text:
/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 SigmaTel Inc
 $Archive: /Fatfs/FileSystem/Fat32/higherapi/DeleteTree.c $
 $Revision: 16 $
 $Date: 10/08/03 2:53p $
 Description: DeleteTree.c
 Notes:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------
		File Includes
----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include <types.h>
#include "fstypes.h"
#include "filesystem/fsapi.h"
#include "fat_internal.h"
#include "filespec.h"
#include "diroffset.h"

/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------
		Extern Declarations
----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
extern RtStatus_t FindNext(int32_t HandleNumber, FindData_t * _finddata);
extern RtStatus_t FindFirst(FindData_t * _finddata, uint8_t * FileName);
/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------
		Global Declarations
----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
RtStatus_t DeleteAllRecords(int32_t StartingCluster, FindData_t * _finddata);
RtStatus_t FileRemove(int32_t RecordNumber, int32_t HandleNumber);
RtStatus_t DelGetRecordNumber(int32_t HandleNumber, int32_t ClusterNumber);
RtStatus_t ChangeToLowLevelDir(int32_t HandleNumber, FindData_t * _finddata,
                               int32_t StartingCluster);
void ClearData(FindData_t * _finddata);
/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------
>  Function Name: RtStatus_t DeleteTree(uint8_t *filePath)

   FunctionType:  Reentrant

   Inputs:        1) Pointer to the directory path

   Outputs:       Returns 0 on success else an error code

   Description:   Deletes all the files and directories of the specified path
<
----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
RtStatus_t DeleteTree(uint8_t * filePath)
{
    RtStatus_t RetValue = SUCCESS;
    int32_t HandleNumber = 0;
    int32_t StartingCluster;
    FindData_t _finddata;
    uint8_t Buf[32];
    HandleTable_t TempHandle;
//  int64_t lTemp;

    if ((RetValue = Chdir(filePath)) < 0)
        return RetValue;

    TempHandle = Handle[CWD_HANDLE];

    if ((HandleNumber = Searchfreehandleallocate()) < 0)
        return (RtStatus_t) HandleNumber;

    Handle[HandleNumber] = Handle[CWD_HANDLE];

    if ((Handle[HandleNumber].StartingCluster) ==
        MediaTable[Handle[HandleNumber].Device].RootdirCluster)
        return ERROR_OS_FILESYSTEM_DIR_NOT_REMOVABLE;

    if ((ReadDirectoryRecord(HandleNumber, 1, Buf)) <= 0)
        return ERROR_OS_FILESYSTEM_INVALID_RECORD_NUMBER;

    // sdk 2.6 first corrected the shift direction to left instead of right.  3.095 release had left since it had fix from sdk2.6.
    StartingCluster =
        ((FSGetWord(Buf, DIR_FSTCLUSLOOFFSET)) | (FSGetWord(Buf, DIR_FSTCLUSHIOFFSET) << 16));

    if ((RetValue = Fseek(HandleNumber, 0, SEEK_SET)) < 0)
        return RetValue;

    Freehandle(HandleNumber);

    if ((RetValue =
         DeleteAllRecords(StartingCluster, &_finddata)) == ERROR_OS_FILESYSTEM_DIR_NOT_REMOVABLE) {
        Handle[CWD_HANDLE] = TempHandle;
        return SUCCESS;
    } else {
        Handle[CWD_HANDLE] = TempHandle;
        return RetValue;
    }
}

/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------
>  Function Name: RtStatus_t DeleteAllRecords(int32_t StartingCluster,FindData_t *_finddata)

   FunctionType:  Reentrant

   Inputs:        1) StartingCluster
                  2) FindData_t structure

   Outputs:       Returns an Error if function fails

   Description:   Deletes all the files and directories of the specified path
<
----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
RtStatus_t DeleteAllRecords(int32_t StartingCluster, FindData_t * _finddata)
{
    RtStatus_t RetValue = SUCCESS;
    int32_t HandleNumber = 0;
    uint8_t Buf[5];
    int32_t TemphandleNumber = 0;

    ClearData(_finddata);

    PutWord(Buf, 0x2e2a, 0);
    Buf[2] = 0x2a;

    while (1) {
        TemphandleNumber = HandleNumber;
        if ((HandleNumber = FindFirst(_finddata, (uint8_t *) Buf)) < 0) {
            /* FindFirst function returns handle number with setting mode = READ + DIRECTORY
               so we have to set write mode for this handle */
            HandleNumber = TemphandleNumber;
            Handle[HandleNumber].HandleActive = 1;
            Handle[HandleNumber].Mode =
                (FileSystemModeTypes_t) (Handle[HandleNumber].Mode | WRITE_MODE);

            if ((RetValue = ChangeToLowLevelDir(HandleNumber, _finddata, StartingCluster)) < 0) {
                Freehandle(HandleNumber);
                return RetValue;
            }

            ClearData(_finddata);
            Freehandle(HandleNumber);
            continue;
        }
        Handle[HandleNumber].Mode =
            (FileSystemModeTypes_t) (Handle[HandleNumber].Mode | WRITE_MODE);
        if ((_finddata->attrib & DIRECTORY) == DIRECTORY) {
            if ((RetValue = ChangeToLowLevelDir(HandleNumber, _finddata, StartingCluster)) < 0) {
                Freehandle(HandleNumber);
                return RetValue;
            }

            ClearData(_finddata);
            Freehandle(HandleNumber);
            continue;
        } else {
            if ((RetValue = FileRemove(_finddata->startrecord - 1, HandleNumber)) < 0) {
                Freehandle(HandleNumber);
                return RetValue;
            }
        }
        while (1) {
            if ((RetValue = FindNext(HandleNumber, _finddata)) < 0) {
                if ((RetValue = ChangeToLowLevelDir(HandleNumber, _finddata, StartingCluster)) < 0) {
                    Freehandle(HandleNumber);
                    return RetValue;
                }
                ClearData(_finddata);
                Freehandle(HandleNumber);
                break;
            }

            if ((_finddata->attrib & DIRECTORY) == DIRECTORY) {
                if ((RetValue = ChangeToLowLevelDir(HandleNumber, _finddata, StartingCluster)) < 0) {
                    Freehandle(HandleNumber);
                    return RetValue;
                }

                ClearData(_finddata);
                Freehandle(HandleNumber);
                break;
            } else {
                if ((RetValue = FileRemove(_finddata->startrecord - 1, HandleNumber)) < 0) {
                    Freehandle(HandleNumber);
                    return RetValue;
                }
            }
        }
    }                           // while(1)
}

/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------
>  Function Name: void ClearData(FindData_t *_finddata)

   FunctionType:  Reentrant

   Inputs:        1) FindData_t Structure

   Outputs:       Cleares FindData_t Structure
<
----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
void ClearData(FindData_t * _finddata)
{
    int32_t i;
    _finddata->startrecord = 0;
    _finddata->attrib = 0;
    _finddata->FileSize = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < MAX_FILESNAME / 3; i++) {
        _finddata->name[i] = 0;
    }
}

/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------
>  Function Name: RtStatus_t ChangeToLowLevelDir(int32_t HandleNumber,FindData_t *_finddata,int32_t StartingCluster)

   FunctionType:  Reentrant

   Inputs:        1) Handle Number
                  2) FindData_t Structure
                  3) Starting Cluster

   Outputs:       Returns SUCCESS on success else an Error Code

   Description:   Changes to low level directory if available within the given directory
                  and updates the Handle
<
----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
RtStatus_t ChangeToLowLevelDir(int32_t HandleNumber, FindData_t * _finddata,
                               int32_t StartingCluster)
{
    RtStatus_t RetValue = SUCCESS;
    int32_t RecordNumber;
    uint8_t Buffer[32];
    int32_t ClusterNumber = 0;
    uint8_t Buf[5];
    // int64_t lTemp;

    PutWord(Buf, 0x2e2e, 0);

    if ((RetValue = Fseek(HandleNumber, -DIRRECORDSIZE, SEEK_CUR)))
        return RetValue;

    if ((RetValue = Isdirectoryempty(HandleNumber)) == SUCCESS) {
        if ((ReadDirectoryRecord(HandleNumber, 0, Buffer)) <= 0)
            return ERROR_OS_FILESYSTEM_NO_MATCHING_RECORD;

        // sdk2.6 changed this from right shift to a left shift.
        ClusterNumber =
            ((FSGetWord(Buffer, DIR_FSTCLUSLOOFFSET)) |
             (FSGetWord(Buffer, DIR_FSTCLUSHIOFFSET) << 16));

        if ((RetValue = Fseek(HandleNumber, 0, SEEK_SET)) < 0)
            return RetValue;

        if ((RetValue = Chdir((uint8_t *) & Buf)) < 0)
            return RetValue;

        Handle[HandleNumber] = Handle[CWD_HANDLE];

        if ((RecordNumber = DelGetRecordNumber(HandleNumber, ClusterNumber)) < 0)
            return ERROR_OS_FILESYSTEM_NO_MATCHING_RECORD;

        if ((RetValue = FileRemove(RecordNumber, HandleNumber)) < 0)
            return RetValue;

        if (Handle[HandleNumber].StartingCluster ==
            MediaTable[Handle[HandleNumber].Device].RootdirCluster
            || Handle[HandleNumber].StartingCluster == StartingCluster)
            return ERROR_OS_FILESYSTEM_DIR_NOT_REMOVABLE;

        return SUCCESS;
    }

    if ((ReadDirectoryRecord(HandleNumber, (_finddata->startrecord - 1), Buffer)) <= 0)
        return ERROR_OS_FILESYSTEM_NO_MATCHING_RECORD;

    if ((RetValue = Fseek(HandleNumber, -DIRRECORDSIZE, SEEK_CUR)))
        return RetValue;

