text:
New State Budget and the Environment
09/17/2015 by Kirk Ross
RALEIGH — The state Senate gave final approval yesterday to a $21.7 billion state budget that includes dozens of provisions affecting coastal policy and spending, including a weakening of sandbag rules on the beach and raising the cap on small jetties called terminal groins.
Other provisions of the budget continue the restructuring of the state's major environmental agency, end funding for the cleanup of leaking underground storage tanks on residential property, waive some pollution penalties and kill tax credits for renewable energy projects.
About the only environmental bright spots in the budget are provisions that increase funding for the state's natural heritage trust funds and encourage oyster-restoration projects.
The nearly 500-page bill, which arrived 76 days after the end of the fiscal year, was finalized last weekend and released to the public Monday night.
The House is scheduled to begin debate on the bill at 5 p.m. today and potentially hold a final vote to adopt it sometime after midnight.
Several coastal provisions were seen in previous bills this session as well as in the House and Senate versions of the budget.
Sandbag Rules
Sandbags walls like this one at North Topsail Beach would be easier to build under provision of the new state budget. Photo: Frank Tursi
Among them is a controversial change to sandbag rules. The provisions require the state Coastal Resources Commission to revise rules for sandbag walls on the beach to allow for protection of adjacent properties without a permit. The provision also loosens requirements that the barriers be installed only to protect a structure.
When the changes to the rules were introduced earlier in the session, opponents said the move could lead to nearly unlimited construction of sandbag walls.
The budget also includes a handful of provisions likely to require federal cooperation as well as approval.
More Terminal Groins
As expected, the budget changes state law to allow for construction of two more terminal groins, raising the total number of projects to six.
Unlike the law the legislature passed in 2011 to lift the ban on terminal groins on the beach, the new provision would restrict the construction of the new groins to New River Inlet, protecting properties on North Topsail Island, and to Bogue Inlet, two locations that had previously decided against projects.
North Topsail officials decided in 2012 to suspend their push for a groin and Carteret County officials ruled out the idea of a terminal groin for Bogue Inlet in 2014. Both cited the expense of building the projects and then maintaining it as the chief reasons.
Rep. Pat McElraft, R-Carteret, said chief Senate budget writer Harry Brown, R-Onslow, whose district includes one side of Bogue Inlet inlet suggested the idea. "He felt we might need one," she told Coastal Review Online yesterday.
McElraft said should a terminal groin for Bogue prove unnecessary, another community would be able to claim the spot.
The bill also mandates that the N.C. Division of Coastal Resources conduct a beach erosion study to "develop a proposed strategy for preventing, mitigating, and remediating the effects of beach erosion." The agency is required to complete the study by Feb. 15 and present it to the legislature's Environmental Review Commission and to the House and Senate environment and natural resources committees.
Land Swaps
The Rocks are shown as viewed looking toward Zeke's Island. Photo: Federal Point Historic Preservation Society
The budget plan also continues a call for two key land swaps with federal agencies aimed at improving navigation at Oregon and Beaufort inlets.
Two years ago, the state budget included an extensive provision to allow the state to trade land with the National Park Service and the Interior Department to take over maintenance of Oregon Inlet in Dare County. New language in this year's budget reinforces that idea and puts up $3 million to sweeten any potential deal. The land on either side of the inlet is part of a national park or a national wildlife refuge
The state is also contemplating a land swap for the western end of Shackleford Banks, which is in Cape Lookout National Seashore, in order to build a groin or jetty there to prevent shoaling in Beaufort Inlet. Shoaling of the inlet, which is entrance to state port in Morehead City, has affected port business and prompted concern over future federal funding of dredge projects there. The move is part of a larger plan to invest in infrastructure at the port as well as improve land and sea access.
Another section of the budget that could require a land swap with federal agencies — albeit a much smaller one — is a provision championed by Sen. Michael Lee, R-New Hanover, calling for a study on removing "The Rocks" at Zeke's Island, a barrier on the Cape Fear River near Southport that was built in 1871 to stop shoaling in the shipping channel that serves the state port in Wilmington.
"The Cape Fear Estuarine Resource Restoration" section of the bill deems the southern portion of the New Inlet Dam — called "The Rocks" — "an impediment to the natural flow" of water between the Cape Fear River and the Atlantic Ocean. The section extends southwestward from Zeke's Island and separates New Inlet from the main channel of the Cape Fear River. The provision says it's necessary to consider removing the section to re-establish that natural flow and directs the N.C. Department of Environment and Natural Resources, or DENR, to notify the Army Corps of Engineers of the state's intent to study its removal and seek a firm to analyze the costs and benefits.
DENR is also directed to seek approval from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to adjust the boundaries of the National Estuarine Research Reserve at Zeke's Island, which formed as a result of building the dam, in a land swap with the state's nearby Fort Fisher Recreation Area. DENR would use money from a state dredging fund to pay for the project.
Parks Move, DENR cuts
The budget includes several structural changes in state government with the largest a move originally proposed by Gov. Pat McCrory to put state parks and aquariums under the same roof as the zoo and other attractions. The budget requires that the new Department of Cultural and Natural Resources raise fees for all state parks, aquariums and historic sites "to maximize revenue … to the extent practicable to offset appropriations from the General Assembly."
In a rare example of environmental largess, the budget gives the state parks system an additional $500,000 over the next two years for its centennial celebration.
The move of parks and other attractions continues a trend to transform DENR into a purely regulatory agency. After the move, which becomes effective this year, the department's name would change to the Department of Environmental Quality.
Natural Heritage Trust Funds
Endangered species, such as Venus fly traps, will likely get less attention with cuts to the Natural Heritage Program.
The Parks and Recreation Trust Fund will receive nearly $39 million over the two years from direct funding and license plate sales.
The Clean Water Management Trust Fund, which would also move to the new department, would also receive close to $39 million over the two years with $1 million of that targeted for military buffers.
The budget also mandates that several funds maintained by the department undergo a "continuation review" — essentially justifying their budget and mission — before receiving continued funding.
A loser in the reshuffling is state's Natural Heritage Program, a non-regulatory agency that merely tracks the state's rare animals, plants and habitats. It would see the largest budget cut due to the move, losing about 41 percent of its budget. The drop in funding to $450,000 would mean the loss of about half of the program's staff.
Other environmental programs seem to be headed to the chopping block next year. The budget directs the new Department of Environmental Quality to present a final report to the General Assembly on programs that help clean up pollution from leaking commercial underground storage tanks and prevent mercury pollution.
Legislators also agreed to allow the state Renewable Energy Tax Credit expire and to terminate the noncommercial Leaking Underground Storage Tank Fund, which assist landowners with cleanups.
Abandoned Vessels
A provision to "Clarify Coastal County Authority Over Abandoned Vessels" would repeal and rewrite current statutes to allow coastal counties to prohibit the abandonment of vessels in navigable waters within their jurisdiction.
An abandoned vessel would be defined as one that is moored, anchored or otherwise located for more than 30 consecutive days in any 180-day period without permission of the dock owner, or a vessel that is in danger of sinking, has sunk, is resting on the bottom or is located such that it is a hazard to navigation or an immediate danger to other vessels. The action wouldn't apply to shipwrecks and underwater archeological remains that have been in place for more than 10 years.
The language was inserted by Sen. Bill Cook, R-Beaufort, following a discussion between one of his aides and officials with the East Carolina Council of Governments in New Bern. The council recently conducted a survey to assess the extent of the problem. Council Director Judy Hills told Coastal Review Online there was "no harm" in the budget provision, but more needs to be done on the matter.
"In October we are convening a work group to look more closely at the issue," Hills said.
Waiving Pollution Penalties
One provision in the budget would lessen penalties for violations of the state's sediment and erosion control law. Opponents say the change undercuts protections against permanent damage to streams and rivers. Civil penalties could be capped at $25,000 or waived entirely if there are no prior violations and the violator takes action to stop the damage within 180 days of being notified of a violation.
Shellfish Provisions
Oysters are one of the few environmental winners in the budget. Photo: N.C. Coastal Federation.
The budget includes several items related to shellfish, including a ban on the use of oyster shells as a ground cover in commercial landscaping. The state Marine Fisheries Commission would handle enforcement.
The budget also includes new language establishing a marine shellfish sanctuary in Pamlico Sound to be named in honor of late Sen. Jean Preston, a Republican from Carteret County. The sanctuary is intended to enhance shellfish habitats to benefit fisheries, water quality and the economy. The N.C. Division of Marine Fisheries is to designate an area as a recommendation to the Environmental Review Commission for a sanctuary or network of sanctuaries and create a plan for managing it and creating additional oyster habitats.
Also, the division, in consultation with representatives of the commercial fishing industry, representatives of the shellfish aquaculture industry and relevant federal agencies, is directed to create a proposal to open shellfish cultivation leasing areas in Core Sound that are currently subject to a moratorium on shellfish leasing. The resulting report on the plan is to be submitted by April 1, to the Joint Legislative Commission on Governmental Operations.
The budget also includes changes to the shellfish-cultivation leasing program, substituting global positioning system or GPS data for the currently required survey to define leasing area boundaries and increasing the lease terms from five to 10 years.
Permitting for oyster restoration projects are to be simplified under the budget plan. The Division of Marine Fisheries and Division of Coastal Management, along with representatives of conservation organizations working on oyster restoration, would create a new permitting process specifically designed for oyster restoration projects. The report, including recommended legislation, would be due to the Environmental Review Commission no later than May 1.
Mark Hibbs, Coastal Review Online assistant editor, contributed to this report
Filed Under: Legislature, News & Features Tagged With: general assembly, marine debris Reprint this Story
About Kirk Ross
Kirk Ross is a longtime North Carolina journalist based in the Triangle, covering the state government, public policy and climate change. He can be reached at kirkrossreport@gmail.com
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2018 winners: Diane Schoemperlen (top) and Lynne Viola (bottom).
Diane Schoemperlen is the author of 14 books of fiction and non-fiction, including This Is Not My Life: A Memoir of Love, Prison, and Other Complications. Her collection Forms of Devotion: Stories and Pictures won the 1998 Governor General's Literary Award for English-language Fiction.
Lynne Viola is a University Professor in history at the University of Toronto and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. Her work is on the social and political history of the Stalin years, focusing on the mass repression of the 1930s.
The Canada Council for the Arts Molson Prizes are awarded to two persons – one in the arts and the other in the social sciences and humanities, who have distinguished themselves by their outstanding achievements. The prizes are intended to encourage ongoing contributions to Canada's cultural and intellectual heritage.
Nominations must be submitted to the Council by a third party (individual or organization).
A peer assessment committee will select the recipients from among all the nominations received.
For eligibility criteria, the nomination form and further information on these prizes, see the Canada Council for the Arts Molson Prizes Guidelines.
These prizes are funded by an endowment from the Molson Foundation.


