text:
Q: sscanf to convert to a long integer Can anyone explain the output of the lines below:
sprintf(tempStr,"%s%2s%s",year_str,month_str,day_str);
count=sscanf(tempStr,"%ld%s",&tempout,other);

It creates a numeric date, using day, month and year values.
But, how does it convert the numeric value to a long integer?
For e.g.: Can you tell me, if the year, month and day are 2016, 02, and 08, then what would be the output value in tempout.
Here, is how the input is taken:
    char date_str[20];

    char day_str[2];
    char month_str[2];
    char year_str[2];

    time_t now;
    struct tm* current_time;

    /* get current time */
    now = time(0);

    /* convert time to tm structure */
    current_time = localtime(&now);

    /* format day string */
    sprintf(day_str,"%02d",current_time->tm_mday);

    /* format month string */
    sprintf(month_str,"%02d",current_time->tm_mon + 1);

    /* format year string */
    sprintf(year_str,"%d",current_time->tm_year);

    /* assemble date string */
    sprintf(date_str,"%s%2s%s",year_str,month_str,day_str);

The output of this when I run it (using http://cpp.sh/), I get is:

1160208

whereas I thought it should be:

20160208.

In some other context, there is a line below, Which is also 116 if the year is 2016:
sprintf(year_str,"%02d",options.year - 1900);
Here, date_str is the tempStr mentioned above, hence, the input is: 1160208

A: The format specifier %ld is for implicitly typecasting the numeric value to long int, whereas, %d is for int alone.
Edit:
I ran your code now, using the following data types of the variables mentioned therein:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
int main()
{
 char tempStr[100];
 char year_str[5];
 char month_str[3];
 char day_str[3];
 long int tempout;
 char other[100];
 int count;

 strcpy(year_str, "2016");
 strcpy(month_str ,"02");
 strcpy(day_str ,"08");

 sprintf(tempStr,"%s%2s%s",year_str,month_str,day_str);
 count=sscanf(tempStr,"%ld%s",&tempout,other);

 printf("tempStr: %s\ntempout: %ld\n", tempStr,tempout);
}

Then only did I understand what your concern is, the output is showing:

tempStr: 20160208
tempout: 20160208

Clearly, we can see that the problem here is in sprintf and not in sscanf.
The format specifier %s%2s%s that you have given to sprintf means that you want to concatenate the three strings, year_str, month_str and day_str namely, without any character ('/', space or a '-') in between them. The 2 in %2s only means a padding of two spaces only where it is possible.
This means that when sscanf will try to read a long int into tempout it will read 20160208 as one number doing rightly what it is meant to do.
You therefore have to add a character such as space - or / between year, month and day and everything will work fine:
sprintf(tempStr,"%s %2s %s", year_str,month_str,day_str);

New output now is:

tempStr: 2016 02 08
tempout: 2016

Edit2:
If you look at the Man Page of localtime() you will see that the ranges of the members of the struct tm are:

tm_mday
The day of the month, in the range 1 to 31.
tm_mon
The number of months since January, in the range 0 to 11.
tm_year
The number of years since 1900.

Which explains the addition of 1 in sprintf(month_str,"%02d",current_time->tm_mon + 1); so similarly, 1900 should be added to current_time->tm_year for correct output:
sprintf(year_str,"%d",current_time->tm_year+1900);


text:
package org.eclipse.emf.cdo.internal.net4j.protocol;

import org.eclipse.emf.cdo.common.branch.CDOBranch;
import org.eclipse.emf.cdo.common.branch.CDOBranchHandler;
import org.eclipse.emf.cdo.common.protocol.CDODataInput;
import org.eclipse.emf.cdo.common.protocol.CDODataOutput;
import org.eclipse.emf.cdo.common.protocol.CDOProtocolConstants;

import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * @author Eike Stepper
 */
public class LoadBranchesRequest extends CDOClientRequest<Integer>
{
  private int startID;

  private int endID;

  private CDOBranchHandler handler;

  public LoadBranchesRequest(CDOClientProtocol protocol, int startID, int endID, CDOBranchHandler handler)
  {
    super(protocol, CDOProtocolConstants.SIGNAL_LOAD_BRANCHES);
    this.startID = startID;
    this.endID = endID;
    this.handler = handler;
  }

  @Override
  protected void requesting(CDODataOutput out) throws IOException
  {
    out.writeInt(startID);
    out.writeInt(endID);
  }

  @Override
  protected Integer confirming(CDODataInput in) throws IOException
  {
    int count = 0;
    while (in.readByte() == CDOProtocolConstants.REPLICATE_BRANCH)
    {
      CDOBranch branch = in.readCDOBranch();
      handler.handleBranch(branch);
      ++count;
    }

    return count;
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Check out the special Kids, Tween, and Teen Yoga series events that I have happening!
Kids Yoga is a playful and creative approach to yoga for elementary school aged kids which incorporates active poses, cooperative games, and easily understood explanations of breathing techniques as well as focus, concentration & relaxation activities. Yoga helps to develop focus and self-control, while giving exercise to all systems of the body. No prior yoga experience is necessary.
Minimum of 5 pre-registered students for the full series is required to run the program.
A fun mindful night out for elementary school aged kids, with a creative and engaging approach to KIDS YOGA. Join us as we celebrate with fun and relaxing yoga & activities!
The seasonally themed adventure will include a variety of activities: yoga poses, fun breathing exercises, cooperative games, art activity, snack, guided relaxation, and MORE!
Dates: Held seasonally -click the button below to find the next one coming up.
Investment: $20 one child, $15 each additional child in the household.
Minimum of 10 pre-registered students is required to run the program.
Let go of the pressures and stresses of being a middle school or high school student! Teen Yoga classes incorporate a more adult approach to yoga poses, breath and relaxation. Through discussion, mindful activities and concentration techniques, deeper explanations of yoga concepts are explored in a supportive, fun atmosphere. Classes introduce some more complicated poses, but the main focus is on relaxation and releasing stress through restorative and gentle yoga. Yoga helps to develop focus and self-control, while giving exercise to all systems of the body. No prior yoga experience is necessary.


