Nelson Homer Barbour, (1824-1908) a "Millerite" Adventist born in Toupsville, New York USA, is best known for his association with Charles Taze Russell from 1876 through 1881. After several years of wavering faith following the "Great Disappointment" of 1844 he began to study the Bible with the aid of numerous scholarly works that were newly emerging in the mid-19th century. He published his own work in 1869, entitled Evidences for the Coming of the Lord in 1873, or The Midnight Cry. It went through several editions. Beginning in 1873/4 he started the publication The Midnight Cry but soon after changed its name to Herald of the Morning. Little is known about his private life other than what was printed in the newspaper biography appearing at the bottom of this page.
In late winter/early spring of 1876, Barbour received correspondence from Charles Russell who was on an extended business trip in Philadelphia. Russell had seen a copy of the Herald and was interested in the approach he was taking, and their scriptural viewpoints since they were similar to those discovered by a bible study group Charles T. Russell was Pastor of in Pittsburgh. Russell paid Barbour's way to Philadelphia and the two compared notes, and shared their views with each other: Charles Russell enlightening Nelson Barbour on the nature of Christ's return, the Ransom, and the errors of the creeds; Nelson Barbour, in turn, enlightening Russell regarding the harmony of biblical and prophetic chronology showing that the "harvest" had begun, and that the return of Christ, and the Rapture, were due to occur in 1874.
During their meeting Barbour informed Charles Taze Russell that his readership was dwindling due to the fact that his subscribers were mostly disappointed Adventists who remembered the "Great Disappointment", but were now losing their faith due to the fact certain expectations for the year 1873/4 had not materialized. Russell encouraged Barbour to do all that he could to build his subscription list, and gave him several thousand dollars to begin the workings of a ministry which would result in the printing of the book Three Worlds; or Plan of Redemption in 1877, outlining their mutual viewpoints as of that time, along with The Object and Manner of our Lord's Return written by Russell in 1874 illustrating that Christ returns to bless the earth, not burn it up. Christ is also to return invisibly, as a spirit, since he was resurrected as a spirit, and the Bible informs us that only his true followers would discern his return. The Herald magazine for the entire year of 1877 was divided up as the text of Three Worlds.
When, again, the expectations hoped for did not come to pass, Barbour and numerous other Adventist readers were heart-broken. Although Barbour felt intensely embarrassed and took responsibility for building what he called a "false hope" for his brethren, Russell believed this was an opportunity to figure out what happened. The chronology was correct, therefore there could not be any error in calculation. This meant, to him, that something went wrong with their expectations, and this lead him to carefully reconsider what the scriptures actually say about the 'first resurrection'. Russell concluded that an invisible process had newly begun: as each of the faithful die, they do not sleep in death as those of old, but are immediately changed "in the blinking of an eye" at the moment of their earthly death. Barbour could not accept this reasoning, and attempted to divert his readers attention away from what he considered an error in the chronology. This circumstance lead to doctrinal debates in the pages of the Herald between Barbour, J.H. Paton, and Russell. Charles Russell or John Paton would write an article on some doctrinal point, and Nelson Barbour would add editorial comments, or discount it by an entire article. This went on for a while, until Charles T. Russell withdrew his association with Nelson Barbour, both physically and financially. In July 1879 Charles T. Russell began his own publication, Zion's Watch Tower and Herald of Christ's Presence. The first issue contained a long, detailed supplementary article explaining why he had split from Barbour and why he was starting his own paper. This exceedingly rare supplementary document can be read by clicking here.
After their split, Barbour began to write articles which disputed some of CT Russell's views and claims appearing in the Watch Tower. In 1880 he began to write his opinion about what the symbols of the Jewish Tabernacle meant. Charles Russell was solidly convinced Barbour was in error, and soon wrote Tabernacle Shadows of the Better Sacrifices outlining, in great detail, what he and his study group believed was the true understanding of those symbols. At this point there is no more association between Barbour and Russell.
Nelson H. Barbour was born at Toupsville, three miles from Auburn, N. Y., in 1824. At an early age the family moved to Cobocton, Stueben County, N. Y. From the age of 15 to 18, he attended school at Temple Hill Academy, Genseco, New York; at which place he united with the Methodist Episcopal Church, and began a preparation for the ministry under elder Ferris. Having been brought up among Presbyterians, however, and having an investigating turn of mind, instead of quietly learning Methodist theology he troubled his teacher with questions of election, universal salvation, and many other subjects, until it was politely hinted that he was more likely to succeed in life as a farmer than as a clergyman. But his convictions were strong that he must preach the gospel even if he could not work in any theological harness. And at 19, he began his life work as an independent preacher. Since which, all that is worth reporting in his life is inseparable from his theological growth. He could not believe in an all wise and loving Father, permitting the fall; then leaving man's eternal destiny to a hap-hazard scramble between a luke-warm Church and a zealous devil. On the contrary he believed the fall was permitted for a wise purpose; and that God has a definite plan for man, in which nothing is left to chance or ignorance.
Mr. Barbour believes that what he denominated the present babel of confusion in the churches is the result of false teaching and the literal interpretation of the parables.
The Church of the Strangers was organized in 1879. Mr. Barbour has preached in England, in several Australian colonies, in Canada, and many states of the Union. For the past twenty-two years he has published the Herald of the Morning in this city; claiming that in his 'call' to preach, he confered not with flesh and blood. Nor was he called to convert the world; but independent of creed, to search for the truth 'as it is in Jesus,' the 'second man Adam,' believing that the restored faith is a precurser of the millenium and 'Times of restitution of all things.'"


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Rapid environmental change results in elevated extinction rates and thus poses a major threat to biodiversity. One way in which organisms might respond to these changes – and thus persist into the future – is through adaptive evolution. Our research investigates this possibility by connecting traits related to Darwinian fitness (i.e., survival and reproductive success) with their underlying genetic architecture in relevant ecological scenarios. The extent to which evolution is predictable is a major unresolved question in biology, and crucial for understanding how populations will evolve in response to rapidly changing environmental conditions. Although natural selection is a deterministic process, the predictability of evolution might be limited because the ecological sources of selection and the genetic basis of adaptation can be complex. Our research combines a variety of approaches and study systems to help understand this complexity. We generate and test hypotheses about the predictability of evolution through a combination of ecological field transplant experiments, molecular biology, genomics, and computational biology. Our main study systems are threespine stickleback fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus), deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus), and anolis lizards (A. sagrei and A. carolinensis), but we sometimes work with other organisms too (such as bacteria, Galapagos finches, or Heliconius butterflies). We aim to quantify the contributions of genome-wide genetic variation to fitness, and to understand the ecological and evolutionary forces that have shaped these patterns of variation between individuals, populations, and closely related species.
You can find code that we have developed for our research on our lab GitHub page here.
You can click on an organism below to see photos of our fieldwork.


Discussion in 'Plant Fertilizers' started by danhutchins, Apr 19, 2017.
Was wondering if one would need to dose more Fertilizer if the amount of plants are high or for larger plants? I have been using the recommended dose on the bottle but my plants don't seem to be getting what they need. I have an Amazon sword and some water Sprite also have micranthemum Monte Carlo floating. But nothing seems to be happening. I have two 40 watt 18000k bulbs and two 23 watt 65000k bulbs so Im sure lighting is not a problem. I'm using organic potting soil as substrate toped with aquarium sand. Just want plants to grow. They don't look bad they are green just not growing. Any advice would be greatly appreciated.
I know its not heavily planted now but just looking for advice on if it were and also why these plants are not growing.
Sorry you haven't gotten any replies.
Are you sure your bulb is 18000K? That seems abnormally high, usually you want 6000-8000 K for plants. And I don't think 65000K exists haha. What are they? LEDs? T5s? CFLs?
If you have more plants more ferts are necessary, but as you say, you don't really have that many. And which fert is it exactly?
The guy has two suns as his tank light haha.
Even without ferts, if he has some potting soil I would expect plants to grow. Maybe he just added them recently and they were adapting to their new environment.
I have 2 18000k t-8 bulbs im looking at the box it came in one is an aqua glo and one is a power glo. I also had2 6500k. Seems to me you knew what i was talking about typos happen, no need to poke fun if you don't know don't answer. I don't go to your posts and make fun of them. Although i could.
Don't reply if you can't answer.
I have had these plants for about2 months and they look identical to when i purchased them, no new growth.
Sorry I think you're being unnecessarily rude. I was not poking fun, nor was I sure that it was a typo. I didn't want to assume without giving you a chance to explain. No need to tell people not to reply, this is a public forum and both Beanfish and I were trying to help. He offered a very reasonable suggestion, that your plants were newly planted. This turned out to not be the case but it could've been.
Since light doesn't seem to be your limiting factor, what ferts are you dosing specifically? Any CO2 additives?
Wasn't being rude. The jabs about having two suns as lighting and the hahaha's are what's rude. I dose liquid co2 following directions on bottle along with leaf zone and flourish. I follow all directions and can't figure out why there is no new growth.
Have been doing a lot of reading and i think i know what the issues is. Apparently i have been doing water changes at the wrong time of day (during photo period) i have found a few posts on other forums that say to do water changes before the lights go on or after they go out. Does this seem reasonable?
In my experience,liquid ferts will make the leaves look nice and green, but if there isn't much fertilizer in the substrate, they won't take on much size for quite a while.
Im using organic potting soil. Read that it is great for aquarium plants. Its topped with aquarium sand. There should be a good amount of ferts there. Wondering if the water changes are the issue im currently doing them after the lights come on so maybe wait till they go out? I read a couple posts on another forum that says to do this but not to sure how reasonable it is. Will give it a shot for a few weeks to find out.
So, I have come to the conclusion that doing water changes after photo period is just ridiculous. Found some of my fish nibbling on the plants and now I'm sure this is why they seem as though they are not growing. Time to re-home.
What fish? Most live-bearers will eat algae from the leafs... My Mollys still nibble leafs around even when there is no visible algae. As long as there is no damage done the fish aren't the fault.
Not sure what the names of the fish are that are in question because I have had them so long but will upload a picture of them.
also have an angel, high fin catfish, eal and Cory cats but have only ever seen the ones in the pic attacking the plants.
Have never looked at a fish like that lol. Maybe you can ask for an ID on here, knowing what exactly he is will help you rehome it too.
Question Liquid Fertilizer During Cycling Process?


