Honey, it's an Intermediate Mass Black Hole this time!
Facing trouble decrypting the title? Here's a cue.
Our universe is speculated to host a plethora of black holes, and they come in varied sizes: stellar mass (SBH), intermediate-mass (IMBH), and super-massive (SMBH). Of this assortment, SBHs, that have masses of a few to tens of times the mass of our Sun, as well as the SMBH variety that can be a million- to billion-fold heavier and found in the central engines of active galactic nuclei at large redshifts, have been studied and characterized for a long time. On the other hand, what remained elusive to this point, has been the existence and properties of a novel class of long-lived black holes (IMBHs), thought to represent the evolutionary bridge between SBHs and SMBHs.
In lack of a way of creating IMBHs, scientists have contemplated various formation mechanisms for them such as collapse of extremely massive primordial stars, core collapse of the centers of dense stellar systems or merger of smaller BHs, all of which favour a dense, primordial environment such as the center of a globular cluster. Considering this, faithful observational campaigns have targeted globular clusters for many decades seeking observational signatures of these objects, but the quest so far has been rife with uncertainty, unsatisfactory upper limits, and tantalizing but inconclusive evidence. For example, kinematic modeling of the globular cluster Mayall II in Andromeda galaxy indicated the presence of an IMBH, but alternative evolutionary dynamical modeling showed that the data could be explained in absence of such an object. In 2014, IMBH candidate M82 X-2 was revealed not to be a black hole at all but rather a neutron star, while plenty of other candidates lack sufficient flux ratio in radio vs. X-ray wavelengths to match the dynamical mass estimate of an accreting IMBH.
Very recently, Kızıltan et al. published the evidence of an IMBH residing – in line with previous theoretical predictions – at the centre of 47 Tucanae (or NGC 104; see Figure 1.), one of the most massive globular clusters known. Kızıltan and colleagues made this discovery by examining the dynamical state of the cluster with the help of pulsars residing within it. (Pulsars are rapidly rotating neutron stars emitting a beam of electromagnetic radiation that appears as pulses of light sweeping in and out of our line of sight at regular and precisely measurable intervals, just like pulses from a rotating lighthouse lamp).
Within a globular cluster, massive stars tend to sink towards the center. In the presence of a massive central mass (say, a black hole), as more stars sink inwards, the core heats up and stars start getting scattered off of the black hole, as well as each other. The propagation of the central black hole's dynamical influence outwards (i.e., the inner stars scattering outer stars, and those scattering the ones even further from the center) ultimately affects the overall spatial arrangement and acceleration of stars in the cluster. Using the pulse-period measurements of pulsars to determine the distribution of their accelerations, the authors were able to infer a distinct imprint of the central massive object's gravitational potential on the 3-D dynamical state of those pulsars. Moreover, using N-body numerical simulations of the cluster, the authors confirmed the mass of the object to be 2,200 times that of the Sun (Figure 2). This number is in vicinity of the previously established upper limit of 2,060 solar masses for the putative central object, and lies well within the mass regime of an IMBH.
1) One can study whether IMBHs can potentially host ultra-luminous X-ray sources (ULXs) that are too bright to be an accreting SBH and too distant from the centers of galaxies to be caused by SMBHs.
2) By the virtue of bridging the mass-gap between SBHs and SMBHs, a detailed analysis of IMBHs and their environments can shed light on accretionary growth models of SMBHs, and whether IMBHs can act as their initial seeds.
These questions in case of the IMBH in 47 Tuc, unfortunately, remain unanswered due to the absence of any detectable electromagnetic emission from it, suggesting that it is likely lurking in a gas-deficient environment. Whether this is typical for IMBHs or an exception, will become clear in time to come as scientists continue to expand our search for more objects through the cosmos.
Thank you for your informative piece re. 47 Tuc & IMBHs, Bhawna. Phrases referring to "heating" and "cooling" come up so often in astrophysics that we take it for granted astronomy enthusiasts not in the profession know what we mean. Many hobbyist astronomers equate "heat" and "cool" to what they feel on their skin. Kinetic energy as an energy transfer function isn't always so clear. I suggest that anyone aspiring to write for the nonprofessional press draft a boilerplate phrase explaining what exactly "heating" and "cooling" actually mean in terms of energy distribution in the specific context, e.g., core collapse and rebound, or galactic disk / halo heating. The explanation can be worded so as to be inserted as needed into an article like Bhawna's. It might be helpful, too, to draft a similar boilerplate explanation for virial phenomenon.The word "virial" is very poorly explained in ordinary dictionaries (if it even appears at all!). As a hobbyist it took me a long time to understand the maths of the virial theorem in the context of actual objects seen through an eyepiece or on an astro image.
Why a black star is the alternative to a black hole.
How does the Chandrasekhar limit prevent the creation of intermediate black stars?
Due to a unique requirement of creating black holes by freezing time and space from the inside out, the conventional method of deriving results from general relativity could not be used. Instead I used the Newtonian model, while factoring in relativistic corrections derived from general relativity which includes relative contraction of both space and time. This mathematical model, written in Excel and Visual Basic, takes about a day to run. It calculates time dilation profiles, density cross sections and red shift factors as it forms a "black star". I use the term black star because the calculations show that during the collapse no singularity is formed and there is no event horizon as in the accepted theory of black holes.
For a remnant greater than 2.2 solar masses, while it is still contracting, this gravitational potential causes time at the center to relatively freeze and stop the contraction before the pressure gets high enough to stop it, as it would in a neutron star. Then, above this frozen matter, as the contraction continues, the time freeze moves toward the surface, stopping the contraction of the rest of the remnant, creating a black star.
6.	Why is there such a large size gap between stellar black stars and super massive black stars?
7.	Why are there no stellar black stars below 2 solar masses?
8.	Why are there no supernova created stellar black stars above 15 solar masses?
9.	Why does the smallest super massive black star start at 50,000 solar masses?
10.	Are super massive black stars made before or after the existence of first-generation stars in a galaxy?
These questions cannot be answered using a model of black holes that have a singularity. They are answered by this model of the formation of black stars. The information produced by this model agrees with observation when available.
Calculations in my above-mentioned article, show that black stars (black holes) cannot exist between about 50 and 50,000 solar masses. I would define the nonexistent intermediate black stars as being between these two limits. This range of black star sizes requires densities of matter that cannot exist. These densities are the same as those found when matter transitions from degenerate white dwarf matter to neutron matter. I think that if black stars are suspected in this intermediate range, another explanation that does not require them, needs to be found.


