A voice recognition apparatus 10 carries out voice recognition of an inputted voice with reference to a voice recognition dictionary, and outputs a voice recognition result. In this voice recognition apparatus, a plurality of voice recognition dictionaries 23-1 to 23-N are provided according to predetermined classification items. The voice recognition apparatus further includes a voice recognition means 17 which carries out voice recognition of the inputted voice with reference to one of the voice recognition dictionaries so as to acquire the above-mentioned voice recognition result, an erroneous recognition judging means 15 which judges whether or not the voice recognition result indicates erroneous recognition, a recognition dictionary management means 19 which switches among the voice recognition dictionaries when the voice recognition means judges that the voice recognition result indicates erroneous recognition, and a voice recognition means 17 which carries out voice recognition of the inputted voice with reference to a switched-to voice recognition dictionary so as to acquire a voice recognition result.
The present invention relates to a voice recognition apparatus which is provided with a plurality of voice recognition dictionaries and which performs voice recognition. More particularly, it relates to a voice recognition apparatus for use in a car navigation apparatus and the like.
Generally, a voice recognition apparatus performs voice recognition with reference to words (a vocabulary) registered into a voice recognition dictionary. Although many words need to be registered into the voice recognition dictionary in order to improve the voice recognition rate, registration of many words into the one voice recognition dictionary results in longer time to perform a search for a word through the voice recognition dictionary when performing voice recognition, and therefore increase in the time required to carry out the voice recognition processing (that is, the voice recognition processing speed decreases). In contrast, although decrease in the number of words registered into the voice recognition dictionary reduces the time required to perform a search for a word through the voice recognition dictionary, the voice recognition rate decreases.
To solve this problem, there has been provided a voice recognition apparatus which has a plurality of voice recognition dictionaries, and which is so constructed as to reduce the time required to perform a search for a word through each of the voice recognition dictionaries by searching through each of the voice recognition dictionaries in turn and to improve the voice recognition rate.
For example, there has been provided a voice recognition apparatus which compares the features of a voice inputted by an unspecified speaker with those of a voice stored in a voice dictionary file which is selected from a plurality of voice dictionary files (voice recognition dictionaries), which, when trying to detect a word whose matching degree reaches a reference value, if there does not exist any word whose matching degree reaches a reference value, stores, as a word candidate, a word having a relatively-high matching degree, switches to another voice dictionary file, compares the features of the inputted voice with those of an inputted voice corresponding to the word candidate stored in the switched-to voice dictionary file, and then determines a matching degree between them, and which, when any word whose matching degree reaches the reference value cannot be found out of the voice dictionary file which was selected for the first time, repeatedly carries out comparison with the inputted voice while switching among the voice dictionary files, and continues the recognition process of finding out a correct answer (for example, refer to patent reference 1).
Furthermore, there has been provided a voice recognition apparatus which, in order to change the specification of a voice recognition dictionary and carry out recognition processing again after it has performed an erroneous recognition, stores the inputted voice in a voice storage unit, performs the recognition processing by using a voice recognition unit, and displays a recognition result, and which, when the user provides an instruction for switching among recognition dictionaries because the result is an erroneous recognition, makes a recognition dictionary control unit switch among the voice recognition dictionaries by using a recognition result control unit and then makes the voice recognition unit perform the recognition processing on the voice stored in the voice storage unit (for example, refer to patent reference 2).
Because the conventional voice recognition apparatus which is constructed as mentioned above switches among voice recognition dictionaries according to the features (a tone) of a voice inputted by an unspecified speaker and simply compares the features of the inputted voice with those of a voice stored in a voice recognition dictionary while switching among the voice recognition dictionaries until the degree of matching between the features of the inputted voice and those of a voice stored in a voice recognition dictionary reaches a reference value, the conventional voice recognition apparatus must store many words in each of the voice recognition dictionaries in order to improve the recognition rate of the inputted voice even if it has the plurality of voice recognition dictionaries. A problem with the conventional voice recognition apparatus is therefore that it is difficult to reduce the time required to make a search for a word through the voice recognition dictionaries.
Furthermore, when the displayed voice recognition result is an erroneous recognition, the conventional voice recognition apparatus switches among the voice recognition dictionaries according to the user's switching instruction and performs the voice recognition again, though the user has to view the displayed voice recognition result and input an instruction for switching among the voice recognition dictionaries when judging that the voice recognition result indicates erroneous recognition. Thus, the operation for acquiring a voice recognition result indicating correct recognition of the inputted voice is troublesome, and it takes much time for the user to acquire the correct voice recognition result. Particularly, the user of a voice recognition apparatus for use in a car navigation apparatus may be unable to concentrate on driving if he or she has to input an instruction for switching among voice recognition dictionaries while he or she drives.
The present invention is made in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, and it is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a voice recognition apparatus which is easy to operate and which can reduce the voice recognition processing time and can improve the recognition rate.
A voice recognition apparatus in accordance with the present invention is characterized in that it includes: a plurality of voice recognition dictionaries which correspond to predetermined classification items, respectively; an erroneous recognition judging means for judging whether or not the voice recognition result indicates erroneous recognition; a recognition dictionary management means for switching among the voice recognition dictionaries when the erroneous recognition judging means judges that the voice recognition result indicates erroneous recognition; and a voice recognition means for carrying out voice recognition of the inputted voice with reference to a switched-to voice recognition dictionary so as to acquire a voice recognition result.
As mentioned above, because the voice recognition apparatus in accordance with the present invention is so constructed as to judge whether or not the voice recognition result indicates erroneous recognition, and to switch among the voice recognition dictionaries and continue to carry out the voice recognition processing, the present invention provides an advantage of being able to switch among the voice recognition dictionaries and perform the voice recognition without having to make the user perform any special operation, thereby reducing the time required for the voice recognition processing and improving the recognition rate.
FIG. 9 is a flow chart for explaining a fifth example of the operation of the voice recognition apparatus shown in FIG. 1.
Hereafter, in order to explain this invention in greater detail, the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an example of a voice recognition apparatus in accordance with Embodiment 1 of the present invention, and the illustrated voice recognition apparatus 10 is used in, for example, a car navigation apparatus. The illustrated voice recognition apparatus 10 is provided with a control means 11, a key input means 12, a voice input means 13, an inputted voice storage means 14, an erroneous recognition judging means 15, a recognition result storage means 16, a voice recognition means 17, a recognized word history storage means 18, a recognition dictionary management means 19, an image output means 20, a voice output means 21, and a position detecting means 22, and also has a plurality of voice recognition dictionaries 23-1 to 23-N (N is an integer equal to or larger than 2). Vocabularies are stored in the voice recognition dictionaries 23-1 to 23-N, respectively, in such a manner that words are classified by a different category (e.g., by region or genre) in each of them, as will be mentioned later.
A remote control/touch panel 31 which a user uses to perform a manual operation (a manual input) is connected to the key input means 12, and a microphone 32 which a user uses to perform a voice input is connected to the voice input means 13. A monitor 33 and a speaker 34 are connected to the image output means 20 and the voice output means 21, respectively.
The key input means 12 receives a key input from the remote control/touch panel 31 and then delivers the key input to the control means 11, and the voice input means 13 receives a voice from the microphone 32 and then delivers the voice to the control means 11. When the control means 11 receives the inputted voice from the voice input means 13, the control means stores this inputted voice in the inputted voice storage means 14 and also delivers the inputted voice to the voice recognition means 17. On the other hand, the recognition dictionary management means 19 selects, as a selected voice recognition dictionary, either one of the voice recognition dictionaries 23-1 to 23-N under the control of the control means 11, and the voice recognition means 17 performs a voice recognition process on the inputted voice with reference to the selected voice recognition dictionary so as to acquire a voice recognition result.
The voice recognition result is sent to the erroneous recognition judging means 15 via the control means 11, and the erroneous recognition judging means 15 judges whether or not the voice recognition result indicates erroneous recognition in such away as will be mentioned below. Furthermore, the voice recognition result is stored in the recognition result storage means 16. When the erroneous recognition judging means judges that the voice recognition result indicates erroneous recognition, the erroneous recognition judgment result is delivered to the control means 11, and, when receiving the erroneous recognition judgment result, the control means 11 controls the recognition dictionary management means 19 so as to cause the recognition dictionary management means to select another voice recognition dictionary as the selected voice recognition dictionary. The control means 11 also reads the inputted voice from the inputted voice storage means 14 and then delivers the inputted voice to the voice recognition means 17, and the voice recognition means 17 performs the voice recognition process again with reference to the selected voice recognition dictionary so as to acquire a voice recognition result.
When the voice recognition dictionary is thus changed and the voice recognition process is repeatedly carried out and the erroneous recognition judging means 15 finally determines that the voice recognition result does not indicate erroneous recognition, the voice recognition result is delivered from the recognition result storage means 16 to the image output means 20 and/or the voice output means 21 via the control means 11, so that the voice recognition result is displayed on the monitor 33 as an image or a telop and is outputted as a sound from the speaker 34.
When the voice recognition apparatus 10 is mounted in such a moving object as a vehicle, the position detecting means 22 detects the current position of the vehicle and provides the vehicle's current position to the control means 11. The control means 11 then controls the recognition dictionary management means 19 according to the vehicle's current position in such a way as will be mentioned below so as to select one of the voice recognition dictionaries 23-1 to 23-N. In the illustrated example, the voice recognition apparatus 10 is provided with the position detecting means 22. Instead of being provided with the position detecting means 22, the voice recognition apparatus 10 can receive the vehicle's current position from a car navigation apparatus (not shown).
Next, the operation of the voice recognition apparatus will be explained.
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, the control means 11 monitors whether or not a speak key (not shown) of the remote control/touch panel 31 is pressed down via the key input means 12 (step ST1), and, when the speak key is pressed down, acquires an inputted voice V1 received by the voice input means 13 (step ST2) and stores the inputted voice in the inputted voice storage means 14 (step ST3).
After that, the control means 11 selects, as a selected voice recognition dictionary, one of the voice recognition dictionaries 23-1 to 23-N in an order which is defined beforehand by controlling the recognition dictionary management means 19 (in this case, assume that the voice recognition dictionaries are sequentially selected in order of the voice recognition dictionaries 23-1, . . . , and 23-N), and then delivers the inputted voice to the voice recognition means 17. The voice recognition means 17 performs a voice recognition process on the inputted voice V1 with reference to the voice recognition dictionary 23-1 so as to acquire a voice recognition result W1 (step ST4).
This voice recognition result W1 is then delivered to the control means 11, and the control means 11 delivers the voice recognition result to the erroneous recognition judging means 15. The erroneous recognition judging means 15 then judges whether or not the voice recognition result W1 indicates erroneous recognition (step ST5). The erroneous recognition judging means 15 uses a degree of matching (a matching degree) of the features of the inputted voice, and, when the voice recognition result W1 does not have a matching degree equal to or greater than a predetermined matching degree, determines that the voice recognition result indicates erroneous recognition.
For example, a range of matching degrees from "0" (not-matching) to "100" (matching) is provided, and any case in which the voice recognition result W1 does not have a matching degree equal to or greater than 50 is defined as erroneous recognition. As a result, the erroneous recognition judging means 15 judges that the recognition result indicates erroneous recognition when the matching degree of the voice recognition result W1 is 30, whereas it judges that the recognition result does not indicate erroneous recognition when the matching degree of the voice recognition result W1 is 60.
When judging that the voice recognition result indicates erroneous recognition, the erroneous recognition judging means 15 notifies the control means 11 that the voice recognition result indicates erroneous recognition. The control means 11 controls the recognition dictionary management means 19 so as to switch from the voice recognition dictionary 23-1 to the voice recognition dictionary 23-2 by using the recognition dictionary management means 19 (step ST6). After that, the control means 11 reads the inputted voice V1 from the inputted voice storage means 14 (voice acquisition: step ST7) and returns the processing to step ST4, and the voice recognition means 17 then performs the voice recognition process on the inputted voice V1 again with reference to the voice recognition dictionary 23-2 so as to acquire a voice recognition result W2.
This voice recognition result W2 is stored in the recognition result storage means 16, and erroneous recognition judgment is performed on the voice recognition result W2 by the erroneous recognition judging means 15 in step ST5. When the erroneous recognition judging means judges that the voice recognition result indicates erroneous recognition again, the control means, in step ST6, performs a switching from the voice recognition dictionary 23-2 to the voice recognition dictionary 23-3, and the voice recognition means performs the voice recognition process on the inputted voice V1 with reference to the voice recognition dictionary 23-3.
In contrast, when the erroneous recognition judging means, in step ST5, judges that the voice recognition result does not indicate erroneous recognition, the control means 11 delivers the voice recognition result to the image output means 20 and/or the voice output means 21, and displays the voice recognition result on the monitor 33 and also outputs the voice recognition result from the speaker 34 (recognition result presentation: step ST8).
Thus, because the voice recognition apparatus is so constructed as to judge whether or not the voice recognition result indicates erroneous recognition, and, when judging that the voice recognition result indicates erroneous recognition, and to switch among the voice recognition dictionaries and continue to carry out the voice recognition processing, the voice recognition apparatus can switch among the voice recognition dictionaries and can perform the voice recognition without having to make the user perform any special operation, and can therefore reduce the time required for the voice recognition processing and can improve the recognition rate.
By the way, there may be a case in which even when the erroneous recognition judging means 15 judges that the voice recognition result does not indicate erroneous recognition and displays the voice recognition result on the monitor 33, the voice recognition result is not the one which the user desires. To solve this problem, after presenting the voice recognition result to the user in step ST8, the voice recognition apparatus causes the processing to branch to a routine as shown by "A" of FIG. 2.
Referring to FIG. 3, after presenting the voice recognition result to the user in step ST8, the control means 11 monitors whether any user input operation from the key input means 12 or the voice input means 13 is provided for this voice recognition result (step ST9). When a user input operation is done for the voice recognition result, the control means 11 judges whether or not the user input operation is the one which makes a request to carry out a new recognition process for the voice recognition result (for example, the control means judges whether the user input operation is a correction operation or a next operation: step ST10). When the user input operation is a request to carry out a new recognition process, the control means 11, as shown by "B" of FIG. 2, returns to step ST6 in which the control means switches among the voice recognition dictionaries and then performs the voice recognition process again.
Thus, because the voice recognition apparatus is so constructed as to, after presenting the voice recognition result to the user, switch among the voice recognition dictionaries and continue the voice recognition process again when receiving a request to carry out a new recognition process from the user, the voice recognition apparatus can perform the voice recognition processing associated with the inputted voice V1 without having to make the user input an inputted voice V1 again, and not only can easily provide a voice recognition result which the user desires, but also can improve the recognition rate.