    // sdk2.6 changed this from a right shift to a left shift.
    ClusterNumber =
        ((FSGetWord(Buffer, DIR_FSTCLUSLOOFFSET)) | (FSGetWord(Buffer, DIR_FSTCLUSHIOFFSET) << 16));

    UpdateHandle(HandleNumber, ClusterNumber);

    Handle[CWD_HANDLE] = Handle[HandleNumber];

    return SUCCESS;
}

/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------
>  Function Name: RtStatus_t DelGetRecordNumber(int32_t HandleNumber,int32_t StartingCluster)

   FunctionType:  Reentrant

   Inputs:        1) Handle Number
                  2) Starting Cluster

   Outputs:       Updated Record number else an Error

   Description:   Updates Record Number as per deleted directory record
<
----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
RtStatus_t DelGetRecordNumber(int32_t HandleNumber, int32_t StartingCluster)
{

    int32_t RecordNumber = 0;
    uint8_t Buffer[32];
    int32_t Byte1, Byte2;
    int32_t ClusterNumber;
    //int64_t lTemp;

    while (1) {
        if (ReadDirectoryRecord(HandleNumber, RecordNumber, Buffer) < 0)
            return ERROR_OS_FILESYSTEM_NO_MATCHING_RECORD;

        if ((Byte1 = FSGetByte(Buffer, 0)) == 0)
            return ERROR_OS_FILESYSTEM_FS_ERROR;

        if (Byte1 == 0x2e) {
            RecordNumber++;
            continue;
        }

        if ((Byte2 = FSGetByte(Buffer, DIR_ATTRIBUTEOFFSET)) == LONGDIRATTRIBUTE) {
            RecordNumber++;
            continue;
        }
        // sdk2.6 changed this from a right shift to a left shift.
        ClusterNumber =
            ((FSGetWord(Buffer, DIR_FSTCLUSLOOFFSET)) |
             (FSGetWord(Buffer, DIR_FSTCLUSHIOFFSET) << 16));

        if ((Byte1 != 0xe5) && ((Byte2 & DIRECTORY) == DIRECTORY)
            && (StartingCluster == ClusterNumber))
            break;

        RecordNumber++;
    }
    return (RtStatus_t) RecordNumber;
}

/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------
>  Function Name: RtStatus_t FileRemove(int32_t RecordNumber,int32_t HandleNumber)

   FunctionType:  Reentrant

   Inputs:        1) Record Number
                  2) Handle Number

   Outputs:       Returns SUCCESS on success else an Error Code

   Description:   Updates the handle to associate with the file to be deleted and
                  deletes the contents of the file i.e. marks all the clusters occupied by
	              the file as zero in FAT Table.

<
----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
RtStatus_t FileRemove(int32_t RecordNumber, int32_t HandleNumber)
{
    RtStatus_t RetValue = SUCCESS;
    uint8_t Buffer[32];
    int32_t ClusterNumber = 0, FileSize;
    HandleTable_t Temp;
    //  int64_t lTemp;

    Temp = Handle[HandleNumber];

    if (Handle[HandleNumber].StartingCluster != 0) {
        if ((RetValue = Fseek(HandleNumber, -DIRRECORDSIZE, SEEK_CUR)))
            return RetValue;
    }

    if (ReadDirectoryRecord(HandleNumber, RecordNumber, Buffer) < 0)
        return ERROR_OS_FILESYSTEM_NO_MATCHING_RECORD;

    if (Handle[HandleNumber].StartingCluster != 0) {
        if ((RetValue = Fseek(HandleNumber, -DIRRECORDSIZE, SEEK_CUR)))
            return RetValue;
    }

    if ((RetValue = DeleteRecord(HandleNumber, RecordNumber)) < 0)
        return RetValue;

    /* Set the Handle to original position */
    if ((RetValue = Fseek(HandleNumber, (RecordNumber * DIRRECORDSIZE), SEEK_SET)) < 0)
        return RetValue;

    FileSize = FSGetDWord(Buffer, DIR_FILESIZEOFFSET);

    // sdk2.6 changed this to left shift instead of right shift.
    ClusterNumber =
        ((FSGetWord(Buffer, DIR_FSTCLUSLOOFFSET)) | (FSGetWord(Buffer, DIR_FSTCLUSHIOFFSET) << 16));

    if (((FSGetByte(Buffer, DIR_ATTRIBUTEOFFSET)) & DIRECTORY_MODE) == DIRECTORY_MODE)
        FileSize = 0x7fffffff;

    if ((ClusterNumber != 0) && (FileSize) != 0) {
        /* update the handle to associate with the file to be deleted */
        UpdateHandle(HandleNumber, ClusterNumber);

        /* Delete the contents of the file (i.e. Mark all the clusters occupied by
           the file as zero in FAT Table) */
        if ((RetValue = DeleteContent(HandleNumber, 0)) < 0)
            return RetValue;
    }
    Handle[HandleNumber] = Temp;

    return SUCCESS;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
Q: calling function with dataframe data gives error (cannot convert the series to ) I have an option pricing model (very simple Black Scholes) that works fine with data in this fashion:
In [18]:
BS2(100.,100.,1.,.001,.3)

Out[18]:
11.96762435837207

the function is here:
Black Sholes Function

def BS2(S,X,T,r,v):
    d1 = (log(S/X)+(.001+v*v/2)*T)/(v*sqrt(T))
    d2 = d1-v*sqrt(T)
    return (S*CND(d1)-X*exp(-.001*T)*CND(d2))

I do not think it matters for this question, but BS2 calls this:
Cumulative normal distribution function

def CND(X):
    (a1,a2,a3,a4,a5) = (0.31938153, -0.356563782, 1.781477937,
     -1.821255978, 1.330274429)
    L = abs(X)
    K = 1.0 / (1.0 + 0.2316419 * L)
    w = 1.0 - 1.0 / sqrt(2*pi)*exp(-L*L/2.) * (a1*K + a2*K*K + a3*pow(K,3) +
    a4*pow(K,4) + a5*pow(K,5))
    if X<0:
        w = 1.0-w
    return w

I tried to modify the working BS function to accept data from a df but seem to have done something wrong:
def BS(df):
    d1 = (log(S/X)+(.001+v*v/2)*T)/(v*sqrt(T))
    d2 = d1-v*sqrt(T)
    return pd.Series((S*CND(d1)-X*exp(-.001*T)*CND(d2)))

my data is very straight forward:
In [13]:
df

Out[13]:
    S    X   T    r    v
0  100  100  1  0.001  0.3
1   50   50  1  0.001  0.3

and are all float64
In [14]:

df.dtypes
Out[14]:
S    float64
X    float64
T    float64
r    float64
v    float64
dtype: object

I aslo tried assigning the df variables to a name before sending to BS2 (I did this way and without this assignment:
S=df['S']
X=df['X']
T=df['T']
r=df['r']
v=df['v']

at the risk of sending too much info, here is the error message:
In [18]:

BS(df)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-18-745e7dd0eb2c> in <module>()
----> 1 BS(df)

<ipython-input-17-b666a39cd530> in BS(df)
  3 def BS(df):
  4     CallPutFlag='c'
----> 5     d1 = (log(S/X)+(.001+v*v/2)*T)/(v*sqrt(T))
  6     d2 = d1-v*sqrt(T)
  7     cp = ((S*CND(d1)-X*exp(-.001*T)*CND(d2)))

C:\Users\camcompco\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python34\site-   packages\pandas\core\series.py in wrapper(self)
 74             return converter(self.iloc[0])
 75         raise TypeError(
---> 76             "cannot convert the series to {0}".format(str(converter)))
 77     return wrapper
 78

TypeError: cannot convert the series to <class 'float'>

any assistance would be greatly appreciated.
John

A: I think it would be easier to use dataframe.apply()
http://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/dev/generated/pandas.DataFrame.apply.html
then the syntax would be df.apply(func, axis = 1) to apply the function func to each row.
The answer to this question is similar:
Apply function to each row of pandas dataframe to create two new columns

A: @JonD's answer is good, but here's an alternate answer that will be faster if you dataframe has more than a few rows:
from scipy.stats import norm

def BS2(df):
    d1 = (np.log(df.S/df.X)+(.001+df.v*df.v/2)*df['T'])/(df.v*np.sqrt(df['T']))
    d2 = d1-df.v*np.sqrt(df['T'])
    return (df.S*norm.cdf(d1)-df.X*np.exp(-.001*df['T'])*norm.cdf(d2))

Changes:

*

*Main point is to vectorize the function.  Syntax-wise the main change is to explicitly use numpy versions of sqrt, log, and exp.  Otherwise you don't have to change much because numpy/pandas support basic math operations in an elementwise manner.

*Replaced user-written CND with norm.cdf from scipy.  Much faster b/c built in functions are almost always as fast as possible.

*This is minor, but I went with shortcut notation on df.X and others, but df['T'] needs to be written out since df.T would be interpreted as df.transpose().  I guess this is a good example of why you should avoid the shortcut notation but I'm lazy...

