text:
Emancipation and Reconstruction
Presidential Reconstruction
Radical Reconstruction
Reconstruction Comes to an End
The Union victory in the Civil War in 1865 may have given some 4 million slaves their freedom, but the process of rebuilding the South during the Reconstruction period (1865-1877) introduced a new set of significant challenges. Under the administration of President Andrew Johnson in 1865 and 1866, new southern state legislatures passed restrictive "black codes" to control the labor and behavior of former slaves and other African Americans. Outrage in the North over these codes eroded support for the approach known as Presidential Reconstruction and led to the triumph of the more radical wing of the Republican Party. During Radical Reconstruction, which began in 1867, newly enfranchised blacks gained a voice in government for the first time in American history, winning election to southern state legislatures and even to the U.S. Congress. In less than a decade, however, reactionary forces–including the Ku Klux Klan–would reverse the changes wrought by Radical Reconstruction in a violent backlash that restored white supremacy in the South.
At the outset of the Civil War, to the dismay of the more radical abolitionists in the North, President Abraham Lincoln did not make abolition of slavery a goal of the Union war effort. To do so, he feared, would drive the border slave states still loyal to the Union into the Confederacy and anger more conservative northerners. By the summer of 1862, however, the slaves themselves had pushed the issue, heading by the thousands to the Union lines as Lincoln's troops marched through the South. Their actions debunked one of the strongest myths underlying Southern devotion to the "peculiar institution"–that many slaves were truly content in bondage–and convinced Lincoln that emancipation had become a political and military necessity. In response to Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation, which freed more than 3 million slaves in the Confederate states by January 1, 1863, blacks enlisted in the Union Army in large numbers, reaching some 180,000 by war's end.
Did you know? During Reconstruction, the Republican Party in the South represented a coalition of blacks (who made up the overwhelming majority of Republican voters in the region) along with "carpetbaggers" and "scalawags," as white Republicans from the North and South, respectively, were known.
Emancipation changed the stakes of the Civil War, ensuring that a Union victory would mean large-scale social revolution in the South. It was still very unclear, however, what form this revolution would take. Over the next several years, Lincoln considered ideas about how to welcome the devastated South back into the Union, but as the war drew to a close in early 1865 he still had no clear plan. In a speech delivered on April 11, while referring to plans for Reconstruction in Louisiana, Lincoln proposed that some blacks–including free blacks and those who had enlisted in the military–deserved the right to vote. He was assassinated three days later, however, and it would fall to his successor to put plans for Reconstruction in place.
At the end of May 1865, President Andrew Johnson announced his plans for Reconstruction, which reflected both his staunch Unionism and his firm belief in states' rights. In Johnson's view, the southern states had never given up their right to govern themselves, and the federal government had no right to determine voting requirements or other questions at the state level. Under Johnson's Presidential Reconstruction, all land that had been confiscated by the Union Army and distributed to the freed slaves by the army or the Freedmen's Bureau (established by Congress in 1865) reverted to its prewar owners. Apart from being required to uphold the abolition of slavery (in compliance with the 13th Amendment to the Constitution), swear loyalty to the Union and pay off war debt, southern state governments were given free reign to rebuild themselves.
As a result of Johnson's leniency, many southern states in 1865 and 1866 successfully enacted a series of laws known as the "black codes," which were designed to restrict freed blacks' activity and ensure their availability as a labor force. These repressive codes enraged many in the North, including numerous members of Congress, which refused to seat congressmen and senators elected from the southern states. In early 1866, Congress passed the Freedmen's Bureau and Civil Rights Bills and sent them to Johnson for his signature. The first bill extended the life of the bureau, originally established as a temporary organization charged with assisting refugees and freed slaves, while the second defined all persons born in the United States as national citizens who were to enjoy equality before the law. After Johnson vetoed the bills–causing a permanent rupture in his relationship with Congress that would culminate in his impeachment in 1868–the Civil Rights Act became the first major bill to become law over presidential veto.
After northern voters rejected Johnson's policies in the congressional elections in late 1866, Republicans in Congress took firm hold of Reconstruction in the South. The following March, again over Johnson's veto, Congress passed the Reconstruction Act of 1867, which temporarily divided the South into five military districts and outlined how governments based on universal (male) suffrage were to be organized. The law also required southern states to ratify the 14th Amendment, which broadened the definition of citizenship, granting "equal protection" of the Constitution to former slaves, before they could rejoin the Union. In February 1869, Congress approved the 15th Amendment (adopted in 1870), which guaranteed that a citizen's right to vote would not be denied "on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude."
By 1870, all of the former Confederate states had been admitted to the Union, and the state constitutions during the years of Radical Reconstruction were the most progressive in the region's history. African-American participation in southern public life after 1867 would be by far the most radical development of Reconstruction, which was essentially a large-scale experiment in interracial democracy unlike that of any other society following the abolition of slavery. Blacks won election to southern state governments and even to the U.S. Congress during this period. Among the other achievements of Reconstruction were the South's first state-funded public school systems, more equitable taxation legislation, laws against racial discrimination in public transport and accommodations and ambitious economic development programs (including aid to railroads and other enterprises).
After 1867, an increasing number of southern whites turned to violence in response to the revolutionary changes of Radical Reconstruction. The Ku Klux Klan and other white supremacist organizations targeted local Republican leaders, white and black, and other African Americans who challenged white authority. Though federal legislation passed during the administration of President Ulysses S. Grant in 1871 took aim at the Klan and others who attempted to interfere with black suffrage and other political rights, white supremacy gradually reasserted its hold on the South after the early 1870s as support for Reconstruction waned. Racism was still a potent force in both South and North, and Republicans became more conservative and less egalitarian as the decade continued. In 1874–after an economic depression plunged much of the South into poverty–the Democratic Party won control of the House of Representatives for the first time since the Civil War.
When Democrats waged a campaign of violence to take control of Mississippi in 1875, Grant refused to send federal troops, marking the end of federal support for Reconstruction-era state governments in the South. By 1876, only Florida, Louisiana and South Carolina were still in Republican hands. In the contested presidential election that year, Republican candidate Rutherford B. Hayes reached a compromise with Democrats in Congress: In exchange for certification of his election, he acknowledged Democratic control of the entire South. The Compromise of 1876 marked the end of Reconstruction as a distinct period, but the struggle to deal with the revolution ushered in by slavery's eradication would continue in the South and elsewhere long after that date. A century later, the legacy of Reconstruction would be revived during the civil rights movement of the 1960s, as African Americans fought for the political, economic and social equality that had long been denied them.
https://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/reconstruction
Black Leaders During Reconstruction
General Sherman's Legacy
The Civil War and Its Legacy
Subscribe for fascinating stories connecting the past to the present.
One of the most important aspects of Reconstruction was the active participation of African Americans (including thousands of former slaves) in the political, economic and social life of the South. The era was to a great extent defined by their quest for autonomy and equal ...read more
Carpetbaggers & Scalawags
During and immediately after the Civil War, many northerners headed to the southern states, driven by hopes of economic gain, a desire to work on behalf of the newly emancipated slaves or a combination of both. These "carpetbaggers"–whom many in the South viewed as opportunists ...read more
The Civil War in the United States began in 1861, after decades of simmering tensions between northern and southern states over slavery, states' rights and westward expansion. The election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860 caused seven southern states to secede and form the Confederate ...read more
Edwin M. Stanton
Edwin McMasters Stanton (1814-1869) was a lawyer and politician who served as Abraham Lincoln's secretary of war during the Civil War (1861-65). A native of Ohio, Stanton briefly served as attorney general under President James Buchanan before succeeding Simon Cameron as the ...read more
The Confederate States of America was a collection of 11 states that seceded from the United States in 1860 following the election of President Abraham Lincoln. Led by Jefferson Davis and existing from 1861 to 1865, the Confederacy struggled for legitimacy and was never ...read more
Wade Hampton III (1818-1902) was a South Carolina plantation owner and politician who served as a Confederate general during the Civil War (1861-65). He personally organized "Hampton's Legion" at the outbreak of the Civil War and played a key role in the First Battle of Bull Run ...read more
William Seward (1801-1872) was a politician who served as governor of New York, as a U.S. senator and as secretary of state during the Civil War (1861-65). Seward spent his early career as a lawyer before winning a seat in the New York State Senate in 1830. An ardent ...read more
On September 22, 1862, President Abraham Lincoln issued the preliminary Emancipation Proclamation, which declared that as of January 1, 1863, all slaves in the states currently engaged in rebellion against the Union "shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free." Lincoln ...read more
Secession, as it applies to the outbreak of the American Civil War, comprises the series of events that began on December 20, 1860, and extended through June 8 of the next year when eleven states in the Lower and Upper South severed their ties with the Union. The first seven ...read more


