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La Revolución de Paraguaná fue un episodio de la Guerra de Independencia de Venezuela sucedido en 1821, cuando la población de la península mencionada se alzó contra las autoridades monárquicas y se adhirió a la República de la Gran Colombia.

Antecedentes
Desde la campaña de Coro de 1810, la provincia se había mantenido sin ser el campo de batalla de los ejércitos enfrentados. Sin embargo, a finales de 1820 los ejércitos de la República de la Gran Colombia se había apoderado del interior del virreinato de Nueva Granada y avanzaban lentamente sobre la costa atlántica, el Bajo Magdalena y el valle del Cauca buscando tener acceso a las rutas comerciales para conseguir dinero y armas de los comerciantes británicos. Cartagena de Indias fue puesta bajo asedio y Santa Marta cayó después de una sangrienta batalla. A pesar de que su posición no era débil, el general Pablo Morillo recibió órdenes del nuevo gobierno peninsular liberal (Trienio Liberal) de negociar con los revolucionarios, llevando a la firma del Tratado de Armisticio y Regularización de la Guerra en Trujillo, el 25 y 26 de noviembre, dándole un reconocimiento a la causa independentista.

Hasta entonces, la monárquica Maracaibo se había mantenido al margen del conflicto, a la defensiva, más afectada por ya no poder exportar regularmente su cacao y café a España y otros territorios de la monarquía. Sin embargo, estaba en la mira de los independentistas, había partidarios de su causa en la ciudad y de tomarla aislarían a los monárquicos de Santa Marta y Riohacha de Coro, pudiendo derrotarlos uno por uno. El 28 de enero de 1821 estalló una revuelta que puso al puerto en manos de los patriotas, permitiendo que el general Rafael Urdaneta le ocupara sin resistencia al día siguiente, dicho movimiento motivo el reinicio pactado de las hostilidades el 28 de abril. Entre tanto, desde 1818 en tierras de los caquetíos el obispo de Mérida, Mariano de Talavera y Garcés, y su sobrina, Josefa Camejo, habían conspirado a favor de la causa republicana. Al comenzar 1821, el obispo viaja desde Píritu a Coro para reunirse con el teniente Juan Garcés, quien lo acompaña a la península de Paraguaná, donde se reúne con los hermanos del oficial, Enrique y Jorge. Luego, sigue con reuniones con varias familias influyentes en muchos pueblos: Hidalgo y Sierralta (en Buenaventura), Reyes y Petit (Guacuira), Naranjo (Moruy), Guardia (Vínculo), Tinoco (Adicora) y con Pedro Peña (Santa Ana). Todos quedan a la espera de instrucciones que La Camejo debía traerles. El clérigo sigue a la sierra, donde se le suma el capitán José María Villavicencio, y a Casicure, logrando el favor del teniente León Ferrer. Finalmente, acaba en Maracaibo para entrevistarse con el general Urdaneta. Sin embargo, en su movimiento no sólo hay republicanos, sino también realistas liberales que desean una monarquía constitucional y estaban decepcionados del rey absolutista Fernando VII de España. Otro factor que lentamente debilito los vínculos de lealtad de la élite de Coro con su rey fue el despreció que sentían provenir desde Madrid, cuando en 1815, al llegar la expedición pacificadora del general Pablo Morillo les quedó claro que no iban a ser la capital de Venezuela, sólo les concedieron un escudo, lo que no solicitaron. El desencadenante final fue lo sucedido en Maracaibo: «Sin duda, la actitud de Maracaibo, barriendo en forma hábil la presencia realista influye en la acción de los contados paraguaneros que se pronuncian por la autonomía».

Revolución
A finales de abril de 1821, La Camejo trajo a Coro instrucciones del general, a quien conoció durante un viaje encubierto a Bogotá, logrando formar una red de conspiradores en Maracaibo, Cartagena y Paraguaná. Su labia le permitió sumar algunos oficiales realistas, antes de seguir a su predio de Aguaque. En su misión es ayudada por un mestizo joven, caporal del hato, Chayo González. El 1 de mayo, Urdaneta cruza por Los Puertos de Altagracia el lago de Maracaibo y entra en la provincia con su división, derrotando a los destacamentos de Camaricure, San Félix y Casigua. Luego sus enemigos huyen, ocupando Seque, Borojó, Sabana Larga, Zazárida y Mitare el 9 de mayo. La moral del mando monárquico era baja, un espía les había informado «que se introduxo en Maracaybo» y les decía que los soldados republicanos «llegan a 2.000 hombres», por lo que Urdaneta «tratan de invadir estos territorios». También existía el rumor que el coronel Juan de los Reyes Vargas estaba en Algodones de Siquisique con otros 2.000 efectivos listos para atacar Coro.

El general contaba con 1500 soldados que vencieron a la columna volante Fieles Corianos. Aquella unidad realista se componía de 370 plazas organizadas en una compañía de caballería de blancos y cuatro de infantería, dos de pardos y dos de blancos. Estaba mandada por el capitán del batallón Ligero del Príncipe Bernardo Miyares, ascendido a comandante del ejército, quien tenía la misión de detener a la división de Urdaneta hasta poder enviar refuerzos a Coro. Sin embargo, el propio capitán general Miguel de la Torre señalaba: «la imposibilidad de disminuir las fuerzas de mi mando de los puntos en que las tenía situadas para destacar algún cuerpo que sujetase a Coro». Esa imposibilidad es lo que le había llevado a organizar la columna volante con naturales de la región en primer lugar, pero esta unidad fue derrotada el 9 de mayo, cuando Urdaneta sorprendió a sus avanzadillas en Camanigure y Matícora, persiguiendo a sus restos hasta llegar a Coro. El hecho que sufriera de constantes deserciones es considerado indicativo que el apoyo popular a la causa real empezaba a decaer.

Es entonces que se entera que su plan ha sido delatado, decidiendo suspender el baile de su cumpleaños (18 de mayo), donde iba a fechar el golpe y adelantarse. En la madrugada del 3 de mayo sale con un grupo de 40 hombres. El único combate se da en Baraived, cuando un pelotón de caballería realista al mando del viejo oficial Chepito González, se encuentra al amanecer con la montonera de Camejo viniendo de Aguaque. Los realistas les disparan, pero los patriotas se lanzan al choque gritando vivas a Colombia y la revolución, dejando varios heridos y un muerto, el propio González, quien fallece días después. Siguen a Miraca, ya son más de 60 combatientes, y al mediodía llegan a Pueblo Nuevo. En el camino se les une el comandante José Francisco Petit, venido de El Vínculo con numerosos hombres. Asaltan Pueblo Nuevo y aborda en el cuartel al teniente de la guarnición, Segundo Primera, en su casa, a quien le exige unírsele. Ante las dudas del oficial, La Camejo le puso su pistola frente al pecho y le dijo: «"si usted no procede, procederé yo. ¡Viva Colombia!», grito repetido por sus compañeros.

En la plaza de Pueblo Nuevo el francés Santo Ángel Loubet da un discurso que logra animar al populacho. Sigue al Cabildo, donde las autoridades huyen o se rinden, siendo luego liberadas por orden de La Camejo y el comandante José Francisco Petit. El vecino Jacobo Garcés termina por leer una proclama donde se declara a la provincia de Coro incorporada a la República. Pueblo Nuevo estaba en un valle plano, rodeado por zonas ricas para la agricultura. En el cantón vivían más de 3000 indios caquetíos y un número menor de blancos y mestizos. Los indígenas eran monárquicos y sus caciques eran considerados nobles por las leyes españolas. Tenía los manantiales de Miraca y Guacuira con abundante agua fresca, y los embarcaderos de Adícora, Los Taques y Punta Cardón desde donde exportaba cueros, frutos, sal, dividive, carne salada, pescado y otros productos a Aruba, Curazao y Bonaire, pero principalmente a Maracaibo, La Guaira y Puerto Cabello.

De inmediato se forma una Junta Provisional de Gobierno con el presidente Mariano Arcaya, vicepresidente Henrique Garcés, secretario Damaso Blanco y los vocales Juan N. Sierralta por Pueblo Nuevo, José Luchón por Baraived, Francisco Miguel Pulgar por Buenavista, Cristóbal de Medina por Buenavista y Carlos Antonio Naranjo por Moruy. El acta se firma el día 9 en Pueblo Nuevo. Se organizan milicias a cargo de Loubet como Primer Jefe, secundado por Primera, quien es ascendido a comandante. Se nombra al sargento José Rosario González como reclutador y a Sabino Reyes administrador de los caudales públicos. Troconis de Veracoechea afirma que unos 300 esclavos que trabajaban las tierras de La Camejo son incorporados en las milicias a cambio de ser liberados. Según Hill Peña, Primera y Petit consiguieron reclutar más de 300 paraguaneros en siete días. El día 9, Urdaneta recibe una comunicación de José Mirayes, Manuel Urbina, el doctor Juan Antonio Zárraga, Antonio Mora y Mariano de Talavera, quienes forman la Junta Gobernativa de Coro, creada para mantener el orden en la ciudad y tratar con la división republicana que avanzaba desde Maracaibo. El mensaje era para los jefes de las fuerzas en Sabaneta y Mitare y solicitaba al general detener su marcha mientras ellos conocían cuáles eran sus intenciones. Sin embargo, Urdaneta afirma no poder detenerse por necesidades militares y promete proteger la ciudad. En Sabaneta se reúnen el general con Mirayes, Urbina y Talavera, quienes manifiestan su deseo de incorporar la provincia a la República.

