text:
What College Courses Are Needed to Become a Neonatal Doctor?
By Kate Prudchenko
What Classes Must You Take for Pharmacology?
The Science Courses Needed for a Crime Lab Analyst
What Classes Do Plastic Surgeons Have to Take in College?
Do You Need to Know Calculus to Study Computer Science in College?
What Is the Difference Between a Ph.D. in Veterinary Science & a D.V.M.?
Neonatal physicians are doctors who treat newborns and infants. They specialize in premature births and primarily work in intense critical care units in hospitals. Students who are interested in becoming neonatal doctors have to complete four years of a bachelor's degree program, four years of medical school and five to seven years of residency work in neonatal medicine.
Premed Requirements
All medical schools require prospective applicants to take certain undergraduate courses prior to seeking admission. These courses, typically called premed requirements or premed prerequisites, ensure medical school committees that all prospective applicants have strong foundational knowledge in different natural sciences and mathematics. Requirements vary, but many medical schools require students to take a year of principles of biology, general and organic chemistry, introductory physics and a semester of calculus.
Principles of Biology
Students who are interested in applying to medical school and becoming neonatal doctors have to take two semesters of general biology, commonly known as principles of biology. These courses introduce students to the study of life, covering topics such as cells, mitochondria and different cellular functions. Both semesters of biology also come with laboratory sections, which show students how to handle biological samples and conduct and write up basic biological research. Principles of biology 1 and 2 are prerequisites for organic chemistry, another important premed requirement.
General and Organic Chemistry
Prospective neonatal doctors also have to take two years of chemistry courses. Chemistry is the study of the building blocks of life and covers topics such as elements, atoms, liquids, solids, gases, acids and bases. Prospective medical students typically take a year of general chemistry during their second year of college and a year of organic chemistry during the third year of college. Organic chemistry is a specific type of chemistry that focuses on compounds with carbon atoms. Both general and organic chemistry come with mandatory laboratory sections that teach students chemical laboratory work and how to conduct basic chemistry research.
Introductory Physics and Calculus
In addition to biology, chemistry and organic chemistry, college students interested in becoming neonatal doctors also have to take a year of introductory or general physics. These courses cover topics in mechanics and electromagnetism and require students to have thorough knowledge of algebra 1 and 2 and pre-calculus. Many medical schools also require students to take one semester of calculus. Calculus is the study of the rate of change of functions and it teaches students how to differentiate and integrate functions in one dimension. Most medical schools allow students to take introductory physics that relies on algebra 1 and 2 and pre-calculus, but some medical schools require students to take introductory physics courses, which use calculus. Prospective neonatal doctors typically take calculus during their first year of college and introductory physics during their second year of college.
University of Georgia: Premedical Studies Program
University of California Berkeley: Pre-Med Information
Citrus College: Pre-Med Advising Sheet
Kate Prudchenko has been a writer and editor for five years, publishing peer-reviewed articles, essays, and book chapters in a variety of publications including Immersive Environments: Future Trends in Education and Contemporary Literary Review India. She has a BA and MS in Mathematics, MA in English/Writing, and is completing a PhD in Education.
Nursing School Requisites vs. Pre-med Requisites
What Should I Major in if I Want to Be a Radiologist?
What General Education Classes Do I Need to Take for a Nursing Major?
Biology Classes Related to Nursing
College Classes Required to Study Genetics
What Math Do People Who Want to Become Doctors Need to Take in High School & College?
College Classes for a Biomedical Engineering Technician
What Courses Should I Take in College to Become a Family Doctor?
What Classes Do I Need to Take for the MCAT?
1 Nursing School Requisites vs. Pre-med Requisites
2 What Should I Major in if I Want to Be a Radiologist?
3 What General Education Classes Do I Need to Take for a Nursing Major?
4 Biology Classes Related to Nursing


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Q: Reshape pandas dataframe by transposing certain columns to rows I have a pandas dataframe like this:
+-------+-----+-----------------+----------------+----------------+
| name  | age | favourite_color | favourite_food | favourite_city |
+-------+-----+-----------------+----------------+----------------+
| john  |  25 | yellow          | apple          | munich         |
| james |  24 | red             | onion          | melbourne      |
+-------+-----+-----------------+----------------+----------------+

I want to make it look like this:

+-------+-----+--------------------+-----------------------------+
| name  | age | favourite category | value of favourite category |
+-------+-----+--------------------+-----------------------------+
| john  |  25 | color              | yellow                      |
| john  |  25 | food               | apple                       |
| john  |  25 | city               | munich                      |
| james |  24 | color              | red                         |
| james |  24 | food               | onion                       |
| james |  24 | city               | melbourne                   |
+-------+-----+--------------------+-----------------------------+

I want to take the 3 "favorite_thing" categories and break them down from 3 columns, to 2 columns. One column should be the name of the thing and the other column should be the value of the thing.
In the process, the number of rows in the table, should get multiplied by the number of favourite_something categories (in this case 3x), and the common values like name and age should just get duplicated.
At a high level, my dataset contains 3 observations per row for each person: favourite color, food and city. I want to reshape the dataframe so that there is only a single observation in any given row.
Please tell me what is this operation called in data processing and the easiest way to do it in python  and pandas.

A: This is essentially a reshaping problem that you can solve using DataFrame.melt. Your dataframe has multiple value variables,
new_df = df.melt(id_vars= ['name', 'age'], value_vars=['favourite_color', 'favourite_food', 'favourite_city'], \
        var_name='favourite category', value_name='value of favourite category')
new_df['favourite category'] = new_df['favourite category'].replace({'favourite_':''}, regex = True)

    name    age favourite category  value of favourite category
0   john    25  color               yellow
1   james   24  color               red
2   john    25  food                apple
3   james   24  food                onion
4   john    25  city                munich
5   james   24  city                melbourne

A: Since there is some commonality in the columns u wish to reshape('favourite'), pandas' wide to long can be deployed here : Simply state the various arguments, and pass it into the function:
  pd.wide_to_long(df,
                  stubnames ='favourite',
                  i=['name','age'],
                  j='favourite category',
                  suffix = r'(color|food|city)',
                  sep='_').rename(columns={'favourite':'value of favourite category'}).reset_index()

    name    age favourite category  value of favourite category
0   john    25       color                 yellow
1   john    25       food                  apple
2   john    25       city                  munich
3   james   24       color                 red
4   james   24       food                  onion
5   james   24       city                  melbourne

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Margaret Aspinall, chair of the Hillsborough Family Support Group, has explained the planned tributes for the 29th anniversary of the Hillsborough tragedy this weekend.
Respects will be paid to the 96 fans who lost their lives as a result of the events at the FA Cup semi-final between Liverpool and Nottingham Forest on April 15, 1989.
It has also been confirmed that a memorial service will be held at Anfield in 2019 to mark the 30th anniversary of the disaster.
In an interview with LFCTV, Aspinall discussed the processes which have led to those decisions – watch the chat above.


text:
United Way seeks applications for Volunteer United Youth Scholarship Awards
Published 8:51 am Tuesday, January 4, 2022
By Submitted
SOUTHWEST MICHIGAN — United Way of Southwest Michigan is now accepting applications for its annual Volunteer United Youth Scholarships. Winning youth volunteers will demonstrate a commitment to volunteerism through creativity, dedication and advocacy for community improvement.
One winner will be chosen from Berrien County, one will be chosen from Cass County, and one will be chosen from Van Buren County. Applicants must either live in or attend school in one of the three counties.
Each winner will receive a $1,000 scholarship made out on their behalf to their college, university, trade school, or institution of higher learning that offers post-secondary credentials. Only current high-school seniors are eligible.
Deadline to apply is Feb. 28. Those interested can apply at uwsm.org/nominate-a-volunteer.
In 2021, the Volunteer United Youth Scholarships were awarded to Sarah Jannings of Lake Michigan Catholic High School (attending Saint Mary's College), Drew Bidwell of Edwardsburg High School (Hope College), and South Haven resident Hahna Gorenz of Michigan Lutheran High School (Southwestern Michigan College).
"Every year, we are inspired by the applicants for this award. To see leadership and character in a young person who wants to give their time and talents to their community is great indicator of their future success and happiness, and something we as a community should applaud and reward," said Debbie Ramirez, director of volunteer engagement at United Way of Southwest Michigan.
More Top Home
Brandywine improves to 10-1 with win over Rams
Cass County welcomes new 4-H program coordinator
Daily Data: Monday, Jan. 3