Ted's House is where Ted Hughes was born. Situated near the picturesque Rochdale canal with its 19th century stone bridges and an abundance of wildlife, the property has been lovingly restored and is decorated in a 1930s style. Fitted with modern appliances, and with a wifi connection, the house captures the ambience of the era when Hughes was born, but without foregoing comfort.
The house sleeps 4 and is open all year round as a holiday let. It's warm and comfortable, with ample space for a family. The house is conveniently sited near the centre of Mytholmroyd and the Dusty Miller pub, which dates from the 18th century. The town is surrounded by the beautiful countryside that inspired Hughes's Remains of Elmet.
The house provides a perfect base for anglers - throughout his life Ted was a keen angler - walkers, and cyclists. Within easy reach of both the Pennine and Calderdale Ways, and with footpaths, cycle routes, bridle ways and packhorse trails in every direction, Ted's House offers plenty of options for rambling, riding, or just strolling along the canal towpath to Hebden Brdge, with its array of pubs, galleries and coffee shops. And, as Ted knew from his childhood wanderings, the countryside is rich in wildlife. In Remains of Elmet, as well as snipe, grouse, and curlew, Hughes mentions fox, red squirrel, badger, and weasel.
Fans of Hughes's work may choose to sleep in the light and airy attic room where Ted slept as a child; peruse the photographs of Ted and his family, and browse through the collection of his works donated by his widow, Carol Hughes. Copies of his work can be purchased from The Bookcase in Hebden Bridge, one of the country's leading independent booksellers, regularly shortlisted for publishing industry awards.
Only a short drive away - or a bus ride from the centre of Hebden Bridge - is Haworth, home of the Bronte sisters. From there it's a short hike to Top Withens, a favourite with Hughes and the Brontes, and said to be the inspiration for Emily Bronte's Wuthering Heights.
To stay in Ted's House, click here to make a booking through our agent Cottages4You.
COPYRIGHT © THE ELMET TRUST 2014. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.