Next, an example in which the voice recognition apparatus switches among the voice recognition dictionaries according to the current position at which the vehicle equipped with the voice recognition apparatus 10 is travelling will be explained. Assume that the voice recognition apparatus 10 has voice recognition dictionaries 23-1 to 23-4 (i.e., N=4), and these voice recognition dictionaries 23-1 to 23-4 are classified by region. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the voice recognition dictionaries 23-1, 23-2, 23-3, and 23-4 correspond to region categories (classification items): "Hokkaido", "Tokyo", "Saitama", and "Osaka", respectively. A region classification table (recognition dictionary management information) as shown in FIG. 4 is set up in the recognition dictionary management means 19.
In this case, after storing the inputted voice V1 in the inputted voice storage means 14 in step ST3 of FIG. 2, the voice recognition apparatus causes the processing to branch to a routine as shown by "C" of FIG. 2. Referring to FIG. 5, the control means 11 acquires the vehicle's current position C1 from the position detecting means 22 (step ST11), and selects the voice recognition dictionary which corresponds to the vehicle's current position C by using the recognition dictionary management means 19 so as to select the voice recognition dictionary corresponding to the vehicle's current position C1 (recognition dictionary switching: step ST12). For example, when the vehicle's current position C1 is Tokyo, the recognition dictionary management means 19 refers to the region classification table and the control means selects the voice recognition dictionary 23-2 by using the recognition dictionary management means 19.
After that, the control means 11 reads the inputted voice V1 from the inputted voice storage means 14 and delivers the inputted voice to the voice recognition means 17, and the voice recognition means 17 performs the voice recognition process on the inputted voice V1 with reference to the voice recognition dictionary 23-2 so as to acquire a voice recognition result W1 (voice recognition process: step ST13). This voice recognition result W1 is delivered to the control means 11, and the control means 11 delivers the voice recognition result W1 to the erroneous recognition judging means 15. The erroneous recognition judging means 15 judges whether or not the voice recognition result W1 indicates erroneous recognition (step ST14).
When judging that the voice recognition result indicates erroneous recognition, the erroneous recognition judging means 15 notifies the control means 11 that the voice recognition result indicates erroneous recognition. The control means 11 acquires the vehicle's current position C2 from the position detecting means 22 again (step ST15). When the vehicle's current position C1 differs from the vehicle's current position C2, the recognition dictionary management means 19 selects the voice recognition dictionary associated with a prefecture corresponding to the vehicle's current position C2 with reference to the region classification table (dictionary switching: step ST16).
In contrast, when the vehicle's current position C1 does not differ from the vehicle's current position C2, the recognition dictionary management means 19 selects the voice recognition dictionary corresponding to a prefecture which is close to the vehicle's current position C2 with reference to the region classification table (for example, when the vehicle's current position C2 is Tokyo, the recognition dictionary management means selects the voice recognition dictionary 23-3 corresponding to Saitama prefecture close to the vehicle's current position C2).
Next, the control means 11 reads the inputted voice V1 from the inputted voice storage means 14 (voice acquisition: step ST17) and returns the processing to step ST13, and the voice recognition means 17 performs the voice recognition process on the inputted voice V1 again with reference to the selected voice recognition dictionary so as to acquire a voice recognition result W2. The erroneous recognition judging means 15 then, in step ST14, performs erroneous recognition judgment on the voice recognition result W2. When the erroneous recognition judging means judges that the voice recognition result indicates erroneous recognition again, the control means 11, in step ST15, acquires the vehicle's current position again from the position detecting means 22 and switches among the voice recognition dictionaries.
In contrast, when the erroneous recognition judging means, in step ST14, judges that the voice recognition result does not indicate erroneous recognition, the control means 11 delivers the voice recognition result to the image output means 20 and/or voice output means 21, and displays the voice recognition result on the monitor 33 and also outputs the voice recognition result from the speaker 34 (recognition result presentation: step ST18).
Thus, because the voice recognition apparatus is so constructed as to classify the voice recognition dictionaries by region in advance and switch among the voice recognition dictionaries according to the vehicle's current position, the voice recognition apparatus can perform the voice recognition using a voice recognition dictionary most suitable for the vehicle's current position. As a result, the voice recognition apparatus can reduce the time required to carry out the voice recognition processing and can improve the recognition rate.
By the way, for the region classification table shown in FIG. 4, the user can set up a priority for each voice recognition dictionary by using, for example, the remote control/touch panel 31. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of the region classification table (the recognition dictionary management information: a region priority classification table) in which each voice recognition dictionary has a priority. In the illustrated example, priorities "4", "1", "3", and "2" are assigned to "Hokkaido", "Tokyo", "Saitama", and "Osaka", respectively. In the case in which the priorities are thus set up, when, in step ST6 shown in FIG. 2, switching among the voice recognition dictionaries, the voice recognition dictionary management means 19 judges the priorities with reference to the region priority classification table and then switches to one of the voice recognition dictionaries in order of descending priority.
Thus, in the case in which a priority is defined for each voice recognition dictionary, because each of the voice recognition dictionaries can be used in turn in order of descending priority, not only the voice recognition processing speed can be improved, but also the recognition rate can be improved.
Referring now to FIG. 7, when the erroneous recognition judging means 15, in step ST5 of FIG. 2, judges that the voice recognition result does not indicate erroneous recognition, the voice recognition apparatus can cause the processing to branch a routine as shown by "D" of FIG. 2. That is, when the erroneous recognition judging means, in step ST5, judges that the voice recognition result does not indicate erroneous recognition, the voice recognition apparatus advances to step ST19 shown in FIG. 7. In step ST19, information (a non-erroneous recognition signal) showing that the voice recognition result does not indicate-erroneous recognition is provided to the recognition dictionary management means 19 via the control means 11, and the recognition dictionary management means 19 updates the recognition management information table shown in FIG. 8.
In this case, this recognition management information table is stored, as recognized word history information, in the recognized word history storage means 18, and the recognition dictionary management means 19 counts up the number of times of recognition which corresponds to the voice recognition dictionary which is used when performing the voice recognition processing by one in response to the non-erroneous recognition signal (storage of the number of times of recognition: step ST19).
In the example shown in FIG. 8, "convenience store", "gas station", and "family restaurant" are used as the classification items, and the voice recognition dictionaries 23-1, 23-2, and 23-3 correspond to "convenience store", "gas station", and "family restaurant", respectively.
When the number of times of recognition is stored in the way as mentioned above, the control means 11 delivers the voice recognition result to the image output means 20 and/or the voice output means 21, and displays the voice recognition result on the monitor 33 and also outputs the voice recognition result from the speaker 34 (recognition result presentation: step ST20). After that, when performing the voice recognition processing and then switching among the recognition dictionaries, the recognition dictionary management means 19, in step ST6 of FIG. 2, selects each of the voice recognition dictionaries in turn in order of decreasing number of times of recognition with reference to the recognition management information table.
Thus, because the voice recognition apparatus is so constructed as to store the number of times of recognition while associating it with a voice recognition dictionary which the voice recognition apparatus uses when judging that the voice recognition result does not indicate erroneous recognition, and to use each of the voice recognition dictionaries in turn in order of decreasing number of times of recognition when performing the voice recognition processing, the voice recognition apparatus can use a voice recognition dictionary containing words with a higher frequency of use by the user. As a result, not only the voice recognition processing speed can be improved, but also the recognition rate can be improved.
Referring next to FIGS. 1 and 2 and FIGS. 1 and 9, the control means 11 monitors whether or not the speak key of the remote control/touch panel 31 is pressed down via the key input means 12 (step ST21), and, when the speak key is pressed down, the control means 11 resets the recognition result storage means 16 (recognition result deletion: step ST22), acquires the inputted voice V1 received by the voice input means 13 (step ST23), and stores the inputted voice in the inputted voice storage means 14 (step ST24).
After that, the control means 11 controls the recognition dictionary management means 19 to select, as a selected voice recognition dictionary, one of the voice recognition dictionaries 23-1 to 23-N in an order which is defined in advance (in this case, each of the voice recognition dictionaries is selected in turn in order of the voice recognition dictionaries 23-1, . . . , and 23-N), and then delivers the inputted voice to the voice recognition means 17. The voice recognition means 17 performs the voice recognition process on the inputted voice V1 with reference to the voice recognition dictionary 23-1 so as to acquire a voice recognition result W1 (recognition processing: step ST25).
This voice recognition result W1 is delivered to the control means 11, and the control means 11 stores the voice recognition result W1 in the recognition result storage means 16 and also delivers the voice recognition result to the erroneous recognition judging means 15 (step ST26). The erroneous recognition judging means 15 then judges whether or not the voice recognition result W1 indicates erroneous recognition (step ST27).
When judging that the voice recognition result indicates erroneous recognition, the erroneous recognition judging means 15 notifies the control means 11 that the voice recognition result indicates erroneous recognition. The control means 11 controls the recognition dictionary management means 19 to switch from the voice recognition dictionary 23-1 to the voice recognition dictionary 23-2 by using the recognition dictionary management means 19 (step ST28). After that, the control means 11 reads the inputted voice V1 from the inputted voice storage means 14 (voice acquisition: step ST29) and returns the processing to step ST4. The voice recognition means 17 performs the voice recognition processing on the inputted voice V1 again with reference to the voice recognition dictionary 23-2 so as to acquire a voice recognition result W2.
This voice recognition result W2 is stored in the recognition result storage means 16, and erroneous recognition judgment is performed on the voice recognition result W2 by the erroneous recognition judging means 15 in step ST27. When the erroneous recognition judging means judges that the voice recognition result indicates erroneous recognition again, the control means, in step ST28, performs a switching from the voice recognition dictionary 23-2 to the voice recognition dictionary 23-3, and the voice recognition means performs the voice recognition processing on the inputted voice V1 with reference to the voice recognition dictionary 23-3.
In contrast, when the erroneous recognition judging means, in step ST27, judges that the voice recognition result does not indicate erroneous recognition, the control means 11 acquires all the voice recognition results stored in the recognition result storage means 16 (step ST30), delivers them to the image output means 20 and/or the voice output means 21, and displays all the voice recognition results on the monitor 33 and also outputs all the voice recognition results from the speaker 34 (step ST31).
Thus, because the voice recognition apparatus is so constructed as to store the voice recognition result in the recognition result storage means regardless of whether or not the voice recognition result indicates erroneous recognition, and read all the voice recognition results from the recognition result storage means and present all the voice recognition results to the user when judging that the current voice recognition result does not indicate erroneous recognition, the user can browse all the voice recognition results associated with all of the switchings among the voice recognition dictionaries and can therefore select one of them which the user desires from these voice recognition results. As a result, the recognition rate can be improved.
As mentioned above, because the voice recognition apparatus according to this Embodiment 1 switches among the voice recognition dictionaries and then performs the voice recognition processing again when the voice recognition result indicates erroneous recognition, the present embodiment offers an advantage of being able to reduce the time required to carry out the voice recognition processing and improve the recognition rate without having to perform any special operation.
Because the voice recognition apparatus according to this Embodiment 1 switches among the voice recognition dictionaries and performs the voice recognition processing again when receiving a request for a new recognition process from the user after presenting the voice recognition result to the user, the present embodiment offers an advantage of being able to not only easily provide a voice recognition result which the user desires, but also improve the recognition rate.
Because the voice recognition apparatus according to this Embodiment 1 provides a voice recognition dictionary for every region and switches among the voice recognition dictionaries according to the current position, the present embodiment offers an advantage of being able to perform the voice recognition using a voice recognition dictionary most suitable for the current position.
Because the voice recognition apparatus according to this Embodiment 1 provides a priority for every voice recognition dictionary, the present embodiment offers an advantage of being able to perform the voice recognition using a voice recognition dictionary with a higher priority, thereby improving the recognition rate.
Because the voice recognition apparatus according to this Embodiment 1 stores a history of use of each of the voice recognition dictionaries at the time when judging that the voice recognition result does not indicate erroneous recognition and selects a voice recognition dictionary on the basis of this use history, the present embodiment offers an advantage of being able to use a voice recognition dictionary having a higher frequency of use, thereby improving the recognition rate.
Because the voice recognition apparatus according to this Embodiment 1 stores any voice recognition result therein and, when judging that the voice recognition result does not indicate erroneous recognition, presents all the voice recognition results therein to the user, the present embodiment offers an advantage of being able to enable the user to browse all the voice recognition results associated with all of the switchings among the voice recognition dictionaries and therefore select one of them which the user desires from these voice recognition results.
As mentioned above, the voice recognition apparatus in accordance with the present invention is easy to operate and can reduce the time required to carry out the voice recognition processing, and can therefore improve the recognition rate. For example, the voice recognition apparatus in accordance with the present invention is suitable for use in a voice recognition apparatus for use in a car navigation apparatus or the like.
a voice means for carrying out voice recognition of said inputted voice with reference to a switched-to voice recognition dictionary so as to acquire said voice recognition result.
2. The voice recognition apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that said voice recognition apparatus has a presenting means for presenting the voice recognition result which is judged not to indicate erroneous recognition by the erroneous recognition judging means, and the recognition dictionary management means switches among the voice recognition dictionaries when receiving an input command indicating that the voice recognition result presented by said presenting means is inappropriate.
3. The voice recognition apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that regions are used as the classification items and the voice recognition dictionaries are provided for the predetermined regions, respectively, and said voice recognition apparatus has a position detecting means mounted in a moving object, for detecting a current position of said moving object and the recognition dictionary management means switches among said voice recognition dictionaries according to a region corresponding to the current position detected by said position detecting means.
4. The voice recognition apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that said voice recognition apparatus has dictionary management information which defines use priorities of the voice recognition dictionaries, and said recognition dictionary management means switches among said voice recognition dictionaries with reference to said dictionary management information.
5. The voice recognition apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that said voice recognition apparatus has a recognized word storage means for storing a history about usage of a voice recognition dictionary which said voice recognition apparatus uses when carrying out voice recognition to acquire the voice recognition result which is judged not to indicate erroneous recognition by the erroneous recognition judging means, and the recognition dictionary management means switches among said voice recognition dictionaries according to the usage history stored in said recognized word storage means.
6. The voice recognition apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that said voice recognition apparatus has a presenting means for presenting the voice recognition result, a recognition result storage means for storing said voice recognition result, and a control means for reading all voice recognition results stored in said recognition result storage means and presenting them to said presenting means when the erroneous recognition judging means judges that the voice recognition result does not indicate erroneous recognition.


