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Adnan al-Dulaimi (, 1932 – 3 May 2017) was a Sunni Iraqi politician who became prominent following the US invasion of Iraq in 2003 and the fall of the regime of Saddam Hussein. He and his supporters largely focused on two issues: ending the US occupation of Iraq; and strengthening and protecting the position of the country's Sunni-Arab minority at a time when the country's majority Shiite-Arabs have been in the political ascendancy.

Personal background
At the time of the invasion, he was an Islamic studies professor at Baghdad University, but soon after the fall of Saddam Hussein he became head of the Sunni Endowment, or Waqf, a quasi-government agency charged with overseeing Sunni mosques and the distribution of some of their donations. The government removed him from that post in August 2005, drawing protests from a number of Sunni groups, among them the Association of Moslem Scholars, a federation of Sunni clerics that favors a Sunni-inflected version of Islamic law for Iraq.

Political affiliations
He is a leader of the General Council for the People of Iraq, a component of the Iraqi Accord Front (IAF) which won 44 seats in the December 2005 general election.
He has been a leading Sunni Arab politician since the fall of Saddam Hussein and has often been at odds with the country's Shiite-led government, complaining that "our participation in this so-called national unity government is weak and marginalized and our ministers have no authority to serve Iraq or its people."

Political opponents, attacks, and legal troubles
He has been accused by political opponents of seeking to sow discord inside Iraq.

Dulaimi has survived multiple assassination attempts. A February 22, 2006 attack on his car killed one bodyguard and wounded five others. After the attack, Dulaimi called for restraint. "I don't accuse anyone. ... I consider it accidental, and I call on my brothers for self-restraint and to contain what happened because Iraq is bigger than Adnan and his guards," Dulaimi said.

In March 2007, the Central Investigating Court of Baghdad requested an investigation into Dulaimi and his sons, Makki and Munqidh, following complaints of forced displacement and sectarian killings in the Al-Adel district of western Baghdad which had been relayed by Sheikh Jalal al-Din Ali al-Saghir, a Shi'ite imam and member of the Council of Representatives from a neighbouring area. The Council of Representatives asked for Dulaimi's parliamentary immunity to be lifted.

In July 2007 he resigned as leader of the Iraqi Accord Front.

In November 2007, his son Makki and a number of Dulaimi's bodyguards were arrested after security forces found two car bombs near his office and his house in al-Adel neighborhood. Adnan al-Dulaimi was briefly put under house arrest. President of Iraq, Jalal Talabani sent a group of his personal guards peshmerga to protect al-Dulaimi.<ref name=VoI>Arresting al-Dulaimi's son aims to damage IAF-government relations - MP , Voices of Iraq, 2008-08-22, accessed on 2008-09-30</ref>

In August 2008 his son Al Muthanna was arrested and accused of involvement in terrorism and sectarian killings. Iraqi security forces said he was arrested while placing a bomb in the house of a displaced family in Western Baghdad. A warrant for his arrest was issued charging him with multiple killings and forcing people from their homes. An MP from Dulaimi's party said the arrests were aimed at damaging relations between the Iraqi Accord Front and the government of Nouri al-Maliki.

References

US 'breeding extremism' in Iraq
Iraqi leaders welcome reshuffle, tensions mount
Iraqi Leader and Top U.S. General Discuss Security
Leader of al-Qaida in Iraq mocks Bush
Sadrist Bloc to Pull Out of Maliki Government, IraqSlogger'', 2007-04-15, accessed on 2007-04-17

External links

1932 births
2017 deaths
Iraqi Sunni Muslims
Members of the Council of Representatives of Iraq
Iraqi Accord Front politicians


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What kind of bicycle do you ride in daily life?
I own some bikes, such as a cool road bike and two nice folding bikes. When I ride through the cycling path, I choose my road bike. When I travel, I often bring one of my folding bikes.
I have one more bike which is called Mamachari. "Mama" means mom and "Chari" means bicycle. Mamachari is not only for mothers but also all generations and men. Mamachari is most popular type of bicycle in Japan.
Even I have four bikes, I most often use my Mamchari. Mamachari was not invented in Japan, however it is eventually developed into Japanese unique bike.
Cycle Tokyo! receives many inquiries about cycling in Japan and bicycles. Some of inquiries are about Mamachari. "I live in outside of Japan and would like to buy Mamachari. Please let me know how can I get it?" This is a typical inquiry. This kind of question has reminded me that Mamachari is unique and attractive to foreign people. Let me introduce some characteristics of Mamachari.
I think the Mamachari's biggest strong point is its handiness in daily use.
Front basket: Mamachari has a large basket in front. You can put your luggage or / and groceries you bought into it.
Rear rack: When you buy a lot of stuff and front basket is full, you can put them on rear rack.
Top Tube: The bike has very low and bended top tube. You can easily get on and off it even if you wear a skirt.
Dynamo light: You don't need to worry about batteries.
Kickstand: You don't need to look for a bike rack or pole to park.
In addition to the above points, the price is affordable. Average cost is 20,000 yen which is less expensive than other type of bikes.
If you are interested in riding Mamachari during your trip in Tokyo, please try rental bikes.
There are many rental bike shops in Tokyo. "Mujirushi Ryouhin Yurakucho" is one of the good rental bike shops which we often use. They offer nice Mamachari at Yurakucho.
1 min walk frim JR "Yuraku-Cho" Sta. Kyobashi Exit.
This page contains a single entry from the blog posted on February 16, 2010 11:53 PM.
The previous post in this blog was Tokyo Marathon Traffic Regulations.
The next post in this blog is Sunday Cycling in The Center of Tokyo.


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Month in Review: October '18
Posted on November 1, 2018 by Tom
October is a tough month to survive if you aren't as into horror as others are, and if you don't necessarily make your blogging bread-and-butter out of talking about scary movies. As long time readers of this award-winning blog (I'm not bullshitting you — I got a Liebster Award, ya'll!) are aware, I have slowly but surely been gaining an appreciation for the genre over these years, in part thanks to a number of great sources whose awareness of what's actually out there has inspired me to do some digging myself. In the years since doing this, my definition of horror and what's "scary" has evolved, and I really like that.
With that said, I don't think I produced one single horror review this past month. It wasn't like I planned this, or that I had no options (the resurrection of Michael Myers and Laurie Strode in David Gordon Green's Halloween: The Great Retcon, or can I interest you in a new Jeremy Saulnier picture in Hold the Dark?) Man, I really messed this thing up this month, didn't I? I think the scariest thing that happened was the backlash following Damien Chazelle's First Man, a movie about astronaut Neil Armstrong and his successful Moon landing. The number of ignorant comments I read regarding that movie was truly frightening. It's one thing to not like the way the film was made — in fact that's understandable — but it's quite another to dismiss First Man as a work of fiction or the omission of the flag planting symbolic of "typically Hollywood revisionist history."
With that off my chest, it's time now to take a look back on what films I did review this month on Thomas J (plus two bonus blurbs on things I ran out of time on). Let's do it!
Beer of the Month: 21st Amendment's Back in Black IPA
New Releases: A Star is Born (2018); First Man; mid90s
Another Double-Header
Bad Times at the El Royale · October 12, 2018 · Directed by Drew Goddard · Boasting a talented and inspired ensemble cast and an atmosphere rich in foreboding, Drew Goddard's Agatha Christie throwback mystery-thriller, set at the titular El Royale — a once-happenin' travel destination set on the California/Nevada border now falling to the wayside — follows multiple perspectives as a group of guests become caught up in a fight for survival as slowly but surely each one's true identity becomes revealed. A film packed with fun performances, including Jeff Bridges as Father Flynn, Jon Hamm as a "vacuum cleaner salesman" and Chris Hemsworth as a cult leader with a Thor-like physique (but far less in the way of David Koresh-like credibility), Bad Times' true gem lies in Cynthia Erivo's Darlene Sweet. I flat-out loved that character. One of my favorites of the year, in fact. The central mystery keeps you engaged, even if you might sniff out who the survivors will be sooner than Goddard might have intended. (3.5/5)
The Sisters Brothers · October 19, 2018 · Directed by Jacques Audiard · A modern western that fails to draw you in in the way it really could have, the star-driven The Sisters Brothers is still worthy of your time. But with great star power comes great responsibility. With characters brought to life by the likes of John C. Reilly (as the elder Eli Sister), Joaquin Phoenix (as gin-soaked Charlie Sister), Jake Gyllenhaal (as John Morris) and Riz Ahmed (as gold prospector Hermann Kermit Warm — what a freakin' name!), it's a frustration that the film never builds enough energy and intrigue around the obviously committed performances. The story emphasizes character over traditional western shoot-'em-up action. Over the course of two REALLY LONG hours, the ideological divide between its leads takes center stage, with one Sister wanting out while the other brother is resolutely all about this life. Survival is dealt with in a more grisly manner than what many might expect, particularly of a movie that also bills itself as a comedy. Aside from a compellingly subversive ending, I think my biggest takeaway from The Sisters Brothers is that there is no substitute for good, honest, hard labor when it comes to looking for gold during the height of the Gold Rush. Chemistry has never seemed so . . . gross. (3/5)
ANYWAY. How was your Halloween?
This entry was posted in Month in Review, movie review, Other and tagged #astarisborn, #atmosphere, #badtimesattheelroyale, #beer, #biopic, #chrishemsworth, #clairefoy, #dakotajohnson, #damienchazelle, #davidgordongreen, #drama, #ensemblecast, #filmdebut, #firstman, #halloween, #jakegyllenhaal, #jeffbridges, #jeremysaulnier, #joaquinphoenix, #johncreilly, #jonahhill, #jonhamm, #mid90s, #monthinreview, #movieblogawards, #movieblogs, #movies2018, #mystery, #randomnews, #rizahmed, #ryangosling, #thesistersbrothers, #thriller, #westerns by Tom. Bookmark the permalink.
7 thoughts on "Month in Review: October '18"
Pingback: Widows | Thomas J
Mark Hobin on November 15, 2018 at 10:47 am said:
Looks like Bad Times at the El Royale was the better of the two.
Great post! I like this format where you summarize a couple movies together, I may have to start doing that too as I have several pictures I still need to fo writeups on.
Tom on November 21, 2018 at 2:04 pm said:
Hey thanks Mark, sorry for a very delayed reply here. I enjoy doing monthly roundups as well, I lose track often of some of the reviews I want to do so this gives me a chance to address those things. I might even do an end-of-year wrap-up this year (I don't think I did one the year previous) and collect a number of other, pretty big movies in that (like Hereditary — can't believe I never reviewed it). But I may hold off on returning to Infinity War. I think the world has had enough Avengers reviews by now haha
Keith on November 7, 2018 at 9:40 am said:
Man I still haven't seen The Sisters Brothers. Frustrated that my schedule bit me in the butt and I missed it locally. I did have a blast with El Royale though.
Tom on November 7, 2018 at 1:33 pm said:
Bad Times at the El Royale was really fun — I enjoyed the heck out of it. The Sisters Brothers by comparison left me disappointed. Oddly, it isn't at all a "bad" movie, not from a technical standpoint anyway, but the pacing was like molasses and the humor never really clicked for me. Dark comedy, sure, but even in that mode its barely there . . . Loved the ending, however. Ok, I'll be quiet now 😉
Eddie on November 5, 2018 at 10:30 pm said:
Man all that First Man stuff was crazy! its a shame so many bailed on seeing the film for such a lame reason.
Yeah, I became pretty exasperated by it but people are entitled to their opinions. (I don't know if I have ever admitted that so reluctantly though.)
It was amazing to me the film sparked such controversy. I really never saw that coming, or at least becoming such an issue it would actually affect the film's performance.

