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Posted on June 14, 2017 June 17, 2017 by leonard sisyphus mann
What follows emerges from the confluence of two earlier essays on ConsentingA̶d̶u̶l̶t̶s̶Humans. Ideally the reader should (re)familarise him or herself with these before plunging into what follows.
In the first of these tributary essays, Dr Cantor & the Case of the Extrapolated Equivalence, I summarise Dr Cantor's research on paedophile offenders, and investigate some general problems with his approach.
The second tributary essay – Stigma and Paedophilia – the Early Years – concerns itself with the effects of stigma on the self-image, mental health, social life and education of young people coming to terms with the fact that they are paedophiles whilst still undergoing compulsory education.
What follows develops the general critique of the first essay by focusing on Cantor's claim that brain-functioning deficiencies in his sample of paedophile offenders can best be explained by a genetic or gestational aetiology. I particularly focus on his use of what he calls 'grade failure' (poor school performance) as a covariate of adult brain functioning.
Cantor has been stigma-blind with respect to paedophiles. This stigma-blindness is not only prospective (meaning that once a paedophile has offended any prejudice or discrimination they subsequently experience is not 'stigma' but 'justice' ) but is retrospective (meaning that once a paedophile has offended any stigma they experienced before offending becomes 'justice' not 'stigma').
This stigma-blindess has caused the methodological flaws this essay identifies. Granted, a detached attitude to the subjects one is studying is laudable and helps one keep a clear head. But the methodological blundering revealed in what follows should be a lesson to researchers: contempt for those you study can blind you to the obvious just as much as can compassion.
Moreover the fact that fellow scientists and peer reviewers have not picked up on these errors shows how eager they have been to approve any old shit, provided it dehumanises us.
Many words and phrases in what follows (offender, offence, victim) should really be enclosed in scare quotes. A profusion of scare quotes makes for uncomfortable reading so I have left it to the reader to accept or reject the implications of loaded words as and when they occur.
An overview of Cantor's research on intelligence in paedophile offenders
Cantor recruited volunteers for all his 'paedophile' studies from the Kurt Freund Laboratory at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, in Toronto, Canada. The Kurt Freund Laboratory provides evaluation services to male patients referred as a result of illegal or clinically significant sexual behaviours. The primary source of their referrals is correctional institutions, parole and probation officers, children's protective societies, with physicians and lawyers providing others.
Cantor used empirical means – including phallometric tests, interviews, the details of their offense, and past criminal records to sort these 'volunteers' into the categories of paedophile, hebephile or teleiophile. [paragraph added 17/06/2017].
In 2004 Cantor published a study (Intelligence, Memory, and Handedness in Pedophilia – 2004) which measured the rates of right-handedness, short and long-term memory and IQ in samples of teleiophile, hebephile and paedophile offenders.
All previous studies on paedophile offenders had hitherto used men from the general population as control groups. But in this study Cantor used teleiophiles convicted of sex-offenses against adults. This was in order to eliminate general criminality, or the sexual nature of the offenses, as explanations for any anomalies detected in his paedophile sample.
He found that rates of right-handedness, short and long-term memory, and IQ all progressively decreased as one tracked the continuum of chronophilias backwards (teleiophilia -> hebephilia -> paedophilia).
In 2005 Cantor published two papers that confirmed the 2004 paper's findings concerning IQ (Quantitative Reanalysis of Aggregate Data on IQ in Sexual Offenders – 2005) and handedness (Handedness in Pedophilia and Hebephilia – 2005). In this research 30% of his sample of paedophiles were left-handed. Normally about 10% of the general population are left-handed. Apparently, the only other group that display such a high level of left-handedness are the schizophrenic.
But Cantor realised that intelligence and memory deficiencies in paedophile offenders could be explained by environmental factors: upbringing, background, trauma, disease. They also could also be a result of selection bias – offenders who were less intelligent and/or who had poorer memories being more likely to get caught and end up in his sample.
But handedness is a characteristic that establishes itself before birth – the foetus already showing a tendency to suck the thumb of its dominant hand. Nor is handedness likely to lead to selection bias: it is hard to imagine how being left-handed could predispose an offender to being caught.
This suggested to Cantor that whatever was going wrong in the brains of paedophiles must have its origins early in the brain's development.
Cantor then sought to ascertain whether the brain deficiencies he was finding in his samples of paedophile offenders were gestational or a result of environmental influences. The best way to do this would have been to compare the current IQ scores of his samples with their childhood IQ scores.
But childhood IQ scores did not exist for his sample. So Cantor used the next best thing: academic career.
"grade failure and identification as having special education needs during primary or secondary education [are] indicators of early developmental pathology"
(Grade Failure and Special Education Placement in SexualOffenders' Educational Histories – 2006)
This study revealed the now-familiar pattern of diminishing brain-function along teleio-hebe-paedo continuum. Paedophile offenders having the most 'grade failure' – twice as much as teleiophilic non-offenders.
(note the bias behind Cantor's naming of the categories in the table to the right. He refers to 'teleiophilic sexual offenders', but does not use the word 'offenders' for either hebephiles or paedophiles. Instead he uses the word 'men', implicitly generalising from 'offenders' to 'paedophiles in general', regardless of whether they have offended or not).
For Cantor this provided strong evidence that the reduced brain-functioning he was picking up in his samples of paedophile offenders was not down to environmental or psycho-social factors, but was gestational or genetic. For if paedophiles were showing reduced brain-functioning in childhood – this could not be attributed to their being paedophiles, or being sex-offenders or having entered the criminal justice system.
Cantor doesn't give a detailed breakdown of the IQ tests he conducted for the 'Grade Failure' paper. However he does give one for the earlier 'Intelligence, Memory, and Handedness in Pedophilia' paper. Here is a table summarising those results:
I'll slap my inadequacies on the table and invite you to get the ruler out: I'm no statistician and most of the above table means nothing to me. But what I think I can take from it is that the average IQ of his sample of adult paedophile offenders was eight points below that of teleiophile sex offenders and ten points below the average of 100.
Paedophiles having ten IQ-points fewer than average hardly explains them having twice as much 'grade failure'.
I have worked with children in special education. Children rarely undergo special education measures simply because of low intelligence. There are usually there for other problems – social, familial, behavioural, cultural, linguistic, motivational, school phobia &c
I myself realised I was a paedophile quite late in my schooling: at 16: the average 'Age of Onset' (to use the scientific term) for paedophilia.
I had as pleasant and easy an 'onset' as I could wish anyone, with supportive friends and a family background in critical thinking that prepared me to make sense of what I was going through.
Yet, I am aware that from the moment I realised I was a paedophile my academic career was negatively affected. Indeed, not only did I not make it into the university my parents and teachers had me earmarked for, but at the end of my first year I had to change university after an unwise 'coming out'.
In short I suspect that brain-funtioning deficiencies are far from the only explanation for 'grade failure'.
the paradox of the paedophile child
In the section headed 'The Onset of Stigma' of my previous essay I argue that we can postulate ages at which it is possible to first realise that one has a particular chronophilia. Depending on the nature of the desire, this age can be very young, well anterior to puberty.
However, Society is reluctant to attribute sexuality to prepubescents. A child of 9 who engages in intimacy with a child of 3 will be thought of as doing so out of curiosity, experimentation, or because they have been in some way corrupted. Any motivation that does not imply sexuality will do. Once into puberty, once the child can be acknowledged as 'sexual', the same behaviour will be labelled as 'paedophilic'.
This means that children as young as 11 can be labeled paedophiles if those to whom they are attracted are significantly younger than themselves.
All the statistics I have found suggest that the average 'Age of Onset' of paedophilia lies somewhere between the ages of fifteen and seventeen (B M Cash, S Tozdan & P Briken).
Closer to home: a poll conducted of members of the 'Visions of Alice' forum found that of the 54 members who participated 33 (=61%) realised they were paedophiles between the ages of 10 and 17, one fifth of this sample knowing they were paedophiles before the age of 13.
All of which suggests that at least half of us realise we are paedophiles at 16 or under. This means tthat in most western countries they were still undergoing compulsory education.
Consequently it is likely that half of the 'grade failures' reported by Cantor's sample of adult paedophile offenders took place when they already knew or suspected that they were paedophiles, and would be experiencing the concomitant stigma. Indeed some of them may have been experiencing stigma right from the onset of puberty, at the start of their secondary education.
sexual stigma & grade failure
There is probably no stigma more intense than that associated with paedophilia. Even if the individual manages to keep their paedophilia secret, 'internalised stigma' (see previous essay) will nevertheless ensure damaging effects.
Moreover the earlier an individual becomes aware of having paedophilic desires the more intense the stigma-damage they are likely to suffer. This is because:
– the individual is more likely to be experiencing desires towards younger children (an 11-year-old who realises they are chronophilic will do so out of a desire for babies, toddlers or young prepubescents; a 17-year-old discovering themselves to be chronophilic could be experiencing less stigmatised desires for older prepubescents or young adolescents.)
– the stigma will have longer to work on their identity and brains,
– the stigma will be working at a period of life when the brain, the personality, the social persona are in flux and highly vulnerable and malleable.
– the stigma will occur at a time when they are less well-equipped to resist stigma, peer pressure and peer influence.
The early adolescent years are characterized by heightened self- and peer regulation regarding especially sexuality norms. During adolescence, youth in general report stronger prejudicial attitudes and more frequent paedophobic behavior at younger ages. Young adolescents may be developmentally susceptible to social exclusion behavior and attitudes, whereas older youth are able to make more sophisticated evaluative judgments regarding human rights, fairness, and prejudice.
('Mental Health in Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) Youth')
These differences in exposure to stigma exacerbate its deleterious effects and will contribute to Cantor's findings of decreased general functioning levels and poorer school records in proportion to the 'youthfulness' of each chronophilia.
I here reproduce some passages from my last essay (plus a couple I didn't include because of word-count constraints). Their original subject was 'LGB youth'. In the absence of research that focuses on paedophile youth I have taken the liberty of substituting the word 'paedophile' for 'LGB'.
[Paedophile] youth were 1.25 to 3 times more likely than their [teleiophilic] peers to receive punishment from schools, police, or courts
"Concerns about their safety have consequences for the academic achievement of [paedophile] youth. Compared with other students, [paedophile] students were more likely to report low grades, to miss school because they felt unsafe, and to report less support from teachers and other adults."
High school students who say they are [paedophile] are two to seven times more likely to attempt suicide.
[Paedophile] youth living in counties with fewer sexual orientation antibullying policies are twice as likely to report past-year suicide attempts than youth living in areas where these policies were more commonplace
[Paedophile]-inclusive curriculums introduce specific historical events, persons, and information about the [Paedophile] community into student learning and have been shown to improve students' sense of safety and feelings of acceptance and to reduce victimization in schools.
"[Paedophile] adults often describe their adolescence as a time when they felt isolated, ashamed and afraid of being discovered that they were different – all of which can have an impact on self-esteem and identity formation."
In addition to the possibility that some (most? all?) of the grade failures reported by the paedophile offenders was caused or aggravated by paedophilia-related stigma, Cantor's grade failure study also contains serious reporting biases that will favour the recall and reporting of grade failures caused by paedophilia-related stigma.
Reporting Biases
Paedophilic Sex Offenders
"in the present investigation, we systematically recorded only whether patients failed any grade(s) or whether they were enrolled in special education classes. Recording which grade(s) the individuals failed or during which grade the individuals were diverted into a special education program could provide additional relevant information."
(Cantor 2006)
The above quotation from Cantor's 'Grade Failure' study makes it clear that when ascertaining rates of grade failure he:
– relied on self-reports,
– asked about the whole duration of compulsory education but did not record when the 'grade failures' occurred, nor distinguished between grade failures that occurred during primary and secondary education.
In Canada, where and when the members of Cantor's sample would have attended school, the school-leaving age was 16. The average age for realising one is a paedophile is 16. This means that half of any population of paedophiles will have known or suspected that they were paedophiles before leaving compulsory education.
Grade failures that occurred later in one's school career (and therefore more recently) will be better remembered than school failure that occurred early in one's childhood. Most adults' memory of their primary education is a vague blur. Not so their secondary education. This will lead to a proportional under-reporting of primary failure and over-reporting of secondary failure – this bias will apply to all four groups in this study, so should, in theory, cancel out.
But paedophilia-related stigma generally occurs after puberty, during secondary education.