Once again digging deep into its musical treasure trove is Brighton imprint Hive Mind Records, who, after posthumously releasing a stunning vinyl ode to the late Morrocan singer and guimbri master Maalem Mahmoud Gania, now return with a 30-minute cassette tribute to fellow Moroccan legend Moulay Ahmed El Hassani.
Originally hailing from Béni-Mellal in the mid-Atlas, El Hassani went on to release more than 50 albums over the past 30 years. A master of the electric guitar he is known to produce cosmic fields of sound, psychedelic in nature and beautiful in form.
You can listen to the compilation via the SoundCloud player above and make sure to follow the Hive Mind fam, while you're at it.


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Cet article présente les douze épisodes de la septième et dernière saison de la série télévisée américaine Nurse Jackie.

Synopsis

Infirmière au sein des urgences d'un hôpital new-yorkais assez difficile, Jackie a du mal à équilibrer sa vie professionnelle agitée et sa vie personnelle désastreuse. Obstinée et brillante, elle se bat pour affronter les cas les plus difficiles. Seulement pour pouvoir supporter physiquement tous ces tracas quotidiens, elle consomme plusieurs médicaments et est notamment dépendante au Vicodin.

Acteurs

Acteurs principaux
 Edie Falco (VF : Anne Jolivet) : Jackie Peyton, infirmière
 Merritt Wever (VF : Catherine Desplaces) : Zoey Barkow, infirmière stagiaire de Jackie
 Paul Schulze (VF : Pierre-François Pistorio) : Eddie Walzer, pharmacien et amant de Jackie
 Peter Facinelli (VF : Sébastien Desjours) :  « Coop » Cooper, docteur en manque de reconnaissance
 Anna Deavere Smith (VF : Julie Carli) : , chef du personnel
 Dominic Fumusa (VF : Mathieu Buscatto) : Kevin Peyton, ex-mari de Jackie

Acteurs récurrents
   : Grace Peyton, fille de Jackie
 Mackenzie Aladjem (VF : Jeanne Orsat) : Fiona Peyton, fille de Jackie
   : Thor Lundgren, infirmier
 Eve Best :

Liste des épisodes
 Clean (Clean)
 Marchés conclus (Deal)
 Le Parrain (Godfathering)
 Des femmes charmantes (Nice Ladies)
 Au revoir Coop (Coop Out)
 Sauvez All Saints (High Noon)
 Dernier Deal (Are You with Me, Doctor Wu?)
 Transfert (Managed Care)
 Sacerdoce (Serviam in Caritate)
 Envers et Contre tout (Jackie and the Wolf)
 Super-héros (Vigilante Jones)
 Priez pour moi (I Say a Little Prayer)