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Grace Sanderford Mitchell
April 23, 1925 - June 20, 2018
Grace Sanderford Mitchell, 93 of Pascagoula, passed from this life on Wednesday, June 20, 2018. She was born April 23, 1925 in Glen Allen, Mississippi. Mrs. Mitchell was a former employee of Brumfields Dept. Store and Sears Roebuck in Pascagoula. After leaving Sears, Mrs. Mitchell worked in Accounts Payable at Ingalls Shipbuilding, and closed out her career at Ace Hardware on Ingalls Avenue where she made many friends along the way. She was a member of First Baptist Church of Pascagoula, the Pascagoula Evening Lions Club, and was a Singing River Lioness Member. She was a member of Chapter 151, Order of the Eastern Star of Pascagoula and a charter member of the Krewe of Entre Nous. Mrs. Mitchell was preceded in death by her parents, Blanche and Daniel Sanderford; husband, Gary "Mitch" Mitchell; daughter, Betty Johnston Miller; sisters and brothers-in-law, Zora Ammons (Bob), Beatrice Cole (Harry); brother and sister-in-law, Daniel Sanderford (Mattie); and an infant brother, William Sanderford who died at birth. Survivors include her daughter, Olivia Johnston Doswell; son-in-law, Billy Miller; grandchildren, Michael Miller (Lori), Michelle Smith (Dan), Melissa Pennington (Todd), and Brian Moon (Ashley); six great-grandchildren, numerous nieces, nephews, and other relatives and many friends. Visitation will be Saturday, June 23, 2018 from 10:00 until 11:00am at Holder-Wells Funeral Home in Moss Point. Funeral services will be held at 11:00am in the funeral home chapel with Rev. John Turner officiating. Interment will follow at Jackson County Memorial Park in Pascagoula. Friends and family may share condolences at www.holderwellsfuneralhome.com. Arrangements by Holder-Wells Funeral Home 4007 Main Street, Moss Point, Mississippi 39563.
Grace Sanderford Mitchell, 93 of Pascagoula, passed from this life on Wednesday, June 20, 2018. She was born April 23, 1925 in Glen Allen, Mississippi. Mrs. Mitchell was a former employee of Brumfields Dept. Store and Sears Roebuck in Pascagoula.... View Obituary & Service Information
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Longhouse represents the elegant union of contemporary architecture and timeless craftsmanship. Merging interior with exterior and affording bay and ocean views, this 2,800 s.f. residence is a unique addition to the community fabric. The location provides an exciting relationship between land and water - both ocean and street played large roles in determining the public to private orientation of interior forms. The front facade acts as a barrier to the streetscape, sculpting views of the adjacent neighborhood and sheltering the interior. Once inside, the house begins to unfold - a central volume of lyptus wood is carved away to reveal the lower spaces. The house opens to become one unified space: kitchen, living, and dining join to form the public sector of the first floor. Glass walls activate the exterior living and dining space, drawing the outside in.
The house abounds with carefully designed spaces, rich surfaces, finely-crafted cabinetry and intricate built-in furnishings. A reverence for detail is shown throughout each space; every passage is ceremonial and every material conveys a sense of intimacy. Hand-crafted by local artisans, the cabinetry and furniture were designed as a seamless extension of the architecture. The palette of materials selected for the house is a careful composition of warmth, texture and strength. Throughout the course of the day, the house transforms with the movement of nature, welcoming light, western winds and the scent of the ocean. Light and shadow play across expansive walls and penetrate the skylights. The interior program allows for softly-lit areas of reprieve and spaces which celebrate a union with the exterior. Each room is a generous space in which to engage both the external rhythms of nature and the ritual movements of the inhabitants.


Here at Unlimited Health Institute, Ultherapy in Glendale CA is one of our biggest specialties. Patients visit us specifically because they have heard how effective and convenient our Ultherapy in Glendale CA has been for previous patients. Our Ultherapy in Glendale CA is the only FDA approved non-invasive treatment for lifting the skin on the neck, chin and brow. If you are interested in achieving a more youthful and refreshed look, addressing these problem areas is a great place to start, and thanks to our Ultherapy in Glendale CA, you do not need to worry about undergoing any invasive procedures in order to get the results you want. You may be wondering how Ultherapy in Glendale CA can achieve such outstanding results while still remaining non-invasive. Ultherapoy in Glendale CA works by making use of focused ultrasound technology. The ultrasound technology stimulates the collagen deep down in your skin, giving those problem areas a lift and smoothing away fine lines and wrinkles. There is no downtime involved like with other anti-aging procedures, either. You will be amazed at the dramatic yet natural looking changes that Ultherapy in Glendale CA can make for you. Be sure to check out the before and after pictures of our patients located on the main Unlimited Health Institute website under the Ultherapy tab. If this sounds like a procedure you would like ot try for yourself, simply schedule an appointment here at Unlimited Health Institute so that we can get started on your personal transformation. You deserve to love the skin you're in, and Ultherapy in Glendale CA can make that happen for you.
If you would like to learn more about what Ultherapy in Glendale CA entails, or if you would like to learn more about any of the other many services available to you here at Unlimited Health Institute, our main website is an excellent resource for you to consult. There you can find plenty of additional, detail information that you might find useful. If you have any questions or concerns for us, please feel free to contact the staff here either by phone or online.


On this page we will detail the configuration of the J.E.B. Solutions Asterisk Phone system.
Sometimes a picture is worth a thousand words. Here's the layout of our phone system.
The J.E.B. Solutions Inc. office Asterisk PBX server runs on a generic PC with standard off the shelf components. The only thing fancy on the inside of the PC are the two Digium cards telephony cards.
Asus A7V8X-X Motherboard We've used this motherboard a lot. It doesn't have a lot of bells and whistles, but it is been a very reliable motherboard for us.
AMD Socket A 2600+ CPU We don't really need a lot of CPU power for the phone system. The 2600+ is plenty. AMD chips are currently faster for less money than Intel chips. We are also using the Stock AMD CPU fan.
512 Megs DDR400 RAM Ram is cheap. There's no point buying less than 512 megs these days.
The 1088 is similar to the older 1080 case. However, wherever there was a change it is a definite improvement.
The outside of the case is fastened with big, easy to use, tool-less screws. You don't have to search for a screwdriver to remove the side panel from the case. This is a nice convenient factor when you are working on a machine.
The top front of the case no longer has a protruding lip. While this made it easier to carry the case, it made it a pain to get at any CDROM mounted at the top of the case.
Of course, like the 1080 the first thing we did was permanently remove the hinged door blocking the CDROM drive.
Shared Keyboard, Mouse, Monitor Configuration for the Asterisk phone system can be done entirely using the web configuration screens. For this reason it was decided to place the phone system near an existing computer and share the keyboard/video/mouse with it. This saves desk space, electricity, and sanity.
Everything on the Asterisk PBX system can be configured remotely through SSH or the nice friendly web interface. The KVM is just there as a security blanket.
You have to be careful these days to be sure you get a drive with a three year warranty. Many hard drive vendors have reduced their warrantee period to only one year on many models!
We avoid Western Digital hard drives. Unfortunately, they seem to think that there should be a difference between "master" drive setting and "master" drive with a slave present. This doesn't sound like a big deal. Unless you are the one who has to mess around in a case and take out a properly configured drive and add a jumper, and then wire it all back up again when you add another drive to a system. It's very inconvenient and you aren't likely to forget the process and that other manufacturers don't force you to do this (unnecessary) step.
A basic Asterisk installation fits in less than three gigs. Forty gigs leave us with plenty of room to grow.
PowerColor Radeon 9200SE Video Card This is an inexpensive low end video card. Our phone system won't be running a graphical user interface -- all the configuration will be done over the web interface.
Panasonic Floppy Drive Is it just my imagination or is the price of a floppy drive three times what it was a few years ago? If it wasn't for my nagging doubt that I might one day need a floppy drive I'd have skipped this part.
APC 1000VA UPS An Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) will pay for itself many times over in added computer reliability. Want fewer crashes, and less chance of bad power killing your precious computer hardware?
I have installed many UPS units for myself, friends, family, and clients across Ontario. It's a fact that no matter how good you think the power is in your area your UPS will probably kick in at least once a week.
With stats like these the question becomes not whether you need a UPS, but how good a UPS do you need?
The APC 1000VA unit is cheap. If the power goes out this baby will run a 17" CRT, the Asterisk phone system, the router, and VOIP adapters for over 20 minutes. It also prevents against over and under voltage conditions.
Samsung DVD-RW drive I've tried Samsung products before. But I haven't tried any of their DVD burners before. I wanted a burner so I could use it for backups. I really should have gotten a regular DVD reader as well.
Two Digium TDM22B Analog Telephone cards Each card is really a Digium TDM400P. Each TDM400P can hold four plug-in modules. Each module can handle either an incoming line (FXS) or a phone extension (FXO). A TDM22B is a TDM400P preloaded with 2 FXS and 2 FXO modules.
Why configure it like this? This gives me two identically configured cards. If one card dies I can still run two lines and two handsets on the remaining card.
It took longer to set this system up than usual.
Mostly due to shuffling parts between existing systems. But it was worth it. Here's the fully constructed Asterisk small office Phone System.
Immediately after seeing the phone system Jonah asked me why the heck I didn't buy a smaller case or a rack mounted solution. That's a good question. The main reason was we have two almost identical systems. If there's ever a problem I could swipe parts out of any of the other two machines to get the phone system back up and running.