Also primary schools have long striven to integrate children undergoing special educational measures within the mainstream. This is easier to do with the integrated curricula and whole-class teaching that takes place in primary schools than it is with the subject-based teaching in secondary school. SEN measures taken in primary school are designed not be noticeable (and are therefore less memorable) whereas those that take place in secondary school are more conspicuous and therefore more memorable.
The visibility and segregation associated with secondary 'Grade Failure' exposes the 'failee' to much more stigma. As does the fact that secondary age students are much more liable to enact social exclusion of stigmatised individuals.
This means that grade failures that occur during secondary schooling are more likely to be remembered and reported than grade failures in primary schooling. Consequently more grade failures that were caused by paedophile-related stigma (which have an almost 100% chance of occurring during secondary schooling) will be remembered and reported, whilst grade failures for other reasons (which have only a 40% chance of occurring during primary schooling) will tend to be under-reported.
Now compare this with the reporting biases associated with other groups Cantor used in this study and whose grade failures were also recorded:
Teleiophilic non-offenders
These will have an 'normal spread' of grade failure across their school career – with no predictable stigma-related increase during secondary education.
Teleiophiic sexual offenders.
There is no indication in the 'Grade Failure' paper as to exactly what offenses this group committed. However the 2004 paper does specify the nature of its teleophilic offender sample:
"Of patients whose known victims were teenagers or adults, 53% had displayed coercive or sadistic sexual behavior. Offenses against teenagers and adults also included the various manifestations of courtship disorder: 24% displayed "hands-off" manifestations (voyeurism, exhibitionism, or obscene telephone calling), and 28% displayed "hands-on" manifestations (toucheurism, frotteurism, or other types of unwanted physical contact)."
Given that the rubric 'Teleiophilic sexual offenders' comprises such a disparate range of impulses and actions it is no simple task to elucidate possible biases associated with the reporting of this group's 'grade failure', or the effect of stigma-damage on their school career.
The 'sadist' is not a stigmatised identity in the same way as is the 'paedophile', or for that matter, the 'homosexual'.
I have often witnessed pupils labeled 'gay' or 'a paedo' for the slightest breaches of unspoken mores. A student has to provide serious evidence of being a sexual sadist before being so labelled. Such a child – unless he or she has actually been convicted or repeatedly accused – will be labelled as a 'bully' or 'troubled', and his deeds as 'harassment', 'youthful misjudgment' or the results of raging hormones.
As to 'Courtship disorders' and 'hands-off manifestations' – in teenagers they are the stuff of bawdy comedy, not of nightmare. A student who exposes him or herself to a peer, or who gropes them, may be subject to rejection and censure, but their act may also be seen as amusing, daring or as a sign of being an alpha male or female. It might also be welcome by its recipient.
Moreover none of these disorders and manifestations are connected to strongly defined identities – compare 'paedo' or 'faggot' to 'toucheur', 'frotteur' or even 'voyeur'. How many secondary school children would be able to say what a 'frotteur' is? And aren't all these acts what everybody would deep-down like to do? Who wouldn't like to indulge in some illicit voyeurism, toucherism or frotteurism with someone they find sexually attractive?
As such, I think these disorders, though problematic, tend to be assimilated into the mainstream of sexual behaviour in the secondary school context – they are considered as 'normal misbehaviour'.
This means that these impulses if not acted out and if kept secret will not generate in the individual anything like the same internalised stigma as experienced by a student coming to terms with paedophilic (or homosexual) desires. There is not a constant barrage of hate and misinformation in the media and popular culture against voyeurs, frotteurs &c.
So, excepting young persons who have actually committed sadistic sexual acts during their schooling, or who have a history of borderline sadistic sexual behaviour, I suspect that most of the behaviours in the 'Teleiophilic Sexual Offender' category are sufficiently within the gravitational pull of normality to avoid stigmatisation or internalised stigmatisation.
Hebephilic sexual offenders.
Seto and Blanchard give the ages of attraction of hebephiles as 11 – 14. I one accepts that a criterion for becoming aware of a chronophilia is that the desirer's age must have pulled away from the age of the desired by a significant margin then the span of secondary schooling provides a very narrow window during which an individual can become aware of having consistently hebephilic desires. Moreover the stigma associated with hebephilia is significantly milder than that associated with paedophila, especially if the desiree is only a few years younger than the desirer. All of which means that hebephiles are likely to have experienced less stigma and milder stigma-related disruption than paedophiles, but more than teleiophiles.
in part 2
Part 2 starts with a summary of part 1; I then explore how Cantor's general research into paedophilia provides an example of Berkson's Paradox or Bias; I consider a paper recently published by Cantor in which he, for the first time, applies the concept of Stigma to paedophiles; I look at a piece of research fresh off the press that confirms some important key-stones of my critique of Cantor, and finally reproduce a very telling letter sent to James Cantor by his research supervisor.
Posted in analysis, researchTagged Brian Martin Cash, chronophilia, hebephilia, James Cantor, Kurt Freund Laborotory, left-handedness, paedophilia, pedophilia, S Tozdan & P Briken, Stigma, teleiophilia, Visions of Alice
Previous Article Stigma and Paedophilia – the Early Years
Next Article Dr Cantor And The Case Of The Missing Stigma – Part Two
7 thoughts on "Dr Cantor And The Case Of The Missing Stigma – Part One"
Norman99 says:
I tried to demonstrate to James Cantor that it would make evolutionary sense for men to have a certain degree of pedophilic interest since it would motivate them to acquire child brides but the man's such a lightweight and it's so difficult to get even simple stuff through to him. Most of it just went over the top of his head.
The basic principle is that girls before puberty have more fertile years ahead of them and will be capable of giving a man more offspring over the long term than older women. In prehistoric times a female's reproductive years were approximately from the mid-teens to the mid-forties. A 30yo women would only have about 15 fertile years left while a 9yo would have all 30 ahead of her. Even though a man would have to wait several years for his 9yo child bride to reach reproductive age he could still expect to get more offspring from her overall than he would from a 30yo. This is why the practice of taking child brides exists and is part of the natural human mating system.
Here's the post:
http://www.sexologytoday.org/2017/06/dear-dr-james-could-certain-amount-of.html
And here's some comments he didn't let through, maybe because they made him realise I'm right.
http://imgur.com/a/DqO9k
thanks for that Norman99, that's an interesting exchange you had there. I think that you are arguing that a non-exclusive paedophile has a reproductive advantage. But it I think Cantor is right to the extent that an exclusive paedophile certainly wouldn't have an advantage.
I'd be interested in digging into the artificiality of the concept of the 'paedophile' – I'd certainly be fascinated to read a history of the concept of paedophilia. I've just finished reading Philippe Ariès's "Centuries of Childhood". This classic is much criticised – but for what it's worth he proposes that childhood, before the 15th Century, ended at about the age of seven, and ended for socio-economic and institutional reasons – largely determined by the nature of education and socialisation back then.
Presumably a man showing sexual interest in a nine-year old girl would not have been thought of as being sexually interest in a child back then. It would not have been 'paedophilia'.
I think society's ideas of childhood have changed very rapidly. I know that it has changed in my own life. I noticed on the younglove forum a discussion of Mark Twain, and learnt that in his posthumously published 'letters for the the Earth' he wrote the following:
"from the time a woman is seven years old till she dies of old age, she is ready for action, and competent. As competent as the candlestick is to receive the candle. Competent every day, competent every night. Also she wants that candle — yearns for it, longs for it, hankers after it, as commanded by the law of God in her heart."
How in tune was this with the world and the society he was living in? I think he wrote them a little over a century ago. It seems that the upper limit of childhood, and also its nature, is very much socially defined – yet Cantor seems to treat them as absolute.
The more I think about it, the more essential it seems that we should have a history of the idea of 'paedophilia' – and, more importantly, a prehistory. I think it would require a brilliant and dedicated historian to do this – I suspect much of the work would be analysing court records.
(BTW – GirlChat seems to be working again)
Explorer says:
For me, it's much easier to reject attempts to degrade human dignity and equality with appeals to (neuro)physiology, because of my immaterialist philosophy which embraces research not just in non-physiological (cultural and social, as in antipsychiatry and critical psychiatry), but even non-physical (psychic and spiritual, as in psrapsychology, transpersonal psychology and near-death studies) aspects of human existence and general reality. The critique of physical / physiological reductionism and determinism is highly developed in circles where I usually dwell.
In my opinion, it's a bit harder to stand against such discriminative research claims being a materialist and an atheist.
You are entitled to your own philosophy, of course, and your attempts to deconstruct Cantor's degrading claims I can only encourage! 🙂
Hal says:
Another confounding factor with IQ: IQ differs by ethnicity. So does cultural acceptance of age-disparate relationships, especially as regards mid-teens. Several ethnicities with an average IQ in the 85-95 range tend to be accepting of hebephilia, but not pedophilia. As such, there are likely to be fewer complaints and therefore fewer arrests of hebephiles in such ethnicities than arrests of pedophiles within the same ethnicities. That means a relative surplus of pedophile prisoners among these lower performing ethnicities.
Yes, Hal, that could be a contributing factor. I'd also add that certain ideologies make for reduced IQ and that those ideologies often promote non-consensual forms of paedophilia.
Concerning ethnicity and IQ – have you listened to Sam Harris's interview with Charles Murray – (in?)famous author of the 'The Bell Curve'?
A. says:
Fantastic piece here, LSM.
I once spent a convalescence collecting a swathe of BL and GL AOAs, together with any other comments that seemed salient, from various chat boards. It appeared to me, eyeballing it, that the average age of realisation was higher for GLs than for BLs, including both paedophiles and hebephiles. Specifically, it looked like the average age for GLs would have been pulled up by those who realised only in their very late teens: among GLs these appeared fairly common (the 15% in your poll) but they appeared pretty rare among BLs. Someday maybe I will sit myself down, sort through this data and do a proper analysis and some nice graphs!
My guess is that if you're a 16-year-old boy who likes 13-year-old boys, you're more likely to know something is up for two main reasons. Firstly, 13- and 16-year-old boys are in some ways more physically distinct from one another than 13- and 16-year-old girls. The BLs whose AOAs and stories I noted down often said that in their middle teens they'd realised that they weren't attracted to boys their own age any more. It was much less common for a GL to say that in his middle teens he'd realised girls his own age no longer looked attractive. I think it's fairly well established that GLs are less likely to be exclusive than BLs, so a frightened teenager wanting to deny the realisation dawning in his mind can maybe try to focus on whatever slight attraction he has to girls his own age, until he can't any more. Secondly, younger girls date older boys all the time in secondary school — my best friend from then was seeing an 18-year-old at 15 — so it's maybe possible for a teenage GL to go on telling himself that he's in the ballpark and it's fine, until, again, he can't anymore. And maybe the simple fact of already knowing you're homosexual makes you more likely to figure out something else is unusual about your sexuality.
Bouvet says:
11. form, first year at high school: The "cool kids" in class talk about actresses. I'm not interested. Suddenly the "funny" one asks out of the blue "Hey, you ain't saying anything. Are 'ya gay or something?". I've never lied about this, never will.
A yes will be a powerful tool against me, though. I ignore all questions. They keep asking for the next half an hour. I get annoyed, eventually say yes.
Next couple of weeks consisting of being asked very private questions, also being the subject of all sorts of gay jokes. On the very day I told them, the next break I get asked if I fancy the gay math teacher. He's 50. I say no. The "funny" one responds "So you're a paedo".
My heart stops beating for a second. Not that such humour would be unexpected: the "funny" one once "joked" gay people should all be exterminated.
The two body builders in class seem to think I'd find them hot. Probably that's their explanation why I say nothing against their gay jokes and don't talk with them. I start to think that instead of coming out of the closet, I merely went into another one.
Fast forward two years.
Still in high school, finally accepted liking boys. Knew I'm gay already in primary school, had no problem with it. Known that men aren't my thing since I'm 12, if not earlier. Very confused about it back then. Now no more feelings of guilt for being who I am or disappointment of it not being just a phase. The "funny" one still loves to talk about actresses. Or actually all women he finds pretty. Among them a 15-16 year old student. His best female friend jokingly calls him "paedo" for that.
Final half year in high school and it turns out a classmate is together with some fourteen year old girl. He's eighteen. It's legal, age of consent is not everywhere the same. Most students don't care. The body builders and the "cool kids", especially the "funny" one do. Once a good pal of them, the classmate is now being insulted: "child molester!" "paedophile!" "that's illegal!" and stuff like that, alongside with vulgar questions. Just the things I noticed, certainly a lot more things going on than that what I heard. He seems cool about it, though.
1-2 months later and everybody seems to have forgotten what has been. He's their buddy again, part of the group.
Don't think that would've been everything. I wasn't the only pupil knowing the word "paedophile" long before high school. And teachers know the word, too. What was being described was only part of the tip of the iceberg.


