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Miniature UAV
Bayraktar Mini UAV of the Turkish Land Forces
An EMT Aladin of the German Army
A miniature UAV or small UAV (SUAV)[1] is an unmanned aerial vehicle small enough to be man-portable.
Miniature UAVs range from micro air vehicles (MAVs) that can be carried by an infantryman, to man-portable UAVs that can be carried and launched like an infantry man-portable air-defense system. The term is usually applied to those used for military purposes.
SUAVs have been given various definitions among national regulation authorities, often without including size precisions and differing about weight measurement specifications. Those definitions range from less than 2 kg for Canada to less than 25 kg for the United States.[2] UE's SESAR prospective for the 2020 Air Traffic Management rules also proposed less than 25 kg,[3] while UK's CAA stated less than 20 kg.[4]
1 MAVs and mesicopters
1.1 Phase-two MAVs
1.2 Subsystems design
1.3 Stanford "Mesicopter"
2 MAVs rethought
2.1 Black Widow "Wasp" and "Hornet"
2.2 French "Mirador"
2.3 Future smaller MAVs
3 Gun-launched & parasite UAVs
3.1 MIT "WASP"
3.2 "Wing-store UAV" and Raytheon "SilentEyes"
3.3 Italian "MALP"
4 Man-portable UAVs
4.1 AeroVironment "Pointer" and "Raven"
4.2 AeroVironment "Switchblade"
4.3 Interspect UAS B 3.1 "Flying Lab"
4.4 Aeryon Labs "Scout"
4.5 Aeryon Labs "SkyRanger"
4.6 Applied Aeronautics "Albatross UAV"
4.7 Aurora Flight Sciences Skate SUAS
4.8 China "CATIC"
4.9 EADS "Tracker"
4.10 Elbit "Skylark I" and "Seagull"
4.11 EMT "Aladin"
4.12 IAI Malat "BirdEye"s and "Mosquito"
4.13 Lehmann Aviation drones
4.14 Lockheed Martin "Desert Hawk"
4.15 MAVinci "SIRIUS UAS"
4.16 NRL "Dragon Eye", "Swallow" and "Finder"
4.17 Rafael "SkyLite"
4.18 Russian UAV ZALA 421-08 and ZALA 421-12
4.19 ShadowView "Shadow Ranger" and "Eco Ranger"
4.20 Turkish Bayraktar Mini UAV
4.21 UAVER "Avian UAS"
4.22 YellowPlane "Voyager" and "Manta"
4.23 Trigger Composites Pteryx UAV
MAVs and mesicopters[edit]
The notion that small, even very small, UAVs might have practical uses arose in the early 1990s. In 1992, DARPA conducted a workshop titled "Future Technology-Driven Revolutions In Military Operations". One of the topics in the workshop was "mobile microrobots". The idea of using very small "microdrones" was discussed, and after initial skepticism the idea started to gain momentum.
The RAND Corporation released a paper on the microdrone concept in 1994 that was widely circulated (Reference 12). DARPA conducted a series of "paper studies" and workshops on the concept in 1995 and 1996, leading to early engineering studies by the Lincoln Laboratories at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and the US Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) in Washington, D.C.
The studies demonstrated that the concept was feasible. In 1997, DARPA then began a multi-year, US$35 million development program to develop "micro air vehicles (MAVs)". The MAV project's goals was to develop a microdrone whose largest dimension was no more than 15 centimeters (6 inches); would carry a day-night imager; have an endurance of about two hours; and be very low cost. It would operate with a high degree of autonomy to be used in the squad-level combat environment. MAVs capable of hovering and vertical flight would be used to scout out buildings for urban combat and counter terrorist operations. A MAV could be included in a pilot's survival kit. A downed pilot could use it to keep track of enemy search parties, or as airborne radio relays to search and rescue units.
Phase-two MAVs[edit]
This phase-one DARPA study ended in 2001, and was followed by a phase-two study that focused on particular vendors with an intent to develop MAVs closer to operational specification. A number of different MAVs were developed as part of these DARPA efforts:
Lockheed Sanders "Microstar"
The Lockheed Sanders MicroSTAR series of prototypes. The battery-operated MicroSTAR designs resembled kid's toys. An initial design had a fat teardrop body with stubby cropped-delta wings running along most of the body, along with a single vertical tailplane and a pusher propeller. A later version had winglets instead of the single vertical tailplane, and a nose mounted propeller. The MicroSTAR featured a five-gram navigation system that could be given directions by the ground station, but could also automatically keep on a heading or orbit a target.
CIT, AeroVironment and UCLA "MicroBat" ornithopter
The MicroBat ornithopter from the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), working with AeroVironment and the University of California, Los Angeles. The ornithopter design concept followed experiments conducted in the mid-1990s by Charles Ellington, a zoologist at the University of Cambridge, and his colleagues, in which mechanical analogues of insect wings were tested in a wind tunnel. The group was only interested in studying the biomechanics of insects and was extremely surprised that somebody seemed interested in them. The CalTech / AeroVironment MicroBat ornithopter was test-flown for short distances under battery power. Researchers performing flight tests with the MicroBat said it tended to attract small birds when it ran low on power and fell to the ground. The birds clustered near the floundering ornithopter in what seemed to be a desire to help.[citation needed]
Other research groups also worked on ornithopters. A Georgia Tech Research Institute group built a rubber-band powered entomopter and also did research on a chemically powered Reciprocating Chemical Muscle propulsion system.[5]
Lutronix Corporation "Kolibri" micro-helicopter
The Kolibri micro-helicopter built by Lutronix Corporation of Del Mar, California. The Kolibri (German for "Hummingbird") was larger than the other DARPA MAV prototypes, with a weight of about 300 grams. The Kolibri was built as a cylinder with rotors at one or both ends, using vanes moved through the rotor airflow by piezoelectric actuators for flight control. It was powered by electric motors or a tiny, highly efficient multi-fuel engine developed by a company named D-STAR.
Micro Craft "SLADF" ducted fan micro-helicopter
The Small Lift Augmented Ducted Fan (SLADF) ducted-fan micro-helicopter, built by Micro Craft of San Diego, California, and Ontario, Canada. The SLADF was a ducted fan helicopter with a diameter of about 15 centimeters (6 inches) and a weight of 1.8 kilograms (4 pounds), with payload. The SLADF did not appear to use a contra-rotating rotor design, using a single rotor with aerodynamic deflection surfaces inside the duct to cancel torque. First flight test of the SLADF was in late 2000. The SLADF could be fitted with an optional wing to provide useful lift to increase loiter time, and also provided additional fuel storage.
AeroVironment "Black Widow" flying-wing
The AeroVironment Black Widow MAV. Developed by a team led by Matt Keenon, the Black Widow was powered by electric motor driving a small propeller in the nose, with a lithium battery permitting about 20 minutes of flight. It carried an off-the-shelf camera chip giving it a color video resolution of 510 by 492 pixels. While the first Black Widow prototype was a flat disk with a single vertical stabilizer and a propeller in the front, it was followed by an improved Black Widow that looked a little like a thin portable CD player with tapered edges and cut-off corners; a propeller in front; and three fins on the back. It did not have autonomous navigation capabilities, and was controlled essentially like a hobbyist's RC airplane.
Subsystems design[edit]
Along with the flight prototypes, the DARPA effort considered subsystems design. A useful operational MAV would need a lightweight, highly efficient engine with a power source with high energy density. Electric motors were becoming available that met the requirement, but power sources were more troublesome. Lithium batteries were marginal. New compact fuel cells were in development but weren't expected to be available for several years.
One particularly intriguing option for both propulsion and power was a button-sized silicon microturbine ("jet") engine developed by Dr. Al Epstein at MIT during the 1990s. Silicon was actually a good structural material at such scales, though increasing operating temperature would have dictated use of silicon carbide.
A production device was envisioned as a centrifugal-flow engine about two centimeters across burning natural gas, with a single turbine disk for compression and a single disk for exhaust rotation. The design didn't look much like a conventional turbojet, resembling more a tiny flat cylindrical box with an inlet hole on one side and an exhaust hole on the other. It was expected to have a thrust-to-weight ratio of about 100—incredible compared to any "macroscale" engine but a logical consequence of scaling the technology down in size—and run at about 1.2 million RPM, making bearings a tricky issue. Since it could "spool up" in about a millisecond, it was envisioned as operating in a pulsed mode to conserve fuel and also provide a throttling scheme. A functioning gas turbine was never successfully implemented at this scale after years of development.
Other tricky issues were control systems, since an MAV couldn't be flown like a model airplane and would have to be able to tolerate turbulence and wind gusts, and miniaturizing navigation, communications, and sensor systems, as well as ensuring that they didn't interfere with each other. DARPA specified that the payload would be no more than 15 grams.
Stanford "Mesicopter"[edit]
As extreme as MAV specifications were, a team under Ilan Kroo at Stanford University worked on an even more extreme design in the form of a centimeter-wide four-rotor mesicopter using microcircuit fabrication techniques. The work was funded by NASA. Design of such a small aircraft was constrained by the fact that at such scales, the air becomes a highly viscous medium, or in aerodynamic terms a mesicopter had a low Reynolds number. Basic aerodynamics of the mesicopter were defined by a cycle of computer simulation, followed by tests of model components. The research led to mesicopter rotor designs where the rotor looked much more like the blades of an ordinary room fan than the rotor of a conventional helicopter. Propeller designs did not achieve desired efficiency and the Mesicopter was never able to lift the weight of its own energy source.
MAVs rethought[edit]
The DARPA MAV effort ended in 2000 and the results of the effort were somewhat negative, demonstrating that a 15 centimeter UAV was simply too small to be useful or even workable, at least over the short run. However, though the size was unrealistic, the basic concept seemed valid even if a larger machine were needed.
DARPA did begin a follow-on effort in the spring of 2002, working with the US Army on a larger ducted fan vehicle as a follow-on to SLADF under the "Organic Air Vehicle (OAV)" program. Allied Aerospace, which had bought out Micro Craft, demonstrated a scaled-up SLADF, while Honeywell performed tests with their own ducted-fan vehicle, named iSTAR. However, neither vehicle seemed particularly promising and the program was cut short.
It was revived as OAV-2 in 2004, with DARPA specifying a diesel-powered ducted-fan vertical-takeoff UAV with a weight of 51 kilograms (112 pounds), including a payload of 10 kilograms; a range of 10 kilometers (6.2 mi); a top speed of 92 km/h (50 knots); the ability to hover in a 37 km/h (20 knots) wind; an endurance of two hours; and a ceiling of 3,350 meters (11,000 ft).
The OAV was to be carried, launched, and recovered on a Humvee, using a crew of two soldiers, who would be able to get it flying in five minutes. Its sensor systems will be able to provide targeting data to within 10 meters (33 feet) to support non-line-of-sight weapons. The UAV would have autonomous flight capabilities with the ability to maneuver in cluttered terrain using an all-weather obstacle-avoidance system, and DARPA wanted it to have the ability to land and conduct observations from its landing site. Other possibilities were use of the UAV for communications relay, SIGINT, countermeasures, or even armed attack. The Army was interested in the program, but its current status is uncertain. It may have disappeared again; and if so it may reappear once more.
Black Widow "Wasp" and "Hornet"[edit]
AeroVironment has also worked on follow-ons to its Black Widow, named the Wasp and the Hornet. The Wasp is a flying wing, with the wing in the form of a rectangle with a slightly swept leading edge. It is propeller driven, with the propeller in front. The Wasp's main improvement over the Black Widow is that the lithium-ion battery and wing structures are one and the same, allowing maximum battery capacity relative to MAV size. The Wasp has a wingspan of 33 centimeters (13 inches) and a weight of 210 grams (6 ounces). Like the Black Widow, the Wasp is radio controlled.
In the spring of 2003, AeroVironment performed the first flight of the Hornet, which is similar to the Wasp but has a straight rectangular wing with a slightly greater span of 38 centimeters (15 inches) and, more significantly, is powered by fuel cells. The fuel cells are built into the top of the wing, where they combine oxygen in the ambient air with hydrogen produced internally by the MAV through reaction of a hydride material with water.
The fuel cell system is expected to provide three times the endurance of batteries of comparable weight, though early flights were limited by the tendency of the fuel cells to dry out. DARPA is actually more interested in the battery powered Wasp, but other interested parties in the US defense establishment, particularly the NRL, are very intrigued by fuel cells, and so DARPA is hedging its bets. Ultimately, AeroVironment engineers want to fit their MAVs with an autopilot and a color video camera.
French "Mirador"[edit]
The French have done work along similar lines, with the French defence procurement agency (DGA in its French acronym) sponsoring a flight demonstrator, the Mirador. It was a fixed-wing, propeller-driven aircraft 25 centimeters (9.84 inches) long and was powered by miniature fuel cells that gave it an endurance of about 20 minutes. It was built by the French defense aerospace research agency ONERA, working with the Royal Military Academy of Brussels, and is primarily intended to be a testbed for miniature sensor technologies.
