70's/80's Shortboards Thicker Than Today's Shortboards?
I wish I had a couple of my old 70's/80's shortboards because I kind of remember those boards being thicker and definitely carrying more foam toward the rails than today's shortboards at similar lengths and widths. I had a late 70's 6.8 'Something Special' that was probably 3+" thick. I also has a 'CANYON' by Rusty from the early 80's that was also a 6.8 and pretty darn thick with a flat deck that carried almost all the way to the rail line. Similar boards these days seem to be thinner, less volume.
Yes, they used to be thicker.
Glad I'm not that crazy. Love that board as your avatar. I bet that rides like a Cadillac in softer surf.
Oddly enough, I only ever rode that board in chest-head tubes, and it worked great. That board is 3" thick but the rails were fairly sharp, especially for an early 70s board. The thickness helped it catch and the rails/tail held in steeper sections. It's sold now but it's a shape I should remake.
70's and early 80's short boards were thicker, but typically narrower than what we see today. I think 19" to 19.75" was about as wide as they got here. I like my boards in the 21" to 22" width, but I'm a senior citizen now.
.... I'm a senior citizen now.
Your body may be, but your mind is not. keep on keeping on.
Thanks Bill. In my head, I'm still in my teens.
Hope you are doing well. Aloha.
True. But by the 80's Shapers we're starting to figure that out. That is one of the first things I figured out in 70 or so. The beak wasn't really so much a function of design as it was a result of a shaper's ability. Once the majority of the shaping community figured out what it took to get rid of it; the "Beak Nose" was History. The thicker the board though, the harder it was to get rid of and maintain volume. Rusty's Canyon boards from the 80's were at the head of the class. Ron Cunningham and Hank Warner were pretty much done with the beak by 1970.
...tell that to the shapers now doing all these beak noses, thicker down rails, that almost have no curve, keel fins et all.
I have problems every time that I mention that why some one is doing a given outdated design.
Everything old is new again .


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5 things to know about the Tour Championship's unique format
By: Zephyr Melton September 4, 2020
The Tour Championship has a unique format. Read below for the details.
As players converge in Atlanta to tackle the historic East Lake Golf Club for the Tour Championship, it's important to note that this event will be different from what fans are used to seeing — and not just because of the lack of fans. The Tour Championship also has a different format from any other event on the PGA Tour. Here are five things to know about the Tour Championship's unique format.
1. It's an extremely limited-field event
The field for the Tour Championship is the smallest of the year — and it's not particularly close. Just the top 30 players in the FedEx Cup standings qualify for the event, meaning that while the field might be smaller, it is still packed with talent. The field is so exclusive that a number of big-name talents did not qualify, such as Tiger Woods, Brooks Koepka and Jordan Spieth. But even without those stars in attendance, the field will be stronger than most for the season finale.
2. Players start with a handicapped leaderboard
In a truly unique format, players start the week with a staggered leaderboard based on their standings in the FedEx Cup. This means that Dustin Johnson will start the week at 10 under with a two-stroke lead over Jon Rahm, who comes into the week second in the FedEx Cup Standings. This continues down to the players who just squeaked into the event, who will start the week with a clean slate at even par.
3. It's winner-take-all for the FedEx Cup
Since the players start on uneven footing, the event is winner take all for the FedEx Cup. Even if Mackenzie Hughes, who just barely squeaked into the field, comes from 10 back and wins the tournament, he will be the season-long FedEx Cup Champion. This quirk was introduced in an effort to appeal to the casual fan, who will now know exactly what the FedEx Cup leaderboard looks like in real time. The change also eliminates the possibility of an awkward duel trophy ceremony on the 18th green in the event that the Tour Championship winner is not the FedEx Cup champion.
4. Second year of the new format
The new handicapped leaderboard format is still in its infancy with this being the second iteration. Last season, Justin Thomas began the week with the lead, but he was supplanted at the top of the leaderboard by Rory McIlroy as he took the Tour Championship and FedEx Cup titles.
5. Largest purse of the year — by far
Even though the field is so small, the purse is the largest of the year with the winner taking home a cool $15 million. In all, the Tour will dole out $60 million in FedEx Cup bonuses by week's end. The last-place money isn't too shabby, either, with 30th place cashing a check for $395,000. Not too bad for a week's work.
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Zephyr Melton
Zephyr Melton is an assistant editor for GOLF.com where he spends his days blogging, producing and editing. Prior to joining the team at GOLF.com, he attended the University of Texas followed by stops with Team USA, the Green Bay Packers and the PGA Tour. He assists on all things instruction and covers amateur and women's golf.
Marvelous McIlroy! Rory reels in Scottie Scheffler to win Tour Championship, FedEx Cup
By: Jack Hirsh
Star leaderboard, big money and LIV Golf: The biggest storylines for Sunday at the Tour Championship
How do men and women fare on the same course? We find out this week
By: Sean Zak
What do Tour pros *really* think about in nervy moments? Here's one player's honest take
This pressure-packed FedEx Cup playoff format would make *every* shot count
By: Michael Bamberger
Tour Confidential: Solheim Cup unanswered questions, Ryder Cup captain's picks and more
By: GOLF Editors
For golf fans, Tour Championship and Solheim Cup offer wildly different vibes
Patrick Cantlay's winning clubs at the 2021 Tour Championship
By: Andrew Tursky
Patty Nice! Patrick Cantlay holds off Jon Rahm to win Tour Championship

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The European Parliament has resumed normal e-mail service following a suspected cyber attack.
An attack on the Parliament's systems is thought to have begun on March 24, two days after the European Commission and the European Union's External Action Service detected a sustained and targeted cyber attack on their own systems.
However, the attack on the Parliament was not in the same league as that on the Commission, a Parliament spokesman said Friday.
"Following the attack on the Commission, our IT services started looking very hard at our own system. They noticed that there were abnormal levels of webmail activity, particularly overnight, when we wouldn't expect such activity," he said.
As a precaution webmail and some other external services were shut down and staff were told last Monday to change their passwords while an investigation was carried out. "The results of that investigation show that nothing was compromised," said the spokesman. "The scale of the actual hacking problem was not dissimilar to that faced by any large organization. The high levels of activity we were seeing were due to the way in which some mobile devices connect to our webmail."
The Parliament's IT services are still monitoring the situation. The Parliament and the Commission run on totally separate networks and it seems unlikely that the two attacks were linked given the differences in scale and focus. There is still concern that professional, systematic hackers with a clear agenda are behind the Commission attack but this is not the case in the Parliament.
A separate e-mail problem in Parliament on Wednesday brought the e-mail system to a halt for three hours. The spokesman said that this was nothing to do with any attack and was simply a glitch that has now been fixed.


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The Catholic Source of Pre-Millennialism
HomeThe Catholic Source of Pre-Millennialism
Second Coming Millenialism, Sermon Illustration
Frank B. Holbrook wrote about Martin Luther's struggles against the Catholic powers when Luther told a rioting audience at Wittenberg to refrain from violence against the Roman Church.
-Remember that anti-Christ as Daniel said, is to be broken without the hand of man.
-Violence will only make him stronger. (Ministry Magazine, July 1983)
Holbrook has also condensed the history of the birth of pre-millennialism well. He wrote, Sixteenth-century Reformation preaching of the apocalyptic prophecies of Daniel and Revelation tended to center on what the Reformers believed to be a Christian apostasy that had arisen within European Christendom… this preaching had a telling effect upon Europe.
In the Counter-Reformation, which inevitably followed, Rome, rising to the challenge, sought to divert the damaging import of this application. The result was the publishing of the initial argumentation for what would later become two distinctive, but diverse methods of interpretation: the futurists and preterist systems.
Holbrook went on to report that the Spanish Jesuit Francisco Ribera (1537-1591) published a 500-page commentary introducing the pre-millennial interpretation. This publication, according to Holbrook, turned readers away from following the normal methods of interpretation. Directing their attention away from their present condition, this new interpretation enticed them not to look to Rome to find fulfillment, but into the far distant future. Non-Catholic pre-millenialists have overlooked the origin and purpose of this interpretation and have supported a doctrine invented and published by an apostate church.
« The Problems with Dispensational View of Revelation
The First and Most Basic Teaching of Pre-Millennialism »


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Q: How to capture HTTP packet with SharpPcap I would like to capture all incoming HTTP packets of my machine. To do that I'm using SharpPcap which is a WinPcap wrapper.
SharpPcap works very well but it captures TCP packets and this is too low level to do what I want. Does anyone know how can I easly get full HTTP requests/responses from all these TCP packets ?
Thanks

A: SharpPcap is already able to capture packets in the same manner that wireshark does (just in code rather than a GUI). And you can either parse them directly or you can dump them to the drive in the common .pcap file format.
The steps to parse a capture are:

*

*Pick an interface

*Open a connection in promiscuous mode

*Start capture either using a while loop or an event callback

*Parse the raw packet to the type that you want

If you're reading .pcap dump files the process is almost the same except you call an offline capture reader, don't need to pick an interface, and don't need to set promiscuous mode. All of the standard filters that wireshark, tcpdump, and most other Pcap frameworks use are supported in SharpPcap. For a reference to these check the tcpdump man.
Currently there is no support for parsing HTTP directly but parsing TCP packets is really easy.
When you receive the raw packet (non parsed) do this:
TCPPacket packet = TCPPacket.GetEncapsulated(rawPacket);

The Packet.Net (A separate and included component of SharpPcap) parser is capable of pulling out the TCP portion directly even if the communication is encapsulated by VPN, PPoE, or PPP.
Once you have the TCPPacket parsed just grab packet.PayloadBytes for the payload in a byte array that should contain the HTTP header in raw bytes that can be converted to the proper text format (I'm not really sure if HTTP headers use UTF-8 or ASCII encoding on that level). There should be plenty of freely available tools/libraries to parse HTTP headers.