Notes et références

7

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Every day you either get better or you get worse, you never stay the same. What have you done today?
PLAYMAKER TRAINING
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How Germany rEbuilt itself, can America copy?
As the first round of the 2016 European Championships are upon us, one of the games I was most excited to watch during the opening weekend was the German National Team opener against the Ukraine. Recently, I read the book "Das Reboot: How German Soccer Reinvented Itself and Conquered The World." I collected some of the most interesting highlights of the book that I found can help in our development of youth players in America.
Belgium Double Pass System and how it changed the Bundesliga Clubs
Today, Double Pass (via its subsidiary Foot Pass) judges the clubs performance centers on 250 criteria, ranging from infrastructure (minimum requirements of four training pitches, including one made of Astro Turf) to personnel (at least one sporting director with a UEFA A-level license, a minimum of two coaches with a UEFA Pro license, at least on A-level coach, one goalkeeping coach, two physiotherapists), performance diagnostics and the adoption of a uniform philosophy or blueprint throughout the club. Their ratings system follows that of Michelin - three stars signify educational excellence.
In the initial ratings period, 2007-9, seven Bundesliga clubs were awarded three stars by Foot Pass, the top mark. By 2011, eleven top-flight clubs were rated excellent, and in the latest round of testing (2014), fifteen out of eighteen Bundesliga clubs were awarded three stars. A bonus star is available for performance centers which produce a high number of first team players.
I had to lead with this because the United States just formed a partnership with the Double Pass System to rate all of its Boys Development Academy clubs. I truly cannot wait for this to take place in our countries clubs, as I think it will make a huge difference. Belgium, Germany, and most recently England have partnered with the Belgian firm.
Struggling to score goals
At the World Cup in South Africa, Germany had converted 37.2 percent of their goalscoring opportunities, more than a third. That figure had fallen to 28.6 percent at Euro 2012. Germany had needed thirty-five chances to score ten goals in that competition....
Specifically devised training exercises in South Tyrol were supposed to encourage quicker, more decisive shooting. The players were made to score under pressure, in internal competitions, and with a shot clock running. Bierhoff: "When you do something on a daily basis, it becomes a habit and part of your mentality. We had seen before how dangerous it was to play without that final bit of determination to score that goal at all costs.
Finishing is a mentality. Goal scoring is a mentality. Bierhoff said it best. PlayMaker Training focuses on the training habits of players. Repetition breeds success. Good habits breeds success. PlayMaker Training breeds successful players.
Das Reboot on Thomas Muller
"Muller was to describe what constituted 'a team' as part of his homework. 'Togetherness', 'always fighting' and 'don't grumble if a teammate makes a mistake' were Muller's answers.
'Its not easy to find somebody who plays this strangely,' Muller said of his own positional vagueness. 'I'm not great at following orders, I follow my instinct, it's something deep inside.'
But Low had found thatt he could once again rely on Muller's sixth sense in Brazil. In him, he had a player who never stopped running ('He did a great job up front,' Low said, 'he kept on creating openings for others') and hassling defenders until they lost the ball or their head or both. He never got injured, and, most importantly, he never seemed to feel any pressure. Low: 'He has the unbelievable quality to never choke or show a nervous reaction in front of goal.'
No question Thomas Muller is one of the top players in the world. Numerous times I have watched him and he always would make runs that I didn't even think could be made. Sometimes, players need to be able to play with their intuition. Too often, coaches tell players what NOT to do. If a center back has space to dribble, they should dribble. Players need to learn what they are capable of, whether that's their 1v1 ability, how far they can test a goalkeeper, or making a run where the odds of getting the ball are slim to none.
Das Reboot on Jurgen Klinsmann
'Are you prepared to suffer to reach the ultimate target? Are you ready to run up and down the pitch once more, fifteen minutes into extra-time? Do you completely identify with your task, are you prepared to sacrifice yourself for the team? Or will you only give 90 percent?' These were not just questions for professional athletes, he says. 'I've always been fascinated by people who find satisfaction through total commitment in their jobs. They could be bakers, painters, or footballers. The painter who comes up with a new color he's truly proud of is as happy as the striker scoring goals. Maybe even happier.'
Football, he believes, remains a 'player-driven game.' Americans sometimes find that hard to understand, Klinsmann says, because most team sports are considered coaching-driven there. 'You'll often see players look to the coach for direction. But football doesn't work like that, because it's too fluid. You need players to take charge.'
Total commitment in their jobs. Total commitment in their development. Players of all ages, at the end of the day, develop themselves. Their commitment level dictates how far they go as a player.
Football/Soccer doesn't have timeouts. They don't have a particular offensive play that you can run. The game is fluid. The game does not stop. This is why having a player first mentality in terms of player development is vital. Is your club developing teams? Or are they developing players? Players must come first, team success will follow.
Sami Khedira on being a PRO
A key moment in his career was turning up late for the team bus as a teenager and being left stranded. He's been punctual ever since, a fully-paid up defender of the Swabian work ethic. 'You'll never get beyond a certain level as a professional athlete if you're sloppy,' he said. When a serious knee injury at eighteen threatened his career, he read books about leaders in business and politics in order to find the secret of inner strength. 'Successful people have similar strategies. Success always starts in the head.'
You wonder why he is a top player in the world. Again, at the end of the day, the best players develop themselves. DO NOT RELY ON A COACH OR A CLUB TO DEVELOP YOU.
Joachim Low's Training Style
The sessions mostly consisted of short passing games. We had to keep the ball on the ground. Jogi would say it incessantly.: 'I don't want any high and long balls. It's much easier to do something with the ball if you keep it on the ground.'
With Germany, though, the training games would be stopped every time someone played a long ball. Every single time. There were clear instructions to build from the back, through the two center backs and midfield, and then to move out as a team. Jogi didn't stand for it if somebody didn't follow that plan. Eventually, playing that way becomes second nature to you.
Teams were most susceptible straight after losing the ball. We concentrated on those moments of transition. It was imperative that we all moved up as a unit, it was just as important as all of us coming back to defend. Those drills were being repeated again and again.
No coincidence that he's now been in charge of Germany for 10 years now. He was adamant at getting these players to play his way. It's worked.
There was, however, as Schott is keen to point out, no comprehensive master plan for the technical education of Ozil, Gotze etc. 'Some people felt that we should provide a full, binding curriculum of lessons to be taught at the academies. Others said the coaches should be given free rein to allow for individualism and prevent everyone doing exactly the same thing. Those were the two extreme positions. We met in the middle. We came up with a framework of basic objectives that should be met, without being dogmatic. I don't think that was very important, though. The biggest, most decisive effect resulted from the increase of full-time professional youth coaches. In 2000, we had about a hundred, FA and clubs combined. Today, there are four hundred- four hundred licensed coaches who do nothing else but to think about coaching youngsters football every single day. We provide them with platforms of regular meetings, for the exchange of ideas. As they get better and improve, so does their training and the players they develop.'
'The football that is being played today has nothing to do with different training plans for a "more modern football."' Schott reiterates. 'It's simply due to talented players at eighteen, nineteen or twenty having enjoyed between 50 and 100 percent more training sessions in their lives than those who came into the league at the same age fifteen years ago. Elite youngsters trained three, at most four times a week. Now it's six to nine times a week, with full-time professionals who don't just happen to know football but can also teach it.
The biggest, most eye-catching day-to-day change on practice pitches Kersting can attest to is the prevalence of individualized drills: 'Footballers spend nearly as much time on the ball by themselves now as playing with the team.'
These three points are vital. Too many "clubs" still have father coaches or volunteer coaches. It's time that there are more full time coaches that only coach soccer. In Buffalo, New York specifically, there needs to be more clubs that employ full time coaches if it wants to become the next American soccer hotbed.
The amount of training isn't even close to good enough on the world stage. Our highest boys level, the Development Academy, mandates 3 training sessions a week. Germany did that when they were failing. Now they are training 6-9 times a week. Impossible for American clubs to provide that. That's why outside training is needed. Hence, PlayMaker Training.
The last point is all I care about. The player on the ball. They dictate the game. If they take care of it, we have a chance to win. If they are careless with it, we have a chance to lose the game. Simple.
Foreigners coming into the system and taking spots from German youth players.
The German FA were initially worried that the clubs would fill their academies with foreign teenagers. They therefore imposed a minimum quota of twelve Germans in any class of twenty. In practice, their fears have proved unfounded. 'Ninety-five percent of all academy players are eligible to play for Germany.' says Schott. It's telling that Bayern Munich, the country's wealthiest and most successful club, stopped scouting for youngsters in South America altogether in 2011, opting to concentrate on the talent coming through on their own doorstep, in Bavaria, instead.
Two-thirds of all Bundesliga professionals were German in 2013-2014, and more of them than ever before were native youngsters. Sixteen percent of U21 players were on the pitch that season. In 200-01 that figure was 8 percent.
Imagine if the MLS would adopt a rule that said that their rosters must consist a certain percentage of American players. We probably wouldn't have an MLS. Also, how many U21 American players are currently playing in the MLS?
Soccer training in the 21st Century and beyond
'Finding new ways to improve a team has become more difficult. But it is possible.' Future increases in the playing tempo are more likely to come from quicker minds than quicker feet, he says. At his clubs, the emphasis has thus shifted yet again, to cognitive training and the optimization of thought process through video analysis and special video games. 'The biggest untapped potential lies withing the footballer's brain,' says Rangnick. 'To get better in the modern game translates into taking in things more quickly, analysing them more quickly, deciding more quickly, acting more quickly. We need to increase the memory space and the processing pace.'
Speed of thought, rather than speed of play. That's soccer.
A lot of great content in that book. As you watch Germany play during this summers European Championships, realize that it was a long process. One in which they first realized that there was a problem in what they were doing, and they clearly took the appropriate steps in fixing the problem. Enjoy the 2016 Euros!
I consider myself a soccer teacher. Not a soccer coach. Many coaches will tell a player what to do, when to do it, and where to do it. My focus is to give each of my players the WHY.
Jason on Medium

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


"Hairspray," by Rachel Sweet, from Hairspray Despite its many iterations — musical, movie musical, live televised musical — John Waters' original version of Hairspray, released in 1988, remains the best. Now, I'm a fan of musicals, and I'll admit the Tony-winning Broadway version is pretty damned solid, with opening number, "Good Morning Baltimore," being the best of the bunch. I'll even cut some slack to "You Can't Stop the Beat," despite it being almost insipidly cloying. That said, Waters' film is just so perfectly bizarre and fun and joyous, with a perfect selection of Cameo Parkway R&B sides soundtracking everything.


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Mia Sydow Mölleby (nascida a 27 de outubro de 1960) é uma política sueca. Ela serve como membro do Riksdag em representação do círculo eleitoral do Condado de Örebro.

Nascidos em 1960
Pessoas vivas
Políticos da Suécia


r making this cake light and moist in texture. A Nutella and chocolate icing strewn with chopped almonds or hazelnuts is the crowning glory of this decadent and absolutely scrumptious cake. A must try if you are a chocolate lover.
Whip the eggs until creamy. Slowly add the sugar and vanilla and mix well.
Add the crushed nuts, flour, cocoa powder, and yeast. Beat until smooth. At the end, add the oil and wáter and mix well.
This is the most decadent cake I have ever had. I have to try not to make it too much because I always have a big slice with fresh whipped cream, and it is terrible for my diet. Chocolate lovers have to try this cake though. The chopped hazelnuts and drizzled chocolate on top are better than any icing I have ever made. If you want to try something a little different, you can turn this cake in to cake pops.


For those of you born this September, your birthstone is the deep blue sapphire. This stone is considered to be the gem of all gems and is one of the four most precious stones in the world. The sapphire is believed to bring protection, good fortune, and spiritual insight to its owner.
Celebrities celebrating a birthday along with you this month include Pippa Middleton (September 6), Evan Rachel Wood (September 7), Emmy Rossum (September 12), Naomi Watts (September 28), and Marion Cotillard (September 30). Below, you'll find the best jewelry pieces and sapphire-colored gifts to ensure this year's birthday will be a special one.