A component of a Methylated-DNA IP Kit (cat. D5101).
The methylated/Non-methylated Control DNA is a mixture of fully methylated pUC19 (pUC19m) and nonmethylated pUC19 (pUC19) DNA at a 1:4 ratio. The Control DNA and Control Primers provided with it can be used for monitoring the different steps of the methylated-DNA IP procedure. The pUC19m DNA contains a mutation to create a novel Nco I restriction enzyme site. Since the methylated DNA (pUC19m) contains a Nco I restriction site (the non-methylated (pUC19) DNA does not), Nco I digestion can be used to differentiate between methylated and non-methylated DNAs.


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Tag: community engagement
"I could help my family be free from poverty if I was educated. Not if I am married." Lakech, 13
By Elizabeth Willmott-Harrop
Lakech, 13, had her marriage cancelled as a result of reporting her parents to the Community Conversation Group in Bandani Kebele (neighbourhood), Amhara, Ethiopia. ©UNICEF Ethiopia/2015/Mersha
Lakech*, aged 13, is from a poor family in the Bandani Kebele (neighbourhood) of the Dangla Woreda (district) in Amhara, Ethiopia. Her father, 55, is frail from ill health and her mother, 45, supports the family on her own.
Although Lakech's older sisters have been educated, times are now hard. Lakech's mother had arranged for her to be married, to both benefit from a dowry and to avoid the additional costs of Lakech's presence in the household.
"We sometimes do not have enough to eat. We do not even have clothing", explains Lakech's mother, "I was given this dress by Hebeste the Health Extension Worker. My girls are always asking me: Why do we not have clothing? Why do we not have soap? Life is hard."
Lakech found out about the planned marriage from school friends. She explains the impact when she found out: "I was determined not to be married. I wanted to run away, to an urban area where I would look after myself. I planned to work as a housemaid and continue my schooling. I could help my family be free from poverty if I was educated. Not if I am married."
Lakech reported the planned marriage to Girma Demlash, the facilitator of the Community Conversation Group which campaigns against child marriage.
"I felt distrust for my parents during that time. At first my parents were angry when I reported them, as they said they had no capacity to send me to school. But we have been offered help because I reported it. So I am no longer in fear of a planned marriage," explains Lakech.
The Mother of Lakech, 13, agreed to cancel her daughter's planned marriage as a result of an intervention by the Community Conversation Group in Bandani Kebele (neighbourhood), Amhara, Ethiopia. ©UNICEF Ethiopia/2015/Mersha
Lakech's mother was relieved when the marriage was cancelled. "The Community Conversation Group told me about the legal consequences. I have been supported by the community since. My friends are very happy that Lakech will not be married," she says.
The family has been able to access a UNICEF supported Revolving Fund to prevent child marriage. So-called because when funding is paid back by beneficiaries it is reinvested into the next family who needs it, so it circulates within the community. Families can start a business, make money and send their girls to school. Plus the fund gives support for education materials including uniform and clothing.
Meseret Debalkie, Child Protection Officer, UNICEF Ethiopia, says of the fund: "For the wealthy family you just have to change attitudes. That is relatively easy. But for the poorer families, if you do not offer any other life options, what will they do? You have to give them alternatives."
Atalele Abera, 35, is a member of the Women's Development Group and of the Community Conversation Group. Atalele says of Lakech's cancelled marriage:
"The girl's family received 1,000 ETB ($47) as a gift from the husband's family, but we made sure they gave it back. I am following up with Lakech. I didn't trust the parents to stick to their decision to cancel. So I visited them four times in the aftermath and continue to collect information from the neighbourhood on whether the marriage plans have really stopped."
Lakech, 13, and her Mother. Lakech's planned marriage was cancelled as a result of an intervention by the Community Conversation Group in Bandani Kebele (neighbourhood), Amhara, Ethiopia. © UNICEF/ESARO 2015/Elizabeth Willmott-Harrop
Lakech's mother explains that she had ambiguous feelings over educating Lakech: "I was worried that I will lose my daughters if I educate them as there are no schools nearby. My eldest daughter went to school some miles away and we have lost contact with her. So I was worried that when we face a challenge due to poverty that my other girls will do the same thing – they will leave and find a life elsewhere.
"But now we have the fund to help us. We will get 5,300 ETB ($250), I will buy sheep. It will cost me around 900 ETB ($43) to by one sheep if she is pregnant, so then I will have two. I will prepare local whisky and the leftovers from that will feed the sheep."
*Name changed to protect identity
Author UNICEF EthiopiaPosted on January 26, 2016 Categories Amhara, Child Protection, Ethiopia, HISTags child marriage, Community conversation, Community dialogue, community engagement, community leadership, harmful traditional practices, unicef3 Comments on "I could help my family be free from poverty if I was educated. Not if I am married." Lakech, 13
Elders advise against child marriage in favour of education in Amhara
Zelalem Belay, 70, Elder, speaks in front of Bandani Kebele's Community Conversation Group against Child Marriage, Amhara, Ethiopia. ©UNICEF Ethiopia/2015/Mersha
Zelalem Belay, 70, is a respected Community Elder and member of the Community Conversation Group against Child Marriage in the Bandani Kebele (neighbourhood) of the Dangla Woreda (district) in Amhara, Ethiopia.
He stands in front of the gathered crowd and speaks with absolute humility and sincerity as he discusses his personal regrets over marrying his daughters when they were children: "At my age I have to tell the truth. Why hide when I can stand here and tell the truth for the betterment of my community," Zelalem says.
"At first I opposed the change in culture away from chid marriage. I was resisting what the role of the poor girls could be. What options do poor children have? I thought. But I have since become convinced child marriage is not right. I have changed my mind. By supporting poor girls with economic incentives so they can continue their education, there is a different future for them and for their families", explains Zelalem.
"I was married at 18, to a ten year old girl, but she kept running back to her family. She wanted no physical attachment to me. So three months later I had a second marriage to a 15 year old – it was easy to arrange quickly as my father was wealthy. My first wife, her parents sent her back to school and she married again a few years later."
Zelalem Belay, 70, Elder, a member of Bandani Kebele's Community Conversation Group against Child Marriage, Amhara, Ethiopia. ©UNICEF Ethiopia/2015/Mersha
Zelalem continues: "So you see, in my former life, I had good assets, with family land and property, but then we did not see education as important. But now, those who are educated, they have a higher position than those with just land. A district judge, a school principle – they educate their children so that they have a position in society, they dress well.
Zelalem's gaze is firm, his voice unwavering as he explains the impact on one of his children: "One daughter, I married her at 15, she gave birth immediately but she is now divorced. I sent her back to school. But she did not perform well. Her life was disturbed and miserable.
"So I strongly advise against child marriage. It is a bad experience for the boy and the girl. If there is a young girl and older man, she will not be responsible for the house and he will always be out spending his money on other women."
The day before, a neighbour had come to consult Zelalem over marrying his 11 year old daughter. Zelalem explains: "I told him the law and that the marriage may not work out. That he will have lost property in agreeing to a marriage that does not last – divorce when people marry as children is common. I told him his daughter will probably run away. If she runs away to the city she could end up as a sex worker, trying to support herself. Many end up in cities working in local bars. They have nothing to fall back on.
"My life experience tells me that if you marry with an equal age and love each other – when it is a choice – and you share household responsibilities equally, then the marriage will prosper. They can run a business together, the husband can source raw materials and the wife can use them to make local beer to sell. It is a better life.
"I dream to get back to be like a child, and to live such a life."
Author UNICEF EthiopiaPosted on December 28, 2015 Categories Amhara, Child Protection, Ethiopia, HISTags Amhara, child marriage, Community conversation, Community dialogue, community engagement, community leadership, unicef1 Comment on Elders advise against child marriage in favour of education in Amhara
In Ethiopia, a partnership to improve nutrition
By Christine Nesbitt
A joint EU-UNICEF programme reaches rural communities in Ethiopia to address undernutrition among mothers and children through monitoring, treatment and guidance.
GEMECHIS, Ethiopia, 24 August 2015 – Early in the morning, one-and-a-half-year-old Mikias Asnake laughs as his mother, Meseret Haile, bathes him at home in the Gemechis woreda (district), in the Oromia region of Ethiopia. Meseret is preparing to join a community conversation at the nearby Wolargi health post, to learn how to ensure the health of children and mothers in the community.
Meseret Haile, with her son Mikias on her back, prepares food at a community information session on nutrition at the Wolargi health post, in Ethiopia's Oromia region. ©UNICEF Video
Meseret and her son Mikias are among approximately a million children and 600,000 pregnant and lactating women in four African countries (Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Mali and Uganda) targeted by Africa's Nutrition Security Partnership (ANSP). In Ethiopia, the focus is on 20 woredas in the Amhara, Oromia and Southern Nations and Nationalities Peoples (SNNP) regions. Ethiopia is nearing the end of a four-year national nutrition security programme supported jointly by the European Union and UNICEF, which builds on government-led efforts to reduce the rates of undernutrition among children under 5 years old and mothers.
With a population of more than 30 million people, Oromia is Ethiopia's largest region, and more than 80 per cent of its residents live in rural areas. Health Extension Worker Binti Mohammed is one of those helping to improve infant and young feeding practices, as well as maternal and adolescent nutrition.
Key aspects of the community-based nutrition programme are monthly growth monitoring and promotion, community conversations, iron folate supplementation for pregnant mothers as well as promoting local complementary food production.
"Before the nutrition programmes started, there was a lack of awareness in the community," Binti says. "Some people didn't know they could feed their children well using locally available ingredients."
Today, the Government's Heath Extension Programme deploys more than 36,000 health extension workers, who provide community-based health promotion and disease-prevention services, mostly to people in rural areas.
Binti explains that women bring their children to the health post on a monthly basis for growth-monitoring sessions and nutrition counselling. If the child is doing well, Binti encourages the mother to continue feeding her child properly. If the child is moderately underweight or has not gained enough weight since the previous growth-monitoring session, she will counsel the mother on possible causes and solutions. Inadequate household food security, poor child feeding practices, inadequate access to sanitation and safe water, recurring drought and harmful social and traditional practices all contribute to malnutrition in Oromia.
