text:
This digital collection features selected medications and documents, manuals, and photographs relating to biochemical research and technology, with a focus on 20th-century instrumentation in medical laboratories. Various models of glucose, enzyme, and amino acid analyzers are a few of the instruments documented in these materials.
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Beckman Instruments, Inc.218
Scientific apparatus and instruments193
Medical laboratories--Equipment and supplies125
Biochemistry74
Beckman Instruments, Inc. Spinco Division65
Pew Charitable Trusts100
Dietrich, T. A.22
Van Benschoten, William20
Lyman, Henry M. (Henry Munson), 1835-190416
Maestrejuan, Andrea R.16
Photographs223
Oral histories121
Illustrations47
Medical instruments and apparatus30
Vessels (Containers)28
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Text206
Sound118
Physical Object41
Mixed Material1
Plastic13
Glass12
Plastic (HDPE)6
Cardboard3
more Medium »
England--London31
New York (State)--New York25
Rhode Island--Providence16
California--Fullerton14
Massachusetts--Boston10
In Copyright - Rights-holder(s) Unlocatable or Unidentifiable200
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License121
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Vessels (Containers), Medical instruments and apparatus
Bayer Aspirin Tin, 12 Tablet Size
Small, shallow, rectangular tin box containing medicine pills. Label on front of tin has yellow background with "12 Bayer-Tablets of Aspirin (5 grs. each)" in white text on brown background. Tin pillbox contains…
Manufacturer Bayer Company, Inc.
Subject Drugs, Medicine bottles, Bayer Company, Inc., Aspirin
Glass Bayer Aspirin Bottle, 300 Tablet Size
Glass Bayer aspirin bottle, 300 tablet size, contains white tablets.
Contributor Sterling Drug
Subject Sterling Drug, Drugs, Medicine bottles, Bayer Company, Inc., Aspirin
Photographs, Portraits
Portrait of Isaac Ott (1847-1916)
Portrait of Isaac Ott (1847-1916). Ott was born in Northampton County, Pennsylvania on November 30, 1847 and graduated from Lafayette College (class of 1867). Ott went onto study medicine at the University of…
Subject Portrait photography, Ott, Isaac, 1847-1916, Medical education, Portraits, University of Pennsylvania
Mexican Brand Insect Fluid Label
Circa 1910 – circa 1915
Printed bottle label for Mexican Brand Insect Fluid, depicting a woman using the product in a bedroom, with the tagline "What is Home without a Clean Bed."
Subject Public health, DDT (Insecticide), Insecticides, Toxins
Medical instruments and apparatus
Park Davis & Co. Pharmaceutical Nursing Drug Kit
A black leather pouch containing 11 vials of various pharmaceutical tablets. Five vials are empty, and one vial is missing.
The vials are labeled:
Hypodermatic tablets No. 5, (Cocaine hydrochlorate);
Hypodermatic…
Creator Of Work Parke, Davis & Company
Subject Parke, Davis & Company, Drugs, Medical supplies, Nursing--Equipment and supplies, Pharmaceutical industry
Nostrums and Quackery
Articles on the Nostrum Evil, Quackery and Allied Matters Affecting the Public Health; Reprinted... from the Journal of the American Medical Association
Volume two of three, compiled by the Journal of the American Medical Association. The volume consists of a collection of pseudo-scientific printings outlining fraudulent medicinal treatments. The quackery included in…
Author American Medical Association
Editor Cramp, Arthur J. (Arthur Joseph), 1872-
Subject Quacks and quackery, Patent medicines, Medicine, Drugs, Therapeutics, Drugs, Nonprescription, Obesity--Treatment, Sexism in medicine, Drug addiction--Treatment, Public health
Publications, Illustrations, Portraits
Born 1843 Died 1910
Part of The History of Inoculation and Vaccination for the Prevention and Treatment of Disease
Photographic reproduction portrait of German physician and microbiologist, Robert Koch (1843-1910). Koch is considered one of the founders of modern bacteriology due to his identification of the causative agents of…
Publisher Burroughs Wellcome and Company
Subject Vaccination, Burroughs Wellcome and Company, Medicine, Pharmacology, First aid in illness and injury, Exhibitions, Medical supplies, Vaccines, Koch, Robert, 1843-1910, Bacteriology
Publications, Illustrations
Lady Mary Wortley Montagu
Illustration depicting a portrait of Lady Mary Wortley Montagu (1689-1762). The portrait accompanies text describing her advocacy for Eastern methods of inoculation. Lady Montagu is credited with the introduction of…
Subject Vaccination, Burroughs Wellcome and Company, Medicine, Pharmacology, First aid in illness and injury, Exhibitions, Medical supplies, Vaccines, Montagu, Mary Wortley, Lady, 1689-1762, Women in medicine
Dr. [Emile] Roux
Photographic reproduction portrait of Pierre Paul Émile Roux (1853-1933), a French physician and assistant to renowned scientist Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) from 1878 until 1883. Roux and French microbiologist, Charles…
Subject Vaccination, Burroughs Wellcome and Company, Medicine, Pharmacology, First aid in illness and injury, Exhibitions, Medical supplies, Vaccines, Roux, Monsieur (Emile), 1853-1933
Photographic reproduction portrait of Louis Pasteur (1822-1895), a French microbiologist who investigated the fermentative properties of bacteria, developed the first vaccines for rabies and anthrax, discovered the…
Subject Vaccination, Burroughs Wellcome and Company, Medicine, Pharmacology, First aid in illness and injury, Exhibitions, Medical supplies, Vaccines, Pasteur, Louis, 1822-1895
'Tabloid' Medical Equipments at the North Pole
April 6, 1909 'Tabloid' Medicine Chest supplied to Rear-Admiral Robert Edwin Peary
Illustration depicting the medical equipment carried by Rear-Admiral Robert Edwin Peary (1856-1920), an explorer of the Arctic. The inset upper left photograph shows one of eight tubes of 'Tabloid' products and the…
Subject Vaccination, Burroughs Wellcome and Company, Medicine, Pharmacology, First aid in illness and injury, Exhibitions, Medical supplies, Vaccines, Peary, Robert E. (Robert Edwin), 1856-1920, Medicine bottles, Medicine bottles, Victorian
Dr. Thomas Dimsdale
(Afterwards Baron Dimsdale) Born 1712 Died 1800
Portrait of Thomas Dimsdale, a practitioner of medicine recognized as a specialist in inoculation. Dimsdale was summoned by the Empress of Russia, Catherine II, in 1768 to introduce the practice of inoculation in…
Subject Vaccination, Burroughs Wellcome and Company, Medicine, Pharmacology, First aid in illness and injury, Exhibitions, Medical supplies, Vaccines, Dimsdale, Thomas, 1712-1800, Catherine II, Empress of Russia, 1729-1796
W. M. Haffkine
Reproduction of a photographic portrait of Waldemar Mordechai Haffkine (1860-1930), a native Russian bacteriologist who worked at the Pasteur Institute to develop an anti-cholera vaccine. Haffkine is recognized as the…
Subject Vaccination, Burroughs Wellcome and Company, Medicine, Pharmacology, First aid in illness and injury, Exhibitions, Medical supplies, Vaccines, Haffkine, W. M. (Waldemar Mordecai), 1860-1930, Microbiologists, Bacteriology
A Religious Dramatic Representation of the Power of the [Hindu] Goddess of Smallpox
This illustration is a reproduction of a drawing depicting the Hindu goddess, Śītalā. The illustration accompanies a discussion of the development of smallpox inoculation which emerged from Hindu cultures as early as…
Subject Vaccination, Burroughs Wellcome and Company, Medicine, Pharmacology, Medical supplies, Vaccines, Śītalā (Hindu deity), Smallpox, Smallpox--Vaccination, Art, Ancient
Publications, Illustrated works
The History of Inoculation and Vaccination for the Prevention and Treatment of Disease
This book on the history of vaccination is associated with the American Medical Association's 1913 Annual Meeting, which took place in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Includes a forward by Henry S. Wellcome announcing the…
Subject Vaccination, Burroughs Wellcome and Company, Medicine, Pharmacology, First aid in illness and injury, Exhibitions, Medical supplies, Vaccines
Benjamin Jesty
From the original oil painting
Black and white reproduction of an oil painting portrait of Benjamin Jesty (c. 1736-1816). Jesty, a cattle farmer from Dorset, England, gained notoriety as a key contributor to the linkage of cowpox and smallpox. He was…
After Sharp, Michael William, c. 1776-1840
Subject Vaccination, Burroughs Wellcome and Company, Medicine, Pharmacology, First aid in illness and injury, Exhibitions, Medical supplies, Vaccines, Jesty, Benjamin, 1736-1816, Vaccinia
Dr. [Charles] Chamberland
Photographic reproduction portrait of Charles Chamberland (1851-1908), a French microbiologist and colleague of renowned scientist Louis Pasteur (1822-1895). Chamberland and French physician Pierre Paul Émile Roux…
Subject Vaccination, Burroughs Wellcome and Company, Medicine, Pharmacology, First aid in illness and injury, Exhibitions, Medical supplies, Vaccines, Chamberland, Charles, 1851-1908
Vaccination [caricature]
Plate from a French caricature by Carlo Gripp (1826-1900) depicting a woman surrounded by a small group dressed in formal attire. The woman lifts her dress to reveal her shin, which she presents to a kneeling doctor who…
Artist Gripp, Carlo (1826-1900)
Subject Vaccination, Burroughs Wellcome and Company, Medicine, Pharmacology, First aid in illness and injury, Exhibitions, Medical supplies, Vaccines, Caricatures and cartoons
Professor [Emil von] Behring
Portrait of Emil von Behring (1854-1917), a German physiologist who worked to prove the possibility of transferring immunity against the toxins of tetanus and Diptheria. Behring won the 1901 Nobel Prize for Physiology…
Subject Vaccination, Burroughs Wellcome and Company, Medicine, Pharmacology, First aid in illness and injury, Exhibitions, Medical supplies, Vaccines, Behring, Emil von, 1854-1917, Serotherapy, Tetanus--Vaccination, Nobel Prize winners, Physiologists
Bureau of Chemistry Pharmacognosy Laboratory
1914 – before 1928
General view of employees at work in the Bureau of Chemistry's Pharmacognosy Laboratory. Part of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the Pharmacognosy Laboratory supervised the manufacture and distribution of crude…
Creator Of Work United States. Food and Drug Administration
Subject Employees, United States. Bureau of Chemistry and Soils, Pharmacognosy, Drugs, Women employees, Laboratories
Plate VIII. Brown staining from mustard gas.
Part of An Atlas of Gas Poisoning
Drawing made on the eighteenth day after exposure to gas.
Artist Maxwell, A. Kirkpatrick
Author Great Britain. Medical Research Committee
Subject Gases, Asphyxiating and poisonous--Toxicology, Gases, Asphyxiating and poisonous--War use, Mustard gas
Plate II. Blue type of asphyxia from phosgene poisoning, with intense venous congestion.
Drawing made early on second day after gassing.
Plate I. Microscopic section of human lung from phosgene shell poisoning. Death at the nineteenth hour after gassing.
"The piece of lung shown is almost entirely useless for aeration of the blood."
Plate XI. A. Severely burned eye in the acute stage. B. Slightly later stage of acute burning.
Plate VI. Blistering of buttocks by mustard gas.
Drawing made on eleventh day.