The Arkansas Department of Heritage announced the finalist for the Food Hall of Fame program today. The Arkansas Food Hall of Fame honors restaurants and individuals in an overall hall of fame category, proprietor of the year, food themed event, and a gone but not forgotten category that focuses on past restaurants. There is a fourth category of people's choice pulled from a total number of submissions by individuals and does not traditionally announce a set of finalists ahead of time.
This year the Department of Heritage received 650 submissions covering all 75 Arkansas counties. That is up from 450 submissions last year, showing the event is growing strong each year.
Little Rock area nominees include Brunos Little Italy, Burge's, Doe's Eat Place, Ohio Club (Hot Springs), and Star of India in the Hall of Fame category. Capi Peck (Trios), Peter Brave (Brave New), Sami Lal (Star of India) and Scott McGehee (Yellow Rocket Concepts) in the Proprietor of the Year category. The Greek Food Festival in the Food Event Category. La Scala and The Shack in the Gone but Not Forgotten Category.
The winners will be announced at a ceremony on Monday, February 25th at the Ron Robinson Theater in the Rivermarket.
Finalists have been announced for the 2019 class of the Arkansas Food Hall of Fame. The Department of Arkansas Heritage launched the Arkansas Food Hall of Fame program in 2016 to recognize Arkansas's legendary restaurants, proprietors and food-themed events across the state.
Winners will be announced at a reception and induction ceremony on Monday, February 25, 2019, at the Ron Robinson Theater in Little Rock. The business casual reception will start at 5:30 p.m., followed by the induction ceremony at 6:15 p.m.
The public is invited to attend the reception and induction ceremony. Tickets are available for purchase, but space is limited. Tickets are $20 and can be purchased online at ArkFoodHOF.com, or by emailing Andrew Vogler at andrew.vogler@arkansas.gov or calling 501-324-9346. Tickets must be reserved no later than February 8, 2019. Payment will also be accepted by cash or check at the February 25 event. For more information about the Arkansas Food Hall of Fame, visit ArkFoodHOF.com.