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Nail in the Coffin
Slack for Windows Phone sees its final update
Pour one out for Slack on Windows Phone.
Dan Thorp-Lancaster
It's time to say goodbye to the Slack app for Windows Phone. As of its most recent update, Slack has confirmed that it will no longer ship updates for Microsoft's slowly withering mobile platform.
In an update shipped out last week, Slack began alerting users to the change, stating (via Windows Latest):
This will be the last version of Slack for Windows Phone. It comes with improvements – like bug fixes and better file handling – and we hope it works for you, as long as you need it.
Thanks so much for your support and feedback, and for using Slack.
Slack for Windows Phone never left beta – it still carries the tag on the Microsoft Store – but the app was fairly active with bug fix updates over its lifetime. However, given the status of Microsoft's mobile efforts, it's not surprising to see Slack leaving the app to rot on the vine. A number of other high-profile apps have taken the same track in recent months.
As for the future, the Slack app will continue to be available on the Microsoft Store, it just won't receive any more bug fixes or improvements. Should nothing break, the app will continue to work as it currently does. However, any major change on Slack's end – or Microsoft's– could break the app at any time.
See at Microsoft Store
Send and Receive
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Molson Coors Celebrates Responsibility With Rides Home for the Holiday Season
Submitted by: Molson Coors Brewing Company
Categories: Health & Wellness, Corporate Social Responsibility
Posted: Dec 16, 2008 – 07:57 AM EST
Cheers to Having Holiday Fun and Making the Right Decisions
Dec. 16 /CSRwire/ - DENVER and MONTREAL, Dec. 16 /PRNewswire-FirstCall/ -- As the holiday season rapidly approaches, many look forward to festive parties, travel and the gathering together of family and friends. Molson Coors Brewing Company (NYSE: TAP; TSX) honors the vast majority of consumers who make safe and responsible choices as they enjoy all of the festivities and increased travel the holiday season brings.
Molson Coors supports programs that reinforce making good decisions about drinking throughout the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom during the holiday season.
"Alcohol responsibility is of particular importance during the holiday season when we are all celebrating," said Bart Alexander, vice president, global alcohol policy and corporate responsibility for Molson Coors. "Most people already know that part of celebration is making the right choices about sober rides home, offering food with drinks and non-alcoholic choices alongside alcoholic beverages. These are the kinds of good decisions that Molson Coors celebrates."
In Canada, the Molson Angels and a 'Taking You Home for the Holidays' campaign will remind people to get home safe during the holiday season. Building off of Molson's responsible drinking theme of "Here's to Responsible Choices," the programs raise awareness of services to help support safe travel for people who are on the move -- around the world, around the country, or simply heading home from the pub.
In Montreal and Quebec City, the Molson Angels -- a team of two Molson representatives dressed in white from head to toe -- will visit bars providing taxi vouchers to bar personnel. In addition, this year Molson celebrates their 10 year partnership anniversary with TAXIGUY, a nationwide network of over 20,000 taxis linked together through one toll-free phone number, to help reduce drinking and driving. The "one country...one number" campaign has resulted in more than 2.7 million rides home safely in the past decade.
This season, to help everyone in the country get home safely, Molson will be offering a 10 percent discount on TAXIGUY dollars through email distribution and http://www.taxiguy.com. Molson will also connect with consumers through an e-card, found at http://www.jollyjinglers.ca, which allows users to customize a message to a friend, family member or colleague reminding them of the importance of responsible drinking.
In the United States, MillerCoors will continue a long tradition of supporting programs in its "hometown" markets. In its 21st year of operation in Milwaukee and 15th year in Waukesha and Madison, Wisconsin, the MillerCoors Free Rides program will provide free New Year's Eve transportation on transit systems. Online and offline ads, through bus boards and web banner ads, will help get the word out about the program. It is supported by distribution partners, government officials, advocacy organizations and traffic safety administrators. Further information for consumers is available at http://www.millercoorsfreerides.com.
In Denver, MillerCoors is partnering with multiple organizations to ensure people get home safely. In a partnership with retail establishments, MillerCoors will provide cab vouchers for distribution to consumers on New Year's Eve. To help educate on voucher availability and provide an outlet to purchase additional vouchers, a web site, http://www.planaheadcolorado.com, developed through a partnership with the Colorado Department of Transportation, will map out establishments providing cab vouchers, along with overnight parking and partnering hotels.
Additionally, MillerCoors is partnering with The Regional Transportation District, RTD, to make RTD everyone's designated driver for New Year's Eve. RTD buses, light rail and call-n-Rides, along with access-a-Ride and skyRide with service to Denver International Airport, will provide free service from 7 p.m. on December 31, 2008 to 6 a.m. on January 1, 2009.
In the United Kingdom, Coors Brewers provides tips for responsible drinking on their website at http://www.coorsbrewers.com/seriousabout/alcoholresponsibility.html. Coors Brewers also helps fund The Drinkaware Trust, an independent non-profit organization focused on bettering drinking habits in the U.K.
Through the Drinkaware program, in an effort to reach younger legal age drinkers, a new unit calculator was recently introduced. This easy-to-use tool helps consumers decipher the alcoholic content of beverages. Additionally, a new pocket-sized, quiz-based guide is also now available, just in time for the holidays.
As the holiday season grows closer, the current Let's Talk About Drinking publication, which provides guidance for parents on how to talk to children about alcohol, is being revised and will be available for the New Year.
About Molson Coors Brewing Company:
Molson Coors Brewing Company is one of the world's largest brewers. It brews, markets and sells a portfolio of leading premium quality brands such as Coors Light, Molson Canadian, Molson Dry, Carling, Coors, and Keystone Light in North America, Europe and Asia. It operates in Canada, through Molson Canada; in the US, through the MillerCoors joint venture; in the U.K. and Ireland, through Coors Brewers Limited. For more information on Molson Coors Brewing Company, visit the company's Web site, http://www.molsoncoors.com. For more information about the company's commitments to corporate responsibility, visit http://www.molsoncoors.com/responsibility.
Kabira Hatland Molson Coors Brewing Company
Molson Coors Brewing Company
Molson Coors is one of the world's leading brewers. It brews, markets and sells a portfolio of premium quality brands such as Coors Light, Molson Canadian, Molson Dry, Carling, Coors, and Keystone Light. It operates in Canada, through Molson Canada; in the US, through Coors Brewing Company; and i...
Molson Coors Recognized for Environmental Stewardship and Transparency by the Carbon Disclosure Project and Newsweek
New Global Public Opinion Survey Finds Water Issues Are the Top Environmental Concern Worldwide
Molson Coors & Circle of Blue Announce Results of Global Water Survey During Live Webcast at World Water Week