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Apple Silicon M1 MacBook Pro Review: This Changes Everything
On January 15th, 2008, Steve Jobs pulled a MacBook Air out of a manila envelope and changed laptop computers forever. Blink and you might have missed it: the instant when an entire industry shifted to accommodate a new breed of device that made more sense to more people. And last month, Apple had the audacity to do it again.
It took 12 years and 10 months, but Apple finally has a new "game-changer." Not an incremental update. Not a computer for fanboys. But a true game-changer that will force the industry to re-configure yet again.
The Apple Silicon Macs are a new breed of device. Because while ARM-based computers are not new; highly functional, blazing-fast, ultra-efficient ARM-based computers were a pipe dream until about a month ago. If ARM-based Windows machines represent the first slow, plodding steps of a mutant fish on land, Apple has created a full-blown land mammal.
That's what it feels like using the first Apple Silicon MacBook Pro.
Specs and Price Point
Apple released three Apple Silicon Macs last month, all of them featuring the Apple M1 SOC at their core. There's the M1 MacBook Air that is now completely fanless, the M1 MacBook Pro which boasts a reported 20 hours of battery life in Apple's metrics, and the M1 Mac Mini, the one computer out of this trio that doesn't have to concern itself with battery life.
The review unit we received is the fully upgraded M1 MacBook Pro:
CPU: 8-Core Apple Silicon M1
GPU: 8-Core M1 GPU
ML Processor: 16-core M1 Neural Engine
RAM: 16GB Unified Memory
Storage: 2TB SSD
That extra 1TB of hard drive space adds a lot to the price. If I were recommending a configuration for photographers, I'd tell you to get this same computer with only 1TB of built-in storage instead of 2, which brings the total price down to $1,900.
On the Outside – Nothing's Changed
On the outside, there is almost nothing to distinguish an M1 MacBook Pro from the 13-inch Intel-based machine we reviewed earlier this year. Same chassis, same keyboard, same trackpad, same fingerprint sensor, same webcam (sigh), same Touch Bar (meh), no SD card slot (ugh).
The only thing setting these two computers apart on the outside is the Thunderbolt 3 ports: the top-end Intel Macs still come with 4 ports, while the new Apple Silicon Macs feature only two1. This might be a deal-breaker for some, but if it is, all you have to do is wait. More ports are almost certainly coming to future iterations of the M(x) processor as Apple Silicon is developed further.
Beyond the lack of ports, the computer is identical to its predecessor. The new "Magic" keyboard is among the best on the market, the touchpad is still the most responsive you'll find on a laptop, and the display is bright and color accurate. Based on our measurements using a DataColor Spyder X Elite, you can expect 100% coverage of the Display P3 gamut and 89% coverage of AdobeRGB.
In summary: on the outside, it's business as usual. Nothing much has changed, and while I would have loved to see Apple use this opportunity to reveal the mythical 14-inch MacBook Pro with smaller screen bezels and an even bigger battery, the current design and build quality is still "premium" by any definition, even if it's starting to look a bit dated.
On the Inside – A Revolution
Everything that makes this computer so special is tucked away inside. The Apple Silicon M1 System on a Chip (SOC), combined with some brilliant software from Apple, allows the new MacBook Pro to do things that no Intel-based laptop I've ever owned could do.
The fans almost never turn on, the chassis stays cool to the touch during the most extreme benchmarks, and every app we used—weather it was optimized for Apple Silicon or being emulated in real-time by Apple's Rosetta 2 software—performed better than we expected. This was particularly true of Lightroom Classic, which didn't seem to struggle at all.
To quote a fellow tech editor who purchased the new M1 Mac Mini for himself:
I'm honestly running out of ways to test its limits. I've transcoded 10-bit ProRes 4K video from my EOS R (recorded over HDMI to Ninja V), imported thousands of images into Lightroom Classic (which is obviously still run through Rosetta 2), and run every benchmarking tool I can think of. This thing doesn't bat an eye. Unless I can find a way to get some 8K Raw video from Red, I'm not sure I'll be able to see the limitations.
Our own set of Lightroom Classic and Photoshop benchmarks2 help quantify this performance. While Adobe's apps are more than capable of walloping any computer within walloping distance, the Apple Silicon Mac handled our tests like a champ. The charts below show the results of our standard Lightroom Import, Lightroom Export, and PugetBench benchmarks for both the Intel-based 2020 13-inch MacBook Pro (2.3GhZ Quad-Core i7, 32GB of RAM) and the M1 MacBook Pro, with the new Dell XPS 17 as a high-end reference point.
Keep in mind that the M1 MacBook was using Rosetta 2 to emulate Lightroom Classic and Photoshop 20213 for all of these tests.
Lightroom Import
Lightroom Export
Photoshop Benchmarks
As you can see, M1 Mac beats Intel Mac in every Lightroom benchmark across the board; and while it still lost out in Pugetbench, the margin isn't exactly huge. All this against an Intel MacBook Pro that costs $700 more and has 2x the RAM4. If this is how well the M1 chip runs Lightroom Classic and Photoshop via emulation, fully optimized versions are absolutely going to fly while using a fraction of the power.
Even the Dell didn't outperform the M1 MBP by much in Lightroom, although the discreet graphics card and extra cores made a big difference in PugetBench.
Which, finally, brings us to battery life. To see how the M1 MacBook Pro compared to the Intel-based version, I ran a simple test. I opened Google Chrome and queued up a very very long 4K video on YouTube, with 5 random tabs (mostly Serious Eats recipes) open in another window in the background. I then ran that video full screen for as long as it took to kill the battery.
The Intel Mac drained fully in 5 hours and 27 minutes, which should give you an idea of how much of a battery hog Chrome is. The M1 Mac? It lasted 15 hours and 50 minutes.
Keep in mind that these machines are otherwise identical. In fact, the M1 MacBook Pro was set up using a Time Machine backup of the Intel-based version. Both are running the same software, the same background processes, and both were fully charged and unplugged only moments before hitting "play" on the YouTube video.
15 hours and 50 seconds… IN CHROME. And under normal use, I was frequently able to get two full days of work done without ever having to plug up. I have never been able to say that about any other computer, no matter how lightly I tried to use it. Judging the computer on efficiency alone, it would be a game-changer; pair that with the unprecedented emulation and the performance metrics above, and you've got something that practically demands your attention.
Pros, Cons, and Conclusion
Apple is much further ahead than anybody expected them to be with these 1st generation Apple Silicon devices. Rosetta 2 emulation is so good it's practically invisible, performance exceeds price point by a lot (at least by Apple standards), and efficiency is absolutely mind-blowing. I hoped for "good" with the ARM-based apps, and "usable" with non-optimized apps; I did not expect improved performance at 1/4 the power draw and 3/4 the price.
Phenomenal performance, even with emulated apps
Exceptional battery life
Quiet: the fans almost never turn on
Expected (read: great) Apple build quality
Far better price-to-performance ratio than Intel version
No SD card slot
Slightly dated design
Touch Bar is still "meh"
Only two Thunderbolt 3 ports1
It's always difficult to recommend a first-generation product. The first few iterations of a nascent technology typically bring the most aggressive improvements, and if the M1 is already this good I can't wait to see what the M1X or the M2 bring to the table. What's surprising is that Apple has successfully eliminated every other reason to wait around.
The M1 Macs are not "early adopter" technology. These products are already ready for prime time. Full support for Apple Silicon is already being prioritized by every major developer of creative software, Rosetta 2 is more than capable of taking care of you in the meantime, and the battery life gains alone make the M1 laptops an easy choice over the Intel alternatives.
But whether you need a new Mac right away or you're willing to wait and see what Apple sticks inside the iMac or next-gen 16-inch MacBook Pro, there's one thing I can say without any hesitation: this changes everything.
About the author: DL Cade is an art, science and technology writer, and the former Editor in Chief of PetaPixel. When he's not writing op-eds or reviewing the latest tech for creatives, you'll find him working in Vision Sciences at the University of Washington, publishing the weekly Triple Point newsletter, or sharing personal essays on Medium.
1 Technically, they're USB 4 ports, not Thunderbolt 3.↩
2 Standard Lightroom Import and Export tests are run using 100 61MP Sony a7R IV files and 150 100MP PhaseOne XF files. The Camera RAW Cache is purged and the program is restarted between reach run. Each reported time is based on a minimum of 3 consecutive runs. For Photoshop testing, we use Puget Systems' PugetBench v0.8, because it is the last version to feature the Photo Merge Test. All scores are based on a minimum of 5 consecutive runs.↩
3 We would have loved to run the Photoshop benchmark on the beta version of Photoshop for ARM, which was available as of this writing, but the beta is still missing certain features that PugetBench requires.↩
4 13-inch MacBook Pro with 2.3GHz Quad Core i7, 32GB of RAM, and 2TB SSD costs $2,600. The top-of-the-line M1 MacBook Pro with 1TB of SSD costs $1,900.↩
r/memes – When someone random eats your food… get out

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


A selection of the world's most popular polymer clays from brands including FIMO, Sculpey and Cernit. Each polymer clay differs in its properties very slightly and we recommend you sample across the range if you are embarking on an important project. Find out more about polymer clay from our Blog.


This is a convenient and affordably packaged way to buy local, organic produce in our four sizes. We fill our standard boxes with a variety of seasonal, freshly-picked vegetables as well as some fruits and herbs.
Ordering information: All online orders must be received before Wednesday at 9 PM. This allows us time to process all your orders. You can make an order every week, or whenever you like.
Delivery: All boxes will be delivered to your home on Gabriola Island. We will email you the confirmation of payment and will ask for your address.
Holds/Cancellations: Please call or email us before Wednesday at 9 PM to cancel or put your box on hold.
Contains one bag of salad mix, 2-3 varieties of fruits and vegetables. Good for a single person.
Contains one bag of salad mix and 5-6 varieties of fruits and vegetables. Good for a vegetable loving single person, or couple.
Contains one bag of salad mix and 10 varieties of fruits and vegetables. Good for a vegetable loving couple, or family.
Contains two bags of salad mix and 12 varieties of fruits and vegetables. Good for a big family.
Weekly Email Reminders: We'll email you on Thursday to remind you to pickup your box on Friday.
Discounts & Tips: You'll receive monthly recipes and gardening tips as well as discounts on produce.
If you have any questions, or comments feel free to contact us any time: 250-797-0843 or email us.


An area entirely dedicated to news and updates on events, side events, curiosities of the exhibition. Inside, space for News, Newsletter, Interviews and Press Review.
I read Informativa ai sensi dell'art. 13 del Regolamento (UE) 2016/679 GDPR and I agree.
for "promotional" purposes relating to the sending, by means of computerized or non-electronic means, of communications to inform you about events and fairs and other events deemed to be of interest to them.
for the communication of my data to third parties according to the procedures indicated therein referred to in point 4 "Data communication".


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Certified Diamonds from our Virtual Selection category, and other diamonds that we may source for you, are similarly backed by a 10 Day Money Back Guarantee. Settings containing these diamonds must also be returned within 10 days to be eligible for refund.
If you are not completely satisfied with the diamond for any reason simply call customer service and receive a return authorization number (RA#), a pre-paid FedEx label including insurance, and instructions for securely shipping the diamond back to Whiteflash. Returns must be postmarked within the inspection period which begins the day the diamond is available for you to pick up.
Should your Virtual Selection diamond be part of an order that will not be delivered within the 10 day inspection period, you will have the option to first take delivery of the loose diamond for the purposes of your inspection period and return it to us to complete your order, or you may elect to waive your inspection period so that your order may proceed without delay. Please contact your diamond consultant or customer service for any questions regarding our services or policies.
If for any reason you are not completely satisfied with your purchase, simply return the item to us for your choice of a full refund or exchange.
Jewelry items that have been modified to customer specified requirements (other than normal sizing or engraving), non-catalogue special order items, and full eternity rings are not returnable. Our custom jewelry design service is a step-by-step process that allows for a clear understanding and approval of the design features of the item before production, and are therefore not returnable. *Should a problem be the result of an error on the part of Whiteflash, the item will be returnable.
The return period begins on the date the item arrives at your FedEx hold location, the first day the product would have been delivered should you request a delayed delivery, or on the first day it is ready for in-store pickup. Returns must be postmarked by the last day of the applicable return period.
To initiate a return email us at returns@whiteflash.com to request your RA# (Return Authorization Number), free return FedEx label (domestic shipments only), and return shipping details and packing slip. *Please indicate if the return is for refund or exchange.
For International returns, customers are asked to contact customer service for specific guidance as countries vary in their requirements.
All items shipped and received by Whiteflash are thoroughly inspected under high resolution video cameras according to ISO 9000 quality control procedures. Items must be returned in original condition together with all related documentation.
Upon verification your return will be processed and a refund issued within 10 business days. Your refund will consist of the full purchase price of the refunded item (s), and will be made by either credit card credit or by company check depending on your method of payment.
Thank you for shopping with Whiteflash. We will work hard to earn your business!