The DGA envisions an operational MAV as about 40 centimeters (16 inches) long, with a weight of less than 1.5 kilograms (3.3 pounds), an endurance of 15 minutes or more, a ceiling of 100 meters (330 feet) and an operating radius of a kilometer (0.6 mile). For the moment, the concept seems strictly experimental.
Future smaller MAVs[edit]
The notion of bird-sized or even insect-sized MAVs has not disappeared, but is seen as a project for a future generation. MAVs have attracted a hobbyist and amateur community, similar to the robot combat competitions sometimes shown on television, and yearly competitive events have been conducted. These home-built MAVs necessarily show ingenuity rather than sophistication, but offer hope for an idea that will catch on.
Research in 2005 included a model utilizing ground effect at NPS([1]), DelFly at TUDelft and Wageningen University, etc. Some also consider using a Reciprocating Chemical Muscle for actuating flapping wing MAVs such as the Entomopter pioneered by Robert C. Michelson of Georgia Tech's nonprofit Research Institute.
Gun-launched & parasite UAVs[edit]
MIT "WASP"[edit]
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The US Army has been interested in developing MAVs that could be deployed as munitions, fired from artillery or unguided rocket launcher pods. A research team at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has developed a prototype artillery-launched UAV. The UAV, named the Wide Area Surveillance Projectile (WASP), no relation to the AeroVironment Wasp, is fired out of a 127 millimeter (5 inch) naval gun.
The MIT group modified a standard illumination flare round to serve as the external case. After firing, the shell popped out six fins to keep it from tumbling. Once the shell was 20 kilometers (12 mi) downrange, a parachute popped out of the tail to extract the drone. The parachute slowed the drone, which then unfolded into flight configuration. The WASP had a folding vee tail, a folding two-blade propeller up front, and two straight folding wings. The wings were folded into six sections and unfolded into a total span of 94.5 centimeters (3.1 feet). Once unfolded, the right wing was higher on the fuselage than the left, a result of the packaging scheme.
The WASP drone had a flight endurance of fifteen minutes, including ten minutes of powered flight and five minutes of glide. It had a tiny camera in its lower fuselage, and relayed both imagery and its own current GPS coordinates back to the warship or artillery battery that fired it. At least two WASP prototypes were built and tested. After initial announcements of the effort, the whole thing went quiet, but it remains a possibility.
"Wing-store UAV" and Raytheon "SilentEyes"[edit]
The Army had also worked on a UAV that could be launched out of a 70 millimeter (2.75 inch) unguided rocket pod mounted on a helicopter and could also be carried by larger UAVs. This wing-store UAV was 1.8 meters (6 ft) long, and was fired out of the launch tube with a solid-rocket booster. It then deployed wings, tail, and propeller, and cruised for up to two hours on electric power at a speed of 185 km/h (100 knots). It could carry a small daylight or infrared camera.
Details of the wing-store UAV are unclear, but it may have had some resemblance to the Raytheon SilentEyes UAV. SilentEyes looked like a simple metal cylinder with a rounded cap, straight folding wings mounted in the middle of the UAV and with a noticeable dihedral, and a folding inverted-vee tail. The UAV was 46 centimeters (18 inches) long and less than 7 centimeters (2.75 inches) in diameter.
Raytheon called SilentEyes a "parasite" UAV, as it would be dispensed from a larger UAV such as a Predator; a gliding submunitions dispenser; or a cruise missile. The baseline version of the SilentEyes would be strictly a glider, but its glide ratio of 11:1 would allow it to stay in the air for a half-hour if released from typical Predator operational altitudes. It would be used for close-up examination of targets spotted by SAR to ensure that they are valid targets, or for post-strike target damage assessment.
The little UAV could carry a gimbaled infrared or color TV camera, with the video compressed for transmission by a UHF communications link over line-of-sight ranges. It could also carry a jammer payload, or a small warhead. Since multiple SilentEyes would be deployed at the same time, each could be assigned a different code or "telephone number" to minimize confusion in communications.
Raytheon was aiming for a target price of about US$5,000 to $10,000. The company was considering a powered version of SilentEyes with a microjet engine, as well as "stretched" versions of the UAV. The SilentEyes has been cancelled.[6]
Italian "MALP"[edit]
Galileo Avionica of Italy is currently working on their own "parasite" UAV, called simply the Miniature Air Launched Payload (MALP), to be carried on a Falco or similar UAV. The MALP has large cruciform tailfins, small cruciform nosefins, and "switchblade" wings stowed back along the fuselage that pop out straight when the UAV is released. It is intended to carry imaging or other sensors to probe dangerous targets.
Man-portable UAVs[edit]
This section's factual accuracy may be compromised due to out-of-date information. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (August 2012)
There is a great deal of activity in the small UAV field, with a number of systems now being acquired and some being used in combat.
AeroVironment "Pointer" and "Raven"[edit]
Main article: RQ-11 Raven
A soldier assembles a RQ-11 Raven in preparation for launch
In 1999, the US Army bought four AeroVironment Pointer small UAVs for testing in the service's "Military Operations In Urban Terrain" and was enthusiastic about the usefulness of the Pointer. It is too large to be conveniently carried by soldiers and is normally hauled around in a HMMWV(Humvee) vehicle or the like, and so the Army asked AeroVironment to develop a smaller version. AeroVironment developed a half-sized control system and a cut-down version of the Pointer called the RQ-11 Raven (no relationship to the Flight Refueling Raven).
The Raven has an endurance of 90 minutes on rechargeable batteries. It can be carried by a single soldier along with other standard battle gear. Following the Afghanistan campaign in 2001–2002, the US SOCOM ordered 80 Ravens, which was more than the total number of Pointers that had been sold to that time. The US Army also placed orders for up to 105 Ravens in the late summer of 2003 after the US occupation of Iraq led to persistent insurgent attacks on US forces. Since then, the RQ-11B Raven B has become the official standard SUAS (Small Unmanned Aircraft System) for USSOCOM, US Army, US Marines, and several countries. As of early 2008, over 8000 Raven airframes have been shipped to customers worldwide. Ravens have been operational in combat in Afghanistan, Iraq, and other undisclosed locations.
Encouraged by such successes, AeroVironment is also working on a newer version of the Pointer, named the "Puma", with greater endurance and payload. In addition, they have disclosed that they are in late development of a small lethal UAV.
AeroVironment "Switchblade"[edit]
Main article: AeroVironment Switchblade
In September 2011, it was reported that the US Army had signed a contract with AeroVironment for the supply of the Switchblade miniature drone. Switchblade is the first tactical armed drone for use by a soldier as part of their backpack kit and weighs around 2.5 kg.
The mini-drone has a small warhead and is launched from a 60 cm long container/launcher tube. As it launches its small wings unfold and can be guided to its target via a nose-mounted camera. The operator looks through a viewer that displays video from the drone. Switchblade can also be directed to coordinates using Global Positioning System (GPS). Powered by an electric motor it can reach speeds up to 80 km/h and loiter for up to 40 minutes.[7]
The US Army put the Switchblade into operation in June 2012. Reports of the range of the version used by the Army vary however, with reported ranges including 5+ kilometers, 12 kilometers and 40 kilometers.[8]
Interspect UAS B 3.1 "Flying Lab"[edit]
Interspect UAS B 3.1 Flying Laboratory
The Interspect UAS B 3.1 is a remote sensing platform for 3D photogrammetric purposes. The Interspect UAS B 1.1 octocopter first flew on 10 April 2011. The prototype had one DSLR camera and limited capability. The third variant able to fly 12 min with 3 kg loading. Interspect UAS B 3.1 have a removable 3D photogrammetry camera with humidity meter and other instruments. The octocopter's diameter is 1165 mm.
Aeryon Labs "Scout"[edit]
Aeryon Scout micro VTOL UAV
The Aeryon Scout is a man-packable quadcopter UAV designed for aerial reconnaissance by users with minimal training. Weighing just 1.3 kg, it features onboard intelligence, all-digital communications and a map-based touch-screen control which enables new users to operate the vehicles with only minutes of training. This map-based control allows the system to be easily controlled beyond line-of-sight and at night, a unique feature of this system. Its unique modular design allows for quick-connect payloads of different types and its arms and legs are changeable in the field, with no tools. This allows the user to repair damages easily and return to operation quickly. The Scout is approximately 0.8 m from propeller tip to tip and operates using four brushless DC motors, making it very quiet. It has an endurance of approximately 20 minutes. It is capable of flying in winds up to 50 km/h and designed for all-weather operation, with an industrial temperature range. It has a payload capability of approximately 250 grams. It has been designed for both military and civilian use, with specific focus to remain dual-use compliant.
Civil Drone OnyxStar FOX-C8-XT Observer with HD optical zoom 30x and Infrared camera in one
Aeryon Labs "SkyRanger"[edit]
The Aeryon SkyRanger builds on the capabilities of the Aeryon Scout and is a man-packable quadcopter UAV designed for aerial reconnaissance by users with minimal training. About 1 kg heavier than the Aeryon Scout at 2.5 kg, the Aeryon SkyRanger shares the map-based control interface. The SkyRanger is capable of longer duration flight, and can fly up to 50 minutes with a dual EO/IR payload. The SkyRanger has a higher bitrate, IP-based network and is capable of streaming HD video from over 5 km, with multicasting capabilities. The vehicle is all-weather capable, with an industrial temperature range and has a top speed of 65 km/h. It is able to withstand windgusts up to 90 km/h. The Aeryon SkyRanger has a folding design that makes it quickly deployable.
Applied Aeronautics "Albatross UAV"[edit]
The Albatross looks a bit like the military RQ-7 Shadow drone but can be purchased for less than US$2,000. Several options are available. In 2018, the Albatross UAV was shown at the signing of a partnership between Boeing's Insitu and the Queensland Government. It has since been used extensively in Australia.
Aurora Flight Sciences Skate SUAS[edit]
The Skate SUAS is a man portable unmanned system designed for the tactical user (military, police etc.) but also useful for other applications where portability and operation from constrained environments are critical. It is a 2.2 lb airframe coupled with a custom portable GCS. It has user swappable payloads and can be equipped with a variety of EO, IR and/or thermal imagers. Flight endurance is around 1hr.
The Skate SUAS was put into service with Army and Air Force units in Afghanistan in March 2013.
China "CATIC"[edit]
CATIC of China is working on their own hand-launched man-portable UAV, the "ASN-15", with an endurance of an hour and a payload of 6.5 kilograms (14.3 pounds).
EADS "Tracker"[edit]
European EADS organization is developing a small UAV named the Tracker, which features a wide-span wing, twin booms for payload and so on, and a central pod with tractor and puller propellers. It has a weight of 7.5 kilograms (16.5 pounds), a span of 1.4 meters (4 feet 7 inches), and an endurance of an hour.
Elbit "Skylark I" and "Seagull"[edit]
In the spring of 2003 Elbit of Israel introduced two electrically powered man-portable UAVs, the Skylark and the Seagull. Both of these UAVs have a launch weight of about 5.5 kilograms (12 pounds), a speed of from 35 to 70 km/h (20 to 40 knots), and can carry either a color daylight imager or an infrared imager. The Skylark I is of conventional configuration, resembling nothing so much as a large kid's rubber-band airplane with a pod under the fuselage. It has an endurance of 1.5 hours.
The Seagull is much less conventional, in the form of a boomerang-shaped flying wing with wingtip fins and a pusher propeller. Size, performance, and payload details of the Seagull are similar to those of the Skylark, but the endurance is stretched to six hours.
EMT "Aladin"[edit]
EMT Aladin
German manufacturer EMT has produced the Aladin Mini-UAV for German forces. It has a range of more than 15 km and an endurance of 30–60 minutes.
IAI Malat "BirdEye"s and "Mosquito"[edit]
IAI Malat has also introduced their own small UAV line, designated BirdEye, which includes the 5 kilogram (11 pound) BirdEye 500 and the 500 gram (1.1 pound) BirdEye 100. Sources also mention a Malat micro-UAV, the Mosquito, though this may be the same as the BirdEye 100. Malat has been promoting the BirdEye 500 for both military and civilian uses, with civilian uses including urban security, crime-fighting, and traffic observation.
Lehmann Aviation drones[edit]
Lehmann Aviation LM450 UAS
Lehmann Aviation Ltd, the French manufacturer, has developed man-portable (92 cm wingspan) lightweight (1,25 kg) line of UAVs: LP960 (2007), LV580 (2009), LM450 (2010) – with a common Ground Control System. All the UAVs are designed for civil applications (civil reconnaissance, civil security, mapping, survey and monitoring, digital elevation model, photography in general etc.)[9] and can make still aerial images and full HD or real-time videos.
Lehmann Aviation drones are launched by hand and land independently on the ground. The systems use electric engine and a pushing propeller on the back part of the aircraft. The wing is made of expanded polypropylene. The UAS have an advanced navigation system and an autopilot which enable the aircraft to fly with the range of 5 km and a flight endurance from 30 to 45 minutes.
