text:
By Roger Horowitz | January 8, 2013
Detail from N. C. Wyeth's Coca-Cola advertisement from 1935, the same year the company began using vegetable-derived glycerin in some of its soda to comply with kosher law.
Coca-Cola Company
In the early 1930s Tobias Geffen, an Orthodox rabbi, began to receive a steady stream of letters from rabbis across the United States asking whether Coca-Cola was kosher. Coke was a popular beverage among Jews, and rabbis were worried. Since Coca-Cola was headquartered in Atlanta, where Geffen lived, he was essentially deputized by other rabbis to investigate. Rabbi Geffen did indeed discover a problem, a nonkosher ingredient present in Coke as well as in many other foods and beverages.
Today, about 40% to 50% of the items in a conventional U.S. supermarket are certified kosher by Orthodox rabbis. Yet there are at most one million observant Jews in a country of over 300 million people. With these numbers how did kosher products become so prevalent, and why do so many American businesses make food to accommodate kosher requirements? The story of how Coke became kosher helps unravel this paradox.
The rules about kosher food go back to antiquity. Early oral traditions were codified in the Babylonian Talmud in the sixth century CE and then drawn together succinctly in the 16th-century Shulchan Aruch of Rabbi Joseph Karo. In and around these major documents generations upon generations of rabbis have woven a complex, sophisticated body of law governing food consumption by Jews. Separation between acceptable and unacceptable foods provides the core concept. Certain kinds of livestock, such as pigs, can never be kosher, while permissible types of animals, like cattle and chickens, must be slaughtered properly and inspected to determine whether they meet demanding kosher requirements. Kosher meat must also remain separate from foods classified in kosher law as "milk," which includes cheese. In addition to the categories of milk and meat, kosher law provides for a third category, called parve, or neutral, that can be eaten with both of the other categories.
Some of these classifications might seem odd and arbitrary: fish and eggs, for example, are parve, even though both come from living creatures. Then, while insects are never kosher, honey, which is the product of an insect, is both kosher and parve; yet for milk to be kosher, it must come from an animal that is acceptable for observant Jews to eat. Behind these seemingly arbitrary classifications lie over a thousand years of debate among rabbis across Europe and the Middle East.
This sophisticated kosher law, developed over two millennia, has been profoundly challenged in the last 100 years by our modern food system. Processed food disrupted the stable categories on which kosher law was based through the inclusion of ingredients intended to make these products taste better, look attractive, and last longer. Manufacturers never identified the source of these ingredients, and many were included in such small quantities that they were not even listed on labels. How then to determine whether these new processed foods were kosher?
The rigid categories prescribed by kosher law were no longer self-evident in modern food, and rabbis schooled in pre-industrial Jewish law needed to figure out how to extend those principles to 20th-century conditions. They needed not only to apply kosher law to contemporary food manufacturing but also to ask American food manufacturers to accommodate kosher rules in the manufacturing process.
Out of these efforts came a new body of thought and practice that can be termed "kosher chemistry." The sophisticated application of chemistry has made many contemporary foods that once were off limits acceptable to observant Jews. Much of the thanks goes to kosher chemists trained in theology and science, who successfully merged what might seem to be utterly opposed systems of thought.
The Real Thing_How Coke Became Kosher_2_0.jpg
Rabbi Tobias Geffen, who ruled on Coke's kosher status.
Cuba Family Archives of the Breman Museum
Hard to Swallow
Jews widely drank Coke, and Coca-Cola actively sought Jewish consumers. But was the drink kosher? Answering that seemingly straightforward question led to Coca-Cola becoming the first nationally prominent company to adapt its product contents for kosher requirements. Creating a kosher Coke established important precedents for the future expansion of kosher-certified products.
Rabbi Geffen was the principal figure in the development of kosher Coke. As a leading figure in Atlanta's Jewish community since his arrival in 1910 as chief rabbi of Shearith Israel, Geffen was well-positioned to secure Coca-Cola's cooperation in this investigation. He even persuaded the company to reveal to him, in strictest confidence, the drink's famed secret ingredient.
His investigation into Coke's contents determined that a seemingly innocuous chemical known as glycerin was unacceptable under kosher law. This slightly sweet, syrupy liquid was and is widely used to diffuse flavor—such as Coke's secret ingredient—in beverages, keep cakes moist and fresh, prevent ice crystals from forming in ice cream, and ensure that breads are not too crumbly. Why was this miracle of modern science a problem? Geffen learned that glycerin was a by-product of soap manufacturing, which used fatty oils generated from meat processing, including from pigs and cattle that were not kosher slaughtered. Yet glycerin itself did not exist in nature, independent of such manufacturing; moreover, glycerin created from vegetable-based fatty oils was chemically identical to glycerin derived from pork fat.
In a ruling that had immense implications Geffen held that the kosher status of glycerin was dependent on its source. In other words, if glycerin originated from a nonkosher animal, it wasn't kosher; if it came from vegetable sources, it could be kosher. Geffen's ruling would become the standard that Orthodox rabbis used to evaluate the kosher status of all questionable ingredients in food, such as spices, food colors, and preservatives.
Geffen also had to address the implications of the infinitesimal amount of glycerin in Coke—less than 0.01% of its volume. Did such a small amount fall under the well-established kosher principle of bitul (nullification), meant to accommodate mistakes made while cooking, such as inadvertently dropping a pat of butter into beef stew. If the butter amounted to less than one-sixtieth of the volume of the stew, then the butter was bitul b'shishim (nullified in the sixtieth), and the stew was still kosher, even though it contained a small amount of milk.
Since glycerin composed far less than one-sixtieth of the volume of Coke, Geffen had to consider whether it was bitul b'shishim—nullified—rendering Coke kosher. He held that it wasn't nullified since the traditional concept of bitul only applied to accidents, while the use of glycerin in Coke was deliberate. As a result Geffen determined that conventional Coke was not permissible for observant Jewsto drink.
Geffen's ruling had far broader implications; his extension of traditional kosher law to modern food meant that every ingredient, no matter how minute, now had to be kosher. If Geffen had ruled differently, he might have opened the door to "kosher" food containing prohibited chemicals.
Coke's response to Geffen also set a very important precedent. While its chemists and executives may have had a hard time understanding Geffen's insistence on differentiating between glycerin made from animal fats and glycerin made from vegetable oils, they nonetheless accepted his ruling. And since they did indeed want to eliminate any obstacles to reaching new markets, including observant Jews, the company went about finding a way to accommodate Geffen's objections.
The company asked Procter and Gamble, its glycerin supplier, if they could deliver glycerin derived from vegetable fats. Procter and Gamble, for its part, had been making Crisco shortening from cottonseed oil for over 20 years and was well aware of its use by observant Jewish consumers. Consequently, the company fully understood Coca-Cola's request and agreed to supply glycerin made from cottonseed oil. To document its compliance with kosher requirements, Coke collected affidavits certifying that the glycerin used in special batches of Coke syrup came from cottonseed oil. With this evidence in hand Geffen issued a teshuva (ruling) in 1935 that the reformulated Coke did indeed meet Jewish dietary requirements. Observant Jews could at last relax with their bottle of Coca-Cola in hand.
Or so they thought . . . .
Controversy erupted again in the 1950s when rabbis discovered that the vegetable-derived glycerin used to make kosher Coke traveled through the same piping system used by nonkosher glycerin in Procter and Gamble plants. Their concerns stemmed from an important kosher principle known as blios—literally, taste—that applies to the materials touched by food and food ingredients.
Blios generally refers to the residue—however minute—left by food on the surfaces it touches and how that "taste" could transfer to later batches of food that touch the same surface. The commonplace practice among observant Jews to maintain separate dishes, pots, and utensils at home for milk and meat meals stems from a concern about blios. The rabbis who were uneasy with Procter and Gamble's glycerin-production methods applied the same principle to the containers, surfaces, pipes, and any other places that allowed for the transfer of nonkosher glycerin residues to kosher glycerin. By that standard the glycerin used in Coke was not kosher, even though it came from vegetable oils, because it had been contaminated by the glycerin derived from nonkosher animal fats.
Doubtless this subtlety in kosher law escaped the Procter and Gamble and Coca-Cola executives who were sincerely trying to observe kosher requirements. Indeed, the affidavits obtained by Rabbi Geffen were truthful since the glycerin had been made from cottonseed oil. Procter and Gamble probably never worried about the details: from a conventional manufacturing perspective the animal fats–derived glycerin in the pipes was the same chemical as that produced from cottonseed oil, and so there were no ill consequences. The companies, even if mystified by the concept of blios, nonetheless went along with the rabbis' requirements. Procter and Gamble defused the controversy by spending $30,000 to construct a parallel piping system to separate the glycerin that was kosher from the glycerin that was not.
This final episode brought to a close Coke's importance as a precedent in the creation of kosher food: it unmistakably established that all equipment coming into contact with kosher food must remain uncontaminated by nonkosher materials. Just as Geffen's stand on ingredients imposed stringent requirements for what could be included in kosher processed food, so too did the rigorous application of blios establish a high standard for how firms would control and regulate the production of kosher-certified food.
A bottler pours a taste of "kosher for Passover" Diet Coke for a local rabbi, 1983. During Passover, Coke uses a formula free of corn syrup for its kosher Coke.
Detroit Free Press/Ira Rosenberg
The creation of kosher Coke—along with other efforts to make processed foods kosher—had an even more profound effect: Orthodox rabbis realized that they needed to learn chemistry if they were to effectively supervise the production of modern kosher food. Understanding 2,000 years of kosher law was not enough. By the late 1950s knowledge of chemistry and of food manufacturing was integral to the process of certifying kosher food.
This knowledge has since become incorporated into the certification of kosher food in various ways. It is now possible to speak not only about kosher chemistry but also about a new generation of kosher chemists. In many cases rabbis have learned chemistry specific to the areas of food that they certify, such as oils or wine. Certification organizations often employ chemists and food scientists as consultants to advise them on the certification process. In a few cases rabbis have themselves obtained advanced scientific degrees. The president of Star-K Kosher Certification, Avrom Pollack, has a rabbinic ordination and a doctorate in cell and molecular biology.
These chemists deserve much of the credit for the remarkable growth in kosher food products. Of course, clever food marketers have played a role, too. The famous tagline "You don't have to be Jewish to love Levy's" along with Hebrew National's brilliant phrase "We answer to a higher authority" have doubtless expanded kosher food's appeal. But both advertising campaigns rest on a claim that kosher food is more reliable, safer, and more consistent in its contents than nonkosher food because rabbis' devotion to their faith places their judgment above suspicion. And these claims in turn depend on the hard work done by Rabbi Geffen and the ranks of kosher chemists who have been scrupulous in their application of kosher law to modern food.
The result has been widespread interest by nonkosher consumers in kosher food. In the late 1980s the prestigious market-research firm Packaged Facts issued an influential report showing that only one in four purchasers of kosher products were in fact Jewish. Twenty years later a similar report would show that only one in ten kosher food purchasers were observant Jews. Today this fact is widely accepted among food manufacturers, who also maintain the corresponding belief that kosher certification can in many cases bolster their product's image and increase sales, not only to observant Jews but also to many other consumers concerned about what they eat.
The diligence of kosher chemists has made it possible for kosher food to have such a broad appeal. Insistence on stringent standards for ingredients and processing means that Muslims can trust that kosher-certified food will not contain any ingredients originating from a pig. Vegetarians can be confident that kosher food labeled as dairy will contain no meat products. Conversely, lactose-intolerant or allergic consumers know that foods labeled meat or parve will not trigger milk-based health problems.
Ironically, kosher food's appeal to nonkosher consumers was an entirely unanticipated outgrowth of kosher chemistry. When Orthodox rabbis developed the rigorous rules governing the production of Coke and other processed food products, they were not thinking about the non-Jewish consumer. They were concerned exclusively with being true to the principles of Jewish law. But this unintended consequence has made the growth of kosher-certified products a mitzvah, a good deed, from which many have benefited, not only observant Jews.
This article is drawn from Roger Horowitz's book on the history of kosher food in the United States.
Roger Horowitz
was a 2009–2010 Gordon Cain Fellow at the Institute's Beckman Center. He is the director of the Center for the History of Business, Technology, and Society at the Hagley Museum and Library in Wilmington, Delaware.
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text:
The substance is observed to be a skin sensitizer category 1 in a key, reliable Local Lymph Node Assay performed according to OECD Guideline 429, OPPTS 870.2600 and EEC Testing Method B.42 (Klatt, 2015).
An in vitro or in chemico skin sensitisation study does not need to be conducted because adequate data from an in vivo skin sensitisation study (initiated before October 2016) is available.
Link to relevant study records
Referenceopen allclose all
skin sensitisation: in vitro
EPA OPPTS 870.2600 (Skin Sensitisation)
2004/73/EC L152
SOURCE OF TEST MATERIAL
- Source and lot/batch No.of test material: PFW120356
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: Not declared
- Purity: 98.70%
STABILITY AND STORAGE CONDITIONS OF TEST MATERIAL
- Storage condition of test material: Room temperature (20-23°C)
CBA:J
- Source: Harlan Laboratories, Frederick, MD
- Age at study initiation:
Preliminary Irritation Screen - 7-8 weeks
Main Study - 9 weeks
- Weight at study initiation:
Preliminary Irritation Screen - 18-25 grams
Main Study - 20 to 24 grams
- Housing: Animals were group-housed 5 per cage upon receipt and during study in compliance with National Research Council "Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals".
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): free access to Harlan Teklad Rodent Diet
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum, via water bottles.
- Acclimation period: at least 8 days prior to their first day of dosing.
- Temperature (°C):
AeroNeg 1 (9- 22 Jul 2014): 24-27°C
AeroNeg 2 (22 Jul - 11 Aug 2014): 19-27°C
- Humidity (%):
AeroNeg 1 (9-22 Jul 2014): 24-98%
AeroNeg 2 (22 Jul - 11 Aug 2014): 24-97%
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 hours light/12 hours dark
Preliminary study (irritation screen): 25%, 50% and 100% (v/v)
Second irritation screen: 2.5, 5 and 10% (v/v)
Main test: 1, 2.5 and 5% v/v
5 females
PRE-SCREEN TESTS:
Prior to the main study, an irritation screen was performed using the substance at 25, 50 and 100% (v/v). Each concentration was applied to the dorsal surface of both ears of 2 mice once per day for 3 consecutive days. Mice were observed daily for any clinical signs of systemic toxicity. Body weights were recorded pre-test and on Day 6. Ears of each mouse were observed for erythema and scored daily using the Draize scoring system. Ear thickness measurements were taken on Day 1 (pre-dose), Day 3 (approximately 48 hours after the first dose), and Day 6. Because of observed toxicity and excessive local irritation, a second irritation screen was run using the substance at 2.5, 5 and 10% (v/v).
- Irritation: excessive local irritation in the first irritation screen, therefore a second irritation screen was run using the substance at lower concentrations
- Systemic toxicity: observed in first irritation screen, therefore a second irritation screen was run using the substance at lower concentrations; in the second irritation screen, all animals were clinically normal throughout the study.
- Ear thickness measurements: The appearance of the ears, which were the application sites, appeared hard and reduced in size on Day 6 in the group treated with 25%. The ears in the group treated with 25% could not be measured on Day 6. Therefore, a second irritation screen was run with the substance at concentrations of 2.5, 5 and 10% (v/v). In the second irritation screen, the ears in the group treated with the test article at 10% had a hard feel to them on Day 6. The ear measurements indicated little or no edema in the ears of the mice treated with the test article at 2.5 and 5%, but treatment with 10% caused a 22.7% increase in ear thickness on day 3 and a 67.5% increase on Day 6, indicating the presence of edema.
- Erythema scores: first irritation screen: ; second irritation screen: There was very slight erythema on the ears of the mice treated with the test article at 2.5 and 5%. Very slight to well-defined erythema was seen on the ears of the mice treated with 10%.
- Name of test method: Local Lymph Node Assay
- Criteria used to consider a positive response: The criterion for a positive response was that one or more concentrations of a test article elicit a 3-fold or greater increase in isotope incorporation relative to the vehicle control.
TREATMENT PREPARATION AND ADMINISTRATION: The test article formulations will be prepared on each day of dosing by dissolving the appropriate amount of test article in the vehicle using a volumetric flask for each concentration. The positive control will be prepared as a 35% solution in the vehicle.
The mean DPM and standard error (sem) for each group was determined.
Increases in ³H-thymidine incorporation relative to the vehicle-treated control was derived for each group and recorded as stimulation indeces (SI).
Body weight, body weight changes and ear measurements were also evaluated using SYSTAT version 9.01, developed by SPSS, Inc. The evaluation of equality of means for body weight data and ear measurements was made by a one-way analysis of variance using the F distribution to assess statistical significance. If statistically significant differences between the means were found, a Dunnett's test was used to determine the degree of significance from the control means.
Individual DPM values were analyzed by log transformation (base 10) of the data. The evaluation of the equality of means for the log DPM was made by a one-way analysis of variance using the F distribution to assess statistical significance. If statistically differences between the means were found, a Dunnett's test was used to determine the degree of significance from the control means.
The percent change in ear thickness from Day 1 was determined for both ears of each mouse on Days 3 and 6. The mean percent change for each group was calculated.
The EC3 was calculated using the formula:
EC3 = c+[(3-d)/(b-d)](a-c)
where the data points lying immediately above and below the SI value of 3 have the co-ordinates (a,b) and (c,d) respectively.
The sensitivity and reliability of the experimental technique employed was assessed by use of a substance which is known to have skin sensitisation properties in CBA/J mice. The validation- /positive control study was performed with alpha-Hexylcinnamaldehyde in acetone:olive oil, 4:1 (v/v).
The positive control, 35% (v/v) HCA, resulted in a stimulation index (SI) of 10.5. A 3-fold or greater increase in proliferative activity relative to the concurrent vehicle control is considered a positive response. In addition, the response with HCA was also statistically significant (p<0.001) when the log DPM for this group was compared to the vehicle group. Thus, the sensitivity of the test system was demonstrated.
Test group / Remarks:
Cellular proliferation data / Observations:
CELLULAR PROLIFERATION DATA
DPM (mean ± sem):
Vehicle: 1207.51 ± 55.0
1% v/v: 2704.66 ± 364.2
2.5% v/v: 8328.50 ± 55.6
DETAILS ON STIMULATION INDEX CALCULATION
Concentrations of 1.0, 2.5, and 5% resulted in SI of 2.2, 6.9, and 5.1, respectively, when compared to the vehicle. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups treated with the test article at 1 % (p<0.05) and 2.5% and 5% (p < 0.001) when compared to the vehicle control group. These differences were biologically relevant since the SIs were> 3.0
EC3 CALCULATION
EC3 = 1.26%
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS:
In the main study, there was no mortality and all animals appeared clinically normal. The ears of the mice treated with HCA appeared wet on Days 2-6. The ears of the mice treated with JEFFCAT LE-30 at 5% appeared wet on Days 2-5 while the ears of the mice treated with JEFF CAT LE-30 at 1 % or 2.5% appeared wet on days 3-5. There were no other findings.
DERMAL IRRITATION
There was no visible erythema at the application site of any of the animals in the substance 1% or 2.5% group or the vehicle treated groups. All animals treated with the substance at 5% or HCA had very slight erythema on Days 3-6.
There was also no edema at the application site of any of the mice treated with the test article at 1% or vehicle. Mean increases in ear thickness for groups treated with the sustance at 1% or vehicle were < 25% on Days 3 and 6. Edema was observed in the ears of the mice treated with the substance at 2.5 and 5% and HCA. Mean increases in ear thicness for the substance at 2.5% treated group were 12.4% on Day 3 and 26.9% on Day 6. These increases in ear thickness for the substance at 5% treated group were 31.5% on Day 3 and 38.0% on Day 6 which were statistically significant (p<0.01). Mean increases in ear thickness for the HCA treated group were 41.4% on Day 3 and 58.6% on Day 6 which were statistically significant (p<0.001).
In the initial irritation screen there were no significant changes in body weights in any of the animals.
In the second irritation screen there were no significant changes in body weights in any of the animals
In the main study there were no statistically significant differences. Therefore, the test article did not appear to cause any overt toxicity at 1, 2.5 or 5%.
Category 1 (skin sensitising) based on GHS criteria
Based on the criteria of the study, treatment with the substance at 2.5, and 5% did result in a stimulation index greater than 3.0 and hence the substance was considered to be a potential sensitiser and classified as skin sensitizer category 1.
Endpoint conclusion
Endpoint conclusion:
Skin sensitisation in vivo:
A Local Lymph Node assay in mice was performed with the test substance according to OECD guideline 429 (Klatt, 2015). Treatment with the substance at 2.5% and 5% did result in a stimulation index greater than 3.0 and hence the substance is considered to be a potential sensitizer.
Skin sensitisation in vitro:
Based on the available data and the criteria of the CLP Regulation, the substance is classified as skin sensitizer category 1.

