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Brian Fishbach
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Late Night Jokes for March 4, 2013
By Brian Fishbach
Britain's Queen Elizabeth II has been hospitalized due to a stomach infection. You hear that? Even the Queen of England gets diarrhea.
The movie Jack the Giant Slayer, based on the story Jack and the Beanstalk, is projected to do poorly at the box office, despite costing $195 Million to make. Let this be a message to all of you filmmakers: we the public are tired of your big-budget special effects ripoffs of children's literature. If you're going to make a $200 million movie based on a kids book, make one called "Everybody Poops: The Movie". Then people won't look at me funny anymore when I call these unoriginal special effects orgies "shitty".
The FBI released its files on Whitney Houston today. Nothing new, though, just a series of old Access Hollywood VHS tapes from 1992.
The state of Michigan has appointed an emergency fiscal manager to help the ailing economy of Detroit. In his first televised speech on the job, he announced that he will be spending the city's last $138.57 on PowerBall Tickets.
A private investor is starting an enterprise to send a couple to do year and a half journey to Mars and back. First they will have to design a spaceship, which will have to have special accommodations to trim pubic regions in zero gravity.
A guy from a town called North Freedom, Wisconsin accidentally shot himself in the foot while drunk. People don't often mention it, but freedom allows people to do really stupid shit.
Charlie sheen will welcome Lindsey Lohan to his show as a guest. Cocaine dealers are lining up for product placements during the show.
Steven Tyler of Aerosmith defended Beyonce's lip-synching at inauguration. Because if you need anyone's advice about lips, it's Steven Tyler.
Arnold Schwartzenegger has signed onto a new Terminator film. It's going to be called, Terminator 5: How to Terminate Your Marriage and Still Get the Chores Done.
A Japanese official has said that in order for the country to save money, elderly people should "hurry up and die". We have that in America—it's called Paul Ryan's medicare plan.
A new study shows that New York City is doing better than Los Angeles at eliminating childhood obesity. Who would have thought being a bagel snob is better for your weight than being a fashion snob.
Kim Kardashian said that she will not allow cameras in the delivery room when she has her baby. It would be nothing new, since most of the world has already seen her crotch.
Facebook's Mark Zuckerburg demonstrated recently how the website's new search function will help single people find more single people. Unfortunately, the new function does nothing to hide the shame that you will have met your date on Facebook.
This entry was posted on Monday, March 4th, 2013 at 7:00 am	and posted in Late Night Jokes.	You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed.
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Earlier this week a diplomatic breakthrough was reached by rival factions in the ongoing Libyan conflict. During a meeting between the presidents of the house of representatives and the state council, a compromise was brokered by the Italian Foreign Minister and the Italian Ambassador to Libya. Although the specific details of a unity government have yet to be determined, this week's meeting constitutes a crucial breakthrough following years of fighting, with each side agreeing to 'reach peaceful and fair solutions…' Observers have praised the meeting as a crucial first step in the road towards peace and reconciliation in Libya.


Curve is dedicated to connecting our retail partners to brands and products that connect with the consumer. We don't just buy and sell products – we carefully curate brands. We understand and consider not just our retail partner's journey, but the final consumer's.
Keeping on the pulse of what's happening in both brand and retail worlds: join us in touring CES.
Connect with us to book an appointment today!


text:
Home Solar News SunPower Passes TUV Rheinland's New Sand And Dust Tests
SunPower Passes TUV Rheinland's New Sand And Dust Tests
SunPower has passed TUV Rheinland's sand abrasion testing for photovoltaic modules, system components and mounting structures.
The criteria for the new test include UV aging. To conduct sand abrasion testing on SunPower PV modules, TUV Rheinland partnered with California-based National Technical Systems, which focuses on sand and dust testing.
Further development of the test standard is ongoing at TUV Rheinland in Cologne, Germany. The testing and certification company says its goal is to develop a comprehensive approach to evaluating modules that will be installed in a desert environment.
'There is a definite need for sand abrasion testing, but we wanted to develop it as part of a complete reliability testing approach for such environments," says Florian Reil, business field manager for innovations in the solar branch at TUV Rheinland. 'With the significant growth of PV forecasted through 2030 in desert regions, such as the southwestern U.S. and Middle East, these tests are particularly timely.'

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Covariance between X and ln(Y) with X and Y beta random variables I have a Dirichlet distribution $D(\alpha_1,\alpha_2,\alpha_3)$, with $\alpha=\sum_{i=1}^3 \alpha_i$. I know that the marginal distributions are beta distributions. Consider for instance the first 2 marginal random variables: $X \sim B(\alpha_1,\alpha-\alpha_1)$ and $Y \sim B(\alpha_2,\alpha-\alpha_2)$.
My question is how to compute $\textrm{cov}(X,\ln(Y))$ ? Can an exact expression be found (preferable), or do I need to use an approximation somewhere (perhaps working with a Taylor expansion)?
I know that $\textrm{cov}(X,Y)=\frac{-\alpha_1 \alpha_2}{\alpha^2(\alpha+1)}$.
I also know that: $\textrm{cov}(X,\ln(Y)) = E[X\ln(Y)]-E[X]E[\ln(Y)]$. Starting from this formula, the difficulty seems to be obtaining an expression for $E[X\ln(Y)]$.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


This great two bed house in Danesfield Close has just come on the market for £339,950 with Martin Flashman and benefits from tenants in situe!
With no work required when it comes to finding tenants this is an easy buy to let and currently rents for £1,100 per calender month.
Be the first to comment on "Danesfield Close- Already Tenanted!"


Sell used SPANX online with up to 90% payouts at thredUP. Be it one piece swimsuit, or jeggings, or swimsuit top, we will find a new home for things you do not need anymore.
How much will I earn when selling my SPANX clothes?


Deepika and Ranbir Kapoor: They broke up ages ago but still it doesn't matter if a producer wants them to work together. They have paired up post their breakup and will work together again, given a good script.
A breakup does not mean that you need to severe all ties with the person. You can't date the person but you can still remain friends. Let Bollywood show you the way.


text:
package appsutil

import (
	"reflect"
	"testing"
	"time"

	corev1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"

	appsv1 "github.com/openshift/api/apps/v1"
)

func TestPodName(t *testing.T) {
	deployment := &corev1.ReplicationController{
		ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
			Name: "testName",
		},
	}
	expected := "testName-deploy"
	actual := DeployerPodNameForDeployment(deployment.Name)
	if expected != actual {
		t.Errorf("Unexpected pod name for deployment. Expected: %s Got: %s", expected, actual)
	}
}

func TestCanTransitionPhase(t *testing.T) {
	tests := []struct {
		name          string
		current, next appsv1.DeploymentStatus
		expected      bool
	}{
		{
			name:     "New->New",
			current:  appsv1.DeploymentStatusNew,
			next:     appsv1.DeploymentStatusNew,
			expected: false,
		},
		{
			name:     "New->Pending",
			current:  appsv1.DeploymentStatusNew,
			next:     appsv1.DeploymentStatusPending,
			expected: true,
		},
		{
			name:     "New->Running",
			current:  appsv1.DeploymentStatusNew,
			next:     appsv1.DeploymentStatusRunning,
			expected: true,
		},
		{
			name:     "New->Complete",
			current:  appsv1.DeploymentStatusNew,
			next:     appsv1.DeploymentStatusComplete,
			expected: true,
		},
		{
			name:     "New->Failed",
			current:  appsv1.DeploymentStatusNew,
			next:     appsv1.DeploymentStatusFailed,
			expected: true,
		},
		{
			name:     "Pending->New",
			current:  appsv1.DeploymentStatusPending,
			next:     appsv1.DeploymentStatusNew,
			expected: false,
		},
		{
			name:     "Pending->Pending",
			current:  appsv1.DeploymentStatusPending,
			next:     appsv1.DeploymentStatusPending,
			expected: false,
		},
		{
			name:     "Pending->Running",
			current:  appsv1.DeploymentStatusPending,
			next:     appsv1.DeploymentStatusRunning,
			expected: true,
		},
		{
			name:     "Pending->Failed",
			current:  appsv1.DeploymentStatusPending,
			next:     appsv1.DeploymentStatusFailed,
			expected: true,
		},
		{
			name:     "Pending->Complete",
			current:  appsv1.DeploymentStatusPending,
			next:     appsv1.DeploymentStatusComplete,
			expected: true,
		},
		{
			name:     "Running->New",
			current:  appsv1.DeploymentStatusRunning,
			next:     appsv1.DeploymentStatusNew,
			expected: false,
		},
		{
			name:     "Running->Pending",
			current:  appsv1.DeploymentStatusRunning,
			next:     appsv1.DeploymentStatusPending,
			expected: false,
		},
		{
			name:     "Running->Running",
			current:  appsv1.DeploymentStatusRunning,
			next:     appsv1.DeploymentStatusRunning,
			expected: false,
		},
		{
			name:     "Running->Failed",
			current:  appsv1.DeploymentStatusRunning,
			next:     appsv1.DeploymentStatusFailed,
			expected: true,
		},
		{
			name:     "Running->Complete",
			current:  appsv1.DeploymentStatusRunning,
			next:     appsv1.DeploymentStatusComplete,
			expected: true,
		},
		{
			name:     "Complete->New",
			current:  appsv1.DeploymentStatusComplete,
			next:     appsv1.DeploymentStatusNew,
			expected: false,
		},
		{
			name:     "Complete->Pending",
			current:  appsv1.DeploymentStatusComplete,
			next:     appsv1.DeploymentStatusPending,
			expected: false,
		},
		{
			name:     "Complete->Running",
			current:  appsv1.DeploymentStatusComplete,
			next:     appsv1.DeploymentStatusRunning,
			expected: false,
		},
		{
			name:     "Complete->Failed",
			current:  appsv1.DeploymentStatusComplete,
			next:     appsv1.DeploymentStatusFailed,
			expected: false,
		},
		{
			name:     "Complete->Complete",
			current:  appsv1.DeploymentStatusComplete,
			next:     appsv1.DeploymentStatusComplete,
			expected: false,
		},
		{
			name:     "Failed->New",
			current:  appsv1.DeploymentStatusFailed,
			next:     appsv1.DeploymentStatusNew,
			expected: false,
		},
		{
			name:     "Failed->Pending",
			current:  appsv1.DeploymentStatusFailed,
			next:     appsv1.DeploymentStatusPending,
			expected: false,
		},
		{
			name:     "Failed->Running",
			current:  appsv1.DeploymentStatusFailed,
			next:     appsv1.DeploymentStatusRunning,
			expected: false,
		},
		{
			name:     "Failed->Complete",
			current:  appsv1.DeploymentStatusFailed,
			next:     appsv1.DeploymentStatusComplete,
			expected: false,
		},
		{
			name:     "Failed->Failed",
			current:  appsv1.DeploymentStatusFailed,
			next:     appsv1.DeploymentStatusFailed,
			expected: false,
		},
	}