Lehmann Aviation UAVs were designed to fly with up to 45 km/h wind (25 kn), in different climate conditions (humidity, dry air), with the temperature range from −25 °C to +60 °C.
Lehmann Aviation LP960 is a UAV for professional use launched in 2007. LP960 was designed for orthomosaics (Digital Elevation Model) and HD vertical images for the needs of public and private sectors (mostly construction and geodesy companies as well as scientific organisations[10]). Lehmann Aviation LV580 is UAV done for professional use. It was launched in 2009 for live day and night aerial survey. Lehmann Aviation LM450 is a UAV for professional use launched in 2010. It was designed to take oblique still images and HD videos.
In 2012 Lehmann Aviation launched L-A series of fully automatic micro civil UAVs: The LA100, LA200 and LA300. The work with Windows 8 touchscreen tablet which enables user to set up flight parameters and prepare the mission.
All Lehmann Aviation drones are compatible with Lehmann Aviation OperationCenter v2.00 working under Windows 8 operating system.
Lockheed Martin "Desert Hawk"[edit]
Main article: Lockheed Martin Desert Hawk
US forces are also using another mini-UAV in Iraq, the Lockheed Martin Desert Hawk. It weighs 3.2 kilograms (7 pounds), has a wingspan of 1.32 meters (52 inches) and a length of 86.4 centimeters (34 inches). It is made mostly of plastic foam, suggesting something like a Nerf toy, and uses an electric motor driving a pusher propeller as a powerplant, making it very quiet. It is launched with a bungee cord, carries three small CCD cameras, has an endurance of about an hour. It flies mostly under autonomous control, with the "pilot" keeping track of what's going on with a laptop computer.
The Desert Hawk was designed by Lockheed Martin's Skunk Works for the Air Force FPASS (Force Protection Airborne Surveillance System) Program on a quick-reaction contract issued late in the winter of 2002, with the first system delivered in the early summer. It was designed quickly because it leveraged heavily off of technology and design studies developed for the MicroStar MAVs.
However, in 2007, the US Air Force FPASS office switched all of their UAV systems over to the RQ-11 Raven B.[11] Desert Hawk did make the short-list for the recent Netherlands Army Mini-UAV program, but ultimately lost to the RQ-11B Raven B.[12] The only military forces still using Desert Hawk are the UK Army.[13]
MAVinci "SIRIUS UAS"[edit]
The SIRIUS UAS is a completely autonomous small airplane with a wingspan of two meters.[14] The UAV combined with the image post processing software enables one to simply obtain aerial images and calculate orthofotos and three dimensional elevation models out of the image data. The flight planning is done automatically after selecting the aerial image area. The flightplan can be altered before and during the flight. No catapult or launching device is necessary because the UAV is hand-launched. During the flight aerial images are recorded automatically. Manual control during the flight in case of emergencies is possible with assisted flight mode supported by the autopilot. In this mode landing is also possible on very small areas. Autonomous landing is also available.
NRL "Dragon Eye", "Swallow" and "Finder"[edit]
Main article: Dragon Eye
The US Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has developed a man-portable UAV of roughly the same size as the AeroVironment Raven, named the RQ-14 Dragon Eye (no relationship to the BAI Aerosystems Dragon). The Dragon Eye is a tailless design with a rectangular wing and twin props. It is designed to fit into a backpack, with a weight of 2.25 kilograms (5 pounds) and a span of 1.14 meters (3 feet 9 inches). It can be launched by hand or bungee slingshot and has a GPS-INS-based waypoint navigation system.
One of the features is that the operator monitors Dragon Eye operation through "video goggles" connected to a laptop computer. The control system weighs about 5.4 kilograms (12 pounds). The Dragon Eye's endurance is an hour. The production contract for Dragon Eye was awarded to AeroVironment in 2003, and over 1000 aircraft were built before the Marines switched over to the RQ-11B Raven B for the remainder of the Dragon Eye production contract.
The NRL has also built at least two other small UAVs. The Swallow is of more conventional configuration than the Dragon Eye, roughly comparable to the AeroVironment Pointer, with long sailplane wings and a tail-mounted propeller. Details are unclear, but it has been used in NRL experiments to develop anti-sniper sensors for base security applications.
The Finder (Flight Inserted Detector Expandable for Reconnaissance), with a weight of 26 kilograms (57 pounds), can carry a small imager, or an atmospheric sampling sensor to check for radiological / chemical / biological contaminants, and other sensor payloads are being considered. Other details of the Finder are unclear.
The Finder has been evaluated as a payload for the Predator UAV, with one Finder carried under each wing, acting as a parasite UAV like the Raytheon SilentEyes. Initial flight tests of the Finder with the Predator were performed in the summer of 2002.
Rafael "SkyLite"[edit]
Rafael of Israel has built a man-portable UAV also named the SkyLite, which is fired out of a tube like an antitank missile, and has an endurance of about an hour. It can be launched from a vehicle mount or shoulder-launched by a soldier. Skylite B is the newest version, and is rail-launched. In October 2008, Rafael announced that a SkyLite B had achieved an altitude of 36,000 feet (11,000 m).[15]
The SkyLite has a certain general resemblance to the Raytheon SilentEyes, being a tube a 110 centimeters (3 feet 7 inches) long with a glass sensor nose; a pusher propeller powered by an electric motor; pop-out straight wings with a span of 150 centimeters (4 feet 11 inches); and a cruciform pop-out tail. It has a launch weight of 6 kilograms (13.2 pounds). It was originally named "Skylark" but Rafael decided to change the name to avoid confusion with the Elbit Skylark.
Russian UAV ZALA 421-08 and ZALA 421-12[edit]
ZALA 421-08 developed by A-Level Aerosystems, Izhevsk, Russia is a flying wing UAV featuring a weight of 1.7 kg and a wing span of mere 0.8 m. The payload consists of color forward-looking and side-looking cameras. The plug-in cameras module can be easily replaced with the infrared camera. Its range is 15 km, maximum flight duration is 90 minutes. ZALA 421-08 is powered by an electric motor. The UAV is launched by hand and landed on a 30×100m ground using parachute. Small sizes make it indispensable in urban areas and busy air spaces. Being operated by all power ministries of Russia, ZALA 421-08 has proved itself as an extremely useful surveillance tool when capturing the terrorists and smugglers.
ZALA 421-12 is a flying wing UAV specially designed by A-Level Aerosystems, Izhevsk, Russia for Federal Security Service. It features a weight of approximately 4 kg and a wingspan of 1.6 m. The UAV carries EO equipment weighing up to 1 kg which may include gyro-stabilized down-looking video camera, 10 MPix photo camera or infrared camera. The UAV is powered by electric motor driving a small propeller in the nose, with rechargeable batteries permitting an hour of continuous flight at the range of 40 km. Its takeoff and landing is performed in fully automatic mode. The range of application is rather wide, including monitoring of emergencies and natural disasters, remote monitoring of fuel and energy complex, patrolling of land and sea borders, industrial and environmental monitoring, and protection of security-critical facilities.
ShadowView "Shadow Ranger" and "Eco Ranger"[edit]
ShadowView Eco Ranger
ShadowView a United Kingdom UAS services provider founded in 2012, has designed and built an all new range of man-portable UAVs which are called Shadow Ranger and Eco Ranger. These small UAV can hand or rail launch depending upon payload weight. Systems have fully autonomous flight with automatic take off and landing option. Both the Shadow Ranger and slightly larger Eco Ranger have electric motors, gyro stabilized daytime and thermal video cameras (with retractable gimbal option), kevlar and composite structures and 60–120 minutes endurance (longer endurance is available for Eco Ranger with optional gas powered engines). In 2014 The Ranger systems will be deployed in South Africa, Malawi, Namibia, Australia, Thailand, India and Europe on a variety of humanitarian,[16] anti poaching,[17] precision agriculture and security operations.
Bayraktar Mini
Turkish Bayraktar Mini UAV[edit]
Baykar Machine Inc.'s (Turkey) Bayraktar Mini UAV system with 1.2 m length and 2 m wing span body, operational since 2007 with Turkish Armed Forces, can be hand launched and land on its body or through a parachute deployment. The Vtail, fixed wing platform has 5 kg maximum takeoff weight, can reach up to a 95 km/hour airspeed and has a flight envelope of 12,000 feet. Integrated with its own avionics and payload systems, it has an endurance of 1 to 1.5 hours. The vehicle has recorded more than 50,000 flight sorties with more than 300 units deployed. It has advanced guidance and control system such that in lost communication condition it can return to its base, turn off its engine, deploy its parachute and land in full automatic fashion. It can fly under GPS-denied environments with its mems based inertial navigation system, has automatic spin recover function, automatic stall control and advanced battery management system. Bayraktar Mini UAV has the longest range in its class with 15 km guaranteed regardless of the weather.
UAVER "Avian UAS"[edit]
Avian UAS is a complete unmanned aircraft system customized for various kind of missions depending on the installed payloads, such as real time surveillance, reconnaissance, aerial mapping, aerial photography and et cetera. Avian UAV has a wingspan of 1.6m and MTOW of 3.45 kg. Avian UAS has been very successful in monitoring the disaster in Taiwan and Thailand. Avian UAS is very user friendly and is designed to allow operator to operate with minimal training. It can be operated in complete autonomous mode, or simply using the gamepad to control the heading of the Avian UAV.[18]
YellowPlane "Voyager" and "Manta"[edit]
High wing electric powered, 1.4m wingspan the Voyager is a conventional pusher airframe with a maximum AUW of 3.5 kg with a wide CG range useful for different payload configurations. The Manta, 1.2m wingspan flying wing is used for vertical NVIR imaging.
Trigger Composites Pteryx UAV[edit]
Pteryx UAV for civilian photomapping
In 2010, the company introduced a novel UAV that can fly diverse pre-programmed missions using only the simplest mission selector and a single takeoff button. The UAV features automatic takeoff and parachute landing, allowing reduction of workload and reducing configuration mistakes, identified as a major hazard in day-to-day civilian photomapping operations. No groundstation nor laptop is required as missions are defined relative to takeoff position. Despite featuring parachute, a sturdy fuselage, under 5 kg TOW and up to 1 kg payload, the UAV can fly one-hour missions (two hours with reduced payload).
Bird flight
Micro air vehicle
RoboBee
^ "SUAV Advanced Concept Technology Demonstration" U.S. Army Soldier Systems Center "Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Advanced Concept Technology Demonstration(SUAV ACTD)". 25 February 2012. Archived from the original on 25 February 2012.
^ "2015 FAA SUAS Regulation" (PDF).
^ "SESAR-reviewed SUAS definition".
^ "CAA's SUAS definition".
^ "A Reciprocating Chemical Muscle (RCM) for Micro Air Vehicle "Entomopter" Flight". Georgia Tech Research Institute. Archived from the original on 4 July 2007. Retrieved 16 September 2007.
^ http://www.deagel.com/Tactical-Unmanned-Air-Vehicles/SilentEyes_a000177001.aspx
^ Defense Update
^ "Dodelijke minidrone". De Ingenieur (in Dutch). Veen Magazines. 124 (10/11): 10. 2012.
^ "В геодезии всегда есть место инновациям". Точка Опоры (154): 68–69. August 2012. Retrieved 11 September 2012.
^ "L'espoir des petits drones français". Air & Cosmos. No. 2232. 17 September 2010. pp. 23–24. Archived from the original on 17 September 2012. Retrieved 11 September 2012.
^ https://web.archive.org/web/20071029160853/http://www.af.mil/news/story.asp?id=123071292
^ "Unmanned Aircraft Systems". AeroVironment.
^ "Royal Artillery to take UAV to Afghanistan". 9 June 2006. Archived from the original on 6 August 2009.
^ "http://www.mavinci.eu" MAVinci – Unmanned Aerial Systems
^ Aviation Week & Space Technology Vol. 169 No. 16, 27 October 2008, "High Flight", p. 26
^ "Free the Slaves".
^ "ShadowView using UAV for wildlife monitoring, conservation and anti poaching operations in the Greater Kruger National Park".
^ "UAVER Avian UAS".
RAND Documented Briefing DB-110-ARPA Richard O. Hundley and E. C. Gritton, Future Technology-Driven Revolutions in Military Operations Results of a Workshop, RAND Documented Briefing DB-110-ARPA (Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 1994)
This article contains material that originally came from the web article Unmanned Aerial Vehicles by Greg Goebel, which exists in the Public Domain.
Mobile robots and uncrewed vehicles
Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)
Unmanned aircraft system
Aerobot
Helicam
List of unmanned aerial vehicle applications
Humanoid (list)
Android (list)
Hexapod (list)
Unmanned ground vehicle (UGV)
Automated guided vehicle (AGV)
Unmanned ground combat vehicle (UGCV)
Automatic train operation (ATO) (list)
Unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV)
Autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV)
Intervention AUV (I-AUV)
Remotely operated underwater vehicle (ROUV)
Underwater glider
Unmanned surface vehicle (USV)
Unmanned space vehicle (USV)
Robotic spacecraft (list)
Robotic telescope
Unmanned resupply spacecraft (list)
BEAM robotics
Microbotics
Robot locomotion
Autonomous robot
Autonomous logistics
Radio-controlled model
Remote control vehicle
Remote control animal
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Miniature_UAV&oldid=896350145"
CS1 Dutch-language sources (nl)
Articles with obsolete information from August 2012
This page was last edited on 9 May 2019, at 22:01 (UTC).