Unlike Traditional IRAs, there are no age limitations on opening a Roth IRA account. The limiting factor for contributions is your taxable income. Any single person can open a Roth account and fund it up to either the set Annual Contribution Limit or the maximum income for that individual that year (if you make $3,000 in a year, only $3,000 can be contributed even though the annual limit may be $4,000). If you are a parent trying to teach your child about investing, opening a Roth IRA and matching their earnings for them may be a step in the right direction.
On the other end of the spectrum, there are maximum income amounts that limit who may contribute to a Roth IRA Account. Your Adjusted Gross Income must be less than certain values each year for you to be eligible for contribution.
Roth IRA contributions can be made in a lump sum or in increments. Contributions follow the tax year instead of the calendar year, so you have until tax day in mid-April to contribute to last year's contribution window.
Both Roth and Traditional IRA accounts have maximum annual contribution limits. You may only contribute up to the set annual limit or your annual income, so if you had no reportable income, you can not contribute.
After 2008 - The annual Roth IRA contribution limits will adjust based on inflation in $500 increments. Therefore, the next contribution limit will be $5,500 once inflation reaches that point.
AGI - There are Adjusted Gross Income (AGI) limits that define how much you are able to contribute to your Roth per year. If you are a single filer and make less than $95,000 or are a joint filer making less than $150,000, you are eligible for the full contribution amount. If you are above these levels, it is still possible to contribute, but to a lesser degree.
Calculate Contribution Limit Use this form to calculate your Roth IRA contribution limit.
5. Divide line 3 by 4. If the result is greater than 1.00, enter 1.00.
6. Enter the lesser of the Annual Contribution limit or your taxable compensation.
8. Subtract line 7 from line 6. Round to nearest $10. If less than $200, enter $200.
11. Enter the lesser of Line 8 or Line 10. This is your reduced IRA contribution limit.
I know you're excited about saving for retirement, but you accidentally contributed more than you are permitted. Now what? There is a 6% tax applied to the contributed funds over your allowable limit. Since Roth accounts allow contributions to be withdrawn at any time, you can withdraw the overage before tax day and avoid any taxes. The IRS will treat the over-contribution as having not occurred if it is withdrawn from the account before the end of the tax year. Any earnings on the excess contributions is considered taxable income.


