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Music-Motor Therapy Program Improving the Lives of Toddlers with NF1
Working on motor skills during a Spring Beat NF class with St. Louis Children's Hospital Physical Therapist, Courtney Dunn, PT, DPT.
The Washington University NF Center and Jazz St. Louis recently wrapped up another successful Beat NF session. This unique music-motor therapy program utilizes jazz music and motor therapy to help the NF1 preschool population overcome developmental delays commonly seen in this genetic condition. Earlier this summer, twelve toddlers with NF1 attended weekly classes in St. Louis' Grand Center at The Harold and Dorothy Steward Center for Jazz. To increase jazz music knowledge and awareness, local jazz musicians played live music throughout each 75-minute class while the children engaged in a variety of gross and fine motor movement activities.
After 5 weeks of attending class and working on motor skills at home through weekly homework assignments, many parents reported a greater appreciation for jazz music and improvements in their child's jumping and balancing skills. Rae Gilliam, mother to Caroline (a Beat NF program participant), shared with us her journey from receiving Caroline's diagnosis to attending Beat NF, where she and Caroline found comfort in a supportive environment geared toward growth.
Rae Gilliam with daughter Caroline at Beat NF.
"I will never forget the comfort I received during our first visit to the NF Clinic when Dr. Gutmann told me that the Washington University NF Center would adopt our family as we learned of our daughter's diagnosis. That statement was projected by every staff member's approach during the rest of our visit. I was nervous, but so grateful to be invited to the Beat NF jazz music-motor therapy program. The whole process of filling out extensive medical history, working through the personal evaluation, and receiving the initial diagnosis can be overwhelming. Not only did our interaction with the Beat NF staff build morale and help comfort our fears of the unknown, there was overwhelming support from fellow families facing similar genetic delays. As a parent, you want the best for your child. At Beat NF, I find solace in seeing that others do, too.
During a typical Beat NF class, our daughter gets the full gamete of developmental support. Jazz music education, physical therapy, social skill development and speech therapy all woven together during the 75 minute class. Songs are built upon and added weekly, so children can master the lyrics and motor movements. While we enjoy jazz, our affection for the music therapy has incited a cross-sectional appreciation for the benefits of music-based physical therapy. We wish we could attend sessions year round!"
Recognizing the significant impact of this program on the NF community, KMOV Journalist, Kelly Davis, visited our first class and highlighted the Beat NF program on her morning news segment on channel 4.
Interested in joining us for the fall Beat NF session? Reserve your child's spot today by emailing the program coordinator, Kirsten Brouillet.
NF Center Volume 2, 2016 Newsletter
Check out the NF Center Volume 2, 2016 newsletter (pdf) to read about the NF Center's 3rd biennial Research Symposium.
Additionally, learn about:
Recent research in the Gutmann Laboratory that is bringing us one step closer to being able to individually tailor how we monitor and treat people with NF1.
Beat NF, the NF Center's music-motor therapy program for toddlers with NF1, received national recognition in JazzTimes.
If you haven't already, be sure to also take a look at our previous issues of the quarterly newsletter for additional NF-related research updates and patient spotlights!
YOU'RE INVITED: Spring 2016 Beat NF
Join us for a one-of-a-kind jazz music experience, seamlessly integrated with gross motor and social skill activities. Beat NF, a jazz music-motor therapy program for toddlers and young children (ages 2 – 5 years) with NF1, was developed by a team of St. Louis Children's Hospital therapists and Jazz St. Louis musicians. Each class focuses on improving gross motor skills often delayed in children with NF1, while also offering a platform to progress language, social and behavioral skills in preparation for kindergarten.
During each class, the children participate in carefully planned activities that aid in further development of the following skills:
Strength, balance and coordination of all muscle groups, under the supervision of a physical therapist
Expressive and receptive language skills to improve communication
Social confidence to encourage group play, taking turns, using manners and building friendships
Exposure to live jazz music and history including learning about famous jazz musicians and the instruments they mastered
Courtney Dunn, PT, DPT, a St. Louis Children's Hospital physical therapist, will work directly with both parents and children to help facilitate the motor goals of this curriculum-based, enrichment program.
To learn more about how this program can benefit your child and to register for upcoming sessions, please visit our events page.
Beat NF Program Highlighted in JazzTimes
This article, written by Jeff Tamarkin, originally appeared in JazzTimes on March 24, 2016.
The sight of a group of children dancing happily to live music never gets old. And when those kids have been diagnosed with a genetic disorder called neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), and exposure to jazz has proven to have a positive factor in their therapy, the joy factor skyrockets. NF1, which can cause a litany of problems, affects one in 2,500 to 3,000 people of all ages—it's more common than muscular dystrophy. In young children, it can lead to numerous medical, motor and learning issues, as well as problems with socialization. Traditional therapies can help, but for many kids, they're not enough.
That's where Dr. David Gutmann comes in. A professor of neurology and director of the Washington University Neurofibromatosis (NF) Center in St. Louis, Mo., Dr. Gutmann and his team, in tandem with St. Louis Children's Hospital and Jazz St. Louis, two years ago created Beat NF, a therapy program that uses live jazz to treat toddlers with NF1, for which there is no known cure as yet.
"We noticed that kids that have NF1 require a multidisciplinary approach," he says, "and we needed to bring a number of different ideas and approaches to bear. The reason that we decided to use jazz is that the beat established in jazz provides a framework for us to begin to address movement and timing and attention, things that are really problematic for these young kids. The live interaction helps them make connections. It provides visual cues and a more interactive experience."
Why jazz? "Jazz and medicine share a bunch of common principles," Dr. Gutmann says. "One is improvisation and the other is collaboration. What we do all the time with our kids, particularly our young kids, is try to solve medical problems with information and tools that are immediately at hand, as you try to do when you're onstage improvising. We don't always have all the information. We don't always have the most advanced tools at any one time. We have what we have and we apply that to the situations that we're dealing with."
The toddlers, of course, do not know they are hearing jazz played by area pro musicians. For them it's just fun to respond to music, which is always performed live, never in recorded form. But for many of the children, it's their first exposure to live music of any kind, and thus the therapeutic process also becomes a teaching moment. They even get to join in. "They're mesmerized," says Dr. Gutmann. "And the inclusion of [specialized educational] instruments, where you actually can't play a wrong note, allows them to become further engaged. It's the same sort of feedback that we get in a live jazz concert. You get to see how the music is made, how the fingering of the piano actually produces music, what's happening with the innards of the piano. The kids are fascinated by that."
Dr. Gutmann says that the program, which uses "kid-friendly jazz, nothing too extreme," has produced measurable results. "The more you activate parts of the brain, the more the kids become functional and new connections are made. It could be healing in that respect." Jazz, with its pronounced rhythms, seems to have a more noticeable effect than other genres of music. "We can vary the music in terms of speed and tailor it to just the right challenge for these kids," he says.
He hopes to expand the program within St. Louis at first, but eventually it could be used in other locations, and could possibly be applied to other conditions, including cerebral palsy and autism.
View additional JazzTimes articles at jazztimes.com. To view upcoming Beat NF sessions for your toddler with NF1, please visit our upcoming events calendar.
Wrapping Up Another Successful Beat NF Session!
Harold and Dorothy Steward Center for Jazz
The fall Beat NF session wrapped up this past Wednesday with our toddler participants, both new and seasoned veterans to the program, enjoying five weeks of play-based motor-music therapy in the Centene Education Center classroom on the top floor of the Harold and Dorothy Steward Center for Jazz.
A typical Beat NF class begins with the children picking a spot in a circle while Skyler Brussee, Master of Music Therapy Program at Maryville University Student, starts the class by leading our "Hello Song," one of the many program elements focusing on development of appropriate social skills. During this song, the group welcomes our friends and leaders: Pops on the piano, St. Louis Children's Hospital Physical Therapists Courtney Dunn and Sarah Hickey, and our mystery musical guest (a local musician who accompanies the piano). Throughout a series of songs and carefully planned fine and gross motor activities, our team then leads the children on a journey of play, planned social interactions, motor therapy work and music education.
The therapeutic goals of the program are so carefully woven throughout each 75 minute class that the children are all smiles even when being challenged and pushed to their limits by the physical therapists. When St. Louis Children's Hospital Physical Therapist Courtney Dunn, PT, DPT asks a participant to walk across a balance beam on tip toes, it might be more difficult for a child with NF1 for a variety of reasons, including decreased muscle tone throughout the body, balance issues or a bone abnormality within the leg. Each child with NF1 presents their own expression of this genetic disorder, and each child has his or her own set of struggles. By integrating therapeutic goals into a new song or game and frequently redirecting the class to focus on new activities, the kids stay focused and engaged.
Resting after the musical thunderstorm
The children also learn about a variety of musical instruments, getting the chance to pluck an upright bass string, push the valves of a trumpet and bang on a drum. During our last class, Skyler led the children in creating a musical thunderstorm, producing the sounds of howling wind, pounding rain and blasts of thunder on their own individual drums.
No one ever leaves a Beat NF class without a smile on their face. That's the common feature we all share on our way out the door after each class. Every activity is thoughtfully woven into a song, and every song is fun and catchy, easy to learn but updated for each class by switching out various motor movements.
Our long-term plan is to grow this program by adding new activities, songs, instruments and friends! Please join us for our Spring 2016 Beat NF session (specific dates in March-April 2016 to be determined). To learn more about Beat NF, check out our informational video introduction to the program.
– Written by Kirsten Brouillet, Team NF Coordinator
Beat NF is a play-based, motor-music therapy program for toddlers with NF1. NF1 is a set of complex genetic disorders that affects almost every organ system, causing a predisposition for tumors to grow on nerves in the brain and throughout the body. Kirsten Brouillet is the Team NF Coordinator at the Washington University Neurofibromatosis Center and has been involved with Beat NF since its inception in 2013. Contact Kirsten at brouilletk@neuro.wustl.edu for more information about this and other Washington University NF Center complementary care programs.
Washington University NF Center – Spring 2015 Newsletter
It's officially spring, and we at the Washington University NF Center are excited to kick off another year of providing exceptional care through groundbreaking research!
Check out the spring 2015 newsletter for some of our most popular recent research updates, information about our upcoming Club NF and Beat NF events and more. Some of the highlights in this issue include:
Discovery of new treatments for optic pathway gliomas
HEC-TV Innovations features Washington University NF Center
Study uncovers potential origin of plexiform neurofibromas
Dine out for NF fundraiser a success
Be sure to also take a look at our previous newsletter issues.
Washington University NF Center Winter 2014 Newsletter
2014 might be winding down, but the Washington University NF Center is still hard at work in our research laboratories and at our innovative outreach programs, like Beat NF and Club NF!
Check out the winter 2014 newsletter for some of our most popular research articles, a reflection on our successful fall Beat NF event and more! Some of the highlights include:
Walk Family Makes Donation to Support NF Research
Understanding the Diverse Clinical Features of NF1
Researcher Profile: Sidney Williams, PhD
New Drug Shows Promise for NF1 Plexiform Neurofibromas
Be sure to take a look at our previous newsletters as well!
Fall 2014 Beat NF Program Another Success!
We had our last session of the fall 2014 Beat NF program yesterday, and I already know I will miss my five little friends next Wednesday morning. Beat NF, a jazz, music therapy program for toddlers with NF Type 1, concluded this morning after six successful weeks. Through the collaborative efforts of Jazz St. Louis, the Washington University Neurofibromatosis (NF) Center, and St. Louis Children's Hospital (SLCH), a unique play-based therapy group for toddlers has been born. I have worked side by side with our SLCH therapist, Courtney Dunn, PT, DPT, and musicians from Jazz St. Louis and I am amazed at the way we have all evolved both individually and as a group.
A typical Beat NF class is 75 minutes long. We begin with a Hello Song where we greet each friend individually. "Hello Kirsten, how are you today? Hello Kirsten, we sure hope you stay!" Our goal during each class is to assess and help improve the motor skills, balance and coordination of each child. For instance, balancing on one leg or marching while clapping. Another goal has been to work on social skills; look people in the eye when you "shake a hand" or introducing your friend with a clear, confident voice. Some of these skills were easy from week one or two (shake your maracas way up high). Some of these skills have taken weeks to develop (introducing your friend by name was something we worked on during the last session). Because each week builds on the last (with four repeated songs that have new motor challenges), the children could grow in confidence as they mastered a new skill or learned the words to a song. What a success for all involved!
You might be wondering how motor therapy and jazz music are connected. Jazz music has evolved over many decades citing many different influences, such as blues and ragtime. Jazz music involves a complex blend of syncopation (different rhythms working together) and improvisation (creating music without preparation). We have carefully constructed each set of motor activities to build on the previous week and to help strengthen each individual child's balance, motor and coordination skills. While we have carefully planned our weekly motor goals, jazz music has allowed each child to improvise, create and explore in a small, safe setting. By the third week, our kids were really proud to show us their skills while working side by side with their peers (who are now friends). It has been a very organic process; the music and the motor work syncing together. Each week we enjoyed a visit from a new jazz artist with a new instrument (along with the consistency of Phil Dunlap of Jazz St. Louis and his piano) which was exciting for all involved. Our visitor answered questions and even let the kids touch their instruments!
Several families have shared with us how their child is responding to these weekly classes. One parent said the she loves talking to her child in the evening "about what he did and the instruments he got to play". Another mother shared that her child's speech therapist noticed a marked improvement in her child's motor skills after only three weeks of Beat NF. Courtney Dunn, physical therapist, personally worked with each child during the six weeks, and was able to track and measure motor improvements during this session. According to Dunn, "The joy of Beat NF is watching the children develop their gross motor skills while being involved in other activities which push them to a new level that they might not reach during a typical physical therapy session."
I believe I can speak on behalf of all of my partners in the creation of Beat NF that we can't wait for the spring 2015 session. We will make adjustments that we feel are necessary and will arrive in the spring with an even more clear direction about the future goals of Beat NF. The children who joined us this fall were happy and excited to spend 75 minutes with us each Wednesday and I simply can't wait to do it again next year.
For more information about Beat NF, please contact Kirsten Brouillet at brouilletk@neuro.wustl.edu.
Written by guest blogger, Kirsten Brouillet, Team NF Coordinator.
SAVE THE DATE – Join Us at Fall 2014 Beat NF!
The Washington University NF Center, in collaboration with the St. Louis Children's Hospital Foundation and Jazz St. Louis, is proud to host the fall 2014 Beat NF Together 6-week program starting on Wednesday October 15 at the Harold and Dorothy Steward Center for Jazz in downtown St. Louis.
Beat NF is a toddler and parent jazz music therapy group focused on developing social skills, attentions skills and motor skills in toddlers with NF1, while fostering parent-child interactions and jazz appreciation. Our goal is to provide an opportunity for caretakers and toddlers to strengthen personal interactions while developing skills often delayed in children with NF1 through the power of music. Each session of Beat NF affords toddlers a chance to improve social skills by singing together, work on attention skills through group music creation and practice motor skills using dance and play. In addition to music therapy, toddlers and caretakers hear jazz music from local artists and learn about jazz as an art form and creative outlet.
The Washington University NF Center is very excited for the upcoming Beat NF sessions and we hope you can join us! If you are interested in attending, please contact Kirsten Brouillet at brouilletk@neuro.wustl.edu.
Washington University NF Center Fall 2014 Newsletter
Hot off the press – check out our fall 2014 newsletter!
Washington University NF Center Family Celebrates Final Day of Chemotherapy
Researchers Publish Findings on New Plexiform Neurofibroma Treatment
Beat NF: Understanding how Music Therapy Helps Children with NF1
Join us at 2014 fuNFest!