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Jagdgeschwader 6 »Horst Wessel« (dobesedno slovensko: Lovski polk 6 »Horst Wessel«; kratica JG 6) je bil lovski letalski polk (Geschwader) v sestavi nemške Luftwaffe med drugo svetovno vojno.

Organizacija
 štab
 I. skupina
 II. skupina
 III. skupina

Vodstvo polka
 Poveljniki polka (Geschwaderkommodore)
 Oberstleutnant Johann Kogler: julij 1944
 Major Gerhard Barkhorn: 16. januar 1945
 Major Gerhard Schöpfel: 10. april 1945

Viri in opombe

Glej tudi

 seznam letalskih polkov Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

Lovski letalski polki Wehrmachta
Polki druge svetovne vojne
Vojaške enote, ustanovljene leta 1944
Vojaške enote, ukinjene leta 1945

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


fingerling potatoes – probably your last helping of these.
"king richard" leeks – some are a bit bigger this time around, which makes me happy.
tomatoes – could be the last or near the last from the hoophouse.
collard greens – slugs have been doing a number on these guys, but they still taste good!
lettuce – a head of 'winter density' romaine, and a head of 'nevada' (a batavian or french crisp type).


Handfuls of lemon and lime juice, a little pithy with a wash of minerality. Dry and moreish, some zest unfurls with time in the glass. It's certainly a slurpable type with a tightish like pull on the finish. I like it!
A more than dependable go-to for Riesling fans.


text:
package org.usfirst.frc.team3414.teleop;

import edu.wpi.first.wpilibj.Joystick;

public class Logitech3DProJoystick implements IJoystick
{
	Joystick joy;

	public Logitech3DProJoystick(int channel)
	{
		joy = new Joystick(channel);
	}

	public double getAxis(JoystickAxis axis)
	{
		return joy.getRawAxis(axis.getValue());
	}

	public double getDirectionDegrees()
	{
		return joy.getDirectionDegrees();
	}

	public double getMagnitude()
	{
		return joy.getMagnitude();
	}

	public double getTwist()
	{
		return joy.getTwist();
	}

	public boolean getButton(JoystickButtons button)
	{
		return joy.getRawButton(button.getValue());
	}

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Whatever style of salmon fly fishing you are performing, with flies or tubes we are a range from #8 reels ideal for small rivers to #12 reels for that spey lines or large salmon fly line with lots of backing to hold onto that salmon as it darts up or downstream and a strong drag to help you tire out that vigorous fish!.
What fly fishing reel do you need to use? It depends upon the occasion, rod and the venue. A small grilse needs a very different reel to a large salmon on spate waters when you need to cast large and heavy tube flies. If you need assistance then please telephone.


text:
Paukajärvi är en sjö i kommunen Virdois i landskapet Birkaland i Finland. Arean är  hektar och strandlinjen är  kilometer lång. Sjön   Den ligger omkring 94 kilometer norr om Tammerfors och omkring 250 kilometer norr om Helsingfors.

