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The Siege of Leeds Castle, 1321
In a recent post, I wrote about Edward II's actions in the autumn of 1321, when at the very least he condoned the piracy of his favourite Hugh Despenser and may even have been implicated in an attack on Southampton by the men of the Cinque Ports. This post and the next take up the story from that point, charting Edward's determination that Hugh Despenser and his father would not remain long in the exile imposed on them by the Marcher lords and their allies in August 1321 (from now on, I'll refer to the king and Despenser's enemies of 1321/22 as the 'Contrariants', as Edward took to calling them in early 1322, as it's easier) and Edward's war against some of his barons.
It seems highly likely that Edward met Hugh Despenser at least once during the royal favourite's exile, probably to plan their next moves against the Contrariants and bring Despenser and his father back. It is possible, though of course not certain, that Queen Isabella was a party to their plotting; she was a very loyal ally of her husband in the autumn of 1321, as demonstrated by Edward granting her custody of the great seal between 3 and 24 August, and again between 23 October and 5 November. [1] Although Isabella hated the Despensers and had pleaded with Edward on her knees to agree to their exile - a gesture which allowed Edward to save face, given that he had no choice but to agree or face deposition - she also hated seeing her husband's royal powers and privileges eroded. Some writers of a few decades ago claimed that Isabella's relationship with Roger Mortimer began around this time, but this is nonsense, based on misdating the birth of her youngest child Joan of the Tower from July 1321 to July 1322, when Mortimer was already a prisoner in the Tower. Given that Mortimer was opposing her husband at this time and she herself was loyally supporting him, it is doubtful that the pair even met.
The plan which Edward and Despenser conceived, probably while they were meeting in secret at Harwich or Portchester, centred around Bartholomew Badlesmere. Badlesmere was an important baron of the era who had once served in the retinue of Edward II's nephew the earl of Gloucester, and was accused of abandoning the young earl to his death at the battle of Bannockburn; a contemporary Latin poem condemns him as "the traitorous man, Bartholomew" and "the representative of Judas," and says "Because he refused to come to his master's support, this traitor has deserved to be put to the rack." [2] His wife Margaret de Clare was Gloucester's first cousin (and was rescued by Hugh Despenser when taken hostage at Cheshunt in 1319). Badlesmere subsequently became an ally of the earl of Pembroke and an important member of the group of men mediating between the king and the earl of Lancaster in the mid to late 1310s, whom an earlier generation of historians called the Middle Party. He became Edward II's household steward in 1318, around the same time that Hugh Despenser became chamberlain. In the summer of 1321, Edward sent Badlesmere north to spy on a meeting between the earl of Lancaster and the Marcher lords; Badlesmere subsequently switched sides and joined them. [3] The reasons for this are unclear, but he had family connections to two of the Contrariants: his daughter Elizabeth was married to Roger Mortimer's eldest son Edmund, and his wife Margaret was the aunt of Roger, Lord Clifford (who would be executed in York in March 1322). Badlesmere was probably also angry and resentful at the dominance at court of his former ally Hugh Despenser, and in addition it appears that he had hoped to become earl of Kent, hopes that were dashed in the summer of 1321 when Edward II bestowed the earldom on the younger of his half-brothers, Edmund of Woodstock.
Badlesmere's switching sides proved to be as astonishingly unwise move on his part and was to have tragic consequences for himself and his family. Edward thereafter detested him for his treachery, and the earl of Lancaster loathed him already; a letter sent to Edward II from Newcastle on 27 February 1321, probably by Hugh Despenser's ally Robert Baldock, warned the king that "great ambushes are set for Bartholomew de Badlesmere in the south and in the north against his coming," and these ambushes were most likely Lancaster's. Why Lancaster loathed Badlesmere is unclear, but then, Lancaster loathed lots of people (see Susan Higginbotham's hilarious name badge post, where Lancaster's slogan is, very appropriately, I Don't Like You). Possibly, it was merely because Badlesmere had become Edward's household steward without Lancaster's consent and Lancaster, as hereditary steward of England, thought he had the right to make the appointment. Whatever the reasons, the Vita Edwardi Secundi says "the earl hated this Bartholomew, and laid many trespasses at his door, for which he adjudged him worthy of perpetual imprisonment or at least exile." [3]
Evidently, what happened in the early autumn of 1321 is that Edward II asked Isabella to set off on pilgrimage to Canterbury, and on her way back to London, to ask for a night's accommodation at Leeds Castle, which belonged to Badlesmere. In fact, the usual route from Canterbury to London went through northern Kent, via Gravesend, Rochester and Dartford, and nowhere near Leeds. Whether Isabella knew that Edward had ulterior motives is uncertain, but she probably did, given the enormous trust Edward placed in her at this time. Badlesmere was with the Contrariants at Oxford, having put his Kent castles in a state of defence, but his wife was in residence at Leeds. It seems likely that Edward hoped she would refuse to allow Isabella entry, given the current political climate, which would be a gross insult to the royal family and would give Edward an excuse to attack the castle.
Badlesmere's position as a landowner in Kent isolated him geographically from his allies in the Welsh Marches and the south-west of England, whereas Edward II's supporters, such as his half-brother the earl of Kent, his cousin the earl of Pembroke, his nephew-in-law the earl of Surrey, and the earl of Arundel, were strong in Kent and the south-east. Thanks to the family connections between the Contrariants and Badlesmere, they would probably feel honour-bound to come to his aid and would thus be in armed rebellion against the king. Edward and Hugh Despenser must have known that the earl of Lancaster detested Badlesmere, and gambled that the powerful magnate would not help him. In addition, although Lancaster and Isabella were not allies, she was his niece and queen of England, and he could hardly be seen to defend a man who had insulted her. In this way, Edward could divide and conquer his enemies, and pick them off piecemeal - a clever tactic, and also a necessary one given Edward's perpetual shortage of money.
The plan went off brilliantly. Sometime between 2 and 13 October 1321, Queen Isabella approached Leeds Castle with a military escort, and Lady Badlesmere fell into the trap by refusing to admit her and announcing that the queen must seek accommodation elsewhere. [4] Isabella ordered her escort to force an entry into the castle, and the garrison opened up a volley of arrows at them, killing six. Edward feigned outrage at the insult to his consort, when in fact he must have been delighted that all had gone according to plan, and began to prepare an attack on Leeds: on 16 and 17 October, to "punish the disobedience and contempt against the queen," he ordered the sheriffs of Kent, Surrey, Sussex, Hampshire and Essex to muster knights and footmen "with horses and arms and as much power as possible" at Leeds on 23 October, and sent the earls of Pembroke and Richmond and the Scottish earl of Atholl as an advance guard. (The earl of Atholl was David de Strathbogie, whose father John had been executed by Edward I in November 1306, yet who remained loyal to Edward II.) The city of London sent 500 men to the siege, and Edward ordered his sheriffs to proclaim that "the king is not going to the said castle by reason of any war or disturbance in the realm." [5] This was, shall we say, not entirely the truth.
Edward arrived at Leeds on 26 October, and ordered his hunting dogs sent to him three days later. [6] His half-brothers the earls of Norfolk and Kent, whom the Vita Edwardi Secundi describes as "active soldiers considering their age" – they were now twenty and twenty-one and finally old enough to play a role in Edward's reign – joined the siege, as did the earls of Surrey and Arundel. With Pembroke and Richmond, this represented all the English earls alive in 1321 except the Contrariants Lancaster and Hereford, the obscure Oxford who played no role whatsoever in Edward's reign, and the king's son Chester, the future Edward III, who was not yet nine.
At Oxford, Badlesmere begged the Contrariants to take their armies and relieve the siege of Leeds, which put them in a very awkward position. Badlesmere was their ally, yet the men who had been so willing to destroy the Despensers' lands a few months before were reluctant to take up arms against their king, and probably also reluctant to help a man who had until so recently been an ally of Hugh Despenser. Neither were they willing to be seen to acknowledge Badlesmere's insult of the queen, and two chroniclers do say that they refused to go to the aid of the Leeds garrison out of respect for Isabella. [7] And the earl of Lancaster also played into Edward's hands, as Edward and Despenser had no doubt predicted he would: he sent the Contrariants a letter, ordering them to not to aid the detested Badlesmere. [8]
The Contrariants moved to Kingston-on-Thames, where on 27 October Edward's allies the archbishop of Canterbury, the bishops of London and Rochester, and the earl of Pembroke negotiated with them. Edward later accused the Contrariants of "stealing the king's goods" at Kingston and elsewhere. [9] Badlesmere proposed that the king raise the siege and let the situation be dealt with in the next parliament, but it was too late: Leeds surrendered on 31 October, only five days after Edward had arrived there, and thirteen members of the garrison were drawn and hanged shortly afterwards. The men executed are named on the Fine Roll as Walter Colpeper, Roger de Coumbe, Richard Prat, Thomas and Richard de Chidecroft, Robert de Bromere, Roger de Rokayle, Nicholas de Bradefeld, Adam le Wayte, Robert de Cheigny, Richard Brisynge, Simon de Tyerst and William Colyn. [10]
Men had never been executed within living memory for holding a castle against the king, and Edward's father and grandfather Henry III and Edward I had not executed the men who held Kenilworth against them in the 1260s, for instance. Neither did Edward II execute the men, named as 'Thomas Blaunfrounte and other malefactors', who held Warwick Castle against him in November 1321. [11] Still, the executions were not entirely unprecedented: King Stephen hanged nearly a hundred of the Shrewsbury Castle garrison for holding out against him in 1138. Edward's actions in 1321 shocked many, although the author of the Vita Edwardi Secundi, usually no fan of the king, approved of his actions for once, describing the Leeds garrison as "robbers, homicides, and traitors" and stating that "just as no one can build castles in the land without the king's licence, so it is wrong to defend castles in the kingdom against the king." [12] Edward began preparing for a campaign against the Contrariants in November.
Lady Badlesmere, née Margaret de Clare, with her young children and her husband's adult nephew Bartholomew Burghersh, were imprisoned at Dover Castle and afterwards at the Tower of London. Margaret, presumably with her children, was released a year later; Bartholomew Burghersh remained imprisoned until the arrival of Isabella and Roger Mortimer's invasion in the autumn of 1326. [13] As for Bartholomew Badlesmere himself, Edward II's friend the earl of Mar discovered him hiding at one of the manors of his nephew the bishop of Lincoln, Henry Burghersh, after the battle of Boroughbridge in March 1322, and took him to Canterbury for the grotesque execution ordered for him by the vengeful king. Edward did at least show some leniency towards Badlesmere's other supporters, however: on his return to London after the siege of Leeds Castle, he sent a Daniel de Bengham to Kent to order the justices to abandon their trial. [14]
And so Edward II, on behalf of his beloved favourite Hugh Despenser - it's the 683rd anniversary of his execution today, by the way - provoked a war against a number of his own barons which would end a few months later with the executions of twenty-two men and many dozens more imprisoned or exiled. In the next posts, I'll take a look at the king's campaign of 1321/22.
1) Calendar of Close Rolls 1318-1323, pp. 477-478.
2) T. Wright, The Political Songs of England, pp. 263-264.
3) J. Goronwy Edwards, ed., Calendar of Ancient Correspondence Concerning Wales, pp. 180-181; J. R. Maddicott, Thomas of Lancaster 1307-1322: A Study in the Reign of Edward II, p. 264; Vita Edwardi Secundi Monachi Cuiusdam Malmesberiensis, ed. N. Denholm-Young, p. 116. 4) Annales Paulini 1307-1340, in W. Stubbs, ed., Chronicles of the Reigns of Edward I and Edward II, volume 1, p. 299; Alison Weir, Isabella, She-Wolf of France, Queen of England, p. 133.
5) Calendar of Patent Rolls 1321-1324, p. 29; Cal Close Rolls 1313-1318, p. 504; Calendar of Letter-Books of London 1314-1337, p. 155.
6) The National Archives E 403/196.
7) Scalacronica: The Reigns of Edward I, Edward II and Edward III as Recorded by Sir Thomas Gray of Heton, knight, ed. Herbert Maxwell, p. 67; Adae Murimuth Continuatio Chronicarum, ed. E. M. Thompson, p. 34.
8) Vita Edwardi Secundi, p. 116; The Anonimalle Chronicle 1307-41, from Brotherton Collection MS 29, ed. W. R. Childs and J. Taylor, p. 102.
9) Annales Paulini, p. 299; Anonimalle, p. 102; Cal Close Rolls 1318-1323, p. 516.
10) Calendar of Fine Rolls 1319-1327, p. 76; Annales Paulini, p. 299; Anonimalle, p. 102.
11) Cal Close Rolls 1318-1323, p. 503; Cal Pat Rolls 1321-1324, p. 59.
12) Vita Edwardi Secundi, p. 116.
13) Cal Close Rolls 1318-1323, pp. 604, 627; Cal Close Rolls 1323-1327, pp. 46, 48, 236; Croniques de London, ed. J. G. Aungier, p. 54.
14) Roy Martin Haines, King Edward II: His Life, His Reign, and Its Aftermath, 1284-1330, p. 133.
Great post on this pivotal event - the beginning of the road to Boroughbridge. Edward was, politically, right to have had those men at Leeds castle executed in order to ensure that others would be deterred from holding castles against him. Still a horrible way to go though.
Tuesday, 24 November 2009 at 12:38:00 GMT
Another detailed and informative post Alianore.
I live just a few miles from Leeds Castle in Kent, it is often described as the most beautiful castle in the world. The ancient castle is surrounded by a wide moat and absolutely stunning scenery. I am sure your readers would enjoy a visit.
It's no wonder the men at Leeds couldn't defend the castle: 3 Richards, 2 Rogers and 2 Roberts were involved.
Adam: "Rob, the East wall is under attack"
Roger de Coumbe: "Did you say Rog?"
A: "No Rob, Robert"
Robert de Bromere: "You want me?"
A, screaming: "No, de Chidecroft"
Thomas de Chidecroft: "Someone need help?"
A surrenders himself
Richard Prat: "Yes, I do"
T: "Richard?"
2 other men pop their heads up: "What?"
.....and on.....
Enjoyed the post! I'd love to see Leeds Castle one of these days.
Thanks, all! Clement, you're so lucky to live near Leeds - I've never been there, but I'd love to. Paul, that's brilliant!! :-)
Thursday, 26 November 2009 at 05:20:00 GMT
I went to Leeds during my Uni days when I earned money driving a van making deliveries. One happened to be in the area so I thought I'd stop by.....
It was about 4/5 hours later when I realised I still had a delivery to make and had to go. The place got me in almost as much trouble as the Roberts and Rogers but it was worth it. Spectacular place.
Friday, 27 November 2009 at 20:03:00 GMT
Hope you had a great time there, Paul - I can see that Leeds is the kind of place it would be extremely difficult to leave.
Saturday, 28 November 2009 at 09:41:00 GMT
Maybe the executed men were those - or some of those - who shot arrows at Isa's escort, and Ed took that a wee bit personal. ;)
Sunday, 29 November 2009 at 00:08:00 GMT
Great idea, Gabriele!
炒米粉Ken said...
Wednesday, 10 March 2010 at 07:54:00 GMT
ES said...
Link to "Tournament of Wallingford" don't works.
Thursday, 25 September 2014 at 11:14:00 BST
Fixed! It had two https in the address. Thanks for letting me know!
Sire Huge Le Despenser, Malefactors And Extortioni...
Photos and Floods
Edward II's Mysterious Movements In September 1321...
A Verray Parfit Gentil Knyght: Henry of Grosmont, ...