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text:
Home / Car News / Nissan and Muscle Milk Pickett Racing team up for the TUDOR USCC
CarSession
Nissan and Muscle Milk Pickett Racing team up for the TUDOR USCC
Nissan aims to return to its glory days of sports car success from the late 80s/early 90s with Muscle Milk Pickett Racing joining forces with the Japanese manufacturer as its official partner team.
"We're glad to welcome Muscle Milk Pickett Racing to the Nissan family and look forward to having our official drivers learn from such a successful team. Greg Pickett and his team have achieved incredible results in recent years and having them as part of the NISMO Global Driver Exchange program will be an outstanding opportunity for our drivers", said Darren Cox, Nissan Global Motorsport Director.
After taking back-to-back American Le Mans Series championship victories, Muscle Milk Pickett Racing will be powered by Nissan in 2014 for the inaugural TUDOR United SportsCar Championship.
Nissan dominated U.S. sports car racing from 1988 to 1991 – winning four consecutive driver's championships, three manufacturer's titles and 33 IMSA races.
The Nissan-powered Muscle Milk Pickett Racing ORECA 03 will hit the track this weekend at the "Roar before the Rolex 24" – the traditional pre-season test prior to the Rolex 24 at Daytona. The 2014 TUDOR United SportsCar Championship debuts at Daytona on January 25-26.
"It is also great to again work with Lucas Luhr who won the GT1 World Championship with Nissan with Michael Krumm back in 2011. Lucas and Klaus Graf have enjoyed amazing success in the U.S. in recent years and I'm looking forward to seeing them continue that run with Nissan power in 2014", added Darren Cox.
Source: Nissan
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text:
Ernst Fredrik Herlin, född 19 november 1885 i Stockholm, död 12 juni 1964 i Djursholm, var en svensk pedagog och kommunalman.