Källor

Insjöar i Birkaland
Virdois


With a remastered version of StarCraft coming out this summer, Blizzard have released the game for free on both Windows and Mac.
The full game is available for free, along with its expansion Brood War, which can be downloaded on the game's official website, with a patch bringing the game up to speed with the latest PCs. The patch notes can be found below.
The StarCraft Remastered, updated version of the game, will be coming this summer.


text:
Dana1981
Dana1981 asked in EnvironmentGlobal Warming · 1 decade ago
Will global warming deniers blame the potential global temperature record in 2010 on the Sun?
With the anthropogenic warming signal combining with the current moderate El Nino, there's a pretty good chance 2010 will become the new hottest year on record. It also appears that the next solar cycle may be starting, as there's been a surge in the number of observed sunspots.
http://spaceweather.com/
But as NASA GISS noted back in January '09,
"Because of the large thermal inertia of the ocean, the surface temperature response to the 10-12 year solar cycle lags the irradiance variation by 1-2 years. Thus, relative to the mean, i.e, the hypothetical case in which the sun had a constant average irradiance, actual solar irradiance will continue to provide a negative anomaly for the next 2-3 years."
http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/2008/
In other words, we're already locked in for a cooling solar effect in 2010 due to the thermal inertia lag. However, reality has never stopped deniers from making ridiculous claims. Several have been predicting cold global temperatures during the 2nd-hottest year on record due to the lack of sunspots. Do you think they'll blame the potentially record-setting heat of 2010 on the start of the next solar cycle?
jim z asks "Do you really believe that humans are responsible for the sunspots?"
No. Do you really believe the moon is made of cheese? I'm pretty sure it's not.
Don't bet on it. The hottest fifteen years were all since 1998, but year to year trends are noisy.
However, if it is, the denialists are ready. We shouldn't worry about warming because of the solar cooling trend, but if it does turn out hot, it's solar warming trend that's responsible.
See December 18 SCIENCE, free download
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/326/596...
http://www.sciencemag.org/
cgi/content/full/326/5960/1646
Presidential Address:
Reflections On: Our Planet and Its Life, Origins, and Futures
James J. McCarthy
James J. McCarthy is the Alexander Agassiz Professor of Biological Oceanography at Harvard University
I live within walking distance of the Pacific Ocean, and I have lived here when the alarmists/leftists were proclaiming global cooling. Over 30 years ago they started chanting global warming and predicted that where I live would have a serious rise in ocean levels, flooding lowlands, that would happen within twenty year or less. That was 25 years ago and I'm still waiting. Nothing has changed, not the ocean level, not the water temperature. The state climatologist, George Taylor, exposed the scam, and he is a real scientist, not a politician. The state governor read Taylor's report, and fired him, or tried to. Taylor wasn't politically correct. Also, I studied Earth Science in college as a minor. Also, I'm not new to science; I've spent my live working in Science and Technology. All my friends are scientists or technologists. So, don't repeat Al Gore's lies to me. This climate change hoax runs along leftist political lines, and it is fed by liars and morons. Believe it!
They will blame whatever they thinks makes sense at the time. As I'm sure you're already aware, they already alternately chose to believe that it's been cooling or warming depending on the excuses that they are bringing out to 'prove' their particular argument. And that's just the thing. For some reason, they believe that their uncertainty and inconsistency in understanding what's really going on is proof that there is no proof of AGW. And that of course falls right into any disinformation campaign's intentions.
Deniers will claim that the figures are fudged if it does prove to be a record year, and when they can't claim that, they will 'blame' solar activity, and when they can't claim that, they will claim that it's cooling. and when they can't claim that, they will claim it's a liberal conspiracy to implement the New World Order. It will be business as usual for the deniers no matter what the past data, current conditions or the forecast.
I am not surprised that the AGW religion would use the year that is going to come into new sun spot cycle as the hottest so far. Seeing as real scientists predict that it is going to be a doozy.
It is a pretty good bet but not a certainty so we will have to see.
Will their bet pay off. Ill offer 11/10 that the sun spots for 2010 are going to be in a pretty high range for a calendar year as well as the planet being one of the hottest.
Lets check the correlation between the two at the finish line.
No man it's the damn aliens!
They've been causing volcanic eruptions since the 1850's, they cause sunspots too, and Al Gore is one of them, but even though they've been doing that, the Earth hasn't warmed in the last 10 years.
pegminer
I think it's premature to talk about setting any records in a year that's barely started. If it sets a record it won't prove AGW, if it doesn't set a record it won't disprove it. I would bet against any records being set next year, not because I don't believe in AGW but because you need a significant deviation from the mean to set records, and I don't think the increase in forcing from 1998 to 2010 is so great that it will necessarily overcome the statistical fluctuation that results in a record. I would be much more comfortable taking a bet that the record will be broken in the next 5 or 10 years, or that 2010-2019 will be warmer than 2000-2009. It's hard to judge climate change on a year-to-year basis.
2010 is tomorrow and they are predicted this stuff already. The IPCC must be
changing the numbers already to show a hot spring instead of a cold spring like
last year.
Where do they buy their tarot cards?
12 years of CO2 emissions increasing at an increasing rate, and with respect to the temperature record being broken, you're still, like a Cubs fan, saying "wait 'til next year."
You insist that 12 years is a blip.
But then you insist that 20 (late 1970s-late 1990s warming) is a trend?
And you insist that WE have our heads in the sand?
JimZ
2009 is ending with a flurry of sunspots. Indeed, if sunspot 1039 holds together for the rest of today (prediction: it will), the month of December will accumulate a total of 22 spotted days and the final tally for the year will look like this:
Do you really believe that humans are responsible for the sunspots? It probably has more to do with H to He than from CO2.
Frankly I wouldn't count your chickens until they hatch. Even if it is a warm year, it will simply be a continuation of a beneficial trend.
They've blamed it on everything else except for rising concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases; that they'll blame the sun is a certainty.
How many times has the earth been destroyed and we've had to system restore cuz climate change?
Do you know that Australia's been wetter the past 50 years? Do u know their fires are caused by government mismanagement from eco-fascists?
Why do some people not believe in climate change? ?
on a scale of 1-10, how would you rate the communistic beliefs of climate alarmists?
Where can I find sunrise/sunset information?
Wassssssup?
What does it mean to say, 'I feel under the weather'? When did you last feel this way?
Riddle for alarmists....what is green on the outside, but red on the inside?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
1 hour US Calls On Libya To Immediately Resume Oil Production
800,000 Bpd Offline After Haftar Affiliates Halt Exports
Tribal groups loyal to General…
Massive Oil Product Build Sends Prices Lower
A surprise draw in crude…
Oil Is The Only Way Back Up For Venezuela
Venezuela's economic and humanitarian crisis…
Zainab Calcuttawala
Zainab Calcuttawala is an American journalist based in Morocco. She completed her undergraduate coursework at the University of Texas at Austin (Hook'em) and reports on…
Saudi Oil Minister Just Did Something He Has Never Done Before
By Zainab Calcuttawala - Aug 03, 2017, 5:00 PM CDT
Gauging market sentiment before the 2018 Saudi Aramco IPO led Oil Minister Khalid al-Falih to personally meet with top hedge fund managers, according to a new report by Bloomberg.
Riyadh has long considered hedge funds to be unhelpful speculators, so the sudden interest in their opinions seems abrupt. Anonymous sources who spoke to Bloomberg on the nature of the meetings said the top OPEC exporter had been reconsidering the importance of the role hedge funds play in the oil markets.
The meetings occurred days before al-Falih's trip to St. Petersburg for Russia's flagship economic conference. Though officials from the oil ministry have met with hedge funds in the past, the Minister himself had not been involved in such meetings to date.
Amongst the hedge funds who got private time with the al-Falih: BBl Commodities LM, Glencore, and Andurand.
The Minister is a frequent traveler. As part of his travel schedule, he holds multiple meetings during his trips. We do not disclose the participants of these private meetings nor their content, if and when they happen," the Saudi Energy Ministry said in a statement.
Hedge funds could play a major role in the coming Saudi Aramco initial public offering. International fund managers and institutional investors largely expect Saudi Aramco to be valued at up to $1.5 trillion, according to a survey by investment bank EFG Hermes, with most experts disagreeing with Saudi officials who have said that Saudi Arabia's oil giant is worth around $2 trillion. The skepticism regarding Aramco's claimed value could bring stock prices down when shares go public.
However, most of the attempts at estimates by institutional investors, fund managers and industry professionals are largely based on assumptions and speculation regarding how much oil reserves Saudi Arabia really has, which Aramco businesses would be included in the listed entity, how much income taxes and revenue royalties the company would pay to Saudi Arabia, and where oil prices would go a year from now.
By Zainab Calcuttawala for Oilprice.com
OPEC Cuts: A Curse For U.S. Refiners, A Blessing For Canadian Oil Sands
Goldman Sachs Vies For Role In Aramco IPO
The Two OPEC Members Benefitting From The Cut
Did The Arab Spring Disarm OPEC?
Is The EIA Exaggerating U.S. Oil Production?


Though conventional business lending has rebounded since the start of the great recession, the restoration has not been as strong for the smallest small businesses—the small merchants, eating places, drycleaners, and mechanics most of us think of after we consider small businesses. Another examples of banks offering finance to small business units include ICICI Financial institution which gives 'office tools loans' (Rs. In response to conservative estimates, small business items within the nation supply employment to over 106 million. LQD presents loans for growth, acquisition and working capital, as well as accounts-receivable financing.
VEDC is approved by the U.S. Small Business Administration as one of the few neighborhood-primarily based, mission-centered lenders to just accept and course of Group Advantage mortgage applications from small business borrowers. If you happen to're occupied with starting, stabilizing or expanding your business, LiftFund is right here for you with our small business loans. Then this article is going to help you find out some helpful ideas and ideas how one can get your loan accredited no matter how bad your credit may be. LendVantage: LendVantage affords business term loans of between $5,000 and $25,000, income-primarily based financing of up to $250,000, and merchant money advances of up to $one hundred,000.
You might have the ability to get a below-average credit mortgage for $5000 You would possibly even be capable of get a very bad credit mortgage for $10000 , but if you need $20000 you are going to need to give you an asset that doesn't have already got a lien because otherwise you're going to have a really difficult time.
All of the loans are secured and require a lien in your business belongings and a private warranty from the first business house owners. We're LiftFund, for over twenty years we have offered millions of dollars in microloans and other small business loans to deserving entrepreneurs. Taycor Financial: Taycor Monetary is a fiscally sound and economically accountable nationwide provider of kit leasing and financing to the business community. The Business Alternative Funds are part of UBS's Elevating Entrepreneurs (EE") program, which supplies mentoring and academic alternatives in addition to access to capital to excessive-potential entrepreneurs poised to expand their companies. SBA programs cater to business house owners who, for one purpose or another, may not be eligible for a mortgage via different lending establishments. Neighborhood Advantage offers a streamlined utility course of for SBA-assured 7(a) loans up to $250,000.
A mid-degree non-banking financial institution, Shriram Transport Finance had started off providing loans to its clients based on vehicles required for the aim of business. Different banks have different requirements to supply small business loans aside from some some basic documentation. Angela serves as a member of the District Workplace BOS team and is chargeable for the total scope of the Company's government contracting and business development applications. To qualify, you have to have been in business for no less than a yr, have a private credit score rating over 500 and annual revenue of more than $100,000. Tools Finance: Supplied to buy new equipment or lease tools for business items.


