of α minimizing the spread of the relative positions is indicated by a white dashed line. (b) Relative position of 50 replicas from the pulse replicator for the relative angle minimizing the standard deviation of the relative positions.
Fig. 3. (a) Nonlinear component of the delay for 50 replicas from the pulse replicator versus the relative angle of the two reflectors of the OPR. The value of α minimizing the spread of the relative positions is indicated by a white dashed line. (b) Nonlinear component of the delay for 50 replicas from the pulse replicator for the relative angle minimizing the standard deviation of the relative positions.
Fig. 4. Measured 3ω signal versus 1ω signal without neutral-density filters on the sampling pulse (blue circles) and with a 30-dB attenuation on the sampling pulse after signal correction (red squares). The solid line corresponds to the expected linear relation between the input and output signals.
Fig. 5. Intensity histogram of the output of a Fabry–Perot etalon on a (a) linear scale and (b) logarithmic scale. In each case, the average value of the intensity at each time slot is plotted with white circles.
Fig. 6. Intensity histogram of 10,000 successive shots of the DPRA on a (a) linear and (b) logarithmic scale. In each time slot, brighter intensity corresponds to a larger proportion of samples in a given intensity bin. The average intensity is plotted with white circles. A prepulse can be observed approximately 100 ps before the main pulse.
Fig. 7. (Media 1) Animated plot of the intensity of 100 successive shots of the DPRA on a logarithmic scale.
Fig. 8. Intensity histogram of 10,000 realizations of ASE on (a) a linear and (b) a logarithmic scale. In each case, the average value of the intensity at each time slot is plotted with white circles.
Fig. 9. Intensity probability density distribution for amplified spontaneous emission. Plots (a) and (c) correspond to an overlap of the distributions obtained at each of the 36 time slots characterized by the diagnostic on a linear and logarithmic scale, respectively. Plots (b) and (d) correspond to the distribution calculated with all the measured samples on a linear and logarithmic scale, respectively. Experimental distributions are plotted with blue lines and the theoretical prediction of Eq. (5) is plotted with black markers.
Fig. 10. Normalized intensity standard deviation as a function of time for amplified spontaneous emission (in relation to Fig. 8) and for a 200-ps window including the main laser pulse (in relation to Fig. 6).
(1) θ n = θ n − 1 − 2 α
(2) d n = d n − 1 1 − tan  ( α ) tan  ( θ n − 1 − 2 α ) 1 + tan  ( θ n − 1 ) tan  ( α )
(3) x n = x n − 1 + d n − 1 tan  ( θ n − 1 ) + tan  ( θ n − 1 − 2 α ) 1 + tan  ( α ) tan  ( θ n − 1 )
(4) L n = L n − 1 + d n − 1 1 + tan  ( α ) tan  ( θ n − 1 ) [ 1 cos  ( θ n − 1 ) + 1 cos  ( θ n − 1 − 2 α ) ] + z cos  ( θ n ) .
(5) P ( I ) = 1 〈 I 〉 exp ( − I 〈 I 〉 ) ,


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