text:
Stonehaven Beach (Aberdeenshire)
Home > United Kingdom > Aberdeenshire > Stonehaven
Stonehaven beach sits within the harbour town of Stonehaven midway between Aberdeen in the north and Montrose in the south.
The beach is within a half-moon bay and has all the facilities you expect of a town beach.
Stonehaven Beach has been awarded a regional Seaside Award.
Stonehaven Beach is dog friendly and allows dogs all year.
Why not check other beaches nearby as we have no beaches around Stonehaven, 18 beaches in Aberdeenshire, or check our list of Aberdeenshire Dog Friendly Beaches.
No water quality measurement available for Stonehaven Beach.
Our weather forecast for Stonehaven in Aberdeenshire is split into two widgets. The first shows a timeline containing temperature, wind, sunrise/sunset and chance of rain, whilst the second shows the forecast for the week ahead including severe weather alerts when available.
In this 'you may also like' section we attempt to answer what else can I do? Here you have a list by order of being the closest some more beaches, things to see and do, places to eat and upcoming events.
Stonehaven Tolbooth
Stonehaven Open Air Swimming Pool
Stonehaven Open Air Swimming Pool was opened on 4th June 1934. Huge Olympic-sized, 50m long pool and lido.
Dunnottar Castle is that unforgettable experience of Scotland and brings to life the movie 'Brave'. This is the dramatic and evocative ruin of a fortress set on a cliff top on its own peninsula in Scotland! Walk around the extensive buildings and explore the keep through the barracks, lodgings, stables and storehouses to the less-ruinous chapel and drawing room. Here you'll discover the importance of Dunnottar, an impregnable Castle that holds many rich secrets of Scotland's colourful past. William Wallace, Mary Queen of Scots, the Marquis of Montrose and the future King Charles II, all graced the Castle with their presence. Most famously though, it was at Dunnottar Castle that a small garrison held out against the might of Cromwell's army for eight months and saved the Scottish Crown Jewels, the 'Honours of Scotland', from destruction. Crown, sceptre and sword now take pride of place in Edinburgh Castle. A darker chapter in the history of Dunnottar is that of the 'Whig's Vault'. The gruesome story of the imprisonment in 1685 of a group of Covenanters who refused to acknowledge the King's supremacy in spiritual matters. The Castle was the home of the Earls Marischal once one of the most powerful families in the land. The last Earl was convicted of treason for his part in the Jacobite rising of 1715, and as a result of his estates, including Dunnottar, were seized by the government. The buildings were thereafter much neglected until 1925 when the 1st Viscountess Cowdray embarked on a systematic repair of the Castle. The Castle was officially made open to visitors thereafter.
Inverbervie Beach
Inverbervie beach, often referred to as Bervie beach sits within Bervie Bay. The beach is a pebble and shingle beach that has a steep bank and at the northern point, the River Bervie passes through the beach to join the North Sea. The beach and River Bervie are popular fishing locations. Facilities at the beach include car parking, picnic tables, with food and shops in Inverbervie. You also have a caravan and campsite by the beach and river mouth.
Where can I stay ...
Booking.com interactive map
What do others think ...
Seaside Award
Stonehaven,
Aberdeenshire,
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Young Consumers A Mix Of Super Savers, Debt Slaves
• July 7, 2014
buying a homecollegecollege debtfinancial advisorinvestmentsmoneynewssavingstudent loans
By Susan Tompor Detroit Free Press.
Ebeth Fielder, 22, is like a lot of young consumers when she admits that she has not begun saving in a 401(k) yet.
Even Fielder, who makes a living talking to other millennial consumers about money, admits she has a big financial learning curve ahead.
Fielder drives a car with loud logos plastered all over it. She heads to festivals and events as the hip "spokester" for the Young & Free program that targets the 18-to-25 crowd at Michigan First Credit Union, based in Lathrup Village, Mich.
She thinks younger consumers can save money, sees a financial future as doable, but says many young people need to re-think how they're spending their money.
Giving up small purchases can help finance bigger projects. Her goal is to save money to buy a home with her husband, who is a youth minister.
"I love to shop so much, but I hate spending money," said Fielder, who writes a blog at YoungFreeMichigan.com.
Young consumers, depending on the survey, can provide a contradiction in financial terms.
Millennials either are "super savers" with an eye on retirement or so dogged by debt that they don't know which way to turn.
They are the digital do-it-yourself generation of "super savers," according to a study by the Transamerica Center for Retirement Studies.
That study offered a shocking tidbit: about 70 percent of millennials are starting to save for retirement either through employer-sponsored plans or outside the workplace.
The median age they start saving is 22 years old, far younger than many baby boomers who started saving at a median age of 35 years old, according to the Transamerica Center study.
"Millennials have retirement on the brain," said Catherine Collinson, president of the Transamerica Center for Retirement Studies.
For research purposes, the report defines the millennial group as those born between 1979 and 1996.