text:
Ethitec
Ethitec has a proven track record in helping NHS services achieve the transition to paperless working. So, for services evaluating their requirements, we have set out here our five top tips on how you can do so too.
Download Full Guide
Five steps to achieving paperless
Health Secretary Jeremy Hunt has repeatedly highlighted the need for a 'digital revolution' within the NHS, and NHS England's own Chief Executive, Simon Stevens, has identified better IT as a key factor in closing the funding gap facing the health service.
The deadline for achieving an entirely digital health service has now been set as 2020, which means that Clinical Commissioning Groups (CCGs) are busy drawing up plans for how the Government's target will be met in their
respective regions.
At this stage, there is still time for the introduction of a digital health service to be effective and transformational, rather than a rushed or backward looking exercise in 'computerisation'.
While the NHS as a whole has had a fairly rocky journey to date, encountering various setbacks and false starts, examples do exist where paperless is already a reality. Indeed, Ethitec has a proven track record in helping NHS services achieve the transition to paperless working.
So, for services evaluating their requirements, we have set out here our five top tips on how you can do so too.


Teaming up with AUMUND Beijing, SCHADE secured an order from the Baosteel Iron & Steel Company for the supply of six combined reclaimers. These new machines will be installed this year and next year on the same site as two SCHADE semi-portal reclaimers supplied previously.
20 March 2018 in Portal Reclaimer. AMECO completes first stage Portal Reclaimer commissioning for Azerbaijan fertilizer plant project. In March 2018, AMECO successfully completed the first stage commissioning of one portal reclaimer for SOCAR's (State Oil Company of Azerbaijan Republic) new urea plant in the industrial area of Sumqayit, near Baku.
The first portal scraper reclaimer in 1978 with a span of 50m to reclaim 2100tph, which at the time was the world's largest. By the late 1980s, a versatile design was introduced, the portal bridge reclaimer.
A new AMECO machine has entered in operation in Ghent CCR Transport plant in Kentucky (USA). This machine is a traveling portal reclaimer handling gypsum at a rate of 750 TPH.
The side boom stacker/reclaimer can also send the incoming material in bypass mode back onto the yard conveyor and reclaim additional material on top of it, or can be used to stack and reclaim separately.
My..com Makes Managing Equipment Data Easy. My..Com consolidates all of your equipment data in one place with one login — making it easy to access important information about your fleet anywhere you go.
The portal type scraper reclaimer features one or two booms. For reclaiming the stacked material the reclaimer booms are lowered to a point where the scraper flights engage in the material while the Portal Reclaimer moves along the pile. The scraped material is loaded to a yard conveyor alongside the pile.
Table of contents – Volume 21 . Show all volumes and issues. Tables of content are generated automatically and are based on records of articles contained that are available in the TIB-Portal index.
SCHADE Lagertechnik won a further order from Baosteel Iron & Steel Company Ltd., Shanghai, this time for an additional supply of four Semi-Portal Reclaimers. These machines have a rail span of around 38 m and a capacity of 1,500 tph, and are expected to be delivered in November of this year.
PORTAL AND BRIDGE SCRAPER RECLAIMERS - A COMPARISON . AUTHOR: MR. J R McTURK . ... economical reclaimers and work on a wide range of bulk material as a result. Scraper reclaimers are by far the most commonly selected type of reclaimer. REFERENCES. G Fischer - SCHADE Germany . Portal Reclaimer . Portal Reclaimer and Stacker . Bridge Reclaimer . 5.
Another order from Baosteel for SCHADE Lagertechnik Six Combined Portal Reclaimers on their way to China Thursday, May 4th, 2017 The engineers from SCHADE Lagertechnik have received more good news from the Chinese steel industry, to add to their recent increase in market share of their machines in the power industry in Asia.
recovered as the stacker and reclaimer work together around the central column. Whether circular or longitudinal, the blending bed system operates ... Schade twin boom portal reclaimer is able to recover some 4000 tph per unit, which is more than sufficient to feed the rapid train load-out.
Feb 19, 2016· Multi-materials storage in Nghi Son Cement Plant.
On the West Coast, shiploader.com.au offers Los Angeles shiploader and dry bulk port equipment such as stackers and reclaimers and dock conveyors, Santa Monica shiploader, as well as Orange County dry buk port equipment and shiploader, San Francisco shiploader and dry bulk port equipment.
SCHADE will supply a large full-portal reclaimer for the coal stockyard of the GRES-1 power plant in Ekibastuz, Kazakhstan. The capacity of the machine will be 2800 tph, the rail span 53.5 m and the delivery date mid-2017.
The reclaimer structure can be of a number of types, including portal and bridge. Reclaimers are named according to this type, such as "Bridge reclaimer". Portal and bridge reclaimers can both use either bucket wheels or scrapers to reclaim the product.
AMECO Portal Reclaimers can be installed inside or outside a storage building. For outside applications, a single boom Portal Reclaimer (PS1) is the normal choice. For this type of machine, the Scraper arm is long enough to reach accross the pile.
Reclaim from the stockpile is by a Schade portal frame reclaimer fitted with a special scraper chain, as discussed below, recovering the material to a belt conveying running parallel to the stockpile at a rate of 300t per hour to match the process requirements.
Portal scraper reclaimer, one kind of portal reclaimer, is applied in longitudinal stockyards and can be operated both in indoor and outdoor. Portal scraper reclaimer has been widely used in coal mines, coal related chemical, iron ore mines and power industries.


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Q: How get File from web service for iPhone i'm new to iPhone programming and web service too.
I'm trying to get a file from a Rest web service written with c#, the service return a byte array, the file is 15Mb.
I've try to many ways to get the file but if i get the file inside an XML response, i need to parse with NSXMLParser that make my application crash because alloc a string in memory and it also make the file bigger and i also need to convert on base 64.
How can i get the file without XML response?

A: I've found the solution.
When i get the file, that is content in the node of the XML response, i save it on disk.
Then with a NSFileHandle i jump after XML header and start to read the file with a while.
I read 1MB each time, convert to Base64 and then write it to disk with another NSFileHandle.
I hope that is usefull for someone else.