text:
My Best Holidays Ever — For Kids
My Best Holidays Ever -- For Kids
Last updated . 24 September 2019
Australian Traveller's ultimate guide to kids' holidays — designed by the kids themselves!
We've turned the tables on this whole thing and gone straight to the source. What sorts of things do Aussie kids want to do? Where do they want to go? From the mouths of babes, it's the ultimate kids holiday guide.
"I want to go to Darwin to see the crocodiles."
– Ashley, aged 5, Mt Martha Vic
"I'd go to Melbourne to visit my uncle. We would go to the beach and play volleyball and go to Luna Park and go on all the rides. We would stay in a hotel and have room service."
– Kaitlyn, aged 8, Balga WA
"I would like to go snorkelling at the Great Barrier Reef, because I would like to see all the fish and the sea creatures in the water and all the pretty seaweed and coral and sponges."
– Holly, aged 8, Safety Beach Vic
"Africa, because it's got good animals. I would see birds, elephants and snakes. I would get to meet an African girl and we would play games, like tip. I like the country because you get to eat pineapples and get to climb up trees so I can see the view."
– Holly, aged 7, Narrabeen North NSW
"I want to go and see the statues of the dinosaurs."
– Natas, aged 3, Quakers Hill NSW
"I would like to visit Santa in the North Pole and ask him if his boots get hot in Australia."
– Morgan, aged 6, Mount Barker SA
Page 1: "The won't eat me, I'm tuff."
Page 2: "Swim with dolphins and see if they'll talk to us."
Page 3: "I like pink hotels."
Page 4: "Bounce from star to star."
Page 5: "Water-Sisters-Movie-World!"
Page 6: "Swim in a chocolate river."
Page 7: "Meet the real Santa Claus."
Page 8: Mission Impossible . . .
The best things to do around Australia in September
The best non-flying last minute holidays for families
Every school holidays, the same problem emerges... where do we take the kids? With fights skyrocketing, and your busy life getting in the way of prop...
What to do in Bright, Victoria
Three-and-a-half hours' drive north-east of Melbourne lives Bright: here we share some secrets on how to have the perfect day in this Victorian town...
Five of Australia's best old pubs
There are days when nothing beats a no-frills Aussie pub, but sometimes we want the best of both worlds. (more…)...
Ultimate AUS itinerary for Prince Harry and Meghan Markle
With Prince Harry and Meghan, the Duke and Duchess of Sussex heading to Australia this month for Sydney's Invictus Games, we thought the couple migh...
A run down of the Hilton Hotels, Australia
Everything you need to know about the Hilton in Australia, from the staff at Australian Traveller Magazine. There are 7 Hilton hotels located in Au...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Dowler and CanWest TVWorks Ltd - 2006-074
Joanne Morris (Chair)
Diane Musgrave
Paul France
Complainant
Rob Dowler
Campbell Live
CanWest TVWorks Ltd
Free-to-air TV Code: Accuracy
Free-to-air TV Code: Fairness
Complaint under section 8(1)(a) of the Broadcasting Act 1989
Campbell Live – panel discussion about power outage in Auckland – complainant alleged that programme gave the impression that the discussion was live, when it was pre-recorded – allegedly inaccurate, unfair and in breach of programme information standard
Standard 5 (accuracy) – no statements of fact alleged to be inaccurate – standard does not apply – not upheld
Standard 6 (fairness) – no person or organisation alleged to be treated unfairly – standard does not apply – not upheld
Standard 8 (programme information) – standard requires viewers to be disadvantaged before breach will be found – no disadvantage to viewers – not upheld
This headnote does not form part of the decision
[1] Campbell Live, broadcast on TV3 at 7pm on 12 June 2006, included a panel discussion about a recent power outage in Auckland. The host of Campbell Live introduced the item as follows:
So Auckland is struggling to cope with an infrastructure that – whether in terms of its power lines, its roading or its public transport – seems stretched, literally today, to breaking point.
Well we are joined now by Energy Minister David Parker who is in our Parliament studio in Wellington, thanks for joining us Minister…
[2] Rob Dowler made a formal complaint about the item to CanWest TVWorks Ltd, the broadcaster. He noted that, on the same day as the Campbell Live broadcast, an interview with David Parker had also screened at 7pm on TV One. Mr Dowler asserted that both channels had given the impression that they were conducting a live interview, but this could not be the case. He had confirmed with TVNZ, he wrote, that its interview with Mr Parker was in fact live.
[3] Mr Dowler contended that Standards 5, 6 and 8, and guidelines 5b, 5c, 5e and 6c had been breached.
[4] CanWest assessed the complaint under the standards and guidelines nominated by the complainant. They provide:
Standard 5 Accuracy
News, current affairs and other factual programmes must be truthful and accurate on points of fact, and be impartial and objective at all times.
5b Broadcasters should refrain from broadcasting material which is misleading or unnecessarily alarms viewers.
5c Broadcasters must ensure that the editorial independence and integrity of news and current affairs is maintained.
5e Broadcasters must take all reasonable steps to ensure at all times that the information sources for news, current affairs and documentaries are reliable.
Standard 6 Fairness
In the preparation and presentation of programmes, broadcasters are required to deal justly and fairly with any person or organisation taking part or referred to.
Programme makers should not obtain information or gather pictures through misrepresentation or deception, except as required in the public interest when the material cannot be obtained by other means.
Standard 8 Programme Information
Broadcasters are responsible for ensuring that programme information and structure does not deceive or disadvantage the viewer.
Broadcaster's Response to the Complainant
[5] In its response, CanWest maintained that the segment complained about did not make any claim to be live, nor did it identify that the discussion was pre-recorded. In fact, it said, the panel discussion had been pre-recorded live and screened without any editing.
[6] CanWest contended that Standard 5 (accuracy) did not require every pre-recorded item to be denoted as such. If an item was presented to the viewer as live, it said, then the standard required that it be so. However, the broadcaster asserted that this item had not been presented as live, and there had been no key on screen claiming that it was. The broadcaster found no breach of Standard 5.
[7] Looking at Standard 6 (fairness), CanWest found that all participants in the discussion were dealt with fairly, and no information was gathered through misrepresentation or deception. It concluded that Standard 6 had not been breached.
[8] Turning to consider Standard 8 (programme information), the broadcaster did not consider that viewers were deceived or disadvantaged by the pre-recording of the interview. What the viewer had seen, it said, was the live panel discussion, not an edited version. Further, the broadcaster reiterated that no claim had been made that the item was screening live. It did not uphold the complaint.
Referral to the Authority
[9] Dissatisfied with the broadcaster's response, Mr Dowler referred his complaint to the Authority under s.8(1)(a) of the Broadcasting Act 1989. He said his complaint related to:
…the screening of a pre-recorded interview on Campbell Live on TV3 with the "Campbell Live" logo on screen, leading me to believe that the interview was actually live until I noticed that the Minister was also appearing at exactly the same time on TV One's Close Up.
[10] He submitted that it was inappropriate for Campbell Live to leave an impression that an interview was "live" by displaying the Campbell Live logo on screen. Mr Dowler contended that the logo should have been removed, or a tag should have been displayed saying that the programme was pre-recorded.
Standard 5 (accuracy)
[12] Mr Dowler was concerned that the programme had given the impression that it was a live broadcast, when it was in fact pre-recorded. Regardless of whether this impression was given, the complainant's concerns in this regard do not amount to a complaint that the programme was inaccurate or untruthful on "points of fact". Whether or not a programme is live is not a "point of fact" within the meaning of the standard.
[13] For this reason, the Authority concludes that the accuracy standard has no application to this complaint.
Standard 6 (fairness)
[14] Standard 6 requires broadcasters to "deal justly and fairly with any person or organisation taking part or referred to". In the present case, the complainant has not identified any person or organisation that he claims was treated unfairly by the broadcast.
[15] Accordingly, the Authority considers that the fairness standard has no application to this complaint.
Standard 8 (programme information)
[16] Standard 8 states that broadcasters must not deceive or disadvantage viewers through programme structure. Here, the complainant believed that the way in which the programme was presented gave the incorrect impression that it was a live broadcast.
[17] The Authority rejects the complainant's suggestion that the Campbell Live logo contributed to any impression that the broadcast was live; Campbell Live is simply the name of this well-established current affairs programme. The Authority does agree, however, that in light of its introduction, the programme did give the impression of being a live broadcast.
[18] In this sense, the Authority accepts that the programme's structure could be said to have "deceived" viewers, albeit in a minor way. But that, in the view of the Authority, does not automatically equate to a breach of Standard 8.
[19] The clear intent of Standard 8, read as a whole, is to prevent broadcasters from disadvantaging viewers through a variety of means. The Authority considers that the word "deceive" needs to be read in this context. Standard 8, therefore, should be interpreted as "deceive or otherwise disadvantage viewers", making it clear that it is concerned with only those deceptions that disadvantage viewers. Deceptions that are purely technical or which cause viewers no disadvantage will not breach the standard.
[20] The "deception" in the present case – that viewers may have thought the interview was live, when it was in fact pre-recorded – would not have disadvantaged viewers. Had the position been more apparent, viewers would not have had a different impression of the programme or the information it was conveying. In the absence of disadvantage to viewers, the Authority considers that the standard was not breached.
[21] This interpretation of Standard 8 is supported by the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990. Section 14 of that Act guarantees broadcasters the right to freedom of expression, and section 5 states that that freedom can be limited only where the limitation is reasonable, and demonstrably justified in a free and democratic society.
[22] In interpreting section 5, the Court of Appeal has said (in summary) that assessing the reasonableness of a limitation can be approached by questioning whether the limitation is a reasonable and proportionate means of furthering the objective of the provision in question1.
[23] In the present case, the underlying objective of the provision in question (Standard 8) is to protect viewers against being disadvantaged by a broadcaster's practices. This objective cannot be furthered by finding in breach a programme that causes viewers no material disadvantage. Accordingly, the Authority considers that upholding a complaint under these circumstances would be unreasonable in terms of section 5 of the Bill of Rights Act. It therefore declines to uphold the complaint.
For the above reasons the Authority declines to uphold the complaint
Joanne Morris
Rob Dowler's formal complaint – 12 June 2006
CanWest's decision on the formal complaint – 14 July 2006
Mr Dowler's referral to the Authority – 14 July 2006
CanWest's response to the Authority – 20 July 2006
1 See Moonen v Film and Literature Board of Review (No 2) [2002] 2 NZLR 754, and Noort v MoT [1992] 3 NZLR 260
19 September 2006 Māori Television and CanWest RadioWorks Ltd - 2006-056
Radio Pacific. Host's comments. Accuracy, social responsibility (denigration). Not upheld.


text:
\section{Introduction}
A power-like distribution appears in various branches of science and has been investigated.
One of them is called Tsallis distribution, and it has been studied in the last few decades.
The distribution is one parameter extension of the Boltzmann-Gibbs distribution.
This distribution has been used to analyze various phenomena \cite{TsallisBook}.
An example is the momentum distribution in high energy collisions.

