As some of you may know, last weekend, I caught my first carp on a fly rod. I was floating the Missouri River with guide Jared Edens and owner John "Scumliner" Arnold of Headhunters Fly Shop looking for some it's trouts rising for the buffet of bugs (Mother's Day Caddis, March Browns, Blue Winged Olives, and some weird Trico-ey mayfly) that were hatching. Around 3, the high sun started to take it's toll and the bugs weren't coming off well. In the start of the float, John had mentioned that we would potentially have a shot at carp during the float. He asked if I would be interested. Being a sugar lips virgin, I said "Yes." Fast forward to 3 o'clock in the afternoon, John double checked with me and asked, "Are you serious about this carp?" I replied, "Yes."
So, we took an hour break from catching gaggles of trout on the Missouri to stalk some backwater carp. The carp has it's fair share of haters, but, they are worthy fish on the fly. Sore forearms, folded six weights, purring reels, and gold. During my five plus minute fight with my carp, Jared made it a double. A carp double. No footage to verify that. Just yelling. It happened. Trust me, I am a fly fishing blogger. After our carp break, we resumed hunting rising fish on the Missouri. The dry fly eating trout of the Missouri will grace the next YGF video. For now, enjoy fly fishing for Missouri River carp in HD.
Music: Jurassic 5 "What's Golden?"
What a great first carp!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
It pains me to tell you how many carp opportunities you missed while you were in college. They're my number one quarry here!
Ya know...they are a blast to catch...and to look at! I lost one a couple of weeks ago on my 6wt...but, the battle was awesome. Now that #8 is gone from the list...let's work on that #9. 'Tis the summer season!
I think I may need to implement the "Carp Break" into the trout regiment...looks like one hell of a good time. Well done sir, great video as always!
The carp alternative is a great option on the MO and many other rivers. I'm sure that "break" won't be your last. Nicely done!
Some of my favorite trout fishing float trips included not fishing for trout. Here in the east Smallmouth and Shad have saved many a day and added spice to an otherwise slow trip.
Haven't fished carp yet, but it's only a matter of time.
@Brookfield Angler - thanks. I definitely feel lucky to have caught such a nice carp as my first.
@TJ - I know...I know. I'll be back one day.
@The River Damsel - there is a lot to be done on my list.
@Fly Waters Edge - thanks kevin.
@Tom -thank you sir. I use Adobe Premiere Pro and a little bit of After Effects to edit my videos now.
@Sanders - it is a unique opportunity to take such a break, but it is one that is worth your time.
@Fred Telleen - definitely not my last. I see trips to Great Falls in my future.
@Steve - a multi-species day certainly adds some spice. RE: catching carp - do it...now.
Nice job Ivan. I'm still waiting for my Great Lakes carp to move inshore. Carp rock, I don't care what anyone says.


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Sino-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact
Treaty between the ROC and USSR
The Sino-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact (traditional Chinese :中蘇互不侵犯條約; simplified Chinese :中苏互不侵犯条约; pinyin :Zhōng-sū hù bù qīnfàn tiáoyuē) was signed in Nanjing on August 21, 1937, between the Republic of China and the Soviet Union during the Second Sino-Japanese War. It went into effect on the day it was signed. It was registered in League of Nations Treaty Series on September 8, 1937. [1]
Traditional Chinese characters are Chinese characters in any character set that does not contain newly created characters or character substitutions performed after 1946. They are most commonly the characters in the standardized character sets of Taiwan, of Hong Kong and Macau, and in the Kangxi Dictionary. The modern shapes of traditional Chinese characters first appeared with the emergence of the clerical script during the Han Dynasty, and have been more or less stable since the 5th century.
Simplified Chinese characters are standardized Chinese characters prescribed in the Table of General Standard Chinese Characters for use in mainland China. Along with traditional Chinese characters, they are one of the two standard character sets of the contemporary Chinese written language. The government of the People's Republic of China in mainland China has promoted them for use in printing since the 1950s and 1960s to encourage literacy. They are officially used in the People's Republic of China and Singapore.
Hanyu Pinyin, often abbreviated to pinyin, is the official romanization system for Standard Chinese in mainland China and to some extent in Taiwan. It is often used to teach Standard Mandarin Chinese, which is normally written using Chinese characters. The system includes four diacritics denoting tones. Pinyin without tone marks is used to spell Chinese names and words in languages written with the Latin alphabet, and also in certain computer input methods to enter Chinese characters.
Breach of the pact by the Soviet Union
Polikarpov I-16 with Chinese insignia. I-16 was the main fighter plane used by the Chinese Airforce and Soviet volunteers.
At first the treaty led to improving relations between the Kuomintang, Chiang Kai-shek's government and the USSR. Following the signing of the pact, the Soviet Union began sending aircraft to the Chinese national government in Operation Zet, as well as economic aid to help stave off Japanese occupation. Chiang hoped this was a precursor to Soviet intervention into the war, however as time passed he soon realized that the USSR was constricted in what aid it could actually provide, due to not wanting to upset the tacit alliance with Britain, France, and later the United States, who favored China in the war but, would back Japan against the USSR in order to weaken both.
