text:
Utah County Education Attainment Charts
This section of charts contains education data for Utah County Utah based mainly on the latest year 2020 American Community Survey census data but also the survey from Common Core Data available for Public Elementary through Secondary Schools. In Figure 1, the percent of all people aged 25 years or older, who have either graduated from high school or completed the Graduate Equivalency Degree (GED) or some equivalent certification/credential. Utah County shows it has a High School Grad or higher of 95% which is the second most percent high school graduates or better of all the counties in the greater Utah County region. The county with the highest percent high school graduates or better in the area is Summit County which depicts a high school graduates of 95% ( about the same size).
In Figure 2, the percentage of people aged 25 years or older who have graduated from college/university with at least a bachelor's degree is provided. Note that the bachelor's degree is also called a four-year degree because it normally takes four years of full-time study to finish the course curriculum required to obtain the degree. This chart portrays the proportion of the population in this region who are college graduates with at least a bachelor degree or higher. In many ways, this analysis alongside the prior chart are very quick measures of the level of education in any particular area. Utah County depicts it has a Bachelors Degree or higher of 41% which is the second most of all the counties in the local area. The county with the highest percent with a bachelors degree or higher in the area is Summit County which depicts a percent with a bachelors degree of 55% (34.8% larger).
Figure 4 shows the percentage of people 25 years of age or older who either have no schooling at all or dropped out of school before being able to complete high school. Additionally, these are people who also do not have a Graduate Equivalency Degree (GED) or some other high school level type credential/student achievement. This analysis, along with the last two charts, provides another high level review and comparative data on the Utah County Utah educational level. Utah County depicts it has a School Dropout Rate of 5% which is the second smallest when ranked by percent who dropped out of school of all the other counties in the metropolitan area. The county with the highest percent who dropped out of school in the area is Sanpete County which shows a percent who dropped out of school of 10% (about twice as large).
Figure 5 provides a more detailed look at the educational attainment for Utah County Utah. This chart provides the proportion of people aged 25 years of age or older and what was their level of educational attainment. The chart provides 5 broad categories including: No Education/No School, Some High School, High School or equivalent, Some college or Associates Degree, and Bachelors Degree or higher. Utah County has the percentage of percent of people with no schooling less than most other counties in the surrounding region at 5% of the total. Second, it has the second smallest in terms of percent of people with no schooling of all the other counties in the area as measured by percent of people with less than a high school education at 16% of the total. Third, it has one of the largest proportions of percent of people with some college or an associates degree at 41% of the total and is ranked #2. The only larger county being Summit County with 55%.
The next chart shows a break down of people who have received a bachelor's degree or higher advanced degree generally in a campus learning environment. In particular, Figure 6, provides the proportional breakdown of all the people who have received a postsecondary education along with what the level of advanced degree that was obtained. Note that these categories do not include any type professional development type activities such as those related to maintaining professional credentials in workshop lessons. Note Professional Degree includes medical, dental, lawyers, etc. Utah County has one of the largest proportions of percent of people with an associate degree at 55% of the total and is ranked #3. Only #2 Summit County (56%), and #1 Wasatch County (56%) are larger.
The chart in Figure 7 shows the broad area of academic concentration or the discipline for people who have received a bachelors degree. This high level classification is essentially the field of study for which a degree was obtained. Utah County has the largest proportion of percent of people with a degree in a science or engineering related at 27.5% of the total and is ranked #1.
The next chart (Figure 8) provides a more detailed deep dive on the category of major degree obtained for people aged 25 years or older who earned a bachelor's degree or higher. Specifically, this frequency distribution details out what the major field of study was the degree obtained. Utah County has the smallest proportion of percent of people with a degree in computers, mathematics and statistics at 4.8% of the total. Second, it has the largest proportion of percent of people with a degree in education at 6.0% of the total and is ranked #1.
Figure 9 provides comparative data between the places in the greater Utah County Utah region for broad educational attainment. This analysis uses provides five broad education attainment categories including: No Education/No School, Some High School, High School or equivalent, Some college or Associates Degree, and Bachelors Degree or higher. Utah County has the percentage of percent of people with less than a high school degree the second smallest when ranked by percent of people with no schooling of all the other counties in the local area at 16.4% of the total. Second, it has one of the largest proportions of percent of people with high school (or ged) at 37.4% of the total and is ranked #3. Only #2 Sanpete County (40.4%), and #1 Carbon County (47.3%) are larger. Third, it has one of the largest proportions of percent of people with some college or an associates degree at 40.8% of the total and is ranked #2. The only larger county being Summit County with 55.0%.
A more detailed frequency distribution of educational attainment is provided in Figure 10. In particular this illustration breaks out the highest levels of university educational opportunities beyond the four year college degree. Included in the breakout are the relative proportion of masters degrees, PhD/Doctorate/Doctorial holders, and professional degrees such as medicine, dentistry, lawyers, etc. Utah County has the percentage of percent of people with no schooling less than most other counties in the local area at 4.8% of the total. Second, it has the second smallest when ranked by percent of people with no schooling of all the other counties in the local area in order of percent of people with less than high school at 16.4% of the total. The next exhibit (Figure 11) provides detailed cross tabulation analysis that provides education success data broken out or cross tabulated by age group. Please note that the columns add to 100% and you must use the pagination buttons at the bottom of the table to see all the rows. Figure 12 is a cross tabulation analysis that shows large educational success categories and is broken out or cross tabulated by racial group. Please note that the columns add to 100% and you must use the pagination buttons at the bottom of the table to see all the rows.The final cross tabulation analysis is provided in Figure 13 and shows education success broken out by gender. Please note that the columns add to 100% and you must use the pagination buttons at the bottom of the table to see all the rows.
Utah County School Enrollment Charts
The next section of chart resources look at school enrollment by a variety of educational institutions and are categorized into a number of other groupings. Figure 14 provides the overall school enrollment by broad range of school age/level groupings. Utah County has the percentage of percent of children in kindergarten the second smallest as measured by percent of children in kindergarten of all the other counties in the local area at 20.3% of the total. Second, it has the smallest proportion of percent of children in grade 1 to 4 at 19.9% of the total. Third, it has the smallest proportion of percent of children in grades 5 to 8 at 19.9% of the total. Also, it has the largest proportion of percent of children in grades 9 to 12 at 31.1% of the total and is ranked #1.
Figure 15 provides a simple high level comparison of the proportion of students that are enrolled in public schools versus students enrolled in private schools in the Utah County Utah region. Utah County shows percent enrolled in public schools approximately 3.2 times bigger as the percent enrolled in private schools.
The next comparison provided in Figure 16 shows the proportion of students enrolled in private schools versus students enrolled public schools for students enrolled in Kindergarten through 8th grade (grade 8) or (K through 8). Utah County depicts percent of children enrolled in public k-8 grades considerably bigger as the percent of children enrolled in private k-8 grades.
Figure 17 provides a comparative analysis all students enrolled in a public high school versus those students who are enrolled in private high school schools. Utah County shows percent enrolled in a public high school very much bigger as the percent enrolled in a private high school.
The next chart (Figure 18) provides a similar analysis to the last chart but provides the data for public post secondary education versus private higher education colleges. Utah County depicts percent enrolled in a public college about 7.0% smaller as the percent enrolled in a private college.
Figure 19 shows another view of students enrolled in public or private schools-postsecondary schools or colleges/universities. This analysis shows the proportion for all graduate and professional schools (such as law or medical school) and whether those students are enrolled in private or public institutions. Utah County depicts percent enrolled in a public gradudate or professional school approximately three-fourths the size as the percent enrolled in a private gradudate or professional school.
The next chart in this series of resources shown in Figure 20 looks at the total number of students enrolled in any educational institution for each place in the greater Utah County region. (Total enrollment in this case includes all students from preschool all the way through students enrolled in graduate school.) Utah County depicts it has a Total Enrolled of 237,494 which is the second most total enrolled of all the counties in the greater Utah County region. The county with the highest total population enrolled in school in the area is Salt Lake County which depicts a total population enrolled in school of 328,710 (38.4% larger). Comparing total population enrolled in school to the United States average of 81,084,866, Utah County is only about 0.3% the size. Also, compared to the state of Utah, total population enrolled in school of 984,917, Utah County is approximately a quarter the size.
The final chart in this series is Figure 22 and provides analysis data for the school year shown. The chart shows the proportion of kids/children that are enrolled in a pre-school public district versus those kids/children who are enrolled in a private pre-school oriented tuition institution (private salary/superintendent/etc.) Utah County Utah has one of the largest proportions of public preschool enrollment at 47% of the total and is ranked #2. The only larger county being Wasatch County with 50%.
Utah County Area Schools Charts
Figure 23 lists all the schools in the area along with the school district, county location and other program information/credential such as if they are a public charter school or private charter school or magnet school. Some of the Area Schools are: Brockbank School, Spanish Fork High, Landmark High, Riverview School, and Park School. The next illustration in Figure 24 shows the total child school enrollment for all grades (through 12th grade) at the school shown using NCES data (Common Core of Data, Public Elementary-Secondary School Universe Survey.) Looking at Enrollment for Area Schools we find that American Leadership Academy ranks the largest with a value of 1,738 enrolled students. The next largest values are for: Maple Mountain High (1,222), Spanish Fork High (1,163), Diamond Fork Junior High (1,130), and Spanish Fork Jr High (944). The difference between the highest value (American Leadership Academy) and the next highest (Maple Mountain High) is that the enrolled students is about 42.2% larger.
Figure 25 show the ratio of the number of students to the number of teachers in the classroom. A good student to teacher ratio should be low because it indicates that there are less students for any one teacher to educate in a class and generally a better learning environment, better success and optimal teaching excellence. Teachers includes all educational staff such as special education teachers and any other educator. Note that distance learning (online learning/remote learning) is not included in these values. Looking at Student to Teacher Ratio for Area Schools we find that Landmark High ranks the largest with a value of 10.6 student to teacher ratio. The next largest values are for: Brockbank School (22.6), Spanish Fork High (22.8), Larsen School (22.9), and American Leadership Academy (23.7). The difference between the lowest value (Landmark High) and the next lowest (Brockbank School) is that the student to teacher ratio is about twice as large.
Utah County, Utah Education Data
Figure 1: Utah County, UT At least High School Education
Figure 2: Utah County, UT Bachelors Degree or Better Education
Figure 4: Utah County, UT School Dropout Rate
Figure 5: Utah County, UT Education Attainment Breakdown
Figure 7: Utah County, UT Bachelors Degrees Field of Study
Figure 8: Utah County, UT Bachelors Degree Obtained
Figure 9: Utah County, UT Education Attainment by Level Comparison (Age 25+)
Figure 10: Utah County, UT Education Attainment Detailed Comparison (Age 25+)
Figure 11: Utah County, UT Detailed Education Attainment Breakout by Age Group (Age 18+)
Figure 12: Utah County, UT Detailed Education Attainment Breakout by Race (Age 25+)
Figure 13: Utah County, UT Detailed Male and Female breakdown of Educational Attainment
Figure 14: Utah County, UT School Enrollment by Aggregate Categories
Figure 15: Utah County, UT Overall Public vs. Private School Enrollment
Figure 16: Utah County, UT Public vs. Private K-8 School Enrollment
Figure 17: Utah County, UT Public vs. Private High School Enrollment
Figure 18: Utah County, UT Public vs. Private College Enrollment
Figure 19: Utah County, UT Public vs. Private Graduate or Professional School Enrollment
Figure 20: Utah County, UT Total Enrolled in Schools
Figure 22: Utah County, UT Public vs. Private Preschool
Figure 23: List of Schools in the Utah County, UT Area (2013)
Figure 24: Utah County, UT School Enrollment (2013)
Figure 26: Utah County, UT School Racial Mix (2013)
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I love "Cop Talk". For instance," A "Protective Sweep" is code for "Let's go look for drugs in this house." And, "Pat Down for Officer Safety" is code for "Let's see if you have any drugs in your pockets." Now I have my new favorite one. The "Knock and Talk" which is code for "Courtesy Drug Raid".
Last week, on November 9, 2012, the Montgomery County Court of Common Pleas (2d District) addressed the investigative technique called, "Knock and Talk" or "Knock and Advise" in State v. Miller. Mr. Miller was indicted on a bunch of drug counts after Dayton P.D. knocked on his front door without a warrant, eventually saw drug stuff in plain view, stepped inside and did a protective sweep of the home. During the protective sweep additional drug stuff was in plain view. Based upon all of this drug stuff in plain view inside Mr. Miller's home, the Dayton officers thought it might be a good idea to get a search warrant to search the rest of the house. They did. I am not sure how much more drug stuff was found after the warrant was secured but they had plenty on him after the courtesy visit raid.
Antonio Miller lost his challenge to the Dayton Police Department's "Knock and Advise" search technique only to have the Court of Appeals reverse and grant him the win (for now). It seems Antonio didn't appreciate a half dozen drug cops in tactical gear just knocking on his door to see let him know that the neighbors were complaining about possible drug activity at his home. I'd be upset, too. That's embarrassing to have all those cops show up at my drug house. Very bad for business. Kind of like my favorite Mexican restaurant getting shut down by the Health Inspectors. So, Antonio did what I'd love to do if someone knocks on my door that I don't want to talk to – he just slammed the door shut and locked the door. Well, that is where this case goes sideways.
The cops weren't going to take no for an answer after spending all that time getting everyone together, meeting at parking lot a mile away, checking all their communication equipment, loading their weapons, strapping on 4 holsters in every bodily crevice, and pretty much getting jazzed up for a drug raid. . .I mean "Knock and Talk" neighborly visit. I would love to have been a fly on the stoop when the door gets slammed in front of 6 cops ready for a raid. "Um, Sarge, did he just shut the front door in your face?"
respond or speak, or maybe even choose to open the door and then close it, the officers must bear the consequences of the method of investigation they've chosen." U.S. v. Ramirez, 676 F.3d 755 (8th Cir.2012). In other words, the police must retreat from the suspect's residence and attempt to uncover new avenues by which to continue their investigation.
Antonio Miller's case happened 2 years or so before Kentucky v. King was decided by the United States Supreme Court so you can't really fault the police officers for waiting 45 seconds and then knocking again. When Antonio opened the door again, the police stepped inside because they saw some baggies and a scale on the coffee table in the living. Once they were inside, they saw more evidence of drug activity. Concerned for their safety after waltzing into a drug house without a warrant and the concern that Antonio and his pals might have the mistaken belief that they can defend their house, the officers did a protective search of the home. Alas, more drug stuff was in plain view. Presto, a successful drug raid on a home without messing with a silly warrant.
Not so fast says the Montgomery County Court of Appeals. Once Antonio manifested his intent not to talk to the police by shutting the door, the police have to leave and go find another way to trick Antonio and his pals into searching the house. Or, how about running the drug tips by a judge and see if a judge will give you a search warrant.
Although the courtesy drug raid is quick and efficient, some drug dealers might catch on pretty quickly that (a) they don't have to open the door or (b) they can open the door, smile at you, then slam the door and lock it in front of you and your police buddies.


