text:
Discover Egypt and the Nile Valley
Date:October 14 - 27, 2021
Pricing:From $5,995 per person, airfare not included
Physical Activity Level
Type: Land|River Cruise
Region: Africa/Middle East
Tour Operator:Orbridge
Download Brochure Learn More
Wander the fabled land of pharaohs and kings—where colossal pyramids, legendary tombs, and towering temples cascade across the terrain. The mighty Nile River welcomes you for an unhurried journey that reveals seemingly limitless vistas of infinite deserts contrasted by metropolitan cities. From biblical times through to modern day, Egypt has been the site of monumental historical events, staggering technological achievements, and compelling human stories.
During this 14-day expedition, traverse the Nile Valley like past explorers and discover ancient treasures including the Great Sphinx, the Temple of Horus, and the tombs of El Kab. Accompanied by expert Egyptologists, you'll gain in-depth knowledge of Egypt and its antiquities. Then in the evenings, relax among some of the area's most opulent hotels.
This all-meals-included program also features an exclusive four-night cruise on the Nile River aboard a private dahabiya. This deluxe, 14-guest sailing vessel offers the opportunity to see life on the Nile from a different perspective. As an additional benefit, this unique vessel ports on differing days than larger cruise ships, providing guests a less crowded, more intimate experience while viewing the ancient sites.
Trip Itinerary:
October 14 En Route from U.S.
October 15 Arrive Cairo, Egypt
Welcome to Cairo—Egypt's buzzing capital city of over 22 million residents. Settle into your first-class accommodations to refresh and enjoy the remainder of the evening at leisure. Awake tomorrow to the extraordinary views of the pyramids outside your room.
Overnight: Marriott Mena House
October 16 Cairo / Giza
Visit the iconic Great Pyramid of Giza—the oldest of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World—and the Great Sphinx, impressively carved from a single mass of limestone.
Tour the newly opened Grand Egyptian Museum—the largest archaeological museum in the world. This structure is a state-of-the-art, glass and concrete space that takes guests on a chronological journey of four eras: pre-dynastic and Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, New Kingdom, and Greco-Roman.
The new museum displays for the first time the full collection of artifacts from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including the gold mask and sarcophagus, jewels, throne and chariots, all fully restored. The exhibition delves deeper into King Tut's lifestyle with displays on what he ate and how he dressed. Once thought to be a lost cause, conservationists created a new restoration technique to bring back to life Tutankhamun's intricate sandals, which date back more than 3,500 years.
Overnight: Marriott Mena House (B,L,D)
October 17 Cairo / Memphis / Cairo
After breakfast, set out for a short drive to the ancient city of Memphis, dating from around 3,100 BC. It's the legendary city of King Menes—who united upper and lower Egypt and controlled the land and water routes between the two. This area features approximately 19 miles of necropolises, including Sakkara—host to the kings of the 1st and 2nd Dynasty—with the oldest known of Egypt's 107 pyramids.
Ascend to the medieval Citadel of Cairo for lunch overlooking the city, then continue to the imposing Mosque of Sultan Hassan. Next, visit some of Cairo's ancient Coptic churches and learn more about this minority ethnoreligious group. Then stroll through one of the largest bazaars in the Middle East—Khan El-Khalili. Founded in the 14th century, this lively market (or souk) is a labyrinth of vendors selling colorful fresh spices, traditional foods and fabrics, and baubles and trinkets. Beyond the bustling crowds, glimpse the unique archways and vaulted ceilings designed in original Mamluk-style architecture—Islamic art that became prevalent during the Mamluk Dynasty.
Overnight: Marriott Mena House (B,L)
October 18 Cairo / Flight to Sohag / Abydos / Luxor
After a boxed breakfast, check out of the Mena House and transfer to Cairo Airport to board a flight to the city of Sohag. A short drive brings us to the ancient city of Abydos, which boasts some of the finest carvings and colors in all of Egypt. Wander the halls of the impressive Temple of Seti I, which was dedicated to the god of the underworld, Osiris. Also on display is the Abydos King List — a carved list of the names of 76 former kings of ancient Egypt.
Next, a drive from Abydos to Luxor provides the unique opportunity to observe daily life in rural Egypt. Upon arrival, check in to the elegant Sofitel Winter Palace.
Overnight: Sofitel Winter Palace Luxor (B,L,D)
October 19 Luxor
Today, travel across the Nile to the west bank of Luxor. At the famous Valley of the Kings—designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1978—descend into the elaborately decorated tombs of Egypt's most influential rulers, including Tutankhamun.
Next, admire the Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut, one of the few female pharaohs. This grand temple, framed by massive limestone cliffs, is notable for its precise architectural features.
After lunch, return to the hotel for free time to have a beverage on the terrace or stroll the tranquil gardens.
Tonight, explore the majestic Luxor Temple by night and enjoy its illuminated beauty. The impressive temple, around 850 feet long and about 213 feet across from the front, is located in the center of the city and was buried for centuries before its full excavation was completed in 1960. Enjoy the special opportunity to admire this structure by night, when dramatic lighting enhances its intricacies.
Overnight: Sofitel Winter Palace Luxor (B,L)
October 20 Luxor / Esna – Embarkation
This morning we explore the Karnak Temple Complex—the largest man-made religious building on the east bank of Luxor and one of the most important places of worship during the New Kingdom. This site is a fusion of stone structures, including an avenue of human-headed sphinxes, grand pylons, and towering obelisks, which experienced various phases of construction and restoration over a nearly 2,000-year period.
A short drive to Esna brings you to your sailing vessel and home-away-from-home for the following four days. After a relaxing lunch, settle into your stateroom and spend time lounging on the sun deck as you watch the peaceful scenery go by. Join fellow travelers for dinner this evening.
Overnight: Dahabiya (B,L,D)
October 21 Nile River / El Kab / Edfu
Enjoy a leisurely breakfast before setting out with your Egyptologist on a guided tour to El Kab, one of the oldest settlements of upper Egypt and now a famous necropolis with remarkable tombs of nobles and army generals.
Continue to the city of Edfu for a tour of the Ptolemaic Temple of Horus—the most complete and best-preserved temple in Egypt. Horus, the principal god of resurrection, is depicted in his role as avenger of his father, Osiris, who was murdered by his brother, Seth. Although construction of this temple was finished only a few decades before the rise of Antony and Cleopatra, its design reflects traditional pharaonic architecture.
For the remainder of the day, enjoy the plentiful amenities of the dahabiya. This evening, prepare to dine on a lavish buffet of Egyptian specialties presented with a performance of local music and dancing.
October 22 Edfu / Nile / Kom Ombo
After a leisurely morning sailing up the river, visit Gebel el-Silsila, an ancient quarry where the pharaohs excavated sandstone and limestone to build their temples. The site also houses numerous tombs dating back to the 18th Dynasty.
Gather for a special barbecue dinner this evening on a nearby island.
October 23 Kom Ombo / Nile / Aswan
Today, explore the unique Temple of Kom Ombo. Designed for and dedicated to two gods, Horus and Sobek (the ancient god of crocodiles), it's actually two temples in one. Captive crocodiles were once kept within the temple, and mummified crocodiles can be seen in the sanctuary today.
Now, there are no crocodiles north of the Aswan High Dam, but in ancient times a robust population lived in the Nile's waters. The ancient Egyptians believed that by worshipping Sobek they were protecting themselves from these predators.
Return to the dahabiya to cruise to Aswan, and partake in a final gala dinner on board.
October 24 Aswan – Disembarkation
Disembark after breakfast and travel to the Aswan High Dam for a look at contemporary Egyptian construction on a monumental scale. The dam sits 364-feet high with a volume of 57,940,000 cubic yards. The annual flooding of the Nile can now be controlled as the dam collects floodwaters, which can be released manually to maximize benefits for farmland, river flowage, and electric power.
Later, take a motorboat ride to the island of Agilkia, site of the temples of Philae. The most famous temple was dedicated to the goddess Isis and was constructed in the 6th century BCE. The site also features the last known inscription written in Egyptian hieroglyphs, dated to 394 CE.
Enjoy free time at the hotel to refresh and re-energize before setting out to stroll Aswan's famous market, Sharia as-Souq. Discover endless displays of aromatic flowers and spices, hand-crafted perfumes, colorful carpets, and other Egyptian and African goods.
Overnight: Sofitel Legend Cataract (B,L)
October 25 Aswan
After breakfast at the hotel, head directly across the Nile to Elephantine Island, which was an important trading center. Today, it is the only ongoing excavation site that is open to tourists. Afterward, take a peaceful ride through one of the Nile's cataracts, a rocky passageway that prevented boats from sailing the river from Equatorial Africa to Egypt.
Indulge in a special lunch at a traditional Nubian restaurant. The remainder of the day is yours to partake in the amenities at the hotel or to explore Aswan on your own.
Overnight: Sofitel Legend Cataract (B,D)
October 26 Aswan / Optional Abu Simbel Excursion / Flight to Cairo
After breakfast, guests joining the optional excursion will check out and transfer to Aswan International Airport for the brief flight to Abu Simbel. There, tour the impressive temples before flying to Aswan for a connecting flight to Cairo. (You may purchase this optional excursion in advance from our Guest Services team. We recommend you reserve early for best availability as space is limited.)
Remaining guests will enjoy leisure time at the property. Take advantage of the outdoor infinity pool overlooking the Nile River, re-energize in the modern fitness center, or enjoy tea al fresco at The Terrace with inspiring views of Temple of Khnum and Elephantine Island.
Later, transfer to the airport for a brief flight to Cairo for your final evening in Egypt, featuring a special farewell dinner with fellow travelers.
Overnight: Le Méridien Cairo Airport (B,L,D)
October 27 Cairo / Depart for U.S.
Use the skybridge conveniently connecting the hotel to Terminal 3 of Cairo International Airport for flights home. (B)
Back to all trips