Bonhams : Nikos Engonopoulos (Greek, 1910-1985) Détails du mécanisme d'un réveil national 120 x 100 cm.
Athens, National Gallery - Alexandros Soutzos Museum, Nikos Engonopoulos, April 3-15, 1983, no. 9 (listed in the exhibition catalogue).
Tetradio Magazine, no. 3, December 1945, p. 42 (referred), p. 48 (discussed), p. 48c (illustrated).
A. Xydis, Proposals for the History of Modern Greek Art, Olkos editions, Athens 1976, vo. 1, p. 152 (referred), p. 160 (discussed), p. 157 (illustrated, no. 33).
K. Perpinioti-Agazir, Nikos Engonopoulos, Son Univers Pictural, exhibition catalogue and catalogue raisonée, Benaki Museum, Athens 2007, no. 253, p. 249 (illustrated), p. 417 (catalogued, discussed and illustrated).
N. Chaini, The Painting of Nikos Engonopoulos, doctoral dissertation, National Technical University of Athens, 2007, no. 186, pp. 474 (discussed), p. 475 (illustrated).
Using cross-temporal iconographic leaps that were common during the Byzantine and Post-Byzantine eras in both miniature manuscripts and narthex decoration,2 Engonopoulos transports the viewer from ancient to modern times, staging in front of a drawn curtain3 a dream-like scene from the treasure trove of Greek history. The peaceful coexistence of ancient past (exemplified by the foreground statue, the helmeted warrior, the ionic column and the background temple4 ), recent history (illustrated by the kilted warrior of the Greek War of Independence) and modern reality (captured in such apt details as the hanging ceiling lamp5 and the wig stand in the extreme foreground) sets forth the main aesthetic and ideological preoccupations of the 1930s generation and faithfully reflects the artist's attitude towards painting, both as a long and rich tradition to draw from, as well as an ideal vehicle to probe into the inner world of Greekness.
1. As quoted in "This is how Engonopoulos Saw 1821"[in Greek], O Kosmos tou Ependyti newspaper, 21.3.1999.
2. See D. Vlachodimos, Reading the Past in Engonopoulos [in Greek], Indiktos publ., Athens 2006, p. 228.
3. "Engonopoulos's drawn curtains reveal things and introduces them to us." E. Benisi, Nikos Engonopoulos and Cityscapes [in Greek], doctoral dissertation, University of Athens, 2006, p. 162.
4. An allusion to the famous representations of the Parthenon by his beloved teacher C. Parthenis. See Benisi, p. 237.
5. The lamp is a distinct and recurring theme in Engonopoulos's work with symbolic overtones. Compare Hora Ruit, 1939, and Orphée, 1963 (Bonhams, Greek Sale 26.4.2016, lot 43).
6. A. Xydis, "Nikos Engonopoulos, a Greek Surrealist Painter" [in Greek], Tetradio Magazine, no. 3, December 1945, p. 48, reprinted in A. Xydis, Proposals for the History of Modern Greek Art [in Greek], Olkos editions, Athens 1976, vo. 1, p. 160. See also N. Chaini, The Painting of Nikos Engonopoulos [in Greek], doctoral dissertation, National Technical University of Athens, 2007, p. 474.
7. N. Loizidi, "The Indigenous Surrealism of Nikos Engonopoulos" [in Greek], To Vima daily - Nees Epoches, 21.10.2007, p. A57.
8. M. Lambraki-Plaka "The Timeless Pantheon of Nikos Engonopoulos" [in Greek], Filologiki quarterly, no. 101, October-November-December 2007, p. 9.
9. N. Loizidi, "Regarding Jef, Midnight's Great Automaton" [in Greek] in Location: Engonopoulos, exhibition catalogue, Macedonian Museum of Contemporary Art, Thessaloniki 2007, p.11.
10. D. Papastamos, preface to the Nikos Engonopoulos retrospective exhibition catalogue [in Greek], National Gallery - A. Soutzos Museum, Athens 1983, p. 8.
Additional Exhibitions Athens, Benaki Museum, Nikos Engonopoulos, Son Univers Pictural, 2007, no. 253 (discussed and illustrated in the exhibition catalogue and catalogue raisonée, pp. 249, 417). Andros, Museum of Contemporary Art, Basil and Elise Goulandris Foundation, Approaching Surrealism, July 1 - September 30, 2012 (illustrated in the exhibition catalogue, p. 207). Paris, Palais de Tokyo, Hell As Pavilion, February 25 - April 4, 2013 (discussed and illustrated in the exhibition catalogue, pp. 45, 63).