A problem in high energy collisions is to obtain the momentum distribution of emitted particles.
The momentum distribution is fitted with a Tsallis distribution which has two parameters, $q$ and $T$,
where $T$ is called temperature in the present paper.
The Tsallis distribution approaches the Boltzmann-Gibbs distribution as $q$ approaches $1$.
It was shown that the momentum distribution is fitted well by the Tsallis distribution with the parameter $q$ which is close to $1$
\cite{Alberico2000,Biyajima2005,Biyajima2006,Wilk07_Tsallis,Wilk2009}.

There are several origins of the Tsallis distribution.
One of them is the Tsallis entropy\cite{Tsallis1988,Tsallis98_constraints}.
Other origins of the distribution exist:
temperature fluctuation\cite{Wilk2009,WIlk2000,WIlk2013_prepri},
multiplicative noise\cite{WIlk2013_prepri,Biro2005,Hasegawa2006_Physica}, etc\cite{WIlk2013_prepri,Hasegawa2006_Physica}.
Therefore, the Tsallis distribution is a probable distribution.
The definition of the expectation value of a physical quantity is not always obvious,
because the origin of the Tsallis distribution is not always the Tsallis entropy,
as discussed in the study of the Tsallis nonextensive statistics.

The phase transition is an important topic in high energy heavy ion collisions.
A topic is the study of the equation of state in the nonextensive statistics \cite{Drago2004,Pereira2007}.
The NJL model is often used to study the the phase transition.
This model was used to study the effects of the nonextensive statistics \cite{Rozynek2009}.
The linear sigma model is also used to study the phase transition at high energies.
The model is the extension of $x^4$ model, and
the effects of the Tsallis statistics was studied in the $x^4$ model in quantum mechanics \cite{Ishihara2012,Ishihara2014}.
The phase transition should be investigated with these models, when the distribution is described with the Tsallis distribution.

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the effects of the Tsallis distribution on physical quantities in chiral phase transitions.
We assume that the momentum distribution is the Tsallis distribution
and study the variations of the quantities: the condensate, mass, critical temperature, and energy density.
We employ the linear sigma model and study the $q$ dependences of the quantities.
The expectation value in the present study is not $q$-expectation value used in the Tsallis nonextensive statistics.
The effects of the distribution on the quantities are investigated under the massless free particle approximation.
The variations of the quantities are studied when the distribution is the Tsallis distribution,
because the possibility of the Tsallis distribution is presented.

The expressions of the physical quantities are obtained when the momentum distribution is the Tsallis distribution.
The following things are shown.
The chiral symmetry restoration at $q > 1$ occurs at low temperature,  compared with the restoration at $q=1$.
The sigma mass and pion mass also change, reflecting the chiral symmetry restoration.
It is shown that the critical temperature decreases as $q$ increases.
The extension of the Stefan-Boltzmann limit of the energy density is shown.
The energy density increases remarkably as a function of $q$.
This fact implies that the deviation of $q$ from $q = 1$ is small for $q>1$.

The outline of this paper is as follows.
In section~\ref{sec:expression},
the expressions of some quantities are calculated in the linear sigma model,
when the momentum distribution is the Tsallis distribution.
In section~\ref{sec:numericalresults},
the numerical values of the quantities are shown for various $q$.
Section~\ref{sec:discussion} is assigned for discussion and conclusion.

\section{Expressions of the condensate, mass, critical temperature, and energy density}
\label{sec:expression}
Scalar fields $\phi=(\phi_0, \phi_1, \cdots, \phi_{N-1})$ are used and
the Hamiltonian density of the linear sigma model is given by
\begin{equation}
{\cal H} = \frac{1}{2} \left( \partial^{0} \phi \right)^2 + \frac{1}{2} \left(\nabla \phi \right)^2 + \frac{\lambda}{4} \left( \phi^2 - v^2 \right)^2 - H \phi_0 ,
\label{eqn:Hamiltonian}
\end{equation}
where
${\displaystyle (\partial^0 \phi)^2 \equiv \sum_{i=0}^{N-1} ( \partial^0 \phi_i) ^2 }$,
${\displaystyle (\nabla \phi)^2 \equiv \sum_{i=0}^{N-1} ( \nabla \phi_i) ^2 }$, and
${\displaystyle \phi^2 \equiv \sum_{i=0}^{N-1} \left( \phi_i \right)^2 }$ .
The Hamiltonian density is rewritten by inserting the decomposition $\phi_i = \phi_{i\rm{c}} + \phi_{i\rm{h}}$  into equation~\eref{eqn:Hamiltonian},
where $\phi_{i\rm{c}}$ represents the condensate and $\phi_{i\rm{h}}$ is the remaining part.

The expectation value of the Hamiltonian density is calculated.
The expectation value $\vev{\left( \phi_{i\rm{h}} \right) ^{2s+1}}$  is zero under the free particle approximation,
where $s$ is a non-negative integer and $\vev{O}$ represents the expectation value of the physical quantity $O$.
The expectation value of Hamiltonian density under the approximation is given by
\begin{eqnarray}
\vev{{\cal H}(\phi)} &=& {\cal H}(\phi_{\rm{c}}) + \frac{1}{2} \vev{ \left(\partial^0 \phi_{\rm{h}} \right)^2} + \frac{1}{2} \vev{ \left(\nabla \phi _h\right)^2}
+  \frac{\lambda}{2} \left(\phi_{\rm{c}}^2 - v^2\right) \vev{\phi_{\rm{h}}^2}
\nonumber \\  &&
+  \frac{\lambda}{4} \vev{ \left(\phi_{\rm{h}}^2\right)^2}  + \lambda \sum_{j=0}^{N-1} \vev{\phi_{j\rm{h}}^2} \left( \phi_{j\rm{c}} \right)^2
,
\end{eqnarray}
where ${\displaystyle \phi_{\rm{c}}^2 \equiv \sum_{i=0}^{N-1} \left( \phi_{i\rm{c}} \right) ^2 }$
and ${\displaystyle \phi_{\rm{h}}^2 \equiv \sum_{i=0}^{N-1} \left( \phi_{i\rm{h}} \right)^2}$.

The massless free particle approximation (MFPA) \cite{Gavin1994,Ishihara1999} is
applied to calculate the approximate values of the various physical quantities.
The quantity $\vev{\left( \phi_{j\rm{h}} \right)^2}$ under the approximation is given by
\begin{equation}
\vevapp{\left( \phi_{j\rm{h}} \right)^2} = \int \ \frac{d\vec{k}}{(2\pi)^2 k} \  \vevapp{a_{j\vec{k}}^{\dag} a_{j\vec{k}} }
+ \int \ \frac{d\vec{k}}{(2\pi)^2 (2 k) } \qquad (k = |\vec{k}|) ,
\end{equation}
where $\vec{k}$ is the momentum and $a_{j\vec{k}}$ is the annihilation operator for the field $\phi_{j\rm{h}}$.
The second term is discarded in the present calculation, because this term is the contribution of the vacuum.
The expectation value of $\left( \phi_{j\rm{h}} \right)^2 $ under MFPA is represented as
\begin{equation}
\vevapp{\left( \phi_{j\rm{h}} \right)^2} = \int \frac{d\vec{k}}{(2\pi)^3} \frac{1}{k} f_{q}(\vec{k}),
\end{equation}
where $f_{q}(\vec{k})$ is the distribution function.

The Tsallis distribution is useful to describe the momentum distribution
in the analysis of the experiments of high energy heavy ion collisions.
Therefore, the Tsallis distribution is assumed as $f_{q}(\vec{k})$,  where $q$ is a parameter introduced in the Tsallis distribution.
The Tsallis distribution for boson in MFPA is given by
\begin{equation}
f_{q}(\vec{k},T) = \frac{1}{\left[ 1 + (q-1) \left( \frac{k}{T} \right)\right]_{+}^{\frac{1}{(q-1)}} -1},
\end{equation}
where $T$ is a parameter, which is just the temperature of Boltzmann-Gibbs distribution when $q$ is equal to $1$.
Therefore, we call the parameter $T$  temperature in this paper.
The notation $[x]_{+} $ represents $x$ for $x \ge 0$ and $0$ for $x < 0$.
We define $K_q(T)$ as  $K_q(T) := \vevapp{\left( \phi_{j\rm{h}} \right)^2}$.
The expectation value of Hamiltonian density $\vevapp{{\cal H} (\phi)}$ is given by
\begin{eqnarray}
\fl
\vevapp{{\cal H}(\phi)} &=& {\cal H}(\phi_{\rm{c}})
+ \frac{\lambda}{2} \left\{ \left( N+2 \right) \phi_{\rm{c}}^2 - N v^2 \right\} K_q(T)
\nonumber \\ &&
+ \frac{1}{2} \vevapp{ \left(\partial^0 \phi_{\rm{h}} \right)^2}
+ \frac{1}{2} \vevapp{ \left(\nabla \phi_{\rm{h}}\right)^2}
+ \frac{\lambda}{4} \vevapp{ \left(\phi_{\rm{h}}^2\right)^2} .
\label{vevapp:H}
\end{eqnarray}
The last three terms in the right-hand side of equation~\eref{vevapp:H} are independent of $\phi_{j\rm{c}}$.

The value of the condensate is given as the solution of the following differential equation
in the case that the condensate $\phi_{j\rm{c}}$ is uniform and time-independent:
\begin{equation}
\frac{\partial{\vevapp{{\cal H}(\phi)}}}{\partial \phi_{i\rm{c}}} \equiv
\lambda \left[ \phi_{\rm{c}}^2  + \left(N+2\right) K_q (T) - v^2 \right] \phi_{i\rm{c}} - H \delta_{i0} = 0 .
\label{eqn:extremum}
\end{equation}
The mass squared $m_i^2$ is defined by
\begin{equation}
m_i^2 := \frac{\partial^2{\vevapp{{\cal H}(\phi)}}}{\partial \phi_{i\rm{c}}^2}
= \lambda \left[ \phi_{\rm{c}}^2  + 2 \left( \phi_{i\rm{c}} \right)^2 + \left(N+2\right) K_q(T) - v^2 \right]  .
\end{equation}

The potential in equation~\eref{eqn:Hamiltonian} is tilted to the $\phi_0$ direction when $H \neq 0$.
Therefore, the value of the condensate $\phi_{j\rm{c}}$ for $j \neq 0$ is zero for $H \neq 0$.
Equation~\eref{eqn:extremum} for $\phi_{0\rm{c}}$ is reduced to the following equation:
\begin{equation}
\left( \phi_{0\rm{c}} \right)^3  + \left[ \left(N+2\right) K_q(T) - v^2 \right] \phi_{0\rm{c}} - H/\lambda = 0.
\end{equation}
The mass squared $m_i^2$ is given by
\begin{equation}
m_i^2 =  \lambda \left[ \left( 1 + 2 \delta_{i0} \right) \left( \phi_{0\rm{c}} \right) ^2  + \left(N+2\right) K_q(T) - v^2 \right]  .
\end{equation}

Once $K_q(T)$ is given, the condensate $\phi_{0\rm{c}}$ and mass $m_i$ are obtained.
The quantity $K_q(T)$ is expressed with digamma function $\psi(x)$:
\begin{equation}
K_q(T)  = \frac{I(1,-1)}{2\pi^2}  = \frac{T^2}{2\pi^2 (q-1)} \bigg\{ \psi(2-q) - \psi(3-2q)\bigg\}   \quad (q < 3/2) ,
\end{equation}
where $I(1,-1)$ is given by equation~\eref{eqn:I,1,-1} in \ref{sec:integrals}
The restriction of $q$ comes from the condition that the integral converges.
The quantity $K_q(T)$ approaches $T^2/12$ as $q$ approaches $1$, as is expected \cite{Gavin1994,Ishihara1999}.