BOOST® products include a line of nutritional drinks designed for individuals who need extra nutrition to fill gaps in their diets, who have lost their appetite, and generally to boost energy in individuals and children. In the digital age, fewer numbers of children prefer to go out and play compared to sitting in and playing video games. Keeping this in mind, Boost teamed up with Krayon to create an exciting event for children to encourage sports among students while improving brand recall.
Since cricket is the most popular sports in the country it was chosen as the sports for the event. This event encouraged students towards cricket and also provided them with a platform to learn and sharpen their bowling skills under the guidance of popular Australian fast bowler Brett Lee. Students who participated in the event got an opportunity to learn the tricks of bowling from one of the world's best bowler who also helped boost their hidden talent.


NECESSITY, they say, is the mother of inventions. This cliché well describes Nigeria's ongoing hunt for whatever is called revenue to avoid shutdown in the face of dwindling economic fortunes occasioned by volatility in oil prices — the country's major revenue and foreign exchange earner.
In this quest to cover the tottering revenue profile, three things have become outstanding, as well as recurring over the years. They have also had similar historic background. In no particular order, they are 'Diversification', 'Stamp Duties Act' and 'Treasury Single Account (TSA)'.
The word diversification almost became a mantra in the administration of former President Goodluck Jonathan, and was propelled by palpable fears that what is presently hurting the economy could overtake the leadership during the tenure of the government. In fact, the price of crude oil assumed its cascading posture then.
Historically, in 2005, the oil price volatility, which lasted for eight months, may have been fresh in the mind of the then Finance Minister and Coordinating Minister of the Economy, Dr. Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, because she served then in the government of former President Olusegun Obasanjo.
Perhaps, she orchestrated the raised consciousness of the diversification campaign in the last administration, as she saw the 'handwriting' of the impending international crude oil price volatility on the 'wall'. First, she hurriedly declared austerity measure, followed by a proposal to tax all the luxury items, which revenue stream was calculated in billions.
Then, the campaign for diversification. Unfortunately, the country could not diversify at the end, because oil revenue was still streaming, though at a diminishing rate. The tax proposal never got mentioned in the National Assembly for legal backing. Again, diversification has currently emerged as a way out of the present economic doldrums.
The Federal Government drags in almost everything in an unprecedented search for resources to fund budget 2016 in the face of vanishing oil fortunes.
The TSA, possibly, was made popular by the current administration, but it is certainly not the originator. It was scripted to manage 'undercurrents' in the administration of the country's public finance management system. It was not only a revenue management strategy, but also a revenue retainer and earner.
A Professor of Public Sector Accounting at Kogi State University, Stephen Ocheni, attested to the fact that global economies, particularly the developing countries like Nigeria are facing one of the greatest challenges of efficient allocation of resources, as well as stabilisation of the business cycles.
The outcome, he said, is the basis for the current global revolution in government accounting, following which Nigeria towed the path of the Treasury Single Account (TSA), among other economic policies, in expectations of taming the tide of corruption.
"An important factor for efficient management and control of government's cash resources is a unified structure of government banking. Such unified banking arrangements should be designed to minimise the cost of government borrowing and maximize the opportunity cost of cash resources," he said.
Judging from the revelations of the ongoing probe in the country, it would be apt to conclude that what killed TSA initiative in the last administration was actually what TSA came to kill. Indeed, it was not enforced and quietly its existence went into oblivion. We are still watching to see the trickling effects of the changed TSA drive, but in all, its rediscovery is tainted by necessity.
The Federal Government also stumbled into a 12-year old law called Stamp Duties Act 2004. Perhaps, as part of its brand of diversification project. The law, lying prostate since the year of enactment, it is obvious that the current administration is rewarded for dexterity and purposeful research into the constitutional provisions of the land. It still remains arguable why this new found opportunity is not a panicky move, because the traditional leadership style of the country has been marked by sitting quietly in the comfort zone as long as oil keeps churning out allocatable funds for the three tiers of government.
Could it be the real change?
Whether the real diversification will be recorded this time or not, it is still a matter of time. Whether TSA implementation and stamp duties deductions will remain part of the country's public finance management and revenue earnings' strategy, even when the economy rebounds, it is left in the 'hands' of posterity.
For analysts, the moves by the government represents a dynamic approach to governance, because they are bound to bring about improved resources in the hands of the government.
Already, the Governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria, Godwin Emefiele, has said that given the clarity in the policy direction of the administration, the various interventions in the real sector, gradual improvement in the power sector, and the reinvigorated fight against corruption, the country would come out better.
Of course, the central accounts of TSA initiative and Stamp Duties' deductions are domiciled at CBN, while it also remains strategic to the renewed diversification agenda through its interventions- foreign exchange policy, import substitution campaign and cheap credit system, among others. CBN certainly knows better.
The Head of Investment Research at Sterling Capital Limited, Sewa Wusu, said the move was legal and borne out of the circumstances the country is going through, which has heightened macroeconomic issues.
"It is a fiscal strategy, sort of, to meet budget spendings. Even though, some will complain, it is a fiscal response to economic challenge. The Act has been there and this shows that there are other opportunities in the economy. This type of laws is obtainable in other jurisdictions.
A development consultant and civil society activist, Jide Ojo, also declared that the enforcement of the stamp duty law as a welcome development, but only raised concern about remittances of the deducted values.
"Transparent and accountable mechanisms must therefore, be in place so that the public is duly informed about income from this source and what it is being used for. There should also be adequate sensitisation of the banking public on this law," he said.
The Executive Director, Corporate Finance, BGL Capital Limited, Femi Ademola, said that Nigeria has not been enforcing most of its revenue generating laws and thus, not collecting the necessary revenue.
"We, the citizens, all have to contribute to our economic survival. Due to the prolonged oil price decline, our economic stability is being threatened. To survive the current crisis will require very painful decisions to be made and implemented and the pain would be felt across board," he said.