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Public Health Research at Otago
Rangahau Hauora Tūmatanui o Ōtākou
Health services and systems
Housing and communities
Study Public Health at Otago
Research on health services and systems in New Zealand, and beyond, is a major strength in the Division of Health Sciences at the University of Otago.
Visit the listings of our research groups below, or check out our featured projects.
Featured research projects
The Burden of Disease Epidemiology, Equity and Cost-Effectiveness Programme (BODE3)
Cancer and Chronic Conditions (C3) research group
Centre for Health Systems and Technology
Centre for International Health
Centre for Pacific Health
Community Pharmacy Demonstration Project
D4 Network
Healthier Lives National Science Challenge
HIV: The lived experience
Hospital Healthcare Performance
Mental Health Research at Otago
National Centre for Lifecourse Research
New Zealand National Poisons Centre
New Zealand Pharmacovigilance Centre
Ngaī Tahu Māori Health Research Unit
Otago Global Health Institute (OGHI)
Pacific Health Research at Otago
Prostitution Law Reform Study
Sir John Walsh Research Institute for Oral Health
Te Rōpū Rangahau Hauora A Eru Pōmare
Virtual Health Information Network
The Burden of Disease Epidemiology, Equity and Cost-Effectiveness Programme has an aim to build capacity and academic rigour in New Zealand in the estimation of disease burden, cost-effectiveness and equity impacts of proposed interventions, and undertake a range of such assessments. It is a Health Research Council (HRC) funded programme, from 2010 to 2015. Major collaborative partners include the University of Queensland and the Ministry of Health.
Email hilary.day@otago.ac.nz
Web otago.ac.nz/wellington/publichealth/research/bode3
The Cancer and Chronic Conditions (C3) research group is a collaborative group of researchers working at the interface between public health, health services research, and clinical medicine. Our work includes a range of projects aimed at reducing the impact of cancer and chronic conditions on population health and health inequalities through policy and health system change.
Email jason.gurney@otago.ac.nz
Web otago.ac.nz/wellington/publichealth/research/cancercontrol
The Centre for Health Systems and Technology (CHeST) has a particular focus on the applied end of health system and technology research, supporting the translation of research into practice.
CHeST's five core themes:
Health System Architecture, Management, and Performance
Health Quality, Safety, and Community Engagement
Email chest@otago.ac.nz
Web otago.ac.nz/healthsystems
The Centre for International Health facilitates and promotes research to contribute to the understanding and improvement of health in under-resourced countries, and focuses on postgraduate training and strategic mentorship of leaders.
Email cih@otago.ac.nz
Web otago.ac.nz/internationalhealth
The Centre for Pacific Health is home to a dedicated team of Pacific and non-Pacific researchers working in areas of importance to Pacific communities in New Zealand and internationally.
Pacific health is a holistic concept that encompasses broader ideas on well-being to encompass physical, mental, and spiritual aspects. With more than 20 different cultures captured under the umbrella of 'Pacific', there are unique approaches to health that mean health care, health systems and health services can be enriched with further understanding of Pacific-specific approaches to health.
Email centre.pacifichealth@otago.ac.nz
Web otago.ac.nz/centre-pacific-health
Here at the Christchurch Heart Institute we help save thousands of lives through research into improved diagnosis, better prediction and advanced treatments for heart disease. Our team of internationally-renowned experts directly play a role in increasing the survival of New Zealanders with heart disease.
Our research focus:
New blood tests for heart attack diagnosis and prognosis
Using new methods for treating heart failure and improving outcomes
Understanding the genetics of heart disease; why heart disease runs in some families
Email paula.deroeper@otago.ac.nz
Web otago.ac.nz/chch-heart-institute
A team based in Public Health has been contracted to conduct an evaluation of a recent demonstration site initiative being conducted in some community pharmacies in Canterbury. The goal of the new model operating in the demonstration pharmacies is to enable pharmacists to better utilise their extensive expertise in medicines management to support patients in the safe and effective use of medicines.
Email publichealth.uoc@otago.ac.nz
Web otago.ac.nz/populationhealth/otago049052.html
D4—Diagnostics, Drugs, Devices and Discovery focuses on translational research for improving care.
Research focus:
Creating novel point-of-care diagnostics and devices enabling targeted and selective treatments
Developing smart drug delivery systems and devices to improve and optimise therapy
Drug discovery for innovative treatments
The network draws together the disciplines of bioengineering, pharmaceutical science and drug discovery with an emphasis on collaborating with commerce and industry.
Email joel.tyndall@otago.ac.nz
Web otago.ac.nz/d4
The Healthier Lives National Science Challenge is a national research collaboration dedicated to achieving healthier lives for all New Zealanders.
We are working on the prevention and treatment of four of New Zealand's main non-communicable diseases.
Disease focus:
Our mission is to deliver the right prevention to the right population and the right treatment to the right patient. We plan to do this in partnership with stakeholders and communities by generating world class research, and translating our research findings into innovative health policy, practice, and technology, designed for New Zealand's unique communities.
Email healthier.lives@otago.ac.nz
Web healthierlives.co.nz
This research is conducted within the Department of Population Health, University of Otago, Christchurch. It explores the intersections between the experience of living with HIV, aging and social isolation in Canterbury across time to inform planning for service delivery models.
Research suggests that people are living longer with HIV and therefore as a group are getting older; more people are being diagnosed with HIV later in life; and there has been a trend in geographical movement of people living with HIV/AIDS from cities to rural areas. These factors all have an impact on access to support and health services.
Email gillian.abel@otago.ac.nz
This project will adapt and apply new outcome measures and modern statistical approaches to evaluating hospital performance in New Zealand. As well as providing information on variability and trends in in-patient outcomes and hospital-level predictors of these outcomes, this project will provide the statistical basis for a sophisticated system for analysis and monitoring of hospital outcomes. A particular focus of this project is the identification of aspects of hospital organisation and working environment which may be related to patient outcomes.
Mental health is a broad and complex issue facing New Zealanders – and a research strength of the University of Otago. This website brings together our investigators and teams contributing to New Zealand's research achievement in the field of mental health.
Explore our mental health research:
Alphabetical listing of our mental health research
Māori and Pacific mental health
Mental health risk factors
Population mental health and health services
Email healthsciences.research@otago.ac.nz
Web otago.ac.nz/mental-health-research
National Centre for Lifecourse Research (NCLR)
The aim of the National Centre for Lifecourse Research is to build collaborations via research and policy translation nationally and internationally.
The NCLR and partners have a long history of conducting world-leading lifecourse research.
Research fields:
Research on human development aimed at informing policy and practice
Intervention research: Assessing the impact of programmes and interventions on people's lives
Email moana.theodore@otago.ac.nz
Web otago.ac.nz/nclr
The New Zealand National Poisons Centre (NZNPC) answers enquiries both from health professionals and from the general public concerning acute poisoning and the toxic effects of chemicals, drugs, poisonous plants, poisonous insects and marine animals. The 24-hour telephone number is 0800 POISON (0800 764-766). The NPC also maintains an extensive database (TOXINZ) that contains information and treatment guidelines for the management of poisoned patients. The database contains some 200,000 listed chemical products, pharmaceuticals, plants and hazardous creatures. It has New Zealand specific trade names, household products, plant and animal species.
Email poisons@otago.ac.nz
Web poisons.co.nz
The New Zealand Pharmacovigilance Centre (previously known as CARM) was established in 1965 for the purpose of monitoring adverse reactions occurring in patients to medicines marketed in New Zealand.
Email nzphvc@otago.ac.nz
Web nzphvc.otago.ac.nz
Ngāi Tahu Māori Health Research Unit
The Ngāi Tahu Māori Health Research Unit is a partnership between Te Runanga o Ngāi Tahu and the Dunedin School of Medicine of the University of Otago. The Unit collects, collates, interprets and publishes information, data and statistics on Māori health issues.
Email emma.wyeth@otago.ac.nz
Web otago.ac.nz/dsm/ngaitahu
We aim to improve global health and save lives, by identifying and evaluating solutions to important health problems in low-resource settings.
We work to address the world's most pressing health problems through research collaborations with low- and middle-income countries, and with disadvantaged groups in New Zealand.
We draw upon New Zealand's unique connections with Asia and the Pacific. Our extensive international partnerships and cross-disciplinary collaborations enable us to carry out innovative and rigorous research to advance global health.
Email jacqui.hadingham@otago.ac.nz
Web otago.ac.nz/global-health
Talofa lava, kia orana, malo e lelei, fakaalofa lahi atu, bula vinaka, malo ni, halo ola keta, mauri, fakatalofa atu, and warm Pacific greetings!
We're celebrating our Pacific health research in the Division of Health Sciences.
Learn about what's going on in Pacific health research, how we can support researchers, and where to start if you're excited about research.
Email pirssu@otago.ac.nz
Web otago.ac.nz/pacific-health-research
While sex work is no longer illegal, we have no idea if and how the Prostitution Reform Act (PRA) (2003) has informed social work practice with sex workers. We will explore the extent to which social workers are aware of the legal rights afforded to sex workers, and the extent to which young people under the age of 18 involved in sex work are affected by the legislation.
The School of Pharmacy has a very active research programme with disciplines ranging from science to humanities with each having a strong contextual link to health sciences.
Clinical Pharmacy: concerned with patient care and the optimisation of medicine use in order to promote health and wellness, and prevent disease.
Pharmaceutical Sciences: drug discovery, drug metabolism and drug action to extend the range of drugs available and to provide a scientific basis for the quality use of medicines and bioactive substances.
Email pharmacy.research@otago.ac.nz
Web otago.ac.nz/pharmacy/research
We advance research and increase knowledge for the improvement of oral health in New Zealand. Our research aims are to develop clinical research that translates discoveries into measurable health benefits, and to maintain fundamental research that underpins our teaching. From the molecular level through biological systems to the health of populations, our research is improving oral health in New Zealand.
Email sjwri.admin@otago.ac.nz
Web otago.ac.nz/sjwri
Te Rōpū Rangahau Hauora a Eru Pōmare strives to create a Kaupapa Māori space committed to improving Māori health outcomes and eliminating inequalities through quality science and ongoing theoretical development. It takes a rights-based approach consistent with the Treaty of Waitangi, and is engaged with community through a spectrum of influence from community development, policy advocacy, research dissemination and Māori health research workforce development.
Email bridget.robson@otago.ac.nz
Web otago.ac.nz/wellington/publichealth/research/erupomare
The Virtual Health Information Network (VHIN) supports high value and high quality research from linked data, frequently using the StatsNZ Integrated Data Infrastructure (IDI). The VHIN is a network of researchers, analysts and professionals who share and collaborate to use health and social data and generate insights to improve the health and well-being of all New Zealanders. The VHIN aims to build capacity and capability.
Code sharing
Email: vhin@otago.ac.nz
Web: vhin.co.nz
Building partnerships... not silos
Better integration is one of the key issues facing health care globally, but the challenge is how to bring health professionals, researchers and the community together.
Big data for big problems
With the ability to link health, social and economic data, the Virtual Health Information Network is helping researchers and decision-makers gain maximum benefit from the information contained within New Zealand's big data assets.
Singapore Collaboration
A well-established research connection between the Christchurch Heart Institute and the National University of Singapore is enabling innovative work with significant global implications, changing the way heart failure is viewed from one part of the world to another.
The Centre for International Health plays a significant role in projects in Africa, Asia and the Pacific, with partners from across the University and collaborators from around the globe, addressing some of the most pressing health issues facing the developing world.
Dynamic delivery
Estimating disease burden, cost-effectiveness and equity impacts of health sector interventions.
Dr Suetonia Palmer is sorting the wheat from the chaff.
^ Top of pag
© Public Health Research at Otago
Tel 64 3 479 3076