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Shirin Bhandari
Writer, Photographer, Documentary Filmmaker
Shirin Bhandari is a freelance writer, photographer, and documentary filmmaker currently based in Manila, Philippines. Her work has been featured in the award-winning publications- Roads and Kingdoms and Anthony Bourdain's Parts Unknown which centers on politics, food, and travel journalism. Her articles and photographs have also been published on the Women's Media Center, Slate, CNN, and VICE. Shirin is a Logan Nonfiction Fellow for the Carey Institute of Global Good and a member of Woman Photograph.
She has produced documentaries for International Media Support (IMS), UNICEF, European Union Humanitarian Aid, Save the Children, and CARE. Shirin's stories have touched on important topics on conflict, displacement, climate change, typhoon recovery, malnutrition, HIV, and LGBT/gender-based issues.
Her first feature-length documentary film, "People of the Lake" is a finalist of the IF/Then development lab of the Tribeca Film Institute NYC. It completed a development lab with Asia Doc and the Logan Non-Fiction Program. The film won a production grant from the Film Development Council of the Philippines last September 2021. It is set to be completed in 2023.
Visit: https://shirinbhandari.com/
Assignments? [email protected]
Queer Festival Heidelberg
Shirin Bhandari - The Show Goes On
In her long term documentation, Shirin Bhandari makes friends with the Golden Gays, a group of elderly drag performers in Manila. Her intimate snapshot portraits and dressing room scenes initiate a visual and emotional understanding for the lives, relationships and community of her protagonists.
Womensmediacenter
Three Years After the Marawi Siege, Residents Cannot Return to Their Ancestral Lands - Women's...
Years after Marawi was liberated from jihadists loyal to the Islamic State, thousands of residents have not been allowed to return to their own land. Now, they face the government's backhoes contracted to flatten the remnants of their ancestral property to commercialize the city and make it a tourist destination.
What It's Like To Deal Drugs In a Country With the Harshest Penalties In the World
Illustration by 'Hey, you around?' is VICE's new column asking drug dealers not just what they're selling, but how they're doing. Datu Puti *, 44, is from Manila, Philippines and has been selling all cannabis products (hash, herb, CBD, edibles, medicals, cartridges, etc), for 16 years.
In Overcrowded Manila, Cemeteries Are Homes for the Dead and the Living
Each week, Roads & Kingdoms and Slate publish a new dispatch from around the globe. For more foreign correspondence mixed with food, war, travel, and photography, visit its online magazine or follow @roadskingdoms on Twitter. Carolyn fetches a small bucket of water to fill the concrete vases. "Bend the stems," she says.
This village was once full of people. Now a tiny restaurant is its only sign of life.
Viet Ville used to be home to nearly 2,000 Vietnamese refugees who sought asylum in the Philippines. Today it's a rare stop for tourists who come to see its decaying remains-and want to sample Vietnamese food at the village's only restaurant.
What to know before you go to Manila
Manila is an underrated hub for art and culture, with a unique legacy of Chinese, Spanish, and American influences in architecture, cuisine, and customs. My hometown has a reputation for chaos. Overpopulation, traffic jams, natural disasters, and plenty of man-made ones. Manila is one of the in the world, home to almost 13 million people.
People Have Learned To Drink Early in Duterte's Philippines - Roads & Kingdoms
Drunken Screed: Rum in Manila
Explore Parts Unknown
The Perfect Day in Amritsar
The sacred land of turbans and ghee, Amritsar is a city of about a million in the state of Punjab, in northern India. It is situated across the Pakistani border on the Grand Trunk Road, one of Asia's longest and oldest routes.
Dinner on the Grand Trunk Road - Roads & Kingdoms
Amritsar was the end of the line. For years I travelled-and dreaded-the same route from Delhi to my father's northern hometown. It was the last stop by train along the plains of the Indian section of the Punjab region, and a gateway to the Himalayas. The train would start from Delhi filled with locals.
The Passion Play of Pasay
Penitence came on a hot and humid summer night. I was lost, walking through what seemed to be an endless concrete labyrinth, when I stopped to catch my breath and ask a group of women for directions to the town plaza. "You're still quite far," one of them told me.
All Copyrights Belong to Their Respective Owners. Photo by Andrew Seaman on Unsplash.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Abu Dhabi Restaurants
Abu Dhabi is a gourmet's paradise, and the food here gratifies not only your taste buds but also your very senses.
Restaurants in Abu Dhabi serve a large variety of cuisines such as Indian, French, American, Lebanese and Japanese along with their traditional Arabic fare. Some restaurants are located in famous hotels in Abu Dhabi. In contrast, some of the restaurants are lavishly decorated by world-class designers and entertain their guests with live music or dance performances. The sheer variety in the type of restaurants to choose from will leave you baffled, be it a small cafe, or a steak house or even a sushi place you will always have an option to try something new and exciting.
The Hakkasan restaurant in Abu Dhabi came into the business in 2010, and since then they have been on a roll. 16,000 sq. Ft. restaurant comprises of a restaurant, a lounge, bar and four private dining rooms. The interiors of the place are tastefully done with carved wooden screens and backlit blue glasses. This restaurant specializes in its multi-cuisine variety and is a great place to hang out with friends.
Address: Emirates Palace, Corniche Road, Abu Dhabi, UAE
Opening Times: Mon-Thus: 18:00pm–12:00am (Dinner),
Fri: 12:00pm–16:00pm (Lunch)
Ushna
Restaurant Ushna is located within the Souk Qaryat Al Beri in Abu Dhabi and is a sheer delight for Indian food lovers. The flavours bloom and the assorted ingredients and spices make up a menu which is true to its Indian roots. The award-winning restaurant has dazzling interiors & flawless service that put you to ease at once.
Address: Souk Qaryat Al Beri, Abu Dhabi, UAE
Whatever your heart craves you are sure to get it here. This award-winning restaurant incorporates a variety of cuisines such as seafood, Indian, steak and Arabian salad, which can be thoroughly enjoyed in the hotel's luxurious setting. The live cooking stations and the unlimited buffet options can satiate your tongue, whereas the beautiful views from the ocean will gladden your heart.
Address: Podium Level 2, Jumeirah at Etihad Towers, Abu Dhabi, UAE
Opening Times: 6:30am-11:00am (Breakfast),
12:30pm-15:30pm (Lunch),
19:00pm-23:00pm (Dinner)
The Hakkasan restaurant in Abu Dhabi came into business in 2010 and since then they have been on the roll. The 16,000 sq. ft. restaurant comprises of a restaurant, a lounge, bar and four private dining rooms. The interiors of the place are tastefully done with carved wooden screens and backlit blue glasses. This restaurant specialises in its multi-cuisine variety and is a great place to hang out with friends.
Address: Al Ras Al Akhdar, Abu Dhabi, UAE
Brasserie Angélique
Brasserie Angelique
The award winning French restaurant, Brasserie Angelique presents a spectacular à la carte menu which is prepared by the world-famous chefs. The plush interiors and soft lights make the dining experience memorable for everyone. The restaurant is dedicated to provide world class cuisine, which ranges from appetizing hors d'oeuvre to the lip-smacking desserts. Come to experience the French dining at its best.
Opening Times: Mon-Sun: 12:00pm-15:30pm (Lunch),
Mon-Sun: 19:00pm-23:30pm (Dinner)
Byblos Sur Mer
Treat yourself and your loved ones to authentic Lebanese fare at the Byblos Sur Mer restaurant in Abu Dhabi. The 300-seat restaurant is huge and occupies two floors with spacious terraces overlooking the marina. The second floor is dedicated to a lounge bar where the performers entertain the guests. This restaurant regularly organizes various events and has many special discount offers throughout the year.
Address: InterContinental-King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz Al Saud St, Abu Dhabi, UAE
Opening Times: 12:30PM – 2:00AM
Li Beirut
The Li Beirut restaurant, located in the Jumeirah Etihad Towers offers a lavish Lebanese fare in a chic and elegant setting. The menu is interesting and essentially Lebanese but also integrates some European touches, to make it a truly world-class dining experience. The eager to please and attentive staff takes you through each course seamlessly and efficiently.
Opening Times: 12:00pm–15:00am (Lunch),
19:00pm–00:00am (Dinner)
Koi Restaurant & Lounge
This California-style Japanese restaurant is a place where a wonderful fusion of American and Japanese gastronomy can be thoroughly enjoyed. The restaurant serves some amazing signature dishes such as KOI Crispy Rice topped with Spicy Tuna, Spicy Crunchy Yellowtail Tartare, etc. which are traditional yet modern at the same time and incorporates the best things from both.
Address: The St. Regis Saadiyat Island Resort Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, UAE
Opening Times: Sat to Wed: 18:30PM-1:00AM, Thu and Fri: 18:30PM-2:00AM (Dinner),
Fri: 6:30PM-2:00AM (Brunch)
Nahaam
A stylish poolside restaurant at Jumeriah at Etihad Towers, Nahaam puts forward a casual yet refreshing way of dining. This award-winning restaurant offers a variety of food preparations such as Goats' cheese ravioli, Chargrilled Wagyu Beef Burger, Spicy marinated beef strips and has a cool indoor and al fresco dining set. The restaurant's decor is funky and has a gorgeous view of the pool, which imparts a youthful and modern vibe to it.
Opening Times: 11:00AM to 23:00PM
BOA Steakhouse
A rare treat for the steak-lovers, this international steakhouse combines a colourful atmosphere with contemporary steakhouse fare. The restaurant serves a wide variety of steaks and chops that includes Kansas beef, mid-western Texas, Certified Organic Beef, Premium American Wagyu, etc. Along with steaks, the restaurant also serves mouth-watering seafood and poultry dishes with salads.
Address: Eastern Mangroves Promenade Sheikh Zayed Street, Abu Dhabi, UAE
Opening Times: Sat to Tue: 12:30PM-1:00AM, Wed and Fri: 18:30PM-2:00AM,
Fri: 12:30PM-2:00AM
Villa Toscana
The Villa Toscana restaurant located at the 'The St. Regis Abu Dhabi Nation Towers' boasts of an authentic Italian fare, which comes straight from the regions of Tuscany, Umbria and Emilia-Romagna. The wooden furnishings, lofty ceiling and gigantic chandeliers give a pleasant effect to the environment. A place is an ideal place for cosy family dinners or even for a corporate lunch outing.
Address: The St. Regis Abu Dhabi, Nation Towers, Abu Dhabi, UAE
Opening Times: Thu to Sun: 12:00PM-15:00PM (Lunch),
Fri: 12:00PM-16:00PM (Brunch),
Mon to Sun: 19:00PM-23:00PM (Dinner)