Considering the Eleven Madison Park team is opening a two-story "Four Seasons on steroids," the Carbone trio is taking over the actual Four Seasons, and Anthony Bourdain is plotting a massive food hall at Pier 57 — the new status New York restaurant is big, bold, and inside a giant and expensive hunk of real estate. Daniel Boulud's next restaurant will open in 2020, inside midtown's One Vanderbilt Avenue, a 1,401-foot skyscraper.
Not only will Boulud operate an 11,000-square-foot fine-dining restaurant on the second floor of the tower, he'll also have a grab-and-go Épicerie on the ground floor. The building's development costs $3.14 billion, so you can expect a sprawling, stunning space for the 100-plus-seat concept. Aside from his flagship restaurant, Daniel, Boulud has focused more on casual offshoots, so it'll be fascinating to see how he elevates, and potentially modernizes, this style of cooking.


text:
Q: IE11 - Language Detection with navigator.language not working I've got a function running in a React app to detect a users browser language, this then updates the language preference for the site and serves the site as either en-GB (default), en-US or zh-Hans. The script only updates the language of the site if some variant of en-US or zh-Hans is detected.
Function which is causing the error is:
function* setLanguageFromBrowserSettings() {
  let lang = null;
  if ((navigator.languages[0] === "en-US") || (navigator.languages[0] === "en")) {
    lang = "en-US";
    console.log("Language set to en-US");
  } else if ((navigator.languages[0] === "zh") || (navigator.languages[0] === "zh-CN") || (navigator.languages[0] === "zh-Hans")) {
    lang = "zh-Hans";
    console.log("Language set to zh-Hans");
  } else if ((navigator.language === "en-US") || (navigator.language === "en")) {
    lang = "en-US";
    console.log("Language set to en-US");
  } else if ((navigator.language === "zh") || (navigator.language === "zh-CN") || (navigator.language === "zh-Hans")) {
    lang = "zh-Hans";
    console.log("Language set to zh-Hans");
  }
  if (lang) {
    yield put({
      type: "Translations/SetLocale",
      payload: lang
    });
  }
}

Error message is:
uncaught at anonymous at anonymous

 at anonymous

 TypeError: Unable to get property '0' of undefined or null reference

   at setLanguageFromBrowserSettings$ (http://10.0.0.80:3001/static/js/bundle.js:124136:11)

   at tryCatch (http://10.0.0.80:3001/static/js/bundle.js:85481:7)

   at invoke (http://10.0.0.80:3001/static/js/bundle.js:85715:9)

   at prototype[method] (http://10.0.0.80:3001/static/js/bundle.js:85533:9)

   at next (http://10.0.0.80:3001/static/js/bundle.js:83498:9)

   at proc (http://10.0.0.80:3001/static/js/bundle.js:83457:3)

   at resolveIterator (http://10.0.0.80:3001/static/js/bundle.js:83643:5)

   at runCallEffect (http://10.0.0.80:3001/static/js/bundle.js:83704:5)

   at runEffect (http://10.0.0.80:3001/static/js/bundle.js:83617:5)

   at next (http://10.0.0.80:3001/static/js/bundle.js:83502:9)

   at currCb (http://10.0.0.80:3001/static/js/bundle.js:83575:7)

   at end (http://10.0.0.80:3001/static/js/bundle.js:83543:18)

   at task.cont (http://10.0.0.80:3001/static/js/bundle.js:83286:11)

I can get language switching to pseudo-work in IE11 by modifying the code to:
function* setLanguageFromBrowserSettings() {
  let lang = "en-US";
  if (lang) {
    yield put({
      type: "Translations/SetLocale",
      payload: lang
    });
  }
}

Which means that the problem is in this block of code:
  if ((navigator.languages[0] === "en-US") || (navigator.languages[0] === "en")) {
    lang = "en-US";
    console.log("Language set to en-US");
  } else if ((navigator.languages[0] === "zh") || (navigator.languages[0] === "zh-CN") || (navigator.languages[0] === "zh-Hans")) {
    lang = "zh-Hans";
    console.log("Language set to zh-Hans");
  } else if ((navigator.language === "en-US") || (navigator.language === "en")) {
    lang = "en-US";
    console.log("Language set to en-US");
  } else if ((navigator.language === "zh") || (navigator.language === "zh-CN") || (navigator.language === "zh-Hans")) {
    lang = "zh-Hans";
    console.log("Language set to zh-Hans");
  }

The above works fine in Chrome and Firefox - just not IE (typically).
Does anyone have any idea what could be causing the above code block to fail in IE11? Any help very gratefully received.

A: IE does not have languages property in navigator Object.
It has userLanguage and Systemlanguage.
Please check How to getting browser current locale preference using javascript?
So in case of IE you might have to check navigator.userLanguage and navigator.Systemlanguage

A: The answer related to IE11 not having access to the navigator.languages property.
Needed to modify the code (could still do with refactoring!) to check whether the navigator.languages property was present, then test for languages and return if the conditions weren't met.
function* setLanguageFromBrowserSettings() {
  if (!navigator.languages) {
    if ((navigator.language === "en-US") || (navigator.language === "en")) {
      console.log("Language set to en-US");
      yield put({
        type: "Translations/SetLocale",
        payload: "en-US"
      });
    } else if ((navigator.language === "zh") || (navigator.language === "zh-CN") || (navigator.language === "zh-Hans")) {
      console.log("Language set to zh-Hans");
      yield put({
        type: "Translations/SetLocale",
        payload: "zh-Hans"
      });
    }
    return 0;
  }
  if ((navigator.languages[0] === "en-US") || (navigator.languages[0] === "en")) {
    console.log("Language set to en-US");
    yield put({
      type: "Translations/SetLocale",
      payload: "en-US"
    });
  } else if ((navigator.languages[0] === "zh") || (navigator.languages[0] === "zh-CN") || (navigator.languages[0] === "zh-Hans")) {
    console.log("Language set to zh-Hans");
    yield put({
      type: "Translations/SetLocale",
      payload: "zh-Hans"
    });
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Jeppesen, a unit of Boeing Flight Services, introduces a new Web-based Runway Analysis service that provides aviation operators with flight critical airport, runway and aircraft performance information. The Jeppesen Runway Analysis service helps commercial, military and corporate operators reduce costs and operate more efficiently by accessing vital flight information for specific aircraft at all available worldwide airports, in an improved digital format.
The Jeppesen Runway Analysis service provides individual takeoff and landing performance calculations, developed from the industry's most comprehensive airport, runway and obstacle databases and specific aircraft performance data from aircraft manufacturers. These flight data calculations result in optimized payloads for operators that comply with regulatory requirements for engine-out procedures, in the event of an engine loss.
The new Web interface introduced with the Runway Analysis solution provides calculations for a specific aircraft at a given runway, with specific temperature, wind and runway conditions around the world. Operators are also now able to conduct several aircraft and airport calculations at the same time using the enhanced Runway Analysis service.
Detailed obstacle information in the departure path of airport runways and special departure procedures for each runway also is included, which pilots can follow to avoid obstacles and climb to a required altitude in the event of an engine loss. Additionally, calculations advise the operator what the maximum takeoff weight is for each specific departure.
The Airport Data service is available for use with an onboard performance tool or electronic flight bag (EFB) system. Jeppesen Airport Data is compatible with several aircraft systems, including the Boeing OPT, Airbus LPC, Embraer OPERA, and can also be used by systems that accept Teledyne, PACE and standard XML formats. Data is updated every 28 days, based on the AIRAC revision cycle.
Jeppesen aircraft performance information complies with the Standard Computerized Airplane Performance (SCAP) industry standard. Jeppesen Runway Analysis provides takeoff and landing performance analysis with engine-out special departure procedures for more than 3,000 airports worldwide and 300 specific airframe and engine combinations.
Future plans call for additional flight information capabilities to be added to the Jeppesen Runway Analysis service, including integration with the Jeppesen flight planning and weight and balance systems. The new Jeppesen Runway Analysis service is not available for customers operating military aircraft without an export license; please contact Jeppesen for more information.
For more information on the industry-leading commercial aviation operations and optimization solutions provided by Jeppesen, please visit our operations solutions site.