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calories in papaya
papaya nutrition facts
protein in papaya
carbs in papaya
fat in papaya
sugar in papaya
sodium in papaya
potassium in papaya
saturated fat in papaya
cholesterol in papaya
magnesium in papaya
fiber in papaya
calcium in papaya
zinc in papaya
vitamin a in papaya
vitamin c in papaya
vitamin d in papaya
vitamin k in papaya
vitamin b12 in papaya
vitamin b6 in papaya
folic acid in papaya
riboflavin in papaya
phosphorus in papaya
niacin in papaya
thiamine in papaya
Home / Nutrition / Iron / papaya
Amount of Iron in Papaya
Welcome to the nutritional iron content in 6 different types of papaya, ranging from 0.52 mg to 0.2 mg per 100g. The basic type of papaya is Papayas, raw, where the amount of iron in 100g is 0.25 mg.
0.25 mg of iron per 100g, from Papayas, raw corresponds to 2% of the iron RDA. For a typical serving size of 1 cup 1 pieces (or 145 g) the amount of Iron is 0.36 mg. This corresponds to an RDA percentage of 3%.
The percentage of the recommended daily allowance (RDA) for iron is based on a 14 mg RDA level for a mature adult.
Top five papaya products high in iron
Below is a summary list for the top five papaya items ranked by the amount or level of iron in 100g.
1. Fruit salad, (pineapple and papaya and banana and guava), tropical, canned, heavy syrup, solids and liquids : 0.52mg (4%RDA)
2. Babyfood, fruit, papaya and applesauce with tapioca, strained : 0.44mg (3%RDA)
3. Papaya nectar, canned : 0.34mg (2%RDA)
4. Papaya, canned, heavy syrup, drained : 0.29mg (2%RDA)
5. Papayas, raw : 0.25mg (2%RDA)
Following on from the five top papaya items or products containing iron we have a more comprehensive break down of Papayas, raw, and the highest item containing iron which is Fruit salad, (pineapple and papaya and banana and guava), tropical, canned, heavy syrup, solids and liquids. We also give a comparison of average values, median values and lowest values along with a comparison with other food groups and assess the effects of storage and preparation on the 6 types of papaya.
At the bottom of the page is the full list for the 6 different types of papaya based on the content in different servings in grams and oz (and other serving sizes), providing a comprehensive analysis of the iron content in papaya.
Papayas, raw - Nutritional Content and Chart
The full nutrition content, RDA percentages and levels for Papayas, raw should be considered along with the iron content. This food profile is part of our list of food and drinks under the general group Fruits and Fruit Juices.Other important and iron related nutrients are Calories, Protein, Fat and Carbohydrate. For this 100g serving in your diet, the amount of Calories is 43 kcal (2% RDA), the amount of Protein is 0.47 g (1% RDA), the amount of Fat is 0.26 g and the amount of Carbohydrate is 10.82 g (8% RDA). The nutritional content and facts for 100g, which includes Calories, Protein, Fat and Carbohydrate is shown in the RDA chart below as percentages of the recommended daily allowance along with the iron levels in papaya.
Our proprietary nutritional density score gives a nutritional value out of 100 based on 9 different vitamins, minerals and macro nutrients. Papayas, raw has a nutritional value score of 31 out of 100.Comparing the iron content and the nutritional density in 100g for Papayas, raw; We class this as a medium to low iron content item.In terms of overall nutritional value we class this as an item with a high nutritional density value.
Comparing iron in papaya vs spinach
The amount of iron in spinach is 2.7 mg per 100g.As iron percentage of the RDA this is 19 %. Comparing with Papayas, raw, in 100g contains 0.25 mg of iron. As a percentage of the RDA this is 2 %. Therefore, spinach has 2.45 mg more iron than Papayas, raw. In terms of iron percentage this is 980 % more iron. Spinach has an overall nutritional value score of 68 out of 100, whereas Papayas, raw has a nutritional value score of 31 out of 100.
The highest content of iron in the food items under the general description or type of papaya, is Fruit salad, (pineapple and papaya and banana and guava), tropical, canned, heavy syrup, solids and liquids with 0.52 mg of iron per 100g. Comparing spinach with Fruit salad, (pineapple and papaya and banana and guava), tropical, canned, heavy syrup, solids and liquids; spinach has 2.18 mg more iron than Fruit salad, (pineapple and papaya and banana and guava), tropical, canned, heavy syrup, solids and liquids. In terms of iron percentage this is 419 % more iron.
Amount of iron per 100 Calories
100 calories of papayas, raw is a serving size of 2.33 g, and the amount of Iron is 0.58 mg (4.65% RDA). Other important and related nutrients and macronutrients such as Fat, in 100 Calories are as follows; Protein 1.09 g (2.33% RDA), Fat 0.6 g (0% RDA), Carbohydrate 25.16 g (18.6% RDA). This is shown in the iron RDA percentage chart below, based on 100 Calories, along with the other important nutrients and macro nutrients.
Content per Typical Serving Size 1 cup 1 pieces (or 145 g)
For the food Papayas, raw the typical serving size is 1 cup 1 pieces (or 145 g) which contains 0.36 mg of Iron. The iron percentage of the recommended daily value for this serving is 3 %.
To give 100% of the RDA, 33.3 servings of the typical serving size 1 cup 1 pieces (or 145 g) give the complete RDA. In terms of the gram weight and total content for this serving the Calories content is 62.35 kcal, the Protein content is 0.68 g, the Fat content is 0.38 g and the Carbohydrate content is 15.69 g. The percentages are shown below in the iron chart, for the typical serving of iron and the related and important nutritional values.
Macronutrients in Papayas, raw
The amount of protein, fat and carbs from this food described above is measured in grams per 100g and grams in a typical serving size (in this case 1 cup 1 pieces or 145 g), although it is also useful to give the number of calories from protein, fat and carbohydrate which are the most important macronutrients. For this serving in your diet here are the macronutrient calories. From protein the number of calories is 2.3 (kcal).The number of calories from Fat is 3.2 (kcal).The total calories from carbohydrate is 56.5 (kcal).
Milligrams of iron in papaya (per 100g)
This list of 6 types of papaya, is brought to you by www.dietandfitnesstoday.com and ranges from Fruit salad, (pineapple and papaya and banana and guava), tropical, canned, heavy syrup, solids and liquids through to Babyfood, fruit, guava and papaya with tapioca, strained where all food items are ranked by the content or amount per 100g. The nutritional iron content can be scaled by the amount in grams, oz or typical serving sizes. Simply click on a food item or beverage from the list at the bottom of the page to give a full dietary nutritional breakdown to answer the question how much iron in papaya.
The list below gives the total iron content in the 6 items from the general description 'papaya' each of which show the iron amount as well as Calories, Protein, Fat and Carbohydrate. Below, is the top 6 food items shown in the iron chart. This gives a quick and easy dietary comparison for the different items, where each item is listed at the bottom of the page with a nutritional summary.
The corresponding nutritional value for papaya based on our density score out of 100 (ranked by the amount of iron per 100g) is shown in the below nutritional density chart.
The corresponding Calories for papaya ranked by the amount of iron per 100g is shown below in the papaya calories chart.
Effect of Preparation and Storage on iron
The level of iron can be affected by the method of storage for example canned or frozen and also by the method of preparation for example either raw, cooked or fried. The number of food items classified as canned is 3 items. The highest amount of iron from the 3 canned items is in Fruit salad, (pineapple and papaya and banana and guava), tropical, canned, heavy syrup, solids and liquids where the level is 0.52 mg per 100g.The total food items which are raw is 1 item. The highest amount of iron from the 1 raw items is in Papayas, raw where the content is 0.25 mg per 100g.
Average Content for papaya
The average (or more correctly the arithmetic mean) amount of iron contained in 100g of papaya, based on the list below of 6 different items under the general description of papaya, is 0.34 mg of iron. This average value corresponds to 2.43 % of the recommended dietary allowance (or RDA) in your diet. The averages for the different nutrients are as follows; the average amount of Calories is 87.50 kcal, the average amount of Protein is 0.27 g, the average amount of Fat is 0.21 g and the average amount of Carbohydrate is g.
The median value of Iron is found in Papaya nectar, canned which in 100g contains 0.34 mg of Iron. This corresponds to 2 % of the recommended daily allowance. For this serving the amount of Calories is 57 kcal, the amount of Protein is 0.17 g, the amount of Fat is 0.15 g and the amount of Carbohydrate is 14.51 g.
Highest iron Content per 100g
Using the list below for the 6 different papaya nutrition entries in our database, the highest amount of iron is found in Fruit salad, (pineapple and papaya and banana and guava), tropical, canned, heavy syrup, solids and liquids which contains 0.52 mg of iron per 100g. The associated percentage of RDA is 4 %. For this 100g serving the Calories content is 86 kcal, the Protein content is 0.41 g, the Fat content is 0.1 g, the Carbohydrate content is 22.36 g.
The lowest amount of iron in 100g is in Babyfood, fruit, guava and papaya with tapioca, strained which contains 0.2 mg. This gives as percentage of the recommended daily allowance 1 % of the RDA. For this 100g serving the amount of Calories is 63 kcal, the amount of Protein is 0.2 g, the amount of Fat is 0.1 g, the amount of Carbohydrate is 17 g.
The difference between the highest and lowest values gives a iron range of 0.32 mg per 100g. The range for the other nutrients are as follows; 23 kcal for Calories, 0.21 g for Protein, 0 g for Fat, 0 g for Carbohydrate.
Highest Amount of iron per Serving
Please remember that the above gives an accurate value in 100g for high iron foods in your diet. For example 100g of Papayas, raw contains 0.25 mg of iron. However, there are other factors to consider when you are assessing your nutritional requirements. You should also take into account portion sizes when you are considering the iron nutritional content.
The food with the highest iron content per typical serving is Fruit salad, (pineapple and papaya and banana and guava), tropical, canned, heavy syrup, solids and liquids which contains 1.34 mg in 1 cup (or 257 g). The percentage of the recommended daily value for this serving is 10 %. For this serving the Calories content is 221.02 kcal, the Protein content is 1.05 g, the Fat content is 0.26 g and the Carbohydrate content is 57.47 g.
From the list below you can find a full nutrition facts breakdown for all foods containing iron which can be scaled for different servings and quantities. We have also sorted our complete nutritional information and vitamin database of over 7000 foods, to give a list of iron rich foods.
Papaya List, iron Content per 100g
1. Fruit salad, (pineapple and papaya and banana and guava), tropical, canned, heavy syrup, solids and liquids - Iron
0.52 mg (4%) 86 kcal (4%) 22.36 g (17%) 0.1 g (0%) 0.41 g (1%)
1.34 mg (10%) 221.02 kcal (11%) 57.47 g (44%) 0.26 g (0%) 1.05 g (2%)
2. Babyfood, fruit, papaya and applesauce with tapioca, strained - Iron
Nutritional Value : 21 / 100 food group - Baby Foods
Iron Calories Carbohydrate Fat Protein
0.44 mg (3%) 70 kcal (4%) 18.9 g (15%) 0.1 g (0%) 0.2 g (0%)
Typical Serving size of 1 oz (or 28.35g):
0.12 mg (1%) 19.85 kcal (1%) 5.36 g (4%) 0.03 g (0%) 0.06 g (0%)
Other serving sizes 1 jar (or 113g):
0.5 mg (4%) 79.1 kcal (4%) 21.36 g (16%) 0.11 g (0%) 0.23 g (0%)
3. Papaya nectar, canned - Iron
0.34 mg (2%) 57 kcal (3%) 14.51 g (11%) 0.15 g (0%) 0.17 g (0%)
0.85 mg (6%) 142.5 kcal (7%) 36.28 g (28%) 0.38 g (1%) 0.43 g (1%)
Other serving sizes 1 fl oz (or 31.2g):
4. Papaya, canned, heavy syrup, drained - Iron
0.29 mg (2%) 206 kcal (10%) 55.83 g (43%) 0.55 g (1%) 0.14 g (0%)
Typical Serving size of 1 piece (or 39g):
0.11 mg (1%) 80.34 kcal (4%) 21.77 g (17%) 0.21 g (0%) 0.05 g (0%)
5. Papayas, raw - Iron
0.25 mg (2%) 43 kcal (2%) 10.82 g (8%) 0.26 g (0%) 0.47 g (1%)
Typical Serving size of 1 cup 1 pieces (or 145g):
0.58 mg (4%) 98.9 kcal (5%) 24.89 g (19%) 0.6 g (1%) 1.08 g (2%)
Other serving sizes 1 fruit and small (or 157g):
Other serving sizes 1 fruit and large (or 781g):
1.95 mg (14%) 335.83 kcal (17%) 84.5 g (65%) 2.03 g (3%) 3.67 g (7%)
6. Babyfood, fruit, guava and papaya with tapioca, strained - Iron
0.2 mg (1%) 63 kcal (3%) 17 g (13%) 0.1 g (0%) 0.2 g (0%)
iron and Nutritional Values - Top 221 Foods