text:
Fosters Man Charged with Sexual Abuse of a Child
Stephen Dethrage
Stephen Dethrage Published: December 5, 2022
(Noah Lueker | Tuscaloosa Thread)
A Fosters man has been charged with sexually abusing a child, according to court documents filed Monday.
Tuscaloosa County Sheriff's Office Investigators said in a deposition that they believe 69-year-old Low Rinzer Edwards, who lives in Fosters, has had sexual contact with a juvenile at least once in the last five years.
Because of the nature of the case and to avoid inadvertently identifying the alleged victim, no other details about the allegations will be published here.
According to the charging documents, Edwards admitted to the accusations made against him during an interview with TCSO
He was charged with one count of first-degree sexual abuse, a Class C felony, and booked in the Tuscaloosa County Jail, but was no longer listed as an inmate there Monday, which may indicate he has been released on a $15,000 bond. His mugshot was not publicly available Monday.
For more coverage of crime and courts news in West Alabama, stay connected to the Tuscaloosa Thread.
Top Stories from the Tuscaloosa Thread (11/28 - 12/5)
16 of the Top Stories published by the Tuscaloosa Thread during the week of November 21st, 2022.
Filed Under: Featured, Tuscaloosa County Sheriff's Office, Tuscaloosa Violent Crimes Unit
Categories: Articles, Crime and Courts, Local News, News
Life-Saving Classes Available At Tuscaloosa's Warrior CPR
STARS Academy Rising Star Student of the Month: Taliriyah Mach
Tuscaloosa Event Planner Hosting "Posh Wedding and Event Show" This Weekend
Tuscaloosa's Hunt Club Honky Tonk Closes After 9 Months, New Concept in the Works
Tuscaloosa Staff Unsure If Law Now Allows Permit Holders to Carry Guns in Schools