As is well-known,  the critical temperature $T_{\rm{c}}$ cannot be defined definitely when $H \neq 0$.
In the present study, the critical temperature is the temperature at which a local minimum of the potential vanishes:
a local minimum and  local maximum  merge.
This critical temperature $T_{\rm{c}}(q)$ is given by
\begin{eqnarray}
\fl
T_{\rm{c}}(q) &=& \sqrt{\frac{2\pi^2}{(N+2)} \left( \frac{q-1}{\psi(2-q) - \psi(3-2q)} \right)
                            \left[ v^2 - \frac{3}{4} \left(\frac{4H}{\lambda}\right)^{2/3} \right]}
\qquad ( q < 3/2 ) .
\end{eqnarray}
Therefore, the ratio $T_{\rm{c}}(q)/T_{\rm{c}}(q=1)$ is
\begin{equation}
\frac{T_{\rm{c}}(q)}{T_{\rm{c}}(q=1)} = \sqrt{\frac{\pi^2}{6} \left( \frac{q-1}{\psi(2-q) - \psi(3-2q)} \right)}  \qquad\qquad ( q < 3/2 ) .
\end{equation}
This ratio is independent of the number of fields $N$.

The mass of the field $\phi_{0\rm{c}}$ has a minimum as a function of the temperature.
The temperature at the minimum, $T_{0}^{*}(q)$,   is calculated by differentiating $\left(m_{0}\right)^2$.
The ratio $T_0^{*}(q)/ T_{\rm{c}}(q)$ is
\begin{equation}
\frac{T_0^{*}(q)}{T_{\rm{c}}(q)} = \sqrt{ \frac{ v^2 + 3 \left( \frac{H}{4\lambda} \right)^{2/3}}{ v^2 - \frac{3}{4} \left( \frac{4H}{\lambda} \right)^{2/3}}} .
\end{equation}
This ratio is independent of the parameter $q$ and the number of fields $N$.
This value is determined only by the parameters of the linear sigma model.
The mass $m_0$ and condensate $\phi_{0\rm{c}}$ at $T_0^{*}$ are given by
\numparts
\begin{eqnarray}
&& m_0(T_0^{*})  = \sqrt{6\lambda} \left( \frac{H}{4 \lambda}\right)^{1/3}  ,
\label{eqn:m0:min} \\
&& \phi_{0\rm{c}}(T_0^{*}) = \left( \frac{H}{4 \lambda}\right)^{1/3} .
\end{eqnarray}
\endnumparts
The mass of the field $\phi_{j\rm{c}}$ $(j \neq 0)$  does not have extremum at $T \neq 0$.

The energy density $\varepsilon$ of free particles for one field and pressure density $p$ are given by
\numparts
\begin{eqnarray}
&&\varepsilon = \int \frac{d\vec{k}}{(2\pi)^3} \omega(\vec{k},T) f_q(\vec{k},T) , \\
&&p = \int \frac{d\vec{k}}{(2\pi)^3} \frac{k^2}{3 \omega(\vec{k},T)} f_q(\vec{k},T) ,
\end{eqnarray}
\endnumparts
where $\omega(\vec{k},T)$ is the energy of a particle.
The relation $\varepsilon = 3p$ is also hold in the massless case.
The energy density divided by $T^4$ for $N$ fields is calculated with equation~\eref{eqn:I,3,-1}  in \ref{sec:integrals}
\begin{eqnarray}
\frac{\varepsilon(q)}{T^4} &=& \frac{N}{2\pi^2 (q-1)^3}  \bigg\{ \Big[ \psi(2-q) - \psi(5-4q) \Big]
\nonumber \\ && \qquad\qquad
- 3 \Big[ \psi(3-2q) - \psi(4-3q) \Big] \bigg\}
\qquad\qquad (q < 5/4) .
\end{eqnarray}
The right-hand side is independent of the temperature.
This is the extension of the Stefan-Boltzmann limit of the energy density.
The restriction of $q$ also comes from the condition that the integral converges.
The ratio $\varepsilon(q)/\varepsilon(q=1)$ is given by
\begin{eqnarray}
\frac{\varepsilon(q)}{\varepsilon(q=1)}
&= \frac{15}{2\pi^4 (q-1)^3}  \bigg\{ \Big[ \psi(2-q) - \psi(5-4q) \Big]
\nonumber \\ & \qquad\qquad
- 3 \Big[ \psi(3-2q) - \psi(4-3q) \Big] \bigg\} \qquad\qquad (q < 5/4) .
\end{eqnarray}

The numerical values of the above quantities are shown in the next section.

\section{Numerical results}
\label{sec:numericalresults}
In this section, the values of the physical quantities are calculated numerically
under the  approximation, MFPA,  discussed in the previous section.
The number of the fields $N$ is set to 4.
The fields, $\phi_{0}$ and $\phi_{j}$ $(j = 1,2,3)$, are interpreted as the sigma field and  pion fields, respectively.
The values of the parameters of the linear sigma model are set to $\lambda=20$, $v=87.4\mathrm{MeV}$, and $H=(119 \mathrm{MeV})^3$.
At $T=0$, the parameters generate  $m_0=600\mathrm{MeV}$, $m_j=135\mathrm{MeV} (j =1, 2, 3)$, and
pion decay constant $f_{\pi}=92.5\mathrm{MeV}$.

Firstly, the temperature dependences of the condensate $\phi_{0\rm{c}}$, sigma mass  $m_0$, and pion mass $m_j$ $(j = 1,2,3)$,
are shown for $q=0.9$, $1.0$, and $1.1$.
These temperature dependences at $q=1$ are well-known.
Figure~\ref{fig:vev:mass}(a) shows the temperature dependences of the condensate for $q=0.9$, $1.0$, and $1.1$.
It is shown that the temperature dependence at $q \neq 1$ is similar to that at $q=1$.
High temperature is required to restore the symmetry for small $q$.
This $q$ dependence is easily explained by the fact that
the ratio of the number of the particles with large momentum at $q>1$ is larger than that at $q=1$.
The difference between different $q$ in the condensate can be seen at $T \sim T_{\rm{c}}$.
Figure~\ref{fig:vev:mass}(b) shows the temperature dependence of the sigma mass  for $q=0.9$, $1.0$, and $1.1$.
The sigma mass has a minimum and the mass at the minimum is independent of $q$.
The mass at the minimum is 302.5 MeV from equation~\eref{eqn:m0:min} for the present values of the parameters, $\lambda$, $v$, and $H$.
This value is also obtained from the numerical calculation of $m_0$ which is given in figure~\ref{fig:vev:mass}(b).
Figure~\ref{fig:vev:mass}(c) shows the temperature dependence of the pion mass  for $q=0.9$, $1.0$, and $1.1$.
Contrarily, the pion mass does not have the extremum at $T \neq 0$.
The difference of the mass between different $q$ can be seen at high temperature at which the symmetry is (partially) restored.
\begin{figure*}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.32\textwidth]{fig1a.eps}
\includegraphics[width=0.32\textwidth]{fig1b.eps}
\includegraphics[width=0.32\textwidth]{fig1c.eps}
\end{center}
\caption{Temperature dependences of (a) the condensate, (b) sigma mass, and (c) pion mass for $q=0.9$, $1.0$, and $1.1$. }
\label{fig:vev:mass}
\end{figure*}

Secondly, the behavior of  the critical temperature $T_{\rm{c}}$ as a function of $q$ is shown.
The ratio $T_{\rm{c}}(q)/T_{\rm{c}}(q=1)$ is shown in figure~\ref{ratio:TcTcq=1}.
The parameter $q$ is less than $3/2$ as discussed in the previous section.
The critical temperature decreases as $q$ increases in the figure.
The critical temperature $T_{\rm{c}}(q=1)$  in the present case is approximately $90\mathrm{MeV}$ \cite{Ishihara1999_2} .
Therefore, the critical temperature at $q=1.1$, $T_{\rm{c}}(q=1.1)$, is approximately $10\mathrm{MeV}$ lower than $T_{\rm{c}}(q=1)$.
The ratio of the temperature $T_0^{*}(q)$ to the critical temperature $T_{\rm{c}}(q)$ is approximately $1.57$ in the present case.
The $q$ dependence of $T_0^{*}(q)$ is the same as that of $T_{\rm{c}}(q)$.
Therefore, the behavior of the  ratio $T_0^{*}(q)/T_{\rm{c}}(q=1)$ is the same, like $T_{\rm{c}}(q)/T_{\rm{c}}(q=1)$.
\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.4\textwidth]{fig2.eps}
\end{center}
\caption{The ratio $T_{\rm{c}}(q)/T_{\rm{c}}(q=1)$ as a function of $q$, where $T_{\rm{c}}(q)$ is the critical temperature.}
\label{ratio:TcTcq=1}
\end{figure}

Finally,
the ratio $\varepsilon(q)/\varepsilon(q=1)$ is shown in figure~\ref{ratio:epsq/epsq=1}.
The energy density increases markedly as $q$ increases, as shown in figure~\ref{ratio:epsq/epsq=1}(a).
The increase of the energy density around $q=1$ is shown in figure~\ref{ratio:epsq/epsq=1}(b).
The energy density at $q=1.1$, $\varepsilon(q=1.1)$,  is approximately three times larger than $\varepsilon(q=1)$.
Much energy is stored for $q>1$ even when the Tsallis distribution is close to the Boltzmann-Gibbs distribution.
As shown in figure~\ref{ratio:epsq/epsq=1}(a),  the energy density diverges at $q=5/4$.
Therefore, the temperature $T(q)$ is restricted, because $q$ is restricted from energetic point of view.
We note the values of the ratio $T_{\rm{c}}(q)/T_{\rm{c}}(q=1)$.
The ratio $T_{\rm{c}}(q)/T_{\rm{c}}(q=1)$ for $q=3/2$,  $5/4$, and $0$, are $0$, $0.685$, and $1.814$, respectively.
The restriction caused by the energy density, $q<5/4$, indicates that
the ratio $T_{\rm{c}}(q)/T_{\rm{c}}(q=1)$ is larger than $T(q=5/4)/T(q=1)$ in figure~\ref{ratio:TcTcq=1}.

\begin{figure*}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.33\textwidth]{fig3a.eps}
\includegraphics[width=0.33\textwidth]{fig3b.eps}
\end{center}
\caption{Ratio of the energy density $\varepsilon(q)$ to $\varepsilon(q=1)$ in the region of (a) $0 < q < 5/4$ and (b) $0.9 < q < 1.1$.}
\label{ratio:epsq/epsq=1}
\end{figure*}

\section{Discussion and Conclusion}
\label{sec:discussion}
We studied the effects of the Tsallis distribution in the linear sigma model.
The Tsallis distribution was assumed as the distribution function,
because some origins of the Tsallis distribution are suggested and
the Tsallis distribution describes many phenomena well in various branches of science, such as momentum distribution.
The Tsallis distribution has two parameters, $q$ and $T$, where we call the parameter $T$ temperature.
The distribution approaches the Boltzmann-Gibbs distribution as $q$ approaches $1$.
The effects of the distribution on physical quantities, such as condensate, were investigated.
We note that the expectation value in the present study is not the $q$-expectation value used in the Tsallis nonextensive statistics
and that studying the realization of the Tsallis statistics is out of the scope.