The Kuomintang of China, also spelled as Guomindang and often alternatively translated as the Nationalist Party of China (NPC) or the Chinese Nationalist Party (CNP), is a major political party in the Republic of China based in Taipei that was founded in 1911. The KMT is currently an opposition political party in the Legislative Yuan.
Chiang Kai-shek, also known as Generalissimo Chiang or Chiang Chungcheng and romanized as Chiang Chieh-shih or Jiang Jieshi, was a Chinese nationalist politician, revolutionary and military leader who served as the leader of the Republic of China between 1928 and 1975, first in mainland China until 1949 and then in Taiwan until his death.
The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991. Nominally a union of multiple national Soviet republics, its government and economy were highly centralized. The country was a one-party state, governed by the Communist Party with Moscow as its capital in its largest republic, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. Other major urban centres were Leningrad, Kiev, Minsk, Alma-Ata, and Novosibirsk. It spanned over 10,000 kilometres east to west across 11 time zones, and over 7,200 kilometres north to south. It had five climate zones: tundra, taiga, steppes, desert and mountains.
The treaty also allowed the USSR to focus its attention more on the Western border where Nazi Germany was building up for what appeared to be war with the USSR especially after the Soviet-Japanese Neutrality Pact was signed. The pact contributed to the worsening relationship between China and Nazi Germany, which had already seen the end of German military assistance in China.
Nazi Germany is the common English name for Germany between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and his Nazi Party (NSDAP) controlled the country through a dictatorship. Under Hitler's rule, Germany was transformed into a totalitarian state where nearly all aspects of life were controlled by the government. The official name of the state was Deutsches Reich until 1943 and Großdeutsches Reich from 1943 to 1945. Nazi Germany is also known as the Third Reich, meaning "Third Realm" or "Third Empire", the first two being the Holy Roman Empire (800–1806) and the German Empire (1871–1918). The Nazi regime ended after the Allies defeated Germany in May 1945, ending World War II in Europe.
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia and the world's most populous country, with a population of around 1.404 billion. Covering approximately 9,600,000 square kilometers (3,700,000 sq mi), it is the third- or fourth-largest country by total area. Governed by the Communist Party of China, the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four direct-controlled municipalities, and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau.
Ironically, in 1937, while the pact was being signed, the Soviets brazenly breached it before and after the signing, conducting the Xinjiang War (1937) from August to October.
The Soviet Army was assisting its puppet Governor Sheng Shicai in Xinjiang. The Kuomintang Muslim General Ma Hushan led the 36th Division (National Revolutionary Army) to resist the invasion.
Sheng Shicai was a Chinese warlord who ruled Xinjiang from 1933 to 1944. Sheng's rise to power started with a coup d'état in 1933, when he was appointed the duban or Military Governor of Xinjiang. His rule over Xinjiang is marked by close cooperation with the Soviet Union, allowing the Soviets trade monopoly and exploitation of resources, which effectively made Xinjiang a Soviet puppet state. The Soviet era ended in 1942, when Sheng approached the Nationalist Chinese government, but still retained much power over the province. He was dismissed from post in 1944 and named Minister of Agriculture and Forestry. Growing animosity against him led the government to dismiss him again and appoint to a military post. At the end of the Chinese Civil War, Sheng fled the mainland China to Taiwan with the rest of Kuomintang.
Xinjiang, officially the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR), is a provincial-level autonomous region of China in the northwest of the country. It is the largest Chinese administrative division and the eighth largest country subdivision in the world, spanning over 1.6 million km2. Xinjiang contains the disputed territory of Aksai Chin, which is administered by China and claimed by India. Xinjiang borders the countries of Mongolia, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan (Gilgit-Baltistan) and India. The rugged Karakoram, Kunlun and Tian Shan mountain ranges occupy much of Xinjiang's borders, as well as its western and southern regions. Xinjiang also borders the Tibet Autonomous Region and the provinces of Gansu and Qinghai. The most well-known route of the historical Silk Road ran through the territory from the east to its northwestern border. In recent decades, abundant oil and mineral reserves have been found in Xinjiang and it is currently China's largest natural gas-producing region.
The 36th Division was a cavalry division in the National Revolutionary Army. It was created in 1932 by the Kuomintang for General Ma Zhongying, who was also its first commander. It was made almost entirely out of Hui Muslim troops, all of its officers were Hui, with a few thousand Uighurs forced conscripts in the rank and file. It was commonly referred to as the "KMT 36th Division", or "Tungan 36th Division".
Before the invasion, Ma Hushan had communicated with Chiang Kaishek, and he mentioned to Peter Fleming that Chiang was going to send help to fight the Soviets. However, the outbreak of war with Japan led Ma Hushan to face the Soviet Invasion on his own, despite resisting and killing Russian soldiers, Ma Hushan's forces eventually succumbed to Soviet mustard gas bombardment, and Ma Hushan fled to India, where he took a steamer back to China.
Lieutenant Colonel Robert Peter Fleming was a British adventurer, soldier and travel writer. He was the elder brother of Ian Fleming, creator of James Bond.
Sheng Shicai then invited Soviet forces to garrison in Turfan, right next to Gansu province.