Senior Counsel, Richard Santalesa, recently hosted an hour long live webinar on The Legal Issues of Social Networking for IT Managed Service Providers ("MSPs"), in conjunction with Zenith Infotech, Ltd. and Redmond Channel Partner MSPtv. While ostensibly targeted at the MSP community, Rich's coverage of the general legal issues are applicable to any company that has or is planning to jump into the social networking waters, whether through Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn, Youtube or elsewhere.
You can watch an archived version of the webinar here. (Note: Free registration is required to view). And after watching, or if you have questions about legal aspects of social media and social networking, feel free to email Rich or the other attorneys at the INFORMATIONLAWGROUP.
Attorney Bradley Gross, and Eric Shorr of PC Troubleshooters, Inc.
The booming era of 'social networking' has opened a truly grand new frontier for inexpensive but effective ways of marketing services, reaching potential customers and supporting an existing client base. Sites such as LinkedIn, Facebook, Twitter, MySpace, Biznik, Orkut, and as new offerings popping up weekly, have taken the web by storm and captured headlines. But along with the promise, social networking also raises a range of old and new legal issues, including pitfalls and associated liabilities that span the legal spectrum.
In this webinar Attorney Richard Santalesa, Attorney Bradley Gross, and Eric Shorr of PC Troubleshooters, Inc. will discuss recommendations, best practices and considerations to keep in mind, both before and during any social networking effort, to ensure you maximize your return while limiting chances for costly legal liabilities.
Among the topics to be discussed are: smart management of your social networking policies, groups, users and employees, whether to allow third party content to be posted, defamation and other tort traps, employment policy links, as well as other timely issues that every smart MSP can use in their real world practices.
Cloud Computing Customers' "Bill of Rights"


text:
Q: Want to use index.html from mvc When I loaded up my new website I have some of it using MVC and the other half using static pages.
The first page should be index.html
However when I go to http://domain, it goes directly in to the MVC controller.
It does not go to index.html, even though I have IIS pointing to this page, it might be due to the fact that I am using wild cards from within IIS, as detailed in my blog http://www.bryanavery.co.uk/post/2009/07/02/Deploying-MVC-on-IIS-6.aspx
But I need the first page to go to index.html when I select http://domain
Any ideas?

A: You could direct the path to a controller action and return the file like this:
public ActionResult Index()
{
    return File("index.html", "text/html");
}

A: Tell the routing engine to ignore index.html:
routes.IgnoreRoute("index.html");

A:     public ActionResult Index()
    {
        return new RedirectResult("index.html",true);
    }

This work for me.


Karim's is one of the most famous non vegetarian destinations located in the Jama Masjid area of Old Delhi. The popularity of this restaurant can be described by the fact that today Karim's is synonym to the area in which it is located. This place provides the best and most delicious Mughlai cuisine. None of the non-vegetarian food chain in India is more famous than Karim's. This hotel has simply created its utmost position in providing the ultimate non vegetarian dishes. The reason behind its rise is the use of the secret exotic spices which they use in their dishes.
This hotel was started by the veteran cook Haji Karimuddin who served as the royal chef in the court of the Mughals. In the year 1857, when the Mughal Empire came to end after the last ruler Bhadur Shah Zafer was overthrown by the Britishers, Haji Karimuddin had no other options but to run away from the shackles of the Britishers. He spent the next few years in the small area near the Jama Masjid. Although Haji Karimuddin was in a condition which he never expected of, he never forgot the recipes of mouthwatering dishes that he used to cook for the Mughals. During this time of struggle he taught his son all the secret recipes that were used in these dishes. Finally in the year 1911, when people from different parts of India were coming to Delhi to join the coronation ceremony of the King George V, Haji Karimuddin opened a Dhaba to help the people by providing them with the tasty food during their stay. He started by selling only two dishes. With the overwhelming response that he received, he finally opened his own restaurant in the year 1913 with a view to serve people with the dishes that he used to cook in the Mughal's kitchen. Since then this family has been serving the royal foods. At present it is the fourth generation of this family which is looking after this famous restaurant chain.
Karim's has a wide range of the main course and starters in its menu that ranges from chicken to mutton. One can simply select the dish as per their choice and experience the taste they will cherish for a long time. One of the reasons why Karim's food is famous is because of the fact that they are delicious in taste and quite spicy in flavor. After the mouthwatering meal, one can simply enjoy a variety of desserts which this place has. If you are planning to visit Delhi, then this city has lots to offer in terms of the tasty and delicious food options that will be available in front of you. But if you are one of the non-vegetarians then this is one such place which you must visit. You will surely have the pleasure of experiencing the cuisines that you have never had before.
This is not one of the very highly priced restaurants and so people from all section of the society visit this place to get the taste of the Mughlai foods. Every time you visit this place you will find it filled with people more than its capacity. From the time the restaurant opens and till it gets closed, you can find people all over it. This is the power of the delicious food that they serve. This restaurant is the recipient of the many prestigious awards such as the Golden Plate Best North Indian Restaurant Award for the year 2005. Recently when the Prime Minister of Pakistan visited India on the oath taking ceremony of the Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi, he expressed his desire to taste the food from this veteran restaurant. This shows that not only in India, people in various other countries are also aware of the finest food that this place provides and whenever they get a chance to visit India, they do take out time to visit Karim's. Even the painter M. F. Hussain had words of praise after he visited this restaurant.
Almost all the magazines and shows based on the Indian food have mentions the delicious non-vegetarian food served at the Karim's. Pioneer described Karim's as a place which is served by a family which has a rich heritage and expertise in cooking the non-vegetarian food. Not a single hotel or restaurant can match the food being served at Karim's. In one of its edition, the world famous Time magazine termed Karim's as one of the best restaurants in Asia. Leading newspapers such as The Hindu, The Sunday Observer, The Asian Age, The Indian Express and everyone else have constantly reviewed this place for their readers and have mentioned it as one of the must visit non place serving restaurant. The world's famous travel and food shows being telecasted by the National Geographic and the BBC World Guide have also praised this restaurant and have telecasted the story of a family which is so much dedicated in serving the best Mughlai dishes in India.


Tracy has been a midwife for 15 years and has been lucky enough to have worn all the midwifery hats. Tracy started her career as Colorado's only CNM attending births at home. She then morphed her home birth practice into Mountain Midwifery Center, as it's founding midwife. Tracy has also practiced at both Denver Health and Rose Medical Centers. She participated on the founding team that started four Birth Centers across the country with Baby+Co, including one in Colorado. Most recently, Tracy returned to her roots practicing midwifery in the home setting. She is also an IBCLC and enjoys working with lactating families. Tracy has attended over 600 births at home and in Birth Centers, over 250 of those waterbirths. She has attended over 200 births in the hospital setting. When not working with families, Tracy mothers her 6 children, loves traveling with her partner and enjoys gardening, reading, skiing, and camping.