Btw, if you want even more speed, the next thing to try would be to do it in numpy rather than pandas.  You could also check if others have already written Black-Scholes functions/libraries (probably, though I don't know anything about it).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


These are the first four words I heard from one of our newest Foundations program students when I walked into Northlake Elementary my first week on staff at Forerunner.
Are you my mentor? Are you here for me?
He didn't say it in desperation. It wasn't a cry for help. He was just interested to know why I sat down next to him instead of the other boys. He asked with hopeful eyes and joyful curiosity.
I told him, "No, I'm not your mentor, but your mentor will be here someday real soon." This is all true: I'm not his mentor, but my job is to find him one. Literally, that IS my job (check my email signature).
But his short, four word question made me believe in what we're doing in a fresh way. One of the phrases you'll hear often at Forerunner is, "Relationships Change Lives," which we believe wholeheartedly. But the ideas we usually have in our head when we say that are much too lofty. This phrase is more simple than you think. We need to add normal to that phrase.
Our boys aren't looking for extraordinary. They're looking for ordinary, commonplace father-figures. From our boy's perspective, if a mentor shows up to be with them, they've already made an impact. Average Joe mentors might as well be one of the Avengers in our boy's minds.
I'm here for you. To see you, to hear you, to know you.
I'm here to get down on your level and sit in your world.
I'm here to let you know you're doing a great job.
I'm here to ask you questions and engage your imagination.
I'm here to encourage you and speak truth into your life.
I'm here to spend time with you.
Your support means the world to us. Thank you for your generosity, for supporting the work we do, the relationships we make, and the lives we change. Normal relationships change lives. You make it happen.


text:
Feasibility and acceptability of reducing workplace sitting time: A qualitative study with Australian office workers
Open access via publisher
Hadgraft, N.
Brakenridge, C.
Lamontagne, A.
Fjeldsoe, B.
Lynch, B.
Dunstan, D.
Owen, N.
Healy, Genevieve
Lawler, S.
Hadgraft, N. and Brakenridge, C. and Lamontagne, A. and Fjeldsoe, B. and Lynch, B. and Dunstan, D. and Owen, N. et al. 2016. Feasibility and acceptability of reducing workplace sitting time: A qualitative study with Australian office workers. BMC Public Health. 16 (1).
School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science
© 2016 The Author(s).Background: Office workers spend a large proportion of their working hours sitting. This may contribute to an increased risk of chronic disease and premature mortality. While there is growing interest in workplace interventions targeting prolonged sitting, few qualitative studies have explored workers' perceptions of reducing occupational sitting outside of an intervention context. This study explored barriers to reducing office workplace sitting, and the feasibility and acceptability of strategies targeting prolonged sitting in this context. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of 20 office workers (50 % women), including employees and managers, in Melbourne, Australia. The three organisations (two large, and one small organisation) were from retail, health and IT industries and had not implemented any formalised approaches to sitting reduction. Questions covered barriers to reducing sitting, the feasibility of potential strategies aimed at reducing sitting, and perceived effects on productivity. Interviews were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Participants reported spending most (median: 7.2 h) of their working hours sitting. The nature of computer-based work and exposure to furniture designed for a seated posture were considered to be the main factors influencing sitting time. Low cost strategies, such as standing meetings and in-person communication, were identified as feasible ways to reduce sitting time and were also perceived to have potential productivity benefits. However, social norms around appropriate workplace behaviour and workload pressures were perceived to be barriers to uptake of these strategies. The cost implications of height-adjustable workstations influenced perceptions of feasibility. Managers noted the need for an evidence-based business case supporting action on prolonged sitting, particularly in the context of limited resources and competing workplace health priorities. Conclusions: While a number of low-cost approaches to reduce workplace sitting are perceived to be feasible and acceptable in the office workplace, factors such as work demands and the organisational social context may still act as barriers to greater uptake. Building a supportive organisational culture and raising awareness of the adverse health effects of prolonged sitting may be important for improving individual-level and organisational-level motivation for change.
Reducing occupational sitting: Workers' perspectives on participation in a multi-component intervention
Hadgraft, N.; Willenberg, L.; LaMontagne, A.; Malkoski, K.; Dunstan, D.; Healy, Genevieve; Moodie, M.; Eakin, E.; Owen, N.; Lawler, S. (2017)
© 2017 The Author(s). Background: Office workers spend much of their time sitting, which is now understood to be a risk factor for several chronic diseases. This qualitative study examined participants' perspectives ...
Iterative development of Stand Up Australia: A multi-component intervention to reduce workplace sitting
Neuhaus, M.; Healy, Genevieve; Fjeldsoe, B.; Lawler, S.; Owen, N.; Dunstan, D.; LaMontagne, A.; Eakin, E. (2014)
Background: Sitting, particularly in prolonged, unbroken bouts, is widespread within the office workplace, yet few interventions have addressed this newly-identified health risk behaviour. This paper describes the iterative ...
Perceptions of the acceptability and feasibility of reducing occupational sitting: Review and thematic synthesis 11 Medical and Health Sciences 1117 Public Health and Health Services
Hadgraft, N.; Brakenridge, C.; Dunstan, D.; Owen, N.; Healy, Genevieve; Lawler, S. (2018)
© 2018 The Author(s). Background: Reducing workplace sedentary behaviour (sitting) is a topic of contemporary public health and occupational health interest. Understanding workers' perspectives on the feasibility and ...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Okay, so the party encountered two Drow Elves that were willing to negotiate. They are holding hand crossbows pointed at the party as the parley commences. They discuss the dragon that is preventing them from heading back north in the caves.
The party and the Drow come to an agreement on the share of the dragon's treasure that they will split upon its slaying when the Bard PC's Player adds "not that the split matters, as we are going to kill them the moment the dragon is dispatched!"
At which point on of the Drow states "We appreciate your honesty" as they both fire their poisoned crossbow bolts at the party's fighters (and they missed) The drow are quickly dispatched.
The player in question initially argued "I didn't say that out loud" to which I responded "You were still negotiating. You most certainly did!"
We then discussed the whole "inner voice / outer voice" issue.
As I am the aforementioned bard in the group, I gotta say that was a good call. Made it exciting.
everyone, meet our low-Cha, low-Wis bard.
I see how you are. Sounds like a great game!
I don't usually do that, but I have to say, I like your rational and it makes total sense. I'm going to take up the Tenkar Method!
Great times... you made the right call.
I might have done the same thing, but not before rolling to see if the drow overheard him.


Immaculate home recently updated in sought-after Liberty Square subdivision. Perfect location near I-75 and minutes from downtown Acworth. Large master suite with walk-in closet. Hardwood in entry, kitchen & breakfast areas. Stainless steel appliances include new refrigerator and microwave. Fenced-in patio area. HOA does all lawn maintenance. Swim/tennis neighborhood. A must-see! No smokers please.


text:
Capsule Reviews of Timeless Classics for Kids
On vacation, we've spent a little bit of time indoctrinating Libby Lee into the canon of classic Disney. Not that it's our religion, but more that it's that thing that many parents do: showing your kids all your favorite childhood movies, so that they can be mildly impressed and you can see how well or poorly those "classics" hold up over time. So here's a few:
Malificent — I know, not a classic. Saw it by accident. Happened to be on a channel and we lingered there too long. Terrifying to adults and children alike, but Libby Lee was entranced the entire time. A reminder that movies today leave almost nothing to the imagination, which is too bad, because Malificent portrays cruelty, betrayal and vengeance in expert detail. As evidenced by trying to explain to my daughter who cut off Malificent's wings and why they did it. At least they give The Prince the boot.
The Jungle Book — Incites peals of laughter from a four-year-old. You don't need more of a review except to add the golden words "Louie Prima." A true classic.
Chitty Chitty Bang Bang – Ian Fleming + Roald Dahl = Why didn't we hire a better editor? At 2:24, it's full of greatness but somewhat overlong. Sally Ann Howe's Julie Andrews to Dick Van Dyke's Dick Van Dyke. In the incredible marionette dancing scene, LL insists that DVD is disguised as Michael Jackson. The Child Catcher elicited the most probing questions afterward (and an ensuing an explanation from me loosely themed "People" In Movies Aren't Real.")
Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory — Impossibly great, impervious to the ravages of time. Because: Gene Wilder, Roald Dahl. Because: Veruca Salt, Violet Beauregard. Having (accidentally) seen the more recent Charlie & The Chocolate Factory, first, Libby Lee reasoned: "That was when he was younger."
Peter Pan — Surprisingly racist and sexist, which wouldn't matter so much if it wasn't also kind of dumb. My memory of this classic was almost completely wrong. The crocodile is hilarious. I didn't remember Captain Hook being such a psychotic pussy, though. It's kind of fine because I don't think kids movies should be actually terrifying (like Malificent). Peter Pan pretends to be scary sometimes, which makes a weird sort of sense. But it's also kind of dumb. It's hard not to want to smack Wendy. And Peter, for that matter. Really, most of the characters. Except that funny crocodile.
CategoriesLibbylee
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This weeks feature was a dish I found while trying to figure out what to do with a purple cauliflower I had sitting in the fridge way too long.
The Curry Beef And Cauliflower was so amazing and vibrant! My husband literally walked into the kitchen, mouth watering, so ready to try this from all the wonderful smells coming from our kitchen.
The meat is seasoned with lovely hints of cinnamon and red pepper among other things and give it a nice mild spice tint. I really enjoyed the texture of crispy cauliflower with the potatoes. Just an all around homey feeling dish.
I can't wait for tomorrow because that means left overs 😋. Fine the recipe here.


17:30:21 <gH05t> is there a way to check if the request is originating from internal pages or from external source.
18:24:44 <teztmN> i have an json file to be send via a route only if request comes from any other pages and not directly. is is possible.
18:33:27 <gH05t> is there a way to see if the request made is from an internal page of from external source.