Ernst Herlin var son till fabrikören Viktor Herlin och halvbror till Clas Herlin. Han avlade mogenhetsexamen i Stockholm 1904 och studerade därefter vid Stockholms högskola där han avlade filosofie magisterexamen 1909, filosofie licentiatexamen 1919 och samma år filosofie doktorsexamen. 1908–1914 undervisade han vid olika skolor i Stockholm. Han blev lektor i fysik och matematik vid Djursholms samskola 1914 och rektor där 1936. Herlin verkade inom folkbildningen som föreläsare, huvudsakligen i Stockholm, och var 1923–1932 ordförande i Djursholms folkbildningsförening och var från 1931 ordförande i styrelsen för Djursholms stadsbibliotek, och dessutom bland annat från 1937 ordförande i Samfundet Djursholms forntid och framtid. Som högerman blev han stadsfullmäktig i Djursholm 1926, var fullmäktiges ordförande 1931–1922 samt återinträde som sådan 1936, tillhörde Djursholms drätselkammare 1927–1931 och 1933–1936, sistnämnda period som ordförande och var vid samma tid VD för Djursholms AB. Herlin utgav ett stort antal vetenskapliga, populärvetenskapliga och pedagogiska skrifter och uppsatser.

Källor

Noter

Svenska skolledare under 1900-talet
Svenska kommunalpolitiker
Politiker från Stockholm
Födda 1885
Avlidna 1964
Män
Svenska politiker under 1900-talet

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Yotopia's Myo-Fit yoga was featured in Women's Fitness Magazine. See the article above.
Yotopia was reviewed by blogger thebeautyhaul for her article Yoga Crush. Click here to see the online version.
Yotopia's Quantum Yoga classes were featured in Yoga London. See the article online here.


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Muriqui ist ein Küstenort (Vila Muriqui) im brasilianischen Bundesstaat Rio de Janeiro. Er liegt an der Mündung des Rio Muriqui in die Baía de Sepetiba und bildet den vierten Distrikt (Distrito de Muriqui) der Gemeinde Mangaratiba. Nördlich des Ortes führt die Bundesstraße BR-101 zwischen Rio de Janeiro und Santos am Ort vorbei.

Die Kirche des Ortes heißt Igreja Nossa Senhora das Graças. Der Distrito de Vila de Muriqui wurde am 1. Dezember 1949 durch territoriale Ausgliederung aus dem Distrito de Itacurussá gegründet und gehört seitdem zum Munizip Mangaratiba.

Bilder

Weblinks

Ort in Rio de Janeiro (Bundesstaat)
Distrikt in Rio de Janeiro (Bundesstaat)
Gegründet 1949