text:
Arsenal News Roundup: Former striker feels Dani Ceballos doesn't deserve a permanent move, Gunners offer Juventus the chance to sign Mesut Ozil, and more - 27th December 2020
Arsenal boss Mikel Arteta
Arsenal finally ended a torrid run of results in the Premier League with a win against Chelsea on Boxing Day. They will hope to finish on a high in their final game of 2020.
Here's the latest news featuring Arsenal from 27 December 2020:
Arsenal offer Juventus the chance to sign Mesut Ozil
Mesut Ozil has been picking up a sizeable paycheck without playing for Arsenal, and the London giants are looking to offload him in January.
As per Tuttosport (h/t Inside Futbol), Arsenal will offer Juventus the chance to sign Ozil on loan until the end of the season and will pay a majority of his wages as well.
Mesut Ozil 'offered to Juventus' and Arsenal outcast could join on loan transfer for reunion with Cristiano Ronaldo https://t.co/pSw4MmmbXF
— Sun Sport (@SunSport) December 27, 2020
However, it remains to be seen if Juventus will want to sign Ozil. The German has not played any football this season and would not be a long-term acquisition.
Ozil's last appearance in the league came in March earlier this year. He was excluded from Arsenal's Premier League and Europa League squads by manager Mikel Arteta.
Kieran Tierney slammed for going down too easily
Kieran Tierney has been slammed for going down too easily in Arsenal's recent game against Chelsea
Former Chelsea striker Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink has slammed Kieran Tierney for going down too easily during the London derby on Boxing Day.
Arsenal took the lead through an Alexandre Lacazette penalty after Reece James was adjudged to have fouled Tierney in the Chelsea penalty box.
Replays suggest there was minimal contact, but even slight contact is considered as a foul in the penalty area these days.
Hasselbaink, however, explained that James did not make any contact with Tierney:
"I think it's ridiculous to be giving these kind of penalties. We are talking about VAR. You have the luxury to look at it. Go and look at it. And who is looking off the pitch?
"We all see that it's a challenge but he doesn't make any contact, James. Tierney is already going down before that arm is coming across, so it's a nice Christmas present for Arsenal," Hasselbaink said.
Dani Ceballos doesn't deserve a permanent move to Arsenal, feels former striker Kevin Campbell
Former Arsenal striker Kevin Campbell feels on-loan midfielder Dani Ceballos has not done enough to earn a permanent move to the Emirates.
Ceballos had a decent spell with the Gunners last season, but his impact this term has not been as good. The north London giants have struggled for creativity this season, and Ceballos' poor form hasn't helped them.
The Spaniard has played 13 times for Arsenal in the league but has managed just one assist so far and has largely had an underwhelming season.
That three point feeling 🥰#ARSCHE pic.twitter.com/HZb6oUeGD4
— Arsenal (@Arsenal) December 27, 2020
Campbell highlighted how Ceballos' form has dropped off form last season. He told Football Insider:
"I do not think he has done enough to justify a permanent move. At the back end of last season he was playing really well and when Arsenal went back in for him I thought he was really going to kick on but everything has come crashing down at the same time."
Premier League 2020-21 Arsenal Daniel Ceballos Arsenal Transfer News

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


About two weeks ago I lugged my over-sized duffle bag up a gravel trail to Chalet Martin, the hostel that would become my home for the next three weeks…or two months. I wasn't sure what I was getting myself into. I had "met" the owners via WorkAway and we'd both agreed to commit to at least three weeks of a volunteer exchange — I helped out around the hostel [changing beds, basic housekeeping, etc] in exchange for a place to stay. As I walked in the hostel reminded me of the farm house I grew up in — a mud room for shoes + gear and cement stairs that led up to the creaky wood floors of the main level. I was home.
The Chalet Martin hostel is a huge house — three stories of dorms, private bedrooms and cozy living nooks — nestled into the mountainside, overlooking a valley, and gazing out at a rugged mountain range. Turns out this little town of Gryon is basically the Silverthorne of Switzerland and just a short drive up the mountain is Switzerland's version of Keystone. Like I said, I found home. Almost literally.
Back when I was a college kid [which is actually quite a long time ago, contrary to what I've let a few people assume] my entrepreneurship capstone project revolved around a small hotel in the mountains catering to snowboarders and mountain adventurers. In my mind it would be a casual setting without stringent rules, run primarily by mutual respect and shared goals. I had no idea how to make it happen, I just knew it has to be possible, some how. Nearly 10 years ago that was my dream job, the life I wanted. Today I'm living in that setting.
Chalet Martin doesn't quite fit all the original parameters of the imaginary hotel in my capstone project [granted, at that time I'd never been to a hostel and had years of very corporate, franchised hotel experience] but in my version of today's world, it's perfect. It has character and personality. It's run by two amazing people [Merlin + Gemma] who are balancing the responsibilities of hostel management and raising two children. It's perched above a tiny town with cute cafes and ancient stone churches.
There is a basement gear room full of snowboards, skis, snowshoes and everything needed for wintry fun. The backyard has a play house, a fire pit, a massive deck and a slack line. The kitchen has all the fixings for baking cookies and pies and cupcakes. There is a movie room and a cozy living room and a bright sun room.
Oh, and it is literally 5 minutes away from miles and miles of trails. Trails that lead up mountains, trails that run along deep gorges, trails that weave through mini mountain towns. The nearby ski resort is maybe 15 minutes away on the local train. Not to mention the rock climbing just down the road.
In short, I'm kind of in love. I only committed to three weeks of work before I arrived…but it took only two days for me to realize three weeks would not be enough. Luckily they don't hate me [something to do with my ability to bounce the baby to sleep] and they are letting me hang out, er help out, for another six weeks. And I keep toying with the idea of returning for the snowy season. Yea, it's been that great, even with the odd tourists.


Metrics are able to provide insights into the download rate and usage of your guide. There are a few different areas in Builder where you can access Metrics—for a guide, for your Builder organization, and for your app.
If you are looking for tools to measure user engagement and/or track specific user activities in your guide, click here to learn about Audience Insights.
We hope the data helps you determine what went well and what you can improve to ensure your users have a great experience. Please reach out to your Account Manager if you would like to discuss your metrics in greater detail. We're always happy to brainstorm tactics to help you reach your goals, whether you would like to tweak your promotional strategy or learn more guide-building tips and tricks.
To learn more about real clients that have chosen to go mobile with Guidebook, and to see event technology best practices, visit our blog. It is the most approachable and complete resource for all things mobile technology, mobile apps, and your planning career. We even run a special series on metrics written by our resident Data Scientist, Patrick McNally.
Questions? We're here to help. Reach out to us at support@guidebook.com.