At the same temperature, the condensate at $q>1$ is smaller than the condensate at $q=1$
and the condensate at $q<1$ is larger than the condensate at $q=1$.
The behavior depends on the expectation value of the square of a field, $(\phi_{i\rm{h}})^2$, which increases as $q$ increases.
This increase comes from the fact that the tail of the distribution is long for $q>1$.
The parameter $q$ is restricted in the region of $q < 3/2$ in the calculation of the expectation value of $(\phi_{i\rm{h}})^2$.

The increase of the expectation value of $(\phi_{i\rm{h}})^2$  affects the mass.
The pion mass $m_j$ $(j = 1, 2, 3)$ at $q>1$ is heavier than the mass at $q=1$
and the pion mass at $q<1$ is lighter than the mass at $q=1$.
At high temperature, the sigma mass at $q>1$ is heavier than the mass at $q=1$.
However, at low temperature, the sigma mass at $q>1$ is lighter than the mass at $q=1$.
This behavior at low temperature comes from the behavior of the condensate.
The quantity $\vev{(\phi_{i\rm{h}})^2}$ at $q>1$ is large, compared with the value at $q=1$,
and the value of the condensate is small at $q>1$ at low temperature, compared with the value at $q=1$.
The sigma mass at $q>1$ decreases rapidly at low temperature, reflecting the value of the condensate.

The critical temperature $T_{\rm{c}}(q)$ decreases as $q$ increases.
This behavior depends on the expectation value of the square of a field, $(\phi_{i\rm{h}})^2$, as the condensate does.
The critical temperature changes even when $q$ changes slightly.
The sigma mass $m_0$ has a minimum at the temperature $T_0^{*}(q)$,
and the $q$ dependence of the temperature $T_0^{*}(q)$ is the same as that of $T_{\rm{c}}(q)$.
The ratio $T_0^{*}(q) / T_{\rm{c}}(q)$ depends only on the parameters of the linear sigma model.
The mass $m_0$ at $T_0^{*}(q)$ depends also only on the parameters of the linear sigma model.

The energy density $\varepsilon(q)$ is proportional to $T^4$.
The ratio $\varepsilon(q)/(N T^4)$ depends only on the parameter $q$ under the massless free particle approximation,
where $N$ is the number of fields.
The extension of the Stefan-Boltzmann limit for the energy density, $\varepsilon(q)/T^4$, is shown.
The parameter $q$ is restricted in the region of $q<5/4$ in the calculation of $\varepsilon(q)$.
Physically, the deviation of $q$ from $q=1$ for $q>1$ should be small,
because the energy density increases remarkably as $q$ increases.
The critical temperature $T(q)$  is also restricted from the restriction of $q$:
the ratio $T(q)/T(q=1)$  is larger than $T(q=5/4)/T(q=1)$.

The variations of the physical quantities are obviously affected by the Tsallis distribution in spite of small $|q-1|$.
The remarkable increase of the energy density as a function of $q$ implies that the quantity $|q-1|$ should be small for $q>1$,
because it is difficult to increase the energy density extremely.
It is not equal $q$ being $1$ that $|q-1|$ being small.

In summary,
the expressions of physical quantities, such as critical temperature, are obtained
when the momentum distribution is the Tsallis distribution which has two parameters, $q$ and $T$,
where the parameter $T$ is called the temperature in this paper.
The chiral symmetry restoration at $q>1$ occurs at lower temperature,  compared with the symmetry restoration at $q=1$,
and the changes of the sigma mass and pion mass reflect the chiral symmetry restoration.
The effects of the Tsallis distribution on the condensate are shown at $T \sim T_{\rm{c}}$,
and the effects of the Tsallis distribution on the mass are shown at $T > T_{\rm{c}}$.
The critical temperature decreases monotonically as $q$ increases.
The small deviation of $q$ from $q=1$ results in
the large deviations of the quantities, especially the energy density.
The extension of the Stefan-Boltzmann limit  of the energy density is shown, and
it is expected from energetic point of view that the small deviation of $q$ from $q=1$ is realized for $q>1$.
It is not equal $q$ being $1$ that $|q-1|$ being small, and
the physical quantities are affected by the Tsallis distribution even when $|q-1|$ is small.

The results will be useful to study the phenomena in high energy collisions,
and the further works related to the Tsallis distribution will be performed in the near future.

\medskip \noindent {\bf References}
\input{paper_201505_mod.bbl}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


I was an adolescent when the Cold War began. I remember the "father of (Soviet Russia) containment" George Kennan and Winston Churchill's 1946 Fulton, MO "Iron Curtain" speech – later writing about what they both had to say.
America's National Security State and NATO began during his tenure. Weeks before Truman launched aggression on the Korean peninsula, using a South Korean proxy, falsely blamed on the North, the Joint State-Defense Department Committee National Security Memorandum No. 68 (NSC-68) began US containment of Soviet Russia.
Nazi Germany and imperial Japan horrors seemed erased from the public consciousness. The above claim was at a time America was the only global superpower. Soviet Russia was devastated by WW II – needing many years to regain normality.
It didn't threaten America or the West back then. Nor does the Russian Federation threaten anyone now.
McCarthyism today is back on steroids. Its original incarnation represented baseless slander, unscrupulous fear-mongering, and political lynchings.
Its hearings were political witch-hunts, targeting innocent victims, ruining careers, vilifying targeted subjects as "card-carrying communists," others called "loyalty risks" – hysteria created for McCarthy's political gain.
It proved his undoing. He fell from grace – never uncovering a communist threat to America, only the illusion.
During televised June 1954 Army-McCarthy hearings, I watched Army lawyer Joe Welch successfully challenge the disreputable Wisconsin senator.
Exposing his "cruelty (and) recklessness" led to his undoing. His popularity plunged overnight. Senate censure followed during Eisenhower's tenure.
Notable Senate members at the time included Harry Byrd, William Fulbright, Wayne Morse, Estes Kefauver, Margaret Chase Smith, Paul Douglas, Hubert Humphrey, Everett Dirksen, and Jack Kennedy, among others.
Frank Church was elected in 1956, later chairing the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. He co-sponsored a foreign aid bill amendment, halting all funding for war in Southeast Asia he wanted ended.
The likes of the above figures in Washington are long gone, bipartisan neocon extremists replacing them.
Raging Russophobia today is at a greater fever pitch than any earlier post-WW II period in my memory.
I followed it all during my formal working years, long before I began writing as a second career in retirement.
Near unanimous congressional Russophobic rage is the shame the nation, along with the vast majority of House and Senate members supporting endless US wars of aggression.
Media scoundrels cheerlead this appalling agenda instead of responsibly denouncing it – to their shame and disgrace.
NYT and Washington Post editors are perhaps the most despicable of a wretched lot – journalism the way it should be suppressed in their commentaries.
In its latest edition, Times editors invented what they called a "dark bond between President Trump and Vladimir Putin," claiming it "reached a new level" in Helsinki.
They shamefully accused Trump of "snuggling up to his Russian counterpart…fawning over Mr. Putin," calling Russia's democratically elected president a "strongman" – a bald-faced lie!
WaPo editors were just as disgraceful – despicably calling on Congress to "pass a resolution," turning truth on its head calling Russia a "gangster regime," urging legislation imposing tougher sanctions, along with a separate measure to perpetuate Mueller's witch-hunt probe as long as he wishes it continued.
Is impeaching Trump and removing him from office for daring to hold summit talks with Putin coming next?
Responsible US senators and congressmen of a bygone time may be rolling over in their graves because of the deplorable state of US governance today – the most despicable and dangerous in my lifetime.


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I'd like to request a showing of Lucayan Towers South 414, Grand Bahama, Bahamas, . Thank you!


I am using Grads to produce GFS Charts and would like to know if its possible to have a script that could produce the charts for 252 hrs to 384 hrs.
The problem appears to be that the GFS 0.25 only goes up to 240 hrs before the old 0.5 model is used to produce charts out to 384 hrs.
Is it possible to have a second script that started downloading at 252 hrs instead of 00 hrs.
Anyone have any suggestions on how I could do this?


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Dreamforce is Salesforce's annual user and developer conference held in San Francisco. It is the biggest cloud computing event of the year where 1Click.io made its first appearance.
Ram Bhoopalam, business strategist at 1Click.io was in San Francisco to attend this gala event. Here are a few pictures he captured at Dreamforce.
They ran out of limousines to reach Dreamforce but Ram still made it!
They heard about 1CLICK.io and are more excited about it than being on the beach!
They want 1Click.io all for themselves and are ready to fight for it!
Our brand new logo made into an awesome graffiti!
This entry was posted on November 29, 2013 by Shruti Diwan in Events and tagged 1Click at dreamforce, cloud computing, dreamforce, next generation, salesforce CRM, Technology.