	for _, test := range tests {
		got := CanTransitionPhase(test.current, test.next)
		if got != test.expected {
			t.Errorf("%s: expected %t, got %t", test.name, test.expected, got)
		}
	}
}

var (
	now     = metav1.Now()
	later   = metav1.Time{Time: now.Add(time.Minute)}
	earlier = metav1.Time{Time: now.Add(-time.Minute)}

	condProgressing = func() appsv1.DeploymentCondition {
		return appsv1.DeploymentCondition{
			Type:               appsv1.DeploymentProgressing,
			Status:             corev1.ConditionTrue,
			LastTransitionTime: now,
		}
	}

	condProgressingDifferentTime = func() appsv1.DeploymentCondition {
		return appsv1.DeploymentCondition{
			Type:               appsv1.DeploymentProgressing,
			Status:             corev1.ConditionTrue,
			LastTransitionTime: later,
		}
	}

	condProgressingDifferentReason = func() appsv1.DeploymentCondition {
		return appsv1.DeploymentCondition{
			Type:               appsv1.DeploymentProgressing,
			Status:             corev1.ConditionTrue,
			LastTransitionTime: later,
			Reason:             NewReplicationControllerReason,
		}
	}

	condNotProgressing = func() appsv1.DeploymentCondition {
		return appsv1.DeploymentCondition{
			Type:               appsv1.DeploymentProgressing,
			Status:             corev1.ConditionFalse,
			LastUpdateTime:     earlier,
			LastTransitionTime: earlier,
		}
	}

	condAvailable = func() appsv1.DeploymentCondition {
		return appsv1.DeploymentCondition{
			Type:   appsv1.DeploymentAvailable,
			Status: corev1.ConditionTrue,
		}
	}
)

func TestGetCondition(t *testing.T) {
	exampleStatus := func() appsv1.DeploymentConfigStatus {
		return appsv1.DeploymentConfigStatus{
			Conditions: []appsv1.DeploymentCondition{condProgressing(), condAvailable()},
		}
	}

	tests := []struct {
		name string

		status     appsv1.DeploymentConfigStatus
		condType   appsv1.DeploymentConditionType
		condStatus corev1.ConditionStatus

		expected bool
	}{
		{
			name: "condition exists",

			status:   exampleStatus(),
			condType: appsv1.DeploymentAvailable,

			expected: true,
		},
		{
			name: "condition does not exist",

			status:   exampleStatus(),
			condType: appsv1.DeploymentReplicaFailure,

			expected: false,
		},
	}

	for _, test := range tests {
		cond := GetDeploymentCondition(test.status, test.condType)
		exists := cond != nil
		if exists != test.expected {
			t.Errorf("%s: expected condition to exist: %t, got: %t", test.name, test.expected, exists)
		}
	}
}

func TestSetCondition(t *testing.T) {
	tests := []struct {
		name string

		status *appsv1.DeploymentConfigStatus
		cond   appsv1.DeploymentCondition

		expectedStatus *appsv1.DeploymentConfigStatus
	}{
		{
			name: "set for the first time",

			status: &appsv1.DeploymentConfigStatus{},
			cond:   condAvailable(),

			expectedStatus: &appsv1.DeploymentConfigStatus{
				Conditions: []appsv1.DeploymentCondition{
					condAvailable(),
				},
			},
		},
		{
			name: "simple set",

			status: &appsv1.DeploymentConfigStatus{
				Conditions: []appsv1.DeploymentCondition{
					condProgressing(),
				},
			},
			cond: condAvailable(),

			expectedStatus: &appsv1.DeploymentConfigStatus{
				Conditions: []appsv1.DeploymentCondition{
					condProgressing(), condAvailable(),
				},
			},
		},
		{
			name: "replace if status changes",

			status: &appsv1.DeploymentConfigStatus{
				Conditions: []appsv1.DeploymentCondition{
					condNotProgressing(),
				},
			},
			cond: condProgressing(),

			expectedStatus: &appsv1.DeploymentConfigStatus{Conditions: []appsv1.DeploymentCondition{condProgressing()}},
		},
		{
			name: "replace if reason changes",

			status: &appsv1.DeploymentConfigStatus{
				Conditions: []appsv1.DeploymentCondition{
					condProgressing(),
				},
			},
			cond: condProgressingDifferentReason(),

			expectedStatus: &appsv1.DeploymentConfigStatus{
				Conditions: []appsv1.DeploymentCondition{
					{
						Type:   appsv1.DeploymentProgressing,
						Status: corev1.ConditionTrue,
						// Note that LastTransitionTime stays the same.
						LastTransitionTime: now,
						// Only the reason changes.
						Reason: NewReplicationControllerReason,
					},
				},
			},
		},
		{
			name: "don't replace if status and reason don't change",

			status: &appsv1.DeploymentConfigStatus{
				Conditions: []appsv1.DeploymentCondition{
					condProgressing(),
				},
			},
			cond: condProgressingDifferentTime(),

			expectedStatus: &appsv1.DeploymentConfigStatus{Conditions: []appsv1.DeploymentCondition{condProgressing()}},
		},
	}

	for _, test := range tests {
		t.Logf("running test %q", test.name)
		SetDeploymentCondition(test.status, test.cond)
		if !reflect.DeepEqual(test.status, test.expectedStatus) {
			t.Errorf("expected status: %v, got: %v", test.expectedStatus, test.status)
		}
	}
}

func TestRemoveCondition(t *testing.T) {
	exampleStatus := func() *appsv1.DeploymentConfigStatus {
		return &appsv1.DeploymentConfigStatus{
			Conditions: []appsv1.DeploymentCondition{condProgressing(), condAvailable()},
		}
	}

	tests := []struct {
		name string

		status   *appsv1.DeploymentConfigStatus
		condType appsv1.DeploymentConditionType

		expectedStatus *appsv1.DeploymentConfigStatus
	}{
		{
			name: "remove from empty status",

			status:   &appsv1.DeploymentConfigStatus{},
			condType: appsv1.DeploymentProgressing,

			expectedStatus: &appsv1.DeploymentConfigStatus{},
		},
		{
			name: "simple remove",

			status:   &appsv1.DeploymentConfigStatus{Conditions: []appsv1.DeploymentCondition{condProgressing()}},
			condType: appsv1.DeploymentProgressing,

			expectedStatus: &appsv1.DeploymentConfigStatus{},
		},
		{
			name: "doesn't remove anything",

			status:   exampleStatus(),
			condType: appsv1.DeploymentReplicaFailure,

			expectedStatus: exampleStatus(),
		},
	}

	for _, test := range tests {
		RemoveDeploymentCondition(test.status, test.condType)
		if !reflect.DeepEqual(test.status, test.expectedStatus) {
			t.Errorf("%s: expected status: %v, got: %v", test.name, test.expectedStatus, test.status)
		}
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Converting Object to JSON and JSON to Object in PHP, (library like Gson for Java) I am developing a web application in PHP,
I need to transfer many objects from server as JSON string, is there any library existing for PHP to convert object to JSON and JSON String to Objec, like Gson library for Java.

A: json_decode($json, true);
// the second param being true will return associative array. This one is easy.

A: for more extendability for large scale apps use oop style with encapsulated fields.
Simple way :-
  class Fruit implements JsonSerializable {

        private $type = 'Apple', $lastEaten = null;

        public function __construct() {
            $this->lastEaten = new DateTime();
        }

        public function jsonSerialize() {
            return [
                'category' => $this->type,
                'EatenTime' => $this->lastEaten->format(DateTime::ISO8601)
            ];
        }
    }

echo json_encode(new Fruit()); //which outputs:
{"category":"Apple","EatenTime":"2013-01-31T11:17:07-0500"}

Real Gson on PHP :-

*

*http://jmsyst.com/libs/serializer

*http://symfony.com/doc/current/components/serializer.html

*http://framework.zend.com/manual/current/en/modules/zend.serializer.html

*http://fractal.thephpleague.com/ - serialize only

A: PHP8-Code:
class foo{
    function __construct(
        public $bar,
        protected $bat,
        private $baz,
    ){}

    function getBar(){return $this->bar;}
    function getBat(){return $this->bat;}
    function getBaz(){return $this->baz;}
}

//Create Object
$foo = new foo(bar:"bar", bat:"bat", baz:"baz");

//Object => JSON
$fooJSON = json_encode(serialize($foo));
print_r($fooJSON);
// "O:3:\"foo\":3:{s:3:\"bar\";s:3:\"bar\";s:6:\"\u0000*\u0000bat\";s:3:\"bat\";s:8:\"\u0000foo\u0000baz\";s:3:\"baz\";}"

// Important. In order to be able to unserialize() an object, the class of that object needs to be defined.
#   More information here: https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.serialization.php
//JSON => Object
$fooObject = unserialize(json_decode($fooJSON));
print_r($fooObject);
//(
#    [bar] => bar
#    [bat:protected] => bat
#    [baz:foo:private] => baz
# )

//To use some functions or Properties of $fooObject
echo $fooObject->bar;
// bar

echo $fooObject->getBat();
// bat

echo $fooObject->getBaz();
// baz

A: This should do the trick!
// convert object => json
$json = json_encode($myObject);

// convert json => object
$obj = json_decode($json);

Here's an example
$foo = new StdClass();
$foo->hello = "world";
$foo->bar = "baz";

$json = json_encode($foo);
echo $json;
//=> {"hello":"world","bar":"baz"}

print_r(json_decode($json));
// stdClass Object
// (
//   [hello] => world
//   [bar] => baz
// )

If you want the output as an Array instead of an Object, pass true to json_decode
print_r(json_decode($json, true));
// Array
// (
//   [hello] => world
//   [bar] => baz
// )

More about json_encode()
See also: json_decode()

A: I made a method to solve this.
My approach is:
1 - Create a abstract class that have a method to convert Objects to Array (including private attr) using Regex.
2 - Convert the returned array to json.
I use this Abstract class as parent of all my domain classes
Class code:
namespace Project\core;

abstract class AbstractEntity {
    public function getAvoidedFields() {
        return array ();
    }
    public function toArray() {
        $temp = ( array ) $this;

        $array = array ();

        foreach ( $temp as $k => $v ) {
            $k = preg_match ( '/^\x00(?:.*?)\x00(.+)/', $k, $matches ) ? $matches [1] : $k;
            if (in_array ( $k, $this->getAvoidedFields () )) {
                $array [$k] = "";
            } else {