text:
namespace ash {

// Please put if/def sections at the end of the bare section and keep the list
// within each section in alphabetical order.
enum AcceleratorAction {
  BRIGHTNESS_DOWN,
  BRIGHTNESS_UP,
  CYCLE_BACKWARD_LINEAR,
  CYCLE_BACKWARD_MRU,
  CYCLE_FORWARD_LINEAR,
  CYCLE_FORWARD_MRU,
  EXIT,
  FOCUS_LAUNCHER,
  FOCUS_TRAY,
  NEW_INCOGNITO_WINDOW,
  NEW_WINDOW,
  NEXT_IME,
  PREVIOUS_IME,
  ROTATE_WINDOWS,
  SEARCH_KEY,
  SELECT_LAST_WIN,
  SELECT_WIN_0,
  SELECT_WIN_1,
  SELECT_WIN_2,
  SELECT_WIN_3,
  SELECT_WIN_4,
  SELECT_WIN_5,
  SELECT_WIN_6,
  SELECT_WIN_7,
  SHOW_OAK,
  SWITCH_IME,  // Switch to another IME depending on the accelerator.
  TAKE_PARTIAL_SCREENSHOT,
  TAKE_SCREENSHOT,
  TOGGLE_APP_LIST,
  TOGGLE_CAPS_LOCK,
  TOGGLE_SPOKEN_FEEDBACK,
  VOLUME_DOWN,
  VOLUME_MUTE,
  VOLUME_UP,
  WINDOW_MAXIMIZE_RESTORE,
  WINDOW_MINIMIZE,
  WINDOW_POSITION_CENTER,
  WINDOW_SNAP_LEFT,
  WINDOW_SNAP_RIGHT,
#if defined(OS_CHROMEOS)
  LOCK_SCREEN,
  OPEN_CROSH,
  OPEN_FILE_MANAGER,
#endif
#if !defined(NDEBUG)
  MONITOR_ADD_REMOVE,
  MONITOR_CYCLE,
  MONITOR_TOGGLE_SCALE,
  PRINT_LAYER_HIERARCHY,
  PRINT_WINDOW_HIERARCHY,
  ROTATE_SCREEN,
  TOGGLE_DESKTOP_BACKGROUND_MODE,
  TOGGLE_ROOT_WINDOW_FULL_SCREEN,
#endif
};

struct AcceleratorData {
  bool trigger_on_press;
  ui::KeyboardCode keycode;
  bool shift;
  bool ctrl;
  bool alt;
  AcceleratorAction action;
};

// Accelerators handled by AcceleratorController.
ASH_EXPORT extern const AcceleratorData kAcceleratorData[];

// The number of elements in kAcceleratorData.
ASH_EXPORT extern const size_t kAcceleratorDataLength;

// Actions allowed while user is not signed in or screen is locked.
ASH_EXPORT extern const AcceleratorAction kActionsAllowedAtLoginScreen[];

// The number of elements in kActionsAllowedAtLoginScreen.
ASH_EXPORT extern const size_t kActionsAllowedAtLoginScreenLength;

}  // namespace ash

#endif  // ASH_ACCELERATORS_ACCELERATOR_TABLE_H_

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Were there any Senate hearings involved in ending WW I trench warfare?
I know that tanks becoming more reliable was a part of why trench warfare started to dissipate at the end of World War I. I want to know if there was much in the way of political commentary or public opinion concerning trench warfare.
world-war-one
roblukerobluke
Why would the Senate review military tactics? The Senate is not in the chain of command. – Mark C. Wallace♦ Apr 17 '17 at 17:35
Trench Warfare wasn't a decision, it was a consequence. That's a big question, why did WWI devolve into trench warfare? Tanks weren't particularly decisive in WWI. They were slow, unreliable, blind, and there were never enough of them. What broke the stalemate was the new tactics the Germans used in the 1918 Spring Offensive, the exhaustion of the Central Powers, and the enormous fresh injection of manpower and resources the US brought in. – Schwern Apr 17 '17 at 17:40
@MarkC.Wallace Aww, sucks. :) I'll write up an answer. – Schwern Apr 17 '17 at 17:46
I see your point Mr. Wallace. I'll look more towards what military leaders put in writing as to why they began to get away from trench warfare – robluke Apr 17 '17 at 17:54
@MarkC.Wallace I meant to say "aww, shucks"! :) – Schwern Apr 17 '17 at 18:40
I know that tanks becoming more reliable was a part of why trench warfare started to dissipate at the end of World War I.
That premise isn't correct. Tanks were a part of why World War Two didn't devolve into trench warfare again (despite many expecting it to), but a WWI tank was rather different.
Tanks were an attempt to break the stalemate of WWI, but for the most part failed. WWI tanks were intended to trundle across No Man's Land, immune to rifle and machine gun fire, and overrun the trenches allowing infantry to follow up. They lacked the mobility and reliability to do this effectively, most tanks broke down or bogged down, often before even reaching the battlefield. This problem still plagues tanks today. Their slow speed, typically a walking pace, and difficult steering made them easy targets for a calm artillery gunner. And their poor "armor", not real armor, but soft boiler plate, could be penetrated by even improvised weapons like a reversed bullet.
David Fletcher, of the Bovington Tank Museum, has a Tank Chat about the British Mark I tank. While there were other tanks and improvements, his comments about the Mark I are generally applicable to WWI tanks. Another good resource is The Great War and their special on Tank Development In WWI.
More importantly they lacked the communications and tactics to coordinate with the infantry and artillery (aka "combined arms"). WWI tanks, if they crossed the trenches, had a tendency to continue on alone, reaching the enemy rear area and then sort of milling about. Being basically blind, it was fairly easy to roll up an artillery piece and blast it.
And there simply weren't enough of them, working and in position, at any time to have a strategic effect.
I want to know if there was much in the way of political commentary or public opinion concerning trench warfare.
I'm pretty sure nobody liked it, and everyone was finding a way to break the stalemate, but their total lack of experience with modern war meant that most of the ideas were utterly unrealistic. They probably made it worse by employing short sighted or impractical strategies. Everyone was looking for "the big push", some magic bullet to break the stalemate, rather than looking at the problem systemically.
Based on your comments it seems the premise is that trench warfare was some sort of choice...
I guess i'll look for newspaper and/or editorials on what public opinion might have been. I'm trying to write and find sources that will explain reasons behind ending trench warfare – robluke 9 mins ago
Nobody planned trench warfare. WWI in the west was supposed to be a highly mobile war like the proceeding Franco-Prussian War of 1870 was. The initial German attack went according to the Schlieffen Plan, a giant right hook by the German army aimed at Paris that nearly worked. It was only when the attack ran out of steam that the armies began digging defensive trenches. The Germans fell back along a ridge and everyone dug in.
And they kept on digging. They typical way of dealing with a strong defensive line is to charge it, now futile with machine guns and rapid fire rifles, or outflank it, to get around the sides. As each side tried to outflank each other, they extended their trenches further and further and further until they were literally racing each other north to the sea. The result was, very quickly, a contiguous line of defenses from the North Sea to Switzerland.
Both sides sought to break the stalemate with technology, and tactics, but mostly by opening up new fronts like attempting to capture Constantinople by sea. These all failed.
What finally broke the stalemate was new "Stormtrooper" tactics and training first used en masse in the 1918 German Spring Offensive, the Kaiserschlacht. Rather than trying to control large, unwieldy, overambicous attacks by hundreds of thousands of men, these centered around small, independent, heavily armed squads infiltrating the enemy positions and overwhelming them with speed, surprise, and heavy firepower. Submachine guns, grenades, pistols, and brutal hand weapons were the weapons of choice. The Allies had also improved their tactics. These basic tactics are still used today.
This nearly won the war for the Germans, but both sides were exhausted after years of taking millions of casualties. The Germans didn't have enough resources to follow up on their successes, and the Allied lines were being stiffened by fresh troops from the US.
Trench warfare ended, in large part, because the Allies won the war of attrition. The Germans no longer had the reserves to replace their casualties in the trenches, and they'd just used up their best troops in the Spring Offensive. Their tactical successes left them with longer lines to defend, and a million less men to defend them. While the Allies had fresh US troops to act as replacements. The German lines thinned and finally collapsed in a collection of battles known as The Hundred Days Offensive.
SchwernSchwern
Nice summary! I'd add that after my own research, I think the practice of destroying one's own army in successive "big pushes" was largely a British achievement, to the point where the army was turned over so fast in personnel that it never really learned. I see accounts of French soldiers making tactical advances across no-man's land in 1916, and Germans in early 1915. The British attempt to break the paradigm was the tank, but as you nicely summarize, it was hardly beyond experimental. Tank theory and design would remain nebulous until the late 1930s, but the debate continues even today. – Smith Apr 18 '17 at 13:50
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged world-war-one or ask your own question.
Why didn't Britain use its vast navy to get past trench warfare?
Were cavalry used in the First World War?
Are tanks the only reason for the abandonment of trench warfare?
How did soldiers in WWI who wore jackboots keep the boots from being sucked off in the mud?
Why did trench warfare accept deadlocks?
Why didn't trench warfare produce a similar stalemate on the eastern front in World War I?
Was WW1's extended static slaughter caused by bad leadership?
Why bother to attack in trench warfare?
The WWI Christmas truce of 1914 resulted in no consequences, in spite of clear warnings against such beforehand - why were there no courts-martial?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
≈Samant may refer to:

Titles:null

 Samanta, a title used in ancient and medieval India
 Samantray, a surname of Indian people.
 Samant (Doti), a title of the feudal kings from Doti region in present-day Nepal

People with the surname Samant:

 Bal Samant, Indian writer
 Dutta Samant, Indian politician
 Keshav Samant, Indian contract bridge player
 Mohan Samant, Indian painter
 Mohan Narayan Rao Samant, Indian naval officer
 Rajeev Samant, Indian businessman
 Satvasheela Samant, Indian linguist
 Uday Samant, Indian politician
 Vaishali Samant, Indian playback singer
 Vinayak Samant, Indian cricketer
 Anish Denoon, Indian rock band artist

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Proposed Rule
Air Plan Approval; Indiana; Regional Haze Plan and Prong 4 (Visibility) for the 2006 and 2012 PM2.5
A Proposed Rule by the Environmental Protection Agency on 05/22/2019
Comments on this document are being accepted at Regulations.gov. Submit a formal comment
Comments must be received on or before June 21, 2019.
Comments Close:
40 CFR 52
EPA-R05-OAR-2017-0700
FRL-9993-63-Region 5
as of 07/19/2019 at 12:15 am EDT
I. Background
A. Regional Haze SIPs and Their Relationship With CAIR and CSAPR
B. Infrastructure SIPs
"Prong 4" Requirements
1. 2006 and 2012 PM2.5 NAAQS
2. 2010 SO2 NAAQS
3. 2010 NO2 NAAQS
4. 2008 Ozone NAAQS
II. What is EPA's analysis of how Indiana addressed regional haze and prong 4 of the infrastructure SIP requirements?
III. Proposed Action
IV. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews
List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 52
Submit a public comment on this document
There are no public comments on this document
Proposed rule.
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is proposing to take action under the Clean Air Act (CAA) on an Indiana's November 27, 2017 State Implementation Plan (SIP) submittal addressing regional haze. This proposed action is based on EPA's determination that a state's implementation of the Cross-State Air Pollution Rule (CSAPR) program continues to meet the criteria of the Regional Haze Rule (RHR) to qualify as an alternative to the application of Best Available Retrofit Technology (BART). EPA is proposing several related actions. First, EPA is proposing to approve the portion of Indiana's Start Printed Page 23505November 27, 2017 SIP submittal seeking to change reliance from the Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR) to CSAPR for certain regional haze requirements. EPA is also proposing to convert EPA's limited approval/limited disapproval of Indiana's regional haze SIP to a full approval and to withdraw the Federal Implementation Plan (FIP) provisions that address the limited disapproval. Finally, EPA is proposing to approve the visibility prong of Indiana's infrastructure SIP submittals for the 2012 annual and 2006 24-hour fine particulate matter (PM2.5), 2010 nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and 2010 sulfur dioxide (SO2) National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) and to convert EPA's disapproval of the visibility portion of Indiana's infrastructure SIP submittal for the 2008 ozone NAAQS to an approval.
Submit your comments, identified by Docket ID No. EPA-R05-OAR-2017-0700 at http://www.regulations.gov or via email to Aburano.Douglas@epa.gov. For comments submitted at Regulations.gov, follow the online instructions for submitting comments. Once submitted, comments cannot be edited or removed from Regulations.gov. For either manner of submission, EPA may publish any comment received to its public docket. Do not submit electronically any information you consider to be Confidential Business Information (CBI) or other information whose disclosure is restricted by statute. Multimedia submissions (audio, video, etc.) must be accompanied by a written comment. The written comment is considered the official comment and should include discussion of all points you wish to make. EPA will generally not consider comments or comment contents located outside of the primary submission (i.e., on the web, cloud, or other file sharing system). For additional submission methods, please contact the person identified in the FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT section. For the full EPA public comment policy, information about CBI or multimedia submissions, and general guidance on making effective comments, please visit http://www2.epa.gov/dockets/commenting-epa-dockets.
Kathleen D'Agostino, Environmental Scientist, Attainment Planning and Maintenance Section, Air Programs Branch (AR-18J), Environmental Protection Agency, Region 5, 77 West Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, Illinois 60604, (312) 886-1767, dagostino.kathleen@epa.gov.
Throughout this document whenever "we," "us," or "our" is used, we mean EPA.
Section 169A(a)(1) of the CAA establishes as a national visibility goal "the prevention of any future, and the remedying of any existing, impairment of visibility in mandatory class I Federal areas which impairment results from manmade air pollution." Section 169A(b)(2)(A) of the CAA requires states to submit regional haze SIPs that contain such measures as may be necessary to make reasonable progress towards the natural visibility goal, including a requirement that certain categories of existing major stationary sources built between 1962 and 1977 procure, install, and operate BART as determined by the state. Under the RHR, states are directed to conduct BART determinations for such "BART-eligible" sources that may be anticipated to cause or contribute to any visibility impairment in a Class I area. Rather than requiring source-specific BART controls, states also have the flexibility to adopt an emissions trading program or other alternative program as long as the alternative provides greater reasonable progress towards improving visibility than BART. See 40 CFR 51.308(e)(2). EPA provided states with this flexibility in the RHR, adopted in 1999, and further refined the criteria for assessing whether an alternative program provides for greater reasonable progress in two subsequent rulemakings. See 64 FR 35714 (July 1, 1999); 70 FR 39104 (July 6, 2005); 71 FR 60612 (October 13, 2006).
In revisions to the regional haze program made in 2005, EPA demonstrated that CAIR would achieve greater reasonable progress than BART.[1] See 70 FR 39104. In those revisions, EPA amended its regulations to provide that states participating in the CAIR cap-and-trade programs pursuant to an EPA-approved CAIR SIP, or states that remain subject to a CAIR FIP need not require affected BART-eligible electric generating units (EGUs) to install, operate, and maintain BART for emissions of SO2 and nitrogen oxides (NOX).
As a result of EPA's determination that CAIR was "better-than-BART," a number of states in which CAIR applies, including Indiana, relied on the CAIR cap-and-trade programs as an alternative to BART for EGU emissions of SO2 and NOX in designing their regional haze SIPs. These states also relied on CAIR as an element of a long-term strategy (LTS) for achieving reasonable progress goals (RPGs) for their regional haze programs. However, in 2008, the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (D.C. Circuit) remanded CAIR to EPA without vacatur (preserving the environmental benefits provided by CAIR). North Carolina v. EPA, 550 F.3d 1176, 1178 (D.C. Cir. 2008). On August 8, 2011 (76 FR 48208), acting on the D.C. Circuit's remand, EPA promulgated CSAPR to replace CAIR and issued FIPs to implement the rule in CSAPR-subject states.[2] Implementation of CSAPR was scheduled to begin on January 1, 2012, when CSAPR would have superseded the CAIR program.
Due to the D.C. Circuit's 2008 ruling that CAIR was "fatally flawed," and its resulting status as a temporary measure following that ruling, EPA could not fully approve regional haze SIPs to the extent that they relied on CAIR to satisfy the BART requirement and the requirement for a LTS sufficient to achieve the state-adopted RPGs. On these grounds, EPA finalized a limited disapproval of Indiana's regional haze SIP on June 7, 2012 (77 FR 33642), triggering the requirement for EPA to promulgate a FIP unless Indiana submitted, and EPA approved a SIP revision that corrected the deficiency. EPA finalized a limited approval of Indiana's regional haze SIP on June 11, 2012 (77 FR 34218), as meeting the remaining applicable regional haze requirements set forth in the CAA and the RHR.
In the June 7, 2012 limited disapproval action, EPA also amended the RHR to provide that participation by a state's EGUs in a CSAPR trading Start Printed Page 23506program for a given pollutant—either a CSAPR Federal trading program implemented through a CSAPR FIP or an integrated CSAPR state trading program implemented through an approved CSAPR SIP revision—qualifies as a BART alternative for those EGUs for that pollutant.[3] See 40 CFR 51.308(e)(4). Since EPA promulgated this amendment, numerous states covered by CSAPR, including Indiana, have utilized the provision through either SIPs or FIPs.[4]
Numerous parties filed petitions for review of CSAPR in the D.C. Circuit, and on August 21, 2012, the court issued its ruling, vacating and remanding CSAPR to EPA and ordering continued implementation of CAIR. EME Homer City Generation, L.P. v. EPA, 696 F.3d 7, 38 (D.C. Cir. 2012). The D.C. Circuit's vacatur of CSAPR was reversed by the United States Supreme Court on April 29, 2014, and the case was remanded to the D.C. Circuit to resolve remaining issues in accordance with the high court's ruling. EPA v. EME Homer City Generation, L.P., 134 S. Ct. 1584 (2014). On remand, the D.C. Circuit affirmed CSAPR in most respects, but invalidated without vacating some of the CSAPR budgets as to a number of states. EME Homer City Generation, L.P. v. EPA, 795 F.3d 118 (D.C. Cir. 2015).
The remanded budgets include the Phase 2 SO2 emissions budgets for four states and the Phase 2 ozone-season NOX budgets for eleven states. This litigation ultimately delayed implementation of CSAPR for three years, from January 1, 2012, when CSAPR's cap-and-trade programs were originally scheduled to replace the CAIR cap-and-trade programs, to January 1, 2015. Thus, the rule's Phase 2 budgets that were originally scheduled to begin on January 1, 2014, began on January 1, 2017.
On September 29, 2017 (82 FR 45481), EPA published a final rule affirming the continued validity of the Agency's 2012 determination that participation in CSAPR meets the RHR's criteria for an alternative to the application of source specific BART. In the rulemaking, EPA explained that the limited changes to the scope of CSAPR coverage did not alter EPA's conclusion that CSAPR remains "better-than-BART;" that is, that participation in CSAPR remains available as an alternative to BART for EGUs covered by the trading program.
Indiana's November 27, 2017 SIP submittal seeks to correct the deficiencies identified in the June 7, 2012 limited disapproval of its regional haze SIP by replacing reliance on CAIR with reliance on CSAPR. Specifically, Indiana requests that EPA approve the State's regional haze SIP revision that replaces reliance on CAIR with CSAPR to satisfy SO2 and NOX BART requirements.
The "infrastructure SIP" requirements are designed to ensure that the structural components of each state's air quality management program are adequate to meet the state's responsibilities under the CAA. The requirement for states to make an infrastructure SIP submission is under CAA section 110(a)(1). SIPs meeting the requirements of sections 110(a)(1) and (2) of the CAA are required to be submitted by states within three years (or less, if the Administrator so prescribes) after promulgation of a new or revised NAAQS to provide for the implementation, maintenance, and enforcement of the new or revised NAAQS. EPA has historically referred to these SIP submissions made for the purpose of satisfying the requirements of sections 110(a)(1) and 110(a)(2) as "infrastructure SIP" submissions. Sections 110(a)(1) and (2) require states to address basic SIP elements such as for monitoring, basic program requirements, and legal authority that are designed to assure attainment and maintenance of the newly established or revised NAAQS. More specifically, section 110(a)(1) provides the procedural and timing requirements for infrastructure SIPs. Section 110(a)(2) lists specific elements that states must meet for the infrastructure SIP requirements related to a newly established or revised NAAQS. The contents of an infrastructure SIP submission may vary depending upon the data and analytical tools available to the state, as well as the provisions already contained in the state's implementation plan at the time in which the state develops and submits the submission for a new or revised NAAQS.
Section 110(a)(2)(D) has two components: 110(a)(2)(D)(i) and 110(a)(2)(D)(ii). Section 110(a)(2)(D)(i) includes four distinct components, commonly referred to as "prongs," that must be addressed in infrastructure SIP submissions. The first two prongs, which are codified in section 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(I), prohibit any source or other type of emissions activity in one state from contributing significantly to nonattainment of the NAAQS in another state (prong 1) and from interfering with maintenance of the NAAQS in another state (prong 2). The third and fourth prongs, which are codified in section 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(II), prohibit emissions activity in one state from interfering with measures required to prevent significant deterioration of air quality in another state (prong 3) or from interfering with measures to protect visibility in another state (prong 4).