Curious about Linux? (Many of us are.) Wondering if you should put it on one of your PCs and venture out into a different realm that some of our geek friends constantly tell us is "better" (or even "vastly better") than Windows?
During the installation process, you can choose to install Ubuntu to run within Windows (with slightly limited functionality), using the Wubi installer. Or you can take the full plunge and install Ubuntu outside of Windows. You can put it in a separate partition and create a Windows-Linux dual-boot setup. Or you can replace Windows with Linux, after carefully backing up all of your important data.
Ubuntu Made Easy: A Project-Based Introduction to Linux offers plenty of clear how-to information, screen shots, and step-by-step tips in its 22 chapters and four appendices. One detailed chapter covers how to fix common problems that may be encountered. The book's cover is goofy, but the contents are solid.
Specifically, the projects range from (1) setting up printers, scanners, flash drives and other devices so they work with Linux, to(2) creating documents, spreadsheets, and presentations with the office-related applications, to (3) installing and playing free games and editing and sharing digital videos and photographs, to (4) using or staying away from the Linux command line.
Ubuntu Made Easy is not a book that will appeal to "seasoned geeks or power users" with Linux experience, the authors concede. But it does take a lot of the mystery out of what "running Linux" actually means.
The book and Ubuntu CD can make it simple and affordable for many computer users to see what much of the hype and hoopla over Linux is all about — and then decide, from first-hand experience, if they want to join in or not.


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If you would like to buy in bulk for your church or men's group you can purchase a box of 50 magazines for just $295.
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I'm coming with another fast fashion DIY for you guys. By now, ya'll know I love me some embellishments, whether pearl or otherwise. I last DIY'd a pair of denim jeans (seen here) with pearls and I decided to use some left over pearls to customize my my own wool coat.
I've noticed pearl coats all over, particularly in pastel shades which I love! I initially purchased this pearl embellished coat, but found it too light for the season so I returned it. Upon doing so, it sparked an idea. I can make my own pearl embellished coat! So, I went to my closet and tried to hunt down my crimson red wool coat I had thrifted for $5 years ago. Unfortunately, I couldn't find it but on the rack, I did come across my oversized cocoon wool coat from a few years ago.
It was an unseasonably warm day today so I took full advantage and wore my DIY pearl coat, grey skinny leggings, and my Manolo Blank pumps for a chill but chic brunch look. I went all monochromatic with the exception of pairing it with a white button down.
I recorded the DIY for you guys. It's fairly simple. All you need is a lot of flat back pearls and gem glue. Make sure you follow my Youtube channel and like and comment so I know you guys like videos like these so I can continue to dish them out!