But others say we cannot lose sight that Americans owe more than $1.2 trillion in student loans and many younger consumers are reluctant to spend.
More than half of millennials say they are living paycheck-to-paycheck and are unable to save, according to a survey prepared for Wells Fargo.
About 39 percent of millennials indicate that they feel overwhelmed with the current amount of debt they have to pay off. That compares to 23 percent of baby boomers, according to the Survey of Millennials and Baby Boomers prepared for Wells Fargo Retirement Communications and WBR Market Intelligence.
While 3 in 5 millennials identify themselves as savers, about 45 percent have not yet started saving for retirement, according to the survey released in May.
For some, the burden of too much debt means they cannot buy a home as quickly as they'd like.
Colleen Jirikovic, certified credit counselor for GreenPath Debt Solutions in Farmington Hills, Mich., said some young people seem more concerned about tackling student loans first before taking on the responsibility of a mortgage.
Jirikovic counseled one engaged couple, both in their 20s, who wanted to buy a home but then dug through the numbers associated with their student loans.
After taxes, their income was about $4,000 a month. But their combined student loans added up to about $1,100 a month. And they had debt from car loans.
Given all their debt, they'd be limited to a $600 monthly mortgage payment with taxes and insurance.
On a 30-year fixed mortgage at 4.25 percent, the couple might be able to take out a mortgage of around $70,000 or so, according to Greg McBride, chief financial analyst for Bankrate.com.
But even then, the couple wouldn't have much money left in their budget. Ultimately, they decided they didn't want to buy a small home now.
"They were upset at first," Jirikovic said.
But they knew waiting, renting and taking more time to pay down their debt would be the right thing to do for them.
"They didn't want to invest in something that they maybe couldn't sell later," Jirikovic said. Fielder said one of her goals is to help young adults feel empowered about their finances.
Sometimes, it means studying options and mapping out a route.
One trick Fielder uses to control her urge to shop is to ask how many hours she'd have to work to pay for a T-shirt or a pair of shoes.
Say you spot a pair of shoes on sale for $40. It might be tempting to snap up designer shoes that are now half-off the $80 original price.
But instead, a shopper might stop and consider how much he or she is paid each hour. If you're earning $10 an hour, you could ask if the shoes are really worth four hours of your time, or half of a regular workday.
"Is this a value to me? Is it worth my time?" Fielder said. "You're spending your time earning that money."
Efforts Seek To Link Women-Led Startups,
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Crowdfunding Is Finding Fascinating Uses
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Getting Started: Financial Health Can Be A Matter Of Time, Not Smarts


text:
APP reporter arrested at Asbury Park George Floyd protest
Andrew J. Goudsward
ASBURY PARK - An Asbury Park Press reporter was arrested covering a protest in the city Monday night denouncing police brutality in the wake of George Floyd's death
Gustavo Martínez Contreras, who was covering the rally for the Press, was streaming the protest live on Twitter, when officers closed in to clear the street of protesters that stayed out past a citywide curfew.
Martínez Contreras' video ends with an officer yelling "you're under arrest" and "get your f---ing hands behind your back."
A news photographer later captured an image of Martínez Contreras being loaded into a police van.
Moments before, officers in riot gear began clearing the streets of downtown after warning protesters they were in violation of the 8 p.m. curfew. The video posted by Martínez Contreras showed officers beginning to arrest several other protesters who remained in the street.
One woman was pushed to the ground as officers arrested a man nearby, footage posted by Martínez Contreras shows.
A police helicopter could be heard whirring overhead.
Asbury Park police later said one officer was injured after demonstrators hurled rocks at officers ordering them to go home.
Martínez Contreras was transported to the Belmar Police Department and issued a summons for failing to obey an order to disperse. He was released from police custody early Tuesday morning.
Authorities later said the charges would be dropped and state Attorney General Gurbir Grewal apologized for the arrest.
Column: Arrest of APP reporter covering Asbury Park protest part of a troubling trend
Officers ultimately arrested 12 people, including two juveniles, police said.
Thousands of protesters had gathered at the Asbury Park Post Office earlier in the evening to denounce police brutality in the wake of the death of George Floyd at the hands of a white police officer in Minneapolis last week.
Asbury Park officials imposed an 8 p.m. curfew earlier in the day in anticipation of the protest. The curfew exempted credentialed members of the media.
The demonstration remained peaceful as demonstrators first gathered at the Asbury Park Post Office and later marched through the streets of downtown, chanting "Black Lives Matter" and "enough is enough."
But the mood grew increasingly tense as the night wore on. Protesters engaged in heated exchanges with officers outside the Asbury Park Police Department.
Tension boiled over when officers in riot gear moved in to clear the streets.