Ocupación de Coro
Entre tanto, Arcaya y los jefes limitares Petit, Segunda y Loubet acuerdan avanzar sobre Coro, donde entran el 10 de mayo, encontrándose una ciudad abandonada por su guarnición y el gran parque de armas y municiones que estaba en el barrio San Nicolás destruido porque no pudieron llevarlo en la retirada. Al día siguiente, los paraguaneros se encontraron con Urdaneta en Los Dos Caminos. A las 11:00 horas entran las tropas republicanas en la ciudad, siendo recibidas con alegría por los habitantes. Después que los 400 paraguaneros juraron lealtad al nuevo régimen, por estar más descansados, los envió a perseguir a la tropa enemiga en retirada.

Consecuencias
El general nombra al teniente José María Araya como el comandante militar de Pedregal y al capitán José María Villavicencio como el de la serranía. Urdaneta dejó como gobernador de la provincia al coronel Juan Escalona, acompañado de un selecto grupo de oficiales y jefes. Sin embargo, como muchos de sus veteranos se recuperaban en el hospital local, el coronel dependía de los reclutas corianos, es decir, milicianos de Paraguaná, Coro, La Vela y la serranía. En la mañana del 27 de mayo, el pueblo de Coro juró lealtad a la República ante el Alcalde Primera Elección Mariano Arcaya y a las 15:00 horas el general Urdaneta salió para unirse al presidente Simón Bolívar en la concentración de fuerzas que se efectuaba en San Carlos. La división republicana salió el 28 de mayo dividida en dos columnas para sortear con mayor facilidad la serranía. El 1 de junio se les agregó el batallón Rifles en Pedregal, «un tanto estropeado por la dura travesía por las ardientes y desérticas tierras guajiras, y por la acción hostil de las guerrillas del indio José Gómez», ahí se le pagó como al resto de la división. El 8 de junio llegaron a Carora, perdiendo por los malos caminos 36 mulas, 3 cargas de parque y varios caballos del escuadrón Cazadores montados.

Los caquetíos de Moruy, Santa Ana y Buenavista terminaron por tomar partido por la causa realista y formaron guerrillas hasta 1823: «reunido más de cuatrocientos (indígenas) de ellos armados de fusil y flechas y machetes» según el vecino Juan José García. Por años aportaron grandes contingentes a los ejércitos realistas, especialmente al mariscal Juan Manuel Cagigal y Mac Swing, pero después de Carabobo en 1821 estaban muy debilitados y acabaron culpándose y enfrentándose entre sí. El cacique Martín López de la Chica en Moruy murió poco después, y el de Santa Ana, Juan Alberto Núñez, tuvo que huir de patriotas y rivales locales a Cabure. Muchos indios fueron muertos por los patriotas o se suicidaron y por ella no participaron de la campaña de Occidente. En 1800 eran 8000 pero en 1821 apenas 1800 por la guerra, la emigración y el hambre. Poco después desaparecieron como pueblo. Dicha estimación proviene de las Memorias de un vecino decimonónico de Coro, Juan José García: «Los dos pueblos de indios que antes de la guerra pasaban de ocho mil almas, después de ella no llegaban a un mil ochocientas. La guerra, el hambre y la emigración habían acabado con ellos». Sin embargo, según el historiador venezolano Pedro Manuel Arcaya: «El cálculo es, sin duda, errado, tanto en el primero como en el segundo número, pero es un hecho que la población de esos dos pueblos quedó reducida a mucho menos de la mitad». Moruy y Santa Ana habían sido comunidades que lograron mantener viva los últimos restos de la cultura caquetía, manteniéndose aisladas hasta finales del siglo XVIII del resto de la sociedad, basada en la fusión de españoles, negros, mulatos, zambos, etc. En los años posteriores al evento, los habitantes de la península sufrieron bastante. El agua era el principal tesoro para sus habitantes, y a la guerra y los saqueos sufridos se sumó una sequía y la proliferación de delincuentes.

Según el historiador Ysaac López Osorio, la historiografía de la región, pasado los años ha dado una relevancia cada vez mayor a La Camejo. Señalando que son escasas las fuentes que le dan protagonismo en los episodios anteriores y que si su papel fue tan trascendental en el proceso, no aparece firmando ningún documento oficial ni vuelve aparecer mencionada en los años posteriores.

Los reclutas paraguaneros se volvieron los primeros corianos que lucharon por la causa independentistas, combatiendo en Boyacá, Carabobo y las campañas del sur hasta Perú. Por ejemplo, el batallón Caracas se compuso mayoritariamente de paraguaneros y algo similar pasó con Rifles, Bravos de Coro y Cumarebo. El batallón Bravos de Coro fue incorporado íntegro al Voltígeros (antes Numancia).

Con la pérdida de Coro, el territorio bajo poder realista se redujo a Puerto Cabello y sus alrededores.

Notas

Referencias

Bibliografía

Guerra de Independencia de Venezuela


There are a lot of important people at a wedding. Of course, there is the bride and groom, but there's also the bride's maid and groom's men. Ensuring their happiness and satisfaction is essential to success. A disgruntled best man could sour the mood for everyone.
For this reason, it is important to properly consider the proper wedding preparations for men and women alike. One of the ways to make sure that everyone is prepared before the ceremony is to rent a Haberdash like the Groom's Lounge for the groom's men and employ the services of Lashes and Lace for the bride's maids.
Chances are the Groom's Lounge and Lashes and Lace is a couple you want to attend on your wedding day. Both will be there to support the bride, groom, bride's maids, and groom's men prepare for the wedding.
A Haberdash is essentially a lounge for the groom and the groom's men where they can prepare for the wedding. It is almost like a Groom Wedding Lounge in which the groom is able to relax with his friends before he takes his final vows. Some Haberdashes take the idea of wedding preparations very seriously and offer little more than a few couches, showers, and soap. Others offer other amenities.
The Pappy Van Winkle package which costs $150 and includes both a Bloody Mary and Bourbon Bar as well as transportation to and from the Groom's Lounge to the venue (limited to a ten mile radius) and photos.
They also have the tools and designer makeups that many women lack. Going with a professional is always a good choice, but it can be costly. It can also be fun to do your own makeup. If the bride choose to do so, these things should be kept in mind.
The Groom's Lounge is available for rental during wedding season and off-season. Wedding season includes the months March through November while off Season includes January through December. The minimum number of people that must be booked for a rental during wedding season is 10. However, if the Haberdash is rented off season only a minimum of 6 persons must attend.
Each rental is for a three hour period. On the weekend (Friday through Sunday), there are only two three-hour slots available: from 9:00 to 12:00 and from 1:00 to 4:00. However, the Groom's Lounge can be rented for any three-hour range from Monday through Thursday.
The Groom's Lounge is in high demand. It can often be rented out for months at a time. It's best to ensure that you attempt to reserve the Groom's Lounge long before the actual wedding day.


End of the road for "12345"
The idea of using a username and password to log into digital services has become so out-of-date and insecure that just about everyone is scrambling to find some kind of replacement. The latest password-free login solution comes from researchers working at the University of Plymouth.
The system is called GOTPass and it combines an unlock pattern (similar to the one you might have for your phone) with a picture of your choice—a truck or a seahorse or some other easily identifiable object.
Rather than having to remember a largely random collection of letters and numbers, you would simply draw your pattern and pick your icon out of a group of other images. This locks a one-time numerical code used to gain access to the app or site in question.
Unlike existing two-factor authentication systems, you don't need to have a phone with you, but there's still some work to do before the system is ready: the academics hacked their own system a total of 23 times from 690 attempts.
"There are alternative systems out there, but they are either very costly or have deployment constraints which mean they can be difficult to integrate," says project leader Hussain Alsaiari. "The GOTPass system is easy to use and implement, while at the same time offering users confidence that their information is being held securely."
If patterns and icons don't work out then fingerprints, selfies, handshakes or text messages might have to do instead. Whatever the next step is, passwords are very definitely on the way out.
And why is your password still password anyway?