Are You Cooking?: Fiddlehead, Goat's Cheese and Pancetta Frittata - IHCC Fresh From The Field!
Fiddlehead, Goat's Cheese and Pancetta Frittata - IHCC Fresh From The Field!
It's that time of year when fiddleheads are available so I had to feature them in a dish, of course. I don't have many recipes that call for the pretty unfurled fronds of the ostrich fern but they work in dishes that feature asparagus or leafy greens. My inspiration this time was Hugh Fearnley-Whittingstall's Spinach, Bacon and Goat's Cheese Frittata from his book River Cottage Every Day.
I replaced the bacon with 75g pancetta, a little less than the recipe calls for, and precooked the fiddleheads (for food safety reasons) before adding them to the egg mixture but otherwise made no changes to the recipe. The method of partially cooking the frittata stove top, then finishing it under the broiler worked perfectly.
The shallots, Parmesan and pancetta worked well with the fiddleheads and the mild chèvre didn't overwhelm the delicate flavour of my star ingredient. I will definitely make this again.
I'm linking this post to I Heart Cooking Clubs for this week's theme of Fresh From the Field.
I have gotten fiddleheads at the farmers market several times this season and love their incredible texture and flavor. It's very creative the way you adapt this recipe to use fiddleheads. Marvelous idea!
It has been ages I ate these fiddleheads! Your dish looks enticing.
The fiddleheads are so pretty and they definitely play the star of this dish! I've never seen them here in Kentucky but I always keep my eyes open.
Thank you for visiting. I'd love to hear from you.


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India's leader: a two-year assessment
Bob Smith
Books | Can a personalised leadership style achieve results in this diverse and complex country?
The Indian PM's foreign ambitions can mean domestic decisions are put on hold: Narendra Modi and other world leaders in Beijing in September this year. GCIS
Modi and His Challenges
By Rajiv Kumar | Bloomsbury | $34.99
The government of Narendra Modi has passed its two-year mark, and the hopes and excitement of the election campaign have well and truly given way to a pragmatic attempt to deliver economic transformation in small steps. In this timely book, Rajiv Kumar, a leading economist with private as well as public sector experience, from Delhi's Centre for Policy Research, sets out to understand the government on its own terms.
At the centre of the book is the prime minister. Kumar summarises Modi's early life, examines how he operated as chief minister of the high-growth state of Gujarat, shows how he carried his centralised model of governance to Delhi, and concludes with an exposition and critique of key policy initiatives. Especially helpful for non-Indian readers is the book's examination of the prime minister's work style and the policy and management challenges he faces.
Don't be put off by an extensive table of Gujarat programs, or by the long appendix to a chapter about current national programs partway through the book. While some readers will object to this unconventional organisation, others will find the extra material useful (as I did) for chasing down details.
Kumar proposes that Modi's approach to government combines elements of Hindutva (Hindu-ness), vigorous nationalism and a drive for development. In this "development state," all important initiatives are driven by a prime minister who wants to see a more efficient (rather than necessarily smaller) public sector, who supports a project-by-project approach rather than an overall vision, and who expects that successive increments will add up to transformations.
Although Kumar is broadly sympathetic, he urges less reliance on centralised leadership and considerable restraint in pursuit of Hindutva. He is sceptical that the project-by-project approach will bring the promised economic benefits and insists on the need for sector-based, labour-intensive strategies to provide jobs and to facilitate growth of the kind that is beneficial across the population. But he also acknowledges that a more complete assessment of the government's prospects is difficult without more information about impacts to date.
The book begins by relating Modi's neo-middle-class, lower-caste background (his father was a tea stall operator at the local railway station) and his emergence as the high-achieving member of an otherwise ordinary family. After leaving an early arranged marriage, and following a period of wandering in search of spiritual learning, he made his early career as an organiser in the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (the RSS, or National Volunteer Organisation), which then assigned him to the Bharatiya Janata Party where, despite being a relative outsider, he came to prominence.
Kumar admits to being puzzled by Modi's personality. Each of his encounters with Modi has left him with a different impression, though several characteristics have become clear: Modi is open to new ideas; he has an eye for detail; and, as his adept use of social media and accomplished photography shows, he is at home with technology. He also follows his own path in a disciplined way. Despite his years in the RSS, he kept the organisation at arm's length when he was chief minister of Gujarat. In government, he tends to act not through institutions but through trusted civil servants.
In Gujarat, as Kumar sees it, Modi operated a paternalistic, centralised administration that focused on development by "getting on with it." He took problems as they came and worked to solve them. Energised bureaucrats, continuous publicity and close relations between government and business provided a sense of achievement. He was helped by the state's relatively strong economic base and by a "globally benign environment." Manufacturing development was relatively labour-intensive and farming as a business was encouraged. Improvements were made to urban and rural infrastructure. The use of IT in government was championed.
But while Kumar is impressed with these achievements and recommends their emulation in other states, he acknowledges that Modi's record in Gujarat remains contested. Health and education received insufficient attention. Not all sections of the community benefited. No overall vision for development emerged. Further, the murderous communal conflicts of 2002, shortly after Modi took office, shouldn't be forgotten. While Kumar believes that an objective analysis of these events is impossible, he hints that they continue to cast a noticeable shadow on national affairs.
The relevance of the prime minister's time in Gujarat is that he seems to be using the same methods in Delhi. Kumar poses questions that are still to be answered. Modi's approach in Gujarat depended on constant learning; will he continue to learn in Delhi? Will he adapt his personalised, centralised, partisan leadership to become an effective rajrishi (a combination of monarch and saint)? For Kumar, the risks Modi faces are a lack of supportive networks like those in Gujarat, an over-dependence on a burgeoning Prime Minister's Office, limited consultation with outsiders, and the expectations of hard-line Hindutva supporters.
As in Gujarat, Modi has demanded improved performance from the national civil service, while continuing to rely heavily on individual officers. His only structural change has been to replace the Planning Commission with the NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India). Kumar favours augmenting the civil service with external skills, including from business. He is sceptical about the NITI Aayog's contribution – especially in managing relations with the states, which now control many of the most important decisions that affect business growth. On top of all this, the prime minister's ambitious initiatives in foreign relations take him out of the country when important decisions have to be made at home. Centralisation in Delhi may entail far greater costs than in Gujarat.
In a section that repays careful reading, Kumar surveys the extensive range of projects initiated by the government, including the "Make in India" scheme to promote manufacturing and exports; Swachh Bharat (Clean India), aimed at cleaning up cities and towns, and building lavatories to discourage still-prevalent open defecation; the Aadhar identity-card system, which also facilitates digital transfer of money and benefits; "Smart Cities" and "Digital India," to extend the use of IT in government and society; and many more.
Kumar highlights not only the problems in implementation, but also the magnitude of the economic development task. To catch up with China and Korea, with which India once compared in its per capita income, India needs to grow for years at double-digit rates and create one million new jobs each month. Unfortunately, Kumar argues, recent annual growth rates of approximately 7.5 per cent are not translating into employment growth and, in any case, growth won't fix all problems that India faces.
To conclude, Kumar surveys four sectors – agriculture, manufacturing and exports, infrastructure, and education – in which much more needs to be done. In particular, he argues that a project-driven strategy needs to be replaced by strategic approaches that cover each sector. He maintains that transformation by small steps will not take place without an expanded vision and a management philosophy that looks beyond inputs to outcomes. He places his prescriptions for economic policy in social and political context. He also sees no place for extreme social and religious organisations and urges firm steps in public and private to put them out of business.
Kumar's conclusion is that "India cannot afford Modi to make many mistakes." Whether the prime minister is of a mind – or has the freedom – to take advice of this kind remains to be seen. But for readers wanting to look beyond immediate politics and the controversies surrounding the Modi government, and to understand some of the forces behind events since publication (including the currently controversial "big bang" demonetisation of large banknotes, which the author supports, in an attempt to curb "black money"), Kumar is an accessible and considered guide. In particular, he raises questions about the effectiveness, in a country as diverse and complex as India, of a model of governing that depends more on personal leadership than on the building and deployment of institutional capability. •
Bob Smith is an Adjunct Professor in the School of Management at RMIT University and a former public servant.
Topics: Asia | books | economics | India | South Asia
National Affairs Australia and India: will it be different this time? Robin Jeffrey 14 August 2018 Along with the vast increase in migration, most signs point to increased cooperation between Australia and India Books & Arts Collective madness Ryan Cropp 14 August 2018 Books | George Megalogenis gives a vivid account of the development Australian rules football. But what does it mean for politics? Essays & Reportage Fighting words Peter Cochrane 2 August 2018 Extract | As the first world war approached, anxiety grew about the vulnerability of Australia to attack from the north. A key role was played by the man who would be the… Correspondents "When we vote, we expect change" Erin Handley & Kong Meta 30 July 2018 An inevitable election result in Cambodia has attracted international condemnation and resignation tinged with defiance among supporters of the opposition
Getting the cure
Julie Shiels
In a world-leading public health measure, highly effective anti-virals have been made available to treat Hepatitis C under the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme
Waiting: the liver clinic at Melbourne's Alfred Hospital. Julie Shiels

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Eostre was pleased! SLPS honored and celebrated Ostara on Saturday, March 21, 2015 at 8pm. This Spring Equinox was special because of a solar eclipse, super moon and the equinox trifecta, all on one day. Lots of juice to pull down for the ritual! The altar was set, offerings of boiled eggs and wine. A sprig of plum, flowered with beautiful pinks delicates, and yellow daffodils adorned the Goddess. Sacred music was played in her honor and the Lord Herne. A simple yet powerful right, keeping the traditions alive.
SLPS had a great time at the University of Utah Vegas Night doing palm reading for students. SLPS was invited to read palms for two hours, 6-8pm on Wednesday, March 11, 2015 at the Student Union Building. These fun activities allow the members of SLPS to gain practice in those areas of divination and provide a free spiritual service for the students.
SLPS enjoyed reading tarot and a few palms at the 14th Annual Belly Dance Spring Fest this past Saturday, March 7, 2015 at the Utah State Fairground Promontory building. Each year Thia puts on the Fest and encourages dance, cultural, and festivities for the belly dance community in Salt Lake City. Readings went first for $10, then for $5 as traffic was slow. The pace picked up after lunch as more folks came out for the Saturday afternoon and evening shows.