When the PM of India started his talk with "the effects of digitization…" at the World Government Summit I was preparing to activate my stare-daydream-nod-clap conference mode. Having been in the Tech scene for the last 10 years, I thought there is nothing new I can hear about the effects of digitization. I was wrong. Mr. Modi along with several other thought-leaders in governments were talking about challenges I have never heard of in the industrial world before. However, I have seen similar challenges and solutions in neuroscience. Governments today seem to face problems that nature solved by evolving brains.
This article introduces two challenges, playfully compares them to the evolution and functionality of the brain and finally extracts several lessons — on a high level.
Challenge 1: We used to have shortage of data, now we have a confusing abundance of it.
Governments, as we know them, were conceived in times when data was scarce. Most of the functions of governments were designed around the need of gathering data. That is not the main challenge anymore; data is available in abundance, and that poses a fundamentally different challenge. Rather than gathering and storing data, governments are in need of the skill of making sense of a huge amount of data in real-time. Not being able to do so could have, and has had, catastrophic consequences.
Malcolm Gladwell makes this point by comparing two of the biggest national security crises for the US in the last century: the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962 and September 11th in 2001. During the Cuban Missile Crisis, the CIA tackled the situation by going out and gathering information about the situation in Cuba: pictures from spy planes, on-the-ground spies, interception of diplomatic cables, etc. Only thereafter were they able to assess the situation and generate a reaction.
9/11 was completely different. On the day of September 11th, the CIA and the FBI were already in possession of all the information they needed to avoid the attack. That is what the "9/11 Commission Report" concluded. The problem wasn't negligence, the problem was that they also had a lot of other data. There is no reasonable amount of resources that would allow the analysis of all the available data in a time-scale that would still allow them to react. In fact, the CIA was able to piece together what happened in 9/11 out of information it already had: interrogation scripts of capture Al-Qaida operatives in Yemen months before, reports and memos about suspicions of rising flying trainees, money trails, etc. The data acquired after 9/11 were used to direct the interrogators on where to look in the information they already had.
According to a prominent theory, the trigger for the evolution of a sophisticated brain was the ability to move. Beyond the obvious consequences on the function of the brain, movement resulted in a massive increase of the flow of data into the brain. Information had existed everywhere, but with the ability to move, organisms collected more of it. Moreover, because movement enabled hunting, escaping, socializing and other crucial functions, information became more important. Knowledge became the difference between surviving and dying, between mating and not (try using a scientific citation next time you flirt with someone). That is a situation similar to the one governments started facing in the last two decades. Digitization did for governments what movement did for brains; It massively increased the influx of data and on top that made data more important.
After movement, the organism came into an environment where survival and reproduction heavily depended on the ability to recognize dangers and opportunities using constant flow of information from the sensory organs. Without going into much detail here, the brain did so by combining data from different sources at an early stage of information processing and decentral decision-making. For early humans, a sound of growling, combined with a certain pattern of steps in the woods at night was a sign of trouble that required escaping. A sight of a human of an opposite gender with a pattern of inviting behaviour combined with the lack of threat of other humans around meant a chance to mate. If you take away one aspect of either picture, the information isn't as valuable anymore.
Digitization did for governments what movement did for brains; It massively increased the influx of data and on top that made data more important.
No matter how inviting the mating signs are, the growling sound would end the process immediately. That is, because not only does the brain make sense out of the flow of information, it can also redirect its information-gathering devices according to its internal state and goals, in real-time. That is a resource-effective way to handle huge amounts of data. As an organ, the brain is already scratching the level of maximum resources it could ask from the organism: calories, oxygen, development time (childhood), size, etc. Also, being slow in the processing is also and there is no use to make sense of the data late. Attention systems are the way the brain manages its resources efficiently to still be able to do its job.
Governments, just like the brain, are faced with a maximum limit of resources and authority (e.g. privacy) and at the same time tougher requirements. Attention is to the brain what hindsight is for governments.
Arguably the biggest long-term impact of digitization is going to be that it makes the physical space less important. Digitization and its derivates have created a second space: the cyberspace. The physical space is where governments were conceived. Their purpose, functions and structures were inspired by physical things that don't necessarily apply to the cyberspace and therefore aren't compatible with the digital era.
According to the 17th century English philosopher Thomas Hobbes, governments originated when individuals, who had been in absolute freedom before, came together and established a social contract to minimize their dangers by collectively sacrificing some of their freedoms/opportunities. Before that, they had been in the so-called state of nature where everyone had absolute freedom but also big dangers. The shift to a political order was about a dynamic in the balance of opportunities and dangers. Getting into the social contract, i.e. founding a government, meant reducing the probabilities of the dangers by sacrificing some of the opportunities. (for mathematics fans, I could share a mathematical analysis of this dynamic with you 😊).
Crucially, the dangers, opportunities and their probabilities were all directly linked to the physical space. Two individuals could only present dangers and opportunities to each other if they were physically close to each other. That is why the concept, structures and functions of governments revolved around the physical space. But nowadays the situation is different: individuals can present dangers and opportunities to each other regardless of their position in the physical world. That changes a lot for governments.
Nowadays, individuals could have interdependencies regardless of their physical position. Henry Kissinger goes as far as saying that this even created a new "state of nature" as described by Hobbes, where everyone is quasi-absolutely free again: "[technology] has, in some respects created the state of nature […], which provided the motivating force for creating a political order". That implies both the possibility and the necessity to have a social contract independent of the physical world that regulates the dynamic of dangers and opportunities in this new cyberspace. E-commerce, cybercrime, international virtual outsourcing and fake news are just some of the obvious digital opportunities and dangers.
This is completely contrary and disruptive to the way governments are set-up today. First, governments are predetermined by a physical space that contains individuals with significant existence in a cyberspace. Second, governments are now supposed to manage a network of elements more numerous, more interconnected and faster than ever before. Although we know how to create such networks, we still aren't equipped to engineer and control them decentrally. Just think of the financial crisis in 2008 -or any other global economic crisis- as an example of such failure.
Interconnectivity turned the world into a type of dynamic networks mathematicians call adaptive networks. Such networks are characterized by the cliché "The whole is more than the sum of the parts." Networks have some properties on the "macro" level that are not existent on the "micro" level (emergent properties). This means we now have a new mystic space that exists in the difference between "the whole" and "the sum of the parts".
Having a social contract in such a network requires being able to understand and therefore govern the space between "whole" and the "sum of the parts". That is something we don't know how to do and are badly equipped to learn. Ironically, the same conditions that created such a world created a generation least skilled to handle it (pages 341–361 of Henry Kissinger's "World Order). Moreover, the dynamics of that mystic space are still active fields in mathematics, physics and biology research.
The brain on the other hand masters the art of dealing with that mystic space. Almost all the cognitive phenomena attributed to intelligence are considered to be emergent properties. Problem-solving, attention, creativity, decision-making, memory etc. are all properties that do not exist on the "micro" level. What is interesting is the way the brain manages such phenomena without having a central structure. Consider memory: the function itself is distributed over many areas of the brain; nevertheless, there are structures (e.g. hippocampus) that enable the function and "nudge" it. Problem-solving and decision-making is a similar case: it happens in different parts of the prefrontal cortex as well as motoric cortex. However, structures like the amygdala regulate such a process through emotion and reward systems. If we learn how the brain does that, we could learn how to observe, analyse and engineer phenomena in adaptive networks and the "mystic place" to produce a certain output. Only with that skill could we design social contracts/governments that are independent of the physical space.
So, what could governments learn from the brain?
Attention: real-time ability to focus on certain aspects and switch that focus according to internal parameters (attention).
New technologies would enable the governments to achieve the first point. "Internet of Things" (IoT) offers an array of sensors, CPUs and the connectivity modules to be able to constantly gather information from the "physical world" and stream it to do the job of sensory organs. Web crawling techniques could do the same for the cyberspace. In addition to that, different artificial intelligence and data science techniques combined with the ones above could perform real-time pattern recognition and prediction activities that would mirror what happens at the lower sensory cortexes in the brain. The moral question of whether a government should do this or not is ignored in this article.
The structure and human resources of the government would play an important role in recreating the holistic perception and attention systems. Combining different types of "sensory" data requires a structure that allows communication between departments at low levels of hierarchy. Information should be exchanged and combined at early stages of processing across the different departments creating an early multifaceted perception of the situation. That would allow decisions to be made earlier, more decentrally and possibly more effectively. It would also enable an "attention" function. Remember that attention in this context is equivalent to redirecting the data-gathering systems/teams according to the internal state of the system in real-time. This could only work if different departments were communicating early in the data-gathering process and if they are authorized to direct each other's priorities.
Decentral decision-making processes are also crucial to accomplish this task. Just as different parts of the brain are able to make decisions but still be in sync with a more general goal, governments could get rid of traditional chains of command and move into a more decentralized approach. That is about both empowerments, ability to draw a clear strategy and an inclusive culture. The business world has already adopted such methods in the last few years.
Finally, if the nature of governments and the social contract behind them does indeed change and they shift into having to manage adaptive networks, then it becomes imperative for us to understand how to engineer and manage such networks. That is a very interesting mathematical, technological and structural challenge. We have become very good at using technology to create such networks. But, if we don't have them under control (without having to adhere to centralization), the consequences could be huge. Mark Zuckerberg has been apologizing lately for this. Governments can't "do a Facebook".