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Home/Science/Targeting the Brain's Immune Cells May Help Prevent Alzheimer's Disease
Targeting the Brain's Immune Cells May Help Prevent Alzheimer's Disease
Orignally published on 2021-12-02 00:01:44 by neurosciencenews.com
Summary: A drug currently being tested in cancer clinical trials appears to prevent dysfunction in an immune cell signaling pathway associated with Alzheimer's disease. Blocking the pathway could prevent Alzheimer's from developing and slow the progression of symptoms for those who already have the disease.
Source: Weill Cornell University
A gene mutation linked to Alzheimer's disease alters a signaling pathway in certain immune cells of individuals with the disease, according to a new study by scientists at Weill Cornell Medicine.
The team also found that blocking the pathway—with a drug that's currently being tested in cancer clinical trials—protects against many features of the condition in a preclinical model.
The results could lead to new strategies to block the development of Alzheimer's disease or slow its progression.
The study, published Dec. 1 in Science Translational Medicine, focused on microglia, immune cells of the central nervous system that are the first to respond when something goes wrong in the brain.
Studies have identified many genetic variants linked to Alzheimer's disease that are highly expressed in microglia, providing compelling evidence that alterations within these cells may play a role in the disease's onset and progression.
"Microglia are guardians of the brain under healthy conditions, but can turn detrimental in disease conditions. Our goal is to identify how they become toxic and contribute to Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and whether we can identify immune modulators to reverse the toxicity without diminishing their normal protective function," said senior author Dr. Li Gan, director of the Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute and the Burton P. and Judith B. Resnick Distinguished Professor in Neurodegenerative Diseases in the Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute at Weill Cornell Medicine.
Alzheimer's disease is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease in aging, affecting approximately 46 million people worldwide. Theories point to a number of potential causes, including age-related changes in the brain, along with genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. These lead to the accumulation of toxic proteins in the brain—and according to recent evidence, immune system changes—that result in loss of neurons and their connections.
Single cell RNA-seq analysis of microglial response in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Treatment with experimental drug MK2206 depleted a subcluster of disease-associated microglia (pink) and protected against synaptic loss (not pictured). Each dot depicts one microglial cell. Different colors depict different microglial states. Credit: Dr. Li Gan.
To examine how the brain's immune cells may contribute to Alzheimer's disease, Dr. Gan and her colleagues first established the molecule fingerprint of individual microglia in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease who carry a mutation in the TREM2 gene that markedly elevates individual's risk for developing Alzheimer's disease.
TREM2 is a receptor mainly expressed by microglia in the brain, and among other functions, it signals through an enzyme named AKT to modulate inflammation and metabolism.
The team then established a mouse model by combining two strains; one that carries the AD-linked mutation in the TREM2 gene and another that exhibits Tau aggregates, one of the major pathological hallmarks in Alzheimer brains.
Both patients and mice with the mutation demonstrated memory-related deficits, and their microglia expressed high levels of inflammatory molecules and exhibited an overactive AKT signaling pathway. In the mice, inhibiting AKT with a drug called MK-2206 reversed the inflammatory properties of microglia and protected against synaptic toxicity—a type of damage to the brain's neurons that is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease.
Importantly, because AKT signaling also contributes to the pathogenesis of many types of cancer, MK-2206 is currently being evaluated in multiple cancer clinical trials. Therefore, the safety of the drug is already under investigation.
"We identified a small molecule compound that has been tested in patients with cancer, readily enters the brain, potently modulates the brain's immune responses, and protects against synaptic loss in animal models of Alzheimer's disease," Dr. Gan said. "Our findings support further study of this compound as a potential therapy for Alzheimer's disease."
About this Alzheimer's disease research news
Author: Press Office
Contact: Press Office – Weill Cornell University
Image: The image is credited to Dr. Li Gan.
Original Research: Closed access.
"AD-linked R47H-TREM2 mutation induces disease-enhancing microglial states via AKT hyperactivation" by Li Gan et al. Science Translational Medicine
AD-linked R47H-TREM2 mutation induces disease-enhancing microglial states via AKT hyperactivation
The hemizygous R47H variant of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), a microglia-specific gene in the brain, increases risk for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Using transcriptomic analysis of single nuclei from brain tissues of patients with AD carrying the R47H mutation or the common variant (CV)–TREM2, we found that R47H-associated microglial subpopulations had enhanced inflammatory signatures reminiscent of previously identified disease-associated microglia (DAM) and hyperactivation of AKT, one of the signaling pathways downstream of TREM2.
We established a tauopathy mouse model with heterozygous knock-in of the human TREM2 with the R47H mutation or CV and found that R47H induced and exacerbated TAU-mediated spatial memory deficits in female mice. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of microglia from these mice also revealed transcriptomic changes induced by R47H that had substantial overlaps with R47H microglia in human AD brains, including robust increases in proinflammatory cytokines, activation of AKT signaling, and elevation of a subset of DAM signatures.
Pharmacological AKT inhibition with MK-2206 largely reversed the enhanced inflammatory signatures in primary R47H microglia treated with TAU fibrils. In R47H heterozygous tauopathy mice, MK-2206 treatment abolished a tauopathy-dependent microglial subcluster and rescued tauopathy-induced synapse loss.
By uncovering disease-enhancing mechanisms of the R47H mutation conserved in human and mouse, our study supports inhibitors of AKT signaling as a microglial modulating strategy to treat AD.
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DPSCD chief wants fresh start for literacy curriculum
Detroit schools look to boost reading skills
DPSCD chief wants fresh start for literacy curriculum Detroit schools look to boost reading skills Check out this story on detroitnews.com: http://detne.ws/2HaJQPl
Jennifer Chambers, The Detroit News Published 11:00 p.m. ET Feb. 12, 2018
Javier Reed helps Destiny Fears, 16, a 10th-grader at Mumford Academy, improve her reading skills.(Photo: Clarence Tabb Jr. / The Detroit News)Buy Photo
Literacy is an educational milestone that remains elusive for some school children in Detroit.
At Mumford High School and Academy, only 10 percent of freshmen are ready to crack open William Shakespeare's "Romeo and Juliet" and get to work digesting text from the revered tragedy, educators say.
The remaining 90 percent are at reading levels that range from first grade to fifth.
"Our kids have figured out how to survive, but they are not competing with those who've had language and books read to them from birth," Mumford Academy assistant principal Kyra White said. "The gaps are real, and the gaps are large."
DPS Superintendent Nikolai Vitti (Photo: Max Ortiz / The Detroit News, file)
Officials with the Detroit Public Schools Community District say a closer look at literacy curriculum across the district this winter provided insight into classroom challenges with reading and writing and a path forward toward closing the literacy gaps.
Superintendent Nikolai Vitti said a recent audit of instructional materials used in English language arts in grades K-12 show the district's curriculum is far from aligned to Michigan's Common Core Standards. Those standards, adopted by the state in 2010, outline what students are expected to learn and be able to do at the end of each grade level. State assessments are based on those standards.
The audit — led by David Liben, the lead author of the Common Core Standards for Literacy — found teachers are still using instructional materials from 2007, which were written three years before the Common Core was adopted statewide. Wayne RESA, a regional educational service agency, funded the audit.
Auditors say in the report the district's curriculum is missing research-based methods to increase vocabulary and knowledge needed for students to be proficient readers. It's also lacking informational texts and nonfiction to increase vocabulary and knowledge building.
Sheeba Cheriyan helps ninth-grader A'Sharia, 14, work on her reading last month at Mumford Academy. (Photo: Photos by Clarence Tabb Jr. / The Detroit News)
"None of these programs offer help and materials so teachers can help support students who are behind or far behind," the audit stated. "So the materials themselves are not only failing these students but are also alienating them from literacy and school itself. This can contribute to an increasingly poor sense of self as a learner when experienced year after year."
Pam Good, Beyond Basics's president and executive director, said when high school students have a reading deficit, the goal is to get them to a seventh-grade reading level, which is considered proficient literacy. (Photo: Clarence Tabb Jr. / The Detroit News)
Vitti, who came aboard the district in May, said he was not surprised by the findings. He witnessed the unaligned curriculum in classrooms last fall.
"However, in Detroit, this exacerbates our literacy challenge and places our teachers and students at a deeper disadvantage," Vitti said. "The Common Core has emphasis on reading and analyzing text. We are not seeing that in our schools. It's a lot of recall. It needs to be critical thinking, justifying arguments and supporting arguments."
Vitti's solution, which he is expected to propose to the board as early as Tuesday, is to scrap all current curriculum for English language arts (reading and writing), obtain bids this spring for a new curriculum and start the 2018-19 school year with a curriculum aligned to the standards, starting with grades K-8.
"We are already attacking this problem by training all principals, assistant principals and teachers on the new standards at the K-8 level now. That work has already started, and the new curriculum will be selected in the spring to train teachers over the summer and begin implementation in the fall," Vitti said.
The board of education would ultimately have to approve any new curriculum.
Vitti said state emergency managers who ran the district from 2009 through 2016 never appropriately shifted curriculum and professional development to align with Common Core standards.
Asked how the district could be using a curriculum not aligned to the standards, state education officials said they give each local district autonomy to select a curriculum.
"Since state assessments are based on the state standards, it would be prudent for local districts to base their curricula on the state standards if they want their students to be prepared to perform well on the state assessments," state department of Education spokesman Martin Ackley said.
The district is under tremendous pressure to improve student achievement and academic growth in coming years. As a partnership school district, the state requires it to reach goals in academic growth or face state intervention at specific schools.
Makayla Link, 15, found herself in the Beyond Basics program at Mumford as a freshman last school year. (Photo: Clarence Tabb Jr. / The Detroit News)
Since the start of the new school year in September, the district has been using a new tool called iReady to assess students in K-3 in reading and math. The tool, designed for Common Core, allows educators to see growth and pinpoints students' needs down to a sub-skill level. It allows teachers to make adjustments during the year in both subjects.
Detroit schools started using the tool in the fall in response to Michigan's third-grade reading law, which allows districts to retain third-graders who fail the state test in reading. The district is under pressure to increase literacy by third grade, or face holding back thousands of students, starting in 2020.
Across its elementary schools, only 9.9 percent of the district's third-graders are proficient readers, according to recent M-STEP results. That's compared to 44.1 percent statewide.
Ivy Bailey, president of the Detroit Federation of Teachers, agrees with Vitti's assessment that curriculum is not aligned to state standards and drives the district's struggle with literacy.
Bailey, a former first-grade teacher, said teachers do not have the proper resources and support they need to know and teach the current standards. They also have had prep periods eliminated because of teachers shortages, leaving little time to devise rigorous lesson plans.
The district continues to have a teacher shortage. As of Feb. 6, it had 177 vacancies. Auditor said they were not blaming teachers for using a curriculum that didn't meet the standards.
"Teachers are following the curriculum they have," Bailey said.
Nell K. Duke, a professor in the School of Education at the University of Michigan, said schools have an obligation to provide a high-quality literacy education, but supporting literacy development cannot just fall to teachers.
"District central administration also has important responsibilities, such as to ensure that every teacher has access to the tools that they need to support literacy development, including lots of appropriate books — teaching children to read without books is like teaching children to swim without water — but also high-quality, standards- and research-aligned professional development and curriculum materials," Duke said.
Literacy is an issue that gained national attention in Detroit 2016 when a group of Detroit students sued the state, alleging they were denied the right to basic literacy.
The lawsuit alleged filthy conditions at Detroit schools, lack of books, classrooms without teachers, insufficient desks, buildings plagued by vermin, unsafe facilities and extreme temperatures. Some of the schools are currently operated by the district, others are charters and some have closed.
Students are asking the court to order the state to provide relief that includes "appropriate, evidence-based literacy" instruction at all grade levels and to address physical school conditions that impair access to literacy.
Lead attorney Mark Rosenbaum is awaiting a judge's decision in the case. Rosenbaum said he knows Vitti is working to make changes in the district, but more than a decade of state control and neglect have damaged the ability of schoolchildren to learn and thrive.
Addressing literacy challenges at Detroit's schools one child and one school at a time played out inside Mumford High School and Academy on a recent January morning.
A select group of students gathered in two classrooms, each sat next to a tutor from Beyond Basics, a nonprofit that provides the district with literacy-based programming at nine schools across the district.
It includes six-week one-on-one tutoring and group sessions, paid for with a combination of federal funds and private donations.
Pam Good, the company's president and executive director, said when high school students have a reading deficit, the goal is to get them to a seventh-grade reading level, which is considered proficient literacy.
Makayla Link, 15, found herself in the Beyond Basics program at Mumford as a freshman last school year. She started at a fifth-grade reading level and is now closer to ninth grade.
"I started using the tools they taught me — in my tests and finals — and I went to a 3.5 GPA. It helped me. It showed me where I can go in my future," said Link, 15. "I am doing way better than when I started."
Good estimates about 90 percent of the district's student population need tutoring to address literacy issues. Of those, about 40 percent are two or more reading levels behind.
"It's life changing to take a high school child reading at a second-grade level and get them reading where they should be," Good said.
jchambers@detroitnews.com
Read or Share this story: http://detne.ws/2HaJQPl
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Discussion in 'Safeway' started by iwik, Feb 5, 2019.
You (also referred to as "Participant") will also receive a game ticket for each purchase of a bonus game ticket product (specific sizes and flavors will apply).
Purchases made online will not qualify for game tickets or bonus game tickets, except for purchases made online for pick up by Customers at Market Stores that offer Drive Up and Go.
One billion six hundred ten million (1,610,000,000) Tokens are included in the Online game. When received, the Participant may redeem the Token(s) for either a Reward or an entry into the Token Sweepstakes.
Upload your receipt within 14 days.
I just noticed that SavingStar does not have Safeway listed under receipt scan stores anymore, it's listed under Automatic-Savings stores like Rite Aid, we have to re-register our card and then will get automatic credit!
If you have had the same card/phone number a long time the card number may have actually changed when Albertsons bought Safeway, so check with them if your card number is not working for SavingStar.
Every day is baby day! BUY $40 in baby products* SAVE $5 instantly, every day! * Must be on a single transaction.
Kids! Show this card every time you shop for (1) free banana.
Has a bar code on the back, and a place to write their name on the front.
Kid must be accompanied by a parent/guardian, not good on Organic bananas, only good at participating Safeway locations.
10% off your grocery purchase when you get a flu shot or ANY vaccination, some restrictions apply.
There is a bar code (ends in 99999 6) at the top of one of the ad pages you can scan with the app to load all the ad coupons for the week. Tap the barcode icon at the top of the app to scan it.
Celebrate Valentines with the FTD Perfect Gift Bouquet available in stores.
Gift card is available in our floral department with purchase of an FTD floral bouquet.
blinkie - smallish coupons dispensed one at a time from a black box with a blinking light, generally attached to a shelf near the product.
International Delight®, on any (2) TWO International Delight® creamers 32oz or 48oz, any variety.
Red Baron Pizza, 14.76 to 32.4-oz. Limit 1.
Dole Fruit Bowl, 4 pack, 4-oz. Limit 1.
Kellogg's® Special K®, on ONE Kellogg's® Special K® Protein Honey Almond Ancient Grains Cereal (11 oz. or Larger, Any Flavor).
Ken's Steak House Dressing, 16-oz. Limit 1.
Prego Pasta Sauce, 14.5 to 24-oz. Limit 1.
Cat did work, so $4 for 4 after 2 $1/2 inserts, 50c/1 store e-Q and $1.50 Cat.
It also printed a $1.25/3 Cat Q on the Dole fruit bowls in slightly sweetened coconut water.
$1/1 inserts 1/20/19 SS x 2/28/19 for the Sweet Baby Ray's BBQ 28oz and wing sauce that are $1.99 in the ad.
Diet Coke, 12-oz. Blueberry Acai or Strawberry Guava. Limit 1.
all Laundry Detergent, 46.5 to 50-oz. liquid or 21 to 22-ct. mighty pacs.* Limit 4 offers.
New month-long Personal Prices for March today.
HU - my weekly Personal Prices I added Wednesday were not showing as added today.
There's currently a $1.30 Ibotta up to 4X and some varieties are marked down.
New Ibotta rebates today on Post cereals.
Sunday is the last day for the current monthly ad (Big Book of Savings).