Health extension worker Binti Mohammed counsels a woman, who is holding her infant, on best nutrition practices, at the health post in the village of Wolargi, in Gemechis, a woreda (district) of Oromia Region © UNICEF/NYHQ2014-3628/Nesbitt
Changing behaviour
Reflecting on the past situation, Binti notes, "There is a big change. Previously, if their children became malnourished, people would take them to traditional healers and wait until they were close to dying. They never took them to a health facility. Now, since we saved children here at the facility, people have started bringing malnourished children from every village to the health post."
At the Wolargi Health Post, Meseret attends the dialogue with community members exploring best practices for feeding children in their community, followed by a practical demonstration.
"We started in the morning with a community conversation, and then the health worker showed us how to prepare nutritious food for our children," she says. "We learned that the porridge should also include vegetables, because they're good for the child's health."
The ingredients of the porridge include wheat, barley, sorghum, oats, lentils, beans, groundnuts, cabbage, milk, egg, potato, carrot, beetroot, iodised salt and oil.
"My plan, starting from today, is to feed my baby in a proper way, and to keep his mind bright, and to make him a good student, to help him have a good status in society in the future," Meseret says.
Through the community-based nutrition programme, the project supports building the resilience of communities to food insecurity. It is also designed to strengthen the community's ability to recognise the causes of malnutrition and to take action by making better use of family, community and external support networks. Since 2011, the number of underweight children participating in the programme has been halved.
Author UNICEF EthiopiaPosted on August 25, 2015 August 25, 2015 Categories EU, HIS, MDG, Nutrition, Oromia, Press ReleaseTags Community conversation, Community dialogue, community engagement, nutrition, unicefLeave a comment on In Ethiopia, a partnership to improve nutrition
27,000 People to benefit from Multiple Village Clean Water Supply Project in Tigray
The Ebo clean water project benefits 27, 000 people in seven villages including 15, 000 school children with clean water in their school and households. Young girls now can attend school regularly without spending more time looking for water. ©UNICEF Ethiopia/2015/Bizuwerk
Ebo, Raya Azebo woreda, Tigray 11 February 2015: A multiple clean water supply scheme in Ebo, Raya Azebo woreda of the Tigray National Regional State goes operational today. The project will benefit 27,000 people in seven villages including 15,000 school children with clean water in their school and households.
The Ebo clean water project, with a total cost of 20 million Ethiopian Birr, is a unique project as it not only demonstrates how investments in long term sustainable water supplies can reduce the carbon emissions from water trucks, but also contributes to making Ethiopian towns and villages greener and healthier for women and children. The project shows how resilient water supply solutions can be implemented in areas where there is low average rainfall and difficult hydrological conditions. In addition, it is 70 per cent cheaper than water trucking which has been the practice previously in the villages.
The Regional Government of Tigray and the woreda Administration of Raya Azebo actively partnered with UNICEF Ethiopia to undertake a detailed technical groundwater assessment to locate deep groundwater which could be exploited for this water supply scheme. UNICEF also called on its large national and international expertise to provide high technical support and mobilised funds from UNICEF Germany to finance the construction of the entire water supply scheme.
H.E Ato Alemayehu Tegenu, Minister of Water, Irrigation and Energy and Ms. Anupama Rao Singh, UNICEF Ethiopia Representative a.i. cut the ribbon inaugurating the Ebo multiple water supply scheme facilities. ©UNICEF Ethiopia/2015/Bizuwerk
Inaugurating the project, Minister of Water, Irrigation and Energy, H.E Ato Alemayehu Tegenu said, "We went to every corner of the possible system to make the voice of water and sanitation heard. And to promote synergies between all those whose mandate mattered to water. Now, our country has made tremendous progress over the past decade in the water and sanitation sectors and lowered the incidence of water-borne diseases significantly. We now have the opportunity to witness such a breakthrough, made possible through the committed effort of the government, development partners, NGOs, the private sector and the community. Raya Azebo Multiple Village Clean Water Supply Project in Tigray region is one of the exemplary project, providing the community with reliable access to safe water."
UNICEF Ethiopia Representative a.i. Ms. Anupma Rao Singh said, "UNICEF will increase its technical and financial support to the water supply and sanitation sector in the Tigray Region. We also reaffirm our commitment to finance another 3 multiple village water supply schemes similar to the Ebo scheme with the aim of alleviating the burden of water collection for tens of thousands of women and children in the Tigray region."
Ethiopia has made substantial progress in improving access to water supply and sanitation coverage since 1990. The recent National WASH Inventory data helps to confirm that, with the 2015 prediction of 57 per cent water supply coverage, Ethiopia is well on track to meet the water target of halving the 86 per cent of the population without water. The completion of such cost effective schemes is an indication that the country is now heading into innovative approaches to address people especially the hard to reach areas who are without access to safe water services.
Author UNICEF EthiopiaPosted on February 12, 2015 February 12, 2015 Categories Press Release, Tigrai, WASHTags clean water, community, community engagement, community leadership, Ebo, ethiopia, pr, sanitation, tigrai, tigray, unicef, wash, water, water access, water point2 Comments on 27,000 People to benefit from Multiple Village Clean Water Supply Project in Tigray
Moving the conversation forwards: Religious leaders vow to join hands for children with UNICEF
Ethiopia has come a long way, in development terms, since it adopted the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) as part of its national agenda. Remarkable achievements have been registered within various social wellbeing parameters. Most notably, the country has achieved MDG 4 – to reduce child mortality by two thirds – three years ahead of schedule. A lot remains to be done, however, particularly in reaching the most disadvantaged children – 3 million are out of school, 40 percent of under-fives are malnourished, only 7 percent of births are formally registered, less than one-third of pregnant women deliver in health facilities, key vaccinations are achieving less than 70 percent coverage and a high number of girls are being exposed to a variety of harmful traditional practices.
While Ethiopia is on track to achieving the majority of MDGs before the 2015 deadline, the involvement of stakeholders, such as religious leaders, is crucial. This is particularly true in reaching the most disadvantaged communities. In line with this premise, UNICEF held a consultative workshop with religious leaders on Monday, 23 June 2014, in Addis Ababa. The half-day workshop targeted the creation of shared values and common ground in bringing a more prosperous future to the children of Ethiopia.
"We aim today to begin a new conversation, enabling us to work together towards a common goal," said Dr Peter Salama, UNICEF Representative to Ethiopia, whilst opening the workshop, further emphasising that religious institutions are able to reach out to communities at a grassroots level more effectively than any other social network. They are also instrumental in influencing positive behaviour and social norms, and thus working with these institutions is not considered as a second option. Dr. Salama spoke of the need to scale up UNICEF's work with religious leaders on what they are uniquely positioned to achieve among their millions of followers – mobilisation for action in the wellbeing of children.
After a brief presentation of UNICEF's guide on partnerships with religious communities and the situation of children in Ethiopia, the workshop continued with discussions centred around experiences and priority intervention areas.
Best Experiences Shared
The civic engagement of religious institutions in Ethiopia is commendable. For instance, the experience shared by the Ethiopian Orthodox Church revealed that the church's 42-year-old development wing has been actively involved in numerous developmental activities placing women and children at the centre of the issue. The Ethiopian Orthodox Church Development and Inter-Church Aid Commission has developed declarations on gender based violence and harmful traditional practices, as well as safe motherhood. What was interesting for participants was the church's adoption of a "Development Bible", which contains 360 daily teachings, incorporating over 45 contextualised messages. These include a focus on gender equality, Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C), maternal health, HIV/AIDS and Harmful Traditional Practices (HTPs).
Similarly, the Ethiopian Muslim Supreme Council shared information of their work towards a "fatwa" (declaration) against FGM/C. A representative from the Council recounted how talking about FGM/C had been a taboo for religious fathers of previous years. However, leaders are now speaking out against the practice and bringing change in project areas. The Council also underlined the need to scale up the intervention, in order to stop the practice altogether. The experience of the Ethiopian Catholic Church in the development of the Child Protection Policy and the concept of 'serving the whole person' expressed by the Ethiopian Evangelical Church, Mekanyesus, and the Kale Hiwot Church, was also shared with participants.
Three umbrella Forums – the Ethiopian Interfaith Forum for Development Dialogue and Action, the Inter-Religious Council Ethiopia and the Evangelical Church Fellowship Ethiopia – also shared their experiences in mobilising member institutions in various projects. These included maternal and child health, peace building and HIV prevention. The efforts to mainstream the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) and HTPs in theological schools was also highlighted.
In the past, UNICEF and other organisations predominantly worked with the development wing of religious institutions. However, it is recognised that this undermines the significant return of actively engaging in the spiritual wings. The spiritual wing reaches over 97% of the nation's population through various religious structures, whilst the regional presence and coverage of development wings is dependent upon resources.
UNICEF is keen to work with both the spiritual and development wings of the major religious institutions and umbrella forums through a long term strategic partnership. UNICEF is also ready to provide technical support, policy advice and capacity building on the key child related interventions conducted by these institutions. The religious leaders have also reaffirmed their commitment to working with UNICEF.
Before the close of the workshop, participants agreed to form a small working group to develop the partnership framework.
Author Demissew BizuwerkPosted on July 7, 2014 July 10, 2014 Categories Child Protection, EthiopiaTags child protection, child rights, child welfare, Community conversation, Community dialogue, community engagement, community leadership, ethiopia, religious leaders, unicefLeave a comment on Moving the conversation forwards: Religious leaders vow to join hands for children with UNICEF