text:
PRIME Alliance launched
Power line communications is the most suitable and natural technology to provide the needed telecoms performance, even in complex underground electricity grids.
The PRIME (PoweRline Intelligent Metering Evolution) initiative was originally conceived as an answer to Iberdrola's need for a future-proof, cost-effective AMM solution. During its evolution in the last year, it has evolved into a solution for the overall Smart Grid deployment which will contribute definitively to energy efficiency improvement and ultimately to addressing the pressing issue of climate change.
The overall performance of the system fully complies with requirements for a new, stable metering infrastructure that is set to become a fundamental part of the Smart Grids. The revolutionary openness of the PRIME solution and its focus on interoperability as a way to decrease costs in a competitive framework, has been arising an unprecedented level of interest within the industry and markets. For this very reason a decision was taken by several of the most committed parties to set up the PRIME Alliance.
"As a global leader in PLC technology, and member of the PRIME Alliance, Landis+Gyr is committed to both shaping and developing new product requirements in our industry and this is a key driver for joining the alliance," says Thomas Schaub, Head of Standards and Interoperabiltiy, Landis+Gyr EMEA. "Offering smart metering solutions built on a flexible and open concept allows for the integration of emerging communication technologies, and our capability is well suited for field testing and validation of technological possibilities. As such, we are clearly demonstrating our determination to provide interoperable solutions to the market."
PRIME Alliance remains unique in that it shuns proprietary technologies and is the result of an open, cost-oriented effort among many different partners seeking to develop a future market for common benefit. Royalties and patents are definitely not part of the core PRIME specification. Ownership of the PRIME specification is uniquely public.
PRIME Alliance is the result of a particular effort of coordination that brings up multiple partners from different industrial sectors to work together to develop a new solution. PRIME Alliance members firmly believe that they can offer a competitive solution for a new growing market that will boost revenues in the coming years.
The principal and founding members of the PRIME Alliance include some of the most important global companies within their specific business area: utilities, semiconductors providers, meter manufacturers and technology industrial partners.
PRIME Alliance is open to all potential partners who agree to actively support and promote an open and public specification for the benefit of the end-user and all industry stakeholders. Founding members are: Iberdrola, ST Microelectronics, Texas Instruments, Landis+Gyr, Itron, Current Group, Ziv Group and Advanced Digital Design.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
A Man to Call My Own
Johanna Lindsey
Johanna Lindsey's newest, and her first for Simon & Schuster after a very lengthy association with Avon, is a witty western romance that made me smile as I turned the pages. The heroine is likable, and the pretending-to-be-plain premise fun, which makes up for a plot that isn't particularly realistic. But after all these years, I think most Lindsey readers know what they're going to get with a Lindsey release, and she mostly delivers the goods.
After the death of their father, Marion and Amanda Laton are sent from their New England home to live with their aunt Red, who owns a small ranch in the wilds of Texas. Hiding out at the ranch is Chad Kinkaid, the only son of one of the largest land owners in Texas. Chad's father has arranged an advantageous marriage but Chad wants nothing of it. When the letter arrives informing Red that her nieces are coming, she sends Chad to pick them up and bring them to their new home.
Chad is immediately attracted to Amanda, who is beautiful, delicate, and curvy. She's everything her sister Marion is not. Marion wears dowdy brown dresses, thick glasses, and is rather clumsy. What nobody knows is that Marion has made herself look like this for a reason. She's sick of fighting with her jealous sister Amanda over men. If, by pretending to be ugly, her sister will "win" and get married first, the endless arguing will stop. While this is not exactly a new premise, it seems to work more often than not.
This strategy seems to be working well, until Marion meets Chad. She likes him too much and goes out of her way to hide this from him and Amanda. As for Chad, he quickly realizes that Amanda's beauty is only on the surface. On the other hand, Marion is witty, intelligent, and brave. In fact, she has all the qualities he's looking for in a wife. The story gets complicated, though, after Marion and Chad kiss, and a case of mistaken identity might result in a marriage involving the wrong sister.
Marion's dislike of her petty and spiteful sister is obvious from the start, and she certainly has good reason for those negative feelings. By the end of the book, though, their relationship changes drastically. While Amanda works at being a better person, her transformation was not extensive enough to warrant her sister's forgiveness. With so much of the story built on their rivalry, in the end is sort of fizzles. Another problem was Chad's inability to know which twin was which. After making love to a woman, you'd think he could tell the difference between her and her sister, but then, twin romances with one good and one "evil" sibling practically require this type of mistaken identity.
Contrivances aside, A Man to Call My Own still manages to entertain. Lindsey's been doing this long enough to know what works and what doesn't, and for the most part, this one works. By the time Marion got a man to call her own, I was glad.
When He Was Wicked by Julia Quinn
Reflected Pleasures by Linda Conrad
The Texan's Reward by Jodi Thomas
No More Playas by Brenda Jackson
Buy A Man to Call My Own by Johanna Lindsey:
TaKiesha Smith
American Historical Romance | Frontier/Western Hist Romance


Do you remember your first professional massage – and that weird, extremely soft and relaxing feeling you had, this strange easyness in body AND mind that lasts for days ? It's fascinating how even a 65 year old, tattooed 180 kilogram guy in a dark chinese backyard can make you feel very very comfortable by just pressing and moving your neck. In case you never experienced this: Do it now. Or tomorrow. It's awesome. From medical point of view, the dramatic physical impact on the body has been proven in thousands of studies, and also the psychological change is widely accepted, however it's still unclear why massages – that are totally non-sexual – trigger such an super-smooth mental state, especially when done by people you'd usually never let you touch your body.
Do you love it when you are falling asleep and it rains on the outside, when your partner reads a book loudly – or not so loudly – next to you or when you can hear the soft talks, the glasses and dishes from the Café in your street at night ? These smooth, non-annoying background noises ? ASMR is the next – and very different – step in this "relaxing sounds" thing, bringing in a very close human note: Usually young people – mostly women – with very soft voices talk and whisper about completely content-less stuff. In a very very soft and relaxing kind of way, very narrow to the microphone, sometimes even using left and right stereo channels to whisper "into one ear", usually "playing" common situations, like being at the hairdresser, describing food they just bought at the supermarket or reading old magazines very slowly.
This might sound weird, but it feels very very very very good. So good and relaxing that's it's kind of creepy why this happens, especially when you listen to this stuff with headphones. Even more when trying to fall asleep. Some people say it has a sexual context, but ASMR is extremely popular among women, so it's definitly not just a sub-sexual thing. According to lots of blog articles and comments it's also extremely helpful for people who have to deal with sleeping problems. Extremely helpful.
ASMR might be awesome for developers. Get your best noise-blocking headphones, turn down the light a little bit and give it a try. You might be surprised. Also note all the positive comments under nearly every clip, something that is rarely seen these days.