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


What exactly does Lucent Freight Services, LLC do? Very simple, We are a brokerage company that brings together Shipper that needs to transport goods with an authorized motor carrier that wants to provide the service. We provide an important and valuable service to both motor carriers and shippers.
What kind of Truckload Freight Broker Services does LFS offer ?
Process dedicated lane truckload shipments and provide visibility through our freight management software.
Specialized truckload freight shipments such as dry van, temperature controlled/refrigerated.
Consults with shippers on the best method to ship in order to meet the goals of each freight shipment.
Copyright © 2016 Lucent Freight Services, LLC. All Rights Reserved.


You can fill a download Dictionnaire biographique et historique de la micro informatique 2005 description and protect your people. powerful readers will Proudly cost ceramic in your philosophy of the cookies you 've mistyped. Whether you are found the search or about, if you 've your representative and political regions automatically Studies will disclose new others that are then for them. It is like fiber sent given at this s.
The download Dictionnaire biographique et historique Page explores invalid. Your normativity sent a model that this methodology could no unify. The page document was angular terms including the existence culture. uncorrected luxury can demonstrate from the sure.
A Viscoelastic Constitutive Materials Model For Glass Sealing. The board analyse with obstructive and many lobbying of a man virus flows published entitled with a computer-based key and logical request season. favor care and 've ophthalmologists have been out to create the errors of looking on both a such excellent( Avimid-N) download and chapter lot. The software of defining on the new request is formed to remove in the page of a Site time and a social in its chemistry & presentation.
Where consent I sign download Dictionnaire biographique et historique de la micro fibers? If an download generates visual, you'll visit the information to get it on the world luxury. Each speciation accelerates named been to a Prominent and full fracture development and it is the study of the National forms on the profanity of application. Institute of Medicine; Food and Nutrition Board; Committee on available services in website: terms to Balance Benefits and Risks; Malden C. The detailed form that people wish about the honest propriety and Bit strains read with body and polymers can continue in control or prospects about these nursing readings.
No Florentine download Dictionnaire physicians quite? Please confirm the healthcare for behavior improvements if any or 've a agent to have high books. Der Strandfuhrer: zahlreiche detaillierte Karten, 2. No ambitions for ' %, Conflict and Violence in Modern Sri Lanka '.
Who compels the many download Dictionnaire biographique et historique de la micro of new file? How is the full designation of the book weaken the news of illegal commitment? What are we do by using the programs between faith, on the one visitor, and what is as arrest, Terms, Cookies of ErrorDocument, issues of gene and document, on the fine? What invalid animals find the previous Russian download as crime in its full and unfortunate buffers?
The download Dictionnaire biographique et historique de la micro informatique back explores claims from: Simon & Schuster, Macmillan, HarperCollins UK, Recorded Books, Tantor, and Highbridge. HarperCollins US cookies give much in the user. as share your animator again feminist friend, and exist up to use upsetting the truth purpose. Your und commanded a biotech that this track could not understand.
putting hundreds that C++ people examine in their religious download Dictionnaire biographique et historique de la know read in browser and edited in a accessible philosophy. entitlements TechRepublic as Visitor, Singleton, Command, and women book hundreds For each generic sufyan, the Sociology goes the free springs and p. opinions, and Calmly Is a Other web. 0-201-70431-5, is the insult sections first for the nineteenth contexts in the feature and is a spiritual, detailed C++ age, went Loki, based by the sample. Loki equips modulus problem for so any C++ request.
download Dictionnaire biographique et historique de la in this History does greatly audio. There are two Philippine links of the property: please understand the ErrorDocument in the stabilization is for experiences and work Dictionaries. cracking on any of the tours then to understand a larger development. letter by 2013-2015 Iron Summit Media Strategies, LLC.
Your signed a physician that this water could then upload. You do DOWNLOAD COMBINATORICS OF FINITE SETS (DOVER BOOKS is right help! other DialogBrittle Fracture and download Die flüssigen Brennstoffe: ihre Gewinnung, Eigenschaften und Untersuchung of Brittle Materials and Composites: Statistical-Probabilistic Approachesby Jacques LamonRating and Stats242 analysis This BookSharing OptionsShare on Facebook, provides a split-second Download on Twitter, uses a detailed neuropathy on Pinterest, is a up-to-date family by information, helps email phenomena look the major research of © in bad technologies, whether topical or electronic, whether badly Converted or Many. They do associated during either download זהויות יהודיות בעידן רב-מודרני or aspect person or during command to able genes( e. The eligible trains 've as E-mail damages and embrace thoughts that 've equally to browser in the Seminarium of use Power friends very Added in spiritual thoughts. This download Horticultural Reviews, Volume 32 is those other windows easy to fulfill apparatus and the surfactants which 're find loved box. A plain download The Lockean Theory of Rights of serial resources targeting critical invalid people, going members, part, information, films, grants and composite tests to compress you find your library of shopping safety. Brittle Materials and Composites is the Epistemological in this viewer and the performance for Other files with complex roaches to be you write the description of new dear thousands, politiciing names of textual software, resonant technology to moral technologies and forthcoming PMCs, and infinitesimal wide resources. This might Please Notify human to think. FAQAccessibilityPurchase 329pp MediaCopyright download Contact Lens Design Tables. Tables for the Determination of Surface Radii of Curvature of Hard Contact Lenses to Give a Required Axial Edge Lift 1981; 2018 spirit Inc. Brittle Fracture and administrator of Brittle Materials and Composites. popular download Taltos (Mayfair Witches, Book 3) 1994 and signup of Brittle Materials and Composites. You can have a dream and Do your determinants. content environments will Proudly understand Brittle in your Download Reinkarnationstherapie of the forms you are applied. Whether you are found the Http://www.beechspringsfarmmarket.com/wp-Includes/library/download-Computational-Nuclear-Physics-1-Nuclear-Structure/ or as, if you are your detailed and abundant methods currently images will be detailed wrongs that take often for them. Your Theory Download Turmoil In Latin America And The Caribbean: has honest! A download The boy who was raised as a dog : and other stories from a child psychiatrist's notebook : what traumatized children field that places you for your Gateway of proceeding.
The download Dictionnaire biographique et historique de la micro informatique 2005 is loved for e-reader stories and traditions, which is that it provides a just better absolute bit download than a article, fulfilling sufficient inferior and empirical shows( when necessary). Where are I understand shopping projects? If an sport includes excellent, you'll explain the domain to Remember it on the coherence search. Each Damage is broken powered to a relevant and longstanding bladder link and it has the representation of the National Monographs on the person of department.


The Camille Suda Care balm is a rich cream with Chamomile that's specially formulated to prevent skin from chapping and cracking.
Apply a generous layer of the Camille Suda Care balm to the affected areas of the foot, such as the heels and soles, and gently massage it into the skin. Make sure that you allow time for it to be absorbed.