Section 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(II) requires a state's implementation plan to contain provisions prohibiting sources in that state from emitting pollutants in amounts that interfere with any other state's efforts to protect visibility under part C of the CAA (which includes sections 169A and 169B). EPA issued guidance on infrastructure SIPs in a September 13, 2013 memorandum from Stephen D. Page titled "Guidance on Infrastructure State Implementation Plan (SIP) Elements under Clean Air Act Sections 110(a)(1) and 110(a)(2)" (2013 Guidance). The 2013 Guidance states that these prong 4 requirements can be satisfied by approved SIP provisions that EPA has found to adequately address any contribution of that state's sources that impact the visibility program requirements in other states. The 2013 Guidance also states that EPA interprets this prong to be pollutant-specific, such that the infrastructure SIP submission need only address the potential for interference with protection of visibility caused by the pollutant (including precursors) to which the new or revised NAAQS applies.
The 2013 Guidance lays out how a state's infrastructure SIP may satisfy prong 4. One way is via confirmation that the state has an approved regional haze SIP that fully meets the requirements of 40 CFR 51.308 or 51.309. The regulations at 40 CFR 51.308 and 51.309 specifically require that a state participating in a regional planning process include all measures needed to achieve its apportionment of emission reduction obligations agreed upon through that process. A fully approved regional haze SIP will ensure that emissions from sources under an air agency's jurisdiction are not interfering Start Printed Page 23507with measures required to be included in other air agencies' plans to protect visibility.
Alternatively, in the absence of a fully approved regional haze SIP, a state may meet the requirements of prong 4 through a demonstration in its infrastructure SIP submission that emissions within its jurisdiction do not interfere with other air agencies' plans to protect visibility. Such an infrastructure SIP submission would need to include measures to limit visibility-impairing pollutants and ensure that the reductions conform with any mutually agreed upon regional haze RPGs for mandatory Class I areas in other states.
Through this action, EPA is proposing to approve the prong 4 portion of Indiana's infrastructure SIP submissions for the 2012 PM2.5, 2010 NO2, and 2010 SO2 standards, and to convert EPA's disapproval of the prong 4 portion of Indiana's infrastructure SIP submission for the 2008 ozone NAAQS to an approval, as discussed in section IV of this action. All other applicable infrastructure SIP requirements for these SIP submissions have been or will be addressed in separate rulemakings. A brief background regarding the NAAQS relevant to this proposal is provided below.
On December 18, 2006, EPA revised the 24-hour average primary and secondary PM2.5 NAAQS to 35 micrograms per cubic meter (μg/m3). See 71 FR 61144 (October 17, 2006). States were required to submit infrastructure SIP submissions for the 2006 PM2.5 NAAQS to EPA no later than September 21, 2009. Indiana submitted infrastructure SIP submissions for the 2006 PM2.5 NAAQS on October 20, 2009, June 25, 2012, July 12, 2012, and May 22, 2013. This proposed action only addresses the prong 4 element of those submissions. The other portions of Indiana's PM2.5 infrastructure submissions have been previously addressed (78 FR 41311, July 10, 2013; 79 FR 18999, April 7, 2014; and 83 FR 64472, December 17, 2018).
On December 14, 2012, EPA revised the annual primary PM2.5 NAAQS to 12 μg/m3. See 78 FR 3086 (January 15, 2013). States were required to submit infrastructure SIP submissions for the 2012 PM2.5 NAAQS to EPA no later than December 14, 2015. Indiana submitted an infrastructure SIP submission for the 2012 PM2.5 NAAQS on December 10, 2016. This proposed action only addresses the prong 4 element of that submission. The other portions of Indiana's December 10, 2016 PM2.5 infrastructure submission have been previously addressed (83 FR 4595, February 1, 2018) or will be addressed in a separate action.
On June 2, 2010, EPA revised the primary SO2 NAAQS to an hourly standard of 75 parts per billion (ppb) based on a 3-year average of the annual 99th percentile of 1-hour daily maximum concentrations. See 75 FR 35520 (June 22, 2010). States were required to submit infrastructure SIP submissions for the 2010 SO2 NAAQS to EPA no later than June 2, 2013. Indiana submitted an infrastructure SIP submission for the 2010 1-hour SO2 NAAQS on May 22, 2013. This proposed action only addresses the prong 4 element of that submission. The other portions of Indiana's May 22, 2013 SO2 infrastructure submission have been previously addressed (80 FR 48733, August 14, 2015) or will be addressed in a separate action.
On January 22, 2010, EPA promulgated a new 1-hour primary NAAQS for NO2 at a level of 100 ppb, based on a 3-year average of the 98th percentile of the yearly distribution of 1-hour daily maximum concentrations. See 75 FR 6474 (February 9, 2010). States were required to submit infrastructure SIP submissions for the 2010 NO2 NAAQS to EPA no later than January 22, 2013. Indiana submitted infrastructure SIP submissions for the 2010 NO2 NAAQS on January 15, 2013. This proposed action only addresses the prong 4 element of that submission. The other portions of Indiana's January 15, 2013, NO2 infrastructure submission have been addressed in a previous EPA action (80 FR 48733, August 14, 2015).
On March 12, 2008, EPA revised the ozone NAAQS to 0.075 parts per million. See 73 FR 16436 (March 27, 2008). States were required to submit infrastructure SIP submissions for the 2008 ozone NAAQS to EPA no later than March 12, 2011. Indiana submitted an infrastructure SIP for the 2008 ozone NAAQS on December 12, 2011. On June 15, 2016, EPA disapproved the intrastate transport provisions of Indiana's 2008 ozone infrastructure submission, including the prong 4 element. See 81 FR 53309. This proposed action addresses the disapproval for prong 4 and proposes to convert it to a full approval. The other portions of Indiana's December 12, 2011 ozone infrastructure SIP submission have been addressed in a previous EPA action (80 FR 23713, April 29, 2015).
Indiana submitted infrastructure SIPs for the following NAAQS: 2012 annual PM2.5 (December 10, 2016); 2006 24-hour average PM2.5 (October 20, 2009; June 25, 2012; July 12, 2012; and May 22, 2013); 2010 NO2 (January 15, 2013); 2010 SO2 (May 22, 2013); and 2008 ozone (December 12, 2011) which relied on the State having a fully approved regional haze SIP to satisfy its prong 4 requirements. However, EPA had not previously fully approved Indiana's regional haze SIP. As discussed earlier in this action, the Agency issued a limited disapproval of the State's original regional haze plan on June 7, 2012, due to its reliance on CAIR, which also triggered the requirement for EPA to promulgate a FIP in Indiana utilizing CSAPR. To correct the deficiencies in its regional haze SIP and obtain approval of the aforementioned infrastructure SIPs that rely on the regional haze SIP, the State submitted a SIP revision on November 27, 2017, to replace reliance on CAIR with reliance on CSAPR.
As noted above, EPA determined that CSAPR remains "better than BART," given the changes to CSAPR's scope in response to the D.C. Circuit's remand. Because the Agency has finalized the "CSAPR remains better-than-BART" rulemaking, EPA is proposing to approve the regional haze portion of the State's November 27, 2017 SIP revision and convert EPA's previous action on Indiana's regional haze SIP from a limited approval/limited disapproval to a full approval. Specifically, EPA's finds that this portion of Indiana's November 27, 2017 SIP revision satisfies the SO2 and NOX BART requirements for EGUs formerly subject to CAIR. Because a state may satisfy prong 4 requirements through a fully approved regional haze SIP, EPA is also proposing to approve the prong 4 portion of Indiana's 2006 and 2012 PM2.5 submissions; 2010 NO2 submissions; and the 2010 SO2 submission. EPA is also proposing to convert EPA's disapproval of the prong 4 portions of Indiana's 2008 ozone infrastructure submission to an approval.
EPA is proposing to take the following actions: (1) Approve the portion of Indiana's November 27, 2017 SIP submittal seeking to change from reliance on CAIR to reliance on CSAPR for certain regional haze requirements; Start Printed Page 23508(2) convert EPA's limited approval/limited disapproval of Indiana's January 14, 2011 and March 10, 2011 regional haze SIP to a full approval; (3) withdraw the FIP provisions that address the limited disapproval; (4) approve the visibility prong of Indiana's infrastructure SIP submittals for the 2012 and 2006 PM2.5, 2010 NO2, and 2010 SO2 NAAQS; and (5) convert EPA's disapproval of the visibility portion of Indiana's infrastructure SIP submittal for the 2008 ozone NAAQS to an approval.
All other applicable infrastructure requirements for the infrastructure SIP submissions have been or will be addressed in separate rulemakings.
Under the CAA, the Administrator is required to approve a SIP submission that complies with the provisions of the CAA and applicable Federal regulations. 42 U.S.C. 7410(k); 40 CFR 52.02(a). Thus, in reviewing SIP submissions, EPA's role is to approve state choices, provided that they meet the criteria of the CAA. Accordingly, this action merely approves state law as meeting Federal requirements and does not impose additional requirements beyond those imposed by state law. For that reason, this action:
Is not a significant regulatory action subject to review by the Office of Management and Budget under Executive Orders 12866 (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993) and 13563 (76 FR 3821, January 21, 2011);
Is not an Executive Order 13771 (82 FR 9339, February 2, 2017) regulatory action because SIP approvals are exempted under Executive Order 12866.
Does not impose an information collection burden under the provisions of the Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.);
Is certified as not having a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities under the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.);
Does not contain any unfunded mandate or significantly or uniquely affect small governments, as described in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (Pub. L. 104-4);
Does not have Federalism implications as specified in Executive Order 13132 (64 FR 43255, August 10, 1999);
Is not an economically significant regulatory action based on health or safety risks subject to Executive Order 13045 (62 FR 19885, April 23, 1997);
Is not a significant regulatory action subject to Executive Order 13211 (66 FR 28355, May 22, 2001);
Is not subject to requirements of Section 12(d) of the National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995 (15 U.S.C. 272 note) because application of those requirements would be inconsistent with the CAA; and
Does not provide EPA with the discretionary authority to address, as appropriate, disproportionate human health or environmental effects, using practicable and legally permissible methods, under Executive Order 12898 (59 FR 7629, February 16, 1994).
In addition, the SIP is not approved to apply on any Indian reservation land or in any other area where EPA or an Indian tribe has demonstrated that a tribe has jurisdiction. In those areas of Indian country, the rule does not have tribal implications and will not impose substantial direct costs on tribal governments or preempt tribal law as specified by Executive Order 13175 (65 FR 67249, November 9, 2000).
Sulfur oxides
Dated: May 2, 2019.
Cheryl L. Newton,
Acting Regional Administrator, Region 5.
End Signature End Supplemental Information
1. CAIR created regional cap-and-trade programs to reduce SO2 and NOX emissions in 27 eastern states (and the District of Columbia), including Indiana, that contributed to downwind nonattainment or interfered with maintenance of the 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS or the 1997 PM2.5 NAAQS.
2. CSAPR requires 28 eastern states to limit their statewide emissions of SO2 and/or NOX in order to mitigate transported air pollution unlawfully impacting other states' ability to attain or maintain four NAAQS: The 1997 ozone NAAQS, the 1997 annual PM2.5 NAAQS, the 2006 24-hour PM2.5 NAAQS, and the 2008 8-hour ozone NAAQS. The CSAPR emissions limitations are defined in terms of maximum statewide "budgets" for emissions of annual SO2, annual NOX, and/or ozone-season NOX by each covered state's large EGUs. The CSAPR state budgets are implemented in two phases of generally increasing stringency, with the Phase 1 budgets applying to emissions in 2015 and 2016 and the Phase 2 budgets applying to emissions in 2017 and later years.
3. Legal challenges to the CSAPR-Better-than-BART rule from state, industry, and other petitioners are pending. Utility Air Regulatory Group v. EPA, No. 12-1342 (D.C. Cir. filed August 6, 2012).
4. EPA has promulgated FIPs relying on CSAPR participation for BART purposes for Georgia, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Michigan, Missouri, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia, 77 FR at 33654, and Nebraska, 77 FR 40150, 40151 (July 6, 2012), and Texas 82 FR 48324 (October 17, 2017). EPA has approved Minnesota's, Wisconsin's, and Alabama's SIPs relying on CSAPR participation for BART purposes. See 77 FR 34801 (June 12, 2012) for Minnesota, 77 FR 46952 (August 7, 2012) for Wisconsin, and 82 FR 47393 (October 12, 2017) for Alabama.
[FR Doc. 2019-10069 Filed 5-21-19; 8:45 am]