Have always liked cars. Have an awesome chic that likes cars. I like to drag And road race the Camaro, which was my first car years ago! We do car shows and events alot. Been on the Hot Rod Power Tour like 8 or 9 times. 3 times in the 58 Nomad and the rest in the 69 Camaro. I like macaroni & cheez!


text:
package storage

import (
	"github.com/gaocegege/the-big-brother-is-watching-you/common"

	"github.com/satori/go.uuid"
	"gopkg.in/mgo.v2"
	"gopkg.in/mgo.v2/bson"
)

// RecordCollectionManager is the manager for Record in mongo
type RecordCollectionManager struct {
	manager *CollectionManager
}

// NewRecordCollectionManager returns a new RecordCollectionManager object
func NewRecordCollectionManager(s *mgo.Session) *RecordCollectionManager {
	return &RecordCollectionManager{
		manager: newCollectionManager(s, common.DefaultDBName, common.RecordCollectionName),
	}
}

// NewRecordDocument generates a new Record document
func (m *RecordCollectionManager) NewRecordDocument(r *common.Record) (string, error) {
	r.RecordID = uuid.NewV4().String()
	_, err := m.manager.col.Upsert(bson.M{"_id": r.RecordID}, r)
	return r.RecordID, err
}

// FindRecordByID finds a Record entity by ID.
func (m *RecordCollectionManager) FindRecordByID(rID string) (*common.Record, error) {
	Record := &common.Record{}
	err := m.manager.col.Find(bson.M{"_id": rID}).One(Record)
	return Record, err
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Have a burning question for HR? Ask our expert
Society for Human Resource Management CEO Johnny C. Taylor
Delane Rouse
USA TODAY | Updated 8:39 a.m. CT Jan. 23, 2018
Johnny C. Taylor Jr., a human-resources expert, is taking questions as part of a series for USA TODAY. Taylor is the president and CEO of the Society for Human Resource Management, the world's largest HR professional society.
What rights do I actually have as an employee? What's the best way to deal with a colleague whose views are making me uncomfortable? What about pay and overtime? Can I date a co-worker?
You can send us your questions using the form below. Expect that the information you submit will become public, though we won't use your full name, and that questions will be edited for clarity and length.
Originally Published 2:02 p.m. CT Jan. 18, 2018
Updated 8:39 a.m. CT Jan. 23, 2018


text:
Thinking Bench
I wish It were possible to work with each of the fascinating leaders and entrepreneurial spirits who approach us for help, in creating the business that they dream about.
Of course… it Isn't.
So, let's be clear about who you are, and who you want to be, as we consider engaging in conversation.
The Soul Millionaire 'Tribe' is reserved for those who sense that there's something different and special about them. Even If they've achieved a measure of financial success, they believe that they're capable of doing more than that.
They believe that their business could be a conduit – an instrument – in creating something extraordinary; something that has a profound impact on the world immediately around them. Starting with their clients.
They believe that they can do much more than Make A Serious Profit.
They believe they can Make A Magnificent Difference… to everybody who touches their business.
They feel as if they're a force for nature: a force for good in the world of business.
And now they feel ready to start that journey.
The question is, could that be you?
The following simple questions will help us both answer that: You. Our team.
Send these to us, and we promise to come back to you within 5 working days (unless life decides otherwise).
Let's start our conversation
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Pre-round warm-up strategies and goal setting.
Prepared game plan provided before and during round.
Post-round wrap up to discuss areas of improvement and student-written assessment.
All other Junior, Women, and Men's programming are available at Hyland Greens Golf and Learning Center.


text:
Jazz Night in America on WRTI: Billy Strayhorn's Lush Life, Nov. 6th at 8 PM
WRTI Your Classical and Jazz Source | By Suraya Mohamad
Published November 4, 2016 at 3:57 PM EDT
Credit: William Gottlieb
Adam Cuerden
Billy Strayhorn (1915-1967)
The fruitful collaboration between Billy Strayhorn and Duke Ellington is widely known to have brought us such classics as "Take The 'A' Train," "Chelsea Bridge" and "Isfahan." But behind the music, Strayhorn's life and identity were complex.
While composing some of the most harmonically rich jazz of its time — often in Ellington's shadow — Strayhorn was an outlier in that he led an openly gay life as a black man in the 1940s, an era rife with homophobia and racism.
In this episode of Jazz Night In America, Sunday, November 6th at 8 pm, hear interviews with Strayhorn's family members and biographer, along with rare archival tape of Strayhorn himself. You'll also hear Strayhorn's music performed by the Jazz at Lincoln Center Orchestra, including pianist Johnny O'Neal's rendition of "Lush Life."
Listen to Jazz Night in America every Sunday from 8 to 9 pm on WRTI. Christian McBride is host.
WRTI SpotlightJazzChristian McBrideDuke EllingtonBilly StrayhornJazz Night in America
Digging Deeper Into The Life of Duke Ellington with Biographer, Terry Teachout
It's Black History Month, and on WRTI we're looking closely at bandleader, composer, and pianist Duke Ellington, who wrote over 1,700 songs, as well as…
Bob Perkins Tells The Story of Billy Strayhorn, Composer of "Take the 'A' Train"
Bob Perkins
He stood five feet, two inches tall, and his musical colleagues dubbed him "Swee' Pea," after the little character in the Popeye cartoons. But Billy…
Billy Strayhorn In Five Songs
David Brent Johnson
Though overshadowed during his own lifetime by his employer, Duke Ellington, the composer-arranger wrote more than 1,000 pieces. Here are takes on his most famous tunes.
100 Years Of Billy Strayhorn, Emotional Architect Of Song
Tom Vitale
The composer and arranger spent the bulk of his career in service to the Duke Ellington Orchestra. He wrote some of the most popular songs of the 20th century — without ever hiding who he was.


On the first day the Symposiun reviews the progress of DSC including the latest developments in TMDSC and microcalorimetry. Wide-ranging applications in material sciences, pharmaceuticals and hazard analysis are also covered. There will be a display of Thermal Instruments from leading manufacturers and a tour of the Materials Characterization Centre.
The ASTM E37 Workshop follows on August 19.


text:
\section{Introduction}
	\label{sec:intro}

	The generation of entanglement between two quantum systems, via local interactions with a classical mediator, is incompatible with several models of quantum-classical interaction~\cite{Kafri,Bose, MVprl,HR2017, MV2020}. It follows in particular that if a gravitational interaction was observed to  generate quantum entanglement between two masses, then this would rule out a number of models of classical gravity.  The likelihood of being able to make such an observation within the next decade or so~\cite{Bose} has attracted considerable interest (see, e.g.,~\cite{CR2019,KTPP2020,Howl21,CMT2021} and references therein).

	Nevertheless, there are models of quantum-classical interaction, proposed by us, that {\it can} generate entanglement via classical mediation, and thus cannot be ruled out by the observation of such entanglement~\cite{HR2017}. In a recent paper Marconato and Marletto have claimed that this class of models can instead be ruled out {\it a priori}, on the grounds that they are nonlocal and do not provide a classical description of the mediator~\cite{MM}. In section~\ref{sec:errors} we show this claim is incorrect because it is based on a large number of errors and misconceptions, which we explicitly point out.

	Macconato and Marletto further claim, incorrectly, that a theorem in Ref.~\cite{MV2020} forbids the possibility of entanglement generation via a classical mediator for {\it any} model that satisfies two particular principles~\cite{MM}. As this more general claim is the main motivation for their paper (they wish to `vindicate' the theorem in the light of our models), we address it in section~\ref{sec:assump}. In particular, we point out our models are perfectly compatible with this theorem, because it relies on many additional assumptions that need not be satisfied by physical models (and which are not satisfied in our models). We further illustrate this reliance on additional assumptions by a very simple example of the generation of entanglement between two qubits via a classical bit, where this example satisfies both of the principles referred to by Marconato and Marletto. Note that section~\ref{sec:assump} can be read independently of section~\ref{sec:errors}, and hence the interested reader may directly proceed to it if they so wish.

	\section{Errors and misconceptions}
	\label{sec:errors}

	\subsection{The model criticised by Marconato and Marletto}
	\label{sec:model}

	We will confine our discussion here to the particular model in~\cite{HR2017} that Marconato and Marletto attempt to criticise in~\cite{MM} (other models, including the generation of quantum field entanglement via classical general relativity, have also been given~\cite{HR2017,HRgrav}). We first briefly collect some necessary formulas (with some minor notational changes to~\cite{HR2017} and~\cite{MM} that we hope will add clarity to the discussion).

	The model describes quantum-classical interactions via the formalism of ensembles in configuration space~\cite{HR2005,PRA2008,HRbook}, for the case of two quantum particles $Q_1$ and $Q_2$ and a classical particle $C$ each moving in one dimension. Such an ensemble is described by a probability density $P(q_1,q_2,x)$ and a canonically conjugate quantity $S(q_1,q_2,x)$ on the configuration space,  where $q_1, q_2$ and $x$ label the position coordinates of particles $Q_1, Q_2$ and $C$.  Observables are represented by suitable functionals of $P$ and $S$, with a numerical value equal to the ensemble average of a corresponding measurement of the observable. In particular, each function $f(x,k)$ on the classical phase space of $C$ (where $x$ and $k$ are classical position and momentum coordinates)  and each Hermitian operator $\hat M$ on the Hilbert space of $Q_1$ and $Q_2$ are represented by the respective configuration-ensemble observables
	\begin{align} \label{cf}
	\langle f\rangle &= C_f[P,S]:=\int dq_1dq_2dx\, P(q_1,q_2,x) f(x,\partial_x  S(q_1,q_2,x)), \\
    \label{qm}
	\langle \hat M\rangle &= Q_{\hat M}[P,S]:=\int dx\, P(x) \int dq_1dq_2\, \psi^*(q_1,q_2|x)\hat M\psi(q_1,q_2|x),
	\end{align}
	where $P(x):=\int dq_1dq_2 P(q_1,q_2,x)$ is the marginal position density for the classical particle $C$, and $\psi(q_1,q_2|x):=\sqrt{P(q_1,q_2,x)/P(x)} e^{iS(q_1,q_2,x)/\hbar}$ defines a wave function on the Hilbert space of $Q_1$ and $Q_2$ for each value of $x$.  It follows immediately from~(\ref{cf}) and~(\ref{qm}) that the classical and quantum statistics are equivalently described by the classical phase space function $\rho_{C}(x,k)$ and  quantum density operator $\hat\rho_{Q_1Q_2}$ defined by
	\beq \label{equiv}
	\rho_{C}(x,k):= \int dq_1dq_2\,P(q_1,q_2,x)\delta(k-\partial_x  S(q_1,q_2,x)),~~ \hat\rho_{Q_1Q_2}:=\int dx\,  P(x)  |\psi_x\rangle\langle\psi_x|,
	\eeq
 where the ket $|\psi_x\rangle$ corresponds to the wave function $\psi(q_1,q_2|x)$.

