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Home > Products & Solutions > Imaging Products > Lineup > NIKKOR Lenses > F mount Lenses > AF-P DX NIKKOR 18-55mm f/3.5-5.6G
AF-P DX NIKKOR 18-55mm f/3.5-5.6G
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New-category AF-P lens that enables AF drive adopting a stepping motor — a first for NIKKOR lenses for SLRs*
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Compact and lightweight, DX-format compatible, 3.1x normal zoom lens with 18-55 mm* focal-length range and f/3.5-5.6 maximum aperture.
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Hammershus: Europe's Largest Castle
LarsBülow created this impressive drone video of Hammershus Castle, probably the most famous castle in Scandinavia. It's situated on the island of Bornholm, a Danish island lying to the east of the mainland in the Baltic Sea. The castle was built in the 13th century, and played an important role in the struggles between Denmark and its rivals in the region. Classified as a ruin (although partially restored in the early 1900's), it's believed to be the largest medieval-era castle in Europe.
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Description: Hammershus on Bornholm - Northern Europe's largest castle ruin and Bornholm's most visited attraction. Was lucky with the weather, though it was windy, so the drone had a hard time flying
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


How rich is Paul Bushnell? For this question we spent 19 hours on research (Wikipedia, Youtube, we read books in libraries, etc) to review the post.
Total Net Worth at the moment 2019 year – is about $69,3 Million.
:How tall is Paul Bushnell – 1,85m.


To prepare children for a smooth transition to primary schools.
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We at Jaffery instill real love of books and cultivate reading for pleasure. We follow two reading schemes; ladybird series and Oxford scheme. Sharing a story with children at any time of the day is a special gift to them and at the same time we instill a powerful message on the value of reading.
We provide library sessions for our children. A variety of books and resources at different levels are available. We have a healthy collection of phonic and look and say books. The library also offers shred reading experiences.
At Jaffery we place a major empahsis on encouraging individuals to speak english. We try to get children to speak to the group and adults and at the same time listening to each other's verbal contributions.
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Most old buildings move to some degree during their life, but this movement may not be a problem. Cracks do not necessarily need to be a cause for concern. As most period houses differ in their construction to modern houses they can tolerate a degree of movement without any serious problems.
Movement in old buildings can be seasonal, dictated by temperature changes. It could also be historic – i.e. there is evidence of past movement but there is no movement now. Only when the movement is ongoing and threatens the use or safety of the structure should you be concerned.
If the movement is suspected to be ongoing then a structural engineer who is familiar with old buildings should make an inspection (see Finding Professional Help). The structural stability of an older house is dependent on how it all fits together. If the connections between the various components - walls, floors and roof structure - are unstable or inadequate then the building is vulnerable to disproportionate damage.
There are several issues that can cause structural movement.
Decay: If water has got into the fabric of your home it could cause some form of material decay – rotting timbers, crumbling bricks - that could compromise its structural stability.
Temperature: Problems can also occur with materials moving at different rates through changes in temperature - this can give rise to differential movement and distortion.
Foundations: Houses were usually built with simple shallow foundations and can be vulnerable to settlement over a long period. As older houses tend to be more flexible than modern buildings, they can often accommodate this movement without any problem.
Alterations: Structural problems can also occur as a result of alterations that affect the overall stability of the building. Common problems include partly removed chimney breasts, overloaded floors, roof structure alterations for doorways or windows and cutting into floor joists to accommodate services. Often these types of problem can be hidden and require some investigative work.
Often distortion of the structure can be part of the character of an older house. Unless the structural stability is in question when safety margins have been eroded by continual movement then it is best to leave well alone.


Anybody knows of an app that adjust the media volume to the background noise?
I listen to podcast during commute and need to increase the volume when on the highway and reduce when stopping at a stop light.
The car could have this feature (I play using the car's stereo) but it does not.


Spotted handfish are a critically endangered species with limited data available to track their conservation trajectory. In 2016 we completed a second meta-population scale survey of all known local populations of spotted handfish within the Derwent Estuary and conducted exploratory surveys in the D'Entrecasteaux Channel. We also consolidated all historic density estimates from these sites to provide trend data for this species. This has delivered a scientifically robust monitoring program to track conservation trajectories and performance of the recently signed recovery plan across all known local populations (Recovery plan actions 4a, 4b, 4d and 4e). Collecting this data is crucial for informed implementation of policy such as further targeted placement of artificial spawning habitat (ASH) (Actions 1c and 1d) and to determine minimum population size to inform sustainable capture of brood-stock for an 'ambassador fish' project to build capacity to undertake a captive breeding project with industry (Action 3b-c). Other on-ground conservation outcomes include purchasing eco-friendly moorings for placement into critical handfish habitat (Action 2c), and engagement with the broader community through talks, outreach and publications (Action 6a).


She doesn't hang about - her latest album 'Honeymoon' only came out last September.
Just six months on from releasing her latest album 'Honeymoon' - which came out last September - it looks like Lana Del Rey is back in the studio again.
The musician posted one of those new-fangled selfies on Instagram, with the caption "every day." One can reasonably assume, then, that she's planning on being in said studio every day for the forseeable future. Sounds a bit like solid studio work on a new album, tbh.
Watch Lana Del Rey's video for 'High By The Beach' below.


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Home | Mises Library | The "State of Nature" Is a State of Poverty
The "State of Nature" Is a State of Poverty
World HistoryHistory of the Austrian School of EconomicsInterventionismOther Schools of Thought
03/23/2019Ludwig von Mises
From time immemorial men have prattled about the blissful conditions their ancestors enjoyed in the original "state of nature." From old myths, fables, and poems the image of this primitive happiness passed into many popular philosophies of the 17th and 18th centuries. In their language, the term natural denoted what was good and beneficial in human affairs, while the term civilization had the connotation of opprobrium. The fall of man was seen in the deviation from the primitive conditions of ages in which there was but little difference between man and other animals. At that time, these romantic eulogists of the past asserted, there were no conflicts between men. Peace was undisturbed in the Garden of Eden.
Yet nature does not generate peace and good will. The characteristic mark of the "state of nature" is irreconcilable conflict. Each specimen is the rival of all other specimens. The means of subsistence are scarce and do not grant survival to all. The conflicts can never disappear. If a band of men, united with the object of defeating rival bands, succeeds in annihilating its foes, new antagonisms arise among the victors over the distribution of the booty. The source of the conflicts is always the fact that each man's portion curtails the portions of all other men. This is a dilemma that does not allow of any peaceful solution.
What makes friendly relations between human beings possible is the higher productivity of the division of labor. It removes the natural conflict of interests. For where there is division of labor, there is no longer a question of the distribution of a supply not capable of enlargement. Thanks to the higher productivity of labor performed under the division of tasks, the supply of goods multiplies. A preeminent common interest, the preservation and further intensification of social cooperation, becomes paramount and obliterates all essential collisions.
Catallactic competition is substituted for biological competition. It makes for harmony of the interests of all members of society. The very condition from which the irreconcilable conflicts of biological competition arise — viz., the fact that all people by and large strive after the same things — is transformed into a factor making for harmony of interests. Because many people or even all people want bread, clothes, shoes, and cars, large-scale production of these goods becomes feasible and reduces the costs of production to such an extent that they are accessible at low prices.
