text:
Manning: Before Wikileaks, Leaked Docs Offered to NYT, WaPo
Published on Thursday, February 28, 2013 by Common Dreams
Whistleblower reads prepared statement: Wanted documents to reveal "true costs of war"
- Common Dreams staff
In what The Guardian's correspondent Ed Pilkington describes as a "bombshell" revelation, Bradley Manning on Thursday revealed that prior to reaching out to Wikileaks with a trove of government and military documents, the whistleblower first contacted more established media outlets, including the New York Times and Washington Post, but was brushed off by editors.
As Pilkington, present in the courtroom for the reading of Manning's statement, reports:
While he was on leave from Iraq and staying in the Washington area in January 2010 he contacted the Washington Post and asked would it be interested in receiving information that he said would be "enormously important to the American people". He spoke to a woman who said she was a reporter but "she didn't seem to take me seriously".
The woman said, according to Manning's account, that the paper would only be interested subject to vetting by senior editors.
Despairing of that route, Manning turned to the New York Times. He called the public editor of the paper but only got voicemail.
He then tried other numbers on the paper but also got put through to voicemail, and though he left a message with his Skype contact details, nobody called him back. Manning added he had also contemplated going to the website Politico, but harsh weather prevented him.
Such testimony belies the US government's ongoing insinuation that Wikileaks—which specifically describes itself as a "not-for-profit media organization"—somehow played a role in compelling Manning to leak the documents. It further provides evidence that Manning was acting in the capacity of a true government or military whistleblower by proactively seeking out the media in hopes of bringing to light what he considered information vital to the public interest.
"I believed if the public, particularly the American public, could see this it could spark a debate on the military and our foreign policy in general as it applied to Iraq and Afghanistan. It might cause society to reconsider the need to engage in counter terrorism while ignoring the human situation of the people we engaged with every day." –Bradley Manning
Manning also explained his deeper motivations, which included hopes that the leaks documents would expose the "true costs of war". According to Pilkington's account, Manning stated:
"I felt we were risking so much for people who seemed to be unwilling to cooperate with us leading to frustration and hostility on both sides. I began to get depressed about he situation we were mired in year after year.
"We were obsessed with capturing and killing human targets on lists and ignoring goals and missions. I believed if the public, particularly the American public, could see this it could spark a debate on the military and our foreign policy in general as it applied to Iraq and Afghanistan. It might cause society to reconsider the need to engage in counter terrorism while ignoring the human situation of the people we engaged with every day."
Thursday's courtroom proceedings were covered best on Twitter:
Thursday's revelations came as Manning read a prepared statement—reportedly handwritten over 35 pages—before a packed military courtroom. The statement is Manning's first complete account of what government and military information he leaked to Wikileaks, and an explanation of why he chose to do so.
Manning pled guilty to a series of charges, including providing Wikileaks with confidential military information, but denied the most serious charge against him, that of "aiding the enemy."
According to FireDogLake's Kevin Gosztola, reporting live from the courtroom, Manning's plea makes possible two rulings by the presiding judge: "guilty to lesser-included offenses pursuant to the plea" or "guilty of the greater offenses in the original charges." The court cannot find him "not guilty" based on his plea.
Pilkington also reported that Manning "confirmed he wants to be tried by military judge [Colonel Denise Lind] alone," with no military equivalent of a jury.
In addition to revealing his attempts to contact other outlets first, Manning also told the courtroom that once he'd established communication with Wikileaks, "No one associated with [the outlet] pressured me into sending more information."
In regards to his leak of the collateral murder video, Manning said, "I was disturbed by the response to injured children" and that the soldiers captured in the video "seemed to not value human life by referring to [their targets] as 'dead bastards.'"
He also said that he released the intelligence because he wanted to "spark a domestic public debate about our foreign policy and the war in general," and added: "At the time I believed, and I still believe, these are ... [among] ... the most significant documents of our time."
Pilkington continues:
Through his lawyer, David Coombs, the soldier pleaded guilty to 10 lesser charges that included possessing and willfully communicating to an unauthorised person all the main elements of the WikiLeaks disclosure. That covered the so-called "collateral murder" video of an Apache helicopter attack in Iraq; some US diplomatic cables including one of the early WikiLeaks publications the Reykjavik cable; portions of the Iraq and Afghanistan warlogs, some of the files on detainees in Guantanamo; and two intelligence memos.
These lesser charges each carry a two-year maximum sentence, committing Manning to a possible upper limit of 20 years in prison.
Manning also pleaded not guilty to 12 counts, including to the largest charge of "aiding the enemy," which would have supposed that he knowingly gave help to al-Qaida either by leaking secret intelligence directly or via its publication on the internet. He also denied that at the time he gave the information to Wikileaks, he had "reason to believe such information could be used to the injury of the United States or to the advantage of any foreign nation".
According to Gosztola, Manning pled guilty to "all that was anticipated except he did not plead guilty to releasing the Granai air strike video."
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 License
Source URL: http://www.commondreams.org/headline/2013/02/28-4
Donations can be sent to the Baltimore Nonviolence Center, 325 E. 25th St., Baltimore, MD 21218. Ph: 410-366-1637; Email: mobuszewski [at] verizon.net. Go to http://baltimorenonviolencecenter.blogspot.com/
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The Transportation Department proposed Friday that routes go to American, Delta, United, Southwest and JetBlue. There could be 20 daily flights between the U.S. and Havana.
The routes opened after Alaska Airlines, Spirit, Frontier and Delta dropped service because of weak demand. Traffic could suffer from the Trump administration's move to limit tourism. Americans must have one of 12 reasons to visit Cuba, including visiting relatives.
American and Delta would each add one daily flight from Miami; Southwest would add one flight daily from Fort Lauderdale, Florida; United would fly six times a week from Houston; and JetBlue would fly six times a week more from Fort Lauderdale, once a week from Boston.


text:
namespace ash {
namespace {

constexpr int kShelfHeight = 56;
constexpr int kVirtualKeyboardHeight = 280;
constexpr int kDockedMagnifierHeight = 235;

}  // namespace

class OobeDialogSizeUtilsTest : public testing::Test {
 public:
  OobeDialogSizeUtilsTest() = default;

  OobeDialogSizeUtilsTest(const OobeDialogSizeUtilsTest&) = delete;
  OobeDialogSizeUtilsTest& operator=(const OobeDialogSizeUtilsTest&) = delete;

  ~OobeDialogSizeUtilsTest() override = default;

  void ValidateDialog(const gfx::Rect& display,
                      const gfx::Rect& area,
                      const gfx::Rect& dialog) {
    // Dialog should fully fit into the area.
    EXPECT_TRUE(area.Contains(dialog));

    // Dialog is centered in area.
    EXPECT_EQ(area.CenterPoint(), dialog.CenterPoint());

    const gfx::Size min_dialog_size = GetMinDialogSize(display);
    const gfx::Size max_dialog_size = GetMaxDialogSize(display);
    EXPECT_LE(dialog.width(), max_dialog_size.width());
    EXPECT_LE(dialog.height(), max_dialog_size.height());

    // If there is at least some space, we should have margins.
    const gfx::Size margins = ExpectedMargins(display.size());
    if (dialog.width() > min_dialog_size.width()) {
      EXPECT_EQ(dialog.x() + (area.right() - dialog.right()), margins.width());
    }
    if (dialog.height() > min_dialog_size.height()) {
      EXPECT_EQ(dialog.y() + (area.bottom() - dialog.bottom()),
                margins.height());
    }
    // If dialog size is lesser than minimum size, there should be no margins
    if (dialog.width() < min_dialog_size.width()) {
      EXPECT_EQ(dialog.x(), area.x());
      EXPECT_EQ(dialog.right(), area.right());
    }
    if (dialog.height() < min_dialog_size.height()) {
      EXPECT_EQ(dialog.y(), area.y());
      EXPECT_EQ(dialog.bottom(), area.bottom());
    }
  }

  gfx::Size GetMinDialogSize(const gfx::Rect& display) {
    if (IsHorizontal(display)) {
      return kMinLandscapeDialogSize;
    }
    return kMinPortraitDialogSize;
  }

  gfx::Size GetMaxDialogSize(const gfx::Rect& display) {
    if (IsHorizontal(display)) {
      return kMaxLandscapeDialogSize;
    }
    return kMaxPortraitDialogSize;
  }

  gfx::Size ExpectedMargins(const gfx::Size& display_size) {
    gfx::Size margin = ScaleToCeiledSize(display_size, 0.08);
    gfx::Size margins = margin + margin;
    margins.SetToMax(kMinMargins.size());
    return margins;
  }

  gfx::Rect SizeWithoutShelf(const gfx::Rect& area) const {
    return gfx::Rect(area.width(), area.height() - kShelfHeight);
  }

  gfx::Rect SizeWithoutKeyboard(const gfx::Rect& area) const {
    return gfx::Rect(area.width(), area.height() - kVirtualKeyboardHeight);
  }

  gfx::Rect SizeWithoutDockedMagnifier(const gfx::Rect& area) const {
    return gfx::Rect(area.width(), area.height() - kDockedMagnifierHeight);
  }

  bool IsHorizontal(const gfx::Rect& area) const {
    return area.width() > area.height();
  }

 private:
  base::test::ScopedFeatureList feature_list_;
};

// We have plenty of space on the screen.
TEST_F(OobeDialogSizeUtilsTest, Chromebook) {
  gfx::Rect usual_device(1200, 800);
  gfx::Rect dialog;
  OobeDialogPaddingMode padding;

  CalculateOobeDialogBounds(usual_device, kShelfHeight,
                            IsHorizontal(usual_device), &dialog, &padding);
  ValidateDialog(usual_device, SizeWithoutShelf(usual_device), dialog);
}

// We have plenty of space on the screen, but virtual keyboard takes some space.
TEST_F(OobeDialogSizeUtilsTest, ChromebookVirtualKeyboard) {
  gfx::Rect usual_device(1200, 800);
  gfx::Rect dialog;
  OobeDialogPaddingMode padding;