	The Poisson bracket of any two observables $V[P,S]$ and $W[P,S]$ is defined by
	\beq
	\left\{V,W\right\} := \int dq_1dq_2dx\,\left(\frac{\delta V}{\delta P} \frac{\delta W}{\delta S} - \frac{\delta W}{\delta P} \frac{\delta V}{\delta S}\right),
	\eeq
	where $\delta/\delta P$ and $\delta/\delta S$ denote functional derivatives with respect to the conjugate quantities $P$ and $S$, and one can show that~\cite{HRbook}
	\beq \label{brackets}
	\{C_f,C_g\} = C_{\left(\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}\frac{\partial g}{\partial k}-\frac{\partial g}{\partial x}\frac{\partial f}{\partial k}\right)},\qquad \{Q_{\hat M},Q_{\hat N}\} = Q_{i[\hat M,\hat N]/\hbar} \, .
	\eeq
	Thus, the bracket algebra of classical observables  $C_f[P,S]$  is isomorphic to the usual Poisson bracket  algebra of functions $f(x,k)$  on classical phase space, while that of quantum observables  $Q_{\hat M}[P,S]$ is isomorphic to the usual commutator algebra of operators  $\hat M$  on Hilbert space. Further, the evolution of the ensemble is determined by a Hamiltonian functional,  the \textit{ensemble Hamiltonian}  $H[P,S]$, via the Hamilton equations
	\beq \label{motion}
	\frac{\partial P}{\partial t} =  \frac{\delta H}{\delta S},
	\qquad \qquad
	\frac{\partial S}{\partial t} =  -\frac{\delta H}{\delta P},
	\eeq
	implying that an arbitrary observable $V[P,S]$ (and hence its average value) evolves as
	\beq \label{dvdt}
	\frac{dV[P,S]}{dt} = \{ H, V\} .
	\eeq

Our model of entanglement generation in section~4.2 of~\cite{HR2017} corresponds to a quantum-classical interaction described by the ensemble Hamiltonian
	\beq \label{ham}
	H[P,S] :=  H_{Q_1C} + H_{Q_2C} = g_1\int dq_1dq_2dx\, P (\partial_{q_1} S) x +  g_2\int dq_1dq_2dx\, P (\partial_x  S) q_2,
\eeq
followed by a measurement of the classical position. Here  $g_1$ and $g_2$ are coupling constants, and $H_{Q_1C}$ and $H_{Q_2C}$ represent interactions between $Q_1$ and $C$ and between $Q_2$ and $C$, respectively.  It is straightforward to solve the corresponding Hamilton equations of motion~(\ref{motion}) to give
\begin{align} \label{pevolution}
P_t(q_1,q_2,x) &= P_0(q_1-g_1tx +\half g_1g_2t^2 q_2, q_2, x-g_2t q_2), \\
\label{sevolution}
S_t(q_1,q_2,x) &= S_0(q_1-g_1tx +\half g_1g_2t^2 q_2, q_2, x-g_2t q_2) ,
\end{align}
as per equations~(16) and~(17) of~\cite{HR2017}. If the measurement of the classical position is made at time $t$, with result $x=a$, then the marginal probability density $P_t(x)$ reduces to $P_t(x)=\delta(x-a)$, and hence the density operator $\rho_{QQ'}$ in equation~(\ref{equiv})  reduces to the form $|\psi_a\rangle\langle\psi_a|$. It follows, assuming that  the classical and quantum components are initially independent, with initial wave functions $\psi_1(q_1)$ and $\psi_2(q_2)$ for $Q_1$ and $Q_2$ and an initial ensemble, $(P_0(x),S_0(x))$ for $C$, that the post-measurement state of the quantum particles $Q_1$ and $Q_2$ at time $t$ is described by the wave function
\beq \label{psicond}
\psi_{t}(q_1,q_2|a) =K_a \psi_1(q_1-g_1ta +\half g_1g_2t^2 q_2)\, \psi_2(q_2)\sqrt{P_0(a-g_2tq_2)}e^{iS_0(a-g_2tq_2)/\hbar} ,
\eeq
 as per equation~(21) of~\cite{HR2017}, where $K_a$ is a normalisation constant.
Clearly this does not factorise into functions of $q_1$ and $q_2$ in general, i.e., the quantum particles typically become entangled following the interaction and measurement.

\subsection{Classicality of the model}
\label{sec:classicality}

Marconato and Marletto claim that the classical particle $C$ in the above example is in fact not a `classical' system at all. However this claim relies on a number of errors and misunderstandings, which we explicitly address here.

First, Marconato and Marletto assume that the Hamiltonian in equation~(\ref{ham}) corresponds to first interacting $Q_1$ with $C$ and then interacting $Q_2$ with $C$, whereas it actually describes a simultaneous interaction. This is not a fundamental difficulty, however, as if one instead applies $H_{Q_1C}$ and then $H_{Q_2C}$ (or, equivalently, takes $g_2=0$ and then $g_1=0$), each for a time $t$, this simply replaces the factor $\half g_1g_2$ appearing in equations~(\ref{pevolution})--(\ref{psicond}) by $g_1g_2$, which does not affect the entanglement properties of $\psi_t(q_1,q_2|a)$. Hence we may proceed by assuming this replacement has been made.

Second, Marconato and Marletto ignore the important step of conditioning on a measurement of the classical position, leading them to incorrectly assume that the  entanglement between $Q_1$ and $Q_2$ is described by equations~(\ref{pevolution}) and~(\ref{sevolution}) rather than by the wave function in equation~(\ref{psicond})---even though it was explicitly noted in~\cite{HR2017} that without such conditioning the particles  $Q_1$ and $Q_2$ are described by the density operator in equation~(22) thereof ({\it cf.} $\hat\rho_{Q_1Q_2}$ in~(\ref{equiv})), which need not be entangled.

Third, Marconato and Marletto make a fundamental error in interpreting the fact that the ensemble {\it before} measurement, as described by equations~(\ref{pevolution}) and~(\ref{sevolution}), can be written in the quantum-like form
\beq \label{hybrid}
\psi_t(q_1,q_2,x) = e^{it(g_1 \hat p_1\hat x+g_2 \hat q_2\hat k)/\hbar}\, \psi_0(q_1,q_2,x) ,
\eeq
as per equation~(18) of our paper~\cite{HR2017}. Here $\psi_t(q_1,q_2,x)$ denotes the `hybrid wave function' $\sqrt{P_t}e^{iS_t/\hbar}$ and $\hat p_1$ and $\hat k$ denote the linear operators $(\hbar/i)\partial_{q_1}$ and $(\hbar/i)\partial_{x}$ conjugate to $\hat q_1\equiv q_1$ and $\hat x\equiv x$ (note, in relation to the first point above, that the exponential operator in~(\ref{hybrid}) is replaced by $e^{itg_2 \hat q_2\hat k/\hbar} e^{itg_1 \hat p_1\hat x/\hbar}$ for sequential interactions). In particular, Marconato and Marletto argue that that since $\hat k$ formally appears in the evolution as per equation~(\ref{hybrid}) (which observably changes the density operator describing $Q_1$ and $Q_2$, from $\hat\rho_{Q_1Q_2}(0)$ to $\hat\rho_{Q_1Q_2}(t)$), then (i)~$\hat k$ must represent a measurable observable of the classical particle $C$, and (ii)~hence $C$ cannot be truly classical because $[\hat x,\hat k]\neq 0$.

 However, this argument is logically flawed. \blk	To see this, it is useful to consider  a \blk related fully classical model. obtained by replacing the quantum particles $Q_1$ and $Q_2$ with classical particles $C_1$, $C_2$ having coordinates $x_1$ and $x_2$. Thus in this case we have two classical particles interacting via a classical mediator and there are no quantum particles present.  The Hamiltonian in equation~(\ref{ham}) then becomes
\begin{align}\label{hamc}
H'[P,S] &:=  H_{C_1C} + H_{C_2C} = g_1\int dx_1dx_2dx\, P (\partial_{x_1} S) x +  g_2\int dq_1dq_2dx\, P (\partial_x  S) x_2 \nn\\
&= C_{g_1 k_1x+g_2 kx_2},
\end{align}
where the last line follows from equation~(\ref{cf}), i.e., $H'[P,S]$ corresponds to the classical phase space Hamiltonian $h:=g_1 k_1x+g_2kx_2$. The equations of motion~(\ref{motion}) under $H'[P,S]$ are equivalent to the classical continuity equation for $P$ and the classical Hamilton-Jacobi equation for $S$ for Hamiltonian $h$ and, importantly, their solution is precisely as per equations~(\ref{pevolution}) and~(\ref{sevolution}), with $q_1$ and $q_2$ replaced by $x_1$ and $x_2$. Hence, this {\it fully classical} evolution  can be written in the quantum-like form
\beq \label{hybridc}
\psi'_t(x_1,x_2,x) = e^{it(g_1 \hat k_1\hat x+g_2 \hat x_2\hat k)/\hbar}\, \psi'_0(q_1,q_2,x) ,
\eeq
analogous to equation~(\ref{hybrid}), where $\psi_t'(x_1,x_2,x)$ denotes the `classical wave function' $\sqrt{P_t}e^{iS/\hbar}$ and $\hat k_1\equiv (\hbar/i)\partial_{x_1}$, $\hat k\equiv(\hbar/i)\partial_{x}$. But it is clearly  logically \blk absurd to argue, for this purely classical system,  that simply because $\hat k$ formally appears in the evolution as per equation~(\ref{hybridc}) (which observably changes the classical phase space density describing $C_1$ and $C_2$), then (i)~$\hat k$ must represent a measurable observable of $C$, and (ii) hence $C$ cannot be truly classical because $[\hat x,\hat k]\neq0$.  And it is similarly meaningless to argue the identical conclusion from equation~(\ref{hybrid}), as done by Marconato and Marletto~\cite{MM}. It is a logical error that confuses form  ($\hat k$) \blk with substance  (classical vs quantum). \blk

 Indeed, \blk the similar evolutions in equations~(\ref{hybrid}) and~(\ref{hybridc}) in fact arise from the  similar forms of the \blk bracket relations
\beq \label{posmom}
\{C_x,C_k\} = C_1 = 1, \qquad \qquad  \{Q_{\hat q},Q_{\hat p}\} = Q_{\hat 1} = 1 ,
\eeq
for classical and quantum position and momentum observables, following from equation~(\ref{brackets}).  These relations simply reflect the well-known \blk fact that momentum is the generator of translations, in {both classical and quantum mechanics.