The fact that my fellow man wants to acquire shoes as I do, does not make it harder for me to get shoes, but easier. What enhances the price of shoes is the fact that nature does not provide a more ample supply of leather and other raw materials required, and that one must submit to the disutility of labor in order to transform these raw materials into shoes. The catallactic competition of those who, like me, are eager to have shoes makes shoes cheaper, not more expensive.
This is the meaning of the theorem of the harmony of the rightly understood interests of all members of the market society.1
When the classical economists made this statement, they were trying to stress two points:
that everybody is interested in the preservation of the social division of labor, the system that multiplies the productivity of human efforts
that in the market society consumers' demand ultimately directs all production activities
The fact that not all human wants can be satisfied is not due to inappropriate social institutions or to deficiencies of the system of the market economy. It is a natural condition of human life. The belief that nature bestows upon man inexhaustible riches and that misery is an outgrowth of man's failure to organize the good society is entirely fallacious.
The "state of nature" that the reformers and utopians depicted as paradisiac was in fact a state of extreme poverty and distress.
"Poverty," says Bentham, "is not the work of the laws, it is the primitive condition of the human race."2
Even those at the base of the social pyramid are much better off than they would have been in the absence of social cooperation. They too are benefited by the operation of the market economy and participate in the advantages of civilized society.
The 19th-century reformers did not drop the cherished fable of the original earthly paradise. Frederick Engels incorporated it in the Marxian account of mankind's social evolution. However, they no longer set up the bliss of the aurea aetas as a pattern for social and economic reconstruction. They contrast the alleged depravity of capitalism with the ideal happiness man will enjoy in the socialist Elysium of the future. The socialist mode of production will abolish the fetters by means of which capitalism checks the development of the productive forces, and will increase the productivity of labor and wealth beyond all measure. The preservation of free enterprise and the private ownership of the means of production benefits exclusively the small minority of parasitic exploiters and harms the immense majority of working men. Hence there prevails within the frame of the market society an irreconcilable conflict between the interests of "capital" and those of "labor." This class struggle can disappear only when a fair system of social organization — either socialism or interventionism — is substituted for the manifestly unfair capitalist mode of production.
Such is the almost universally accepted social philosophy of our age. It was not created by Marx, although it owes its popularity mainly to the writings of Marx and the Marxians. It is today endorsed not only by the Marxians, but no less by most of those parties who emphatically declare their anti-Marxism, and pay lip service to free enterprise. It is the official social philosophy of Roman Catholicism as well as of Anglo-Catholicism; it is supported by many eminent champions of the various Protestant denominations and of the Orthodox Oriental Church. It is an essential part of the teachings of Italian Fascism and of German Nazism and of all varieties of interventionist doctrines. It was the ideology of the Sozialpolitik of the Hohenzollerns in Germany and the French royalists aiming at the restoration of the house of Bourbon-Orléans, of the New Deal of President Roosevelt, and of the nationalists of Asia and Latin America. The antagonisms between these parties and factions refer to accidental issues — such as religious dogma, constitutional institutions, foreign policy — and, first of all, to the characteristic features of the social system that is to be substituted for capitalism. But they all agree in the fundamental thesis that the very existence of the capitalist system harms the vital interests of the immense majority of workers, artisans, and small farmers, and they all ask in the name of social justice for the abolition of capitalism.3
"The belief that nature bestows upon man inexhaustible riches and that misery is an outgrowth of man's failure to organize the good society is entirely fallacious."
All socialist and interventionist authors and politicians base their analysis and critique of the market economy on two fundamental errors. First, they fail to recognize the speculative character inherent in all endeavors to provide for future want satisfaction, i.e., in all human action. They naively assume that there cannot exist any doubt about the measures to be applied for the best possible provisioning of the consumers. In a socialist commonwealth there will be no need for the production tsar (or the central board of production management) to speculate. He will "simply" have to resort to those measures which are beneficial to his wards.
The advocates of a planned economy have never conceived that the task is to provide for future wants that may differ from today's wants and to employ the various available factors of production in the most expedient way for the best possible satisfaction of these uncertain future wants. They have not conceived that the problem is to allocate scarce factors of production to the various branches of production in such a way that no wants considered more urgent should remain unsatisfied because the factors of production required for their satisfaction were employed, i.e., wasted, for the satisfaction of wants considered less urgent.
This economic problem must not be confused with the technological problem. Technological knowledge can merely tell us what could be achieved under the present state of our scientific insight. It does not answer the questions as to what should be produced and in what quantities, and which of the multitude of technological processes available should be chosen. Deluded by their failure to grasp this essential matter, the advocates of a planned society believe that the production tsar will never err in his decisions.
In the market economy the entrepreneurs and capitalists cannot avoid committing serious blunders because they know neither what the consumers want nor what their competitors are doing. The general manager of a socialist state will be infallible because he alone will have the power to determine what should be produced and how, and because no action of other people will cross his plans.4
The second fundamental error involved in the socialists' critique of the market economy stems from their faulty theory of wages. They have failed to realize that wages are the price paid for the wage earner's achievement, i.e., for the contribution of his efforts to the processing of the good concerned or, as people say, for the value his services add to the value of the materials. No matter whether there are time wages or piece work wages, the employer always buys the worker's performance and services, not his time.
It is therefore not true that in the unhampered market economy the worker has no personal interest in the execution of his task. The socialists are badly mistaken in asserting that those paid a certain rate per hour, per day, per week, per month, or per year are not impelled by their own selfish interests when they work efficiently. It is not lofty ideals and the sense of duty that deter a worker paid according to the length of time worked from carelessness and loafing around the shop, but very substantial arguments. He who works more and better gets higher pay, and he who wants to earn more must increase the quantity and improve the quality of his performance.
The hard-boiled employers are not so gullible as to let themselves be cheated by slothful employees; they are not so negligent as those governments who pay salaries to hosts of loafing bureaucrats. Neither are the wage earners so stupid as not to know that laziness and inefficiency are heavily penalized on the labor market.
On the shaky ground of their misconception of the catallactic nature of wages, the socialist authors have advanced fantastic fables about the increase in the productivity of labor to be expected from the realization of their plans. Under capitalism, they say, the worker's zeal is seriously impaired because he is aware of the fact that he himself does not reap the fruits of his labor and that his toil and trouble enrich merely his employer, this parasitic and idle exploiter. But under socialism every worker will know that he works for the benefit of society, of which he himself is a part. This knowledge will provide him with the most powerful incentive to do his best. An enormous increase in the productivity of labor and thereby in wealth will result.
However, the identification of the interests of each worker and those of the socialist commonwealth is a purely legalistic and formalistic fiction that has nothing to do with the real state of affairs. While the sacrifices an individual worker makes in intensifying his own exertion burden him alone, only an infinitesimal fraction of the produce of his additional exertion benefits himself and improves his own wellbeing. While the individual worker enjoys completely the pleasures he may reap by yielding to the temptation to carelessness and laziness, the resulting impairment of the social dividend curtails his own share only infinitesimally.
Under such a socialist mode of production all personal incentives that selfishness provides under capitalism are removed, and a premium is put upon laziness and negligence. Whereas in a capitalist society selfishness incites everyone to the utmost diligence, in a socialist society it makes for inertia and laxity. The socialists may still babble about the miraculous change in human nature that the advent of socialism will effect, and about the substitution of lofty altruism for mean egotism. But they must no longer indulge in fables about the marvelous effects the selfishness of each individual will bring about under socialism.5
"The 'state of nature' that the reformers and utopians depicted as paradisiac was in fact a state of extreme poverty and distress."