                // if it is an object recursive call
                if (is_object ( $v ) && $v instanceof AbstractEntity) {
                    $array [$k] = $v->toArray();
                }
                // if its an array pass por each item
                if (is_array ( $v )) {

                    foreach ( $v as $key => $value ) {
                        if (is_object ( $value ) && $value instanceof AbstractEntity) {
                            $arrayReturn [$key] = $value->toArray();
                        } else {
                            $arrayReturn [$key] = $value;
                        }
                    }
                    $array [$k] = $arrayReturn;
                }
                // if it is not a array and a object return it
                if (! is_object ( $v ) && !is_array ( $v )) {
                    $array [$k] = $v;
                }
            }
        }

        return $array;
    }
}


Ravicz ME, Melcher JR, Kiang NY. Acoustic noise during functional magnetic resonance imaging. J Acoust Soc Am. 2000 Oct; 108(4):1683-96. PMID: 11051496; PMCID: PMC2270941.
Guimaraes AR, Melcher JR, Talavage TM, Baker JR, Ledden P, Rosen BR, Kiang NY, Fullerton BC, Weisskoff RM. Imaging subcortical auditory activity in humans. Hum Brain Mapp. 1998; 6(1):33-41. PMID: 9673661; PMCID: PMC1866611.
Melcher JR, Guinan JJ, Knudson IM, Kiang NY. Generators of the brainstem auditory evoked potential in cat. II. Correlating lesion sites with waveform changes. Hear Res. 1996 Apr; 93(1-2):28-51. PMID: 8735067.
Melcher JR, Knudson IM, Fullerton BC, Guinan JJ, Norris BE, Kiang NY. Generators of the brainstem auditory evoked potential in cat. I. An experimental approach to their identification. Hear Res. 1996 Apr; 93(1-2):1-27. PMID: 8735066.
Melcher JR, Kiang NY. Generators of the brainstem auditory evoked potential in cat. III: Identified cell populations. Hear Res. 1996 Apr; 93(1-2):52-71. PMID: 8735068.
Levine RA, Gardner JC, Fullerton BC, Stufflebeam SM, Carlisle EW, Furst M, Rosen BR, Kiang NY. Effects of multiple sclerosis brainstem lesions on sound lateralization and brainstem auditory evoked potentials. Hear Res. 1993 Jun; 68(1):73-88. PMID: 8376217.
Levine RA, Gardner JC, Stufflebeam SM, Fullerton BC, Carlisle EW, Furst M, Rosen BR, Kiang NY. Binaural auditory processing in multiple sclerosis subjects. Hear Res. 1993 Jun; 68(1):59-72. PMID: 8376216.
Ryugo DK, Dodds LW, Benson TE, Kiang NY. Unmyelinated axons of the auditory nerve in cats. J Comp Neurol. 1991 Jun 08; 308(2):209-23. PMID: 1716268.
Fullerton BC, Kiang NY. The effect of brainstem lesions on brainstem auditory evoked potentials in the cat. Hear Res. 1990 Nov; 49(1-3):363-90. PMID: 2292507.
Brown MC, Berglund AM, Kiang NY, Ryugo DK. Central trajectories of type II spiral ganglion neurons. J Comp Neurol. 1988 Dec 22; 278(4):581-90. PMID: 3230171.
Kiang NY, Liberman MC, Sewell WF, Guinan JJ. Single unit clues to cochlear mechanisms. Hear Res. 1986; 22:171-82. PMID: 3733538.
Joseph MP, Guinan JJ, Fullerton BC, Norris BE, Kiang NY. Number and distribution of stapedius motoneurons in cats. J Comp Neurol. 1985 Feb 01; 232(1):43-54. PMID: 3973082.
Liberman MC, Kiang NY. Single-neuron labeling and chronic cochlear pathology. IV. Stereocilia damage and alterations in rate- and phase-level functions. Hear Res. 1984 Oct; 16(1):75-90. PMID: 6511674.
Pettigrew AM, Liberman MC, Kiang NY. Click-evoked gross potentials and single-unit thresholds in acoustically traumatized cats. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Suppl. 1984 Jul-Aug; 112:83-96. PMID: 6431888.
Kiang NY, Keithley EM, Liberman MC. The impact of auditory nerve experiments on cochlear implant design. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1983; 405:114-21. PMID: 6575637.
Kiang NY, Rho JM, Northrop CC, Liberman MC, Ryugo DK. Hair-cell innervation by spiral ganglion cells in adult cats. Science. 1982 Jul 09; 217(4555):175-7. PMID: 7089553.
Liberman MC, Kiang NY. Acoustic trauma in cats. Cochlear pathology and auditory-nerve activity. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 1978; 358:1-63. PMID: 281107.
Kiang NY, Liberman MC, Levine RA. Auditory-nerve activity in cats exposed to ototoxic drugs and high-intensity sounds. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1976 Nov-Dec; 85(6 PT. 1):752-68. PMID: 999140.


I adore nature and when i created this cute little ring from a tiny branch/twig it came out beautifully. I have cast it in Sterling Silver White Bronze in a size 6. It is great to wear on its own or as a stacking ring.


4k00:35Animated Christmas card with character Santa Claus and holiday gifts. Version of the cartoon film in English. Merry Christmas!
4k00:10Easter text, animated footage in 4K. Close up text and rabbit on green background. Luxury and elegant dynamic style holiday template.
hd00:08Animation greeting video card Happy Valentine's Day. Animation of the mailbox, letter envelope and hearts. Suitable for web, email, congratulations.
4k00:10Pixel Art Style Unicorns and Rainbows Animated Retro Background 4K Clip.
hd00:25Animated greeting card with little bears. Frame Rate 30. Full HD.
hd00:20Happy New Year 2019 Video Animation with dynamic particles with alpha clip. For designing animated greeting cards and banners.
hd00:06Animated looped Northern knitted ornament for sweeter with deer running over the spruce forest, national patterns and falling snow.
4k00:07Happy Thanksgiving. Animated Card with falling autumn leaves.
4k00:10Happy New Year 2019 Video Animation with bouncy dynamic balls. New year numbers of 2019 with glossy metallic texture. For designing animated greeting cards and banners.
hd00:24Abstract New Year Christmas tree animation - color background. Christmas trees rotating and falling - seamless loop.
4k00:08Cute dancing bunny rabbit and bouncing eggs. Happy holiday Easter greeting card animation. Seamless looping motion background.
4k00:202019 numbers from shining gold particles formed on a holiday animated Happy new year black background.
hd00:10Flat style animated concept icons set of e-commerce, mobile online shopping, internet purchase, online sales, pay per click and digital marketing.
4k00:054K Animated Valentine's Day greetinh card with white hand-lettering on bright pink background. Kinetic typography design for emails, banners or greeting cards. Fancy cartoon holiday video clip.
4k00:10Rotating heart, seamless loop. 4K UHD Full HD animated video of isolated red 3d heart model rotating on the green screen. Rotation on a transparent background, ready to use for any footage.
hd00:20decorative 3d snowflakes fly in air at night on a green background. Use as animated Christmas, New Year card or winter environment with large snowflakes, lens flare, bokeh. Snowflake V4.
hd00:28Funny Snowman in Santa Claus Cap Waving and Smiling. Beautiful 3d Cartoon Animation with Green Screen. Animated Greeting Card. Merry Christmas and Happy New Year Concept. Full HD 1920x1080.
hd00:10Funny Snowman Walking in Winter Forest Holding a Present Box Smiling. Beautiful Looped 3d Cartoon Animation. Animated Greeting Card. Merry Christmas and Happy New Year Concept. Full HD 1920x1080.
4k00:20Circle background with motion of abstract colorful circular shapes on a white background, seamless loop with multicolored dots. Flat style 2D cartoon animation in 4K, Ultra HD format.
hd00:07Gift Card. Flat design animated concept.
hd00:26Funny Snowman High-Hat Going on Stage Waving and Smiling in Winter Forest. Beautiful Looped 3d Cartoon Animation. Animated Greeting Card. Merry Christmas and Happy New Year Concept. Full HD 1920x1080.
4k00:29Abstract animated background with waves and glare on the surface of an amorphous liquid. Multicolored 3D-film with different gradients. A brilliant surface with a rainbow reflection.