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Customers want more diversity. That demands smaller quantities more often. With Direct Sales from Floramondo, you can manage all your individual purchasing agreements with growers from now on in one central place. This means you always have an overview of your direct purchases.
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text:
Q: Unit test AuthorizationHandler I used the resource-based authorization pattern in .NET Core 2.1 as described here. The only problem that I have is I have no idea how to test my AuthorizationHandler cleanly.
Anyone here done something like that already?
AuthorizationHandler sample (from the above link):
public class DocumentAuthorizationHandler :
    AuthorizationHandler<SameAuthorRequirement, Document>
{
    protected override Task HandleRequirementAsync(AuthorizationHandlerContext context,
                                                   SameAuthorRequirement requirement,
                                                   Document resource)
    {
        if (context.User.Identity?.Name == resource.Author)
        {
            context.Succeed(requirement);
        }

        return Task.CompletedTask;
    }
}

public class SameAuthorRequirement : IAuthorizationRequirement { }

A: All the required dependencies are available for an isolated unit test.
the desired method under test HandleRequirementAsync is accessible via the Task HandleAsync(AuthorizationHandlerContext context)
/// <summary>
/// Makes a decision if authorization is allowed.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="context">The authorization context.</param>
public virtual async Task HandleAsync(AuthorizationHandlerContext context)
{
    if (context.Resource is TResource)
    {
        foreach (var req in context.Requirements.OfType<TRequirement>())
        {
            await HandleRequirementAsync(context, req, (TResource)context.Resource);
        }
    }
}

And that member is only dependent on AuthorizationHandlerContext which has a constructor as follows
public AuthorizationHandlerContext(
    IEnumerable<IAuthorizationRequirement> requirements,
    ClaimsPrincipal user,
    object resource) {

    //... omitted for brevity
}

Source
Simple isolated unit test that verifies the expected behavior of DocumentAuthorizationHandler.
public async Task DocumentAuthorizationHandler_Should_Succeed() {
    //Arrange
    var requirements = new [] { new SameAuthorRequirement()};
    var author = "author";
    var user = new ClaimsPrincipal(
                new ClaimsIdentity(
                    new Claim[] {
                        new Claim(ClaimsIdentity.DefaultNameClaimType, author),
                    },
                    "Basic")
                );
    var resource = new Document {
        Author = author
    };
    var context = new AuthorizationHandlerContext(requirements, user, resource);
    var subject = new DocumentAuthorizationHandler();

    //Act
    await subject.HandleAsync(context);

    //Assert
    context.HasSucceeded.Should().BeTrue(); //FluentAssertions
}

A: I do not know the cleanliness of this but I combined https://stackoverflow.com/a/49945492/11305428 and https://stackoverflow.com/a/53885374 to test resource handlers with own DI.
Rough code to pass my fake services and InMemoryDatabase to DI. Might be helpful for someone as it's used in same structure as in the sample code (AuthorizeAsync method).
[Theory]
[InlineData("8d8312c6-36e4-4702-b88a-ff136b80fe0e", false)]
[InlineData("17d42380-ca72-438c-a553-48f0cd80054b", false)]
[InlineData("e036c64d-4e95-4eef-98a6-f7495db3088b", true)]
public async void Folder_Create(Guid folderId, bool expectedAuthorizationResult)
{
    // Arrange
    var folderService = new FolderService(
        this.dbContext,
        this.reportingContext);

    var folder = folderService.GetFolder(folderId);

    var authorizationService = BuildAuthorizationService(services =>
    {
        services.AddTransient<IAuthorizationHandler>(x =>
            ActivatorUtilities.CreateInstance<FolderAuthorizationCrudHandler>(x,
                new object[] { folderService, this.reportingContext })); // constructor
    });

    //Act
    var authorizationResult = await authorizationService.AuthorizeAsync(this.User, folder, CrudOperations.Create);

    //Assert
    Assert.Equal(expectedAuthorizationResult, authorizationResult.Succeeded);
}

private static IAuthorizationService BuildAuthorizationService(
    Action<IServiceCollection> setupServices = null)
{
    var services = new ServiceCollection();
    services.AddAuthorization();
    services.AddOptions();
    services.AddLogging();
    setupServices?.Invoke(services);
    return services.BuildServiceProvider().GetRequiredService<IAuthorizationService>();
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Kim Porter
Kim Porter began her career as a writer and an editor focusing on personal finance in 2010. Since then, her work has been published everywhere from Fortune to U.S. News & World Report, NextAdvisor, Credit Karma, Bankrate, and more. Porter was the chief copy editor at Bankrate from 2010 to 2013 and a co-author of the e-book "Future Millionaires' Guidebook." This proud Texas native was raised in Fort Myers, Florida, and received a bachelor's degree in journalism and Asian studies from the University of Florida.
@KimSavesMoneyKim Porter
BankingStruggling with overspending? The envelope budgeting method could help
BYKim Porter
BankingHow to start an emergency fund so you're prepared for life's curveballs
BankingHigh-yield savings accounts help your money grow at a faster rate