  CalculateOobeDialogBounds(SizeWithoutKeyboard(usual_device), 0,
                            IsHorizontal(usual_device), &dialog, &padding);
  ValidateDialog(usual_device, SizeWithoutKeyboard(usual_device), dialog);
}

// Tablet device can have smaller screen size.
TEST_F(OobeDialogSizeUtilsTest, TabletHorizontal) {
  gfx::Rect tablet_device(1080, 675);
  gfx::Rect dialog;
  OobeDialogPaddingMode padding;

  CalculateOobeDialogBounds(tablet_device, kShelfHeight,
                            IsHorizontal(tablet_device), &dialog, &padding);
  ValidateDialog(tablet_device, SizeWithoutShelf(tablet_device), dialog);
}

// Tablet device in horizontal mode with virtual keyboard have restricted
// vertical space.
TEST_F(OobeDialogSizeUtilsTest, TabletHorizontalVirtualKeyboard) {
  gfx::Rect tablet_device(1080, 675);
  gfx::Rect dialog;
  OobeDialogPaddingMode padding;

  CalculateOobeDialogBounds(SizeWithoutKeyboard(tablet_device), 0,
                            IsHorizontal(tablet_device), &dialog, &padding);
  ValidateDialog(tablet_device, SizeWithoutKeyboard(tablet_device), dialog);
}

// Tablet device in horizontal mode with docked magnifier have restricted
// vertical space.
TEST_F(OobeDialogSizeUtilsTest, TabletHorizontalDockedMagnifier) {
  gfx::Rect tablet_device(1080, 675);
  gfx::Rect dialog;
  OobeDialogPaddingMode padding;

  CalculateOobeDialogBounds(SizeWithoutDockedMagnifier(tablet_device), 0,
                            IsHorizontal(tablet_device), &dialog, &padding);
  ValidateDialog(tablet_device, SizeWithoutDockedMagnifier(tablet_device),
                 dialog);
}

// Tablet device in horizontal mode with virtual keyboard and docked
// magnifier results in very few vertical space.
TEST_F(OobeDialogSizeUtilsTest, TabletHorizontalVirtualKeyboardMagnifier) {
  gfx::Rect tablet_device(1080, 675);

  gfx::Rect dialog;
  OobeDialogPaddingMode padding;

  CalculateOobeDialogBounds(
      SizeWithoutDockedMagnifier(SizeWithoutKeyboard(tablet_device)), 0,
      IsHorizontal(tablet_device), &dialog, &padding);
  ValidateDialog(tablet_device,
                 SizeWithoutDockedMagnifier(SizeWithoutKeyboard(tablet_device)),
                 dialog);
}

// Tablet in vertical mode puts some strain on dialog width.
TEST_F(OobeDialogSizeUtilsTest, ChromeTabVertical) {
  gfx::Rect tablet_device(461, 738);
  gfx::Rect dialog;
  OobeDialogPaddingMode padding;

  CalculateOobeDialogBounds(tablet_device, kShelfHeight,
                            IsHorizontal(tablet_device), &dialog, &padding);
  ValidateDialog(tablet_device, SizeWithoutShelf(tablet_device), dialog);
}

// Tablet in horizontal mode puts some strain on dialog width.
TEST_F(OobeDialogSizeUtilsTest, ChromeTabHorizontal) {
  gfx::Rect tablet_device(738, 461);
  gfx::Rect dialog;
  OobeDialogPaddingMode padding;

  CalculateOobeDialogBounds(tablet_device, kShelfHeight,
                            IsHorizontal(tablet_device), &dialog, &padding);
  ValidateDialog(tablet_device, SizeWithoutShelf(tablet_device), dialog);
}

}  // namespace ash

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: `dasbus.error.DBusError: No valid service object found` from Bluez I've run out of ideas on how to debug this...  I'm attempting to implement a Bluetooth Low Energy Peripheral in Python, and keep getting this error:
dasbus.error.DBusError: No valid service object found