To extract the HTTP packet from TCP:
You need to collect the tcp packets of the connection as they come in and if the data is fragmented (greater than 1500 bytes) you need to re-assemble the parts in memory. To discover which parts go in what order you need to carefully track the sequence/acknowledgement numbers.
This is a non-trivial thing to accomplish with SharpPcap because you're working with a much lower part of the stack and re-assembling the connection manually.
Wireshark has an interesting article on how to accomplish this in C.
As of right now, SharpPcap doesn't support TCP payload parsing.

If you're looking for easy-to-follow examples of how to use SharpPcap download the source tree and look at the example projects included. There is also a tutorial for SharpPcap on codeproject.
If you have more questions and/or you want to make any feature requests to the project, feel free to post on the SourceForge project. It is far from dead and continues to be under active development.
Note: Chris Morgan is the project lead and I'm one of the developers for SharpPcap/Packet.Net.
Update: The tutorial project on code project is now up-to-date to match the current API.

A: Decoding a TCP stream into HTTP request/response pairs is non-trivial.  Tools like WireShark do this with considerable effort.
I wrote a WireShark wrapper for Ruby (not that that will help you), but before I wrote it I tried using tshark (the command-line version of WireShark).  That didn't solve my problem but it may work for you.  Here's how:
You capture the packets and write them to a pcap file (SharpPcap probably has a way to do this).  At some point close the cap file and start another one, then on the old one run tshark with a filter for HTTP traffic, and a flag indicating you want the output in the PDML format.  You'll find this is an XML format, easily parsed with the System.Xml tools, which contains the value of every HTTP field in a variety of formats.  You can write C# code to spawn tshark, and pipe its StdOut stream into an XML reader so you get the packets out of tshark as they emerge.  I don't recommend using the DOM parser as the PDML output for a large capture file can get crazy very quickly.
Unless your requirements are complex (as mine were), this may be all you need.

A: I think you are close to the solution: if you have the TCP packets from the HTTP traffic, you only have to extract the TCP payload in order to rebuild the HTTP request/response. See this SO entry on a possible way to do it.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Dell products that utilize Dell Remote Access Controllers (DRAC) are shipped with the default username/password combination of root/calvin, respectively. It is recommended that the password is changed in order to prevent unauthorized access. Unauthorized users have access to view system information as well as perform maintenance tasks such as firmware upgrades, system powerup, powerdown, hardreset, powercycle and more. Access to the system console is also possible.


text:
teen + (3)
daughters of the american revolution. pennsylvania. lycoming chapter. (68)
williamsport music club (williamsport, pa.) (31)
the garnet and white staff (22)
pennsylvania. dept. of mines. (11)
upper merion township high school (11)
b. reed henderson high school (7)
state penitentiary for the eastern district of pennsylvania. (6)
pennsylvania. dept. of environmental protection. (4)
tiff (2096)
image/tif (963)
image/jp2 [1] p. ; 14 x 21 cm. (1)
image/jp2 [1] p. ; 27 cm. (1)
new holland (pa.) newspapers (2096)
wilkes barre pa sunday newspaper (1756)
pittston gazette newspaper (1403)
nazareth's first english newspaper (1095)
newspapers - pennsylvania american newspapers (963)
world war, 1914-1918 -- periodicals ; world war, 1914-1918 -- united states -- periodicals ; world war, 1914-1918 -- registers of dead -- periodicals ; united states -- politics and government -- periodicals (826)
hershey (pa.) -- newspapers (807)
All fields: Clarence
Whitehall High School Yearbook 1956
1956 Whitehall High School Yearbook
Today's Chef Vol 2 No 1, January 1970
American Culinary Federation, Pittsburgh Chapter--Publications; Chefs' Association of Pittsburgh--Publications
January 1970 Anniversary Issue of Today's Chef, a C.A.P. News publication. 40 pp. Contents: Editor's Desk; The Apprenticeship; Dining Around Town; Is it Maine or Idaho?; The Spinach in a Skewer; Opportunties for the Chef; Can We? We Must!!!; A...
Men's Basketball Team of 1927
Basketball players; Student organizations
Members of the men's basketball team of 1927 pose on the steps of the Hilltop Gym. First row, l. to r.: Earl Z. McKay, John Schuchart, J. Franklin Van Antwerp, George Robert Nye, George William Hohenshelt; 2nd row: John Mitchell Lindemuth, Robert...
Pennsylvania Scrap Book Necrology, Volume 51, p. 134
Microfilmed scrapbooks of obituaries clipped from Pennsylvania newspapers from 16 October 1891 to 3 March 1904. Many Civil War veterans included.
[John W. Beatty to S.H. Church, May 19, 1911]
Beatty, John W. (John Wesley), 1851-1924--Correspondence; Church, Samuel Harden--Correspondence; Carnegie, Andrew, 1835-1919--Portraits; Philanthropists--United States--Portraits; Zorn, Anders, 1860-1920; Painters--Sweden; Portraits; Art...
Postal Telegraph Cable Company telegram from John W. Beatty to Samuel H. Church presumably in response to a note (telegram) dated May 19, 1911 from Samuel H. Church. The telegram states that Beatty will see Andrew Carnegie and will ""do best he...
[Charles C. Williamson to Frank P. Hill, August 3, 1935]
Bertram, James, 1872-1934
Williamson writes in neutral terms about Bertram's life.
[C.M. Hincks to Frederick Keppel, October 24, 1934]
Bertram, James, 1872-1934; Poynton, John A.
Clarence M. Hincks, General Director of the National Committee for Mental Hygiene sends his condolences, and expresses his shock on hearing of the deaths of James Bertram and John A. Poynton.
Mirror 1927
Berwick High School (Berwick, Pa.)
1927 yearbook for Berwick High School
Blue and White 1940