A great place to start your visit is our Headquarters Visitors Center. Displays and exhibits focus on the wildlife and history of the refuge. Refuge staff can answer questions to make your visit safe and more enjoyable. Open Monday-Friday 8:00 AM to 4:30 PM, closed holidays. The Refuge is open during daylight hours every day.
As practiced on Refuges, hunting, trapping, and fishing do not pose a threat to wildlife populations, and in some instances are necessary for sound wildlife management. For example, because their natural predators are gone, deer populations will often grow too large for the refuge habitat to support.
Archery, muzzleloader, and rifle deer hunting permits are issued for Waubay through the South Dakota lottery for special seasons. No other hunting is allowed on the Refuge. For more information contact the Refuge manager or SD Game, Fish & Parks. Click on this link for current refuge hunting regulations.
In addition to the conservation of wildlife and their habitats, the Refuge System offers a wide variety of quality fishing opportunities. Every year, about 7 million anglers visit National Wildlife Refuges, where knowledgeable staff and volunteers help them have a wonderful fishing experience.
Fishing opportunities are available on more than 270 National Wildlife Refuges. For a great place to reconnect with a favorite childhood activity or to try it for the first time, make plans to fish at a National Wildlife Refuge soon. Find more information with our on-line Guide to Fishing on National Wildlife Refuges.
Fishing at Waubay is restricted to winter months to protect breeding waterfowl. Walk-in ice-fishing is allowed from December after refuge deer seasons to ice-out with a valid South Dakota fishing license. Walleye, perch, and northern pike are popular game fish. You can pick up current ice fishing regulations when you arrive on the Refuge or follow the link above. Please check a current sunrise/sunset table for allowable times or check postings at Refuge kiosks or Headquarters.
State fishing regulations apply to Refuge waters. Consult the South Dakota Fishing Handbook for species limits and fishing regulations.
If you enjoy getting outdoors and looking for wildlife, consider a visit to your nearest National Wildlife Refuge! From birding to whale watching, viewing speedy pronghorn antelope or slow-moving box turtles, wildlife observation is the most popular activity for Refuge visitors.
Headquarters Hiking Trails - About 1.5 miles of trails now encircle the island around Headquarters. Trails vary in length from less than 400 feet to about 1 mile long. They wind through forests of bur oak, basswood, and green ash, past wetlands, a restored prairie, and follow the lake shore. You'll have a chance to see a variety of songbirds, waterfowl, and perhaps spy a white-tailed deer. The boardwalk and a portion Wood Duck Way are accessible for all visitors. The Ed Fromelt Memorial Fund was used to develop trail signs, maps, and interpretive pamphlets.
Observation Tower - Built by the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) in the 1930's, this 110-foot tower offers stunning views of Refuge lakes and the surrounding area.
Spring Lake Overlook Trail - This short trail to the overlook offers a panorama of four different habitats. Prairie wildflowers paint the trail sides with a constantly changing palette of colors.
Wildlife Observation - Spring (mid-April – May) and fall (Sep-Oct) migration are the peak times to observe large varieties and concentrations of birds. Waubay NWR offers novice and experienced birders opportunities to see wetland, woodland, and grassland species. Visitors can borrow binoculars, a spotting scope or field guides while they are visiting the Refuge. Check Seasons of Wildlife or contact the Refuge for a current bird list for more detailed information.
At Waubay, interpretive exhibits are located in the Visitors Center as well as at outdoor kiosks. There are also interpretive signs on Pearly-Eye Path and Wood Duck Way. A second grade class from Webster Elementary even tried their hand at interpreting part of Bur Oak Boulevard. Pick up a Kid's Guide Trail brochure to see what they found.
National Wildlife Refuges serve many purposes, and one of our most important roles is as outdoor classrooms to teach about wildlife and natural resources. Many Refuges offer environmental education programs for a variety of audiences. Refuges provide unique and exciting outdoor environments – excellent locations for hands-on learning activities.
Every year Waubay NWR hosts about 200 first, second, and third graders from area schools for a day of learning we call 1-2-3 to the Refuge. This event was started in 2000 so the first grade students that attended back then have now graduated and hopefully continue to spend time outdoors.
Is your school, youth, environmental or other group interested in learning more about the wildlife, plants, habitats and ecology of your National Wildlife Refuge? Contact or visit Waubay to check on program availability and reservation policies. Refuges are wild places, and we want to teach you more about them!
Nearly 12 million people visit outdoor areas each year to photograph wildlife, and National Wildlife Refuges naturally are at the top of the list. Refuges provide enhanced opportunities to photograph wildlife in natural habitats by providing platforms, photo blinds, viewing areas, and tour routes.
At Waubay great photography can happen almost anywhere on the trails or roads. Photographers should take care when stopping on roads and should not park in front of gates or access areas. Commercial photography requires a Special Use Permit.


text:
Q: A fair coin is tossed three times A fair coin is tossed three times.
A: Event that a head occurs on each of the first two tosses.
B: Event that a tail occurs on the third toss.
C: Event that exactly two tails occur in the three tosses.
a) Show that A and B are independent.
b) Show that B and C are dependent.

A: To begin, lets find all of the possibilities for coin flips, this will be useful later. This will just be all possible binary strings of length 3. So we will have $TTT$, $TTH$, $THT$, $THH$, $HTT$, $HTH$, $HHT$, and $HHH$, with 8 total possibilites.
To show A and B are independent, it is sufficient to show that $P(A\cap B)=P(A)\cdot P(B)$. To begin, the cases that satisfy $A\cap B$ are just $HHT$, so $P(A\cap B)=\frac{1}{8}$. Next, the cases that satisfy $A$ are just $HHT$ and $HHH$, so $P(A)=\frac{2}{8}=\frac{1}{4}$. Then, the cases that satisfy $B$ are $TTT$, $THT$, $HTT$, and $HHT$, so $P(B)=\frac{4}{8}=\frac{1}{2}$. Putting this all together, we find that $P(A)\cdot P(B)=\frac{1}{4}\cdot\frac{1}{2}=\frac{1}{8}=P(A\cap B)$, so that A and B are independent.
To show that B and C are dependent, it is sufficient to show that $P(B\cap C) \ne P(B)\cdot P(C)$ The results that satisfy B and C are $THT$, and $HTT$, so $P(B\cap C)=\frac{2}{8}=\frac{1}{4}$. The results that satisfy B are $TTT$, $THT$, $HTT$, and $HHT$, so $P(B)=\frac{4}{8}=\frac{1}{2}$. The results that satisfy C are $TTH$, $THT$, and $HTT$. Thus $P(C)=\frac{3}{8}$. Thus, $P(B)\cdot P(C)=\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{3}{8}=\frac{3}{16}\ne\frac{1}{4}=P(B\cap C)$. Thus, $P(B)\cdot P(C)\ne P(B\cap C)$, so that B and C are dependent.

A: Two events $A$ and $B$ are independent when $P(A\cap B) = P(A)P(B)$.
$P(A) = \left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^2 = \frac{1}{4}$ because each toss is independent and there is a 50% chance for heads on each of the first two tosses.
$P(B) = \frac{1}{2}$ because there is a 50% chance of landing tails.
$P(C) = \binom{3}{2}\frac{1}{2^3} = \frac{3}{8}$ because we need to choose 2 of the 3 tosses to be tails (the remaining one is heads) and each toss has a 50% chance of landing on the desired outcome.
Then $A\cap B$ is having tosses $HHT$ which has a $\frac{1}{8}$ probability. So $P(A\cap B) = \frac{1}{8} = P(A)P(B)$ so they are independent.
And $B\cap C$ is having two tails and one head when the last flip is tails. So the possible tosses are $HTT$ and $THT$. So $P(B\cap C) = \frac{1}{4}$, but $P(B)P(C) = \frac{3}{16}$.


text:
\section{Introduction}

Recognising Textual Entailment (RTE) is the task of determining whether a hypothesis can be inferred from a premise.
We argue that natural language inference requires the combination of inferences and aim to provide a stepping stone towards the development of such a method.
These steps can be compared to backtracking in a logic programming language and by employing an attention mechanism we are able to visualise each inference step, allowing us to interpret the inner workings of our model.

At the centre of our approach is Adaptive Computation Time~\cite{ACT}, which is the first example of a neural network defined using a static computational graph which can execute a variable number of inference steps which is conditional on the input.
However, ACT was originally only applied to a vanilla Recurrent Neural Network, whereas we show that it can be applied to arbitrary computation for a problem not explicitly defined to benefit from ACT.

\section{A Motivating Multi-hop Inference Example}

When humans resolve entailment problems, we are adept at not only breaking down large problems into sub-problems, but also re-combining the sub-problems in a structured way.
Often in simple problems -- such as negation resolution -- only the first step is necessary.
However, in more complicated cases -- such as multiple co-reference resolution, or lexical ambiguity -- it can be necessary to both decompose and then reason.
For instance the contradicting statements:

\begin{itemize}
    \item{\textbf{Premise:} An elderly gentleman stands near a bus stop, using an umbrella for shelter because there is a thunderstorm.}
    \item{\textbf{Hypothesis:} An old man holding a closed umbrella is sheltering from bad weather under a bus stop.}
\end{itemize}

require multi-step, \textit{temporally dependent} reasoning to resolve correctly.
On closer examination, the key to resolution here is the action relating entities and conditions in the scene, leading to an inference chain similar to:

\begin{itemize}
    \item{An old man, an umbrella and a bus stop are present \ding{51}}
    \item{The weather is bad \ding{51}}
    \item{He is sheltering from the weather \ding{51}}
    \item{He is sheltering from the weather using a \textit{closed umbrella} \ding{55}}
\end{itemize}

where the final true/false statement is built up from first observing facts about the scene and then combining and extending them.
We use this idea of combining distinct low-level inferences and show that Adaptive Computation and multi-step inference can be used to examine how incorporating additional inferences into the inference chain can influence the final classification.
The visualisation of which provides an additional tool for the analysis of deep learning based models.