Sure, you could always buy a put option if you're looking to bet bearishly. However, depending on your outlook, you could just as easily play your pessimistic expectations by implementing a short call spread. To learn which approach is best for you, bone up on the ins and outs of these bearish plays.


text:
Mexico On My Mind
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Perfect Climate, Colorful History and Silver
are a Few Reasons for Cuernavaca
Average Lifestyle Rating: B (range C to A)
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Situated in the central part of Mexico, Cuernavaca is the capital city of the state of Morelos. Fifty-three miles south of Mexico City, and almost directly west of Veracruz, Cuernavaca sits in the center of the Mexican portion of the Central American isthmus. It is a charming colonial town with a mild tropical climate and mountain surroundings. Situated at an elevation of around 5,000 feet, Cuernavaca was dubbed, "the city of eternal spring" in the nineteenth century because of the year-round pleasant weather. It is located in a tropical region, but its temperature is consistently in the 70s°(F) because it is located on the southern slope of the Sierra de Chichinautzin mountains and in the mornings, warm air flows up the mountains from the valley below, while in the afternoons, cool air flows down from the higher elevations.
One of the most fascinating aspects to Cuernavaca is its colorful, romantic history. Maria Félix, a Mexican diva, had an opulent, cobalt-blue and papaya-colored villa on Avendia Palmira, along with five other houses. It is known as the Casa de las Tortugas (House of the Turtles). Before gambling was shut down in 1934, it was a getaway for such notable risk-takers as Rita Hayworth, Bugsy Siegel, and Al Capone. In 1956, Erich Fromm founded the Sociedad Mexicana de Psicoanálisis (Mexican Society of Psychoanalysis), and from his house in Cuernavaca, he promoted new ideas in the field of psychiatry. In the 1960s, it became a haven for the "hippie" counter-culture with none other than Timothy Leary experimenting with psychedelic mushrooms during his time spent in the area. The Casa de la Torre, originally part of the monastery of La Asunción, was purchased in 1960 by the US artist, Robert Brady, who transformed it into a home, as well as a private art and collectible museum. It contains a collection of art and crafts from around the world, including the original "Self-portrait with monkey" p ainted by Frida Kahlo. The Shah of Iran had a house here, as did the late sculptor, John Spencer, a relative of Princess Diana. Although a native of the U.S., the Bauhaus designer, Michael van Beuren, established his residence in a family hacienda in Cuernavaca when fleeing the rise of the Nazi regime in Germany. Barbara Hutton, Woolworth heiress, chose this place for its climate and "magnetism." Her residence was designed and built completely by Japanese artists and architects, and includes a replica of the Kyoto Kabuki Theater in Japan. Jacques Gelman, a Russian émigré, made his fortune as the producer of hit comedies by the legendary Mexican comic, Cantinflas, who appeared with David Niven and Shirley McLain in the 1950s film, Around the World in 80 Days. A good portion of the money that Gelman made went into the acquisition of art, including works by Rivera, Kahlo, David Alfaro Siqueiros, Francisco Toledo, Rufino Tamayo, Cisco Jimenez, Gerardo Suter, and Juan Soriano.
Within the municipality of Cuernavaca (the city and its colonias), there are several archaeological sites, and many 16-18th century colonial buildings which have been updated, refurbished and turned into hotels, museums, and various commercial businesses. In the heart of Cuernavaca lies the 36 meter high waterfall of the Salto de San Anton, a highly-regarded cenote grotto among nature-loving tourists. Cuernavaca is also one of the premier destinations to study Spanish in a native culture. It became popular with college students during the 1960s. Today, there are more than fifty Spanish Language schools in operation. The students can opt to live with a Mexican family, and/or may participate in internships, or volunteer at hospitals and other places for college credit.
Although not really a shopping mecca with Mexico City so close by, Cuernavaca does have three upscale, modern malls – Plaza Cinemex, Plaza Cuernavaca, Galerias Cuernavaca; Plaza el Pueblito, a mall designed to feel like shopping in a small town; several artisan markets – Artesanias Azahares, the Handicraft and Flea Market next to the Cuauhnahuac Museum and the bazaars of neighboring Tlayacapan and Tepoztlan. This area of Mexico is known for the hand-crafted silver jewelry created by local artisans, as well as unique ceramic and beeswax crafts. However, the most enduring handcraft of Cuernavaca is the huarache leather sandals. And, for those weekly household shopping needs, Walmart, Sam's Club, Liverpool, Sears, Costco and Sanborn outlets will more than adequately cover them.
Cuernavaca has four general hospitals, Hospital Bellavista de Cuernavaca, Hospital Morelos, Sanatorium Henri Dunant, and Hidalgo Sanatorium, and one maternity hospital, Maternidad Santa Maria. Outpatient and specialty clinics can be found all over the city staffed by a wide network of physicians, including clinics which cater to medical and cosmetic tourism. Quality medical attention in Cuernavaca typically costs $40 to $70 per consultation. In nearby Mexico City, most medical consultation services are offered at $50 to $80.
Cuernavaca has an international airport, General Mariano Matamoros Airport (CVJ), located at the northwest corner of the municipal area. The airport, more commonly known as, Cuernavaca International Airport, is truly "international" and offers daily flights to/from 20 Mexican airports, all the major US hubs, and Toronto, Panama City, Bogotá, Paris, London, and Madrid.
Cuernavaca has state-of-the-art banking and ATM networks. Cable and satellite television companies offer many favorite American and Canadian channels. High-speed DSL, wireless and dial-up internet services are also available through the telephone, satellite and cable companies.
All-in-all, if what you'd like is near perfect weather all year long, with a varied blend of architectures, a rich colorful history, a beautiful mountain backdrop and a modern ambience without the attendant big-city hustle and bustle, then take a look at Cuernavaca. You may be just one of the many who have come to visit and stayed to live.
May 24, 2012 By Ron Burdine
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Ron is the consummate professional
Ron is the consummate professional and an incredible resource to have for all-things-Tulum and the surrounding areas. Ron's in-depth knowledge of, and caring ways for, this magnificent region of Mexico is second-to-none. If you're seeking vacation or travel advice for things such as lodging/hospitality/spa's, restaurants, shopping, beaches, sports/fitness, adventure day-trips to the nearby ruins/fishing/boating/diving/snorkeling/cenotes/zip-lining, 4-wheeling, etc., or need more in-dep… Read more
Michael SchmitAustin, TX
Ron Burdine made this whole move possible
Ron Burdine made this whole move from Philadelphia possible..their knowledge and organization skills (that I don't have) helped me create order out of my chaos..there are a million details that are just too much for one person to put in order. At least this one person. We followed Ron's suggestions and had the secure feeling that we were ready for anything, and we were.. we had insurance, directions, hints, tips and suggestions..we have been here (Isla Mujeres) for 6 weeks and Ron is still o… Read more
Bart Salop
Ron is one of the angels.
We can truthfully say that were it not for Ron's sage guidance and advice, we would not have made the decision to buy land and build a house in Mexico. We have not had a single regret. It is simply paradise. And Ron is one of the angels. Thomas M. Bayer, PhD. Laura D. Kelley, PhD. Tulane University New Orleans.
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I highly endorse working with Ron.
If you are visiting Tulum, I highly endorse working with Ron. As an Expat he understands the needs and desires of those traveling to the area for a vacation or looking to relocate to the area. You will be in great hands with Ron. Feel free to contact me to discuss Ron's merits further!
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Tucked away in valley of the Zillertal, Stumm represents the best qualities of a ski and recreational resort at the foot of the impressive mountain peaks. Everyone will find something for themselves – 145 kilometres of ski pistes that make part of the gorgeous Ski Optimal Hochfügen Hochzillertal area, as well as panoramic hiking trails attractive both in winter and summer. A lot more can make this wonderful village truly attractive – toboggan tracks, horse-drawn sleigh rides, trips by the mountain railway, just to name a few. The alpine pastures, lakes and summits reaching 3,000 metres of an altitude will encourage you to put on the hiking shoes and explore the scenic surroundings. Visit an open-air concert or a festival in the friendly Stumm and round the evening off with a delicious meal in one of the cosy restaurants and cheerful pubs.