The Republic of China government was fully aware of the Soviet invasion of Xinjiang province, and Soviet troops moving around Xinjiang and Gansu, but was forced to mask these maneuvers to the public as "Japanese propaganda" to avoid an international incident and for continued military supplies from the Soviets. [2]
The Chinese government responded with its own military moves. The Muslim General Ma Buqing was in virtual control of the Gansu corridor at this time. [3] Ma Buqing had earlier fought against the Japanese, but since the Soviet threat was great, Chiang made some arrangements regarding Ma's position. In July 1942 Chiang Kai-shek instructed Ma Buqing to move 30,000 of his troops to the Tsaidam marsh in the Qaidam Basin of Qinghai. [4] [5] Chiang named Ma Reclamation Commissioner, to threaten Sheng Shicai's southern flank in Xinjiang, which bordered Tsaidam.
After Ma evacuated his positions in Gansu, Kuomintang troops from central China flooded the area, and infiltrated Soviet occupied Xinjiang, gradually reclaiming it and forcing Sheng Shicai to break with the Soviets.
The Ili Rebellion broke out in Xinjiang when the Kuomintang Chinese Muslim Officer Liu Bin-Di was killed while fighting Turkic Uyghur Rebels in November 1944. The Soviet Union supported the Turkic rebels against the Kuomintang, and Kuomintang forces were fighting back.
The Kuomintang Chinese government ordered Muslim General Ma Bufang several times to march his troops into Xinjiang to intimidate the pro Soviet Governor Sheng Shicai. This helped provide protection for Chinese settling in Xinjiang. [6] Ma Bufang was sent with his Muslim Cavalry to Urumqi by the Kuomintang in 1945 during the Ili Rebellion to protect it from the Uyghur army from Hi (name for Ili at that time). [7] [8] [9] [10]
Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship
The Second East Turkestan Republic, commonly referred to simply as the East Turkestan Republic (ETR), was a short-lived Soviet-backed Turkic socialist people's republic. The ETR existed in the mid-1940s in northern Xinjiang. It began as a revolution in three northern districts of Xinjiang Province of the Chinese Republic, resulting in the Ili Rebellion, in 1946 it canceled the independent participation and joined the Xinjiang Provincial Coalition Government, but de facto autonomy. The rest of Xinjiang was under Kuomintang control. This region is now part of the northern Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China (PRC). ETR was the first phase of the Three Districts Revolution (1944–1949).
Muhammad Amin Bughra, also Muḥammad Amīn Bughra (1901–1965), Муххамад Эмин Бугро, Chinese: 穆罕默德·伊敏; pinyin: Mùhǎnmòdé·Yīmǐn, was a Turkic Muslim leader who planned to set up an independent state, the First East Turkestan Republic. Muhammad Amin Bughra was a Jadidist.
The Ma clique or Ma family warlords is a collective name for a group of Hui warlords in Northwestern China who ruled the Chinese provinces of Qinghai, Gansu and Ningxia for 10 years from 1919 until 1928. Following the overthrow of the Qing dynasty in 1911, the region came under Chinese Muslim warlord Ma Qi's control until the Northern Expedition by the Republic of China consolidated central control in 1928. There were three families in the Ma clique, each of them respectively controlled 3 areas, Gansu, Qinghai, and Ningxia. The three most prominent members of the clique were Ma Bufang, Ma Hongkui, and Ma Hongbin, collectively known as the Xibei San Ma. Some contemporary accounts, such as Edgar Snow's, described the clique as the "Four Ma", adding Ma Bufang's brother Ma Buqing to the list of the top warlords. Other prominent Mas included Ma Anliang, Ma Qi, Ma Lin, Ma Hu-shan, and Ma Zhongying.
Ma Bufang (1903 – 31 July 1975) (traditional Chinese: 馬步芳; simplified Chinese: 马步芳; pinyin: Mǎ Bùfāng; Wade–Giles: Ma3 Pu4-fang1, Xiao'erjing: ما بوفنگ) was a prominent Muslim Ma clique warlord in China during the Republic of China era, ruling the province of Qinghai. His rank was Lieutenant-general.
Ma Hongbin, was a prominent Chinese Muslim warlord active mainly during the Republican era, and was part of the Ma clique. He was the acting Chairman of Gansu and Ningxia Provinces for a short period.
Ma Zhanshan (Ma Chan-shan; simplified Chinese: 马占山; traditional Chinese: 馬占山; pinyin: Mǎ Zhànshān; Wade–Giles: Ma3 Chan4-shan1; November 30, 1885 – November 29, 1950) was a Chinese general who initially opposed the Imperial Japanese Army in the invasion of Manchuria, briefly defected to Manchukuo, and then rebelled and fought against the Japanese in Manchuria and other parts of China.
Ma Buqing (1901–1977) was a prominent Ma clique warlord in China during the Republic of China era, controlling armies in the province of Qinghai.
The Xinjiang clique was a military faction that ruled Xinjiang during China's warlord era. Unlike other cliques, its leaders were from outside the province.
Khoja Niyaz, also Khoja Niyaz Haji, was a Uyghur independence movement leader who led several rebellions in Xinjiang against the Kumul Khanate, the Chinese governor Jin Shuren and later the Hui warlord Ma Chung-ying. He is best remembered as the first and only president of the short-lived Islamic Republic of Eastern Turkestan from November 1933 until the republic's defeat in 1934.