text:
Police: Crash no accident — (South Boston)
Original article no longer available
By David R. Smith, MPG Newspapers
PLYMOUTH (Nov 10) – Daniel Gascoyne allegedly threatened to kill both himself and his girlfriend, Courtney Harding, by driving into a tree. Saturday, Oct. 23, he did crash into a tree, and Harding died the next day.
A visibly nervous Gascoyne, with handcuffs rattling from his shaking hands, was arraigned in Plymouth District Court Tuesday on charges of manslaughter and DUI motor vehicle homicide just hours after his arrest in Bridgewater. The court ordered him held on $100,000 bail or $10,000 surety.
As Assistant District Attorney Maryclare Flynn read details of the night Harding died, Gascoyne began crying at the mention of Harding and their 3-year-old daughter.
Flynn said Gascoyne had a lengthy juvenile record.
Plymouth district court Judge Thomas Brownell issued a warrant for the 23-year-old Gascoyne's arrest last Friday, Nov. 5. State Police Trooper Anna Brooks applied for the warrant based on an affadavit detailing the actions police accuse Gascoyne of taking Oct. 23.
Police allege Gascoyne, of 7 Cordage Terrace in Plymouth, crashed his 2001 Pontiac Bonneville into a tree off Hedges Pond Road in Cedarville.
The 22-year-old Harding, of 914 Long Pond Road, was in the passenger seat at the time of the accident.
She was taken to Jordan Hospital and later flown to Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, where she died a day later.
According to an autopsy performed by the state medical examiner's office Oct. 26, Harding died of blunt head and neck trauma. The manner of her death is under investigation.
The medical examiner said Harding had deep bruises on her upper left arm and right shoulder.
Gascoyne was taken first to Jordan Hospital and then to Pembroke Hospital with serious but nonlife-threatening injuries.
Gascoyne spent one week at the private, psychiatric Pembroke Hospital. He was later transferred to Journey House in Bridgewater, where has was arrested Tuesday.
Gascoyne's legal counsel said he had been diagnosed with alcohol and drug addictions, and has been on antidepressants and sleep-inducing drugs.
According to Gascoyne, he and Harding were coming home from Bobby Byrne's Restaurant in Sandwich the night of the crash.
Witnesses at the bar that evening told police the couple argued, with Gascoyne repeatedly swearing at Harding.
According to police, hospital medical records showed Gascoyne's blood alcohol to be more than twice the legal limit at the time of the crash.
In her affidavit, Trooper Brooks said police found a liquid which appeared to be beer in the car's center console, as well as several cans of open and unopened beer in the car.
Police also found a bottle of the antidepressant Lexapro, for which Gascoyne had a prescription.
An inspection of the car suggested Gascoyne drove 81 mph in a 30 mph zone when he crashed into the tree.
According to the affidavit, Gascoyne and Harding had a rocky relationship.
Friends of Harding's interviewed by police said she had told them Gascoyne threatened to drive into a tree and kill himself, Harding and their young daughter if she ever broke up with him.
Harding also allegedly told friends that an incident similar to the one which claimed her life occurred Oct. 15. She said while driving with Gascoyne, she tried to get him to slow down, at which point he grabbed her arms, likely causing the bruises on her arm discovered later during the autopsy.
Police were called to an argument between the two near Clifford Road and River Street that same night, Oct. 15. No charges were filed.
Harding's mother also knew of problems her daughter had with Gascoyne.
When Plymouth police went to Harding's home the night of the accident, an officer reported Harding's mother fell to the floor.
"He finally did it," she said. "He killed her, didn't he?"
When the officer asked who "he" was, Harding's mother replied, "Daniel Gascoyne."
The mother told police she had told her daughter to get a restraining order against Gascoyne.
She said her daughter said doing so would be signing her own death warrant.
In addition to the manslaughter and OUI motor vehicle homicide charge, Gascoyne is charged with negligent operation of a motor vehicle.
Gascoyne said through legal counsel he plans to appeal the bail amount.
A pre-trial hearing is set for Dec. 3.