text:
Inventive thinkers at NREL reach record number
DOE/National Renewable Energy Laboratory
The eureka moments can come fast and furious at the Energy Department's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), which last fiscal year racked up a record 169 inventions. Chris Deline's idea came to him while jogging, and from that sprang the potential to better protect firefighters.
Deline, a research engineer in NREL's photovoltaic performance and reliability group, jotted down his idea, a few paragraphs sufficiently describing his innovation that would be marked as a record of invention, or ROI.
"It's just a paragraph description with some schematics, and it's more to record internally that you've had an idea," he said.
The ROI process marks the first step in the process of protecting and eventually transferring federally funded research to the private sector. NREL's Technology Transfer Office (TTO) and Office of General Counsel work collaboratively to examine each ROI, and determine whether to pursue patent protection for each. An investment of patent protection is undertaken on about half of the ROIs submitted, according to Kristin Gray, NREL's TTO director.
Last year's ROI submissions, which also include the development of new software, easily topped the previous record of 134 set in fiscal 2011, and showed an increase from 127 in fiscal 2014.
Here are four examples of the ROI submissions filed in fiscal 2015.
Shutoff Idea Designed to Keep Firefighters Safer
Deline, who holds bachelor's, master's, and doctorate degrees in electrical engineering, came up with what's been dubbed the 'PV Module-Level Remote Safety Disconnect.' The idea is to keep firefighters out of harm's way when they're called to a home with rooftop solar panels. While electricity coming from power lines can be shut off at a junction box, the electricity generated by solar panels is always on as long as light is hitting the panels' surface. The National Electrical Code was revised in 2014 to specify all live wires connected to a solar panel must be able to be shut off within five feet of the panel.
Firefighters can easily cut the power to a non-solar house via the electric meter, but the presence of PV panels complicates matters. As much as 600 volts can be carried through the wires connected to a solar array, Deline said.
"My sort of eureka moment was trying to find a cheap, simple way to disconnect power within the array," he said.
The electricity generated by solar power relies on an inverter to convert the direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) to use in a home.
Deline said using a "microinverter or some complicated circuits" would allow the solar array to be shut down, but their main function would still be to convert to sunlight to electricity. He wanted something that would separate the power conversion functions from a safety feature.
Deline thought of using the terminal that connects the solar panel to the frame of the module and inserting a sensing circuit there. (Two other terminals connected to the solar panel are negative and positive.)
"If you were to either mechanically or externally impose a short circuit or connection between one of those connectors and the frame, you could detect that locally within your junction box and then that would be the signal for it to disconnect from the grid and provide that firefighter safety," he said. "I was trying to find ways of using existing equipment that's already there in your PV system, just using it in a different way to provide additional functionality. It doesn't require additional wires. It doesn't require any different ways of configuring the system or adding components other than what would already be there normally. So you just add an additional sensing circuit within the PV module so that it can detect whether the frame is at the same potential as the module itself, and if that is true, then that is when the control causes it to go into a safe mode, effectively shorting itself out so that there's no power being exported."
Deline submitted his ROI -- his first -- in December 2014, answered some follow-up questions from NREL's TTO, and was able to file for a patent application in September 2015. "Most of the work was done by the folks at the patent group. They did a fantastic job. They did most of the work in terms of actually drafting the patent. I provided some technical details and they had some follow-up questions."
Deline, who's been at NREL since 2008, suggested other scientists on the campus take the little time needed to record an ROI.
"People should know it's pretty painless to write out a record of invention," he said. "If you have a good concept and you just want to take a couple of hours to write it up, most of the heavy lifting is done by others. That's great. That's a huge burden taken off the researcher."
Deline can't say what will happen to his idea next. But having an ROI, and a patent pending, will protect the concept until government funds or private money is made available to move it further past the idea stage.
Two smiling men stand shoulder to shoulder.
NREL Research Fellow Robert Thresher, left, and Nathan Tom worked together to create a better way to capture energy from waves. Photo by Dennis Schroeder
Capturing Power of Water Has Its Challenges
Robert Thresher may be considered the wizard of wind at NREL, having been working in the field since 1973. At the laboratory since 1984, Thresher's credited with the buildup of what's now the National Wind Technology Center and the startup of the Energy Department's Water Energy Program. His longtime efforts at turning wind and water into renewable energy has now yielded an ROI titled 'Wave Energy Conversion Devices with Actuated Geometry.'
Just as wind turbines generate power, electricity can be generated by capturing the energy of waves. But therein is the problem.
"It's not like a wind farm where you can jump in your pickup and be there in a few minutes," Thresher said.
Wave devices typically look like buoys that move up and down in the water. The simplest type is a device that as the waves hit it pulls on a line attached to a generator on the ocean floor. That pulling motion creates the power, and that works fine except when a storm rolls in and the waves grow too large.
The pitch of blades on a wind turbine can be adjusted to reduce the amount of power generated. There's no need to build a giant generator to accommodate the highest wind speed possible, Thresher said, because those winds don't come along that often.
Something similar was needed to handle swells caused by powerful storm surges hitting a wave device. Thresher said the idea behind the ROI came from "kind of a group think" during a meeting with researchers experienced in everything from ocean engineering to control systems. "We thought to add something like a pitch control on a wind turbine."
Some existing wave devices have something that resembles a barn door with a hinge at the bottom. The waves move it back and forth. But control of a system like that is tricky; a large wave slapping against that door can overpower the generator, Thresher said.
He and his colleagues came up with the notion that the door should be more like flaps on a venetian blind, able to close fully when waves are optimal and to open to allow the excess energy to flow through.
"The flaps across it can open and close depending on wave conditions," Thresher said. "That allows you in very small or moderate waves to close all the flaps to get maximum exposure. As the wave height increases, you can open flaps to reduce the driving force and let a lot of energy go by. That allows you to operate over a wide set of conditions so you don't overpower your generator."
Control over when to open or close the flaps is the key to the idea working. Fortunately, Thresher's team included Michael Lawson, Yi-Hsiang Yu, and Nathan Tom, all of whom are among the principal developers at NREL of WEC-SIM, or Wave Energy Converter SIMulator. Funded by the Energy Department's Wind and Water Power Technologies Office, the software was developed through collaboration with NREL and Sandia National Laboratories. Using the WEC-SIM will help analyze how well the idea behind the ROI will work.
Better control of the wave loads hitting these devices could allow them to become a more economical source of renewable energy, said Tom, a postdoctoral researcher and the lead researcher on the wave device project.
"Wave devices are really heavy," he said. "We have a lot of steel. That is where we see the greatest cost savings will come. We believe the only way we'll have the cost savings is to have a system where the loads are even more controlled than they potentially are now."
Getting the wave device into the water will take some time, Thresher said, and that is expected to be in a test tank. A working prototype could take four or five years.
"It's truly in its infancy," he said.
Two men stand in a laboratory filled with glass bottles.
Postdoctoral researcher Calvin Henard, left, and NREL Systems Biologist Michael Guarnieri received a record of invention for a way to put wasted methane to work. Photo by Dennis Schroeder
Evolutionary Idea Puts Methane to Work
"I wish there was a single eureka moment I could give you," said Michael Guarnieri, a systems biologist in NREL's biochemical process R&D group whose ROI has been dubbed 'Methane Biocatalysts to Value Added Chemicals.' "I think it's been more of an evolution."
The gaseous state of methane makes it incompatible for use as a transportation fuel, so it's typically burned for heat and power, or flared as an unneeded byproduct of producing natural gas. Methane stands out as the second most abundant of the greenhouse gases. To help combat that, the Energy Department issued a challenge to find a better use of methane, including the initiation of a Waste-to-Energy conversion platform and the Advance Research Projects Agency Energy (ARPA-E) REMOTE program -- that stands for Reducing Emissions using Methanotrophic Organisms for Transportation Energy.
Those organisms are bacteria that can be genetically engineered to convert methane into materials that can replace the petroleum needed to make fuels or chemicals. That initial research done under the REMOTE program sparked the idea to use the methane captured from various waste streams -- including from landfills and municipal solid waste.
"Instead of just flaring or burning that methane, we're now looking at the potential to convert it into fuel precursors and high-value co-products," said Guarnieri, who's been at NREL for almost six years. "In addition to hydrocarbon fuels, we have a couple of bioproducts that we've been targeting, one of which is lactic acid. We've successfully been able to biocatalyze methane to lactic acid, and we've also initiated a program to go from methane to a nylon precursor. Essentially this would be waste methane conversion to synthetic polymers."
Lactic acid can be used to make a bioplastic, meaning one that doesn't come from a petrochemical. Other types of organic acids, such as muconic acid or adipic acid, also can be made from methane to produce bioproducts such as nylon or polyurethane.
"We have actually already filed for a patent application for the muconic acid work," Guarnieri said. "It also encompasses the development of some novel genetic tools. Historically, what's been a hurdle working with these methanotrophic bacteria is they're not generally tractable or genetically malleable. We've invested a lot of energy upfront on implementing a whole suite of genetic tools that have enabled the downstream genetic engineering of these microbes."
Calvin Henard, a postdoctoral fellow working on the project, played a role in developing the genetic tools.
Since the ROI was recorded in May 2015, Guarnieri said, the target has been set to get the idea to a pilot scale or early-stage commercial scale by 2018. "We're hoping to advance this technology to a licensable state by the end of the third year. That would be a huge success."
A man and a woman stand inside a laboratory. The man is holding a smart thermostat.
NREL engineers Annabelle Pratt, left, and Hongyu Wu hold a smart thermostat. The two came up with an algorithm that allows autonomous control of the various devices used in the home, from when to charge an electric vehicle to how often the air conditioner should come on.
Photo by Dennis Schroeder
Software Gives Control of House to Owner
The ROI attached to Annabelle Pratt's name is titled 'Home Energy Management System,' but that's deceptively simple. Unlike existing smart devices that allow a homeowner to remotely control dishwashers or air conditioners, the software she and Hongyu Wu developed goes a step further in its sophistication.
Their software provides autonomous control of an entire house, handling everything from charging your electric vehicle for the morning commute to turning on appliances when utilities are charging the least for electricity. A real-time connection to weather forecasts and energy prices would allow the system to look into the future and meet the demand in the most cost-effective way and/or over a timeframe when the contribution of renewables to the generation mix is highest.
"Much of this is futuristic, anticipating what you would need," said Pratt, a principal electrical engineer in NREL's Power Systems Engineering Center. Wu, an engineer in the same group, said if the control system determines the price of electricity will be lower for the next hour, it could trigger more appliances to operate during that time frame.
Pratt and Wu both joined NREL in 2014. Wu wrote the software code, which at more than 5,000 lines took about six months. He had to take into account such factors as a weather forecast that proves to be wrong, and allow the software to make adjustments to cover errors and uncertainties.
Commercial buildings typically have energy management systems. That's important because utilities charge businesses based on the peak amount of electricity used during a billing period. Residential customers don't have peak charges yet, but that could change, Pratt said.
"Then you'd have to look at all your devices that you can control and manage them collectively so you can control your peak," she said. "We don't know if that's going to happen or when it will happen, but it is definitely one of the options people are discussing to reflect the real cost to homeowners of generating electricity."
With the software already drawing interest from companies, there are still a couple of challenges to be addressed. A user interface needs to be developed. The software also must be tailored so that it works across many different types of appliance manufacturers.
The day will come, Pratt said, when the software will find its way into homes across the country. It's just a matter of when.
"There is this momentum building, but when is it going to be mainstream is the question," she said.
Learn more about NREL's Technology Transfer Office.
David Glickson
david.glickson@nrel.gov
@nrel
http://www.nrel.gov
CHEMISTRY/PHYSICS/MATERIALS SCIENCES
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING/ELECTRONICS
http://www.nrel.gov/news/features/2015/21610
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Candidate is responsible for overseeing the General Accounting and Financial Reporting functions including Budgets, Payroll, Credit, A/R and A/P. This position will be responsible for developing and maintaining accounting principles, practices and procedures to ensure accurate and timely financial statements.
This position must address tight deadlines and a multitude of accounting activities including general ledger preparation, financial reporting, yearend audit preparation and the support of budget and forecast activities. He or she is responsible for implementing and maintaining a system of internal controls that will ensure that company assets are adequately safeguarded and that all financial reporting is prepared in compliance with all financial policies and US GAAP.