The Soviet invasion of Xinjiang was a military campaign of the Soviet Union in the Chinese northwestern region of Xinjiang in 1934. White Russian forces assisted the Soviet Red Army.
The Ili Rebellion was a Soviet-backed revolt against the Kuomintang government of the Republic of China in 1944. Following the rebellion, the rebels established the Provisional Government of the Second East Turkestan Republic in 1944. The Ili Rebellion was the start of the Three Districts Revolution which lasted from 1944 to 1949.
The Second Battle of Ürümqi was a conflict in the winter of 1933–1934 at Ürümqi, between the provincial forces of Sheng Shicai and the alliance of the Chinese Muslim Gen. Ma Zhongying and Han Chinese Gen. Zhang Peiyuan. Zhang seized the road between Tacheng and the capital. Sheng Shicai commanded Manchurian troops and a unit of White Russian soldiers, led by Col. Pappengut. The Kuomintang Republic of China government had secretly incited Zhang and Ma to overthrow Sheng—even as they prepared to swear him in as governor of Xinjiang—because of his ties to the Soviet Union. Chinese Nationalist leader Gen. Chiang Kai-shek sent Luo Wen'gan to Xinjiang, where he met with Ma Zhongying and Zhang Peiyuan and urged them to destroy Sheng.
In 1937 an Islamic rebellion broke out in southern Xinjiang. The rebels were 1,500 Turkic (Uighur) Muslims led by Kichik Akhund, tacitly aided by the 36th Division against the pro-Soviet provincial forces of Sheng Shicai.
The Kuomintang Islamic insurgency refers to a continuation of the Chinese Civil War by Chinese Muslim nationalist Kuomintang Republic of China Army forces in Northwest China, in the provinces of Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, Xinjiang, and another insurgency in Yunnan.
The Kumul Rebellion was a rebellion of Kumulik Uyghurs from 1931 to 1934 who conspired with Hui Chinese Muslim Gen. Ma Zhongying to overthrow Jin Shuren, governor of Xinjiang. The Kumul Uyghurs were loyalists of the Kumul Khanate and wanted to restore the heir to the Khanate and overthrow Jin. The Kuomintang wanted Jin removed because of his ties to the Soviet Union, so it approved of the operation while pretending to acknowledge Jin as governor. The rebellion then catapulted into large-scale fighting as Khotanlik Uyghur rebels in southern Xinjiang started a separate rebellion for independence in collusion with Kirghiz rebels. Various groups rebelled, and were not united. The main part of the war was waged by Ma Zhongying against the Xinjiang government. He was supported by Chiang Kai-shek, the Premier of China, who secretly agreed to let Ma seize Xinjiang.
Ma Hu-shan was the brother-in-law and follower of Ma Chung-ying, a Ma Clique warlord. He ruled over an area of southern Xinjiang, nicknamed Tunganistan by westerners, from 1934–37.
Ma Zhongying, also Ma Chung-ying was a Hui Chinese Muslim warlord during the Warlord era of China. His birth name was Ma Buying. Ma was a warlord of Gansu province in China during the 1930s. His alliance with the Kuomintang (KMT) brought his predominantly Chinese Muslim troops under the control of the KMT as the 36th Division ; Zhongying was its commander. He was ordered to overthrow Jin Shuren, the governor of Xinjiang. After several victories over provincial and White Russian forces, he attempted to expand his territory into southern Xinjiang by launching campaigns from his power base in Gansu, but was stopped by Xinjiang warlord Sheng Shicai in 1934.
Xinjiang Province refers to a former province of the Republic of China. First set up in 1884 as a province of the Qing dynasty, it was replaced in 1955 by the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China. The original provincial government was relocated to Taipei as the Sinkiang Provincial Government Office (新疆省政府辦事處) until its dissolution in 1992.
Tunganistan was an independent administered region in the Southern part of the Chinese Province Xinjiang from 1934 to 1937. The Name Tunganistan was coined by the Austrian Mongolia expert Walther Heissig. The territory included the oases of the southern Tarim Basin, the centre of the region was Khotan.
↑ League of Nations Treaty Series, vol. 181, pp. 102-105.
↑ Hsiao-ting Lin (2010). Modern China's Ethnic Frontiers: A Journey to the West. Taylor & Francis. p. 58. ISBN 0-415-58264-4 . Retrieved June 28, 2010.
↑ Asia, Volume 40. Asia Magazine. 1940. Retrieved June 28, 2010.
↑ Hsiao-Ting Lin: War, Leadership and Ethnopolitics: Chiang Kai-shek and China's frontiers, 1941-1945, in: Journal of Contemporary China, Volume 18, 2009, Issue 59, pp. 201-217.
↑ Nationalists, Muslim Warlords, and the "Great Northwestern Development" in Pre-Communist China
↑ Human Relations Area Files, inc (1956). A regional handbook on Northwest China, Volume 1. Printed by the Human Relations Area Files. p. 74. Retrieved June 28, 2010.