A: How about just putting a URL to the file in the response, then using HTTP or FTP to retrieve the actual file?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Renee McBryde speaks at White Ribbon Breakfast
FRIDAY 23 NOV, 2018
Today I stand up here wearing many hats that make me a passionate advocate for affecting change NOW in the epidemic that is violence against women in Australia. I am a social worker who works with women and children in the Northern Territory who are exposed to domestic and family violence on a daily basis. I am a mother of three sons, who I have a responsibility to educate about violence and mould into good men. I am the mother of a daughter who I hope grows up free from the violence and abuse that women are often expected to see as normal in society. And in addition to all those things I am also here as a woman whose young life was torn apart by physically and emotionally abusive relationship. An experience that nearly ruined my life and my self-worth for good.
There are many excuses we hear thrown around to justify physical and sexual violence against women - she asked for it, she baited him, she was wearing something suggestive, he was drunk, he didn't hurt her that bad... but all of that is rubbish. The only person ever responsible for violence is the perpetrator.
No one sets out to be in a violent relationship, or be with someone who wants to hurt them, but often those elements of a partner and relationship don't come out until you're deeply invested, and almost always it is made out to be the woman's fault. I was always the type of girl who wondered why on earth girls stayed with guys who were controlling or rough, or made their whole lives about their boyfriends. That would never happen to me, I thought, because I was too smart and independent – I knew exactly what I wanted out of my life.
So how did I end up in a violent relationship? Well, I want to give you a bit of a back story to my life led me to that relationship. Before I was born, while my mother was pregnant with me, my father brutally murdered two people in a very high-profile case in Sydney. I didn't learn about these crimes until I was six but when I did I was forced to keep the information a secret. I look back now and wonder if the pressure to keep unpleasant information secret impacted my choices to be silent later in life, but either way, it set the tone for how we in my family dealt with shameful things. Be silent!
While I was growing up my mother was prone to volatile relationships and I suppose subconsciously I began to think it was normal for people in adult relationships to scream and fight and drink a lot, and sometimes throw furniture at each other. In these times I would just take myself off to my room and wait for things to die down. And then things would be okay again. Or the relationship would end and it would just be me and mum again. That's just how adult relationships worked, I thought.
Life was going to be different for me, though. Keeping my secrets from everyone, I managed to mould myself into this reasonably popular girl. I was a cheerleader for Manly football team, captain of the mock trial team, and was off to study Law at university, when I met Ben in the final months of high school through mutual friends.
Ben came from a broken home; he didn't have a lot, but he was a hard worker, funny, a bit of a showman. and we were pretty serious from the beginning. I knew Ben had a tough childhood, and his dad, who raised him, was rough with him. But people can't help who their parents are - I was testament to that.
In the first stages of our relationship I was away in Canberra at university, starting my law degree, so much of our relationship was long distance. One night, in Canberra, I was raped by my male employer while at work. And my whole world came crashing down. Everything I had been working for crumbled around me. So I moved back to Sydney to try to process it all.
I was a broken woman after the rape. I thought it was my fault and, like many women, I kept it a secret because I was ashamed. I had no family support. My law aspirations were set aside. All I had was Ben, so when Ben asked me to move in with him I said yes. And at first, that seemed like a good decision, because we all need someone to love us, don't we?
Ben and I were together for more than a year before he seriously hurt me for the first time. By then I knew Ben had a bad temper: I'd heard about a few drunken fights he'd been in and I knew he could be a loudmouth at parties sometimes, and, yes, on a few occasions he had pushed me around and said awful things. But he always said sorry, and I thought I could handle it.
And he would tell me that even though I was damaged goods after the assault, he still loved me.
Now, I could stand here and tell you about all the awful things Ben said and did to me over the four and a half years we were together but all you will take away with you are snippets of awful adjectives. Instead, this passage from the book will put you in a moment with me the first time things turned violent and I realised I was out of my depth. And where life between me and Ben unravelled and set me on a new trajectory that I would struggle to escape from.
Every time I tried to get up and move a few steps towards the guesthouse, Ben shoved me back down, my palms shredding against the bitumen. Back up, a few more steps, then back down. Finally, I ran the few metres to the guesthouse and all the way up the stairs. I sat with my back against the door and waited momentarily for Ben to make his way up the stairs. He opened the door, and we moved our fight inside, and the shoving continued.
'Just stop, Ben. STOP! What are you even doing?'
Grabbing my arms, Ben threw me backwards onto the bed and pinned my arms over my head. 'What am I doing? What am I doing? I am teaching you a lesson. You don't tell me what to do, who the hell are you? You're no one. You think you're too good for me but you're lucky I'm even with you. No one will ever want you if they know what a slut you are. Do you want me to tell everyone?'
'No.'
'No, that's right. You're just a dumb slut, aren't you?'
'No, I'm not.'
Ben leaned down and gritted his teeth. 'Yes, you are. Say it, say, "I'm a worthless whore".'
'I'm not saying it.'
Ben let go of my left wrist and drew one hand back. 'If you don't say it, I'll punch you. Don't make me punch you.'
'As if punching me is any worse than what you've already done. You just kicked me like a dog in the street.'
'That's because you are a dog. Now say it!'
'You're not in control of me, Ben. I won't say it. I'll never say it.'
Everybody has a threshold and in this moment, after everything, I'd found mine. It was all I could muster, but I felt determined not to give in on this, certain that if I did I would lose myself completely.
I stared defiantly up at Ben, our eyes locked, and for a second my confidence faltered. I thought he might actually punch me.
I shut my eyes.
Thwack.
The sound of flesh splitting flesh.
My flesh.
My face opened like an overripe watermelon, juices bursting onto every surface. 'Oh my God, oh my God,' I heard Ben say, so I opened my eyes to see what he saw. My thick red blood had saturated the starched white sheets and splattered high up onto the walls. Ben looked instantly sober and surprised. Surprised to see my face bloodied? Surprised, like me, that he actually followed through? Or perhaps it was shock as he took in the sight of my blood dripping down his fist. I couldn't tell.
Sweet metallic blood. It was all I could smell, all I could taste and all I could see. It was everywhere.
After this incident in Thailand Ben swore it would never happen again, but of course it did. This set the bar of all the fights to come. If there was no blood, in my mind it wasn't that bad. Over time the violence happened with more regularity, and greater ferocity. It never happened every day but it did become a cycle. Violence, self-loathing, apologies, recovery. And I was trapped in it and had no idea how to get myself out. I began to believe all the words Ben told me, that I wasn't good enough, that no one else would love me, that it really wouldn't happen again, that it was my fault, that people wouldn't believe me if I told anyone, but as is the way with a cycle every time things got better, they ultimately got worse the next time things turned violent.
So how did I leave? I threw myself back into my study, into building my career, building a life secretly away from Ben because I could see that if I wanted any sort of life for myself I needed to get out, but it took a long time until I felt like I could do it, until I was truly prepared.
When I finally left at the age of 22 after seven failed attempts, the real work of overcoming the trauma truly began. The scars left by my rapist and Ben had fundamentally changed who I was as a person and I discovered leaving was just the beginning of a very long road of healing ahead for both of these acts of abuse.
In the years after leaving Ben I saw a psychologist and worked hard to build up my self-confidence after it had been destroyed. I got married and went travelling, finished my degree, forged a career, had children and wrote a book about it all. I overcame it all despite never thinking I could.
For me, sharing my story with others, writing about it all in a book, talking about it at events like these has been the most cathartic experience. Ultimately breaking my silence and talking about my sexual assault and abusive relationship takes away the power from the perpetrators in my life who expected me to stay silent and has returned the power over my story to me, where it belongs. Because I decide what happens next.
This year in Australia there have been 63 recorded deaths of Australian women from perpetrated male violence. For every one of those 63 dead women there are another 100 who have been sexually assaulted, and another 200 who haven't died from the violence they have endured this year but have come close. For every one Caucasian woman experiencing violence there are 32 of our Indigenous sisters experiencing the same, and as a Northern Territory resident and professional I feel compelled to highlight this figure, because it is even harder for Indigenous women in remote areas to get the support they so badly need.
All of the figures become disturbingly overwhelming and hard to fathom. Sometimes people put these figures aside because they are too much. Many people have said to me, 'I to put your book down and have a break because it was too painful to read' – and aren't we lucky we can take a break? But what we can't do is brush these stories, these realities aside, or ignore them.
The reality is that physical and sexual violence against women is increasing. We have to stop thinking in numbers and think in faces because Every number, every statistic has a face and a story like mine. These are women who if they can escape could go on to have a bright future ahead of her, a family, people who will love her and treat her as she should be treated. Like me. And it is our responsibility as a nation to make sure that happens.
This year 63 Australian women will never get the opportunity to live their life like I have, we will never hear their stories and they will never get to call themselves survivors. And that is unacceptable. But while I am grateful to be alive, I resent even having to call myself a survivor. Because I shouldn't have to survive a relationship or a rape. The violence and abuse should never take place to begin with. And that is why we are here today, to make a difference, to affect change and to end male violence against women.
The House of Lies is available now.
https://www.hachette.com.au/renee-mcbryde/the-house-of-lies
For more information on White Ribbon, go to: https://www.whiteribbon.org.au
Renee McBryde
The House of Lies
White Ribbon Day
Thursday 16 Feb, 2017
5 Minutes With ... Renee McBryde
Renee McBryde is the stunning debut author of HOUSE OF LIES, the moving story of her life.


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Jill Ahrens
Dr Jill Ahrens
Post: Research Associate (Sussex Centre for Migration Research)
Location: ARTS B
Email: J.A.Ahrens@sussex.ac.uk
Jill Ahrens is a Research Associate at the Sussex Centre for Migration Research at the University of Sussex and a Marie Skłodowska-Curie Research Fellow in the Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning at Utrecht University. She completed her PhD in the Department of Geography at the University of Sussex. In her doctoral research she explored the intra-EU mobility and immobility amongst Nigerian migrants in Germany, Spain and the UK.
Previously, she worked as a researcher at the University of Sussex on two projects related to international student mobility (funded by BIS and HEFCE), as well as the Migrations between Africa and Europe longitudinal survey (funded by EU FP7). She has held visiting appointments at Bielefeld University (2011), University of Bonn (2013), University of Oslo (2013-14), University of Lisbon (2014-15) and Zayed University in Dubai (2017-18).
In her current research she focuses on transnational education and knowledge mobilities in the United Arab Emirates (funded by EU Horizon 2020) and is continueing work on Nigerian onward migrations.
Research Associate (Sussex Centre for Migration Research)
PhD in Geography, University of Sussex
MSc in Comparative and Cross-Cultural Research Methods, University of Sussex
MA in Migration Studies, University of Sussex
BA (Hons) in European Studies and Modern Languages, University of Manchester
Member of the Sussex Africa Centre (since 2013)
Member of the International Network of Excellence on International Migration, Integration and Social Cohesion in Europe - IMISCOE (since 2011)
Associate Fellow of the Higher Education Academy (since 2011)
Member of the Sussex Centre for Migration Research (since 2006)


1. The Origins of the 1960s Civil Rights Movement.
2. The Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association (NICRA).
3. The emergence of the Civil Rights Movement and counter demonstrations by the Reverend Ian Paisley.
4. Tension within Unionism, riots in Derry and Belfast, the deployment of the British Army and the creation of the Provisional IRA.
5. Armed Conflict. Relations between the British Army and Catholic community worsen. Internment without trial.
6. Bloody Sunday and direct rule.


I can finally say that I have left my rock and joined the "in-crowd." I finally read The Hunger Games. It's true that these books have been sitting on my shelves gathering dust for at least a year, maybe longer. I have no excuse to offer for why I haven't read these books until now. I knew they were great (I've heard it constantly). I've been threatened by my friends to read the books "or else"—but they always seems to forgive me. =) But, alas, I can finally say I have read them… and boy am I glad I did!
First, the characters. I loved how different Peeta and Katniss were. You truly get the sense that Peeta is a genuine "nice guy" that you can't help but like. He doesn't seem weak or annoying. In fact, he warms my heart and made me smile. Katniss, on the other hand, is a little rough around the edges. She's not unlikeable by any means. I really liked her. I am a sucker for books with strong female characters! (Not the typical whiny, boy crazy, hormonal nightmares that you normally read about.) The relationship between Prim and Katniss captivated me. For someone to volunteer for such horror to protect another… wow. Oh, and then there was Haymitch. Heh. He was grouchy, ornery, and an absolute riot. Maybe I wasn't supposed to like him as much as I did, but I couldn't help it.
I don't think there is much to say about this book since just about everyone I know has read it already. I can only offer my insights into the book that has been given so much hype. I was fascinated by the games. Since there are three books, I already knew how the games would eventually end. That wasn't a surprise, which I think took away from my experience. Somehow knowing that the two main characters survive took part of the thrill away. Of course, there were a few surprising twists to keep it interesting until the end.
I think it's safe to say I am pleased that I finally read this book. Did it get a 5 star rating from me? No, and that's probably because I knew too much about the book going in. This is a solid 4 (maybe a 4.5?), however. I devoured it in a day and instantly started on the second book. I can't wait to see the movie now and see how the unique characters and settings are brought to life.


We valet cars, and we're very good at it. It might sound unimportant but our research – and your experience – tells that most motorists think their car has never looked better than when they drive it off your forecourt, used or new. This is because that was last time it was valeted to such a high standard.
Used cars can endure quite a life, from pets to smoking, and getting a car back to as new as condition as possible goes beyond cleaning. We can offer a nano-technology sanitisation treatment that eradicates odours, bacterial, fungal spores and anything else that might reduce the air quality with a vehicle's cabin. Our process enhances the saleability of any vehicle and proves a valuable 'add-on' product to sell on to your customers.
We do an exceptional cleaning job, but also – because we are often outside and are the first point of contact for prospective customers – we play a part in our client's sales success. For over 20 years Proclense has been the trusted support and maintenance partner for dealerships up and down the country.


Edward Rose & Sons is an established property management/development company and we are looking for professional, motivated individuals to join our management program. Our managers are responsible for the day-to-day operations of managing an apartment community while assuring the company's standards are met and excellent customer service is delivered.
Career advancement opportunities are available for individuals who are able to relocate within Nebraska and Iowa. Additional career opportunities are available in Alabama, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Michigan, Missouri, Ohio and Wisconsin.
Due to the nature of our business, it is essential that employees be willing and able to perform functions in a number of different areas. Candidates will enter a formal training program to learn the company's business philosophy, policies and procedures.
Resolving issues with residents, customers, vendors and employees as well as representing the company by demonstrating sound judgment and conduct.
Caring for the needs of prospective and current residents using public relations and service skills.
Researching, analyzing and making recommendations on problems that arise.
Working with multiple projects simultaneously.
Living on-site during training (housing provided).
Learning all aspects of property management and development.