 Fourth,  \blk contrary to what is suggested by Marconato and Marletto,  the \blk `non-commutation' of classical position and momentum in Eq.~(\ref{posmom}) no more implies that particle $C$ satisfies their stated criterion for `nonclassicality' (i.e., that $C$ has {\it ``at least two variables that are necessary to describe its features, and yet cannot be measured to arbitrarily high accuracy simultaneously''}~\cite{MM}), than does the equivalent Poisson bracket relation $\{x,k\}=1$ on classical phase space.  Indeed, one can always couple the classical particle $C$ to two classical `pointer' particles $C_1$ and $C_2$, irrespective of the presence of $Q_1$ and $Q_2$, via a suitable phase space Hamiltonian $h$ and corresponding ensemble Hamiltonian $C_h$, to jointly measure its position and momentum to an arbitrary accuracy. This is a simple consequence of classical phase space dynamics (which places no constraints on joint measurement accuracy) and the one--one correspondence between phase space functions and classical observables in equation~(\ref{brackets}), with the measured joint probability density in the ideal limit given by $\rho_C(x,k)$ in equation~(\ref{equiv}). We comment further on definitions of classicality and nonclassicality in section~\ref{sec:additional}).

Fifth and finally, Marconato and Marletto claim that there is an `inherent ambiguity' in how to calculate the statistics of the quantum particles $Q_1$ and $Q_2$ following the interaction in our example (e.g., to check whether they are entangled). This is clearly wrong, however, as we explicitly give the density operator for calculating these statistics in equation~(22) of~\cite{HR2017}, equivalent to $\hat\rho_{Q_1Q_2}$ in Eq.~(\ref{equiv}) above.  For example, the expectation value of the product of two quantum operators  $\hat M_1$ and $\hat M_2$, acting on the Hilbert spaces of $Q_1$ and $Q_2$ respectively, follows from either of equations~(\ref{qm}) or~(\ref{equiv}) as
\beq
\langle \hat M_1\otimes \hat M_2\rangle = \tr{\hat \rho_{Q_1Q_2} \hat M_1\otimes \hat M_2} ,
\eeq
allowing the calculation of the values of entanglement witnesses, etc., and is measured in the usual way by coupling the quantum particles to suitable measuring apparatuses.

\subsection{Locality of the model}
\label{sec:locality}

Marconato and Marletto  also \blk claim that our model {\it ``violates the principle of no action at a distance''}~\cite{MM}, and hence that it is nonlocal.  However, this claim is very easily demonstrated to be incorrect, not only for the specific model criticised by Marconato and Marletto, but far more generally. \blk

 First, \blk under the action of $H_{Q_1C}$ in equation~(\ref{ham}) the average value of any observable $Q_{\hat M_2}$ of $Q_2$ evolves as per equation~(\ref{dvdt}), i.e.
\beq \label{local1}
\frac{d\langle \hat M_2\rangle}{dt} =\{H_{Q_1C}, Q_{\hat M_2}\} =0,
\eeq
where the final equality follows on substituting the forms of the observables from equations~(\ref{qm}) and~(\ref{ham}).  Thus the interaction between $C$ and $Q_1$ has no effect on any observable of $Q_2$, i.e., the interaction is local.  Similarly, under the action of $H_{Q_2C}$,
\beq \label{local2}
\frac{d\langle \hat M_1\rangle}{dt} =\{H_{Q_2C}, Q_{\hat M_1}\} =0
\eeq
for any operator $\hat M_1$ of particle $Q_1$, i.e., the interaction between $C$ and $Q_2$ is also local.

Marconato and Marletto  indeed \blk acknowledge that the model is local in the above sense, but assert this is a ``fortunate coincidence'' that does not hold for all possible choices of ensemble Hamiltonian. This is logically irrelevant, however, in that the particular model under discussion {\it is} local in the above sense: one could as well assert that classical dynamics is nonlocal simply because there are formal choices of  classical \blk Hamiltonians that describe nonlocal interactions.

 Second, \blk Marconato and Marletto note that  the configuration-ensemble formalism more generally need \blk  not satisfy the principle of
 `strong separability'~\cite{PRA2008, HRbook}, i.e., there are classical and quantum observables for which $\{C_f,Q_{\hat M}\}\neq 0$. This is indeed the case, as is extensively discussed in~\cite{HRbook}. However,  this property is only relevant to the locality of the model if such observables appear in the ensemble Hamiltonian---and they do not  for the ensemble Hamiltonian in Eq.~(\ref{ham}), as evidenced by Eqs.~(\ref{local1}) and~(\ref{local2}) above. \blk Locality properties of Bohmian and mean-field models, referred to by Marconato and Marletto, are similarly irrelevant to our model.

  Further, the property of strong separability does in fact hold whenever the classical system is initially independent from the quantum systems~\cite{PRA2008, HRbook}. Explicitly, if the initial ensemble $(P_0,S_0)$ is of the form
 \beq
 P_0(q,x)=P_Q(q)P_C(x),\qquad S_0(q,x) = S_Q(q) +S_C(x),
 \eeq
 then the ensemble satisfies
 \beq
 \{ C_f,Q_{\hat M} \} = 0
 \eeq
 at all times $t\geq0$~\cite{PRA2008, HRbook}. Such initial independence is in fact a required assumption of the no-go theorem quoted by Marconato and Marletto~\cite{MM} (see also section~\ref{sec:example} below).  Hence, any configuration-ensemble model relevant to this theorem is in fact {\it fully local} in the sense of strong separability. \blk

Finally, we note for interest (as has been pointed out elsewhere~\cite{HRgrav,HRbook}), that for the case of quantum field entanglement generated via general relativistic interactions with classical spacetime, the issue of strong separability is moot: the fields are never gravitationally decoupled from the spacetime, due to the nature of the interaction, so that there is always nonlocality in this sense. A similar effect can be seen even in the semiclassical limit of two quantum systems separated by a fixed distance $d$ with Hamiltonians $\hat h_1$ and $\hat h_2$, for which the joint Hamiltonian has the nonlocal form~\cite{Ruiz}
\beq
\hat h_{12} = \hat h_1\otimes \hat 1 + \hat 1\otimes \hat h_2 - \frac{G}{c^4d} \hat h_1\otimes\hat h_2 .
\eeq
In particular, unlike equations~(\ref{local1}) and~(\ref{local2}), as long as there is a gravitational interaction (i.e., $\hat h_1$ and $\hat h_2$ are not constant), then there are always observables of each system that are influenced by this interaction.

	\section{What the no-go theorems for entanglement generation actually rule out}
	\label{sec:assump}

	\subsection{A simple example}
	\label{sec:example}

	Suppose that one of a pair of two-qubit states, $\hat\rho_0$ or $\hat\rho_1$, is shared between observers $A$ and $B$, according to the value of a classical bit $c=0$ or~$1$.  Thus, if the values of $c$ are equally likely, the qubit measurement statistics are described by the density operator $\hat\rho=\half(\hat\rho_0+\hat\rho_1)$. For the special case that $\hat\rho_0$ and $\hat\rho_1$ are two orthogonal Bell states, the qubits are unentangled (e.g., for the choice $\hat\rho_c=\frac14(\hat1\otimes\hat1-\hat X\otimes \hat X+(-1)^c \hat Y\otimes \hat Y+(-1)^c \hat Z\otimes\hat Z)$, where $\hat X,\hat Y,\hat Z$ are the Pauli spin observables, one has the separable decomposition $\hat \rho=\half(\frac{1+\hat X}{2}\otimes\frac{1-\hat X}{2}+ \frac{1-\hat X}{2}\otimes\frac{1+\hat X}{2}$).  Further, for this special case there is always a local unitary transformation $\hat U_A$ on observer $A$'s qubit such that $\hat U_A\otimes \hat 1 \hat \rho_1\hat U_A^\dagger\otimes \hat 1=\hat \rho_0$ (e.g., $\hat U_A=\hat X$ for the above choice of $\hat \rho_c$). Hence, if the classical bit $c$ is communicated to observer $A$, and she performs the local unitary transformation $(\hat U_A)^c$, the qubit statistics are subsequently described by the density operator $\hat \rho'=\hat \rho_0$, i.e., the qubits are now maximally entangled.

	The above example is a simplification of a related example by Krisnanda {\it et al.}~\cite{Kris2017}, and shows that entanglement can be generated between two qubits via an interaction mediated by a classical bit. Further, this interaction, described by $(\hat U_A)^c$, is clearly local, i.e., the principle of locality is satisfied. The principle of ``interoperability of information'' referred to by Marconato and Marletto~\cite{MM} is also trivially satisfied (i.e., noting that the classical bit can be formally encoded in a qubit basis, information in distinguishable states can be permuted and copied).  It follows that any no-go theorem ruling out such entanglement generation must rely on an assumption that goes {\it beyond} these two principles. This invalidates the general claim made by Marconato and Marletto that {\it ``when observing entanglement \dots one can rule out all classical theories of gravity obeying the above-mentioned general principles''}~\cite{MM}.

	Entanglement generation in the above example is possible because the classical bit contains information about the preparation of the ensemble. Moreover, it is in fact physically reasonable for a classical gravitational field to carry such information, if the preparation devices for $\hat \rho_0$ and $\hat \rho_1$ are gravitationally distinguishable.
	So, how do the various no-go theorems in the literature avoid this possibility? By making formal assumptions \textit{that rule it out from the start}.

	For example, for no-go results based on modelling quantum-classical interactions by local operations and classical communication (LOCC) on a quantum state $\hat \rho$~\cite{Kafri,Bose}, the formal definition of LOCC precludes any dependence on how  $\hat \rho$ is prepared, and hence rules out encoding such preparation information in a classical bit.  For no-go results based on Koopman-type models of quantum-classical interactions~\cite{MVprl, MV2020}, corresponding to representing the classical components and their evolution by operators diagonal in some `classical basis' or by `maximum information observables', it is assumed that the quantum components are initially uncorrelated with the classical components, thus ruling out any initial correlation with a classical bit (if an initial correlation {\it is} allowed in such models, then the generated entanglement is bounded by the corresponding mutual information~\cite{Kris2020}). Finally, a no-go result for mean-field models of quantum-classical interaction~\cite{HR2017} similarly assumes that the classical phase space observables are initially uncorrelated with the quantum components.