No judicious man can fail to conclude from the evidence of these considerations that in the market economy the productivity of labor is incomparably higher than it would be under socialism. However, this cognition does not settle the question between the advocates of capitalism and those of socialism from a praxeological, i.e., scientific, point of view.
A bona fide advocate of socialism who is free from bigotry, prepossession, and malice could still contend, "It may be true that P, the total net income turned out in a market society, is larger than p, the total net income turned out in a socialist society. But if the socialist system assigns to each of its members an equal share of p (viz., p/z = d), all those whose income in the market society is smaller than d are favored by the substitution of socialism for capitalism. It may happen that this group of people includes the majority of men. At any rate it becomes evident that the doctrine of the harmony between the rightly understood interests of all members of the market society is untenable. There is a class of men whose interests are hurt by the very existence of the market economy and who would be better off under socialism."
The liberals contest the conclusiveness of this reasoning. They believe that p will lag so much behind P that d will be smaller than the income that even those earning the lowest wages get in the market society. There can be no doubt that the objection raised by the liberals is well-founded. However, their refutation of the socialist claims is not based on praxeological considerations and therefore lacks the apodictic and incontestable argumentative power inherent in a praxeological demonstration. It is based on a judgment of relevance, the quantitative appraisal of the difference between the two magnitudes P and p. In the field of human action such quantitative cognition is obtained by understanding, with regard to which full agreement between men cannot be reached. Praxeology, economics, and catallactics are of no use for the settlement of such dissensions concerning quantitative issues.
The advocates of socialism could even go further and say, "Granted that each individual will be worse off under socialism than even the poorest under capitalism. Yet we spurn the market economy in spite of the fact that it supplies everybody with more goods than socialism. We disapprove of capitalism on ethical grounds as an unfair and amoral system. We prefer socialism on grounds commonly called noneconomic and put up with the fact that it impairs everybody's material well-being."6
It cannot be denied that this haughty indifference with regard to material well-being is a privilege reserved to ivory-tower intellectuals, secluded from reality, and to ascetic anchorites. What made socialism popular with the immense majority of its supporters was, on the contrary, the illusion that it would supply them with more amenities than capitalism. But however this may be, it is obvious that this type of prosocialist argumentation cannot be touched by the liberal reasoning concerning the productivity of labor.
"Whereas in a capitalist society selfishness incites everyone to the utmost diligence, in a socialist society it makes for inertia and laxity."
If no other objections could be raised to the socialist plans than that socialism will lower the standard of living of all or at least of the immense majority, it would be impossible for praxeology to pronounce a final judgment. Men would have to decide the issue between capitalism and socialism on the ground of judgments of value and of judgments of relevance. They would have to choose between the two systems as they choose between many other things. No objective standard could be discovered that would make it possible to settle the dispute in a manner that allows no contradiction and must be accepted by every sane individual. The freedom of each man's choice and discretion would not be annihilated by inexorable necessity.
However, the true state of affairs is entirely different. Man is not in a position to choose between these two systems. Human cooperation under the system of the social division of labor is possible only in the market economy. Socialism is not a realizable system of society's economic organization because it lacks any method of economic calculation. …
The establishment of this truth does not amount to a depreciation of the conclusiveness and the convincing power of the antisocialist argument derived from the impairment of productivity to be expected from socialism. The weight of this objection raised to the socialist plans is so overwhelming that no judicious man could hesitate to choose capitalism. Yet this would still be a choice between alternative systems of society's economic organization, preference given to one system as against another.
However, such is not the alternative. Socialism cannot be realized because it is beyond human power to establish it as a social system. The choice is between capitalism and chaos.
A man who chooses between drinking a glass of milk and a glass of a solution of potassium cyanide does not choose between two beverages; he chooses between life and death. A society that chooses between capitalism and socialism does not choose between two social systems; it chooses between social cooperation and the disintegration of society.
Socialism is not an alternative to capitalism; it is an alternative to any system under which men can live as human beings. To stress this point is the task of economics as it is the task of biology and chemistry to teach that potassium cyanide is not a nutriment but a deadly poison.
This article is excerpted from chapter 24 of Human Action under the subtitled "The Harmony of the 'Rightly Understood' Interests."
1. For "rightly understood" interests we may as well say interests "in the long run."
2. Cf. Bentham, "Principles of the Civil Code," in Works, I, 309.
3. The official doctrine of the Roman Church is outlined in the encyclical Quadragesimo anno of Pope Pius XI (1931). The Anglo-Catholic doctrine is presented by the late William Temple, Archbishop of Canterbury, in the book Christianity and the Social Order (Penguin Special, 1942). Representative of the ideas of European continental Protestantism is the book of Emil Brunner, Justice and the Social Order, trans. by M. Hottinger (New York, 1945). A highly significant document is the section on "The Church and Disorder of Society" of the draft report which the World Council of Churches in September, 1948 recommended for appropriate action to the one hundred and fifty–odd denominations whose delegates are members of the Council. For the ideas of Nicolas Berdyaew, the most eminent apologist of Russian Orthodoxy, cf. his book The Origin of Russian Communism (London, 1937), especially pp. 217–218 and 225. It is often asserted that an essential difference between the Marxians and the other socialist and interventionist parties is to be found in the fact that the Marxians stand for class struggle, while the latter parties look at the class struggle as upon a deplorable outgrowth of the irreconcilable conflict of class interests inherent in capitalism and want to overcome it by the realization of the reforms they recommend. However, the Marxians do not praise and kindle the class struggle for its own sake. In their eyes the class struggle is good only because it is the device by means of which the "productive forces," those mysterious forces directing the course of human evolution, are bound to bring about the "classless" society in which there will be neither classes nor class conflicts.
4. The thorough exposure of this delusion is provided by the proof of the impossibility of economic calculation under socialism. See the fifth part of this book, below.
5. The doctrine refuted in the text found its most brilliant expositor in John Stuart Mill (Principles of Political Economy [People's ed., London, 1867], pp. 126 ff.). However, Mill resorted to this doctrine merely in order to refute an objection raised against socialism, viz., that, by eliminating the incentive provided by selfishness, it would impair the productivity of labor. He was not so blind as to assert that the productivity of labor would multiply under socialism. For an analysis and refutation of Mill's reasoning, cf. Mises, Socialism, pp. 173–181.
6. This mode of reasoning was mainly resorted to by many eminent champions of Christian socialism. The Marxians used to recommend socialism on the ground that it would multiply productivity and bring unprecedented material wealth to everybody. Only lately have they changed their tactics. They declare that the Russian worker is happier than the American worker in spite of the fact that his standard of living is much lower; the knowledge that he lives under a fair social system compensates by far for all his material hardships.
Ludwig von Mises was the acknowledged leader of the Austrian school of economic thought, a prodigious originator in economic theory, and a prolific author. Mises's writings and lectures encompassed economic theory, history, epistemology, government, and political philosophy. His contributions to economic theory include important clarifications on the quantity theory of money, the theory of the trade cycle, the integration of monetary theory with economic theory in general, and a demonstration that socialism must fail because it cannot solve the problem of economic calculation. Mises was the first scholar to recognize that economics is part of a larger science in human action, a science that he called praxeology.