Here's what's happening on sudo dbus-monitor --system "destination='org.bluez'" "sender='org.bluez'"
method call time=1638075250.607870 sender=:1.45928 -> destination=org.bluez serial=2 path=/org/bluez/hci0; interface=org.freedesktop.DBus.Introspectable; member=Introspect
method return time=1638075250.608574 sender=:1.5 -> destination=:1.45928 serial=1663 reply_serial=2
   string "<!DOCTYPE node PUBLIC "-//freedesktop//DTD D-BUS Object Introspection 1.0//EN"
"http://www.freedesktop.org/standards/dbus/1.0/introspect.dtd">
<node><interface name="org.freedesktop.DBus.Introspectable"><method name="Introspect"><arg name="xml" type="s" direction="out"/>
</method></interface><interface name="org.bluez.Adapter1"><method name="StartDiscovery"></method><method name="SetDiscoveryFilter"><arg name="properties" type="a{sv}" direction="in"/>
</method><method name="StopDiscovery"></method><method name="RemoveDevice"><arg name="device" type="o" direction="in"/>
</method><method name="GetDiscoveryFilters"><arg name="filters" type="as" direction="out"/>
</method><property name="Address" type="s" access="read"></property><property name="AddressType" type="s" access="read"></property><property name="Name" type="s" access="read"></property><property name="Alias" type="s" access="readwrite"></property><property name="Class" type="u" access="read"></property><property name="Powered" type="b" access="readwrite"></property><property name="Discoverable" type="b" access="readwrite"></property><property name="DiscoverableTimeout" type="u" access="readwrite"></property><property name="Pairable" type="b" access="readwrite"></property><property name="PairableTimeout" type="u" access="readwrite"></property><property name="Discovering" type="b" access="read"></property><property name="UUIDs" type="as" access="read"></property><property name="Modalias" type="s" access="read"></property></interface><interface name="org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties"><method name="Get"><arg name="interface" type="s" direction="in"/>
<arg name="name" type="s" direction="in"/>
<arg name="value" type="v" direction="out"/>
</method><method name="Set"><arg name="interface" type="s" direction="in"/>
<arg name="name" type="s" direction="in"/>
<arg name="value" type="v" direction="in"/>
</method><method name="GetAll"><arg name="interface" type="s" direction="in"/>
<arg name="properties" type="a{sv}" direction="out"/>
</method><signal name="PropertiesChanged"><arg name="interface" type="s"/>
<arg name="changed_properties" type="a{sv}"/>
<arg name="invalidated_properties" type="as"/>
</signal>
</interface><interface name="org.bluez.GattManager1"><method name="RegisterApplication"><arg name="application" type="o" direction="in"/>
<arg name="options" type="a{sv}" direction="in"/>
</method><method name="UnregisterApplication"><arg name="application" type="o" direction="in"/>
</method></interface><interface name="org.bluez.LEAdvertisingManager1"><method name="RegisterAdvertisement"><arg name="advertisement" type="o" direction="in"/>
<arg name="options" type="a{sv}" direction="in"/>
</method><method name="UnregisterAdvertisement"><arg name="service" type="o" direction="in"/>
</method><property name="ActiveInstances" type="y" access="read"></property><property name="SupportedInstances" type="y" access="read"></property><property name="SupportedIncludes" type="as" access="read"></property></interface><interface name="org.bluez.Media1"><method name="RegisterEndpoint"><arg name="endpoint" type="o" direction="in"/>
<arg name="properties" type="a{sv}" direction="in"/>
</method><method name="UnregisterEndpoint"><arg name="endpoint" type="o" direction="in"/>
</method><method name="RegisterPlayer"><arg name="player" type="o" direction="in"/>
<arg name="properties" type="a{sv}" direction="in"/>
</method><method name="UnregisterPlayer"><arg name="player" type="o" direction="in"/>
</method></interface><interface name="org.bluez.NetworkServer1"><method name="Register"><arg name="uuid" type="s" direction="in"/>
<arg name="bridge" type="s" direction="in"/>
</method><method name="Unregister"><arg name="uuid" type="s" direction="in"/>
</method></interface></node>"
method call time=1638075250.617093 sender=:1.45928 -> destination=org.bluez serial=3 path=/org/bluez/hci0; interface=org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties; member=Set
   string "org.bluez.Adapter1"
   string "Powered"
   variant       boolean true
method return time=1638075250.617637 sender=:1.5 -> destination=:1.45928 serial=1664 reply_serial=3
method call time=1638075250.619644 sender=:1.45928 -> destination=org.bluez serial=4 path=/org/bluez/hci0; interface=org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties; member=Get
   string "org.bluez.Adapter1"
   string "Powered"
method return time=1638075250.620197 sender=:1.5 -> destination=:1.45928 serial=1665 reply_serial=4
   variant       boolean true
method call time=1638075250.627078 sender=:1.45928 -> destination=org.bluez serial=5 path=/org/bluez/hci0; interface=org.bluez.LEAdvertisingManager1; member=RegisterAdvertisement
   object path "/com/ah/Biofeedback/Advertisement/1"
   array [
   ]
method call time=1638075250.627809 sender=:1.5 -> destination=org.freedesktop.DBus serial=1666 path=/org/freedesktop/DBus; interface=org.freedesktop.DBus; member=AddMatch
   string "type='signal',sender='org.freedesktop.DBus',path='/org/freedesktop/DBus',interface='org.freedesktop.DBus',member='NameOwnerChanged',arg0=':1.45928'"
method return time=1638075250.627870 sender=org.freedesktop.DBus -> destination=:1.5 serial=1174 reply_serial=1666
method call time=1638075250.628483 sender=:1.5 -> destination=org.freedesktop.DBus serial=1667 path=/org/freedesktop/DBus; interface=org.freedesktop.DBus; member=GetNameOwner
   string ":1.45928"
method return time=1638075250.628534 sender=org.freedesktop.DBus -> destination=:1.5 serial=1175 reply_serial=1667
   string ":1.45928"
method call time=1638075250.628903 sender=:1.5 -> destination=org.freedesktop.DBus serial=1668 path=/org/freedesktop/DBus; interface=org.freedesktop.DBus; member=AddMatch
   string "type='signal',sender=':1.45928',path='/com/ah/Biofeedback/Advertisement/1',interface='org.freedesktop.DBus.ObjectManager',member='InterfacesAdded'"
method return time=1638075250.628958 sender=org.freedesktop.DBus -> destination=:1.5 serial=1176 reply_serial=1668
method call time=1638075250.629497 sender=:1.5 -> destination=org.freedesktop.DBus serial=1669 path=/org/freedesktop/DBus; interface=org.freedesktop.DBus; member=AddMatch
   string "type='signal',sender=':1.45928',path='/com/ah/Biofeedback/Advertisement/1',interface='org.freedesktop.DBus.ObjectManager',member='InterfacesRemoved'"
method return time=1638075250.629572 sender=org.freedesktop.DBus -> destination=:1.5 serial=1177 reply_serial=1669
method call time=1638075250.629875 sender=:1.5 -> destination=org.freedesktop.DBus serial=1670 path=/org/freedesktop/DBus; interface=org.freedesktop.DBus; member=AddMatch
   string "type='signal',sender=':1.45928',path_namespace='/com/ah/Biofeedback/Advertisement/1'"
method return time=1638075250.629928 sender=org.freedesktop.DBus -> destination=:1.5 serial=1178 reply_serial=1670
method call time=1638075250.630459 sender=:1.5 -> destination=org.freedesktop.DBus serial=1671 path=/org/freedesktop/DBus; interface=org.freedesktop.DBus; member=AddMatch
   string "type='signal',sender=':1.45928',path='/com/ah/Biofeedback/Advertisement/1',interface='org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties',member='PropertiesChanged',arg0='org.bluez.LEAdvertisement1'"
method return time=1638075250.630517 sender=org.freedesktop.DBus -> destination=:1.5 serial=1179 reply_serial=1671
method call time=1638075250.631390 sender=:1.5 -> destination=org.freedesktop.DBus serial=1672 path=/org/freedesktop/DBus; interface=org.freedesktop.DBus; member=StartServiceByName
   string ":1.45928"
   uint32 0
error time=1638075250.631460 sender=org.freedesktop.DBus -> destination=:1.5 error_name=org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.ServiceUnknown reply_serial=1672
   string "The name :1.45928 was not provided by any .service files"
method call time=1638075250.631553 sender=:1.5 -> destination=:1.45928 serial=1673 path=/com/ah/Biofeedback/Advertisement/1; interface=org.freedesktop.DBus.ObjectManager; member=GetManagedObjects
error time=1638075250.632629 sender=:1.45928 -> destination=:1.5 error_name=org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.UnknownMethod reply_serial=1673
   string "No such interface "org.freedesktop.DBus.ObjectManager" on object at path /com/ah/Biofeedback/Advertisement/1"
method call time=1638075250.632916 sender=:1.5 -> destination=:1.45928 serial=1674 path=/com/ah/Biofeedback/Advertisement/1; interface=org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties; member=GetAll
   string "org.bluez.LEAdvertisement1"
method return time=1638075250.639601 sender=:1.45928 -> destination=:1.5 serial=7 reply_serial=1674
   array [
      dict entry(
         string "Appearance"
         variant             uint16 768
      )
      dict entry(
         string "Discoverable"
         variant             boolean true
      )
      dict entry(
         string "DiscoverableTimeout"
         variant             uint16 10000
      )
      dict entry(
         string "LocalName"
         variant             string "AH Biofeedback Device"
      )
      dict entry(
         string "ServiceUUIDS"
         variant             array [
               string "what"
            ]
      )
      dict entry(
         string "Type"
         variant             string "peripheral"
      )
   ]
signal time=1638075250.641071 sender=:1.5 -> destination=(null destination) serial=1675 path=/org/bluez/hci0; interface=org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties; member=PropertiesChanged
   string "org.bluez.LEAdvertisingManager1"
   array [
      dict entry(
         string "SupportedInstances"
         variant             byte 4
      )
      dict entry(
         string "ActiveInstances"
         variant             byte 1
      )
   ]
   array [
   ]
method return time=1638075250.641346 sender=:1.5 -> destination=:1.45928 serial=1676 reply_serial=5
method call time=1638075250.649537 sender=:1.45928 -> destination=org.bluez serial=8 path=/org/bluez/hci0; interface=org.bluez.GattManager1; member=RegisterApplication
   object path "/com/ah/Biofeedback/Application/1"
   array [
   ]
method call time=1638075250.649994 sender=:1.5 -> destination=org.freedesktop.DBus serial=1677 path=/org/freedesktop/DBus; interface=org.freedesktop.DBus; member=GetNameOwner
   string ":1.45928"
method return time=1638075250.650051 sender=org.freedesktop.DBus -> destination=:1.5 serial=1181 reply_serial=1677
   string ":1.45928"
method call time=1638075250.650459 sender=:1.5 -> destination=org.freedesktop.DBus serial=1678 path=/org/freedesktop/DBus; interface=org.freedesktop.DBus; member=AddMatch
   string "type='signal',sender=':1.45928',path='/com/ah/Biofeedback/Application/1',interface='org.freedesktop.DBus.ObjectManager',member='InterfacesAdded'"
method return time=1638075250.650515 sender=org.freedesktop.DBus -> destination=:1.5 serial=1182 reply_serial=1678
method call time=1638075250.651102 sender=:1.5 -> destination=org.freedesktop.DBus serial=1679 path=/org/freedesktop/DBus; interface=org.freedesktop.DBus; member=AddMatch
   string "type='signal',sender=':1.45928',path='/com/ah/Biofeedback/Application/1',interface='org.freedesktop.DBus.ObjectManager',member='InterfacesRemoved'"
method return time=1638075250.651159 sender=org.freedesktop.DBus -> destination=:1.5 serial=1183 reply_serial=1679
method call time=1638075250.651590 sender=:1.5 -> destination=org.freedesktop.DBus serial=1680 path=/org/freedesktop/DBus; interface=org.freedesktop.DBus; member=AddMatch
   string "type='signal',sender=':1.45928',path_namespace='/com/ah/Biofeedback/Application/1'"
method return time=1638075250.651646 sender=org.freedesktop.DBus -> destination=:1.5 serial=1184 reply_serial=1680
method call time=1638075250.651759 sender=:1.5 -> destination=:1.45928 serial=1681 path=/com/ah/Biofeedback/Application/1; interface=org.freedesktop.DBus.ObjectManager; member=GetManagedObjects
method return time=1638075250.659644 sender=:1.45928 -> destination=:1.5 serial=9 reply_serial=1681
   array [
      dict entry(
         object path "/com/ah/Biofeedback/Service/1"
         array [
            dict entry(
               string "org.bluez.GattService1"
               array [
                  dict entry(
                     string "UUID"
                     variant                         string "service-uuid-abc"
                  )
                  dict entry(
                     string "Primary"
                     variant                         boolean true
                  )
                  dict entry(
                     string "Characteristics"
                     variant                         array [
                           object path "/com/ah/Biofeedback/Characteristic/1"
                        ]
                  )
               ]
            )
         ]
      )
      dict entry(
         object path "/com/ah/Biofeedback/Characteristic/1"
         array [
            dict entry(
               string "org.bluez.GattCharacteristic1"
               array [
                  dict entry(
                     string "Service"
                     variant                         object path "/com/ah/Biofeedback/Service/1"
                  )
                  dict entry(
                     string "UUID"
                     variant                         string "characteristic-uuid-abc"
                  )
                  dict entry(
                     string "Flags"
                     variant                         array [
                             string "broadcast"
                        ]
                  )
                  dict entry(
                     string "Descriptors"
                     variant                         array [
                        ]
                  )
               ]
            )
         ]
      )
   ]
method call time=1638075250.660665 sender=:1.5 -> destination=org.freedesktop.DBus serial=1682 path=/org/freedesktop/DBus; interface=org.freedesktop.DBus; member=AddMatch
   string "type='signal',sender=':1.45928',path='/com/ah/Biofeedback/Service/1',interface='org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties',member='PropertiesChanged',arg0='org.bluez.GattService1'"
method return time=1638075250.660724 sender=org.freedesktop.DBus -> destination=:1.5 serial=1185 reply_serial=1682
method call time=1638075250.663350 sender=:1.5 -> destination=org.freedesktop.DBus serial=1683 path=/org/freedesktop/DBus; interface=org.freedesktop.DBus; member=AddMatch
   string "type='signal',sender=':1.45928',path='/com/ah/Biofeedback/Characteristic/1',interface='org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties',member='PropertiesChanged',arg0='org.bluez.GattCharacteristic1'"
method return time=1638075250.663436 sender=org.freedesktop.DBus -> destination=:1.5 serial=1186 reply_serial=1683
error time=1638075250.663466 sender=:1.5 -> destination=:1.45928 error_name=org.bluez.Error.Failed reply_serial=8
   string "No valid service object found"
method call time=1638075250.663509 sender=:1.5 -> destination=org.freedesktop.DBus serial=1685 path=/org/freedesktop/DBus; interface=org.freedesktop.DBus; member=RemoveMatch
   string "type='signal',sender=':1.45928',path_namespace='/com/ah/Biofeedback/Application/1'"
method return time=1638075250.663556 sender=org.freedesktop.DBus -> destination=:1.5 serial=1187 reply_serial=1685
method call time=1638075250.663584 sender=:1.5 -> destination=org.freedesktop.DBus serial=1686 path=/org/freedesktop/DBus; interface=org.freedesktop.DBus; member=RemoveMatch
   string "type='signal',sender=':1.45928',path='/com/ah/Biofeedback/Service/1',interface='org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties',member='PropertiesChanged',arg0='org.bluez.GattService1'"
method return time=1638075250.663634 sender=org.freedesktop.DBus -> destination=:1.5 serial=1188 reply_serial=1686
method call time=1638075250.663663 sender=:1.5 -> destination=org.freedesktop.DBus serial=1687 path=/org/freedesktop/DBus; interface=org.freedesktop.DBus; member=RemoveMatch
   string "type='signal',sender=':1.45928',path='/com/ah/Biofeedback/Characteristic/1',interface='org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties',member='PropertiesChanged',arg0='org.bluez.GattCharacteristic1'"
method return time=1638075250.663712 sender=org.freedesktop.DBus -> destination=:1.5 serial=1189 reply_serial=1687
method call time=1638075250.663827 sender=:1.5 -> destination=org.freedesktop.DBus serial=1688 path=/org/freedesktop/DBus; interface=org.freedesktop.DBus; member=RemoveMatch
   string "type='signal',sender=':1.45928',path='/com/ah/Biofeedback/Application/1',interface='org.freedesktop.DBus.ObjectManager',member='InterfacesAdded'"
method return time=1638075250.663880 sender=org.freedesktop.DBus -> destination=:1.5 serial=1190 reply_serial=1688
method call time=1638075250.664064 sender=:1.5 -> destination=org.freedesktop.DBus serial=1689 path=/org/freedesktop/DBus; interface=org.freedesktop.DBus; member=RemoveMatch
   string "type='signal',sender=':1.45928',path='/com/ah/Biofeedback/Application/1',interface='org.freedesktop.DBus.ObjectManager',member='InterfacesRemoved'"
method return time=1638075250.664119 sender=org.freedesktop.DBus -> destination=:1.5 serial=1191 reply_serial=1689