text:
A level sociology revision – education, families, research methods, crime and deviance and more!
Exams, Essays and Short Answer Questions
Families and Households
Sociological Theories
Beliefs in Society
Globalisation and Global Development
Churnalism and the News
Churnalism refers to a process where journalists produce news based on pre-packaged press-releases from government spin doctors, public relations consultants or news agencies without doing independent research or even checking their facts.
The journalist Waseem Zakir has been credited with first using the term in 2008 while working for the BBC when he noted that more and more journalists were resorting to Churnalism and that there was a corresponding decline in journalists actually going out and doing their own reporting and checking facts for themselves.
The rise of Churnalism
It seems that in the last two decades there has been a further increase in Churnalism…
Davis (2008) found that 80% of stories in the Times, the Guardian, Independent, Daily Telegraph and Daily Mail were wholly or partially constructed from second-hand material provided by news agencies or public relations firms such as the Press Association. He further found that many of the companies providing material for these newspapers were actively promoting particular political or economic interests.
Philips (2010) pointed out that reporters have increasingly been asked to rewrite stories that have appeared in other newspapers or websites, such as the BBC News Site, and to lift quotes without attributing them.
The rise of the blogosphere also raises the possibility that professional journalists might lift quotes from bloggers who aren't as constrained by media industry standards and may derive their information from unverified sources, even from rumours circulating on social media.
The causes and consequences of the rise of churnalism
The causes of the rise of churnalism seem to be cost-cutting – it is simply cheaper for news companies to get their journalists to use pre-packaged material rather than do critical, investigative journalism. Political parities and public relations companies are more than happy to provide material for free because they are effectively promoting the views of the party or of the company who paid for the press-releases to be written.
Time pressure also plays a role – in the world of rapid 24 hour news journalists may not have time to go and do their own reporting or even check facts before their deadlines.
The first consequence of increasing churnalism are that there is a narrowing of the news agenda, with fewer original sources providing news to a wider range of newspapers.
There is also likely to be an increase in bias towards those companies with the time and money available to provide press-releases – which supports the Instrumentalist Marxist view of the media.
There could also be a decrease in the accuracy of news reporting, if journalists aren't checking their facts.
Sources/ find out more…
Davis (2008) Flat Earth News
Philips (2010) Old Sources: New Bottles in Fenton (2010) New Media, Old News
Wiki – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Churnalism
Image source… https://anotherangryvoice.blogspot.com/2017/10/how-mainstream-media-churnalism-works.html
Author Karl ThompsonPosted on August 16, 2019 August 6, 2019 Categories Media, news valuesTags Churnalism, journalism, Media, newsLeave a comment on Churnalism and the News
The Social Construction of News
The news is a socially manufactured product, rather than an objective 'window on the world'.
Many events happen in reality which do not get reported in the news and those which do appear in the news are placed in a particular order of priority and 'framed' by the questions which are asked and who is asked to comment on the events.
It follows that the content and format of the news is a result of many decisions made by several media professionals and those they work with and that the news will thus reflect the biases of those who are involved in its creation.
'The News is Socially Constructed' = the news is a manufactured product, the result of decisions made by media professionals about what to include and how to present what is included.
This post presents a brief introduction to the factors which influence news content, covering news values, organisational routines, media owners and the background of journalists. It has primarily been written for students of A-level sociology, studying The Sociology of Media option, AQA specification.
News Values
News Values are general guidelines which determine how newsworthy an event is. The more news values an event has, then the more prominence the event will be given in a news programme or a newspaper.
Examples of News Values include:
Extraordinariness – how unusual an event is. An event which is not routine and unexpected is more likely to be included in the news.
Threshold – the bigger and event the more likely it is to be included – e.g. more deaths are better.
Negativity – generally war, violence, death, tragedy, all are more newsworthy than happy events.
Unambiguity – the simpler, more black and white an event the more likely it is to be included in the news agenda
Personalisation – if a story can be linked to an individual, and a personal story made out of it, then it is more newsworthy.
Organisational or Bureaucratic routines
These are logistical factors which can limit what events are included as news items and include:
Financial costs
Journalistic ethics
Economic factors and ownership
Instrumentalist Marxists argue that owners can influence content, and a good example of this is the control Rupert Murdoch exerted over the reporting of the Iraq war in 2003 – he was for the war and his newspapers did not criticise it.
Advertising can also affect the news agenda – independent news companies are dependent on advertising revenue, so they are unlikely to report on issues which are critical of capitalism and economic growth.
There is a hierarchy of credibility – the news generally presents the views of the elite and wealthy first and then the radicals and critics in response, suggesting the elite view is the norm.
Most Journalists are middle class
More than 50% of journalists were educated in private schools, and most of the rest come from middle class backgrounds.
This means they share a middle class 'establishment' view of the world and will see middle class issues as more signficant than working class interests, and/ or present the interests of the middle classes as being the interests of everyone.
Author Karl ThompsonPosted on August 14, 2019 August 6, 2019 Categories Media, news valuesTags Media, news, news valuesLeave a comment on The Social Construction of News
The Marxist Perspective on the News
Marxists suggest the news agenda is heavily interests by those with power in capitalist societies and that the content of the news reflects the worldview and interests of the elite and middle classes.
Those working for mainstream news media may claim that the news they construct is objective and unbiased, but this is a myth according to Marxists, and the news primarily serves to legitimate capitalism and maintain the status quo.
This post is really an application of a combination of Instrumentalist Marxist Theory and Neo-Marxist ('hegemonic') theory.
Owners influence content
Owners may not be able to shape the day to day content of the news, especially live 24 hour news, but they can shape the broader context by setting the policies of their companies and influencing the general approach to selecting and editing news.
Owners the power to hire and fire Chief Executive Officers and other high-ranking officials, and they can exercise direct control over such decisions because they do not have to be made that often.
According to Marxist theory, owners will generally appoint senior officials who share their ideology and then lower ranking media professionals will avoid publishing content that might annoy them for fear of their jobs.
The news agenda legitimates a capitalist, neoliberal view of the world
News companies rely on advertisers for their income and so it should be no surprise that the news does not generally critique the capitalist system, in fact it does quite the opposite.
Most news programmes and papers have large sections devoted to business news and economics, where Corporate leaders and business experts are generally deferred to and are favourably presented.
These sections of the news rarely challenge the concept of economic growth, it is taken for granted as a universal 'good', and elsewhere the news rarely focuses on issues of poverty and inequality.
The Hierarchy of credibility
Journalists rank people in elite and professional positions as being more credible sources of authority than those lower down the social class order.
Heads of companies, government officials, the police and academic experts are all more likely to be invited to comment on news items than those from pressure groups, less popular political parties, or just ordinary members of the general public.
The elite thus end up becoming the 'primary definers' of the news agenda.
The news often reports on what such people think of events, rather than the events themselves, so we end up with an elite/ middle class frame of the world through the news.
The social class class background of journalists
GUMG argue that media professional tend to side with the elite because they share a middle class background with them, and thus a worldview.
News items thus tend to represent the elite and middle classes more favourably than the working classes.
Fiske (1987) for example found that news reports on industrial disputes tended to report on managers as 'asking' whereas trades unionists tended to reported as 'making demands', presenting the former as more reasonable.
Modified from…
Ken Browne (2016) Sociology for AQA Volume 2
Chapman (2016) Sociology AQQ A-Level Year 2
Author Karl ThompsonPosted on August 12, 2019 August 5, 2019 Categories Media, news valuesTags marxism, Media, news, SociologyLeave a comment on The Marxist Perspective on the News
Organisational Routines and News Content
Organisational routines may affect what items are selected for presentation in the news. These include factors such as financial costs, time and space available, deadlines, immediacy and accuracy, the audience and journalistic ethics.
Organisational routines are sometimes known as bureaucratic routines.
This post has been written primarily for A-level sociology students studying the media option within the sociology of the media.
News gathering can be an expensive business, and investigative journalism and overseas reporting are two of the most expensive types of news to produce, because they former involves sustained long-term investigation and the later involves overseas expenses.
Financial pressures have led to news companies changing the type of news they produced, with two major consequences:
Firstly, investigative journalism has declined, and that which remains has become more about digging up dirt on celebrities rather than in-depth exposés on corrupt politicians or corporations.
Secondly, the news has become more about infotainment – that is entertainment has become increasingly important as a factor in the selection of news items. Entertaining items achieve larger audiences which means more advertising revenue and more income.
Even the BBC isn't immune from these pressures. OFCOM recently said of BBC News that it is 'More Madonna than Mugabe'.
Time and space available
News has to be tailored to fit the time and space available in the newspaper or on the television show.
For example, A typical 6 O clock BBC news show consist of around 15 items in 25 minutes, usually with each item taking up 5 minutes or less. If an item can't be covered in less than 5 minutes, it is more likely that it will not be included in the news agenda.
These small time slots also limit the number of perspectives which can be given on a news item – often restraining commentary to 2 people, and contributing to biased Agenda Setting (according to Neo-Marxists)
Longer news programmes allow for more in-depth coverage of news items.
This only really affects newspapers: the deadline for something to reach tomorrow's newspaper is around 10PM the previous evening.
Immediacy and Accuracy
An item is more likely to be included in the news if it can be accompanied by live footage and if relevant people can be found to comment on the issue or offer soundbites.
The content of the news may change because of the perceived characteristics of the audience.
For example The Sun is aimed at less well educated people while The Guardian is aimed at people with a higher level of education.
The content of day time news may change to reflect the interests of stay at home parents.
Ethics should constrain the type of news which is reported, and the way in which news is reported.
All UK newspapers sign up to the Press Complaints Commission's voluntary code of conduct which stipulates that journalists should avoid publishing inaccurate information and misrepresenting people and should respect people's privacy and dignity.
However, there is some evidence that journalists do not always act ethically. For example, the News of the World phone hacking scandal in the early 2000s – the paper hacked various celebrities and royals' phones as well as those of victims of the July 2005 London bombings.
The Leveson report (2012) found that news stories frequently relied on misrepresentation and embellishment, and it seems that press watchdogs have little power to enforce journalistic ethics today.
Author Karl ThompsonPosted on August 9, 2019 August 5, 2019 Categories Media, news valuesTags A-level, Media, news, SociologyLeave a comment on Organisational Routines and News Content
The Neo-Marxist Perspective on The Media
Neo Marxists argue that cultural hegemony explains why we have a limited media agenda.
Journalists have more freedom than traditional Marxists suggest, and the media agenda is not directly controlled by owners. However, journalists share the world view of the owners and use gatekeeping and agenda setting to keep items which are harmful to elites out of the media agenda and thus voluntarily spread the dominant ideology.
This perspective is also known as the Dominant Ideology, or Hegemonic perspective on the media.
Neo-Marxists emphasize cultural hegemony
Hegemony is where the norms and values of the ruling class are taken as common sense.
According to Neo-Marxists, the reason why we have a limited media agenda is because of cultural hegemony, not because of direct control by wealthy media owners. In other words, cultural factors are more important than economic factors in explaining narrow media content.
Simply put, Journalists have accepted the conservative worldview of the ruling class as common sense, and they share this world view with the ruling class – they thus unconsciously spread the dominant ideology themselves without the need for direct control by the media owners.
Journalists voluntarily spread the dominant ideology
Journalists have the freedom to report as they please, so other factors besides economic control/ ownership determine media content, factors such as the interests of journalists and industry news values.
HOWEVER, the broad agenda of the media is still limited because the journalists share the same world view as the ruling class and the owners (this is known as 'cultural hegemony').
This is at least partly because Journalists are themselves mostly white and middle class, with more than 50% of them having gone to private schools. They thus present a conservative/ neo-liberal view of the world on autopilot.
Also, journalists do not want to risk their careers by annoying owners and so are reluctant to publish content which might annoy owners.
Agenda setting and gate keeping
Agenda setting and gatekeeping are the two processes through which journalists limit media content. They are normally used in relation to the selection and presentation of The News.
Gatekeeping = the process of choosing which items are selected for coverage, and others are kept out.
Agenda setting = deciding how media items are going to be framed, for example, who is going to be invited to discuss topics and what kind of questions are going to be asked.
According to neo-Marxists gatekeeping and agenda setting tend to result in issues which are harmful to the elite being kept out of the media, thus reinforcing the dominant ideology.
Examples of agenda setting and gate keeping include:
Only having two political parties discuss a news item – we rarely hear from the Green Party, for example.
Focussing on the violence at riots and protests, rather than the issues which are being protested about, or the cause of the riots.
The news taking the side of the police and the government, rather than hearing from criminals or terrorists.
Criticisms of Neo-Marxism
Traditional Marxists argue that it underestimates the important of economic factors, for example the power of owners to hire and fire journalists
As with traditional Marxism, the role of new media may make this perspective less relevant. It is now much harder to maintain the dominant ideology, for example.
Pluralists point out that this perspective still tends to assume the audience are passive and easily swayed by the dominant ideology. In reality, the audience may be more active and critical.
Author Karl ThompsonPosted on August 5, 2019 August 6, 2019 Categories MediaTags hegemony, ideology, Media, neo-marxismLeave a comment on The Neo-Marxist Perspective on The Media
The Marxist Instrumentalist Theory of Media
Marxist Instrumentalist theory holds that media owners control media content, and that the media performs ideological functions. The primary role of the media is to keep a largely passive audience from criticizing capitalism and thus maintain the status quo.
Marxist Instrumentalist Theory is also known as the Traditional Marxist or Manipulative Approach to the media.
This post is primarily written for students of A-level sociology, studying the AQA 2019 specification.
Media owners control media content
Media owners are part of the ruling class elite and they consciously manipulate media content to transmit a conservative ideology to control the wider population and maintain their wealth and privilege.
The content of the media is thus narrow and biased and reflects the opinions of the ruling class generally and the media owners in particular.
The government does not effectively regulate media content because the political elite are also part of the ruling class like the media owners.
The media performs ideological functions
According to Instrumentalist Marxists, the primary role of the media is to spread ruling class ideology and maintain the status quo, keeping the current unequal capitalist system in place.
The media performs ideological functions in many ways:
We see many favourable representations of (rather than critical commentary on) the wealthy – for example Royalty, millionaires on Cribs, and middle class lifestyles more generally in all of those hideous programmes about spending £500K on a house in the country.
It spreads the 'myth of meritocracy' – Dragons Den and The Apprentice are two wonderful contemporary examples of this.
The News often dismisses radical view points as extremist, dangerous or silly, and a conservative (ruling class) view of the world as normal.
Negative portrayals of ethnic minorities and immigrants serve to divide the ruling class and discourages criticisms of the ruling class.
Entertainment distracts the public from thinking critically about important political issues.
The audience are passive
Marxist instrumentalists see the audience as a mass of unthinking robots who are passive and easily manipulate. They essentially take what they see in the media at face value, and believe what they see without questioning it.
Curran (2003) suggests that there is a lot of historical evidence of media owners manipulating media content. He carried out a historical analysis of UK media, broken down into four historical periods.
Control by owners was most obvious in the era of the Press Barons in the early part of the 20th century, when some even said that they used their newspapers to consciously spread their political views.