text:
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"Life is Wicked" — Amara by Funminiyi Omojola | A Brittle Paper Story in Three Parts
by Ainehi Edoro
I felt guilty for loving this story. Funminiyi Omojola who is a returning Brittle Paper champion comes strong in this sad but irresistible tale about all that is dark in the life of a girl desperate for the good things of life. There are so many ways for things to go wrong between a guy and a girl. You just hope it never goes wrong for you like this.
They sat beside each other on the cold cement floor, their legs stretched out in front of them.
Amara stared at hers. They were fat and lumpy, like that of a woman who had given birth to all the children in her belly. And even though her neighbor was further gone, Aniekan's legs were skinny, like the rest of her. She had bony shoulders and hands that were long and thin like tree branches. Her palms were clasped over her big stomach, a network of green veins visible on them. Her head was hung on one side, an absent look in her eyes.
"Are you okay, Aniekan?" Amara asked. The other girl did not respond. She just blinked. She had barely spoken a word in almost two days. She just sat there and stared, and blinked.
Amara got up from her sitting position and looked out of the window they had been sitting underneath. It was evening, yet the sun sat in its usual spot in the sky like a cripple. A large hawk crossed its smiling face and punctuated the raucous laughter ringing in the July heat with loud squawks. Amara's eyes went from the skies to the teenage girls in the compound. They were busy – washing clothes, sweeping, clearing debris, chatting and laughing.
Here was a nightmare.
She had thought that it was only children who could find happiness in dark places. But she had come here to find that she was wrong. She was in a place where happiness had been wrested from the hands of every inmate, yet, life went on as if all was well.
She wondered about her family. Had they stopped searching for her? Had her father, after the first few frantic weeks, come to terms with the idea that his daughter was missing for good, shrugged and retreated behind his glasses and endless newspapers? What about Ada? Had she moved on with her life, with her provocative dressing and the reckless use of sexual allure to fund her life?
Her mind came back to the present.
She could barely hear what they said because the louvers were shut, but one look at Oma, the tough round girl with woolly hair who sat on the pavement told Amara that they were having a good time. Oma who rarely mingled with the others was smiling indulgently at the chit chat around her, filing her nails and spitting intermittently into a gutter. Her spittle was startlingly white, compared to her charcoal black complexion.
"See this mumu? Na one thousan' them take fuck you?" Amara heard Oma guffaw, pointing the piece of metal in her hand at Chinenye, an awkward girl with a long, bird-like face that was guarded on either side by hair that had been woven taut in black thread. Chinenye's back was turned to the window but Amara could see she was bent over a bowl filled with clothes, washing vigorously. The water in the bowl was a dark color and had little lather. Beside her gritty heels that were marred by Y-shaped cracks was a mashed remnant of green bar soap.
All the other girls laughed at Oma's jokes, more out of deference than funniness. They all showed Oma a lot of respect because she was a veteran. They said that she had produced up to four – all of them male, and she was carrying the fifth.
Amara suddenly felt dizzy. Slowly, her buttocks against the wall, she slid back into a sitting position, squeezed her eyes shut and palmed her forehead where a turbulence was brewing. It felt as if her brain was in a vortex, and something pounded in her head till she felt as if her skull was readying to implode. Her second hand cradled her swollen stomach. An inferno had traveled down there, singed it's way through her chest. She burned all over. Tears fell freely from her eyes.
"I have saved some money. Hundred thousan'," Aniekan's voice broke through Amara's pain.
"After this one, I will leave and never come back," she sniffed.
Minutes later, when she felt better, Amara turned to her friend who had produced three before, all of them female, and was now carrying the fourth.
"Don't you worry about them?" Amara whispered. "I mean, that you may never meet them again, never know who they turn out to be?"
Aniekan sighed.
"Well, sometimes…" she replied in a pensive tone. She looked as though she wanted to add something else, but then shrugged it away.
"You should do the same too. Have two or three, save some money, then go an' start your life afresh". She faced Amara, and with a serious look in her eye said, "Obodo bu igwe, and life is wicked. You have to use what you have to get what you want, nwanne'm."
It was a funny thing. Those were Ada's exact words to her that night, six months ago.
The first time Amara met him, he walked up to her in the middle of a busy road.
He later told her that he had been driving past when he saw her, standing, a black nylon bag hanging from her right hand like a wrecking ball. Her attention was riveted on the oncoming traffic from her side of the road and so she did not notice him stare, nod, apply the brakes, pull up and turn off the ignition.
It was when she had safely made it to the carriage divider that she saw him, crossing also, walking towards her, a small smile on his tiny lips. She did not recognize him, and so had tried to make way for him, but he just stood there.
He was very dark in complexion and young, around twenty two. He had rich dark eyebrows that arched themselves up in worry. His nose was small and pointed, and his lower lips were pink. He was dressed in a richly embroidered black kaftan, like a mallam, despite the fact that he was obviously Ibo.
"What is it?" she had asked, as cars whizzed past behind him.
"Nothing," he replied. "I saw you, again. And I decided I would not let you go, this time."
"I don't understand," Amara said, more relieved than flattered. To say she was scared was an understatement. Enugu was a dangerous town. She had heard many stories of rape and kidnap that began romantically, by a stranger walking up to a young woman, chatting her up and befriending her till things spiraled out of control.
They crossed the road together.
"Can we talk inside my car?" he asked, pointing with the silvery snout of the key in his hand at a black, shiny Mercedes parked on the roadside. Amara did not know much about cars but she did not need a seer to tell her that what she was being invited into was an expensive automobile.
She shook her head and kept on walking.
"Did you have to cross the road? What do you want?" she asked, beginning to feel flattered by the attention.
"Yes, I was afraid if I did not, you might disappear, again. I had to."
She looked up for a second and saw a look of fondness festering on his fascinating face as he described first seeing her on Alo Street, two days before. She remembered the day he spoke about. She had gone there to see Uloma, her friend who had just had an abortion, and was very ill. Ulo had tried to keep the fact of the pregnancy from everyone, but when the quack doctor at New Haven had nearly taken her life, the world got to know, as her father aptly put it, 'of the secret soup she was cooking that burned down the house'.
"I tried to follow you but you turned a corner and just disappeared," he concluded.
She watched him throw his long legs in front of him as they walked. She felt small beside him, barely reaching his elbows, but she liked the air that surrounded him. It reeked of easy comfort. He had an assuredness about him, the kind of assurance that came when one had money, charm and time at their disposal.
Amara looked at the gold-plated face of her leather strap wristwatch. It was a quarter to seven. Ada would have started to worry about her. Her elder sister had sent her to buy Garri. She had had to go farther because the aging woman who owned the food stuff kiosk next door had closed up and entered her house. Amara did not blame Mama Ngozi. The activities of the hoodlums whom Enugu bred by the thousand had no respect for either age or meager holdings.
"So, what do you want?" she asked again.
"Your number, thank you" he smiled charmingly. His teeth were neatly arranged, and sickeningly white, like the flesh of boiled egg. He already had his phone in his left hand, his thumb hovering above the number Zero on the lighted key pad.
"I don't have a phone," Amara responded, truthfully and came to a stop. She was close to the house already and had no intentions of letting a stranger, no matter how handsome he was know where she lived – at least not yet.
"Give me your sister's own," he said, a little too knowingly.
"How do you know I have a sister?" she queried.
"I was hoping so," he had laughed. "You can't give me your brothers' own for obvious reasons," he explained and chuckled. Amara thought she detected a note of nervousness in his tone.
"Well, I don't have a brother, or a sister," Amara had lied.
His smile had dimmed a little in wattage then. "So, how do I see you again?" he rasped.
"I don't know. I really must go now. You can see me anywhere, I live on this street. Please stop following me," she said, sounding a little desperate even in her own ears.
"You will not tell me where or how I can see you then?" he asked, straightening to his full height and pocketing his phone.
"I live on this street," she replied.
"Okay, at least tell me your name, bikonu…" he pleaded.
"No," she responded and started to walk away.
She had been a little relieved when he did not follow her, yet as she walked, a lot of thoughts assailed her.
Had she been too difficult? No, she did not think so. The city was brimming with rich and handsome young men who fed on young, innocent girls. They used and dumped them, sometimes raped them or used them for money rituals. On that score, she decided she was right to have been wary and not divulged any information about herself.
"Information is key," her father always said. "With the right information, a man without hands can open a locked door."
She always wondered how that was possible but never asked him to explain. Coincidentally, she also always considered herself a locked door, when it came to boys.
"Until you are ready to get married, you must remain a closed door," was a mantra Nne had, like hot balm onto a painful sprain, massaged into the heads of her two daughters before she had passed, two years ago.
So it was vital she hid information well then, until she felt ready.
Yet, something told her that that young man had meant no harm. It was that same treacherous something that had tried to pull words out of her mouth, but she had restrained herself. All through their short liaison, he had not tried to touch her. In the past, she had had to slap many a hand from across her supple waist. That was standard Enugu toasting procedure. But he had been different, urbane and gentlemanly, even using words like 'thank you and please'. Suddenly she wished she had been more liberal. She felt a little sad he had not tried to follow her. She glanced behind her but found he was gone.
The 'yard' in which she lived in Emene was bustling with near nude children when she stepped in. A sharp pain coursed through her as she sidestepped the happy brood skipping around the sandy compound. They were a blessed lot, weren't they? For them, ignorance was pure bliss. Amara did not see how anyone who lived in such squalor could experience a second of happiness. She greeted Mama Emeka who squatted by the entrance to her one room apartment, bathing her toddler in a basin. The boy had rings of lather all over his body and was running his palms over his face in hurried circular motions.
"Emeka, come take biscuit when you finish you hear?" Amara invited him.
He was a nice and quiet kid and they got along very well. He was the only one who shared her reflections and angst. Whenever she was most depressed, he would come pattering into the room she shared with her sister, cuddle up beside her and suck his thumb. She would tell him stories, first of the tortoise, then of grandeur – how there was a better life out there somewhere waiting to be lived. Many times, he was content to fall asleep in her room until his mother would come for him.
"I come," the boy responded, his eyes still shut tight.
She found her father seated at the entrance of their two room apartment. If she were asked to paint a picture of the man, there was a classic image of him that would jump into her head. It was of him as he sat, reading from a newspaper. His bald head shone brightly under the glare of the electric bulb hanging directly above his head. He wore a white singlet that dipped into a slack "U" at the chest, revealing the bones of his thoracic region. Steel rimmed spectacles perched over a small nose, underneath which a chewing stick danced with vigor. He wiggled long, spindly legs wrapped by a faded red ankara wrapper.
"Nno papa," Amara greeted as she walked past the seventy-something year old man.
"Ada has been looking for you," her father responded in a voice made gruff by snuff. He barely took his eyes off the newspaper.
"Ehen? I went to buy the Garri she asked for," Amara responded, raising the dusty door blind and disappearing into the parlor. Another shot of pain zipped through her like electric current. She eyed the room with distaste. It was bare, and the bright lighting made the fact all the more glaring. She eyed the two single chairs and a settee stationed in a rectangle around the room. The seats were clothed in purple and the chairs all dipped in the middle. It was better to seat on the floor than on those chairs. The settee was better because instead of dipping in the middle, it's seats were lumpy, undulating. On the floor was a tattered blue rubber carpet, matching the blue walls. The focal point of the room was the wooden cabinet on which sat a small television, and beside it a transistor radio. The other compartments of the cabinet were littered with odds and ends like exercise books and disused Tiger batteries. In the middle of the room was a rectangular table, and on top of that laid open her Government text book, a jotter and her Schneider biro. She had been studying for final examinations before Ada had sent her on the errand.
"Sister,'" she called out needlessly as she approached the kitchen.
"Ogini? Why are you shouting my name?" Ada responded and they had both laughed at the mutual joke, their voices bouncing off the walls of the long, cluttered corridor. Surprisingly, Ada was alone in the kitchen. At that time of the night, there would usually be at least three women in the kitchen, in different stages of culinary activity. Ada sat on a low stool and was bent over their kerosene stove, stirring a pot of Ogbono soup. Since Nne had died, Ada had done most of the cooking before she had gone to the University. But Ada was home because the schools had been closed down. The lecturers had embarked on what they referred to as 'the mother of the mother of all strikes". Amara gently dropped the nylon bag in her hand on the floor beside her sister.
"What took you so long?" Ada asked without looking up.
Amara explained. And then on impulse, she added:
"One guy came to talk to me as I came home."
"Ibiakwa, who is he?" she asked, a big smile of surprise and obvious approval on her face as she fiddled with the knot on the nylon bag.
Amara told her the story.
"Ha, why didn't you tell him your name, nu?" Ada muttered. She was trying to undo the knot with her teeth.
"I don't know… I don't know him sister."
"Hmm, okay, biko when next you see him, call me, let me meet him. He sounds like a good, responsible person." And lowering her voice, "And rich too. Amara, you know we need money. You are no longer a child."
"What are you saying sister? That I start sleeping with men for money?" Amara's eyes widened in alarm.
Ada hurriedly clamped a palm over her younger sister's mouth.
"Mechionu ebaa, stupid girl" she growled, eyeing the teenager sternly before she let go of her, turned and started to pour Garri into the pot of steaming water.
After they had eaten, and turned in for the night, Ada faced her younger sister as they laid on the narrow mattress they shared.
"Amara, you are no longer a child. You need to outgrow all these childlike things that you do. Don't you want to get married someday?"
"I do, but not now. I still have to go to school."
"School!" Ada laughed. "You are aware if we are to work by papa's clock, I have to graduate before you ever can dream of entering university? All things being equal, I will, in three years time. But with strikes and all you may have to wait longer, maybe five years?"
What Ada said was true. Their father earned four thousand naira a month at the Government technical college where he was a janitor. Amara often wondered what kind of janitor he was since the school had no windows and all the classroom doors were missing. But it was the job that fed them. When he gave his daughter her monthly allowance of one thousand naira, their father never looked at her eyes. They all knew Ada's life style on campus cost far more than that, but some questions were better left unasked.
"If the ear does not hear the fart, the nostrils just may not pick its stink," was another of their father's favorite sayings.
Amara knew her sister pallied with an assortment of Enugu's Yahoo boys. Her current boyfriend was Lucky, a final year Botany student who drove a Nissan Pathfinder. Ada said she attracted them all with her angelic face and scandalous dress sense. She was proud of her wide hips and round buttocks which held men spellbound, but a sixth sense always told Amara that what bound her sister and these boys together was more sinister than mere sex. The way they 'hailed' her was suspicious. Also, Ada received her romantic phone calls in the room, uninhibited by Amara's presence. But there were also calls she left the room to receive in the backyard, and they lasted long hours.
Amara listened dreamily to her sister's voice telling her to grow up and to take charge of her destiny at a young age. Ada told her how she was lucky to have blossomed so fast that at seventeen she was already attracting men with money, with her full breasts and wide behind, while her mates still desperately stuck their chests out and hung their behinds in the air to attract attention – and all to no meaningful avail.
"Have you collected JAMB?" her sister asked her.
She shook her head in the darkness.
"I have told you, you cannot work with papa's time. This is your opportunity. You don't have to sleep with him. Just play your cards right and all will be okay. I will show you what to do."
Amara dreamt of him that night. Twice.
In the second dream, he met her and her sister, again in the middle of the road; and this time, he put his arms around Ada and both of them had laughed at her.
Amara's story continues next Monday
Image by Anthony Kurtz, from his street photography project on Senegal. See more photos HERE.
Oluwafunminiyi Omojola is a Nigerian writer who is also a banker. Being a Yoruba man who is married to a Hausa lady and resident in Iboland, Funminiyi considers himself an epitome of the detribalised Nigerian.
His poems and short stories have appeared in many news dailies and magazines around Africa including The Sunday Sun, This Day, and The Kalahari Review.
funminiyi Omojola
Ainehi Edoro | administrator
Spice Up Your Reading with These 16 Short Story Collections by African Authors from Indie Presses
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COMMENTS ( 6 ) -
Amara is Impregnated by Julius, But it Gets Worse — Amara (Pt. 3) by Funminiyi Omojola | A Brittle Paper Story | Brittle Paper December 04, 2013 01:30
[…] you haven't been following, read Part One and Part […]
"Shame Is Too Good For You!" — Amara (pt.2) by Funminiyi Omojola | A Brittle Paper Story in Three Parts | Brittle Paper November 27, 2013 10:15
[…] The gripping drama of Amara's life started last week in the first of Omojola's three-part story. [Read Pt. 1] […]
faith November 18, 2013 18:10
Can so relate to this storey.....can't wait for d part 2...Niyi, u r GOOD!!!.....faith odigwe
Obinna November 18, 2013 12:39
Nice work, i have a lot to say about this story and the style. Perhaps like Nze said, when i have read all i will be able to make a clear judgement. Kudos!
Nze November 18, 2013 10:24
Ok, I didn't want this to end. Will certainly be back to lap up the rest of it next week. Guess it is only right to leave my general comment until i have read it all. Nice one.
Samuel Okopi November 18, 2013 01:39
Interesting read. I particularly liked the last scene. The first scene sets the stage for some suspenseful read that I know will be satisfied in the coming installments. I know Omojola. He doesn't disappoint.
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Allard & Emond à Montréal offers you a range of products and services to keep your family or business in total comfort. Our technicians are competent, experienced and professional for responding to your needs.
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Allard & Emond has excellent after-sales service. Problem? Doubt? Question? We are with you and will process your request as soon as possible.