text:
Spree::Core::Engine.routes.draw do
  namespace :admin do
    resources :panels
    resources :panel_groups
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Two Killed As Farmers, Herders Clash In Taraba
Nnaemeka Nwangoro
A map of Taraba, a state in Nigeria's North-East region.
Two persons have been killed and several others injured following a clash between farmers and herders at Gwomu community in Karim Lamido Local Government Area of Taraba State.
The Chairman of the council, Markus Hamidu, confirmed the incident to Channels Television in an interview on Wednesday.
He said as the farmers approached their farm and discovered a herd of cattle grazing on their farm, they tried to make an inquiry on why the herders should do so.
In the process, he narrated, the herders attacked the farmers and killed one of them. In reprisal, the farmers also launched an attack, killing a herder.
READ ALSO: Senate Approves Buhari's $16bn, €1bn External Borrowing Request
"A resident of Gwomu went to his farm to harvest his crops only to discover that the herders were grazing on his farm and in the process of trying to inquire why it should be so, a herder reacted by attacking the farmer and his relations and in the process, killed him," said Hamidu.
"While retaliating, the farmers also succeeded in killing a herder. Two dead bodies were recovered from the scene.
"I have spoken with the Divisional Police Officer of Karim Lamido, we hired a vehicle to convey their (the victims') remains, and thereafter the relations of both victims came to claim the corpses for burial."
In a related development, bandits in their number have attacked Binnari community in Karim Lamido, leaving an unspecified number of people dead, with several houses destroyed.
According to the chairman of the council, security operatives have been mobilised to the scene of the incident which is a border community between Taraba and Plateau States.
He added, "Immediately we heard of the issue, we reported to the governor who in turn mobilised security operatives, including the Nigerian Army, who are on their way to the community as I speak to you.
"I believe that the situation will be under control very soon and normalcy will return to the affected areas."
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If you would like more information about The Royds Lodge, please contact us using one of the methods listed below.
Email is our preferred method of contact as enquiries can be dealt with quickly. When received, your email will be acknowledged and forwarded to the appropriate individual. Please note that not all members of the Lodge have access to email.
Please mark your letter for the attention of the Secretary.


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The Art of Robert Meyers – from Wild West to Romance
Post artist Robert Meyers was renowned for his illustrations of the old West and dramatic romance.
Christina Mackey
In the 1950s and '60s, the name Robert Meyers was a familiar one to readers of The Saturday Evening Post. In just 10 years, Meyers published 94 pieces of artwork in the magazine. He illustrated mostly romance and mystery, but his expertise actually fell into a completely different genre.
Growing up in a strict family of accountants, Meyers became fascinated with Western America while watching cowboy films, immersing himself in a completely different culture than the one he was familiar with in New York City. His family was surprised when, instead of carrying on the family occupation, he asked to go to art school. After attending multiple art and fashion universities, he began to illustrate children's books and Western paperbacks.
© SEPS
His career at the Post began in 1952, when his employer, Charles E. Cooper Studios, introduced him to the job. He went on to illustrate stories like "The Girl Next Door" by Steve McNeil, with a scene in which a bathing suit-clad girl surprises a lucky man with a kiss. Meyers uses a unique color story of ocean blues and electric yellows, and dramatic waves crashing into the couple to tell the romantic story. Many of Meyers' illustrations from the Post involve couples in embraces or men fawning over female characters.
Meyers' love for the Wild West also appeared in the Post alongside stories like "The Boy Left Home" by John Randolph Phillips. In the scene, a young man in business attire talks with an older farmer. With a suitcase at the young man's feet, he prepares to ask the farmer if he can stay, having run away. Meyers uses intricate detail to paint the farm scene, down to the old-fashioned wagon and cows grazing in the background. Meyers was, perhaps, referring to his own childhood, and this illustration reflected the struggles of going against his own family's wish for him to become an accountant.
In the 1960s, the Post decided to slowly decrease the number of illustrations in the magazine, making Meyers look for other opportunities to make a living. He decided to live out his love for Western culture and moved his family to Wyoming. There he operated a dude ranch and was an active cattle rancher. His artwork during this time focused on painting his family hard at work at the ranch and on his personal life in the West. In 1970, he was inducted into the Cowboy Artists of America.
Art, Norman Rockwell, Post Perspective
A Rockwell Painting Will Raise Millions for an American Legion Post
Jeff Nilsson
Art, Norman Rockwell
Rockwell Files: A Well-Earned Rest
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Rockwell Files: Barbershop Quartet


Observing excursion tour in Central Asia.
Familiarization tour in Central Asia.
East part of Zailiiysky Ala-Tau it is decorated huge, almost round form with the mountain Bakay which from the West east part Asy of jaolow (High mountain pastures) adjoins. Height of this mountain is about 3100 meters above sea level.
Acquaintance to this area is better to begin gorges of the small ridge Sogeta (Syugata) with Kokpek. This gorge differs in peculiar beauty. On steep slopes of the gorge the vegetation which is poorly developed: very dry place, around the rock and a talus from alternation of light and gray, red, black and dark green rocks.
Rise lasts more than 10 km - from 860 meters above sea level to 1150 meters above sea level. In the top part of the gorge at the height of 1050 meters above sea level the road has a source. From under the earth there is a water cold and very tasty.
This place playfully call driver's restaurant. In the top part of the gorge at the beginning of the Syugaty valley there is a small settlement of Kokpek. To the right on the South the dirt road in the direction of Bartogay of a reservoir on the way on Asy of jaolow (High mountain pastures) turns from the main automobile highway.
From this road the view of two ridges - Zailiysky Ala-Tau and Kungey Alatau opens. The first ridge - low, the second - high, with snow tops and glaciers. Through 12 kilometers of our way on the dirt flat road the panorama of Bartogay of a reservoir in the wide valley of the river Chilik opens.
he river is abounding in water, up to 40 - 50 meters wide, 1,5 meters in depth. The beginning of the river from glaciers of the southern slope of Zailiysky Ala-Tau at peak Talgar. The road goes on the abrupt gorge.
Around the mountain, the dry stony mountain desert, slopes deprived of vegetation. Only single plants of an Ephedra (Ephedra), honeysuckle occur among rocks and taluses. Peculiar multi-colored rocks give to these places beauty.
The road above and above abruptly rises up and reaches the mountain pass located at the height of 1950 meters above sea level. From the pass the view of the valley of the river Asy opens. Then the road abruptly goes down the stony uneven road to 1650 meters above sea level - to the floodplain of the river Asy.
Around variety and beautiful alternation of rocks of various form and color. Special beauty of the area is given a bizzare shape by the rocks formed from dark red and brown clay sands. In the floodplain of the river Asy are the riparian woodland from thickets of a willow, poplars, a barberry and a dogrose.
The river Asy shallow - width of its 4 - 6 meters, depth of 5 - 30 cm. Water in it has a dark shade. Mostly the river Asy flows from the springs originating in the wood. Only in July and August of water in the river increases from thawing of small internal glaciers.
Further the road abruptly rises up and conducts through the wood on Asy of jaolow (High mountain pastures). Wood here very narrow its strip from 2000 to 2200 meters above sea level. There are most abrupt steep and deep gorges of east part of Zailiysky Ala-Tau. Higher the area more equal - it is mountain pastures.
Asy of jaolow (High mountain pastures) are extensive fine mountain meadows which begin to the east Talgar of mountain knot, strongly extending at Turgen gorges, stretch to the easternmost tip of Zailiysky Ala-Tau.
Above jaolow (High mountain pastures) - in the top part of a part of the ridge - slopes become abrupt and steep, here glaciers - a typical relief of highlands already begin to meet.