\section{Approach}

Attention mechanisms for neural networks, first introduced for Machine Translation~\cite{align_and_translate}, have demonstrated state-of-the-art performance for RTE~\cite{reasoning_about_entailment,DA}.
Our model is an extension of the Iterative Alternating Attention model originally employed for Machine Reading,~\cite{iterative_neural_attention_mr} combined with the Decomposable Attention (DA) model previously proposed for RTE.~\cite{DA}
The original motivation behind the Decomposable Attention model was to bypass the bottleneck of generating a single document representation, as this can be prohibitively restrictive when the document grows in size.
Instead, the model incorporates an ``inference''' step, in which the query and the document are iteratively attended over for a fixed number of iterations in order to generate a representation for classification.

Our contribution is to generalise this inference step to run for an adaptive number of steps conditioned on the input using a single step of the Adaptive Computation Time algorithm for Recurrent Neural Networks.
We also show that ACT can be used to execute arbitrary functions by considering it as a (nearly) differentiable implementation of a while loop (Appendix~\ref{ACT}).

\textbf{BOW Attention Encoders:} As in the original DA formulation, the vector representations of words are simply generated by the dot product of the result of a single feedforward network appended to the original word vector.
The un-normalised alignment weight given hypothesis and premise representations $h_{1}...h_{m}$ and $p_{1}...p_{n}$ are defined as:
\begin{equation}
     e_{ij} = F(h_{i})^{T}F(p_{j})
\end{equation}

Where $F: \mathbb{R}^{d} \rightarrow \mathbb{R}^{d}$ is a feedforward network with ReLU activation functions.
The vector representations of the hypothesis and premise are then generated by taking the softmax over the respective dimensions of the E matrix and concatenating with the original word vector representation:

\begin{equation}
\begin{aligned}
    \beta_{j}& = \sum_{i=1}^{m} \Softmax_{1...m}(e_{ij}) \cdot h_{i} \qquad
    \{\tilde{p}_{j} \}_{i=1}^{n} = [\beta_{j}, p_{j}] \\
    \alpha_{i}& = \sum_{j=1}^{n} \Softmax_{1...n}(e_{ij})\cdot p_{j} \qquad
    \{\tilde{h}_{i} \}_{i=1}^{m} = [\alpha_{i}, h_{i}] \\
\end{aligned}
\end{equation}

\textbf{Alternating Iterative Attention:} Now that we have a representation of both the hypothesis and the premise, we iteratively attend over them.
At inference iteration $t$, we generate an attention representation of the hypothesis:

\begin{equation}
\begin{aligned}
    q_{it}& = \Softmax_{1...m}(\tilde{h}_{i}^{T}(W_{h}s_{t-1} + b_{h})) \\
    q_{t}& = \sum_{i} q_{it} \tilde{h}_{i}
\end{aligned}
\end{equation}

Where $q_{it}$ are the attention weights, $W_{h} \in \mathbb{R}^{d \times s}$ where $s$ is the dimensionality of the \textit{inference GRU state}.
This attention representation of the hypothesis is then used to generate an attention mask over the premise:

\begin{equation}
    d_{it} = \Softmax_{1...n}(\tilde{p}_{i}^{T}(W_{p}[s_{t-1}, q_{t}] + b_{p})) \qquad
    d_{t} = \sum_{i} d_{it} \tilde{p}_{i}
\end{equation}

Where $d_{it}$ are the attention weights, $W_{p} \in \mathbb{R}^{d \times(d + s)}$ where $s$ is the dimensionality of the \textit{inference GRU state} and $[x,y]$ denotes the concatenation of vectors.

\textbf{Gating Mechanism:} Although the attention representations could now be concatenated into an input for the inference GRU, we also make one last addition proposed by \cite{iterative_neural_attention_mr} in order to allow attention representations to be forgotten/not used.

\begin{equation}
\begin{aligned}
    \mathbf{r_{t}} &= G_{p}([s_{t-1},d_{t},q_{t}, d_{t}\cdot q_{t}]) \\
    \mathbf{s_{t}} &= G_{h}([s_{t-1},d_{t},q_{t}, d_{t}\cdot q_{t}])
\end{aligned}
\end{equation}

Where $G_{p}, G_{h}$ are 2 layer, feedforward networks $f: \mathbb{R}^{s + 3d} \rightarrow \mathbb{R}^{d}$.
The generated attention representations are multiplied element-wise with the result of the gating function and concatenated($[r_{t} \cdot d_{t} , s_{t} \cdot q_{t}] \in \mathbb{R}^{2d}$), forming the input at time $t$ to the inference GRU.

In \cite{iterative_neural_attention_mr}, the number of inference GRU steps is a hyperparameter of the model.
We instead learn the number of inference steps to take using a single step of the Adaptive Computation Time algorithm, described in Appendix~\ref{ACT}, where the input into the halting layer is the output $y_{t}$ of the inference GRU.

\section{Results}

\begin{figure}[H]
    \centering
    \centerline{\includegraphics[scale = 0.4]{ADA_vis}}
    \caption{
        Visualisation of the attention weights produced at each inference step which are used to form the states fed into the inference GRU.
        At each time-step, the hypothesis is attended over using the inference GRU state as the query.
        This representation is then appended to the query and used to generate an attention mask over the Premise.
        On the right, we show the softmax classification if the model had used the inference GRU state at that timestep to classify
        Here, taking multiple steps corrects the classification.
    }
    \label{first_vis}
\end{figure}

In Figure~\ref{first_vis} and Appendix~\ref{extra_figs}, we have provided attention visualisations demonstrating the way the model uses it's access to the premise and hypothesis representations.
We found the following points particularly of note:

\begin{itemize}

    \item{Clear demonstrations of conditional attention, in the sense that the attention weights change over the course of the ACT steps and the model attends over different parts of the sentences.}
    \item{The model very rarely takes a single inference step, even in cases of high regularisation.}
    \item{
        There are several instances of a large ACT weight on the final loop in the inference GRU.
        Demonstrating that when the model has found the key attention representation which provides the necessary insight, it can learn to halt immediately.
    }
\end{itemize}

 Additionally, the Ponder Cost parameter shows context dependent behaviour -- during preliminary experiments using RNN encoders, the optimal Ponder Cost settings were distinct.
 This further reinforces the argument that this parameter is difficult to set correctly.