BlogHome » DUFL Blog » Customer Corner- Shaun B.
DUFLhead Shaun B. shares some insight on DUFL and how DUFL has changed her travel routine!
I read about DUFL in a magazine- I believe it was Oprah. I signed up right away!
For over a year! I would say since August 2015.
All of the time. Seriously, it's almost weekly.
Oh my god! I was not very organized, and I need organization. I used to have a very extensive packing list. Now, I just have a revised one of what necessities I need to bring with me (phone charger, computer, business cards). Every time I packed I would have this whole process of matching everything, planning outfits, going over scenarios…. Before DUFL came into my life, packing was VERY stressful and would take a long time.
Traveling doesn't stress me out anymore. I pack in the DUFL app a week before my trip and it takes less than 3 minutes. The amount of things I have left to actually bring with me on the plane is very minimal. It's nice to just get on the plane with my purse.
If you are using your DUFL closet for more than one trip (back to back), you should have three trips worth of clothing in your DUFL closet. Bottom line- keep more things in your closet, that way you have more to choose from if other suitcases are out on a trip.
I love that I am sent an umbrella! It's so handy! (I accidentally kept the umbrella last time and was so upset with myself for not returning it- I called customer service and told them I would return it- and they told me to keep it! It's my favorite umbrella now!) It's the little things like that- OH- and the DUFL Bits! I love trying new products and the snacks become really handy to throw in my purse. Also, I love the mental relief the DUFL store gives me… I don't have to stress out about running to the store if I know my toothpaste is almost out. It's the little things like that that really make a difference!
Innovative! but more than that- DUFL is my travel companion! As soon as I arrive at the hotel, I am looking forward to getting my DUFL!
I usually would be packing before a trip and it would be cutting into my work time, but instead of packing I can now get more work done! I am able to be more productive!
next post: Customer Corner- Carriane B.


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A Note from the Canaries
2020 is turning out to be an American annus horribilis. After political turmoil in January we had a viral pandemic that killed a hundred thousand Americans and crashed our economy, destroying 40 million jobs. In its wake we've had civil violence on a scale not seen since 1968. It seems that our nation — our civil contract — is falling apart. Let us hope and pray it is not.
Perhaps the most terrifying characteristic of this collapse is the precipitous loss of ordinary civility and ordinary conventions of interpersonal conduct. Diversity of opinion is not tolerated, and dissenters from the mob are routinely hounded out of their jobs. Groupthink is mandatory in many sectors of our society, particularly (ironically) in academia. Simply to speak up to question orthodoxy is to invite professional and even personal ruin. It is undeniable that there is a totalitarian flavor to this forced orthodoxy.
Orwellian Science
For those of us in the intelligent design movement, this is not new. This emerging Orwellian society is just a grand version of the Orwellian science we ID folks have been dealing with for the past couple of decades. In science, and especially in evolutionary biology, there has been a progressive loss of ordinary civility and ordinary conventions of scientific conduct. Challenging Darwinian groupthink in the biology community — merely asking questions about the adequacy of Darwinian theory to explain all of life — is professional suicide. Diversity of scientific opinion is not tolerated, and dissenters from the Darwinian mob have been hounded out of their jobs. Simply to speak up to question Darwinian orthodoxy is to invite professional and personal ruin — subjecting Darwinian orthodoxy to an objective discussion of the evidence is unthinkable in most public schools — and scientists — professional colleagues who should be devoted to academic freedom and open discussion — will testify that you should be silenced by legal force.
Forced Darwinian orthodoxy was the first glimmer of a much larger project now gaining stride. We in the ID movement have been fighting censorship, mandated orthodoxy and professional destruction of dissenters for quite a while. Most Americans are well-intentioned and support the ID perspective, but have not been motivated to work actively for the cause of academic freedom. It is now clear that forced orthodoxy in science and in our society as a whole threatens all of us. ID proponents have been the canaries in this coal mine. Now that the spread of this cancer is obvious to all, we ask others in the scientific community and in America as a whole to join us in the struggle to preserve freedom of speech and thought and respect for diversity of opinion in our schools and universities and in our nation.
Photo credit: Andreas P. via Unsplash.
Senior Fellow, Center for Natural & Artificial Intelligence
Michael R. Egnor, MD, is a Professor of Neurosurgery and Pediatrics at State University of New York, Stony Brook, has served as the Director of Pediatric Neurosurgery, and award-winning brain surgeon. He was named one of New York's best doctors by the New York Magazine in 2005. He received his medical education at Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and completed his residency at Jackson Memorial Hospital. His research on hydrocephalus has been published in journals including Journal of Neurosurgery, Pediatrics, and Cerebrospinal Fluid Research. He is on the Scientific Advisory Board of the Hydrocephalus Association in the United States and has lectured extensively throughout the United States and Europe.
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academic freedomannus horribiliscensorshipCOVID-19Darwinian orthodoxydiversityeconomyevolutionary biologyfree speechintelligent designOrwellian sciencepandemicpublic schoolsUnited Statesuniversities


An economic recession is based on a negative growth in gdp for two consecutive groups. In other words, the yucky domestic products are reducing in production. Recession can be a national or planet even regional occasion.
Economic recession lasts through six months until annually or two, which could be the worst time period for a recession. Based about the experience of the United States using its last three recessions, the labor- market recession would last between three or four years. (Schmitt and Chef, 2008) with the real recession only happening for more than a year and a half. The effects of a recession could possibly be felt longer than your span of the recession alone.
There are several telltale indicators that a nation or even region is going through economic recession. MarketWatch lists seven things to watch out for to be full-warned for an economic recession event.
Accoding to MarketWatch, it is important to look at the increase of interest rates in the credit market. Lenders tend to be tightening lending guidelines because of market troubles. Companies not coming to a profits is another sign of a recession.
additionally increasing. But the shares and property price is going down but nobody is purchasing them.
Housing problems and also foreclosures are also obvious indicators. Foreclosures happen when we and consumers are not able to pay mortgage and finance homes. Borrowers are neglecting to pay back loans regarding homes, vehicles, companies and credit cards. Even banking institutions and credit unions are really missing out payments for their obligations due to borrowers struggling to repay their loans.
There is also a relative boost of people truing to pay their own bills with credit credit cards. Credit card purchase is increasing. This means that people are having troubles paying cash. Using credit card to pay for financial loans despite excessive rate of interest shows desperation.
Customer spending or making sure that the money from the customers return to the economic climate is also something to check on. Government intervention in economic crisis resulting to fruitless efforts can also be a warning.
There's also a relative increase regarding unemployed people. During an event of a recession, organizations tend to release staff due to low creation demand. Low production desire means lesser income for the company entrepreneurs. Companies and firms are after that obliged to release staff to reach the target income. For the last seven a long time, unemployment has been increasing steadfast in the United States. All round employment, which is nonetheless high is historical terms, is declining since the start of '08.
So how can regular people foresee economic downturn?
AOL listed a few interesting real life indications that we are experiencing economic recession. People are stealing not merely the whole car however different car components from vehicles inside parking lots. An instance is a catalytic converter, which will help the cars emissions. Meanwhile, inside retail stores, lesser people are shopping for goods. They are now opting for wholesale store membership.
Personal and family matters, like weddings, are also being regulated with regards to guests and meals. While corporations are usually cutting back on country club memberships and on vacation travels.
Car companies are having difficulties acquiring buyers even with lots of incentives. Suddenly, typically the most popular restaurants in town does not have any waiting list in any way. Small and local business are usually closing because they cant take care of the expenditure.
There can be many ways of figuring out if your nation is suffering from a setback such as an economic recession. But if these kinds of signs can be right away detected and can provide us with a hint on the economic and economic future, then we should be better learn how to see the signs. Or we may not have the future.
I am carrying out a paper in my business class and also have to describe the way the subprime financial loans brought to the present economic decline. Thanks!
hi all.. i must take part in an elocution competition around the ninth of December. the subject really is Economic Decline And It Is IMPACTS.i've no clue from it since i have haven't elected commerce as my subject. and so i need impressive points which may be spoken for around a few minutes. thanks ahead of time.
I've already taken some financial aspects courses at college but nonetheless curious about the long run duration of the present economic recession. Because the unemployment rate is a reasonably tough problem at this time as information mill reducing, I'm always worried about my future careers.
May also anybody let me know what we should can perform to battle against it as being people? Try a larger investment in order to spend less?
P.S. I'm in Canada however i think Europe can also be impacted by this economic decline to some degree.
Exactly what do think triggered the U.S economic decline ???
I do not care if this began…2000 or 2001…what triggered it?
A lot of my buddies and co-workers happen to be talking about the worldwide recession increasingly more, recently. Just about all the same factor, "I question when this is over" again and again I keep hearing this.
——–This is exactly what has stimulated this comment (yes, it is not an issue, report it if you would like). Anyway, since i have follow overseas news stations that relate on banking mergers and country talks (example: france, kuwait, saudi..along with other nations), I believed I'd inform the uniformed.
The current recession will finish once the globalization efforts have been successful. When? Well, I am unable to say without a doubt, but based on factual proof of bank and country efforts to improve the concentration of the procedure, I'd assume the earth's economic functionality is going to be *permitted* (yes, I'm showing this crisis is orchestrated) to resume (succeed) ultimately of 2009-mid 2010.
P.s. I am not searching for you to definitely agree or disagree beside me, I want no reassurance of my findings, rather, I believed I'd inform individuals whom might be unsure….
Go how you wish to, you can call me names and insult me, also believe free, if you're conscious of reality, to share with and ensure my findings.
I hear talk of methods we are around the edge of entering an economic downturn, and I'm wondering how that will affect jobs, prices of products, etc, within our everyday existence.