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'I passed my goal a long time ago'
And welcome back to my blog and a new week. I hope you've all had an amazing weekend and that you're doing well.
Today, I've got to share something very very special with you, guys. Something I haven't really discussed with you in the past. I'm of course talking about the interview I did with the one and only Lewis Capaldi. And yes, I really mean THE Lewis Capaldi. The Scottish dude who's currently at number 1 with his debut album and who recently sold out his tour in the UK within a few minutes. That guy, yes.
Some of you might remember that I briefly mentioned going to his concerts in Brighton and London and meeting him in the past (here's the link if you want to check that one out), but I've never really talked about the interview itself. Which, in all honesty, I don't even want to do, because it doesn't feel right in any way. The opposite of professional, actually. But now that some time has passed, I thought it would be nice to finally share the finished piece I wrote about the interview with you.
But before you jump right into it, I want to add one thing: The interview I did with Lewis was my very first big one with a musician and even though it's been about 8 months since I met him, I still can't wrap my head around it. It still feels like a dream. Because, I mean, it's Lewis freaking Capaldi. The guy I'm confidently calling the next Ed Sheeran. And I literally sat in a room with him, chatting for about 45 minutes, cracking jokes, the whole deal. Absolutely unbelievable. I'll never ever forget how nicely he and his whole team treated me. It was my first step into an industry I'm hoping to become a full member of in the future and they all treated me like I had been part of the team for years. I can't put my feeling of gratitude into words. I'll never ever forget that interview. Never.
So, and now that you know that, I'm proud to finally share my Q&A with Lewis with you. It was definitely one of the funniest, nicest and most interesting interviews I've ever done and if you haven't become a fan of this guy until now, you really need to ceck out his new album 'Divinely Uninspired to a Hellish Extent' and become one immediately. He really deserves all the attention he's been receiving and so much more. He's really a one-of-a-kind artist, especially once you get to see his Instagram and Twitter pages and experience his humour. And just so you've got an idea of what I mean – on his Wikipedia page it says that he plays 'sunglasses' for an instrument. Lewis, we all know you wrote that, just admit it. And, on another note, his twitter name is Lewis Crapaldi, because some hater called him that and he loved it so much, so he quickly turned it into his own joke. Yep, that's Lewis. You just gotta love him.
And now, without further ado, please enjoy the article down below. And, as always, please don't hesitate to leave your thoughts and comments down below. I'd love to know what you think. Until then I wish you all a fantastic week and, of course, thanks for reading. x
At the young age of twenty-two, Lewis Capaldi's career couldn't be more fairy-tale-like. Within less than two years the Scottish singer-songwriter went from singing in karaoke bars and self-releasing his heart-wrenching debut track 'Bruises' to supporting the likes of Sam Smith and Rag'n'Bone Man and selling out one tour after another.
I caught up with Lewis before his sold-out show at London's Shepherds Bush Empire to talk about his most recent experiences with success, staying true to himself in the age of social media and handling all the attention he's been receiving.
A few years ago, did you think you would end up where you are now?
No. I mean, I was kind of always doing this, but I didn't think I would be doing it to this level. I did think I would be playing music, but my goal was to play 350 capacity rooms around the UK and, if I was lucky, 100 capacity rooms in Europe. And not even to necessarily play my own songs. I just wanted to play music and be able to make money off it. And so far it's been very nice, but to be playing shows this size is a very weird thing. To have someone come to my room to ask me questions and write down what I'm saying so people can read it is a very weird thing. And having people outside in the queue know who I am is very weird. And it can all go away very fast. I'm not saying I would be okay with it, but if it did go away, I would still be playing music. I passed my goal a long time ago.
That must feel pretty amazing, right?
I'm pleased with it. But I'm sure we've all done amazing things, but have been too close to them to realize how amazing they are. That's when you need to take a step back and go 'oh, that is kind of amazing'. Sometimes I'm really bugged down about things going wrong. I think, as people, we are kind of drawn to focus on the things that go wrong rather than the things that go right.
Why did you start your career by releasing your music yourself?
Nobody wanted to sign me. *laughs* I'm joking. I just think the first thing you release should come from you. If you want your first piece to be exactly how you want it to be and how you see it, you should release it yourself.
Sounds like music means a lot to you…
I approach it as I approach everything else – I don't take it too seriously. If I'm having a shit time and I write a song about it, I'm able to work through it, but it's not like therapy. I don't agree with people who say it is. But being able to look at things from that angle and seeing they aren't necessarily as bad as they seem is good. Sometimes a good song comes from a bad thing. But I don't want to put too much weight on things, even with music. It feels more like an old, familiar friend.
Which part of being a musician do you enjoy the most and is there something you hate?
I love playing live, that's the main thing. That's where I came from, that's why I've done most of it. I've played live more than anything else. But I fucking hate being in the studio. It's the most boring fucking thing ever. And I don't know if that comes across in my music, but it's just so tedious. Not so much being there with a producer and coming up with ideas, that's fun. But the actual recording of the vocal is the fucking most boring fucking thing you'll ever do in your life. For me, I record music so I can go and play it live.
And what about interacting with your fans?
Again, this is a very weird job. So having lots of human interaction online and during the shows is very important to me. And I mean, how often are you sat in your room, just randomly scrolling through Facebook and Twitter, bored out of your fucking mind? And I can just go and talk to people. It makes me feel more normal about everything. Suddenly it isn't just a big, faceless crowd. And also, it can probably make someone's day, so if I can make someone feel good, that's just fucking sick.
Speaking of the internet – how do you stay true to yourself in the age of social media?
So many singers nowadays are very careful about what they do online. And I think, if you're not a horrible person, you don't really have to be careful. I was like this at the beginning, but I don't want to not be myself because of that. I think it's a hard thing to do for a lot of singers. But, again, this is a very weird job. The fact that so many people follow me on Instagram is a fucking weird thing. But you know what, it's not that weird if you just ignore the fact that it's weird. When I was growing up, I would have liked people to just be themselves as much as they can. That's why, in the past, I always used to say: 'if you don't like a chubby guy singing sad songs you've come to the wrong fucking place'.
Also published in: The Sun & Brighton Life Magazine
Author LauraPosted on 17. June 2019 17. June 2019 Categories Music, Personal SpaceTags art, bimm, brighton, Capaldi, concert, Divinely Uninspired To A Hellish Extent, featured, happiness, interview, journalism, lewis, lewis capaldi, lewis capaldi interview, life, lifestyle, live music, london, love, magazine, me, Music, music interview, music journalism, new album, personal, q&a, school, singer, travel, uni, work, writing
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Oppo R11 did not have a launch however the gossipy tidbits about Oppo R11s are on the web. It shows estimate AMOLED capacitive touchscreen. Oppo-R11s save a decent layer of screen security with Corning Gorilla Glass 5 and 16M hues. The phone has the measurement size of 1080 x 2160 pixels, 18:9 proportion (~402 ppi thickness) determination. Oppo-R11s go along double 20 MP + 16 MP, stage location self-adjust. Additionally, has a LED streak with awesome camera highlights, geo-labeling, touch center, confront recognition, HDR, scene.
Presently, discussing the details of the Oppo-R11, the cell phone has a 5.50-inch touchscreen show. With a determination of 1080 pixels by 1920 pixels. Other than the show, the cell phone is fueled by an Octa-center Snapdragon 660 processor. The cell phone additionally has 4GB of RAM to control the gadget. As far as the inside capacity. The Oppo R11 comprises of 64GB of interior stockpiling yet the capacity isn't expandable.
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I am a student of Mass Communication and Media. Writing is my hobby. I have a keen interest to observe the minor details around,feel them and give them a voice through my words.