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Q: Flutter BLoC complex list yield ErrorState There is this Flutter BLoC example of complex list - https://github.com/felangel/bloc/tree/master/examples/flutter_complex_list
While everything in here makes sense, I am struggling to understand how can I yield ErrorState after clicking on trash icon.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Studies have demonstrated that providing instruction for and intervening in the family of children with special needs during their treatment process may represent an effective way of ensuring adequate parental support. Moreover, since each phase of the development of a child with special needs may create novel demands, the professionals have shown to be required to review their actions throughout the treatment. The current study aimed to identify the major demands from mothers of children with severe cerebral palsy as regards the instructions provided by the professionals involved in their child s treatment as well as other sources of support for child care and development. Three important milestones in child development were taken into account: (a) preschool period; (b) early school period; and (c) early adolescence. Firstly, the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) for Cerebral Palsy was translated and cross-cultural adapted to be used by Brazilian professionals. Accordingly, it was translated to Portuguese and its content was analyzed. Back-translation was conducted to ensure equivalence. The participants were nine mothers of children with cerebral palsy, who were divided into three groups according to their child s ages. Semistructured interview was used to collect data on child care, treatment, accessibility, types and levels of support, questions, difficulties, expectations, and parent-professional relationship. The Collective Subject Discourse was the method used to analyze the interviews. The results were presented according to the demands for each of the phases, being later discussed by comparing groups. The results of this study demonstrate that difficulties, questions and concerns about child care varied according to the child s developmental phase. In the initial phases, the major demands were related to questions about the child s survival, the lack of knowledge about proper child care, difficulties with the child s general health and the insecurity about the characteristics of the disorder. After meeting these demands, the mothers started to create expectations and raise queries about the child s development and prognosis, suggesting that they started to worry about the acquisition of walking, language and independence. Concern over child s weight, length and sexuality and the emergence of deformities are raised as important demands in the period close to adolescence. This study intends to contribute towards both an improvement of knowledge in the area and a better understanding of these family needs by providing reflection tools and suggesting intervention practices with this population.


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Published 8:44 pm Thursday, July 2, 2009
The 2008-09 academic year featured many memorable athletic moments.
Below is a list of the 10 best games of that time period that were covered by The Clanton Advertiser. Games were judged based on the way they ended as well as the significance of the outcome.
10. Mustangs win wild one
March 23: Isabella outlasted Thorsby, 18-16, in an eight-inning slugfest of a softball game.
The two teams combined for 38 hits, 11 walks and nine errors and scored in 13 of 16 half-innings.
The game was either tied or the lead changed hands on nine occasions.
9. Mustangs off to best start ever
Sept. 12, 2008: There were some tense moments, but the Isabella volleyball team defeated Marbury in the last match of the day to clinch the Isabella Invitational tournament and remain unbeaten on the year.
The Class 2A No. 7 Mustangs (11-0, a school best start) defeated both LAMP and Thorsby before the match-up with Marbury.
Before the tournament, the Bulldogs were the only team to have taken a game from Isabella this season, and they did it again on Saturday.
Marbury took Game 1 26-24 after trailing 18-23. The Mustangs came back with a vengeance, though, with a 25-6 win in Game 2 and a 15-5 decision in Game 3.
8. Fourth-quarter rally lifts Marbury over Comer
Oct. 3, 2008: The Marbury football team used fourth-quarter touchdowns by brothers Wesley and Pierre Warren and a game-saving tackle as time expired to overcome a 10-point deficit and defeat B.B. Comer, 28-22.
Houston Powell and Brandon Locker teamed up to tackle the B.B. Comer quarterback at the Marbury 2-yard line at the end of the game.
7. Rebels into final round
Jan. 9: Thorsby's boys basketball team earned a berth in the Chilton County Basketball Tournament's championship game with an exciting 54-52 decision over Jemison.
The Rebels will face Chilton County High at 6:30 p.m.
Eddie Hubbard banked in a 3-pointer with 1:24 left to give Thorsby a 53-52 lead, and Jemison couldn't convert on any of three possessions with the clock winding down.
6. Billingsley comes up two extra points short at Linden
Sept. 25, 2008: Two missed extra points in the second half doomed the Billingsley football team in a 27-26 loss at Linden.
5. Two times tragic
Nov. 14, 2008: The Billingsley Bears football team matched homestanding Linden touchdown for touchdown, but could only make one conversion, and that was again the difference as the Bears fell to the No. 3 Patriots 33-32 in the second round of the Class 1A playoffs.
4. Rebels are county champs
April 14: Have you ever coached a baseball game using a cell phone while driving down the road?
You might not be able to say you have, but Thorsby's head baseball coach, Ab Argent, can now add such an accomplishment to his resume.
With his team set to play in the Chilton County Baseball Tournament championship, Argent was off to scout the Rebels' opponent, Ranburne, in the Class 2A state playoffs set to start Friday.
With Argent on the cell phone in the dug out, his team came back from two runs down to beat the homestanding Jemison Panthers and claim the county championship, winning 5-3.
3. 7th grader gives Panthers historic win
March 12: Jemison's boys tennis team defeated St. James for the first time in coach Benton Morton's eight years, and the 5-4 decision came down to the last match of the day.
Seventh grader Jake Long was carried off the court by his teammates after his 10-6 win in the No. 6 singles position improved the Panthers to 4-0 on the season.
"The whole place watching, girls and boys…the pressure," Morton said. "I couldn't even watch myself.
"He was nervous, but he seemed pretty cool."
2. Tigers are playoff bound
April 10: Chilton County's baseball team defeated Carver-Montgomery, 9-8, to secure the program's first playoff berth since 2003 in coach Josey Shannon's first year.
CCHS was three outs away from reaching the playoffs, but Carver would not go down without a fight as the Wolverines rallied to score three runs on two hits and on error in the bottom of the seventh inning.
1. Streak-busting seniors
Aug. 28, 2008: Jemison tried something different this year.
Usually a motivational tactic in the offseason, Panthers football coach Brad Abbott said there was no mention beforehand of the team's pending game against rival Chilton County.
It worked. Jemison broke its four-year losing streak to the Tigers (0-1) with a 28-21 win.
Eric Argo and running back Merrell Morrow—and the rest of the Jemison seniors—avoided ending their careers without a win over their rivals when they connected on the 33-yard game-winning play with 59 seconds remaining in the game.
Pressure forced Argo out of the pocket, and he rolled left as Morrow broke off his designed slant route and found space in the middle of the field. Argo dumped it off, and Morrow did the rest.
– compiled by Stephen Dawkins
Driver leads Panthers to overcome rocky start
Varsity Boys All Tournament Team
Varsity Girls All Tournament Team
Hunnicutt Scholar Athlete awards given
Pay is deserved even if ridiculous


Colorado has a long list of Christmas traditions, both local and regional, like the lighting of the Denver Civic Center or Christmas parades at night. One tradition that has an international impact is NORADs tracking Santa as he makes his way across the world.
The Durango & Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad will run it's Polar Express out of Durango on Dec. 1-2, 8-10, 15-23 and an afterglow run on the 27. Trains run at 5:10 p.m., 6:45 p.m., and 8:15 p.m. Reservations are required, tickets can be purchased online at www.durangotrain.com or by calling the D&SNG ticket office at (877)-TRAIN-07.