↑ Paul Preston; Michael Partridge; Antony Best. British documents on foreign affairs: reports and papers from the Foreign Office confidential print. From 1946 through 1950. Asia, Volume 1. University Publications of America. p. 63. ISBN 1-55655-768-X . Retrieved June 28, 2010.
Low, Alfred D. The Sino-Soviet Dispute: An Analysis of the Polemics.Madison, Jersey: FDU Press, 1976.
Lee, Chong-Sik. Revolutionary Struggle in Manchuria: Chinese Communism and Soviet Interest, 1922 – 1945. Berkley:U of CA Press, 1983.
Lawrance, Alan. China Since 1919: Revolution and Reform, A Sourcebook.New York: Routledge, 2004.
Garver, John W. "Chiang Kai-shek's Quest for Soviet Entry into the Sino-Japanese War." Political Science Quarterly 102, no. 102 (1987): 295 – 316.
Text of the treaty
Sino-Russian treaties
Russian and Qing empires
Nerchinsk (1689)
Bura (1727)
Kyakhta (1727, 1768, 1792)
Kulja (1851)
Aigun (1858)
Tientsin (1858)
Peking (1860)
Tarbagatai (1864)
Saint Petersburg (1881)
Moscow (1896)
Boxer Protocol (1901)
Qiqikar (1911)
Russian Empire and Republic of China
Treaty of Kyakhta (1915)
Soviet Union and Republic of China
Sino-Soviet Treaty of Peking(1924)
Khabarovsk Protocol (1929)
Non-Aggression Pact (1937)
Treaty of Friendship and Alliance (1945)
Soviet Union and People's Republic of China
Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance (1950)
Border Agreement (1991)
Russian Federation and People's Republic of China
Treaty of Good-Neighborliness and Friendly Cooperation (2001)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Robotic Space Travel
Human Space Travel
The super Map of Dark Matter
« A new particle for dark matter
The migration of the planets from asteroids told »
Exploiting the effect of the gravitational lens and the power of the instrumentation of the Space Telescope, a team of scientists has managed, a few years ago, to reconstruct the distribution of dark matter in the cluster of galaxies called Abell 1689 with unprecedented detail.
A few years ago we had the news of the discovery of five galaxies in the early universe exploiting the phenomenon of gravitational lensing observations with the Herschel satellite. With the same methodology, but with the observations of the Hubble Space Telescope, a team of astronomers has managed to draw more detailed map to date of dark matter, the invisible and enigmatic element that seems to constitute the majority of the mass of 'universe.
Credit: NASA-ESA
Dan Coe of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, along with other researchers, has harnessed the power of Hubble's Advanced Camera for Surveys to track the distribution of invisible matter in the massive galaxy cluster called Abell 1689, which lies 2.2 billion light years from us. The gravitational pull generated from storage deflects the light radiation produced by the galaxies that lie behind the cluster with respect to our line of sight, thus acting as a real lens. This effect is more intense the higher the concentration of matter – visible but especially dark – which is located in the cluster. And considering this effect, astronomers have estimated the amount of dark matter in Abell 1689, finding that in the central area of storage under its concentration is much greater than indicated by the computer simulations. It is a surprising discovery, which was advanced by a few billion years the time when this cluster should be formed.
This map proved a veritable mine of information on the role of dark energy in the early stages of formation of the universe. First analyzes of data emerge indeed in important indication that galaxy clusters can therefore be formed more quickly than previously thought, before the effects produced by dark energy body block their growth. Dark energy – the more enigmatic "actor" in the evolution of the universe – in fact plays an antagonistic role to the gravitational pull exerted by dark matter. The dark energy galaxies are getting away from each other, stretching the space between them and effectively blocking the formation of large scale structures such as clusters of galaxies. And just to understand how it is done this tug of war between opposing forces is immeasurable certain to know what was the distribution of dark matter in the early universe.
To investigate more thoroughly these fundamental aspects to reconstruct the evolution of the universe and its structures in the first billion years after the Big Bang, astronomers are planning new observational campaigns on other clusters of galaxies to study the influence of dark energy. A major program of Hubble, which will analyze the dark matter in galaxy clusters, is the Cluster Lensing and Supernova survey with Hubble (CLASH). In this survey, the space telescope will study 25 clusters, for a total of a month cumulative observations, distributed over the next three years. The galactic agglomerates which were selected emit intense flows of X-rays, the signal of the presence of large quantities of hot gas inside them and therefore of great mass concentrated in them, just as Abell 1689.
Dawn sends sharper scenes from dwarf planet Ceres The closest-yet views of Ceres, transferred by NASA's Dawn spacecraft, present the small world's features in exceptional detail, including […]
Hubble's Andromeda Galaxy survey unlocks clues to star birth For best view, please click the image.This is a Hubble Space Telescope mosaic of 414 photographs of the nearest major galaxy to […]
NASA, University Study Shows Rising Seas Slowed by Increasing Water on Land New measurements from a NASA satellite have allowed researchers to identify and quantify, for the first time, how climate-driven increases […]
Galaxy clusters reveal new dark matter insights Dark matter is a mysterious cosmic phenomenon that accounts for 27 percent of all matter and energy. Though dark matter is all around us, […]
When a star dies The long glow in X-rays coming from Abell 1795 galactic storage recorded by NASA's Chandra space telescope would be the last act of the […]
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Our idea of construction is literally building for the future, with what is possible to predict with today's technology as an important factor. Keeping in mind the reality we all face of earthquakes, our buildings are designed with the highest standards of Civil and Electro Mechanical multi disciplinary Engineering making them resistant to severe seismic movement.