For years, we had 8- 10 dogs at our animal rescue. I ended up finding out I am severely allergic to dogs and had been "masked" to my allergies, but the dander had been causing severe inflammation. A veterinarian/researcher at Cambridge University found the dog dander protein that causes these life threatening reactions. Dander sets off "TLR4's" in certain people. She has told me that she is working with drug companies to develop a TLR4 blocker drug and might have something in about 5 years. These toll like receptors are involved in many inflammatory diseases- IBD, asthma, brain allergies, chemical sensitivities, and more. In June of 2014, my reactions escalated and were life threatening. We had to part with the 8 dogs we had, some were not placeable due to age, behavior and health issues. It was the worst thing I have dealt with in my 60 years. I am beyond heartbroken and devastated, but there are 23 equines and two sheep depending on me, so life must go on. Another small local sanctuary took anyone they could and we thank them. We are continuing to support them.
We spend a lot of time networking and finding forever homes for homeless dogs. We fostered and rehabbed about 10 dogs in the past 4 years and sent them on to new homes. By networking to my list of thousands of dog lovers, we help find homes for many more dogs. We also "pull" dogs from death row at shelters and coordinate transport to new, loving homes.
We urge everyone to support The Rabies Challenge Fund research project.
In addition to low thyroid, LYME disease can also cause unexplained aggression. Click here to read more.
JERAS would like to thank the Pedigree Foundation for the grants we received in 2010 & 2011. It was very helpful to us and purchased a lot of dog food. Pedigree really cares about dogs and dog rescues!


Thank you for your interest in contacting us at www.dangerousdogsact.com.
This is an informational website. The information contained on this site is of a general nature and primarily refers to the legal situation in the United Kingdom.
Dangerousdogsact.com does not provide case related legal advice or opinions on any specific canine issues whatsoever. No correspondence relating to individual cases will be entered into.
If you have a legal question relating to a dog behavior issue then please contact local law enforcement or a legal professional in your home country.
Please do not send requests for advice on specific cases as we cannot enter into these discussions for legal reasons.


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Q: do these conditions guarantee differentiability at a? Let F, be a function that has the following properties:
For all H>0  there is a point "x" e ]a,a+H] such that f(x)=f(a)
Is this function differentiable at "a"?
For all G>0 there is a point "y" e]a,a+G] such that f(y) is different from f(a)
Is this function differentiable at "a

A: No, $f$ need not be differentiable at $a$. Consider the function
$$
f(x) := \mathbf{1}_{\mathbb{Q}}(x)
$$
on $\mathbb{R}$. Clearly, $f(0) = 1$ and for each $H > 0$ there exists a rational number $x \in (0,H)$ such that $f(x) = 1 = f(0)$. However, because $f$ is nowhere continuous, it cannot be differentiable at $0$.

Edit. OP has changed the question and also added the condition that for every $G > 0$ there exists a point $y \in (a,a+G)$ such that $f(y) \neq f(a)$. By the density of $\mathbb{R} \setminus \mathbb{Q}$, we see that the function $f$ defined above also satisfies this property.
However, there does indeed exist a function satisfying both these requirements that is differentiable at $a$. Consider the function $ f: \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}$ given by
$$
f(x) := \begin{cases}
x^2 & \text{if } x \in \mathbb{Q},\\
0 & \text{if } x \notin \mathbb{Q}.
\end{cases}
$$
It is not too hard to check that $f$ is differentiable at $0$. Moreover, an argument similar to that used above shows that this function satisfies both required properties at $a=0$.

A: No. All this means is that the is a decreasing sequence of points $x_n\to a$ on which $f$ is constant. $f$ could take any value everywhere else.
For example, put $S=\{1/n\mid n\in \mathbb N\}\cup\{0\}$ and define $f=\chi_S$ (characteristic function which is $1$ on $S$ and $0$ elsewhere). Now consider $a=0$.

Addendum: (OP has changed the question) The conditions you specify neither guarantee nor prohibit differentiability at $a$.

Consider also $g(x)=x^2\sin \tfrac1x$, which is differentiable at $0$ (defining $g(0)=0$).
Both $f$ and $g$ satisfy your conditions (taking $a=0$), while $g$ is differentiable at $0$ and $f$ is not.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Many people who believe in karma (the law of cause and effect in respect to previous incarnations if you believe in that) have the concept that the negative situations that happen to them are a type of karmic debt. That somehow they deserve whatever bad things have befallen them, either in business, or in relationships. I completely disagree with the concept that what is happening to you in this life is due to a past life debt that you have to pay off.
That makes no sense since we do not remember what we did, if this is true, and therefore will not have any feelings of remorse and repentance. This comment is often followed by how to be happy and end the pains of life.
Happiness is in your mind, but to feel it we must first conquer our mind from its tendency to be dwelling on negative thoughts. The only way to end pain is to see events objectively as they are.
Emotional pain is purely intellectual. When you do not get what you want, you feel pain. However, if you accept what you get, then you will not feel pain. This is simply logical. If I accept what I get without any reluctance, resistance or negative emotion towards it, I cannot feel any pain by it. Thus we can conclude that pain is caused by a denial or refusal of the objective reality of a situation.
Take everything that comes into your life, every event as it is instead of saying; "No, I do not want this, I want that", and you will end all pain in your life. It has nothing to do with karma at all, it is all right here and now and all in your own attitude, thus all in your own mind.
That is just an excuse so one can suffer and feel self-pity without any concern that it is totally self inflicted pain that could just as easily be avoided. If there is no pain, the natural law of opposites leaves no other choice but happiness.
The reality is that the pain is felt because you are not accepting things simply as they are and in order to end pain, you have to give up your egoistic desires and accept your fate. It is only a child who expects everything to go their way and throws a temper tantrum if they do not get what they want. I suppose it is because so many people stay at the maturity level of a five year old that there is so much unnecessary pain in our lives.
Rather than change themselves, many people will put it all on the concept of karma or fate or that God hates them, stay the same and continue to suffer throughout their whole life every time they do not get what they want. That way they never have to put in the effort to mature and accept the responsibilities of an adult.
You feel pain in your heart, stomach, body, mind, emotions. There is an interesting fact about that pain. You are the only one who feels it. Other people may have some compassion for you and empathize with your pain, but if you are happy, they would not have any feeling of pain for you. The pain is all in your own mind.
That means you are the source and master of that pain. After all, nothing reaches your mind other than through your intellect which interprets the situation and gives it a flavor of good or bad once it passes the test of fulfilling or denying your desires.
As they say in the movies; "You are either with me or against me, friend or foe." Friends make me feel good, enemies make me angry. What if you changed your reasons to determine if someone was a friend or enemy?
Let's say you are driving down the road and someone is chasing after you. You try to get away because you are scared they want to attack you. As the chase goes on, you get more and more angry and hate that person more each second. The fear and anger continue to build until finally your pursuer gets up to the side of your car and holds up your handbag. Instantly you realize that this evil person who wanted to kill you is actually someone from the coffee shop where you unknowingly forgot your bag and he is just trying to get it back to you. Your view of the situation, if you feel it is an attack or a friend will totally alter your emotions.
In life, we cannot always have what we want. That would mean that every person on earth, as well as all governments and the global economy must all go the way "I" want it to go. I think we just stepped down to about two years old at this point.
If I may be so bold…Grow up! Life is not going to go the way you want it, you are not God or supreme master of planet earth. It only takes an instant to alter the way you think. Accept everything as it is, that you cannot always have what you want, that emotional pain, even for the death of a loved one, is caused by you not getting what you want. Then accept all things as they are and deal with it as it is.
In this way, your life will be free of emotional pain and suffering, and happiness will be the rule. Give this a try. Little by little, day by day, you will find your life slowly and gradually changing.
I have observed my mind taking a neutral, or even a positive event, and casting it in a negative light. Making myself feel bad for no reason. You've helped me to see that about myself, and in so doing, you have helped me become a happier person. Thank you!


Ugh, I know. I'd love to know what she ate. That poor family.
It mentioned there was peanut butter in something she ate. Maybe a cookie... chili... sandwich... mole sauce... so many risky items.
On Monday June 25, our 15 year old daughter, Alexi Ryann Stafford, while at a friends house, made a fatal choice. There was an open package of Chips Ahoy cookies, the top flap of the package was pulled back and the packaging was too similar to what we had previously deemed "safe" to her. She ate one cookie of chewy Chips Ahoy thinking it was safe because of the "red" packaging, only to find out too late that there was an added ingredient.... Reese peanut butter cups/chips. She started feeling tingling in her mouth and came straight home. Her condition rapidly deteriorated. She went into Anaphylactic shock, stopped breathing and went unconscious. We administered 2 epi pens while she was conscious and waited on paramedics for what felt like an eternity.
Good panel discussion about this. Megyn Kelly admitted she was sometimes annoyed by food restrictions given by school, but she realized this is a good reminder that one child's desire for peanut butter doesn't supercede a child's right to live. Yep, I cried.
Megyn just scored big points with me. That was a terrific segment, and I seriously appreciate that they did it.