For the first time ever, I got up close to a blue heron. And then, it flew away.
Which is pretty much what is happening in this blog. I got in close and now I gotta fly.
There was time to write in the past weeks– but this weekend things went a bit bonky and there simply wasn't a moment for me to sink in. Not an issue except I want to keep showing up, I want to fulfill this attempt to write every day of November.
It's just that some days? I can't do it all. Plus, I just dashed THIS out this morning.
So feeling a bit out of things to share unless of course you want to hear all about the laundry I'm about to run.
Tomorrow I hit the road to Philadelphia to hang with the fam for Thanksgiving. Dogs love a road trip, me– not so much, but I am looking forward to stuff I just can't get up here real hoagies and soft pretzels among other things.


IN 4 Training offers RPL and refresher training for the mining supervisor course also known as S123.
Ability to apply to the mine site senior executive to be appointed as a supervisor at that mine.
RPL or Refresher pre requisite.
There is no pre requisites for the full course.
Candidates will be assessed through written questioning and providing evidence for example.
Class room: 1 x 9 hour day face-to-face training.
Supervised workplace testing and activities: 18 hours in a fortnight period.
Candidates will be assessed through questioning, projects, case scenarios, reports, skills assessment, observation in the workplace.
This course is required by the coal mining regulations s84 to be refreshed at least once every 5 years.
We look forward to seeing you again for your next refresher.


Williams Wilkie Collins, named for his father, painter William Collins, and godfather, Sir David Wilkie, was born in the Marylebone district of London on January 8, 1824. He and his family lived in Italy and France for two years, then he returned to England to attend boarding school. After leaving school in 1841, he worked for a tea merchant, but disliked the job immensely. He began to write stories and in 1850, after his father died, he published his first, The Memoirs of the Life of William Collins, Esq., R.A. It received good reviews, so he continued to write, ultimately publishing thirty books, over one hundred articles, a dozen plays, and numerous short stories.
By all reports, Collins lived against the social mores of the time. Rather than adhere to the strict Victorian code, he ate and drank to excess, wore flamboyant clothing, and formed long-term relationships with two women he didn't marry, one of whom bore him three children. He also suffered from ill-health and took opium as a result, which he ultimately became addicted to.
Over the years, The Moonstone has found its way into radio, film, and television adaptations, the most recent one in 2016 by the BBC. Check your public library, they are sure to have a copy of this classic.
I love those "vintage" books! I listened to "The Moonstone" on Librivox.com years ago. I should find it and listen again. :D Thanks for sharing those biographical details!
Glad you enjoyed the post, and thanks for stopping by. I love the "vintage" writers too - Hammett, Chandler, Greene, etc.


Renee is a very healthy, delightful 8 year old girl. She underwent echocardiogram and was found to have mild Pulmonary Valve Insufficiency. Since then she has been in good health even though she tires easily.


text:
require 'optparse'
require 'securerandom'

require_relative '../../../util'

def create_native_creatives(realtimebidding, options)
  parent = "buyers/#{options[:account_id]}"

  body = Google::Apis::RealtimebiddingV1::Creative.new(
      advertiser_name: options[:advertiser_name],
      creative_id: options[:creative_id],
      declared_attributes: options[:declared_attributes],
      declared_click_through_urls: options[:declared_click_urls],
      declared_resricted_categories: options[:declared_restricted_categories],
      declared_vendor_ids: options[:declared_vendor_ids],
      native: Google::Apis::RealtimebiddingV1::NativeContent.new(
          headline: options[:native_headline],
          body: options[:native_body],
          call_to_action: options[:native_call_to_action],
          advertiser_name: options[:native_advertiser_name],
          image: Google::Apis::RealtimebiddingV1::Image.new(
              url: options[:native_image_url],
              height: options[:native_image_height],
              width: options[:native_image_width]
          ),
          logo: Google::Apis::RealtimebiddingV1::Image.new(
              url: options[:native_logo_url],
              height: options[:native_logo_height],
              width: options[:native_logo_width]
          ),
          click_link_url: options[:native_click_link_url],
          click_tracking_url: options[:native_click_tracking_url]
      )
  )

  puts "Creating native creative for buyer account '#{parent}'"

  creative = realtimebidding.create_buyer_creative(parent, creative_object=body)
  print_creative(creative)
end

if __FILE__ == $0
  begin
    # Retrieve the service used to make API requests.
    service = get_service()
  rescue ArgumentError => e
    raise 'Unable to create service, with error message: #{e.message}'
  rescue Signet::AuthorizationError => e
    raise 'Unable to create service, was the KEY_FILE in util.rb set? Error message: #{e.message}'
  end

  # Set options and default values for fields used in this example.
  options = [
    Option.new(
      'account_id',
      'The resource ID of the buyers resource under which the creatives were created, This will be used to construct '\
      'the name used as a path parameter for the creatives.get request.',
      type: Integer, short_alias: 'a', required: true, default_value: nil
    ),
    Option.new(
      'creative_id',
      'The user-specified creative ID. The maximum length of the creative ID is 128 bytes.',
      short_alias: 'c', required: false, default_value: "Native_Creative_#{SecureRandom.uuid}"
    ),
    Option.new(
      'advertiser_name', 'The name of the company being advertised in the creative.', required: false,
      default_value: 'Test'
    ),
    Option.new(
      'declared_attributes', 'The creative attributes being declared. Specify each attribute separated by a comma.',
      required: false, type: Array, default_value: ['NATIVE_ELIGIBILITY_ELIGIBLE']
    ),
    Option.new(
      'declared_click_urls', 'The click-through URLs being declared. Specify each URL separated by a comma.',
      required: false, type: Array, default_value: ['http://test.com']
    ),
    Option.new(
      'declared_restricted_categories',
      'The restricted categories being declared. Specify each category separated by a comma.',
      required: false, type: Array, default_value: []
    ),
    Option.new(
      'declared_vendor_ids', 'The vendor IDs being declared. Specify each ID separated by a space.',
      required: false, type: Array, default_value: []
    ),
    Option.new('native_headline', 'A short title for the ad.', required: false, default_value: 'Luxury Mars Cruises'),
    Option.new(
      'native_body', 'A long description of the ad.', required: false,
      default_value: 'Visit the planet in a luxury spaceship.'
    ),
    Option.new(
      'native_call_to_action', 'A label for the button that the user is supposed to click.', required: false,
      default_value: 'Book today'
    ),
    Option.new(
      'native_advertiser_name', 'The name of the advertiser or sponsor, to be displayed in the ad creative',
      required: false, default_value: 'Galactic Luxury Cruises'
    ),
    Option.new(
      'native_image_url', 'The URL of the large image to be included in the native ad.', required: false,
      default_value: 'https://native.test.com/image?id=123456'
    ),
    Option.new(
      'native_image_height', 'The height in pixels of the native ad\'s large image.', required: false,
      default_value: 627
    ),
    Option.new(
      'native_image_width', 'The width in pixels of the native ad\'s large image.', required: false,
      default_value: 1200
    ),
    Option.new(
      'native_logo_url', 'The URL of a smaller image to be included in the native ad.', required: false,
      default_value: 'https://native.test.com/logo?id=123456'
    ),
    Option.new(
      'native_logo_height', 'The height in pixels of the native ad\'s smaller image.', required: false,
      default_value: 100
    ),
    Option.new(
      'native_logo_width', 'The width in pixels of the native ad\'s smaller image.', required: false,
      default_value: 100
    ),
    Option.new(
      'native_click_link_url', 'The URL that the browser/SDK will load when the user clicks the ad.', required: false,
      default_value: 'https://www.google.com'
    ),
    Option.new(
      'native_click_tracking_url', 'The URL to use for click tracking.', required: false,
      default_value: 'https://native.test.com/click?id=123456'
    ),
  ]