text:
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My wife and I had the pleasure of taking in a preview showing last night of "Star Wars: The Last Jedi", which officially opens in theatres on Friday, December 15, 2017.
There are going to be many spoilers in this review, but they don't start just yet. Consider this opening sort of like the seemingly endless commercials and previews that accompany every motion picture these days. If you don't want to know the actual film storyline, I'll let you know when those spoilers are coming.
Before getting into the film, a little personal background on the two people doing the viewing. You see, we come at the entire Star Wars series and phenomenon from completely different places. Those differences result in my wife and I viewing from completely different perspectives.
When the original film "Star Wars" was released in 1977, I was a highly impressionable 15-year old boy. I was just beginning to explore the broader world around me outside of the little South Philly neighborhood where I was growing up.
My wife, on the other hand, was a 22-year old young woman that summer. She had already started in the working world, and her interests had become much more focused on adult pursuits.
That 15-year old me related strongly to the young Luke Skywalker, who was supposed to be just an older teen himself at that point. Luke was portrayed by Mark Hammill, and the character dreamt of a bigger reality beyond the confines of the comforting yet bland existence in which he was raised.
I went along happily with Luke and his new friends, Princess Leia Organa (who we would later find out was Luke's twin sister) and smuggler Han Solo on a series of adventures. Luke was on a quest to find his purpose, and to engage in the battles taking place out there in the larger universe, not unlike my teenage self.
The first film, and the two sequels that followed in that original trilogy, drew tens of millions of us into a world of empire and rebellion. In fact, the original 1977 "Star Wars" film, now known as "The New Hope" within the context of the series, remains the only movie that I ever paid to see more than once at the box office.
It was all highlighted by the ultimate battle between the good and light of The Force, and the lure of The Dark Side. It is a familiar struggle, one that has visited each of our real lives as we continually find ourselves in a tug-of-war with good and evil forces, both external and internal.
I did not see those original films with my wife, we had not yet met, so we never got to share that experience. Her exposure to the "Star Wars" franchise was far less intense than my own. While mine was more personal, hers was based more on what was seeping into the broader culture. So her reaction to these films is never as visceral as my own.
Flash forward a couple of decades, and we would get to share my love of the franchise by seeing all three of the prequel films together between 1999 and 2005. That trilogy revealed the story of how Anakin Skywalker and Padme Amidala, Luke and Leia's parents, got together.
The prequels also told how the friendship and mentor-student relationship between Ben (Obi-Wan) Kenobi and Anakin Skywalker deteriorated, leading to the latter ultimately turning to the Dark Side and becoming Darth Vader.
The prequels set the stage in a timeline for the action in the original film series, which ended with "Return of the Jedi" in 1983.
This new series of films picks up the story decades later. The evil Galactic Empire, defeated thanks to the intervention of Luke and his allies in the original films, is re-emerging as the First Order and threatening the benevolent New Republic.
To set the stage for the latest film, the new series began with "The Force Awakens" in 2015. In it we get caught up with our old heroes, Han and Leia. They had gotten married, had a son, fought together to maintain peace in the galaxy, and but then later separated as a couple.
Now aging, Leia had turned in her previous royal title of Princess to become a General, leader of the New Republic's armed forces. Han had returned to his more familiar and comfortable role of working with co-pilot and sidekick Chewbacca in transporting and smuggling various shipments across the galaxy.
The First Order, an extreme Nazi-like power, was emerging as a genuine threat to galactic peace. Their goal was nothing less than to destroy the New Republic and replace it with tyrannic rule of their own. Leia attempts to locate Luke, who has mysteriously become a hidden recluse, in order to bring the Jedi back into the conflict on the side of her Resistance forces in battling the First Order.
"The Force Awakens" also introduces us to a new generation of characters. Poe Dameron is the greatest fighter pilot in the Resistance forces. With the aid of his orange and white droid, BB-8, Poe is sent to locate the final segment of a map that will lead to Luke.
A stormtrooper known as FN-2187 becomes a defector from the First Order. He joins up with Poe, who dislikes the impersonal number and bestows the name 'Finn' on him.
Rey is a loner on Jakku, a seemingly inconsequential lost girl on a middle-of-nowhere planet. She was abandoned by her parents as a small child, and his now scavenging just to get by from day to day.
Finally, the new trilogy introduces a new villain who goes by the name of Kylo Ren. We learn fairly quickly that he was originally Ben Solo, son of Han and Leia. Ben was strong in The Force and was sent to train with his uncle Luke to become a Jedi.
But the Dark Side, which lured away his grandfather (Anakin Skywalker/Darth Vader), would turn Ben as well. He would take the name "Kylo Ren" from a mysterious 'Knights of Ren' group that he would join. He was then further lured towards the Dark Side under Supreme Leader Snoke, the leader of the First Order.
Now, real spoilers begin here for anyone who has not seen either of "The Force Awakens" or "The Last Jedi" films. Read no further, or prepare to have the key plot lines revealed.
As we saw in "Awakens", Kylo ultimately kills his father, Han Solo. Meanwhile, it is revealed that The Force is extremely strong with Rey, hinting at some background that is still to be revealed for her character. She meets Finn, who becomes immediately and almost instinctively protective of her.
Leia's Resistance fighters begin to defend the New Republic against the attacks of the First Order, led by Kylo and General Hux, who commands the First Order's more conventional forces.
It is revealed that there is a strong pull within The Force that draws Rey and Kylo to one another, and they will ultimately engage in an epic light-saber duel. She wins, but before she can finish him off, fate allows him to escape.
As the map to Luke is finally fully recovered, Rey is sent by Leia to find him and convince him to return from his self-imposed exile. That is basically where "Awakens" leaves us off.
"The Last Jedi" is written and directed by Rian Johnson, produced by Kathleen Kennedy and Ram Bergman. It begins with Poe leading the Resistance in a somewhat successful but also foolhardy military mission that gets a number of Resistance fighters killed. Poe is demoted for his recklessness by Leia, who is then herself blasted into unconsciousness by the military might of the First Order.
Meanwhile, we flash to Rey back on the island at the exact moment where "Awakens" had left off. Unfortunately, she finds that Luke is almost violently disinterested in any type of return to battle. This becomes a main focus of "Last Jedi": Rey trying to convince him to return, Luke resisting.
With Leia incapacitated, leadership of the Resistance passes down their chain of command to Vice Admiral Amilyn Holdo, played by Laura Dern. It's been quite the year for Dern, who joines this iconic franchise after her featured role in the "Twin Peaks" revival this past summer.
Finn, who was seriously injured at the end of "Awakens" by Kylo, regains consciousness, and rejoins the fight against the First Order. Finn, Poe, BB-8, and a new character named Rose Tico (Kelly Marie Tran) then team up to more aggressively challenge the First Order after Admiral Holdo takes a path of apparently passive resistance.
With Finn's knowledge of the inner workings of First Order tactics and equipment, they devise a plan to destroy the lead First Order ship which is laying siege to the Resistance vessels.
Their plan is for Finn, Rose, and BB-8 to secretly board the ship and take out its tracking system. Poe would convince Holdo that the last of the Resistance fleet's fuel could be then used to escape.
The group is instructed by Maz Kanata, a diminutive and large-goggled cantina owner who was introduced in "Awakens", to seek out a computer expert "slicer" who could help them to sneak on board the First Order vessel. They are directed to a casino on a nearby planet to find this person.
Finn and Rose are taken into custody at the casino and tossed in a jail cell where they meet 'DJ' (Benicio Del Toro), who does indeed help them infiltrate the ship. Unfortunately, he also turns on them, delivering Finn and Rose into the hands of the ruthless Captain Phasma.
While all that is going on, Poe leads a mutiny back at the Resistance. Holdo has given an "abandon ship" order which Poe sees as leading the group to sure destruction. As usual, he is jumping the gun, and is put in his place by a revived Leia.
In the Rey-Luke storyline, she yields herself to the Dark Side, only to find that it holds no answers for her. Luke is visited by the spirit of his own teacher, Yoda, and is inspired to give some basic Jedi training to Rey.
Luke also confides in Rey with the story of Kylo Ren. The Force was strong in young Ben Solo, and so Luke had taken his nephew along with a small group of others to train as Jedi knights. But Luke sensed the growing and inevitable pull of the Dark Side in Ben. This led to a confrontation between the two, and with Ben destroying the old Jedi temple, killing some of his fellow trainees before fleeing with others to join the First Order.
Rey was told a completely different version of this confrontation by Kylo. She was becoming more and more conflicted between Luke's resigned hesitancy and Kylo's charismatic but dark leanings. She believed firmly that if she could only meet with him face to face, that she could turn Kylo back to the light.
That meeting would take place, and would lead to Kylo delivering Rey to Snoke. When Snoke is unable to convert Rey, he orders Kylo to kill her, thus surpassing his grandfather Darth Vader by completing Kylo's own full turn to the Dark Side.
Instead, Kylo strikes down Snoke, and together he and Rey fight and overcome Snoke's eilite force of personal guards. Just when we thought this might be the beginning of Kylo's return to Ben, just when it looked as if Rey might successfully rehabilitate him, it all turns again.
With Snoke and his guards out of the way, and with his own power growing, Kylo saw this as his chance to rule the galaxy. He proposed an alliance with Rey in which they would overcome both the First Order and the Resistance, and rule alongside one another.
This was not her vision, and so Rey was having none of it. Unable to convince him to join the Resistance, Rey and Kylo put their powers to the test in a battle of wills through use of The Force.
Neither is able to overcome the other, and Rey escapes to help the Resistance. Kylo overpowers General Hux and declares himself as the Supreme Leader, replacing Snoke, and leaves to destroy the Resistance once and for all.
Those Resistance forces appear to run out of time. Holdo and Leia's escape plan has been discovered, and their ships are being picked off one by one.
It dawns on Holdo that there is but one way out of the situation. In a suicide mission, Holdo flies the main Resistance ship directly into the lead First Order vessel at light speed, slicing it in two as she sacrifices herself.
This was the very same ship that Finn, Rose, and BB-8 were on board and trying to sabotage. As the ship begins to disintegrate around them, Finn is confronted by Phasma, and the two engage in a showdown of their own which ends in her demise. Finn, Rose, and BB-8 are able to then flee the doomed vessel and re-join the Resistance.
In the final battle, the Resistance has taken refuge on a secluded planet. But the First Order finds them and quickly over-matches them with superior military might. Leia and the survivors find themselves cornered inside a reinforced cave with the First Order about to deliver a final blow.
Suddenly, in walks Luke Skywalker. After a brief reunion with Leia, he marches out like some wild west gunslinger to take on the full might of Kylo and the First Order all by himself. Unable to defeat Luke with conventional weapons, Kylo realizes that he will have to fight this battle himself.
This sets up a mano a mano between Luke and Kylo in which Luke delivers a warning that echoes one given decades earlier by Obi-Wan to Vader: "If you strike me down I will become more powerful than you can possibly imagine."
Luke succeeds in buying time for the Resistance to escape from the cave. They do so with the help of Rey and her growing abilities to draw upon the power of The Force. We leave Leia, Rey, Finn and the others as they flee aboard the Millenium Falcon.