Rupert Murdoch's control of his News Corporation since the 1970s is another good example of an owner controlling media content. All of his newspapers have a strong right wing point of view, which reflects his values.
A specific example of Murdoch's control is that all of his news outlets supported the Iraq War in 2003, a war which he personally supported. It's unlikely that all the editors of all his newspapers globally shared this view.
Criticisms
Pluralists are the biggest critics of Manipulative Marxists.
It is impractical for media owners of large corporations to control all output on a day to day basis. At some point they have to trust editors.
Pluralists argue that media owners are primarily motivated by making a profit and thus would rather provide audiences with the diverse content they want rather than use their media companies to spread their own narrow view of the world.
The previous criticism follows on from the Pluralist view that audiences are not just passive and unthinking, they are active and critical, and thus not easily manipulated: they can easily choose to switch off if they don't like what they see.
The rise of the New Media especially undermines the Manipulative approach – New Media encourage audiences to be more active and allow for a greater range of people to produce and share media content. It's simply not possible for owners to control such content.
A Level Sociology of Media Bundle
If you like this sort of thing, then you might like my A Level Sociology of the Media Revision Bundle which contains the following:
57 pages of revision notes covering all of the sub-topics within the sociology of the media
19 mind maps in pdf and png format – covering most sub-topics within the sociology of the media.
Short answer exam practice questions and exemplar answers – three examples of the 10 mark, 'outline and explain' questions and three of the 10 mark 'analyse' with item questions, all take from the specimen paper and the 2017/2018 exam papers.
Three essays and essay plans, taken from the specimen paper and 2017 and 2018 exam papers.
Author Karl ThompsonPosted on August 2, 2019 September 10, 2019 Categories Media, ownership and controlTags ideology, marxism, Media, theoryLeave a comment on The Marxist Instrumentalist Theory of Media
The pluralist view of the media
Pluralists argue that power in democratic, free market societies is spread out among diverse competing interest groups, and not concentrated in the hands of a minority economic elite, as Marxists suggests. According to pluralists, no one group has a monopoly on power. Their view of the media reflects their view of power in society more generally.
Media content driven by profit
Pluralists argue that in democratic, free market economies different media companies must compete for customers, and so they must provide the kind of content those customers want in order to make a profit and survive. If a company fails to provide the kind of news and entertainment that people need and want, customers will simply stop buying their media products and go elsewhere, forcing that company out of business.
It follows that control over media content ultimately lies with consumers, not the owners of media, because the owners need to adapt their content to fit the demands of the consumers.
Media owners primarily want to make money and so they would rather adapt their media content to be more diverse and keep money coming in, rather than use their media channels to publish their own narrower subjective views and opinions.
Media content thus doesn't reflect the biased, one sided views of media owners, it reflects the diverse opinions of the general public who ultimately pay for that media content. The public (being diverse!) generally don't want one-sided, biased media!
Consumers determine content
From the pluralist perspective audiences are active rather than passive and not easily manipulated. They are free to select, reject and re-interpret a wide range of media content, and they increasingly take advantage of new technologies and new media to produce their own content.
It is thus ultimately the consumers of media/ the wider audience who determine media content rather than the media owners.
Journalists not controlled by owners
Finally, pluralists point out that on a purely practical level media owners of large global corporations cannot personally determine the content of all their media products, there are too many products and too many global-level management issues to keep them occupied. Thus producers, editors and journalists have considerable freedom to shape media content, free from the control of the big bosses.
Criticisms of Pluralism
Ultimately it is still owners who have the power the hire and fire journalists and they do have the power to select high level editors who have similar views to themselves, which may subtly influence the media agenda.
It still requires a lot of money to establish a large media company, and ownership remains very concentrated. There is relatively little journalism which is both independent and widely consumed.
Owners, editors and most journalists share an upper middle-class background and a conservative worldview.
The pressure to maintain profits has led to narrowing of media content – more towards uncritical, sensationalist entertainment and less likely to be critical and independent.
Author Karl ThompsonPosted on July 31, 2019 August 6, 2019 Categories Media, ownership and control, Sociological conceptsTags control, Media, ownership, pluralism, pluralist, powerLeave a comment on The pluralist view of the media
Censorship on Facebook and Twitter – supporting the dominant ideology?
Pluralists would argue that social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter are just neutral sites through which anyone is free to express their opinion, however, Marxists would suggest that they work with governments and corporations to suppress views which go against the dominant ideology by censoring anything which challenges the mainstream capitalist world view.
The recent banning of the anti-media group from Facebook and Twitter seem to have gone further than just banning hate-groups and fake-news creators, and suggests support for the Marxist view of the media.
The banning of anti media from Facebook and Twitter
Anti-Media is an alternative news outlet that offers information that runs counter to the often pro-government narratives of traditional media outlets.
Their content is heavily critical of the current political system which they believe has heavily indebted ordinary people, and increasingly infringed on individual rights while expanding its reach and power.
They focus mainly on challenging unjust government corruption, oppression, and authority – criticising both 'right' and 'left' wing governments and part of their stated agenda is to awaken people from their passive subservience to big government and corporatism.
At their peak in 2016, Anti-media were reaching tens of millions of people per week, offering an alternative to the mainstream news, but their reach then declined, according to them, due to algorithmic changes following Trump coming to power.
Then in October 2018, the anti-media Facebook page was unpublished altogether, along with its Twitter feed shortly afterwards. A number of its employee's twitter accounts were also suspended, including that of Carey Wedler, whose video about the issue, published on the censorship resistant site @dtube is well worth a watch.
NB her personal Twitter account was suspended without warning, and despite appealing this four months ago, she still hasn't received a legitimate explanation of why her account was suspended.
The official Facebook and Twitter line was that they removed anti-media as part of a wider purge of "spam" and "fake accounts" that targeted users with the intent of misleading them, by trying to do such things as driving them to ad farms to profit.
HOWEVER, neither anti-media nor their employees did any of this, they were dedicated to evidence-based factual reporting without sensationalism
Along with Anti-Media, dozens of pro-freedom libertarian pages were also deleted during the Facebook and Twitter purge back in October 2018, pages such as:
"Police the Police,"
TheFree Thought Project,
Some interesting analysis by Rolling Stone's Matt Taibbi, who investigated these purges suggests that this isn't about purging left or right political views, as both types of page and account were purged, but rather it was about censoring the following themes which are touched on by both ends of the political spectrum:
Anti-war content
Focus on police brutality and misuse of state power
Disinterest in two party politics
Relevance to A-level sociology
This seems to be a straightforward example of Facebook and Twitter censoring media content because of ideological reasons – anything which upsets the status quo by challenging the state too vociferously (whether from left or right ends of the political spectrum) and/ or draws attention to state violence is more likely to get censored.
In short, this suggests support for any perspective which argues that mainstream media companies collude to support the dominant ideology by gatekeeping out views which are hyper-critical of those in power.
If you don't study the media, this is still yet more supporting evidence for Marxism in general, and relevant to Theory and Methods!
Rolling Stone article
Carey Wedler – The Purge is Here, on Minds
Author Karl ThompsonPosted on April 5, 2019 Categories MediaTags censorship, Facebook, twitterLeave a comment on Censorship on Facebook and Twitter – supporting the dominant ideology?
Screen Time and Children's Well being
The UK's Chief Medical Officers are now officially advising parents to ban their children from using phones and other electronic devices in their bedrooms and during meal times. These are two out of nine specific recommendations made in a recent official report entitled:
Screen-based activities and children and young people's mental health and psychosocial wellbeing: a systematic map of reviews.
NB – for students of A-level sociology this is great example of an official government document, a form of secondary qualitative data!
It's also a great example of an amazing 'literature review'… they go through a stack of evidence on social media/ screen time/ internet use effects and ask lots of methods questions about each piece of research to determine whether or not those studies are high/ middle or low quality.
Interestingly the report said that there wasn't enough available evidence to issue any guidelines on the total amount of time children should spend online or using screens in any one day or week, but that there was sufficient evidence to suggest limiting uses in specific contexts when using them can upset other beneficial activities.
Hence why the report recommends that parents limit their children's use of phones at the following times:
At bedtimes
During mealtimes
While crossing the road.
The report also highlighted the fact that parents shouldn't just assume that their children would be happy with them posting lots of pictures of them online and criticised some parents for 'oversharing'.
Interestingly the report also highlighted the lack of high quality research into the impact of screen time, and stressed that more research was needed and they called on tech companies to share data to aid research.
Finally, the report also recommended that social media platforms and technology companies sign up to a voluntary code of conduct to protect children online, and hinted at possibly introducing new laws to protect children online.
Relevance to A level sociology
Firstly, the report seems to suggest there is some evidence that increased screen time has made childhood more 'toxic', because using them is proven to disrupt beneficial activities such as sleep and conversation during meal times.
The report seems to be saying the government is powerless to do anything to prevent Corporations from carrying on with their deliberate attempts to get children to spend more time on screens, merely suggesting that they might sign up to a voluntary code of conduct. So this demonstrates the might of the tech TNCs and the weakness of the Nation State.
Instead, the report focuses on 'lifeworld' or 'privatised solutions to public problems' – in other words, it's down to the individual parents to regulate their children's use of screens.
The report also makes it clear that we cannot say 'a certain amount of screen time is bad' – there isn't evidence to back up a particular figure. This isn't surprising given that there are different ways we can use our screens, so the idea that 'screen time' in general is going to be good or bad is maybe a bit ridiculous!
Finally, this is a good example of a late modern response rather than a postmodern response to a social problem – the report doesn't just say 'we're uncertain, do what you like', it says 'there is some evidence that specific uses of screens at particular times prevent beneficial activities taking place, thus you should do x/y/z… i.e. we still have valid knowledge and a clear path of action even in the midst of uncertainty!
Author Karl ThompsonPosted on February 8, 2019 Categories MediaTags Media, screen time, Social media, technologyLeave a comment on Screen Time and Children's Well being
Main characteristics of New Media
New Media are digital, interactive, hypertextual, networked, virtual and simulated. These are the six key characteristics which distinguish New Media from old media.
New Media are Digital, interactive, hypertextual, globally networked, virtual and sometimes based on simulation.
This post provides further information and elaboration on these six key features of New Media.
With the growth of digital technology in the 1990s, the vast majority of information is now converted, stored and transmitted as binary code (a series of 1s and 0s.). Qualitative information has today become 'digitalised'.
Digitalisation what allows so much information to be stored in compact hard disks or micro memory cards and it is also what allows for the near instantaneous transmission of information via cable and satellite.
Digitalisation has also resulted in 'technological convergence', or the convergence of different forms of information (text, audio and visual) into one single 'system' – most web sites today offer a fusion of text and audio-visual information, and our mobile devices allow us to perform a variety of functions – not only reading text and watching/ listening to videos, but also searching for information, sending messages, shopping and using GPS functions.
Analogue is the opposite of digital. It is stored in physical form and examples include print newspapers, records, and old films and T.V. programmes stored on tape.
'Old media' tended to be very much a 'one way' affair, with audiences on the receiving end of broadcasts, for the most part able to do little else that just passively watch media content.
New Media however is much more of a two way affair and it allows consumers and users to get more involved. It is much more of a two way form of communication than old media.
Increased interactivity can be seen in simple acts such as liking a Facebook post or commenting on news piece or blog. However some users get much more involved and create their own blogs and videos and actively upload their own content as 'prosumers'.
New Media seem to have fostered a more participatory culture, with more people involved and the roles between consumer and producer of media content becoming ever more blurred!
Hypertextual
Hypertext, or 'links' are a common feature of new media, which allows users more freedom of choice over how they navigate the different sources of information available to them.
In more technical terms, links in web sites offer non-sequential connections between all kinds of data facilitated by the computer.
Optimists tend to see this feature as allowing for more individualised lifestyle choices, giving users the chance to act more independently, and to make the most of the opportunities new media markets make available to them.
Digital Media has also facilitated cultural globalisation – we now interact much more globally and via virtual networks of people rather than locally.
These networks allow for 'collective intelligence' to increase – they allow us to pool our resources much more easily and to draw on a wider range of talents and sources of information (depending on our needs) than ever before.
NB one question to ask about networks is what the main hubs are, through which information flows. This has implications for power.
New Media presents to us a very different reality from face to face to 'lived reality' – for most of us this means a very fast paced flow of information with numerous products and people screaming for our attention.
However, this situation has only existed since the mid 2000s, and it must be remembered that New Media reality is virtual reality.
This is especially true when it comes to social media sites which give users the opportunity to present themselves in any way they see fit, and while most users don't go full Cat Fish, most people choose to present only one aspect of themselves.
Simulation goes a step beyond the 'virtual' nature of New Media as usual. Simulation is most obviously experienced computer games which provide an immersive experience for users into a "virtual life" that is simulated through digital technology.
These virtual worlds are synthetic creations that ultimately rely on algorithms which set the parameters through which events in the gaming environment unfold.
Examples today include not only online RPG games, but also driving and flight simulations.
Adapted from Martin Lister et al – New Media: A critical Introduction (Second Edition).
Author Karl ThompsonPosted on December 13, 2018 December 10, 2018 Categories Media, Sociological conceptsTags digital, Media, network, newLeave a comment on Main characteristics of New Media
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MCHS Vietnam Memorial Monuments
Midwest City, OK
From Concept to Reality
We were proud to provide our expertise and services to create the MCHS Granite Vietnam War Memorial Monument, in Midwest City, Oklahoma, United States. With the design provided by the client, we built 22 black granite slabs, with laser-etched pictures and inscriptions about the 22 bombers from Midwest City High School. We completed the Memorial plaza with laser-engraved black granite plaques, and a bronze soldier cross (boots, weapons, and helmet).
The purpose of this project was to build a permanent upright memorial, on campus, to recognize the sacrifice of all Midwest City High School students and graduates who served their country and community, with special recognition of the 22, listed on the "Wall of Honor" that paid the ultimate sacrifice, in Vietnam. The Bomber Plaza will also honor Bombers who gave their all in the OKC Bombing and Operation Iraqi Freedom. We owe each of these classmates and fellow Bombers a debt of gratitude that can never be fully repaid. That is why we ask you to think of the freedoms that you and your loved ones enjoy today – then join us as a sponsor of the Midwest City High School Vietnam Memorial and Bomber Plaza.
Twenty-two Bombers killed in action in Vietnam
The goal of the MCHS Vietnam Memorial Project Committee is to remind both past and future generations of the hope, the dedication and the commitment of these students. This Vietnam Memorial Wall of Honor and Bomber Plaza will remind the community and students that there are times when citizens are called upon to set aside their own comfort and self-interest and serve a cause greater than ourselves. The MCHS Vietnam Memorial names and faces will remind us of those Bombers who did just that and will show our gratitude to them. It will forever provide a reminder to future generations of Bombers and visitors to the Midwest City High School campus that we have a collective responsibility to defend the American way of life and the freedoms we too often take for granted.
– Courtesy the Vietnam Memorial Bombers Vietnam Memorial
bombervietnammemorial.org
Hillsborough's Veterans Memorial Park
Hillsborough, FL
Dr. Martin Luther King Foot Soldiers Memorial
Nicholas H. Null Memorial
Archer Lodge Veterans Memorial Monuments
Archer Lodge, NC
Mt Kisco Fire Fighters 9/11 Memorial
Sherbrooke Sports Hall of Fame