I have a thing for mason jars.
They can serve so many purposes. I made some succulent jars this past weekend and actually gifted 4 of them to my Mom for Mother's Day. We all love flowers, but they die in days so I thought this was the perfect alternative. I have been told these are kill proof. Such a great gift idea for teachers, housewarming, friends, new baby, etc. They add so much color to a room and make the perfect indoor plant.
Spray paint mason jars. I used Rustoleum spray paint. Spray paint the jars right side up, let them dry. Then flip over and spray painted the bottom half.
Let dry completely before planting. Add soil, plant.
To prevent mold, add activated carbon inside the jar with the soil.
That's it. I wrapped each jar with twine and had I enough time, I might have printed out some tags for them.
These are super cute. Great way to add a little color to your home too!
Such a cute gift. They could be given away to new mothers, blue for boys and pink for girls.


Gilbert Stanley Underwood designed numerous lovely buildings for the U.S. federal government (most notably for the National Parks Service), somehow slipping by the guardians of mediocrity who usual govern such matters. Probably his most notable building is the Ahwahnee Hotel in Yosemite National Park. His Grand Canyon Lodge on the North Rim is also stunning.
Here are some links. Alas, there aren't many.
Amfac's Grand Canyon Lodge page. These are the folks who now run the place.


Listed on Euronext in Paris (ISIN code: FR0000120354) and eligible for the Deferred Settlement System, Vallourec is included in the following indices: Euronext 100 and SBF 120.
You can buy Vallourec shares from a bank or financial intermediary who will act as custodian of your securities account or equity savings plan (plan d'épargne en actions: PEA). (You have the option of either holding your shares as bearer shares or keeping them in a managed registered account).
You can buy shares through BNP Paribas Securities Services, which manages Vallourec's shareholding services. (You have the option of ho lding your shares in fully registered form).
Please refer to the Section "Registered shares" heading for further information.
The right to information : the company must provide shareholders with regular information on its financial position and all important developments that may cause its share price to fluctuate.
The right to vote : each share has the right to one vote, which the shareholder may exercise to vote on the resolutions put forward to General Meetings of Shareholders.
Double voting rights : shares that have been paid up in full and which can be shown to have been registered for four years in the name of the same shareholder have a voting right that is double that granted to other shares.
The right to participate in transactions involving the company's capital : shareholders benefit from a preferential right to subscribe for shares or be allocated shares in the event of transactions involving the company's capital (unless such rights are withdrawn by a decision taken at a General Meeting of shareholders).


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Gnomes Garden 3: The Thief of Castles Review – No Castle, No Cry
https://www.gamezebo.com/2016/04/26/gnomes-garden-3-thief-castles-review-no-castle-no-cry/
John Bardinelli
https://www.gamezebo.com/author/john-bardinelli/
John Bardinelli on Apr 26, 2016 at 12:00pm
Simple gameplay that's easy to pick up.
Nice variety of building upgrades.
Strict building order means it's easy to get stuck in a stage.
Game starts off really slow.
The princess has returned to her kingdom after making peace with the trolls. Her keen eyes notice something is a little different, however. The castle has disappeared! It turns out there's a wizard who likes to go around miniaturizing things and taking them home as toys. No princess is complete without her castle, so it's time to travel to a distant land and get that thing back!
Gnomes Garden 3: The Thief of Castles is a casual resource management game that's all about efficiency. Levels present you with a maze-like screen of paths running through the field, each blocked off by different types of obstacles. Click to send your workers out to harvest resources, remove piles of rubble, fill in pits, or fix up buildings. Open up new pathways to gain access to new buildings, then use those resources to fix up other structures and complete the level goals. Every step you take eats up valuable time, as does assigning a worker a task. Think before you queue an action and you'll get that castle back in no time!
Doing pretty much anything in Gnomes Garden 3 costs resources, and wouldn't you know it, resources don't grow on trees. Piles of food, stone, and wood dot the landscape, but if you want to repair buildings and level-up your tent, you're gonna need a steady supply. Fix up fisheries, farms, sawmills and quarries to generate piles of each resource over time. Have your workers carry them back as soon as they appear so you can maximize their usefulness. Even simple tasks cost a lot of resources, so there's no room for error.
The focal point of Gnomes Garden 3's challenge is efficiency, and this game is ruthless in making you adhere to that limitation. To get three stars in a level, you can't miss a single click. Paths are constructed to give you the illusion of multiple ways to beat a level, but the designers obviously had a certain order in mind. Deviate from this and you run the real risk of losing a star. Or worse, having to restart the level from scratch. Plan before you send your workers out, and don't upgrade a building unless you're sure you'll need the resources. Even if you're careful you'll still get stuck, forcing you to hit that embarrassing "reset level" button.
Gnomes Garden 3 feels a bit sluggish at the start, but things soon pick up with a new resource to manage, power-ups to activate, and different environments to conquer. The gameplay doesn't deviate much from the original set-up, but the experience feels more satisfying, even with the increased challenge later in the game. It's a simple experience, to be sure, but Gnomes Garden 3 delivers enough lighthearted challenge to keep you clicking until the castle comes home!
Viking Brothers 3 Review: Gods and Gold
Resource Management Time Management
Maggie's Movies Review: Cinematic Surprises
Reviews, The Best
Maggie's Movies Tips, Cheats and Strategies


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My Celebrity The Royal Family
Is Future Duchess Meghan The New Diana? Meghan Makes Secret Charity Trips Like Her
February 14, 2018 February 14, 2018 TGorgiev 0 Comments Meghan Markle, Princess Diana
Future duchess Meghan Markle has only been engaged to Prince Harry for a matter of months, but the future Duchess is already drawing comparisons to Princess Diana as she captures the spirit of the people's princess.
Rumours are spreading that the soon-to-be royal, is keen on to take on as many as possible charitable causes. This conclusion comes after she visited, in secret, a mosque to support people affected by the Grenfell Tower fire.
An insider revealed: "Meghan has regularly been making private visits to organisations as she gets to know the UK charity sector."
Meghan's secret trips remind us of late Diana's midnight visits to see HIV patients and the homeless in the 1980s.
William and Harry also revealed that she used to take them with her in order to show them another, less privileged, side of life.
Prince William revealed that Diana took him to The Passage Homeless Centre when he was only 12-years-old.
During "Diana, Our Mother: Her Life and Legacy," a documentary, a homeless man who met the prince at the time, said: "He said he was quite nervous when he first went but appeared at ease."
The chief executive of the Al Manar mosque, Abdulrahman Sayed, revealed that there were only three trips by members of the royal family after Prince Harry and Prince William visited.
Prince Harry and future duchess Meghan Markle first went on a trip to the Terrence Higgins Trust in Nottingham to shine a light on HIV.
The CEO of the Terrence Higgins Trust, Ian Green, shared that Diana had changed the way people viewed people with HIV. He added: "I can't emphasise enough the impact that Prince Harry and now Meghan will have."
However, Harry's bride-to-be is also known for lending her support to charitable causes.
The former Suits actress became a World Vision Global Ambassador. It was after travelling to Rwanda with the organisation in February 2016.
World Vision's Lara Dewar shared: "Meghan is a true humanitarian. We´re deeply grateful for her contribution as a global ambassador for World Vision over the past two years and for helping to raise awareness for the world´s most vulnerable children."
But, Meghan decided to give up her charitable work so that she could start royal life.
According to Jason Knauf, Prince Harry's communications secretary, Meghan decided to start with a clean slate. "She has made the decision that she wants to start with a clean slate and focus on the UK, and getting to know this country, and travelling around the Commonwealth."
And when it comes to Meghan's fiancé he has to say only the best for her.
He said: "The fact I know that she'll be really unbelievably good at the job part of it as well is obviously a huge relief to me because she'll be able to deal with everything else that comes with it."
"We're a fantastic team, we know we are, and we hope to have as much impact for all the things we care about as possible."
SEE ALSO: Meghan Markle Broke a Major Royal Style! Will Kate Follow?
← Why Is Prince Harry 'VERY IMPORTANT' To The Commonwealth?
Free Luxury Wedding For Couples Named Meghan And Harry!!! →
Prince Harry Admits He Is A Feminist
January 16, 2019 TGorgiev 0
Find Out Which Portrait George Charlotte And Louis Chose For Kate's Birthday
Harry Did The Sweetest Thing For Meghan On The Tour You May Have Missed