text:
Health in Guatemala is focused on many different systems of prevention and care. Guatemala's Constitution states that every citizen has the universal right to health care. However, this right has been hard to guarantee due to limited government resources and other problems regarding access. The health care system in place today developed out of the Civil War in Guatemala. The Civil War prevented social reforms from occurring, especially in the sector of health care.

The Human Rights Measurement Initiative finds that Guatemala is fulfilling 81.6% of what it should be fulfilling for the right to health based on its level of income. When looking at the right to health with respect to children, Guatemala achieves 94.8% of what is expected based on its current income. In regards to the right to health amongst the adult population, the country achieves only 87.3% of what is expected based on the nation's level of income. Guatemala falls into the "very bad" category when evaluating the right to reproductive health because the nation is fulfilling only 62.9% of what the nation is expected to achieve based on the resources (income) it has available.

Health Care System
Today, there have been many reforms to the health care system, but the current system continues to have significant problems.  The country is on its way to develop a solid health care system, and is working toward achieving many of the Millennium Development Goals in place. However, the inequalities that are associated with outcomes and access have not been addressed, making it difficult for Guatemala to move forward in the field of health care.  The ratio of doctors to residents is low, at .9 doctors per 1,000 citizens. The system requires a lot of change in order to serve the whole Guatemalan community.

History

When the Civil War broke out in Guatemala, social improvements in health care were brought to a halt. The period of the 34-year Civil War (from 1954-mid 1980s) resulted in many changes within the health sector. The focus on health care was generally abandoned throughout the period of war when the country experienced a period of "privatization through attrition," which generated poor service and low health care coverage for decades to follow. As Verduga mentions, the total GDP expenditures on health was only about 1 to 2 percent during this period of war. Therefore, it was the emergence of NGOs and other community organizations that allowed for basic health care to be provided to the general population.

Once the Guatemalan Civil War ended in 1996 with the signing of the Peace Accords, health care was placed in the hands of a new democratic government. Immediately after the war, Guatemala saw little change in the healthcare sector. However, starting in 1999, the health care system was improved with increased government spending and aid. Although this was a drastic improvement from the times of war, the system was still insufficient and did not come close to meeting all of the needs of the Guatemalan people.

Structure and Coverage
Today, the Guatemalan health care system is split into three separate divisions: the public, private nonprofit, and private for-profit sectors. Within the public sector, there is the Ministry of Health and Social Security (MOH), the Guatemalan Social Security Institute (IGSS), and the Military Health Service. This sector of the health care system formally covers about 88% of the population. The private sector, which accounts for about 12% of the population, includes many for-profit providers, non-profit entities, and traditional local providers. The public sector works to provide care through hospitals, health facilities, and various health centers, whereas the private sector allocates resources within private offices, clinics, and hospitals.

Very few funds are allocated to health care within Guatemala. As a share of GDP, health care spending in Guatemala is one of the lowest in Central America (2.6 percent). The GDP expenditure shows that few funds are allocated to the health care system in Guatemala. In total, the Guatemalan government's expenditures on health were about $196 US dollars in 2010. This amount was significantly less than the total Central American average ($350) and the average Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC) expenditures ($672). The health care system requires more funds to improve the coverage and overall health care system in Guatemala.

The Peace Accords, which were signed in 1996, called for a change in health provision goals. In 1997, the MOH established a program called the Expansion of Coverage Program (PEC), which worked to improve the availability of health and nutrition services to young children and women in rural areas of Guatemala. As Pena explains, current MOH services do not cover the poor, rural population of Guatemala, making the PEC critical to the rural population. Ever since its creation, the PEC has expanded immensely, now covering about 54% of the health and nutrition needs of rural Guatemalans. The coverage program works with NGOs in the area to promote good health and nutrition to populations who lack sufficient health care. However, important accountability systems regarding transparency and progress were not installed, limiting the program's effectiveness. The services covered by the PEC include care for women and infants, illnesses and emergency care, and environmental care.

There is also an informal sector of healthcare that is often overlooked. Termed the "Maya Mobile Clinic" or the "Other Public Health", traveling salespeople (often men) are a medical resource for Guatemalans living in the highlands. These salespeople offer raw and natural ingredients to mainly indigenous populations and give talks about their health qualities. Maya Mobile Clinics act as a midpoint between the physical distance of the Guatemalan highlands and public clinic locations, and as a midpoint between the cultural gap that separates Maya medicinal norms and values from Guatemala's public health sector's medicinal norms and values.