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A major complication in cranial and spinal surgery is the post-operative occurrence of a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak. Here we reported a technical note firstly describing the use of Hemopatch® with fibrin glue as a dural sealant in cranial and spinal neurosurgical procedures. Moreover we carried out a review of the literature. Further to the best of our knowledge this was the first series including patients submitted to different spinal surgeries in whom Hemopatch® was used as dural sealant. We prospectively collected the data of 22 patients. In all procedures, fibrin glue was applied after Hemopatch®. The mean age was 59.68 ± 10.79 years and the mean follow-up (FU) was 3.63 ± 1.46 months, respectively. Overall, Hemopatch® with fibrin glue was used in 8 cranial procedures (36.36%; all were retrosigmoid craniotomies) and 14 spinal procedures (63.64%). 9/14 spinal cases (64.28%) were incidental durotomies during a spinal decompression procedure. No CSF leak, no postoperative infection, no adverse reaction were observed during the FU in all cases. The literature search revealed only two retrospective series, reporting only patients submitted to cranial surgery for a total of 56 patients and a CSF leak occurring in 3 patients (5.35%). In conclusion, we firstly reported the feasibility and the safety of using Hemopatch® with fibrin glue as dural sealant in cranial surgery and different spinal procedures. Further larger comparative studies are needed to confirm our initial encouraging results.
Montano, N., Giordano, M., Caccavella, V. M., Ioannoni, E., Polli, F. M., Papacci, F., Olivi, A., Hemopatch® with fibrin glue as a dural sealant in cranial and spinal surgery. A technical note with a review of the literature, <<JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE>>, 2020; 79 (2020): 144-147. [doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2020.07.011] [http://hdl.handle.net/10807/199800]
Hemopatch® with fibrin glue as a dural sealant in cranial and spinal surgery. A technical note with a review of the literature
Montano, N.
;Giordano M.;Caccavella V. M.;Ioannoni E.;Polli, F. M.;Papacci, F.;Olivi, A.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE
https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2020.07.011