	The above example demonstrates the logical point that the various no-go theorems in the literature rely on assumptions that go beyond the principles of locality and interoperability of information, and in particular invalidates the above-quoted general claim by Marconato and Marletto. The same logical point also applies to our (rather different) models of entanglement generation in~\cite{HR2017}, as we next demonstrate.

	\subsection{Additional assumptions made in the no-go theorem of Ref.~\cite{MV2020}}
	\label{sec:additional}

	Similarly to the above example,  our configuration-ensemble models for the generation of entanglement between two quantum systems $Q_1$ and $Q_2$ via a classical mediator $C$ are compatible with the no-go theorem in Ref.~\cite{MV2020}. In particular, contrary to the general claim by Marconato and Marletto, the proof of this theorem explicitly requires a number of additional assumptions over and above the principles of locality and interoperability of information, that are not satisfied by our models in~\cite{HR2017}. These assumptions include, for example~\cite{MV2020}:
	\begin{enumerate}

		\item the quantum systems $Q_1$ and $Q_2$ are qubits (whereas they are quantum particles with continuous degrees of freedom in the model criticised by Marconato and Marletto---see also section~\ref{sec:model} above);

		\item the classical system $C$ is described by a `binary maximum information observable', i.e., by a bit (whereas it is a classical particle with continuous degrees of freedom in our model);

		\item the interactions between $Q_1$ and $C$ and between $Q_2$ and $C$ have identical forms (whereas they have different but closely-related forms in our model, as per~(\ref{ham}));

		\item these interactions have the property of evolving two particular uncorrelated initial states of $Q_1$ and $Q_2$ to two orthogonal maximally entangled two-qubit states (which is not a property of our model);

		\item entanglement is generated without any measurement on the classical system (whereas in our model the entanglement is conditional on making a measurement on the classical system).

	\end{enumerate}
	The presence of all these additional assumptions implies that the no-go theorem is simply not applicable to our models in~\cite{HR2017}. Thus these models present no challenge to the mathematical validity of the theorem, and there is no {\it a priori} need for its `vindication' as sought by Marconato and Marletto.

	Finally, it is worth noting that there is a further significant difference between our models and the theorem in Ref.~\cite{MV2020}, concerning the very definition of `classical' and `nonclassical'.  In particular, \textit{in our definition of classicality the observables of a classical system are in one--one correspondence with functions of position and momentum on a classical phase space}: these observables obey the classical Poisson bracket algebra of such functions at all times (see also section~\ref{sec:model}). A similar notion of classicality is used in mean-field models of quantum-classical interaction~\cite{HR2017,mfpapers,mfpapers2}, but not in models in which  classical observables are described by LOCC~\cite{Kafri,Bose} or `commute'~\cite{MVprl,Kris2017, Kris2020,koopmanpapers,koopmanpapers2}.

	In contrast Ref.~\cite{MV2020} does not directly define `classical', but instead gives a criterion for a system to be `nonclassical'.  The informal statement of this criterion, that nonclassical systems have incompatible observables, has already been considered in section~\ref{sec:classicality} and shown not to apply to our models.  However, the formal statement of the criterion, on page~4 of~\cite{MV2020}, is much stronger (and rather non-intuitive). In particular, it requires a nonclassical system be able to {\it ``enable non-classical tasks on other superinformation media, such as establishing entanglement''}~\cite{MV2020}, where quantum systems are particular examples of `superinformation media'.  This suggests that the theorem in Ref.~\cite{MV2020}, showing that entanglement generation can only be enabled via a mediator that is `nonclassical' in the above sense, has a somewhat circular flavour in comparison to other no-go theorems~\cite{Kafri,Bose,MVprl,HR2017}.

	\section{Conclusion}
	As well as pointing out the errors and misconceptions underlying the claims made by Marconato and Marletto, this Comment has provided a welcome opportunity for us to clarify our models of entanglement generation via a classical mediator, and to examine how such models evade the various no-go theorems in the literature.  Furthermore, as the simple example discussed in section \ref{sec:assump} demonstrates, these no-go theorems rely on assumptions that go beyond the principles of locality and interoperability of information. Thus we have to conclude that the general claim made by Marconato and Marletto, that {\it ``when observing entanglement \dots one can rule out all classical theories of gravity obeying the above-mentioned general principles''}~\cite{MM}, is simply incorrect.

	{\flushleft {\it Acknowledgements:} MH is grateful to Tomasz Paterek for helpful discussions in 2019.}\\

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Elisabeth and Merianna talk about the importance of including and invoking emotions in readers. They discuss what they have to overcome as writers in order to cause suffering for their characters and create whole, full characters. Of course, they also talk about dogs, leaf blowers, and Baby Harrelson imminent arrival (who arrived on November 12, 2015 after this show was recorded!).
The post Thinking Out Loud 90: Creating the Feels appeared first on Thinking.FM.


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'Tale of two borders': how a US Covid-era rule shapes fate of migrants
by Evelyn Reynolds 7 September 2022, 10:00 199 Views
Title 42 bans all migrants from entering the country over spread of Covid – but the rule is largely enforced against Mexicans and people from Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador
As hundreds of migrants line up along an Arizona border barrier at about 4am, agents try to separate them by nationality.
"Anyone from Russia or Bangladesh? I need somebody else from Russia here," an agent shouts. Then, quietly, almost to himself, he says: "These are Romanian."
It's a routine task for Customs and Border Protection (CBP) in this flat expanse of desert where the wall ends. People from at least 115 countries have been stopped here during the past year, with entire families from Venezuela, Colombia, Haiti, Cuba, Brazil, India and Cameroon among those arriving in Yuma, south-west Arizona after wading through the perilous knee-deep Colorado River.
It marks a dramatic shift away from the recent past, when migrants were predominantly from Mexico and Central America's Northern Triangle countries – Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador, escaping a mix of state sponsored and criminal violence, corruption and extreme poverty.
People not from Mexico and the Northern Triangle accounted for 41% of detentions on the border from October to July – up from only 12% three years earlier, according to official figures. Meanwhile, Mexicans made up 35% of all border encounters – higher than three years ago but well below the 85% reported in 2011 and the 95% at the turn of the century.
The changing demographics reflects how a controversial pandemic-era rule still shapes the fate of some migrants, even though much of the US has moved on from Covid.
Migrants risk death crossing treacherous Rio Grande river for 'American dream'
The impact of Title 42, a Trump-era mandate barring migrants and asylum seekers from entering the country at land borders, is especially stark at some of the busiest crossings, such as Yuma and in Eagle Pass, Texas, close to where at least nine people died last week trying to cross the rain-swollen river.
The only option for most Mexicans and Central Americans caught up in the Title 42 ban is to try to cross at more isolated and less militarized points, in hope of eluding detention – otherwise they are likely to be summarily expelled, and refused the opportunity to seek asylum.
Mexicans still account for seven of every 10 encounters in the Tucson area in southern Arizona, where John Modlin, the CBP sector chief, said smugglers order them to walk at night with black-painted water jugs, camouflage backpacks and boots with carpeted soles to avoid leaving tracks in the sand.
"[An] incredibly different tale of two borders, even though they're within the same state," said Modlin.
In Yuma, migrants from Asia, Africa, South America and the Middle East arrive having typically walked a short distance through tribal lands, and surrender to border patrol agents. They come wearing sandals and carrying shopping bags stuffed with belongings over their shoulders, expecting to be released to pursue their immigration cases. Some carry toddlers on their hips.
On paper, Title 42 denies people of all nationalities the right to seek asylum on grounds of preventing the spread of Covid. In reality, the rule has been selectively enforced against Mexicans and people from Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador, who the Mexican government agreed to accept.
Most other nationalities have been spared due to the US not wanting to pay for expensive flights and limited diplomatic options.
"The challenge is what Mexico can accept," Modlin said. "That's always going to be a limiting factor."
So far, the Biden administration's attempts to wind down Title 42 have been blocked by the courts. Yet its continuing use depends on where people come from and which port of entry they are trying to seek asylum. In Yuma, Title 42 was applied in less than 1% of of 24,424 stops in July, whereas in Tucson, it was used in 71% of detentions.
It is unclear why.
"What we know with absolute certainty is that the smuggling organizations control the flow," Modlin said. "They decide who goes where, and when they go to the point. It's almost like air traffic control of moving people around."
In Yuma, groups of up to two dozen or so migrants dropped off by bus or car on a deserted Mexican highway begin arriving in the US shortly after midnight.
If English and Spanish fail, agents use Google Translate to question them, under generator-powered lights, take photos and load them on to buses.
One recent morning, six Russians said they flew from Istanbul to Tijuana, Mexico, with a stop in Cancun, and hired a driver to take them four hours to the deserted highway where they crossed.
A 26-year-old man who had flown from his home in Peru to Tijuana said the most difficult part of the journey was the anxiety about whether he'd make it to his destination in New Jersey.
Nelson Munera, 40, said he, his wife and their 17-year-old son got off a bus on the highway and crossed into Yuma because fellow Colombians had taken the same route.
Lazaro Lopez, 48, who came with his nine-year-old son from Cuba by flying to Nicaragua and crossing Mexico over land, chose Yuma because that's where his smuggler guided him.
Most will be released on humanitarian parole or with a notice to appear in immigration court.
From here, the border patrol drops off hundreds of migrants each day at the Regional Center for Border Health near Yuma, that charters six buses daily to transport them almost 200 miles north-east to Phoenix Sky Harbor international airport.
"We have seen families from over 140 countries," said Amanda Aguirre, the clinic's chief executive officer. "We haven't seen one from Mexico, not through our processing."
The shift is also evident on the Mexican side of the border.
The Don Chon migrant shelter in nearby San Luis Rio Colorado fills many of its roughly 50 beds with Central Americans expelled under Title 42.
Kelvin Zambrano, 33, who arrived in a large group of Hondurans, said he fled threats of extortion and gang violence, but border agents were not interested in hearing his story. "I don't know why, but they don't want Hondurans," he said.
US immigration
US-Mexico border
Source: US Politics - theguardian.com
Tagcloud: CoronavirusUS immigrationUS newsUS politicsUS-Mexico border
As Liz Truss becomes prime minister, what will happen to Larry the cat?
'Don't be the P&O prime minister' on workers' rights, TUC chief tells Liz Truss