  # Parse options.
  parser = Parser.new(options)
  opts = parser.parse(ARGV)

  begin
    create_native_creatives(service, opts)
  rescue Google::Apis::ServerError => e
    raise "The following server error occured:\n#{e.message}"
  rescue Google::Apis::ClientError => e
    raise "Invalid client request:\n#{e.message}"
  rescue Google::Apis::AuthorizationError => e
    raise "Authorization error occured:\n#{e.message}"
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


No sooner than the Volkswagen Jetta Smyth Ute project returned from the shop after an extended stay, New England received nearly all of the snow it will get this winter during a period of just two weeks. With my and my wife's daily drivers getting priority parking in the garage, the Jetta soon found itself buried under three feet of snow and behind an even larger pile that the snow plow left behind.
There's a Jetta Ute somewhere under this snowbank.
I adopted a new strategy for extracting the Ute from its wintery doom: wait until spring. But the one good thing about March snowstorms is that it doesn't take long for the snow to melt when the temperature gets above freezing most days. With some digging and a little fancy maneuvering, I finally got the Jetta out of a snowbank that was much smaller than it had once been.
This fiberglass piece was a minor but repairable casualty from the Ute's snowbank extraction.
The process of backing the Ute out from its wintery tomb caused one of the rivets holding the fiberglass trim panel below the driver's door to pop out, exposing a little bit of minor surface rust on the metal rocker panel underneath. Both of these will be easily repaired. Though I had planned to lift the car slightly as my next project, the snow delay is making me change my next priority to getting it ready for state inspection, which is due in April. My Subaru WRX just passed a stricter than ever inspection, so I'll need to get the Ute squeaky clean to pass in its significantly altered state. Fortunately, it now qualifies for the Massachusetts exemption on emissions testing for vehicles 15 or more years old, so I don't need to worry about the Check Engine light that is constantly on in nearly every older Volkswagen, including this one.
Smyth Performance's fiberglass body panels held up well to the tortures of winter.
Reattach the driver's rocker panel trim after addressing the surface rust.
Replace the two front wheels with two of my 15-inch wheels that have tires in better condition. Though mismatched, all four of these tires on the car at once have more than enough tread to pass. I plan to upgrade the tires later, but this method will get by for now until the tire budget is there.
Replace the leaky gasket between the exhaust manifold and the turbo. Inspectors hate exhaust leaks. Fortunately, the rest of the exhaust is brand new.
Get the cracked windshield replaced. I'll have this done by an auto glass shop.
I also plan to amend my registration to officially change the car's color from grey to black as far as the state is concerned. Although I intend to Plastidip it a different color later, I don't want to get kicked out of inspection because the color doesn't match, particularly because the inspection involves still and video cameras to the Registry of Motor Vehicles.
The parts that I painted, however, haven't held up so well.
I didn't do a very good job painting the front of the car last fall. The black primer, which matches the fiberglass in the rear, hasn't stuck to the factory paint well, likely as a result of improper preparation. That's what I get for rushing the job. But this shouldn't be a problem for inspection, and will be easily fixed with another can of paint once temperatures warm up enough for painting. Plus, this Mad Max look is only temporary until we Plastidip the car later this year.
But for now, the priority is getting the car ready for state inspection. All of the work the Ute needs, except the windshield, should be able to get done in one fell swoop. Basically, I'll bring it into the garage for the exhaust manifold gasket, then swap the front wheels and reattach the trim panel while I'm in there. Then I'll get the windshield replaced, take it to my trusted inspection station, and cross all of my fingers and toes that it'll actually pass.


text:
Q: Why do we pass objects rather than object members to functions? I have a method FOO() in class A that takes as its arguments input from data members of class B among other things (let's say they are two floats and one int). The way I understand this, it is generally better to implement this with something like:
A->FOO1(B, other_data_x)

rather than
A->FOO2(B.member1, B.member2, B.member3, other_data_x).

I gather one, but not the only, advantage of this is that it leaves the detail of which members of B to access up to FOO1() and so helps hide implementation details.
But what I wonder about is whether this actually introduces additional coupling between classes A and B. Class A in the former case has to know class B exists (via something like include class_B_header.h), and if the members of B change or are moved to a different class or class B is eliminated altogether, you have to modify A and FOO1() accordingly. By contrast, in the latter approach, FOO2() doesn't care whether class B exists, in fact all it cares about is that it is supplied with two floats (which in this case consist of B.member1 and B.member2) and an int (B.member3). There is, to be sure, coupling in the latter example as well, but this coupling is handled by wherever FOO2() gets called or whatever class happens to be calling FOO2(), rather than in the definition of A or B.
I guess a second part of this question is, is there a good way to decouple A and B further when we want to implement a solution like FOO1()?

A: Welcome to the world of engineering, where everything is a compromise and the right solution depends on how your classes and function are supposed to be used (and what their meaning is supposed to be).
If foo() is conceptually something whose result depends on a float, an int, and a string, then it is right for it to accept a float, an int, and a string. Whether these values come from members of a class (could be B, but could also be C or D) it does not matter, because semantically foo() is not defined in terms of B.
On the other hand, if foo() is conceptually something whose result depends on the state of B - for instance, because it realizes an abstraction over that state - then make it accept an object of type B.
Now it is also true that a good programming practice is to let functions accept a small number of arguments if possible, I'd say up to three without exaggeration, so if a function logically works with several values, you may want to group those values in a data structure and pass instances of that data structure to foo().
Now if you call that data structure B, we're back to the original problem - but with a world of semantic difference!
Hence, whether or not foo() should accept three values or an instance of B mostly depends on what foo() and B concretely mean in your program, and how they are going to be used - whether their competences and responsibilities are logically coupled or not.

A: Given this question, you are probably thinking about classes in the wrong way.
When using a class, you should only be interested in its public interface (usually consisting solely of methods), not in its data members. Data members should normally be private to the class anyways, so you wouldn't even have access to them.
Think of classes as physical objects, say, a ball. You can look at the ball and see that it is red, but you can't simply set the color of the ball to be blue instead. You would have to perform an action on the ball to make it blue, for example by painting it.
Back to your classes: in order to allow A to perform some actions on B, A will have to know something about B (e.g., that the ball needs to be painted to change its color).
If you want to have A work with objects other than those from class B, you can use inheritance to extract the interface needed by A into class I, and then let class B and some other class C inherit from I. A can now work equally well with both classes B and C.

A: There are several reasons why you want to pass around a class instead of individual members.

*

*It depends on what the called function must do with the arguments. If the arguments are isolated enough I would pass the member.

*In some cases you might need to pass a lot of variables. In this case it is more efficient to pack them into a single object and pass that around.

*Encapsulation. If you need to keep the values somehow connected to each other, you may have a class dealing with this association instead of han dling it in your code wherever you happen to need one member of it.

If you are worried aybout dependencies you can implement interfaces (like in Java or the same in C++ using abstract classes). This way you can reduce the dependency on a particular object but ensuring that it can handle the required API.

A: I think this definitely depends on exactly what you want to achieve. There's nothing wrong with passing a few members from a class to a function. It really depends on what "FOO1" means - does doing FOO1 on B with other_data_x make it clearer what you want to do.
If we take an example - instead of having arbitrary names A, B, FOO and so on, we make "real" names that we can understand the meaning of:
enum Shapetype
{
   Circle, Square
};

enum ShapeColour
{
   Red, Green, Blue
}

class Shape
{
 public:
   Shape(ShapeType type, int x, int y, ShapeColour c) :
         x(x), y(y), type(type), colour(c) {}
   ShapeType type;
   int x, y;
   ShapeColour colour;
   ...
};

class Renderer
{
   ...
   DrawObject1(const Shape &s, float magnification);
   DrawObject2(ShapeType s, int x, int y, ShapeColour c, float magnification);
};

int main()
{
   Renderer r(...);
   Shape c(Circle, 10, 10, Red);
   Shape s(Square, 20, 20, Green);

   r.DrawObject1(c, 1.0);
   r.DrawObject1(s, 2.0);
   // ---- or ---
   r.DrawObject2(c.type, c.x, c.y, c.colour, 1.0);
   r.DrawObject2(s.type, s.x, s.y, s.colour, 1.0);
};

[Yes, it's a pretty stupid example still, but it makes a little more sense to discuss the subject then objects have real names]
DrawObject1 needs to know everything about a Shape, and if we start doing some reorganising of the data structure (to store x and y in one member variable called point), it has to change. But it's probably just a few small changes.
On the other hand, in DrawObject2, we can reorganize all we like with the shape class - even remove it all together and have x, y, shape and colour in separate vectors [not a particularly good idea, but if we think that's solving some problem somewhere, then we can do so].
It largely comes down to what makes most sense. In my example, it probably makes sense to pass a Shape object to DrawObject1. But it's not certain to be the case, and there are certainly a lot of cases where you wouldn't want that.