Kylo suddenly realizes that he has been fighting with a Force-projected image of Luke, not the real person. We are left with him frustrated the he was unable to kill the real Luke, and that the Resistance has escaped.
Luke has fulfilled his destiny. He passed along the fundamental secrets of The Force to a new generation in Rey, and thus Luke will not end up as the last of the Jedi after all. We watch as he finally dissolves as a physical being, dying in peace and becoming one with The Force.
The film has wrapped up all of the story lines at this point, but still has one final scene with which to tantalize us. It shows a small group of children back on Canto Bight, the planet where Finn and his group had visited the casino earlier. These young stable hands had aided in Finn and Rose's escape.
A small boy in the group is shown using rudimentary powers of The Force to retrieve a broom. He then uses the broom to make motions of a light saber as he looks up at the stars.
We are thus left with the vision of a younger generation that has been inspired to one day join the Resistance, and with the hope that The Force will once again be a force for good in helping lead their cause.
That is where we will pick up with Episode IX, slated for a December 2019 release. That film was originally intended to feature a larger role for Carrie Fisher as Leia. Of course, we know that Fisher died almost exactly one year ago. She had finished filming all of her scenes for "Last Jedi" by that point, so "Last Jedi" will be her last appearance.
When we return to the series, we will certainly find Rey, Finn, Poe, Rose, and Chewie as key figures in trying to restor the Republic, battling against Kylo and his New Order. I'm sure there will be some appropriate resolution for Leia's character as well.
Will Luke return as a Yoda-like figure to guide Rey? Will there be a satisfying resolution to the Rey-Kylo relationship? Will there be a heartfelt romance between any of the characters? Will there be new characters? We'll have to wait two years to find out.
Now, that takes care of a recap of the story. So how would I rate it, and what criticisms, if any, would I have?
I prefaced this piece with my own history in following the "Star Wars" saga. That history takes me back four decades to my youth. I need to say this: I am not an unbiased source. I am a big fan. I don't wear costumes, don't read the books or comics, don't play the video games. I don't watch the animated series. But the films and their story will always be a part of me.
I loved the original trilogy. I enjoyed the prequels, which gained a measure of criticism from many Star Wars fans. And I can also say the same now regarding "The Last Jedi" and its "The Force Awakens" predecessor.
The prequels and the new trilogy do not hold the same romanticism for me as the original trilogy. That is no fault of the films. It is simply a reflection of my having grown older. The characters of Luke, Leia, and Han, even Darth Vader, are iconic because they came first. They started what has grown into a generational phenomenon.
As ground-breaking as the visual effects were from that original trilogy in their time, the newer films offer so much more in the way of special effects. Modern technological advances make any type of creature, world, and weapon a reality confined only by the imaginations of the creative team working on each film.
If I have any criticisms, there would be two. First, I found myself wishing that there was greater reliance on the actors and their skill in developing relationships and dialogue. The films try to balance that element with the special effects of the battles. For me, I would prefer fewer special effects-enhanced fights and more dramatic acting scenes.
Second, in this particular film it felt like too much story was being scattered around too many characters. I would much rather have seen more of a relationship develop, more teaching take place, with Luke and Rey than was actually shown in the film.
Daisy Ridley as Rey is clearly the breakout star of this new trilogy. She is captivating in the role whenever she hits the screen. I felt that she was under-utilized in this latest film. I would, for instance, have been interested in seeing a more interesting background story developed for her, something that reveals a reason for the strength of The Force in her.
Same goes for Oscar Isaac's character of Poe. This has been a character with a great deal of potential, but one who has been reduced to a stereotype of the insanely gifted but undisciplined maverick fly boy. Picture Tom Cruise from "Top Gun", only in outer space. Poe could have been a modern Han Solo, but that ship may have sailed.
I was never really sold on John Boyega in the Finn role. A supporting role, sure. But he is cast as a major character, and I just don't find him to be leading man material.
We are also through two films now, and I don't see a legitimate romance. The sexual tension, first as a triangle between Luke, Leia, and Han, and ultimately in the Han-Leia relationship, helped cement the "heart" felt in the original trilogy by the audience.
Who is that supposed to be here? Rey and Finn? Finn and Rose? It seems as if those have been tried and found lacking. Rey-Finn feels more like the brother-sister relationship of Luke-Leia than a romance. Finn-Rose might happen, but I simply don't find it all that interesting.
The relationship between Rey and Kylo seems almost dirty, and not in a sexual way. While it appeared as if each might have briefly thought of the other in that way during a fleeting moment in "Last Jedi", it seemed as if they immediately realized what went through all of our minds: "No."
The most interesting hope for a romance to develop might end up being Rey-Poe. The two characters finally meet towards the end of this one, and there seems to be a quick spark. But it was indeed quick. There was no real conversation between the two, and nothing is made of a relationship.
Kennedy was hand-picked by the creator of this world and these characters, George Lucas, to carry the torch forward. She needs to try something to recapture the magic. Perhaps with the return of J.J. Abrams to direct Episode IX, we will find Star Wars getting back to those roots.
For old school Star Wars fans, there are definitely some great retro nuggets in this one. The aforementioned Luke nod to Obi-Wan. Our old buddy R2D2 cues up a video of one of the original trilogy's greatest hits for Luke. There is an actual appearance from Yoda, and we hear the ethereal voice of Obi-Wan. Luke takes the bridge of the Millenium Falcon, finds the gold dice that Han had hung there, and reminisces over his old friend.
Looking back on the nostalgic aspects that were heavy in "Last Jedi", they also served as a reminder that we missed out on something that I would love to have seen. Due to the choices made in the "Awakens" storyline, there would never be a reunion of Luke, Leia, and Han all together.
I recommend that everyone who has ever called themselves a Star Wars fan should go see "The Last Jedi" as soon as possible. It continues the story, opening with the now iconic musical strains of John Williams and the introductory word scroll. You get to watch Leia and Han reunite. You will see R2D2, C3PO, Yoda, Chewbacca, the Millenium Falcon. It pushes forward the newer generation story of Rey, Finn, Poe, Kylo, and BB-8.
What do I want to see in a finale in 2019? I want a Rey-heavy film, one that sees her fully learn the powers of The Force. I want to see the return of the Jedi – not a repeat of that film, but a rebirth of the Jedi knights. I want to see Kylo as clearly and unambiguously on the Dark Side. I want to see a realistic Rey interpersonal relationship developed, perhaps with Poe.
I would love to see a Luke cameo as Rey's spiritual Yoda-like teacher. I want to see good defeat evil. I want to see the First Order defeated and the Republic restored. I want to see Rey defeat Kylo, though not necessarily kill him.
Finally, I would actually like to see the ending have something that leaves the door open, that allows the folks at Disney to perhaps revisit the series a few years down the road. I mean, what is life without the hope of a Star Wars fix coming at some point?
I wouldn't know. For me, the events which took place a long time ago in a galaxy far, far away have always been there. I'd love a new hope, one where I might continue to enjoy this series for years to come.
Tagged Carrie Fisher, Daisy Ridley, George Lucas, J.J. Abrams, John Boyega, Kathleen Kennedy, Laura Dern, Leia Organa, Luke Skywalker, Mark Hammill, movie review, Oscar Isaac, Ram Bergman, REVIEWS, Rian Johnson, Star Wars
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대한기계학회논문집A (Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A)
대한기계학회 (The Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers)
Cohesive Zone Model을 이용한 접착제 물성평가 : 모드 I
Evaluation of Adhesive Properties Using Cohesive Zone Model : Mode I
이찬주 (부산대학교 정밀기계공학과) ;
이상곤 (부산대학교 정밀기계공학과) ;
고대철 (부산대학교 ILIC) ;
김병민 (부산대학교 기계공학부)
Lee, Chan-Joo ;
Lee, Sang-Kon ;
Ko, Dae-Cheol ;
Kim, Byung-Min
Fracture models and criteria of adhesive with two parameters, namely $G_C$ and ${\sigma}_{max}$, have been developed to describe the fracture process of adhesive joints. Cohesive zone model(CZM) is a representative two parameter failure criteria approach. In CZM, ${\sigma}_{max}$ is a critical, limiting maximum value of the stress in the damage zone ahead of the crack and is assumed to have some physical significance in adhesive failure. Based on CZM and finite element analysis method, the relationship between fracture load and adhesive properties, as $G_{IC)$ and $({\sigma}_{max})_I$, was investigated in adhesively bonded joint tensile test and T-peel test. The two parameters in tensile mode loading were evaluated by using the relationship. The value of $G_{\IC}$ evaluated by proposed method showed close agreement with analytical solution for tapered double cantilever beam(TDCB) test which proposed in an ASTM standard.
접착지역모델;접착이음;파괴인성;모드 I;T 형 박리시험
Lee, C.J., et al., 2008, 'The Evaluation of Surface and Adhesive Bonding Properties for Cold Rolled Steel Sheet for Automotive Treated by $Ar/O_2$ Atmospheric Pressure Plasma,' Trans. of the KSME(A), Vol. 32, No. 4, pp. 354-361 https://doi.org/10.3795/KSME-A.2008.32.4.354
Hillerborg, A., et al., 1976, 'Analysis of Crack Formation and Growth in Concrete by Means of Fracture Mechanics and Finite Elements,' Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 6, pp. 773-782 https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-8846(76)90007-7
Williams, J.G. and Hadavinia, H., 2002, 'Analytical Solutions of Cohesive Zone Models,' Journal of Mechanics and Physics, Vol. 50, pp. 809-825 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5096(01)00095-3
Blackman, B.R.K., et al., 2003, 'The Calculation of Adhesive Fracture Energies in Mode I: Revisiting the Tapered Double Cantilever Beam (TDCB) Test,' Engineering Fracture Mechanics, Vol. 70, pp. 233-248 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-7944(02)00031-0
EN ISO 527-2, 1996, 'Determination of Tensile Properties-Part 2 : Test Conditions for Moulding and Extrusion Plastic,' European Standard
ASTM D2095, 2002, 'Standard Test Method for Tensile Strength of Adhesives by Means of Bar and Rod Specimens,' ASTM
Anderson, T.L., et al., 1993, 'Numerical Procedures to Model Ductile Crack Extension,' Engineering Fracture Mechanics, Vol. 46, pp. 254-264 https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-7944(93)90286-2
ASTM D1876, 2002, 'Standard Test Method for Peel Resistance of Adhesives(T-peel test),' ASTM
ASTM D3433, 2002, 'Standard Test Method for Fracture Strength in Cleavage of Adhesives in Bonded Metal Joints,' ASTM
Chung, N.Y., et al. 1999, 'Analyses of Stress Intensity Factors and Evaluation of Fracture Toubhness in Adhesively Bonded DCB Joints,' Trans. of the KSME(A), Vol. 24, No. 6, pp. 1547-1556
Blackman, B.R.K., et al., 2003, 'The Use of a Cohesive Zone Model to Study the Fracture of Fibre Composites and Adhesively-Bonded Joint,' International Journal of Fracture, Vol. 119, pp. 25-46 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023998013255
Lee, J.M., et al., 2008, 'Improvement of Dao's Reverse Analysis and Determination of Representative Strain for Extracting Elastic-Plastic Properties of Materials in Analysis of Nanoindentation,' Trans. of the KSME(A), Vol. 32, No. 2, pp.105-118 https://doi.org/10.3795/KSME-A.2008.32.2.105
피인용 문헌
Delamination Limit of Aluminum Foil-Laminated Sheet During Stretch Forming vol.36, pp.4, 2012, https://doi.org/10.3795/KSME-A.2012.36.4.413
Progressive Failure Analysis of Adhesive Joints of Filament-Wound Composite Pressure Vessel vol.38, pp.11, 2014, https://doi.org/10.3795/KSME-A.2014.38.11.1265
Evaluation of Fracture Behavior of Adhesive Layer in Fiber Metal Laminates using Cohesive Zone Models vol.29, pp.2, 2016, https://doi.org/10.7234/composres.2016.29.2.045
An Investigation on the Behavior of Fracture Mechanics as the Type of Mode I at Specimen Bonded with Tapered Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic vol.29, pp.2, 2016, https://doi.org/10.7234/composres.2016.29.2.085
Optimal Design of Thickness and Young's Modulus of Multi-Layered Foldable Structure Considering Bending Stress, Neutral Plane and Delamination under 2.5 mm Radius of Curvature vol.19, pp.8, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12541-018-0135-7