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Defence steps back from move to strip veterans of military decorations after war crimes inquiry
By defence correspondent Andrew Greene
Posted MonMonday 30 NovNovember 2020 at 9:47amMonMonday 30 NovNovember 2020 at 9:47am , updated MonMonday 30 NovNovember 2020 at 7:40pmMonMonday 30 NovNovember 2020 at 7:40pm
General Campbell originally said he would recommend revoking the meritorious citation for those who served in the task group in Afghanistan between 2007 and 2013. (Supplied)
The Defence chief has bowed to public and political pressure, saying "no decision" has yet been made on whether to revoke honours awarded to Australian soldiers for service in Afghanistan.
General Campbell had said he would recommend meritorious unit citation be stripped from the SOTG
He has since faced public criticism from politicians and veterans about the move
General Campbell said on Monday "no decisions" had yet been made on how to implement the Bereton report recommendations
When releasing the Brereton report this month General Angus Campbell said he would recommend to the Governor-General that the meritorious unit citation be stripped from the Special Operations Task Group (SOTG) following revelations of alleged war crimes.
Since announcing the move on November 19, General Campbell has faced considerable pressure over the decision, with Prime Minister Scott Morrison declaring on Monday: "No decisions have been made on that."
Veterans believe about 3,000 members of the SOTG which served in Afghanistan from 2007-2013 would be affected by a decision to revoke the military decoration.
Read the redacted IGADF report here.
In a statement issued on Monday evening, General Campbell said "no decisions have yet been made" regarding how to implement the more than 140 recommendations of the Brereton report.
What is a "war crime"?
"War crimes" are outlined in section 268 of the Commonwealth Criminal Code
They include offences such as wilful killing, torture, inhumane treatment, wilfully causing suffering, attacking civilians and mutilation
The punishment for such offences range from 17 years jail to imprisonment for life
"Any further action in response to the Inspector-General's recommendations will be considered as part of the implementation plan, which is being developed with the oversight of the Minister for Defence and the independent Afghanistan Inquiry Implementation Oversight Panel," he said.
"Transparency is key to this process and I intend to speak publicly again once the initial implementation plan is developed and first considered by Defence leadership and presented to Government for consideration and input."
The Federal Government has also faced considerable public pressure over the decision to revoke the meritorious unit citation, particularly because Defence it is yet to identify any senior officers who share accountability for crimes committed on their watch.
The Afghan Files
The ABC's Afghan Files stories in 2017 gave an unprecedented insight into the operations of Australia's elite special forces, detailing incidents of troops killing unarmed men and children and concerns about a "warrior culture" among soldiers.
When asked about the controversy on Monday, Mr Morrison noted Defence's response to the Brereton report was being supervised by a new oversight panel and he suggested he would have the final say on the matter.
"And where decisions were to be made on that, that would only be following a further process, and that is where that matter rests right now," Mr Morrison said.
"As always, governors-general take [the] advice of their prime ministers."
In a colourful attack on Monday, former soldier turned independent senator Jacqui Lambie also blasted General Campbell over his "heartbreaking order".
"If General Campbell has not felt the bitch slap from all those millions of Australians out there, he needs to pull his head out of his arse," Senator Lambie told reporters in Canberra.
The Defence all-hours Support Line is a confidential telephone and online service for ADF members and their families 1800 628 036
Open Arms provides 24-hour free and confidential counselling and support for current and former ADF members and their families 1800 011 046
Soldier On is a national support services provider for Defence personnel, contemporary veterans, and their families. Contact during office hours 1300 620 380
SAS soldiers made to shoot prisoners to get their first kill, 39 civilians 'murdered', inquiry finds
Afghanistan war crime report a nasty but necessary reckoning of a shameful recent history
What did Australian soldiers do and is anyone going to jail? What you need to know
'Warrior culture' and 'toxic competitiveness' a 'failure' of unit and high command, ADF chief says
'These few people have tarnished our reputation', former Defence Force chief says
Posted 30 NovNovember 2020MonMonday 30 NovNovember 2020 at 9:47am , updated 30 NovNovember 2020MonMonday 30 NovNovember 2020 at 7:40pm
Anger grows over move to strip Afghanistan war veterans of military decorations
The Anzac legend has collided with the sick culture of a few self-centred warriors
SAS soldiers made to shoot prisoners to get their first kill, 39 Afghans 'murdered', inquiry finds
Defence and National Security
Defence Forces


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If you are like me and most people you HATE Ads, you try with all your might, to avoid clicking them, and Advertising Companies and Browsers, literally, live off of your mistaken accidental clicks.
We spend more thought energy and time, trying not to click something, or to not hover over text based Ads (those highlighted words that aren't links to other pages that pop up a box with an Ad in it based on the word).
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2020 WINNERS NEWS SHOWS PLAN YOUR VACATION DISCOVER BRANSON ABOUT ADVERTISE CONTACT
News from Branson
A Peek Into The Deep: New aquarium brings sea creatures to Branson
December 14, 2020 By Becca Martin-Brown
Steve Bitter sounds a lot like a proud papa -- but he's got more "children" to care for than he can count. Bitter is the director of husbandry at Branson's brand-new Aquarium at the Boardwalk, and he's responsible for more than 7,500 sea creatures, along with 16 aquarists and life support specialists.
It's a passion that was born when Bitter was just a kid himself.
"I grew up in the Arizona desert and visited the California coast when I was about 7 or 8," he remembers. "This started a lifelong fascination with the world underwater."
A job in a pet store's fish department -- "I had a ball watching them, caring for them and talking about them with customers" -- eventually led Bitter to the Marine Aquarium Conference at the National Aquarium in Baltimore. "I was overwhelmed to learn that caring for fish in aquariums was a real profession in an amazing industry," he marvels. "Over the last 15 years, I moved to Tampa and worked at The Florida Aquarium as a senior biologist, then went home to Tempe, Ariz., and worked as the curator at Sea Life. From there, I became part of Sea Life's global development team and opened seven aquariums in the U.S., China, Japan, Malaysia and the United Kingdom.
"Last year, I was fortunate enough to get the opportunity to come and work on this beautiful aquarium project," he says. "My wife, Heidi, and I moved to Branson, and we love the community. It's been a joy to work with Kuvera Partners on building the aquarium, and now that we're open, I'm especially excited that I get to work with the really fantastic husbandry team that we have at this facility."
Being in on the ground floor meant Bitter guided a "complex process" to choose the animals the aquarium would house.
"We began working on it during the early aquarium design process because we wanted to pair 'star species' with themed environments," he explains. "For example, we planned for lobsters, crabs and eels to live in habitats that are part of a shipwreck zone, and we included rays and sharks in the large coral reef touch pool. Many revisions and additions were made along the way, considering the guest experience; the relationships and dynamics among the species; ethical sourcing; and our ability to house them at the highest standards for their entire lives."
Perhaps the biggest challenge was the largest exhibit, the Grand Aquarium, "designed to showcase the diversity and splendor of the tropical oceans."
"With this in mind, we wanted to have as many animal species as possible, but we had to make sure they could all live together in harmony for their entire lives," he relates. "Tropical reef fish often have much more complex social lives than we give them credit for, and they also have dynamics with other species that we had to account for. So, it was a challenge to select fish that wouldn't push each other around for territory, compete for food, or try to eat one another.
"Because I've been fortunate in my career to work closely with so many remarkable species, I was able to use my knowledge of each fish's habits and behaviors to choose animals that fit into the aquatic community we wanted to build," he continues. "In the end, we were able to create this habitat with over 2,000 individuals from nearly 100 species all living together. The Grand Aquarium houses everything from sharks and rays to small damselfish and wrasses. So far, I've been really pleased at how well the animals have settled in together, and I'm looking forward to seeing them continue to thrive."
Bitter explains that some of the animals needed new homes -- among them the blacktip reef sharks, who were born at other aquariums that had run out of room -- and some were sourced in the wild, but "we spent countless hours researching the origin of every single animal to make sure they came to us from sustainable and transparent sources and were handled very carefully along the way." He also got to share one of his own conservation goals in the Observation Station exhibit.
"Since really getting serious about aquariums, I've been in love with corals, and I'm especially delighted by the relationship of corals with other animals," he enthuses. The seven individual windows along one wall in the Observation Station "are meant to be special views into the coral reef ecosystem where guests can see how tiny invertebrates depend on corals. Corals perform what I think is the most important work in the ocean, and I was lucky enough to do some coral reef fieldwork with Coral Restoration Foundation during my time in Florida. Unfortunately, nearly all of the corals in the Florida Reef Tract have disappeared in our lifetime. I hope that our aquarium will inspire guests to learn more about coral and help the Coral Restoration Foundation restore that area."
Visitors to the aquarium can also meet some of the animals up close, and Bitter has worked diligently to make the experience a good one for everyone involved.
"We have two touch experiences, one with rays and sharks, and another with cold water invertebrates like sea anemones and sea stars," he says. "We get the rays and sharks used to light touching in the course of normal care and during feeding times. So, they don't get especially bothered by the touching in the touch pool, as long as guests follow the guidelines we provide. We ask that our guests use a two-finger touch on specific zones of the animals. This not only keeps the guests safe, but also keeps the stimulus consistent for the animals so they don't get startled or perturbed. We think this allows for a really terrific guest experience, as it allows the guests to feel shark skin (rough) and ray skin (smooth and slippery) and to appreciate the unique aspects of each.
"At first glance, the invertebrates are less reactive, but the touch experience is still quite exciting," he adds. "The sea stars are echinoderms, and they have a unique texture unlike anything else. Anemones actually have a light stinging cell on each tentacle -- not dangerous though! -- so they stick to the fingers of anyone who touches them."
One thing Bitter doesn't have to worry about is his sea creatures contracting the coronavirus. It is limited to mammals, "and here at the aquarium we only have coldblooded animals, so the animals in our care are not susceptible to covid-19."
"However," he adds, "we are very conscious of guest safety, and we are taking numerous steps to protect their health, including timed entry, mandatory face coverings, social distancing and constant cleaning. One area we focus on in the animal care department is the operation of the touch exhibits, since there is human-to-animal contact there. Fortunately, our best information is that saltwater is a disinfectant for covid-19, so any worry about the animals spreading the virus between guests doesn't seem to be an actual risk."
Aquarium at the Boardwalk
WHEN — Hours vary by day; please check the website for the most up-to-date schedule
WHERE — 2700 W. 76 Country Blvd. in Branson
COST — $19.99-$39.99
INFO — (417) 335-FISH or www.aquariumattheboardwalk.com
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It's All In The Family: Hughes Brothers Share Traditions with their Fans
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A team of detectives are currently following up on all possible leads following a house robbery on a farm about 10km outside Kirkwood, at about 20:15, on Friday night.
"It is alleged that the complainant (40) arrived home at about 20:00 and soon afterwards two unknown males entered the premises, both armed with a 9mm [pristol] pretending to look for alcohol.
"A third suspect, also armed, joined the two and threatened the complainant and his female friend," described police spokesperson, Captain Gerda Swart.
"The suspects took an undisclosed amount of money, cellphones and fled on foot from the scene."
Both victims received medical treatment after the SAPS were notified.
"We are investigating a case of house robbery. No arrests were made as yet and anyone, who might be able to assist with any information, may contact the investigating officer, Detective Warrant Officer Wouter Verwey on 0848462273," said Capt Swart.
"Let us share information and support each other in the fight against crime. Crime Stop 08600 10111 or Crime Line SMS 32211. Callers can remain anonymous."