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Podcast: 10. Craig Houin - In-Season Tool Round-Up
There always needs to be some people on the leading edge of technology adoption, to help guide the rest of us through that tech's value proposition. Craig Houin, Data and Innovation Lead at Sunrise Cooperative, has always been my go-to person to experiment new technology with and learn alongside. In Episode 10 of Precision Points, I discuss the key tools Sunrise Cooperative, an Ag Retailer, uses for in-season diagnostics. From tools they have used for years, to things they are exploring today, this comprehensive in-season tool round-up wraps up our first season of Precision Points.
Craig has been a leader in adopting crop models into how he builds out recommendations for growers. He uses both AdaptN which is Cornell's nitrogen model, and the Field Forecasting Tool from WinField United. AdaptN uses pre-existing inform
ation on the field to build out spatial N application maps. FFT usings forward looking modeling to predict the crops needs and potential. These tools in combination help increase their nitrogen efficiency by ensuring there is an adequate amount for the predicted crop.
"We start that in the spring and work with the grower in understanding what the potential is for the year and how we're going to manage it throughout the season," said Craig. "So we've done that, and continue to do that all the way till post-tassel is when we really stop looking at the nitrogen models from a perspective of nitrogen management because once brown silk shows up, there's nothing more that we can do in our region."
Craig mentioned the "story" that is playing out in the models so far this year. With the cooler weather and timely planting for most growers in his area, he said they are noticing very high nitrogen mineralization rates. This is resulting in lower in-season application requirements. Typically the upfront or side-dress N isn't changing but it is impacting how growers would determine to make later season, usually around V7-VT applications of Nitrogen.
Craig also mentioned that when we got into the dry-spell in the end of June through the beginning of July, we noticed a big difference in fields that were variable rate planted. Some years, this decision can be tough to quantify visually but especially in later planted fields, areas with variable rate seedings seem to be showing less visible stress than those that were flat-rate planted.
One of the new tools Craig is exploring this year is the Flir One thermal imaging camera. Below is a quick video demonstrating how the heat is transferred to the plant leaves, and how long it takes to regulate back to its initial temperature.
"It's interesting to see how plants respond to heat and the temperature differences between the soil temp and the canopy temp and the air temperature and the canopy temp," Craig mentioned in regards to healthy plant tissue. "I didn't realize that a canopy would be eight to 12 degrees cooler than the air."
Craig is hoping information from the measurements they are taking from the camera this year will give them some insights on how to apply this information in the future. Seeing some differences in healthy vs diseased tissue is one thing they will be looking at to determine if this camera can help them capture the value of fungicides or making fungicides decisions moving forward.
I'm glad we have people like Craig in the precision world to test new things and see how they could fit for agronomy purposes. His work definitely has pushed me in my career to think about new tech with an optimistic perspective. To learn more about Craig and his work you can find him at Sunrise Cooperative, or on twitter.
Have you used thermal imaging or crop models? Leave a review here.
Host: Morgan Seger
Guest: Craig Houin, Data and Innovation Lead at Sunrise Cooperative
Morgan Seger: (00:22)
Welcome back to Precision Points, an agtech podcast from precisionagreviews.com. I'm your host, Morgan Seger, and in each episode, we strive to bring you unbiased agtech information and ideas, and on today's episode, I'm excited to have one of my longterm friends and colleagues, Craig Houin. Now, Craig has been working in precision ag for the last 11 years and really was my go-to guy for anything new in technology. Today, we break down some of the in-season tools that he has been using to help growers make better management decisions, specifically when it comes to managing population and nitrogen. He also gives us a sneak peek into some of the tools he's been playing with this summer as he's trying to figure out if they will have a good fit for agriculture and the growers that he's trying to serve.
Now, before we get into this episode, I wanted to take a minute to talk about precisionagreviews.com. As you know, every episode starts with me telling you that this is an agtech podcast from precisionagreviews.com, but if you're not familiar with Precision Ag Reviews, I really encourage you to check it out. It's essentially a hub of grower-sourced reviews on all things ag technology and precision ag. It's designed to serve growers like us so we can find unbiased information and learn from each other and each other's experiences with precision ag products. If you haven't been there, I encourage you go to precisionagreviews.com. While you're there, please leave a review. We love building our database so we can better serve growers like you. Now, here's my interview with Craig Houin.
Welcome back to Precision Points. Today on the show, I have my close friend and longterm colleague, Craig Houin, and Craig, I'm so excited to be back on a podcast with you. Welcome to the show.
Craig Houin: (02:06)
Thanks, Morgan. I'm glad to be here. I just have to share this great experience that we had doing the podcast. Since you asked, I've been thinking about what I'm going to say. I'm looking forward to the conversation.
Yes. Yes, me, too. For those of you who maybe don't know, Craig and I co-hosted a podcast called Precision Vision a couple of years ago when we were working together before I left my corporate job and it was a lot of fun and we really got to get our hands on new technology and one of the things that Craig was always really good at is being the first one to try something new, so honestly, that's part of why our relationship worked as well as it did, because we were always looking for someone to try things, be our beta tester, and from the software that we were using to the HoloLens that you use from Microsoft, all of these different projects, you were always game to be on, so I'm excited to talk through some of that today.
What I was hoping to do is do an in-season tool roundup, so talk through all of the things that you use as a retailer, but before we get into that, do you mind giving just a little bit more of your background, what you do, and how you got to where you are today?
Yeah, I've been in agriculture my whole life, small scale and large scale, went to college at Purdue, met my wife, moved to Ohio, but I grew up on a small farm, then worked in retail in a co-op before I went to Purdue at a feed mill and I did some agronomy work there and then got into economics and I really enjoyed economics an awful lot on the agricultural side and the analytics of it was really intriguing to me.
When we moved over to Ohio, which is where my wife is from, I was just trying to find work and I did a little bit of everything. I worked at a manufacturing company where I did international purchasing for a bit and did inventory management, just trying to figure the right inventory quantity to keep in hand and that kind of stuff. There's a lot of math with that, too, and some analysis, so it just kept me sharp.
It took me a little while to get back into agriculture, which is where I wanted to be from the very beginning and I started working in retail on a branch level and did some management there, both within departments and then also at a branch manager and then left that and went to work for a farmer and he wanted somebody to get their head around and hands on precision agriculture and how he could learn from it and benefit from it on his operation and that was really the start of my fourth life, I think, and it just taken off from there. It's been a phenomenal experience, understanding how fields work spatially and using some of my manufacturing background and my economic background has enabled me to look at it from a different perspective and figure out how we can manage that acre a lot better to be more productive.
We did that for a couple of years and then Sunrise Cooperative had a position open with a brand new location, so I got into that, and they've just given me the freedom to learn all these new things and to take it to growers and to see how they take it and how they utilize it and how we could develop a better relationship from that and make them better farmers.
Awesome. When was that when you started working with the grower, if you don't mind me asking? Or how many years have you been working in precision ag?
I always forget what year that was. I'm thinking it was 2009 was my first growing season in precision ag. I started that winter before, so like January, February of '09, I think, is when I started doing it, so it's been a really fast ride and I've come a long way, but it's...
It's crazy to think probably how much you've seen change in the last 11 years.
Yeah, maybe it has. It's going to continue to change, but it's been fun. It's been a lot of fun. At my age, I should not be having as much fun in my job.
Well, I know that you get to work not only with the precision team at Sunrise, but you also get to work directly with some growers. Do you mind just walking us through things that you are looking at this summer or if there's anything new that you've been trying?
Well, we gave up on looking at the rain gauge because it was not changing, it was pretty dry. About the end of June, it really dried off middle of June. We've gotten a few showers here and there. Now, the wonder is what we're going to do as far as growth and where it's coming from.
We started off the year, and I guess I should back up, we start off the year looking at our variable rate scripts for planting. We look at nitrogen management plans. How do they want to utilize the different tools that we have? We have two different crop models that we look at for nitrogen management. We use Field Forecasting Tool and we also use Adapt-N and we couple them together for specific reasons and that works out really well for most all of our growers.
They see the value in Field Forecasting Tool and giving that forward look on not only weather, but what's the potential outcome of the year and what are some areas that we could improve and what are some challenge areas we have because FFT is extremely visual and it does an extremely good job of helping a grower hand to retailer see what the challenges we're going to be facing, what have we faced so far this year, and is there anything we could do to mitigate the risk of going forward with that crop. We always want to push it for the next. Looking at that in a visual format allows us to monitor and really pulls the emotion out of any decisions we have, but it allows us to really push that acre to the next level.
We look at Adapt-N and if you're not familiar with Adapt-N, it's a nitrogen model, it's the old Cornell model from back in the day. It's been around for a long, long time and the beauty of that one is it's a spatial, it gives a spatial recommendation and you can do it on 30-30 grids, you could do it on zones, you can do it however you'd like to do it. I prefer grids. But it goes through the calculations of what weather's hit that field, what characteristics does that field have, what's the management of it, population, intended yield, so we're utilizing the information we have in our GIS software, which is Ag Studio, and pushing that historical yield into Adapt-N to get that spatial expectation of yield and then let the model work on measuring the organic matter that we put in, what the weather's been to hit that with the likelihood of mineralization and things of that nature.
We start that in the spring and work with the grower in understanding what the potential is for the year and how we're going to manage it throughout the season, so we've done that and continue to do that all the way till post-tassel is when we really stop looking at the nitrogen models from a perspective of nitrogen management because once brown silk shows up, there's nothing more that we can do in our region. There's some things that can be done in other regions, but the nitrogen component is pretty much done at that point in time, but nitrogen is always a big conversation point, fungicide is a big conversation point, but just bringing to the grower a different perspective and a different way of managing those nutrients and pulling emotion out of decisions has been our primary goal.
Oh, sure. Yeah, especially those in-season decisions. It's one thing when we make our plan, but then when it comes time to pull the trigger on something that we may or may not need, it does tend to pull out more emotions and makes us maybe second-guess our decisions, so having those tools is really handy. I know I'm hearing you talk through your experience with Adapt-N and Field Forecasting previously, lots of times, those tools help you craft some generalizations about the season or the story for that season. Is there anything you've seen for the 2020 growing season that's really sticking out for your geography?
Yeah, a lot of early-season N-mineralization from the soil. We had a lot of really good rains that they were not... Grandpa called them "gully washers." We haven't had any big gully washers yet this year and early in the spring, we had a lot of nice timely rain. The soils were cooler, didn't get extremely hot until the end of May, 1st of June is when it started to warm up a little bit. We had a really cold spell through the middle part of May and it just seemed like that enabled the soil to stay in that prime temperature zone and moisture level. We had tremendous, tremendous mineralization going on and it's carried us through a lot of the seasons, so it's helped us look at nitrogen management in that regard that we're able to see some really, really good nutrient use efficiencies with what we were looking at in May and June, so that was a big story at the very beginning.
Getting it planted, getting everything done correctly, not mudded in, which a lot of people had some good opportunities not to mud it in this year, I think planting went really well. We had some areas of replant, but not as extensive as it's been in the past, and everybody got planted for the most part. There's a few people that didn't down in the Southern region, but we had some growers in Northwest Ohio that remember 2019. They didn't want to do that again, so they got out early. There's a lot of guys down in Northwest Ohio done first week of May, which is unheard of, but they had the opportunity to do it and they ran with it, which is great. We had some guys in Southern Ohio that couldn't do that. They were planting on June 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th because the rains kept them out of the field the whole spring and they didn't get that opportunity to wrap things up.
It was so interesting to see what the weather patterns were this year earlier in the spring and just what the reaction of the crops were to the available nitrogen that the soil generated was, was really, really interesting to look at this year.