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Kissing Frog
Judge blasts UK's indefinite sentences as 'most monstrous injustice of all time'
Posted By: kanazonet
A former judge has called for major changes to a 'Kafke-esque' sentence which has seen thousands of people locked up indefinitely.
Judge John Samuels QC sat in crown courts for 27 years before retiring to become chairman of the Criminal Justice Alliance and president of the Prisoners' Education Trust.
Having sentenced hundreds of people to a great variety of terms over his esteemed career, he is calling for major reforms to Imprisonment for Public Protection sentences (IPPs).
The sentences were introduced by the Labour government in 2003 and came into force in 2005.
They were designed to keep dangerous criminals who had not committed offences warranting a life sentence off the streets until they no longer posed a danger to the public.
Seven years after their introduction they were banned following a damning European Court of Human Rights ruling, yet those currently serving them were not released.
Eight years later and with more than 2,000 IPP prisoners still locked up – many for relatively minor crimes – Judge Samuels has called for immediate and major reform.
"Its consequences are deeply harmful not only to people that are caught up in them, but to the families who simply cannot move on with their lives at all," he said.
"Huge numbers of children and family members are affected by this."
Judge Samuels has called for measures touted by the Prison Reform Trust to be introduced.
The organisation wants judge-led reviews to convert IPP sentences into the sentence prisoners would have got had the IPP not been available.
The Trust is also calling for t ransitional provisions, to ensure arrangements are in place for adequate supervision when IPP prisoners are released.
"I would adopt what the prison reform trust has said completely," Judge Samuels continued.
"They have described the sentencing regime as Kafke-esque."
The judge went on to say that some of those who were sentenced to IPPs deserved long sentences.
He recalled one case he presided over in which a "blood crazed violent young man" committed a series of robberies with a kitchen knife, severing someone's arm on one occasion.
Judge Samuels sentenced the man to a life term, which was changed to an IPP on appeal – something he says was "right".
While he says he has no regrets about any of the IPPs he handed down – otherwise he 'wouldn't have imposed' them – while serving on the Court of Appeal he encountered some miscarriages of justice.
Such cases have left the judge with the view that IPPs are 'the most monstrous injustice of all time'.
He is joined in that view by Peter Dawson, director of the Prison Reform Trust.
He said: "The suffering caused by this disastrous sentence goes on and on.
"It extends far beyond the people still unjustly held in prison, affecting parents, partners and children, all totally innocent.
"Legislation is needed to finish the job of putting right the injustice done to so many by the IPP sentence.
"The forthcoming sentencing white paper would be a good place to start."
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The 'thankless task' of being MP
MASERU – IT'S a thankless, frustrating job. What complicates his task as MP is that there are no resources that are availed by the government to get the job done.And so when a resident in his Khubetsoana constituency dies and the family has no money to buy a coffin, Likopo Mahase, is still expected to step in and help.
Even when their beloved one dies somewhere in South Africa, the community still expects him to "do something" to bring back their loved one home and give him a befitting send-off.
For Mahase, failure to be there in their time of mourning would be the ultimate act of committing political suicide.
And when the people in Khubetsoana are looking for jobs, they still approach him as their MP and expect that he will "do something" to give them a job in Lesotho's already blotted civil service.
When there is an election he finds himself funding most of his own campaigns by printing T-shirts from his own pocket. He even provides transport for his supporters to attend political rallies.
"There are as many challenges of being an MP as you can imagine. The truth is this is not a church, you are not going to the chapel," Mahase says.
"You need patience to deal with people and solve their problems. They don't want to speak to your Personal Assistant at the constituency office, they want to talk to you directly."
As an MP, Mahase says he has had to sacrifice personal interests to get his political career going.
"You have no time for personal business otherwise the politics will suffer. You just cannot serve two masters."
Mahase says being an MP is an impossible job.
Yet he says he remains determined to serve his Khubetsoana constituency to fight rampant poverty and inequality.
Mahase, a soft-spoken yet staunch All Basotho Convention (ABC) cadre, was first elected MP for Khubetsoana in 2015.
He retained the constituency in last year's general elections won by the ABC.
To fight poverty and inequality, Mahase wants to see a change in how the government approaches issues of development.
He believes the controversial wool and mohair regulations passed by the government earlier this year will address the rampant poverty in Lesotho.
Under the regulations, which were met with howls of protest from a section of farmers, it is now illegal for Basotho to sell their wool and mohair outside Lesotho.
Mahase says the farmers just could not see the bigger picture when they were complaining about the "draconian" regulations.
They will eventually come around, he says.
He says this resistance to new ideas is not new in Lesotho. He says when the late Prime Minister Leabua Jonathan wanted to introduce the Angora goats and Merrino sheep, the farmers fiercely resisted the move. "They wanted to keep their old Basotho sheep and goats," he says.
It was only later when Basotho farmers realised the benefits that came with the new breed when they accepted the idea, he says.
Based on this historical analogy, Mahase insists it is only a matter of time before the farmers' appreciate the government's position to block wool and mohair exports to Port Elizabeth in South Africa. He says with the whole process being regulated and done in Lesotho, farmers will now be able to "know the quality of their wool and the country will grow economically".
"There will be no transport costs to take the wool to Port Elizabeth. The benefits will translate to the farmers."
Mahase says dragging Lesotho out of poverty will require that "we sit down as Basotho and ask, 'what are we doing for people living in the mountains?'"
The MP rejected as untrue charges by some of his own ABC supporters that the party had sold out to the Chinese.
The allegation followed what appeared to be the growing frustration with the role of the Chinese in Lesotho's economy.
There have been allegations that the Chinese were slowly pushing out locals from small businesses in the districts, a charge the government and the Chinese embassy in Maseru have rejected.
Others have even accused the government of parceling out pieces of land to the Chinese.
Mahase says it is not true that the Chinese were pushing a "new form of imperialism" in Lesotho instead he took a swipe at his own people who he accused of being "all talk and no action".
"The problem with Basotho is that they want to talk but don't want to produce. The fields are not being fully utilised. Not a single one is doing it in a very productive way," he says.
"We are not producing enough and want to produce on a small-scale. Farming doesn't have a Sunday or public holiday. How many farming projects, run by Basotho, have collapsed?"
He says as for the Chinese, their work ethic is outstanding.
Mahase says being the "big church that it is," the ABC would obviously run into problems as it sought to accommodate the divergent voices and interests.
"Once the numbers began to grow, we knew it also meant more problems for the party," he says.
"All these people have different ideas on how the party should be run. We need a good and strong National Executive Committee (NEC) to solve the day-to-day issues that arise within the party."
Mahase says the party will need to "reinforce our structures in the NEC, the constituencies and branches".
He however rejects charges that First Lady 'Maeasiah Thabane was at the centre of the crisis within the party as alleged by some party heavyweights.
"She is helping vulnerable people in the constituencies and she is within her rights to do so," he says.
Mahase says the only problem is that there is too much hunger in Lesotho with people expecting goodies from the First Lady every time.
"People should not expect miracles from her. She is a First Lady and not a public servant. The government is not running a spaza shop."
Mahase says he is painfully aware of Lesotho's turbulent past and wants a shake-up of the security sector.
He blames politicians "who always drag the security sector into our politics".
"We want the security sector to fight our battles," he says. "We need to discipline ourselves as politicians for the betterment of the country."
Mahase is however not too optimistic about the future of Lesotho in the short-term. The reforms will be a long drawn out process, he says.
Even then he thinks Lesotho's security challenges will take a long time to be sorted out.
"To demolish a building you need just a day but to build will take you a year."
He thinks the recruitment strategies employed by political parties that have seen security agents being recruited based on party affiliation will be very difficult to uproot.
"We use our powers to hire these young guys in the army, the police and NSS (National Security Service) who are affiliated to political parties. You don't bite the hand that is giving you food."
Mahase says until those accused of human rights violations are arraigned before the courts of law and charged, there will be no reconciliation in Lesotho.
"We need to speak and find why they were doing what they did. We need to know who sent them. South Africa tried the issue of reconciliation without justice and they are still crying since 1994. They need justice."
Mahase was born on July 15, 1969 in Seforong in Quthing district. Like other young boys in Lesotho then, he would herd the family's cattle and go to the fields.
"There was no other way of life; it was non-negotiable," he says.
He also did not consider that kind of life a punishing routine; that is how all boys lived in the village in the early 1970s until he moved to Maseru in the early 1980s. He says that upbringing set him on a firm footing in life.
His family was fiercely pro-Basotholand Congress Party (BCP) led by Dr Ntsu Mokhehle who was involved in a mortal tussle for political dominance with the then Prime Minister Leabua Jonathan. Following the re-introduction of democracy in Lesotho in 1993, Mahase says he continued to vote for the BCP, impressed by its commitment to wage an armed struggle to re-assert democracy.
Disillusionment however quickly set in after he watched his beloved BCP tear itself apart through splits.
There was also a serious disconnect between what the party stood for in exile and what was happening on the ground when the BCP leaders came back home to Lesotho.
Fed up with the internal squabbles within the BCP, Mahase quit the party and joined the ABC at its formation in 2006.
He has served as an MP since 2015.
Previous Hashatsi's mother begs for answers
Next Unholy fight rocks Anglican Church
Police boss blocked
MASERU – THE Commissioner of Police Molibeli Holomo has been temporarily interdicted from promoting officers to the ranks of lance sergeant, sergeant, sub-inspector and inspector. High Court judge Justice Molefi Makara
Riots shut down Fokothi
MASERU – LEROTHOLI Polytechnic has been closed until further notice after yesterday's violent riots that left a trail of damage at the college. This after angry students went on the rampage
Parly rallies behind civil servant
MASERU – PARLIAMENT has intervened on behalf of a senior civil servant who was fired after a physical fight with the former prime minister's son, Rethabile Mosisili. Parliament's Public Accounts Committee