Supports the skin's natural ability to hold moisture.
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CertifiedWriters Write Essay Today ReviewsReddit
February 6, 2022 February 6, 2022 Alka Sood
Smokers litter the environment through disposing of the utilised cigarette butts all more than the surroundings.
This careless disposal of litter interferes with the encompassing (Burris one hundred twenty). The cigarette butts form a big component of the litter, about just one million and it detracts from a specified location's aesthetic. If smokers can be in a position to dispose of the cigarette butts in the proper way when in a general public location, then they may be authorized to do their action in the community destinations, but at the moment they need to be banned (Burris 210).
Hence, it is sensible to ban the people who smoke from smoking cigarettes in the general canadianwritings review public areas so as to stay away from littering of the environment. Most of the nations have put laws that prohibit general public smoking simply just because aside from it affecting the non-smokers, it also will make the people who smoke addicts. By this I signify, they cannot keep extensive without lights cigarettes, and this makes it unsuitable for many places. The use of tobacco is also negative for tourism in some elements of the planet since it prohibits firms like the tourism sectors.
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Travelers like smoking cigarettes a ton, and if this legislation is applied, then this law will financially hurt the tourism sector. Smoking in general public leads to soreness to the other general public users and also interferes with the correct to a wholesome office for staff (Mossialos 275). A safe and sound and a thoroughly clean ecosystem lie in the hands of each employer, and it is their obligation to make certain these types of environment is taken care of. Other workers feel all right performing in an atmosphere that there is a whole lot of smoking cigarettes whilst many others just persist due to the fact they just need the work.
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These an act is not good as the proper of the non-people who smoke is not taken into thing to consider. The staff ought to ban smoking in the workplaces at it interferes with the consolation of other workforce.
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The smoke will make the non-people who smoke awkward in the public destinations, and this is a fantastic worry (Mossialos 325). General public smoking also lingers poor odors like that of stale cigarettes. In reality, most of this human being who smokes when they technique the non-smokers, they tend to have a negative scent from their garments. This is a community irritation simply because on getting blended with men and women in particular in personal areas like the elevators, then it, makes them uncomfortable.
The non-people who smoke also practical experience a foul scent that comes from the smoker's breath I which most of the time the poor breath does not vanish immediately even after using tobacco was carried out several hours ago (Henshaw one hundred twenty five). It tends to be so disagreeable to the non-smoker and also so not comfortable for the smoker primarily when they interact. In summary, it is not mistaken for a person to smoke, but when just one smoke in a community put and it interferes with the other users of the general public.
It, hence, need to be banned. Those people cigarette smoking really should know that the passive people who smoke are afflicted by their functions in public and the normal public must be in a position to limit cigarette smoking to be performed in private locations. Smokers ought to respect the health of non-smokers so as to stay away from tobacco use in community spots. The people who smoke ought to also comprehend that not only does it influence the non-people who smoke but their health are also at better threats of receiving the daily life-threatening illnesses.
I assist the banning public smoking cigarettes for the reason that the setting will be cleanse from each the air and the bodily search. Banning of smoking cigarettes will also generate wholesome persons consequently reducing the daily life-threatening conditions that are introduced by this practice. Burris, S. C.
(2013). Public Wellness Regulation Investigate: Idea and Procedures. Professional medical Analysis book, 122-278. Henshaw, V. (2013). Being familiar with and Planning Metropolis Odor Environments.
City Smellscapes, 89-a hundred thirty five. Mossialos, E. (2010). Overall health Units Governance in Europe: The Purpose of European Union Legislation and Coverage. Enterprise and Economics, 266-355. Thirlaway, K. (2014). Promoting Healthy Behaviour: A Useful Manual. Health and fitness and Conditioning, 320-369. Yelding, C. (2010). Own Overall health: Perspectives and Lifestyles. Personal wellbeing and health and fitness, 325-450. ServicesrnExperts in this issue subject are prepared to produce an authentic essay pursuing your instructions to the dot! Employ a WriterrnThe Planet Health and fitness Business estimates that up to one. This father or mother is predicted to rise to much more than one. The Globe Wellness Business also attributed about four million fatalities for each 12 months to the use of tobacco solutions. If urgent measures are not taken to minimize down smoking cigarettes, the selection of folks dying from tobacco-associated complications is approximated to attain eight million every year by the year 2030 (WHO, 2012). If the current craze in cigarette smoking persists, tobacco is established to turn into the broad variety just one killer in the entire world, top to the dying of a lot more people than maternal mortality, road mishaps, homicide, suicide, and HIV/AIDS combined. It is deserving of take note that the penalties of tobacco lie beyond the energetic people who smoke. Harmless bystanders who are uncovered to the smoke, also recognised as passive people who smoke, are also at hazard. Smokers endanger not only their life but people of everybody else all around them. This is a sizeable cause of worry and also rationale adequate to put into practice the ban on community cigarette smoking. This essay can take the position that using tobacco harms peoples' wellbeing and it ought to be prohibited in all general public locations. It is critical the regulations and rules governing this sector are comprehensively scrutinized mainly because the field is very large and for that reason impacts the lives of just about all inhabitants of the United States of America. Different businesses, and most prominently the American Lung Affiliation (ALA), have campaigns aimed at cutting down the range of people today who partake in the destructive routine in the region. They argue that using tobacco and the inflictions connected to the routine accounts for above four thousand fatalities each individual yr throughout the United States. On leading of this higher fee of fatality, the ALA (2016) states that cigarette smoking also costs "the United States around $ninety seven. It is instantly dependable for 87 per cent of lung cancer instances and causes most conditions of emphysema and persistent bronchitis. " As a outcome, the ALA place in location some guidelines and rules via which it aims to handle the sides manufacturing, promotion, and sale of tobacco throughout the region. The Koop/Kessler Advisory Committee on Tobacco and Public Wellness also came up with some suggestions pertaining to the ideal ingestion of cigarette smoke amid Us residents. This endeavor power offered evidence to exhibit that cigarette smoke has predominantly unsafe and injurious results on the wellness of those exposed to it. On top of that, reps of the business, operating in partnership with the office of the lawyer standard proposed some rules that have to be adhered to by any firm that aims to items tobacco merchandise. The American Lung Association then proven a Tobacco Marketing Advisory Committee which is mandated with examining the long run of tobacco promoting. By means of this physique, the ALA can control cigarette commercials by business players and also produces suggestions that it aims to apply in governing product or service advertisements and advertising and marketing strategies of tobacco in the upcoming.
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\section{Introduction}
\vspace{-0.25cm}
Multi-Armed Bandits (MAB) have been a well studied problem in machine learning theory for capturing the exploration-exploitation trade off in online decision making. MAB has applications to domains like e-commerce, computational advertising,  clinical trials, recommendation systems, etc.

In most of the real world applications, assumptions of the original theoretical MAB model like immediate rewards, non-stochasticity of the rewards, etc do not hold. A more natural setting is when the rewards of pulling bandit arms are delayed in the future since the effects of the actions are not always immediately observed. \cite{pmlr-v80-pike-burke18a} first explored this setting assuming stochastic rewards for pulling an arm which are obtained at some specific time step in the future. This setting is called \textit{delayed, aggregated, anonymous
feedback} (DAAF). The complexity of this problem stems from anonymous feedback to the model due to its inability to distinguish the origin of rewards obtained at a particular time from any of the previous time steps.

This work was extended by adding a relaxation to the temporal specificity of observing the reward at one specific time in the future by \cite{pmlr-v75-cesa-bianchi18a}. The reward for pulling an arm can now be possibly spread adversarially over multiple time steps in the future. However they made an added assumption on the non-stochasticity of the rewards from each arm, thereby observing the same total reward for pulling the same arm each time. This scenario of non-stochastic composite anonymous feedback (CAF) can be applied to several applications, but it still does not cover the entire spectrum of applications.

Consider a setting of a clinical trial where the benefits of different medicines on improving patient health are observed. CAF offers a more natural extension to this  scenario than DAAF since the benefits from a medicine can be spread over multiple steps after taking it rather than achieving it all at once at a single time step in the future. However, the improvements effects of the medicine might be different for different patients and thus assuming the same total health improvement for each time using a specific medicine is not very realistic. Inspired from this real world setting, we suggest that a more general bandit setting will be using CAF with the non-stochastic assumption dropped. We study such a MAB setting with stochastic delayed composite anonymous feedback (SDCAF).

For the SDCAF setting, a player has an option to chose one of K actions (bandit arms) at every time step. Once the player picks an action, a reward is generated at random from an underlying reward distribution for that action. Instead of receiving this reward in a single step, it is adversarially spread over this fixed number of time steps after the action was chosen. After every action choice, the player receives the sum total of all the rewards from the previous actions which are due at this particular step. The difficulty of this setting is due to the fact that the player does not know how this aggregated reward has been constituted from the previous actions chosen. Extending algorithms from the theoretical model of SDCAF to practical applications, involves obtaining guarantees on the rewards obtained from them. The regret of the algorithms refers to how much reward was lost on choosing a particular action over the optimal one. We aim to minimize the regret from plays of the bandit.

We present a phase based algorithm for this SDCAF setting which involves running a modified version of the UCB algorithm \cite{Auer:2002:FAM:599614.599677} in phases where the same arm is pulled multiple times in a single phase. This is motivated by the aim to reduce the error in approximating the arm mean due to extra and missing reward components from adjacent arm pulls. We prove sub-linear regret bounds for this algorithm. We also show that a modified version of ODAAF, a phase based improved UCB algorithm proposed in \cite{pmlr-v80-pike-burke18a}, can be used in our setting and achieves sub-linear regret bounds.