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Finland is home to some of the world's best known brands and fastest-growing businesses. Our team of 65 lawyers work with some of the country's most innovative companies and can help you grow – locally or globally.
Our focus on businesses being changed by technology and the digital world makes us a good fit for Finland's tech-rich market.
Whether you're looking to protect your IP, expand your business, or need advice from employment law specialists, we draw on the right expertise at the right level to provide you with a seamless service.
Working in step with colleagues across Denmark and Sweden, no other international law firm is truly integrated and as well placed to advise you across the Nordic region.
From our base in Helsinki, we combine a firmly established full-service practice with first class cross-border capabilities and global reach throughout 30 international offices.
Intellectual property in a post-pandemic future part I – The world has become more IP-intensive
In terms of IP rights, one of the clearest surprises of the coronavirus era has been the fact that trademarks and patents have been applied for extremely actively, despite the uncertainties created by the pandemic. ...
Changes to employees' non-competition restrictions from 1 January 2022
Amendments to the Finnish Employment Contracts Act have been ratified. The amendment introduces an obligation to pay specific compensation and certain other terms to employees' post-employment non-competition ...
Recovery of Unlawful State aid in Asset deals: why is it a challenging risk for purchasers?
Sometimes recovery of unlawful State aid may require the recovery to be extended to an undertaking to which the original beneficiary has transferred or sold part of its assets.
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Bird & Bird advises the major shareholders of ad-tech company Ad-Lib.io on its recent acquisition by Smartly.io
Bird & Bird has advised the major shareholders of Ad-Lib.io on its acquisition by ad-tech company Smartly.io for approximately USD$100 million. Headquartered in London but with offices around the world, Ad-Lib.io offers ...
Bird & Bird advised Administer in its IPO and listing on First North Finland
Bird & Bird acted as a legal counsel for Administer, one of the Finland's largest providers of financial administration services, in connection with its oversubscribed EUR 14 million initial public offering and listing ...
Bird & Bird advised a fund controlled by Sponsor Capital on the acquisition of circular economy company Finncont
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How Moises Arias Gets Intimate Pics Of Celebs Like Kendall and Kylie
Jan 27, 2017 @ 7:00 pm By Maddie Cordoba
Apart from his mysterious, mostly black and white IG "490tx", you'd probably recognize Moises Arias, the 22 year old actor and photographer, as the infamous Rico Suarez from "Hannah Montana."
His photographs include the faces of Sofia Richie, Jaden Smith, and the Jenner sisters. We interviewed Moises to figure out how he's able to get up close and personal with our favorite celebs. Read on and peep his exclusive selfies for Galore.
READ ALSO:Â Kylie Is Making Lacy Bra Underboob a Thing
When did you get into photography?
I remember one time I was working on a film when I was about thirteen. I became friends with the still photographer, who inspired me to get my first digital camera, an SLR. [My brother] Mateo and I had been making videos using the Macbook cameras, but at thirteen, a real camera…It changed the game.
Who has been your favorite person to shoot thus far and why?
Mateo. Although I don't release too much Téo, his evolution has been documented and also, he is so beautiful. Both physically and creatively.
Is it easier to shoot friends or strangers, and why?
Both are difficult, because the idea with a prime lens [a lens that doesn't zoom] is to get close to the act. To capture unconscious moments is the goal.
What do you do when you want to take a picture of someone you don't know?
It depends on everything. If comical and wide, or up-close and emotional, satirical or documentary. I think communication is key. Maybe a "hello," "what's good," a hand gesture?
READ ALSO:Â This British Reality Star Hired a Photog To Follow Her & Bae on Vacay
What are you currently working on? Any cool projects coming up in the future?
I got back from Colombia in October where I was shooting a terrifying film titled "Monos." It involves young kids in illegal armed forces and was one of the most amazing experiences of my life. Thanks to that project I also captured some incredible images, some which I've shown, most which I've kept to myself. I'm also hyped that Jean-Claude Van Johnson is about to start shooting (both film and bullets) and cannot wait to know more about the series.
What kind of people inspire you?
Natural people.
Why black and white photography?
I've noticed that color distracts my eye. It's also a lot of work, to freestyle color images the way I do. Black and white is doomed to be less impactful, iconic. Instead of taking on colors and tones I have seemed to focus on seeing lights and darks, and the feeling that an image can give you. Plus life is in color, getting film back from a completely different way of looking at life– it's kind of mysterious.
What are some songs on your playlist right now?
There's so much music, I was just discussing with friends how we are listening to more music than ever in human history, and I believe it. I have listened to my favorite artists too much: Thug, Roy Woods, Drizzy, Rocky, Biggie, Bobby, Fabrizio de André, Ozuna. Recently I started listening to Apple's radio playlists. I like what OTHERtone plays and its guests. The shows introduce me to original tunes. Plus, I only get to listen to Harry Hudson, JADEN, Téo, Tyler Cole, and Willow occasionally, I think that's a void that needs to be filled. And is about to be.
READ ALSO:Â Tyler Cole Says Everyone Is Kind of a Fuckboy
Self portraits by Moises Arias
Gimme More Editorial
ROBI is Giving Audiences Something to Talk About
Jan 18, 2023 @ 10:00 am By Shirley Reynozo
At just 21 years old, Roberto Baez Moraza, artistically known as ROBI, is definitely giving audiences something to talk about, and continues setting his pace in music with the support of his international label, Interscope Records. From becoming a social media sensation, Puerto Rican artist ROBI kicked his career into high gear thanks to passion for music he acquired as a child. His gift as a singer-songwriter and his ability as a producer and musician to fuse together rhythms, such as rock, dancehall, reggaeton and pop, have helped ROBI become one of the leading ambassadors of Latin music of a new generation, while presenting a unique and versatile musical style all his own.
Born in Carolina, Puerto Rico, ROBI has always had two passions: sports and music. From the age of 6, he began to study music and at the age of 7, he began playing little league baseball. However, at the age of 15, he moved to Tampa, FL, leaving his passion for sports behind to pursue his passion for producing music. In the midst of discovering music, he simultaneously acquired a degree in Graphic Design. ROBI would later attend the prestigious arts and music school in Puerto Rico, Escuela Libre de Música de Puerto Rico, where he not only fine tuned his ability to write but would learn to play multiple instruments, such as the piano, guitar, xylophone and conga, among other percussion-based instruments.
ROBI exploded into the Latin music scene via social media when he posted his verse of the track "Pantysito", alongside his friend and colleague Alejo. In 24 hours his career took an unexpected turn: he was discovered through Tik Tok by Colombian artist Feid, who offered to record the track with ROBI and Alejo. The single became an instant viral hit on Tik Tok, creating trends in 17 countries, and would generate over 220 million combined streams and views, leading digital charts in Colombia and Spain, and would enter Spotify's Top 50 global chart.
Without a doubt, ROBI is quickly consolidating himself as one of the rising powers in Latin music today of a new generation, and people are taking notice. We can't get enough of his creative genius and his upbeat sounds that demonstrate how fun he is. His latest single "Tu Mundo" is like an escape from the mundane into the rich pleasure of love and fiction. When asked about the song ROBI shared "It's a perfect mixture of music I like to listen to, it has Rock, which represents the energy of my aura and music; Pop is in my sound because it's the music that I grew up with, but it also has a bit of an urban flare because it's a sound I cannot deny having in my blood because I'm from Puerto Rico and I also sing Reggaeton. If you do a frappe of everything sound and style that I mentioned before, you'd get ROBI's musical essence and sound." ROBI has shown to have a special gift and his music has become his best vehicle to conquering a mass audience, that's quickly taking notice.
FEATURE INTERVIEW
For those of us that don't know you, can you tell us a little bit about yourself?
"Well, hello everyone at Galore Magazine! My name's Roberto Moraza, I'm 21 years old and I'm from Puerto Rico. My love for music began at a very young age, and I began percussion classes when I was 6 years old. Those lead me to study in Puerto Rico's most important music and liberal arts school, La Escuela Libre de Musica. Here is where my love for music and singing really started. "
How has being from Puerto Rico informed your sound?
"I think that being from Puerto Rico is what actually help me put a stamp on my sound and music. I always say that my music is inspired by music I liked to listen to when I was growing up. Inspired by the 2000's Rock and Pop ballads, I feel like my music already has an general market appeal and sound, but what makes it special is that I can't deny that the way I speak and the words and slang I use in my music is influencer by Puerto Rico. For me, my sound is the perfect mix of two things – – the roots of where I'm from and the places that I want to go with my music."
You have a gift of being a singer-songwriter, and as a producer and musician you fuse together rhythms, such as rock, dancehall, reggaeton and pop. Apart from synthesizing these different genres, how do you feel you set yourself apart from other artists?
"For me, besides the versatility of my music, and the way that I can jump on any track and still sound like ROBI, I think what makes me special or different is that I'm not scared to try new things and sounds that can appeal to a Latin audience. With the massive growth of social media in the past few years, I feel that people are actually craving for new music and different sounds/genres everyday. So, every time I get in the studio I try to remember that. I try to make music I'd like to listen to myself, putting my heart into lyrics and working to make something different that appeals to everyone."
What is your song writing process?
"I feel that my writing process depends a lot on my mood that day. I like writing in recording studios a lot, but for me, nothing will ever compete with writing songs in my own bedroom, alone. When I'm alone, I truly connect with every single emotion I have. I always try to write in a way that connects entirely with the music/sound and with what I'm feeling. I always choose the beat first, but with a specific topic in mind, so it's all connected to the vibe that I want for the song. I would say I am very metaphoric when it comes to my lyrics, I am always looking for something to compare with when I write about something. For example, in my new single, "Tu Mundo" (i.e. Your World), the metaphor behind is this woman that I can't stop thinking about, comparing the feeling to being on a planet that I can't get out of. The planet, represents her and I'm stuck in her planet because she'd driving me crazy."
What are some of your favorite effects to add to your voice (i.e. reverb, distortion, delay)?
"I used to record myself when I first started doing music, and even to this day I do it sometimes. I recorded my verse for my song with Feid, 'Pantysito', so I'm always very curious about what I can do when I record, trying out different effects on my voice. My favorite ones, and the ones that I use the most, are reverb, distortion, vocoder and a pitch modifier to lower the tone of my voice. I would say those are my favorite."
What are three songs or projects you're currently listening to that you can't stop playing?
"Three songs that I'm currently listening to, which I can't get out of my head, are 'Nobody Gets Me' by SZA, 'Dejau' by Rauw Alejandro and 'Online ;(' by Sebastian Yatra and Alvaro Diaz."
If you could collaborate on a track with one of your favorite artists, who would it be?
"If I could collaborate on a track with one of my favorite artists, I think it would definitely be either Bruno Mars, Justin Bieber, Bad Bunny or Luis Fonsi."
What's one city you haven't performed in that you look forward to performing at in the future?
"I want to take my music to a lot of places. I'm really happy that I'm having the opportunity to already be taking my music, and I feel very blessed. I'd say I would love to go to Spain and Argentina, and I would like to do a European tour, including visits to France and London, among other places. "
If you could have your own festival, what would the name of the festival be, and who would be on the line up?
"If I could have my own festival, I think the name would be RRRUIDO. I really feel like that name represents what I want to do with my music, but also it sounds like a good name for a festival, I think it matched the energy. And the lineup, I've always liked performers so I would say (obviously) Bad Bunny, Rosalia, The Weeknd, I like Tyler the Creator and Frank Ocean a lot, and obviously would have to include Bruno Mars and Post Malone."
"Tu Mundo" marks a new beginning in your sound and essence. How is this different from your previous releases?
"'Tu Mundo' is a very special song for me because out of all the music that I have released, for me this really screans what ROBi's sound is. It's a perfect mixture of music I like to listen to, it has Rock, which represents the energy of my aura and music; Pop is in my sound because it's the music that I grew up with, but it also has a bit of an urban flare because it's a sound I cannot deny having in my blood because I'm from Puerto Rico and I also sing Reggaeton. If you do a frappe of everything sound and style that I mentioned before, you'd get ROBI's musical essence and sound."
Tell us a little about "Tu Mundo", what the message behind the song?
"' 'Tu Mundo' is a song inspired by the 80s and 90s rock, with the influences from The Police, Guns & Roses and other great bands from those beautiful Rock years. This being my third rock-pop record, and being a little bit closer to what I wanted to do with my music, it's a fun song to listen to. Basically, it tells about a metaphoric situation of a woman representing a planet that you cannot escape from because her way of loving you confuses you so much."
What do you have in store for 2023?
"This 2023, is a year to make a lot of RUIDO (i.e. NOISE). I'm currently working on my first EP project, which will include about 7 unreleased tracks, and I know that it's going to make a huge impact in my career, and also in Latin music. There's going to be a lot of ROBI to come this year."
TEAM CREDITS
Interviewed & Edited by: Shirley Reynozo @moyamusic_
Photo Credit: Interscope Records
About The Author: Shirley Reynozo
Copy the link in your browser to stream my 4-Language EP "Lost in Translation" https://onerpm.link/605271623489