Dario Marchetti is Professor in the Department of Pathology & Immunology and Director of the CTC Core at Baylor College of Medicine. Dr. Marchetti's bibliography includes 145 publications, numerous awards, and uninterrupted funding since 1991. He acts as Reviewer of the most relevant journals in cancer research, and on Editorial Boards of "Cancer Microenvironment, "Tumor Viruses", "Vascular Cell", "Cancer Letters", and "Journal of Cellular Biochemistry", among others. He serves on grant reviewing panels of the National Institutes of Health of USA and Italy, the U.S. Department of Defense, and is a grant Reviewer for other national and international Agencies.
Mechanisms of fatal brain metastatic breast cancer (BMBC) are largely unknown. Similarly, properties and biomarker identification of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), the "seeds" of metastasis, remain elusive. Here we report novel strategies investigating CTCs isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with BMBC, including the development and characterization of CTC lines. We identified a unique BMBC CTC signature (HER2+/EGFR+/HPSE+/Notch1+/EpCAM-) by investigating CTCs that could not be captured by the FDA-approved Veridex CellSearchTM platform (EpCAM - negative CTCs). Second, we analyzed the invasive and metastatic competencies of isolated CTCs. Established CTC lines over-expressing the BMBC signature were highly invasive and capable to form brain metastasis in xenografts. Third, tumor cell morphologies of CTC - induced metastases closely resembled those of pathologically assessed tumors of patients whose blood was source of isolated CTCs. Fourth, the expression of proteins of the BMBC signature was detected in CTC - induced BMBC. Collectively, we provide first-time evidence of human CTCs isolation and long-term growth, the establishment of CTC lines, and CTC metastatic competency in the presence of a biomarker signature necessary to promote BMBC.


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description: Install on agent an rpm that is polled for by the bundled yum plugin (Go version 13.3). The command shown uses ORA as repository name and GCC as package name. Please replace as appropriate. /etc/yum.repos.d on the agent should contain repository definitions. go user should have passwordless sude privilege on the agent.
author: Go Team
authorinfo: http://support.thoughtworks.com/categories/20002778-go-community-support
moreinfo: http://www.go.cd/documentation/user/current/extension_points/yum_repository_poller.html#installing-rpms
keywords: yum, install, rpm
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What's 'authentic 1964 signature by Jesse Owens' Worth?
What's 'joseph ernest mock photograph' Worth?
What's 'red transferware lamp' Worth?
What's 'The belles letters series section 1904 by robert browning' Worth?
What's 'E.c.stearns&co miter saw' Worth?


How Easy is Data Entry?
Data entry jobs are made easier nowadays and so any person who has basic knowledge of computer like MS office and Word and the ability to access internet can do this work. It also provides flexible options like day shift, night shift, part time and full time and so on. Therefore stay at home moms, retirees, college students and to those who want to get relief from the pressure of office atmosphere can earn some decent income in data entry jobs.
The reason behind why data entry made easy is to provide a means for ordinary people to earn extra ordinarily and to get free from the perils of other employment. It is easy way of earning money online. The home based data entry operator can earn equal to or more than the traditional data entry operator. The convenience of working at home atmosphere without sacrificing the time need to be spent for children is the main advantage of easy data entry jobs.
Data entry made easy for the employees since the company hiring them would provide step by step instructions which are generally easy to follow. Most of the companies would also give some training to start the work. The workers need to follow the instructions and accomplish the tasks allotted to them as per the requirement. These jobs do not require any special skills or experience. Thanks to internet, the easy data entry jobs are available to anyone residing in any locality of the world.
Data entry made easy by some online companies that require people to do some typing work in the online form and to submit the forms. But data entry jobs are not similar to normal typing work. It needs some skill to spread a word in the online forms provided by the company so that the products or services of that company would be popularized.
The companies are in tremendous need of data entry operators who can work through online and help filling out the forms. They are also ready to pay a smart income for the service. People who have the ambition to follow the simple instructions provided by the company can get these jobs and can earn some money.
Data entry made easy to help those people who are ready to work in order to increase their financial picture. In fact online data entry operators earn $20 to $200 per day in easy data entry jobs. You need to spend some time according to your convenience and send an error free, accurate final output to the companies hiring you.
There are number of data entry companies in the internet and there may be chances of scams. However genuine and legitimate data entry made easy programs are available in the net which you can select with little effort. You can learn from these programs how to optimize your income in the data entry jobs.
Therefore you can send your resume to any of the legitimate companies and get a data entry job which is simple to do and can rejuvenate your career and financial position.


EXETER — David Frances Dupr� died Monday, June 25, 2007, from cancer.
EXETER — David Frances Dupré died Monday, June 25, 2007, from cancer.
He was born June 23, 1957, the son of Robert F. and Mary (Bentley) Dupré of Exeter.
He was a graduate of St. Thomas Aquinas High School in Dover, and N.H. Community Technical College in Manchester, and received his bachelor of science degree in electrical engineering from the university of New Hampshire in Durham.
Mr. Dupré is survived by his daughters, Nicole and Joanne Dupré of Exeter, and their mother, Diane McAlpine, of Raymond; grandchildren Ian and Cameron Hitchcock and Allanna Hallbert of Exeter; his wife, Andrea Kaufman, DVM; his brothers, Paul W. of Newmarket, John J. and his wife, Donna, of Hudson, Mass., and Arthur R. and his wife, Anne, of Barrington; his sisters, Louise A. of Concord, Karen A. and her husband, Frank Spiridigliozzi, of Medford, Mass., and Julie D. Gilman and her husband, Gregory, of Exeter; 13 nieces and nephews; and many aunts, uncles and cousins.
WE REMEMBER: At the time of his death, Mr. Dupré was the owner of Los Chivos Woodworks, his construction and furniture business in Vieques, Puerto Rico, and was well-known in the Seacoast area for his carpentry and wood-working talents, including restoration carpentry at Strawbery Banke Museum in Portsmouth.
SERVICES: Calling hours will be from 6 to 8 p.m. Thursday at Brewitt Funeral Services, 14 Pine St., Exeter. A Mass of Christian burial will be celebrated at 10 a.m. Friday at St. Michael Church, Exeter. A celebration of life will be held in Vieques, Puerto Rico, in December. In lieu of flowers, donations can be made in his name to Crossroads, P.O. Box 3592, St. John's, Antigua, West Indies, info@crossroadsantigua.org.


The Data Center Fabric term is as meaningless as switching or cloud – every major networking vendor is announcing or selling data center fabric solution and no two vendors have something remotely similar in mind. Even worse, all fabric architectures announced so far are proprietary.
To choose the best solution for your data center, you must look beyond white papers and marketectures and figure out what's really going on behind the scenes. The in-depth understanding of how different fabric architectures work will help you identify their benefits, drawbacks and potential pitfalls.
This article describes five classes of fabric architectures based on how they use management, control and data (forwarding) plane. Throughout the article we'll use the generic term switch to describe a forwarding device that can forward either Ethernet frames (layer 2 switch) or IP datagrams (layer 3 switch).
Fabric architectures are analyzed based on behavior between physical devices. Every chassis switch usually has a single active control plane and multiple data planes (one per linecard), making it an in-chassis Borg architecture. Regardless of the in-chassis implementation details, a fabric architecture should be categorized as Borg architecture only when a single control plane entity controls data planes in multiple physical devices.
Management plane interacts with the network operator (usually via CLI or web interface), network management systems (usually via SNMP) and other external entities (sometimes using NETCONF or other XML- or REST-based API). Management plane software configures the device and keeps track of current and saved device configuration.
Control plane runs control protocols (LACP, LLDP, CDP, STP, ARP/ND, OSPF, BGP ...), exchanges network topology and reachability information with adjacent devices and uses the exchanged information (or information gleaned from the forwarded packets) to build forwarding tables, which are used to forward the frames/packets traversing the device.
Data (forwarding) plane uses the forwarding tables to forward layer-2 frames or layer-3 datagrams. The data plane might send packets it cannot process to the control plane (example: IP datagrams violating access lists) or extract information from forwarded packets and send that information to the control plane (dynamic MAC address learning).
More information: Control and Data Plane and Protecting the Router's Control Plane articles.
Link Aggregation Group (LAG, defined in 802.3ad and 802.1AX) is a mechanism that allows Ethernet devices to use parallel links deployed for redundancy or load balancing purposes in an active-active configuration (without LAG, STP would disable some of the links). Redundant uplinks are commonly used for server attachments; multiple links between adjacent network devices are often used to increase the available bandwidth.
The 802.1AX standard defines link bundles between two adjacent devices. All networking vendors have implemented proprietary extensions to support multi-chassis link aggregation (MLAG).
Every fabric architecture should support MLAG. Architectures using a single control plane support MLAG by definition; all other architectures have to use proprietary mechanisms or standard protocols like ICCP or EVPN between devices terminating a MLAG bundle.
Summary: Each device has its own independent management, control and data planes.
Each switch operates independently and remains a separate management and configuration entity. This approach has been used for decades in building the global Internet and thus has proven scalability. It also has well-known drawbacks (large number of managed devices) and usually requires thorough design to scale well.
A business-as-usual approach using Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) does not work well with large layer-2 domains commonly deployed in virtualized data centers. A data center fabric using independent devices has to replace STP with a more scalable alternative. Solutions using exclusively layer-2 technologies include standard technologies (TRILL and SPB – 802.1aq); Cisco's FabricPath and Brocade's VCS are proprietary alternatives. Recently vendors focused on MAC-over-IP transport using VXLAN encapsulation and proprietary or standard EVPN-based control plane.
As long as access-layer switches use STP to discover forwarding loops, the data center fabric must support multi-chassis link aggregation (MLAG) to optimize bandwidth utilization.
Summary: These solutions use a single (usually redundant) management and control plane. Each device has independent data plane managed by the single centralized control plane.
In this architecture (sometimes known as stacking on steroids) numerous switches form a cluster collective and elect a single control plane (or outsource the control plane functions to an external device) that controls the whole cluster. The cluster of devices appears as a single control- and management-plane entity to the outside world. It's managed as a single device, has a single configuration, single instance of STP and one set of routing adjacencies with the outside world.
The switch cluster architectures cannot cope well with splits from the central brains. Cisco's VSS reloads the primary switch when it detects a split brain scenario; HP's IRF and Juniper's virtual chassis disable the switches that lose cluster quorum.
While vendors like to talk about all-encompassing fabrics, the current implementations usually limit the number of high-end devices in the cluster to two or four (Cisco's VSS and HP's IRF).
Furthermore, most implementations of this architecture still limit the switch clusters to devices of the same type (exception: Juniper Virtual Chassis and Virtual Chassis Fabric can use different switch models in the same fabric).
As you cannot combine access- and core-layer switches into the same fabric, you still need MLAG between the access and the core layer.
At the moment, all centralize control plane implementations (including OpenFlow controller-based ones) are either proprietary or use non-standard protocol extensions implemented by a single vendor.
Also known as controller-based fabric, this architecture uses dumb(er) switches that perform packet forwarding based on instructions downloaded from the central controller(s). The instructions might be control-plane driven (L3 routing tables downloaded into the switches) or data-plane driven (5-tuples downloaded into the switches to enable per-flow forwarding).
The controller-based approach is ideal for protocol- and architecture prototyping (which is the primary use case for OpenFlow) and architectures with hub-and-spoke traffic flow (wireless controllers), but has yet to be seen to scale in large any-to-any networks.
Some implementations appear to be using one of the architectures from the outside but actually use a different architecture internally. For example, the stackable switches from Juniper use VCCP (an IS-IS-like protocol) internally to distribute MAC address reachability information.
A stack of Juniper switches is thus a combination of independent devices (linecard protocols like LACP are run locally) and centralized control- and management plane (routing protocols are run on one switch in the cluster).