Conditions
There are many communicable diseases and conditions that threaten the livelihood of the Guatemalan people on a day-to-day basis. Infectious diseases are still the number one cause of death for people in developing countries, whereas in the developed world, infectious diseases are no longer a significant problem. Furthermore, in Guatemala, parasites, diabetes, and malnutrition are huge health problems. Diabetes threatens development in many rural Mayan communities within Guatemala. In order to attack this problem head-on, "health service efforts must be culturally appropriate and emphasize awareness, prevention, early detection, and universal treatment". Also, malnutrition remains a huge problem among children and adults in Guatemala. Given the prevalence of poverty, many residents have limited access to quality nutrition, limited education, and higher rates of disease. Even though there have been improvements, Guatemala is still characterized by high infant and maternal morbidity and mortality rates, pervasive malnutrition, and high incidences of infectious diseases. Also, in Guatemala, the prevalence of Type 2 diabetes and obesity has risen.

Communicable Diseases
In Guatemala, communicable diseases for which treatment exists are still one of the major causes of death. Wealthy, more industrialized developed nations have been able to eliminate communicable diseases due to an epidemiological transition, in which death rates due to degenerative diseases have surpassed those of communicable and infectious diseases. The opposite is apparent in Guatemala. The high mortality rate for infants is a direct result of communicable and infectious diseases. Similarly, the epidemiological profile of Guatemala shows that some of the most prevalent infectious diseases, like diarrhea and acute respiratory infections, are a direct result of poverty. In Guatemala, 56 percent of the population lives below the poverty line. Poverty levels are greatest in the indigenous communities of Guatemala, which account for about 81 percent of those living in poverty, and make up about 43 percent of Guatemala's total population. High levels of poverty make the population more vulnerable to communicable diseases, which is why government funding of health care is necessary for the rural areas of Guatemala.

Even though Guatemala has improved its health care system substantially since the end of the Guatemalan Civil War, mortality rates for communicable diseases still show that considerable progress needs to be made  to remove the burden of infectious diseases on the population. In a country like Guatemala, water is poor and frequently contaminated. In order to decrease common communicable diseases like diarrhea, tuberculosis, pneumonia, and respiratory disease, clean water and sanitation are necessary. With the health care system's provision of both clean water and food, the incidence of infectious and communicable diseases will decrease.

Parasites
Parasites present one of the biggest threats to health in Guatemala. Many of the common parasites in developing countries like Guatemala are spread through contamination of both water and food. Some of the effects of parasites include intestinal obstructions, which can hinder the body from absorbing nutrients, lead to a loss of appetite, impair long term growth, induce vomiting, cause anemia and anorexia, and in severe cases, cause death. Symptoms can also include intense abdominal pain, loss of appetite, nausea, diarrhea, and fever.

It has been seen that the prevalence of parasites is significantly higher among younger children and those who are malnourished. Parasites are usually transferred through contaminated water, making them dangerous because they are able to induce malnutrition by consuming the body's nutrients, thus impeding a child's physical development. For school children who are infected with parasites, cognitive functioning can drastically decrease, directly impacting their education. School children who have been treated for parasites immediately perform significantly better in school settings. Parasite infections can also vary based on access to clean water and whether or not sewage disposal is present. The Millennium Development Goals discussed the importance of deworming to help meet the goals set by the United Nations.  Parasites can have serious long-term consequences in that they directly affect development and health for decades after. However, inexpensive, single-dose medications exist that can fully treat these parasitic infections.

Diabetes
Diabetes is a significant problem within the Guatemalan population. As a rising public health concern, diabetes largely threatens the indigenous population of Guatemala.  Because this population frequently has limited access to the Guatemalan health care system, knowledge about the emergence of diabetes is also incredibly limited. Indigenous areas are particularly under-resourced with respect to doctors and overall health care programs.

A risk factor for diabetes within the indigenous population is dietary change over time. Changes in indigenous diets were a result of structural and economic changes, which forced the rural population to resort to energy-dense foods that are extremely high in saturated fats and simple carbohydrates. These simple carbohydrates can be found throughout Guatemalan cuisine, especially corn, which is one of the staple foods of the Guatemalan diet. This in turn leads to the higher prevalence of Type 2 diabetes, because the entire population has added more fats and sugars into their diets.

A large issue for the indigenous population and the greater Guatemalan population in general is access to medication. Medication used to treat diabetes is very expensive and would require the Guatemalan government to devote significant resources to provide medication for every diabetic. However, diabetes is a manageable disease, and can also be treated with frequent physical activity and a change in diet, focused on management and healthy choices.

Pesticide Poisoning
Due to farming conditions and yield pressures in Guatemala, many agricultural workers are at high risk of pesticide poisoning. People often handle pesticides without protective clothing or gear, soaking it in through their skin and inhaling it into their lungs. A large black market and lack of oversight over legal pesticide use in Guatemala also contributes to its rampant and unsafe use. Pesticide poisoning most likely disproportionately affects indigenous farm workers.

Mayan Health
One aspect of the Guatemalan health care system is its focus on Mayan health. Because the Mayan population is so prevalent in  Guatemala, it is necessary to consider their barriers to quality health care. Taking into account the language barriers, diet, and living conditions, the Mayan population suffers enormously when it comes to proper health care. The life expectancy for Mayans can be up to 10 or 15 years lower than other Guatemalans. Since the Civil War, the Mayan population generally resides in poverty stricken areas, and therefore has limited access to the healthcare that is available to the Ladinos, or non-indigenous population.

Medical Pluralism

Indigenous Guatemalan communities deal with medical pluralism, or the intersection of beliefs and uses regarding traditional and biomedical healthcare. Traditional Maya medical care involves plant medicine and ethnomedical practitioners who learn in one-on-one or self-taught settings. Western medical systems and the Guatemalan public health system have been criticized for not considering ethnomedical practices to be legitimate, and interest among indigenous Guatemalans in taking on ethnomedical apprenticeships has been declining, resulting in tension between practices.

Language and Diet
In Guatemala, about 45% of the Ladino population lives in poverty, while about 91% of the indigenous population succumbs to extreme poverty levels. This large difference appears in other aspects of life as well, like family planning, susceptibility to disease, education level, and access to health care. Such inequalities can largely be attributed to a large language barrier between the indigenous population and the non-indigenous peoples. Generally, the indigenous people of Guatemala speak only a variety of local Mayan languages. In relation to health care, these language barriers can be significant. Most of the medical professionals that serve the indigenous communities are Ladino, and speak Spanish only. Communicating health related issues to a patient under these conditions becomes an obstacle, which in turn causes indigenous people to avoid health care centers altogether. The indigenous population is unable to communicate with the doctors directly, which is both difficult and embarrassing. Ishida et al. discovered that the combination of poverty and language barriers made indigenous women less likely to seek services from health care providers.

The Mayan diet is different from the diet of non-indigenous Guatemalans. Throughout their history, the Maya have used maize as a principal crop. Staple foods of the Mayan diet today are corn and beans. The better cash crops like greens, tomatoes, fruits, eggs, and poultry are mainly sold to Ladinos and are not purchased by Mayans. Therefore, Mayan nutrition is very poor because it includes little besides starches and protein. Corn has a significant amount of carbohydrates, which in turn increases blood sugar levels. This increase in blood sugar makes diabetes a very common disease within the Mayan population. Also, with this lack of crucial nutrients, malnutrition is very prominent in the indigenous population. The widespread consumption of corn contaminated with aflatoxins leads to serious health problems.

Living Conditions
The Mayan people frequently live in rural villages of Guatemala, which are generally known to be impoverished areas. About 80% of indigenous Guatemalans live below the "international poverty line." Very few Mayan families have the economic stability to devote money towards health care. With the high prices of medications and the poor quality of health posts, impoverished patients refuse to use or trust the westernized health care system. For centuries, the relationship between the Ladinos and the Mayans has been antagonistic. Throughout the period of the Guatemalan Civil War, Mayans were excluded from land and water resources as well as educational, health care, political, and economic resources. Even in today's modern age, the effects of exclusion and deprivation from the war are still felt my many indigenous Mayans. This directly affects health care because the Mayan population does trust Western medicine and hospitals. Similarly, the Ladino doctors that work in the health field make the indigenous people feel powerless and guarded instead of supported.

Many indigenous Guatemalans survive on below-subsistence agriculture. Farms are not large enough to sustain large-scale subsistence farming, making the overall yield exceptionally low. Because of the limited amount of farmland, its unequal distribution, and the growing population, poverty continues to ravish the Mayan civilizations. The concrete living distance also plays a role in health care accessibility for indigenous population. More than likely, these rural villages where the Mayans reside are located close to an hour walk away from any health clinic or post. The inaccessibility of the clinics leads to fewer visits and more health complications in the indigenous population.

Government run hospitals are located in the main cities of several provinces. Indigenous peoples' highland locality - often distant from main cities - makes travel to these hospitals expensive, further limiting access. Taking advantage of the importance of midwifery in many indigenous traditional medicinal systems, the Ministry of Public Health decided to better reach indigenous populations through midwife training programs in the 1980s. However, the quality, efficacy, and cultural sensitivity of these programs has been brought into question.

Children and women's health
For women and children, the health discrepancies are very visible. In children, infant mortality and malnutrition are rampant. Severe health and nutritional deficiencies are associated with deaths of children under the age of 5. Similarly, physical and mental development can be severely impacted by malnutrition in children. On the other hand, women's health focuses on preventable deaths related to pregnancy, delivery, and post-pregnancy complications. Most of the time, services that are provided for contraceptive health do not reach the at-risk population. At-risk women and infants frequently die because of their limited access to quality health care, as well as their perilous living conditions. Many programs have been implemented to try and incorporate all levels of reproductive health in order to improve care for these populations.