Jubacana is a youth-led, fusion music and performance project based in Oldham for 8-18s, inspired by the music of Brazil, Africa and South-Asia with a UK twist.
In January 2017 Jubacana welcomed new members aged 8-18 to weekly rehearsals at the Old Museum! Since starting this pilot project in Oldham, we've received more and more young people through the doors and hope to reach many more young people in the area and beyond. Run by a team of inspirational young people and supported by experienced arts leaders, Jubacana aims to reach new heights and show what young people can achieve through arts-based learning and performance.
Full details can be found on the Join Jubacana page. Anyone can join at any time.
We are currently fundraising even more funds to help this incredible project reach even more young people. If you would like to support our project, email info@jubacana.com.
© 2019 Jubacana. All Rights Reserved.


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Some California employers eagerly await immigration reform bill
Migrant workers harvest strawberries at a farm near Oxnard.
(Joe Klamar, AFP/Getty Images)
By Shan Li and Diana Marcum, Los Angeles Times
April 17, 2013 12 AM PT
Central Valley farmers, Southern California bankers and Silicon Valley executives have all struggled to find workers — and they say an outdated immigration policy has been to blame.
They're all hoping that a bipartisan group of U.S. senators will have the answer when it unveils its plan, as early as this week, to overhaul federal immigration laws.
Their stance: Reform couldn't come quickly enough.
"What's at stake is the future of our economy, whether we can remain the most entrepreneurial nation," said Steve Case, co-founder of America Online and now chairman of investment firm Revolution. He called immigration a "key reason why America has been innovative and entrepreneurial and has had the leading economy in the world."
The danger of not having a viable immigration plan is evident to Steve Spate. The Central Valley raisin grower whose farm is just west of Selma said he has struggled with a perennial labor shortage.
"When you're standing on the edge of your fields in the morning and the rains are coming and not enough workers show up, when your livelihood and your ability to make payments on your house and your equipment are on the line, you'll take anybody you can find," he said.
Foreign workers affect nearly every aspect of the state's economy.
Those highly educated work in Silicon Valley start-ups and tech giants such as Facebook and Google. Low-wage workers toil in farms, serve food in restaurants and work in hotels. The construction industry employs a number of immigrants to build homes.
The sweeping bill tries to fix huge problems plaguing the U.S. and its inflow of foreign workers.
Crafted by four Democratic and four Republican senators known as the Gang of Eight, the bill is aimed at creating an immigration system for the 21st century.
It offers, for instance, a 13-year pathway to citizenship for many of the 11 million immigrants already living here illegally. And it allocates billions of dollars — including $3 billion for increased surveillance — to tighten border security.
Under the bill, more foreigners with in-demand job skills will be able to get visas; currently those with family members already here are heavily favored.
Part of the bill would create new guest worker programs for farmhands and low-wage workers. Another section raises the cap on temporary high-skilled visas and creates a "start-up" visa for entrepreneurs who want to found companies in the U.S.
"It will be a tremendous boost to California's economy," said Sung Won Sohn, an economics professor at Cal State Channel Islands. "We will be able to get the right people from overseas and utilize them for the benefit of the economy."
But the bill still faces many hurdles, even after months of negotiations among the eight senators. Opponents of any reform that offers a road to citizenship for undocumented workers in the U.S. can kill the bill. An immigration overhaul attempt under President George W. Bush in 2007, the last time a serious effort was made to retool the system, died on the Senate floor.
But this time around, public opinion may be on the bill's side. Nearly two-thirds of Americans support giving undocumented workers a way to attain citizenship, according to a recent survey by the Brookings Institution and the Public Religion Research Institute. Sixty-eight percent polled say that a combination of enforcement and a path to citizenship was the best cure for the country's illegal immigration problems.
Many California businesses welcomed the outline of the bill released Tuesday.
Farmers already struggling with a slowdown in workers from Mexico — brought on by a border crackdown, faltering economic recovery and drug violence — were hopeful the bill could widen the pool of laborers.
"The ones from Mexico are here to work," said Ken Shinkawa, a raisin grower in Caruthers. "They don't fool around. They just want to make their money and go home."
In the past, Shinkawa said, he was forced to hire mostly undocumented workers. He has tried hiring U.S. employees, but that has never worked out. One year, he said, the Fresno residents he brought on couldn't pick and stole his air conditioner.
And lately, he's had trouble finding anyone to work his fields.
High-tech firms, which have lobbied hard for immigration reform, say the bill would bring much-needed highly skilled workers and entice international students who attend U.S. colleges to stay after graduation. Mark Zuckerberg, chief executive of Facebook Inc., even joined forces with executives from Google, Yahoo and other tech giants to form a new initiative called Fwd.us to push for reform.
"Immigration is innovation," said Dean Garfield, chief executive of the Information Technology Industry Council, an advocacy group for tech firms. "Every day that goes by without immigration reform is another day when new jobs and new industries start in a foreign country."
Already, about 35% to 40% of Silicon Valley's workers are foreign, said Stephen Levy, director of the Center for Continuing Study of the California Economy. He said guest workers can help plug a gap in California as highly skilled baby boomers retire.
The finance and banking industry is also eager to hire workers such as mathematicians and computer experts to create programs to maximize trading and fight cyber attacks, said Scott Talbott, senior lobbyist for the Financial Services Roundtable, which represents banks, insurers and investment firms.
Los Angeles-based City National Bank already employs immigrants from Russia, Mexico, India and elsewhere, said Chief Executive Russell Goldsmith. He said one of the bank's biggest strengths is being able to attract "some of the best and brightest individuals from all over the world."
"We need and do hire people born elsewhere in information services and technology," he said. "But you'll find people born elsewhere throughout the bank."
shan.li@latimes.com
diana.marcum@latimes.com
Times staff writers Jessica Guynn, E. Scott Reckard, Ricardo Lopez, Andrew Khouri, Tiffany Hsu and Adolfo Flores contributed to this report.
Shan Li
Shan Li covered the retail and restaurant industries for the Los Angeles Times. She previously reported on the California economy and the technology sector. A Texas native, she graduated from the business school at New York University, where she decided journalism was much more interesting than a job on Wall Street. She left The Times in 2017.
Former staff writer Diana Marcum wrote about life in the small towns and rural areas of California for the Los Angeles Times. In 2015, she won the Pulitzer Prize for narrative portraits of farm workers, farmers and others in California's drought-stricken Central Valley. She is the author of "The Fallen Stones: Chasing Butterflies, Discovering Mayan Secrets and Looking For Hope Along the Way" and "The Tenth Island: Finding Joy, Beauty and Unexpected Love in the Azores."