The couple are already parents to daughter Lamaisah.
It is the first time he has commented on the leaked video.
The former light-welterweight world champion shrieked and yelped his way to victory.
AMIR KHAN has revealed plans to launch a mixed martial arts league in Britain.
He seemed to get confused about when his daughter was born.
The fans voted in their tens of thousands.
Fans have been having a laugh about Amir's blunder.
BOXER Amir Khan and his wife Faryal Makhdoom Khan spent £100,000 on their daughter Lamaisah's second birthday party.


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Join the Nationwide Vigil for the Internet on November 6th
The FCC is advancing a "hybrid" Internet proposal that will allow cable companies to discriminate and block Internet access. Their move blatantly ignores the demands of more than 4 million public comments demanding for lasting real Title II net neutrality. We're organizing a nationwide vigil to show to the White House, the FCC, and the world, that we will not let corrupt politicians take away the open Internet.
On November 6th, we'll gather at the White House and across government buildings nationwide holding our cell phones, candles, and flashlights up to shine light on the corruption that is unfolding in Washington, DC, and demand a free and uncensored Internet for all.
Can't make it to Washington, DC? You can still join or start the event near you.
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Great. We'll see you there.
Don't forget to tell your friends.
Join our vigil in front of the White House
This is it. The FCC is finalizing its net neutrality proposal right now and it's a fake plan that leaves the door open for Cable companies to censor and abuse Internet access. We don't have much time. The coming days are critical to show President Obama, the FCC, and the world that The Internet will accept nothing less than lasting net neutrality through Title II reclassification.
In Hungary, thousands of citizens just beat back a tyrannical Internet Tax during massive protests where they held their cell phones in the air. A threat to Internet users' freedom anywhere is a threat to internet users' freedom everywhere. On November 6th, we'll hold our phones, candles, and flashlights up to shine light and protest on the shameful "hybrid" proposal President Obama and FCC Chair Tom Wheeler is advancing.
The nationwide vigil will start in DC:
What: Nationwide Vigil to defend free speech and the Internet
When: November 6th, 6pm EST
Where: Lafayette Park, Washington DC (North Front of the White House)
Follow @fightfortheftr on Twitter for breaking updates.
Find a protest near you
Create or join the event near you
With net neutrality at stake, we need to spread the message far and wide. Being a part of the action on November 6th is as easy as tweeting a photo of yourself shining the light of your phone or holding a sign in protest with the hashtag #RealNetNeutrality. With our partner Popular Resistance, we've created a map of actions so you can find or create an action near you.
Click here to see a map of events to find or organize an event near you.
If you'd like to attend a vigil near you, bring your phone, a flashlight, or candle. Bring a sign calling for #RealNetNeutrality too. Once you're at the event, tweet with the hashtag #RealNetNeutrality to show that you're taking part. If you'd like to create an action in your area, use the map and publicize the event with your friends and social network.
Start your own event
Photo of Hungarian citizens protesting Internet Tax by András Hajdú of abcug.hu, used with permission.
A project of Fight for the Future. No copyright intended. Help us by Donating.


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Maureen Teresa Howarth
HOWARTH, Maureen (nee Dennis)
Maureen passed away peacefully at age 83 in Brampton on December 9th, 2020. Maureen was the loving, patient, and devoted wife to Peter Howarth and dedicated mother to her children - Jeannine (Francis LeBouthillier) of Toronto; Shelly (Lou Ferreira) of Brampton; Celeste (Tim Malonie) of Toronto and Jay (Debbie Ferreira) of Barrie. Maureen was an amazing and doting "Nana" to Jake, Zoe, Maddie, Hayden, Aurora & Emma. She will be fondly remembered by her brother Bill (Grace) Dennis, sister Helen (Hugh) Fraser and brother-in-law Brian Howarth (Kathy), along with her many nieces and nephews. She was predeceased by her parents Irene & Corridan Dennis, as well as her sisters Pat, Jeanie, & Marie.
Maureen was a lover of bowling, basketball, and travelling the world. She was an incredible baker who created connection and warmth with all through the comfort of her delicious meals and desserts. She believed there could never been enough food on the table and there was always a "doggy bag" to take home. Maureen brought heart and kindness to all she met and was admired for her efficient, dedicated administrative work with St. Anthony's Parish in Brampton for over 20 years. To many of her children's friends she was known as their second Mom. Those who were blessed to know her, remember her lovely smile that lit up her face and that mischievous glint in her eye that usually came along with a witty pointed retort.
Maureen will be so dearly missed and always loved by her family and friends.
Maureen's family wishes to express their sincere gratitude to those special caregivers that tenderly cared for her in her final years. Due to current Covid restrictions, a private family service will be held on Monday, December 14th, 2020. A celebration of Maureen's life will take place at a later date. In lieu of flowers, a donation to the Heart and Stroke Foundation or Alzheimer Society of Peel would be appreciated. Condolences may be shared on the Mount Pleasant Funeral Centre website www.mountpleasantgroup.com
(The family wishes this to be a private event.)
Mount Pleasant Cemetery, Cremation & Funeral Centres
375 Mount Pleasant Road, Toronto, ON, CANADA, M4T 2V8 Get Directions
Monday, 14 Dec 2020 11:00 AM - 12:00 PM
Info: Please note, due to Covid-19 restrictions, there is a maximum limit of 10 people that can attend this event. For this reason, all those in attendance will be by invitation only.
Monday, 14 Dec 2020 12:00 PM - 1:00 PM
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Here is a link to an online memorial for Maureen Teresa Howarth: https://mountpleasantgroup.permavita.com/site/MaureenTeresaHowarth.html?s=100
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Q: QT: Fonts and their width I have windows that are fixed in size, under which I have textual labels. Although I use the same font, the fonts look different on windows, mac and linux, up to the point where I can't rely on where a label will end, even though the string and the font size are a constant in my application.
Is there any solution to that? Someone mentioned embedding TTF fonts and using them, but is that really necessary?

A: There is no font you can rely on being available on all platforms, and height/width ratios for different strings will differ for different fonts (fixed-width being slightly better). Additionally, things like different DPI settings will cause you headaches even if using the same font. I would rather reconsider whether your widgets really should be fixed size and you need those assumptions about the font size at all. In almost all cases, your UI will be more usable, readable and consistent with the rest of the desktop if you use flexible layouts and stick to whatever font and font size the platform suggests.

A: You can use QFont::setPixelSize to guarantee a consistent font size across platforms.

A: Since the goal is to keep a line of text label from drawing over and out of the window bounds, one solution is to adjust the font size used at runtime.
QFontMetrics provides boundingRect() family of calls to find how must space a text string will take when drawing in a given font. With those, you can test if the string can fit in the space. If it doesn't fit, reduce the font size and test again.


Use this face mist any time during the day to instantly hydrate and energise your skin.
Spritz some water onto your skin, anytime, anywhere!
Use this beauty water whenever you need a little boost of freshness or to set your makeup. Its formula combines the powers of Réotier spring water with hyaluronic acid to hydrate and energise the skin.
I used a facial mist from the other company couple years ago during the summer and when going for a summer holiday. As my skin recently started feeling dryer than usual decided to try this mist together with the prep essence from this range. Mist in comparison to the others I used makes my face feel hydrated instantly. I note it has glycerin in it and it does make the difference. It also absorbs quickly, so face is ready for the next step if required. Best buy for summer, though will continue using throughout the year to give an extra boost.


This article is about the DOS video game. For the film, see Timequest (film).
Timequest is an interactive fiction game released by Legend Entertainment, and written by Bob Bates. The game can be played online at the Internet Archive.
In the year 2090 AD, the use of time machines (called interkrons) is regulated by officers of the Temporal Corps. There is a strict prohibition against travel into the past, because of its potentially disastrous effects on the timestream and the catastrophic consequences for current civilization.
Zeke S. Vettenmyer, a Lieutenant in the Temporal Corps, has stolen an interkron, traveled back into the past, and subtly altered historical situations so that the outcomes of these events will be changed. The world as we know it will be destroyed as the effects of these changes ripple forward towards the present and cause massive disruptions in the timestream.
You are a private in the Temporal Corps. You have been selected to travel into the past and untangle Vettenmyer's twisted plot. You must pursue Vettenmyer across 3,000 years of history, going to the times and places that he has visited and reversing the changes that he has made which are currently threatening the future that defines your very existence.
The game features six major locations—Mexico, Dover, Rome, Cairo, Baghdad and Peking—each of which can be visited in various years ranging from 1361 BC to 1940 AD (although Mexico, Cairo and Baghdad cannot be visited in all years).
Famous locations that appear in the game include Lake Texcoco, Teotihuacan, Tenochtitlan, Stonehenge, Runnymede, the Cliffs of Dover, the Circus Maximus, St. Peter's Basilica, the Palazzo Braschi, the Great Pyramids, the Nile River, the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, the Forbidden City and the Great Wall of China. The climax of the game takes place inside the Tower of Babel.
Timequest is an extremely non-linear game in which the player immediately has access to six geographical locations in nine different time periods. Many of the puzzles can be tackled by picking a particular location and moving forward from the earliest time period (1361 BC). However, like most adventure games, solving puzzles in one location often relies on the use of items obtained elsewhere.
There are also a series of written clues scattered throughout the game, which require some note taking and some insight in putting the clues together into a message.
The main puzzle in the end of the game involves travelling quickly back and forth through time while interacting with versions of your past and future selves. This puzzle resembles similar sequences found in Sorcerer, Discworld and Escape from Monkey Island.