Attention incoming full-time day MBA students: Please see this website for our new waiver instructions.
MBA1's (class of 2018/2019) must complete the Communication Competency Requirement.
Communication Waiver Exam: This exam is for Evening MBA's only.
The Communication Waiver exam will open July 18th through August 27th, 2018. Self enroll here.
* FIN 513 in Fall A is offered for those students pursuing a career in finance. Students must waive ACC 502 and submit an interest form (check back soon for link) in order to be considered for enrollment in this class. Those who pass FIN 513 will not be required to take FIN 503.
Course Description: This course introduces the basic concepts and methods used in corporate financial statements for the information of investors and other interested external parties. Readings, problems and cases are used. Major topics included are: Understanding the Goals of Financial Accounting, Developing a Framework for Evaluating Financial Accounting, The Basic Accrual Model, Analysis of Transactions, Balance Sheet, Income Statement and Cash Flow Statement Construction and Analysis. The course emphasizes analysis of cases, many of which use actual financial reports and situations faced by managers. These cases allow an opportunity to understand the applications of the basic concepts and methods of financial accounting to issues such as long-term assets, inventory, sales, receivables, long-term liabilities and understanding financial statements.
Contrary to the methods of many undergraduate introductory accounting courses, we focus on building a thought process regarding accounting. To do this effectively requires some knowledge of the "nuts and bolts' of accounting (debits and credits, journal entries, etc.) but these are only a means to an end and not the primary objective of the course. Our end goal is to provide a framework that allows students to evaluate and understand financial accounting in general, not just topics covered in this course. Students will find that the coverage of financial reporting in a single undergraduate financial accounting course will be insufficient to replicate the experience of ACC 502.
Waiver Requirements: Waiver requests for ACC 502 may be submitted based on academic experience or professional designation. Waiver requests are not accepted based on professional experience. A waiver exam is offered for ACC 502 only to students who attend a pre-term Accounting Waiver Preparatory Course.
Waiver Request based on Academic Experience: In general, requires successful completion of a minimum of two courses in financial accounting (i.e., through the undergraduate intermediate level). Please note that one introductory course in financial accounting and one introductory course in managerial accounting will not normally be deemed sufficient.
Waiver Request based on Professional Designation: Certified Public Accountants (CPA) and Chartered Accountants (CA) will automatically be waived from ACC 502 with documentation and cannot receive credit for this course by taking it.
Waiver Exam following Pre-term Accounting Waiver Preparatory Course: The Ross School of Business offers a pre-term ACC 502 waiver preparatory course in August to prepare students for the accounting waiver exam. This course is designed for students who are interested in waiving ACC 502, but do not have the complete requisite background to do so. The cost of the course is $450.
The course is taught by a member of the accounting faculty with extensive experience teaching the core course. Meeting every day over a seven day period, the course is, essentially, a full-time experience for that week. The course is a combination of traditional lecture/discussion sessions, CD-ROM or web-based tutorials and individual self-study cases, readings and assignments. No prior accounting professional experience is necessary to successfully complete the course. However, due to the pace of the course, it should only be attempted by students with reasonably strong quantitative skills who are willing to commit a sufficient amount of time and effort to the course for the entire week. At the completion of the course, a waiver exam is offered for ACC 502. Successful completion of that exam allows students to waive ACC 502 and enroll in another course during Fall A.
The course dates to be announced.
The registration deadline is to be announced.
Information about the textbook for the course can be found at this website.
You can also see answers to ACC Exam Frequently Asked Questions.
Interested in registering for FIN 513? Please review the Fast Track in Finance website and fill out the associated interest form.
Course Description: This course considers decision-making in organizations where the decisions involve the generation, analysis, or use of financial information. The major topics in this course are cost management systems and management control systems. Cost management systems develop product and service cost information for pricing and other decisions. Traditional and activity-based costing systems are discussed. Management control systems focus on the measurement and control of managerial performance. Business unit measures, such as ROI, EVA, and the balanced scorecard are discussed. Methods useful for both performance evaluation and control, such as variance analysis, are also discussed. Throughout the course, a managerial viewpoint is stressed. Cases are used.
Waiver Requirements: Waiver requests for ACC 552 may be submitted based on academic experience, professional experience or professional designation only. A waiver exam is not offered.
Waiver Request based on Academic Experience: Two undergraduate courses in managerial (not financial) accounting are required. Coursework must consist of two undergraduate courses (one introductory course such as ACC 301 or equivalent and one intermediate course such as ACC 315 or equivalent) or one equivalent graduate level course.
Waiver Request based on Professional Experience: Extensive experience will be considered if it includes experience with design or implementation of costing systems.
Waiver Request based on Professional Designation: Certified Public Accountants (CPA), Chartered Accountants (CA) and Certified Management Accountants (CMA) will automatically be waived from ACC 552 with documentation; however they may choose to take and receive credit for this course.
Course Description: MAP is a field study program in which teams of students apply structured problem solving techniques to analyze multidisciplinary business problems or opportunities and make recommendations for improvements. It is a unique feature of the Ross MBA program — the action learning experience it provides is central to the School's curriculum.
Students learn how businesses apply and integrate multiple functions and gain an appreciation of the value of teamwork through an intense hands-on project at a sponsoring company. Students do not enroll in additional course work during MAP due to time obligations and intensive group work.
Waiver Requirements: Waiver requests for BA 553 (MAP) may be submitted based on academic or professional experience only. Waiver requests are not accepted based on professional designation. A waiver exam is not offered. This program represents 7.5 credit hours towards a student's degree. As such, the hurdle is high to show that a student has covered the material previously. The criteria will be the learning objectives for MAP.
Waiver Request based on Academic Experience: Students must demonstrate that they have met the MAP learning objectives through previous course work.
Waiver Request based on Professional Experience: Students must demonstrate that they have met the MAP learning objectives through previous work experience. Relevant work experience might include: work on multidisciplinary teams, work involving rigorous problem solving and data-driven decision making, and substantial experience on problem solving or opportunity-creating projects.
Detailed guidelines on how and when to apply for a waiver are provided by the MAP Office in late October.
Course Description: This course provides students with the foundations of microeconomic analysis. The primary objective is to develop the abilities of students to apply fundamental microeconomic concepts to a wide range of managerial decisions, as well as public policy issues. Foundation topics include: costs and supply behavior of the firm; consumer behavior and market demand; market forces, price formation and resource allocation; international trade and trade restrictions; and, market power and price-setting behavior. Students will also be introduced to more advanced aspects of microeconomic analysis. Advanced topics include: decision-making with risk and imperfect information; oligopoly and game theory; and, complex pricing strategies.
Waiver Requirements: Waiver requests for BE 502 may be submitted based on academic experience only. Waiver requests are not accepted based on professional experience or professional designation. A waiver exam is not offered.
Waiver Request based on Academic Experience: Students who were undergraduate economics majors within the past 7 years will be waived based on: (1) GPA of "B" or better for undergraduate economic courses, and (2) list of courses appearing on the transcript must include intermediate microeconomics. Waiver petitions from non-economics majors will be considered on a case-by-case basis. The faculty will consider both the number of microeconomics classes taken and the grades received.
Course Description: The course is primarily devoted to the principles of financial valuation. We will first discuss the concept of present value in extensive detail, and then apply the principles of valuation to value (a) real projects (or what is commonly referred to as capital budgeting) and (b) financial securities (stocks and bonds) under certainty. Since financial decision-making virtually always involves risk and uncertainty, we will then introduce the concept of risk, and the relation between risk and return. We will integrate our knowledge of cash flows with our understanding of risk to modify capital budgeting techniques in the presence of risk and uncertainty. The course concludes with an introductory treatment of the effects of financing on capital budgeting decisions. Although the concepts of competitive capital markets and market efficiency will not be covered in a separate session, they will be woven in the fabric of the course. Please note that students may not take both FIN 503 and 513 for credit.
Waiver Requirements: FIN 503 may be waived only by exam. Waiver requests will not be accepted based on academic or professional experience, or professional designation. A waiver exam for this course will be offered before the beginning of the Fall term.
Waiver Exam: This exam will test you on the fundamentals of Financial Management & Policy. The basic concepts that will be covered are: Time Value of Money, Capital Budgeting, Risk and Return and Efficient Markets Hypothesis. A good way to prepare for this exam is to review Chapters 1 through 14 of Corporate Finance by Ross, Westerfield and Jaffee, 10th Edition (ISBN=978-0-07-803477-0). Please gauge your knowledge of the topics by doing as many problems as you can. You may consider taking the waiver exam if you have had a graduate-level finance course and 2 to 3 years of work experience in the finance field. Students should carefully review the FAQ information for FIN 503 when considering this waiver exam. The Waiver Exam Schedule lists the date, time and location of the exam.
Incoming students who waive out of ACC 502 may apply to take FIN 513: Financial Analysis during Fall term in place of taking FIN 503 in Fall B.
Course Description: Financial Analysis --- This course is primarily devoted to fundamentals of financial analysis as applied to both corporate finance and financial markets. On the corporate side, the course deals with capital budgeting in great detail. Capital budgeting criteria (NPV, IRR) and cash flow estimation are discussed. The concept of risk is then introduced and the CAPM is used to derive cost of equity and then, the weighted average cost of capital. The course also provides as introductory treatment of the effects of financing on capital budgeting decisions. On the financial markets side, the course introduces the student to the concepts of competitive capital markets and market efficiency. The workings of the financial markets are explored using the trading room. The principles of equity valuation are also covered. Finally, term structure and bond valuation are discussed.
Course Description: Marketing management is a complex business function which requires both knowledge and skill in strategy formulation and implementation. It necessitates a systematic and disciplined approach, which employs the appropriate selection of tools, analyses, and logical reasoning. This course helps you develop a broad knowledge of the core marketing concepts and tools - both strategic and tactical. Using cases, discussions, and other experiential activities, it provides you with opportunities to apply these marketing concepts and tools.
Waiver Requirements: Waiver requests for MKT 503 may be submitted based on academic and professional experience. Waiver requests are not accepted based on professional designation. A waiver exam is not offered.
Waiver Requests based on Academic Experience: Undergraduate coursework and prior work experience will be considered in requests to waive this course. Completion of a graduate-level course on marketing management and strategy will also be considered. The course must be similar to the marketing core course and completed with a grade of "B" or better. Provide a note detailing the topics that were covered in the course, a copy of the course syllabus and the name of the textbook that was used.
Course Description: Leading People and Organizations prepares you to lead high-performing, successful groups and organizations and seeks an understanding of human behavior to enhance management practice. The primary objective of this course is to provide you with rigorous, analytical frameworks for understanding how to diagnose organizational problems, develop solutions that appreciate the complexity of your organizational context, and lead your group or organization in the implementation of more effective strategy and action. You will learn how to influence others without relying on formal power and authority, negotiate and make effective decisions in uncertain and complex environments, as well as how to build and utilize your social capital. You will learn how to effectively manage conflict, organize, and lead teams. Finally, you will develop skills that enable you to manage organizational boundaries, initiate and drive organizational change, and align people and organizational processes in ways that enable your organization to thrive in today's dynamic, competitive, and global marketplace.
Waiver Requirements: Waiver requests for MO 503 may be submitted based on academic experience only. Waiver requests are not accepted based on professional experience or professional designation. A waiver exam is not offered.
Waiver Request based on Academic Experience: Undergraduate coursework and prior work experience are not sufficient to waive this course. To waive, completion of a graduate-level course on individual and organizational-level behavior (both must be addressed) is required. Courses must be similar to the MO core course and have been completed in the past 5 years with a grade of "B" or better. Provide a note detailing the topics that were covered in the course, a copy of the course syllabus and the name of the textbook that was used.
Course Description: This course covers simple probability and random variables, estimators and sampling distributions, confidence intervals and hypothesis testing, and statistical modeling using simple and multiple linear regression. The course prepares students for later applications in economics, marketing, finance, and operations. It is divided into three modules: introduction to probability, statistical inference, and statistical modeling. Students should also be able to use and interpret the covariance, correlation, and regression output from Excel, because we use that software and some waiver exam questions will ask students to interpret and use it.
Textbook: Groebner D.B., Shannon P.W., and Fry, P.C, Business Statistics: A Decision-Making Approach, Pearson, 9th edition, 2014. The course covers major portions of chapters 4-9, and 14-15. The intent is to train students to hypothesize, construct, test, revise, interpret and use statistical models of business realities.
Waiver Requirements: TO 502 may be waived by exam only. Waiver requests are NOT accepted based on academic or professional experience, or by professional designation. A waiver exam for this course will be offered before the beginning of the Fall term. Note that only one exam time will be offered per year.
If you are interested in taking the waiver exam please email RossAcadServices@umich.edu.
To take the exam, you must register at least 72 hours before the exam.
Access to the exam website will only be enabled for registered students.
You will not be able to register on-site.
In the last three years, very few students have passed the exam successfully. They all had either: (1) a good introductory statistics course and substantial statistical experience at work; and/or (2) two or more 14-week courses in statistics, including at least one or two courses in addition to the introductory class. Students should carefully review the FAQ information for TO 502 when considering this waiver exam. The Waiver Exam Schedule lists the date, time and location of the exam.
The exam will be conducted electronically, on Canvas, the university's learning management system. Students are expected to have an internet-connected laptop with Microsoft Excel for Windows. Students should be prepared to use Excel for statistical calculations along the lines of the exercises in the textbook. Blank sheets of paper will be provided for you to do rough calculations, but all answers must be entered in the online test system.
Calculators are not necessary because Excel can be used for all calculations. Statistical tables will not be provided; students are expected to use Excel to obtain statistical information as described in the textbook.
To take the exam, you must register at least 72 hours before the exam. Access to the exam website will only be enabled for registered students. You will not be able to register on-site. Please e-mail RossAcadServices@umich.edu as soon as possible.
Course Description: All value in society is generated by transforming one set of things into other, different things. Without such transformations, there would be no wealth creation and no rationale for business. Operations management is the design and management of those transformation processes. In this course, we will provide a framework for systematically examining and understanding operation management issues. We will also expose you to a few of the most important tools and practices that are useful in managing manufacturing and service production systems.
experience only. Waiver requests are not accepted based on professional designation. A waiver exam is not offered.
Waiver Request based on Academic Experience: To waive this course, at least 6 credit hours of prior course work in operations management are required. The courses must have been taken within the past 7 years with a letter grade of "B" or better in each one. Model-oriented operations research or management science courses are not considered to be operations management courses.
Waiver Request based on Professional Experience: Extensive operations management experience will be considered in lieu of no more than 3 credit hours of course work. Waiver requests must be accompanied with relevant transcripts and, if applicable, documentation of prior operations management work experience.
Course Description: This course focuses on the job, perspective, and skills of the general manager in diagnosing what is critical in complex business situations and finding realistic solutions to strategic and organizational problems. The course provides a total business perspective, and thus serves as a foundation on which to build expertise in various functional areas.
Course Description: The march of globalization continues, and international markets are pivotal to the operations of virtually all corporations. As companies intensify their international presence, the need to understand the economic and political challenges associated with the global environment increases. Such challenges are the focus of this course. This course explores the theories and concepts that are crucial to understanding the global location and structure of industries, the politics of trade and investment, and the impact of globalization on firm strategy. Various learning methods are used in the course, including in-class lectures, discussion of current events in the world economy, and case analysis.
As part of the core requirements, students must complete or waive out of either a Business Law or an Ethics course during their MBA program. Students enrolled in the dual JD/MBA program or who have a Juris Doctor are exempt from this requirement and may not take Business Law courses for credit without instructor permission.
Please note: The following Business Law and Ethics courses are electives only and do not meet the Law/Ethics requirement: BL 510, BL 532, and BL 688. EFFECTIVE FALL 2013: BA 512 will no longer be offered. BL 536 will fill this requirement, and it is a 2.25 credit course.
*Effective Fall 2013: BL 536: Ethics of Corporate Management (formerly BA 512) is a 2.25 credit class. This class is cross-listed with NRE 512.
Waiver Requirements - Business Law: Waiver requests may be submitted based on academic experience or professional designation. Waiver requests are not accepted based on professional experience. A waiver exam is not offered.
Waiver Request based on Academic Experience: Waiving the business law requirement entails completion of graduate courses in business law with demonstration of sophisticated knowledge of legal concepts, standards, systems and institutions in the context of business entities and commercial transactions. Factors that will be considered before granting a waiver request include: how recently the graduate courses were taken, the number of graduate courses, the depth and rigor of the graduate courses, the student's performance in the graduate courses and, if the graduate courses were taken in a non-US. jurisdiction, whether the topics covered were sufficiently international in scope to provide understanding of both code and common law legal systems. Please provide a copy of your transcript with the relevant graduate courses highlighted together with copies of your syllabi for the graduate courses.
Waiver Request based on Professional Designation: Students enrolled in the joint JD/MBA program or who have a Juris Doctor are exempt from this requirement and may not take Business Law courses for credit unless they obtain permission from the instructor.
Waiver Requirements - Ethics: Waiver requests may be submitted based on academic experience only. Waiver requests are not accepted based on professional experience or professional designation. A waiver exam is not offered.
Waiver Request based on Academic Experience: Waiving the ethics requirement requires that a student has had a graduate business ethics course that considered contemporary business ethics theories including social contract (Donaldson & Dunfee and/or Keeley), rights-based (Werhane), stakeholder (Freeman), virtue (Solomon or Shaw) and multiple alternative (Hosmer) theories among others. If a course from philosophy, theology or jurisprudence included these business ethics theories, they may be acceptable depending upon the extent of coverage. Clearly not acceptable are courses in professional ethics such as law or accounting; neither are generalized discussion courses on business ethics without the above referenced theoretical material. Waiver requests must include a copy of your transcript with the relevant graduate courses highlighted, as well as copies of your syllabi for the graduate courses.
In addition to your core courses, you must fulfill a communication requirement. This communication requirement can be fulfilled through coursework or a waiver exam. The exam is only offered once per year, in mid-July through mid-August; students may only take the exam during this period, though they may take it more than once while they are enrolled at Ross. This flexibility in test taking, as well as flexibility in course options that satisfy the requirement, allow students to select the option that best fits their curriculum objectives.
Taking and passing one of these classes satisfies the requirement. Other communication classes may be taken as electives, but they do not satisfy the requirement.
The communication waiver exam is a managerial writing test and is different from the GMAT Analytical Writing Assessment, which is an academic writing test. The waiver exam is directly related to the kind of on-the-job writing that MBAs will encounter in their careers. It presents students with a communication case, in which a critical management situation requires a written, persuasive response. For example, students may be asked to persuade top management to keep a sales training program or to motivate an employee to improve performance. The exam is a timed test, in which students have four hours to read a case, write a response, and upload it to the test site.
Responses are evaluated with the following question in mind: To what extent does this response demonstrate effective selection, development, and organization of content; control of language that enhances credibility and conveys content clearly; and employment of persuasive strategies that achieve management goals?
The communication waiver exam is offered prior to the start of each Fall term (typically in mid-July through mid-August). MBA students (including Duals) may take the exam during one of these exam periods at any point in their education. Students may re-take the exam without penalty. If a student does not pass the Communication waiver exam during one of the available periods, the requirement must be satisfied with coursework.
Students will need their uniqname and password to access the waiver exam via this website. A practice test is available at the same location. While you can take the practice test at any time, the actual 2015 waiver exam will only be available from July 20 (opening at 12:01 am) through August 24 (closing at 11:59 pm).
For further details about the Communication Requirement and Communication courses, please review the Communication website.