text:
The 1963–64 season is the 84th season of competitive football by Rangers.

Overview
Rangers played a total of 52 competitive matches during the 1963–64 season.

Results
All results are written with Rangers' score first.

Scottish First Division

Scottish Cup

League Cup

European Cup

Appearances

See also
 1963–64 in Scottish football
 1963–64 Scottish Cup
 1963–64 Scottish League Cup
 1963–64 European Cup

References

Scottish football championship-winning seasons
Rangers F.C. seasons
Rangers

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Finding a reputable accountant who has vast experience in this area can be hard. We are proud to have built up our reputation over the years and have enjoyed many successes working alongside Doctors. It is this reputation that can give you confidence when choosing Alexander Myerson & Co Limited as your professional advisors.
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As well as the routine work such as Accounts Preparation, Personal and Corporate Tax, Tax Planning, Book-keeping and Payroll, we regularly provide advice on partnership merger and splits, partners drawings, capital accounts and superannuation shortfall projections.
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We offer a free no obligation consultation to discuss your specific needs and requirements and provide you with an overview of the services we provide to satisfy your needs.


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About Career & Technical Education
State & National Policy Issues
State & National Reports
Resources for Districts
Why a Vocational-Technical School?
For Adult Students
Atlantic County Institute of Technology
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Cape May County Technical Schools
Cumberland County Technical Education Center
Essex County Schools of Technology
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Hunterdon County Vocational School District
Mercer County Technical Schools
Middlesex County Vocational and Technical Schools
Monmouth County Vocational School District
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Passaic County Technical Institute
Salem County Vocational Technical School Disctrict
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About Career and Technical Education
From the Philadelphia Inquirer: N.J. voters will decide on borrowing for more technical education, bulletproofing for schools
By Maddie Hanna
New Jersey voters will decide next week whether to borrow $500 million to expand county vocational schools and fund security projects, spending that advocates say would provide a needed investment in school infrastructure.
Read the story on the Philadelphia Inquirer web site.
A Salem County Vocational-Technical Schools health sciences student explains her latest project
If voters approve the ballot question, dubbed the "Securing Our Children's Future Bond Act," $350 million would be spent on the vocational-technical schools as well as school security upgrades. An additional $100 million would fund water infrastructure projects in school districts, which were required by the state in 2016 to test their water for lead. The remaining $50 million would go to county college career and technical programs.
Nationally, nearly 84 percent of statewide school bond measures pass, according to the National Conference of State Legislatures. In 2012, New Jersey voters approved $750 million in bonds for construction at public and private colleges and universities.
But Garden State voters' track record on bond measures not related to environmental preservation is mixed, said Patrick Murray, pollster at Monmouth University. Still, Murray expects the measure — which hasn't garnered much campaign attention — to pass, in part because Democratic turnout "is going to be so high, relatively speaking."
Both Democratic and Republican lawmakers supported the ballot measure, which was backed by business groups as a way to help grow the state's workforce.
Demand has been outstripping capacity at the county vocational-technical schools, which have been growing in popularity as they offer more technology-driven programs, said Judy Savage, executive director of the New Jersey Council of County Vocational-Technical Schools.
Enrollment at the schools — located in each of the state's 21 counties — is 33,000, up 34 percent since 2000, according to Savage. Last year, they turned away 17,000 students, she said.
New Jersey employers, meanwhile, say they need more workers for technical jobs.
"It's not people to work on an assembly line. Robots work on an assembly line," Savage said. "But somebody needs to program the robots."
Like school districts, the vocational schools receive state aid, but for years that funding was relatively stagnant. While some counties have been able to bond for new projects, "the majority of counties have not been able to do that," Savage said. "We've got some schools that just have been hamstrung in any ability to expand."
Counties with vocational schools approved for a grant would have to fund 25 percent of the project cost.
It's unclear how much money from the ballot question might go to vocational schools. The measure designates $350 million in total for vocational school grants and school security projects — the product of a conditional veto by Gov. Murphy, who halved lawmakers' proposal to bond $1 billion due to concerns about the state's existing debt load.
Bonding the $1 billion would have cost the state between $1.7 billion and $2.2 billion, depending on the interest rate, according to the nonpartisan Office of Legislative Services. For $500 million, "you could probably largely divide the numbers in half," said Frank Haines, legislative budget and finance officer. He noted that while the office's calculations assumed a 30-year maturity period, the state's general obligation bonds tend to have a shorter period, which "would probably mean less interest."
While a number of school districts have issued bonds for security projects, advocates say the ballot measure would provide an added financial source for districts, which have to abide by a 2 percent property tax increase cap.
Projects like securing vestibules — having two levels of entry at a school building — and coating first-floor windows with bulletproof film have been in demand in districts around the state, said Frank Belluscio, spokesman for the New Jersey School Boards Association.
Because of the levy cap, "it's very difficult to increase your revenues to pay for security upgrades," he said. Under the ballot measure, school districts would be eligible for grants for construction and improvements to school buildings for security purposes, but not for routine maintenance.
The $100 million would be available for school district water infrastructure projects. Since implementing a requirement in 2016 that districts test their water for lead, the state has reimbursed public schools nearly $3.2 million for testing, according to the state Department of Education.
But that money doesn't cover the cost of infrastructure improvements. "It's remediation where the districts need more help," Belluscio said.
The remaining $50 million would go to county colleges. As with the vocational schools, the grants to colleges would be for expanding or adding career and technical education programs.
State officials, including the education commissioner, would be charged with developing procedures to review and approve grants. Lawmakers would get to review a list of projects before they are approved.
From ROI-NJ: Accelerating education: Middlesex vo-tech student jump-starts career with Jaguar Land Rover
Read this article as it originally appeared Jan. 21, 2020 on ROI-NJ. After Rafael Miranda graduated from the auto program at Middlesex County Vocational Technical School in Perth Amboy, he landed a [ Read More: From ROI-NJ: Accelerating education: Middlesex vo-tech student jump-starts career with Jaguar Land Rover ]
From the Burlington County Times: Enrollment, applications up at BCIT. Here's an inside look.
This article originally appeared January 24, 2020 in the Burlington County Times. WESTAMPTON — Enrollment and applications are on the rise at the county's technical schools. Students who choose the [ Read More: From the Burlington County Times: Enrollment, applications up at BCIT. Here's an inside look. ]
From The Cape May Herald: Tech Programs Teach Sustainability
Read this article as it originally appeared Jan. 14, 2020 in The Cape May Herald. CREST HAVEN – The deadline for the annual holiday door decorating contest was closing fast [ Read More: From The Cape May Herald: Tech Programs Teach Sustainability ]
Copyright © 2020 New Jersey Council Of County Vocational–Technical Schools. 154 West State Street, Trenton, NJ 08608 All Rights Reserved.
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Wall-thinning investigation of three carbon steel pipe samples from secondary section of nuclear power plants has been carried out in this paper. The operating conditions of the three pipe samples are quite different, which leads to the different wall-thinning reasons and characteristics of the pipes. The chemical compositions of the steel materials, the stereomicroscope examinations, SEM examinations, as well as the XRD analysis are performed. The results show that: The wall-thinning of No.1 elbow was caused by erosion corrosion; the wall-thinning of No.2 elbow was caused by flow accelerated corrosion; the wall-thinning and crevasse of No.3 orifice plate was caused by cavitations. Measures to solve the wall-thinning problems of different pipes are also given in this paper.
Ma N, Wang L, Qin J. Wall-Thinning Analysis of the Pipelines in the Secondary Section of NPP. ASME. International Conference on Nuclear Engineering, Volume 1: Plant Operations, Maintenance, Engineering, Modifications, Life Cycle and Balance of Plant; Nuclear Fuel and Materials; Radiation Protection and Nuclear Technology Applications ():V001T01A006. doi:10.1115/ICONE21-15076.