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Zack is so funny! He's known his numbers 1-10 for a long time and is now into higher numbers, but can someone please explain to me how come instead of "seven", he says "tummy"????? It's so cute. I have to get him to do it when I have the video running but so far he won't do it on command.
Just posted new jewelry and an auction to raise money for Breast Cancer Awareness.
Had a great day today doing the Part Time Pursuits craft fair at Guppys -- what a bunch of great people!!!!
Exhausted -- off to bed to finish a really interesting (but horrifying) book, "Off Season".
Big steps for Zack today!


The Inner House has decided an interesting case on the incorporation of standard terms and on contract formation generally. The case is Baillie Estates Ltd v Du Pont (UK) Ltd  CSOH 95, decided by Lords Clarke, Carloway and Sir David Edward QC, with Lord Clarke delivering the opinion of the court.
The case concerned the sale of a large printing machine. The parties communicated by e mail, discussing the terms and conditions of the potential purchase. Those e mails covered the price, a payment schedule, a target installation date, and other issues such as the supply of printing ink. At this stage a representative of the buyer sent what Lord Hodge, the Lord Ordinary, had described as a "terse message" comprising only the words "Go ahead." In response, the seller replied "It's on the way." The following day, the seller sent to the buyer by e mail a copy of the seller's standard trading terms and conditions.
"There was nothing informal or ambiguous, in our view, in the proposal. The brevity of the response thereto, that is "go ahead", (particularly standing the previous dealings between the parties) did not, in our judgment, bring with it any ambiguity. It was a totally apt communication of an acceptance of the proposal. As noted, the reclaimers attempted to make something of the informality of the language employed but there is no requirement for formality of language in a contract of this sort and commercial contracts are regularly concluded in a similar way, particularly where the parties have been in detailed discussion and negotiations beforehand. Accordingly, we are of the clear view that the communings of the parties of the 17 November were capable of amounting to a concluded unconditional contract between them for the sale and purchase of the printer and that, moreover, in choosing to use the language they did, against the background in which it was used, the parties, looking at matters objectively, must be held to have intended to have reached a binding and concluded agreement by those communings."
Thus, informality of communication in itself is no bar to formation, particularly when considered against the backdrop of a course of dealing between the parties.
Counsel for the sellers had argued that there was a shared understanding between the parties firstly, that the seller's standard conditions would prevail and secondly that the bargain would be conditional on a site survey and credit check. This argument was unsuccessful, Lord Clarke noting [para ]: "Assumptions, beliefs or understanding do not, by themselves, translate into contractual rights and obligations."
The terms could, Lord Clarke indicated, have been incorporated where the buyer had remained silent on the basis of acquiescence, but this could only be the case where the seller had proposed that they should form part of the contract before the contract was concluded [para ]. The issue of standard terms arising only after conclusion in this case, the argument based on acquiescence failed. Their Lordships refused the seller's reclaiming motion.
An object lesson, if one were needed, on the perils of sending an e mail message too quickly, and without considering the legal consequences.