The Manitou & Pikes Peak Cog Railway west of Colorado Springs will be running a Santa Claus Special Train twice a day (10:30am & 1:20pm) on Dec. 2, 9, 16 & 23 to their Four Mile siding for a rendezvous with Kris Kringle. Tickets are $15 and seating is extremely limited. You must call to make reservations at (719) 685-5401, as no Christmas trains will be booked online.
The Royal Gorge Route in Canon City will host Santa on Dec. 2-3, 9-10 and 16-24th on 12:30 pm departures. Call for reservations or make them online.
The Colorado Railroad Museum in Golden has a Santa Claus Special on Dec 2-3. Santa will be in a big red caboose at the museum and food will be available. The train will be running between 10 am and 4 pm. Train ride and visit with Santa are free with regular admission.
Now you may wonder how Santa is going to ride 4 different trains across the state on December 2nd. I happen to know that Santa's administrative assistants are extremely efficient and have not double booked him. He will be at all of these locations through his special magic. However, if you happen to miss him, you can always drop by and visit him at the North Pole, which just happens to be slightly west (?) of Colorado Springs.


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Pope Francis calls Christmas a 'charade' as the 'world continues to wage war'
Pope Francis said Thursday in a sermon Christmas this year will be a "charade" because the "world continues to wage war" and "we do not understand peace."
"Today, Jesus weeps as well because we have chosen the way of war, the way of hatred, the way of enmities. We are close to Christmas. There will be lights, there will be parties, bright trees, even Nativity scenes — all decked out — while the world continues to wage war," he said during Mass at the chapel of the Santa Marta residence in the Vatican.
The pontiff said of the Christmas cheer, "It's all a charade,"
"What shall remain? Ruins, thousands of children without education, so many innocent victims and lots of money in the pockets of arms dealers. Jesus once said: 'You can not serve two masters: Either God or riches.' War is the right choice for him, who would serve wealth: 'Let us build weapons, so that the economy will right itself somewhat, and let us go forward in pursuit of our interests.
There is an ugly word the Lord spoke: 'Cursed!' Because He said: 'Blessed are the peacemakers!' The men who work war, who make war, are cursed, they are criminals," Francis said.
"A war can be justified — so to speak — with many, many reasons, but when all the world as it is today, at war — piecemeal though that war may be — a little here, a little there, and everywhere — there is no justification — and God weeps. Jesus weeps."
By Maria Stainer - The Washington Times


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Click to Join our Facebook group Fargo ND Anti Illuminati Party
"Coming together is a beginning. Keeping together
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is success."
The mission of the Anti-Illuminati Party, should God deign to avail us, is to defend and promote real "Liberty and Justice for all," formed by the wisdom contained in the United States Constitution, particularly its Bill of Rights, and inspired by the U. S. way of "Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness."
– Our strategy for promoting these consists in grassroots educational and political campaigns.
– Crucially, we of the Anti-Illuminati Party reject any unthinkingly trendy denial or politically expedient downplaying of the well-established fact that the N.W.O. Globalists, or "Illuminati," do in fact occupy key offices and abuse their clout to promote the goals of their élitist cabal.
– Because of their powerful members they can, and in fact do, silence and manipulate the American People.
– To indict, counter, undermine, block and expose these tactics of theirs constitutes our mission, and our lifeblood.
– If sound government is to be restored, all the New World Order Globalists must have all their cheaply-bought authority pulled: "We must remove the weeds from public office: they are choking Freedom and the Tree of Liberty" (Daniel J Leach, Jr.).
– The Anti-Illuminati Party identifies the N.W.O. as "an élitist association that exploits the commoner and violates the United States Republic's first principles."
– We deem it imperative that every United Statesman must organize to indict, counter, undermine, block and expose these High Traitors.
– We the members of the Anti-Illuminati Party resolve to support no N.W.O. globalist or Illuminist/Illuminatus in any way or sense.
– Under the "Anti-Illuminati Party" banner we aim to unite those who are too often disenfranchised by the current political climate.
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Signed this 4th day of July, 2010
Daniel J. Leach,
John P. McGuire,
Matt Love,
Mike LaRocca
Joseph Farrara
WE THE PEOPLE of the Anti New World Order Party, in solidarity with the AntiCommunismParty.com, InternationalChristianParty.com, AntiIlluminatiParty.com, JesusChristParty.com want our leaders to be our servants and not the other way around. We see it as pointless to carry on denying that a powerful Elite bloodline of the secret society's that calls itself the "New World Order" is, by all the evidence, attempting to rule our country in defiance of the United States Constitution (which all public servants are sworn to uphold), the Bill of Rights (i.e. the first ten amendments to the Constitution), the Republic's first principles, the common good, common law, natural law, divine law and common sense, all of which it is government's only role to champion…or if it cannot for whatever reason to move over and let the people do it. We do not endorse the Tea Party or the Occupy Movement because they has become (predictably perhaps) an Illuminati Shadow Government shill. We are however disgusted with the labeling of "racist" those who advocate for the plain and manifest decency of territorial continence. True United States Americans are neighbors not enemies. The people can never be the enemy, only the government. We have had it with the absurd infighting, with the élite-created right-left paradigm deliberately engineered to divide and conquer us the people.
The term New World Order (abbreviated N.W.O.) refers to the emerging bureaucratic collectivist one-world government that serves the interests of a minority élite cabal rather than those of the common man, woman and child who has neutral or even negative value to their imperialist view. The N.W.O. is a wealthy, stealthy, amoral and dangerous élite with a globalist agenda that schemes at all cost to govern all earthlings with an autocratic system to abrogate the function of sovereign nation-states and dissolve the United States of America. Significant events in the worlds of politics and finance are orchestrated by an extremely influential think-tank utilizing certain front organizations which, though their usefulness tends to elude decent persons, are legitimized through heavy use of "weapons of mass-distraction" like propagandistic buzzwords, numerous forms of browbeating and any number of Machiavellian stunts. The success or failure of their agenda rests heavily upon confusion and corruption of the people which is today at an unprecedented index. They rely on sell-outs and false heroes from among the people: without these they have nothing to use to toy with us in their accustomed manner.
INASMUCH AS a "shadow-history" which may be researched by using certain key search words and symbols (such as those linked in green and repeated in list form below) would readily demonstrate steps in this plot-in-progress to achieve world domination via recluse sessions hosting key officials, meetings which meet and exceed the parameters for high treason in the United States Constitution. As just one example the New World Order's international bankers (who are its chiefs) deliberated to erect the United States' current privatized Federal Reserve System in 1913, and eight years later in 1921 formed the Council on Foreign Relations (C.F.R.) to serve as a shadow government to guide and eventually replace the United States Republic. (Other associated institutions include the International Monetary Fund [I.M.F.], the United Nations [U.N.], the Bilderberg Group [members are "Bilderbergers"], the Club of Rome, the Bohemian Club [who meet at the Bohemian Grove in Northern California for hedonism and mock human sacrifice], Yale University's Skull and Bones Society, Freemasonry/Illuminati/Knights Templar/Khazars.) The N.W.O. is employed by this secretive élite body for the dismantling of all national sovereignties.
THEREFORE it is our intention to restore the United States of America to her founding documents (starting with the United States Constitution with its Bill of Rights) and to declare "null and void" all laws and treaties that are so grievously unconstitutional (such as the Federal Reserve Act). We starkly proclaim that not only leaders here stateside but N.W.O. accomplices and accessories abroad oppose every conceivable notion of good citizenship.