A:
But what I wonder about is whether this actually introduces additional
  coupling between class A and B.

Yes, it does.  A and B are now tightly coupled.
You seem to be under the impression that it is generally accepted that one should pass objects rather than members of those objects. I'm not sure how you got this impression, but this is not the case. Whether you should send an object or members of that object depends entirely on what you're trying to do.
In some cases it is necessary and desirable to have a tightly coupled dependency between two entities, and in other cases it is not. If there is a general rule of thumb that applies here, I would say if anything it is the opposite of what you have suggested:

Eliminate dependencies wherever possible, but nowhere else.

A: There's not really one that's universally right, and another that's universally wrong. It's basically a question of which reflects your real intent better (which is impossible to guess with metasyntactic variables).
For example, if I've written a "read_person_data" function, it should probably take some sort of "person" object as the target for the data it's going to read.
If, on the other hand, I have a "read two strings and an int" function, it should probably take two strings and an int, even if (for example) I happen to be using it to read a first and last name, and employee number (i.e., at least part of a person's data).
Two basic points though: first, a function like the former that does something meaningful and logical is usually preferable to one like the latter that's little more than an arbitrary collection of actions that happen to occur together.
Second, if you have a situation like that, it becomes open to question whether the function in question shouldn't be (at least logically) part of your A instead of being something separate that operates on an A. That's not certain by any means, but you may simply be looking at poor segmentation between the classes in question.

A: Why do you pass objects instead of primitives?
This is a type of question I would expect on programmers@se; nevertheless..
We pass objects instead of primitives because we seek to establish a clear context, distinguish a certain point of view, and express a clear intent.
Choosing to pass primitives instead of full-fledged, rich, contextual objects lowers the degree of abstraction and widens the scope of the function.  Sometimes those are goals, but normally they are things to avoid.  Low cohesion is a liability, not an asset.
Instead of operating on related things through a full-fledged, rich object, with primitives we now operate on nothing more than arbitrary values, which may or may not be strictly related to each other.  With no defined context, we do not know if the combination of primitives is valid together at any time, let alone right now in the current state of the system.  Any protections a rich context object would have provided are lost (or duplicated in the wrong place) when we chose primitives at the function definition when we could have chosen a rich object.  Further, any events or signals we normally would raise, observe, and act on by changes to any values in the rich context object are harder to raise and trace at the right time they are relevant when working with simple primitives.
Using objects over primitives fosters cohesion.  Cohesion is a goal.  Things that belong together stay together.  Respecting the natural dependency of the function on that grouping, ordering, and interaction of the parameters through a clear context is a good thing.
Using objects over primitives does not necessarily increase the kind of coupling we are worry most about.  The kind of coupling we should worry most about is the kind of coupling that occurs when external callers dictate the shape and sequence of messaging, and we further sell-out to their prescribed rules as the only way to play.
Instead of going all in, we should note a clear 'tell' when we see it.  Middleware vendors and service providers definitely want us to go all in, and tightly integrate their system to ours.  They want a firm dependency, tightly interwoven with our own code, so we keep coming back.  However, we are smarter than that.  Short of being smart, we may at least be experienced enough, having been down that road to recognize what is coming.  We do not up the bid by allowing elements of the vendors code to invade every nook and cranny, knowing that we cannot buy the hand since they are sitting on a pile of chips, and to be honest, our hand just is not that good.  Instead, we say this is what I am going to do with your middleware, and we lay down a limited, adaptive interface that allows play to continue, but does not bet the farm on that single hand.  We do this because during the next hand we may face off against a different middleware vendor or service provider.
Ad hoc poker metaphor aside, the idea of running away from coupling whenever it presents itself is going to cost you.  Running from the most interwoven and costly coupling is probably a smart thing to do if you intend to stay in the game for the long haul, and have an inclination that you will play with other vendors or providers or devices that you can exert little control.
There is a great deal more I could say on the relationship of context objects versus use of primitives, for example in providing meaningful, flexible tests.  Instead, I would suggest particular readings about coding style from authors like Uncle Bob Martin, but I will omit them for now.