text:
Moz/FF
The Servo Blog: Media stack Mid-Year review
We recently closed the first half of 2019 and with that it is time to look back and do a quick summary of what the media team has achieved during this 6 months period.
Looking at some stats, we merged 87 Pull Requests, we opened 56 issues, we closed 42 issues and we welcomed 13 new amazing contributors to the media stack.
UK ISPs Vilify Mozilla For Trying To Secure The Internet
Submitted by Roy Schestowitz on Tuesday 9th of July 2019 09:10:29 PM.
Over the years, UK ISPs have been forced by the government to censor an increasing array of "controversial" content, including copyrighted material and "terrorist content." In fits and spurts, the UK has also increasingly tried to censor pornography, despite that being a decidedly impossible affair. Like most global censorship efforts, these information blockades often rely on Domain Name Server (DNS) level blacklists by UK ISPs.
Historically, like much of the internet, DNS hasn't been all that secure. That's why Mozilla recently announced it would begin testing something called "DNS over HTTPS," a significant security upgrade to DNS that encrypts and obscures your domain requests, making it difficult to see which websites a user is visiting. Obviously, this puts a bit of a wrinkle in the government, ISP, or other organizational efforts to use DNS records to block and filter content or track user activity.


oooo, he ends all my letters with elder pierce....you get a "kyle"...thats kinda personal carly, lol! thanks for sharing!
haha he usually ends it with elder pierce/ kyle, or something like that but this one he just put kyle. i didn't even notice that.


The LMA is governed by a Board made up of senior market practitioners who are elected by the membership or co-opted for their expertise. The Board sets the Association's priorities and is supported by the three major policy committees – Finance, Underwriting and Claims. Nearly every LMA member firm contributes towards the Association's Board and committees. For further information about the LMA Board contact the Board Secretary.


text:
CHIMERICA—a Story for Today, Tomorrow, and Generations to Come
Dan Lin, Janelle Villas and Norman Yap in TimeLine Theatre's Chicago premiere of CHIMERICA by Lucy Kirkwood. Photo by Lara Goetsch.
Review: CHIMERICA at TimeLine Theatre
By Abigail Trabue
The relationship between America and China is complicated, and in a political season where China's economic power is a constant talking point, Timeline's production of CHIMERICA seems as timely as it is mentally exhausting.
CHIMERICA in many ways is about heroism and what it can do to both a person who's driven to find it and a person desperate to run away from it. Joe Schofield, a photographer (Coburn Goss), finds himself on assignment during the Tiananmen Square massacre. From his hotel room, he witnesses and photographs "Tank Man" standing down a line of tanks headed for the square. Flash forward 23 years later and this iconic photo continues to define Joe's life, both professionally and personally, as we see him arrive back in Beijing to visit his friend Zhang Lin (Norman Yap)—a man who too has felt the overwhelming personal impact of a post-Tiananmen Square China. The play propels forward as Joe and writer Mel Stanwyck (Chris Rickett) convince their editor that tracking down "Tank Man" is a story worth publishing. It's the election season of 2012—a time when the political and economic power of China was at the forefront of Presidential debates with neither party seeing eye to eye (not much has changed on that matter, has it?).
The story is complicated, and thought-provoking, and one that doesn't lend itself to a review breakdown, so let me stop and say this – You need to see this show with someone, have a beer afterward, and discuss it. There is no other way to fully digest Lucy Kirkwood's story, but to talk with someone who has experienced it. And while it took a bit for the script, the actors and the audience to settle into this 3-hour adventure at Timeline, once we did we were all in it together till the heartbreaking, but slightly unsurprising end.
While Kirkwood's writing will give you much food for thought, so will the sound and projection designs. The harmony between sound designer Andrew Pluess and projection designer Mike Tutaj has created the most cohesive use of the two elements I've seen on the stage. Pluess' meticulous environmental design catapults us into the world of the play, and Tutaj's work should serve as a masterclass in how to intensify a show with projections, rather than rely on them.
The entire ensemble is dependable, but it's the supporting players that steal the spotlight from Goss and Yap. Dan Lin and Janelle Villas, who play Luili and Young Zhang Li, add a much-needed layer of love, warmth, and personal connection that makes this story work for older Zhang Lin (and frankly for us too, after being beaten over the head with the difficulties of relationships, kids, and families). Their connection is gentle, and Villas is captivating as the ghost that haunts older Zhang Lin. Caron Buinis takes on many roles and each time she is not Caron Buinis playing another part, but a fully developed member of the play. She's an incredible character actress with a talent for developing a character who only has a few lines.
The layers between China and the U.S. on a political and economic standpoint are food enough to fuel a lifetime of consideration, but Chimerica goes beyond its namesake and delves into the personal, individual, and unpleasant relationship that is the East and the West. Timeline's stories are inspired by history, and this one certainly fits the bill, but this is also a story of today, a story of tomorrow, and a story for generations to come.
CHIMERICA plays through July 31st. For tickets and more information, visit timelinetheatre.com.
Andrew Pluess1 Caron Buinis1 Chris Rickett1 Coburn Goss3 Dan Lin1 Janelle Villas3 Lucy Kirkwood2 Mike Tutaj2 Norman Yap1 TimeLine Theatre6
Sleek CHICAGO Has Plenty of Polish But Lacks Grit
THE SIGN IN SIDNEY BRUSTEIN'S WINDOW is Life Purging its Imperfections
Abigail Trabue
Abigail has worked as an actor/director in Chicago for over ten years, and along with husband Jason Epperson founded Lotus Theatricals in 2015, and PerformInk Chicago and Kansas City in 2016 (where she serves as Managing Editor of both publications). When not talking shop, Abigail is raising three padawans with Jason, drinking lots of coffee, converting school buses into RV's, and eating all the foods at Disney World. You can find her on Twitter @AbigailTrabue
Review | "The Killer" at Trap Door Theatre


Wainscott Hall Crisis Shelter serves individuals and families from Clark, Powell, Estill, Madison and Montgomery Counties by providing a safe place to stay, food and other basics, while addressing their varied needs.
Intensive case management, financial literacy,on-site GED and skill building classes.
We strive to help our residents help themselves on the road to long term self-sufficiency.
NEW STUDY SHOWS AMAZING IMPACT!
A recent study of the economic benefit to our community of the help and services offered right here at Wainscott Hall and CCHC showed a benefit to the community of over $1.7 million per year!
For additional information on this study, call Terry at 859-744-8733.