Here's my code:
from dasbus.connection       import SystemMessageBus
from dasbus.typing           import *
from dasbus.server.interface import dbus_interface
from dasbus.server.interface import dbus_signal

from dasbus.server.publishable import Publishable
from dasbus.server.template    import InterfaceTemplate

from dasbus.loop             import EventLoop
from threading               import Thread

@dbus_interface("org.bluez.LEAdvertisement1")
class BiofeedackAdvertisement(object):

    def Release(self) -> None:
        print("released")

    @property
    def Type(self) -> Str:
        return "peripheral"

    @property
    def ServiceUUIDS(self) -> List[Str]:
        return ["what"]

    @property
    def Discoverable(self) -> Bool:
        return True

    @property
    def DiscoverableTimeout(self) -> UInt16:
        return 10000

    @property
    def LocalName(self) -> Str:
        return "AH Biofeedback Device"

    # https://specificationrefs.bluetooth.com/assigned-values/Appearance%20Values.pdf
    @property
    def Appearance(self) -> UInt16:
        return 768 # Thermometer

# path: "/com/ah/Biofeedback/Application/1"
class Application(Publishable):
    def for_publication(self):
        return ApplicationInterface(self)

@dbus_interface("org.bluez.GattApplication1")
class ApplicationGattInterface(InterfaceTemplate):
    pass

@dbus_interface("org.freedesktop.DBus.ObjectManager")
class ApplicationInterface(ApplicationGattInterface):

    def GetManagedObjects(self) -> Dict[ObjPath, Dict[Str, Dict[Str, Variant]]]:
        return {
            "/com/ah/Biofeedback/Service/1":    ServiceInterface(Service()).get_properties(),
            "/com/ah/Biofeedback/Characteristic/1":         CharacteristicInterface(Characteristic()).get_properties(),
#            "/com/ah/Biofeedback/Descriptor/1": Descriptor().get_properties(),
        }

class Service(Publishable):
    def for_publication(self):
        return ServiceInterface(self)

# Not sure if this is being used, but it's not the problem right now.
@dbus_interface("org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties")
class ServiceInterfaceProperties(InterfaceTemplate):

    @dbus_signal
    def PropertiesChanged(self, interface: Str, changed_properties: Dict[Str, Variant], invalidated_properties: List[Str]):
        print("PROPS CHANGED")
        pass

    def GetAll(self, interface: Str) -> Dict[Str, Variant]:
        print("GETALL")
        return self.get_properties()["org.bluez.GattService1"]

@dbus_interface("org.bluez.GattService1")
class ServiceInterfaceGatt(InterfaceTemplate):

    @property
    def UUID(self) -> Str:
        return "service-uuid-abc"

    @property
    def Primary(self) -> Bool:
        return True

# path: /com/ah/Biofeedback/Service/1
class ServiceInterface(ServiceInterfaceGatt, ServiceInterfaceProperties):

    _UUID = Variant("s", "service-uuid-abc")

    def get_properties(self):
        return {
            "org.bluez.GattService1": {
                "UUID": self._UUID,
                "Primary": Variant("b", True),
                "Characteristics": Variant.new_array(None, [Variant("o", "/com/ah/Biofeedback/Characteristic/1")]),
            }
        }

class Characteristic(Publishable):
    def for_publication(self):
        return CharacteristicInterface(self)

@dbus_interface("org.bluez.GattCharacteristic1")
class CharacteristicInterfaceGatt(InterfaceTemplate):

    def ReadValue(self, options: Dict[Str, Str]) -> List[Byte]:
        print("TRIED TO READ VALUE")
        return [0xDEAD]

    def WriteValue(self, value: List[Byte], options: Dict[Str, Str]) -> None:
        print("TRIED TO WRITE VALUE")
        pass

    @property
    def UUID(self) -> Str:
        return "characteristic-uuid-abc"

    @property
    def Service(self) -> ObjPath:
        return "/com/ah/Biofeedback/Service/1"

# path: /com/ah/Biofeedback/Characteristic/1
class CharacteristicInterface(CharacteristicInterfaceGatt):
    _UUID = Variant("s", "characteristic-uuid-abc")

    def get_properties(self):
        return {
            "org.bluez.GattCharacteristic1": {
                "Service": Variant("s", "/com/ah/Biofeedback/Service/1"),
                "UUID": self._UUID,
                "Flags": Variant.new_array(None, [Variant("s", "broadcast")]),
                #"Descriptors": Variant.new_array(None, [Variant("o", "/com/ah/Biofeedback/Descriptor/1")]),
                "Descriptors": Variant.new_array(VariantType("t"), []),
            }
        }

# path: /com/ah/Biofeedback/Descriptor/1
# @dbus_interface("org.bluez.GattDescriptor1")
class Descriptor(object):
    _UUID = Variant("s", "descriptor-uuid-1vc")

    def get_properties(self):
        return {
            "org.bluez.GattDescriptor1": {
                "Characteristic": Variant("s", "/com/ah/Biofeedback/Characteristic/1"),
                "UUID": self._UUID,
                "Flags": Variant.new_array(VariantType("t"), []),
            }
        }

def main():

    bus = SystemMessageBus()
    Thread(target=EventLoop().run).start()
    bus.register_service("com.ah.Biofeedback")

    proxy = bus.get_proxy("org.bluez", "/org/bluez/hci0")

    proxy.Set("org.bluez.Adapter1", "Powered", Variant("b", True))
    print(proxy.Get("org.bluez.Adapter1", "Powered"))

    advertisementPath = "/com/ah/Biofeedback/Advertisement/1"
    bus.publish_object(advertisementPath, BiofeedackAdvertisement())
    proxy.RegisterAdvertisement(advertisementPath, {})

    bus.publish_object("/com/ah/Biofeedback/Service/1", Service().for_publication())
    bus.publish_object("/com/ah/Biofeedback/Characteristic/1", Characteristic().for_publication())

    appPath = "/com/ah/Biofeedback/Application/1"
    bus.publish_object(appPath, Application().for_publication())
    proxy.RegisterApplication(appPath, {})

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

It looks like the Service is registered on the bus:
sudo dbus-send --system --print-reply   \
>   --dest=:1.46935                       \
>   /com/ah/Biofeedback/Service/1  \
>   org.freedesktop.DBus.Introspectable.Introspect

method return time=1638120479.547238 sender=:1.13051 -> destination=:1.13060 serial=12 reply_serial=2
   string "<!DOCTYPE node PUBLIC "-//freedesktop//DTD D-BUS Object Introspection 1.0//EN"
                      "http://www.freedesktop.org/standards/dbus/1.0/introspect.dtd">
<!-- GDBus 2.58.3 -->
<node>
  <interface name="org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties">
    <method name="Get">
      <arg type="s" name="interface_name" direction="in"/>
      <arg type="s" name="property_name" direction="in"/>
      <arg type="v" name="value" direction="out"/>
    </method>
    <method name="GetAll">
      <arg type="s" name="interface_name" direction="in"/>
      <arg type="a{sv}" name="properties" direction="out"/>
    </method>
    <method name="Set">
      <arg type="s" name="interface_name" direction="in"/>
      <arg type="s" name="property_name" direction="in"/>
      <arg type="v" name="value" direction="in"/>
    </method>
    <signal name="PropertiesChanged">
      <arg type="s" name="interface_name"/>
      <arg type="a{sv}" name="changed_properties"/>
      <arg type="as" name="invalidated_properties"/>
    </signal>
  </interface>
  <interface name="org.freedesktop.DBus.Introspectable">
    <method name="Introspect">
      <arg type="s" name="xml_data" direction="out"/>
    </method>
  </interface>
  <interface name="org.freedesktop.DBus.Peer">
    <method name="Ping"/>
    <method name="GetMachineId">
      <arg type="s" name="machine_uuid" direction="out"/>
    </method>
  </interface>
  <interface name="org.bluez.GattService1">
    <property type="b" name="Primary" access="read">
    </property>
    <property type="s" name="UUID" access="read">
    </property>
  </interface>
</node>
"

/var/log/syslog gives a little clue:
bluetoothd[22894]: Failed to read "UUID" property of service
bluetoothd[22894]: Failed to add service
bluetoothd[22894]: Failed to create GATT service entry in local database

The dependencies were a pain to setup, so here's a docker container:
docker run -it --rm \
  --privileged \
  --workdir /app \
  --volume "$PWD":/app \
  --volume /var/run/dbus/:/var/run/dbus/:z \
soodesune/python3-bluetooth dbus-bluetooth.py

What else can I do to debug this error?  How can I figure out what's wrong with my Service UUID?

A: Figured it out! There was a long list of small problems that I had to work through.  Here's the process that I followed to debug:

*

*Run sudo dbus-monitor --system "destination='org.bluez'" "sender='org.bluez'" to see what Bluez is sending/receiving from dbus

*Watch /var/log/syslog to see what errors Bluez is logging, but /not/ sending to dbus

*Download the source code for your version of Bluez

*Run your program

Then:

*

*Make sure the traffic on dbus looks right

*When you see errors in /var/log/syslog grep the source code for the error and see what went wrong.  Most of the time there was type-checking logic that I wasn't satisfying. For example: the UUIDs have some pretty specific checks, and I had a few Object Path types mis-coded as String.