text:
Home›Events›Hawk Mountain Arts Tour & Sale
The Philippine Eagle is the world's largest eagle
Hawk Mountain Arts Tour & Sale
Saturday, June 1, 2019 from 9 am - 5 pm
FREE Self-guided driving tour. Held every year on the first Saturday in June.
Download the 2019 tour maps here!
Pick your own route, set your own pace, and enjoy a wide variety of art by talented artists displaying their work in their home studios or host locations. The self-guided driving tour winds about a 25-mile radius all within scenic Albany Township, this year with a satellite location at Hamburg Park.
Kick off your driving tour with a refreshing smoothie or iced coffee, provided by the Perk Up Truck, a mobile smoothie bar and cafe that will be stationed at the Hawk Mountain Visitor Center for all visitors to enjoy!
Visit the Arts Tour Facebook page!
Todd Gladfelter: Blacksmith Artist & Chainsaw Carver
Stop #1: Hawk Mountain Visitor Center
1700 Hawk Mountain Road, Kempton, PA 19529
Todd Gladfelter is an artist with several specializations that include working with metal, wood and carving logs by chainsaw. As a blacksmith, he forges metal using traditional tools and techniques to make a wide variety of items. He chainsaw carves hefty logs into birds and other animals, and creates a wide array of handmade fine furniture including cabinets, mirrors, and jewelry boxes. Gladfelter will display samples of all of his work and will demonstrate his carving at Hawk Mountain Sanctuary.
Elaine Briner: Painted Glass Bottles
Farmland raptors in Pennsylvania are benefiting from a Berks County artist's involvement in the Hawk Mountain Sanctuary Farmland Raptor Project, a program that builds nesting boxes and improves habitat for Barn Owls, American Kestrels, Short-eared owls and Northern Harriers. Adorning recycled wine bottles prepared by other volunteers, Briner paints native flowers, butterflies, birds of prey, farm animals, and anything else that inspires her artistic talents. The lighted wine bottles help to raise money for the program when contributors donate $20 or more for these one-of-a-kind lights. Briner has been helping with this program since 2013. Bottles are available at the Hawk Mountain Sanctuary Gift Shop.
Hope Hill Lavender Farm: Natural Products
www.hopehilllavenderfarm.com
Hope Hill Lavender Farm propagates and grows their plants that they distill their essential oil from to create products to make you and your environment smell great naturally. They will also cut flowers for their culinary that day and/or making product as part of their demonstration.
Their store is located 15 minutes from Hawk Mountain on the Schuylkill side, and there people can see the farm and their certified pollinator garden. They also keep bees have lavender plants for sale at that time of year.
Kinder Hawk Schoolhouse
Stop #2
1049 Hawk Mountain Rd. Kempton, PA 19529
kinder0.wixsite.com/vacationrentals/kinder-hawk
Built in 1885, many Kempton children walked daily to and from their farms to Bolich's School to learn their ABC's. Remodeled into a private residence in the early 1960's after the Kutztown School District unified all the one room schoolhouses and built the Albany Elementary School in downtown Kempton, Kinder Hawk was then the residence to the Miller Family. Jim and Cheryl Robertson purchased the schoolhouse in December of 2014, and once again rejoined it to their farm. Kinder Hawk has again been transformed and is now available as a charming and private, year-round vacation rental.
Ron Imboden: Watercolor Artist
Stop #2: Kinder Hawk Schoolhouse
facebook.com/ronimbodenwatercolors
Ron Imboden is a water color artist known for his paintings of Berks County and surrounding areas. His subjects are a reflection of the local rural scenery and farming community. Items on display include framed originals, framed prints, matted prints and assorted packs of note cards.
Rose Fritch: Organic Skin Care, Essential Oils, & Jewelry
instagram.com/rosefritch
Rose Fritch is a local, independent artist, making small batch organic skincare products using essential oils, custom essential oil blends, and Botanical Aroma Rollers, in addition to essential oil jewelry, including diffuser bracelets, necklaces, and earrings.
Willi Singleton: Wood Fired Pottery
Stop #3: Pine Creek Pottery (Willi's home/studio)
843 Hawk Mountain Road, Kempton, PA 19529
www.willisingleton.com
Willi explains that making pots is like cooking. You have to start with good ingredients to get a flavorful, satisfying result. By using local clays (from Hawk Mountain and the Northern Chesapeake), and various ashes for glaze (wood, bamboo, and corn stalk) he tries to make pots with a pleasing flavor. Using a wood flame to fire these pots enhances the character of these materials. Although there are not many obvious ash deposits on his pots, the variety of colors and textures in them are largely due to the wood flame interacting with the clay and glaze materials, just as food cooked over an open fire carries a taste of the flame and smoke.
Angie Wagner: Basketry, Marbled Silk Scarves, & Weaving
Stop #4: The Country Seat
1013 Old Philly Pike, Kempton PA 19529-9321
www.countryseat.com
Come to Country Seat to see award-winning basketry, gourd weaving, marbled silk scarves, woven seat stools, rockers, & more! Angie is a juried member of the Pennsylvania Guild of Craftsmen who specializes in handwoven baskets, gourd art, beaded and woven jewelry and marbled silk and silk/wool scarves. She and her parents Donna and Bill Longnecker operate The Country Seat, a supply store featuring a complete line of basketry, gourd weaving and chair seating supplies as well as basketry classes from local, national and international instructors.
Jeffrey Schucker: Custom Wood Products
Spot #5: Bailey Wood Products, Inc
441 Mountain Rd, Kempton PA, 19529
www.baileywp.com
Bailey Wood Products has been in continuous operation for 90 years, producing custom made wooden items such as bowls, furniture, bar tops, cheese/cutting boards, garden frames, and more. They also make and install hardwood flooring, outdoor decks, stairs, etc. Visit their headquarters located on the corner of their farm and see the making of these products in action.
Wanamaker's General Store
8888 Kings Highway, Kempton, PA 19529
www.wanamakersgeneralstore.com
Wanamakers is an old-fashioned, family-owned general store that offers everything from groceries and homemade deli items to locally produced crafts and made-in-the-USA toys. This is a great place to get lunch during the Arts Tour! Call ahead and order so you don't have to wait. Menu is available on their website.
The store was built in the late 1870s from brick manufactured in the adjoining meadow, and timber milled from the slopes of the Blue Mountains in Northern Lehigh County. Today, the Hungaskis carry on the Wanamakers tradition as a full-service general store. They offer quality groceries, locally produced foods, arts and crafts, hunting and fishing licenses, and homemade deli items.
Victor Fritch/Art Beats: Antique Metal Sculptures
Stop #6: Wanamaker's General Store
etsy.com/shop/victorfritchartbeats
Victor Fritch is a local artist working with antique metals to create small, unique, and delicate metal sculptures. He is a recycled metal artist using mostly vintage silverware and found objects to create his one-of-a-kind pieces.
Blossom Hollow Designs: Handmade Jewelry and Accessories
etsy.com/shop/BlossomHollowDesigns
Unique handmade jewelry designs and accessories for every occasion and budget. They have been creating designs for over five years and have been selling locally at Wanamaker's General Store for over four. They offer custom designs in everything from metal alloys and glass beads to precious metals and semi precious stones. Leather working, hand metal stamping, and silver creations "cold casted" from clay formed and fired to produce 99.9% pure silver pieces and more!
Albany Township Historical Society
404 Old Philly Pike, Kempton PA 19529
albanyths.org
The mission of the Albany Township Historical Society is to collect historical artifacts and documents, to preserve historical landmarks, to provide opportunities for education and research, and to preserve the Pennsylvania German language, and other local dialects, and finally, to preserve the culture of the past, present and future.
Joanne Minnick: Metal Sculptor
Stop #7: Albany Township Historical Society
elementalmetaldesign.com
As a long time resident of the valley to the north of Hawk Mountain, Joanna continues to be held in awe by the beauty of this special place. When not working in her home studio there, she is probably hiking, birding, biking, or floating on the Little Schuylkill River. She attempts to convey a spiritual connection to the artistry of nature in her metalwork.
The Hawk Mountain landscape is a frequent theme in her copper wire wrapped agate panels. Large sculptures that combine dissimilar metals such as aluminum and stainless steel are favorites too. When working with copper and both new and ancient patinas, this element's secrets can be delightfully revealed!
Joanne will be demonstration metal forming techniques on the tour at her new location, the Albany Township Historical Society's newly renovated building.
Julie Richards: Dimensional/Sculptural Art & Garden Art
Being a multifaceted person, Julie's art follows her personality. She is a life-taught artist and experimenter. She uses elements from nature, which is the catalyst and backdrop to blend her vision of nature into existence. Julie uses materials such as wood, metal, glass, clay, and anything else that inspires her. Combined with other mixed medias, she gives color, texture, and reflection to her art to expand and balance their natural beauty.
Kathi Mengle: Mixed Media
facebook.com/kathi.mengle