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South Western TimesSouth WestWA NewsRegional WA
Have your say on project
Michael PhilippsSouth Western Times
Thu, 4 October 2018 5:03PM
Camera IconLandCorp South West regional manager Matthew Whyte, Bunbury MLA Don Punch, Bunbury Development Committee chairwoman Robyn Fenech, South West Development Commission acting chief executive officer Rebecca Ball and City of Bunbury chief executive officer Mal Osborne are urging residents to take part in a survey on the Casuarina Drive project. Credit: Michael Philipps
Bunbury residents are being encouraged to have their say on the future of the amenities and landscaping along Casuarina Drive in the form of a survey.
Bunbury Development Committee chairwoman Robyn Fenech said it was important the redevelopment reflected the values of residents and recreational users.
"This is part of stage 2 of Transforming Bunbury's Waterfront," she said.
"It is essentially a landscaping project that will join Jetty Road around to the old Outer Harbour.
"We want insight and ideas from the community, so we encourage you to complete the online survey.
"Information and suggestions will help shape the initial landscape design concept."
Under the guidance of the committee, a number of organisations including LandCorp, the South West Development Commission and the City of Bunbury are working together to develop the project.
Ms Fenech said the committee was at the design stage.
"We will be looking at ways to provide formalised parking for BP Beach as well as opening up access across to the ocean," she said.
"It is more of a passive space to work as a joiner between two areas of the Transforming Bunbury's Waterfront project."
Bunbury MLA Don Punch said the State Government would provide money for the project.
"I would encourage everyone to provide some feedback for this survey," he said.
"Bunbury is going to live for a long time with the outcomes from the Bunbury Waterfront project.
"So it is important that people contribute to that so that we can make sure we get it right."
To access the survey, visit www.transformingbunburyswaterfront.com.au/survey.