Paintless dent repair services have made it easy for technicians to repair small dents that may come from hails. The service is of great help as it allows your car to easily repaired. Furthermore it is critical for you to be more precise before making any decision. For good repair services, it is critical for you to select the right company. For that reason you requisite to be the utmost careful individual in your work. Frequently, the occurrence of floods poses a considerable challenge to your truck. But you need not fear since there are multiple paintless dent repair companies responsible for the mess. Dent repair companies can reinstate your car dents. The article, therefore, discusses some of the tips used to select the best paintless dent repair company.
Ensure that the paintless dent repair company has a valid license. As well, ensure that the company you are to enroll to has all the legalized necessities. You should ensure that the operative has a legal license and authorizations from the pertinent consultant in the country. Consult the nearby friends about the lawfulness of the dent repair company. Consequently, you will have the precise repair services for your vehicle. With that you will be able to get information about the present and the past clients who have been served by the same company.
Secondly, You need to consider the customer services being offered by that particular company. Any repair company should embrace correctness in dent repair operations. Accuracy is the ability of the company to do the job without errors. Accuracy, therefore, is a substantial factor to be considered before choosing your paintless dent repair company. The critical drive for better outcomes in dent repair services will be determined by the company's strategy to overcome mistakes while performing the duties. High technology should be used to meet the target of the company in dent repair services.
Also, you should ensure that the company involves the best technical experts who are well known. While finding the best dent repair companies, you need to consider its reputation. Maintaining the company's reputation is a significant factor to consider before getting to any company. Clients will go for those companies that uphold their character and serve their services well as required of them. Companies need to be very careful while performing any paintless dent repair work so that they maintain the best standards while delivering their services. Thus, the business reputation of the company is vital to consider before carrying out any dent repair activity to enhance the right image of the company.
At first, you need to query friends and members of your family for a good reference. Your closest people may have details about the best repair company you want. You, therefore, need to contact them ask them about the best dent mending company to undertake their project seriously and perhaps the overall amount of money they require. People who have done the identical repairs can be your bases for reference.


text:
package org.kie.workbench.common.widgets.client.datamodel.testclasses;

public class Person {

    private int age;
    private String sex;

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge( int age ) {
        this.age = age;
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Excel Dynamic Array Spill Area - can it go along a row or just down a column? The point of this exercise is to try to make this analysis quicker/easier to update.  I had it pretty dialed in using a data tab and a pivot table, copying and pasting values/formulas as needed to update.  I am trying to improve on that by using Excel's new Dynamic Arrays.
My table is setup with four employee detail columns (Location Name, Location Number, Employee Name, Employee Number), and several (many) columns for dates worked.  My issue is the dates worked.
I am using UNIQUE and FILTER to get a list of flagged employees - works as I intended/hoped; lookup formulas to find the location name and number data for each employee from the data table - works as I intended/hoped; and I have been copying/pasting the dates from the pivot table column headers into my "counting"/analysis table header.
What I would like to do is use the UNIQUE formula to get the dates worked - BUT, I want the spill area to go along the row so the dates are column headers.  Okay, I probably could have made that a shorter ask, but I hope explaining a little of what I'm trying to do helps.  I want the dates to automatically update when I paste new payroll/hours worked data into the data table, the same way the employee data updates.

A: The key is to TRANSPOSE the UNIQUE formula, not the data:
=TRANSPOSE(UNIQUE(A1:A9))

A: I cannot find anything about having the spill area go along a row instead of down a column.  My workaround for this was to create a column of unique dates next to my data table.  Since the data is in a table, the unique dates will update automatically when the table is updated.  I used the Offset formula to pull the dates into my column headers from the column of Unique dates next to my data table. I will say, while this setup is easier than updating via the pivot table, it is a formula heavy workbook now.
For the data headers I used : "=OFFSET('Data Table Tab'!$U1,Column()-5,0)".  The "rows to offset" portion of the formula is "Column()-5".  My first date header is in column 5, so as it is copied to the right this will increment the number of rows to offset from the first date.
At this point I will just need to copy the formulas over to the right to update my analysis table.
I would be surprised if someone else out there just starting to work with the new Dynamic Array formulas in Excel doesn't wonder about the same thing.  If you stumble across this question and have a better solution, please feel free to share it with me.


text:
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Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, Manuscripts, Archives and Rare Books Division
Manuscripts and Archives Division
Billy Rose Theatre Division
Found 4 collections related to screenplays
Wolfe, Tom
Tom Wolfe papers, 1930-2016 [bulk 1960-1998]
Manuscripts and Archives Division | MssCol 22833
98.03 linear feet (236 boxes, 1 volume, 4 oversize folders, 8 audio files)
Tom Wolfe is an American author and journalist known for such works as The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test, The Right Stuff, and The Bonfire of the Vanities. He is a... more
Tom Wolfe is an American author and journalist known for such works as The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test, The Right Stuff, and The Bonfire of the Vanities. He is a pioneer of the New Journalism and has been an outspoken advocate for the revival of social realism in American fiction. The Tom Wolfe papers, dated 1930 to 2016, comprehensively document Wolfe's career, providing insight into his writing process and the development of his signature style; the professional relationships he maintained with editors, writers, and cultural critics; his social life in New York City; and readers' responses to his published work. The collection includes draft manuscripts, outlines, research files, correspondence, lectures, photographs, and drawings. less
Screenplay collection, 1934-2001
Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, Manuscripts, Archives and Rare Books Division | Sc MG 668
6.04 linear feet (16 boxes)
This collection consists of various screenplays, television scripts, and radio scripts of different provenances; many of these scripts were transferred from the African Americans in film collection (Sc MG 690). Additionally, many of the scripts... more
This collection consists of various screenplays, television scripts, and radio scripts of different provenances; many of these scripts were transferred from the African Americans in film collection (Sc MG 690). Additionally, many of the scripts are written by Black authors. less
Fab 5 Freddy, 1959-
Fab 5 Freddy papers, 1952-2014 [bulk 1990-2005]
53.88 linear feet (129 boxes, 1 oversize folder); 198 megabytes (253 computer files)
Fab 5 Freddy is an African American director, TV host, graffiti artist, and a key personality in the history of hip-hop culture. The Fab 5 Freddy archive traces his multidisciplinary career from the 1980s to the early 2000s, and provides further... more
Fab 5 Freddy is an African American director, TV host, graffiti artist, and a key personality in the history of hip-hop culture. The Fab 5 Freddy archive traces his multidisciplinary career from the 1980s to the early 2000s, and provides further insight into his public personality; business and recreational activities; and creative endeavors in the fields of writing and art. The collection contains, photographs, notebooks, correspondence, financial, legal, and administrative documents, screenplays, fliers and invitations, artwork, apparel, and magazines. less
Ryerson, Florence
Florence Ryerson and Colin Clements papers, 1909-1965
Billy Rose Theatre Division | *T-Mss 2014-102
4.42 linear feet (7 boxes, 6 volumes)
Florence Ryerson (1892-1965) and Colin Clements (1894-1948) were a married American writing team who created plays, novels, and short stories. The Florence Ryerson and Colin Clements papers date from 1909 to 1965 and contain scrapbooks,... more
Florence Ryerson (1892-1965) and Colin Clements (1894-1948) were a married American writing team who created plays, novels, and short stories. The Florence Ryerson and Colin Clements papers date from 1909 to 1965 and contain scrapbooks, typescripts, notes, and correspondence. less
Indicates that portions of this collection have been
digitized and are available online.
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You are visiting the placeholder page for Sheila Bishop. This page is here because someone used our placeholder utility to look for Sheila Bishop. We created this page automatically in hopes Sheila Bishop would find it. If you are not Sheila Bishop, but are an alumni of Conroe High School, register on this site for free now.


Andre Barrett bounced back to have a much better showing than yesterday's outing, although he's still struggling to shake off much of the inevitable rust that accumulated from barely playing over the last two seasons.
Barrett looked much more like the pass-first point guard we remembered from college today, pushing the ball up the floor extremely well and finding all his teammates with crisp passes all over the perimeter, mostly on the drive and dish. He's a dominant ball-handler for sure, sometimes resorting to over-dribbling, but he's clearly an unselfish guy.
Barrett isn't as freakishly quick as you might hope from a player his size, but he's a phenomenal ball-handler with either hand and has great timing and smarts, which lets him get by players at this level virtually whenever he pleases. He has a nice mid-range game as well, creating separation off the dribble with a pull-up jumper quite often when he couldn't find a teammate to pass to, and hitting most of the shots he took from that range. Like most little guys, he'd rather find a shot in the mid-range than take the ball all the way to the basket (he only attempted one free throw), but he does have some ability to finish craftily around the hoop over bigger defenders. He was a little bit hesitant to shoot the NBA 3-pointer early on in the game, but looked more aggressive trying to prove his ability to hit this shot later on in the contest. This isn't a real strong-point of his (it looks a bit flat when rushed), but he's not someone you can leave open, since he's pretty reliable with his feet set.
This was Barrett's second and last game at the D-League showcase, and we came away with some mixed feelings about him. He might be the top point guard prospect here, probably by default, but you don't get the feeling when watching him that he's a can't miss NBA talent. His lack of size, perimeter shooting, freakish quickness and just average leadership skills certainly don't make for an ideal package, even though it wouldn't shock anyone here if he got a callup at the end of the day just to find a spot on the bench as a 3rd point guard. Considering the type of overseas offers he's turned down this season already (one for as much as $80,000 a month from Russia reportedly), you have to hope for him that he eventually gets his wish.
The veteran point guard struggled today, despite his high level of production up to this point in the season. Barrett finished the game with 10 assists, and did find the open man on drive and dish plays numerous times. He struggled to run his team in the half-court however, and often forced the issue looking for his own shot. The forces inside led to Bakersfield taking some difficult shots at the end of the shot-clock.
Defensively, Barrett struggled at times when forced to guard bigger players, and Lamar Rice took him to the low block and scored very easily on him on one possession. Defense will also be a issue for him at the NBA level due to size, but he could do a better job of pressuring the ball.
Barrett missed most of his step-back jumpers off the dribble today, but usually scores these type of mid-range shots effectively. To maximize his potential, Barrett must look for his teammates earlier in the shot-clock as well as picking the right spots to attack the basket. The score-first mentality really hurt the team and didn't do much for the scouts in attendance either, although it must be noted that his team didn't do a great job helping him out in this department much either. Though it wasn't his day, Barrett remains one of the top candidates in the D-League, and will have a chance to redeem himself later this week.