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Best/Worst Marketing Campaigns of 2006
In a year in which Pole Dancing Kits got taken off the toy shelf, French Maid Halloween costumes were all the rage for teen girls, and Nelly Furtado's boast "Promiscuous" topped the charts, talking heads keep telling us girls are doing well and there's a boy crisis. If we let down our defenses, marketers have even easier access to our daughters. Here are the top and bottom 5 ways this year's marketers have played into our worst stereotypes and our grandest hopes for raising healthy daughters in this marketing-saturated world.
Dora the Princess: Dora's makeover from adventurer to little princess, from exploring the world to selling stereotypes through her kitchen sets, lip gloss, and cash registers, is one of the worst marketing decisions for girls.
Bratz party plane with "juice bar": Bratz hot tubs, a runway board game, makeup kits, movies, Saturday morning cartoons, and a magazine market to girls a teen life that sets them up to drink their cosmos, flirt with boys, and go clubbing just as soon as they get into middle school. Thankfully Bratz padded bras for 6 year olds were pulled off the market in Australia where they were they tested for sale at Targets. Disingenuous marketing types claimed that these helped little girls be modest as they developed.
American Girl selling body consciousness: When American Girl was bought out by Mattel, it didn't take the new parent company long to partner with Bath and Body Works to sell body lotion, fragrances, and even lip gloss to the little girls who buy these dolls to enact early American history. Barbie collector catalogues are being sent to all the American Girl owners now, with categories like "pin up girls".
Boys Only Movies: Ice Age 2, Cars, The Wild, and Over the Hedge. Girls who encountered any of the massive marketing for these movies will have seen over and over the "boys only" message. Only boys are permitted to get wild and crazy, to be leaders, rescuers, goofballs, and sidekicks, to go on adventures, to save the day.
Victoria's Secret Stuffed Animal Giveaway: Victoria's Secret's Pink line sold at the front of the store was clearly a way to bring younger girls into the store and get mom approval. Why else would they give a cute toy away to anyone who purchased an item from the Pink line, featuring sweats and p.j.s rather than the black lace thongs and see-throughs at the next counter.
Dove Campaign For Real Beauty: Dove dove into the Superbowl commercial scene with their Campaign for Real Beauty and a powerful statement about the impact of media ideals on girls' self esteem. They followed up with an ad showing first a physical and then a digital makeover of a model, designed to illustrate why our perception of beauty is so distorted. They use real little girls, all shapes and races, from cute to awkward, but all beautiful.
Maria Sharapova "I feel Pretty" Nike Ad. In spite of all the sexy photos and Sports Illustrated swimsuit shots, this funny ad puts it all in proper perspective on match day. The fans, cameraman, ball girl, line judges, and commentators—all singing lines from the song-- " I feel pretty, oh so pretty. I feel pretty, and witty, and gay"—to Sharapova as she drives to the match, walks into the stadium, and readies herself to play, stop abruptly after her first powerful strokes. The message: it ain't about pretty; it's about skill and power.
Super Mario Princess Peach Finally, Princess Peach gets to do some rescuing. The ad shows a group of little girls dressed in princess peach outfits running through tires, crawling through mud, and breaking through barriers to save Mario. It's great to see pink as a power color!
Mother Love. While T-mobile made a lot of people laugh at the stereotyped chatty cheerleading teen, we love the Cellular One commercial that undoes a typical mother/daughter argument – "Why do you insist on treating me like an adult?" shouts the teen girl. "Because you insist on acting like one," the mom yells back. This ad called "Mother Love" ends with "You're the most grateful little…"
Girls Go Tech Ad Campaign: The Girls Scouts and Ad Council teamed up to create a series of GirlsGoTech print, radio and TV ads that show parents supporting young girls' passion for science. In a TV spot a young girl asks her father why the sky is blue. When he sweetly responds, "To match your pretty eyes," she replies, "Nope. Not even close," and gives him the scientific explanation. In a radio spot a mother and her young daughter sing a version of Twinkle Twinkle that describes the birth of star: "Twinkle twinkle little star, You're a ball of gas that's very far..." This campaign won a Grand Good Award from the Advertising Women of New York, and for good reason.
Worst Negative trend:
Increase in product placement in children's movies and toy sets, viral marketing, and creation of entertainment based around a brand or product character.
Best Positive trend:
Parent Power and a new level of involvement: U.S. parents successfully protested Hasbro's plans to create Pussycat Dolls, based on the sexy singing group; Australian protest prevented the Bratz "bralettes" from hitting Target stores there; British citizens caused a store in London to pull a pole-dancing set sold in the toy department of a London store.
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Our Toy List
Holiday Gifts For The Real Girls In Your Life
Amidst an avalanche of Bratz dolls in hot tubs, designer fashion for pre-teens, and once-adventurous Dora the Explorer now selling princess castles and kitchenettes, the toy aisles can feel more than a little claustrophobic for parents of daughters. Do her a favor this holiday season. Don't think pink. Help her imagine the world a little brighter and a little bigger than the same old stereotypes repackaged as pretty in pink fairies, cute little shoppers, and "hott" teens. When thinking of a daughter, a niece, or any little girl awaiting a gift this year, think of who she is, not who marketers want her to be.
If she's a builder, if she likes puzzles. . .Instead of pink castle Legos that invite her to play at being saved by a prince, how about colorful K'nex or a build-your-own robot kit?
If she's an artist. . .Instead of a jewelry making or home decorating craft kit, consider pliers, wires, wire-cutter, beads, and a book about tribal art.
If she likes to run around…Instead of a pair of low-rise pink sweats that say "Cheer Team" on the bottom, buy her real sweats that she can dirty up and that will last past three washes. If you're able, how about tickets to a college or professional women's game, or a T-shirt with a real professional women's sports team logo. And don't forget to buy her a soccer or basketball so she can be her own role model!
If she likes to go to the movies…Instead of the latest animated boy journey video from Disney or Dreamworks, check out the Miyazaki collection, with great choices like Spirited Away, Totoro, or Kiki's Delivery Service.
If she's musical…Instead of watered down pop music by Kidz Bop or Disney's latest teen star, buy her a video or CD of a favorite musical, like Little Orphan Annie or The Secret Garden. Or give her a new instrument. How about a harmonica and a CD of Bessie Smith or Billie Holiday singing the blues?
If she loves to read… Instead of traditional princess storybooks, why not The Paperbag Princess by Robert Munsch? And, instead of books based on popular movies or chick lit filled with shopping, boys, and mean girls, consider the world of fantasy, like A Series of Unfortunate Events by Lemony Snicket with Violet, a girl inventor!. Girls slightly older might enjoy The Prophesy of the Stones by 15-year old(!) Flavia Bujor.
If she asks for clothes…Instead of that "princess", "too cute", or "my best subject is social studies" T-shirt, how about a girl-positive T like " "Be your dream", "not intended for decorative use", "everyone is beautiful", or "take up space".
And if she's going through that phase where she wants to do everything the older teen girls do… Instead of Girls' Life, buy a subscription to New Moon Magazine. If she's already a teen, instead of CosmoGirl! or Teen Vogue, buy her a subscription to Teen Voices. And don't forget great magazines that have nothing to do with being a girl and everything to do with the things she loves, like National Geographic, Discovery, Creative Crafter, Art World, or a magazine from the Cricket Group.
Notice how this holiday gift list avoids dolls, beauty accessories, and shopping toys? It's hard to do. But if a special little girl wants a doll, consider a colorful Groovy Girl with her own guitar or a set of multiethnic dollhouse dolls. And if beauty accessories are a must (but why must they be?), how about making your own soap and putting scents to it? Finally, if this little girl loves to shop, don't invade her imagination with shopping toys; instead, leave her imaginative play be, and make shopping what it is – shopping. That is, give her a gift certificate!


Gunlance is a type of weapon in Monster Hunter: World.
The Gunlance is a unique weapon, and actually functions more like an augmented lance than an actual gun. The gun portion of this weapon cannot technically fire over distances, and instead uses explosive rounds to perform the act of Shelling. When Shelling, the lance fires explosive rounds while dealing massive close-range damage.
This page was last edited on 8 January 2018, at 21:04.


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You will certainly have heard of the great native assembly in Modjowarno in the residency of Soerabaja?
He lived at least twenty-five years longer and his possessions included Pasoeroean, Soerabaja and Kediri.
Before he came here he made our acquaintance at Soerabaja through our portraits.


The Buccaneers (5-15, 2-9) suffered a 12-3 defeat at the hands of Top Speed (22-3) Sunday afternoon at Cal Poly Pomona.
Top Speed scored two in the first, but Inland Valley answered immediately with two in the bottom half of the inning.
Johnny Juarez ripped an RBI single scoring Mbusi Hlatshwayo. Anthony Rabito knocked in Kevin Riley to knot it up at 2-2.
It was all Top Speed from then on. They scored one in the third, one in the fourth and two in the fifth to grab a 6-2 lead.
The Bucs responded with one in the seventh on a Brendan Campbell double. Tanner Thibodeau scored to close the gap to 6-3, but that was as close as Inland Valley would get.
Top Speed plated one in the eighth and five in the ninth to break it open.
Micah Beyer was strong in 2.1 innings of relief, allowing no runs while striking out five.
This entry was posted in Uncategorized and tagged anthony rabito, Brendan Campbell, buccaneers, bucs, inland valley baseball, inland valley buccaneers, inland valley bucs, Johnny Juarez, Kevin Riley, mbusi hlatshwayo, Tanner Thibodeau. Bookmark the permalink.