Keep looping through those steps until you've got it working.
I did a really through writeup of using Bluetooth, D-Bus, BlueZ on a Raspberry Pi at raspberrypi-bluetooth.com

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Thriving Attorney Blog
Intellectual Property Trends Law Blog
Friday Happiness Post Blog
DARIN M. KLEMCHUK
Darin is an intellectual property attorney and founder of Klemchuk LLP, an intellectual property law firm.
Law Firm Business Model
Platform Builder (Its)
Power Habits
Self Mastery (I)
Team Leader (We)
IP Trends Categories
Intellectual Property ...
Mar 11 Weekly IP Buzz for the week ending March 8, 2019
Klemchuk LLP
Here's a summary of interesting developments in intellectual property, technology, social media, and Internet law for the week ending March 8, 2019.
A New Business Strategy for Copyright Owners: Filing Suit for Copyright Infringement
What the Supreme Court's Fourth Estate v. Wall-Street Ruling Means for Businesses
On Monday March 4th, 2019, the Supreme Court ruled that a copyright owner cannot file suit for copyright infringement until the work in dispute has been granted a copyright registration by the U.S. Copyright Office. This ruling is significant because in many areas of the country—including Texas and California—a copyright owner could bring suit for copyright infringement immediately upon filing an application for registration. Now, a copyright owner must have a registration in hand before running to the courthouse.
What this means for copyright owners is that they need to be more proactive in seeking registrations for their works. In the time it takes to get a registration—right now about seven months—an infringer could divert sales away from the legitimate owner of an otherwise protected work at the most critical time after entry into market. And while the Copyright Office does have a mechanism in place to expedite registrations within weeks for an additional special handling fee of $800, that process may begin to take longer as a result of increased volume due to this ruling. A copyright owner is still entitled to damages for past infringements but cannot file suit for copyright infringement or seek an injunction to stop infringing acts until it has the registration in hand.
Supreme Court to Decide Trademark Licensee Rights in Bankruptcy Suit
The United States Supreme Court will hear arguments over whether a trademark license agreement remains enforceable after a trustee's refusal to honor the agreement upon the company's filing of bankruptcy.
In Mission Product Holdings v. Tempnology, Mission Product Holdings ("Mission") and Tempnology agreed to a trademark licensing agreement where Mission would be able to sell Tempnology's patented and proprietary products in conjunction with use of the Tempnology trademark.
Trademark License Thrown Out in Bankruptcy
Tempnology, however, ended up filing for bankruptcy. In the bankruptcy estate proceedings, the trustee chose to reject the trademark license agreement, relying on Section 365(a) of U.S. Bankruptcy Code, which gives trustees the power to refuse to honor executory contracts. By contrast, Mission argues that the licensing agreement should fall under the many bankruptcy statutory exceptions included in Section 365(a) that allows specific types of contracts to retain specific rights to be exercised. In this case, Mission is liking to draw comparison to courts having allowed patent license rights to be exercised. Tempnology, however, may point out that Congress had, at one point, specifically considered whether to include trademark licenses under the allowable exceptions but ultimately chose not to do so.
Before the Supreme Court, Mission is expected to argue that Tempnology's rejection and bankruptcy filing should not qualify as legal termination of all existing licensing rights in the agreement. While the lower district courts have ruled in Tempnology's favor, the Supreme Court has agreed to review the trademark licensing aspects of the suit and hear arguments this week.
Intellectual property attorneys are closely following the case, and amicus briefs have already been filed by a number of high-profile intellectual property organizations.
Read more here.
Click to read the previous Weekly IP Buzz. View on LinkedIn.
For more posts, see our Intellectual Property Law Blog.
Darin M. Klemchuk is founder of Klemchuk LLP, a litigation, intellectual property, and transactional law firm located in Dallas, Texas. He also co-founded Project K, a charitable movement devoted to changing the world one random act of kindness at a time, and publishes Thriving Attorney, a blog dedicated to exploring the business of the practice of law, productivity and performance for attorneys, and other topics such as law firm leadership and management, law firm culture, and business development for attorneys.
Click to learn more about Darin M. Klemchuk's law practice as an intellectual property lawyer.
Weekly IP Buzz
Mar 19 Weekly IP Buzz for the week ending March 15, 2019
Mar 5 Weekly IP Buzz for the week ending March 1, 2019
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© 2018 All Rights Reserved • Copyright Policy • Site by Fix8

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


More developments in the Iranian Nuclear program.
said Sunday it is seeking bids for the building of two more nuclear power plants, despite international pressures to curb its controversial program.
Ahmad Fayyazbakhsh, the deputy head of Iran's Atomic Energy Organization in charge of power plants, said the plants would be light-water reactors, each with the capacity to generate up to 1,600 megawatts of electricity.
Each plant would cost up to $1.7 billion and take up to 11 years to construct, he told reporters during a news conference at his office.
The country has been locked in a bitter funding dispute with Russia, which is building Iran's first nuclear power plant near the southern city of Bushehr.
Russia delayed the launch of the plant, which had been set for September, and refused to ship uranium fuel for the reactor last month as earlier planned, citing Iran's payment arrears. Iranian officials denied any payment delays under the $1 billion contract, and accused Russia of caving in to Western pressure.
Iran is already building a 40-megawatt heavy water reactor in Arak, central Iran, based on domestic technology. It is also preparing to build a 360-megawatt nuclear power plant in Darkhovin, in southwestern Iran.
Fayyazbakhsh said the two new plants would be built near Bushehr. He also said he planned to travel to Russia next week to try to ease tensions and get the first Bushehr plant back on track.
The bids for the two plants, which will expire in early August, have been published on the nuclear organization's Web site. Iran has already negotiated with several foreign companies that have expressed interest in the new project, Fayyazbakhsh said. He declined to name the companies.
Regarding the report "Iran to build two nuclear power plants", there really is no need for nuclear power in the Middle East (or Europe or North Africa) because there is a simple mature technology available that can deliver huge amounts of clean energy without any of the headaches of nuclear power.
CSP works best in hot deserts and it is feasible and economic to transmit solar electricity over very long distances using highly-efficient 'HVDC' transmission lines. With transmission losses at about 3% per 1000 km, solar electricity may, for example, be transmitted from North Africa to London with only about 10% loss of power. A large-scale HVDC transmission grid has also been proposed by the wind energy company Airtricity as a means of optimising the use of wind power throughout Europe.
CSP offers substantial benefits to people in North Africa and the Middle East, including desalination of sea water using waste heat from electricity generation – a major benefit in arid regions. In addition, the shaded areas under the solar mirrors can be used for many purposes including horticulture using desalinated sea water. And of course, there would be plentiful supplies of inexpensive, pollution-free electricity and earnings from the export of that electricity to countries with less sunshine.
Further information about CSP may be found at http://www.trec-uk.org.uk and http://www.trecers.net . Copies of the TRANS-CSP report may be downloaded from http://www.trec-uk.org.uk/reports.htm . The many problems associated with nuclear power are summarised at http://www.mng.org.uk/green_house/no_nukes.htm .


During 2009, Eric participated in a chainsaw carving competition in Soldotna, AK. This sculpture of an eagle and two foxes trying to catch the same fish won third place. This brilliant design is created out of one seven foot spruce log with no add-ons.
This is another view of the 2009 Sly Fishn competition piece Eric sculpted in Soldotna, AK. The two youngsters in the picture are Eric's children.
Another new item to the 2009 collection, the red fox is carved with a curious expression on its face. This particular piece was created out of Alaskan spruce and is about three feet from the bottom of the stump to the top of it ears.
The Red fox on rocks was carved out of Western red cedar and is part of a bench sculpture that Eric created for the 2009 collection.


text:
Q: NSString not getting right string I have UITextField and I want to copy NSString from textfield, but NSString not getting value that contains textfield here is screen with UITextField text:
And here is NSString which was copied, and must contain same as UITextField text, but it doesn't :((( :
What is the problem? Please any help..

A: Are you sure you've connected the outlet?  You may also want to actually copy the string value, rather than just have a pointer to it.