I am married for 26 years and my husband is having illicit relationships with women all these years. My relatives and friends wanted me to divorce. But somehow I could never do it.
Now, we have three grown up kids and he continues this way. Please give me a mantra where I can save my husband from these women and live a God-fearing life.
Download a picture of black vulture and paste his name or photo on it. This will rectify the person who philanders with other girls.
Is there is any mantra by which we can reunite two people by calming down their anger?
My sis-in-law and my father are having a terrible problem. They don't want to listen about each other. Due to that the whole family is unable to speak to them. But I want to solve this problem.
On the contrary I don't say both of them are ready to leave their ego because they don't like to listen to anyone to shed their anger and ego for each of them.
So pls give me some mantra so that I can chant on behalf of both of them and reunite them miraculously.
Does 5 AM signify anything? Can I send msg to someone (communication gap) by using tapping?
Actually I want him to contact me either on net or phone as I don't have any way to contact him. So I need to know during tapping what I have to affirm.
1. One should tap oneself first. Tap stating "TOGETHER I accept myself totally".
This acceptance releases our resistance.
When the desire to change anything or any person operates, the mind is in conflict. The other part of the mind knows that it is futile to change anything. The desiring mind, wants to change everything.
The reality is one has to accept what is happening, releasing the desire to change. Then only our wish or intention or command can have any effect on other person.
Wishing or healing the wish is the only option available to us. Manifestation is unpredictable.
2. Do on the paper with the tapping points printed.
Use your wish as a command word.
For example, "Talk to me. Contact (name of the person) now".
3. Affirm, "I accept totally what is done by the divine".