Infants
In Guatemala, infant mortality continues to be a big problem. As of 2015, it is estimated that Guatemala's infant mortality rate is 22.73 for every 1,000 live births. As mentioned, rural areas of Guatemala exhibit the highest levels of morbidity and infant mortality because health care in those areas is largely inaccessible. Generally, infant mortality rates are used as an indicator of general health levels in a particular country.

Infants are more susceptible to infectious diseases and conditions like malaria, which can cause severe morbidity, and even death. For infants, physical growth is critical to proper and successful development. Therefore, if there are insufficient nutrients being provided to the infant during this period of growth and cell proliferation, the number of neurons will be permanently reduced. In Guatemala, this issue is particularly prominent. Nutrition and proper health care is crucial in early infant development in order to insure that these infants will thrive and grow into strong children. Therefore, the nutritional deficiencies, infectious diseases, and parasitic diseases directly lead to higher mortality rates for children under the age of 5 in Guatemala. These higher mortality rates are prominent in both rural and urban areas of Guatemala when diseases are present. However, these rates are significantly higher in rural areas where limited access to health care, high levels of illiteracy, poor sanitation, and nutritional deficiencies are factored into the rate.

Malnutrition in Children
Malnutrition is a serious condition that threatens the health and well-being of many people in developing nations. In Guatemala, nutritional deficiencies have been shown to severely impact the growth and development of children both physically and mentally. Stunting and underweight are both common physical indicators for acute and chronic malnutrition in children. According to Gragnolati and Marini, over 44 percent of the Guatemalan child population is chronically malnourished. However, these numbers are even higher for indigenous populations of Guatemala (58 percent) in comparison to the non-indigenous population. Although the incidence rate of stunting has decreased in Guatemala, the rate of decline is minuscule compared to other countries in the LAC region.

The high incidence of malnutrition within indigenous populations is a direct result of poor water sanitation and limited access to clean water. According to the MOH, about 98% of the water sources in Guatemala are contaminated. Disease and malnutrition are highly correlated with one another; both are causes and consequences of each other.  In order to improve the health system and reduce the prevalence of malnutrition, easy availability of safe drinking water, together with disease treatment and prevention, are critical for the survival of Guatemalan children. Improvement must be implemented at the community level, by renovating infrastructures in order to provide piped water and sanitary operations for the residents.

One consequence of malnutrition and undernourishment is the degradation of cognitive performance, which can be studied and observed through schoolchildren and their performance in an educational setting. This can generally be observed in poorer settings. In poverty stricken areas of Guatemala, inadequate nutrient intake can lead to higher disease rates, which can in turn expedite the poverty cycle. Breastfeeding is also critical for infants to obtain sufficient nutrients and antibodies. Malnutrition severely weakens children who are already weaker to begin with, making them more vulnerable to life-threatening illnesses. Similarly, civil conflict (from the Guatemalan Civil War period) has left the indigenous population with many barriers to combat malnutrition, which has only prevented positive outcomes of health within the population through social, political, and economic exclusion.

Reproductive Health
Reproductive health focuses on the health of infants as well as mothers. Guatemala is only beginning their transition into a more health-centered nation. The overall Guatemalan population is very young, which not only affects infant mortality rates, but significantly impacts both reproductive age and fertility rates. In Guatemala, the fertility rate is almost 5 children per mother, the highest in all of Latin America.

When the reproductive age is young, there can be many catastrophic effects. The maternal mortality rate for younger mothers is much higher. Guatemala is the country with the highest rate of maternal death related to pregnancy and delivery. This high rate is the result of many different factors, but mainly, it is a consequence of the scarcity of health care services, increased prevalence of illnesses, and the marginalization of women. Similarly, with a younger reproductive age, the chances of young mothers acquiring illnesses and transferring contaminants to their infants is very high.

Maternal health problems affect women throughout Guatemala, but are significantly more prevalent in poorer, more rural areas. Indigenous women frequently have unsafe living conditions, which makes them more susceptible to health related problems. This population has the highest fertility rates in Guatemala, as well as a significantly higher maternal mortality rate than the non-indigenous population. Very few births are attended by either doctors or nurses, making the indigenous population much more prone to complications related to pregnancy, delivery, or postpartum.

In Guatemala, knowledge and education about contraceptives and family planning is incredibly low, especially within the indigenous population. More education about the implications of reproduction can reduce population growth while simultaneously improving both maternal and infant health. Since the end of the Civil War, the indigenous population of Guatemala had turned to  traditional practices for maternal deliveries because this group distrusted modern health care facilities and services provided by non-indigenous personnel.  There is very little knowledge about health care services related to pregnancy and abortions. Abortions are illegal in Guatemala, and are only permitted if it will save the mother's life. The Guatemalan government is working to address maternal mortality by increasing public spending on health care to gain a greater understanding of "comprehensive reproductive health."

Family planning
Typically, in Guatemala, the general population is poor and has little access to quality health care services. The indigenous population and the Ladinos generally use traditional and formal health practices respectively. In both of these practices, family planning is very different. Differences in economic and social influences determine contraceptive use, child immunizations, prenatal care, and childbirth or delivery.

For the two populations within Guatemala, there are many large disparities between family planning actions. Family planning services are as scarce as health care services in the rural areas of Guatemala. Indigenous people in Guatemala are more likely to have little to no education and are often living in poverty. High poverty and illiteracy rates directly correlate with lower rates of contraceptive use. This lower rate is both a result of limited contraceptive knowledge and also the negative social stigma behind contraceptives. Guatemala's high fertility rate is a result of poor family planning initiatives, which result in young pregnancies, large families with many children, shorter birth intervals, and deficient growth within children. Similarly, breastfeeding plays a huge role in family planning, both as a nutrient and antibody source for infants, as well as a way to inhibit immediate fertility (because of the absence of menstruation) and allow for greater birth spacing.

Family decisions about health care depend on many factors. Specific family dynamics, individual beliefs and decisions of the mother, and direct community influences are all aspects to take into consideration when looking at family choices. The Guatemalan government has worked to implement family education centers within its poorer populations. A family life education class provides information pertaining to sex education, as well as reproductive health.

Education

Education is an aspect of health that is generally ignored by the Guatemalan health care system. Proper education on nutrition and contraceptives has proven to impact both education levels and survival. In children, proper nutrition has been shown to accelerate development, both mentally and physically. Also, there is a large association between maternal education and a lower mortality rate of infants as well as healthier habits while pregnant. Education can also reinforce preventive measures. There is a relationship between poverty and education, but there are many possibilities within Guatemala that will allow education to prosper and serve a larger community. The lack of health education is one reason why many children and adults, through simple illnesses and pregnancies, end up dying prematurely. Health education provides mothers with resources to handle health issues and gives them access to knowledgeable sources outside their specific communities.

Health Education
Many Guatemalans do not have enough knowledge about health care to make concrete health decisions and know the results of outcomes. Education is required in order to provide both indigenous and non-indigenous Guatemalans with the understanding to make personal health choices. The education of school children and quality nutrition status have both shown to affect adult education levels. With the implementation of nutrition interventions as children, these adults were more likely to be more educated than others in the population. Similarly, Desai and Soumya discovered that there was a great relationship between child health and maternal education; therefore, the greater the mother's education, the healthier the child.

Within the Mayan population of Guatemala, education is not as accessible. However, it has also been observed that the indigenous population does not utilize health care services as readily. Delgado et al. discovered that the indigenous mothers actually did have a significant affinity for health seeking behaviors. Specifically, mothers determined which health services to frequent based on the illness of their child. However, many mothers explained that they would "normally not attend a medical service when their children presented the symptoms," for a variety of reasons including accessibility and dissatisfaction. Education and accessibility are required in order to expand health care into the more rural areas of Guatemala and implement health care planning techniques.

Preventive Measures
Preventive measures, in the form of health care, work to improve the basic health services so that individuals can easily access them. Guatemala has shifted its focus onto preventive care, in order to serve the poorer communities that are more disadvantaged in health care. Especially in the field of Children and Women's Health, education on preventive measures can result in great health outcomes. In considering hygiene and sexually transmitted diseases, preventive education can alone hinder the onset of disease. Mothers are more likely to use health services, both as a preventive and medicinal tool, when they are educated.

In the field of education, knowledge about health outcomes is necessary, as well as poor health origins. The causes of illnesses are largely unknown or completely wrong. In considering the effects of hygiene on health, education is very limited. The indigenous population of Guatemala knows little about the transmission of disease or easy, hygienic techniques that can reduce severe health problems. Even with few years of education, women in the indigenous communities were more likely to understand and adopt different hygienic beliefs in order to prevent poor health outcomes. However, because of past experiences in which Ladino communities tried to assimilate into indigenous societies, the indigenous people of Guatemala resist the idea of adopting "western" or "Ladino" health behaviors. Therefore, the implementation of education into these communities would allow for increased preventive measures as well as overall health benefits.

Many of the deaths that occur frequently in Guatemala are a result of preventable and treatable diseases. Different preventive measures including sanitation, hygiene, vaccines, and education work to improve the health outcomes for many people in developing countries. There is a large discrepancy between those who are receiving preventive care and those who are not. In Guatemala, doctors only treat 24% of indigenous people, whereas they treat almost double that amount for non-indigenous Guatemalans. This statistic shows that more money can be spent working to provide preventive care services to the indigenous population of Guatemala. Preventable diseases can be eliminated with the implementation of these services and with the influence of education.