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Egypt: Securing energy supplies
EgyptEnergy
A range of gas exploration tenders should bring Egypt billions of dollars in investment this year and help the country meet its pressing long-term energy needs.
On April 16, Egyptian Natural Gas Holding Company (Egas) awarded eight licences for gas exploration and said it would potentially be offering at least 10 more this year. The winning bidders were the UK's BP and Petroceltic, UAE-based Dana Gas, Italy's Edison, Sea Dragon Energy of Canada, Australia's Pura Vida Energy and the International Egyptian Oil Company. Combined, the licensees are expected to drill a minimum of 18 wells and make investments amounting to at least $1.2bn. Osama Kamal, former head of the Ministry of Petroleum, has said in the past that investments in gas and oil exploration are projected to total $8.6bn this year.
The winning bidders will be allowed to sell their share of the gas produced; previously, the Egyptian state was the sole buyer, with the exception of output that was exported as liquefied natural gas (LNG) from Edku on the Mediterranean Sea. These more accommodating terms were prompted in part by the initially limited interest in the most recent round, which had to be pushed back from November 2012 to February 2013.
Investments in gas exploration over the past 20 years have paid dividends, and proven reserves totalled 2.2tn cubic metres (tcm), or 77.3trn cubic feet (tcf) at the end of 2011, according to BP's July 2012 Statistical Energy Review, up from 0.4 tcm in 1991 and 1.6 tcm in 2001. Production reached 61.3bn cubic metres (bcm), up from just 25.2 bcm a decade earlier. BP estimates that at current output levels, proven reserves will last just under 37 years. Production continued to outstrip consumption in 2011, at 44.7 bcm.
But exploration has slowed since the Egyptian Revolution of early 2011, due to the uncertain business environment that followed. Gas output has declined this year to a daily average of 5.75bn cubic feet (bcf) from 6 bcf last year, according to Ayman Sakr, vice-president of the state-owned Egyptian General Petroleum Corporation.
Egypt exports a significant amount of natural gas, both as LNG and via pipelines, earning about $2.9bn from sales in the 2011/12 fiscal year. But this year, the country, which has already become a net energy importer, may purchase foreign gas for the first time, as output slows at existing fields and demand continues to rise. Gas usage increased by 10% in 2011, even when economic growth fell below 2% and some industries shut down during the revolution. Shortages in fuel have led to power outages, a growing concern for business and a source of frustration for citizens. More than 90% of Egypt's electricity comes from thermal plants, most of which burn gas and oil.
Egypt's energy shortages have become acute enough for the government to allow private companies to import and resell gas, while the government acts as a regulator to prevent monopolistic behaviour. Five companies are bidding to supply gas to Egas to feed power plants in the run-up to the summer months, when electricity consumption peaks due to heavy air conditioning usage.
Exploration to maintain production is an important facet of Egypt's energy policy. But given the long lead times involved and the rate of demand growth, imports are likely to become an ever more important part of the gas supply. In November, QInvest, a Qatari state investment fund, signed a deal with Egyptian private equity outfit Citadel Capital for the construction of an LNG storage facility and re-gasification unit on the Red Sea coast. Citadel Capital asserts that this could supply up to 10% of Egypt's gas needs. The large and growing Egyptian market should certainly appeal to Qatar, the world's largest LNG producer, which has growing economic interests in the North African country.
As one of its reasons for the deal, Citadel Capital cited its expectation that Egypt's complex and highly expensive subsidy regime would be reformed. Aside from the fact that subsidies are a large burden on the national coffers, they distort incentives and lead to inefficient fuel consumption. After the slowdown, Egypt is now moving to secure new gas supplies, but addressing these issues could prove more troublesome.
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March 2007 Archives
Bay Area Blawger Get-Togetherish Thing
By hb on March 30, 2007 8:46 AM | 3 Comments
On Wednesday night I attended a gathering of Bay Area blawgers hosted by the High Tech Law Institute at Santa Clara University and organized by Professor Eric Goldman, the institute's director. The event was designed as half discussion and half meet-and-greet, though unfortunately I had to leave early to catch a train and therefore missed most of the socializing. The discussion, however, was very interesting. It proceeded as a round-table discussion about the nature of legal blogging and the various unique issues faced by attorneys who blog. As can be expected when you get 45 law-types into a room together, the discussion was dominated by a handful of people, but there were comments from a large number of attendees. My participation was limited to one or two wisecracks and a few funny/boring stories.
In light of the fact that almost everyone there was representing a blog, a large part of the experience was observing the different types of legal blogs, and what different blawgers hope to gain from the practice of blawging. There were a few people whose blawgs were practically a fulltime job, or at least a significant portion of their professional life. In my case, of course, I do everything I can to keep the blog separate from my job, and never (as far as I can tell) blog about things I'm working on or have worked on. This is due in part to the way this blog evolved -- it began as a supplement to the comic strip but quickly became the main focus of my online identity, but all the while retained a very personal nature. Once I graduated from law school and could no longer blog about the law student experience I made an effort to increase the frequency of posts dealing with legal issues, but these have always been interspersed with personal anecdotes and silly pictures of my cats.
To be sure, there's a part of me that fantasizes about becoming the next Dahlia Lithwick, so in a sense I'd like to cut my teeth as a legit legal writer by turning this thing into a more fully developed and formidable legal blog. This may or may not happen, particularly in light of the self-censorship that legal bloggers of all sorts seem to be stuck with. Despite the fact that I've tried valiantly to anonymize this blog (though, frustratingly, if you Google my name this is the first thing that comes up), I'm always careful never to blog about anything that might relate to a case I'm working on or may work on in the future, whether it's my views on a particular legal issue or a comment that might be viewed as critical of a particular party.
The issue of self-censorship came up at Wednesday's event, and the discussion was very interesting. The group generally acknowledged the need to self-censor in certain respects but also discussed the effect that this has on a blogger's credibility, a conflict that many of us found very troubling. This brought up the issue of whether blogging anonymously is the answer to self-censorship. In response to this question, there were two great points: (1) Blogging anonymously may also affect your credibility, since you're not taking ownership of the things you say, and (2) If you keep an anonymous blog and then blog willy-nilly, you run the risk of your identity being eventually discovered, which might be a worse scenario than identifying yourself at the outset and watching what you say.
Other topics of interest were what voice you choose to blog in (my propensity for pottymouthery and my unhealthy fascination with exotic dancing probably aren't exactly professional assets), the organic development of blogging etiquette, and (just as I was leaving) the possible legal pitfalls of running a blog. This latter topic was particularly revealing, addressing things like people posting copyrighted or defamatory content in the comments section (please don't do those things, by the way).
All in all I greatly enjoyed the event, my only complaint being that I didn't get more of a chance to socialize with my fellow nerds. Although a highlight for me occurred before the discussion, when Boalt Professor John Steele recognized me not only as a Boaltie but as the school's erstwhile cartoonist.
Massapequa Massapequa Park
By hb on March 28, 2007 11:06 AM | 5 Comments
I just got back from New York, where I attended the wake and funeral for my grandmother who, at age 90, died in her sleep. Not much more you could ask for out of life, I say. It was an opportunity to see my mother's extended family, which is a very rare occurrence for me. I'm one of only two (out of fourteen) cousins who doesn't live on Long Island. In fact, due to my stubborn insistence on living in the state where I grew up* and my disinclination to spend time on the other coast, this weekend marked the first time in twenty years that all fourteen cousins were in the same place.
Most of my mother's extended family, in fact, lives in Massapequa or the surrounding area. According to my brother there are actually five cities (or "villages" or whatever) on Long Island that have the word "Massapequa" in their name, and the people of Nassau County take these divisions very seriously. For example, on Saturday, my brother and I were trying to find the funeral home, which we had been told by our uncle was on a particular street two blocks north of another street, and bore the name "Massapequa Funeral Home." When we got onto the street on which the funeral home was supposedly located, we drove two blocks and saw nothing but drug stores, coffee shops, and other such commercial, non-death-related establishments.
My brother then poked his head out the car window and had the following conversation with a guy on the sidewalk:
My brother: Do you know where Massapequa Funeral Home is?
Guy: [Incredulously.] Massapequa? This is Massapequa Park. What you need to do is make a left here and drive down past the reserve. You're probably looking for the place on Broadway.
My brother: Okay, so there's no funeral home on this street?
Guy: Oh yeah, it's right there. [Points to a funeral home not fifty feet away from us.] But this is Massapequa Park.
My brother: Okay, thanks. [Drives fifty feet to funeral home, which has a large sign out front that says "Massapequa Funeral Home."]
My theory is that people on the East Coast like to give directions because they like the feeling that they know more than the person they're talking to, and it's an added bonus when they can actually point out a mistake that the person seeking directions has made. This guy just reached a little too far.
* The New York-centricism of my mother's family is so strong that one of my relatives actually asked me whether I considered myself more of a Californian than a New Yorker, whereupon I explained to him that I have never, in fact, lived in New York. I believe I had to make this clarification at least twice, possibly three times over the course of the trip.
Teenagerism Boiled Down to its Essence
By hb on March 18, 2007 2:28 PM | 8 Comments
While studying for her licensing exam, Dr. M just came across this passage in one of her books, which she plans on showing to our own brats eighteen years from now. We're both disturbed by the idea that all of our teenage angst was predictable and useless, and deconstructed nearly a hundred years ago:
"Adolescents, with their new powers of abstract reasoning, often spend time constructing grand religious, ethical, and philosophical theories. Because adolescents have limited life experience, these theories are often unsophisticated and naive. In fact, according to Piaget, adolescents are prone to formal operational egocentrism, or a rigid insistence that the world can become a better place through implementation of their idealistic schemes."
Formal operational egocentrism. So that's what that's called.
Give It Away Now
Is anyone else getting a sense of desperation from the Lost powers that be? Here is this week's jabberjaw.
Last night's episode was teased as revealing some major connection between two characters. Most viewers likely anticipated that they would finally reveal that Jack and Claire are half-a-siblings, something that just about everyone has been speculating about since Season One. Really, this was probably the least satisfying "shocker" of the series. Everyone thought Jack's dad was Claire's father, so when it turned out to be true, it was a huge "Yeah, and...?" moment. They didn't even add any sort of bizarre twist to it. Very disappointing.
Next week's episode promises to reveal how Locke ended up in the wheelchair. I anticipate that it will be dramatic and meaningful, but this pre-emptive reveal essentially removes all the suspense from the episode. Up until now, every Locke-flashback episode has had the additional tension of "Will Locke become a paraplegic in this episode?" See, e.g., "Will Locke get shot by the con men, or perhaps get hit by a car as he chases after Peggy Bundy?"; "Will Locke get shot by the undercover sheriff's deputy?" But now, we know that Locke-of-the-past ain't gonna be walking by 11:00 p.m. next Wednesday. It's a really dumb way to tease the episode, especially when they could have teased it just as effectively by simply creating the possibility of explaining how Locke became wheelchair bound.
The theme of the previews during the latter portion of this season has been specific, concrete promises that, as I said, give the impression of a network desperate to get people to tune in the following week. If the episodes themselves were compelling enough, this cheap baiting wouldn't be necessary. And it makes me feel like a chump for watching the show, like I'm a mule following a carrot on a stick (or a polar bear pressing the right sequence of buttons and switches to get a fish biscuit). To be sure, viewers of serial mystery-based shows are undeniably carrot-chasing mules, but the networks don't have to call attention to that fact.
In conclusion, Lost is increasingly dumb. But there were some good things in last night's episode and I'm going to grudgingly keep watching. At least until the end of this season.
Madcap Sorority Hijinks II
It seems the beleaguered Depauw Chapter of the Delta Zeta sorority, which made headlines last month for tossing out the riffraff, has itself been tossed off the campus. Way to go, Dr. Bottoms!
Be sure to check out the Delta Zeta website for their side of the story. The short version is "Deny. Deny. Deny."
The Constitutional Strike Zone, Take Two
In a stunning display of editorial efficiency, I wrote a more sober version of my previous sarcastic post, submitted it to Slate this morning, and received a rejection within thirty-two minutes. I now set it forth forthwith.
The Constitution is Not a Strike Zone
As Supreme Court Justices travel the country ingratiating themselves to the American public, it's only natural that they would turn to baseball, to help them along the way. During a visit to Tampa Bay last week, Justice Samuel Alito -- the Court's newest member -- did just that. Not only did Alito throw out the first pitch at a Yankee-Devil Ray game, but he later gave a speech littered with baseball imagery. Of particular note was his comment on whether he believed in a "living Constitution," the notion that the Constitution evolves over time as society changes. On this subject, the freshman justice quipped: "Umpires face this very same problem. For example, do we want a living strike zone?"
In addition to carrying forward his baseball activities from the day before, Alito was echoing a sentiment previously expressed by Chief Justice John Roberts. Roberts, during his Senate confirmation hearings, famously compared the proper role of a judge to that of an umpire, stating that "Judges are like umpires. Umpires don't make the rules, they apply them." He also stated that the job of the umpire is to "call balls and strikes and not to pitch or bat."
Roberts' baseball analogy scored him major PR points and has since become a constant refrain as commentators assess his performance as Chief Justice. However, the analogy, while quaint, doesn't withstand much scrutiny. As Senator Joe Biden quickly pointed out during those same hearings, there are many instances where Supreme Court Justices, unlike umpires, "get to determine the strike zone." Biden astutely divided the role of a judge into two functions -- interpretation of the law and application of the law. Unlike the rules of baseball, which are clearly defined, the Constitution has terms like "cruel and unusual," "due process" and "unreasonable" that must be interpreted before a call can be made. Roberts' analogy glossed over the interpretative function, which has been the hallmark of the Supreme Court's role for most of its history.
The reason that Biden wasn't able to derail Roberts' baseball metaphor -- apart from the fact that the media loves a good metaphor -- is that Roberts wasn't using baseball in a doctrinal sense. Roberts' statement that a judge's job is to "call balls and strikes" had nothing to do with how those calls are made. Rather, Roberts was emphasizing, in a colloquial way, the notion that judges make decisions, not law. Biden's nitpicking about interpretation and application, while correct, was off topic.
Unfortunately, this wasn't the case with Alito's follow-up. When Alito ham-handedly tried to apply the baseball metaphor directly to constitutional interpretation, he struck out. In rejecting the notion of a living constitution by comparing it to the absurdity of a living strike zone, Alito appeared to be defending "originalism," the doctrinal adversary of the living Constitution, which states that the provisions of the Constitution should be given the meaning that would have been given to them at the time they were drafted. Here, Biden's criticism becomes significant. Alito can't use a metaphor that skips over interpretation to rationlize a theory of constitutional interpretation.
And originalism does offer its own variety of possible interpretations. For example, Justice Hugo Black, one of the Court's great liberals, was a fierce originalist, and yet today originalism is almost the exclusive province of judicial conservatives. Likewise, today's originalists have varying responses when challenged to come up with an originalist justification for Brown v. Board of Education, considering the fact that the same Congress that passed the Fourteenth Amendment also passed segregation laws. To the extent that Alito thinks the strike zone metaphor is appropriate because the Constitution, like the strike zone, is subject to only one interpretation, he's ignoring the dissonance among his own allies.
The other problem with Alito's remark, and one that takes it further away from Roberts' comment, is its underlying arrogance. Part of Roberts' charm during his confirmation hearings was his seemingly geniune humility. As the nominee for the most powerful judgeship in the country, and by all accounts the most qualified nominee for that position in quite some time, Roberts downplayed his own significance by promoting a limited role for the Court. Whatever Robert's personal agenda was, it would be muted by his overall commitment to judicial restraint. Roberts appears to be making good on his promise, fostering unanimity by deciding cases on limited grounds.
Alito, on the other hand, boldly proclaimed that his view of the Constitution is the simplest, the most logical, the most straightforward, and the most "American" by backing it up with baseball. But all Alito was really doing with this empty metaphor was supporting his own philosophy by labelling the opposition as absurd. Indeed, Alito's comment was uncomfortably reminiscent of the infamous speech in which Justice Antonin Scalia described the living Constitution idea as "idiotic." These types of attacks, in addition to being entirely unconvincing, undermine Roberts' own desire to preserve the Court's crediblity as an institution.
Of course, the biggest problem with Alito's strike zone analogy may be that it doesn't even comport with his own views. In a sense, the strike zone is a living thing. It's defined in part by the height of the batter, and is therefore different for each player. The strike zone easily adapts to each new situation and produces consistent results. This is a view of the Constitution that originalists would find appalling.
The Constitution is Exactly Like a Strike Zone
It seems that Justice Alito agrees with Chief Justice Roberts that Supreme Court Justices are exactly like umpires, and the Constitution is exactly like a strike zone. This may sound overly simplistic, but the two newest members of the Supreme Court are right. Let us compare the strike zone to the Constitution, and the similarities will become crystal clear.
The strike zone is a conceptual rectangular area defined by four concrete, identifiable points in space. The Constitution is a legal document defined by words, many of which were written hundreds of years ago. Like points in space, words are not subject to interpretation, and it is impossible for reasonable minds to differ as to what they mean.
Like the Constitution, the strike zone is relatively easy to implement. This is why professional umpires require only five weeks of training before they can start calling balls and strikes. Similarly, practically anyone can become a federal judge after three short years in law school, just a few decades of grueling legal practice, and a perfunctory nomination and confirmation process involving only two out of three branches of the federal government.
Because the strike zone is so straightforward, there is very little debate about it among the baseball community. Everyone basically agrees that, if a pitch is within the clearly defined strike zone, it's a strike, and otherwise it's a ball. Similarly, hardly anyone has anything to say about the Constitution. Everyone is basically on the same page (no pun intended) as to what the Constitution provides for and requires, and anyone who disagrees with the nation's practically unanimous originalist majority is an idiot.
Finally, Chief Justice Roberts was correct that people don't go to baseball games to watch the umpire. It follows a fortiori that very few people would be interested in seeing a speech given by an umpire, let alone a prime time network television special devoted entirely to an umpire. This is why Supreme Court Justices hardly ever give speeches or go on TV. It's because nobody's interested in what they have to say, because their job is so simple and unremarkable.
So you see, when Supreme Court Justices downplay the importance of a vibrant federal judiciary by comparing themselves to officials in a ballgame, it only sounds like total crap. It's really a perfectly sound approach to the role of judges which is in no way a mask for a maniacal conservative agenda.
The Wrong Man
By hb on March 9, 2007 11:48 AM | 2 Comments
My email address is [my last name]@gmail.com. Since my last name is a not terribly uncommon Irish name, every now and then I'll get emails intended for other people with my name, who are not me, and to whom I may or may not be related. This is sort of like when I was in college and my phone number was very similar to the number for the local Catholic Church, and every now and then I'd get calls asking for the mass schedule or asking if I would administer last rites to a dying relative.*
In the past year or so I've received an e-Christmas card, a confirmation for a gynecological appointment, and an email from a nun wishing someone named Kelly the best of luck as she began a new chapter in her life as a Catholic schoolteacher. These weren't very exciting.
But, this morning I checked my email to find what appeared to be an invitation to go to the zoo this Saturday. The tentative itinerary included a bird show, a seal show, and elephants from Thailand. Needless to say, I was extremely disappointed when I realized that the zoo invitation was not for me, and even more disappointed when it turned out that the zoo in question is in Australia. I wrote back, expressing my regret at not being able to see the animals, because I'm the sort of fellow who does that sort of thing (sending substantive emails to strangers, not looking at animals). I'm now wondering what electronic misadventures my not-uncommon last name will bring forth next.
* Yes, this really happened, and yes, it totally ruined my day.
Three Reactions to Last Night's Episode of Lost
By hb on March 8, 2007 8:42 AM | 10 Comments
1. Locke is increasingly proving himself to be the Gilligan of the Island.
2. Communication is very important when three people are securing a very small farmhouse. If two of them find massive amounts of high-powered explosives in the basement, they should find an appropriate time to inform the third person as soon as possible, even if intervening events must be given center stage.
3. Sun doesn't seem to be affected at all by the fact that she killed someone a few days ago. It's not everyone who can go so quickly from shooting a woman in self-defense to finding creative ways to mess with people in the context of an all-or-nothing ping pong match. That woman is a cold-blooded killa, straight up.
2007 Superbowl FCC Complaints
By hb on March 6, 2007 9:32 PM | 2 Comments
On a subject near and dear to my heart, the kind fellows at The Smoking Gun have posted a smattering of complaints to the FCC arising from Super Bowl XLI. The complaints all focus either on Prince's silhouetted guitar-as-penis routine and/or the Snickers commercial where the two guys accidentally kiss. Here are some choice quotes:
"CBS Sports producers knew, that when the former penist [sic] named Prince brought out that guitar it wasn't going to be good." [What in God's name is a "penist"? And why is Prince no longer a penist? If she's complaining about Prince pretending he has a giant penis, isn't he still a penist?]
"One of [my children] has hoped to be a quarterback and now he will turn out gay. I am actually considering to check him for HIV. Thanks CBS for turning my son GAY." [The TV turned his children gay AND gave them HIV! Also, global warming does not exist.]
"This image only made him look extremely large which made the rest of us feel small, and unable to perform this evening." [This one just may be serious, folks.]
"I didn't turn on the superbowl expecting to be tricked into watching gay sex!" [Those tricksy gayses!]
This one is interesting only because the complainer appears to know the vocabulary of First Amendment law, even if s/he doesn't know what the words actually mean.
A lot of these complaints are poorly written and make no sense, but in defense of the complainers, it's hard to put together a compelling indecency argument when you don't have the Parents Television Council writing form letters for you.
You Think You're Talented
And then you discover the manualist. A manualist, I have just discovered, is someone who plays songs by making rude noises with his or her hands. And this guy is particularly good at it.
Witch Doctor seems to be the biggest crowd pleaser, though Bohemian Rhapsody is also quite impressive. And for those of you with more discriminating sensibilities, there's Joy. You'll never look at weddings the same way.
I always thought that my ability to make noises with my hands, knees, and ears (yes, ears) was impressive, but I can't alter the pitch in any meaningful way, so I feel woefully inadequate.
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Cisco Seeking to Sell NDS Digital Video Content Business?
Cisco Systems wants to sell NDS Group Ltd., a video software & content delivery platform for service providers, according to Bloomberg. Will anyone buy NDS?
by Joe Panettieri • Oct 31, 2017
Cisco Systems is seeking to sell NDS Group Ltd., a video software and content delivery platform for service providers, according to Bloomberg. Cisco acquired NDS for $5 billion in 2012, claiming the platform would enable "service providers and media companies to securely deliver and monetize new video entertainment experiences."
NDS has had big-name customers over the years — including DirectTV. But the buyout apparently didn't live up to Cisco's ambitions.
Among the potential reasons: In recent years, the world has increasingly shifted from traditional cable and telco service providers toward on-demand video content specialists like NetFlix. Amid that reality, Cisco sold its Scientific Atlanta set top business in 2015 for $600 million — far less than the $6.9 billion Cisco paid for that business in 2005.
Now, NDS could also be on the block. According to the Bloomberg report:
"Cisco Systems Inc. is seeking a buyer for its video-software unit, according to people familiar with the process, part of an effort to sharpen focus on the fast-changing network-infrastructure business."
Cisco did not comment for that report, which surfaces just as Cisco Partner Summit 2017 kicks off in Dallas. ChannelE2E has not independently confirmed the story.
Cisco's Evolving Service Provider Strategy
No doubt, Cisco remains committed to service providers — as the recent BroadSoft acquisition affirms. But the company has largely backed away from an earlier effort to extend from data centers to living rooms and consumer devices.
The consumer-oriented failures under former CEO John Chambers included included a Umi video conferencing system (discontinued), the Flip video camera (discontinued), Linksys home WiFi (sold off), wireless home audio systems and more.
Chuck Robbins succeeded Chambers as CEO In 2015, and Robbins has spent recent years pushing the company toward growth-oriented markets.
Stay tuned for more updates from Cisco Partner Summit 2017 in Dallas.
All Cisco Partner Summit News and Analysis