These codes are based on a society that has resisted centuries of battering earthquakes and contains the upper echelon of anti-earthquake engineering. This was proven in the most recent earthquake that registered 8.8 on the Richter scale, and in spite of the intensity buildings and infrastructure were highly resistant, behaving as expected with exception only in isolated cases in which later investigations confirmed that proper design specifications had not been followed.
Engineers from the most prestigious Chilean technical university, the Universidad Técnica Federico de Santamaría, elaborated the structural design. Our consultant in this department has extensive professional anti-earthquake structural expertise.


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World Polo League Player Nic Roldan Guarantees We'll Love Polo as Much as He Does
By Jayne Chase | December 27, 2019 |
Roldan with horse, Pepa, in front of the Santa Rita Polo Farm stables
For World Polo League team player Nic Roldan, riding has been a big part of his life since he could walk. "I remember my father, who played polo in Argentina and Brunei, put me on top of a quiet horse, put me out in the paddock, and said, 'Go ride around, and if you fall off, figure out how to get back on.' I sort of learned cowboy style and loved it," he says.
Ever since that experience, riding and polo has been a part of Roldan's life. Although he played other sports when he was younger, like soccer, golf, tennis and (still today) hockey, there was never any question that his passion was polo. "I lived and breathed polo," he enthusiastically responds. "It was all I thought about. It was my biggest passion—and still is."
Since going professional at the age of 15, after being asked to replace an injured rider on the Escue Team and winning at that year's U.S. Open, Roldan's professional polo career hasn't stopped. "I am still the youngest kid today to have won the U.S Open," the 36-year-old admits. "It opened up a lot polo opportunities for me, and it became what I was going to do."
Roldan and his top thoroughbred, Pepa, who has a promising winning future ahead
Polo has certainly taken him all over the world, playing on several different teams until longtime friends Melissa and Marc Ganzi, along with J5's Bob Jornayvaz, founded the World Polo League in 2018, with its first season in 2019. Roldan decided to join them to play the best polo in the United States. Now, in his second year, playing on the highest level of polo possible outside of Argentina with world-class players and equine athletes, Roldan and the World Polo League keep an grueling schedule, competing in Palm Beach, Aspen, Denver and Miami, as well as in many international destinations. "Our schedule starts in January. We go until the end of April, and we play about five or six 26-goal tournaments. It's a pretty long season," the handsome polo player says, smiling. "Honestly, you could watch polo every day between January and April if you wanted to, which makes me so happy. I want as many people to know about the sport as possible."
Keeping up with this rigorous schedule is not unlike that of any other pro athlete, and strength plays a major role in maintaining a high professional standing. "I spend two months in Aspen, play in the U.K., and then, we are back to Wellington in the fall," says Roldan. "Luckily for me, I'm a die-hard sports fan, so I love to train. In Aspen, I bike and hike, and, in Florida, during the season, the intensity of training increases. I try to change it up as much as I can, so I cross-train and play a lot of golf, which really helps strengthen my concentration. We're out on a polo field for a while, and your focus is very important to your team and the game. I meditate; stretch; and work with a physical therapist, who uses electrode machines, ultrasound and anything that works," says the pro.
Training and riding 15 horses (which he keeps at his barn at all times) for 12 minutes per horse every morning and afternoon, plus competing throughout the season, requires a significant nutritional routine as well. Although Roldan's diet isn't as strict as some of his teammates, he does focus on eating lean proteins, juicing, and eating large amounts of fruit and vegetables to maintain his weight and muscle strength. "For me, I just try and eat healthy. You don't want to bulk up as a polo player; you need to be light, but strong. I eat organically as much as I can, but if I want to eat a cheeseburger, I will. My body is happy this way, and I feel great."
Tags: equestrian horse professional polo
Photography by: Nick Mele | Shot on location in Wellington at Santa Rica Polo Farm


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Five area schools apply for voucher program
Five area school systems are among the 135 private and religious schools and school systems that have registered for the state's parental choice program.
Five area schools apply for voucher program Five area school systems are among the 135 private and religious schools and school systems that have registered for the state's parental choice program. Check out this story on fdlreporter.com: https://fondul.ac/1T8r0dT
Sharon Roznik, USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Published 8:07 a.m. CT Feb. 8, 2016 | Updated 9:35 a.m. CT Feb. 8, 2016
Winnebago Lutheran Academy(Photo: USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin file photo)Buy Photo
Additional area schools have applied to participate in Wisconsin's Parental Choice Program for the 2016-17 school year.
Newcomers St. John Lutheran School in Berlin and the Randolph Christian School Society have registered for the private school voucher program, and hope to join participants Central Wisconsin Christian School (CWC) in Waupun, as well as St. Mary's Springs Academy (SMSA) and Winnebago Lutheran Academy (WLA) in Fond du Lac
The Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction announced on Thursday that 135 private and religious schools and school systems have registered for the next school year. The program allows students to use a taxpayer-funded subsidy to attend participating private or religious schools.