\vspace{-0.2cm}
\subsection{Related Work}
\vspace{-0.2cm}
Online learning with delayed feedback has been studied in the non-bandit setting by \cite{Weinberger:2006:DPI:2263240.2266940, Mesterharm2005OnlineLW, Langford:2009:SLF:2984093.2984354,pmlr-v28-joulani13, NIPS2015_5833, Joulani:2016:DOC:3016100.3016143, DBLP:journals/corr/GarrabrantST16} and in the bandit setting by \cite{DBLP:conf/nips/NeuGSA10, pmlr-v28-joulani13, DBLP:conf/aaai/MandelLBP15, DBLP:conf/colt/Cesa-BianchiGMM16, DBLP:conf/uai/VernadeCP17, pmlr-v80-pike-burke18a}. \cite{DBLP:journals/corr/abs-1106-2369} consider contextual stochastic bandits having a reward with a constant delay. The loss function of our setting is a generalization of the loss function of \cite{DBLP:journals/corr/DekelDKP14}. Gaussian process bandits with bounded stochastic delayed rewards were studied in \cite{JMLR:v15:desautels14a}. \cite{pmlr-v80-pike-burke18a} study bandits in the setting of delayed anonymous and aggregated rewards where the rewards are stochastically sampled from a distribution but received at some time step in the future. \cite{pmlr-v75-cesa-bianchi18a} study non-stochastic bandits where the rewards are spread adversarially over some time steps in the future after pulling the arm.

\vspace{-0.2cm}
\section{Problem Definition}
\vspace{-0.2cm}
We consider a MAB setting with $K>1$ actions or arms in the set $A$ of all actions. At each time step $0\le t \le T$, the player chooses an action $i\in A$ and receives some reward depending on his past and current choices. Each action $i \in A$ is associated with a reward distribution $\nu_i$ which is supported in $[0,1]$, with mean $\mu_i$. Let $R_t(i)$ denote the total reward generated on choosing action $i$ at time step $t$ which is drawn from the distribution $\nu_i$. Note that $R_t(i)$ is not received by the player in its entirety at time step $t$, but rather spread over a maximum of $d$ time steps (including current time $t$) in any arbitrary manner. $R_t(i)$ is defined by the sum $\sum_{s=0}^{d-1}R_{t}^{(s)}(i)$ of $d$ components $R_{t}^{(s)} (i) \ge 0$ for $s = 0, \dots , d -1$, where $R_{t}^{(s)} (i)$ denotes the reward component obtained at time $t+s$ if action $i$ was chosen at time $t$. We refer to choosing an action and pulling an arm interchangeably in our analysis and use a similar notation to \cite{pmlr-v75-cesa-bianchi18a} for uniformity.

We define $X_t$ as the collective reward that the player obtains at time $t$. If the player chose action $i_{t-l}$ at time step $(t-l)$ where $l \in \{0,...,d-1\}$, we can write $X_t = \sum_{l=0}^{d-1} R_{t-l}^l(i_{t-l})$, which is the sum of contributions from all  actions which the player chose in the past. Only actions chosen in the past $(d-1)$ time steps affect the current reward $X_t$ obtained. We have $R_{t-l}^{l}(i) = 0$ for all $i$ and $l$ when $t-l < 0$.

\vspace{-0.3cm}
\section{Algorithms}
\vspace{-0.2cm}
We present two algorithms for this setting of SDCAF in Algorithm \ref{alg1} and Algorithm \ref{alg2} respectively. For Algorithm \ref{alg2} we only specify the additional inputs and initialization over Algorithm \ref{alg1}. We first provide the intuition behind the algorithms and then provide a formal regret analysis.

Algorithm \ref{alg1} is a modified version of the standard UCB algorithm and is run in phases where the same arm is pulled multiple times along with maintaining an upper confidence bound on the reward from each arm. More specifically, each phase $m$ consists of two steps. In step 1, the arm with maximum upper confidence bound $i = \argmax_j B_j(m-1, \delta)$ is selected. In step 2, the selected arm $i$ is pulled $k$ times repeatedly. We track all time steps where arm $i$ is played till phase $m$ in the set $S_{i}(m)$. The rewards obtained are used to update the running estimate of the arm mean $\hat{\mu}_i(m)$. The intuition behind running the algorithm in phases is to gather sufficient rewards from a single arm so as to have a good estimate of the arm mean reward. This helps us bound the error in our reward estimate due to extra rewards from the previous phase and missing rewards which seep into the next phase due to delay. For every phase of the algorithm, the selected arm is pulled for a fixed number of times $k$. From our regret analysis, setting $k=O(\sqrt{T/\log(T)})$ achieves sub-linear regret.

Algorithm \ref{alg2} is a modification of the ODAAF algorithm proposed in \cite{pmlr-v80-pike-burke18a}, where we remove the \textit{bridge period} as it has no affect on the confidence bounds in the analysis. This is a modified version of the improved-UCB algorithm from \cite{Auer2010} and run in phases where a set $A$ of active arms is maintained, which is pruned based on the confidence on the arm mean estimates. Each phase $m$ consists of three steps. In the first step, an active arm $i \in A_m$ is sampled and then pulled for $n_m-n_{m-1}$ steps. All time steps where arm $i$ was played in the first $m$ phases are collected in the set $S_i(m)$. In the next step, an updated estimate $X_i(m)$ of the arm mean $\mu_i$ is computed. In the final step, the set of active arms is updated by elimination of arm $j$ if the calculated estimate $X_i(m)$ is $\Tilde{\Delta}_m$ smaller than $\max_{j \in A_m} X_j(m)$. The choice of $n_m$ ensures that with good probability the estimates $X_j(m)$ have bounded error.

We now provide regret analysis for the algorithms and specify the choice of parameters $k$ and $n_m$.

\begin{minipage}{0.50\textwidth}
\begin{algorithm}[H]
\label{alg1}
\caption{Modified UCB}
\SetAlgoLined
\KwInput{A set of arms $\mathbb A = \{ 1, \dots, K\}$ \\ \qquad \quad A time horizon $T$ }
\KwInitial{   $S_i(0)=\phi \ \forall i \in \mathbb A$ \\ \hspace{2.15cm} $t=0$ \\ \hspace{2.15cm} $m=1 \{\text{Phase}\}$}
 \While{ $(m = 1,2,... ) \cap \ (t \le T)$}{
  \textbf{\underline{Step 1}}\\
  \textbf{If} $|S_i(m-1)|=0$ \textbf{then} \\
  \quad $B_i(m-1, \delta) =  \infty $ \\
  \textbf{Else} \\
  \quad $B_i(m-1, \delta) =  \hat{\mu_{i}}(m-1) + \sqrt{\frac{2log(\frac{1}{\delta}) }{T_i(m-1)}} $\\
  \textbf{Fi} \\
  Choose arm $i \in  \argmax_j B_j(m-1, \delta)$ \\
  \textbf{\underline{Step 2}}\\
  $S_j(m) \leftarrow S_j(m-1), \forall \ j \in \mathbb A$ \\
  \textbf{Repeat} k time steps\\
  \qquad Play arm $i$ \\
  \qquad Collect reward $X_t$ at time step $t$ \\
  \qquad $S_i(m) \leftarrow S_i(m) \cup \{t\}$ \\
  \qquad $t \leftarrow t+1$\\
  \textbf{end}\\
  $\hat{\mu_i}(m) = \frac{\sum_{s \in S_i(m)  } X_t}{|S_i(m)|}$ \\
  \vspace{2.5pt}
  $m \leftarrow m+1$
 }
\end{algorithm}
\end{minipage}
\hfill
\begin{minipage}{0.50\textwidth}
\begin{algorithm}[H]
\label{alg2}
\caption{Improved UCB (ODAAF \cite{pmlr-v80-pike-burke18a})}
\SetAlgoLined
\AKwInput{$n_m$ for each phase $m= \{1,2,\dots \}$}
\AKwInitial{ $A_1=A$}
 \While{$(m = 1,2,... ) \cap \ (t \le T)$}{
     \textbf{\underline{Step 1}}: Play arms\\
     \For{$i \in A_m$}{
          $S_j(m) \leftarrow S_j(m-1) , \forall \ j \in \mathbb A$\\
          \While{$|S_i(m)|\le n_m$ \textbf{and} $t \le T$}{
                Play arm i \\
                Receive reward $X_t$ at time step $t$\\
                $S_i(m) \leftarrow S_i(m) \cup \{t\}$\\
                $t \leftarrow t+1$\\
          }
      }
      \textbf{\underline{Step 2}}: Eliminate sub-optimal arms\\
      $X_i(m) = \frac{\sum_{t \in S_i(m)}X_t}{|S_i(m)|} , \ \forall \ i \in A_m$ \\
      $A_{m+1} \leftarrow A_{m}$\\
      \For{$i \in A_m$}{
        \textbf{If} $ X_i(m) + \Tilde{\Delta}_m < \max_{j \in A_m}X_j(m)$ \\
        \quad $A_{m+1} \leftarrow A_{m+1} - \{i\}$ \\
      }
      \textbf{\underline{Step 3}}: Decrease Tolerance\\
      $\Tilde{\Delta}_{m+1} \leftarrow \frac{\Tilde{\Delta}_m}{2}$ \\
      $m \leftarrow m+1$
 }
\end{algorithm}
\end{minipage}