The dream Chelsea XI including Thomas Muller – Agreed? | The Transfer Tavern | Where football transfer rumours fly or die!
The dream Chelsea XI including Thomas Muller – Agreed?
In reality, Chelsea's point against London rivals Tottenham on Sunday didn't really get the Blues anywhere fast with the team still down in 14th place.
That said, Jose Mourinho claimed it was the Blues' best performance of the season so far and in the last few weeks, we've seen Chelsea at least manage to shake the losing habit with victories, albeit expected, against both Norwich City at home and Maccabi Tel Aviv away.
Mourinho has already alluded to the fact that he won't ask Roman Abramovich for any new signings in the January transfer window with the Portuguese intent on turning around the club's fortunes with the current crop he already has at his disposal.
While that may well prove the case for the team from West London, this won't stop the transfer rumours from rearing their head and according to The Guardian, Chelsea are intent on beating Manchester United to the summer signing of Bayern Munich's Thomas Muller.
While Muller could of course spend his entire career with the Bavarian giants while becoming even more of a club legend than he already is, we've seen the likes of Bastian Schweinsteiger recently test himself elsewhere and everybody in the tavern is sure Muller could do a fine job for whichever new club he could potentially join.
But today we're romanticising over the thought of Muller spearheading the Blues' attack while Diego Costa continues to spit his dummy out over his terrible season so far.
That's why we've metaphorically included Muller in our best Blues XI gallery here!
Click on the image below to reveal the dream Chelsea XI including Thomas Muller.