The true patriot knows that whenever anyone's rights are
violated, everyone's rights are endangered. Such a one fiercely resists
all attempts to edit the Constitution in a way that undermines the
rights and freedoms of others. He does all that is possible to ensure
that the Constitution will never be amended or interpreted to endorse
any kind of discrimination.
(Paragraph adapted from Steve Davis's "About Steve" section of his "Info" page.)
INASMUCH AS among the guiltiest are many if not the majority of our judges, bankers, politicians and C.E.O.s. Citizens of the Anti New Word Order Party know that this Establishment amounts to an élitist cabal that represents the very soul of corruption, perversion, ambition and greed. Moreover, we know that the lodges' oaths bind their members to favor their "brethren" over "outsiders" in the markets, the courts and in every forum imaginable. In fact Freemasonry is what the Mafia system and ritual is based upon. (Does that figure or what?)
THEREFORE the Anti New World Order Party is committed to improving the lives of every citizen of these United States of America. Through principled advocacy, mass outreach and timely advisories we can effectively empower the common man anew. For example we regularly meet with legislators, attend hearings and support candidates who support a vision of the sovereignty of these United States. We have successfully advocated for several key improvements in our local communities so we can prepare as best we can for our children and their future families.
Our base is daily growing as citizens find their voice and a concordantly renewed morale. If you are a concerned United States citizen, you too are called upon to make a difference. Subscribe to our Facebook Page, and call this very minute to learn surprising ways in which your thoughts and skills can move liberty forward.
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Fox News fans are not happy that their favorite network is filing an amicus brief on behalf of CNN's Jim Acosta, who had his White House press pass revoked by the Trump administration last week.
After Fox News media critic Howard Kurtz tweeted out Wallace's announcement that his network would be supporting Acosta's challenge to his press pass getting revoked, he was met with heavy criticism from several of his followers, who saw Fox's decision to show solidarity with CNN as a clear betrayal of President Donald Trump.
First Tell me where the first amd guarantees you access to anyone and anywhere?
If I was @realDonaldTrump @PressSec I would solve the problem by NOT holding any press briefings! Kinda of takes the poor media (FYI that isn't needed anymore) out of the POOR LITTLE OLD ME coverage!
Fox has joined the swamp !!!
So it's true. CNN controls the programming at Fox!!!


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For truckers - VBS
Sustainable development portal
Slovenski Trajnostni portal
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Organisation chart of Luka Koper, d.d.
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Port & terminal information books
Operations on terminals
How to work with us?
Port community contacts
E-container
Announcements of ships, pilot planes and mooring
Operations plan on container vessels
Port Handbook
Entrance and movement in the port area
Information for ships
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Request for new VBS user
Port connections
Sailing list
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Information about dividends
Ownership structure - 30 Jun 2019
Cargo statistics
E-news subscription
E-mail contact form
Ten years of development and growth
Overview of operations of the last ten years, when the Port of Koper became one of the most important ports in the region.
The success, growth and development of port activity is measured in the long term. Considering that we have entered the new decade, we have prepared an overview of the operations of the last ten years, when the Port of Koper became one of the most important ports in the region. In the sphere of containers, Luka Koper took over the primacy in the northern Adriatic already in 2010 and maintains it today. In 2009, the Port of Koper extended the Pier I and increased the capacity of the Container Terminal, which enabled the establishment of direct shipping lines to the Far East and the development of railway services to the hinterland markets. In the sphere of cars, the Port of Koper is one of the largest automotive ports in the Mediterranean.
The company's strategic orientation in the field of containers and cars is also clear from the comparison of the throughput structure. Containers and cars, which are also identified as strategic cargoes in the company's Strategic Business Plan until 2025, now account for 46% of the total maritime throughput. In both cases, these are commodities with higher added value and less environmental impact.
In the sphere of containers and cars, in the ten last years the company has doubled the quantities measured in container units and number of vehicles. Total throughput increased by a third. The number of trucks has more than doubled, reflecting the extraordinary dynamics of economic development in the hinterland countries, particularly in the automotive and container sectors. The number of trains increased by almost a third, despite the restrictions of the single-track line between Koper and Divača.
MARSEC SECURITY LEVEL
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How many have had the drive train malfunction error?
Wonder how many of these "drive-train malfunction" errors are equivalent to the Windows "blue-screen-of-death", caused by a software glitch code stumble that a re-boot/reset fixes?
I just had my i3 towed, dead as a door nail until the guys tried to jump start it, but all the safeguards on the vehicle shut them out. So we are assuming it's a battery thing. The lights flashed and clicked until it went totally dead and before this happened I had 50k on the car and used the REX 2 miles to get home. Shutting it off the motor still ran and I plugged in the charger. Today it had zero charge and was mostly dead. Unplugging it from the charger Nd closing the port door, that locked and would not open again. Couldn't get it into neutral for towing Nd was forwArd facing in my garage, which then they had to drag it out on skates and onto a flatbed. Thankful I have triple AAA. but they tried for over an hour and a half to try anything to get it out of the garage. I will never front face in my garage again. I love this car , am hopeful, so will see what they say. It's a 2015 Rex. And has almost every option you can get on it.
If you try to charge the 12vdc battery without following proper procedures (that requires disconnecting the safety HV switch), you can damage things, maybe a lot.
i3StormTrooper wrote: Picked up my car tonight drove about 25 miles without issue.
Moisture in the range extender electrical machine. Performed vehicle test. Found fault stord for isolation resistance. Followed the test plan. Test plan checked isolation resistance and found OK. test plan indicated problem caused by moisture in the range extender electrical machine. Performed drying procedure by removing temperature sensor 6mm and running the engine for 3 hours. Before engine run, discharged vehicle battery with electrical consumers. Perform drying procedure. Reinstall temperature sensor. Torque bolts to 5NM and TECH 3 verifed this. Cleared fault memory and drove the vehicle. No faults or indicators returned. Charged the vehicle battery to full capacity.
Just picked up my 'new to me' 2014 I3 Rex with 60k kms on it. Drove mainly on REX for a 900 trip back home and got the "Drivetrain malfunction". I do have BimmerLink and will check it later today and report back.
Regarding the dead 12V batt, I'm I over simplyfing it? I ordered and cigarette lighter plug with USB and voltage display. This should give me a clue?
si2t3m wrote: Regarding the dead 12V batt, I'm I over simplyfing it? I ordered and cigarette lighter plug with USB and voltage display. This should give me a clue?
I've been driving with a 12 V voltmeter in the auxiliary power port under the climate control system controls for over a year hoping that it will detect a failing 12 V battery. However, the i3's 12 V system behaves so differently from any I am familiar with that I'm not so confident that this voltmeter will detect weak 12 V battery.
Because of the low capacity of the 12 V battery, the power required to boot several controllers when the doors are unlocked or opened or the hatch or frunk opened pulls the 12 V system voltage down as low as 11.9 V before the DC-DC converter boots which then begins charging the 12 V battery raising the 12 V system voltage to ~14.3 V.
When I first installed the voltmeter, I was concerned that this behavior indicated a weak 12 V battery, so I asked my BMW dealer to check the 12 V battery. His shop foreman told me in November, 2017, that this is normal i3 behavior and that my 12 V battery tested good. In March, 2019, the same 12 V battery continues working as it always has.