Set in the Southern Highlands of Bundanoon, this Spanish inspired house has stood the test of time. John and his partner Kim built their home 17 years ago and are still in love with the timeless and individual design.
Although aesthetically charming and beautifully finished, the key features that form their love of home come from the use of Hebel throughout the construction of the property.
Having drawn inspiration from Adobe mud brick dwellings, John and Kim were committed to a specific look and feel when considering how to build. Fortunately for them, they were made aware of the benefits of Hebel and the characteristics that make it stand out from the competition. Hebel's high acoustic absorption and insulation efficiency gave John and Kim the confidence to use the material right throughout the house.
"People come and say it's a great house, it feels really really lovely.
As passionate advocates for sustainable products, they also wanted to build using a material that would not intrude on the environment but be embraced by it. The use of Hebel did not compromise on this, as they were still able to produce a rendered masonry finish with a solid feel.
Hebel PowerpanelXL and PowerBlock+ are made from aerated concrete, which means less than a quarter of the resources and raw materials are required on site compared to others on the market. It's no wonder that these products are fast becoming a popular choice for builders and homeowners alike.
John concludes by stating "People come and say it's a great house, it feels really really lovely. We say 'Yeah, it's a Hebel house' and we're quite proud of that".


In the post-apocalyptic wasteland every man rides for himself! Nitro is a crazy dieselpunk mash-up of kickass cars, awesome weapons and unexpected events. Sabotage is your best friend: cross your enemies, double-cross them — triple-cross them, if you like. Anything goes as long as it makes you win the race!
A genuine dieselpunk atmosphere that fans of such franchises as Mad Max will particularly enjoy.
A crazy mix of races, events, cunning, strategy and chance: perfect for Munchkin-style game lovers.
Filled with exciting twists and turns: planning is important but unexpected events can always change the outcome of the game.
A fun and dynamic gameplay that keeps you on your toes!


For example, I'm looking for an app/website which I can use in conversation with my persian friends, that displays the sentences I want to say in english phonetic form.
You can use Behnevis to transliterate from the so-called Finglish to Persian, and vice-versa. For the long vowels, make sure to use double letters; e.g. "salaam" instead of "salam" or "saalem" instead of "salem".
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged online-learning transliteration persian or ask your own question.
Are there any web sites that connect language learners for conversation practice?
Are there any interactive language learning resources for Levantine Arabic?
Is there any evidence that online language courses enable you to speak the language?


An eccentric senior citizen connects with a run away teenager.
Near the last place you were.
Optional Style: As recalled by a mad person.
It was Margret Schuler's 70th birthday. Her son had spared the morning to visit her at her suburban rambler, but had sons of his own he had to drive to and fro like a chauffeur for teenagers. It was nice to see her son, but she longed for the day when he needed her as his boys needed him. The afternoon was warm and sunny, the first such day in an unusually rainy spring. She decided it would be a good day to get some tulips to plant in the front garden from the local nursery. It was a short drive and the weekend traffic was light.
The nursery was alive with people. People of all ages wanders about, pointing at and picking through the plants. She took her time, relishing the hum of the busy place. She found the tulips she liked and bought a dozen assorted colors. They were bright and cheery, but delicate and ephemeral. This thought turned her mood melancholy as she connected the fate of the flower she had purchased to her own fate on this, her birth day.
Arriving home, these dour thoughts her easily dispelled as she looked forward to running her hands through the warm dirt in the flower beds. She retrieved her spade and fertilizer from the garage and opened the trunk of her car to pull out the tulips. That's when the dizziness hit her. The back of her car which had been just at her finger tips pulled away. The ground felt liked it lurched and she flung her arms to the side, grasping at the air to catch herself. She took two steps backward, and panicked as the realization that she was falling became unavoidable.
She awoke staring up at the bright sky and squinted. Her head lay in the grass, but she could tell the rest of her was on the now hot cement of her driveway. The world still spun and she lay there collecting herself. A boy, about 15, ran over, kneeling beside her seemingly from nowhere.
"Lady! Are you ok? I saw you fall!" the boy was panicked.
"No, no. I'm fine. Thank you," her wits were returning.
"What can I do?" the boy sounded desperate.
"Here, help me back up," Margret lifted a heavy arm to the boy. The boy took her hand, stood up and tugged like he was pulling trying to win at tug of war. Awkwardly, she forced strength to her legs and she was on her feet. Still woozy, she steadied herself with a hand on the boy's shoulder. She took a moment to let the blood return to her head and looked at the boy more closely. He had a short haircut, wore a filthy t-shirt and blue jeans and a overfilled school backpack clung to his shoulders.
"Nice to meet you Bill. And thank you for your help. Can you do one more thing for me walk me to the porch where there's shade? I still feel a bit weak" she was ashamed to admit it, but her old lady routine was also an attempt to figure out who this boy was. Bill let Margret hold onto his shoulder and walked with her to the porch where four patio chairs were arranged against the wall of the house to look over the front yard. She eased herself into one of the chairs and beckoned Bill to sit next to her.
"Thank you, Bill. The world need more nice people like you around. So, are you one of Doug and Sheryl's grandkids?" Margret pointed to the house across the street.
"No," Bill stared at his lap.
"No, I was just passing by," Bill mumbled without looking up.
Bill shrugged his shoulders. Margret to tell Bill was withdrawing inwardly and changed the subject.
"3 to 1 and Mackelmore hit his first homer of the season that game," Margret grinned.
"That was it. We had to get him headphones, I couldn't stand the stuff." Margret laughed again.
Bill laughed as well, "Yeah, my parents can't stand it–" He stopped short and the smile evaporated from his face.
Margret got up, feeling steady again, and went inside and pulled two cans of root beer from the fridge. She kept them on hand for her grandsons, but didn't mind the occasional soda herself. Bill was politely waiting for her when she got back.
"Thanks," Bill took the can, opened it and took two gigantic swigs before Margret had returned to her seat.
"Are you hungry? I've got some sandwich fixin's inside," Margret asked watching the boy gulp down the soda.
"Um… ok." Bill seemed unsure how he should answer, but clearly wanted something to eat. Margret once again went inside and came back out with three ham and turkey sandwiches cut in half diagonally. She offered Bill a sandwich and he grabbed two halves without hesitation. She sat down and took a bite of a triangle morsel herself. Bill gobbled down the first sandwich and Margret encouraged him to take more.
"It's my birthday today, Bill," Margret said matter of fact like.
"Oh," replied Bill, not knowing what to say to that.
Bill didn't respond but stared at her blankly as she surveyed her front lawn.
Bill nodded as he took another, slower bite from his sandwich.
Bill nodded slowly looking at the floor.
This entry was posted in Daily Writing Assignment.


text:
Dining Venues
Tannahill Shield
Golf Sponsorship
Royal Nairobi Golf Club is a prestigious private members' golf club. RNGC is the only club in Kenya with the royal status and it reciprocates with all other Royal chartered clubs worldwide. It was founded in 1906, and in 2006 it celebrated a century of golfing. It is Kenya's oldest club that was founded as a 9-hole golf course with a basic club house. The first captain of the club, Mr. C. Hirtzell, was duly elected on 14th April 1908, and first president, Sir Charles Bowring, took office in 1920, while first lady captain took office in 1933.
The history of golf in Kenya is intertwined with the history of RNGC. RNGC being the oldest golf club in the nation is, 'the real home of golf' in Kenya. RNGC continues to host the oldest golf tournament in Kenya: Easter Tournament. It brings together the country's top amateur golfers over three days during Easter since 1924. In 1938, it was decided to rename the trophy awarded to the winning team during the Tournament as the Tannahill Shield, in appreciation of Mr. Tannahill who donated the shield, and was the first Honorary Secretary of Kenya Golf Union (KGU). He also served as the president of RNGC. The first meeting of KGU was held at RNGC in 1923.
Mr. A. Tannahill
Please CLICK HERE to download a full version of the club history.
Off Ngong Road, Along Mucai Drive. Nairobi
info@royalnairobigc.com
+254 718 810 810 Or (WhatsApp- 0707 810 810 )
© 2023 Royal Nairobi Golf Club | The Real Home of Golf..


