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Demetrius III Eucaerus
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King of Syria
Demetrius III Theos
Demetrius III's portrait on the obverse of a tetradrachm
(Seleucid Empire)
96-87 BC
Antiochus VIII, Antiochus IX
Philip I, Antiochus XII
between 124 and 109 BC
after 87 BC
Seleucid
Antiochus VIII
Tryphaena
Demetrius III Theos Philopator Soter Philometor Euergetes Callinicus (Ancient Greek: ? ?, surnamed Eucaerus; between 124 and 109 BC - after 87 BC) was a Hellenistic Seleucid monarch who reigned as the King of Syria between 96 and 87 BC. He was a son of Antiochus VIII and, most likely, his Egyptian wife Tryphaena. Demetrius III's early life was spent in a period of civil war between his father and his uncle Antiochus IX, which ended with the assassination of Antiochus VIII in 96 BC. After the death of their father, Demetrius III took control of Damascus while his brother Seleucus VI prepared for war against Antiochus IX, who occupied the Syrian capital Antioch.
The civil war dragged on; Seleucus VI eliminated his uncle, whose heir Antiochus X counterattacked and drove Seleucus VI to his death. Then the twins Antiochus XI and Philip I, brothers of Demetrius III, attempted to avenge Seleucus VI; it ended with the death of Antiochus XI and the interference of Demetrius III on the side of Philip I in a war against Antiochus X that probably lasted until 88 BC. In 89 BC, Demetrius III invaded Judaea and crushed the forces of its king, Alexander Jannaeus; his near victory was cut short by the death of Antiochus X. Demetrius III rushed to Antioch before Philip I could take advantage of the power vacuum and strengthen his position relative to Demetrius III.
By 87 BC, Demetrius III had most of Syria under his authority. He attempted to appease the public by promoting the importance of the local Semitic gods, and he might have given Damascus the dynastic name Demetrias. By late 87 BC, Demetrius III attacked Philip I in the city of Beroea, where Philip I's allies called on the Parthians for help. The allied forces routed Demetrius III and besieged him in his camp; he was forced to surrender and spent the rest of his life in exile in Parthia. Philip I took Antioch, while Antiochus XII, another brother of Demetrius III, took Damascus.
Background, family and early life
Coin of Antiochus VIII, father of Demetrius III
The Seleucid Empire, based in Syria, disintegrated in the second century BC as a result of dynastic feuds and Egyptian interference.[1][2] A long civil war caused Syria to fragment as pretenders from the royal family fought for the throne.[3][4] This lasted until about 123 BC, when Antiochus VIII provided a degree of stability which lasted for a decade.[5] To maintain a degree of peace, Egypt and Syria attempted dynastic marriages,[6] which helped Egypt destabilise Syria by supporting one candidate to the throne over another.[3] In 124 BC, the Egyptian princess Tryphaena was married to Antiochus VIII.[7] Five sons were born to the couple: Seleucus VI, the twins Antiochus XI and Philip I, Demetrius III and Antiochus XII.[note 1][9]
In 113 BC, Antiochus VIII's half-brother Antiochus IX declared himself king; the siblings fought relentlessly for a decade and a half.[5] Antiochus IX killed Tryphaena in 109 BC.[10] Antiochus VIII was assassinated in 96 BC;[11] this date is deduced from the statement of the first century historian Josephus, who wrote that Antiochus VIII, who assumed the throne in 125 BC, ruled for twenty-nine years, and is corroborated by the third century historian Porphyry, who gave the Seleucid year (SE) 216 (97/96 BC) for Antiochus VIII's death.[note 2][13] Following the death of his brother, Antiochus IX took the Syrian capital, Antioch,[14] while Seleucus VI, established in Cilicia, prepared for war against his uncle.[15] In modern literature, Seleucus VI is considered the eldest son,[note 3][17] and Demetrius III is considered younger than Antiochus XI and Philip I.[18] However, almost nothing is known about the early life of Demetrius III, who might have been the eldest son himself.[17] According to Josephus, before assuming the throne, Demetrius III lived in the city of Knidos.[17]