Organics has been in the waste-as-a-resource business for over thirty years. During this time the company has provided over five hundred projects around the world with equipment to make beneficial use of a wide range of waste types. It has been a logical extension of Organics' scope to develop Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) equipment and facilities.
RDF can be used in a variety of ways to produce electricity. It can be used alongside traditional sources of fuel in coal power plants. In Europe RDF can be used in the cement kiln industry, where the strict standards of the Waste Incineration Directive are met. RDF can also be fed into plasma arc gasification modules & pyrolysis plants. Where the RDF is capable of being combusted cleanly or in compliance with the Kyoto Protocol, RDF can provide a funding source where unused carbon credits are sold on the open market via a carbon exchange.
The European markets for the production of RDF have been grown fast due to e.g. the European landfill directive, or landfill taxes e.g. in UK and Ireland. Refuse derived fuel (RDF) exports from the UK to Europe and beyond reached 3.3 million tonnes in 2015, representing a near-500,000 tonnes increase on the previous year.
Organics RDF is a member of Organics Group plc. As a production and trading division within the Natural Wastes Utilisaton department, together with Organics RDF, Organics Biomass strives to beneficially and commercially re-use waste wherever it is found.


"Sao Ta Lung" in Thai is presented.
These stunning clusters of poles derive from the ancient concept when an important person visits Thailand, the King will arrange a wild elephant capture to show to His important guest. To highlight the concept of "All guests are our important Visitors" the figures of elephants also appear on a wide variety of our decorations.


text:
JACOB BARNES
Judge stays at 61 homers on 61st anniversary of Maris' 61st
Aaron Judge went 0 for 2 with two walks and was hit by a pitch, remaining at 61 homers on the 61st anniversary of Roger Maris setting the American League record, and the New York Yankees beat the Baltimore Orioles 8-0.
Britton's season over, TJ surgery comeback out of time
Zack Britton's season is over, his comeback from Tommy John surgery cut short after just three relief appearances for the New York Yankees.
Cabrera intentionally walked with 2,999 hits, Tiger fans boo
Miguel Cabrera was intentionally walked in the eighth inning with 2,999 career hits, setting off a loud chorus of boos and derisive chants at Comerica Park as the Detroit Tigers beat the New York Yankees 3-0.
Rookie Lee finally makes contact, Mets beat Marlins in 12th
Rookie Khalil Lee hit a tiebreaking RBI double in the 12th inning for his first major league hit after strikeouts in his first eight at-bats and the New York Mets beat the Miami Marlins 6-5.
DeGrom to get MRI for side issue after Mets win 5th straight
Mets ace Jacob deGrom was pulled after five innings with right side tightness in his return from an injury to a similar area, but the bullpen closed out a four-hitter as New York beat the Arizona Diamondbacks 4-2 for its fifth straight win.
DeGrom strikes out 9 in row as Mets split with Rockies
Jacob deGrom struck out nine straight batters against Colorado, falling one shy of matching Tom Seaver's major league record.
Ga. Southern routs La. Tech 38-3 in New Orleans Bowl
Georgia Southern quarterback Shai Werts (1) is lifted up after scoring a touchdown against Louisiana Tech during the first half of the New Orleans Bowl NCAA college football game in New Orleans, Wednesday, Dec. 23, 2020. (AP Photo/Matthew Hinton)NEW ORLEANS – Georgia Southern quarterback Shai Werts kept his team in suspense until pregame warmups. "The guys fed off that for sure."Werts had three touchdown runs and threw a 65-yard scoring pass to help Georgia Southern beat Louisiana Tech 38-3 in the New Orleans Bowl on Wednesday. Safety Justin Birdsong intercepted two passes — the first against Louisiana Tech starter Aaron Allen and the second against reserve JD Head in the third quarter. "He did not play very well," Louisiana Tech coach Skip Holtz said.


text:
Differences in marital quality between full-time and bivocational pastors in the church of the Nazarene
Hayes, Everett C.
The purpose of this study was to determine if there was a difference in marital quality between full-time and bivocational pastors and their spouses in the Church of the Nazarene. While the denomination is a world-wide organization this study only considered clergy couples in the United States of America. The denomination has seventy-five districts in the United States. Originally, ten districts were randomly selected, however, due to a low response rate; five additional districts were purposely selected based on the availability of email addresses for the pastors.
A mailing was sent to senior pastors and their spouses from the original ten districts. E-mails were sent to senior pastors and their spouses from all fifteen districts. A link was included in the e-mail that directed the individual to the K-State On-line Survey System. From the mail and the e-mail there were one hundred and ninety-nine responses.
The survey included the following instruments: the Clergy Family Life Inventory, the Ministry Demand Inventory (Impact and Times), the Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale, and the Reduced Sound Marital House. Qualitative questions were also asked according to the individuals' position (i.e. Full-time Pastor, Full-time Pastor's Spouse, Bivocational Pastor, Bivocational Pastor's Spouse).
There were six propositions developed for this study, these were: demands of the ministry have a negative effect on marital quality; intrusive congregational expectations have a negative effect on marital quality; the pastor's own expectations for his/her work with the church will have an effect on his/her marital quality; financial stress will have an adverse effect on marital quality; marital quality is adversely affected when the spouse works outside of the home in order to meet the family budget; and, accepting the influence of his/her spouse has a positive affect on marital quality. Only the last proposition was confirmed.
The findings suggest that there is no difference in marital quality between full-time and bivocational clergy couples. However, the reader most also consider the phenomena of social desirability in the context of this research.
Keywords: Clergy marriages; Nazarene
Graduation Month: May
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy
Department: Department of Family Studies and Human Services
Major Professor: Anthony Jurich
Filename: EverettHayes2010.pdf


text:
Q: qextserialport is putting I´m using QExtSerialPort to read out an usb device, but I have an issue with reading the data send through the serial port. The data is send at rates of between 100 and 1000Hz and sometimes the data is stuck together. For example if the data has size of 18 bytes, mostly it is read as 18 bytes, but sometimes it reads 36 or 54, etc bytes. This espicially happens when I let my computer do other things. The code I use is the following:
QextSerailPort port = new QextSerialPort("COM11")
QByteArray data;

connect(port, SIGNAL(readyRead()),this, SLOT(DataAvailable()));

void MainWindow::DataAvailable()
{
    while(!(port->bytesAvailable()));
    data = port->readAll();

    qDebug() << data.toHex();
}

Does anybody have a solution?

A: Serial ports, like TCP links, are byte-streams.  You cannot transfer messages, strings, structs or anything larger than one byte.
You have to have a protocol that can parse out the messages/whatever from the byte stream.  there is no other way.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


We love styling this floral shirt to as a finisher for any outfit. Wear this shirt open over a basic ruched dress, a tank and jeans, or button it up over a tank and leggings. Dressy enough for work or a special event. Elbow-length sleeves and high-low hem.


We all get stuck. And un-stuck.
It's an over and over process.
You're afraid to take a new step.
You need more information to get to: Yes.
Or, you're just not ready.
Maybe you're stuck at a job you hate.
Stuck in a not-working relationship.
Or stuck because you don't know what to eat, when to eat, or how to eat.
and feel stuck in chronic stress & feelings of overwhelm.
that move you out of stuck & into peace.
Learn more about self-care tools in my interview.
Too much thinking (drop the WHY?) is counter-productive.
The more you think, the worse you feel & the more stuck you become.
Recently, I got stuck in the yuck.
Yet I felt an un-nameable agitation in my body.
Felt like I needed to go out for a run, or blast music, dance wildly.
What the heck could I do at 2am that wouldn't disturb my neighbors?
Finally, I left my bed, walked into my art studio.
I taped a large piece of paper onto a firm surface.
then progressed to bigger, thicker, ones.
Like a dancer warming up, or the first steps of a run.
the heavy, yucky energy began to shift.
Move out of my body.
I could feel my insides decompressing.
get some relief from these very uncomfortable feelings.
you need to be curious, brave and determined.
Notice: What helps you to feel better, calmer.
Don't give up if the first thing doesn't work.
Finding your go to's can take time…and patience.
and see if you can understand what is needed.
You will feel a tiny bubble of joy.
Painting may not be your thing.
and return you to the curiosity of the moment.
I don't know, let me see.
One way you often feel stuck.
3 Self-Care steps you're going to take to get unstuck.
1 practice you've already found that helps.


I have been part of the corporate world for 13 years and was subject to many change initiatives. None of which really ever worked.
I have seen people see through the facilitation process and give the answers/stories they know would be acceptable. No participation in an earnest way and not feeling empowered, but rather led to a predisposed position decided upon by management before the intervention.
AI does work and many, many interventions have proven that. See amongst others the cases in the book of Watkins, Mohr and Kelly "