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Eric Bunch argues that removing I-70 from downtown Kansas City presents a big opportunity for the city.
Bike Walk KC
Advocates See Opportunity in Kansas City's $800 Million Transportation Bond
November 25, 2016, 9am PST
Kansas City, Missouri is in the process of considering an $800 million general obligation bond to fund transportation projects. The advocacy group BikeWalkKC, seeing the opportunity, is already advocating for how to put that money to use.
BikeWalkKC
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text:
Q: Make space between table and section even to text and section Good evening,
I know that I can reduce the space that is inserted with a new table with \vspace*{-10pt}. But how to make it exactly even to the normal space between a \section or \subsection and the text?
\begin{table}[H]
\centering
\caption{Die in dieser Arbeit benutzten Geräte.} \label{machines}
\begin{tabular}{lll}
    \rowcolor[gray]{.6} Name & Funktion & Firma \\
    \hhline{===}
    TAdvanced & \multirow{3}{*}{Themocycler} & analytikjena \\
    MyCycler & & BioRad \\
    Mastercycler EP & & Eppendorf \\
    \hline
    Molecular Imager\textregistered  Gel Doc\texttrademark  XR System & Geldokumentationsanlage & BioRad \\
    \hhline{===}
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

Thanks in advance

A: You can control the spacing around floats via changing the value \intextsep.
\documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{article}
\usepackage{colortbl,multirow,hhline}
\begin{document}

\setlength\intextsep{0pt}

\section{Section title}
\subsection{Subsection title}
%
\begin{table}[!h]
\centering
\caption{Die in dieser Arbeit benutzten Geräte.} \label{machines}
\begin{tabular}{lll}
    \rowcolor[gray]{.6} Name & Funktion & Firma \\
    \hhline{===}
    TAdvanced & \multirow{3}{*}{Themocycler} & analytikjena \\
    MyCycler & & BioRad \\
    Mastercycler EP & & Eppendorf \\
    \hline
    Molecular Imager\textregistered  Gel Doc\texttrademark  XR System & Geldokumentationsanlage & BioRad \\
    \hhline{===}
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
%
\subsection{Subsection title}
Subsection text here ...

\end{document}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Summary of changes from Oct 6, 2017 to Oct 13, 2017.
 Improved resistance to denial of service through Apache worker process slot exhaustion. This primarily impacts the Phacility production cluster and is probably not interesting for most installs, although some of this work will eventually lead to improvements elsewhere.
The old rate limiting mechanisms (using PhabricatorStartup::setRateLimitToken()) have been removed. See D18703 for examples of the more flexible replacement APIs.
Fixed an issue where storage dump would no longer dump CREATE and USE statements, making restores inconvenient.
 edge.search can now find task duplicates.
Fixed a large number of spelling mistakes.
Fixed an issue where ConduitClient future-based parallelism limits were not respected.
The "common ngrams" tables are now marked as data tables, not index tables, for backup purposes.


text:
Student Suicide on the Rise
OstanWire
An increasing number of university students in Iran are committing suicide, research carried out by the Higher Council of the Cultural Revolution has revealed.
"Statistics show depression and attempted suicide have significantly increased among university students," said a deputy minister at the Ministry of Health, Mohammadreza Farahani.
"Social trauma in general has increased among students in the past few years and it is now a cause for grave concern," Farahani said, mehrkhane.com reported.
Farahani said that young people are failing to take proper care of themselves and suffer from ambivalence about their futures. This, he said, and has triggered a trend in depression.
"In general, six percent of medical students fail to pass their final exams and three percent of them show significant decline," said Farahani. "This is not because of their IQ, but because of different social traumas."
"Research shows that social trauma is higher among students living outside of university campuses, in private hostels and accommodation. According to the constitution, higher education should be free... But no attention is being paid to students' livelihoods. We cannot be indifferent to this."
The research found that 70 percent of students who study at state universities – all are affiliated to the Ministries of Science and Health — do not live locally.
"Sixty percent of these students live in university campuses," Farahani added
But Farahani also said that campus facilities are currently insufficient. The University of Medical Science is housing one and half times more people than capacity permits. He also voiced his frustration at the fact that buildings are outdated and fail to live up to necessary standards.
"Despite having 50 years of experience in building university campuses, there is not a single document that outlines necessary regulations," Farahani said. "To put it into perspective, the University of Medical Science campus is about 7,000 square meters in size, but 4,000 square meters of that space is unusable and needs to be reconstructed. And yet, last year, the university accepted a further 7,000 students in the second semester than in the first."
According to Farahani, the government had pledged to allocate eight billion tomans (two and a half million dollars), to improving university facilities but, he said, "Unfortunately, the treasury is empty and the money never arrived."
Read the original article in Persian
Snow Blanket Northern Tehran
Iran's Plans For Pacifying Restive Sistan And Baluchistan Province
Former State TV Host Arrested in Iran for 'Inciting Riots'
Haft-Tappeh Factory Workers Meet Family of Mahsa Amini
Protesters Clash with Law Enforcement in Chabahar Over News of Teenager's Rape by Police Chief
Friday Imam Confirms Rape of a 15-Year-Old Girl by Police Chief
Students at 10 Iranian Universities Respond to Call for Boycott
Mehdi Mousavi, 16 Years Old, Shot Dead With Five Bullets in Zanjan
Demonstrations Persist in Iran as Chief Justice Warns of Security Forces' Low Morale
Iran's Ninth Night of Protests
Iran Protests: Military Deployed to Oshnavieh as IRGC Launches Aerial Attack on Kurdish Border
Local Sources Confirm 21-Year-Old Killed at Protest in Amol
Iran Protests: At Least 76 Killed by Security Forces Since September 16, NGO Confirms
"Music Concerts Need Government Supervision"


text:
Q: Types of error messages while trying to load a DLL In general, when I'm working with DLLs, I can get two different types of error messages when trying to load it:
The specified procedure could not be found
The specified module could not be found
What's the difference between these 2 messages?

A: "Module not found" is a simple file-not-found problem.  You are asking the operating system to locate the DLL and it can't find it.  The less intuitive case is where it actually has trouble locating another DLL that is needed, one that the DLL you know about has a dependency on.  Trouble-shoot with loader snaps or Dependency Walker in profile mode or SysInternals' Process Monitor.
"Procedure not found" is the next thing that can go wrong.  The DLL was located but the OS cannot find the specific function you are trying to call.  DLL Hell is the usual source of trouble.  The non-intuitive case is where the function actually exists but its name was decorated.  C++ name mangling for example.  Troubleshoot with Dumpbin.exe /exports to see the exported names.
Not where it ends, the DllMain entrypoint that automatically runs when a DLL gets loaded is a troublemaker.  Various error codes try to encapsulate SEH exceptions that are thrown by that function.  And loader lock is notorious, it causes deadlock that freezes your program.  The kind of mishaps that almost always require a debugger to discover the underlying problem.


e2v's next generation of line scan cameras are setting new, high standards for line rate and image quality. Thanks to e2v's recently developed multi-line CMOS technology, the camera provides high line rates and combines high response with an extremely low noise level; this delivers high signal to noise ratio even when short integration times are required or when illumination is limited.
The 5 μ m pixel size is arranged in four active lines and dual line filter configuration allows the camera to be operated in several modes. True colour mode with 10μm RGB pixels to provide equivalent colour fidelity to 10μm pixel tri-linear solutions with advanced immunity to web variation or full definition mode with 8,192 RGB pixel resolution.


text:
Americas/Ballot Box 2020: The US Election/Comparative Government/COVID-19: Politics in a Pandemic/DPIR Research/Terrorism and Security/US Politics
Biden, López Obrador and the politics of migration: a return to the status quo?
Guadalupe Chavez / December 15, 2020 /
Joe Biden's presidential victory has brought temporary relief for many undocumented and mixed-status families in the US. Biden promised to reverse several of Trump's executive orders on immigration and refugee policy within his first 100 days in office including reinstating the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program, ending the Migrant Protection Protocols (MPP) also known as "Remain in Mexico," and creating a "road map" to citizenship for the approximate 10.5 million undocumented immigrants in the US. While Biden's immigration agenda contains federal and local level priorities, little emphasis has yet been placed on the bilateral scale with the US's southern neighbour, Mexico. Yet, bilateral immigration negotiations should be a priority for administrations on both sides of the border. In …
Will the UK Terminate the Diplomatic Status of Ecuador's Embassy?
Dapo Akande / August 17, 2012 / 0
Ecuador has announced that it is granting asylum to Julian Assange, the Wikileaks founder, who has taken refuge in Ecuador's embassy in London. Assange sought refuge in the Embassy after the UK Supreme Court ruled a few weeks ago that he may be extradited to Sweden where he is wanted for trial on allegation of committing sexual offences. In this dispute there are some points in the UK's favour. It is fairly clear that Assange is not covered by Refugee Convention and is therefore not entitled to asylum as a matter of international law. That Convention does not apply to persons in respect of which there are serious reasons to believe they have committed a serious non-political crime (Art. 1(F)(ii)). Furthermore, as Matthew Happold pointed out in …


Hopefully you LaLD folks can help give me some clarity. I've been a model fan for a long time, but 1/24, 1/43, & 1/87 have been my preferred scales. I collected Matchbox & Hot Wheels back in the late 60's (yes, I'm that old), but have recently, because of my connection here, gained a new appreciation for HWs, etc. But, my question is....opened or unopened?