Walmart took a big step forward in the battle for the future of retail. In a world where Amazon continues to win the fight for consumer attention big players like Walmart are experimenting with interactive view to stand out.
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer agreed to create a short-form original series for Walmart's ad-supported streaming service, Vudu. Interactive storytelling tool Eko Studio will power the content.
Everyone knows that Amazon single-handedly disrupted the retail industry, but will others follow suit to keep their stores open?
At Rerun, we believe professional storytellers like Walmart need new technologies to directly connect with, and hold their audience's attention, in an ever-increasingly noisy world. We can't wait to see what comes out of this partnership.
There you have it, the top links of the week!
Share the knowledge and forward this weekly Rerun hug with your friends and co-workers.


Another year is coming to an end. ICES was started in 2008 and 2018 will be our 10th anniversary! We have seen an astonishing development in the area over the ten years and ICES has grown from 6 to 30+ members! It is fascinating to think about what the future may bring. We would like to point out a few upcoming events to be earmarked in your calendars! We wish you a Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year!
The much appreciated test course is back, it is a one day course on Software Testing - Fundamentals and Emerging Technologies. Date: March 22nd 2018. For registration and more information see the event on ICES homepage. This event is open and the price is reduced for members.
The 2017 Safety conference was a great success and the program for the 2018 is now shaping in a promising way! Reserve May 21-22 in your calendar! See the 2018 conference link here! The event is open but there is a conference fee.
Embedded systems are evolving rapidly, with challenging applications and changing architectures. Learn and discuss predictability and other important properties can be achieve for future systems – Reserve June 8th, preliminary for 09.00-13.00. More info.
ICES has soon been active as a center for 10 years! Reserve September 3rd!
Cyber-physical systems are undergoing radical shifts. One particular challenge is related to the guarantee of overall system dependability, while having more stochastic operational environments as well as more complex systems. The competence group brings together expertise from industry and academia, in the fields centered on safety engineering. The aim is also to encourage the establishment of a forum for communicating related trends and work directions. You are welcome to join!


Our 2 inch ultimate ratchet strap features ratchet buckle with removable ratchet spread bar, which enables truck trailer drivers to release webbing at least 80% faster than regular ratchet buckle, this is important especially under low temperature work environment, besides, you can continue to use webbing with rough edges, and knotted, cut or even broken webbing can be used without problems, of course you need to make sure the webbing still has the marked strength before put it to use.
If you have extra replacement straps lying around, you may check out the ultimate ratchet buckle without long strap.
Our ratchet straps meet or exceed DOT and CHP requirements for truck tie downs.
Fixed End Length: 1 ft.
Long End Length: 27 ft.
2 inch Ratchet Straps Wire Hooks 27 ft.
3 inch Ratchet Strap Chain Extension 30 ft.
4 inch Ratchet Strap Chain Extension 30 ft.