Below, we present results on the Stanford Natural Language Inference (SNLI) corpus \cite{SNLI}.

\begin{table}[H]
\centering

\centerline{\begin{tabular}{lcc}
    Model                                                                   & Test Accuracy & Parameters    \\
    \midrule
    Logistic Regression w Lexical features \citep{SNLI}                     & 78.2\%        & n/a           \\
    Baseline LSTM \citep{SNLI}                                              & 77.6\%        & 220k          \\
    1024D "Skip Thought" GRU \citep{order_embeddings}                       & 81.4\%        & 15m           \\
    SPINN-PI Recursive NN \citep{SPINN}                                     & 83.2\%        & 3.7m          \\
    100D LSTM w word-by-word attention \citep{reasoning_about_entailment}   & 83.5\%        & 250k          \\
    200D Decomposable Attention \citep{DA}                                  & 86.3\%         & 380k         \\
    300D Full tree matching NTI-SLSTM-LSTM \citep{neural_tree_indexers}     & 87.3\%        & 3.3m          \\
    \midrule
    200D Decomposable Attention (our implementation) \citep{DA}             & 83.8\%        & 380k          \\
    Adaptive Attention  (ours)                                              & 82.7\%        & 990k          \\
    Adaptive Attention  (2 step)                                            & 76.2\%        & 990k          \\
    Adaptive Attention  (4 steps)                                           & 81.7\%        & 990k          \\
    Adaptive Attention  (8 steps)                                           & 81.0\%        & 990k          \\
\end{tabular}}
\caption{
    Table showing relative performance on the test set of the SNLI corpus.
}
\label{test_accs}
\end{table}

\section{Discussion}

It should be noted that we were unable to replicate the performance originally reported for the DA model~\cite{DA} with our implementation \url{https://github.com/DeNeutoy/Decomposable_Attn} despite correspondence with the authors, but continue to seek the reason for this discrepancy.
However, given our objective was to demonstrate the usefulness of adaptive computation applied to reasoning using attention, we feel this does not detract significantly from the purpose of the paper.
Additionally, our model takes a mean of 5 steps at inference time, meaning it is both more efficient and performant than using a large, fixed number of steps.
The performance plateau demonstrated in Appendix~\ref{more_steps} is most likely an artifact of the way the SNLI corpus is constructed -- in that Amazon Turkers have a financial incentive to provide the minimal hypothesis contradicting, agreeing with, or neutral to the premise.
This construction naturally benefits bag of words approaches, as minimal changes often result in word overlap features being particularly discriminatory.
Additionally our approach involves combining conditional attention masks, which may have less benefit in a situation where there is little difference between the premise and hypothesis.

Overall, we have demonstrated that taking more steps in a multi-hop learning scenario does not always improve performance and that it is desirable to adapt the number of steps to individual data examples. Further exploration into other regularisation methods to tune the ponder cost parameter should be considered, given the model's sensitivity in this regard. The assumption that a single state, rather than combinations or differences of states, is the best method to determine the halting probability should be investigated and will be the subject of future work, as halting promptly demonstrably aids performance. Additionally, we believe that the investigation of attention mechanisms, particularly efficient implementations, such as~\cite{DA,hierarchical_attentive_memory}, when combined with input conditional computation is an important avenue of future research.

\subsubsection*{Acknowledgments}
This work was supported by a Marie Curie Career Integration Award and an Allen Distinguished Investigator Award. The authors would like to thank Tim Rockt{\"a}schel for helpful feedback and comments.

\bibliographystyle{unsrt}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Eurocopter AS350B3 FireFlight N911US - Avionics Installations, Inc.
Flagler County Emergency Services AS350 received a new panel including a G500H, GTN 650H NV, GDL 88, GRA 5500, Night Vision STC, and more. Below are some before and after pictures. This aircraft has been used extensively in Garmin Marketing, some of which can be seen in the Press and Media section of this website.


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St Olave's Church, York (pronounced Olive) is a Grade I listed parish church of the Church of England in York.  It is situated on Marygate, by St Mary's Abbey.

History
St Olave's Church is situated within St Mary's Abbey walls, which was ruined in the Dissolution of the Monasteries. It is dedicated to St Olaf, patron saint of Norway. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle entry for 1055 records that 'This year died Earl Siward at York; and his body lies in the minster at Galmanho, which he had himself ordered to be built and consecrated, in the name of God and St. Olave, to the honour of God and to all his saints.'

Galmanho is a former name for the area where the church stands and Siward, Earl of Northumbria, is believed to have had his York residence. This is the earliest date for a church dedication to St Olaf (Olav in Norwegian) anywhere.

St Olave's Church was extensively rebuilt in the 15th century. Substantial repairs were carried out in the 1720s including the insertion of windows in the north aisle, the wall of which had earlier served as part of the abbey and later city defences. The church was restored in 1848 – 1849, and reopened on Wednesday 14 February 1849.

The church was again renovated starting in 1887. After a closure of 5 weeks, the church reopened on 2 September 1888. The ceiling of lath and plaster which covered the central aisle of the nave was removed. The pillars, arches and north and west walls were stripped of paint and plaster. A new chancel was added in 1887-9 by George Fowler Jones, a York architect, and later extended in 1906. This contains the five-light 15th-century east window. Despite these changes the architectural style is broadly 15th century.

Current parish life
St Olave's has a strong musical tradition, with a large choir and recently restored organ, as well as a ring of six bells hung for change ringing. In addition the orchestra of the Academy of St Olave's performs three concerts each year and plays for one orchestral Mass on Remembrance Sunday. The Sunday sung eucharist is at 10.30 using Common Worship (order one, contemporary language).

Incumbents
Initially referred to as Chaplains, the post was Curate from 1499, and Vicar from 1663.

Memorials
George Hutchinson (d. 1775)
Michael Loftus (d. 1762)
William Etty (d. 1849)

Burials

Siward, Earl of Northumbria

Organ

The pipe organ was built by J. W. Walker & Sons Ltd and dates from 1907. A specification of the organ can be found on the National Pipe Organ Register.

References

External links

 St. Olave's Church Home Page

Church of England church buildings in York
Grade I listed churches in York
15th-century church buildings in England
Anglo-Catholic church buildings in North Yorkshire
Churches dedicated to Saint Olav in the United Kingdom

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


We are proud to present our newest Hip Home! She is a true Michigan girl. She is so Michigan that she is actually on Michigan Avenue (and also happens to be in one of our favorite parts of town - the Westside Neighborhood)! This home has a ton of potential and will be a fun one to lovingly bring back to life and make ready for a lucky buyer to purchase. This is a clean slate ready for us develop a work of art, but also has some great existing features. To start, we had some awesome curb appeal that just needed to be coaxed out with some exterior repairs, porch upgrades, and a new paint color.
The painted windows combined with the right colors transformed the exterior from average to amazing. The fresh paint highlights the sharp window grills that were existing and really seems to bring new life into this old girl.
Here she is with all of the painting complete. We can't wait to show you the inside as we bring that to life over the winter!


Talk about a family favorite. This flavor-packed curry is prepared in no time, as the kids absolutely love it! Super easy to make, it's just about adding the right spices and not being afraid of a little heat. It's also great to make in large batches and freeze to have for a quick meal mid-week with rice or naan!
Heat oil in a large skillet or pot over medium-high heat. When sizzling, add chicken pieces in batches of two or three, making sure not to crowd the pan. Saute until browned for only 3 minutes on each side. Set aside and keep warm.
Pour in the crushed tomatoes, chili powders and salt. Let simmer for about 10-15 minutes, stirring occasionally until sauce thickens and becomes a deep brown red color.


Kingdom Island Forums • View topic - Beta testing!
Please apply here for beta testing.
It contains requirements and rules of what you should post on your application.
I'm going ahead and locking this topic because it fails to follow the rules of this section. I encourage you to create a new topic with the required content.


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Q: I have four menu buttons, but only one pop-up window through jQuery, can I generalize or do I need four different windows? I picked up HTML/CSS/Js a few days ago and I made my first very own website. I have this code that is a pop-up:

        <button class="closebtn">X</button>

Title

Text

And I have a menu with four buttons. The buttons look like so:

button one

button two</a

button three

button four

Right now my jQuery code only triggers when the button with the tag "menuone" is pressed.
My question is, can I use the same jQuery code somehow and generalize this?

A: You can use jquery selector for all buttons like following:
$('ul li a').on('click', function(){
  // write your code here
})


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Euro-Star is de benaming voor een serie shorttrackwedstrijden die in West-Europa georganiseerd worden. Indeling vindt plaats op leeftijd. Wel dient een limiet gereden te zijn.
De top-10 per categorie rijdt na de serie een finale tegen de top-10 afkomstig uit een vergelijkbare serie in het oosten, de Danubia-Cup.

Shorttrackwedstrijd