See also
 Guatemala Health Initiative a private charitable aid organization operating in Santiago Atitlán
 Education in Guatemala

References

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Q: Understanding Darboux Sum Comparison Lemma I can't understand how the green-underlined inequality holds?
If $f(x) \ge 0$ for all $x\in [a,b]$ , then the mentioned inequality is true, otherwise I doubt that; and thus may the proof is not correct at all? Thanks.

A: The proof is flawed for the reason you state.
I suspect this lemma is intended for proving that Riemann sums converge to the integral in the limit as the partition norm tends to zero, given that the  Riemann integral is defined as a limit approached as partitions are refined. I am assuming here that the author's term "gap" means the norm or maximum interval length for the partition, $gap \, P = \|P\|$.
What is correct about this lemma (and potentially useful) is the combined result
$$U(f,P^*) - L(f,P^*) \leqslant U(f,P) - L(f,P) + 2 k M \,gap P^*.$$
This can be proved as follows.  Note that
$$M_i = \sup_{x \in [x_{i-1},x_i]}f(x) \leqslant M, \\ m_i = \inf_{x \in [x_{i-1},x_i]}f(x) \geqslant -M.$$
Since there are at most $k$ crossing indexes we have $$\sum_{i \in \mathcal{C}}M_i(x_{i}- x_{i-1}) \leqslant k M gap \, P^*,\\ \sum_{i \in \mathcal{C}}m_i(x_i- x_{i-1}) \geqslant -k M gap \, P^*,$$
which implies
$$\tag{1} \sum_{i \in \mathcal{C}}(M_i-m_i)(x_i- x_{i-1}) \leqslant 2k M gap \, P^*.$$
For non-crossing indexes we see that subintervals $[x_{i-1},x_i]$ coincide with subintervals of the refinement $P' = P \cup P^*$, and, hence,
$$\tag{2} \sum_{i \notin \mathcal{C}}(M_i-m_i)(x_i- x_{i-1}) \leqslant U(f,P') - L(f,P').$$
Adding (1) and (2) we obtain
$$U(f,P^*) - L(f,P^*) = \sum_{i \in \mathcal{C}}(M_i-m_i)(x_i- x_{i-1})  + \sum_{i \notin \mathcal{C}}(M_i-m_i)(x_i- x_{i-1}) \\ \leqslant  U(f,P') - L(f,P') + 2k M gap \, P^* \\ \leqslant  U(f,P) - L(f,P) + 2k M gap \, P^* ,$$
where the final inequality follows because $P'$ is a refinement of $P$.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


2. MCA project was taken over from the previous vendor and INFY found that there was very little documentation and INFY had to do it from the beginning.
3. INFY has been maintaining CPC site for the past 10 years and it has been running smoothly.
Union Cabinet's decision to select Infosys as a developer and allot Rs.4242 crores-worth project of creating Income Tax's Centralised Processing Unit has raised many eyebrows in the Information Technology (IT) sector as well as others, considering the chaos created by Infosys in developing the system for Goods and Services Tax Network (GSTN) and the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA)'s company registry. Many are wondering why Government again selected Infosys, for it does not have a great record of executing projects for the govt.
Every player in the IT sector wonders how like a cat always landing on its feet, Infosys manages to bag contract after contract.
People in the know feel that this is simply due to the "rapport" of Infosys founding-partner Nandan Nilekani with the NDA Government headed by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. Every company owner in this country has experienced pain when MCA registry contract passed hands from Tata Consulting Services (TCS) to Infosys. TCS had done a good job of it till mid-2014. Once Niti Aayog CEO Amitabh Kant lost his cool and blasted Infosys for ditching the administration of MCA's Company Registry.
Infosys, which won the GSTN contract by outsmarting L & T InfoTech was a real pain for every taxpayer of GST. When GST went live on Jul 1, 2017, the software was undercooked and as a result, the country suffered. Even basic problems in uploading were not rectified by Infosys, for which it bagged a hefty contract of more Rs.3500 crores.
The question that keeps cropping up is why this government keeps rewarding shoddy implementation by Infosys? And what remedial actions were done by Infosys to fix these flaws? Did the government fine them? The Modi-led Government ended up being at the receiving end of the chaos and faults of software implementation in MCA and GSTN.
The new project given to Infosys is worth Rs.4242 crores. It concerns every taxpaying person and is bigger than GSTN and MCA. It would help if the government comes out and transparently reveal the reasons for granting this contract after their continued failures.
The government said on Wednesday said IT major Infosys will develop the next-generation income tax filing system for Rs 4,241.97 crores which will cut down the processing time for returns to one day from the current 63 days and expedite refunds. The Cabinet, chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, gave its "approval to expenditure sanction of Rs 4,241.97 crores for Integrated E-filing and Centralised Processing Centre 2.0 Project of the Income Tax Department", Union minister Piyush Goyal said.
Briefing media about the decision, he said the processing time at present for Income Tax Return (ITR) is 63 days and it will come down to one day after implementation of the project. Goyal said the project is expected to be completed in 18 months and will be launched after three months of testing. Infosys, he said, has been selected to implement the project after the bidding process.
Every player in the IT sector wonders how like a cat always landing on its feet, Infosys manages to bag contract after contract. BJP had no qualms adopting Nilekani's Aadhaar Project, implemented during the Congress regime, even without any proper legislation. What is interesting is that even the Opposition (Congress) is silent on Nilekani's (Nandan Nilekani was Congress candidate in 2014 Lok Sabha elections) firm's failures while executing projects that affect the public at large. Even MSM is soft on Nilekani – could it be because he is running a trust for giving good scholarships to journalists? Nilekani and controversial historian Ramchandra Guha run a trust named as The New India Foundation, which awards good money to many journalists for the past decade.
Sir , when it come to Govt and pvt Indian MNCs , it's a charity and colluded looting . Whether it's DRDO giving subcontract to or other Dept's giving contract companies like like Infosys ,TCS ,L n T, Tech Mahindra, Reliance . If you see contract terms they are very tough and seems like drdo and govt have strict grip only to manage bribe n profit for vendor.
Don't put all your eggs in one basket. If the basket size and its capacity to bear the burden is not an issue. If two or more baskets are used load would be evenly distributed. Can it come under the purview of competition law of India?
In Modi government's parlance it is called "ease of doing business"!!
Even after creating chaos in Company Registry & GSTN, Infosys bags Govt. contract worth Rs.4242 crores for Income Tax processing project. We have under gone pain for six months, call center did not respond and officers were confused to dish our clarifications.But many paid "penalty" for ………..not aware of Infy paying penalty on their disastrous performance bring down the image of the government. Of course NDA-Non disclosure agreement comes into play!!
As on date six crores tax payers are paying taxes.After 18+3 months Infy may catch up with Kapil Sibal's ZERO…….tax payers……!!!
In my experience TCS has a better team than Infy.
I feel that GOI selected Infy on L1…lowest bidder basis.
Bidding is bad. E-tendering is preferable.
Nandan's tom foolery is amazing.
This post has something to say. But doesn't have the data to make complete analysis.
Should have mentioned, who were in Fray, why the lost, how companies make false promise and fail.
On what clauses other bidders were out smarted?
Is there a penalty clause for failing to implement well in time.
These data have to be provided as well.


Home Tags Posts tagged with "unique electric tea kettle"
We included one highly rated ceramic kettle for those who want a more classic look and material for boiling their water. No one likes waiting for water to boil, but these ten electric kettles are making the process faster—and prettier—than we thought. Makes it easy to boil water with attractive, easy-to-use electric kettles. So the pros at Consumer Reports tested six electric tea kettles to find out if they boil water better. Make yourself happy and buy dishes from which your coffee or tea will taste even better. Proper preparation of tea and coffee is very important to have your favorite drink the right taste. The kettle – unique electric tea kettle The element\\\'s resistance (the tendency any material has to stop electricity flowing through it) turns the electrical energy into heat. For an average family of 4 members, a 2 liter capacity is normally sufficient. An electric kettle is an extremely simple appliance. Look inside, and you'll see a container to hold water and a heating element. These convenient kettles utilize a rapid-boil system to heat up water quickly so you can enjoy tea, instant coffee, hot chocolate. Both speedier and safer than heating water in the microwave or on the stovetop, an electric kettle that\\\'s attractive enough to leave out on the counter may just become your most reached-for kitchen appliance. The kettle – unique electric tea kettle . Most users agree that stainless steel kettles are the best, but glass and ceramic kettles are also popular.


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Q: Adding the solution name as base of namespace for all projects So I have this solution in visual studio 2013. Currently the solution tree looks like this:
MySolution
    >MyProjectA
    >MyProjectB
    >MyProjectC

The default is that each class in the project folder has the namespace same as the project folder name.
But I would like that each class in each project folder have a namespace that starts with the solution name. For example if there is a class named MyClass in MyProjectA I want it's namespace to be MySolution.MyProjectA
Is there a way to automatically to this in Visual Studio? I could go and change all the namespaces my self...but I rather would love to see if its possible to do this automatiaclly.

A: In each project's settings, there is a Default Namespace that is used whenever you add new files to a project.  The default value is the project name, but you can customize it.  You can change that and then any new files added will use the desired namespace.
For any existing files, a Find and Replace can provide a relatively quick cleanup (find: namespace MyProjectA -> replace with: namespace MySolution.MyProjectA, only search within current project).

A: Download ReSharper, it has a lot of such features. Install it, after that you just have to rename each project as MySolution.ProjectA,B,C and then right click on the project and select option refactor and then click adjust namespaces. This will do the trick, only thing I see here is that you will need to rename your projects.