This school year there are 51 voucher students at WLA and 70 at SMSA in Fond du Lac, and 32 at CWC in Waupun. For the current school year, the statewide voucher program had 2,514 students participating.
The WPCP began in the 2013-14 school year. Taxpayer costs for the 2014-15 school year were $7.3 million. Since inception and through last school year, payments to private and religious schools in Wisconsin for the statewide voucher program total $10,557,520.
To qualify, a new student must have a family income equal to or less than 185 percent of the federal poverty level, which is $45,263 for a family of four or $52,263 if the child's parents or guardians are married.
Twenty-three schools that previously participated in either the Milwaukee or Racine Parental Choice programs or both are registering to join the WPCP for the first time in 2016-17. In addition, there are 31 new private schools applying to participate in the statewide voucher program.
The amount of the voucher for 2016-17 is estimated to be $7,323 for pupils in grades K-8 and $7,969 for pupils in grades 9-12.
Voucher students are funded with a reduction to each public school district's state general aid. If the public school district does not receive an aid payment sufficient to cover the aid reduction, the balance would be reduced from other state aid received by the district. Incoming pupils in the WPCP are included in the resident public school district's membership for state general aid purposes, but the resident district may not levy to backfill the aid reduction. School districts will receive an annual adjustment equivalent to the number of resident choice pupils for revenue limit purposes.
Parents who wish to enroll their children must complete the online application by April 20 at the Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction website.
Read or Share this story: https://fondul.ac/1T8r0dT


Click the button below to add the La Iglesia y las últimas cosas | The Church and the Last Things to your wish list.
Este es el último tomo de una serie de grandes e importante obras de Dr. Martyn Lloyd-Jones en que el magistral predicador expone la Biblia para mostrar la esencia de la fe cristiana. Aquí se explora la idea de la iglesia y las últimas cosas.
The last book in a three-volume series by one of the most influential preachers of this century exploring the essentials of Christian doctrine focuses on echatalogical issues and the church.


Looking for an upgrade to my BSA B25. I want to add a little extra HP and if it's loud, that's fine as well, as I find the stock muffler is a bit too quiet to be safe. I'm open to anything! Located in Canada but no problems shipping overseas if I have to! Thanks!!
Alexp...you might get more of a response if you post this on the BSA page or British Motorcycles in General.
Norton Commando peashooter silencers fit as pipe diameter is the same, not sure if they add power but they sound good and not overly load and are straight through, the bike seems to pick up better when the revs rise but this is always deceptive as it could be its worse lower down than before. You just need to fabricate a bracket to go from the 2 bolt holes on the peashooter to the current plate near the passenger footpeg.
Thank you Roger and Kommando for getting back to me! Kommando, I have seen those pipes on BSAs before, and am going to order one and give it a shot! Thanks!!
Roger- I was under the impression that any modding be out here. Didn't want the BSA boys throwing eggs at me!
Which silencer have you got fitted now? the shorter (A10/A65 esk styled one) or the longer ugly (IMO) cigar shaped silencer? the shorter one will work quite well compared to the later cigar type.
I have the A10 style, as my B25 is the scrambler model. I would like to fit a bigger motor!!! Haha! Actually as it's my first ever motorcycle, I figured a 250 would suit me just fine!! I will see what the chances are of getting an original Dunstall, but I have a feeling that's a tall order!
"Listen to me I must be going fast"
Hillbilly thanks for that! I'm going to look into that!!
Andy- haha. The sarcasm you bring always makes me laugh!! In my defence, I have a small, 250cc cafe racer. If it sounds like a bee, then it's not really the best thing ever. I would also like to not get hit by a car as here in Canada, motorcyclists tend to be looked over when people are making turns!!
Sorry, an update, it was the 69 Model and they reverted to the 68 silencer, the 69 model did not rev as high.My star fire was moderately tuned by them and it revved to 9,000.
Thank you all. Sorry I've been under the radar a bit lately, as a move to a new job, and new city has taken all my time. Sadly my BSA is currently 6 hours away as I'm still looking for a place here in Ottawa to work on it over the weekend! I do have a bunch of parts here for it though!!
Most loud motorcycles just sound fast.
David. Define "fast". I don't ride old motorcycles to ride "fast". I can ride a Ducati, or a bull or something if I want to go "fast". I'm looking for the thrill of riding an old machine as fast as it can take me. Does that make it "fast"? Probably not. Does that make it fun? Yes. Don't cramp my style.
Last edited by Alexp; 01/10/19 5:21 pm. Reason: Don't cramp my style.
Not quite sure why you added that last part.
You can have a silencer which gives a sweet noise without causing you to wear a deafaid, I don't think anyone really minds those too much. You can also have a silencer which just echos the raw note of the engine, sounds good.... unless your actually following the person that is and then it sounds like a bean can (we get loads of kids doing this with their bikes locally) the sad thing is people tar other people with the same brush if they see similar behaviour.