\subsection{Regret Analysis for Algorithm 1}
The regret analysis closely follows from that of the UCB algorithm described in \cite{Bandit_Algorithms_Book}. Without loss of generality we assume that the first arm is optimal. Thus we have $\mu_1=\mu^*$, and define $\Delta_i = \mu^* - \mu_i$. We assume that the algorithm runs for $n$ phases. Let $T_i(n)=|S_i(n)|$ denote the number of times arm $i$ is played till phase $n$. We bound $\mathbb{E}[T_i(n)]$ for each sub-optimal arm $i$. For this we show that the following good event holds with a high probability bound
$$G_i = \bigg\{ \mu_1 \le \min_{m\in [n]} B_{1}(m,\delta)\bigg\} \cap \bigg\{ \hat{\mu}_{i}(u_i) + \sqrt{\frac{2}{T_i(u_i)}log(\frac{1}{\delta})} \le \mu_{1} \bigg\}$$
Here, $G_i$ is the event that $\mu_1$ is never underestimated by the upper confidence bound of the first arm, while at the same time the upper confidence bound for the mean of arm $i$, after $T(u_i)$ observations are taken from this arm, is below the payoff of the optimal arm. We make a claim that if $G_i$ occurs, then $T_i(n) \le T_i(u_i)$. Since we always have $T_i(n) \le T \; \forall i \in A$, the following holds
\begin{equation*}
  \mathop{\mathbb{E}}[T_i (n)]=\mathop{\mathbb{E}}[\mathbbm{1}[G_i] T_i (n)] + \mathop{\mathbb{E}}[\mathbbm{1}[G_i^c]T_i(n)] \le T_i(u_i) + P(G_i^c)T
\end{equation*}
Next we bound the probability of occurrence of the complement event $G_i^c$. We present a lemma to bound the difference between true estimate of mean and the approximate one used in the algorithm.

\begin{restatable}{lemma}{firstLemma}
\label{L1}
If
$
\bar{\mu}_i(m) = \frac{1}{T_i(m)}\sum_{t\in S_i(m)} R_t(i)
$ is an unbiased estimator of $\mu_i$ for $m^{th}$ phase, then the error from the estimated mean can be bound as $\abs{\hat{\mu}_{i}(m) - \bar{\mu}_{i}(m)} \le \frac{d}{k}$ where $S_i(m)$ is the set of time steps when arm $i$ was played and $T_i(n)=|S_i(n)|$.
\end{restatable}
 The proof of Lemma \ref{L1} follows from the fact that in each phase the missing rewards from the current phase and extra reward components from the previous phase can be paired up and the maximum difference that we can obtain between them is at most one. We use Lemma-\ref{L1} to bound $P(G_i^c)$ and obtain \textbf{$k=$} $O(\sqrt{T/\log(T)})$. This gives us an upper bound on the number of times a sub-optimal arm is played $\mathbb{E}[T_i(n)] \le \frac{289\log{(T)}}{4\Delta_i^2} + \frac{d}{2}\sqrt{\frac{T}{\log(T)}} + 2$.

\begin{restatable}{theorem}{firstTheorem}
\label{T1}
For the choice of $k=O(\sqrt{T/\log(T)})$, the regret of Algorithm \ref{alg1} is bounded by $O\bigg(\sqrt{TK\log(T)} + Kd\sqrt{T/\log(T)}\bigg)$.
\end{restatable}
The proof of Theorem \ref{T1} proceeds by plugging in the upper bound on $\mathbb{E}[T_i(n)]$ in the UCB regret analysis. We refer the readers to Appendix \ref{AppendixA} for the detailed regret analysis of Algorithm \ref{alg1} and proofs of Lemma \ref{L1} and Theorem \ref{T1} .

\vspace{-0.2cm}
\subsection{Regret Analysis for Algorithm 2}
\vspace{-0.2cm}
We use the regret analysis from Appendix-F of \cite{pmlr-v80-pike-burke18a} where it is used for the setting of aggregate feedback with bounded delays. A similar analysis works for our setting of SDCAF. For completeness, we restate the analysis components, lemmas and theorems for composite rewards here. We first bound the difference between estimators for the arm mean $\mu_i$
\begin{restatable}{lemma}{secondLemma}
\label{L2}
If $\Tilde{\mu}_i(m)=\frac{1}{T_i(m)}\sum_{t\in S_i(m)}R_t(i)$ is an unbiased estimator for $\mu_i$ in $m^{th}$ phase, then we can bound the difference of $\Tilde{\mu}_i(m)$ with the estimator $X_i(m)$ used in Algorithm \ref{alg2} as $\abs{\Tilde{\mu}_j(m) - X_{i}(m)} \le  \frac{m(d-1)}{n_m} $ where each arm is pulled $n_m$ times till phase $m$, $S_i(m)$ is the set of time steps when arm $i$ was played and $T_i(m)=|S_i(m)|=n_m$,  $X_i(m)$ is the arm mean estimate computed from the delayed reward components.
\end{restatable}
\textbf{Choice of $n_m$}: We use $n_m= O\bigg( \frac{\log(T\Tilde{\Delta}_m^2)}{\Tilde{\Delta}_m^2} + \frac{md}{\Tilde{\Delta}_m} \bigg)$ similar to that in \cite{pmlr-v80-pike-burke18a}. This ensures a small probability for the event that after $m$ phases a suboptimal arm is still in the active set $A_m$. This bounds the regret contribution of all suboptimal arms. The exact expression is given in Appendix \ref{AppendixB}.
\begin{restatable}{theorem}{secondTheorem}
\label{T2}
For the choice of $n_m= O\bigg( \frac{\log(T\Tilde{\Delta}_m^2)}{\Tilde{\Delta}_m^2} + \frac{md}{\Tilde{\Delta}_m} \bigg)$ the regret of Algorithm \ref{alg2} is bounded by $O\bigg(\sqrt{TK\log(K)}+Kd\log(T)\bigg)$.
\end{restatable}
We refer the readers to Appendix \ref{AppendixB} (Appendix-F\cite{pmlr-v80-pike-burke18a}) for the detailed regret analysis and proofs.

\vspace{-0.25cm}
\section{Conclusion and Future Work}
\vspace{-0.2cm}
In this work we explored the setting of stochastic multi-armed bandits with delayed, composite, anonymous feedback. Due to the nature of rewards being stochastic, anonymous feedback to the player, rewards not being available in its entirety and being arbitrarily spread, the problem becomes significantly complex than the standard MAB scenario. We show that simple extensions of the standard UCB and improved UCB algorithms which run in phases can obtain sub-linear regret bounds for this hard setting. We suggest further extensions of our work in two possible directions: the first being analysing the case when delay parameter $d$ is not perfectly known, and the second being considering a similar setting for the contextual bandits.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Beating the sports betting number is among the most challenging task that most bettors wanted to learn. They believe that beating the number can boost their win percentage, providing them with better chances for winning.
Well, beating the sports betting number can be difficult particularly if have no understanding of the game, players, the teams, and everything about betting on sports. Many experts have noted there presently exists some instances that regardless of what game you play, you will always find the numbers in support of the house. This is also true in casino gambling and slot machine games. Perhaps the main difference depends on the fact that the sports betting numbers are slightly more than the numbers on casino gambling that over the long term, the sports bettors can make between Eight to ten percent back on their original investment sport bet.
So if you're one of those who bet on sports for cash or profit, I bet you would be pleased to know that there are some ways that will let you beat the sports betting number. One of the most basic things you must note and do is always to hunt for the reliable sports books available.
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SYRACUSE—OBG (O'Brien & Gere) announced that it has acquired Natural Resource Technology (NRT), an environmental engineering and consulting firm headquartered in Milwaukee, WI, with regional offices in Chicago, IL, East Lansing, MI, and Bloomington, IL. This strategic positioning with NRT and its leadership supports OBG's commitment to growing its business and specifically, its focus on the remediation of complex sites for the energy utilities, industrial, and federal market sectors.
Natural Resource Technology provides engineering and environmental consulting services to private and public clients in the energy, industrial, real estate, government, and legal sectors. NRT's success is founded on technical expertise, the relationships they build with clients, and on the firm's ability to attract and retain highly talented engineering, scientific, and support professionals.