Hello there! I'm Shell Peters, and this is my site. My brand-new, I-hardly-know-what-to-do-with-it-yet, but-hopefully-it-will-be-interesting site.
I'm a writer who works full-time doing something else in order to pay the bills. I'm not published yet, but I certainly hope to be. In the meantime, you can find bits of my writing on the Tidbit of the Moment page, as soon as I get around to updating it.
I hope you enjoy your stay, and come back often!


With tartness from dried cranberries and salty chopped walnuts, this is like caramel corn, only better.
These bright and sunny lemon bars have an addictive hit of sourness. They'll be gone in no time.
These pistachios are hit with a mix of spices, from warm ginger to kicky cayenne.
Malted milk ball-studded ice cream is definitely better than whatever is under that crust of ice in the back of your freezer.
You're going to need to make the extra large tub of this salty and smoky twist on caramel corn.
How can you improve on chocolate chip cookies? Sea salt makes an already perfect snack even better.
Escape the grey skies to France, via the South, with these spicy cheese puffs.
Let this be your bad-weather mantra: Fried chicken between buttery biscuit. Fried chicken between buttery biscuit. Fried chicken between buttery biscuit.
The best part about nachos is finding that one chip that's got all of the ingredients on it. And because this recipe is made on a sheet pan, that's every single chip.
Get the indoor rain party started with this sweetly spiced mix of pretzels, peanuts, and popcorn.
Man your guacamole stations! These chips go great with a vat of the green stuff.
This is just like a regular grilled cheese sandwich. That is, if it was made by your fairy grandmother from the Candy Kingdom.


This week in the Vibes Promotion Show OHRWO starts with the strange things, rise and bad from riddim and many more -> than after 50 minits starts a very dangerous and massiv dubsteppart +WARNING+ for all the basslovers!
This entry was posted on Friday, June 25th, 2010 at 3:00 pm	and is filed under Podcast. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.


text:
Battlestations Second Ed. Tabletop starship simulator kickstarter Admiral Pledge
NEW MIB Battlestations Second Ed. Tabletop starship simulator kickstarter Admiral Pledge, Includes Advanced Rulebook/Campaign Guide and all Stretch Goals. That are shown in the pic's are in addition to the miniatures in the core game box. The 300 Page rulebook can be Viewed at.
Two obstacles to interstellar flight were solved in the 22nd Century: Hyperdrives to actually get us to other planets, and cloning technology to replace our bodies and brains from backups in the inevitable situation something goes wrong on the trip. Peacetime advancements released the vast resources of a sea of stars like a cosmic piñata.
The more dangers that present themselves, the more opportunities for lowly travelers to ascend to become true heroes. There's a lot of emergencies happening on board your starship. Will you be a hero when the time arises? Is a tabletop starship simulator a. Board game that simultaneously features. It is also a roleplaying game in which your characters grow throughout campaigns, picking up experience points, upgrades, and new abilities. Inside the box is an infinity of alien worlds to explore, rickety spacecrafts to upgrade, and a rowdy crew of lifelong comrades to adventure with. One player takes on the role of "the enemy", and works against the other players who are cooperating with each other.
From the Kickstarter web page. Several video games like FTL have emulated this concept, but Battlestations is still the true original, and still the only board game that puts you on board a starship with ongoing adventures for your characters learn from and grow.
I love Starfleet Battles for the space combat but it doesn't depict what is actually happening on board the ships. So in 1999 my brother Jason Siadek and I planned to develop a video game, which proved too expensive, and so Battlestations the board game was born.
Battlestations has been slowly building a loyal community over 16 years and I've been hard at work preparing this brand new edition. It is the full realization of my ultimate vision, and the culmination of my abilities as a designer, writer, and wide-eyed adventurer. One of the best gaming experiences I've had all year...
Anything I say can't compare to actually playing the game. Some games in my life... Translate into stories that bring back great memories. These games I'll never get rid of them and always be glad to own them. Battlestations is one such game. TOM VASEL (reviewing first edition). We played a very long campaign off and on over the course of several of the expansions. It really fit a niche no other game went after, especially sci-fi. JAY LITTLE, Co-Designer of X-Wing Miniatures game.
Battlestations is the living manifestation of every spaceship I drew in my middle school notebook instead of listening to my teachers. Its modular design is tremendously influential among game designers, and it's great to see it roar back onto the scene. MIKE SELINKER, Designer of Pathfinder Adventure Card Game, Co-Designer, Betrayal at House on the Hill.
Contents of the Core Game Box. PDF Download quick start rules at. 01x Quick Start Booklet This teaches players the basic rules as they play.
01x Basic Campaign Booklet This includes basic and advanced rules as well as 40+ missions. 01x Basic Campaign Booklet [Hardcover] (Available as an add-on; includes additional art and lore). 08x Pre-made Characters Cards Possibly more. 24x Profession bases These snap onto the miniatures. The item "Battlestations Second Ed.
Tabletop starship simulator kickstarter Admiral Pledge" is in sale since Friday, August 25, 2017. This item is in the category "Toys & Hobbies\Games\Board & Traditional Games\Contemporary Manufacture".savage" and is located in Newman, California. This item can be shipped to United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Denmark, Romania, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Czech republic, Finland, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Estonia, Australia, Greece, Portugal, Cyprus, Slovenia, Japan, Sweden, South Korea, Indonesia, Taiwan, South africa, Thailand, Belgium, France, Hong Kong, Ireland, Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Italy, Germany, Austria, Russian federation, Israel, Mexico, New Zealand, Philippines, Singapore, Switzerland, Norway, Saudi arabia, Ukraine, United arab emirates, Qatar, Kuwait, Bahrain, Croatia, Malaysia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa rica, Panama, Trinidad and tobago, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica.
Brand: Gorilla Games


text:
Bjork's 'Debut' Turns 20: Backtracking
John Hamilton @ForeverHamilton | July 12, 2013 5:30 am
Backtracking is our recurring look back at the pop music that shaped our lives. Friends may come and go, but we'll be spinning our favorite albums forever.
Those who were around to witness the inception of Björk's solo career may be scratching their heads and wondering where, exactly, the last two decades have gone. Has it really been so long since the manic Icelandic pixie popped out of a volcano and impressed us with her Debut? (Technically this was her second solo album, if you count the obscure jazz LP she made at age 11.) Indeed it has. This month, the ex-Sugarcube and high priestess of art-pop celebrates two decades of musical innovation as the highly influential Debut turns 20. That said, in spite of its advancing age, Debut's futurism has aged exquisitely.
Upon her split with the Sugarcubes (whose college radio hits included "Motorcrash," "Regina," and "Hit") no one was expecting the tour-de-force that was Debut. After a series of false starts, Björk herself didn't even have a clear vision for the project until she hooked up with producer Nellee Hooper, acclaimed for his previous work with Massive Attack and Sinead O'Connor. Once the two met — and clicked — ideas started to flow and the album began to take shape as a passionate, idiosyncratic, state-of-the-art clubland affair. First single "Human Behaviour" gave a good indication of what lay ahead.
Björk — "Human Behaviour"
With its lumbering beat, ironic lyrics and fiery delivery, "Human Behaviour" blazed its way onto modern radio in the summer of 1993. The track made an equally powerful impression at MTV, thanks to an arresting clip by future Oscar-winner Michel Gondry. With "Human Behaviour," Gondry matched an array of frightening, childlike images to Björk's equally out-there musicality. This clip established the singer as an artist for whom visuals would always play an important part. The single would go on to hit the UK Top 40 and eventually sit at #2 on the US Club Play chart.
When the album dropped shortly thereafter, critics were bowled over by its trendy electro stylings and overall sonic variety. Indeed, one thing that still works for the album is its eclectic mix of styles, delivered in measures both tasteful and avant-garde, often bizarre but with a commercial pop sheen. Björk's wide-ranging musical influences and Hooper's Grammy-winning expertise proved to be a match made in heaven. After the darkness of "Human Behaviour" came the lightness of second single "Venus As A Boy," taking the Icelandic singer even higher into the British charts.
Björk — "Venus as a Boy"
Björk's first attempt at a ballad is filled with lush strings by Talvin Singh and includes some of her randiest lyrics. The rather simple video, directed by Sophie Muller, is preoccupied with sexual symbolism, most of it inspired by Georges Bataille's novella Story Of The Eye. (You know — the one where the incredible edible egg becomes a conduit for one woman's orgasms?) The single peaked at UK #29 and was later featured in the Natalie Portman/Jean Reno action classic, The Professional.
It's also worth noting that Björk had her biggest solo hit with a non-album single around this time with "Play Dead," a collaboration with producer David Arnold from his soundtrack to the Harvey Keitel vehicle The Young Americans. Added to later international pressings of Debut, this epic, Shirley Bassey-esque belter (with additional production from trip-hop stalwart Tim Simenon) gave Björk her highest chart placing at the time, hitting #12 in the UK in the autumn of 1993.
Björk — "Play Dead"
With critics wowed and pop audiences intrigued, Björk kicked things into high gear with "Big Time Sensuality." This dancefloor monster resembles the soulful American house sounds of Crystal Waters and Ultra Nate in its original album mix, but for the single, it was revamped into a storming trance jam by remix duo Fluke. "Big Time Sensuality" became Björk's biggest single yet, garnering copious club play, radio time and worldwide recognition via MTV. At the peak of its success, the Stéphane Sednaoui-directed video would be spoofed by British comedy duo Dawn French and Jennifer Saunders, and critiqued by no less than Beavis & Butt-head!
Björk — "Big Time Sensuality"
French & Saunders spoof
(Bjork bore no hard feelings about her public mocking. Per an AOL interview with the singer in November of 1995, she was "honored" by the attention.)
Where does one go from there? Björk pretty much went into full-tilt promo from that point, touring the world, making live appearances in clubs across Europe and basically becoming the most visually interesting pop superstar since RuPaul. After watching this one-of-a-kind live performance from the MTV Europe Music Video Awards, was it any wonder Madonna would go on to hire Nellee Hooper and commission a song from Björk herself?
"Big Time Sensuality" at the 1994 MTV Europe Video Music Awards
Debut generated one final single, in early 1994: album standout "Violently Happy." The track's darkly humorous clip was helmed by Jean-Baptiste Mondino, who also took Debut's iconic cover photo. Call us loonier than a Björk video, but we still get a thrill out of this bizarre love song's stalker-ish message, an anthem for the Single White Female set if ever there was one. Also, could this clip have provided future wig-spiration for Charli XCX?
Björk — "Violently Happy"
For me, most of Debut's charm lay in its ability to surprise, and that charm is still intact all these years later. Although the set's dance tracks hold up well — and will always destroy the fragile dancefloor of my heart — my true favorites are the ones that let Björk's jazzy tendencies come out to play. "Aeroplane" has a playfu-yet-melancholy quality, its romantic longing dipping in between swinging sax solos. "The Anchor Song" brings to mind 1960s Velvet Underground chanteuse Nico with its sparse description and raw delivery. The biggest surprise of these more subdued tracks, however, is "Like Someone In Love," Björk's tribute to former movie musical ingenue and '70s talk show hostess Dinah Shore…
Dinah Shore — "Like Someone in Love" from the 1945 musical Belle Of The Yukon
Amazingly, the album spawned a slew of remixes before such a thing became de riguer, many of them from notable house producers David Morales, Masters At Work and French maestro Dimitri From Paris. Dimitri's early mix of "Human Behaviour" was thrown in le trash after one listen by the artist herself, but I can't help feeling she dropped the ball on this one. With its snappy beat and ridiculously fluffy notions, it captures the kind of house-y zeitgeist most of Debut was going for.
"Human Behaviour" (Le French Touch Remix)
As she grew as an artist, Björk distanced herself somewhat from Debut, rightfully noting that she could and would do better. It eventually went Platinum in the States, and continues to be a favorite of dance-pop aficionados, if not hardcore Björk stans. But none of that seems to faze the bravely progressive artiste.
We totally recognize the impulse to cringe at one's youthful past (see also: Dannii Minogue, The Early Years) but we hope one day she'll come around and re-embrace this gorgeous, mohair-tufted thing she made. After all, it takes courage to enjoy it.
Does all this flashing back to Björk's first album have you experiencing big time sensuality? Do have any special memories of Debut? Let us know below, or by hitting us up on Facebook and Twitter!
Tags: Backtracking, Bjork