text:
package h;

import smetana.core.UnsupportedStarStruct;

final public class ST_Agclos_s extends UnsupportedStarStruct {

	public final ST_Agdisc_s disc = new ST_Agdisc_s(); /* resource discipline functions */
	public final ST_Agdstate_s state = new ST_Agdstate_s(); /* resource closures */
	public ST_dt_s strdict;
	public final int[] seq = new int[3];
	// "unsigned long seq[3]",
	public ST_Agcbstack_s cb;
	public boolean callbacks_enabled; /* issue user callbacks or hold them? */

	// "Dict_t *lookup_by_name[3]",
	// "Dict_t *lookup_by_id[3]",
	public final ST_dt_s[] lookup_by_id = new ST_dt_s[3];

}

// struct Agclos_s {
// Agdisc_t disc; /* resource discipline functions */
// Agdstate_t state; /* resource closures */
// Dict_t *strdict; /* shared string dict */
// unsigned long seq[3]; /* local object sequence number counter */
// Agcbstack_t *cb; /* user and system callback function stacks */
// unsigned char callbacks_enabled; /* issue user callbacks or hold them? */
// Dict_t *lookup_by_name[3];
// Dict_t *lookup_by_id[3];
// };

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: How to draw a line at yaxis = 0 with jQPlot? I am using jQPlot and disabled the grid lines on my charts (drawGridlines: false). However, I would like to have a line at yaxis = 0, and I also would like to make sure that the 0 appears as well. Is this doable easily?
Thanks!

A: You can add an object in canvasOverlay :
var options={ //jqplot options
   canvasOverlay: {
     show: true,
     objects: [
       {
         horizontalLine: {
           name: "y=0",
           y: 0,
           yaxis: "yaxis",
           lineWidth: 1,
           color: "rgb(0,0,0)",
           shadow: false
         }
       }
     ]
   }
}

Don't forget to include jqplot.canvasOverlay.min.js plugin.


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The success of our company is based on supporting you to live a healthy and inspired lifestyle through creating outstanding activewear to wear for both intense activity and in your everyday life. We nourish you with real, authentic content in our Courageous Living Blog and social media platforms. As our success grows, your success grows. When you buy Courage My Love, your purchasing power supports our greater vision to supply funding for social enterprises via philanthropic channels to uplift and support communities and their inspirational leaders.
I've been an entrepreneur since I was 22 years old when I moved to New Zealand from my birthplace in Canada. The protagonist in me loves to inspire people and turn great ideas into reality. I began practising yoga at age 22 and have found yoga to be one of the most powerful tools to support me through both the challenges and excitements that life's experiences can bring. I trained to become a yoga teacher in 2011 and through my teaching I have found a way to give back some of what I have learned through this practice.
I aim to inspire YOU to live your dreams. I urge you to lead your community through being an example of living your life with integrity and purpose. I hope that when you wear Courage My Love you are filled with confidence and inspired to be fully YOU!
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Her Majesty, My Love
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A princess on the run must complete a mystical quest in order to take her rightful place on her country's throne.
Princess Isabella Chastaine holds the fate of her tiny island nation in her hands. Literally. Escaping the men who murdered her parents, she flees to England with a sacred map outlining the location of ancient relics—items necessary for a new ruler to ascend the throne, items buried deep within the granite caves of her homeland.
Simon Rothmore, Earl of Merrick, has faithfully served the English crown since his recruitment into an elite secret agency. His newest task, deciphering the puzzling assassinations of the royal family of Leaudor, leads him to the only remaining member…Princess Isabella.
Betrayed by those closest to her and deeply suspicious of possible English involvement, Isabella vows to return to her country and seek justice for her family. She will allow no one, especially not an arrogant English earl, to interfere in her quest.
But love has a way of uniting even the most unlikely souls. Together, they travel across two countries, encounter painful betrayals, complete a mystical quest, and forge a new destiny neither had dreamed possible.
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"Tell me…Beth. From where do you hail? Your accent is quite intriguing."
Her spoon clattered to the table, and she looked up in consternation. "Does it matter?"
"No, no. Of course not. I was just curious." His attempt to bait her had merely agitated her further. She wasn't going to freely offer any information.
She put her palm down on the table and rose from her seat. "I really should take my leave now. I've imposed on your generosity quite enough."
"Nonsense." He got up and smoothly curled his hand around her elbow, moving her toward the door before she could protest further. "You look as though you could do with some rest. I insist you retire at once to a bedchamber I've had prepared for you. There is a fire already lit, so you should be comfortable. We will talk more when you have rested."
Once again she stiffened, and he could see the wheels turning in her mind, much like the spokes on a runaway carriage. Her expression became glacial, and she merely nodded her acquiescence. Truly, he had never come across another person who spoke as little as she.
He showed her into the bedchamber at the opposite end of the hallway from his. He gave brief explanation to where she could find things she needed and backed from the room. Withdrawing a key from his pocket, he quietly locked it from the outside, hoping she didn't hear the soft click. She would be furious if she tried the door, but he could not lose her now.
He strode back down the stairs, intent on sending word to Kirk.
"Timmons, I need you to send out a message at once," he called out as he hurried to his office.
He sat down and hastily jotted a message then affixed his personal seal and thrust it at the waiting butler. Leaning back in his chair, he placed his hands behind his head.
Finding the princess filled him with a huge sense of relief. But she wasn't yet safe. He shuddered to think what may have happened to her today if he hadn't intervened on the bridge. The two men following her didn't appear to be the sort to handle her gently.
Pictures of her younger brother filled his mind as Simon imagined her lying in the snow, blood matting her hair and her beautiful eyes locked in death.
Not if he could help it. Too much rested on her survival. The fate of his own country could well rest with the reestablishment of the Leaudorian monarchy.
He rose from his chair and walked over to stand in front of the window. He stared out at the street remembering his conversation with Kirk on the day the prince's body was found. Was Kirk right? Should he give thought to retiring from His Majesty's Secret Service?
He had devoted his entire adult life to protecting England's interest. To quit now, to embrace his position as earl left a bad taste in his mouth. It's what his father would have wanted.
A scowl creased his face at the thought of his father. Not now. Not ever would he allow his father to dictate his course in life. He was well beyond the age of trying to please his sire. Not that it had ever done any good.
But just as his duty to England was at the very forefront of his every thought, his duty to his title loomed like a harbinger of doom. A duty he never wanted or expected. "Damn you, Edward," he muttered. "How could you have done it?"
A flash of movement from the street caught his attention, and he saw Kirk descend a carriage and stride up the walk to Simon's door.
A few minutes later, Kirk strolled into Simon's study, his expression expectant. "Where is she?"
Simon put a finger to his lips. "She's in the guest room. I don't want to disturb her."
"How did you find her? We've looked everywhere it seems."
"I received a tip from one of my informants this morning. She's been staying in a rented room in a decidedly dangerous section of the city. I'm amazed she's survived this long."
Kirk nodded. "What now? Will you bring her to the palace to see the Regent? He will likely offer his protection and safe passage back to Leaudor with a contingent of English soldiers. He'll be quite eager to restore stability to the Leaudorian throne."
"I think you are correct in your thinking. I'd like you to go to the palace and arrange the meeting with the Regent. It will buy me some time to try and learn as much as possible from the princess. But the main thing is, she will be safe at the palace."
"And off your hands," Kirk said with a grin. "Then perhaps you can take a much needed break. Hole up at that estate of yours for a while and do some hunting."
It was on the tip of his tongue to deny owning an estate. Old habits die hard. He was unused to owning much in the way of anything. His life as an operative wasn't conducive to having more than the basic necessities.
But he knew Kirk referred to Simon's father's estate. The one Simon had grown up on. And left as soon as it was possible to do so. A move he had never had cause to regret until his brother's suicide.
He couldn't put it off forever, though. Perhaps Kirk was right. Maybe he would take a break and return to the place he had once called home. But first he had to deliver the princess to the palace.
"Go on to the palace," he directed Kirk. "Tell His Majesty that I will deliver the princess at his convenience."
Kirk disappeared through the door and Simon slowly made his way to the stairs. It was time to come clean with the princess.
He paused a moment outside her door, deciding on the best course of action. He was a direct person, and there wasn't a reason to deviate from that now. It would be better just to come out and let her know he was aware of her identity then go from there.
That is if she wasn't ready to cosh him over the head for locking her in the room.
He unlocked the door and swung it open. A rush of cold air hit him directly in the face. "What the hell?" he muttered as he stepped further into the room. His gaze skirted around the now-empty room to the open window by the bed.
Had the fool woman jumped from a second story window? He rushed over and looked down, half expecting to see her lying on the ground below. But all he saw were small footprints leading away from the window out toward the gate that lead out of the garden.
She was gone.
End of Excerpt
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Q. What should you do if your girlfriend starts smoking?
Q. What's six inches long, two inches wide, and drives women crazy?
Q. What's the difference between you and your paycheck?
A. Your wife will blow your check.
Q. What's the definition of a male chauvinist pig?
A. A man who hates every bone in a woman's body except his own.
Q. Why do women pay more attention to their appearance than improving their minds?
A. Because most men are stupid, but few are blind.
Q. What do blondes and the Bermuda triangle have in common?
A. They've both swallowed a lot of seamen.
Q. How can you spot the blind guy at the nudist colony?
Q. Who is the most popular guy at the nudist beach?
Really funny jokes of What is the difference at JokesAvailable. Thousands of free funny jokes!
21 Jokes about Differences: What's the difference between love, true love and showing off? Spitting, swallowing and gargling.