text:
who made the ikitsuki bridge
Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login).
The Ikitsuki Bridge is a continuous truss bridge that connects Ikitsuki to Hirado Island. It was an easy build with a couple of injuries along the way. Truss bridges have been used in military operations, particularly where riverbanks are steep or navigation must be kept open. Trusses are popular for bridge building because they use a relatively small amount of material for the amount of weight they can support. Omissions? [2]. The clearance below is 196 feet. Our editors will review what you've submitted and determine whether to revise the article. A single-span truss bridge, with forces of tension represented by red lines and forces of compression by green lines. Numerous Town and Burr designs remained standing throughout North America into the early 21st century, some dating back to the early 19th century. Ikitsuki Bridge is a road bridge, through truss bridge, continuous truss bridge and steel bridge that was built from 1983 until 1991. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/technology/truss-bridge, History of Bridges - Truss Bridge - Types, History, Facts and Design. Updates? The sloping and vertical pieces connecting the chords are collectively referred to as the web of the truss.
The component parts of a truss bridge are stressed primarily in axial tension or compression. The Kappel Bridge (1333) of Luzern has been decorated since 1599 with 112 paintings in the triangular spaces between the roof and the crossbeams, depicting the history of the town and the lives of its two patron saints. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox.
Advantages Astoria-Megler Bridge The bridge is located in Astoria, Oregon. There is no evidence of truss bridges in the ancient world, but the 13th-century sketchbook of the French architect Villard de Honnecourt depicts a species of truss bridge, and the Italian Andrea Palladio's "Treatise on Architecture" (1570) describes four designs. Ikitsuki Bridge, photographed in 2007 (ID 251383) Do you have additional data or would like to see a correction made to this page? The Astoria Bridge (1966), spanning the mouth of the Columbia River between the states of Oregon and Washington in the United States, consists of three spans reaching a total length of 6,545 metres (21,474 feet) and including a main span of 376 metres (1,232 fee); it is the second longest continuous-truss bridge. He and his brother also built a notable arch-truss bridge over the Limmat River in Baden with a clear span of 61 metres (200 feet). From simple king-post trusses, in which the roadway was supported by a pair of heavy timber triangles, American carpenters in the 18th and 19th centuries developed bridges combining simplicity of construction with their other economic advantages. Engineer William Adair Bugge designed the bridge, which is jointly owned and operated by the Oregon and Washington departments of transportation. Tennessee Department of Transportation - What is a Truss Bridge. A New Haven architect named Ithiel Town patented the Town lattice, in which a number of relatively light pieces, diagonally crisscrossed, took the place of the heavy timbers of Palmer's design and of the arch. In 1755 a Swiss builder, Hans Grubenmann, used trusses to support a covered timber bridge with spans of 51 and 58 metres (171 and 193 feet) over the Rhine at…, Although trusses are used mostly as secondary elements in arch, suspension, or cantilever designs, several important simply supported truss bridges have achieved significant length. The Astoria Bridge (1966) over the Columbia River in Oregon, U.S., is a continuous three-span steel truss with a…, …Column show the timber lattice truss bridges used by Roman armies to cross the Danube. Three common types of truss bridges and an example of a cantilever bridge. Beam Bridges. The Neet Covered Bridge in Parke county, Indiana. Early trusses were built without precise knowledge of how the loads are carried by each part of the truss. Given that a triangle cannot be distorted by stress, a truss gives a stable form capable of supporting considerable external loads over a large span. The individual pieces of a truss bridge intersect at truss joints, or panel points. Announcing our NEW encyclopedia for Kids! With the increasing importance of locomotive transportation in the 19th century, iron was adopted for covered bridges to carry the heavy loadings of the railroad. The Ikitsuki Bridge is a continuous truss bridge that connects Ikitsuki to Hirado Island. [1] It is the longest continuous truss bridge in the world. In North America the covered truss bridges underwent further evolution. The two systems most commonly used are the Pratt and the Warren; in the former the sloping web members are parallel to each other, while in the latter they alternate in direction of slope.
Bending leads to compression, in the top chords (or horizontal members), tension in the bottom chords, and either tension or compression in the vertical and diagonal members, depending on their orientation. Other articles where Ikitsuki Bridge is discussed: truss bridge: History and uses: …in the world is the Ikitsuki Bridge (1991) in Japan, with a main span of 400 metres (1,300 feet). Another highly successful type was designed by Theodore Burr, of Torrington, Connecticut, combining a Palladio truss with an arch. Completed in 1991, it has a main span of 400 meters (1,300 feet). The best example of a beam bridge is one you will see on a country walk consisting … Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Moyie River Canyon Bridge (1964), a steel truss bridge in northern Idaho. This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic license. The length is 21,474. The first long covered bridge in America, with a 55-metre (180-foot) centre span, was built by Timothy Palmer, a Massachusetts millwright, over the Schuylkill River at Philadelphia in 1806. Get exclusive access to content from our 1768 First Edition with your subscription. The Astoria Bridge (1966), spanning the mouth of the Columbia River between the states of Oregon and Washington in the United States, consists of three spans reaching a total length of…. Astoria Bridge over the Columbia River, Oregon. The longest continuous-truss bridge in the world is the Ikitsuki Bridge (1991) in Japan, with a main span of 400 metres (1,300 feet). It is a 47 year old bridge. Steel truss bridges have also been built as part of highway systems around the world. Truss bridge, bridge with its load-bearing structures composed of a series of wooden or metal triangles, known as trusses. Previously, the only option to travel off Ikitsuki was by ferry to various ports in Kyūshū.
Such military truss bridges were pioneered in World War II by the highly successful British-invented Bailey bridge, which played an especially important role in the Allied campaign in Italy. In 1755 a Swiss builder, Hans Grubenmann, used trusses... Trusses supporting Auckland Harbour Bridge, New Zealand. Cast iron and wrought iron were soon replaced by steel, and a principal form of the modern railroad bridge rapidly evolved. Announcing our NEW encyclopedia for Kids! The bridge allows automobile access from Ikitsuki to Hirado and the rest of Japan. : You are free: to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work; to remix – to adapt the work; Under the following conditions: attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. The connected pieces forming the top and bottom of the truss are referred to respectively as the top and bottom chords. The truss, a hollowed-out beam with the forces concentrated in a triangulated network of linear members, was apparently a Roman invention. …in the world is the Ikitsuki Bridge (1991) in Japan, with a main span of 400 metres (1,300 feet). In … They commonly are used in covered bridges, railroad bridges, and military bridges. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ikitsuki-Bridge. In 1755 a Swiss builder, Hans Grubenmann, used trusses to support a covered timber bridge with spans of 51 and 58 metres (171 and 193 feet) over the Rhine at Schaffhausen.
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who made the ikitsuki bridge 2020