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Lane Kiffin a polarizing consideration for fans, but don't expect him on Florida's short list
Ryan Young
We are tackling the best question supplied by Florida fans each day. If you'd like to submit a question, tweet to Ryan Young here. Look for our Florida Question of the Day every Monday through Friday. Gohere to see all of our previous answers.
Florida athletic director Scott Stricklin said at his news conference Sunday that he won't be addressing, confirming or denying or otherwise commenting on rumors and reports about various coaching candidates linked to Florida.
But that doesn't mean the rest of us can't weigh in on the popular names.
We've touted UCF coach Scott Frost pretty strongly in this spot earlier in the week, but another in-state head coach has drawn plenty of strong (and opposing) comments from fans as well.
That is the subject of the latest Gators Mailbag Question of the Day.
Ty R. asks … "Lane Kiffin has been liking Florida associated players (on social media) and posted a 'better things coming' photo. Any chance he's coming to Florida?"
Joe B. asks … "What about Kiffin?"
I just can't see Stricklin seriously considering first-year Florida Atlantic head coach Lane Kiffin at this point, after dismissing Jim McElwain in large part, as most deduce, for personality issues and PR debacles.
Kiffin is gold for fans and college football observers who like that he has fun on social media and pokes shots at his former boss, Alabama coach Nick Saban. For ADs deciding who to invest millions of dollars and the future of their program into, a penchant for viral tweets might be viewed differently, however.
While he didn't lay out a specific blueprint, it would seem that Stricklin would prioritize two things in this coaching search: a proven offensive coach who can fix the Gators' most glaring issue, and a steady face of the program who is not going to take public shots at the administration or facilities (as McElwain did), who is not going to create unexpected distractions for the program and who will project the image and message the administration wants from the head coach.
Kiffin boasts the first of those two qualities. He has Florida Atlantic a respectable 5-3 (including a loss to Wisconsin) with a team that ranks 17th nationally in total offense (482.4 yards per game) and 15th in scoring (39.5 points per game) — up from 72nd and 80th, respectably, last season before his arrival.
The former Alabama offensive coordinator and head coach at Tennessee and USC has a proven track record of producing fun offenses.
As for stability, that's not a quality one would assign to Kiffin, who also has a track record of unceremonious exits, either by his own doing (at Tennessee) or sudden dismissals from his employer (everywhere else). And while he might be the most entertaining Twitter follow of any FBS head coach right now, again, that's that the battleground the Gators are trying to conquer.
Expect Florida to choose a more typical face of the program who can bring the offense and keep the focus on the football program rather than himself.
Not to be mistaken here, Kiffin is good for college football. The sports needs personalities like his, and at some point he certainly deserves another shot at a Power 5 program.
For the complete package Florida is looking for, though, it's unlikely his next destination is Gainesville.
Read more answers about the Florida Gators here.
The post Lane Kiffin a polarizing consideration for fans, but don't expect him on Florida's short list appeared first on SEC Country.


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Tag blackwriters
Ottobah Cugoano
We have spoken about Ottobah being part of The Sons of Africa, however, we wanted to focus on his story and journey. He was an African abolitionist who sought justice in the latter half of the eighteenth century. Ghana Born…
Margaret Busby OBE
Margaret Busby is the UK's first Black female publisher. Born in Accra, Ghana in 1944, her father was called Dr George Busby and her mother Mrs Sarah Busby. Margaret was educated in Bexhill, Sussex and graduated at age 15, then…
Amanda Ira Aldridge
Singer and Composer – 1866-1956 Amanda Ira Aldrige was born in Upper Norwood,1866 Her father was Ira Aldridge, a successful African American actor in the Victorian era. Ira Aldridge Ira was originally from America and moved to the UK for…
July 24th, 1802 – December 5th, 1870 This is a storytime about Alexandre Dumas, the author of The Three Musketeers. I was first introduced to Alexandre Dumas through Joseph Bologne. Bologne was the inspiration for the character Aramis in The…


The film "RBG" (2018) will be featured at noon in the free "Big Screen Thursdays'' film series at the Bernards Township Library, 32 South Maple Ave., Basking Ridge. The series features recent releases. Adults are welcome to attend one or all of the series, and may bring lunch or a snack. Sponsored by The Friends of BTL. No sign-up required. For more information, call the library at (908) 204-3031.
"Women in the Arts,'' an exhibition of work by notable women artists in honor of Women's History Month, is being presented at the Farmstead Arts Center, 450 King George Road, Basking Ridge. Gallery hours are from 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. Mondays to Wednesdays, and 1 to 4 p.m. Saturdays and Sundays, excluding March 31. Admission is free. For more information, visit farmsteadartscenter.org.
The 18th annual Lunch with the Authors, sponsored by the Junior League of Morristown, will be held from 11 a.m. to 3 p.m., at the Hamilton Farm Golf Club, 1040 Pottersville Road, Gladstone. Kathleen Barber, whose first novel "Are you Sleeping" is being adapted for television by Reese Witherspoon and starring Octavia Spencer, Martha Hall Kelly, the New York Times bestselling author of "Lilac Girls," and Wendy Walker, whose novels include "Emma in the Night," "Four Wives," "Social Lives" and "All is Not Forgotten," are the featured authors.There will be book sales and signings as well as other fund-raising events. Lunch will be served at 11:45 a.m. followed by the authors' remarks at 1 p.m. RSVP by Saturday, April 27, or visit www.jlmnj.org to purchase tickets online. For more information, contact lwta@jlmnj.org.
A Designer Handbag Bingo fund-raiser will be held by The Bonafides of Somerset Hills at St. James Roman Catholic Church Chapel Hall, 184 South Finley Ave., Basking Ridge. Doors open at 6 p.m. and the games start at 7 p.m. Pre-registration is $25 per person for a non-refundable admission ticket including 10 games of bingo with a chance to win authentic designer purses by Kate Spade, Dooney & Bourke, Michael Kors and more. Checks payable to the Bonafides should be sent to Patty Purcell, 171 Potomac Drive, Basking Ridge, N.J., 07920. For more information call Patty Purcell at (908) 507-1215.


Born in Durban, Maqhubela moved with his family to Johannesburg in 1951. In 1957, while still at school at Nakene High School in Orlando, Soweto, Maqhubela, encouraged by Ephraim Ngatane (qv.), enrolled for art classes at the Polly Street Art Centre, where he studied under Cecil Skotnes (qv.) and Sydney Kumalo (qv.), later also studying at Polly Street's successor, the Jubilee Art Centre well into the 1960s. At this time, Kumalo stamped himself as the major influence in the development of Maqhubela's early style. Maqhubela is also recorded as having received some practical guidance from the Italian-born South African artist, Guiseppe Cattaneo (b.1929).
The year in which Maqhubela matriculated, 1959, was also the year that the apartheid government definitively closed 'white' universities to black students, and rather than studying architecture or fine art, as he had hoped, the young Maqhubela – by all accounts of a studious and intellectual cast of mind – was forced to get a job, working as a decorative plasterer and later mosaicist in the housing Section of the Non-European Affairs Department. In this capacity he created embellishments mainly for schools in Soweto, but also in other government buildings like Baragwanath Hospital in Soweto, where he executed a series of accomplished and charming mosaics on mainly animal themes in the Children's Cerebral Palsy Ward, as well as other public venues like the Oppenheimer Towers in White City Jabavu in Soweto and the Mofolo Community Centre.
Until the mid 1960s Maqhubela's work, notwithstanding its occasionally registered elements of international trends of the time, fitted fairly snugly into the formulae and subject matter of black South African 'township' art. That was all to change with a three-month tour of Europe in 1966. During this time he met with the already-emigrated Gerard Sekoto (qv.), but more importantly in terms of his own artistic evolution, was exposed to the art of modernists like Paul Klee in the flesh. On this trip Maqhubela also made contact and worked with the émigré South African artist, Douglas Portway (1922–1993), an encounter which definitively shifted Maqhubela's art away from primitivising expressionism towards an internationalising modernist abstraction – though still with an identifiably African cast in choices and harmonies of colour and qualities of line.
Maqhubela left South Africa for Spain in 1973, before settling in London in 1978, and furthering his studies at Goldsmiths College in 1984–5, and the Slade School of Art between 1985 and 1988. Still resident in London, Maqhubela runs a successful art practice via his own website, producing work that, while it manifests the philosophical quality of international modernism, nevertheless remembers in often barely definable ways, the country of his youth.
History will judge the final quality of Maqhubela's work in the South African tradition, but in the meantime the importance of the bridge that he created for township artists, away from prescriptive expressionism and into internationalist styles and concerns, can hardly be overestimated.
Born Durban, 1939. Training Studied part-time at the Polly Street and Jubilee Art Centres under Cecil Skotnes (qv.) and Sydney Kumalo (qv.). Exhibitions 1961: Artists of Fame and Promise, Lawrence Adler Galleries, Johannesburg. 1962: Artists of Fame and Promise, Adler Fielding Galleries, Johannesburg. 1963: Polly Street Artists, Lidchi Art Gallery, Cape Town. 1966: Artists of Fame and Promise, Adler Fielding Galleries, Johannesburg. 1967: Solo exhibition, Adler Fielding Galleries, Johannesburg; African Art, Piccadilly Gallery, London; Art SA Today, Durban Art Gallery. 1968: Solo Exhibition, Lidchi Art Gallery, Johannesburg. 1969: Contemporary African Art, Camden Arts Centre, London; Polly Street Artists, Helen de Leeuw Gallery, Johannesburg; Art SA Today, Durban Art Gallery. 1970: Solo exhibition, Gallery International, Cape Town; Joint exhibition with Sydney Kumalo and Geoffrey Armstrong, Lidchi Art Gallery, Johannesburg; Johannesburg Artists – Diamond Jubilee exhibition of the JAG, Johannesburg Art Gallery. 1974: Festival of SA Graphics and Multiples, Goodman Gallery, Johannesburg; Group exhibition, Gallery International, Cape Town. 1976: Group exhibition, Gallery International, Cape Town. 1981: Black Art Today, Jabulani Standard Bank, Soweto. 1983: Art and Artists of SA, University of the Witwatersrand Galleries, Johannesburg. 1986–7:Johannesburg Art and Artists: Selections from a Century, Johannesburg Art Gallery. 1987: Contemporary SA Prints and Drawings, Iziko South African National Gallery, Cape Town. Awards 1959: Rembrandt Company Schools Exhibition (prize) 1961: Artists of Fame and Promise (Second prize) 1969: Art SA Today (Cambridge Shirt Award) Collections Africana Museum, Johannesburg; Anglo-American Collection; Johannesburg Art Gallery Collection; Iziko South African National Gallery; Standard Bank Collection; University of the Witwatersrand Collection; MTN Art Collection.
Louis Maqhubela. Source. The Classic. Vol. 3. No. 2. 1969. Photograph facing page 28. Photographer: Peter Magubane.
The three works (plates 20, 21, 22) by Louis Maqhubela included here reflect something of his amazing trajectory as an artist over a period of some nine years between 1963 and 1972. Saturday morning (1963) is representative of what Esmé Berman has dubbed 'his immature township illustrations' which Maqhubela eschewed in favour of developing his skill and artistic programme in a disciplined manner.1 In short, he was never prepared to accept either the term or the status of a 'township' artist. While he could have made more immediate money by adapting himself to the 'conventionalised figurative expressionism' demanded by the growing market for 'township art', he opted to explore the rigours of hard study and above all the potential of drawing.
The leap in Maqhubela's growth as an artist was assisted by his winning entry in the Artists of Fame and Promise competition of 1966. This allowed him to travel and study abroad. Here he met expatriate figures such as Gerard Sekoto (qv.) and Douglas Portway. His encounter with Portway on one hand, and the work of Paul Klee (1879–1940) on the other, revolutionised his style, which adopted their playful, inventive linearity and soft, luminous forms, which is easily evident in Boy and horse (1970), produced in South Africa after his return. Untitled Abstract (1972) shows his total departure from figuration and his focus on richer colour and visionary effects. Maqhubela's artistic dialogue was by this stage no longer engaging with South African political and cultural issues. He left the country for Spain in 1973 and in 1978 finally settled in London where he studied formally at Goldsmiths' College and the Slade School. His contact with British art and artists has fostered further change and new directions in his work, as his recent exhibitions in London demonstrate.
Esmé Berman. 1983. Art and Artists of South Africa. A.A. Balkema. Cape Town and Rotterdam. p.270.