It was mainly a response to what I've seen on this site as a lot of old men who do nothing but complain about anything other than what they deem is appropriate. It was not specific to anyone in particular, however it is something I'm noticing more and more about Brit bike. While I absolutely love the level of knowledge on here, I dislike the constant smarmy comments and tongue in cheek responses on other topics I've posted in. And others are feeling the same, and I'm not sure this is a forum I want to lay roots in. Having said all of that, I've met a few fantastic people on here, and the level of knowledge is stratospheric on this board! It's a balancing act.
Its called Grumpy Old Man Syndrome.
PS This site is one of the least Grumpy.
The forceful unsolicited advice about what you didn't ask is inevitable. As is always being told that you're wrong.
Out in the real world, you meet a wide cross-section of people who are polite and respectful but they can't help you with your bike problems.
Go to an old bike show or parts sale and you will meet some opinionated big-heads who yell at you because you've got a Wassell dipswitch on your Bantam, or because you have asked about twin carburettors on a 'Flash.
Some of those chaps are here on Britbike: why wouldn't they be? Maybe I'm one of them... Help!
One of the reasons I stopped going to bike shows.
perhaps what he was trying to say is that louder silencers doesn,t always relate to an increase in power,had a bsa barracuda with a high level exhaust and a short loud trials silencer, wouldnt pull the skin of a rice pudding, spent weeks trying different timing, carb settings with little improvement then changed the silencer for a one of the A65 as an experiment and it went like a train , shame it was too long ,(would have stuck outthrough the number plate) ended up buying a reverse cone mega of eBay to get it to run reasonably. well From what I remember about exhaust tuning theory, the length of optimum length of an exhaust can be bcalculated, please please dont ask me for the formula, cos its about 40 years since I saw it, but I seem to remember the theory was that at peak revs there should be a high pressure pulse at the system exit, which is reflected back an gives a low pressure pulse at the head on the exhaust stroke to help getting the waste gasses out the engine, as t said its about 40 years since I studied this so dont hold this as gospel truth, I've been Known to be wrong before and somedays (today) have trouble remembering what I did with the 3/8 bsw socket I just used on the wheel spindle.
As for an increase in exhaust volume having an increase in awareness of your prescence by other road users, with the amount of sound insulation in the passenger area of modern vehicles then I would think there would be little increase unless the exhaust was what some would call excessive, and by that I refer to the local constabulary, or indeed whatever periodic testing your bike may have to go through to comply with the local regulations.
'but what that strange clatterin' noise? better tell Pa that Bubba is cumin up the road agin"
Haha! This thread has gotten fantastic!
The only way you can sneak around on a beezer is by closely following a triumph!
That actually made me laugh out loud! Dammit I've spilt a lager.


LTD offers free bus service to fair attendees, courtesy of the Oregon Country Fair (OCF), during the three days of the event.
During the fair, to ride free on any LTD bus and connect to the Oregon Country Fair Express, fair attendees will need to show their OCF entrance tickets to the LTD bus operator. Tickets to the Oregon Country Fair need to be purchased in advance since tickets are not available at the gate.


Zhangjiajie World Geopark is a member of the first UNESCO World Geopark. From July 18th to 20th, 2018, UNESCO experts Mr.Randy Miller and Mr.Marco Cormac reassessed and inspected Zhangjiajie World Geopark. Two experts pointed out: "In recent years, Zhangjiajie has done a lot of work for geological protection and popular science. When we check a lot of content, we feel that it is perfect. There is almost no need for improvement. They think that Zhangjiajie has set a good example for other world geoparks.
From March 1st, Zhangjiajie National Forest Park-Wulingyuan core scenic spot will be executed at peak season's ticket price, 225 yuan per person(including eco-bus) . After the ticket is purchased, the visitor can enter Zhangjiajie National Forest Park-Wulingyuan core scenic spot for four consecutive days and take the scenic green bus.
Peak season time: From March 1st to November 30th.
Line B line: Visitor Center – Glass Bridge – Sky Suspension Road – Treasure Hunt Elevator – Rainbow Square – Touch-Touching Cave – Shenquan Lake – Cruise Terminal, B line's price is 256 yuan / person (Not including insurance 3 yuan / person).The scenic ticket checking-in time is from 8:00am to 15:00pm.
In addition, Zip line price is 30 yuan / person, and the elevator price is is 35 yuan / person. Please note: Only Glass Bridge Line Tour time is from 15:20pm to 17:00pm.
Zhangjiajie Real-scene Drama "Tianmen Fox Fairy – Liu Hai Cuts Firewood"will open the 2019 performance on March 8th.
In 2019, "Tianmen Fox Fairy" will celebrate its 10-year-old birthday. The whole performance will also be a grand upgrade. The upgraded "Tianmen Fox Fairy" will refresh the visitors with more shocking stage science fiction technology.Currently, all actors are actively preparing for upgrade re-performance.Looking forward to the 2019 "Tianmen Fox Fairy" ten years of amazing transformation.
"March Street" is a festival that the Bai people gather once a year, and it is also a grand gathering of the Bai people's traditional folk materials exchange and cultural activities. On "March Street", the local Bai people will perform the best traditional folk culture programs and bring the best handicrafts and local products to the scene for sale.