Kathi is a self taught mixed medium artist and is currently a studio artist at the Walk In Art Center. Her work tends to focus on what she's interested in or feeling at the time of creating. Like a mad scientist, she enjoys mixing mediums and subjects together, not knowing the end result. Some of her pieces are a visual fantasy of colors that create a mood. She likes the challenge of working with other artists and has been involved with collaboration art auctions to benefit public and private organizations. Her biggest inspiration is music, but nature, architecture, and other artist works have also inspired her.
Sheila Grube: Zentangle (Pen & Ink)
www.sheilagrube.com
Sheila Grube is a Certified Zentangle Teacher living in Schuylkill County. After following the path of 'shoulds' for far too long, Zentangle® found her and changed her life forever. She now practices and teaches this meditative art form full time, spreading the language of Zentangle® to anyone that will share in her journey. A true passion for this art shines through with each word she speaks about it as well as each piece she completes, showing gratitude for the journey she's on. Ultimately she will show you that you do have creativity, but she might also offer you a natural tool to explore something even deeper within by simply picking up a pen and a piece of paper.
Barbara Strawser: Folk Painter
etsy.com/shop/strawserart
Barbara Strawser, Central PA Folk Painter, born in Berks County, Mother and Self-Taught Artist, avid Gardener and Illustrator of Little Book of Blessings and Little Book of Home by Running Press, Phila.
Jeff Dietrich: Pottery
facebook.com/LoghousePottery
Jeff is a local artist and maker of Redware and Stoneware Pottery, including beautiful, one-of-a-kind vases, plates, and more.
Russell Dotterer: Custom Wood Work
Russell is a local wood working artist, creating unique, custom wood products for anything and everything. His products include cutting boards, rolling pins, bottle stoppers, bird feeders, bird houses, step stools, and more!
Shawn Claypoole: Jonathan's Spoons
3716 Route 737, Kempton PA 19529
www.woodspoon.com/
Nationally-known Jonathan's Spoons are created right here in the Kempton Valley! Come see and/or purchase a variety of handcrafted wooden kitchen utensils made from Pennsylvania cherry wood.
Pamela's Forget-Me-Not Bed and Breakfast
Spot #9
33 Hawk Mountain Rd. Kempton, PA 19529
www.pamelasforgetmenot.com
Built in 1879, Pamela's is an impressive country Victorian home located on Hawk Mountain Road that has been painstakingly decorated and updated for comfort and convenience. Guests receive breakfast prepared using natural and organic ingredients.
David Hughes: Wildlife Artist
Spot #9: Pamela's Forget-Me-Not Bed & Breakfast
http://deertrailstudio.weebly.com
David specializes in birds of prey, songbirds and other wildlife on canvas and offers pencil sketches, acrylics, watercolors, and most recently, paintings using coffee. He brings his inspirations from sketchpad to canvas with passion and energy for the sheer love of nature and the satisfaction of sharing his talents with others. Most pieces are one-of-a-kind copyrighted originals. Several of his latest works have been made into prints and note cards.
Jeff Keiffer: Wood & Decoy Carver
Jeff carves unique, antique-style decoys and carvings. He tries to use the same tools that the carvers used 100 years ago, and then works to make the paint look aged, creating a one-of-a-kind piece of art.
Phil Campbell: Wildlife & Nature Photography
Phil began making photographic images in the late 1970's which included family, nature, hiking, and backpacking. An interest in nature, and birding in particular, and the desire to record these images on film as art has focused his photography. His interest in nature led to a long relationship with Hawk Mountain Sanctuary as a member and volunteer counter during fall migration. Images of World War II aircraft and reenactment events are the due to a keen interest in World War II history.
Primarily self-taught Phil completed classes in traditional black and white photography at Baum School of Art in Allentown, Pennsylvania and software editing class at the Banana Factory in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. Today he uses digital and film cameras with color and black and white film.
Jonathan Bond: Fine Art Landscapes
Stop #10
59 Kempton Road, Kempton, PA 19529
www.jonathanbond.com
Jon draws inspiration from the rustic scenery of northern Berks County. His paintings reflect the awesome sunsets and atmospherics of the Kittatinny Ridge and iconic farmsteads of Pennsylvania Dutch Country. Jon works primarily in oils, most often on wood panels, and occasionally on scraps of cardboard when preparing studies or sketches. He has exhibited in countless juried shows and has been awarded numerous honors for his work. More than 80 new works will be on display for this year's tour.
"The Place I Call Home" is the theme of Jon's exhibit for this year's arts tour. This exhibit will feature art and music from an art book and musical CD collaboration with musician Dave Kline. More than 80 new originals will on display, including oils, egg tempera, watercolors, and pen and ink images of rural Berks County. May gift items including Jon's works are available for purchase.
Gene Allen: Fine Art Landscapes
Gene Allen and Jeanne Stock
5008 Golden Key Rd. Kempton, PA 19529
Gene is an artist and landscape painter who creates landscapes using acrylics and oils, and he is primarily interested in visually preserving nature's natural beauty. He shows his work in his barn studio on the corner of Eile Dahl Rd and Golden Key Rd.
Jeanne Stock: Dry Pastel Artist
Stop #11: Gene Allen's barn studio
jeannestockfineart.com
Jeanne finds that the pure pigments of dry pastels are a wonderful medium to capture the nuances of light and the subtlety of color, which is what intrigues her. Her subject matter is the quiet but interesting detail of things that surround us every day that often go unnoticed—the homely pears from the garden, comical hens, the beautiful light on an icy winter morning. She says it is a joy to spy these "happy finds" and a pleasure to share them in her artwork.
The Nesting Box: Market and Creamery
230 Snyder Rd, Kempton PA 19529
facebook.com/pg/The-Nesting-Box-Farm-Market-Creamery
The Nesting Box is feeding the Greater Lehigh Valley one egg at a time! They make delicious and organic products using cage-free eggs from hens fed grains grown on their farm right here in the Kempton Valley. They recently opened their ice cream shop, making this the perfect mid-way stop on the Arts Tour!
Dan Christ: Wildlife Artist
Spot #13: Dan Christ Art Gallery
23 Spitzenberg Lane, Kempton, PA 19529
www.danchristgallery.com
Dan Christ is recognized for his highly detailed and accurate studies of turkey, deer and bear in natural settings. Most of Dan's paintings are a result of his hunting and hiking experiences. They often begin with actual settings that depict perfect habitat for his subjects. The wildlife is blended into the scene to capture the thrill of a wildlife encounter anyone can appreciate.
Pictured is his work "Zebra Security," a 2019 oil original from a photo safari in Kruger National Park, South Africa 2018.
Mark Amey: Hand-thrown Pottery
Spot #14
189 Blue Rocks Rd, Lenhartsville PA 19534
www.markamey.com
A native of Lower Bucks County, Mark has been working with clay for over 30 years. Beginning as a production potter, he continued to practice pottery as a hobby while he developed a career in home building and design. After a brief hiatus, Mark reestablished a studio in his home in Lenhartsville. Mark now creates unique, one-of-a-kind functional pieces. They are primarily made with stoneware clays that are reduction-fired using simple oxides and glazes. The simplicity of the finish compliments the natural qualities of the clay and the beauty of each form.
Also at Mark's home and studio will be Brett and Amanda Amey exhibiting their printmaking and pottery.
Eric Claypoole: Hexsign Artist
227 Schock Road, Lenhartsville, Pa 19534
www.claypoolehexsigns.com
Eric Claypoole is a traditional hex sign artist, creating art that dates back hundreds of years. By researching, lecturing and hand painting these cultural icons, he hopes to preserve a heritage that is quickly becoming a lost art. Eric's work carries on a long family tradition: Johnny Claypoole, his father, began painting hex signs in 1962, and he was taught by the legendary Johnny Ott, the self-proclaimed "Dr. of Hexology."
Hamburg Area Arts Alliance
Hamburg Community Park
Stop #16: Satellite Location
Hamburg Community Park / Etchberger Memorial Park
Park Rd, Hamburg PA 19526
Artists Displaying:
Anderson Wood Turning
Bee Silky Soap
Dire Brie: Photography by Robert Lanshe
Emma Ketterer Photography
Ken's Art
Martafact Studio
Martha Ressler
Pirjo Ceramic Creations
Rebecca Kunkleman
Ressler Art Studio
Susan's Ceramics
The Doily Lady
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Tanzania: 30-years in jail for marrying or impregnating schoolgirls, parliament resolves
Tanzania has passed a provision, which stipulates that men who impregnate or marry schoolgirls will face 30 years in prison as part of the government's commitment to fight and prevent child marriage. The country has one the highest child marriage prevalence rates in the world, and to eliminate the scourge, the government has resolved to take tougher measures in the form of lengthy jail terms to protect school-girls.
In a landmark development, Tanzania has announced that men who impregnate or marry schoolgirls will face 30 years in prison as part of government commitment to fight and prevent child marriage. Parliament passed this new provision last month, which is meant to protect girls.
The country has one the highest child marriage prevalence rates in the world, and to eliminate the scourge, the government has resolved to take tougher measures in the form of lengthy jail terms to tackle child marriage and teenage pregnancy, to ensure girls can stay in school.
The provision stipulates that, "any person who impregnates a primary school or a secondary school girl commits an offence and shall, on conviction, be liable to imprisonment for a term of thirty years".