Now that we come into the dry spell, our early planted corn is still looking really good, our late-planted corn, you can see some stress in it from time to time, but I've seen a lot of positive field response to variable rate planting and this year I think exemplifies that a lot more than previous years we've had because everything got a good start and now we're getting stress, so a lot of the straight rate fields that I see, you'll see pockets of stress points, and in all honesty, those areas are areas that we would have a low population on corn and so that plant would have a better root system, it would not be competing with its neighbor for the available water, which is less in those areas, and it just seems to have a better stock diameter. We have a better root system and I think a better yield potential for those areas of the field, so I see a lot of value in the technology on that, too.
Gotcha. That's interesting how you're seeing it play through right now with the variable rate planting, but to go back to your increased N-mineralization in the spring, I have a two-part question: Did you see that playing on yields at all and did you see it impacting recommendations for third application or late season nitrogen?
Yeah, we saw it on both. Early on, we had really good yield predictions, almost fantasy-like in a lot of our trade area, especially when you look at North Central Ohio, the US 30 corridor's a pretty good splitting point for us in Northern Ohio, even over into my neighborhood south of Wester, still along that US 30 corridor, we had really good opportunities, and so the early season yield predictions were in Field Forecasting Tool were higher than I really felt comfortable going to the grower with. I didn't question it yet, but it was almost too good to believe in some cases, and so as you go through and look at that, you see weather forecast changes, everything changes, so yield started to drop off a little bit, but at that moment, we saw a lot in the models, we saw a lot of very good and it didn't matter which one we looked at. Adapt-N had very good nitrogen recommendations and it was calling for less than what we anticipated or what our previous plan was, so that was a big deal there.
We saw it in the crop, also. The crop just responded extremely well where we had a lot of mineralization, had good early growth. Even though the cool temperatures, the plants still had a very good foundation to it, very good color, and you could just tell the crops were responding to that. Even if it just had a starter or a popup, two by two, whatever the case was, even if it just had that, it looked extremely good all the way out to V5, V6, and then you can really start to adjust your nitrogen recommendations, that side dress.
Field Forecasting Tool let us know that we weren't going to need as much nitrogen and we're still that way, but now the yields are starting to come down a little bit, but overall, the model showed us that we really didn't need that much nitrogen this year, but I did have a grower that really questioned it hard and he's on board with everything we did and then once we got into the field and started side-dressing, I was getting phone calls: "This is not what we planned. This is not as much as we usually do. This is not our normal game plan," and I said, "We're going to do four or five fields with the models. This is what the goal was, the objective was. I could bump it up, you could bump it up. We can do whatever we need to do." They bumped up a little bit, a fair amount, and ran with it, but the models are still colored that they don't need much more, and their crop is not showing that they need much more, but it's been-
Gotcha, and so-
... Go ahead.
... Oh, I was just going to say, and when you say it's not showing you need more, it's not that it wouldn't yield more with more nitrogen, it's that your economics start to slip on the nitrogen allocation, right?
Yeah. Yeah, your return on investment drops, so your marginal gain for every unit of nitrogen you're putting on, you're getting less response in yield. Our biggest response to yield right now is water and unfortunately, we don't have irrigation in my neighborhood, but that's our most limiting factor right now is water, especially looking at the forecasting tool, when you go out to R1, R2, out towards R4, when you're looking at that grain fill, you need some water to fill that grain, so it's not quite there right now.
My spot with the growers at this point in time is you could pray for rain. The model is culling at this yield and if nothing else is yield-limiting, you're going to see pretty close to that in some way, shape, or form. I mean, that's not the yield that's predicted, and Field Forecasting Tool is by no means a guarantee, it is to give you some perspective of what's possible, right? But it's only measuring nitrogen, water, and potassium. Everything else around that is out of the model, so that cannot be yield-limiting.
If you're going to really strive for the yield that's put in there, you still need to take care of that crop in every other way, and they understand that, the growers I work with understand that, and they've seen the benefit of the models that we're using. We've used Field Forecasting for quite a few years and Adapt-N in for about the same amount of time, so it's an interesting combination to have those two together and then bring it to the grower.
Mm-hmm (affirmative). Are you using either of those on soybeans or wheat or any other crops or are you just mostly focusing on corn?
We had a trial with Adapt-N this spring on wheat and we started that one late, so it was not fair to try, but it was a good experience. I mean, it really worked out well for us to give it a shot. Now, we can go into the 2021 crop and focus better on that.
Field Forecasting Tool has a soybean model that we've used. It's still got a little ways to go. Amazingly enough, I put the correct information in there. I don't always pull a tissue test, but dang, that thing gets close, you know? It's interesting to watch, but on soybeans, nitrogen is not a big game-changer. If you're managing populations, it's not a big game-changer, and the potassium is a big deal, but that's an early season play, so no, we don't do a lot with soybeans in the Field Forecasting Tool yet.
Gotcha. Now, jumping back to what you were saying, that you could tell your variable rate seeding was effective this year because you were seeing pockets of stress, is that just you boots on the ground scouting fields? Is there any technology or tools you're using to identify those areas of stress now?
Well, right now, that piece of it is a Ford Explorer at 55 miles an hour. Like I said, these are fields that I'm not touching. I touch fields I script, which is a fair number of acres, so I'm putting boots on the ground in fields I have scripts on. I'm not seeing a lot of drought stress yet in those fields.
The biggest stress I see is from one of two to three things, either there was a misapplication on nitrogen, I had one grower, he had a knife that would plug with this ammonia toolbar and every once in a while, you could see it. To this day, you can see it, and that was pre-plant. Another case is they got back in the field just a day too early after a rain and the sea trench was open, didn't close right, a lot of number of things that took place. The seed still germinated, it emerged later than its neighbors, so that's still visible, and the third one is if there was any kind of issue with the pop-up or the two by two. It all comes down to management on that stuff and just luck of the draw in some cases, but those are my big challenges that I see.
When I see the stress points, those are fields I know the background on, but I don't work with them, so I'm not going to go walk in somebody's field for the heck of it, but I do know the population they were planted at and I do know a straight rate and you can see curling and some spots and wide open leaves in others and just the experience I have, I know that's yield-limiting right there. That could be resolved with correct population and putting it in the right place, so that's what I see.
Some toys I do get to play with, I think this is what you're getting at, is I've gotten a couple of new toys this year, one I've not gotten to play with, but it's sitting behind me and I've had a lot of trouble keeping the case closed, but I got a new drone the other day at a seed plot training, of all places. The guy looked across the tent at me and said, "How are you doing on your drones license?" and I was like, "Oh, I'm getting there," and he said, "Good, you can have mine," so I got that. I'm taking the test, I got to get my license, but wish me luck on that. It's got a multi-spectral camera on it and it'll generate NDVI image and also NRGB. NDVI, just like any other imagery, you'll get your greens, yellows, and reds, but that tells you a lot of the weak spots in the field.
The nice thing about a drone is that it gives you a tighter look and you and I have talked for years on drones and you got to be able to scale the imagery and that's one of the beauties with R7 is it scales to the equipment that we're using. A drone is hard to scale that to the equipment you're using, but if you have an area in the field that you'd really like to evaluate and it's not something you can fix today, but you want to look deeper into that, I think there's some value there. I just got it, like I said. We're learning the value proposition of a drone, just like everybody else is. You talk to retailers out there across the country and they'll tell you the drone is fun to play with, but we haven't found a marketable asset yet, so that's one thing we're going to play with and try and figure out.
A lot of people I've talked to on the drone say there's two timings that are ideal for a drone and pay for itself real quick is doing stand counts early in the spring and tassel counts. I haven't quite seen the value yet in tassel counts. Maybe I'll find that out in a couple of weeks. I really see the value proposition of a stand count early on where you get the entire field done in a short amount of time, and I don't know, maybe you can go and do a replant script just on those areas, but you would know your acreage you'd need, you'd know your population you'd need, so I think that could be extremely valuable for a grower and also for a retailer to provide that kind of service, so looking forward, that's something I'd like to learn more about and play with.
My other toy I got, which I broke already, I got a backup, but it's a FLIR ONE camera, it's a thermal camera. That's interesting to see how plants respond to heat and the temperature differences between the soil temp and the canopy temp and the air temperature and the canopy temp is pretty interesting to look at in healthy plants. I didn't realize that a canopy would be eight to 12 degrees cooler than the air and so we're looking at that and it measures your heat signature really good. I think I sent you the video that I made where we just ran our fingers across the leaf and videoed how long it took to cool down and the interesting thing, the first week we did it, it took about 10 seconds. This week, it took about 15 to 20 seconds.
Don't know what any of that means yet. I think at the end of the season when we start looking at what we've seen, what we've learned, the data we collect, tracking temperatures through the whole process, air temperature, soil temperature, canopy temperature, and seeing if there's any correlation somewhere, we'll figure it out, but we got to collect the numbers before you can do anything, so that's one of the things we're looking at.
Sure. It seems like the temperature would be related to plant health. Are you looking at anything like treated with a fungicide versus untreated or different hybrids or anything specific like that?
Yes. That's the goal is fungicide treated/untreated. One thing with the Field Forecasting Tool that I have played with a little bit, sometimes if you beg and plead long enough, they'll turn something on for you, so they're testing that disease-risk model. It's not something that's going to tell you it's there, but they'll tell you the risk is there. I want to see what that looks like and then go to the field and see how long it takes for the lesions to show up, but I know the canopy temperature will indicate that there's an infection, that the plant is fighting something. It's just like the human with a fever, so my thought is if you treat it as the temperature is going up, you might have a better opportunity for success than if you wait for it to come down and show the lesion. That'd be like trying to get an antibiotic when you already have the cold sore. It doesn't make much sense to me. That's one thing I'm just playing with. I have no idea if will ever materialize, but I think it might be interesting to at least look at and investigate.
Sure. Well, I think you've gotten pretty good at that role, right? You take things on to see what type of benefit it can have, specifically around ag and precision ag and see if it works. I mean, if we're not trying things, we'll never know.
That's right. That's right. I mentioned before we started recording, this year, I've gotten toys. It's like Christmas every day right now. I call them "toys," I play with them, but it's for serious work, but you got to love your job to do it, and I think I got that.
Awesome. Well, I am so grateful that you took the time to be on today. If someone wants to follow along with some of the things you're trying out, where would you recommend they go?
That's a good question. I am on Twitter, @houinfarm. I'm not on there as much as I should be, but I do tweet once in a while and I use that as my work platform more than anything else. I will be putting some stuff on later this summer, so keep an eye out for that.
You could email me or anything like that or just go to Twitter and find me and talk to me there, that'd be great.
Perfect, and I will link out to in our show notes, if anyone wants to reach out to you.
Awesome. Appreciate it.
Well, thanks for keeping us up to date on what you are trying and have a great rest of your day.
All right. Thanks, Morgan. Enjoy.
Well, I always have fun catching up with Craig and I hope you enjoyed listening to our discussion around in-season tools. After we stopped recording, we actually had a nice conversation about using drone imagery. Now, as you recall in our conversation, he said that "I've always been of the mindset of high-resolution imagery is great, but it needs to be able to scale to the size of equipment that we are working with," and he said that drone imagery is maybe too high of resolution to really scale to today's equipment, but as we continue to work through smaller and more autonomous equipment, I can see high-resolution imagery that you can get on the go becoming even more valuable, so that combined with the other crop models and things that he's using, I think it's really going to be a powerful force for the growers he's trying to serve.
Thank you so much for spending this time with us and listening to another episode of Precision Points. Don't forget to go to precisionagreviews.com to check out the grower-sourced reviews that we've collected or leave a review of your own. We would really appreciate it. Let's grow together.
Morgan Seger spent ten years working with ag retail, specifically in ag tech. She lives and farms in western Ohio, where she has four children with her husband Ben. Morgan, has her own blog called Heart and Soil where she talks about her experience farming, gardening, and raising her family.
Guest: Craig Houin
Craig grew up on a small grain and livestock farm which eventually led him to Purdue University to study Agricultural Economics. Craig moved to Ohio with his wife where they started a small livestock farm with their 3 kids. Craig strives to grow precision technologies on the farm level through interaction with farmers and technology providers. He firmly believes precision technologies will improve farm level decisions through the understanding of current practices to improve environmental and economic impacts while helping the consumer's understanding of agriculture.
Ep. 56: Ag Tech Trends to Watch for in 2023 with Jeremy Wilson
Ep. 55: Using Spray Technology for Site-Specific Crop Management with Simer Virk, Ph.D.
Ep. 54: The Importance of Ag Data with Joshlin Yoder