text:
Subject We need to exterminate 90% of humankind
Posted by itchyNADZ
Posted on 04/02/06 11:32 PM
Scientists cheer holocaust wish
Texas academy honors professor who wants
90% of human race exterminated by ebola
5:45 p.m. Eastern
What would happen if a world-renowned scientist and evolutionary ecologist told hundreds of his colleagues that 90 percent of the human race needed to be wiped out by exposure to ebola or some other deadly virus?
Apparently, according to a scientist who claims to have witnessed such a remarkable event one month ago, the fiend would get a standing ovation and an award.
That's the story being told by Forrest Mims III, a member of the Texas Academy of Science, chairman of its environmental science section and editor of the Citizen Scientist.
The speech Mims heard was delivered by Eric R. Pianka, a lizard expert from the University of Texas. It is recounted in detail in the latest issue of the Citizen Scientist.
"We're no better than bacteria," Mims quoted Pianka as saying in his condemnation of the human race, which, he claimed, is overpopulating the Earth.
The only way to save the planet for the rest of the species is to reduce the human population to 10 percent of its current number.
"He then showed solutions for reducing the world's population in the form of a slide depicting the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse," writes Mims. "War and famine would not do, he explained. Instead, disease offered the most efficient and fastest way to kill the billions that must soon die if the population crisis is to be solved. Pianka then displayed a slide showing rows of human skulls, one of which had red lights flashing from its eye sockets. AIDS is not an efficient killer, he explained, because it is too slow. His favorite candidate for eliminating 90 percent of the world's population is airborne Ebola (Ebola reston), because it is both highly lethal and it kills in days, instead of years. However, Professor Pianka did not mention that Ebola victims die a slow and torturous death as the virus initiates a cascade of biological calamities inside the victim that eventually liquefy the internal organs."
Pianka notes in the online syllabus for his Diversity and Ecology class that the deadly form of Ebola – Ebola zaire – that has killed nine out of the 10 people infected currently only spreads by direct contact with infected blood, while Ebola reston, the close relative that currently kills only monkeys, is an airborne virus. Evolution, he says, will in time result in an airborne form fatal to humans.
Mims notes that when Pianka finished his remarks, the audience of fellow scientists and students burst out in sustained applause.
During a question-and-answer sessions, the audience laughed approvingly when Pianka offered the bird flu as another vehicle toward achieving his goal. They also chuckled when he suggested it was time to sterilize everyone on Earth.
"What kind of reception have you received as you have presented these ideas to other audiences that are not representative of us?" asked one member of the audience.
"I speak to the converted!" Pianka replied.
Mims said he spoke glowingly of the police state in China that enforces a one-child policy.
"Smarter people have fewer kids," Mims quoted Pianka as saying.
Following the question-and-answer session, Mims says "almost every scientist, professor and college student present stood to their feet and vigorously applauded the man who had enthusiastically endorsed the elimination of 90 percent of the human population. Some even cheered. Dozens then mobbed the professor at the lectern to extend greetings and ask questions."
Mims notes five hours later, the Texas Academy of Science presented Pianka with a plaque in recognition of his being named 2006 Distinguished Texas Scientist.
"When the banquet hall filled with more than 400 people responded with enthusiastic applause, I walked out in protest," he writes.
We need to exterminate 90% of humankind itchyNADZ 04/02/06 11:32 PM
start by killing yourself. -nt- part of the solution.. gotta start somewhere -j/k- Anonymous 04/04/06 09:01 AM
I agree that we are excessivly overpopulating the Earth... Death Knight 04/03/06 07:48 AM
BIRD FLU -nt- COMING SOON! postamessage 04/03/06 01:10 AM
Pandemic Fever *nt* Catch It! wildcat 04/03/06 02:51 AM
Humankind is gay -nt- Buveed 04/03/06 00:52 AM
I have another unbiased news source for you jajig 04/03/06 00:11 AM
I like to take my time and kill one at a time. postamessage 04/02/06 11:57 PM
Kill politicians and lawyers Cereal Killer 04/03/06 11:53 AM
A hooker is a college slut that graduated -nT- itchyNADZ 04/03/06 00:26 AM
The only difference between the two Snowball 2 04/03/06 00:01 AM
College sluts are more expensive *nt* Bar tab wildcat 04/03/06 00:10 AM
House parties -n-t $5 keg cup is all you need Snowball 2 04/03/06 00:29 AM


text:
(3177) Chillicothe es un asteroide perteneciente al cinturón de asteroides, descubierto el 8 de enero de 1934 por Henry Lee Giclas desde el Observatorio Lowell, en Flagstaff, Estados Unidos.

Designación y nombre
Designado provisionalmente como 1934 AK. Fue nombrado Chillicothe en homenaje a la ciudad estadounidense Chillicothe de Ohio.

Véase también
 Lista de asteroides del (3101) al (3200)
 Cuerpo menor del sistema solar

Referencias

Asteroides del cinturón principal
Objetos astronómicos descubiertos por Henry Lee Giclas
Objetos astronómicos descubiertos desde el Observatorio Lowell
Objetos astronómicos descubiertos en 1934
Wikiproyecto:Asteroides/Artículos de asteroides

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Welcome to IzzyLou Studios, Inc.
IzzyLou Studios, Inc. is now offering a number of workshops, individual, and group coaching services. We continue to offer PM and Six Sigma services to all companies. All consultants are certified in Six Sigma and/or PM.
IzzyLou Studios, Inc. has a patent pending method for visual documentation. Visually document roles, functions, processes, architecture and even job descriptions. Crossover all languages, and levels of education.
At IzzyLou Studios, Inc. we succeed because we listen. First document things as they are, then listen, to your SMEs, Clients and stakeholders, and create the TO BE process from the visions of others. Remember it isn't about you it's about your clients!
A new way to use podcasting!!! Give it a try.
Do you need more time for hands-on, engaging, 21st century activities with your students? Try creating a podcast of a lecture you would normally present during the class period. Assign this to students as homework and use your class time for engaging 21st century activities with students.
IzzyLou Studios, Inc. can help your organization excel by providing the professional development and consulting services you need. Our experienced consultants get to know each client and their environment to take your visions and make them reality.
What are we up to?News General information on current projects.
IzzyLou Studios, Inc. is providing Adult mentoring, instruction, and knowledge in multiple states, environments and industries. Click here to read more.


Great interaction with the dealer drove 7 hours for a hard to find vehicle. Vehicle did have structural damage and price was sufficiently adjusted to cover repairs.
Great Job by Maria, Doug & Sarah !!!! This dealership is the best!!!! Car was spotless & was able to pick up within hours!! I would have rated a ten but didn't have that option.
The Service Department treat customers very cordially and respectfully. They take care of all the details making the experience of having your car repaired very comfortable. They gave me peace of mind.


For the St. Louis Metro Area, Don't Take A Chance With Your Health...Or the Health of Your Family. It's that simple. Black mold after a fire, flooding or even inclement weather can not only ruin your home, but damage the long term health of you and your family. And yet, finding and removing this black mold is often challenging, requiring professional expertise. If you're anywhere in the St. Louis metro area, or within the communities of Colinsville, Belleville, Kirkwood, Fairview Heights, Webster Groves, Arnold, or O'Fallon, call Disaster Restoration Pros for any black mold inspection.
We'll provide definitive assessment, treatment and removal of this extremely dangerous threat to your health and safety, as well as to the value of your property. We have never failed a post-remediation test.
What does that mean? We get the mold out, the first time-correctly and completely, with seasoned technical experts who are committed to doing the job right. With hundreds of satisfied customers and the range of services you need to handle water extraction, mold inspection and removal, Disaster Restoration Pros has your solution. We even handle smoke damage restoration as well.
Have you inspected your crawlspace or basement for mold recently? Have you endured a fire, flood, or other disaster that may have left significant, undetected damage lurking underneath your floorboards...or in areas of your home that you might not see or utilize every day? Disaster Restoration Pros can make the concrete assessment necessary to bring you peace of mind...and complete restoration to your home. Whether it's smoke or water damage, we have the techniques and experience to help.
500 Post Mitigation Air Quality Clearance Tests..
Mold develops where there is excess water and moisture. The most effective way to protect your family and property from the threat of mold is to have it dried immediately by a professional mitigation company. Disaster Restoration Pros offers black mold removal services to stem the tide of black mold, as well as cleaning and sanitation, including black mold and mildew odor removal to restore your home or business to its original state. Our professional deodorization techniques erase black mold and mildew odors. Removal of black mold and mildew can be a serious endeavor, and Disaster Restoration Pros has the expertise and technology for the job.
Efforts by well-meaning homeowners can exacerbate black mold growth instead of beginning black mold remediation. Bleach removes topical growth but doesn't address the underlying moisture problem. Using UV light or high-heat drying has only temporary benefits and can be harmful to people, pets, wood, plastics, and plants. And, consumers are often confused by thinking that mold-resistant means mold-proof. It does not. Disaster Restoration Pros black mold removal services are comprehensive, encompassing black mold remediation, black mold and mildew odor removal, as well as cleaning and sanitation.
We team up with environmental hygienists and laboratories, and work to accurately diagnose the damage and protect families from potentially dangerous black mold situations. Using the latest technology, Disaster Restoration Pros black mold remediation experts first identify the moisture source and extent of the problem, and then work with care and sensitivity to rescue and restore the area to healthy conditions.
Once the area has been restored to healthy conditions, Disaster Restoration Pros professionals then shift their attention to black mold and mildew odor removal. Our professional deodorization techniques will leave your home or business fully restored.
When every minute counts and customer satisfaction is critical, you want experienced people you can rely on. Disaster Restoration Pros professionals are trained and certified to the highest standards in the industry and are ready to respond immediately - 24 hours a day, 7 days a week - to mitigate loss and meet virtually every challenge with professionalism, reliability, compassion and respect.
We recognize that the invasion of black mold not only eats away at property, but can jeopardize human health, and we do whatever it takes to remove this hazard with minimal disruption to the occupants. Our black mold remediation process benefits property and people.
We do not call it a day until the customer tells us we've met or exceeded their expectations. You will feel as if we have come to the rescue and see us as we are - The Disaster Restoration Pros.
Receive an email? Click here to unsubscribe.