The provision also notes that aiding, abating or soliciting a primary or secondary school girl or a school boy to marry while pursuing primary or secondary education is an offence and on conviction, the offender is "liable to a fine of not less than five million shillings or to imprisonment for a term of five years or to both".
Girls like this schoolgirl in Central African Republic are often at risk of child marriage. (Photo: Pierre Holtz, UNICEF)
Tanzania's Law of Marriage Act (1971) permits boys to marry at 18 and allows the marriage of 15-year-old girls with parental permission. Girls (and boys) can marry at 14 with permission from a court.
Child marriage remains a huge problem in many African countries, with young girls being forced to drop out of school, which puts their future at risk. Unsurprisingly, in sub-Saharan Africa, about 40 percent of girls reportedly marry before the age of 18 and numerous countries have committed to ending child marriages (Zimbabwe and Malawi recently banned child marriages).
While there are various reasons, which perpetuate child marriage, rights campaigners have found that the practice is fuelled by, "intersections between gender discrimination and poverty; poor access to education and health services; customary practices; religious beliefs; and weak justice mechanisms".
Although the new provision in Tanzania does not address the root causes of child marriage, such as poverty, it offers strong protection to the vulnerable and complements the government's investments in education, particularly its free education policy. There is also need to strengthen advocacy programmes to change the perspective of citizens on the practice to ensure girls stay in schools.
The new provision is welcome and it is an important and commendable solution to fighting child marriage.
Read: Too, too young: Child marriage in Africa
According to girls not brides, about 15 million girls are married before the age of 18 every year across the world.
Girls not brides says, "Child brides are often disempowered, dependent on their husbands and deprived of their fundamental rights to health, education and safety. Neither physically nor emotionally ready to become wives and mothers, child brides are at greater risk of experiencing dangerous complications in pregnancy and childbirth".
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Yesterday Griffin and I went to the Children's Museum of Richmond ... also known as CMoR. He LOVES going there ... there's so much to do!
Let me just say ... I'm sick today and I'm pretty sure I caught it from one of the 500+ kids that were there yesterday. There were six schools there ... it was a bit hard to keep track of my little guy ... but we made it work.
We went ahead and signed up for our annual membership yesterday ... we plan to visit as often as possible. I can't wait for the warmer weather to get here ... they have this awesome water area outside that Griffin LOVES!!
Of course his favorite part of the museum is the water area.
Again ... it's all about the water!
And still ... more water!
And last night I added some new things to MY EBAY STORE!
Just look at all of that PINK ... they LOVE to play outside ... and they LOVED playing on the tractor.
Swimming Party at the Y.
Griffin was invited to a birthday party at the YMCA this past Friday night. After the birthday party ... they could all go for a swim in the pool.
You can click on any of the images for a clearer view.
Daddy giving Griffin a swimming lesson.
Does anyone know why my images look so blurry? I just can't figure it out. When I look at other blogs, pictures look so clear ... but not mine. Any suggestions??
Have you ever let your child do something that you normally wouldn't allow them to do, just to get a few minutes of quite?
Yesterday Griffin thought it would be fun to play with the spice jars ... and you know what? I let him. I shouldn't have ... but I did.
It was a no nap day at our house and he was something ... let me tell you.
But alas ... the spice jars provided a few minutes of quite.
Mike was out of town yesterday, so I had the opportunity to catch up on some of the DVR'd recordings of Paula's Home Cooking. Oh my gosh ... she of course had some wonderful recipes ... but I just have to say ... the Lady's Breakfast Burger was my favorite.
Get this ... a wonderfully, juicy hamburger ... served with an egg on top ... then bacon on top of that ... and then it's served on a Krispy Kreme donut. Yes!!! I said a Krispy Kreme donut. I knew that I loved Paula Deen before ... but after seeing this ... well ... I just know that we could be great friends!!!
And then last night I recorded two episodes of Paula's Party. I haven't had a chance to watch those. After Paula's Party, Bobby Flay's Throwdown was on. You will never guess who he was throwing down against! Paula Deen! They had a country fried steak throwdown. He had watched an episode of Paula's show to see how she made it and then came up with an idea similar (but totally different) than hers. When the throwdown happened Paula surprised him!! It was great. Instead of serving a white peppered gravy over the country fried steak as she did on that episode, she made a brown gravy with onions. After she fried the steak she put the country fried steak in the brown gravy and served it that way! Yum!!! My mouth is watering just thinking about it!
Paula won the throwdown of course ... what else did we expect?
I am sooooo in the mood to make some country fried steak for dinner. But we are having blackened seared salmon, wild rice and stir fried veggies.
A quicky post today to share some of the newest items in MY EBAY STORE!
My brother Jerome (aka Hut) and sister-in-law Bonnie recently renewed their wedding vows at Cypress Gardens in Winter Haven, FL. Over the Valentine's Day weekend Cypress Gardens had a special Valentine's Day event. The ceremony was held at the wedding gazebo in the botanical gardens.
The picture is of the ceremony ... pictured left to right are Savanah (Scott's girlfriend), Christina (Wade's girlfriend), Bonnie, the officiant, Jerome, Wade (Bonnie's oldest son) and Scott (her youngest son).
Jerome and Bonnie will celebrate 16 years of wedded bliss on May 9th!
It was a full hour devoted to Dancing with the Stars!
Seriously ... can anything be better than a full hour of Oprah and DWTS?
We had an ice storm last night ... I do not even want to leave the house today. Last time we had an ice storm we lost electricity for several days. This time it doesn't look like that is going to happen ... thank goodness!!!
Project Runway is one of my favorite tv shows ... it's funny, it's cool, and it's so much fun to watch!
Project Runway is a reality show that focuses on fashion design. Each week the contestants compete with each other to create the best designs. They are normally restricted in time, materials, and theme. Their designs are judged and someone is sent home each week. The winner of Project Runway wins a spread in Elle Magazine, a car, and money to begin their own clothing line.
Last night the reunion show was on, the finale will be on next week ... and I loved watching it!!
The final four are Christian, Chris, Rami and Jillian.
Christian ~ incredibly talented, a bit strange, cool hair, he's fierce!
Christ ~ he reminds me so much of Rosie O'Donnell for some reason ... he's funny and I just love his laugh/giggle. Everyone thought he would win "fan favorite" last night, but it went to Christian ... what a surprise!! He's very talented too.
Rami ~ so very talented. I just LOVE his clothes. He does alot of draping and I love the soft, muted colors he uses in his designs.
Jillian ~ the only female left in this season. She too is very talented.
Based on talent, novelty, design, etc ... I really think Christian should win, even though he is not my favorite designer. I'd love to see Rami win.
Tune in next Wednesday night at 10 pm on Bravo for the finale if you are interested!!
I just found out Cecile has a blog!! I hope she doesn't mind I'm noting her blog link here ... she has some pretty awesome paper piecings too!!
Griffin has discovered that he loves to vacuum!!
He'll actually go to the hall closet and say "Momma wanna do that" ... it's too cute!! I just hope he will keep this up when he is actually old enough to help with chores!!
I've added a couple things to MY EBAY STORE!
Who could ask for a better helper?
Who knew when I became a Mommy I would become so handy?
Need an airplane wing reattached?
Need a helicopter propellor to spin?
Need a tire changed on a tractor?
That, I can do too.
How about a windshield repaired on a car?
Griffin thinks I can fix anything.
When something is broken ... he comes to me and says "Fix It Momma" ... in his eyes I can fix everything and make it right. Of course when things are "un-fixable" he thinks by changing the batteries it will make it all right.
We've pretty much been up to "nothing" the past week or so. I have nothing fun and fabulous to share ... we've just been living our normal everyday lives.
But you know what? That's okay ... I love being at home ... although it's been so cold and wet it's been impossible to get outside.
I can hardly wait until spring ... with the warmer, drier weather ... and the trees in full flowering bloom. It's just such a nice time of year. It's only a few weeks away and I can not wait until it gets here.
New items added to MY EBAY STORE today!
We woke up yesterday morning with about 1" of snow on the ground. What a pleasant surprise! We weren't even expecting snow.
I just love how our property looks after a snow fall.
The cardinals are already here ... a little earlier than normal I think. I kept trying to get his picture while he was on the bird feeder ... but it just didn't happen. I finally got a pretty good picture of him in the tree. I love how he looks all bright red against the gray and white of the snow fall.
Look what's new in MY EBAY STORE today!