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Dallas firm to manage Texas-side alarm permits, fees
During a regular meeting Monday, the City Council voted to outsource the city's alarm permit program to a Dallas-based company. by Karl Richter Dec. 10 2019 @ 2:22am
TEXARKANA, Texas — During a regular meeting Monday, the City Council voted to outsource the city's alarm permit program to a Dallas-based company.
The council voted unanimously to award a contract to PMAM Corp. to handle alarm permitting and fee collection, which now is the responsibility of the Texarkana, Texas, Fire Department. All users of commercial and residential burglar and fire alarms will be affected.
The current process involves manual entry of payments into a spreadsheet and preparing "tons and tons" of mail to go out, TTFD Chief Eric Schlotter told the Council. PMAM's automated system allows registration and payments through the internet. City Manager Shirley Jaster said alarm users have been asking for a more convenient system that does not require them to come to City Hall to renew their permits each year.
PMAM also has relationships with many alarm companies, which may allow them to identify residents who are using alarms without permits, Schlotter said. That may increase revenue from alarm permits and fees.
The city charges $100 a year for a commercial fire alarm permit, $35 per residential burglar alarm permit and $75 per commercial burglar alarm permit. The city charges fees in differing amounts for false alarms, depending on how many occur at a site in a year.
PMAM will be paid with 20% of alarm permit and fee revenues. City staff anticipate that because of increased efficiency, those revenues will increase and so there may not be a significant change in the city's income.
In response to a question from Ward 6 Council Member Josh Davis, Schlotter said plenty of other work will remain to do, so staffing will not be affected.
"There will be no net loss in personnel," Schlotter said.
The Council also approved harvest and sale from 110 acres of timber on the grounds of Texarkana Regional Airport.
The Texarkana Airport Authority will thin timber on two tracts of airport land and clear-cut a third. Approximately $40,000 in proceeds from selling the timber would go into the Authority's general fund and be used for unbudgeted capital expenses this fiscal year. The Texarkana, Arkansas, Board of Directors approved a similar measure during its meeting Dec. 2.
The meeting adjourned at 6:30 p.m., a half-hour after starting. Mayor Bob Bruggeman worked efficiently through the light agenda and hurried to participate in the 35th annual Main Street Texarkana Christmas parade, which began at 7 p.m.
"I have a camel to catch," Bruggeman said, referring the animals that led the parade.
The meeting was the Council's last of 2019. It's next meeting is scheduled for Jan. 13, 2020.


My Will Be Done, Or God's Will Be Done?
The battle of the will is one that has spanned the ages. But no matter how many decades, centuries and millennia pass by, man is not content to honestly settle the issue of who knows best. Or who has supreme authority. This can extend into human authority that God has ordained as well.
Somehow, even after observing failure after catastrophic failure because of rebellion against God, men and women still feel confident that a smart enough person hasn't tried yet. They think—even though history consistently proves otherwise— that there are untried alternatives to the way God has ordained humanity to function.
The fact is, the more imaginative and supposedly intelligent man becomes, the less his plans seem to work. This is because imagination and innovation are not proper tools to evaluate the human condition. I believe God gave us creative power for other reasons. He gave us His word to apply to the human condition. It takes no imagination or creativity—only obedience as the Holy Spirit guides us through the word of God.
But imagination and innovation are applied to the human condition—now more than ever. And the more it doesn't work, the more people look for even more imaginative solutions. This leads us further from the balance God has created. It can become a never ending cycle. But God in his grace has put an end to such cycles with various methods throughout history, only to have them start all over again.
One could therefore conclude that we really are not the sharpest tools in God's shed. And yet somehow he loves us tremendously. We are fearfully and wonderfully made according to the Psalmist. Created in His image, given status above everything else on earth. Maybe this is why the enemy inspires us to behave as described above.
You see the man or woman who finally becomes wise and puts him or herself in a position of simple obedience and surrender, is a great threat to the enemy. He or She is also for the first time a real asset in the army of God. For the only real way to become an asset to God is to become a vessel of the Holy Spirit. And the only way that happens is by surrender and doing things His way.
So even though mankind at large remains corrupt, rebellious, and proud, we can individually choose differently, as God draws us. And as He draws us, let us put aside our own ways, and all our brilliance, to surrender to a God who knows best!