text:
Maria Holfeier, z d. Tyszyk (ur. 2 czerwca 1924 we Lwowie, zm. 27 września 2008 w Hamburgu) – polska ekonomistka i działaczka opozycji demokratycznej w PRL.

Życiorys
Służyła w wojsku polskim formowanym w ZSRR pod kierownictwem komunistów. W 1945 roku podjęła pracę w biurze personalnym Sztabu Generalnym ludowego WP. Jednocześnie współpracowała z Delegaturą Sił Zbrojnych na Kraj. Jej ówczesny narzeczony, Henryk Holfeier był wówczas kurierem Delegatury i w tej roli spotkał się w 1945 ze sztabem generała Andersa w Anconie. W latach 1946–1947 należała do Polskiego Stronnictwa Ludowego. W 1947 została oskarżona o szpiegostwo i "przygotowywanie zamachu stanu", a następnie skazana na karę 8 lat pozbawienia wolności. Od 22 grudnia 1947 do czerwca 1955 była więziona w więzieniu mokotowskim oraz zakładzie karnym w Bydgoszczy-Fordonie. Została zwolniona przedterminowo z uwagi na stan zdrowia.

W 1958 ukończyła Studium Ekonomii Przemysłu w Katowicach. Należała do NSZZ "Solidarność" i Konfederacji Polski Niepodległej. W latach 1982-1989 była jedną z organizatorek spotkań opłatkowych w Krakowie-Prokocimiu, angażowała się w pomoc więźniom politycznym, m.in. uczestniczyła jak obserwator w procesach sądowych i przed kolegiami ds. wykroczeń. Współpracowała w tej działalności z ks. Franciszkiem Kołaczem z parafii św. Józefa w Krakowie-Podgórzu. Razem ze swoim mężem, Henrykiem Holfeierem należała do założycieli powstałego w listopadzie 1984 Apostolstwa Świeckich im. ks. Jerzego Popiełuszki przy parafii Matki Bożej Dobrej Rady w Krakowie-Prokocimu, była jedną z organizatorek comiesięcznych mszy za Ojczyznę (19 dnia każdego miesiąca, aż do 1989). W 1985 roku wspierała strajk głodowy w Bieżanowie, w którym uczestniczył m.in. Henryk Holfeier.

W wyborach parlamentarnych w 1989 była kandydatką Konfederacji Polski Niepodległej w wyborach do Senatu. W województwie krakowskim zdobyła 5845 głosów (1,15 % głosów ważnych).

Była członkiem Zarządu Głównego Związku Więźniów Politycznych Okresu Stalinowskiego.

Została pochowana na Cmentarzu Batowickim (C-XXXI-7-5).

Przypisy

Absolwenci katowickich szkół i uczelni
Członkowie Niezależnego Samorządnego Związku Zawodowego "Solidarność"
Ludzie urodzeni we Lwowie
Pochowani na cmentarzu Prądnik Czerwony w Krakowie
Politycy Konfederacji Polski Niepodległej
Politycy Polskiego Stronnictwa Ludowego (1945–1949)
Polscy działacze katoliccy
Więźniowie polityczni w Polsce Ludowej 1944–1956
Więźniowie więzienia mokotowskiego (Polska Ludowa)
Więźniowie więzienia w Fordonie (Polska Ludowa)
Urodzeni w 1924
Zmarli w 2008

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


How long have you been with the MBA program and what is your background?
I grew up in Brazil and moved to the United States in high school. I earned my bachelor's degree in management from Missouri State University. I then used my MBA experience at McCombs to transition from an internal audit career in the telecommunications industry to a marketing role in the technology industry with Dell. During my time as an MBA student, I was very involved in our McCombs Ambassador Committee. This passion for MBA admissions eventually led me back to McCombs and to my current Director role – my dream job!
What has been your most rewarding experience so far with the MBA Admissions Team?
The graduation ceremony in the spring of every year is very special and rewarding to me. I love seeing our excited students walking across the graduation stage and enjoy meeting their families and friends that supported them in this great endeavor.
In your opinion, what are some of the strongest attributes of a Texas McCombs MBA class?
Hands down the diversity of our class! We bring together students from all corners of the world with unique personal stories and varied professional backgrounds. Add in our award-winning faculty members and this is the perfect recipe for lively class discussions and an amazing learning environment.
I have been leading the recruiting and admissions for the Full-Time MBA at Texas McCombs since January of 2014. I am also an alum of the program and volunteered with the McCombs Ambassador Committee as a student. Prior to enrolling at McCombs, I worked in the hedge fund industry and taught fourth grade through Teach For America. After I graduated from the MBA, I worked in management consulting until returning to McCombs.
Interacting with such high caliber, driven individuals from all over the world who are interested in McCombs has been incredibly rewarding! I love hearing each applicant's reasons pertaining to why they are passionate about attending McCombs.
Our accessible faculty along with the hands-on opportunities that McCombs offers truly sets our program apart. Whether being selected for one our Fellows programs or doing an MBA+ project, our students have ample ways to apply what they learn in the classroom to current issues facing companies. I also feel that our Career Management team is the best in the business. This is evident in our placement rates, but you have to see how students transform over the two years and much of this can be attributed to our stellar team. Lastly, no other top MBA program is located in Austin– the best city in the country!
I'm a higher ed lifer! I became a part of the Texas MBA team in 2015. Prior to my current role, I worked for an Austin-based marketing firm focused on college and university admissions. We helped clients with social media, branding, search campaigns, publication design, etc. I also spent 8 years in admissions and marketing at a private college in Charlotte, North Carolina, where I managed our events and recruited transfer and international students. While in Charlotte, I attained my MA degree in Higher Education. I'm originally from a small town in Western Pennsylvania so I've been slowly making my way down to the warm weather!
I manage and supervise the "MAC," or McCombs Ambassador Committee. They're our (super amazing) students who answer your emails & phone calls, grab coffee with you, host you at our on-campus events, and help Admissions recruit a strong and diverse incoming class. It's been very rewarding to work with such a collaborative & intelligent group of individuals who are passionate about giving back and talking about their love for Texas McCombs with future students.
The student culture! Our Texas MBAs are so supportive of each other. They want everyone to succeed and push their classmates to be their best selves. Students even go so far as to help each other prep for the same interview! The culture of the program also reflects our great location– the city of Austin. MBA students are friendly, laid back, and take advantage of all that Austin has to offer.
I'm the newest addition to the Texas McCombs MBA recruiting and admissions team. I started work right after SXSW, also known as Spring Break, so it's been nearly 4 months. I was born and raised in Fresno, CA and graduated from The University of Michigan with a degree in political science. Prior to joining Texas McCombs, I worked at University of Michigan and most recently within the Office of the Dean of Students at The University of Texas at Austin where I focused on leadership development, intercultural education, wellness and safety, as well as, student success initiatives. My interest in positive leadership, change, and effective teams within organizations led me to pursue a Master of Science in Leadership and Change at St. Edwards University. I'm looking forward to meeting everyone on the road and on-campus.
My most rewarding experience was preparing and welcoming 39 Texas McCombs MBA Consortium students to the annual Consortium Orientation Program and Career Forum. With assistance from Career Management, Employer Relations, Admissions, and the 2nd year MBA Consortium liaisons, we designed a dynamic training to jump start their Texas McCombs MBA journey with mock interviews, alumni speakers, coaching, experiential learning activities, and community building. To top it off, we even created a Spotify playlist from the last song everyone listened to. It was full of memorable experiences and takeaways, including you're always on, prioritize your time, recharge, and chanting Texas Fight.
One aspect of the MBA student experience is the ability to become a more dynamic, positive business leader. There isn't one course or one student organization that propels Longhorn leaders to change the world; it's a community-based, every-day-experience to practice these necessary business leadership skills. From involvement in one of our 40+ student organizations to course experiences focused on Happiness (taught by Dr. Raghunathan), Managing a Diverse Workforce (taught by Dr. Moore), or Leading People (taught by Dr. Harrison), students are able to immediately use what they learn in group work, MBA+ leadership projects, Fellow program, and case competitions. The leadership focus is even working its way into our curriculum with the addition of a Leading for Impact capstone project.
If you have questions or would like to connect with a student or staff member of our Admissions Committee, please reach out to us. We can't wait to meet you. Hook 'Em!


Sporting a vented hood, redesigned bumpers, finned side sills and a taller rear spoiler, the 458 Speciale was designed to give itself an edge on the tarmac. This 1:43 scale replica of the car (18-36901) is beautifully detailed inside and out, with every curve and sweep on the body painstakingly recreated to make this one of the most highly detailed miniatures in Bburago's collection. This particular model of the 458 Speciale is part of the Ferrari Signature Series and comes in a unique collector's box.


text:
Nick Buonarota
Level Designer and Game Developer – nickbuonarota@gmail.com
Educational Work
Mac – Super Smash Brothers Brawl
MAC is a simple map for the Super Smash Brothers Brawl. Noticing my portfolio was mostly FPS maps, I wanted to showcase my ability to make great maps for other games and genres. In this solo side project, my main role was level designer. Thanks to the simple level editor in the game, I didn't have to do any support work. I'm very proud of the pure level design essence of this map. Please read my design breakdown below to share in my excitement!
Design Breakdown
Area 1 is designed for medium and long ranged characters to use their ranged attacks. It also supports a large area space for multiple characters brawling there at once. Designers can view area 1 as the core brawling area, and the first section of the map's essence.
Area 2 is designed for the melee ranged characters to get up close and personal. This area is designed for two characters to duke it out in isolation. Although, it can support a third character trying to clean up and get a double kill.
Area 3 is a "blind" designed to break up line of sight between areas 1 and 2, so that the main lower area doesn't become a "final destination" landscape dominated by long range characters, such as samus and her rockets. It also acts as a warning area. For example, if a player is in area 2, and sees an enemy in area 1, that enemy is of no threat. Although, when that enemy transitions from area 1 into area 3, the player in area 2 now realizes there is a potential threat to deal with very soon, but not right now because the two players are still at different height variations. Area 3 also allows transition to area 4b via a double jump.
Area 4 is designed to be a secondary brawling area. As such it changes up the standard "flat brawling area" formula up by having two area 2 sized platforms at the same height level. Individually 4a and 4b have all the components of area 2, a small up close brawling area. But together, with no area 3(a positive space line of sight break up) ranged characters can still shoot from "a" to "b". Area 4a also provides a jump down to counter campers on the edge of the map of area 1.
Area 5 is designed as the "area 3" between 4a and 4b, except here it is a subtractive space "blind" instead of a additive space "blind" like in area 3. When a melee ranged character in 4a charges a ranged character in 4b, the melee character enters area 5. By doing this they are out of line of sight of ranged attacks until entering area 4b, now within melee range. Area 5 also has a half block, where you can drop to area 1.
Gameplay Video: 60 second match with sudden death
Gameplay Video Example Character Types:
Mario: All-around
Donkey Kong: Melee
Link: Medium Ranged
Samus: Long Ranged
Map Description:
Main larger lower area for brawling. (Areas 1, 2, and 3)
Secondary uper area for brawling. (Areas 4a, 4b, and 5)
Each area is either designed for players to assume the rolls of their character selection type (offensive area) or to counter other player's rolls (defensive area).
Map Facts:
Game: Super Smash Brothers Brawl
Genre: Fighting
Map Type: Multiplayer
Recommended Number of Players: 2 – 4 players


大学体验英语听说教程第四册 Unit 2 Open to everything!
大学体验英语听说教程第四册 Unit 9 To move is the great affair!
大学体验英语听说教程第四册 Unit 15 Catch a cold if I kiss her?
大学体验英语听说教程第四册 Unit 17 Blasted McDonalds!
大学体验英语听说教程第四册 Unit 18 What's going on?


A look of astonishment appeared on a participant's face at a workshop when I said, "But there is no exercise at the end of the chapters in these textbooks!" "No! How is it possible? I myself saw the same," he replied and started going through the NCERT textbook on Environmental Studies (EVS) that he held in his hands. He was serious and flipped through the entire book. Meanwhile, other participants also started going through all the NCERT textbooks which they managed to lay their hands on.
All of a sudden, the vibrant atmosphere in the hall changed. During this time, the only question in my mind was, how can one interpret this event? Why can we not imagine a textbook without any exercises at the end of the chapters? Why is it that an archaic image of textbooks still prevails in our collective perception?
It has been about two years since I perceived this among the teachers and education workers in that workshop. These questions stayed with me as I tried to understand that incident. As part of this reflection, I had interesting conversations with several of my acquaintances.
To my surprise, many of them confidently expressed their ideas about the exercises which did not exist! However, these informal discussions left me with some serious questions: Have we examined the textbooks produced by NCERT seriously? Have we ever tried to find out how these textbooks are different? Why did the curriculum developers devise this strategy? Why did they change the structure of the chapters by having in-built questions and exercises rather than putting them at the end of the chapters together? I don't know where we have reached so far in assessing and understanding NCERT textbooks; my experiences, however, recently led me to believe that we need to examine these textbooks more rigorously in light of the questions mentioned above.
My belief was further strengthened when I got an opportunity to read the newly developed textbooks of primary classes in the government schools of Uttarakhand and Chhattisgarh. All these textbooks have been published between 2011 and 2013. The opening pages of the textbooks of these two States mention categorically that insights from NCF-05 as well as NCERT's new textbooks have been the guiding principles for the development of the present textbooks. But this claim turns out to be mere rhetoric as one reads and analyzes these books further. I found that textbooks of both Uttarakhand and Chhattisgarh had followed the tradition of putting the exercises at the end of the chapters deviating from a fundamental shift taken by the same NCERT textbooks which were the source of insights and ideals. I doubt whether the textbook developers understood the relevance as well as the theoretical justification of this shift taken by the NCERT. I believe that we must ponder upon this issue.
Is putting the exercises at the end of chapters problematic?
It is important to understand that the placement of questions or exercises in the entire structure of a chapter plays a crucial role. The place determines the functions of the same. For example, if you start reading a chapter in some textbook and find a question at the very beginning, we can easily say that the question functions as a tool to open up some issue, to problematize and to invoke some initial thoughts in your mind which will help the author to lead you towards deeper terrain of the issues which are to be discussed in detail later.
Similarly, if some exercises are put at the end of the chapter, then that too has a particular function and intention. What is that function or intention? Usually, the exercises at the end of the chapters are meant for evaluation – whether students have learned the things described in the chapter? Evaluation is not a bad thing. Every teacher has to assess her student's learning. However, it becomes problematic when exercises or questions get their place in chapters only at the end. It is dangerous to have a fixed structure for chapters in a textbook – the title followed by the running text structured under some headings and then, at the end, some exercises.
In the past, this particular location of the exercises signified a sort of behaviourist approach towards knowledge acquisition. If a student reproduced the content presented in the chapter by answering these questions or exercises, it can be confirmed that he or she had acquired the knowledge. Whether this content was rote-learned or acquired through a proper understanding is lost somewhere.
And the same legacy of evaluation has been carried on even after Independence. The exercises at the end of each chapter in textbooks are nothing but an outcome of the same legacy determining and dictating the content which is supposed to be memorized and regurgitated.
How do the new NCERT textbooks dismantle this colonial legacy?
The National Focus Group sees the role of textbooks from the colonial period as problematic since the textbooks emerged as an authority sidetracking the teachers, curriculum and syllabus. The NCERT textbook developers (after NCF-2005 most probably during the period between 2007 and 2009) were aware of this legacy. And they have deliberately developed many strategies to dismantle this legacy so that the textbooks can help schools and teachers to instill curiosity in their learners so that they do not become mere rote-learners. So what are the strategies?
I believe that one of the radical moves is to change the erroneous structure of chapters and placement of exercises and questions. The exercises are now in-built forming an integral part of the entire chapter. These exercises seek the collective or individual participation of students as well as facilitate them in their journey of knowledge construction.
It would be of great help if we look at the transaction of a chapter in a classroom. It emerges as an event, an event of multiple happenings. What happens when a teacher and students of a particular class work with a chapter of NCERT's new textbooks? Not only do they read it together but they also engage in various activities together. They actually engage with the text – read it and deconstruct it. Engage with pictures, sketches, designs and more importantly in-built questions. Here, in all these activities, they are actually engaging with a whole process of knowledge construction, an important aim of education.
Before I close, I would like to mention one more point here. It is important to observe that you will never find a particular vocabulary in NCERT's textbooks which resonates a behaviourist approach of learning. For example, I could not find any such exercises or tasks which are being called as "abhyaas" (practice), "Yaad Karo" (Memorize it), drill, etc. Such language is important here since "practice", "drill", "memorize", etc., convey a particular understanding of human learning wherein it is believed that repeating a task, drilling and memorizing are the means of learning.
On the contrary, you will find words and sentences framed thus viz. "Find Out", "Was that not fun?", "What we have learnt?", "Try this", "Think", etc. This motivates students into a process of learning so that they can develop into self-learners.
This essay has tried to shed some light on NCERT's strategies by focusing on the place of exercises in the chapters and its relevance in the hope that such deliberation will help in appreciating the efforts of NCERT's textbooks to imbibe the insights and suggestions observed in NCF-2005.
The author works with the Azim Premji Foundation, Jaipur. He can be reached at kuldeep.garg@azimpremjifoundation.org.


text:
OVC » Honouring Emmanuelle Gattuso
Honouring Emmanuelle Gattuso
Mon, 2018/07/09 - 11:29am
Inspirational philanthropist receives an Honorary Doctorate at the University of Guelph
Whether it's supporting a cause that is close to her heart in the arts, culture or health, Emmanuelle Gattuso's philanthropy is a catalyst for progress and innovation to improve the lives of people and animals.
It is the love and admiration Gattuso has for animals and her own pets that inspired her $2.5-million gift to OVC Pet Trust's Friends Together for Longer Campaign at the Ontario Veterinary. The gift, made through her philanthropic foundation, La Fondation Emmanuelle Gattuso, will support the construction of the James Slaight Advanced Surgical Complex, a part of new surgery and anesthesia facilities within the OVC Health Sciences Centre located at the University of Guelph. The new surgical complex will be named in memory of Gattuso and her husband Allan Slaight's pet poodle James, who passed away in 2013 at the age of 12. The complex will include eight operating suites equipped to offer numerous routine and advanced surgical procedures. The new facilities are scheduled to open in early 2019.
Gattuso was recognized for her philanthropy with an Honorary Doctorate at the University of Guelph's June 2018 Convocation and she was asked to address the graduating class.
She shared with them that philanthropy is about more than money: "Giving has a monetary connotation but the most important element of giving is time. Time is the most precious thing we have. We can't buy it, we can't trade it, we can't accumulate it – but we can give it".
As a cancer survivor herself, Gattuso was inspired to create the Gattuso Rapid Diagnostic Centre at the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre in Toronto, which reduced the terrible stress of waiting for a cancer diagnosis from an average wait time of 5.3 weeks to just one day. The model has since been copied in other hospitals around the world in many different types of cancer, allowing thousands of patients to receive quicker diagnoses, spend less time worrying and potentially starting treatment sooner.
Gattuso tours construction of the new surgery and anesthesia facilities within the OVC Health Sciences Centre located at the University of Guelph.
Gattuso compared graduation to being at the bottom of Mount Everest and that it will be up to each graduate to decide what they're going to do, why they're going to do it, how and with whom. "You might decide to stay right there at the well-deserved base camp, or you might ask yourselves if you should climb, how high you should aim – why you'll climb that mountain, and just as important, how it will help others."
"I would venture to say that this is the time for you to reset your clock and appreciate the importance of each minute of your lives. It's the time to reset your heart and your generosity. It's the time to follow your instinct, to listen to your heart and to decide how you are going to make this world a better place," she delivered in her convocation speech.
OVC Dean Dr. Jeffrey Wichtel highlights how fortunate OVC Pet Trust and the Ontario Veterinary College are to be the recipients of Gattuso's generosity.
"The kind of philanthropy, vision and passion Emmanuelle exemplifies has supported the creation of world-class veterinary facilities, which will help OVC lead the way in making new discoveries and remain at the forefront of advanced medical care in Canada and around the world," Wichtel says.
Gattuso feels privileged she can help pets, who give back so much to their people.
"Give something to someone every day and you will make this world a better place for everyone," she concluded her convocation address.


text:
Q: Passphrase during boot Jus installed ubuntu on my Asus laptop, with 256 sad HD.
It demands a passphrase with the following message:
Please unlock disk sda3_crypt

My research discovered that my whole HD is encrypted, it's called LUKS or something. I know how to enable it, but how do I disable?
I just installed the OS, so reinstalling is an option
Thanks in advance, Gal.

A: Reinstalling is probably the easiest way to get a system that is not encrypted.
You select it at the installer's partitioning page, 'Installation type'. Select the option you want

*

*either an 'automatic' alternative

*or the manual partitioning, 'Something else'

You should avoid the alternative LVM with encryption, 'Encrypt the new Ubuntu installation for security'.

A: Turned out I'm not the best at reading. Just unmarked a checkbox. My bad...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
The talk tent
The cookery tent
Before the festival
At the festival
Plastics policy
Campsite rules
Feel Good Weekends 2021
The Big e-treat
Art and Craft Workshops
Festival update Click here
Toni Jones - Shelf Help Club
Toni Jones will be bringing her fantastic Shelf Help Club to The Big Retreat Wales and we just can't wait to meet her and all her guests....
To learn more about joining Toni's Book Club head to www.shelfhelp.club
Toni Jones
"I spent most of my 20s and 30s working and playing hard as Fashion and Women's editors on some of the world's most notorious news titles. Until one day I realised that 'working hard' wasn't working for me anymore, and 'playing hard' wasn't actually all that much fun. Maybe it never had been?
"I thought I loved living with constant pressure and deadlines and jetlag and hangovers, but had I actually just designed a life that made it easy to bury or numb anything I might have (should have) felt given a bit of space?
"My childhood story isn't that much different to lots of others; a drunk, disinterested dad, a very busy single mum, a couple of house moves, a huge, complicated family with younger brothers and sisters to protect. But with no one to tell me that it was ok to feel sad or confused or angry, or tell me that I was interesting or important, and no tools to help me process any of the feelings of guilt or shame that come with all of the above I did what most girls with unresolved 'daddy issues' and zero self-belief do: ignored it, worked too hard and went to the pub. For about, oh, 25 years.
"And so I found self-help at the same time as many thousands before me, at crisis point. On the outside life was good, there was no obvious trauma or drama to cope with, I was a busy and successful woman with everything going for me.
"But inside I was shattered, and lonely, and sometimes really sad, and these feelings were manifesting themselves in careless and increasingly self-destructive behaviour that with hindsight I can see was a big fat cliched cry for help.
"I didn't know why I felt like this. That's still a 'work in progress'. But I did know that I was tired of the relentless wheel of 'work hard and play harder' that I had created for myself and I needed to get off.
"Leaving my full-time job as an editor was the first step in my 'journey' towards self-awareness and self-love, and it was bloody hard because I had spent over ten years grafting to create a media career in these tough news publications.
"My job as a journalist defined me, working for big-name publications validated me, and it definitely kept me way too busy to think about anything that really mattered. Like why I needed external validation anyway.
"And you don't have to be Freud to work out that's probably why I chose this career path in the first place. Being too busy to think can seem like an excellent strategy when, left to your own devices, what you think is mostly that you are not important or interesting or ever quite 'enough'.
"Awareness is the greatest agent for change."
— ECKHART TOLLE
"Abandoning the comfort of a punishing but familiar full-time job to go solo was terrifying. Who was I, with no title, no company, no team, no boss and no pay check to endorse me? Ultimately I knew that I was doing the right thing giving myself time to pause, but rather than enjoying this QT out of the rat race I felt even more lost than before.
"Trying to make friends with myself after decades of neglect was tough, and I soon started to struggle with lots of new and unfamiliar feelings, thinking that it would be much easier to abandon project TJ, rebury everything, ignore any glimmers of insight and go back to the Company/the pub/being too busy to care.
"And then along came Paul McKenna. An unlikely guru? Possibly. But when the pupil is ready the teacher appears and I was obviously ready for something (anything!) when his book 'Change Your Life in Seven Days' fell (jumped?) on the floor in front of me in the local Oxfam.
"Self-help isn't an instant fix, and it took me over a year to read that book about changing your life in seven days (ha!), because the concepts in it - that we are not our thoughts, that we can let go of limiting beliefs, that we can learn self-confidence, that we create our own reality - were so new to me. I'm still working on a couple of them several years later. Before then I'd never spent any time really looking at my behaviour, or focusing on my thoughts or emotions. I didn't think I really had many emotions (lol - I've since discovered I was very wrong about that).
"The first question posed in the book is actually really simple: 'What would it be like if you woke up one morning and a miracle had happened - your life had become exactly what you wanted it to be?'
"But I didn't know the answer. What was my dream life? What did the best future version of me look like? How was I planning to get there? No clue! And not knowing the answer led to me to start questioning everything, about myself, my life, my childhood, my choices, and all the experiences that had shaped me into this person who didn't even know what made her happy anymore.
"That first journey into self-analysis was uncomfortable, fascinating, painful and enlightening all at the same time. And when I (finally!) finished that Paul McKenna book the self-help seed had been well and truly planted.
"Since then I have become a card-carrying member of the self-development tribe, devouring everything from soothing Louise Hay affirmations to mind-blowing Quantum Theory tomes in my quest for a bit more peace and self-awareness.
"Self-help has (and does) make me laugh, cry, cringe and often ask WTF?! Yes there is a some pseudo-science and properly naff stuff out there, but there's also so much incredible inspiration, motivation and insight too.
"Some of the books I have read in the last few years have fundamentally changed me forever. And once I plucked up the courage to talk to my friends about my experiences I learned that some of them were having similar struggles, realisations and breakthroughs, and it was brilliant to be able to finally share fears and feelings, as well as 'out-there' book recommendations with people who got it and - even better - got me.
"No problem can be solved from the same level of consciousness that created it."
"I still work too hard, sometimes. And I still play too hard, sometimes. And in between I am working on cultivating some inner peace and quiet and rescuing myself from myself, with the help of some magical books and magical people (shout out to my life-saving therapist, my amazing and kind husband, and my brilliant crew of friends).
"And that is the aim of Shelf Help, to be a platform to bring together magical books and magical people (because we're all a bit magic) based on principles of kindness, confidentiality and no judgement, to take the stigma out of self-help, and to create a brilliant, empowering community that can really make a difference to its' members lives.
"I still have some messy parts to my life. And no doubt always will. But I think that is what is helping make Shelf Help so authentic, empowering and hopefully successful: I'm not perfect and I don't expect anyone else to be either. I'm working on myself at the same time everyone reading the books or commenting on the Instagram page is, so we're building this brilliant support network together.
"Thanks for being here."
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John Tunney SINGER | SONGWRITER | HERITAGE LECTURER/RESEARCHER
Song Texts
Ceol, The Smithfield Irish Traditional Music Centre
Paddy and John Tunney
John has just completed work on editing the final volume of his father's trilogy of books on collecting and disseminating of traditional song. Paddy Tunney's earlier volumes, The Stone Fiddle and Sing Another Story, are recognised as being classics of the genre, and Sing Another Story is packed full of similar folklore, characters, stories, and rare songs from the Irish tradition. This text, which was completed in draft form before Paddy's death in 2002, has remained in his private papers since then. It is planned to have it published for the centenary of his birth in 2021. Other song projects that John has been involved in include:
'Songs for our Children': Exploration of the writing of new traditional songs for children, sponsored by the Arts Council and Galway City of Culture (2020).
'1916 Song Project': Exploration of the theme of 1916 through newly composed work, sponsored by the National Library of Ireland, and Galway, Wexford, Meath, Fingal, and DLR County Councils (2016).
'The Bird Song Project': 33 singers in five venues across Ireland performing 'bird-themed' traditional songs, sponsored by the Bealtaine Festival (2015).
'Man, Woman and Child': Exploration of the Francis Child Ballad Collection, sponsored by the National Library of Ireland and the Irish Traditional Music Archive (2013).
'As I Roved Out' Project: Exploration of the theme of emigration through newly composed work, sponsored by the National Library of Ireland and The Arts Council (2012).
Around the Hand: New Compositions within the Tradition, CD and performance as artist in residence, Kilmaley Percent for Art Scheme (2008-2009).
Practice-based Professional Heritage Experience
John has wide experience in the field of applied heritage, having worked in museum design and as Head of Interpretative Planning between 1996 and 2000 for Event Ireland, the Irish subsidiary of Event Communications, the largest specialist museum design company in Western Europe. During that time, he won a Glen-Dimplex Irish Design 'Oscar' for Ceol: the Irish Music Centre, Smithfield, Dublin (best permanent exhibition 1999). A selection of projects that he worked on while employed by Event includes:
Ego Patricius: St. Patrick Visitor Centre, Downpatrick, Co. Down, 2000.
The Jersey Tunnels and Museum of Occupation: Jersey, 2000.
The Arigna Mining Experience, Dereenavoggy, Co. Leitrim, 1999.
Ceol, The Smithfield Irish Traditional Music Centre, Dublin. 1998.
The CBL Galleries at the Chester Beatty Library, 1998 [European Museum of the Year]
King John's Castle Interpretative Centre, Limerick, 1998.
St. Patrick, Cathedral, Dublin, 1998.
The Irish Diaspora, Manchester, UK, 1998.
North Kerry Literary Museum, Listowel, Co. Kerry, 1997.
Waterford Treasures: Museum, Waterford, 1997.
The National 1798 Visitor Centre, Enniscorthy, Co. Wexford, 1997.
South Leitrim Archaeology Centre, Fenagh, Co. Leitrim, 1996.
Hook Head Light House, Hook Head, Wexford, 1996.
Ulster Plantation Centre, Draperstown, Co. Derry, 1996.
Maison de Charmier, Lyon, France, 1996.
The RTÉ Museum of Irish Radio, Sunday's Well, Cork, 1996.
From Farm and Factory, Industrial Gallery, Louth County Museum, Dundalk, 1995.
John also has experience as an independent Heritage Consultant, having been engaged as an advisor and content specialist on a number of projects including:
St. Isidore's Franciscan Irish College, (400th anniversary), Rome: Interpretative planner and consultant on video documentary for the Irish Province of the Franciscans Minor, 2008.
Caherconnell Interpretative Centre, Carron, Co. Clare: Research and storyline 2002.
Carrick-on-Shannon Workhouse: Research, storyline and interpretative theming, 1995.
Dunfanaghy Famine Museum: Research, storyline and interpretative theming, 1992.
Ramelton Heritage Town: Plantation Settlement and Georgian Port: Research, storyline and interpretative theming, 1990.
Colmcille Heritage Centre, Gartan, Letterkenny: Research, storyline and interpretative theming, 1988.
johnjtunney@gmail.com
© 2020 John Tunney


text:
ItemBB-FR-3 - Report of taking possession of the Crozet Islands in the name of the King of France
ItemBB-FR-30 - French memorandum notifying the United Kingdom of its intention to assign 136°E and 142°E longitude as the limits to Adélie Land and concerning rights of overflight
ItemBB-FR-31 - Decree defining the limits of Adélie Land
ItemBB-FR-32 - British despatch to New Zealand concerning the French proposal for reciprocal rights of overflight in the Antarctic
ItemBB-FR-33 - Exchange of notes between His Majesty's Governments in the United Kingdom, the Commonwealth of Australia and New Zealand, and the French Government regarding aerial navigation in the Antarctic, Paris
ItemBB-FR-34 - Decree of concerning a national park for the protection of certain species of birds and mammals and repealing the decree of 30 December 1924
ItemBB-FR-35 - Letter from France to the United States of setting out t he bases of the French claim to Adélie Land
ItemBB-FR-36 - United States' note replying to the letter from France setting out the bases of the French claim to Adélie Land
ItemBB-FR-37 - French aide-mémoire to the United States outlining the bases of the French claim to Adélie Land
Item BB-FR-33 - Exchange of notes between His Majesty's Governments in the United Kingdom, the Commonwealth of Australia and New Zealand, and the French Government regarding aerial navigation in the Antarctic, Paris
Exchange of notes between His Majesty's Governments in the United Kingdom, the Commonwealth of Australia and New Zealand, and the French Government regarding aerial navigation in the Antarctic, Paris
AU AU ATADD 1-BB-FR-33
Diplomatic communication relevant to France, Terre Adélie, Adélie Land, Australian Antarctic Territory, Ross Dependency, air navigation. Provides document or extract, with source information and Bill Bush notes. [Published by Bush as FR29041938]
10/FR


← Many saw this coming, unfortunately, the law makers did not.
A successful challenge of Obama's wins in Pennsylvania and Ohio would not have overturned his victory but would have tarnished the subsequent celebratory atmosphere.
John McCain's 2008 campaign staff allegedly had evidence that Democrats stuffed ballot boxes in Pennsylvania and Ohio on election night, but McCain chose not to pursue voter fraud, according to internal Stratfor emails published by WikiLeaks.
1) The black Dems were caught stuffing the ballot boxes in Philly and Ohio as reported the night of the election and Sen. McCain chose not to fight. The matter is not dead inside the party. It now becomes a matter of sequence now as to how and when to "out".
After discussions with his inner circle, which explains the delay in his speech, McCain decided not to pursue the voter fraud in PA and Ohio, despite his staff's desire to make it an issue. He said no. Staff felt they could get a federal injunction to stop the process. McCain felt the crowds assembled in support of Obama and such would be detrimental to our country and it would do our nation no good for this to drag out like last go around, coupled with the possibility of domestic violence.
2) It appears the Dems "made a donation" to Rev. Jesse (no, they would never do that!) to keep his yap shut after his diatribe about the Jews and Israel. A little bird told me it was a "nice six-figure donation". This also becomes a matter of how and when to out.
The email also refers to an accusation that Obama's campaign took money from Russia, recalling memories of Bill Clinton's 1996 presidential campaign when the Justice Department uncovered evidence that China sought to make direct contributions to the Democratic National Committee.
3) The hunt is on for the sleezy Russian money into O-mans coffers. A smoking gun has already been found. Will get more on this when the time is right. My source was too giddy to continue. Can you say Clinton and ChiCom funny money? This also becomes a matter of how and when to out.
If true the allegations prompt questions of how the fallout has affected the politics of Obama's current administration and how it will effect this year's presidential election.
Interestingly, Mitt Romney is also facing allegations of voter fraud in Massachusetts as he cast a ballot for Republican Scott Brown in January 2010 in the special election to replace the late Sen. Ted Kennedy but didn't own property in the state at the time.
Romney registered to vote listing his son's unfinished basement as his residence, but the Romneys' former realtor told GOP consultant Fred Karger that they moved to California. Anyone found guilty of committing voter fraud faces up to five years in prison and a $10,000 fine.
WikiLeaks has published 973 out of what it says is a cache of 5 million internal Stratfor emails (dated between July 2004 and December 2011) obtained by the hacker collective Anonymousaround Christmas.
This entry was posted in Barrack Obama, election, Obama, Politics, Vote Fraud and tagged John McCain, Obama, Russia, Vote Fraud. Bookmark the permalink.
Naturally the main stream media never picked this up. But it does show the Democrats once again engaged in the old "I'll accuse my opponent of the crimes I am guilty of" strategy which seems to work so well for them.
This is not the first report of Russian influence in getting Obama into office. But it does come from a highly respected intelligence service email chain. And since it comes through Wikileaks, you know it has not been altered.


text:
Plavnica () je obec na Slovensku v okrese Stará Ľubovňa. V roce 2016 zde žilo 1 655 obyvatel. První písemná zmínka o obci pochází z roku 1325.

Obec se nachází v údolí potoka Šambronka v oblasti Levočských vrchů. Tvoří ji následující části: Funduš, Popodstav, Píla, Rurkováne, Hlinik, Cehelna, Taborisko a Paľenčufka.

Odkazy

Reference

Externí odkazy

 Stránky obce

Obce v okrese Stará Ľubovňa
Obce v regionu Spiš


Presidents from both parties have come to [give the commencement address] at Notre Dame ... we're delighted that President Obama is continuing that tradition.
Humbly placed among Notre Dame's many famous religious monuments and statues stands one of the University's smallest and often unnoticed stone images. Recently erected by the Knights of Columbus and nestled in a little nook next to Sacred Heart Church, this tiny statue of Our Lady holding a baby and bearing the caption "In Memory of the Innocent Victims of Abortion" is easy to miss amidst the grandiose Gothic architecture. And yet, ironically, with your invitation of Barack Obama, the most pro-abortion president this nation has ever known to give the keynote address to Our Lady's 2009 graduates, this unassuming shrine has become the center of attention, or, as Simeon would say, "a sign of contradiction" (Luke 2:35).
Speaking of contradiction, your invocation invitation to our new commander-in-chief (not to mention the honorary ND degree you bequeath him) clearly seems to contradict the U.S. Bishops' 2004 "Catholics in Political Life" statement, which reads, "Catholic institutions should not honor those who act in defiance of our fundamental moral principles. They should not be given awards, honors or platforms which would suggest support for their actions." After all, Barack is not just a little bit pro-choice, but his revoking of the "Mexico City Policy," coupled with his approval of massive funding for embryonic stem cell research and his big push for Illinois (his home state and mine!) to pass FOCA HB2354 in a mere two months, suggests a whole Culture of Choice—or Culture of Death, as that prolific Polish prophet, John Paul II, used to say. Of course, using phrases like "Culture of Death" is not exactly a great way to start a dialogue with pro-choice Democrats ("You know how feisty those future saints are!" you kid Obama's front men, assuring them the president will have smooth sailing once at Notre Dame) and by shoving such dogmas under the rug, you claim to have devised a better way for the University to show its Catholicity than the bishops themselves. "We are not ignoring the critical issue of the protection of life!" you exclaim. "On the contrary, we invited him because we care about these issues, and we hope ... for this to be the basis of an engagement with him."
Assuming, Father, you are not planning an engagement to marry him (which I think even you would admit would throw all hope of salvaging the Barack talk for orthodox Catholics out the window), your slick apologetics appear to at least be taking the faith of the Christian faithful into consideration. Granted, I realize that, short of the Holy Spirit descending upon you, there is now no way in h-e-double hockey sticks you will rescind his invitation. However, if you are truly being honest about engaging Obama, as president of this University, it is your duty to start the dialogue, to make the first statement. You must tell the president that abortion is not a smart choice for a rich young girl who makes a mistake (as Obama implied to his own daughters), or the only realistic option for the poor single mother, as Planned Parenthood promotes—but murder, plain and simple. Heck, if you want to be prophetic, you can tell Obama that abortion is the second coming of the Slaughter of the Innocents (Matt 2:16-18), but as that would make Barack out to be another Herod, I can see why you might want to hold back on that one. Secondly, and just as importantly, you must tell the pro-life students that not only is it their right to protest, but that they are right! I've received too many e-mails like the one from ND parents that state their son (an ND junior) "has been attacked and vilified by many students for opposing the Obama honorarium," or the Irish pro-life underclassman who writes, "It's ironic that the man who calls for unity at all levels of society has served to divide a close-knit campus ... their [attacks] are vile, vicious and malicious." True dialogue demands you to not only encourage and protect these noble student protesters, but welcome the adult alumni that they have invited to join them in this "engagement." For if you will not at least speak out for the unborn, Father, but instead conspire to silence "Her Loyal Sons" of the pro-life cause, I suggest you give up the charade right now and remove every mosaic, sacramental, and statue before he arrives. For if you do not, I tell you these very stones will shout (Luke 19:40). And (if my vision is not just figuratively, but literally correct) the statues, led by the last and least monument, Our Lady of the Unborn, will assemble by the Dome and march toward the stadium, as so many fans, bands and football players have done before them. Only this time, they do not stop at the stands or sidelines, but proceed to the stage, not ceasing their marching until Obama (and all the dissident teachers and theologians) have fled, and Notre Dame is once again a safe and sacred place for Our Lord and Our Lady to dwell.
Lots of good points, Tom. The litany of contradictions is excellent; the new statue of Our Lady of the Unborn faces the Main Building, too. I highly approve of calling on Fr. Jenkins to heal the discord on campus; I am sure some among the powers that be are trying mightily to place the onus for any discord on those students, alumni, and outsiders who speak to and for the timeless truth as taught by Mother Church -- so frequently in the person of Our Lady.
John -- Glad you liked the letter. I think yours was better. Did you read Jenkins' superior, Fr. David Tyson "chicken," approved to Fr. JJs' actions? It's difficult sometimes to not get depressed ... but we have no time for that if we want to save Notre Dame!


Here's a quick new sit-down with Drake, which delivers on depth and substance as Drake sat down with S|2's gallery after curating a playlist last month for Sotheby. I don't know much about the latter two subjects, but appreciate this video above which shows some cool clips of Drizzy appreciating the art and explaining how he feels there's a direct connection and inspiration between art and music. Plus, I think we would all love to curate a playlist like he did too.


text:
Q: Using a different class for an Intent based on the product flavor We are currently working with flavors to create differing apps with the same codebase. I've run into this scenario:
I have two Apps, App A and App B. Inside src/main, so in both flavors' scopes, I have an activity called Start_Activity. From Start_Activity, I want to move to either A_Activity or B_Activity, based on which app we're in. A_Activity and B_Activity are only in the scope of their respective flavors.
What's the best way of attempting this? I don't want to move Start_Activity into the separate flavors, since that'd defeat the point of reusing code.
Can I resolve an activity class for an Intent from ressource files or from the manifest? Or can I only create a class with same-named-constants that exists in each flavor?
Edit
I neglected to mention that I specifically don't want to use a method where the activities share the same name and only exist in the scope of their respective flavors (for example, renaming both A_Activity and B_Activity to X_Activity).
I don't want to use this because I could run into the situation where I have App C that also wants to use A_Activity. Using this method, I'd have to have the A_Activity file in both flavors for App A and App C, which is not clean enough for what I want to do.

A: Look here:
https://stackoverflow.com/a/16746755/7325737
"If you want to have a different version of the same class in the two flavor you'll need to create it in both flavors.
src/flavor1/java/com/foo/A.java
src/flavor2/java/com/foo/A.java

And then your code in src/main/java can do
import com.foo.A

depending on the flavor selected, the right version of com.foo.A is used."
I think this should help you!

A: In Start_Activity you can create the start intent via Intent.parseUri(..) which can be loaded from a config file or a string resource


text:
Q: SASS/SCSS remove hyphen(-) if map has key called null? I want to remove hyphen(-) if map $spacers has key called null.
means it return only the className is this case it called m without hyphen(-).
$spacers: (
  0: 0,
  1: 1px,
  2: 2px,
  null: 3px,
  4: 4px,
  8: 8px
) !default;

@each $prop, $abbrev in (margin: m) {
   @each $size, $length in $spacers {
      .#{$abbrev}-#{$size} {
         #{$prop}: $length !important;
      }
   }
}

the result that I get after compiling :
.m-0 {
  margin: 0 !important;
}

.m-1 {
  margin: 1px !important;
}

.m-2 {
  margin: 2px !important;
}

// hyphen(-) shouldn't be here
.m- {
  margin: 3px !important;
}

.m-4 {
  margin: 4px !important;
}

.m-8 {
  margin: 8px !important;
}

A: Use @if and @else.
@each $prop, $abbrev in (margin: m) {
    @each $size, $length in $spacers {
        @if $size {
            .#{$abbrev}-#{$size} {
                #{$prop}: $length !important;
            }
        } @else {
            .#{$abbrev} {
                #{$prop}: $length !important;
            }
        }
    }
}


As a photographer giving my couples a piece of art which represents all the beauty of an image, gives me great joy.
My Fine Art Prints have an organic feel, being printed on a textured paper that feels soft but has a weight to it that you know equals to quality.
All of my couples receive a handful of prints from their wedding day when they received their finished product.