Set contains approximately 140 tufts.
Wild "sized" tufts are tufts in a wide variety of shapes and sizes. Colours may vary to those viewed on a computer screen. Stones are not included.
Miniatures and Glue sold separately.


Summary: when trying to build the mocl source ( last commit: 3391fd087b8cb815315c1a9fcf9fc532dd3ef2d9 ) the following error is encountered: $ make mocl touch src/compiler/clcdef.lisp mkdir -p bin buildapp --load-system mocl --asdf-path ~/mocl/systems/ --entry mocl::main --output ./bin/mocl ;; loading system "mocl" Fatal SIMPLE-FILE-ERROR: error opening #P"/Users/masukomi/.mocluser/lisp.def": No such file or directory Steps to Reproduce: setup ~/mocl/systems/ with the following buildapp.asd	md5.asd	mocl.asd	wu-sugar.asd configure ~/.moclconfig with (:MOCL-ROOT-DIRECTORY "/Users/masukomi/workspace/mocl-source/" :ASDF-REGISTRY "/Users/masukomi/mocl/systems/") ~/.mocluser is empty. I *think* this was autogenerated by something. run "make mocl" Expected Results: no errors Actual Results: errors Notes: I'm thinking there's some missing instructions about this ~/.mocluser/lisp.def file and what it is supposed to contain. I also see mention of sys.def and wonder if that might have to be set up somewhere too. It should also be noted that I had to tweak the build script to add the "--asdf-path ~/mocl/systems/" option because, while sbcl seems to have that directory in asdf:*central-registry* (via configuration in .sbclrc) buildapp doesn't seem to get that info. I'm sure this is just my ignorance, but in case it affects anything I figured I should note it.
Please try running "make runtime" before "make mocl". The README file included with the mocl source attempts to explain this. Let me know if that helps.
That did it. Sorry. This was at the end of a long line of other problems (my ignorance not mocl's fault). Didn't think to go back and rerun "make" or "make runtime". Thanks.


Although it is obvious to any parent, it should always be remembered that if your child has been injured in any form of accident, his or her health and safety and is much more important than any potential accident compensation claim. If the child has been seriously hurt in an accident, an ambulance (together with the Gardai if appropriate) should be called immediately.
It is essential that you report to the casualty department of the nearest hospital, or at the very least make an emergency appointment with your general practitioner, should your child be injured in an accident. In the case of a road traffic accident, even if you feel that the injuries are not particularly serious, it is still highly advisable that you take your child to see a doctor as soon as possible. Even if you do not plan to make a compensation claim for the accident, you will still have the peace of mind – both that you child has received appropriate care but also that you have the medical evidence necessary to make a claim in the future.
Your child's attendance at hospital or with your local doctor will be recorded in his or her medical records that will be essential as evidence to support any compensation claim. You should therefore assist your child in ensuring that all injuries and related problems are recorded accurately.
It is advisable that you contact a solicitor as soon as possible after you have addressed the immediate medical concerns following your child´s accident. It is highly advantageous to start building a case as early as possible as it will make the solicitor's work of gathering evidence, including witness statements, easier because people's memories of the incident will still be fresh. The procedure for a compensation claim by a minor is that proceedings are in fact issued in the name of his or her parent or guardian who acts as his or her 'next friend'.
Unfortunately, it is very often the case (particularly with regard to road traffic accidents) that a parent and child are hurt in the same accident. As one would expect, the two cases, which are strictly speaking separate claims, will often be dealt with in tandem by your solicitor and the defendant's insurers.
It should also be noted that all child accident compensation claims must be approved in court by a judge – so unlike certain types of minor compensation claims, you must have always use the services of a legal team.
A solicitor is required for all child accident claims because a judge must review the details of the case in court and approve the settlement. The courts are used in Ireland to ensure that the rights of the child are fully protected.
You should also note that depending on the type of child accident claim, it is probably that the claim will probably have to be submitted first to the Injuries Board and then even if you accept the Injuries Board assessment, you still must have the settlement approved in court. Your solicitor will in any case advise you if the settlement offer by the Injuries Board is acceptable.
Irish law affords extra time for a minor victim (i.e. a child) to pursue an injury compensation claim. Under the Statute of Limitations in Ireland, which normally limits the plaintiff's right to claim to two years after 'the date of knowledge' of the injury, allowance is made so that in the case of a minor the date of knowledge of the injury is in fact the minor victim's eighteenth birthday. This means that time does not begin to run out until the infant reaches his or her majority (eighteen years of age).
Under current Irish law, therefore, your child has has two years after his or her eighteenth birthday within which to issue proceedings in court. However, it is almost always better to start proceeding as soon as possible, whatever the age of the child.
Your child´s health and safety is more important than any child accident claims and you should seek urgent medical attention whenever your child has been involved in an accident.
Thereafter, speak with a solicitor as child accident claims follow a different process than those for adults.
You will have to represent your child in any child accident claims for personal injury compensation acting as their "next friend".
Applications for child accident claims are usually submitted to the Injuries Board Ireland for assessment and then have to be approved by court before payment can be made.
You will need a solicitor to represent you in court, but it is far better with child accident claims to have one involved from the very beginning.
It is important to note that each case is unique. If your child has been involved in an accident resulting from the negligence of another and you feel that he or she may have a potential child accident claim, you are advised to discuss all of the points raised in the above article with a solicitor at the earliest opportunity.