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text:
The structure of social networks: examining gender differences and effects on social support and psychological distress
Lacie Lin Marie Michel, Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical CollegeFollow
Empirical research demonstrates that social networks — the aspatial social structures created through social relations — constitute a critical context that affects individuals' health and well-being. Net of individual characteristics, social network structures can increase perceived adequacy of social support and psychological health, particularly in the aftermath of a natural disaster. However, the question of whether social contexts affect men and women differently remains largely unanswered. This dissertation examines the effects of social structural characteristics on social network structures for both national and regional data. The General Social Survey (GSS) provides the nationally representative data on social networks; the 1985 GSS serves as the baseline measure for making comparisons with the 2004 GSS data. My comparisons provide important information regarding the structure of social networks over the past two decades and allow me to explore whether, and to what extent, the effects of structural characteristics on social networks differ between men and women. My results indicate that the effect of marital status on proportion female differs significantly between men and women in both 1985 and 2004. Further, the effect of marital status on structural density also differs significantly between men and women in 1985; it exerts a positive effect for both men and women, but demonstrates greater significance for women. The second objective of this dissertation is to examine the effects of social networks on social support and psychological distress, within the context of a natural disaster. Social network data collected from the New Orleans metropolitan area in 2003 (pre-Katrina) act as the baseline to which to compare the 2006, post-Katrina social network data. My results indicate that in 2003, the proportion female in core networks are positively related to social support, but for women only. However, post-Katrina, network size and proportion kin significantly predicted perceived adequacy of social support, for men only. Regarding psychological distress, pre-Katrina, social support is only significant and negatively related to psychological distress for women. However, after Hurricane Katrina, social support is negatively related to psychological distress for both men and women.
Michel, Lacie Lin Marie, "The structure of social networks: examining gender differences and effects on social support and psychological distress" (2009). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 1607.
Hurlbert, Jeanne S


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class Version {
	public function __construct(){}
	function __toString() { return 'Version'; }
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Книги Книги 71 – 80 от 169 за Third, that the President of the United States be, and he hereby is, directed and....
Third, that the President of the United States be, and he hereby is, directed and empowered to use the entire land and naval forces of the United States, and to call into the actual service of the United States the militia of the several States to such...
McClure's Magazine ... - Страница 221
Пълен достъп - Информация за книгата
Trusts and Miscellaneous
...and withdraw its land and naval forces from Cuba and Cuban waters. " Third. That the President of the United States be, and he hereby is, directed and empowered...naval forces of the United States, and to call into the actual service of the United States the militia of the several States, to such extent as may be...
THE WALL STREET POIINT OF VIEW
HENRY CLEWS - 1900
...which Minister Woodford received his passports. The bill further provided " That the President of the United States be, and he hereby is, directed and empowered...naval forces of the United States, and to call into the actual service of the United States the militia of the several states to such an extent as may...
Record of Indiana Volunteers in the Spanish-American War 1898-1899
1900 - 368 страници
...day, between the United States of America and the Kingdom of Spain. Second. That the President of the United States be, and he hereby is, directed and empowered...naval forces of the United States, and to call into the actual service of the United States, the militia of the several States, to such extent as may be...
The voter's guide to the campaign of 1900: Great issues and national leaders ...
Charles Morris, Edward Sylvester Ellis, Isaac Thorne Johnson - 1900 - 511 страници
...withdraw its land and naval forces from Cuba and Cuban waters. Third — That the President of the United States be, and he hereby is, directed and empowered...naval forces of the United States, and to call into the actual service of the United States the militia of the several states, to such an extent as may...
A History of the Spanish-American War of 1898
Richard Handfield Titherington - 1900 - 415 страници
...and naval forces from Cuba and Cuban waters. Third. That the President of the United States be,. and hereby is, directed and empowered to use the entire...naval forces of the United States and to call into the actual service of the United States the militia of the several States to such an extent as may...
The History of the Utah Volunteers in the Spanish-American War and in the ...
A. Prentiss - 1900 - 430 страници
...and naval forces from Cuba and Cuban waters. "Third—That the President of the United States be and hereby is directed and empowered to use the entire...naval forces of the United States, and to call into the active service of the United States the militia of the several States to such extent as may be...
American Territorial Development
Howard Walter Caldwell - 1900 - 265 страници
...forces from Cuba and Cuban waters. Third. That the President of the United States be, and he heieby is, directed and empowered to use the entire land...naval forces of the United States and to call into the actual service of the United States the militia of the several States to such extent as may be...
Side Lights on American History
Henry William Elson - 1900
...once relinquish its authority and government in the island, and empowering and directing the President to use the entire land and naval forces of the United States, and to call forth the militia of the several States, if necessary, to carry the resolutions into effect. The resolutions...
Complete Life of William McKinley and Story of His Assassination: An ...
Marshall Everett - 1901 - 448 страници
...Cuba, and withdraw its land and naval forces from Cuba and Cuban waters. "3. That the President of the United States be and he hereby is directed and empowered...naval forces of the United States, and to call into the actual service of the United States the militia of the several States to such extent as may be...
The authentic life of William McKinley ...: together with a life sketch of ...
Charles Morris - 1901 - 487 страници
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PlayMais has been a source of fun for years! We invite you to be part of the success! Together, we will reach the full potential of PlayMais sales. Let's go for 100% success! The aim of our company is to offer alternatives to conventional products. Alternatives which are clearly superior from an environmental point of view. Not just in one single aspect, but throughout the product's entire life-cycle. We develop and manufacture new types of products from renewable raw materials. Our trademark is the complete biodegradability of all our products. And we have been doing this since 1994.
Since PlayMais is a natural product, it has a positive impact on the consumer. Children can build beautiful creations independently, as parents know their children will be safe with PlayMais®.
A bit of water is enough to make it stick. Kids will make wonderful creations and shall be ever so proud of them!
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Endless creations are possible. From easy 2D creations stuck onto cards for the little ones, to more sophisticated 3D creations for older kids. PlayMais really has no limits!
PlayMais is made out of natural maize, water and food coloring. Biodegradable, PlayMais stands for the highest quality and product safety. Parents love it, as they know their children will be safe with PlayMais. In other words, PlayMais stands for 'natural', for creativity, is educational, improves fine motor skills, and develops relationships between all age groups.


text:
Tag: science
Abandon all Hope
By Megan Robertson You might think that it was bad enough to be locked up on an automated spaceship and sent off on a one-way journey to an unknown destination in the company of people even nastier than yourself… but that's only the start of it. Science-fiction meets horror meets prison drama in this game…
eCollapse: Wild Talents
Welcome to the future. The economy's in a coma, civil order runs on inertia, and biotech "superpowers" are cheap. Huge storms ravage the coasts and the U.S. is under martial law. What do you do? How do you fight for your beliefs? Maybe put on a mask and cape? Click here for more information.
Corporate Guide : Shadowrun
Corporate Guide offers details on all of the Big Ten megacorporations and briefings on some of the rising powers of the corp world. It also provides the basics every shadowrunner should know about how corporations work and what life is like for the drones trapped inside them.