SHENANDOAH, Texas.--Connecticut College first year swimmer Mary Erb of Readfield, Maine hoisted the program's seventh NCAA Crown in Shenandoah, Texas on the final night of the National Championship. Erb posted a time of 2:14.61 in the 200 yard breaststroke.
She joins her fellow stateswoman Kate Kovenock '05 as the women's swimming program's second NCAA Champion. Kovenock posted a time of 23.32 seconds in the 50 yard freestyle to win Connecticut College's first NCAA Crown in March of 2004. This is the first time a first year student athlete has won an NCAA Championship at Connecticut College. It's the third NCAA Championship for Head Men's and Swimming Coach Marc Benvenuti at the College. The Waterford native has instilled a sense of pride for the College and all of New London County.
The Camel women set a program record, placing 10th with a score of 101 points. They were the second highest finishing team in the NESCAC at this week's Championship in the Lone Star State.
Senior Valerie Urban (Lancaster, Pa.) closed out her career with an All-American performance in the 1,650 yard freestyle tonight, placing eighth with a time of 17:01.34. In the 400 yard freestyle relay, Julia Klier (Cohasset, Mass.), Olivia Haskell (Norwalk, Conn.), Juliette Lee (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) and Lily Gribbel (Pleasanton, Calif.) posted a time of 3:28 to finish 16th for the Camels. They earn Honorable Mention All-America accolades for Connecticut College.
With their 12 points this week, the Connecticut College men finish in a tie for 37th place in the country with Gettysburg and Calvin.
Connecticut College senior Mike Fothergill (Medford, Mass.) posted a time of 49.43 seconds to finish 13th in the 100 yard backstroke at the NCAA Swimming and Diving Championship in Shenandoah, Texas Friday. Fothergill is recognized as on Honorable Mention All-American for the Camels. The Camel men are in 32nd place right now with a score of 12 points.


In December, 1862, John Hunt Morgan led an army of 3,000 men on a raid through Southern Kentucky. He fought various battles and destroyed railroads and telegraph lines along his route. One stop was in Glasgow, where he was met by three companies of Michigan Cavalry. He drove out the Michigan troops and held control of Glasgow for three days while he destroyed Union rail and communication facilities. He fought a small battle at Bearwallow before moving on.
The West Kentucky Corporation, an organization of Western Kentucky cities and counties, is establishing the "John Hunt Morgan Civil War Trail". Fort Williams was built in 1863 to keep John Hunt Morgan out and to maintain Union control over Southern Kentucky. It was raided and captured on October 6, 1863 by Col. Hughes of the 25th Tennessee, CSA. Many men, horses and supplies were captured and taken to Tennessee.
General Lewis, commander of the famous "Orphan Brigade"
is buried just down the hill from Fort Williams.


Any Bali regular will know Barbacoa is one of the hottest restaurants in Seminyak.
So, if you're anything like us, you'll be damn excited to learn Barbacoa's founding co-owner, Adam Dundas-Taylor, a Gold Coast local, is bringing his restaurant smarts and kitchen skills back to the homeland, with preparations well underway to open a restaurant and bar in Nobby Beach. Srsly!
Called Fire Cue, a spin on "barbecue", Adam's new baby will embody many of the same insanely tasty cooking techniques that've garnered him a near cult following in Bali. Modern Latin American food is the influence, with a big focus on meats cooked over a wood fire and charcoals, ensuring that smoky goodness is infused throughout.
Designed around sharing, Fire Cue menu teasers include empanadas, hand-made tacos, cold-smoked ceviche, chipotle ribs, brined chicken wings in romesco sauce, Spanish croquettes, and tuna pizzas. Add to that, epic meat offerings off the "parilla" barbecue like grilled marinated hanger steak, rib eye, flamed prawns, charred octopus, Portuguese chicken, fish, and squid. We are drooling just thinking about it!
Adam has managed to get his hands on a sweet venue in hip Nobby Beach, and is madly working away transforming the space into a sultry new eatery and bar worthy of a spot on your fave to-dine list.
You know we'll be hot on the tail for details, so watch this space, folks! And prepare for the meat sweats; the best kinda sweats possible.


Following on from Stephen Colbert's humourous take on public photography in the, there's slightly more distrurbing news in the British Journal of Photography (via Boing Boing).
There are far too many cases of law enforcement officials wrongly stopping members of the public from taking photographs. We don't yet live in a police state.


We left Colorado and are in Tahoe right now after a brief stop in Utah again to ride Park City.....we have both ridden there so I did just a day of riding. We also rode Aspen, Salida, Monarch, Pagosa Springs, and other places in Colorado I can't remember right now. Western Colorado is a great place and has endless riding options of all types.
**Its impossible to put everything and everyplace we ride and go on this trip online. Its hard to find fast internet and I just have too much fun stuff going on to play on the computer. I'll try and come back and update this when the trip is over. This is a big trip and I hope whoever is reading this understands that.


Struggling to understand what you need to do to fix your website? Struggling to understand what your developer is saying to you?
Don't worry. It's understandable. If there's one thing that's common about everything on the internet, it's jargon.
I have worked on both sides of the conversation – requesting services and providing services – and I know what the jargon means. I can help you translate your ideas into words developers will understand. And I can help translate developer/SEO jargon so that you understand.