text:
Performing the Historical Past: History – Poetry — Philosophy by Freddie Rokem
Performing the Historical Past: History - Poetry - Philosophy
by Freddie Rokem
In chapter nine of the Poetics Aristotle provides a point of departure for an analysis of the relations between the discursive practices of poetry, history, and philosophy, which are still the three main areas of study and research in most of today's university faculties of the humanities and the arts. Aristotle claimed that,
………./t/he distinction between historian and poet /…/ consists really in this, that the one describes the thing that has been and the other a kind of thing that might be. Hence poetry is something more philosophic and of graver import (spoudaioteron) than history, since its statements are of the nature rather of universals, whereas those of history are singulars1.
According to this scheme, poetry, including theatre and performance, are situated 'between' history and philosophy, and because of their universal nature they are a 'better thing' or 'something to be taken more seriously' than history.
One of Aristotle's crucial points is that each of these three individual discursive practices – philosophy, poetry and history – is based on a specific mode of representation (basically included in the notion of mimesis, i.e. imitation or representation). While Plato had established a vertical ontological model, with the work of art situated on the lowest possible step on the ladder of 'being' – considered to be a copy of a copy, even more distant from the pure, metaphysical forms than the individual objects – Aristotle claimed that poetry occupies an intermediary position, strategically and horizontally situated between two other distinct discursive, representational practices (history and philosophy), and because of its more universal character, poetry is closer to philosophy than to history. Aristotle's basic model depicting the relations between the three representational practices can be examined from several perspectives.
…..1. The Ontological Perspective
Aristotle's typology implies that poetry and the other arts are simultaneously both singular/particular and universal. This simultaneous mixture of the particular and the universal suggests that the aesthetic object is constituted through an ontological instability, being both particular and universal at the same time. This ontological instability would obviously have been unacceptable within Plato's metaphysical framework, where, since the aesthetic object is a copy of a copy, it has been assigned the most inferior position possible ontologically and can therefore not be universal in any sense. The combination of the proximity of poetry to philosophy and the ensuing ontological instability of the work of art, which Aristotle's model implies, are crucial for the understanding artistic practices within a broader social and political field.
…..2. The Temporal Level
Poetry, Aristotle argued, is situated somewhere between the discursive practice representing specific events in the past, through which our sense of history is generated, and what might be in the future, as an always and as yet unrealized utopian (and universal) potentiality. This means that the work of art, and in particular the theatre, is situated between the past and the future, representing a 'now,' which in its fluidity reflects the ontological instability of the aesthetic object as well as the ephemerality the theatre. Plato had obviously taken a completely different position – in particular in The Republic – portraying a utopian polis where the poets would no longer be necessary and would be censored or exiled, while for Aristotle, poetry is a representational practice that in contrast to Plato's position, is actually pointing towards some form of utopia.
…..3. The Ethical Dimension
Whereas the arts are for Plato also in breach of the moral principles cultivated by the ideal state, Aristotle's mapping of history, poetry and philosophy and the relations between them implies that poetry is 'the golden mean' between the discursive practices of history and philosophy in a similar fashion to the typologies of extremes, defining the ethically desirable mediating position in Aristotle's theory of ethics. Poetry can be seen as the golden mean situated between history and philosophy – closer to philosophy, but without specifying how close – just as the ethical action is situated between two extreme forms of behaviour (with 'courage' as the golden mean between 'cowardice' and 'rashness'), drawing attention to the inherent ethical dimensions of artistic practices.
…..4. The work of art within the Public Sphere
The most radical consequence of Aristotle's scheme is that it situates the aesthetic object within a multi-dimensional, comprehensive network of representational practices, including the mechanisms activating the interactions between these practices, on the basis of which the public sphere is constituted. Besides the diverse forms of aesthetic representations, such a public sphere is constituted by political or parliamentary forms of representation, legal procedures for representation, political demonstrations and protest movements, the representational practices of media and social networks, as well as economic and religious systems of representation. These representational systems/mechanisms are in turn supported by a broad range of discursive practices dealing with sovereignty, religion, justice, religion, war and peace, as well as gender, ethnicity, race, education, and so on. The fundamental ontological instability of the work of art gives it a unique position within the public sphere, of which Plato was obviously also aware. While Aristotle considered this instability and the potential of the arts to interfere in and even subvert the other representational practices within the public sphere a creative resource, for Plato it constituted a threat.
Aristotle's implicit critique of Plato's position in The Republic, restricting the freedom of expression of the arts in the ideal polis, still challenges us to reconsider the crucial role of artistic creativity and the aesthetic experience for understanding the world we live in. The arts enable us to consider basic ontological issues, in particular in trying to grasp the ontological instability of the work of art and the subversive potentials this instability gives rise to. The arts also challenge us to explore epistemological issues and to question how we know certain things and how we can arrive at this knowledge at any given moment within the temporal scheme. Finally, the arts ask us to consider the ethical dimensions of this understanding and our emotional response to these insights. These issues also harbour important pedagogical dimensions, enabling us to examine how the arts have been studied, researched, and practiced within academic contexts, but also for the broader understanding and appreciation of artistic practices within the larger public, social sphere, assisting us to define moral actions and even to pass moral judgements.
Witnessing for the Witness
The poet Paul Celan who survived the Second World War in Europe, after having fled from a Rumanian labour camp, wrote in his poem Achenglorie that 'no-one can bear witness for the witnesses' (Niemand zeugt für den Zeugen), meaning that the experience itself cannot be passed over to anyone else and it cannot be appropriated for any other event, no matter how threatening or complex. Each historical event is unique. It is a particular occurrence or chain of actions and reactions. The arts have, however, already transgressed Celan's imperative and will continue to bear witness, also after all the direct witnesses are dead, extending the chain of witnessing, bridging the inevitable gaps between the generations. Therefore, regardless of our ideological convictions or political opinions, we have to be very cautious when discussing and evaluating the ways in which works of art incorporate historical events, hopefully enabling us to gain a more profound understanding of these events at any given moment in the constantly evolving present.
We are frequently exposed to situations where, in particular, politicians handle these issues somewhat recklessly, lacking the kind of responsibility that is necessary in order to receive the ethical 'permission' to break Celan's imperative. The arts also raise the issue of what the historical past means for us today, like Brecht does when he decides that Mother Courage and her Children – which takes place during the Thirty-Year-War, in the first half of the 17th century – will be the first production he will direct in Berlin after 16 years of exile — more than three hundred years after the war he portrays on the stage.
My basic claim is that the endeavour to 'perform history' within aesthetic contexts (as opposed to the polemical/political ones, as well as different forms of re-enactments of historical events) is constituted by a complex double perspective. On the one hand, such aesthetic representations present a lived immediacy of the historical event, an immersion into that historical reality, including the limited understanding (or denial) of what is happening as the events unfold according to their sometimes perverse logic; while at the same time, these aesthetic representations also include some form of more general retrospective understanding of their consequences for us in the present, in particular regarding the ethical (though not moralistic) dimensions of these events. Aesthetic representations of the past are constituted by carefully balancing the limited or limiting understanding a person living at a specific moment has, incapable of grasping the whole event of which he or she is a part, with some form of retrospective understanding that these historical events may have for us at any given point in time.
A work of art 'performing history' demonstrates how to construct and retain the balance between the lived moment and the retrospective understanding. Political polemics mobilizing the past however often lack an understanding of the complexities for those who lived in a certain moment to grasp larger and more comprehensive patterns. What I term the political, polemical version — 'teaching' lessons from history, rather than trying to understand the past — is based on the assumptions that those who lived at the time these events took place should have known better. Historical 're-enactments,' on the other hand are as a rule, based on the fantasy of a total immersion in the past, where there is no room whatsoever for retrospection within the 'event' itself, as a rule passing on this responsibility to the spectators. Re-enactments of artistic events in the past, like the Globe Theater in London, or of performance art, like Marina Abramović's New York exhibitions at the Guggenheim (Seven Easy Pieces, in 2004) and at the MoMa (The Artist is Present, in 2010) re-enact aesthetic contexts which make room for complex modes of reflexivity that must also be taken into consideration. There are many (even more traditional) dramas where history is performed which contain plays-within-the-play, creating such a self-reflexive dimension.
The dialectics between the partial understanding of the events as they unfold and a more synoptic, retrospective understanding is a crucial component of how art 'performs' history. One of the main reasons why this dialectic is both complex and challenging is that there is, of course, no guarantee that our retrospective perspective really provides a full understanding of the past because one of the things we have learned about such retrospective understandings is that they also change through time. One of the functions of artistic representations of the past is indeed to constantly question the validity of such retrospective understandings, because the past also 'changes' by being reconsidered.
In order to 'perform history' – and I am primarily interested in how this can be done on a theatrical stage – it is necessary to confront the paradoxical tensions of the immediacy of the events themselves (as Mother Courage hears the drums and the shot killing her son), which the dramatist/director has to organize according to some narrative principle, while at the same time presenting a more general understanding of why such a particular moment is worthy of our attention; why we somehow always wait too long to take action, which Mother Courage obviously did.
What can we gain by engaging in a certain moment from the historical past? Do we really believe such moments can 'teach' us anything crucial about human nature or human fate? Will it prevent us from repeating the catastrophes of the past? These are not easy questions to answer, because at the same time as an answer confronts complex ideological and moral issues, there is always a margin of uncertainty as to whether we have really understood the full consequences of a certain event in the historical past. Finally, the only thing we can learn from history is probably that it is impossible to learn from history. And in spite of this we will most likely go on insisting, breaking Celan's imperative that 'no-one can bear witness for the witnesses'. The theatre can and will – but only if it confronts the question why it is important to bear witness for the witnesses.
Cover image Rossella Biscotti, Le teste in oggetto, 2009, Nomas Fondation, Roma
1 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/6763/6763-h/6763-h.htm#link2H_4_0011
Selected passages from an essay that will be published in David Dean, Yana Meerzon, Kathryn Prince (eds), History, Memory, Performance, (Palgrave/Macmillan, expected publication date November 2014). This book "is an interdisciplinary collection of essays exploring performances of the past in a wide range of trans-national and historical contexts ranging from seventeenth century New France and nineteenth-century Russia to modern Australia, Brazil, Britain, Canada, Lebanon, Russia, and the United States. Contributions from theatre scholars and public historians address issues of shared interest to the disciplines of theatre studies and theatre history, performance studies, history, and public history, coalescing around the concept of memory, both collective and individual. Wide-ranging and theoretically engaged, History, Memory, Performance is especially timely given the historical turn in theatre studies and the performative turn in historical studies.") from the editors' introduction)
Freddie Rokem is the Emanuel Herzikowitz Professor for 19th and 20th Century Art at Tel Aviv University where he teaches in the Department of Theatre. Among his many publications are Jews and the Making of Modern German Theatre (2010, co-edited with Jeanette Malkin); Strindberg's Secret Codes (2004), Philosophers and Thespians: Thinking Performance (2010) and the prize-winning Performing History: Theatrical Representations of the Past in Contemporary Theatre (2000). The editor of Theatre Research International from 2006-2009, he is now one of the editors of the new series Performance Philosophy (Palgrave Macmillan). He has been a visiting Professor at universities in the United States, Germany, Sweden and Finland, and is also a translator and a dramaturg. Freddie Rokem, Filosofi e uomini di scene. Pensare la performance, a dura di Annalisa Sacchi, Mimesis, Milano 2013.
Freddie RokemPerforming HistoryPerforming the Historical Past
Archivi biologici / Archivi biografici di Alessandra Cianelli, Beatrice Ferrara, Alessandra Ferlito
Gli Ex (della serie 'Le vacanze culturali') di Serena Vestrucci


In principle, sports betting works to the credo of using small efforts for big gains. As simple as the process seems to be – just predict the outcome of a game right and cap off the day with the bounty. However, wagering is a highly nuanced activity involving many subtleties that can impact the overall experience. We are uncovering such intricacies and elaborating few proven sports betting strategies to help you work your way up. After all, your money is on the line.
It is only human to fall prey to the lure of betting on multiple games simultaneously. The reason being, games are too many and rewards are too lucrative to hold back. However, the ploy can lead to a downward spiral because you are basically wagering at the drop of the hat, without proper planning or game awareness. Contrarily, if you stick to one game, you are giving yourself a realistic chance to know it inside out and reduce the match up research time and effort drastically. The strategy translates to informed bets, which is integral to wagering gains.
Whether you are a low-stakes casual bettor or a professional one with a seven-digit bankroll, limiting your bets is imperative for taking betting to the other level. The strategy has a rational foundation to it, which boils down to the uncertainty that betting brings in. Though betting is a low risk yet high yield proposition, the bettor is prone to lengthy losing streaks that take a toll on his bankroll and the very motivation to bet. The ideal betting amount should be anywhere between 5 to 10% of the bankroll for an average bettor, while high fliers can stretch it to about 20%. This will hedge you against heavy losses and sustain your wagering frenzy over time.
The outcome of any contest – be it an individual sport or a team game – invariably depends on the performance of the players. So, you have to step into the role of a researcher to find out everything on players and team compositions. Suppose, your chosen sport is cricket, research the form, fitness, adaptability and skills of each individual player who will feature in the contest. This is the ideal way to add nuance to your online betting decisions. Putting this strategy in motion is easy as well, thanks to the diverse, easily accessible online resources.
If planning is not your cup of tea, technology comes across as the saviour. A number of specialized software in the market can guide you to advanced strategies in efficient and convenient ways. Typically, sports betting software factors in an extensive data to deliver stats and advanced trends, which can be easily accessed by just typing in the variables. Moreover, you can capitalize on various wagering systems to be in the know of your betting patterns.
Besides the above-mentioned strategies, there are few more that cannot be undermined.


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Where are foreign investments going?
From tomatoes to oil: what projects in the Far East actually turned out to be attractive for foreign business
The state strategy for the development of the Russian Far East is based on the desire for economic integration of the region with the largest economies of the Asia-Pacific region. The efforts made simultaneously mean stimulating the export activities of existing enterprises and creating competitive conditions for attracting foreign business. Today, this work begins to bear fruit.
Photo: shutterstock.com / Sakhalin oil and gas projects - the largest example of international cooperation in the Far East
The main principle of the Ministry for the Development of the Russian Far East is to create competitive conditions for investment and business in the Far East. According to the Minister of the Russian Federation for the Development of the Far East Alexander Galushka, this practically means that "income tax, for example, we should have no more than 11%, as in the Republic of Korea, insurance premiums - no more than 10%, as in Japan. The deadline for obtaining a building permit is no more than 26 days, as in the USA, and customs procedures are as in Singapore. This is practical competitiveness. "
New economic regimes in the Far East - territories of advanced development and the Free Port of Vladivostok - allow businesses to significantly optimize the economic model when working in the Far East. In addition to the widely used incentives to optimize income tax and property tax, these regimes have, for example, such benefits as the optimization of social payments to the payroll fund. Residents pay insurance premiums of 7,6% instead of 30%, which provides tangible savings, especially for projects that employ highly qualified and highly paid personnel. In general, the attractiveness of priority development areas is due to three main elements. The first is tax breaks. The second is the availability of infrastructure. The third component is a special management system for such territories. The Ministry for the Development of the Russian Far East defines the basic principle of this system as follows: "The investor is always right."
Interestingly, companies from small to large can apply for such support, having received the status of a resident of the Free Port or TOP. The minimum investment threshold is 500 thousand rubles for ASEZs and 5 million rubles for the Free Port. At the same time, both new companies starting a business from scratch and existing enterprises investing in technological modernization or expansion of production can apply for benefits. Practice shows that small and medium-sized businesses are really starting to enjoy benefits: among the existing residents there are companies in which only 10-15 people are employed.
Today, the Agency of the Far East for Investment Promotion (IPA) has developed investment development strategies for all 9 subjects of the Far East, and in the portfolio of well-developed investment projects there are more than 400 projects structured in terms of investment and industries. Many of them may be of interest to foreign companies and are already offered to them at various venues. Significant expectations for the IPA are related to the creation of country investment platforms. One such - the Russian-Japanese platform - starts work this year, the Japanese Bank for International Cooperation, JBIC, is partnering with the Japanese side. It is planned to create similar investment platforms with China, India and the Republic of Korea.
Data of the Agency of the Far East on attracting investments
SIGNIFICANT PROJECTS OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
The largest international project in the Russian Far East today remains the development of oil and gas fields on the Sakhalin shelf. Companies from the USA, Japan and India are participating in the Sakhalin-1 project; in the Sakhalin-2 project - companies from the USA and Japan. The share of the Chinese business is in the Sakhalin-3 project. The extracted raw materials are sent for export, as well as for processing on the domestic market. At the same time, already today, thanks to government measures to support business in the Far East, new, in many ways significant projects of international cooperation are starting on the territory.
So, in the active stage today is a project to create by Indian investors coal mining enterprise in Kamchatka. Interest in the Krutogorovsky coal deposit in the region was shown by the holding TATA Group. TATA Power intends to produce coal for export in Kamchatka, including to provide fuel for its own generating assets.
Investment in the project is estimated at $ 560 million. The volume of project financing from Sberbank is estimated at about $ 400 million, and financing will begin in 2018. A precondition for the entry of Indian business into the project was a system of preferences, which provide investors in the Far East with new development tools, in particular, the opportunity to receive TOR preferences and the necessary infrastructure. According to the project, after reaching full capacity, the field will produce up to 10 million tons of coal ready for sale per year.
This is not the only new Indian business project in the Far East. Today, dynamic preparations are underway for the launch of a diamond cutting enterprise in Vladivostok of the largest Indian holding KGK. The investor received the status of a resident of the Free Port of Vladivostok, the necessary equipment has already been delivered to the facility, and after the launch, the investor will be offered the services of the Eurasian Diamond Center - a specially created infrastructure for the storage and customs processing (export) of valuable goods, including diamonds.
Cooperation with investors from Japan is developing no less dynamically. One of the brightest projects with the participation of a large Japanese consortium is the reconstruction and development of the international airport in Khabarovsk. The consortium includes Sojitz Corporation, Japan Airport Terminal Co., JOIN investment fund of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport of Japan. The capacity of the new airport will be up to 3 million passengers per year. The total cost of the project is about $ 70 million.
In the interests of investors, a number of unprecedented decisions have already been made, in particular, the approval of the FAS of the values of long-term tariffs for the infrastructure facility. Work is also underway to include the city of Khabarovsk in the zone of the Free Port's economic regime. After the adoption of the relevant law, investors will be able to take advantage of all the tax benefits that this regime gives, and the airport itself will fall into the zone of a simplified visa regime for foreign citizens.
In this regard, it should be noted that every third of the projects signed in December last year during the official visit of Russian President V.V. Putin to Japan, geographically belongs to the Far East. In total, these are 27 projects, including 10 projects in the field of resource extraction, 15 projects for industrial development, 1 project in the field of urban development and 1 project in the field of medicine and health. At the same time, most industrial projects are focused on exporting products.
Within the framework of the new mechanisms for the development of the Far East, projects involving investors from the Republic of Korea are also being launched. This country is today the largest exporter of fish and seafood from the Russian Far East. Therefore, it is not surprising that Korean investments come to the fishing industry.
So, in Kamchatka, Korea Traiding & Industries Co. invests about $ 7 million in the construction of a fish processing complex with a capacity of 10 thousand tons of products in the TOP. The project itself (City 415, is being implemented on parity terms with a Russian partner) has already received preferences from a resident of the advanced development area, in 2017 the investor plans to start building a quay wall, and the entire complex should be commissioned by 2020. Export orientation of the created production is assumed.
In total, Korean investors are currently implementing 6 projects in the Far East. The total investment in these projects is about $ 70 million. In addition, a company from the Republic of Korea intends to take part in the construction of the Kamchatka Regional Hospital. The volume of investments will be about $ 200 million.
POSSIBILITIES OF THE LOCAL MARKET FOR FOREIGN INVESTORS
The domestic market of the Russian Far East is quite small. Nevertheless, it allows developing economically effective projects in different sectors. Such projects, based either on import substitution or on technological modernization, can give the investor a guaranteed and stable profitability, even if the production itself will not be of a large scale. The success of such projects largely depends on the level of technology with which the investor comes. That is why projects in this sphere are of interest among foreign partners.
So, it was the domestic market that focused on one of their first projects implemented in the territory of the advanced development, the Japanese greenhouse complex JGC Evergreen. The greenhouses built in the Khabarovsk TOR produce tomatoes and cucumbers for the domestic market. The investor chose a successful marketing strategy: the cost of the product is lower than that of Chinese imports, and the quality is higher. As a result, greenhouses only have to compete with the seasonal output of local farms.
The Investment Promotion Agency today systematizes the needs of the Russian domestic market and offers investors projects by industry.
Firstly, it is the urban infrastructure. The potential investment in the renovation of the worn-out infrastructure of housing and communal services in the largest cities in the Far East is estimated at almost $ 1 billion. The economy of projects is based on tariff regulation, while the Far East already has experience in fixing tariffs for a long time to ensure return on investment.
Secondly, it is local energy. This process is already underway - projects on energy efficiency, as well as on reducing the dependence of local generation on expensive imported fuel, are already being implemented and are giving investors the expected commercial result. It's no joke to say that due to the deterioration of equipment and problems with fuel logistics at individual power plants, the cost of electricity generation reaches 2 dollars per 1 kWh. The Russian authorities are ready to preserve the existing amounts of subsidies for the payback period of projects, which allows the investor to "put down" the project's economy and get his economic result.
Thirdly, the IPA invites investors, including foreign ones, to invest in the development of retail chains and logistics. The year 2017 was significant in many ways - a hypermarket of a large retail chain of construction and household goods Leroy Merlin opened in Khabarovsk. The investment capacity of the industry, according to IPA analysts, today is over $ 1,1 billion. Fourth, the market for the creation and development of high technologies in the Far East is promising, for example, for the deep processing of local raw materials. The investment capacity of this market is over $ 3 billion. In this regard, the experience of the Korean company Gideon Sistek together with the Russian City Transport Company is interesting: investors, having received the status of a resident of the Free Port of Vladivostok, are investing over $ 30 million in the development of a smart payment system for urban transport in the capital of Primorye.
EXTREME CONDITIONS - BENEFITS FOR BUSINESS
Another interesting opportunity, which opens the Russian Far East for foreign investors, is the local climate. The conditions of the sharply continental climate of Yakutia or the specific conditions of the coastal regions of Kamchatka is an opportunity to develop and test new technologies that will then find application in many countries, in the Arctic and Antarctic. This is not a new story - for example, the Yakutsk airport is traditionally used by the leaders of the world aircraft industry for testing and approbation of technologies in extreme cold conditions.
The experience of Japanese power engineers is interesting: thanks to the support of the Japanese state organization NEDO, modern high-tech wind power generation complexes were built in Kamchatka. For engineers at Komaihaltec, working in Kamchatka was a real challenge. Technologies that allow the equipment to "survive" at temperatures up to minus 40 degrees Celsius, were specially developed for this project. The increased climatic requirements have touched all: both metal constructions, and a construct, and features of construction of the power scheme of delivery of the electric power. But thanks to the implementation of the project, the Japanese company, in fact, opened its way to a new market - the wind power generation market in the Arctic. Technology developed in Kamchatka is a competitive offer that can now be applied not only in Russia, but also in other northern countries. Moreover, the Japanese side is interested in finalizing its technology for even more severe conditions and, for this purpose, intends to implement another wind power generation project - this time in the village of Tiksi (Yakutia), on the coast of the Arctic Ocean.
Another example is the Sayuri greenhouse complex built in the suburb of Yakutsk with the participation of the Japanese investor Hokkaido Corporation. The initiators of the project brought the Japanese technology of growing vegetables to the permafrost, additionally modifying it taking into account local climatic conditions. This was the first experience of using the equipment in frost conditions reaching minus 60 degrees Celsius. It is worth noting that the operation of the equipment is monitored around the clock by the Japanese side: massive amounts of telemetry are broadcast online to Japan, and the Japanese side decides on the exact settings of the equipment (heating, ventilation, watering). The very first "wintering" of the greenhouse gave an impressive result: the equipment passed all climatic tests, the greenhouse yields a crop, there is a stable demand for the crop - all produced products are consumed by the local market.
Today, thanks to state support for the advanced development of the Far East, similar projects for the development of new technologies, as well as the creation of testing grounds for existing equipment, will multiply. The territory of Yakutia is especially promising in this regard, because polygons for climatic tests can be formed where there is already a full-fledged infrastructure: a railway, a highway, the city of Yakutsk with a high scientific base, etc. Already now, among the potential residents of the TOP Industrial Park Kangalassy "there are foreign companies that are considering the possibility of building test sites for their products.
Published in the bulletin Economy of the Far East
Tags: investments cooperation China India Japan Power engineering TOP Free port
Text: Leonid Agafonov
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The Development of Advanced Kick Coaching (The Kevin Ball Way) started about 20 years ago when Kevin Ball was working at the Institute of Sport in Bio-mechanics. The AFL Academy would come through the Institute every year and their Kicking techniques would be analysed.
Later whilst completing a PHD in Melbourne Kevin starting working with the Hawthorn AFL Club working on the analysis of kicking. At the end of 2002 Kevin Ball became the first full-time AFL kicking coach employed by Fremantle.
Whilst working at Hawthorn and Fremantle he used a scientific approach to the development of the kicking program. It was found that the program needed to be individualised, each player would have a slightly different technique and after analysis the objective was to make corrections, striving to develop each player's 'best technique'.
In 2018 the Advanced Kick Coaching App was released, making this program available to football players of all ages and level. The App is a terrific tool used for filming a player's kicking technique and also displaying the kicking analysis of the filmed technique.
This Kick Coaching program is available for all ages and level, simply download our App from the App store, register your details and purchase an online kicking analysis.
The filmed kicking action is analysed using our proprietary analysis software. From this analysis we provide a report which will overview the kicking action and then importantly focus on the 2 most crucial aspects to be improved.
The filmed kicking action is available stored in the App for playback, it is good to replay the kick whilst taking in the detailed comments from our team. You can also compare your kicking action to RoboKicker, our animated kicking comparison.
As part of the program you'll get intervention drills that you can practise, they are designed to tap into the area that you're working on, repeat these drills, it takes repetition to effect a change to technique.
You need to practice pointing your kicking foot toe at the target (after you kick). Your foot is loose when you kick the football - indicated by your kicking foot toe pointing up to the sky on the follow through. A strong, firm foot will allow you to dart the football into the corridor or inside 50 with penetrating short kicks (also see video drills).
"Good kicking technique means better performance and fewer injuries"


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Q: Package installation pycharm I'm having a problem with pycharm packages, because they are installed. If I list them, they are installed.  When I try to use pandas I get this error:

Missing required dependencies {0}".format(missing_dependencies))
  ImportError: Missing required dependencies ['numpy']

But the package is already installed.

A: Do you use Anaconda? Try PyCharm 2019.1 EAP build, the issue should be resolved there: PY-32366.


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Men Who Eat 'Western' Junk Food Diet Have Lower Sperm Counts, Study Finds
Sam Nickerson
Jul 02, 2019 2:53AM EDT Food
FERKHOVA / iStock / Getty Images Plus
Experts have declared the Mediterranean diet the best diet in 2019 for heart health, body weight and longevity. But what about the "Western diet," consisting of high-fat, processed foods, such as pizza, fries and lots of red meat?
According to a recent Harvard University-led study, it could mean a significantly reduced sperm count for young, otherwise fit men, possibly contributing to a rise in Western infertility rates.
U.S. and Danish researchers found that young men who ate mostly processed junk foods had 25.6 million sperm per ejaculate fewer than those who followed more balanced and plant-based diets. A low sperm count is defined as having fewer than 15 million sperm per milliliter or less than 39 million sperm per ejaculation, CNN reported.
"Our findings support the growing evidence that adhering to generally healthy diet patterns, including local variations, is associated to higher sperm counts and more favorable markers of sperm function," the researchers said in a presentation of their findings at European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) annual meeting in Vienna, Austria last week.
A low sperm count can make it difficult for couples to become pregnant and the researchers noted falling fertility rates over the past few decades, referring to it as a "crisis." While there are likely multiple factors contributing to this trend, the study suggests that diet may play a significant role, as a nearly 60 percent drop in Western fertility rates since the 1970s appears to follow the rise in popularity of processed junk foods.
For the study, the researchers examined the medical data of around 3,000 men before they joined the Danish military between 2008-2017. The average age of the participants was 19 years old. Participants filled out a questionnaire categorizing them into four diets: the Western diet of high-fat junk food; a Scandinavian diet of processed meats, whole grains, fish and dairy; a vegetarian diet; and a "prudent" diet of lean meats, fruits and vegetables.
Men who followed the "prudent" diet had the highest sperm counts, followed by the vegetarian and Scandinavian diets. Men who ate the Western diet not only had the lowest sperm count — despite often being at their reproductive peak biologically — but many also met the criteria for low sperm count, according to The Independent. The researchers also tested the participants' hormones and found that men following the Western diet also appeared to have fewer sperm-producing Sertoli cells.
Sperm counts can be increased in two to three months by eating healthier, but damage to Sertoli cells may not be reversible, The Telegraph reported.
"The concern would be that poor diet younger in life makes a change that sticks with you," male fertility expert professor Allan Pacey of the University of Sheffield, who was not involved in the study, told The Telegraph.
The study has not yet been published in a peer-reviewed journal.
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text:
Gmina Nørager (duń. Nørager Kommune) – w latach 1970–2006 (włącznie) jedna z gmin w Danii w ówczesnym okręgu północnej Jutlandii (Nordjyllands Amt).

Siedzibą władz gminy była miejscowość Nørager.

Gmina Nørager została utworzona 1 kwietnia 1970 na mocy reformy podziału administracyjnego Danii. Po kolejnej reformie w 2007 r. weszła w skład gmin Mariagerfjord i Rebild.

Dane liczbowe
 Liczba ludności: (♀ 2880 + ♂ 2685) = 5565
 wiek 0-6: 9,8%
 wiek 7-16: 15,2%
 wiek 17-66: 60,5%
 wiek 67+: 14,5%
 zagęszczenie ludności: 33,3 osób/km²
 bezrobocie: 4,3% osób w wieku 17-66 lat
 cudzoziemcy z UE, Skandynawii i USA: 146 na 10 000 osób
 cudzoziemcy z krajów Trzeciego Świata: 167 na 10 000 osób
 liczba szkół podstawowych: 3 (liczba klas: 43)

Zobacz też
 Gminy w Danii
 podział administracyjny Danii

Przypisy

Bibliografia

Nørager

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Arbogast may refer to:

People
 Arbogast (magister militum), a 4th-century Frankish general
 Arbogast (Count of Trier), a 5th-century Frankish-Roman comes in Trier who may have been Bishop of Chartres
 Arbogast von Franckenstein, a 10th-century knight and sworn defender of the Franckenstein realm
 Carl Arbogast, compiler of the eponymous Arbogast Method used in selection cutting silviculture
 Louis François Antoine Arbogast (1759 – 1803), a French mathematician who published a well-known calculus treatise in 1800
 Saint Arbogast (c. 600s–700), an Irish missionary and Bishop of Strasbourg
Thierry Arbogast, a French cinematographer known for his collaboration with director Luc Besson
 Todd Arbogast, an American mathematician known for his work in subsurface modeling

Characters and fictional entities
 Carl Arbogast, River Phoenix's character in the film Sneakers
 Chief Dino Arbogast, a senior officer of the New York Police Department in the TV series Blue Bloods
 Dr. Larry Arbogast, Danny DeVito's character in the film Junior
 Detective Milton Arbogast, the investigator in Alfred Hitchcock's film Psycho
 UNS Arboghast, a scientific research spaceship in the TV series The Expanse