The DC-DC converter is very aggressive keeping the 12 V battery charged, so it's difficult to measure the battery's resting voltage. I finally connected a voltmeter to the 12 V terminals beneath the cargo floor by running the leads up through the underside of the car. This allowed me to monitor the 12 V battery without opening the hatch, doors, or frunk which would turn on the DC-DC converter. The resting voltage seemed to be within the normal range. However, I did not leave these leads attached to the 12 V terminals, so I can't easily check the 12 V battery's resting voltage whenever I want.
I own a June 2014 build i3 Rex which I have had for over a year. Apart from the recall work, it's been pretty trouble free and, most important, fun, practical and almost completely electric. It started pinging us with drivetrain error warnings about 5 weeks ago but these never resulted in drivability issues. I have the Bluedriver OBD scan tool which the mfr claims is not set up for the non-Rex i3's. Accordingly, it doesn't tell you much about the HV battery side. It did read fault codes indicating HV insulation issues (faults 22280F, 222814, 21F03E3, 21F0E4). I did not attempt to clear them. We just ignored them and kept using the car and, apart from our concerns about it possibly leaving us stranded, it worked fine. There was a very strong correlation with getting the faults on rainy days. On non-inclement days, even when there was a lot of dew on everything, the faults were much less frequent. More often, the faults gonged you shortly after the car was first put in drive. A couple of times, I saw them flash during Level 2 charging.
A couple of weeks into the problem, I took it to the dealer and, after considerable diagnostic and test work, they were able to figure it out. The very considerable amount of labor was due to having to remove parts such as the Rex intake manifold and panels in order to disconnect HV cables to each component at the source and install diagnostic connectors. My dealer appears to have used the standard BMW diagnostic tools so that leads me to believe that BMW dealers are well equipped to perform tests to measure insulation resistance. This sort of test generally requires a special test meter which subjects the test items to a high voltage and measures current leakage to determine resistance.
It turns out the problem was with the flow (cabin) heater and associated wiring which is up in front. Since the replacement part had to be ordered, they reassembled the car and we drove it while we waited. The existing heater was in use pretty much the whole time and did its thing without fail. I had been preconditioning to heat the car up prior to driving under the theory this might drive out moisture but this did not help to prevent the faults. The new flow heater took about three weeks to arrive from Germany (part number 64-12-9-893-003). It was on back order for a few days as it is a brand new part number. The HV cable running from aft forward was also replaced as signs of moisture were observed at the connector when it was disconnected to replace the flow heater. It was not indicated whether leakage came from inside or outside the heater. The area it is in appears to be pretty well shielded from spray and drainage from the windshield so I would be surprised if the leakage was external.
Thanks to a dedicated effort by the dealer tech, this problem appears fixed as I've had it back a week now and, rain, shine or in-between, no more faults. The flow heater will, by its nature, experience fairly large temperature swings and high temperature is hard on seals and insulation. This component could well be a prime suspect for HV insulation faults. In my case, disconnecting the HV cable at the heater and visually inspecting it might have avoided a lot of diagnostic work. Note: Working on HV should only be done by knowledgeable, well equipped persons as can be lethal. It remains a laborious task to replace the cable though.
Best regards & hope this helps.
I own a June 2014 build i3 Rex which I have had for over a year. Apart from the recall work, it's been pretty trouble free and, most important, fun, practical and almost completely electric. It started pinging us with drivetrain error warnings about 5 weeks ago but these never resulted in drivability issues.
I have the Bluedriver OBD scan tool which the mfr claims is not set up for the non-Rex i3's. Accordingly, it doesn't tell you much about the HV battery side. It did read fault codes indicating HV insulation issues (faults 22280F, 222814, 21F03E3, 21F0E4). I did not attempt to clear them. We just ignored them and kept using the car and, apart from our concerns about it possibly leaving us stranded, it worked fine.
There was a very strong correlation with getting the faults on rainy days. On non-inclement days, even when there was a lot of dew on everything, the faults were much less frequent. More often, the faults gonged you shortly after the car was first put in drive. A couple of times, I saw them flash during Level 2 charging.
It turns out the problem was with the flow (cabin) heater and associated wiring which is up in front. Since the replacement part had to be ordered, they reassembled the car and we drove it while we waited. The existing heater was in use pretty much the whole time and did its thing without fail. I had been preconditioning to heat the car up prior to driving under the theory this might drive out moisture but this did not help to prevent the faults.
The new flow heater took about three weeks to arrive from Germany (part number 64-12-9-893-003). It was on back order for a few days as it is a brand new part number. The HV cable running from aft forward was also replaced as signs of moisture were observed at the connector when it was disconnected to replace the flow heater. It was not indicated whether leakage came from inside or outside the heater. The area it is in appears to be pretty well shielded from spray and drainage from the windshield so I would be surprised if the leakage was external.
I had to put in paragraph breaks to understand your otherwise well written description.
Could you add some photos?


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Poet Laureate and Youth Poet Laureate's Bio
Commencing in 2000, the Saskatchewan Poet Laureate Program was the first provincial program of its kind in Canada. The Youth Poet Laureate is a brand new addition to the program. The program is organized by the Saskatchewan Writers' Guild and is under the patronage of the Lieutenant Governor, His Honour the Honourable Russ Mirasty.
The SWG redesigned the program in 2019 to continue the tradition of honouring Saskatchewan poets and poetry community while adding the new position of Youth Poet Laureate and exciting new community engagement opportunities.
Objectives of the Poet Laureate Program
To celebrate the spirit of the people and place of Saskatchewan through the literary arts
To raise the profile of writers in Saskatchewan
To elevate writing as a vocation
To raise awareness of the power of poetry and the spoken word
To act as an Ambassador for writing in general, poetry in particular and for the Saskatchewan Writers' Guild
The Poet Laureate will have:
A significant body of work, including a minimum of two books of professionally published poetry;
Achieved recognition for the literary merit of his/her work;
A record of public involvement in the literary life of the province;
A current resident of Saskatchewan.
The Youth Poet Laureate will meet the following criteria:
Have a demonstrated commitment to writing, with a passion for poetry and/or spoken word;
Have some record of public involvement in the writing culture of the province;
Have pursued some form of formal or informal professional development;
Is between the ages of 18-25 years old;
Be a current resident of Saskatchewan.
In 2000 Saskatchewan became the first province in Canada to officially designate a provincial Poet Laureate. Originally a partnership between the Saskatchewan Writers' Guild, Saskatchewan Arts Board and the Saskatchewan Book Awards, the SWG has assumed sole responsibilty for the Poet Laureate program as of 2019.
Glen Sorestad was the first author to hold the position; his term began on December 1, 2000 and ended on November 30, 2004
Louise B. Halfe (Sky Dancer) served from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2006
Robert Currie served from January 1, 2007 until December 31, 2010
Don Kerr served from January 1, 2011 until December 31, 2013
Judith Krause served from January 1, 2014 until December 31, 2015
Gerry Hill served from January 1, 2016 until his resignation on January 17, 2017
Brenda Schmidt served from April 1, 2017 until December 31, 2018
Yolanda Hansen, Program Manager
E: programs@skwriter.com
Box 3986, Regina, SK, S4P 3R9 | 306-757-6310 | info@skwriter.com
© 2015 Saskatchewan Writers' Guild
This website design and development made possible by Saskatchewan Lotteries and SaskCulture
site by Rio Saxon Design Inc. (142.44.246.178)


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mainAircraftAircraft: Jets
North American X-15
North American X-15 X-Planes 3
North American X-15 is the 3rd title in Osprey Publishing LTD's series X-Planes. Modelers and enthusiasts of the fastest manned aircraft, ever, will be thrilled with the amount of technical and other data and information presented by author Peter E. Davies. Adam Tooby provides original artwork. This 80-page book is catalogued with Osprey's short code XPL 3 and as ISBN 9781472819918. The book is available in three formats: paperback; PDF; ePUB.