FCA grew to six teams this spring: one Mini, one Junior, three Minors, and one Major. We began practicing indoors in mid-January and moved outdoors in March. Our season kicked off with our first games in early April. All six teams played 8 IBLA games, as well as attended the Border Wars Tournament in May.
Off the field, FCA players and families participated in three events aimed to promote service, team-bonding, and 'family'-bonding. Our families and players served at Feed My Starving Children just before our outdoor practices began. Near the end of the Wheaton Academy lacrosse season, families and players gathered again for FCA Family Night where we ate dinner together, listened to speakers, and got to watch the WA Lax Varsity team play. And, finally, our U12 and U14 players got to participate in a scavenger hunt, which was a real hoot!
This past weekend all six teams headed to playoffs.
Mini (K-2) played at Ron Beese Park in Barrington on Sunday, June 11. They won the championship for the Mini Silver division — it was great fun for all the boys!
Mini team after the championship game.
Junior (3-4) played at Newton Park in Glen Ellyn on Sunday, June 11. They lost against Fox Valley 3/4 Black in the Junior B Gold division. They placed second in their regular-season conference with 6 wins and 2 losses. Way to go FCA U10!
Minor (5-6) C played at Townline Community Park in Lake Forest on Saturday, June 10. They lost against the Wheaton Wolverines in a nailbiter in Round 2 of the Minor C Gold division. They finished second in their regular season conference with 6 wins and 2 losses.
Minor (5-6) B played at Hamilton Field in Palatine on Sunday, June 11. They won the championship for the Minors B Silver division, despite the heat and very worthy opponents. Congrats to our U12B players!
U12B team after the championship game.
Minors (5-6) A played at Hamilton Field in Palatine on Saturday, June 10. They lost to Fox Valley 6 Black in Round 2 of the Minors A Gold division. The boys played hard despite the heat, high winds, and excellent competition. They placed second in their conference during the regular season with 7 wins and 1 loss.
Majors (7-8) played at Wheaton North in Wheaton on Saturday, June 10. They lost to Huntley Black in Round 2 of the Majors B Silver division. They placed third in their regular-season conference with 5 wins and 3 losses. Congratulations to all of our graduating 8th graders on a successful season and best wishes to you as you begin your high-school lax careers!


I just want to share a video of a match I played last night with Red and Phantom. The teamplay was awesome and it won us the game when we really should not of held down the objective. Props to Phantom for his great Yoda play and him sticking with me while I was Chewie. And props to Red for his endless Recharge Commands that kept giving me and Phantom crazy amount recharge and refreshes for our abilities to be used for our Heroes. Also want to mention that was nice to kill Maul there in the Juggernaut since me and Phantom were trying to kill him early on but he kept running but I finally got him lol. Another thing I want to mention is that I couldn't sprint for awhile when I got zapped by Palpatine. Good thing Chewie can roll lol.
Note: Fast forward to 7:00 if you want to see the chaotic Juggernaut play. And also this was one of the funnest matches I have played on this game. So fun to play as a team and hold the objective like that.
That was nice, you guys held it down well. Impressive, most Impressive.
But be careful not to choke on your aspirations, Director Wookie.
Hey guys sorry I've not been around as much, works been crazy.
Hoping the patch comes soon, so I can enjoy it on my days off.
Pray the deal is not altered further commander.
I hear ya. I just hope it comes sometime this month.
It will. Jetpack Cargo us coming this month and it will be in that update.
Alright then. That should be good.
Yep. This is where fact searches in the name of balance happen.
Gone before , Where *no one has.
Did you just Yoda Trek us lol!?
This is the way my bruddas, I will Show u deway.
YOU kidding me?! Change isn't balanced, look at Anakin, look at this game!
Guess I gotta gear up for tomorrow. Not just for the patch, but for the Return of the Forum Wars.
We gotta take selfies before the war starts again!!!
Alright then, we must fight again, to help keep the game stable. Good luck to those tomorrow, and hopefully Specialist is getting some work. On a side note, Anyone here play Xbox? And what games do you have, other than Battlefront?
I play battlefront, battlefield, cod (black ops series)and occasionally fortnite.
Fairly new so only have a few games most of which are new.
Some trolls are already insisting heavy needs another nerf, and of all things shield?!
Saying this now, Boba's Jetpack needs a nerf to it's mobility. Have fun while it's like this.
He definitely does not need a nerf to his Jetpack mobility. He has like 500 health. If he wasn't able to be mobile he would be almost useless and he would just overall be terrible to use.
Boba doesn't need any more nerfs.
I don't ever get touched I'll explain more later doing testing.
Alright, I am XJO461. Xbox, with Fortnite BF2 (Obviously) and Fortnite COD black ops 2-3. And a few others, so I hope I see you on the battlefront.
Boba is awesome again. His jetpack is insane with its new mobility. Probably too exaggerated, but playing as him in HvV was a blast.
Chewie doesn't terrorize Villains as much. I considered him to be so effective against heroes that he broke HvV. Now, he's still quite dangerous but he doesn't nuke enemies as quickly now. In my personal opinion he is in a good spot now.
The Officer's BP gain is still high. Being that I main the Officer, I was still able to get a hero relatively fast. I'm honestly surprised the class as a whole didn't get squashed by the nerf-hammer.
Palpatine is much better. Like Chewie, he isn't an automatic win for his respective team anymore. It was nice to not have to worry about getting zapped through a wall, or worse, the floor.
As a whole, I'm pleasantly surprised by the patch. Some bugs still exist, like hero emotes being buggy on some characters, but generally the patch accomplished what it needed to do. But most importantly, at least for me, HvV is playable again with the hero tweaks.
Thank your so much for the feedback dude! That's exactly what this thread is about! Everything sounds awesome. The officer and specialist will be focused on heavily next patch. We just gotta wait a little bit longer. Again, thank you for the feedback dude!
Here are my thoughts on Boba Fett. In the HvV aspect.
He is broken beyond belief. His accuracy for the EE-3 is where it needs to be. What is broken about him is his Jet Pack. He can not be caught and has total map control, distance control, and almost impossible to hit on the PS4. You computer guys might have a bit easier time with him. But as far as PS4 goes, he's broken.
I suggest a bit tone down of speed. Or make it so when the hunt is active he gets a speed boost, to help with GA. He is so unstoppable I had trouble aiming with him while flying. Here is a video of what I mean.
It,is based around GA, because with low health, he needs mobility. So in HvV it is going to be hard to get him.
Well even so, that is not an excuse to break a char for another mode. If his speed was with "For the Hunt" ability, I would say cool, but the mach-2000000 he can go now, he is quite broken.
Fixing a char in one mode, while breaking him in another, does not make him balanced. It is a very **** thought process like this that frustrates me so much with Devs of games.
Overall they did help a ton of things in this patch, the new dodge/roll has speed up combat in HvV and taken a lot of the skill needed away. I am going to write that up in another post.
They took away his ability to gain altitude like he could before the patch so they had to compensate it somewhere else.
Going to try and get some game time today.
This is all the whining cry-babies after a new patch.
No they didn't, you just don't press forward and you go up as fast as you go forward. Takes a moment to get used too.