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Q: Firebase v9 ,Cannot get document from a nested collection I feel like it was easier to get subcollection in v8 ,It's been like 2 days trying to do it the new way but I gave up.
Im building a simple react social media app for learning purposes. where each user logs in and be able to post some text (and images but not atm),
I have a main collection for Users and it has the users ID .each of these users have a collection called Posts and it contains all the user posts.

I can do so by entering the UID of each user like so

so what can i do to access the Users collection then get ALL the users and be able to access the Posts subcollection?
ps : sorry if any part of this question is unclear ,english isn't my first language and it's my first time posting here. appreciate any help!.

A: If you want to fetch posts from all the users, you are looking for collectionGroup queries using which you can fetch documents in all the sub-collections named as 'posts'. You can run a collectionGroup query using Modular SDK (V9) as shown below:
import { getFirestore, getDocs, collectionGroup } from "firebase/firestore"
const db = getFirestore()

const allPosts = await getDocs(collectionGroup(db, "posts"))

A: const docRef = doc(db, "Users", currentUser.uid);
const docSnap = await getDocs(collection(docRef, "Posts");)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


W: Do you do the skate (a dance move made famous in the 1960s and by Davy Jones)?
B.Y.: I do a hybrid of stuff. I stole James Brown's "funky monkey," and I do a move called the "James Brown." I make my own spins on the moves.
W: Generic question, but what are you listening to while the band is on the road?
B.Y.: We're all into the into the same stuff and different stuff all at the same time. I used to think I grew up in the wrong era. ... We have so much readily available to us that I tend to go backwards with my music taste. I can get lost in Spotify with similar artists. I've grown to appreciate that the more I dig up. ... Upon listening to some bands, like Leaf Hound, you can hear the roots of stoner rock just beginning to form and it's cool to be able to have that now. It all influences it all in some way. ... You can take whatever you want out of it; it's your own little playground.
W: I see you are from Pottsville. Where does Crobot call home now?
B.Y: I'm from Tremont, near Pine Grove, closer to Pottsville.
W: The drummer and bassist (Paul and Jake Figueroa) are from New Jersey and guitarist Chris Bishop is from Tennessee. What did you have to do to get the rest of the band to move to central Pennsylvania?
B.Y: The band house is in Pottsville.
W: So you performed at Austin, Texas' SXSW indie music festival last year? How did that help our the band's career?
B.Y.: Each night was better than the first. We were kinda spoiled; we kinda partied the whole week. (Rapper) T.I. tried to steal Jake's pizza. ... We met (famed producer) Machine by accident at SXSW. We got done playing and were approached by Machine, who was completely blown away. It was a "Wayne's World" moment where we were like, "We're not worthy," because a few months before that (meeting), we gathered a list of dream producers and he was on it.
W: You just signed with Wine Up records and your new album, "The Legend of the Spaceborne Killer," is set for release later this year. Do you already have a full album's worth of material, or will it feature the songs from Crobot's self-titled, self-released debut of the same name?
B.Y.: We went in with Machine and re-recorded some of the old tracks and some new tracks. There will be Spotify bonus tracks, or something, and a few older songs will make the record. The live set we've been playing has been mostly new stuff.
W: I see there are a number of successful and highly produced performers on the new label (Creed, Evanescence, Filter, OAR, Seether). How, if at all, will the two-album, Wind Up contract alter Crobot's sound?
B.Y.: It's actually been really great with Wind Up. We were an exception to the family. They were really great and helping us out and not holding our hands, but taking a step back and giving us the tool and opportunities to try to deliver. This has been such a great experience for us; we really do feel like we're part of the family.
W: How is it to tour with today's bastions of hard rock? Sounds like a lot of leather and beer and hair.
B.Y.: We're on tour until Jan. 19 with Clutch and The Sword, then we'll join the SnoCore tour (with headliners Pretty Reckless, Heaven's Basement and The Letter Black).
W: What happens on a tour like that? Lots of drinking, cursing, smoking?
W: So with the Clutch tour stop and then the SnoCore stop, you'll be here twice in two months. Are you familiar with State College?
B.Y.: My first time there was at "The Basement," and we showed up and it really was someone's basement. It was a wild time. There were homemade cookies, kegs in the basement and some of the coolest bands. Every time I've played State College, it's been a blast. As soon as you pull in, it's cool.


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Home Best in Australia🥇 Best Art Galleries in Hobart
Best Art Galleries in Hobart
Painting exhibit inside a gallery. Source Pexels
Below is a list of the top and leading Art Galleries in Hobart. To help you find the best Art Galleries located near you in Hobart, we put together our own list based on this rating points list.
Hobart's Best Art Galleries:
Salamanca Arts Centre
Art Mob – Aboriginal Fine Art
The top rated Art Galleries in Hobart are:
Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery is Tasmania's leading natural, cultural and heritage organisation. It is a combined museum, art gallery and herbarium which safeguards the physical evidence of Tasmania's natural and cultural heritage, and the cultural identity of Tasmanians.
TMAG is Australia's second-oldest museum and has its origins in the collections of Australia's oldest scientific society, the Royal Society of Tasmania, established in 1843. The first permanent home of the museum opened on the corner of Argyle and Macquarie streets in 1863 and the museum has gradually expanded from this corner to occupy the entire city block.
Exhibitions, Courtyard Cafe, Events, House Museums, Decorative Arts, Photographic Collection, Tasmanian Herbarium
Address: Dunn Pl, Hobart TAS 7000
Website: www.tmag.tas.gov.au
"This museum is free and very informative. Here you will find a range of exhibits from birds and bugs to stones and native peoples. While I did not stop in the gift shop, I can say that the museum itself is a wonderful asset and if your ever in Hobart you should definitely stop in." – K V
Salamanca Arts Centre is the cultural hub of Hobart and the heart of the arts in Tasmania. The buildings themselves house visual and performing arts practitioners, craft and design professionals, film companies, galleries, craft and design shops and retail outlets, arts organisations and public spaces. Rich in history and alive with contemporary arts experiences, exhibitions, music and theatre performances, readings, festivals, forums and workshops – The Salamanca Arts Centre represents the community spirit and passion for the arts that is so much a part of life in Tasmania.
Gallery, Art Experiences, Exhibitions, Music and Theatre Performances, Readings, Festivals, Forums and Workshops
Address: 77 Salamanca Pl, Battery Point TAS 7004
Website: www.salarts.org.au
"Superb facility, with theatre, gallery spaces and studios in a charming and historic building. Also contains some terrific shops selling artisan wares and gourmet food. Located on the Hobart waterfront, with some of the most lovely views just out the door." – Leonard Low
Art Mob – Aboriginal Fine Art love helping people discover a whole new and exciting world of Fine Art. They have works from all over Australia. And they are also constantly growing in their appreciation of Aboriginal Fine Art. For over a decade their exhibitions and collections have introduced established and emerging artists to new and appreciative audiences resulting in many works finding homes in institutional collections as well as world class private collections.
Artists, Stock Works, Themes, Gallery
Address: 29 Hunter St, Hobart TAS 700jonathan wallis0
Website: www.artmob.com.au
"Fantastic knowledgeable staff and superb gallery.. literally all you want to know about Aboriginal art Australia wide. So good and also unusual to find such ethical and friendly people! Heartily recommend this gem of a gallery!" – jonathan wallis
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