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Home / Uncategorized / Earth An Introduction to Physical Geology 11th Edition Test Bank
Earth An Introduction to Physical Geology 11th Edition Test Bank
Category: Uncategorized Tag: Earth An Introduction to Physical Geology 11th Edition Test Bank
Earth: An Introduction to Physical Geology, 11e (Tarbuck)
Chapter 1 An Introduction to Geology
1.1 Multiple-Choice Questions
1) Which one of the following is a natural disaster?
A) A hurricane forming in the Atlantic Ocean
B) A landslide striking San Francisco
C) A volcano erupting in the Aleutian Islands
D) An earthquake occurring in the Mojave Desert
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Global Sci Out: 5 & 7
Section: 1.1 – Geology: The Science of the Earth
Focus/Concepts: 1.1
Earth Science LO: 8.1 – Natural hazards result from natural Earth processes.
2) Which culture recorded the earliest writings about topics such as fossils, earthquakes, and gemstones?
A) Roman Empire
B) Renaissance Europe
C) Ancient China
D) Ancient Greece
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Global Sci Out: 7
Section: 1.2 – The Development of Geology
Earth Science LO: 7.2 – Geology affects the distribution and development of human populations.
3) Which of the following is not a geologic hazard?
A) Poor construction materials resulting in a cracked foundation
B) Volcanic eruptions sending lava flows toward a city
C) Deforestation on a floodplain increasing the severity of river floods
D) Climate change leading to sea level rise
4) The Principle of ________ states that the physical, chemical, and biological processes at work shaping the Earth today have also operated in the geologic past.
A) Catastrophism
B) Plate Tectonics
C) Creationism
D) Uniformitarianism
Earth Science LO: 1.5 – Earth scientists use their understanding of the past to forecast Earth's future.
5) What is the accepted age of the Earth?
A) 6,000 years
B) 1 million years
C) 4.6 million years
D) 4.6 billion years
Earth Science LO: 2.2 – Our Solar System formed from a vast cloud of gas and dust 4.6 billion years ago.
6) ________ was in important 18th century scientist who developed the idea of Uniformitarianism to explain the slow, steady changes responsible for shaping the Earth.
A) Charles Lyell
B) Isaac Newton
C) James Hutton
D) Charles Darwin
7) What percentage of the Earth is covered by oceans?
A) 50%
B) 17%
C) 80%
D) 71%
Section: 1.4 – Earth's Spheres
Earth Science LO: 5.1 – Water is found everywhere on Earth, from the heights of the atmosphere to the depths of the mantle.
8) Which of the following is not one of the jobs of the atmosphere?
A) Energy exchanges between the surface and outer space, creating weather and climate
B) Lessening the effects of weathering on the geosphere
C) Protection from ultraviolet radiation and the intensity of the Sun
D) Providing air for respiratory processes in the biosphere
Earth Science LO: 3.1 – The four major systems of Earth are the geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere.
9) Which of the four spheres of Earth is the most extensive?
A) Geosphere
B) Atmosphere
C) Hydrosphere
D) Biosphere
10) What is the date of formation of the universe?
A) 4.6 billion years ago
B) 10 billion years ago
C) 13.7 billion years ago
D) 8.7 billion years ago
Section: 1.6 – Early Evolution of Earth
11) Which of the following materials can be used to make interpretations about the nature and composition of the interior of the Earth?
A) Meteorites
B) Diamond-bearing pipes
C) Slivers of crustal and mantle rocks exposed at the surface
E) None of the above
Earth Science LO: 2.3 – Earth formed from the accumulation of dust and gas, and multiple collisions of smaller planetary bodies.
12) What is the definition of differentiation?
A) Separation of materials based on density
B) Categorization based on chemical formulas
C) Mixing of materials to produce a new compound
D) Divisions of planets based on constituent materials
Earth Science LO: 4.2 – Earth, like other planets, is still cooling, though radioactive decay continuously generates heat.
13) What is the age of the oldest rocks discovered on the planet?
A) 6,000 years old
B) 4.6 million years old
C) 4 billion years old
D) 4.6 billion years old
Earth Science LO: 2.4 – Earth's crust has two distinct types: continental and oceanic.
14) What property of the crust allowed it to form as the exterior of Earth?
A) Magma at the surface cooled and crystallized before anything in the interior
B) Materials that make up the crust are less dense and rose to the top
C) Churning and upheaval in the interior thrust crustal rocks toward the surface
D) Meteorites impacting Earth deposited this material at the surface
Section: 1.7 – Earth's Internal Structure
15) What provides us with the most information about the interior of the Earth?
A) Borehole data
B) Erupted materials
C) Satellite imagery
D) Seismic energy waves
Earth Science LO: 1.4 – Earth scientists must use indirect methods to examine and understand the structure, composition, and dynamics of Earth's interior.
16) A research team is studying the velocity of seismic waves in various types of rock. Using explosives, they create small explosions to study how fast the energy waves will travel. Using the data below, infer which rocks are higher in density and which are lower in density:
Rock A: 7 km/s
Rock B: 5.9 km/s
Rock C: 7.2 km/s
Rock D: 6.1 km/s
Rock E: 6.25 km/s
A) Rock C
B) Rocks B & D
C) Rocks B, D, & E
D) Rocks A & C
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis
17) If the temperature in the Earth generally increases with depth, how is it possible that the Inner Core is a solid?
A) Temperatures increase to a certain point before leveling off below the melting point of the core
B) The pressures in the core are immense and keep it in a solid state in spite of the temperature
C) The material the Inner Core is composed of cannot melt at temperatures generated on Earth
D) The Inner Core is shedding the heat so quickly that melting does not have time to occur
18) Which layer of the Earth is the thinnest?
A) Crust
B) Mantle
C) Outer Core
D) Inner Core
19) Which layer of the Earth is the thickest?
20) What is the definition of the asthenosphere?
A) A portion of the atmosphere that blocks UV radiation
B) A soft, low-velocity layer in the Upper Mantle
C) The transition zone between the Mantle and the Outer Core
D) The portion of the Hydrologic Cycle that describes how plants contribute their respiration
Earth Science LO: 4.4 – Earth's tectonic plates consist of the rock crust and uppermost mantle, and move slowly with respect to one another.
21) The ________ is a layer of liquid nickel and iron believed to be responsible for generating the Earth's magnetic field.
22) In what two areas are the youngest mountain ranges found today?
A) The Circum-Atlantic belt and Southern Europe/Asia
B) Western South America and the Appalachians of North America
C) The Circum-Pacific belt and Southern Europe/Asia
D) Scandinavia and Eastern Africa
Section: 1.9 – The Face of the Earth
Earth Science LO: 4.5 – Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.
23) A ________ is a part of the craton that is covered by a thin veneer of sedimentary rocks.
A) Shield
B) Continental Shelf
C) Platform
D) Plateau
1.2 True/False Questions
1) Historical geology describes geological processes that operate on the Earth.
Answer: FALSE
2) Geologic hazards are natural processes.
Answer: TRUE
3) Archbishop James Ussher used the Bible to construct a chronology to date the creation of the Earth to 46,000 B.C.
4) Before a hypothesis can become an accepted part of scientific knowledge, it must pass objective testing and analysis.
Section: 1.3 – The Nature of Scientific Inquiry
Earth Science LO: 1.3 – Earth science investigations take many different forms.
5) A hypothesis can never be changed or modified.
6) The majority of the hydrosphere is found in the atmosphere in the form of water vapor.
Earth Science LO: 5.5 – Earth's water cycles among the reservoirs of the atmosphere, streams, lakes, ocean, glaciers, groundwater, and deep interior of the planet.
7) The four spheres on Earth operate independently from each other.
8) Both energy and matter will flow in and out of an open system.
Section: 1.5 – Earth as a System
Earth Science LO: 3.2 – All Earth processes are the result of energy flowing and mass cycling within and between Earth's systems.
9) The interior of the Earth is divided into roughly spherical layers separated by density.
10) The lithosphere is the layer in the interior of the Earth that is just below the crust.
11) Crystallization can produce metamorphic rocks.
Section: 1.8 – Rocks and the Rock Cycle
Earth Science LO: 4.6 – Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere.
12) External processes driven by solar energy can create the materials necessary for sedimentary rocks.
Earth Science LO: 3.3 – Earth exchanges mass and energy with the rest of the Solar System.
13) A craton is the interior of a continental mass that has been undisturbed for the last 1 billion years.
1.3 Short Answer Questions
1) Which three sciences contribute knowledge and principles that geologists use to understand the natural world?
Answer: Biology, Physics and Chemistry
Earth Science LO: 1.2 – Earth scientists use a large variety of scientific principles to understand how our planet works.
2) ________ is the doctrine that describes how the Earth was shaped by a series of great catastrophes over a short period of time.
Answer: Catastrophism
3) Illustrate how can soil be considered a part of all four atmospheres.
Answer: Soil is made of both geologic and biologic materials. It also supports the growth of plants in the biosphere. Pore spaces in the soil are occupied by both air and water. Air and water are also required to weather debris necessary for soil development.
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
4) Express the definition of the Earth System in your own words.
Answer: Answers will vary, but should include that the four spheres of the Earth are not separate, but interact with each other.
Earth Science LO: 3.6 – Earth's systems are dynamic; they continually react to changing influences.
5) List three examples of subsystems or cycles of the Earth System.
Answer: Answers will vary, but three examples listed in the text include the Carbon Cycle, Hydrologic Cycle, and Rock Cycle.
Earth Science LO: 3.4 – Earth's systems interact over a wide range of temporal and spatial scales.
6) Are humans part of the Earth System? List your evidence.
Answer: Yes. As discussion about anthropogenic climate change will attest, our actions will affect the other spheres on the Earth.
Earth Science LO: 3.8 – Earth's climate is an example of how complex interactions among systems can result in relatively sudden and significant changes.
7) What were the three basic divisions of the interior of the early Earth?
Answer: Iron-rich core, primitive crust, and mantle
8) What was the source for the early atmosphere? Explain the process by which it developed.
Answer: Differentiation of materials in the early Earth and the process of degassing led to the early atmosphere.
1.4 Matching Questions
Put the steps of the Scientific Method in order from first to last.
A) Observations and experiments are developed to test the hypothesis
B) Data is collected that relates to the question
C) A question is proposed about the natural world
D) Hypotheses are rejected, modified, or accepted
E) Questions are posed and a hypothesis is developed
F) Results are shared with the scientific community
1) First
2) Second
3) Third
4) Fourth
5) Fifth
6) Sixth
Answers: 1) C 2) B 3) E 4) A 5) D 6) F
Match the sphere of the Earth with the correct definition.
A) All life on the planet
The solid Earth
B) Gaseous envelope around the planet
C) Water portion of the planet
D) The solid Earth
7) Hydrosphere
8) Biosphere
9) Atmosphere
10) Geosphere
Answers: 7) C 8) A 9) B 10) D
Put the events leading up to the formation of the early Earth in order.
A) Rapid expansion of stellar matter
B) Formation of solar nebula
C) Nuclear fission lights up Sun
D) Formation of proto-planets
11) First
12) Second
13) Third
14) Fourth
Answers: 11) A 12) B 13) C 14) D
Sort the collection of rocks below into the three categories of rocks.
A) Slate, Schist, Quartzite, Phyllite
B) Granite, Gabbro, Rhyolite, Basalt
C) Limestone, Conglomerate, Arkose, Dolomite
15) Igneous Rocks
16) Sedimentary Rocks
17) Metamorphic Rocks
Answers: 15) B 16) C 17) A
Match the rock type with the correct definition.
A) Rocks that form when a pre-existing rock is altered due to heat and pressure
B) Rocks that form from pre-existing materials going through lithification
C) Rocks that form from the crystallization of molten material
18) Igneous
19) Sedimentary
20) Metamorphic
Answers: 18) C 19) B 20) A
1.5 Essay Questions
1) Explain how increased urbanization makes people more vulnerable to natural disasters?
Answer: Answers will vary, but those listed in Section 1.1 of the text include: Coastal wetlands and dunes are destroyed, which protect coastal cities from storms. Sea level rise will inundate coastal areas. Urban areas in seismic and/or volcanic areas will concentrate a large number of people in the path of these hazards. As construction commences, there may be poor construction practices or inappropriate land use that concentrate people in vulnerable sites. Urbanization can change the magnitude and frequency of flooding on rivers.
Global Sci Out: 5, 7, & 8
Earth Science LO: 9.5 – Human activities alter the natural land surface.
2) In the 16th and 17th centuries, the doctrine of Catastrophism was used to describe how the Earth had been shaped quickly by fast, violent catastrophes and was therefore very young. In the 18th century, James Hutton developed the Principle of Uniformitarianism, which stated that the Earth was shaped by small, gradual changes occurring over a long period of time, making the Earth much older. Which side (if any) is correct and why?
Answer: The Earth is shaped by catastrophic events such as earthquakes and floods, which will cause major changes in a short period of time. However, the Earth is also shaped by small, gradual changes such as stream deposition and weathering, which may only show measurable change after several decades or centuries. In reality, both sides are correct.
Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis
Global Sci Out: 1, 2, 7, & 8
3) Explain how a scientific theory differs from the way most non-scientists use the word theory in everyday language.
Answer: A scientific theory is a well-tested and widely accepted view the scientific community agrees on that best explains observable facts. The more familiar usage of theory in everyday language usually refers to an educated guess.
4) Explain the difference between a scientific hypothesis and a scientific theory.
Answer: A scientific hypothesis is an untested explanation developed to try to explain a set of observations. A scientific theory is a well-tested and widely accepted view that best explains the observable facts.
5) Changes in one part of the Earth System can influence processes in other parts of the system. Sometimes these changes can be minor, but sometimes they can be severe. Which part of the Earth System do you think exerts the most power over the other three? Why do you believe this is the case? Support your position with evidence.
Answer: Answers will vary.
Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation
Earth Science LO: 3.7 – Changes in part of one system can cause new changes to that system or to other systems, often in surprising and complex ways.
6) On May 18, 1980, the volcano Mt. St. Helens in Washington State erupted, devastating life and landscape for over 200 mi2 through ash falls, lahars, and other pyroclastic deposits. A few days later, President Jimmy Carter flew surveyed the devastated area and stated it looked more desolate than a moonscape. How did the volcanic eruption affect the hydrologic, biologic, and atmospheric parts of the Earth System? And, after the eruption, how did those same parts of the Earth System affect the volcanic deposits?
Answer: Answers will vary but can include landslide deposits creating a lahar when entering Spirit Lake, burrowing animals that had survived the eruption digging to the surface and bringing soil up from below, lupines re-establishing themselves in the pumice fields, etc.
7) Compare and contrast ocean basins and continents.
Answer: One significant difference between these is their respective elevations. Ocean basins are lower in elevation whereas continents are higher in elevation. However, his elevation difference is the result of different material densities and thicknesses. Continental material is thicker (up to 70 km), but in spite of that sits higher on the mantle because it is less dense (2.7 g/cm3). Oceanic material is thinner (averaging at 7 km), but denser (3.0 g/cm3).
8) In the 17th century, Archbishop James Ussher of Ireland used the Bible to calculate that the Earth was created in 4004 B.C. Imagine you could take Archbishop Ussher to Niagara Falls. Although Niagara Falls is located on the border between the United States and Canada today, it was located several km to the north at the Niagara Escarpment and is eroding southward. Let's assume the rate of erosion is 50 cm/yr. Assuming the distance from the Niagara Escarpment to Niagara Falls is 11 km, calculate how long, calculate how long it would have taken to erode from the Escarpment to the current location of the Falls. How would this affect Archbishop Ussher's assessment of the age of the Earth?
Answer: Rewriting the Rate Equation so that Time = Distance/Rate:
11 km = 1,100,000 cm
Time = 1,100,000 cm/50 cm per year = 22,000 years
It took 22,000 years to erode the material, not to mention the fact that it would take time to deposit the rock before the river could erode it. These numbers, supported by geologic evidence, proves Ussher's age of the Earth is too young.
1.6 Visual
1) Draw the hydrologic cycle to illustrate the processes of the hydrologic sphere.
Answer: Answers will vary, but should include evaporation, condensation, precipitation, infiltration, evapotranspiration, and run-off.
2) Using the illustration you made of the hydrologic cycle, identify three locations where the hydrologic sphere is interacting with one of the other three spheres. Make sure to list the names of the spheres interacting at those locations.
Answer: Answers identified can include evaporation (hydrologic and atmospheric spheres), evapotranspiration (hydrologic and biologic spheres), and infiltration (hydrologic and geologic spheres).
Earth Science LO: 4.1 – Earth's geosphere changes through geological, hydrological, physical, chemical, and biological processes that are explained by universal laws.
Using the blanks provided, label the layers in the interior of the Earth.
Answer: See Fig. 1.18
4) Geologic Rock Cycle
Below is a partially completed geologic rock cycle. Using the choices provided, match the correct word with the correct blank in the rock cycle.
Answer: 4-Sediments, 5-Lithification, 6-Burial, 7-Cooling, 8-Igneous Rock
5) Using the Rock Cycle, draw alternate paths between the rock types.
Answer: Answers will vary, but can include igneous rocks going through metamorphism to become metamorphic rocks, etc.
Label the correct feature for each blank on the seafloor profile in the image above.
Answer: A-Continental Shelf, B-Continental Slope, C-Continental Rise
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According to most philosophers, God in making the world enslaved it. According to Christianity, in making it, He set it free.
God had written, not so much a poem, but rather a play; a play he had planned as perfect, but which had necessarily been left to human actors and stage-managers, who had since made a great mess of it.