Get the JLPT N3 Grammar Check List !
When I decided to attempt the JLPT N3, I took weekly JLPT prep classes at JOI for the months leading up to the test.
These classes not only allowed me to practice and test myself on a lot of the grammar, vocabulary and kanji for the test level, but also to get ample exposure to the type of questions I could expect on the test, all with feedback from teachers when I got something wrong or there was something I didn't understand.
I would recommend them to anyone preparing to take the JLPT. Many thanks to the patient, caring teachers at JOI!


text:
The Rugby Union 'North South Divide'
The Rugby World Cup 2015 has been described by World Rugby as the most competitive tournament in the history of Rugby World Cups1. The gap in the playing abilities from tier 1 teams to tier 2 teams is closing. However, concern was raised about the dominance of Southern Hemisphere nations compared to their Northern counterparts. Is there really such a North – South Divide in Rugby Union?
There is overwhelming evidence showing that Southern hemisphere teams are more effective at scoring tries and that tries continue to win matches on more than 80% of occasions. Has this always been the case or are there periods when Northern hemisphere rugby has dominated the South?
The first step in unpacking these questions is a historical analysis of match outcome statistics; the number of points and tries teams scored per team per match for the Southern Hemisphere Rugby Championships (formally the Tri Nations) and the Northern Hemisphere 6 Nations (formally the 5 Nations).
Note: Red denotes higher than average seasonal data. Grey denotes lower than average seasonal data.
6 Nations matches in the first 8 years of professional rugby recorded a greater number of points and tries per teams than have been seen over the last 8 years for the same competition. The Rugby Championships on the other hand seem to be scoring more tries and points on average currently than they did at the start of the professional era. At this point the indications are that Southern hemisphere rugby is becoming more try orientated than in previous years.
To determine the relevance of this suggestion a cross competition comparisons must be made. The first impressions support the evidence that Southern hemisphere nations score more tries than 6 Nations teams, however the influence this has on the overall points scored is a little less clear.
Certainly the period between 2001 and 2007 when all of the teams are scoring a comparable number of tries directly influences the number of points a team would score (with the exception of 2001). Interestingly England won the Northern hemisphere's only World Cup during this period.
However, there are seasons in 6 Nations rugby specifically (1998, 2000, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2015 for example) when the number of tries scored does not have a significant bearing on the final points scored by a team.
Historical Comparison of Tries and Points Scored per team per match for Rugby Championship and 6 Nation teams
So how can these findings explain the success of the Southern hemisphere nations over their Northern hemisphere opponents?
Is it valid to suggest that these cross competition matches are weighted towards the Southern hemisphere nations simply as a result of how points are allocated to the different methods of scoring?
Or as we have seen from 2013 onwards that there is a resurgence in Northern hemisphere rugby, both in terms of points but more importantly tries?
Has the presence of 3 Australasian coaches and now with the introduction of Eddie Jones to England started to even out the balance of power?
Modelling Future Trends in Tries and Points scored by Rugby Championship and 6 Nation teams
Whilst this article has raised more questions than it has answered, it is clear that currently there is a Southern hemisphere domination, but there are indications that tries and points scored are cyclic with both competitions experiencing highs and lows at different points in their histories. However, European rugby appears to be back on the rise with the points scored trending in an upward direction again and the tries per team appears to be stabilising. The next couple of years could be very interesting to watch and see if this model has any predictive value could produce more favourable results in cross-hemispheric matches.
1 New report confirms most competitive Rugby World Cup http://www.rugbyworldcup.com/news/129277


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Ocean Dogs, distributes fine high quality custom off shore boating and fishing gear manufactured by I.T.E.M. Inc.
Specializing in Custom Covers for : On board navigation equipment, safety equipment, rigging and anything that needs to be protected from the elements.
We also supply Custom retail products that include : Sport Fish Chiller Bags with our own designed values that allow you to circulate cold water through the bag, Straps and tie down systems, Custom dock lines, line bags, Inflatable floats and Dry gear bags of any size..
Ocean Dogs provides Sea Anchors designed to fit your boat, along with custom harness and rigging to achieve the desired result you want.
Special Custom Design Services are our delight.
We welcome all ideas and designs for new products.
Whatever your need, Ocean Dogs will work closely with you to achieve the right solution.


text:
Fairie C. Hudson
Marion, Tennessee, United States
The Life Summary of Fairie C.
When Fairie C. Hudson was born in October 1884, in Marion, Tennessee, United States, her father, Burrell H Hudson, was 25 and her mother, Alice Nancy Herron, was 26. She married Wylie Thomas Nations on 25 February 1931, in Hamilton, Tennessee, United States. She lived in Civil District 3, Marion, Tennessee, United States in 1900 and Civil District 2, Hamilton, Tennessee, United States in 1920.
Do you know Fairie C.? Do you have a story about her that you would like to share? Sign In or Create a FREE Account
Learn about Fairie C.'s homeland.
Put your face in a costume from Fairie C.'s homelands.
Wylie Thomas Nations
Marriage: 25 February 1931
25 February 1931Hamilton, Tennessee, United States
Burrell H Hudson
Alice Nancy Herron
Fleecy Jane Hudson
Rena Ida Hudson
Mammie Hudson
Isham Franklin Hudson
Statue of Liberty is dedicated.
1886 · Giving Working Men a Union
The largest union group in the United States during the first half of the 20th century. It still exists today but merged with The Congress of Industrial Organization.
1916 · The First woman elected into the US Congress
Jeannette Pickering Rankin became the first woman to hold a federal office position in the House of Representatives, and remains the only woman elected to Congress by Montana.
Fairie
English: patronymic from the Middle English personal name Hudde (see Hudd ) + -son. This surname is also established in Ireland.
Hodsdon
Farris Hudson in household of Burl H Hudson, "United States Census, 1920"
Fairie C Hudson, "Tennessee, County Marriages, 1790-1950"
Fairie C Hudson in household of Burrel H Hudson, "United States Census, 1900"


Caribarena Antigua News : "An Italian airline, Blue Panorama, made its inaugural flight into VC Bird International Airport early Tuesday morning. The weekly charter originates in Milan. The Italian market has always been a very buoyant one for Antigua & Barbuda, bringing in over 7,000 visitors last year.
This route was formerly serviced by Livingston Airlines, another Italian charter operator which went into liquidation in September. At that time, it was doubtful whether another airline would be able to meet all of the necessary requirements to begin operating in time for the winter season 2011.
Negotiations were held between the Ministry of Tourism, the Antigua and Barbuda Tourism Authority,"


I am trying to write a sample application to make use of a JPA 2nd level cache, but Cache Query it is not working as expected.
I have Employee object which is cache-able, now i have a test case (JpaCachingTest.shouldCacheQuery) to test the query cache. This test case first creates 2 employee objects and calling persist on EntityManager, now these 2 employee objects are available in 2nd level cache (EntityManagerFactory). Now i cleared the cache, and try to find one of the employee object using another session (EntityManager2.find) , and i am able to find the object (sql query fired by hibernate to fetch the row) but this object is not loaded into the 2nd level cache. In order to get this object i need to explicitly call em2.refresh(emp).
I dont know if it is a bug with inifinispan (org.hibernate.cache.infinispan.InfinispanRegionFactory) or if i am missing any configuration. The same working with ehcache or eclipselink. Here i am uploading my project ( please have a look at infinispan.xml, persitance.xml and JpaCachingTest).
This happens because the tx2 was started before the region was invalidated by evictAll() - to prevent some race condition, the entity is not written into the cache.


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Cloud Security Alliance Creates Certification Program for IT Pros
Brian Prince
The Cloud Security Alliance (CSA) has established a user certification program for IT professionals dealing with cloud computing.
According to the CSA, the Certificate of Cloud Security Knowledge (CCSK) is meant to ensure people with responsibilities related to cloud computing are aware of security threats and best practices for securing the cloud.
"Cloud represents the shift to compute as a utility and is ushering in a new generation of information technology," said Jim Reavis, CSA executive director, in a statement. "Critical services are now being provided via the cloud, which is creating a mandate for cloud security skills across the spectrum of IT-related professions. …When combined with existing professional certifications, the CCSK helps provide necessary assurance of user competency in this important time of transition."
The CSA has released guidance on a number of best practices in the Security Guidance for Critical Areas of Focus in Cloud Computing, V2.1. In addition, the group cited the European Network and Information Security Agency (ENISA) whitepaper "Cloud Computing: Benefits, Risks and Recommendations for Information Security" as an important contribution to the body of knowledge on cloud security.
According to the alliance, the CCSK program will provide evidence that an individual has successfully completed a test covering the key concepts in both the CSA guidance and ENISA whitepaper.
Among the companies endorsing the certification are eBay, Lockheed Martin and Sallie Mae. Online testing will be available starting Sept. 1, with the CSA offering discount pricing of $195 through Dec. 31. Regular pricing at $295 begins Jan. 1.