Here's the complete set of the under-appreciated science fiction / romance comic book series written and drawn by Francois Vigneault and published by Floating Worlds in Portloand, OR. All issues are duotone digest printed on newsprint with cardstock covers. An added bonus is that the color of the tone is different each issue, going from peach to sky blue to red to purple and then back to peach again in the double-size concluding issue.


text:
Shining a light on complex mental health issues
By Hannah Dowling
While the world has come a long way in the public discussion of mental health issues, particularly in regard to depression and anxiety, there still remains a fair amount of stigma surrounding more complicated, complex mental health issues, including bipolar disorder, personality disorder and psychosis.
Hannah Dowling
Last Updated: 17 January 2020 Published: 17 January 2020
Speaking on The Wellness Daily Show, deputy CEO of SANE Australia Michelle Blanchard shone a light on the more complex mental health conditions that are often ignored in public discourse and still carry a great deal of stigma.
Ms Blanchard highlighted that some forms of mental health conditions, including depression and anxiety, have come a long way in reducing the public stigma that exists around mental health. However, many of the more complex mental health conditions have not achieved the same improvement when it comes to public awareness and understanding.
"I think mental health is inherently complex. It's something that intersects with so many different aspects of our day-to-day lives," Ms Blanchard said.
She highlighted the types of illnesses that could be classified as more complex mental health issues, such as psychosis, eating disorders, bipolar disorder, OCD and debilitating anxiety and depression that limits a person's ability to participate in all the things that they would like to.
Currently, there are 690,000 Australians who live with these kinds of complex mental health issues, across all demographics. However, there are some factors, including childhood trauma, that may increase someone's likelihood of developing a complex mental health disorder, according to Ms Blanchard.
She stated that these types of mental illnesses still experience a significant amount of stigma, which can manifest in a few different ways.
"We talk about self-stigma, which is the sense that you have about yourself, if you yourself have a mental health problem.
"[And then] we talk about perceived stigma, which is when you have a mental health problem yourself and you perceive that you're going to be stigmatised by the people around you. And so the consequence of that might be that people don't put themselves forward for relationships, for job opportunities, because they believe that they might be discriminated against.
"There's then public stigma, which is the one that we probably hear about most often, which is the sense that the general community have a poor view of people living with mental health issues.
"And then the final one is around structural stigma or discrimination. And that's behavior by institutions or organisations that ultimately means that people with mental illness don't participate fully in society."
In order to address the ongoing issue of stigma and discrimination felt by people who face mental health issues that may be more complex than those with depression and anxiety, Ms Blanchard discussed the new SANE campaign called Our Turn To Speak.
"Our Turn to Speak is about listening to the voices of people who have experienced a complex mental health issue, [and] it's part of a larger project called the National Stigma Report Card.
"We set it up because we had a hunch that people who experience more complex mental health difficulties experienced stigma and discrimination in really different ways to perhaps people who have more common mental health problems like depression or anxiety."
In attempting to tackle ongoing stigma, the SANE project dives deep into those stigmas across 14 different life domains.
"It's everything from the way in which people might be treated when they're entering a new relationship, or by members of their family," Ms Blanchard said.
"It might be how they're responded to when they disclose in a workplace that they have a mental health problem and might need a bit of extra help and support."
One domain of note is how people with complex mental health conditions get treated when seeking out physical health care.
"So we know that people who experience more complex mental health concerns often don't have their physical health concerns taken seriously because it's assumed that it's all related to their mental health problem.
"So these are the kinds of things that impact people's lives."
Ms Blanchard highlighted that, like all mental illnesses, it is hard to know whether someone is suffering from complex mental health problems.
"For the most part, you can't tell that someone has a mental illness by looking at them because mental illnesses are often about the kinds of thoughts and feelings we have," she said.
"But sometimes people might behave a little bit differently if they're affected by a complex mental health concern."
This might include someone interacting with a person or situation that is not real, having very obvious mood swings, or other symptoms that affect their functionality and/or personality.
"However, for the most part, particularly if that person's mental illness is being really well managed and there are many people who are affected by these complex mental health issues who live very normal lives and you perhaps wouldn't know by looking at them," Ms Blanchard said.
If you are concerned that someone in your life is suffering from a complex mental illness, Ms Blanchard encourages you to reach out and support them.
"The best thing to do is just to let the person know that you're a bit concerned about them, that there are some things that you've noticed that perhaps are a bit unusual or a bit different and just check in and see how that person's going," she said.
"And if they indicate that they are struggling and they're looking for some help and support, assist them to be able to reach out, whether it's to a general practitioner, whether it's by calling a service like SANE's helpline or jumping on our online peer support forums.
"Really just supporting them to take that next step and get the help and support that they need."
More broadly, Ms Blanchard told The Wellness Daily Show that she believes the way to bust through the stigma on complex mental health issues is to start having conversations about them.
"I think the best thing we can do is be more open around a range of experiences people might have around their mental health and wellbeing.
"One of the challenges is that because these more complex conditions are stigmatised, perhaps more so than things like depression and anxiety, there are fewer people talking about it publicly, which means that for people who are experiencing these conditions, it can be quite challenging to be open about them."
She continued: "And there is a little bit of a sense that these more complex conditions are left out of your standard workplace wellbeing programs or aren't as part of the public conversation as they should be.
"So, the more we can kind of be open to the possibility that people might be having a broader range of experiences, I think the more open people are going to be. And hopefully that's helpful for them in their recovery."
You can contact SANE Australia at sane.org, or call 1800 18 7263.
To listen to Michelle Blanchard's full conversation with Wellness Daily senior writer Jerome Doraisamy, click below:
This episode of The Wellness Daily Show contains content which some may find confronting or distressing. If you are in need of support, you can contact the following crisis services:
Lifeline, 13 11 14, www.lifeline.org.au
Suicide Call Back Service, 1300 659 467, www.suicidecallbackservice.org.au
Jerome Doraisamy
Jerome Doraisamy is a senior writer for Lawyers Weekly and Wellness Daily at Momentum Media.
Before joining the team in early 2018, Jerome is admitted as a solicitor in New South Wales and, prior to joining the team in early 2018, he worked in both commercial and governmental legal roles and has worked as a public speaker and consultant to law firms, universities and high schools across the country and internationally. He is also the author of The Wellness Doctrines self-help book series and is an adjunct lecturer at The University of Western Australia.
Jerome graduated from the University of Technology, Sydney with a Bachelor of Laws and Bachelor of Arts in Communication (Social Inquiry).
You can email Jerome at: [email protected]