The Gregory Hotel in New York City doesn't just want its guests to stay the night. This swanky spot wants them to get the best sleep of their lives.
The Gregory is a Midtown hotel that has created what it calls the "Ultimate Sleep Room." It's fully loaded with products and tech that are designed to help visitors drift off in no time. Coolest of all, the stuff they use is backed by NASA.
The Ultimate Sleep Room is equipped with smart pillows that track REM sleep, play music, and vibrate to wake you up. The mini fridge in the room is stocked with Nightfood ice cream, which is specially formulated to help encourage sweet dreams. You'll also find down boot slippers, CBD spray, gel eye masks, and sheets made of eucalyptus fibers. The lights in the sleep room are also the same kind used by NASA to help astronauts fall asleep in space.
So how much will this experience cost you? Not as much as you'd think. Guests can bed down in the Ultimate Sleep Room until April 10, 2019 starting at $199 per night.


text:
Q: Method lookup in Ruby's interrelation diagram? Can someone explain the relation between the Ruby class interrelation diagram and the way method lookup is done in the actual Ruby C code?
Interrelation diagram from https://ruby-doc.org/core-2.5.3/Class.html:
                     +---------+             +-...
                     |         |             |
     BasicObject-----|-->(BasicObject)-------|-...
         ^           |         ^             |
         |           |         |             |
      Object---------|----->(Object)---------|-...
         ^           |         ^             |
         |           |         |             |
         +-------+   |         +--------+    |
         |       |   |         |        |    |
         |    Module-|---------|--->(Module)-|-...
         |       ^   |         |        ^    |
         |       |   |         |        |    |
         |     Class-|---------|---->(Class)-|-...
         |       ^   |         |        ^    |
         |       +---+         |        +----+
         |                     |
 obj--->OtherClass---------->(OtherClass)-----------...

and the lookup in Ruby code seems to traverse RClass's super member as a flat list here: pseudocode
while (!st_lookup(RCLASS(klass)->m_tbl, ...)) {
    klass = RCLASS(klass)->super;
    ...
}

Where in the above diagram would the internal RClass.super and RBasic.klass (C structures)
 pointer-arrows be mapped ?  Which path would the method lookup take in this diagram? In particular the diagram seems to contain cycles. How is that to be interpreted? What does the ... in
obj--->OtherClass---------->(OtherClass)-----------...

mean (singleton of a singleton ?), how is singleton of a singleton accessed in Ruby  and how is it  modeled in the C implementation?

A: I diggged around a bit and the  ancestor function seem to traverse the RClass.super c-struct member, the same as the method looup does. So when I do a
class OtherClass end
obj = OtherClass.new
obj.class.singleton_class.singleton_class.ancestors =>
[#<Class:#<Class:OtherClass>>, \
 #<Class:#<Class:Object>>, \
 #<Class:#<Class:BasicObject>>, \
 #<Class:Class>, \
 #<Class:Module>, \
 #<Class:Object>, \
 #<Class:BasicObject>, \
 Class, \
 Module, \
 Object, \
 Kernel, \
 BasicObject]

     BasicObject
          ^           +---------+                 +--------+
          |           |         |                 |        |
      Kernel          | #<Class:BasicObject>      | #<Class:#<Class:BasicObject>>
          ^           |         ^                 |        ^
          |           |         |                 |        |
       Object         |   #<Class:Object>         | #<Class:#<Class:Object>>
          ^           |         ^                 |        ^
          |           |         |                 |        |
          +-------+   |         +--------+        |        |
                  |   |                  |        |        |
               Module |           #<Class:Module> |        |
                  ^   |                  ^        |        |
                  |   |                  |        |        |
                Class |           #<Class:Class>  |        |
                  ^   |                  ^        |        |
                  +---+                  +--------+        |
                                                           |
obj--->OtherClass --->#<Class:OtherClass>--->#<Class:#<Class:OtherClass>>

That means the vertical arrows in the diagram can be seen as the RClass.super c-member traversal.  The horizontal arrows on the other hand should be related to RBasic.klass,  however the Ruby code seems asymetric.
             ...
              |
obj--->   OtherClass

When a singleton class is created the former RBasic.klass will get the RClass.super of the new singleton class.
             ...                           ...
            Object                   #<Class:Object>
              ^                             ^
              |                             |
          OtherClass                        |
              ^                             |
              |                             |
obj--->#<Class:#OtherClass:0x...> ->#<Class:OtherClass> -+
                                                       ^-+

and going one step futher a singleton of a singleton then looks like:
             ...                         ...                        ...
            Object                  #<Class:Object>          #Class<#<Class:Object>>
              ^                           ^                          ^
              |                           |                          |
          OtherClass                      |                          |
              ^                           |                          |
              |                           |                          |
obj-->#<Class:#OtherClass:0x...>-->#<Class:OtherClass>-->#<Class:#<Class:OtherClass>>-+
                                                                                ^-+

The meaning/usage of a singleton class is understandable, however there meaning/usage of the metaclasses is a bit esoteric.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Australia Best way to get CNC Table (Plasma) on a budget ?
Thread: Best way to get CNC Table (Plasma) on a budget ?
Best way to get CNC Table (Plasma) on a budget ?
I have a very limited budget, but already own a plasma cutter, so was hoping I might be able to put something together like this.
Or is there a better way to do things ? Maybe buy a cheap Chinese table and upgrade the motors etc ?
Anyway guys, I would really appreciate any advice / input you may have!
Re: Best way to get CNC Table (Plasma) on a budget ?
Thanks very much for the offer! Ill send you a PM about a visit!
Don't know what your budget or size requirements are but a Chinese "kit" may work for you.
Like many Chinese machines, they are often quite good fully assembled "kits" but need some finishing to make them better. If you go this path be absolutely certain they understand what you are asking for.
I might be able to help if you would like to describe what you are looking for in detail.
Send me a PM or e-mail if you don't want to post here.
Building the table is not that big of deal I have done a few, what kills it here is the price of a good size Hypertherm plasma. That will cost you as much if not more than the table.
Yer and like i said in the other post " your point is???"
Someone wanting to build/buy a CNC machine and someone wanting to sell one or is that cross-reference too obscure since both folks are in Australia and their posts are but a few days apart?
This thread is talking about plasma. The other is a Router. Design parameters are poles apart. Plasma gantry needs to be light and quick with no cutting forces to worry about but acceleration is king!.
I am planning my cnc as well and was hoping to come and look at yours and maybe get a bit of advice if possible.
Oops, sorry I thought I'd changed that address when we moved out of home into a warehouse at Acacia Ridge but it was hardcoded. But my phone numbers are on that page.
Try again now its edited.
I've now got a Thermal Dynamics 120 amp cutter on it so 16mm is a walk in the park!


text:
Lianne Klapper-McNally (* vor 1980) ist eine Filmregisseurin und Filmproduzentin, die bei der Oscarverleihung 2003 für ihren selbst produzierten Film Artists and Orphans: A True Drama eine Oscar-Nominierung in der Kategorie Bester Dokumentar-Kurzfilm erhielt. Ihre erste Tätigkeit im Filmgeschäft war im Jahr 1988 bei der Fernsehserie Dynaman. Für die Fernsehserie The Best of Us war sie als Produzentin verantwortlich.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Filmregisseur
Geboren im 20. Jahrhundert
Frau

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
AfterDawn > News > Microsoft doubles free OneDrive storage to 30GB
Microsoft doubles free OneDrive storage to 30GB
Written by Andre Yoskowitz @ 22 Sep 2014 11:52 User comments (2)
Microsoft has doubled its free OneDrive cloud storage, taking advantage of Apple user's recent troubles with upgrading to iOS 8 due to a lack of available storage.
Says the software giant of the move: "We've been listening to the commentary about storage on the new iPhones released today and we wanted to get you more storage right away. We think you'll appreciate having more free storage while setting up your iPhone 6 or upgrading to iOS 8."
Apple angered some fans when its iOS 8 updated required tons of space, as much as 6.9GB depending on your device. With most iPhone and iPad owners owning 16GB models that have just 12GB available to start, the required storage meant deleting photos, apps, games or texts. Alternatively, you could have hooked up to your PC/Mac's iTunes and upgraded that way, but not everyone was in front of a computer with hours to spare.
Microsoft has made the offer available until the end of September, and it includes the OneDrive camera roll seeing a jump from 3GB to 15GB.
Tags: Microsoft OneDrive Apple iOS 8
<Google no longer makes Google+ registration mandatory for new accounts >Apple crushes records with 10 million iPhone 6, 6 Plus sold in first weekend
123.9.2014 13:22
SuckRaven
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I don't understand how we can have 128 and 512 GB flash drives, and all kinds of high capacity SSDs, but in 2014, they can't cram another chip somewhere in these wispy devices to bump the capacity to at least 128 or 256 GB.
It could even be a tiered storage solution, where the OS and frequently accessed programs/apps reside on faster storage or RAM, and photos, music etc, are on slower storage. Just a thought.
REnninga
... "It could even be a tiered storage solution, where the OS and frequently accessed programs/apps reside on faster storage or RAM..."
REPLY: RAM is not 'storage", in the normal sense. RAM is volatile. With loss of power, and every time you shutdown or restart the computer, any data on the computer's RAM is dumped.
RAM is indeed much, much 'faster', however it is transient.
This message has been edited since its posting. Latest edit was made on 06 Oct 2014 @ 11:06
Here's how to transfer all the important data from an old Android phone to a new one
Switching to a new phone? Our guide details on how to transfer all your files and data from old Android to a new one.
How to take screenshots in Windows 10
Short instructions on how to take screenshots with Windows 10.
Fix the error: "AMD: The system has detected a link failure"
Guide on how to fix the AMD error message System has detected a link failure and cannot set the requested resolution.


Five award-winning bear picture books by Karma Wilson will enrich and extend your reading of these precious lilting, rhyming books! A 65-page collection! They are perfect for an author study in individual, paired, group, or whole class study.
Included are activities for Bear Snores On, Bear Feels Sick, Bear Feels Scared, Bear's New Friend,and Bear Stays Up for Christmas!


By Erik Ehrling (Sweden). Any comments or suggestions are very welcome!
This program provides a help screen for key mappings for the HP-42X. By using a minimal 3x3 font the key-mappings that are most hard to remember are "printed" to the upper area of the LCD.
Just run HELP. (The stack contents are preserved).
On the top row key-mappings that are different to the key legends printed on the HP-48 are displayed. For example SHIFT+STO equals COMPLEX. SHIFT + EVAL equals % while EVAL unshifted equals RCL... and so on for NXT, +/-, EEX and DEL.
In the middle all the menus mapped to 0-9 and +, -, x and / are displayed.
At the bottom row a display equal to the TOP.FCN is shown as well its shifted functions.
All key-mappings are adapted for running HP-42X on a HP-48SX/GX but the program might also be useful for users running HP-42X on a HP-49G.


text:
using ChinaTtlWifi.IAgent;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace AgentStation
{
    public class StationFactory
    {
        public static AgentApiStation GetStation(string model)
        {
            if (model == Win7.MODEL)
            {
                return new Win7();
            }

            return null;
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub