text:
»Administrative Rules Related
»Department of Natural Resources (NR)
»Chs. NR 600-699; Environmental Protection – Hazardous Waste Management
»Chapter NR 664
NR 664.0073(2)(k) (k) For an off-site treatment facility, a copy of the notice required by the generator or the owner or operator under s. NR 668.07.
NR 664.0073(2)(L) (L) For an on-site treatment facility, the information contained in the notice (except the manifest number) required by the generator or the owner or operator under s. NR 668.07.
NR 664.0073(2)(m) (m) For an off-site land disposal facility, a copy of the notice required by the generator or the owner or operator of a treatment facility under s. NR 668.07.
NR 664.0073(2)(n) (n) For an on-site land disposal facility, the information contained in the notice required by the generator or owner or operator of a treatment facility under s. NR 668.07, except for the manifest number.
NR 664.0073(2)(o) (o) For an off-site storage facility, a copy of the notice required by the generator or the owner or operator under s. NR 668.07.
NR 664.0073(2)(p) (p) For an on-site storage facility, the information contained in the notice (except the manifest number) required by the generator or the owner or operator under s. NR 668.07.
NR 664.0073(2)(q) (q) Any records required under s. NR 664.0001 (10) (m).
NR 664.0073(2)(r) (r) Monitoring, testing or analytical data where required by s. NR 664.0347 shall be maintained in the operating record for 5 years.
NR 664.0073(2)(s) (s) Certifications as required by s. NR 664.0196 (6) shall be maintained in the operating record until closure of the facility.
NR 664.0073 History History: CR 05-032: cr. Register July 2006 No. 607, eff. 8-1-06; correction in (2) (a) made under s. 13.92 (4) (b) 7., Stats., Register March 2013 No. 687; CR 16-007: am. (2) (intro.), (a), (b), (f), (h), (j), cr. (2) (r), (s) Register July 2017 No. 739, eff. 8-1-17; correction in (2) (d) made under s. 13.92 (4) (b) 7., Stats., Register July 2017 No. 739, eff. 8-1-17.
NR 664.0074 NR 664.0074 Availability, retention and disposition of records.
NR 664.0074(1)(1) All records, including plans, required under this chapter shall be furnished upon request, and made available at all reasonable times for inspection, by any officer, employee or representative of the department.
NR 664.0074(2) (2) The retention period for all records required under this chapter is extended automatically during the course of any unresolved enforcement action regarding the facility or as requested by the department.
NR 664.0074(3) (3) A copy of records of waste disposal locations and quantities under s. NR 664.0073 (2) (b) shall be submitted to the department and local land authority upon closure of the facility.
NR 664.0074 History History: CR 05-032: cr. Register July 2006 No. 607, eff. 8-1-06.
NR 664.0075 NR 664.0075 Annual report. The owner or operator shall prepare and submit a single copy of an annual report to the department by March 1 of each year. The annual report shall be submitted on department forms, shall cover facility activities during the previous calendar year and shall, at a minimum, include all of the following:
NR 664.0075(1) (1) The EPA identification number, name and address of the facility.
NR 664.0075(2) (2) The calendar year covered by the report.
NR 664.0075(3) (3) For off-site facilities, the EPA identification number of each hazardous waste generator from which the facility received a hazardous waste during the year. For imported shipments, the report shall give the name and address of the foreign generator.
NR 664.0075(4) (4) A description and the quantity of each hazardous waste the facility received during the year. For off-site facilities, this information shall be listed by EPA identification number of each generator.
NR 664.0075(5) (5) The method of treatment, storage or disposal for each hazardous waste.
NR 664.0075(7) (7) The most recent closure cost estimate under s. NR 664.0142, and, for disposal facilities, the most recent long-term care cost estimate under s. NR 664.0144.
NR 664.0075(8) (8) For generators who treat, store or dispose of hazardous waste on-site, a description of the efforts undertaken during the year to reduce the volume and toxicity of waste generated.
NR 664.0075(9) (9) For generators who treat, store or dispose of hazardous waste on-site, a description of the changes in volume and toxicity of waste actually achieved during the year in comparison to previous years to the extent the information is available for the years prior to 1984.
NR 664.0075(10) (10) The certification signed by the owner or operator of the facility or an authorized representative.
NR 664.0075 Note Note: Information on annual reporting is available at: http://dnr.wi.gov/topic/Waste/AnnualReport.html.
NR 664.0076 NR 664.0076 Unmanifested waste report.
NR 664.0076(1)(1) If a facility accepts for treatment, storage or disposal any hazardous waste from an off-site source without an accompanying manifest, or without an accompanying shipping paper as described in s. NR 663.20 (5), and if the waste is not excluded from the manifest requirement by chs. NR 660 to 679, then the owner or operator shall prepare and submit a report to the department within 15 days after receiving the waste. The unmanifested waste report shall contain all of the following information:
NR 664.0076(1)(a) (a) The EPA identification number, name and address of the facility.
NR 664.0076(1)(b) (b) The date the facility received the waste.
NR 664.0076(1)(c) (c) The EPA identification number, name and address of the generator and the transporter, if available.
NR 664.0076(1)(d) (d) A description and the quantity of each unmanifested hazardous waste the facility received.
NR 664.0076(1)(e) (e) The method of treatment, storage or disposal for each hazardous waste.
NR 664.0076(1)(f) (f) The certification signed by the owner or operator of the facility or an authorized representative.
NR 664.0076(1)(g) (g) A brief explanation of why the waste was unmanifested, if known.
NR 664.0076 History History: CR 05-032: cr. Register July 2006 No. 607, eff. 8-1-06; CR 06-102: am. Register March 2007 No. 615, eff. 4-1-07.
NR 664.0077 NR 664.0077 Additional reports. In addition to submitting the annual reports and unmanifested waste reports described in ss. NR 664.0075 and 664.0076, the owner or operator shall also report all of the following to the department:
NR 664.0077(1) (1) Releases, fires and explosions as specified in s. NR 664.0056 (9).
NR 664.0077(2) (2) Facility closures specified in s. NR 664.0115.
NR 664.0077(3) (3) Other information as required by subchs. F, K to N, AA, BB and CC.
NR 664.0077 History History: CR 05-032: cr. Register July 2006 No. 607, eff. 8-1-06; correction in (1) made under s. 13.92 (4) (b) 7., Stats., Register July 2017 No. 739, eff. 8-1-17.
subch. F of ch. NR 664 Subchapter F —Releases From Solid Waste Management Units
NR 664.0090 NR 664.0090 Applicability.
NR 664.0090 Note Note: Groundwater monitoring requirements in chs. NR 140 and 141 also apply.
NR 664.0090(1) (1)
NR 664.0090(1)(a)(a) Except as provided in sub. (2), this subchapter applies to owners or operators of facilities that treat, store or dispose of hazardous waste. The owner or operator shall satisfy the requirements identified in par. (b) for all wastes (or constituents thereof) contained in solid waste management units at the facility, regardless of the time at which waste was placed in the units.
NR 664.0090(1)(b) (b) All solid waste management units shall comply with the requirements in s. NR 664.0101. A surface impoundment or waste pile unit or landfill that receives hazardous waste after July 26, 1982 (in this subchapter, referred to as a "regulated unit") shall comply with the requirements of ss. NR 664.0091 to 664.0100 in lieu of s. NR 664.0101 for purposes of detecting, characterizing and responding to releases to the uppermost aquifer. The financial responsibility requirements of s. NR 664.0101 apply to regulated units.
NR 664.0090(2) (2) The owner or operator's regulated unit or units are not regulated for releases into the uppermost aquifer under this subchapter if any of the following apply:
NR 664.0090(2)(a) (a) The owner or operator is exempted under s. NR 664.0001.
NR 664.0090(2)(b) (b) The owner or operator operates a unit which the department finds meets all of the following conditions:
NR 664.0090(2)(b)1. 1. Is an engineered structure.
NR 664.0090(2)(b)2. 2. Does not receive or contain liquid waste or waste containing free liquids.
NR 664.0090(2)(b)3. 3. Is designed and operated to exclude liquid, precipitation and other run-on and run-off.
NR 664.0090(2)(b)4. 4. Has both inner and outer layers of containment enclosing the waste.
NR 664.0090(2)(b)5. 5. Has a leak detection system built into each containment layer.
NR 664.0090(2)(b)6. 6. The owner or operator shall provide continuing operation and maintenance of these leak detection systems during the active life of the unit and the closure and long-term care periods.
NR 664.0090(2)(b)7. 7. To a reasonable degree of certainty, shall not allow hazardous constituents to migrate beyond the outer containment layer prior to the end of the long-term care period.
NR 664.0090(2)(d) (d) The department finds that there is no potential for migration of liquid from a regulated unit to the uppermost aquifer during the active life of the regulated unit (including the closure period) and the long-term care period specified under s. NR 664.0117. A qualified geologist or geotechnical engineer shall certify this demonstration. In order to provide an adequate margin of safety in the prediction of potential migration of liquid, the owner or operator shall base any predictions made under this paragraph on assumptions that maximize the rate of liquid migration.
NR 664.0090(2)(e) (e) The owner or operator designs and operates a pile in compliance with s. NR 664.0250 (3).
NR 664.0090(3) (3) This subchapter applies during the active life of the regulated unit (including the closure period). After closure of the regulated unit, this subchapter:
NR 664.0090(3)(a) (a) Does not apply if all waste, waste residues, contaminated containment system components and contaminated subsoils are removed or decontaminated at closure.
NR 664.0090(3)(b) (b) Applies during the long-term care period under s. NR 664.0117 if the owner or operator is conducting a detection monitoring program under s. NR 664.0098.
NR 664.0090(3)(c) (c) Applies during the compliance period under s. NR 664.0096 if the owner or operator is conducting a compliance monitoring program under s. NR 664.0099 or a corrective action program under s. NR 664.0100.
NR 664.0090(4) (4) This subchapter may apply to miscellaneous units when necessary to comply with ss. NR 664.0601 to 664.0603.
NR 664.0090(5) (5) This subchapter applies to all owners and operators subject to s. NR 670.001 (3) (g), when the department issues either a long-term care license or an enforceable document (as defined in s. NR 670.001 (3) (g)) at the facility. When the department issues an enforceable document, references in this subchapter to "in the license" mean "in the enforceable document".
NR 664.0090(6) (6) The department may replace all or part of the requirements of ss. NR 664.0091 to 664.0100 applying to a regulated unit with alternative requirements for groundwater monitoring and corrective action for releases to groundwater set out in the license (or in an enforceable document) (as defined in s. NR 670.001 (3) (g)) where the department determines that all of the following apply:
NR 664.0090(6)(a) (a) The regulated unit is situated among solid waste management units (or areas of concern), a release has occurred and both the regulated unit and one or more solid waste management units (or areas of concern) are likely to have contributed to the release.
NR 664.0090(6)(b) (b) It is not necessary to apply the groundwater monitoring and corrective action requirements of ss. NR 664.0091 to 664.0100 because alternative requirements will protect human health and the environment.
NR 664.0091 NR 664.0091 Required programs.
NR 664.0091(1)(1) Owners and operators subject to this subchapter shall conduct a monitoring and response program according to the following:
NR 664.0091(1)(a) (a) Whenever hazardous constituents under s. NR 664.0093 from a regulated unit are detected at a point of standards application under s. NR 664.0095, the owner or operator shall institute a compliance monitoring program under s. NR 664.0099. Detected is defined as statistically significant evidence of contamination as described in s. NR 664.0098 (6).
NR 664.0091(1)(b) (b) Whenever the groundwater protection standard under s. NR 664.0092 is exceeded, the owner or operator shall institute a corrective action program under s. NR 664.0100. Exceeded is defined as statistically significant evidence of increased contamination as described in s. NR 664.0099 (4).
NR 664.0091(1)(c) (c) Whenever hazardous constituents under s. NR 664.0093 from a regulated unit exceed concentration limits under s. NR 664.0094 in groundwater between the point of standards application under s. NR 664.0095 and the downgradient facility property boundary, the owner or operator shall institute a corrective action program under s. NR 664.0100.
NR 664.0091(1)(d) (d) In all other cases, the owner or operator shall institute a detection monitoring program under s. NR 664.0098.
NR 664.0091(1)(e) (e) Chemical and physical samples shall be analyzed by a laboratory certified or registered under ch. NR 149, except for field analyses for pH, specific conductance and temperature.
NR 664.0091(2) (2) The department shall specify in the facility license the specific elements of the monitoring and response program. The department may include one or more of the programs identified in sub. (1) in the facility license as may be necessary to protect human health and the environment and shall specify the circumstances under which each of the programs will be required. In deciding whether to require the owner or operator to be prepared to institute a particular program, the department shall consider the potential adverse effects on human health and the environment that might occur before final administrative action on an application to modify the license to incorporate such a program could be taken.
NR 664.0092 NR 664.0092 Groundwater protection standard. The owner or operator shall comply with conditions specified in the facility license that are designed to ensure that hazardous constituents under s. NR 664.0093 detected in the groundwater from a regulated unit do not exceed the concentration limits under s. NR 664.0094 or the enforcement standards listed in ch. NR 140, whichever are more stringent, in the uppermost aquifer underlying the waste management area beyond the point of standards application under s. NR 664.0095 during the compliance period under s. NR 664.0096. The department shall establish this groundwater protection standard in the license when hazardous constituents have been detected in the groundwater.
NR 664.0093 NR 664.0093 Hazardous constituents.
NR 664.0093(1)(1) The department shall specify in the facility license the hazardous constituents to which the groundwater protection standard of s. NR 664.0092 applies. Hazardous constituents are constituents identified in ch. NR 661 Appendix VIII, that have been detected in groundwater in the uppermost aquifer underlying a regulated unit and that are reasonably expected to be in or derived from waste contained in a regulated unit, unless the department has excluded them under sub. (2).
NR 664.0093(2) (2) The department shall exclude a ch. NR 661 Appendix VIII constituent from the list of hazardous constituents specified in the license if it finds that the constituent is not capable of posing a substantial present or potential hazard to human health or the environment. In deciding whether to grant an exemption, the department shall consider all of the following:
NR 664.0093(2)(a) (a) Potential adverse effects on groundwater quality, considering all of the following:
NR 664.0093(2)(a)1. 1. The physical and chemical characteristics of the waste in the regulated unit, including its potential for migration.
NR 664.0093(2)(a)2. 2. The hydrogeological characteristics of the facility and surrounding land.
NR 664.0093(2)(a)3. 3. The quantity of groundwater and the direction of groundwater flow.
NR 664.0093(2)(a)4. 4. The proximity and withdrawal rates of groundwater users.
/code/admin_code/nr/600/664 true administrativecode /code/admin_code/nr/600/664/e/0076/1/a Department of Natural Resources (NR) Chs. NR 600-699; Environmental Protection – Hazardous Waste Management administrativecode/NR 664.0076(1)(a) administrativecode/NR 664.0076(1)(a) section true
Published under s. 35.93, Stats. Updated on the first day of each month. Entire code is always current. The Register date on each page is the date the chapter was last published.


Join us for a panel discussion with Fiona Rogers, founder of the Firecracker project and co-author of Firecrackers: Female Photographers Now (Thames & Hudson, 2017), on the most inquisitive, intelligent, and daring photography being created by female photographers working today. Rogers founded Firecracker in 2011 to support female photographers worldwide by showcasing their work. Building upon Firecracker's foundations, the newly released book brings together photography that encompasses an eclectic variety of styles, techniques, and locations, from Alma Haser's futuristic series of portraits that use origami to create 3D sculptures within the frame to Laura El-Tantawy's filmic and intensely personal series on political protest in Cairo. There is a recurring theme throughout the book that serves to unite these extraordinary women and their work: the exploration of marginalized individuals and under-discussed subjects, seen by fresh eyes.
Photographers Cemre Yesil, Diana Markosian, Diana Matar, and Bieke Depoorter, all of whom have work featured in the book, will join Rogers in conversation. Copies of Firecrackers: Female Photographers Now will be for sale after the program.
Cemre Yesil is a Turkish photographer living in Istanbul. She has a BA in photography and an MA in visual arts from Sabanci University in Istanbul. She is currently a practice-based PhD student at the London College of Communication. Her work has been exhibited and published internationally. She was nominated for the Foam Paul Huf Award in 2014, the ING Unseen Talent Award in 2016, and Lead Awards in 2016. In 2015 the British Journal of Photography listed Yesil as one of the twenty-five most promising new talents in a global survey of emerging photographers for her work For Birds' Sake. A selection from her An/Other series is in the Istanbul Modern Art Museum's photography collection.
Diana Markosian is an Armenian-American artist whose images explore the relationship between memory and place. Born in the former Soviet Union, her family immigrated to the US when she was a child, leaving her father behind. In 2010, she received her MA from Columbia University's Graduate School of Journalism. Her work has since taken her to some of the most remote corners of the world, where she has produced both personal and editorial work. Her images can be found in publications such as National Geographic Magazine, the New Yorker, and the New York Times. She became a Magnum nominee in 2016.
Diana Matar is an artist working with photography, testimony, and archive. Often spending years on a theme, she attempts to capture the invisible traces of human history. Her works are concerned with power and violence and the question of what role aesthetics might play in their depiction. Matar graduated from the Royal College of Art London in 2008. She has been the recipient of a Ford Foundation Grant; Deutsche Bank Pyramid Award for Fine Art; Fifty Crows International Fund for Documentary Photography; and Arts Council of England Award twice. Her work has shown at Tate Modern, London; Institute du Monde Arabe, Paris; and Museum Folkswang, Germany among many other international institutions. Her first monograph, Evidence, was published in November 2014 by Schilt Publishing to international critical acclaim, including being chosen by New York Times photography critic Teju Cole as one of two best photography books of the year. Her bodies of work have been published internationally including in the New Yorker and Financial Times Magazine. Her works are held in the collections of the Victoria & Albert Museum London; Museum of Contemporary Photography, Chicago; Museum of Fine Arts, Houston; Santa Barbara Museum of Art; and George Eastman Museum among others.
Bieke Depoorter was born in 1986 in Kortrijk, Belgium. She received a master's degree in photography at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Ghent in 2009. Her early color photography work is the result of a unique approach: she captures the privacy of people whom she meets by chance and she gets to invite her into their homes. She captures indescribable, fragile, and intense moments, always with kindness.
For the Ou Menya series, the young artist travelled for three months in Russia, to remote villages, guided by the Trans-Siberian Railway. This work won her several awards, including the Magnum Expression Award in 2009. Her first book, Ou Menya, was published by Lannoo (Belgium) in 2011.For a similar long-term project entitled I Am About to Call it a day, the photographer went to the United States. A book of the same name was jointly published in 2014 by Edition Patrick Frey (Switzerland) and Hannibal (Belgium).
With Sète #15, in photographs taken during an artistic residency for the festival l'Image Singulières, Depoorter explores for the first time the thin line between fiction and documentary. She presents a nocturnal vision of the city, with a filmic dream-like atmosphere. Her photographs convey the muted pulsations of a sleeping city.
Depoorter finalized her first short film Dvalemodus in 2017, which she directed together with musician Mattias De Craene. The film talks about the everlasting darkness in a small village in the northern Norway. Depoorters new book As it May Be is going to be published by Hannibal, Aperture, and Edition Xavier Barral in October 2017. Since the beginning of the uprising in 2011 in Egypt, she tried to find trust in a country where mistrust predominates. Engagement has always been important to Depoorter. Nevertheless the consciousness of her status as an outsider, both culturally and as a photographer started to grow. She went back with a dummy of the new book to open a dialogue with more Egyptians.
When she was just 25 years old, she joined the Magnum agency, of which she became a nominee in 2012 and a full member in 2016.
Fiona Rogers is the global business development manager at Magnum Photos International. She is also the founder of Firecracker, a platform supporting female photographers, and recently co-authored a book with curator Max Houghton, Firecrackers: Female Photographers Now, celebrating women working in this medium. She has participated as a judge for several notable competitions, including the Mack First Book Award and the Getty Images Grant for Editorial Photography.


A full budget report for the Solar Colwood project has been released for to the public and some residents still have concerns.
A full budget report for Solar Colwood has been released for the first time to the public, but a few residents still have concerns over the viability of the initiative.
The report shows the total projected budget for the project at just over $12 million, over four years. Colwood is contributing 3.5 per cent of that budget, including $393,000 in-kind staff and councillor time and about $31,400 in HST.
Participating homeowners will end up contributing 46.5 per cent, and Natural Resources Canada will provide a 32.3 per cent, or $3.9 million, contribution.
The rest of the money will come from partners such as the provincial government and Royal Roads University, along with private businesses and the T'Sou-ke First Nation.
In the first three quarters of the 2011-2012 fiscal year a total of $607,267 was spent on the project, $3,255 in HST costs and more than $100,000 from in-kind contributions.
Most of the in-kind contributions are in the form of staff time and office space and supplies, along with costs associated with installing a solar thermal system at the Colwood fire hall.
Actual contributions for the first year of the program came in under budget for Colwood due to less interest from homeowners then expected.
The project is slated to help homeowners in Colwood install a total of 880 solar hot water systems and 120 ductless split heat pumps. In its first fiscal year, which ends March 31, there are so far 25 signed contracts for solar hot water and 53 for ductless heat pumps. Targets for the program were 50 and 60, respectively.
Colwood Coun. Judith Cullington said that the project is not where she would like to see it in terms of uptake so far. As a new concept for many people, she understands that it may take time to catch on.
At a March 6 committee of the whole meeting and at a strategic and financial planning committee on Tuesday, city councillors and citizen committee members heard the public's concerns and attempted to provide answers and recommendations.
One concern that Cullington addressed was over the initial revelation of the project in January 2011. She explained that the announcement of the project was delayed because its federal partners, National Resources Canada, stipulated that it had to be the first agency to announce it.
Cullington also explained that the deal with the agency was built off an approved budget.
"There wasn't an opportunity to put the whole thing out in front of the public," she said.
Some members of the public questioned the level of resident input into the project's budget, among other concerns. A package of six questions, mainly concerning budget and assessments, was presented to councillors.
Jim Belfry, who is both an author of the questions and a citizen member of Colwood's financial planning committee, voted in favour of the committee's actions related to the questions, which included advising council to gather data from other solar projects for background information.
Those recommendations will now go to council for consideration. For the full budget report and more information visit colwood.ca.


By Doug Bartholomew The task of managing and distributing technical documents such as engineering drawings could be made easier with a new software package from Digital Paper Corp. The new docQuest version 4.0 is a Web-based system that collects, manages, and delivers technical content without the need to change business processes or current systems, or retrain employees. Many of the features in the new release are useful for manufacturing discrete components, including automotive, aerospace, and industrial equipment. Among the new features are electronic packaging and distribution of documents to suppliers; replication of documents to remote sites, ensuring that suppliers or contract manufacturers have the most up-to-date drawings; and automatic notification, which sends users an e-mail when any document changes. A collaborative capability enables field service or manufacturing users to mark up technical documents and e-mail them to engineering users. Digital Paper's DirectSight, a streaming and viewing technology, allows Internet users to securely access complex content, including engineering drawings, at any time and from any place. Based in Alexandria, Va., Digital Paper has more than 200 customers, including General Motors Corp., Boeing Co., Nissan Motor Co., and Lucent Technologies.


Metallics can be daring and now the fashion news is that next season is going to be all about shine, sparkle and shimmer with hints of silver and flashes of gold. Metallic jeans - nicknamed 'bling jeans' and are selling fast in Topshop and Zara. Remember that metallic jeans are best for pulling off this trend, because you can tone down the rest of your outfit and keep it neutral and simplistic.
- For day-wear, team metallic jeans or skirts with an understated jumper or jersey top. A metallic T-shirt adds a bit of rock and roll bling to plain jeans.
- Do not team metallic trousers and top. Ever.
- If you don't want to go all out, try adding metallic shoes, bags or nail varnish to liven up a simple outfit.
So keep a look out for these jeans!! If you don't want to buy, get creative and create your own in the comfort of your own home, its quick, easy and you'll have a fab pair of new jeans.
1. You would need an old pair of grey or black jeans, silver/gold, white and black metallic fabric paint, clear varnish, and a sponge brush.
2. Start painting with the silver paint. The paint does not need to be evenly distributed and cover all of the surface area as uneven blotches is part of the charm.
3. Blend the silver with black and white paint. Paint on top of the first silver coat. Use vertical strokes and try to blend the colours together.


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text:
\section*{Two Decades of HERA physics}

\nocite{Kovarik:2010uv,Schienbein:2007fs,Kulagin:2004ie,Kulagin:2007ju,Hirai:2007sx,Bodek:1983qn,Bari:1985ga,Benvenuti:1987az,Landgraf:1991nv,Gomez:1993ri,Dasu:1993vk,Rondio:1993mf,Tzanov:2005kr,Botts:1992yi,Lai:1994bb,Schienbein:2009kk,Aaron:2011gp,Chekanov:2009kj,Breitweg:1999ad,Adloff:2001zj,Kretzer:2003it,Binoth:2010ra,Lai:2010vv,Nadolsky:2008zw,Ball:2011uy,Martin:2010db,Martin:2009iq,Harris:1997zq,Barnett:1976ak,Stavreva:2010xs,Stavreva:2010yh,Abazov:2009de}

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[clip,width=0.45\textwidth]{./eps/olness_fig1}
\caption{
$e^+ p$ NC cross section for the combined HERA data as compared with the
HERAPDF1.5 fit as a function of $Q^2$ for different values of $x$.
{\it (Figure  from H1prelim-10-142 \& ZEUS-prel-10-018.)}
\label{fig:herasig}}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure*}[t]
\includegraphics[clip,width=0.45\textwidth]{./eps/olness_fig2}
\hfil
\includegraphics[clip,width=0.45\textwidth]{./eps/olness_fig3}
\caption{The
computed nuclear correction ratio, $F_{2}^{Fe}/F_{2}^{N}$, as a
function of $x$ for $Q^{2}=5\,{\rm GeV}^{2}$. Figure-a) shows the fit
(fit B from Ref.~\cite{Schienbein:2009kk}) using charged-lepton--nucleus ($\ell^{\pm}A$) and DY data
whereas Figure-b) shows the fit using neutrino-nucleus ($\nu A$) data
(fit A2 from Ref.~\cite{Schienbein:2007fs}). Both fits are compared
with the SLAC/NMC parameterization~\cite{Schienbein:2009kk},
 as well as fits from Kulagin-Petti
(KP) (Ref.~\cite{Kulagin:2004ie,Kulagin:2007ju}) and Hirai et
\textit{al.} (HKN07), (Ref.~\cite{Hirai:2007sx}).  The data points
displayed in Figure-a) come from a selection of SLAC and BCDMS
data.~\cite{Bodek:1983qn,Bari:1985ga,Benvenuti:1987az,Landgraf:1991nv,Gomez:1993ri,Dasu:1993vk,Rondio:1993mf}.
\label{fig:nuc}}
\end{figure*}

The HERA electron-proton collider ring began its physics program in
1992 and completed accelerator operations in 2007.
The data collected by the HERA facility allowed for  physics
studies over a tremendously expanded  kinematic region compared to
the previous fixed-target experiments.  This point is illustrated in
Figure~\ref{fig:herasig} where we display the $e^+ p$ Neutral Current
(NC) cross section vs. $Q^2$ for  the HERA data (runs I and II)
together with the fixed-target data.  We observe that the HERA data
allows us to extend our reach in $Q^2$ by more than two decades for
large to intermediate $x$ values, and also extends  the small $x$
region down to $\sim 10^{-5}$.

Additionally, the large statistics and reduced systematics of the
experimental data demand that the theoretical predictions keep pace.
Over the lifetime of HERA we have seen many of the theoretical
calculations advanced from Leading-Order (LO), to
Next-to-Leading-Order (NLO), and some even to
Next-to-Next-to-Leading-Order (NNLO).

As the required theoretical precision has increased, it has been necessary
to revisit the many inputs and assumptions which are used in the calculations.
We will examine the role that the heavy quarks--and
their associated masses--play in these calculations, both
for the evolution of the parton distribution functions (PDFs) and also the
hard-scattering cross sections.

\section*{Determining the Heavy Quark PDFs}

\begin{figure*}[t]
\includegraphics[clip,width=0.45\textwidth]{./eps/olness_fig4}
\hfil
\includegraphics[clip,width=0.45\textwidth]{./eps/olness_fig5}
\caption{The a) gluon $x\, g(x,Q_0)$ and b) strange quark $x\,
s(x,Q_0)$ nuclear PDFs as a function of $x$ for a selection of nuclear
A values $\{1,2,4,9,12,27,56,108, 207 \}$  (from top to bottom at $x=0.01$).
We choose $Q_{0}=1.3\,{\rm
GeV}$.
\label{fig:npdf}}
\end{figure*}

HERA's reach to larger $Q^2$ and smaller $x$ values takes us to a new
kinematic region where the heavy quarks ($s,c,b$) play a more
important role.  For example, the strange and charm quark
contributions to $F_2$ at small $x$ values can be 30\% or more of the
total inclusive result. To make high-precision predictions for the
structure functions we must therefore be capable of reducing the
uncertainty of these heavy quark contributions; this requires, in part,
precise knowledge of the PDFs which enter the calculation.

The determination of the PDFs requires a variety of data sets which
constrain different linear combinations of the PDF flavors.  For
example, Neutral Current
(NC) charged-lepton
Deeply Inelastic Scattering (DIS)
(at low $Q^2$) probes a charge weighted
combination $\sim 4 u + d + s + 4 c $.  In contrast, charged current
(CC) neutrino DIS can probe different flavor combinations via
$W^\pm$-boson exchange; additionally the neutrino measurements can
probe the parity-violating $xF_3$ structure function.

\section*{Nuclear Correction Factors}

The most precise determination of the strange quark PDF component
comes from neutrino--nucleon ($\nu$-N) di-muon DIS
($\nu N \to \mu^- \mu^+ X$) process.
This (dominantly) takes place via the Cabibbo favored partonic process
$\nu s \to \mu^- c$ followed by a semi-leptonic charm decay.
As the neutrino cross section is small, this measurement
is typically made using heavy nuclear targets (Fe, Pb),
so nuclear corrections must be applied to relate the
results to a proton or isoscalar nuclei.

However, recent analyses indicate that the nuclear corrections
for the $\nu$-N and $\ell^\pm$-N DIS processes are different~\cite{Kovarik:2010uv};
hence, this introduces an uncertainty into the strange quark PDF extraction
which was not realized previously.
Figure~\ref{fig:nuc} displays the nuclear correction factors
obtained for the
a) $\ell^\pm$-N
and
b)  $\nu$-N processes.
Here, we plot the ratio of $F_2^{Fe}$ to an isoscalar $F_2^N$
as a function of $x$ for the $Q^2$ value indicated.

The contrast between the charged-lepton ($\ell^{\pm}A$) case and
the neutrino ($\nu A$) case
in Figure~\ref{fig:nuc}
is striking; while the charged-lepton
results generally align with the SLAC/NMC~\cite{Schienbein:2007fs},
KP~\cite{Kulagin:2004ie,Kulagin:2007ju} and HKN~\cite{Hirai:2007sx} determinations,
the neutrino results clearly yield different behavior in the intermediate
$x$-region. We emphasize that both the charged-lepton and neutrino
results are not a model---they come directly from global fits to the
data. To emphasize this point, we have superimposed illustrative data
points  in the figures; these
are simply
a) the SLAC and BCDMS
data~\cite{Bodek:1983qn,Bari:1985ga,Benvenuti:1987az,Landgraf:1991nv,Gomez:1993ri,Dasu:1993vk,Rondio:1993mf}
or
b) the $\nu A$ DIS data~\citep{Tzanov:2005kr}
scaled by the
appropriate structure function, calculated with the
proton PDF of Ref.~\citep{Schienbein:2007fs}.

The mis-match between the results in charged-lepton and neutrino DIS
is particularly interesting given that there has been a long-standing
{}``tension'' between the light-target charged-lepton data and the
heavy-target neutrino data in the historical fits~\citep{Botts:1992yi,Lai:1994bb}.
This study demonstrates that the tension is not only between charged-lepton
\emph{light-target} data and neutrino heavy-target data, but we now
observe this phenomenon in comparisons between neutrino and charged-lepton
\emph{heavy-target} data.

\section*{The nCTEQ PDFs}

The above example underscores the importance of a comprehensive treatment of the
nuclear corrections
to achieve the precision demanded by the current precision data.
To move toward this goal,  the nCTEQ project was developed to extend the
global analysis framework of the traditional CTEQ proton PDFs to
incorporate a  broader set of nuclear data thereby extracting
the PDFs of a nuclear target.
In essence, a nuclear  PDF not only depends on the momentum fraction $x$ and
energy scale $Q$, but  also  on the nuclear ``A'' value: $f(x,Q,A)$.
The structure of the nCTEQ analysis is closely modeled on that of the
proton global analysis; in fact, the nuclear parameterizations are designed efficiently
to make use of the proton limit (A=1) as a ``boundary condition'' to help constrain the
fit.

In Figure~\ref{fig:npdf} we display the gluon and strange nuclear PDFs as a function of $x$
for a selection of nuclear A values.
We observe that for $x\simeq 0.01$ the nuclear modifications for the strange quark
can be $\sim$25\%,
and for the gluon can be even larger.
The details of the
nuclear PDF analysis is discussed in
Refs.~\cite{Kovarik:2010uv,Schienbein:2009kk,Schienbein:2007fs}\footnote{The
nuclear PDFs are available on the web from the nCTEQ page
at {\tt http://projects.hepforge.org/ncteq/ \ }
which is hosted by the HepForge project.}

The nCTEQ web-page contains 19 families of nPDF grid files which may be used to
explore the variation due to the different data sets and kinematic cuts.  In particular,
there is a collections of nPDFs which interpolate between that
of Figure~\ref{fig:nuc}-a) which uses the charged-lepton--nucleus ($\ell^{\pm}A$)
data and
of Figure~\ref{fig:nuc}-b) which uses the  neutrino-nucleus ($\nu A$) data.

\section*{The Strange Quark PDF}

\begin{figure}
\centerline{
\includegraphics[clip,width=0.40\textwidth]{./eps/olness_fig6}
}
\caption{$\kappa(x)$ vs. $x$ for $Q=1.5$~GeV
for a selection of PDFs, where we define
$\kappa(x)=2 s(x)/(\bar{u}(x)+\bar{d}(x))$
\label{fig:kappa}}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\centerline{
\includegraphics[clip,width=0.40\textwidth]{./eps/olness_fig6a}
}
\caption{Relative uncertainty of the strange quark PDF
as a function of $x$ for $Q=2$~GeV.
The inner band is for the CTEQ6.1 PDF set, and the
outer band is for the CTEQ6.6 PDF set.
The band is computed as
$s_i(x)/s_0(x)$ where $s_0(x)$ is the central PDF for each set;
for CTEQ6.1, $i=[1,40]$, and
for CTEQ6.6, $i=[1,44]$.
\label{fig:band}}
\end{figure}

We now
compare a selection of $s(x)$ distributions to gain
a better understanding of the uncertainties
arising from the nuclear correction factors used to analyze the
$\nu$N DIS.
One measure of the strange quark content of the proton is to compare
$s(x)$ with the average up-quark and down-quark sea PDFs:
$(\bar{u}(x)+\bar{d}(x))/2$.
Thus, we define the ratio
$\kappa(x)=2 s(x)/(\bar{u}(x)+\bar{d}(x))$.
If we had exact  $SU(3)$ flavor symmetry, we would expect $\kappa=1$;
the extent to which $\kappa$ is below one  measures  the suppression of the
strange quark as compared to the up and down sea.
In Figure~\ref{fig:kappa} we display $\kappa(x)$ for some recent CTEQ PDFs and
note that $\kappa(x)$ has a large variation, especially at small $x$ values.
This reflects, in part, the fact that the strange quark is poorly constrained
for $x\lsim 0.1$.
For the CTEQ6, 6HQ, 6.1, and 6.5 PDF sets,
the strange quark was arbitrarily set to $\sim 1/2$ the
average of the up and down sea-quarks.
For the CTEQ6.6 PDF set, the strange quark was allowed
additional freedom;  this
is reflected in Figure~\ref{fig:band}
which compares the relative uncertainty of the strange quark
in the 6.1 and 6.6 PDF sets.

\section*{$W/Z$ at the LHC}

\begin{figure}
\centerline{
\includegraphics[clip,width=0.40\textwidth]{./eps/olness_fig7}
}
\caption{The differential cross section ($d\sigma/dy$) for $W^+$ production
at the LHC ($\sqrt{s}$=14TeV) as a function of rapidity $y$.
The partonic contributions are also displayed. At $y=0$, the contributions
(from top to bottom) are
\{$total$,
$u \bar{d}$,
$c \bar{s}$,
$u \bar{s}$,
$c \bar{d}$ \}
\label{fig:lhc}}
\end{figure}

The above reexamination of the nuclear corrections introduces additional
uncertainties into the data sets, which manifests itself in increased uncertainties
on the strange quark PDF. To see how these uncertainties might affect other processes,
we consider, as an example, $W/Z$ production at the LHC.
As we go to higher energies,
the heavy quarks will play an increasingly important role
because we can probe the PDFs at smaller $x$ and larger $Q$;
this means that
the heavy quark PDF uncertainties can
have an increased influence on LHC observables compared to Tevatron observables.

In Figure~\ref{fig:lhc} we display the LO differential cross section for
$W$ production at the LHC as a function of rapidity $y$, as well as the
individual partonic contributions. We note that in the central rapidity region
the contribution from the heavy quarks can be  30\% or more of the total cross section;
this is in sharp contrast to the situation at the Tevatron where the
heavy quark contributions are minimal. Thus, a large uncertainty in the
heavy quark PDFs can influence such ``benchmark'' processes as W/Z production
at the LHC. Of course, given the high statistics from the LHC (the 2011 proton-proton run exceeded 5~$fb^{-1}$),
it may be possible to turn the question around and ask to what extent the
LHC data may constrain the heavy quark PDFs.

\section*{Zero Mass (ZM) and General Mass (GM) Schemes}

We now turn to charm production and the measurement of the charm PDF.
HERA extracted precise measurements of $F_2^{c}$ and $F_2^{b}$, and recently these
analyses have been updated\footnote{Cf., ZEUS-prel-09-015}
to include the low $Q^2$ data to cover the
kinematic range of $Q^2=[2, 1000] \, GeV^2$ and $x$ down to $10^{-5}$.
~\cite{Aaron:2011gp,Chekanov:2009kj}

A  global fit of HERA I data~\cite{Breitweg:1999ad,Adloff:2001zj}
 for  $F_2^{c}$ was performed using both the
General Mass Variable Flavor Scheme (GM-VFS), and also the
Zero Mass Variable Flavor Scheme (ZM-VFS).~\cite{Kretzer:2003it}
While the GM-VFN result yielded an improved $\chi^2$,
the ZM-VFN results--when implemented consistently--yielded an acceptable fit to the data.
Given the expanded kinematic coverage of the recent HERA data, it would be of interest to
repeat this comparison.
Presumably the new data sets would allow for increased differentiation
between the ZM-VFN and GM-VFN scheme results.

\section*{Choice of Theoretical Schemes}

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[clip,width=0.40\textwidth]{./eps/olness_fig8}
\caption{Comparison of  $F_2^c$ for the
Fixed-Order-Next-to-Leading-Log (FONLL) with the
Simplified-ACOT (S-ACOT) scheme.
There are four curves displayed, two for the
ordinary $\chi$-rescaling, and two for
an alternate  $\chi$-rescaling (labeled ``v2'').
The FONLL  and S-ACOT results are identical throughout
the $x$ range.
{\it (Figure  from Ref.~\cite{Binoth:2010ra}.)}
\label{fig:lh1}}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[clip,width=0.40\textwidth]{./eps/olness_fig9}
\caption{Comparison of  $F_2^c$ for the
Fixed-Order-Next-to-Leading-Log (FONLL) and the
MSTW08 NLO results.
The FONLL results are shown for both the ``A'' and ``B''
variations.
The  FONLL results differ from the MSTW08 results
for low $Q$ and $x$; for larger values of $Q$ and $x$
they are more comparable.
{\it (Figure  from Ref.~\cite{Binoth:2010ra}.)}
\label{fig:lh2}}
\end{figure}

Having illustrated the impact of different theoretical schemes
on the data analysis, we take a moment to compare and contrast
some of the different schemes that are currently being used
for various PDF analysis efforts.
While many of the global analyses use a
Variable Flavor Number (VFN) scheme to include the
heavy quark as a parton, the detailed implementation of this scheme
can lead to notable differences.  At the 2009 Les Houches workshop, a
comparison was performed among a number of the different programs to
quantify these differences.  All programs used the same PDFs and
$\alpha_S$ values so that the differences would  only reflect the
particular scheme.  The complete details can be found in
Ref.~\cite{Binoth:2010ra}, and Figures~\ref{fig:lh1} and
\ref{fig:lh2} display sample comparisons.

Figure~\ref{fig:lh1} compares the S-ACOT scheme which is used for the
CTEQ series of global analyses,~\cite{Lai:2010vv,Nadolsky:2008zw}
 and the FONLL which is used by the
Neural Network PDF (NNPDF)
collaboration.~\cite{Ball:2011uy}
In the figure, these two implementations (S-ACOT and FONLL-A) are numerically equivalent.

Figure~\ref{fig:lh2} compares two variations of the  FONLL scheme (``A'' and ``B'')
with the MSTW08 results which is used in the MSTW series of PDF global analyses.~\cite{Martin:2010db,Martin:2009iq}
Here these differences reflect the different organization
and truncation of the perturbation expansion; it does {\it not} indicate that
one choice is right or wrong.
We expect such differences to be proportional to $\sim \alpha_S^N \times {\cal O}(m^2/Q^2)$.
Thus,
as we increase the order of perturbation theory  or the energy scale
the differences should decrease;
we have explicitly verified the difference is reduced as $Q^2$ increases, as it should.
When we are able to carry these calculations out to higher orders, the scheme differences
should be further reduced; this work is in progress.

\section*{Charm Mass Dependence and $F_2^{c}$}

The experimental extraction of the ``inclusive'' $F_2^{c}$ requires a
differential NLO calculation of DIS charm production to be extrapolated
over the unobserved kinematic regions.
These analyses generally make use of the HVQDIS
program~\cite{Harris:1997zq} which computes $F_2^{c}$ in a
Fixed-Flavor-Number  (FFN) scheme at NLO.
In this calculation, the charm is produced only
via a gluon splitting, $g\to c \bar{c}$, and there is no charm PDF.
Thus, the charm mass ($m_c$) enters only the partonic cross section $\hat{\sigma}(m_c)$ and the
final state phase space; there is no PDF charm threshold.

Although we would also like to perform the extraction of $F_2^{c}$
using a Variable-Flavor-Number (VFN) scheme, the challenge is that no NLO differential
program exists for this process.
In lieu of a VFN extraction, another avenue is to study the
influence of different theoretical schemes and $m_c$ parameters in the analysis of
the  $F_2^{c}$ data. We describe such a study below.

\begin{figure}[t]
\includegraphics[clip,width=0.45\textwidth]{./eps/olness_fig10}
\caption{Comparison of $\chi^2$ for  HERA I + $F_2^{c \bar{c}}$ fits
using different heavy flavor schemes as a function of the
charm quark mass parameter $m_c^{model}$.
{\it (Figure  from H1prelim-10-143 \& ZEUS-prel-10-019)}
\label{fig:charm}}
\end{figure}

In many analyses, the value of the charm mass is taken as an external
fixed parameter.
A recent investigation has taken a closer look at the role of the
charm mass parameter $m_c$ and examined the combined effects of $m_c$
and the theoretical scheme used; preliminary results
of this study are displayed in
Figure~\ref{fig:charm}.
For each of the schemes listed in the legend, fits were generated for
fixed $m_c$ values in the range $[1.2, 1.8]$~GeV.  Thus, the minimum
of the $\chi^2$ curve represents the ``optimal'' choice of the charm
mass parameter $m_c$ for that specific scheme.

We observe that the various schemes prefer $m_c$ values ranging from
1.2 to 1.7~GeV,
The largest  $m_c$ value (1.68~GeV) comes from the Zero Mass VFN Scheme (ZM\, VFNS)
which only uses $m_c$ for the PDF charm threshold; it is absent in the
 phase space for the zero-mass case.
In contrast, for the S-ACOT-$\chi$ scheme  the ``$\chi$'' notation\footnote{Specifically,
the $\chi$-prescription rescales the partonic momentum fraction via
$x \to x(1+(2m_c/Q)^2)$
in contrast to the traditional Barnett~\cite{Barnett:1976ak} ``slow-rescaling''
which is  $x \to x(1+(m_c/Q)^2)$.}
 indicates
there are effectively two factors of $m_c$ in the final phase space, and this
yields the smallest value of $m_c$ (1.26~GeV).

The ACOT scheme and the Roberts-Thorne (RT) scheme yield $m_c$ values
in the intermediate region.
The ACOT scheme uses the full kinematic mass relations in the partonic relations,
and the scaling variable is intermediate ($m_c$=1.58~GeV)
between the ZM-VFN scheme and the S-ACOT-$\chi$ scheme.
The S-ACOT scheme (not shown) is virtually identical to the full ACOT scheme, and also
yields a $m_c$ value  in the intermediate region.
Therefore, comparing the  S-ACOT-$\chi$ and S-ACOT schemes, we find that the
$\chi$-rescaling variable
is dominantly responsible for the shift of the optimal $m_c$ value from $\sim 1.26$ to
 $\sim 1.58$.
This observation suggests that it is the rescaling of the $x$ variable which enters the
PDFs that generates  the dominant effect.
While this study is continuing, it does indicate
the sensitivity  of the charm mass and scheme choice
in these precision analyses.

\section*{Extrinsic \& Intrinsic Charm PDFs}

\begin{figure}[t]
\includegraphics[clip,width=0.45\textwidth]{./eps/olness_fig11}
\caption{Measurement of $\gamma+c$ and $\gamma+b$ vs.
$P_T^\gamma$ as measured by D-Zero.
{\it (Figure  from Ref.~\protect\cite{Abazov:2009de}.)}
\label{fig:d0}}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[t]
\hfil
\includegraphics[clip,width=0.30\textwidth]{./eps/olness_fig12}
\hfil
\caption{The integrated momentum fraction (in percent) of the ``extrinsic''
charm and bottom quarks generated by gluon splitting
as a function of the scale $Q$. Reference lines are indicated at 1\% and 2\%.
\label{fig:mom}}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[t]
\includegraphics[clip,angle=0,width=0.45\textwidth]{./eps/olness_fig13}
\caption{$d\sigma/dp_{T\gamma}$ (pb/GeV)
at the Tevatron for the CTEQ6.6 PDFs, and two
intrinsic charm (IC) models.
{\it (Figure  from Ref.~\cite{Stavreva:2010xs}.)}
\label{fig:charmTEV}}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[t]
\includegraphics[clip,angle=0,width=0.45\textwidth]{./eps/olness_fig14}
\caption{Ratio of $d\sigma/dp_{T\gamma}$ (pb/GeV)
at the LHC ($\sqrt{s}=7~TeV$) for the
 BPHS IC model  to the
CTEQ6.6 PDF
for a selection of rapidity bins.
{\it (Figure  from Ref.~\cite{Stavreva:2010xs}.)}
\label{fig:charmLHC}}
\end{figure}

The charm quark and bottom quark PDFs can  be probed directly
at the Tevatron by studying photon--heavy quark final states
which occur via the sub-process  $g Q \to \gamma Q$ at LO.
This process has been measured at the Tevatron for both charm and bottom
final states,
and we display the results in Figure~\ref{fig:d0} as a function
of $P_T^\gamma$ for two rapidity configurations.
This measurement is particularly interesting as the dominant process involves a
heavy quark PDF; this is in contrast to DIS charm or bottom production, for example, where
over much of the kinematic range the process is dominated by the gluon-initiated process
(e.g., $\gamma g \to Q \bar{Q}$) rather than the heavy quark initiated process ($\gamma Q \to Q$).

Examining Figure~\ref{fig:d0} we observe that
the bottom quark production measurements compare favorably with the theoretical predictions
throughout the  $P_T^\gamma$ range, but the charm results rise above the theory predictions for
large  $P_T^\gamma$.
Although there may be a number of explanations for the excess charm
cross section at large $P_T^\gamma$, one possibility is the presence
of intrinsic charm (IC) in the proton.  In the usual DGLAP evolution of the
proton PDFs, we begin the evolution at a low energy scale $Q_0<m_c$
and evolve up to higher scales.  The charm and bottom PDFs are defined
to be zero for $Q<m_{c,b}$, and above the mass scale the heavy quark
PDFs are generated by gluon splitting, $g\to Q \bar{Q}$; we refer to
this as the ``extrinsic'' contribution to the heavy quark PDFs.
In Figure~\ref{fig:mom} we display the integrated momentum fractions for the
charm and bottom quarks as a function of the scale $Q$; these are zero for
$Q<m_{c,b}$, and then begin to grow via the  $g \to Q \bar{Q}$ process.

It has been suggested that there may also be an ``intrinsic
contribution to the heavy quark PDFs which is present even at low
scales $Q<m_{c,b}$.
While it is difficult to constrain the detailed functional shape of
any intrinsic heavy quark distribution, the total momentum fraction of
any intrinsic contribution must be less than  approximately $1\%$ if it is to be
compatible with the global analyses.

In Figure~\ref{fig:charmTEV} we illustrate the effect of including
an additional intrinsic charm component in the proton.
The BHPS IC model concentrates the momentum fraction at large $x$ values,
and the Sea-like IC model distributes the charm more uniformly.\footnote{For
details, c.f., Refs.~\cite{Stavreva:2010xs,Stavreva:2010yh}}
It is intriguing that the IC modification
of the proton PDF can increase the theoretical prediction in the large  $P_T^\gamma$ region,
but this observation alone is not sufficient to claim the presence of IC; this would require
independent verification.
In Figure~\ref{fig:charmLHC} we display the cross section ratio for $\gamma + c$
at the LHC for the BHPS IC model for a selection of rapidity bins.
Thus the LHC can validate or refute this possibility with
a high-statistics measurement of $\gamma + c$, especially if they can observe this in the
forward rapidity region.

\section*{The Longitudinal Structure Function $F_L$}

\begin{figure}[t]
\includegraphics[clip,width=0.45\textwidth]{./eps/olness_fig15}
\caption{Measurement of $F_L$ using the combined HERA
data set from H1 and ZEUS. The data are compared with
a selection of theoretical predictions.
{\it (Figure  H1prelim-10-044 \& ZEUS-prel-10-008).}
\label{fig:FL}}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure*}
\includegraphics[width=0.40\textwidth]{eps/olness_fig16}
\hfil
\includegraphics[width=0.40\textwidth]{eps/olness_fig17}
\caption{Fractional flavor decomposition of  $F_L^i/F_L$ vs. $Q$
in GeV
for
a) $x=10^{-1}$ and
b) $x=10^{-5}$.
Reading from the bottom, we plot
the cumulative contributions for $\{u,d,s,c,b\}$.
\label{fig:FLrat}
}
\end{figure*}

Most of the previous discussion has addressed the determination of
the quark PDFs. Constraining the gluon PDF is a  challenge,
and the longitudinal structure function $F_L$ is particularly interesting
as it involves both the heavy quark and the gluon distributions.
Using the combined data from H1 and ZEUS, HERA has extracted
 $F_L$ in an extended kinematic regime, and
Figure~\ref{fig:FL} displays the result of the combined data as compared with
various theoretical predictions.

The measurement of $F_L$ is special for a number of reasons, and we write this
schematically as:
 \begin{equation}
F_L \simeq
\frac{m^2}{Q^2} \ q(x)
+\alpha_S
\left\{
C_g \otimes g(x) +
C_q \otimes q(x)
\right\} \ .
\label{eq:FL}
 \end{equation}
Note that the LO term is zero in the limit of massless quarks as
the $(m^2/Q^2)$ factor in
Eq.~(\ref{eq:FL}) suppresses  the helicity violating contributions;
this is a consequence of the Callan-Gross relation.
Therefore, for light quarks the dominant contributions come from the NLO gluon term; hence,
$F_L$ can provide useful information about the gluon PDF.

For the heavy quarks the picture is less obvious. While the NLO heavy quark contributions will
clearly be small compared to the dominant gluon terms, the heavy quarks can contribute
at LO if they can overcome the  $(m^2/Q^2)$ suppression. This is why the
prediction of $F_L$ into the low $Q^2$ region as measured in
Figure~\ref{fig:FL} is such a theoretical challenge.
This raises  a number of questions:
What is the flavor composition of $F_L$?
Where are the heavy quark contributions important?

In Figure~\ref{fig:FLrat} we display
the fractional contributions to the structure functions
$F_L^i/F_L$ vs.  $Q$.
We observe that for
large $x$ and low $Q$ the heavy flavor contributions are minimal. For
example, in Figure~\ref{fig:FLrat}-a) at
$Q \sim $ 5~GeV
we see the  $u$-quark structure
function $F_L^u$
comprises $\sim80\%$ of the total, $F_L^d$ is about 10\%, and
the $s$, $c$ and $b$ quarks divide the remaining fraction.

At smaller $x$ values the picture changes and the heavy quarks
are more prominent.
In Figure~\ref{fig:FLrat}-b) for  $Q \sim 2 ~ GeV$
we see the  $u$-quark structure
function $F_L^u$
comprises $\sim55\%$,  $F_L^d$ and $F_L^s$ are both  about 20\%, and
the $c$ and $b$ quarks make up the small remaining fraction.
However,   $F_L^c$ increases quickly as $Q$ increases and
is comparable to  $F_L^u$ ($\sim40\%$) for   $Q \sim 20 ~ GeV$.
Additionally, for  large $Q \sim 100 ~ GeV$
we see the contributions of the $u$-quark and $c$-quark
are comparable, the $d$-quark
and $s$-quark are comparable, and the relative sizes of the
$u,c$\,  to $d,s$\,  terms are proportional to their couplings: 4/9 to 1/9.
Thus, for low $x$ and intermediate to large $Q$ values
we see that the quark masses (aside from the top)
no longer play a prominent role and we
approach the limit of \hbox{``flavor democracy.''}

\section*{Concluding Remarks}

We reviewed a number of recent developments regarding the extraction
and application of heavy quark Parton Distribution Functions (PDFs).
The high precision HERA measurements were essential in developing and
refining the theoretical treatment of the heavy quarks.  Even though
the accelerator facility stopped operation four years ago, the
analysis of the data continues.
The results of these analyses will provide the foundation upon which
future PDF analyses will be built, and the advances of the
experimental analysis and theoretical tools developed at HERA will
continue to influence future hadronic studies including those now
beginning at the LHC.

\subsection*{Acknowledgment}

We thank
M.~Botje,
A.~M.~Cooper-Sarkar,
A.~Glazov,
C.~Keppel,
J.~G.~Morf\'{\i}n,
P.~Nadolsky,
J.~F.~Owens,
V.~A.~Radescu,
and
M.~Tzanov
for valuable discussions,
and we acknowledge the
hospitality of CERN, DESY, Fermilab, and Les Houches where
a portion of this work was performed.
F.I.O thanks the Galileo Galilei Institute for Theoretical Physics for
their hospitality and the INFN for partial
support during the completion of this work.
This work was partially supported
by the U.S.\ Department of Energy under grant DE-FG02-04ER41299,
and the Lightner-Sams Foundation.
The work of J.~Y.~Yu was supported
by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) through grant No.~YU~118/1-1.
The work of K.~Kova\v{r}\'{\i}k was supported by the ANR projects
ANR-06-JCJC-0038-01 and ToolsDMColl, BLAN07-2-194882.
F.I.O. is grateful to DESY Hamburg and MPI Munich for their
organization and support of the Ringberg Workshop.

\nocite{*}
\bibliographystyle{elsarticle-num}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


In this masterful first book of original poems, Iain Galbraith explores how people's actions and experiences shape not only their own lives but the world around them. His poems are full of sharp observations and a level of detail which ground the reader in whichever world he presents, and while the settings vary from the mundane to the epic the language never fails to retain a sense of the fantastical. Through his words Galbraith is able to to take us on an emotional journey through love, grief, hope and discontent. After years of experience writing and translating poetry, The True Height of the Ear acts as evidence of Galbraith's comfort in writing in a variety of different styles, creating a book of poems which consistently entice his readers.


text:
23-й национальный чемпионат Казахстана по футболу, в котором приняли участие 12 клубов. Турнир проводился с 15 марта по 16 ноября 2014 года.

Этот сезон должен был стать последним в истории чемпионатов Казахстана, которые проходили по системе «весна-осень».

Чемпионский титул защищал «Актобе» (Актобе).

По итогам прошлого сезона Премьер-лигу покинули «Акжайык» (Уральск) и «Восток» (Усть-Каменогорск). Вместо них в этом чемпионате участвовали «Кайсар» (Кызылорда) и «Спартак» (Семей).

Регламент

2 этапа
Чемпионат проводился в 2 этапа.

На первом этапе клубы сыграли традиционный двухкруговой турнир из 22 туров (каждая команда провела по 2 матча — по одному дома и в гостях).

На втором этапе клубы разделились на 2 группы. Первые 6 команд по итогам первого этапа сыграли между собой в 2 круга, разыграв места с 1-го по 6-е.

Остальные 6 клубов также сыграли между собой в 2 круга, разыграв места с 7-го по 12-е.

При этом очки, набранные командами на первом этапе, сохранились. После формирования групп, очки, набранные каждым клубом на первом этапе, делятся пополам.

В случае, если команда набрала нечётное количество очков, округление производится в большую сторону до целого числа.

Участие лучших команд в еврокубках
По состоянию на начало чемпионата квота Казахстана на участие в еврокубках была следующей:

Эти позиции не окончательные. Они могут меняться по итогам розыгрыша Кубка Казахстана-2014, а также в зависимости от того, какие команды и из каких стран выиграют Лигу чемпионов и Лигу Европы-2014/2015. Итоговое распределение мест в еврокубках см. ниже.

Участники чемпионата
 Состав участников чемпионата определяется Исполкомом.
 Количественный состав чемпионата — 12 клубов.
 Команда, занявшая по итогам чемпионата 12-е место, в сезоне-2015 будет выступать в Первой лиге, ей на смену придет победитель Первой лиги 2014 года.
 Клуб, который занял 11-е место, сыграл переходный матч со второй командой Первой лиги.
 Клубы, завоевавшие право по итогам сезона выступать в чемпионате и отказавшиеся от данного права, могут быть заменены другими командами по решению Исполкома.

Определение мест в случае равенства очков
В соответствии с Регламентом чемпионата, в случае равенства очков у двух и более команд их места в турнирной таблице во время проведения чемпионата определяются по следующим критериям:
 Количество побед во всех матчах;
 Разность забитых и пропущенных мячей во всех матчах;
 Количество забитых мячей во всех матчах;
 Количество мячей, забитых на чужих полях во всех матчах.

В случае равенства очков у двух и более команд их места (кроме первого) в итоговой таблице определяются по следующим критериям:
 Количество побед во всех матчах;
 Результаты очных встреч (очки, победы, разность мячей, голы, голы на чужом поле);
 Разность забитых и пропущенных мячей во всех матчах;
 Количество забитых мячей во всех матчах;
 Количество мячей, забитых на чужих полях во всех матчах.
При абсолютном равенстве всех указанных показателей места команд в итоговой таблице определяются жребием.

В случае равенства очков в итоговой таблице чемпионата у двух команд, набравших их наибольшее количество, чемпион определяется в дополнительном матче между этими клубами.

В случае равенства очков более чем у двух команд, чемпион определяется по стандартным критериям в турнирной таблице, указанным выше, за исключением жребия.

При абсолютном равенстве всех этих показателей чемпион определяется в дополнительном турнире данных клубов.

Требования к составам команд
 Для участия в чемпионате каждая команда вправе заявить до 25 футболистов независимо от возраста.
 Каждый клуб вправе заявить не более 7 легионеров, а на поле может быть не более 5 из них.
 Легионер не должен быть старше 1984 года рождения.
Примечание: Настоящее требование не распространяется на легионеров, которые принимали участие в официальных матчах в составе своих национальных сборных команд в последнем отборочном цикле/финальном турнире чемпионатов мира и/или соответствующих Конфедераций.

Также требование не распространяется на легионеров, имеющих действующий трудовой договор, срок действия которого включает в себя участие в чемпионате или Первой лиге сезона 2013 года.
 На протяжении всего матча чемпионата в составе команды на поле должен находиться как минимум один игрок в возрасте не старше 1992 года рождения, являющегося гражданином Республики Казахстан.

Периоды регистрации игроков
Регистрационные периоды, то есть сроки, в которые разрешается переход игроков из команды в команду и заявка новых игроков, установлены следующим образом:
 с 11 января по 3 апреля 2014 года;
 с 11 июня по 8 июля 2014 года.

Молодёжный турнир
Параллельно с основным чемпионатом проводился турнир молодёжных команд. Каждый клуб-участник чемпионата выставляет молодёжную команду, состоящую из игроков не старше 1993 года рождения.

Матчи молодёжных команд проводятся, как правило, накануне матчей взрослых команд или в тот же день перед матчем взрослых команд.

Участники

Изменения
По итогам сезона-2014 Премьер-лигу покинули:
 «Восток» (Усть-Каменогорск) — 11-е место
 «Акжайык» (Уральск) — 12-е место

Из Первой лиги квалифицировались:
 «Кайсар» (Кызылорда) — 1-е место
 «Спартак» (Семей) — 2-е место

Стадионы

География соревнования

Тренеры, капитаны, поставщики формы и спонсоры

Итоговые таблицы

Первый этап

Лидеры чемпионата

2-е место по ходу чемпионата

3-е место по ходу чемпионата

Распределение мест по турам

Результаты матчей

Второй этап

Турнир за 1-6-е места

 * Выходит в еврокубки, так как серебряный и бронзовый призёры чемпионата также являются финалистами Кубка Казахстана-2014</small>.
В скобках указано количество очков без деления пополам.

Лидеры чемпионата

2-е место по ходу чемпионата

3-е место по ходу чемпионата

Распределение мест по турам

Результаты матчей

Курсивом выделен технический результат.

Турнир за 7-12-е места

 * С «Тобола» снято 3 очка.
В скобках указано количество очков без деления пополам.

Распределение мест по турам

Результаты матчей

Переходный матч

Статистика сезона

Бомбардиры

* в скобках — голы, забитые с пенальти.

Вратари

ГП — всего пропущено голов, М — количество матчей, М0 — Матчей на ноль, ЗИ — пропущено голов за игру.

Рекорды в чемпионате

Голы
 Самая крупная победа хозяев (+6):
 06/07/2014 «Кайрат» 7:1 «Актобе»

 Самая крупная победа гостей (+4):
 29/03/2014 «Тараз» 1:5 «Шахтёр»

 Наибольшее количество голов в одном матче, забитых одной командой (7):
 06/07/2014 «Кайрат» 7:1 «Актобе»

 Наибольшее число голов в одном матче (8):
 22/06/2014 «Астана» 5:3 «Иртыш»
 06/07/2014 «Кайрат» 7:1 «Актобе»

Посещаемость
 Наибольшее количество зрителей (13 500):
 28/05/2014 «Актобе» 0:0 «Атырау»

 Наименьшее количество зрителей (800):
 19/10/2014 «Атырау» 1:0 «Жетысу»

Лучшие футболисты

Футболист месяца

Итоговые таблицы турниров молодёжных команд

Первый этап (Турнир дублирующих составов)

Второй этап (Кубок ПФЛ)

Группа 1

Группа 2

Финал

Примечания

Ссылки
 Регламент Чемпионата Республики Казахстан по футболу среди клубов Премьер-Лиги на 2014 год
 Страница Первой лиги на сайте ПФЛ

2014
Казахстан
Футбол в Казахстане в 2014 году

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Embellished lace flower girl dress.
Wedding dress and matching embellished lace flower girl dress.
Flower girl wedding dresses complement your bridal gown. If you want a look that unifies the littlest member of your wedding party, you'll clearly want one trait that's similar to the brides. The same fabric, the same colors, the same basic pattern. Create a connection but still look somewhat unique from each other. This bride is matching her Slim A-line gown with embellished lace.
Buy a beautiful lace flower girl dress that compliments the Bride.
ivory lace flower girl dress lace embellished bodice Hand appliques and beading give a dress that extra detail that takes it to spectacular. Our dresses feature appliqués arranged and attached by hand.
This bride wanted to match her Slim A-line gown with embellished lace.


text:
Question: How Do You Name A Song?
Is it legal to name a song after a celebrity?
Can you get sued for writing a song about someone?
How do you do MLA headings?
What is the least popular song in the world?
Whats a good title for a song?
Can you name a song after a person?
How do you write a hit song?
What is the most common song title?
How do you write a song title in a sentence?
How do you think of an album name?
What is the most viewed song?
Which is the correct format for the title of a song?
Can you mention brands in a song?
What are the top 10 songs of all time?
Is it legal to name a song after a celebrity.
If your song is a lovely ode to them, they'll either feel flattered or feel uncomfortable (based on the wording of the lyrics or the sound of the music).
It'll certainly be illegal if its purpose is defamation of character..
Can you be sued for the song you've written? A song can be like a memoir. You may be writing autobiographically, but you're also telling a bit of someone else's story. … If someone objects to a characterization in one of your songs, they could pursue legal action against you.
Double space between the title and the first line of the text. Create a header in the upper right-hand corner that includes your last name, followed by a space with a page number. Number all pages consecutively with Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, 4, etc.), one-half inch from the top and flush with the right margin.
The 10 Worst Songs of All Time1. ' MacArthur Park' by Richard Harris (1968)2. ' Afternoon Delight' by Starland Vocal Band (1976)3. ' Muskrat Love' by Captain and Tennille (1976)4. ' Sussudio' by Phil Collins (1985)5. ' We Built This City' by Starship (1985)6. ' Achy Breaky Heart' by Billy Ray Cyrus (1992)7. ' What's Up?' … 8. 'More items…•
Song TitlesWalking Home.Say It to Me Softly.What's Stopping You?In My Arms Tonight.Touch the Moon.Never!Racing to Somewhere.Blue Waters.More items…
Longer answer: There's nothing CRIMINAL about putting a person's name in a song title or lyrics. … While the legal standard for libel and slander against a 'public figure' requires a VERY high standard of evidence, there COULD be liability for use of their name / likeness without permission, or similar.
Whistle your melodies. Long before people were writing lyrics, they were already stomping their feet, clapping their hands and chanting away. … Learn melodic essentials. … Get to know the pop world. … Prepare before writing. … Evoke Emotion. … Repeat yourself. … Get those hooks out. … Collaborate.More items…•
Though it's not the most common song title ever for a top 10 hit on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, "Rockstar" is the most common title in the 21st century, as DaBaby's song by that name, featuring Roddy Ricch, debuts at No. 9 on the survey dated May 2.
Generally and grammatically speaking, put titles of shorter works in quotation marks but italicize titles of longer works. (For example, put a "song title" in quotation marks but italicize the title of the CD it appears on.)
8 Great Ideas for Naming Your Album When You're StumpedSong name from the album. This is the most common way to go. … Self-titled. … One of the hooks from the album. … A lyric or song that was cut. … The overall theme of the album. … Something representative of the artwork. … An event, person, or place that inspired the album. … Something representative of where/when you recorded.
Despacito"Despacito," Luis Fonsi and Daddy Yankee's smash collaboration that was inescapable at its peak in 2017, currently holds the title as the most-watched music video on YouTube, boasting more than seven billion views at the time of publication (for reference, the Earth has a population of 7.5 billion).
Typically, album titles are italicized, just like book titles, journal titles, or movie titles. Song titles are enclosed in quotation marks, as is often the case with poem titles, book chapter titles, or article titles.
Of course you can mention a brand name in a song. Grounds for the brand owners to sue would be limited to libel and disparaging the brand. So unless you are making claims about the brand that are false or espousing a negative point of view in the song, there is no problem at all.
The Best Songs Of All Time—According To Critics And Fans'Imagine' — John Lennon. Getty Images.'Hey Jude' — The Beatles. … '(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction' — The Rolling Stones. … 'Yesterday' — The Beatles. … 'Good Vibrations' — The Beach Boys. … 'Smells Like Teen Spirit' — Nirvana. … 'Johnny B. … 'I Want To Hold Your Hand' — The Beatles. … More items…•
Quick Answer: Does Luke Bryan Have A Tattoo On His Ring Finger?
What happened to Luke Bryan's sister and brother in law?
Question: Why Doesn'T Netflix Have All Seasons Of The Game?
Where can I watch all the seasons of the game?
Quick Answer: How Much Does A 2020 Bentley Convertible Cost?
Are Bentleys reliable? Bentley Continental GT reliability
How Many GB Is 2500 Songs?
How many songs fit on 1tb? 200,000 songsAssuming that
Can Everyone Buy Rolls Royce Car?
Do Rolls Royce depreciate? 8 They Depreciate Quickly

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Krisanda's knuckle curve sends Rebels to 13U title
By DN WRITING STAFF | July 19, 2022
Shawn Torpey gets set at the plate for the Connecticut Rangers in Mid-Summer Classic.
By Joe Hofmann
Pitches leave Jadon Krisanda's right hand and then, somewhere between the mound and home plate, the adventure begins.
Try and follow along. Opposing hitters sure couldn't on Sunday night.
The pitch starts up here …
…and lands down here.
The NJ Rising Rebels rode it all the way to the White Pool championship with a 5-3 victory over the CT Rangers at the 13U Mid-Summer Classic.
Krisanda's go-to pitch is a knuckle curve. It dips, dives, dances, and most importantly, Krisanda can throw it for strikes. He fanned eight in six-plus innings of work, walking three. He relied mostly on his fastball but broke out the knuckle curve when he needed it most.
"My 11-U coach (Mike Kane) taught all of us," Krisanda said.
Krisanda has taken the pitch to the next level. He has now pitched the Rebels to three straight tournament titles, including two at Diamond Nation.
"He throws strikes and has great control," coach Andrew Mount said. "He's a bulldog. He never wants to come out of a game."
Krisanda gave up a run in the first inning and two in the fourth. In the second, he allowed a Shawn Torpey single, two stolen bases, and Kieran Garrity's RBI groundout.
In the third, Krisanda gave up a leadoff walk to Torpey, Jack Mariani reached on an infield error, and Jacob Pardalis had a two-run single to tie the game at 3-3.
In the bottom of the third, the Rebels took the lead when Andrew Young, Will Sassmann, and Eric Hokenburg — the team's Nos. 10, 11 and 12 batters — reached on walks to load the bases. One out later, Brayden Fry turned an outfield misplay into a three bases, scoring three runs.
After the Rangers tied the game, the Rebels scored two more to go ahead for good.
Finn O'Loughlin walked to lead off and came in on an outfield misplay that went for a double by Connor McNally. After Holden Cohn walked, Kyle McBride reached on an infield hit for another run.
Five runs was enough. The only time Krisanda had trouble throwing was — oddly enough — when he was forced to make a routine throw to first base to lead off the seventh inning.
Jadon Krisanda guided the NJ Rising Rebels to the 13U Mid-Summer Classic championship.
Torpey led off the inning with a comebacker. Krisanda turned to throw to first baseman Will Sassmann and the poor throw got away from Sassmann. Mount had told Krisanda before the inning that if he allowed a baserunner, he was going to the bullpen. So after 95 pitches, Mount took out Krisanda and replaced him with hard-throwing lefty Curt Friedrich, who fanned the side and walked two to finish off the game.
Krisanda pitched the Rebels to a spring tournament title at Diamond Nation, as well. He also pitched the team to a USABL tournament title in Woodbridge this summer.
The Rebels, out of Morristown, N.J., went 4-0 during the tournament over the weekend, beating the Pennsylvania Rebels in the semifinals, 3-0.
"So we won two dogfights," Mount said. "I'm proud of these boys."
The team will head down to Baseball at the Beach in Delaware next week and will compete in the USABL World Series in Toms River later on this summer.
The team allowed just four runs all weekend because of its stellar pitching and defense.
"I just try to throw strikes," Krisanda said. "I know I have a great defense behind me, so I'm not afraid to put the ball in play."
Rachel More
You are a Rockstar Jadon Krisanda I am so proud of you each and everyday. You will achieve everything you put your mind too. Shoot for the stars. Can't wait to see you play in the pros one day!
Nancy More
I couldn't be more proud of you Jadon Krisanda all your hard work is paying off keep that bulldog spirit you earned it and don't let anyone take that away from you… keep your goals high and hold your head higher!


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Living with fibromyalgia is extremely difficult, as millions of patients around the world can attest. The fact that physical and emotional pain is not visible to others can often make it even more difficult. Fibromyalgia is known as an "invisible disease" because painful and often debilitating side effects are often not visible to others.
A person with fibromyalgia may look good outdoors, but suffer from excruciating pain inside. Understanding this fact is important for those looking to support a friend or family member of someone with fibromyalgia.
While it is often difficult to find words to support and hope for those who suffer from fibromyalgia, here is a list of 5 things that certainly does not mean that someone has fibromyalgia. We do not think we can say anything better than one of these 5 things.
This comment shows a complete lack of understanding of invisible diseases. Not all serious illnesses are accompanied by obvious symptoms, such as being in a wheelchair. People with fibromyalgia have often learned coping mechanisms and can use their limited energy every day to try to be more normal to others. But the pain is still there. And even referring to a person with fibromyalgia, they claim to be able to compromise.
Uh, no … it's not. The vast majority of those suffering from fibromyalgia would do anything to regain their independence and ability to work full time.
The suggestion that it was not possible to work was a choice or that they are just lazy, are incredibly insulting.
You have already heard the evil. The cause of fibromyalgia is still being studied and the many researches are based on other health problems due to a lack of historical understanding. But that does not mean it's less real for nearly 6 million people with fibromyalgia in the United States.
Fibromyalgia was officially recognized as a true disease in the United States last year, when it received its own diagnostic code and has been recognized for many years by the FDA's social services and the National Security Administration.
If it was that simple In fact, many patients with fibromyalgia push the limits of their physical abilities by getting up and taking a shower every day.
Many find relief in yoga or other light aerobic exercise. But often, the type of effort associated with training is not an opportunity.
We kept the worst for last. In fact, no, not everything is in my head. Pain and fatigue are present throughout the body, and sometimes I feel that even my hair hurts! Yes, it's so bad and the fact that you can not see my pain does not mean it's not a physical condition. Stress, anxiety and depression can aggravate all the symptoms of chronic pain, but do not cause pain.
If you have come here, it is likely that you have fibromyalgia or that someone really wants to understand fibromyalgia to support someone they love. Soft tongs for you if you are the first and grateful if you are the last.


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Q: Kafka 2.0 - Kafka Connect Sink - Creating a Kafka Producer We are currently on HDF (Hortonworks Dataflow) 3.3.1 which bundles Kafka 2.0.0 and are trying to use Kafka Connect in distributed mode to launch a Google Cloud PubSub Sink connector.
We are planning on sending back some metadata into a Kafka Topic and need to integrate a Kafka producer into the flush() function of the Sink task java code.
Would this have a negative impact on the process where Kafka Connect commits back the offsets to Kafka (as we would be adding a overhead of running a Kafka producer before the flush).
Also, how does Kafka Connect get the Bootstrap servers list from the configuration when it is not specified in the Connector Properties for either the sink or the source? I need to use the same Bootstrap server list to start the producer.
Currently I am changing the config for the sink connector, adding bootstrap server list as a property and parsing it in the Java code for the connector. I would like to use bootstrap server list from the Kafka Connect worker properties if that is possible.
Kindly help on this.
Thanks in advance.

A:
need to integrate a Kafka producer into the flush() function of the Sink task java code

There is no producer instance exposed in the SinkTask API...

Would this have a negative impact on the process where Kafka Connect commits back the offsets to Kafka (as we would be adding a overhead of running a Kafka producer before the flush).

I mean, you can add whatever code you want. As far as negative impacts go, that's up to you to benchmark on your own infrastructure. Obviously adding more blocking code makes the other processes slower overall

how does Kafka Connect get the Bootstrap servers list from the configuration when it is not specified in the Connector Properties for either the sink or the source?

Sinks and sources are not workers. Look at connect-distributed.properties

I would like to use bootstrap server list from the Kafka Connect worker properties if that is possible

It's not possible. Adding extra properties to the sink/source configs are the only way. (Feel free to make a Kafka JIRA requesting such a feature of exposing the worker configs, though)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


1st Round Pick Jarvis Jones should be back on the field Sunday vs the Oakland Raiders. Jones who miss this past Sunday's game against the Ravens due to a concussion, is symptom free and was a full participant in today's practice.
The 24 year old rookie has 19 tackles, no sacks and no forced fumbles in five games this season. From a pass rushing the standpoint, the production from Jones and Jason Worilds has disappointing as the two have combined for 1 sack this season with Worilds having the only sack of the two which came against the Jets in Week 6.
Worilds had 3 tackles vs the Ravens in his second start this season.
Elsewhere inside the linebacker corps, Lawerence Timmons is fine heading into this week despite having a broken left hand. Timmons was a full participant today.
The star linebacker was credited with 20 tackles vs the Ravens from the coaches who keep their own stats.


The amount of employees that wouldn't get transferred would be an extremely small number.
I had to let my employees go. There were four of them.
We finally have established that there will be no runaway use of contract employees.
As you get below 20 employees, IP technology is difficult.
We understand that this issue is very important to our employees and to our customers.
We're really happy that people have accepted us and welcomed us here. Our employees are our family.
If management cannot identify what their employees do and do not know, how can they support them to do their job effectively?
It's a matter of employees working right now.
This is a large chunk of the employees' income.
If there was no discrimination in the application of the law, we would have no problem with it. But if it is there is no uniform application, then our employees and our customers are being treated unfairly.
I think it will be good for Alabama, Russell shareholders and Russell employees.
This (deal) will bring significant benefits to customers, shareholders and employees.
We're grieving for our employees, our customers, their families and their loved ones.
I believe this union provides major benefits for our customers, employees and shareholders.
Northwest employees should not pick up an inordinate amount of the fuel costs.


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En 1990, Madonna, au sommet de sa carrière, sort son premier best of . Cette compilation, gigantesque succès commercial, avec 8 millions de ventes aux U.S.A l'année de sa sortie, est devenue le disque le plus vendu de l'histoire de Madonna, avec environ 35 millions de copies vendues à travers le monde.

On trouve sur cette compilation deux titres inédits, Justify My Love (coproduit par Lenny Kravitz) dont la vidéo sulfureuse de Jean-Baptiste Mondino sera censurée puis vendue en VHS, et Rescue Me (coproduit par Shep Pettibone, futur collaborateur sur l'album Erotica). Le best of contient également une version edit de Crazy for you, une chanson de 1985 issue du film Vision Quest.

Liste des titres

Notes

 Toutes les pistes ont été remixées à l'aide de la technologie , à l'exception de  et .
 Ingrid Chavez a attaqué Lenny Kravitz en justice en  car elle avait déclaré qu'elle avait co-écrit , sans recevoir de crédit. L'affaire fut réglée à l'amiable l'année suivante.

Singles
 Justify My Love
 Rescue Me

Classements

Ventes
Estimations globales aujourd'hui : 35 000 000 (c'est le disque le plus vendu de Madonna, le deuxième est son album True Blue avec 25 000 000 de copies vendues)

Estimations , l'année de sa  sortie :
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Voir aussi
 Liste des albums musicaux les plus vendus

Notes et références

Album de Madonna
Compilation musicale sortie en 1990
Album produit par Nile Rodgers
Album publié par Sire Records
Album numéro un en Australie
Album numéro un au Canada
Album numéro un en Irlande
Album numéro un au Mexique
Album numéro un au Royaume-Uni
Album certifié disque de diamant en France
Album certifié triple disque d'or en Allemagne
Album certifié duodécuple disque de platine au Royaume-Uni
Album certifié duodécuple disque de platine en Australie
Album certifié disque de platine en Autriche
Album certifié septuple disque de platine au Canada
Album certifié disque de platine au Danemark
Album certifié triple disque de platine en Espagne


marvel comic heroes answers, solutions, tips and walkthroughs. game available on iphone, ipod, ipad, kindle and android. by scimob.
for a full synopsis of this comic, please see the original publishing of this comic in incredible hulk#. hulk.
notable events of in comics. see also list of years in comics. contents. [hide]. events . hero, published by marvel comics, is canceled with issue #. december : marvel comics purchases distributor heroes world distribution.


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Where am I? > Home > Travel Insurance Quotes > Medical Travel Insurance > Distance to equator ups asthma risk
Distance to equator ups asthma risk
A new study suggests that being closer to the equator can bring on allergies and asthma
The American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (ACAAI) has claimed that living near the equator increases the risk of developing allergies and asthma. Past studies have linked latitude to airborne allergens because of climate, housing and cultural differences but the lead author of the latest research, Vicka Oktaria, MPH, says that "UV-B rays exposure is higher" and that rise could be "linked to vitamin D".
ACAAI president and allergist Richard Weber, MD, says that allergies and asthma "can be life-threatening" and that only emphasises the importance of asthma travel insurance and medical travel insurance, particularly for those travelling near the equator.
The new study, which has been the February issue of Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, is among the first to use latitude location and UV-B exposure to look at the link between allergy and asthma and the ACAAI says around 75 to 85 per cent of asthmatics have an allergy.