A: Agreeing with first responder here, and to your question about "is there another way...";
Since you're passing in an instance of a class, B, to the method FOO1 of A it is reasonable to assume that the functionality B provides is not entirely unique to it, i.e. there could be other ways to implement whatever B provides to A. (If B is a POD with no logic of its own then it wouldn't even make sense to try to decouple them since A needs to know a lot about B anyway).
Hence you could decouple A from B's dirty secrets by elevating whatever B does for A to an interface and then A includes "BsInterface.h" instead. That assumes there might be a C, D... and other variants of doing what B does for A.
If not then you have to ask yourself why B is a class outside of A in the first place...
At the end of the day it all comes down to one thing; It has to make sense...
I always turn the problem on its head when I run into philosophical debates like this (with myself, mostly); how would I be using A->FOO1 ? Does it make sense, in the calling code, to deal with B and do I always end up including A and B together anyway, because of the way A and B are used together?
I.e; if you want to be picky and write clean code (+1 to that) then take a step back and apply the "keep it simple" rule but always allow usability to overrule any temptations you have to over design your code.
Well, that's my view anyway.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Warehouses Operating Without A Wire
Wireless technology is converging to make warehouses more productive.
Dale and Thomas Popcorn makes and distributes gourmet popcorn products in a variety of flavors, including chocolate, peanut butter, butter toffee and walnut crunch, to name only a few of its two dozen-or-so taste alternatives.
In the past few years, the Englewood, NJ company has been experiencing tremendous growth as the demand for its products has moved to retail stores, in addition to its existing catalog and online sales.
The company needed a way to manage this growth, as well as its complex inventory needs. It needed to find a way to enhance its business processes, while at the same time maintain the highest quality popcorn and also ensure quick delivery.
The first part of the solution involved Dale and Thomas moving to a larger facility that incorporated 105,000 square feet of warehouse space, which would allow it to accommodate greater product volume. Next, to handle the flow of that product, the company decided to implement a more efficient inventory management system.
The backbone of this is a wireless, scalable, communications infrastructure installed in the facility by Siemens Communications, a Munich, Germany-based technology services company. This wireless infrastructure enables Dale and Thomas to effectively manage the arrival, storage and departure of items throughout its warehouse via a barcode tracking system.
Stories like this illustrate how wireless technology, which encompasses RFID, voice, barcode scanning and mobile computing, makes warehouses more efficient, more productive and cheaper to operate.
"It all starts with the infrastructure," says Mike Maris, director of industry solutions for Motorola, Schaumburg, IL, "meaning the antennas that are incorporated into a facility's ceilings, which our equipment can communicate with."
These antennas are access points that connect to a central switch, which allows data collected by units such as Motorola's MC9000 handheld mobile computer, to be wirelessly connected to a host server via a facility's WMS system.
"801.11b is the standard radio frequency system used in the industry now. If you have that, you have the ability to run any RF devices on your wireless network," notes Bob Morgenroth, director of supply chain management for Retalix, the Plano, TX-based provider of software solutions for the food distribution industry. Its Power Warehouse WMS is designed to work in tandem with wireless network systems.
The access points in the ceiling take radio frequencies generated by wireless devices and relay them back to the WMS system in the main office.
Every facet of the warehouse's functioning--receiving, put away, replenishment and picking--can be carried out and reported back to the company's WMS this way. In addition, today's wireless warehouses are or will be using a variety of tools in conjunction with the wireless network, including RFID, voice, barcodes and mobile computing to get the job done.
Scanning Speeds Up The Process
"We run an application on some Intermec handheld devices, which runs through the wireless network and goes to our WMS product, which is RadioBeacon by Accellos," says Norm Steiner, manager of IT infrastructure for Dale and Thomas. "The work process begins when workers uncrate the product we've received--raw materials--and use the handhelds to scan it into inventory."
After this, they create a work order specifying the type and amount of raw materials to make the finished product. They will scan these materials and take them out of inventory, to reflect that the materials were used to create finished product. After the manufacturing process, workers scan the finished product in, this time as a pallet of popcorn of whatever flavor they're made.
They also scan the rack location it's being stored in. All of this information flows through the air and goes back into Dale and Thomas' WMS system, which updates the inventory--the subtraction of raw material goods and the addition of the new popcorn product.
"Anyone in the office area can tell you that you have such-and-such product in such- and-such a rack. That way, if someone has to pick it two hours later, they knows exactly where to go for it," says Steiner.
Thanks to the wireless network, the company's warehouse workers are now freed up. They're able to roam the warehouse from one end to the other with their handhelds, invisibly connected to an application that allows them to move inventory around virtually as well as physically.
"If a facility has a WMS but doesn't have a wireless system, it's just writing information down on paper," notes Motorola's Maris. "Workers doing receiving are writing information on paper and keying it into the computer later on, or giving it to a data entry person to do. Meanwhile, if they've made a mistake in receiving it goes undetected."
Maris says this inaccuracy could be compounded in put away, in the case of a forklift driver who is putting inventory away in a storage rack based on where he thinks it should go, without knowing for sure it was put away correctly because it wasn't scanned and the system never had the opportunity to prompt the operator where to place the product. Working in a non-wireless warehouse makes inventory counting impractical as well.
"If you're operating in a non-wired warehouse and you're counting inventory, the possibility exists that you can go to an inventory slot and find that the inventory you're looking for isn't even there. You have no idea where it is," says Retalix's Morgenroth. "This is because a forklift driver has already obtained it from the pick slot, only you aren't aware of that fact, because you don't have a system that is constantly being updated in real time."
He says the real time aspect of operating in a wireless warehouse gives workers the ability to allocate and locate products much quicker. "The bottom line is, until it's received into the system that product is not saleable."
"Without the capability that our wireless network provides, our warehouse people would be running back-and-forth between computers all day. It would be an impossible situation," says Dale and Thomas' Steiner.
Many Voices, One Technology
In the wireless warehouse, different tools are beginning to work together to provide more comprehensive, more intelligent workflows. In particular, voice technology, which still plays a major role in directing workers where to go and what to pick, will become an even more valued component in the process as technologies move toward an inevitable convergence.
"Where the market is going for the wireless warehouse is that we're waiting for the device manufacturers to supply us with multimodal devices that can do multiple tasks. Now though, there's nothing available that will allow you to translate the data from both voice and an RF type signal," notes Retalix's Morgenroth.
"Right now, we have companies that use scanning in conjunction with our voice technology," explains Scott Yetter, CEO and president of Voxware, Hamilton, NJ, a company that provides voice-based warehousing solutions. "Our software application provides a dialog with the worker and data is an important part of that dialog. Scanning is one of those ways to get data into the application."
SAE, Houston, TX, provides warehouse productivity technology solutions for warehousing professionals. "Our selector pro product--which is the Motorola WT4090--is a wearable, hands-free scanner that also utilizes voice," says Greg Braun, senior associate at SAE.
The unit uses voice to wirelessly direct the selector to a particular slot. The selector will then use the scanner to scan the outer case code. The information is sent wirelessly to the WMS and there's immediate validation as to whether or not the selector has picked the right item. The unit is also text-based, so the information provided by the WMS is shown on the unit's display screen.
Vocollect, the Pittsburgh, PA-based provider of voice-directed work applications is currently at work on a combined voice/RFID solution.
"The value of voice is the ability to efficiently direct work--to tell the worker where to go and what to do, but we've always relied on his feedback to make sure the work was done properly," notes Larry Sweeney, founder and chief customer advocate. "By having a worker wear a mobile RFID device on his belt, this gives us the ability to wirelessly capture what the worker has done."
The RFID device will automatically scan what's been picked and through RF technology, the WMS will have the ability to do verification and checking for accuracy in real time. Sweeney says the combination of these two wireless technologies will allow companies to close the loop, from a process standpoint, between data flow and the work process.
"Technology shouldn't dictate to you how to do things, because everyone does things a little bit differently," notes Voxware's Yetter.
He and other experts believe that the more convergence there is of wireless technologies in the warehouse, the more choices will available to companies that will allow them to become more productive.
"They can pick a unit that does scanning if they want to do scanning in addition to voice. It should really be up to the customer in terms of how they do things, to pick the types of technologies that work together to create the most efficient workforce."
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Home » News » Auto » Kawasaki Ninja 300: First ride in India
Kawasaki Ninja 300: First ride in India
Kawasaki's claim of the clutch being lighter to use at the lever is true, as the 300's clutch feels extremely light.
Last Updated:April 14, 2013, 11:12 IST
Abhay Verma
We've already told you everything that's in the Kawasaki Ninja 300, so lets see what its like to ride on Indian roads.
What's it got?
The Ninja 300 is closer to an all-new motorcycle than an update to the 250R. The changes are visible in every area - be it styling, performance or handling. The engine now displaces 296cc versus the previous 249cc thanks to the increased stroke, and the engine is now lighter thanks to the extensive use of aluminium.
Engine revisions are exhaustive, justifying the all-new tag. The pistons are lighter and get flat crowns, the connecting rods are shorter and thicker, and the cylinders lighter. The intake ports and valves have both grown in size. The redline remains the same at 13,000rpm, but all these changes help the 300's engine rev quicker than the 250.
Power output is up to 39PS from the previous 33PS, while torque too has gone up to 27Nm from the earlier 22Nm. Also, the engine is now rubber mounted, which makes it silky smooth.
How is it to ride?
The biggest change between the 250R and the new Ninja 300 is the power delivery. While the 250R was more peaky, the 300 offers a meatier midrange, not to mention stronger top-end performance.
This, in effect, means that the 300 is a lot more rideable in the city. For those of you who own the 250R and have been using it for their regular commute, the lack of bottom-end and midrange grunt will have been apparent. The 300 changes that, as it offers a lot more pull even as low as 4000rpm.
This eliminates the need for constant downshifts and offers quicker acceleration at all times - be it overtaking or pulling away from a traffic light. The engine is a lot smoother throughout the rev range, and even when revving hard, there's no vibration anywhere.
It sounds more or less similar to the 250R, and is the sweetest when revving past 10,000rpm. The pull at high revs matches the stronger midrange, making the power band feel more linear than the 250R's. The gearbox is butter smooth, offering precise shifts at all times, with minimal effort.
The slipper clutch is something we have seen previously only on larger super sport machines and while we did not really feel the need for it while riding the 300, it does work well. Aggressive downshifts are a lot smoother and in turn less scary if accidental.
Kawasaki's claim of the clutch being lighter to use at the lever is true, as the 300's clutch feels extremely light. Straight line acceleration is impressive, and the 300 should accelerate to 100kmph from standstill in no more than 7 seconds. Top whack should be higher than the 250 as well, and we expect it to be in excess of 170kmph.
Given the improvements to the engine we expect the 300 to return better fuel efficiency numbers too, despite the increase in performance.
On open highways, the 300 is a beast waiting to be unleashed. Performance is impressive, and the 300 loves being pushed. If conditions permit, the Ninja 300 should have absolutely no trouble in cruising at well over 100kmph all day.
The 250R was an impressive machine in terms of handling and the 300 only improves that. It feels confident slicing through traffic, aided by the improved midrange performance, making it a slick commuter.
This is aided by the able suspension - ever so slightly on the stiffer side, while soaking up undulations impressively. The riding position, with the comfortable two-piece handlebars and lower seat, makes for great comfort, and riding the 300 all day long - in the city or on the highway should not be a problem. Around corners, it feels confident.
Quick direction changes are never a problem, as isn't leaning the bike over around a fast corner. The IRC tyres provide ample grip at all times, and the larger 140mm rear tyre adds to one's confidence. Importantly, the 300's brakes are not as ferocious as the 250R's in terms of bite, and feel more progressive, while providing ample stopping power.
Is it worth the money then?
The Ninja 300 is clearly a motorcycle for the passionate and well-informed motorcyclist who knows what he is getting. The 300 gets a host of technical updates which make it a highly desirable motorcycle. It certainly takes the entry-level performance game to a higher level, though at a significant premium over the 250R.
It is a great motorcycle to look at with the ZX-10R inspired twin headlights, and feels like a much larger mount. It boasts of top notch build quality and fit-finish, and is without doubt a high-end product. That said, the price of Rs 3.50 lakh ex-showroom New Delhi does sound steep, but the 300 with its design, performance and snob value should make for an ownership experience like none other in its class.
first ride
first published:April 14, 2013, 11:12 IST


In 2017, Natividad Medical Center, a Schipper Design client for over 10 years, began a brand process which included creating a new look and feel, brand materials and two new websites – in English and Spanish – as well as a new Intranet site.
After the hospital commissioned a subtle name change to "Natividad" and a refreshed logo, we worked to present tagline options, leading to the selection of their new tagline "Inspiring Healthy Lives". We believe our community should understand that Natividad is not only an award-winning county hospital but is also an institution that encourages its patients to live their healthies lives, proactively, every day and Natividad is a part of ensuring that happens.
The new brand reveal was launched during Hospital Week to coincide with in-hospital events and community outreach. We were honored to create the new brand visuals to support the big reveal, as well as the new brand celebrations. Our work on the hospital's internal and external brand advertising campaigns made sure that staff and community members alike were well acquainted with the new brand after it launched; days, weeks, and months afterwards.
You can review our design and development work on the new Natividad website at Natividad.com. We're proud of the clean layout, strong branding elements, and enhanced user-friendliness of the site.