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text:
Modification of the rat adipocyte A1 adenosine receptor-adenylate cyclase system during chronic exposure to an A1 adenosine receptor agonist: Alterations in the quantity of G(Sα) and G(iα) are not associated with changes in their mRNAs
J. P. Longabaugh, J. Didsbury, Allen M. Spiegel, G. L. Stiles
The A1-adenosine receptor (A1AR) adenylate cyclase system in rat adipocytes undergoes heterologous desensitization following chronic in vivo exposure to an A1AR agonist (+)-N6-(R-phenylisopropyl)adenosine [J. Biol. Chem. 262: 841-847 (1987)]. This desensitization involves an absolute increase in adenylate cyclase activity and a refractoriness to receptor ligands that are inhibitory to adenylate cyclase. In this study, receptor changes were characterized using an A1AR antagonist radioligand, [3H]8-[4-[[[[(2-aminoethyl)amino]carbonyl]methyl]oxy]phenyl]-1,3-di-p ropyl xanthine. Saturation binding studies demonstrated a 47% decrease in total A1AR density without a change in K(D). Agonist competition studies revealed a decreased percentage of receptors, from 55% to 35%, in the high affinity state following desensitization. An increase in G(Sα) of 49% was found by Western blotting using specific G(sα) antibodies. Further, an antibody that recognizes G(iα1) and G(iα2) was used to quantitate these subtypes of G(iα) and both were decreased by 59% following desensitization. However, when an antibody that recognizes G(iα3) was used, no change in G(iα3) was found, demonstrating, in this case, differential regulation of G(iα3)subtypes. The mechanisms responsible for changes in G(Sα) and G(iα) were studied by measuring the levels of their mRNAs from normal and desensitized adipocytes. Using either labeled cDNAs (G(iα2), G(iα3)) or oligonucleotides (G(Sα), G(iα1)), isoforms of G(iα) are present in adipocytes but that there are no changes in the levels of any of these transcripts following desensitization. These data suggest that desensitization of the A1AR-adenylate cyclase system involves a down-regulation of A1ARs and an additional loss of A1AR agonist high affinity sites. Further, an increase in G(Sα), a decrease in G(iα1) and G(iα2), and no change in G(iα3) were found. The regulation of G(sα) and the subtypes of G(iα) in this system does not occur by altering the levels of their respective transcripts.
Adenosine A1 Receptor Agonists
Adenosine A1 Receptors
Adenylyl Cyclases
Adipocytes
Adenosine A1 Receptor Antagonists
Xanthine
Down-Regulation
Longabaugh, J. P., Didsbury, J., Spiegel, A. M., & Stiles, G. L. (1989). Modification of the rat adipocyte A1 adenosine receptor-adenylate cyclase system during chronic exposure to an A1 adenosine receptor agonist: Alterations in the quantity of G(Sα) and G(iα) are not associated with changes in their mRNAs. Molecular Pharmacology, 36(5), 681-688.
Modification of the rat adipocyte A1 adenosine receptor-adenylate cyclase system during chronic exposure to an A1 adenosine receptor agonist : Alterations in the quantity of G(Sα) and G(iα) are not associated with changes in their mRNAs. / Longabaugh, J. P.; Didsbury, J.; Spiegel, Allen M.; Stiles, G. L.
In: Molecular Pharmacology, Vol. 36, No. 5, 1989, p. 681-688.
Longabaugh, JP, Didsbury, J, Spiegel, AM & Stiles, GL 1989, 'Modification of the rat adipocyte A1 adenosine receptor-adenylate cyclase system during chronic exposure to an A1 adenosine receptor agonist: Alterations in the quantity of G(Sα) and G(iα) are not associated with changes in their mRNAs', Molecular Pharmacology, vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 681-688.
Longabaugh JP, Didsbury J, Spiegel AM, Stiles GL. Modification of the rat adipocyte A1 adenosine receptor-adenylate cyclase system during chronic exposure to an A1 adenosine receptor agonist: Alterations in the quantity of G(Sα) and G(iα) are not associated with changes in their mRNAs. Molecular Pharmacology. 1989;36(5):681-688.
Longabaugh, J. P. ; Didsbury, J. ; Spiegel, Allen M. ; Stiles, G. L. / Modification of the rat adipocyte A1 adenosine receptor-adenylate cyclase system during chronic exposure to an A1 adenosine receptor agonist : Alterations in the quantity of G(Sα) and G(iα) are not associated with changes in their mRNAs. In: Molecular Pharmacology. 1989 ; Vol. 36, No. 5. pp. 681-688.
@article{b1571b5b9aa24a3e96d9a6e68522093d,
title = "Modification of the rat adipocyte A1 adenosine receptor-adenylate cyclase system during chronic exposure to an A1 adenosine receptor agonist: Alterations in the quantity of G(Sα) and G(iα) are not associated with changes in their mRNAs",
abstract = "The A1-adenosine receptor (A1AR) adenylate cyclase system in rat adipocytes undergoes heterologous desensitization following chronic in vivo exposure to an A1AR agonist (+)-N6-(R-phenylisopropyl)adenosine [J. Biol. Chem. 262: 841-847 (1987)]. This desensitization involves an absolute increase in adenylate cyclase activity and a refractoriness to receptor ligands that are inhibitory to adenylate cyclase. In this study, receptor changes were characterized using an A1AR antagonist radioligand, [3H]8-[4-[[[[(2-aminoethyl)amino]carbonyl]methyl]oxy]phenyl]-1,3-di-p ropyl xanthine. Saturation binding studies demonstrated a 47{\%} decrease in total A1AR density without a change in K(D). Agonist competition studies revealed a decreased percentage of receptors, from 55{\%} to 35{\%}, in the high affinity state following desensitization. An increase in G(Sα) of 49{\%} was found by Western blotting using specific G(sα) antibodies. Further, an antibody that recognizes G(iα1) and G(iα2) was used to quantitate these subtypes of G(iα) and both were decreased by 59{\%} following desensitization. However, when an antibody that recognizes G(iα3) was used, no change in G(iα3) was found, demonstrating, in this case, differential regulation of G(iα3)subtypes. The mechanisms responsible for changes in G(Sα) and G(iα) were studied by measuring the levels of their mRNAs from normal and desensitized adipocytes. Using either labeled cDNAs (G(iα2), G(iα3)) or oligonucleotides (G(Sα), G(iα1)), isoforms of G(iα) are present in adipocytes but that there are no changes in the levels of any of these transcripts following desensitization. These data suggest that desensitization of the A1AR-adenylate cyclase system involves a down-regulation of A1ARs and an additional loss of A1AR agonist high affinity sites. Further, an increase in G(Sα), a decrease in G(iα1) and G(iα2), and no change in G(iα3) were found. The regulation of G(sα) and the subtypes of G(iα) in this system does not occur by altering the levels of their respective transcripts.",
author = "Longabaugh, {J. P.} and J. Didsbury and Spiegel, {Allen M.} and Stiles, {G. L.}",
journal = "Molecular Pharmacology",
publisher = "American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics",
T1 - Modification of the rat adipocyte A1 adenosine receptor-adenylate cyclase system during chronic exposure to an A1 adenosine receptor agonist
T2 - Alterations in the quantity of G(Sα) and G(iα) are not associated with changes in their mRNAs
AU - Longabaugh, J. P.
AU - Didsbury, J.
AU - Spiegel, Allen M.
AU - Stiles, G. L.
N2 - The A1-adenosine receptor (A1AR) adenylate cyclase system in rat adipocytes undergoes heterologous desensitization following chronic in vivo exposure to an A1AR agonist (+)-N6-(R-phenylisopropyl)adenosine [J. Biol. Chem. 262: 841-847 (1987)]. This desensitization involves an absolute increase in adenylate cyclase activity and a refractoriness to receptor ligands that are inhibitory to adenylate cyclase. In this study, receptor changes were characterized using an A1AR antagonist radioligand, [3H]8-[4-[[[[(2-aminoethyl)amino]carbonyl]methyl]oxy]phenyl]-1,3-di-p ropyl xanthine. Saturation binding studies demonstrated a 47% decrease in total A1AR density without a change in K(D). Agonist competition studies revealed a decreased percentage of receptors, from 55% to 35%, in the high affinity state following desensitization. An increase in G(Sα) of 49% was found by Western blotting using specific G(sα) antibodies. Further, an antibody that recognizes G(iα1) and G(iα2) was used to quantitate these subtypes of G(iα) and both were decreased by 59% following desensitization. However, when an antibody that recognizes G(iα3) was used, no change in G(iα3) was found, demonstrating, in this case, differential regulation of G(iα3)subtypes. The mechanisms responsible for changes in G(Sα) and G(iα) were studied by measuring the levels of their mRNAs from normal and desensitized adipocytes. Using either labeled cDNAs (G(iα2), G(iα3)) or oligonucleotides (G(Sα), G(iα1)), isoforms of G(iα) are present in adipocytes but that there are no changes in the levels of any of these transcripts following desensitization. These data suggest that desensitization of the A1AR-adenylate cyclase system involves a down-regulation of A1ARs and an additional loss of A1AR agonist high affinity sites. Further, an increase in G(Sα), a decrease in G(iα1) and G(iα2), and no change in G(iα3) were found. The regulation of G(sα) and the subtypes of G(iα) in this system does not occur by altering the levels of their respective transcripts.
AB - The A1-adenosine receptor (A1AR) adenylate cyclase system in rat adipocytes undergoes heterologous desensitization following chronic in vivo exposure to an A1AR agonist (+)-N6-(R-phenylisopropyl)adenosine [J. Biol. Chem. 262: 841-847 (1987)]. This desensitization involves an absolute increase in adenylate cyclase activity and a refractoriness to receptor ligands that are inhibitory to adenylate cyclase. In this study, receptor changes were characterized using an A1AR antagonist radioligand, [3H]8-[4-[[[[(2-aminoethyl)amino]carbonyl]methyl]oxy]phenyl]-1,3-di-p ropyl xanthine. Saturation binding studies demonstrated a 47% decrease in total A1AR density without a change in K(D). Agonist competition studies revealed a decreased percentage of receptors, from 55% to 35%, in the high affinity state following desensitization. An increase in G(Sα) of 49% was found by Western blotting using specific G(sα) antibodies. Further, an antibody that recognizes G(iα1) and G(iα2) was used to quantitate these subtypes of G(iα) and both were decreased by 59% following desensitization. However, when an antibody that recognizes G(iα3) was used, no change in G(iα3) was found, demonstrating, in this case, differential regulation of G(iα3)subtypes. The mechanisms responsible for changes in G(Sα) and G(iα) were studied by measuring the levels of their mRNAs from normal and desensitized adipocytes. Using either labeled cDNAs (G(iα2), G(iα3)) or oligonucleotides (G(Sα), G(iα1)), isoforms of G(iα) are present in adipocytes but that there are no changes in the levels of any of these transcripts following desensitization. These data suggest that desensitization of the A1AR-adenylate cyclase system involves a down-regulation of A1ARs and an additional loss of A1AR agonist high affinity sites. Further, an increase in G(Sα), a decrease in G(iα1) and G(iα2), and no change in G(iα3) were found. The regulation of G(sα) and the subtypes of G(iα) in this system does not occur by altering the levels of their respective transcripts.
JO - Molecular Pharmacology
JF - Molecular Pharmacology