The revolutionary X-15 remains the fastest manned aircraft ever to fly. Built in the two decades following World War II, it was the most successful of the high-speed X-planes. The only recently broken 'sound barrier' was smashed completely by the X-15, which could hit Mach 6.7 and soar to altitudes above 350,000ft, beyond the edge of space. Several pilots qualified as astronauts by flying above 50 miles altitude in the X-15, including Neil Armstrong, the first man on the Moon. The three X-15s made 199 flights, testing new technologies and techniques which greatly eased America's entry into manned space travel, and made the Apollo missions and Space Shuttle viable propositions. With historical photographs and stunning digital artwork, this is the story of arguably the greatest of the X-Planes. - Osprey
America's classic X-Planes were flying before and after I was born. I was alive for most of the X-15's career, and my brother built a Revell X-15 model, so this aircraft has a special interest for me. This review will looks at this history of The Black Beast including Conceptual Design, Preliminary Design, and Detail Design.
North American X-15 is presented through 80 pages of content in five chapters:
1. BEATING THE HEAT
2. BUILDING THE BLACK BEAST
3. THREE BLACK BIRDS
4. THE ENVELOPE EXPANDS
5. WHAT MIGHT HAVE BEEN
BEATING THE HEAT begins its 11 page conceptual introduction with OKB-1's Sputnik 1 satellite. Sputnik scared the West and lit a fire under their governments for thermal barrier research of "hypersonic" aircraft design. Fortunately, the legendary North American Aviation (NAA) already had the X-15 proposal. This chapter also discusses Bell Aircraft's X-2, Douglas' D-558, and Nazi Germany research into a hypersonic "skip-gliding" bomber. A section of the chapter focuses on the contenders of the proposal to build hypersonic research aircraft, examining the various aircarft and what brought NAA's X-15 to the forefront.
This chapter also covers amazing "gee-whiz" technical topics such as the need to develop new structural materials, powerplants, and fuels.
BUILDING THE BLACK BEAST is 18 pages of remarkable reseasrch delivered in subchapters:
BOOSTER BOMBER (hefting X-15 aloft)
PILOTING
SUITED FOR SPACE (pressure suits)
SUPERSONIC SIMULATION
A great amount of diverse information is presented in this chapter, such as the choice of the F-104 Starfighter as the chase plane. X-15 pilots endured high-g centrifuges, over 1,000 times in 3 months! (That led to improving the cockpit design so the pilots could actually access controls under high-g.)
THREE BLACK BIRDS recounts the first three X-15s. It presents that trio that established valid test data even amid many failures and several accidents. There is a wealth of anecdotes such as Crossfield's omission of using the "rectal probe" for his "physiological package" flight. Technical narratives continue with aircraft performance, performance of equipment and pilots, and the type of new or improved equipment installed in the X-15.
Fifteen pages later is THE ENVELOPE EXPANDS with 25 pages of new pilots, new variants and design features, and new adventures of flight testing, i.e., Neil Armstrong "skipping" across the atmosphere to overshoot his landing area by 45 miles! It also suffers from the only typo I discovered, stating in the text that Bob White's first Mach 6 flight was on November 6, while the caption of a profile states November 9.
Another detailed account is the crash of Jack mcKay's X-15-2 emergency landing, due to a flap failure. Bill Dana knocked his checklist loose during a weightless recovery;
I had 27 pages of checklists floating around the cockpit with me - it was like trying to read Shakespeare sitting under a maple tree on October during a high wind.
WHAT MIGHT HAVE BEEN concludes the history of the X-15 program. NASA and USAF rejected many far-fetched ideas although they considered others. X-15 research revealed thermal data that made ICBMs possible, research into the SST (Super Sonic Transport), and a host of other things that put Americans on the moon. Finally, NAA became Rockwell and Rockwell built the Space Shuttle.
A fascinating book.
Photographs, Artwork, Graphics
Color photography was common in that era of flight testing. This gallery of art, photos, and technical graphics is exceptional.
Modelers, aerospace-oriented enthusiasts, and historians will marvel at some of the photos. One of many remarkable images is a color photo after a flight with Detecto-Temp paint, exposing dissimilar heating levels absorbed by the airframe. Another is a cockpit shot of a shattered canopy following the first Mach 6 flight.
A picture beats a thousand words and this book features a zillion words worth of photos, company diagrams, and artwork. Color dominates the gallery and all artwork is in color. Ever seen a pink X-15? You will in this book.
I did not count the number of photographs that support the text and yet there is hardly a page without a splash of X-15 color, or at least clear black-and-white evidence of the incredible aircraft.
Artist Adam Tooby created original color artwork to help the reader visualize what was not visually recorded.
1. Inside the X-15: cutaway profile of the X-15 structure and equipment, keyed to 36 components.
2. NAA X-15-1 66-670, Edwards AFB, California, April 19, 1960: profile of 66-670 on flight 1-5-10.
3. NAA X-15-2 66-671, Edwards AFB, California, November 9, 1961: first Mach 6, piloted by Bob White, with heat-resistant ablator material applied.
4. Two-page centerfold Piloted Spaceflight: Maj. Bob Rushworth's June 27, 1963 mission in X-15-3, taking him high enough to qualify him as an astronaut.
5. NAA X-15A-2 66-671:three-view of the veteran rocket plane with external tanks.
6. Two-page centerfold Mach 6.7: the final flight of white coated X-15-2 in 1967, setting an unofficial maximum speed.
7. NAA X-15A-3 66-672, Edwards AFB, California, April 28, 1967: profile of 66672 without the lower vertical fin.
8. "In-action" illustration X-15B - What Might Have Been: the advanced X-15 shedding its Navaho boosters and heading towards orbital performance.
* Shaded callout panels focus on remarkable subjects. The one in this book is Albert Scott Crossfield, a biography.
* NAA technical drawing, X-15 ejection seat: keyed with over a dozen captions.
* Concept illustration of a proposed XB-70/X-15 combination.
North American X-15 by Osprey is another fascinating book for modelers, aerospace-oriented enthusiasts, and historians of the X-Plane era. It is full of highly detailed text and first-hand accounts by the pilots.
I found one typo in the text, as noted above. I judge it to be minor and it should not confuse the reader into distraction.
This is another book that should be popular on aviation modeler's shelves and I recommend it.
Highs: Color photography was common in that era of flight testing. This gallery of art, photos, and technical graphics is exceptional. The text is highly detailed and features first-hand accounts by pilots.
Lows: Date typo.
Verdict: This is another fascinating book for modelers, aerospace-oriented enthusiasts, and historians of the X-Plane era. It should be popular on aviation modeler's shelves.
Mfg. ID: XPL 3; 97814728199
Our Thanks to Osprey Publishing!
Copyright ©2019 text by Frederick Boucher [ JPTRR ]. Images also by copyright holder unless otherwise noted. Opinions expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of AeroScale. All rights reserved.