text:
How Are Personal Injury and Workers' Compensation Claims Different?
When someone is injured on the job or in a personal accident, they may be eligible for workers' compensation or personal injury benefits. Although both types of claims can be a financial help for those who need it, there are some key differences between them that are important to note.
Both workers' comp and personal injury claims can provide money after an accident to cover medical bills, lost wages, and other expenses related to an injury. But the way they do that is different. KCNS Law Group can help you figure out how personal injury and workers' compensation claims are different and which one you might be more likely to qualify for.
What Is a Personal Injury Lawsuit?
A personal injury lawsuit is a type of civil suit that is filed by an injured person against the person or entity responsible for their injuries. The basis of the lawsuit is usually negligence, which is when someone fails to take reasonable care and causes an injury as a result. If you have been injured due to someone else's negligence, you may be able to file a personal injury lawsuit to recover damages such as medical bills, lost wages, and pain and suffering.
What Is a Workers' Compensation Claim?
A workers' compensation claim is a claim filed by an injured employee with their employer's compensation insurance carrier. The claim is for medical bills and lost wages incurred as a result of being injured on the job. If an employer does not have compensation insurance, an injured employee can file a personal injury lawsuit against the employer.
How Does Workers' Compensation Differ From a Personal Injury Claim?
Workers' compensation is a system that provides benefits to workers who are injured or who contract an illness at work. The program is usually administered by state governments as part of social welfare programs.
In contrast, a personal injury claim is a civil lawsuit brought by an individual who has been injured due to the negligence of another person or entity. In order to succeed in a personal injury claim, the plaintiff must prove that the defendant was at fault and that the plaintiff suffered damages as a result.
Compensation in a workers' compensation case is typically limited to medical bills and lost wages, while personal injury claims may allow the plaintiff to recover damages for pain and suffering, permanent impairment, and other losses. The compensation in both types of claims is very similar for many cases, but personal injury claims are typically more complex than workers' compensation claims, and they often take longer to resolve.
Damages for Pain and Suffering
The biggest difference between workers' compensation and personal injury is that workers' comp covers medical bills and lost wages, while personal injury also covers damages for pain and suffering. In a personal injury case, you can also sue for permanent impairment or loss of earning capacity.
Get the Right Attorney for Your Case
Whether you need representation for a workers' compensation case or a personal injury case, KCNS Law Group's legal team can help you. We can represent you no matter which type of case you have and work to get you the compensation you deserve.
If you are injured, then it is a good idea to seek legal help at KCNS Law Group. It may not always be readily clear what your legal options are, but our lawyers can help you figure out what compensation you may be entitled to. To get access to a legal team that can help you, Contact us online or call us at (818) 937-9255.


text:
Nicola Sturgeon responds to coronavirus lockdown announcement in England by Boris Johnson
The First Minister has called for clarity over the extension of the furlough scheme, after Boris Johnson announced a nationwide lockdown in England.
Laura FergusonJournalist
Nicola Sturgeon has responded to the UK Government's announcement tonight that England is to re-enter a month-long national coronavirus lockdown.
In a statement, the First Minister confirmed that the Scottish Government will "carefully consider the impact of today's announcement in England" but maintained that Scotland will "continue to take decisions that reflect circumstances in Scotland."
This evening's announcement by Prime Minister Boris Johnson confirmed that pubs, bars, restaurants and non-essential retail across England will close from Thursday until December 2, and people will be told to stay at home unless they have a specific reason to leave.
Scottish hospitality sector launches 'SOS Save our Jobs' billboard campaign across Glasgow and central belt
Coronavirus in Scotland: 24 more deaths recorded in past 24 hours as cases rise by 1,101
However, schools, colleges and nurseries will remain open.
People will be allowed outside to exercise and socialise in public spaces outside with their household or one other person, but not indoors or in private gardens, and will be able to travel to work if they cannot work from home.
Mr Johnson also confirmed that the furlough scheme, which was due to end tomorrow will be extended until December.
Ms Sturgeon said the extension of the 80% furlough support measures was a "crucial point" and that she would be seeking information on whether Scottish businesses were eligible for the same support.
Coronavirus in Scotland: Nicola Sturgeon pleads with public not to 'twist' new coronavirus rules
Coronavirus in Scotland: Nicola Sturgeon responds to speculation England will announce full lockdown next week
Her statement reads: "We expect to have further discussion in the coming days about the scope of additional financial support being made available. A crucial point for us is whether support on the scale announced for English businesses is available for Scottish businesses now or if we needed to impose further restrictions later - or if it is only available if Scotland has a full lockdown at the same time as a lockdown in England."
The First Minister added that the reintroduction of nationwide lockdown measures were a "reminder to people across Scotland of the need to follow the rules and not to put their own twist on them" in order to "suppress the virus, protect the NHS and keep as many businesses and services open."
Ms Sturgeon pointed to the earlier introduction of restrictions in September as a key reason why Scotland has not entered a national lockdown.
She said: "People across Scotland have faced significant restrictions since late September as we work to stop the increase in Covid cases across the country. Prevalence of the virus is currently lower in Scotland than in other parts of the UK and there are some signs that those earlier restrictions may be starting to slow the rate of increase.
"However, we are monitoring the spread of the virus in all parts of Scotland on a daily basis to assess if, to what extent and at what speed the slowdown is continuing. We will not hesitate to increase the level of protection either locally or nationally if required. Our new levels approach - including a potential level 4 - enables us to respond quickly and flexibly as required.
"Scotland's new levels based system of protection comes into force on Monday morning at 0600 and I encourage everyone to find out what level their local authority is in and too stuck ti the rules in their area. I also urge everyone to follow two key national restrictions by not mixing with other households inside our homes, and not travelling to or from any part of the country in level 3 unless it is absolutely essential."
People have also been asked not to travel from Scotland into England or from England into Scotland unless "absolutely essential", with similar guidelines in place for Wales and Northern Ireland.
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Ms Sturgeon continued: "We know that these restrictions are difficult, but public health and preventing the spread of the virus must come first.
"Scottish Government will take considered decisions based on what is right for Scotland. A key point for us - which we hope to clarify ASAP - is whether extended furlough support is available only in November or flexibly for devolved admins. That could have an impact on our decisions."
Uninhabitable Glasgow villa a 'developers dream' as home goes up for auction
PropertyThe two-bedroom semi-detached house, located on Duncruin Street in the Gilshochill area, is marketed by the sellers as having 'incredible potential for redevelopment'.


text:
Il Millet armeno () era il millet ottomano (ossia la comunità etno-religiosa autonoma) della Chiesa apostolica armena. Inizialmente comprendeva non solo gli armeni dell'Impero ottomano, ma i membri di altre chiese cristiane tra cui la Chiesa copta, la Chiesa cattolica caldea, la Chiesa ortodossa etiope Tewahedo e la Chiesa ortodossa-siriaca, sebbene la maggior parte di questi gruppi ottenne il proprio millet nel XIX secolo. Maometto II li separò dai greco-ortodossi a causa dei disaccordi che avevano sull'ortodossia. I membri del millet non solo erano in grado di gestire le cose in modo autonomo, ma avevano lo status giuridico per portare un caso ai tribunali islamici. Il millet armeno non aveva la capacità di detenere l'autorità sulle molte persone che sarebbero state interessate, e il potere del patriarca armeno non aveva una vera autorità a Costantinopoli essendo cosi lontano dall'Anatolia.