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MHL – Muzeum Historyczne we Lwowie
 MHL – Młodzieżowa Hokejowa Liga, juniorskie rozgrywki hokeja na lodzie w Rosji
 MHL – Międzynarodowa Hokejowa Liga, nieistniejące rozgrywki hokeja na lodzie w Rosji pod nazwą Superliga rosyjska w hokeju na lodzie
 MHL – Miejska Hala Lodowa w Nowym Targu
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


This Open Source project started in 2003 as blogging tool. Well-architectured personal publishing system that based on PHP and MySQL. There are huge community around the Wordpress who it to be the largest self-hosted blogging tool in the world.
Custom website on WordPress usually costs from $1,000 to $15,000.
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Stores on WooCommerce: UCanon, CSS Tricks, AdventureFeeds, PagePink Pro4Mance, FilterGrade, Shareware on sale.


Here at Halo Realty, we help both owners and tenants with commercial and residential property needs. If you're an owner looking to increase your wealth and grow your investments without the time and hassle of managing properties yourself, you've come to the right place. We offer management services for single-family homes, multi-family residences and commercial spaces. We also offer homeowner association management services.
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text:
Robert F. Durant
Robert F. Durant is Professor Emeritus in the School of Public Affairs, American University.
Environmental Governance Reconsidered, Second Edition
Challenges, Choices, and Opportunities
Robert F. Durant, Daniel J. Fiorino, and Rosemary O'Leary 2017
Key topics in the ongoing evolution of environmental governance, with new and updated material.
This survey of current issues and controversies in environmental policy and management is unique in its thematic mix, broad coverage of key debates, and in-depth analysis. The contributing authors, all distinguished scholars or practitioners, offer a comprehensive examination of key topics in the continuing evolution of environmental governance, with perspectives from public policy, public administration, political science, international relations, sustainability theory, environmental economics, risk analysis, and democratic theory.
The second edition of this popular reader has been thoroughly revised, with updated coverage and new topics. The emphasis has shifted from sustainability to include sustainable cities, from domestic civic environmentalism to global civil society, and from global interdependence to the evolution of institutions of global environmental governance. A general focus on devolution of authority in the United States has been sharpened to address the specifics of contested federalism and fracking, and the treatment of flexibility now explores the specifics of regulatory innovation and change. New chapters join original topics such as environmental justice and collaboration and conflict resolution to address highly salient and timely topics: energy security; risk assessment, communication, and technology innovation; regulation-by-revelation; and retrospective regulatory analysis.
The topics are organized and integrated by the book's "3R" framework: reconceptualizing governance to reflect ecological risks and interdependencies better, reconnecting with stakeholders, and reframing administrative rationality. Extensive cross-references pull the chapters together. A broad reference list enables readers to pursue topics further.
Contributors Regina S. Axelrod, Robert F. Durant, Kirk Emerson, Daniel J. Fiorino, Anne J. Kantel, David M. Konisky, Michael E. Kraft, Jennifer Kuzma, Richard Morgenstern, Tina Nabatchi, Rosemary O'Leary, Barry Rabe, Walter A. Rosenbaum, Stacy D. VanDeveer, Paul Wapner
Environmental Governance Reconsidered
This survey of current issues and controversies in environmental policy and management is unique in its thematic mix, broad coverage of key debates and approaches, and in-depth analysis of concepts treated less thoroughly in other texts. The contributing authors, all distinguished scholars or practitioners, offer a comprehensive examination of key topics in environmental governance today, including perspectives from environmental economics, democratic theory, public policy, law, political science, and public administration. Environmental Governance Reconsidered is the first book to integrate these wide-ranging topics and perspectives thematically in one volume.
Many are calling for a change in the bureaucratic, adversarial, technology-based regulatory approach that is the basis for much environmental policy—a move from "rule-based" to "results-based" regulation. Each of the thirteen chapters in Environmental Governance Reconsidered critically examines one aspect of this "second generation" of environmental reform, assesses its promise-versus-performance to date, and points out future challenges and opportunities. The first section of the book, "Reconceptualizing Purpose," discusses the concepts of sustainability, global interdependence, the precautionary principle, and common pool resource theory. The second section, "Reconnecting with Stakeholders," examines deliberative democracy, civic environmentalism, environmental justice, property rights and regulatory takings, and environmental conflict resolution. The final section, "Redefining Administrative Rationality," analyzes devolution, regulatory flexibility, pollution prevention, and third-party environmental management systems auditing. This book will benefit students, scholars, managers, natural resource specialists, policymakers, and reformers and is ideal for class adoption.


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Hieromartyr Haralambos, bishop of Magnesia in Thessaly, and the Martyrs Porphyrius, Baptos and 3 Women Martyrs (202)
Virgin-martyrs Ennatha, Valentina and Paula of Palestine (308)
Zeno of Caesarea
Synaxis of Holy Hierarchs of Novgorod: Joachim, Luke, Herman, Arcadius, Gregory, Martirius, Anthony, Basil, and Simeon
Venerable Longinus of Vologda (1540)
Holy Right-Believing Great Princess Anna of Novgorod (1056)
"Fiery Appearance" Icon of the Mother of God
Monday of the 35th week after Pentecost
2 Pet 1.20-2.9 (Epistle)
My beloved,knowing this first, that no prophecy of Scripture is of any private interpretation, for prophecy never came by the will of man, but holy men of God spoke as they were moved by the Holy Spirit. But there were also false prophets among the people, even as there will be false teachers among you, who will secretly bring in destructive heresies, even denying the Lord who bought them, and bring on themselves swift destruction. And many will follow their destructive ways, because of whom the way of truth will be blasphemed. By covetousness they will exploit you with deceptive words; for a long time their judgment has not been idle, and their destruction does not slumber. For if God did not spare the angels who sinned, but cast them down to hell and delivered them into chains of darkness, to be reserved for judgment; and did not spare the ancient world, but saved Noah, one of eight people, a preacher of righteousness, bringing in the flood on the world of the ungodly; and turning the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah into ashes, condemned them to destruction, making them an example to those who afterward would live ungodly; and delivered righteous Lot, who was oppressed by the filthy conduct of the wicked (for that righteous man, dwelling among them, tormented his righteous soul from day to day by seeing and hearing their lawless deeds) – then the Lord knows how to deliver the godly out of temptations and to reserve the unjust under punishment for the day of judgment,
The Lord said to His disciples: watch out for yourselves, for they will deliver you up to councils, and you will be beaten in the synagogues. You will be brought before rulers and kings for My sake, for a testimony to them. And the gospel must first be preached to all the nations. But when they arrest you and deliver you up, do not worry beforehand, or premeditate what you will speak. But whatever is given you in that hour, speak that; for it is not you who speak, but the Holy Spirit. Now brother will betray brother to death, and a father his child; and children will rise up against parents and cause them to be put to death. And you will be hated by all for My name's sake. But he who endures to the end shall be saved.


Gabriel of Urantia was the son of a steelworker, born and raised in a Roman Catholic, Italian family (read Gabriel's memorial to his father). He grew up in a tough, blue-collar neighborhood in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Even so, Gabriel's artistic nature blossomed at a young age; at age 6 he began singing on street corners and in 1960, at 14 he formed his first professional harmony group and went on to perform in night clubs and to record his first two albums in the 1960's. Gabriel also had a love for theater and studied at the Pittsburgh Playhouse.
Gabriel was 24 when he turned his life completely over to God and service to humanity. He left the nightclub scene realizing he was meant to write and perform uplifting, spiritual songs for people searching for meaning and hope. Over and above his musical calling was his calling to serve. Gabriel worked as a counselor and minister in various service organizations and halfway houses such as the Nicki Cruz Outreach, Centrum of Hollywood, Youth With A Mission, and many others. He then went on to start his own halfway house in Tucson, Arizona in 1977 called SonLight Ministries where he took in the poor, homeless, alcoholics, and addicts. At the same time, Gabriel served as a volunteer chaplain for the county jail in Tucson and for a federal prison in Mexico where he also provided food, clothing, and counseling to the needy. His spiritual journey led him to study various world religions. He explored monastic life at Holy Trinity Monastery in St. David's, Arizona; Pecos Monastery in New Mexico; and the Third Order Franciscan Community in Montrose, Colorado.
Gabriel's spiritual search led him to discover The URANTIA Book and to meet Niánn Emerson Chase. Together they co-founded Global Community Communications Alliance in 1989. Gabriel and Niann's union formed a complementary relationship that would birth their shared vision of creating a sustainable culture of unified diversity within divine pattern. They continue to help others manifest the tools they need to heal, grow, and actualize their highest potentials. Within Global Community Communications Alliance nonprofit organization Gabriel and Niánn have co-founded dozens of other sister nonprofit outreaches to serve humanity and create a higher culture.