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Wars are being fought for ideological reasons – especially for religious beliefs, whether they be Christians, Hindus, Jews, Moslems or others who refer to their Gods by different names and all believe that their God is on their side.
By referring to a general 'Godhead' or 'Supreme Intelligence', we identify the Creator of the Universe without a name. In this way, we avoid rivalry, prejudice and generations of bitter quarrels.
'Oneness' avoids the 'brand' which identifies a person by their religion yet promotes 'spirituality' per se. 'Oneness' unites and equalises all people and yet recognises our responsibilities to make our world a better place for everyone through caring, justice, peace, truth and other necessary values.
As we progress, we understand more about our world which has been created with interdependency needs. In our present world of self-centredness, hierarchy and war, 'oneness' is a vision of a possible future to work towards where justice and peace can be achieved.
Yes, individuals must do this, either alone or collectively, eventually because there is no alternative to part of the world having gross wealth and causing huge pollution and the other, far larger part, starving and suffering.
To offer oneness to farm animals, we can avoid eating them, we can campaign for whales and other creatures that are mercilessly slaughtered, perhaps work towards rehoming abandoned domestic pets in shelters, fight for better health and conditions for pets in general. For those people suffering from poverty in countries without free education or health care, we can send money for their education and health.
Thank you for your posts, Diana! I am only just learning about what Oneness means. It is such a new philosophy that many people have asked me what is it all about.
Hi Wendy, nice to hear back from you and apologies for not responding before, but I was enjoying the nice Easter break with my husband, family and friends.
Your questions bring many opportunities to continue practicing oneness and other qualities like understanding and moving on.
1. How do we deal with those who do not wish for unity?
Oneness begins in the individual, continues in groups and ends in totality.
When an individual accomplishes oneness a variety of openings occur that lead into gaining oneness with groups and this leads into gaining oneness with the totality. It is a process that takes time to accomplish.
Achieving oneness with those who do not wish for unity is a matter of time, patience and allowing the results of the work of those who do want oneness to inter-penetrate those who don't, transforming their subtle structures to the point of opening them to want unity.
Wanting oneness is made possible by doing the work the Divine, Spiritual and Physical help guide us to do, to achieve oneness and maintain it.
2. How do we unite and share with those who have nothing but poverty?
Poverty is caused by separation from the High Self. Poverty is eliminated by achieving oneness with the High Self. For someone to achieve oneness with the High Self, that someone needs to want to achieve this. For someone to want to achieve this requires receiving the waves of the work that other do as mentioned in the first question above.
3. How do we incorporate those who wish to exploit and do harm?
The answer to this question is very much like the previous ones. They need to receive the waves of the work that others do in relation to oneness to inter-penetrate their subtle structures which eventually will take them to want oneness and therefore exploitation and harm will be dissolved. The Divine, Spiritual and Physical Help respond to your asking by sending dormant everything that is not ready to be dealt with and ensure guiding you on actions needed when readiness is reached. Exploitation and harm are 2 elements of discord that require sending dormant until the time is ready to sort them out. This time is expected to be in 2012 with the Big Opening everyone everywhere is going to encounter. Until then just ask the Divine, Spiritual and Physical Help of Humanity to action as needed to send exploitation and harm dormant every time they encounter it.
4. How do we deal with our needs and desires in a world without equality of income and resources?
Needs and desires are 2 words that begin, continue and end in achievements. Everyone on Earth has needs and desires. Needs relate to the basic elements of incarnation that make possible satisfying your wanting, wishes and desires; desires relate to the added value that is given by each one of you to those needs. Every person that comes to Earth has taken into consideration their needs before incarnating; most people however, have separated from them. Both needs and desires are a team that need to be activated and to do this you require expressing your desire to do so. You express your desire by affirming that you want your needs and desires to be activated as a team.
Observing your beliefs can be done by writing everything that is opposite to equality of income and resources in you. Then, affirming that you want, accept and express equality of income and resources.
Observing the beliefs of others can be done by writing everything that is opposite to equality of income and resources in others. Then, affirming that you are person who is open to equality of income and resources for you and others. This affirmation generates waves of equality of income and resources that benefit all who receive them.
Changing your beliefs can be achieved by recognising everything in you that requires changing. A way to recognise this is by paying attention to everything that doesn't make you feel good; once you recognise it…, you write it, then you analyze it, then you understand it, then you move on. Once you move on you are taken into a new space and time that enables you to change your beliefs and continue moving on into new beliefs that support equality of income and resources.
5. Do we offer oneness to equines, canines, felines, bovines and other creatures that share our world and are as ancient - or more ancient - than ourselves?
Of course. This is done by sending them thoughts of oneness. They are open to receive oneness. They are naturally receptive to oneness.
6. Is oneness truly a possibility or only a passing fad?
Oneness is truly a possibility and it is not a fad. Oneness is one of the qualities of incarnation that each one of you came to use whilst incarnated. Oneness is part of the learning of incarnation.
7. How can we make it real and make it work?
The answers to the above questions give tips on how to achieve oneness, maintain it and how to help others achieve oneness. In due course people who achieve oneness will begin to work together to help others achieve oneness. The first step is to achieve oneness as an individual; then to achieve oneness as groups and finally achieve oneness as ALL. The more people that achieve oneness and group to work together as one to help others achieve oneness, the more results you obtain to achieve oneness of ALL.
The groups needed to work as one to achieve moving on expressing oneness require at least 9 people that have achieved oneness working together. Continue working at individual levels and soon enough groups will begin to appear to bless humanity with oneness.
Continue letting me know your thoughts, the results of your practices, your questions and I will make sure I continue channelling the teachings we need to receive to move on with oneness.
Thank you for your response Diana, which is marvellous as my post wanted to invite further thoughts. How do we deal with those who do not wish for unity? How do we unite and share with those who have nothing but poverty? How do we incorporate those who wish to exploit and do harm? How do we deal with our needs and desires in a world without equality of income and resources? Do we offer oneness to equines, canines, felines, bovines and other creatures that share our world and are as ancient - or more ancient - than ourselves? Is oneness truly a possibility or only a passing fad? How can we make it real and make it work? I am interested in everyone's thoughts on this matter.
The question "What is Oneness?" has got me and my Divine, Spiritual and Physical Help going!
This is great, because oneness is one of the key elements of incarnation that I have to use to accomplish my purpose in life; the others are stillness, sharing, caring, teaching, love and divinity.
My purpose in life is: To communicate with all forms of life, experience and expression to access all information, knowledge and wisdom needed, to learn the process of incarnation, and once I learn it, to pass it on to humanity.
I thank you for having placed your message in thespiritguides.co.uk because it is a great opportunity to practice oneness.
I am a channeller, a healer, a practitioner of Openings to Freedom, a messenger of the Divine, Spiritual and Physical Help, a therapist, a helper, a member of society, a member of humanity, an inhabitant of the planet Earth, I am someone that came to Earth to live, experience and express in oneness. Each one of these relationships is individual and it is also in a relationship with all the others. Each one needs to be in oneness with itself and with the others. Each one requires to be inter-related with the others in multiple combinations. Each one is unique but at the same time gives and receives a variety of elements that compliment one another. Oneness is an exchange that benefits the totality.
Throughout my journey of practicing oneness, many experiences have led me to understand its concept. I am now in the step of practicing this concept and your e-mail has triggered a great opportunity to do so.
Idea: everything begins in an idea, continues in a number of elements that are part of that idea and ends in an outcome.
Action: this involves all the steps required to bring your idea to fruition.
Reaction: these are the results of the idea and actioning.
Idea, action and reaction are a team that work in oneness, complimenting one another to achieve maximum beneficial results.
Idea, action and reaction generate chain reactions that generate results.
Idea, action and reaction have something in common, this something is: achieving something.
Idea, action and reaction contain responsibility.
Responsibility involves communication, patience, determination and perseverance to achieve maximum beneficial results. Responsibility is a quality, an action and a means to achieving something. Responsibility is a way of assuming something. Responsibility is representative of adulthood. Responsibility ensures outcomes that are beneficial. Responsibility brings out the best in you.
Does the message you are giving makes you feel good? If it doesn't, it isn't a good message. Giving a good message requires taking totality into consideration. This practice ensures giving messages that involve the totality.
Giving a message is a great opportunity to help others learn something.
The Divine, Spiritual and Physical Help, give messages that involve the totality.
The Divine, Spiritual and Physical Help give a simple concept of oneness: Oneness is the capacity of actioning together for the benefit of all.
A tip for understanding oneness is: what I want for me, I want for all; what I want for all, I want for me. It is like the 3 musketeers: one for all and all for one.
Oneness makes you feel happy; oneness makes you feel joyful; oneness is the way to go.
Today is the day to live, experience and express in oneness.
This message aims to nurture our understanding of oneness. Nurturing aims to bring together elements that compliment one another; nurturing and oneness compliment one another perfectly.
It would be lovely to hear from you Wendy, and from all that read this message with your comments about What is Oneness?
Constructiveness, stillness and flow are the results that this message envisages.
Thank you Diana for your comment.
In order to know what something is, it helps to know its opposite, what it is not. Wars are caused by opposition. Belief in different Gods does not reflect unity but diversity of opinion and judgments and this can lead to polarisation, condemnation and disparity.
I'm not suggesting that 'oneness' is possible. I'm just reporting albiet very briefly on a new and popular modern philosophy.
Hi Wendy, I just read your message, BUT, you talk about war... what about the answer to the question What is oneness?