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Second viewing thoughts and grades: Notre Dame
That didn't feel like a three-point loss. Did any BC fan trust us to comeback once the Irish got up? Watching the game back just reinforced the point. The energy, the playcalling and even Notre Dame's reaction never turned. As frustrated as we are, I can only guess what some players are thinking.
Offense: C-
Fadule was ok. He's a fighter and looks good at times, but this was the first game where he seemed confused. There were clearly some runs (Williams was downfield blocking, as was Callinan) where Fadule dropped back to pass. He also had clock issues and timing the snap on the jet sweep. Addazio also got on him for some run pass/decisions. His passing wasn't particularly crisp and had trouble with blitzes. Smith looked good and ran with more purpose. His passing was good too. My only real issue was that he screwed up a snap again.
Rouse was fine but better receiving than rushing. Willis ran hard but did not break anything big. Same sort of feel from Wilson. What they all did though was help the play action and the Smith runs later.
This is a different game without the drop from Thadd Smith and less so with the Robinson drop. Those mistakes are killers, but also lead me to wonder why we didn't throw more. I know the QBs are not great passers, but there were open plays out there. Callinan had some really nice catches, including the TD. Sweeney's one grab was nice. Dudeck was fine as the emergency outlet, but when is he ever going to break a tackle? Addazio struggled blocking again.
Although Flutie got on them, the OLine wasn't their worst. Bowen did not play well and Williams struggled a bit, but I thought Baker looked good and moved well. Monteiro played well.
Put aside who is making the QB call for a moment and just look at some of the unintended byproducts. Snap issues. Wasted timeouts. General execution issues with regards to blocking and catching. Timing issues on timing plays (the sweep). This is happening in Week 11. I also don't understand why there wasn't more passing. Plenty of big plays were there. But Notre Dame knew if they stopped the run, they would stop BC. But even with a focus on stopping the run, BC got good run productivity from the QBs.
Defense: B
One of the reasons ND was able to move the ball was the Defensive Line. Each guy had some big plays, but in general they weren't at their best. Abdesmad made the most plays. Wujciak was contained for the most part. Landry missed big on an option. Kavalec was ok. Gutapel helped tip on of the INTs.
If the DLine was not their best, the LBs were. The most impressive play was Strachan and Milano blowing up ND's read option. Daniels also made some nice plays. He was very disruptive in the backfield. Strachan also did well when forced into coverage.
Simmons had a heck of a game. He made heads up plays all over the field. He tackled well too. McClary was tested the most and did ok -- despite the penalty. Johnson played well. Harris looked okay, but he missed a few tackles.
I thought we would blitz more against ND. But we didn't and that allowed them to pass a lot. We were fortunate that we turned the ball over so often. So Brown doesn't get a thumbs up for the scheme, but the players stripping the ball is all part of the package.
Special Teams: C
Lots of Special Teams mistakes to ruin the good stuff. Alston muffed a critical punt and we were lucky the D got the ball back. The penalty on the blocked kick was also bad. Sailing a kick off out of bounds was also bad.
Walker looked good. The punt coverage was good. And we made a field goal!!!
I didn't mind the fake punt. I just wish it had been executed better.
Overall: C+
Addazio said the plan was to play both Quarterbacks. That's fine, but the timing and the in and out still seemed so haphazard. As mentioned above, the rotation seemed to impact execution again. Addazio also deserves a little scorn for the unsportsmanlike penalty. This is a guy who preaches smart football and avoiding mistakes. Yet here he goes getting a 15-yard penalty when we are behind? If a player did that, he would be livid. Beyond the game, this is dumb because it was an ACC crew. Do you think Addazio is getting a reputation among officials? How is that going to pay off in the future?
We lost a close game against a top team. That is not the end of the world. But he gets a C+ because he's ineffective at fixing our issues in-season and keeps making the same mistakes.
Posted by ATL_eagle at 11/23/2015
Labels: Addazio Year 3, bc vs notre dame, grades, second viewing thoughts
JERZeagle said...
addazio overachieved with spaz's players. and is completely inept with his own players.
can't wait to get stuffed over and over and over and over again through 2020... truly, an exciting brand of football.
SaturdaysOnShea said...
Mercifully, the season will be over by this time next week and we can begin our analysis of what went wrong and what we can expect in 2016.
I get the sense that everyone, fans, coaches, players, are ready for the season to end.
The mantra for 2016 needs to be "player development." Daz has set expectations high for next year, himself touting how good he expects the O-Line to be in 2016-17. We will need to see that progression.
Beat Syracuse on Saturday for some momentum going into the spring.
finally some scorn from ATL for Addazio. an exciting day.
we lose three players of relevance - Wujciak, Simmons and Daniels. all of the other guys graduating either didnt play, or played poorly when they did. will be happy to see Lou Addazio (who is truly terrible), Harris Williams and Bowen all graduate - thank you for your contributions but lets see what someone else has at those positions.
next year is put up or shut up time for Coach Addazio.
this is a funny image of Addazio and co.:
http://cdn0.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/w5oPpshxgQIDYDZbd1otdwLgw10=/0x0:3029x2019/709x473/filters:format(webp)/cdn0.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/47702755/usa-today-8839861.0.jpg
to ATL's point, Addazio probably would've benched a player for life if he got a 15 yarder for incessant cry baby antics and whining at the ref. can he please shape up and start acting like a professional? in the above picture he is literally being restrained by three separate coaches. grow up, coach!
projected depth chart next year (with next year's class). needless to say we will be a lot deeper with the zillion guys we redshirted plus next year's class:
LT: Monteiro (So), Schmal (R-So)
LG: Stevens (So), Cashman (Sr)
C: Baker (Jr), Taylor (Sr)
RG: Lindstrom (So), Ragan (Fr)
RT: Hendren (R-So), Pallozolo (R-Fr)
TE: Sweeney (R-So), Harrington (Fr) or Marten (Fr)
WR: Smith (JR), Callinan (Jr) are the two established guys. then pick 4 out of: Borgersen (R-Fr), Pankey (R-Fr), Garrison (R-Fr), Glines (R-Fr), Walker (SO), Alston (Jr), Gray (Fr), White (Fr)
QB: Wade (R-Jr), Smith (So), Brown (Fr)
RB: Hilliman (R-So), Willis (Sr), Rouse (Sr)
FB: Wolford (Sr), Wilson (R-So)
DE: Landry (Jr), Allen (So)
DT: Gutapfel (Sr), Smith (So)
DE: Kavalec (Jr), Moore (Sr), Ray (So)
SLB: Milano (Sr), Grice (So)
MLB: Strachan (Jr), Richardson (Fr)
WLB: Schwab (Jr), Tucky (Fr)
CBs: Yiadom (Jr), Kam Moore (Jr), Denis (So), Torres (So)
Safeties: Johnson (Sr), Harris (Jr), Ntantang (Jr)
Hoib said...
I think Wojack will be the hardest to replace. Gutapfel is the only big guy we have there coming back. On one of the blitzs I noticed Dudeck continue down the field even though he saw the blitzer headed right to the QB un blocked. Doesn't he have the ability to read the situation and pull up, so the QB has a hot read option? W/ a young QB we are constantly facing the blitz, shouldn't there be an in play adjustment?
The stunning fact about the 2015 season - Our 7 game losing streak is the longest since the 0-11 1978 team. Not even Spaz lost 7 in a row!
Big Jack Krack said...
Hoib - I never could figure out why #26 got so much playing time - especially since #10 seemed to be healthy and available. If #10 left the team (don't know what the story is there) it's not surprising. Seems like terrible mismanagement. Other WRs should have gotten playing time over #26 as well.
In terms of interior DL - we have young guys coming up who will get bigger - don't know which ones will emerge to play beside Gutapfel - Joe Vitiello, RSF 6'4" 262; Kevin Cohee, RSF 6'2" 257; Noa Merritt, So 6'0" 268 (what happened to him?); Ray Smith, FR 6'1" 264 (who has been playing this year) and Jack Kenny, So, 6'3" 257. Maybe Coach Brown will have to poach an offensive lineman, I don't know.
Also, Malachi Moore, Jr. might be able to play interior at 6'7" 273.
Maybe he doesn't have the authority to alter the route? I hope he would though. W/ a young QB we face a steady dose of blitzes, so the WRS have to adjust on the fly so the QB has a target to go to quickly. All the guys you mention at tackle would really need to beef up to do what Connor does. He's a big key to the success of the D, and literally leaves big shoes to fill.
As to 26, although not very athletic he's one of the few guys we have who can actually catch the ball. If he shows decent hands I think that spot would ultimately be a good place for Jeff Smith. He could still play some QB as a wrinkle, like Lville does. I don't know if you remember, but 2 years ago they beat us pretty good at Alumni, one of the QBS was a Frosh. Who ran in a couple of TDS on us. This year they moved him to Slot receiver, they used him on sweeps, as well as pass plays. He also took some snaps at QB to show us a different look. I think we could do that w/ Smith. Make use of his speed, but limit his touches. As an every down running QB, I just don't think he's built to take the pounding.
Hope you're watching our young hoop team. It's been a breath of fresh air so far. Happy Thanksgiving!
mod10aeagle said...
I realize this is like pointing out a stain on the cushion of a deck chair on the Titanic, but what happened to the jet sweep? Once upon a time it was really effective as both yard-gainer and decoy, and it's a big part of what made Alston seem like a "game-changer" kind of player. This year, when they have run it, they seem to have introduced a new self-defeating wrinkle -- the stutter step, just before the hand-off (or fake). At first I thought it was just screwed up timing, but then it happened every time they ran the damned play. So, either it's designed, or these guys are seriously rhythm-deficient. Anyway, I just needed to get that off my chest.
It's a counter play. So it needs to be set up by establishing a successful read option look by the QB. Last year we had Murph who ran so well the D would over react to him, leaving the backside vulnerable to the JET. Pretty much all our struggles come back to the same thing. Rotten Oline play, never allowed us to establish the run. W/o that the counters don't work, as well as the play action pass. No offense works if the upfront isn't there.