text:
2021 Inauguration Day events: First White House press briefing set as Joe Biden and Kamala Harris take office
WASHINGTON (NewsNation Now) — President-elect Joe Biden and Vice President-elect Kamala Harris have officially taken office Wednesday.
The 59th presidential inauguration in U.S. history remains underway, with several events slated for the afternoon and evening. At 7 p.m. EST, White House Press Secretary Jen Psaki will take questions at her first on-camera and in-person briefing of the Biden administration; you can stream the briefing live right here.
This year's inaugural theme "America United" aims to restore "the soul of America," bring the country together and create "a path to a brighter future."
(L-R) Dr. Jill Biden and President-elect Joe Biden speak during the "We The People" virtual concert celebrating the 59th Presidential Inauguration broadcast on January 17, 2021. (Photo by Handout/ActBlue/Biden Inaugural Committee via Getty Images)
While Americans were discouraged from traveling to the nation's capital due to threats of possible violence following the deadly Capitol riot earlier this month, the Presidential Inaugural Committee offered many ways for citizens to celebrate from home in the lead up to, and following, the swearing-in ceremony.
With a handful of virtual events, Americans are encouraged to honor the tradition with "a diverse array of inspiring speakers and community leaders across the country," the committee said.
Meanwhile, President Donald Trump left the White House for the final time as president.
He held a departure ceremony early Wednesday at Joint Base Andrews in suburban Maryland before traveling to Florida, where he'll begin his post-presidency at his Mar-a-Lago club in Palm Beach. The farewell event included a red carpet, a military band and a 21-gun salute.
Full Inauguration Day schedule:
10 a.m. – 12:30 p.m. EST: Our White House: An Inaugural Celebration for Young Americans
The committee hosted a livestream for young Americans before and during the inaugural ceremonies. Entertainer and advocate Keke Palmer hosted the event, and it included a special message from Dr. Jill Biden as well as commentary from historians Doris Kearns Goodwin and Erica Armstrong Dunbar. It also included segments produced by Nickelodeon and the Library of Congress, excerpts of student voices from PBS NewsHour Student Reporting Labs "We the Young People" programming, and trivia questions.
The event was livestreamed at BidenInaugural.org/youth and on the committee's YouTube channel.
Inaugural Ceremonies
Biden and Harris were sworn in at the inaugural ceremony and deliver their inaugural address. The event took place on the West front of the U.S. Capitol building, with health and safety protocols in place to protect public health. In-person attendance is limited to Congress. The National Park Service and the Secret Service have shut down the National Mall from last Friday through Thursday, and access to the Washington Monument has been closed for two weeks.
Washington Monument closing due to threats to disrupt Biden inauguration
Chairs are positioned socially distanced from each other as preparations take place for President-elect Joe Biden's inauguration ceremony at the US Capitol in Washington, DC on January 16, 2021. (Photo by ANDREW CABALLERO-REYNOLDS/AFP via Getty Images)
Pass in Review
Following the ceremony, a Pass in Review is held on the East front with members of the military. It's a longstanding military tradition that reflects the peaceful transfer of power to a new commander-in-chief.
Wreath Laying at Arlington National Cemetery
Joe Biden, Jill Biden, Kamala Harris and Doug Emhoff visited Arlington National Cemetery Wednesday to lay a wreath at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. They were joined by President Barack Obama and Michelle Obama, President George W. Bush and Laura Bush, and President Bill Clinton and Secretary Hillary Clinton.
Presidential Escort
Joe Biden will receive a presidential escort from 15th Street to the White House. Every branch of the military will be represented, including The U.S. Army Band, a Joint Service Honor Guard, and the Commander-in-Chief's Guard and Fife and Drum Corps from the 3rd U.S. Infantry "The Old Guard."
Trump to leave Washington on morning of Biden's inauguration
WASHINGTON, DC – JANUARY 17: Signs reading "2021 Biden Harris Inauguration" can be seen within the expanded protective perimeter around the White House on January 17, 2021 in Washington, DC. (Photo by Sarah Silbiger/Getty Images)
Virtual Parade Across America
A televised "Parade Across America" featured "diverse, dynamic performances in communities across the country," the committee said.
7 p.m. EST: White House Press Secretary Jen Psaki to hold first briefing
White House Press Secretary Jen Psaki will take questions at her first on-camera and in-person briefing of the Biden administration. Stream the briefing live right here.
8:30 p.m. EST: Celebrating America Primetime Special
Actor Tom Hanks is hosting a 90-minute special featuring remarks from Biden and Harris, as well as performances that the inaugural committee described as representing "the rich diversity and extensive talent America" has to offer. "Celebrating America" will include appearances from Ant Clemons, Jon Bon Jovi, Foo Fighters, John Legend, Eva Longoria, Demi Lovato, Bruce Springsteen, Justin Timberlake and Kerry Washington.
The event will be livestreamed on NewsNationNow.com.
For more information about the 2021 inaugural schedule, visit the committee's website.
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"Heroes" (Parts 1 and 2) are episodes from Season 7 of the science fiction television series Stargate SG-1. This two-parter was nominated for a Hugo Award in the category Best Dramatic Presentation - Short Form. For Part 2, which aired as the 150th episode of the series, Andy Mikita was nominated for a Leo Award in the category "Dramatic Series: Best Direction", and Don S. Davis was nominated for a Leo Award in the category "Dramatic Series: Best Supporting Performance - Male" for this episode.
The President of the United States, nearing the end of his time in office, has grown concerned over how the public will react if the Stargate Program becomes public knowledge after he leaves office. Hoping that he will be able to put a positive spin on his association with the program, he has commissioned a reporter to create a documentary on the people within the SGC and their activities. However, few key SGC members demonstrate willingness to participate in the documentary and the reporter seems to irritate the members of SG-1, and occasionally rant about censorship. (While he has been given complete access to all past mission reports, current activities of the SGC are off-limits since the Pentagon has yet to review and certify them safe for public viewing.) While Sam Carter and Daniel Jackson do participate in the interviews (unlike Teal'c, who simply stares silently at the camera, and Jack O'Neill, who goes to great pains to avoid the reporter completely), it is only Janet Fraiser who seems willing to tolerate the reporter's presence (and later jokes with him about his rather clumsy attempts to flirt with her).
Heroes is the third album released by American country music artist Paul Overstreet. The album was released by RCA Nashville in 1991 (see 1991 in country music). The album reached #17 on Billboard's Top Country Albums chart and charted at #21 on the Top Christian Albums chart. This album produced three top ten singles including Overstreet's first and only number 1 song, "Daddy's Come Around". Other singles and their peaks on the chart were "Heroes" (#4), "Ball and Chain" (#5), "If I Could Bottle This Up" (#30), and "Billy Can't Read" (#57).
Paul Overstreet wrote or co-wrote every track on the album, most of them with Don Schlitz. Fellow country artists Pam Tillis and Trisha Yearwood sing background vocals as well as Christian Music singer Chris Rodriguez. On the LP release of the album, the songs "I'm So Glad I was Dreaming" and "Straight and Narrow" were not included, leaving the album with nine tracks.
Team members need to learn how to help one another, help other team members realize their true potential, and create an environment that allows everyone to go beyond his or her limitations. Teams can be broken down into from a huge team or one big group of people, even if these smaller secondary teams are temporary.
A team becomes more than just a collection of people when a strong sense of mutual commitment creates synergy, thus generating performance greater than the sum of the performance of its individual members.
Thus teams of game players can form (and re-form) to practise their craft/sport. Transport logistics executives can select teams of horses, dogs, or oxen for the purpose of conveying passengers or goods.
Team 4 was a British architectural firm, established in 1963 by architecture graduates Su Brumwell, Wendy Cheesman, Norman Foster and Richard Rogers. Team 4 was dissolved in 1967.
The practice originally included Wendy Cheesman's sister Georgie Wolton (née Cheesman) who, as the only qualified architect of the group, allowed the practice to function. Georgie Cheeseman left after only a few months, leaving the remaining members to try and pass their professional exams while continuing to practice.
Rogers, Foster and Brumwell had first met while studying at Yale University. Rogers and Brumwell later married one another, as did Foster and Wendy Cheeseman.
One of the first projects for Team 4 was a commission from Su Brumwell's parents, Marcus and Irene Brumwell, to build a new house in Feock, Cornwall, called Creek Vean. They sold a Piet Mondrian painting bought from the artist in the 1930s, to fund the new house. Marcus Brumwell was the founder of the Design Research Unit. Creek Vean took 3 years to construct and was completed in 1966. It became the first ever house to win a R.I.B.A. Award. Creek Vean is a listed building, having been listed Grade II in 1998, and subsequently upgraded to Grade II*. It is listed as "Creekvean and Attached Entrance Bridge and Walls to Road, Feock".