When it comes to building a high quality, result-driven Magento Store, ChilliApple is the name to be reckoned with.
Planning to venture into the ecommerce world? Well, we can ensure a great ecommerce website powered by the powerful Magento platform. ChilliApple as a Magento expert has a team of highly qualified professionals who can provide the right thrust to your business.
Hiring a Magento expert from ChilliApple will provide your business with a multitude of benefits that include great ecommerce solutions, unmatched customer support and lifelong relationship with one of the best Magento developers in the UK. We have a team of certified Magento developers, designers and quality analysts who always strive to deliver nothing but the best solutions to our clients. Be it developing bespoke solutions, extension integration, or upgrade to the latest version of the platform, we are great at everything Magento.
So, choose our experienced and Certified Magento developers for your Magento Store and take step towards a successful ecommerce store.
Impress, engage and turn your visitors into loyal customers with our comprehensive Magento services.
Get the perfect first impression on your visitors with our bespoke design services.
High-end solutions by certified developers backed by latest resources is what we deliver.
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Get the most out of our Magento store with our customised optimisation solutions.
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We at Chilliapple have years of experience in developing affordable Magento solutions. As a competitive company, we excel in leveraging the benefits of Magento 2 to give your business the right platform to reach your potential customers and stay ahead of the curve. Connect with us for affordable Magento 2 solutions.
Certificated Magento Developers with over 5 years of experience.
Proficiency with both the enterprise and community editions of Magento.
Secure and optimized ecommerce solutions based on customers' preferences.
Extensive experience in dealing with very complex Magento solutions.
Budget specific Full-time, Part-time and Hourly services to meet client's unique needs.
Dedicated team of Magento developers, available to fit your schedule.


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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">

    <corners android:radius="250dp" />
    <solid android:color="@color/cornflower_blue" />

</shape>


Looking for more privacy? The ad-blocking browser Brave is testing a new feature that taps the Tor network to anonymize your web traffic.
On Thursday, Brave announced the beta feature, which lets you open special tabs inside the browser that'll start a Tor session. All web browsing done inside these tabs is conducted over the Tor network, which scrambles your computer's IP address to prevent websites and ISPs from tracking you.
The beta feature, called "Private Tabs with Tor," is now available in Brave's 0.23 desktop release. "We're excited about providing our users with a new way to protect the privacy of their browsing habits, especially as more sites and advertisers are using tracking techniques and abusing user trust," the company said.
Brave, launched in 2016, comes from former Mozilla CEO Brendan Eich, who's taken a privacy-first approach in designing the product. Other browsers have privacy modes, but they can still expose your IP address and the sites you're visiting to your ISP and employer.
"The 'private' or 'incognito' browsing mode that others offer is not truly private," Brave said. "Those tabs mostly stop other people that use your device from seeing where you've been."
In response, Brave decided to integrate Tor into its product. Activists, journalists, cybercriminals, and others already use Tor's own browser to help keep their online activities anonymous.
What's different with Brave's implementation? Mainly convenience. You can open normal tabs in the browser, and then Tor-powered tabs alongside them — all within one window.
However, using Tor does have some drawbacks, such as slow access speeds. It also doesn't offer complete online anonymity, especially when used incorrectly.
"Brave's implementation of Private Tabs using Tor is experimental and has some known leaks which we intend to fix in future versions," the company said. "We recommend using Tor Browser if you need protection against websites or eavesdroppers using sneaky techniques to uncover your true IP address."


Take Action to Give Georgia a Raise!
Take action to support raising the minimum wage in Georgia to $15 an hour which will lift thousands of workers in our state out of poverty and off public assistance.
Georgia workers making just $7.25 an hour leaves a family of three stuck below the poverty line. We see everyday families and workers struggling to get by in our communities and neighborhoods for no reason. Workers deserve better pay and we can change their lives by making sure that Georgia State Legislators vote for our communities and our families this year by raising the state minimum wage to $15 an hour.
We deserve better in our state, we deserve leaders and politicians that care about the needs of our families and communities. We need Georgia State Legislators to walk into the capitol and show us that they have the backs of hardworking Georgians instead of big business and multinational corporations. We need them to vote in the interests of everyday working people and put the needs of our state's residents above all else.
Currently, our state minimum wage is $5.15. If it weren't for the Federal Government Minimum Wage at $7.25 thousands of workers in our state would be making even less than they already do. All the while some Georgia Politicians claim that there is no need for a minimum wage at all. However, across the nation and especially here in Georgia, workers are standing up and saying that enough is enough. Workers in our communities are demanding $15 an hour and won't rest until their wages are raised! Thousands of workers making minimum wages are demanding a raise in wages so they can take care of themselves and their families without having to rely on public assistance.
We need you to stand with Georgia workers and take action here to support $15 an hour for Georgia!


RS Components has a new product, Sphero's SPRK+, which is created to offer students with hands-on computer programming education. Sphero includes the understanding that play is a powerful teacher and its SPRK+ presents engaging activities and lesson plans for STEAM learning.
The new product supports the company's longstanding programme to promote the learning and development of the engineers of tomorrow, both at school and higher academic levels. Created to inspire creativity and invention, the robot provides a full hands-on experience for young people to learn about programming, robotics and share their creations with a community of other users.
Each robot has an extremely durable scratch-resistant UV-coated polycarbonate shell and offers an attractive built-in LED-supplied glow. It is controlled by users via Bluetooth Smart over a 100ft range and can move at up to 4.5mph, or 2m/s. The device can be easily charged up via inductive charging, which offers more than one hour of use on a full battery. New product features can be introduced via app and firmware updates.


A 50% deposit must be paid to secure your booking. The final 50% of your invoice must be paid 7 days prior to your event. If guest numbers increase after your final payment has been made, you will receive another invoice with the difference to be paid.
Any rubbish brought in by The Blonde Butler will be removed. If you require rubbish removal for your event please discuss this with your Event Manager.


As settlers came into Georgia from Pennsylvania, Virginia, and the Carolinas they bought with them circle, line, and square dances which included the schottische, the minute and the Virginia Reel. Their form of square dance was 2-couple squares called Appalachian or Eastern Square Dance. This form was well established by 1850 and continued in both public halls and private homes will into the 1980's.
Western (4 couples) Square Dancing was popularized nationally through the publication of "Cowboy Dances" by Lloyd "Pappy" Shaw and his exhibition and touring group from the Cheyenne Mountain School in the late 1930's. Another of the early Western Square Dance Caller and Teacher was Ed Gilmore, who toured and taught dancers and callers in the late 1940's. By the early 1950's Western Square Dancing had established a number of calls and figures that continued to grow and change as more callers established Square Dance Clubs.
However, in Georgia Western Square Dance Clubs were established in the late 1940's by callers such as Ruy Camp, Frank Scoggins, Jamie Newton, Jim Mayo, Pee Wee Meyer, and Larry Clack. As Western Square Dancing grew a number of callers favored different calls and wrote new calls and choreographed different dances and the calls of one caller may have been considerably different than that of another caller. The establishment of Callerlab in 1974 standardized the list of Square Dance Calls we know today.
As near as can be determined, a group of Appalachian Square Dancers in Jefferson, Georgia hired Larry Clack in 1958 to teach Western Square Dance resulting in the formation of Happy Squares as the first square dance club in Northeast Georgia.
Lamar McLendon was the first president of Lakeshore Squares and Frank Veal the caller. Lakeshore Squares had 44 members: Shirley & Eugene Byrd, Margie & Charles Barron, Martha & David Harris, Martha & Carlton Lester, Margie & Lamar McLendon, Raynell & Charles Sims, Joyce & Cecil Smith, Mary & Robert Smith, Linda & Donald Stewart, Peggy & James (Tex) Webb, Joyce & Ed Hutson, Mr. & Mrs. W.J. Trunkey, Florene & Kenneth Hudgins, Evelyn & Felton McKenzie, Wana & Dewey Smith, Kathryn & Ted McCall, Berta & Tony (TJ) Still, Kathryn & Jack Hogsed, Carol & Kay Darrocott, Betty & Charles Overman, Mildred & Fred Hamphill, Polly & Marty Herron. Monthly membership dues were $1.50 per person.
In 1970, Lakeshore Squares was represented by at least two couples, Herbert and Marie Bruce and Bob and Paula Allen, at the Presidential Inauguration of Jimmy Carter. They danced at the Inaugural Ball with about 120 other Georgia Square Dancers.
During the 1980's and 1990's, membership varied in the range of 50 to 75. By the year 2000, the club had dwindled down to 23 members when Herbert and Marie Bruce were elected Presidents and vowed the club would not die. Together with Theo and Linda Johnson, they begin an extensive publicity campaign, arranged the use of the YMCA facility for classes and convinced Rudy Saunders, our caller, to teach class for half of the Split-the-Pot at each lesson. The primary successful recruitment technique was one-on-one contact with potential students. The first class saw 120 students of which 80 became club members in 2001. The Bruce's remained presidents for two more years and saw 80 students and 60 members in 2002 and 60 students and 40 members in 2003, proving that a club can come back if its leadership and club members are willing to do the hard work. The club's largest membership was 126 dancers. Lakeshore Squares remains one of the largest square dance clubs in NE Georgia today. The club continues active class recruitment and square dancing today.


Your best friend Charmed! Precious realistic TRUE3-D pet memorial jewelry. Not just your breed but your very own loving pet. Available in two sizes Original or Jr.. in sterling silver, 14K yellow or 14K white gold.
Original is approximately 20 mm 3/4"
Jr. is approximately 16 mm 5/8"
Pendant come with bale and optional chain.
or optional Swivel Clip Clasp for your charm bracelet.
• solid precious metals, never plated.
• created with sophisticated software to produce exceptional detail.
• individually handcrafted in realistic TRUE3-D, not printed or engraved.
images with creases, scratches & scuffs through pet cannot be accepted.
accepted file formats are .jpg & .bmp (.jpg can be uploaded. .bmp must be emailed.
Please do not send us an irreplaceable image. While we make every effort to return your photograph to you in its original condition, accidents do happen and it would be unfortunate for your image to be damaged in the mail. Please make a copy of your photograph for us to work from and we will return it to you with your order.
If your photo is not already on your computer save it to a directory so you will know where it is. The photo should be jpeg format.
Click on the browse button on the order page.
Locate and open the folder that your photo is in.
Highlight the file name by clicking on it one time.
Click on the open button or double click on the file name to add it.