text:
Tyler, the Creator Directs New Converse Ad Featuring Henry Rollins, Vince Staples, and More: Watch
Featuring a meeting of "The Really Cool Converse Club"
By Eric Torres
Henry Rollins in "The Really Cool Converse Club," directed by Wolf Haley
Tyler, the Creator has directed a new advertisement for Converse. Featuring cameos from Henry Rollins, Vince Staples, Tim Meadows, and more, the clip centers on a meeting of "The Really Cool Converse Club," which includes greasers, punks, pirates, and more, who convene to revoke membership from one of their own (played by Meadows). Check out the clip, as well as an extended version, below.
Last month, Tyler released his latest album, Call Me If You Get Lost, which became his second LP to hit No. 1 on the Billboard 200. All of the visuals from the album have been self-directed, including "Lemonhead," "Corso," "Lumberjack," and more.
Read Alphonse Pierre's "Tyler, the Creator, Doja Cat, and What It Means to Be a 'Real' Rapper in 2021."
TagsVideoTyler, the CreatorRap


This student workbook contains a conceptual description of Multiplication along with daily activities, worksheets, story problems and recording charts designed to illustrate commutative properties.Use with Wrap-ups for an unbeatable combination to learn Multiplication facts FAST! 62 pages.
Don't topple the tower! Players race to make 10 by stacking a number cube on top of the last one placed for a fun way to build early addition skills. It's a game of quick thinking and steady hands. How high can you go? Stack all of your cubes first, and win! Includes 30 durable, soft foam cubes for easy stacking and quiet game play. Cube measure 1"L x 1" H. For 2 – 4 players.
This classroom edition features 96 double-sided, 4'' x 4'' cards. 1 Dot, 2 Dot & 3 Dot. Three levels of challenge. Cards offer three levels of difficulty. Easy, 1 Dot cards are easy, 2 Dot cards are medium and 3 Dot cards are tough. How to play Single Digits. Object of the game is to make 24. You can add, subtract, multiply and divide. Use all four numbers on a card, but use each number only once. There is at least one solution to every card.
Double-sided, 4'' x 4'' cards. 1 Dot, 2 Dot & 3 Dot. Three levels of challenge. Cards offer three levels of difficulty. Easy, 1 Dot cards are easy, 2 Dot cards are medium and 3 Dot cards are tough. How to play Double Digits. Object of the game is to make 24. You can add, subtract, multiply and divide. Use all four numbers on a card, but use each number only once. There is at least one solution to every card.
Flashy by design! Build student confidence and skills using fun-filled flash cards. This pack, complete with activities, teaches addition facts through 12. Watch students enjoy learning and build skills on their own or with their friends… at school, home, or on the go! Durable, no-see-through cards. Quick sorting, rounded corners. Self-checking, answers on card backs. 56 two-sided cards, 3⅛" x 5¼".


The snowy Vermont pine prelit artificial tree have different styles of PVC branches. There are two sizes of snow trees both with clear lights to choose from.
7.5 Foot Hawthorne Fir Designer Artificial Christmas Trees.
These Hawthorne Fir designer artificial Christmas trees have PVC medium green branches with tapered tips that are lightly frosted.
This heavy flocked artificial tree comes lite with 900 multi colored mini lights. The white tree cames with hinged branches for ease of setup. The tree has a strong steel stand.
This flocked Christmas tree has a traditional Sierra tree profile. The PVC tree is 10 feet tall by 70 inches wide. It has 1450 Italian LED lights and 2302 branch tips. There is a heavy duty metal tree stand included.


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Lyra McKee – Two People Arrested
Police in Northern Ireland have arrested two teenagers in connection with the killing of the journalist Lyra McKee in Derry. The suspects, aged 18 and 19, were detained under anti-terrorism legislation and taken to a police station in Belfast for questioning, the Police Service of Northern Ireland said in a statement on Saturday morning. The arrests followed the release of …
RIP Lindsey Kemp
Lindsay Kemp, performer and choreographer, born 3 May 1938; died 24 August 2018 Read The Guardian Obituary here
Connie Kurtz (1936 – 2018)
Game-changing activist Connie Kurtz, a subject (along with her wife, Ruth Berman) of the 2002 documentary Ruthie and Connie: Every Room in the House who famously sued the New York City Board of Education for domestic-partner benefits in the late 1980s, died Sunday at 81 in her home in West Palm Beach, Fla., following a long illness, according to Gay City News. Born …
Peter Wyngarde ? circa-1927 – 15th January 2018
The actor who played the suave Jason King in the early seventies has died aged around 90. His character was a sophisticated lady-killer whilst the real Peter Wyngarde was a gay man whose career was brought to an abrupt halt after he was prosecuted for cottaging in Gloucester coach station and a public convenience in Birmingham. What is less well-known …
Cyrille Regis (1959 – 2018)
by Darryl Telles, a gay BAME football fanatic who and author of "We're Queer And We Should Be Here – The Perils And Pleasures Of Being A Gay Football Fan" a book about being such. This is his appreciation of the contribution Cyrille Regis made to challenging prejudice in football. Cyrille Regis who died today at the age of 59 was a pioneer …
Liz MacKean November 1964 – 18 August 2017
Liz MacKean, the pioneering journalist and investigative reporter who exposed Jimmy Saville as a serial child-sex abuser and created the documentary 'Hunted'; exposing the use of social media to entrap and torture gay and bisexual men in Russia, has died aged 52. The Guardian obituary can be accessed here
A Tribute To Martyn Hett
By Dylan Jones May 24, 2017 From QX Magazine earlier this morning, Martyn Hett was reported as one of the victims of Monday night's Manchester Arena attack. The feeling in the QX office, and no doubt among hundreds of other people in our community this morning, is one of numb devastation. Martyn was not only one of our readers and contributors, …
Gilbert Baker June 2, 1951 – March 30, 2017
Gilbert Baker, designer of the internationally famous Rainbow Flag, has died aged 65. Sadly he will not be around to celebrate the fortieth anniversary of his iconic symbol in 2018. For the Herald Scotland obituary click here
Pete Burns 5 August 1959 – 23 October 2016
Report from The Guardian here
Wenche Lowzow 27 May 1926 – 24 September 2016
The first lesbian MP in Norway has passed away at the age of 90. Wenche Lowzow was a pioneer in gay rights in the country and has passed away after complications that stemmed from long term illness. She represented Oslo Høyre and served in the Norwegian parliament between the period of 1977 and 1985. She then went on to work …


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Q: Subtract argument-specific column mean in pandas DataFrame I would like to calculate and subtract an argument specific (here industry-specific) mean by columns using a Panda Dataframe.
My data look as follows:
NAT SEC     2006    2007    2008
AUS D01T03  6750.0  7138.0  ...
AUS D09     4926.0  6092.0  ...
AUT D01T03  4926.0  5969.0  ...
AUT D09     3381.0  3310.0  ...
BEL D01T03  11733.0 12883.0 ...
BEL D09     1938.0  1937.0  ...

Now I would like to calculate separately, or directly (as possible), the mean of both arguments in column SEC which looks as follows:
TYP     SEC     2006    2007    ...
Mean    D01T03  7803.0  8663.3  ...
Mean    D09     3415.0  4049.6  ...

In the final step, I would like to subtract this (in this case industry-specific) mean from the "original" DataFrame. Thus it could look like this:
NAT SEC     2006    2007    2008
AUS D01T03  -1053.0 ... ...
AUS D09     1511.0  ... ...
AUT D01T03  -2877.0 ... ...
AUT D09     -34.0   ... ...
BEL D01T03  3930.0  ... ...
BEL D09     -1477.0 ... ...

Unfortunately, I did not find any suitable threads until now and would be very happy if someone of you could please help me here or forward the suitable thread! Thank you in advance!
Best regards
Alex

A: IIUC, a combination of groupby and subtraction should suffice
#set SEC as index
df = df.set_index('SEC').sort_index()

#aggregate the mean by the index
aggregation = df.groupby(level=0).mean()

#get the numeric only columns
num_cols = df.filter(regex='\d').columns

#assign the difference between the numeric columns and the aggregates back to the dataframe
df.loc[:,num_cols] = df.filter(regex='\d').sub(aggregation)

#sort by NAT
df = df.sort_values('NAT')

df

        NAT 2006    2007
SEC
D01T03  AUS -1053.0 -1525.333333
D09     AUS 1511.0  2312.333333
D01T03  AUT -2877.0 -2694.333333
D09     AUT -34.0   -469.666667
D01T03  BEL 3930.0  4219.666667
D09     BEL -1477.0 -1842.666667


21 Savage has released new horror flick-inspired visuals for his latest track, "All The Smoke."
Directed by Matthew Swinsky, the smoke-filled video takes place in the dark of night, and plays much like a scary movie, matching the creeping track, which is produced by Southside.
"Dropped outta school, went and bought a tool / Got a deuce deuce, time to act a fool," he raps on the dark track.
He's has been relatively quiet since the release of the Metro Boomin' produced Savage Mode last year, despite recently signing to Epic Records at the top of the year, prior to L.A. Reid's ousting. He has, however, promised that a new album is coming soon, though there's no word on a firm release date as of yet.
At any rate, for now, you can check out the chilling video above.