text:
Poompuhar and a riddle in the sea, part one
August 29, 2015 October 9, 2016 by sharonstjoan
In the hot sun, covering an acre or so, lie the ancient foundations of a Buddhist monastery. Only the base remains, meticulously laid with small, evenly sized bricks, some arranged in circular patterns where once there stood columns. The bricks are only a few layers high, all the rest is gone, carried away by time. A woman with a pot on her head carries away debris, and a couple of men work on constructing a protective wall around the boundaries of the site.
The Archaeological Survey of India has been excavating this site for thirty years. Next to the site is a small museum.
Fifteen hundred years ago, saffron-clad monks prayed within the walls of the monastery and temple, while artists and sculptors created beautiful depictions of Buddha and the Gods. The temple belonged to a town of thirty villages, which had a bustling sea port and was the capitol of the early Chola kings. At the western part of the town the temple was built, and further east, on the shore of the Bay of Bengal, on the estuary where the Kaveri River joins the sea, was a thriving port. Known as Poompuhar or Puhar, the town is also called Kaveripattinam. It lies 318 kilometers (197 miles) south along the costal road from Chennai to Nagapattinam.
In ancient days, Poompuhar was famous and was described in plays, poems, and other sources of early Tamil literature. There was a mention in a Greek and Roman navigational book authored in the first century CE, the Periplus of the Ereythrean Sea (or, with modern spelling, the Eritrean Sea).
The Periplus, which may have been written around 60 CE, is a fascinating account of trade routes that extend from Rome and Greece through the Red Sea, and down the coast of east Africa, or, alternatively, ships would have sailed across the sea to India, all along the west coast, and also up the east coast, as far north as the Ganges. Trading ships going from Rome or Greece might have stopped in Egyptian cities along the Red Sea, or the Aksum Empire of Ethiopia, then along the ports of Yemen and across to India down the west coast and up the east to Poompuhar.
Claudius Ptolemy (Greek geographer AD 90 – 168) refers to the city of Poompuhar n his writings. The Tevaram is a collection in several volumes of Tamil poetry; in it the poets Appar and Sambandar who wrote in the seventh century CE describe the town, with its strong walls, busy roads, elaborate buildings, and bustling port.
A detailed plan of the city is given in the Silappatikaram, one of the great epic plays of Tamil literature, believed to have been written down in the first century CE and retold in the sixth or seventh century. The play is a popular tale of the merchant Kovalan who, attracted by a dancer, Madhavi, leaves his wife, Kannagi. He later returns to his faithful wife, but when he is falsely accused by the queen of stealing an anklet, he is beheaded. His wife, Kannagi maintains her husband's innocence, and enraged by his beheading, sets fire to the town of Madurai, burning it to the ground. Kovalan and Kannagi are originally from Poompuhar and there are vivid descriptions of daily life in the town, which is said to have extended over an area of thirty square miles.
Another early Tamil epic play, Manimekalai, a sequel to Silappatikaram, focuses on Manimekalai, the daughter of Kovalan and the dancer he ran away with, Madhavi; their daughter converts to Buddhism and becomes a nun. This epic also gives details of life in Poompuhar.
Archeologists have also found terra cotta sculptures of Vishnu and Shiva deities that indicate that these faiths were also present in Poompuhar then, as well as Buddhism.
Traveling east towards the coast, from the museum and the Buddhist temple site, one arrives these days at a large fish market, with the stalls of fish sellers, and thousands of dead fish spread out under the sun. There are no customers in sight; only a handful of boys playing with a soccer ball. Leaving that behind, a few yards farther along one comes to the shore of the Bay of Bengal, with many tumbled rocks, on to which the waves of the Bay of Bengal crash. The expansive open sea pounding against the rocks is peaceful, as only a sea can be, in the brisk wind. The remains of an ancient brick wharf are still entangled among the rocks. Here huge ships used to dock from lands as far away as Rome, Greece, and Egypt, as well as Sri Lanka.
Continued in part two …
© photos and text, Sharon St Joan, 2015
Photos: Sharon St Joan
Top photo: Excavation site of the ancient Buddhist Temple.
Second photo: A representation of the feet of the Buddha, found within the ruins of the temple.
Third photo: The coast, at Poompuhar.
Kaveripattinam Poompuhar Puhar Tamil Nadu history Tamil Nadu sea trade
Exhibition: Buildings of Colonial Madras
Poompuhar and a riddle in the sea, part two


briars lit is a new anthology for queer fairy tales, whether short fiction, poetry, creative nonfiction, or hybrid work. briars lit publishes these queer tales in each of the various forms that they may take.
Briars are traditionally cut away, from the thorns off of roses to branches slashed back in forests. In the same sense, queer people and queer tales have been historically cut out of narratives, including fantastical narratives such as fairy tales. At briars lit, we value the beauty in what has been seen as dangerous, and hope to create a space where the importance of briars in nature can be re-emphasized.
At the same time, when not trimmed, briars can be powerful forces—the stolen rose for Beauty and the forest of brambles surrounding Sleeping Beauty are notable examples, and there is the same amount of power in queer tales.
See the beauty in briars and do not be afraid. Submit.


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Page 10, 12 May 1832 — Vie airtropolfiff.
12 MAY 1832, Page 10
Vie airtropolfiff.
Cosmos ConscaL.—A Court of Common Council was held on Thursday, for the purpose of petitioning the House of Commons on the subject of the present crisis. Mr. Galloway moved the resolutions ; which were seconded by Mr. Pritchard. The principal resolutions were as follows- " That this Court views with the greatest grief, mortification, and disappointment, the extraordinary and distressing communication made by his Majesty's Ministers, that his Majesty had refused to them the means of carrying through the house of Lords the Reform Bill passed by a large majority of the house or Commons, and required by an overwhelming majority of the people. " That whoever may have advised his Majesty to withhold from his Ministers the means of insuring the success of the Reform Bill, have proved themselves the enemies of their Sovereign, and have put to imminent hazard the stability of the throne, and the tranquillity and security of the country. " That, 1111411,r these circumstances. this Court feels it to be its duty, as a necessary means of procuring for the people of this great country- an efficient Reform, to petition the Commons House of Parliament to withholdthe Supplies until such a Reform should have been secured."
Alderman Waithman and Mr. Thornhill followed Mr. Pritchard on. the same side.
Alderman Winchester objected to the language of the resolutions as too strong. He thought the Court should not-offend the Crown. The Alderman's anxiety about the Crown produced roars of laughtert. which rendered a great deal of his eloquence unintelligible. A member called Rowell, opposed the resolutions, because they would give a tone to the country ; three fourths of which, he said, was opposed to Reform. This gentleman also excited great merriment. Alderman Marshall and Mr. Hughes Hughes spoke against the third resolution. Mr. Hughes thought it very possible the next Ad- ministration might be as zealous for the People as the last. Mr. Buglies was too dull for laughter—he was only hissed. The two first re- solutions were carried unanimously; about twenty hands, including those of the three dissenting Aldermen and Mr. Hughes Hughes, were held up against the third. The Livery of London met yesterday ; when strong resolutions were voted, and addresses to the Rouse of Commons, calling on that body to stop the Supplies, agreed to. Several speakers declared that, as far as in them lay, as individuals, they would do what they could to stop the Supplies, as they would pay no further taxes till the Reform Bill was passed.


text:
Lasioglossum cephalochilum är en biart som beskrevs av Michener 1965. Lasioglossum cephalochilum ingår i släktet smalbin, och familjen vägbin. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Bildgalleri

Källor

Externa länkar

Smalbin
cephalochilum

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Martiniques flagga består av en röd triangel (närmast flaggstången) och två horisontella fält, det övre grönt och det nedre svart. Flaggan antogs den 2 februari 2023. Som en av Frankrikes utomeuropeiska regioner, har även den franska flaggan officiell status på Martinique.

Andra flaggor
Ormflaggan har inte officiell status på ön. Det är en historisk flagga från den 4 augusti 1766 som användes av de franska fartygen i den franska kolonien Martinique och Sankta Lucia.

Under 2018 startade den lokala regeringen en tävling för att skapa en flagga för att representera Martinique vid internationella sport- och kulturevenemang, vinnaren blev "Ipséité" som utsågs den 10 maj 2019. Den 15 november 2021 ogiltigförklarades valet av flaggan, flaggan ses däremot fortfarande som en kulturell symbol.

Referenser

Franska flaggor


text:
Fakultet for økonomi (ØK)
Institutt for industriell økonomi og teknologiledelse
Potential of Circular Economy Business Models - Focusing on the characteristics of the Value Proposition Design
Urbán, Kata
Institutt for industriell økonomi og teknologiledelse [2290]
Sustainable, environmentally friendly and circular way of thinking in aquaculture is essential to meet the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and challenges linked to global food production, growing population, endangered and fragile ecosystem and climate change.
Developing and trying to adopt such ideas and theories as circular economy and circular business model could help to achieve the SDGs and build a better future for the next generations. Different ways of running a business and creating value has emerged among the different industries and in the aquaculture industry too. This trend could be seen in Norway as well, where traditional businesses are trying to become more sustainable, environmentally friendly, and socially responsible.
Salmon farming as one of the largest industries in Norway has a significant impact on the Norwegian economy. Aquaculture plays an essential part in the global food system, because of the seafood and because of the role of seas in the ecosystem. The country is a pioneer in the sector worldwide. That is why it is important, how they approach the production and how they define their values or work through the supply chain. If the Norwegian companies develop standards and work towards more sustainable solutions, the competitors must work on their own sustainability as well and they could contribute to a greater purpose, called circular economy.
Circular economy is one of those concepts that could help to slow the climate crisis down and develop new solutions to slowly accommodate to the new circumstances posed by climate change related challenges. Circular Economy would turn goods and products that are at the end of their service life into resources, while closing loops in industrial ecosystems and minimizing waste. (Stahel, 2016) Circular economy is about closing loops, reusing what we have and producing goods in a more conscious and sustainable way, where lifecycle of the produced good is known. In some sense and understandings, circular economy could be the endgame of achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. SDGs could play a significant part in the transformation from linear economy towards circular. Every goal has a different approach how to sustain life on Earth and how to make everyone equal in every sense of the term. However, these goals are diverse and in some cases too general to personalize them for businesses. Circular Economy Business Models (CEBMs) can break the vicious circle of prioritizing immediate needs over long-term considerations in poverty that can cause environmental degradation, leading to reduced income opportunities, increased poverty and vulnerability. (Lüdeke‐Freund, Gold, & Bocken, 2019)
The aim of this study is to develop a Value Proposition Design for Circular Economy Business Models and to present if this is necessary to have a new value proposition design after a transition from a traditional business model to a circular one or not. The study tries to illustrate its results through two demonstrative case studies of Norway Royal Salmon and Norwegian Fishfarming Technologies and they show what kind of challenges appear in primary industries from the perspective of circular economy and in the terms of value proposition design.