text:
Q: Out of memory exception trying to write large amount of data to a file I need to write a large amount of unsorted data (50000000 numbers) to a file. At runtime I get an OutOfMemoryException. How to fix it?
private void backgroundWorkerGenNum_DoWork(object sender, DoWorkEventArgs e)
{
    int numLimit = 50000000;
    Random randomize = new Random();
    List<string> strNums = new List<string>();

    var array = Enumerable.Range(1, numLimit).ToArray();
    array = array.OrderBy(n => Guid.NewGuid()).ToArray();
    StreamWriter file = new StreamWriter("numbers.txt");
    int i = 0;
    foreach(int element in array)
    {
        file.WriteLine(element);
        ++i;
        backgroundWorkerGenNum.ReportProgress(i);
    }
}

A: First of all, you can just shuffle your array like this:
public static class ArrayExtender
{
    public static void Shuffle<T>(this T[] a)
    {
        Random rand = new Random();
        for (int i = a.Length - 1; i > 0; i--)
        {
            int j = rand.Next(0, i + 1);
            T tmp = a[i];
            a[i] = a[j];
            a[j] = tmp;
        }
    }
}

well, now we can generate randomized data:
    private void backgroundWorkerGenNum_DoWork(object sender, DoWorkEventArgs e)
    {
        int numLimit = 50000000;

        var array = Enumerable.Range(1, numLimit).ToArray();
        array.Shuffle();
        int i = 0;
        using(StreamWriter file = new StreamWriter("numbers.txt"))
           foreach (int element in array)
           {
               file.WriteLine(element);
               ++i;
               backgroundWorkerGenNum.ReportProgress(i);
           }
    }

A: This is a very inefficient way of randomizing a collection of numbers:
array = array.OrderBy(n => Guid.NewGuid()).ToArray();

Each new Guid you generate requires 16 byes + a few bytes of overhead to store.
You have 5*10^7 numbers that you're randomizing by abusing the OrderBy method.
The OrderBy internally will attempt to sort your collection using the keys you provide which requires it to allocate memory for the data and keys. Assuming the Order By stores the generated key along with each element this would require more than 1GB of space in memory.

A: Consider using shuffle method like this
private void Shuffle(int[] data)
{
    var random = new Random();

    int n = data.Length;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
        int idx = random.Next(i, n);

        int x = data[i];
        data[i] = data[idx];
        data[idx] = x;
    }
}

instead of array.OrderBy(n => Guid.NewGuid()).ToArray()


text:
package akka

import akka.actor._
import akka.util.Timeout
import org.scalatest.BeforeAndAfterAll
import org.scalatest.funsuite.AnyFunSuite

import scala.concurrent.Await
import scala.concurrent.duration._
import scala.language.postfixOps

case object Ready
case object Swim
case object Bike
case object Run
case object Finish

class Triathlete extends Actor with ActorLogging {
  def receive: Receive = prepare

  def prepare: Receive = {
    case Ready => log.info("*** Triathlete ready!")
    case Swim => log.info("*** Triathlete swimming!"); context.become(swim)
  }

  def swim: Receive = {
    case Bike => log.info("*** Triathlete biking!"); context.become(bike)
  }

  def bike: Receive = {
    case Run => log.info("*** Triathlete running!"); context.become(run)
  }

  def run: Receive = {
    case Finish => log.info("*** Triathlete finished race!"); context.become(prepare)
  }

  override def unhandled(message: Any): Unit = {
    super.unhandled(message)
    log.info(s"*** Triathlete failed to handle message: $message.")
  }
}

class BehaviorTest extends AnyFunSuite with BeforeAndAfterAll {
  implicit val timeout = Timeout(1 second)
  val system = ActorSystem.create("behavior", Conf.config)
  val triathlete = system.actorOf(Props[Triathlete](), name = "triathlete")

  override protected def afterAll(): Unit = {
    Await.result(system.terminate(), 1 second)
    ()
  }

  test("race") {
    triathlete ! Ready
    triathlete ! Swim
    triathlete ! Bike
    triathlete ! Run
    triathlete ! Finish
  }
}