Note

Bibliografia

Voci correlate
 Rūm millet

Storia dell'Impero ottomano
Armeni ottomani
Chiesa apostolica armena
Cristianesimo nell'Impero ottomano

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Max Bretschneider (* 30. April 1872 in Crimmitschau (Sachsen); † 28. Dezember 1950 in Rom) war ein deutscher Buchhändler und Verleger, der vorwiegend in Rom wirkte.

Bretschneider ging nach einer Buchhändlerlehre bereits in jungen Jahren 1894 nach Rom, wo er mit der Verlagsbuchhandlung von Hermann Loescher zusammenarbeitete. Nach dessen Tod erwarb Bretschneider den Verlag im Jahr 1896. Im Jahr 1907 eröffnete er in der Via del Tritone eine Verlagsbuchhandlung unter eigenem Namen, die schon bald zum Treffpunkt für alle Antikenbegeisterten in der ewigen Stadt wurde. 1928 zog er mit Buchhandlung, Verlag und Wohnung in die Via Cassiodoro 19 im Quartier Prati um, wo sich noch heute der Sitz der Verlagsbuchhandlung befindet. Seit 1945 trugen Verlag und Buchhandlung den Namen «L'ERMA» di Bretschneider, ein Akronym für Libreria Editrice Romana Monumenti e Arte. Der auf Altertumswissenschaft, Archäologie und Kunstgeschichte spezialisierte Verlag wird noch immer als Familienunternehmen, mittlerweile in dritter Generation, weitergeführt.

Literatur
 "L'Erma" di Bretschneider: La storia di una casa editrice dal 1896 / Die Geschichte eines Verlages (gegr. 1896) / A Publishing House History since 1896, Roma 2000, ISBN 88-8265-043-X

Weblinks
 Internetseite «L'ERMA» di Bretschneider

Buchhändler
Verleger (20. Jahrhundert)
Deutscher
Geboren 1872
Gestorben 1950
Mann


text:
Q: Matlab - calculate curvature along an ordered perimeter I found a little mathematical expression to find the curvature along an ordered perimeter. I get that ordered perimeter using the function bwboundaries.
To use it I start to define three coordinates p1,p2 and p3 which are column vectors x,y.
    % the part above extract the three coordinates into row vectors y,x.
    % That's why I flip and transpose them.

    p1=outlineCoords(i,:);
    p2=outlineCoords2;
    p3=outlineCoords3;

    p1 = fliplr(p1);
    p2 = fliplr(p2);
    p3 = fliplr(p3);

    p1 = p1.';
    p2 = p2.';
    p3 = p3.';

Here is the mathematical expression :
curVec(i) = 2*det([p1-p3,p2-p1])/(norm(p1-p3)*norm((p2-p1)*norm(p2-p3)));

I don't like using things that I don't understand. I think that for each point of my contour it fits a circle through p1,p2 and p3 and take the inverse of the radius but I don't understand why it gives me the curvature...
I draw the curvature with a color code going from blue to red.

Somebody could help me to understand better what I'm dealing with !?
Thank you !

A: In vector calculus curvature is related to the second derivative. The first being the tangent. You would have to reverse that equation in mysterious ways to show it's derivation; which I cannot do. But I have however arrived at that and other similar formulas several times based on what I already know curvature to be.
Here is the calculus notes on the topic. You see it is very similar to your equation:
Calculus III - Curvature

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Awesome beer and awesome coffee. All exclusive to Somerville and Bow Market.
At Remnant, we've designed our space to intentionally bring you into the process of making beer. Here, you can sit inches away from the brewery (and Charlie's running commentary), and be exposed to all the sounds, smells, and temperature swings associated with making a batch of beer.
When you visit Remnant Brewing there are three unique spaces for you to enjoy our rotating offerings: The Barrel Room, The Taproom, and The Beer Garden. The Beer Garden is roughly 1,000 SF and will be open 365 days a year, weather permitting — it's Massachusetts, after all! The Beer Garden, in particular, was designed to be a communal gathering space, with stepped stadium seating and an open patio where you can take in an outdoor movie or listen to live music sitting beside your neighbors.
At Remnant Brewing, every day is a brew day, and no matter when you sit, you will feel like you are participating in the brewing process. We invite you to ask our head brewer about what malt, hop, or yeast we are using. Come back a couple weeks later and enjoy that same beer on tap! (For Remnant's barrel-aged beer offerings, mark your calendars for our special releases, which occur roughly every six months.) Every visit will be a different experience, and that's by design.
Come thirsty, come often. We can't wait to brew with you!
"We've seen Bow Market grow from its infancy and we've grown along with it. When we heard there would be space big enough for a brewery, we went from consulting on other people's ideas to finding funding for this one.


Established in 1973, EU Business School (EU) is a triple-accredited, multicampus, international business school. It is one of the world's leading business schools, delivering exceptionally comprehensive business education in a competitive and global learning environment. In addition to small, dynamic classes offered in English, EU students also enjoy an international environment while getting the best of both North American and European academic curricula.
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For over 40 years, EU has provided a quality education to students from all over the world. Our 100+ nationality average gives students a globally diverse environment with excellent networking opportunities.
EU's Online MBA ranked number one in CEO Magazine's 2015 global online rankings; EU's on-campus MBA was featured in the top tier of the European MBA rankings. The QS Top MBA list 2012 has placed European University in the Top 35 European Global MBA programs out of a total of 200 top business schools worldwide.
cooperative and caring learning environment.
EU offers innovative Bachelor and Master programs with majors in Business Administration; Communication & Public Relations; Leisure & Tourism Management; Business Finance; Sports Management; International Relations; Entrepreneurship; and E-Business among others. We also offer a one-year Business Foundation program, which prepares students for our subsequent bachelor's programs.
EU Business School's undergraduate curricula are in line with the Treaty of Bologna; the programs last three years (six 13-week semesters, 180 ECTS). Students also have the opportunity to complete their studies in two years if they take classes during two, intensive summer semesters. The core curricula prepare undergraduates to enter the business world.
EU offers students the option to take part in further undergraduate study programs through affiliations with other renowned international academic institutions.
The MBA, Online MBA and Executive MBA degrees from EU Business School are internationally-recognised graduate degrees that serve as passports to successful management careers.
The MBA curriculum is tailored to accommodate each candidate's needs. Utilizing a pragmatic approach to business education which emphasizes the case-study method, these programs effectively prepare students for leadership positions in the modern business world.
EU's Online MBA program adapts its onsite MBA program to an easy-to-use web platform taught by acclaimed professors with extensive experience in online education. This blended experience also includes on-campus weeks giving students the opportunity to meet the faculty and colleagues.
Why Global Business School Barcelona?