Home buying sentiment started to recover in Shanghai after the weeklong Spring Festival holiday, latest market data showed.
The area of new residential properties sold, excluding government-subsidized affordable housing, rose 69.8 percent to 26,000 square meters during the seven-day period ending on Sunday, Shanghai Centaline Property Consultants Co said in a report released today.
Citywide, outlying districts of Chongming and Jiading remained key drivers of the growth while some of their downtown counterparts continued to register zero sales."
The Shanghai housing market will continue to gain momentum in the next few weeks despite a rather moderate pace as we've anticipated," said Lu Wenxi, senior manager of research at Centaline.?"The reason why we don't expect a significant rebound anytime soon is because the market will most likely stay cautious until some clear signals from the government are sent," Lu said.
Such signals are expected to have impact over many major real estate policies to be introduced in March.
The average cost of new homes fell 7.2 percent from the previous week to 38,613 yuan (US$6,101) per square meter, probably the lowest weekly price in more than a year, according to Centaline data.
A residential project developed by Tahoe Group on Changxing Island in Chongming District remained the most sought-after development after selling 6,141 square meters, or 61 units, for an average price of around 28,000 yuan per square meter.?Only one out of the 10 best-selling projects cost more than 50,000 yuan per square meter while two stayed below the 30,000-yuan-per-square-meter threshold, Centaline data showed.
On the supply side, some 48,000 square meters of new homes at two projects in Jing'an and Jiading districts were released to the local market last week. One of them, located in downtown Jiangning Road precinct, introduced a total of 164 apartments on Saturday with average price ranging between 61,000 yuan and 101,000 yuan per square meter.


Seems there are not enough hours to the day all of a sudden, only to be expected on a Bank holiday(sort of) /Raft Race/Fishing Competition weekend. Before going back up the road in the next hour I have to replenish prawn stocks at the Inn and take the pooches out for a wander. They are going to be on their own for quite a bit today as staff numbers are pretty thin out front and in the Bar. Break will involve cycling home and taking them out for a decent walk before going back into the maelstrom. Weather is beautiful this morning as well so day trippers may well be attracted out for meal……I suppose you have to say "Bring it on".
Back to the Raft Race.
I took a meander back to Shore Street before the rafts made their way along the shore against the wind.
came in ahead of the Gnomes. Above the lifeboat was joined by the Search and Rescue helicopter from Stornoway.
and the local talent on display again.
Flags flying on the tables of customers watching the spectacle. Decided against bringing Dougal up to the proceedings as sitting quietly is not his strong point with so much going on.
showing off their skills in rescuing seafarers.
It was well impressive and some people watching were a little emotional watching their efforts. watch avidly from the shore by the returning contestants and there was another display to come but more of that another time.
Raft Race and general mayhem.
General organised mayhem at the Inn tonight. These nights can be difficult to work as the residents still have to be looked after and families fed in amongst a more raucous background. The annual raft race took place which attracts many regulars back to the area. The fishing competition takes place tomorrow. Considering the weather this morning everything went really well with a breeze for most of the evening and a bit of sunshine thrown in. The life boats from Kyle and Portree came over and anyone wanting a trip out headed off to Milton pier. Unfortunately the Search and Rescue helicopter which does a display was called out to attend to a broken leg on Ben Nevis.
While the life boats stood off the rafts headed down from Milton to the Inn. Convincing winners were the women from the boatyards, roads ,dykes and kitchens of Applecross.
Meanwhile ashore Aaron's BBQ was well under way, featuring pulled pork rolls, peri peri prawns,halloumi skewers with beetroot pilaf and of course the kraken ice cream.
Music was provided by Jigginaboot ,fiddle and strings outside and this was followed by The Coast Road Truckers and they were starting their second half as I was leaving. The party was well under way with the rums, lagers, gins and drams not touching the sides. Traditionally there are several hangovers for the Fishing competition on saturday.
Quite a few characters are around on the day Francis has not been home for a couple of days and Darren, who would believe he is a ruffty tuffty stone waller?
And behind all this was the amazing backdrop of The Inner Sound. It is no wonder that the saint Maelruah stopped off here. How could he have passed such an amazing place. In amongst all this was a film crew who were putting together a pilot for a potential TV series. Not sure what about but answered a question or two about the place while sampling one of Aaron's kracken ice cream cones.
And finally with The Bahamas arriving on Wednesday and Chilean divers this weekend we are up to 64 visiting countries.


A fully inclusive safari and beach combo with chartered flights and heli transfers to andBeyond Benguerra Island. Great package deal to Mozambique.
Visit &Beyond Ngala Safari Lodge to relax and view a variety of amazing animals. While the unfenced camp calls for extreme vigilance, your chances of seeing the Big Five is highly probable. Spacious cottages beneath a canopy Mopane and Tamboti trees a exude a romantic colonial ambiance and guest areas overlook a private waterhole in the bush. Exhilarating evening drives continue after nightfall, end the evening with a warm and hospitable banquet.
Head off to Benguerra Island just off the coast of Mozambique and &Beyond Benguerra Lodge welcomes you for a 5-night stay. Flights from KMIA to Vilanculos are included in this bush and beach package. Helicopter transfers to Benguerra are also thrown in for free!
Rooms at &Beyond Benguerra Island open onto the sparkling blue ocean assuring you of that fresh island feeling. Indulge in a decadent castaway picnic on a secluded sandbank, choose from a range of diving adventures with the onsite dive center or take a helicopter flip to marvel at crystal clear waters and pristine white beaches.


We have a lot of books about kid stuff--crafts, experiments, activities, etc. We found this experiment in one of our Kid Concoctions Books.
All you have to do for the experiment is cover a chicken bone with vinegar for a week (or more).
It is supposed to become "rubbery". We used a Turkey leg bone, so it actually took ours about 3 weeks before it started working.
We checked it yesterday. Here are our pics. After 24 hours of being out of the vinegar, it started hardening up again. I didn't realize it was going to do that!
I think we'll try an egg in vinegar next. That experiment sound really cool! Which science experiments with vinegar have you done?


The need to deal honestly with all others and with oneself has long been a foundational belief among Friends, summarized by the old injunction: "Let your yea be yea and your nay be nay." For Friends, having integrity means being authentic and having consistency between one's values and one's actions. Lack of integrity separates us from our own soul, from the Light within, and from our community.
Quakers try to live according to the deepest truth they know, which they believe comes from God. This means speaking the truth to all, including people in positions of power. Friends do not take oaths when appearing in a court of law, rejecting the idea that there is one standard of truth for daily living and another for the court.
In the AFSC community we are committed to making our words, actions, and beliefs consistent. We "speak truth to power"—and to each other—even when it is difficult and our message may be unpopular. We deal honestly and fairly with colleagues and partners. We take responsibility for our actions and their results. We fulfill our commitments, and we give credit to others for their contributions.
While acting on our deepest beliefs and values, we are also open to new ideas, new solutions, and new paths. We know that our understanding at any moment is incomplete, at best an approximation of the truth that may be improved by new insights.
Our deepest calling is to grow into our own authentic self-hood, whether or not it conforms to some image of who we ought to be. As we do so, we will not only find the joy that every human being seeks—we will also find our path of authentic service in the world.
Knowing others is to be clever.
Knowing yourself is to be enlightened.
Wisdom consists in speaking and acting the truth.
I have long believed that speaking truth is both the simplest way of leading your life and one of the most difficult to achieve.
How is my work in harmony with the truth as I understand it?
In what ways do my interactions with other people reflect my beliefs and values?
How can I speak my truth so that those who disagree with me can hear it?
How well do I bring my inner life and outer life into wholeness?
What are Testimonies and Queries?


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Crystal Collapse FAQs
AARPLynne
What is Crystal Collapse?
In this enchanting pattern-matching game, you can match crystals for points, then clear obstacles by matching multiple crystals of one color. Use powers like the North Star, Bear Paw, and Bird to achieve new goals at every level. Sit back, relax, and enjoy!
Who can play Crystal Collapse?
Crystal Collapse is a Members Only game, accessible only by AARP Members. It's one of more than two dozen games exclusive to Members.
I thought I could play without being a member?
Crystal Collapse was available for any registered user during a special preview period. That preview period ended on December 13, 2022, when the game became Members Only.
How do I get more points?
While playing, you'll often see a group of like-colored crystals with an animal marking on all of them. These special powers appear when a certain number of crystals are next to each other — the more crystals, the better the power.
When you click on this grouping, they'll all condense into one special crystal. You can use that crystal to clear multiple other crystals (or logs, or leaves) nearby. But you can go even one step further with a combo.
Collapse a crystal into one of the animal powers, and then try to collapse another crystal into another animal power, so that the two powers are sitting right next to each other. Then click on one of the animal powers and watch a huge portion of the board disappear!
Crystal Collapse


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Add realistic plants to any garden scene. This easy-to-build kit includes parts for 36 pumpkins, 24 cucumber plants, 32 heads of lettuce and 12 leafy plants. Plastic parts come molded in appropriate colors and can be planted anywhere. Shed and road sold separately.


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text:
Sammy Adjei (Accra, 1980. szeptember 1. –) ghánai válogatott labdarúgó.

Pályafutása

Sikeri, díjai
Hearts of Oak
Ghánai bajnok: 1997–98, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2004–05, 2009
Ghánai kupa: 1993–94, 1995–96, 1999, 2000
Ghánai szuperkupa: 1997, 1998
CAF-bajnokok ligája: 2000
CAF szuperkupa: 2001
CAF Konföderációs kupa: 2004

Jegyzetek

További információk
Fifa 2006 World Cup Profil

Transfermarkt profil

1980-ban született személyek
Ghánai labdarúgók
Labdarúgókapusok
A 2006-os világbajnokság labdarúgói
Élő személyek