Antiochus IX did not take Damascus following the death of his brother; he was probably focused on the threat of Seleucus VI and could not spare the resources for an occupation of Damascus. This eased Demetrius III's elevation to the throne; he took Damascus in 96 BC.[19] The earliest coins struck in the name of Demetrius were produced in Damascus in 216 SE (97/96 BC);[20] only one Damascene obverse die is known from 216 SE (97/96 BC), indicating that Demetrius's reign started late that year, giving him little time to produce more dies.[21] The only ancient works of literature dealing with Demetrius III's career are those of Josephus and the Pesher Nahum, a sectarian commentary on the Book of Nahum.[22] Historian Kay Ehling noted that Josephus's account is a condensed summary and that the actual course of events surrounding Demetrius III's seizure of power needs to be reconstructed.[23] Thus, interpreting the numismatic evidence is instrumental for the problematic chronological reconstruction of Demetrius III's reign.[24]
Name and royal titulary
Demetrius (translit. Demetrios) is a Greek name that means "belonging to Demeter", the Greek goddess of fertility.[25] Seleucid kings were mostly named Seleucus and Antiochus; "Demetrius" was used by the Antigonid dynasty of Macedonia as a royal name, and its use by the Seleucids, who had Antigonid descent, probably signified that they were heirs of the latter.[26]Hellenistic kings did not use regnal numbers, which is a modern practice; instead, they used epithets to distinguish themselves from similarly named monarchs.[27][28] Demetrius III's most used epithets are Theos (divine), Philopator (father loving) and Soter (saviour);[29] the aforementioned epithets appear together on all his Damascene and Antiochene coins.[30][31] In Cilicia, two epithets were used in conjunction: Philometor (mother-loving) and Euergetes (benefactor).[31] The coins from Seleucia Pieria bear three epithets together: the ones appearing on the coins of Cilicia, combined with the epithet Callinicus (nobly victorious).[32] Theos Philopator Soter served to emphasise Demetrius III's descent from the line of his grandfather Demetrius II who bore the epithet Theos; Soter was an epithet of Demetrius III's great-grandfather Demetrius I,[note 4] while Philopator represented his devotion to his deceased father Antiochus VIII.[34] With Philometor, Demetrius III probably sought to emphasise his Ptolemaic royal Egyptian descent through his mother Tryphaena.[35]
Eucaerus is a popular nickname used by the majority of modern historians to denote Demetrius III, but it is a mistranscription of the nickname given by Josephus in his works The Jewish War and Antiquities of the Jews. The earliest Greek manuscripts of Josephus's works contain the nickname Akairos in three places. Eucaerus appeared as a later development, and is attested in the Latin versions of the manuscripts.[note 5][38] It was probably a copyist, thinking that Akairos was a mistake and trying to correct it, that led to the appearance of Eucaerus.[37] Eucaerus translates to "well-timed", while Akairos means "the untimely one".[39] Josephus did not explain the origin of Akairos.[40] Such popular nicknames are never found on coins, but are handed down only through ancient literature;[41] neither Eucaerus or Akairos was used by Demetrius III on his coinage.[42] Josephus is the only source for the nickname; in the view of historians David Levenson and Thomas Martin, Eucaerus should not be used to refer to Demetrius; instead, Akairos, or one of his official epithets should be used.[38]
Manner of succession
According to Josephus, Tryphaena's brother Ptolemy IX of Egypt installed Demetrius III in Damascus following the death of Antiochus XI Epiphanes in 93 BC; this statement cannot be correct as the date given by Josephus contradicts the numismatic evidence from Damascus.[20] Despite the chronological error, several arguments justify the theory of a collaboration between Ptolemy IX and Demetrius III;[43] according to Ehling, the assumption of the epithet Philometor (mother loving) was meant to highlight Demetrius III's relation to his uncle Ptolemy IX.[35] Two main reconstructions of Demetrius III's rise to power exist:
Demetrius III started his reign in Damascus: the numismatist Oliver Hoover viewed the ascendance of Demetrius III in the context of the war of sceptres, a military conflict between Ptolemy IX and his mother Cleopatra III, who was allied with Alexander Jannaeus of Judaea. This war took place in Coele-Syria and ended in 101 BC; Ptolemy IX was defeated and retreated to Cyprus. However, Hoover noted that Josephus synchronised the retreat of Ptolemy IX with the death of Antiochus VIII in 97/96 BC; such a synchronisation is perceived as imprecise by many scholars, but Hoover suggested that Josephus consciously associated the two events. According to Hoover, Josephus's account regarding Ptolemy IX's installation of Demetrius III in Damascus indicates that the Egyptian monarch did not evacuate Syria after the conclusion of his war with Cleopatra III, or that he perhaps invaded a second time to help Demetrius III following the death of his father. Ptolemy IX probably hoped to use his nephew as an agent in the region; if Demetrius III was installed by his uncle in Damascus in 216 SE (97/96 BC), then Josephus's synchronisation between Ptolemy IX's departure and the death of Antiochus VIII is correct.[44]
Coin of Demetrius III from Seleucia Pieria
Damascene coin of Demetrius III. Atargatis depicted on the reverse
Demetrius III took Antioch before Damascus: Ehling proposed a different reconstruction of events; he contested the dating of Antiochus VIII's death to 96 BC based on Demetrius III's earliest dated coins and argued in favour of 215 SE (98/97 BC) for the former's death and the latter's succession.[30] Ehling's argument agrees with the view of the numismatist Arthur Houghton,[13] who noted that the volume of coins minted by Seleucus VI, the immediate successor of Antiochus VIII, before his takeover of Antioch in 95 BC, surpassed any other mint known from the late Seleucid period.[45] This led Houghton to suggest 98 or 97 BC instead of 96 BC for the death of Antiochus VIII as one year was not enough for Seleucus VI to produce his coins.[46] Hoover rejected the new dating, noting that it was not rare for a king to double his production in a single year during military campaigns, which was the case for Seleucus VI, who was preparing for war against his uncle Antiochus IX.[47] The academic consensus prefers 96 BC for the death of Antiochus VIII.[48]
Ehling's construction of Demetrius III's early reign has Demetrius III declaring himself king immediately after the death of his father[17] with the help of Ptolemy IX, who, in the view of Ehling, probably supported his nephew with money, troops and ships.[23] Demetrius III landed in Seleucia Pieria, whose inhabitants were known for being Ptolemaic sympathisers, and was crowned king.[35][49] Demetrius III next took Antioch and spent a few weeks in the city before the arrival of Antiochus IX.[17] Demetrius III then marched on Damascus and made it his capital in 97 BC.[35] Ehling's argument is based on coins bearing the epithets Philometor Euergetes, which were attributed by some numismatists to Antioch,[50] but are likely Cilician.[note 6][51] Since all the Damascene coins of Demetrius, which ceased production when the monarch lost his throne, carried dates from 216 SE (97/96 BC) to 225 SE (88/87 BC), and the coins bearing the epithets Philometor Euregetes from Antioch bear no dates, then it is logical, in the view of Ehling, to assume that the Antiochene issues preceded the Damascene one.[52] Ehling explained the change of royal titulary from Philometor Euergetes Callinicus in the north to Theos Philopator Soter in Damascus as a sign of a break between Demetrius III and Ptolemy IX; the Syrian king cast aside the epithet Philometor, which emphasised his mother's Ptolemaic ancestry, and instead invoked his father's heritage by assuming the epithet Philopator.[35] On the other hand, the majority of numismatists date Demetrius III's Antiochene coins to the year 225 SE (88/87 BC).[53][54]
Coin from Demetrias
Demetrius III wearing the radiate crown
Demetrius III seems to have been content with leaving the struggle against Antiochus IX and his heirs to his many brothers; he took advantage of the chaos in the north to consolidate his authority in Damascus.[55] Drawing his legitimacy from his father, he appeared on his coinage with an exaggerated hawked nose in the likeness of Antiochus VIII.[56] Coins from a city named Demetrias, bearing on their reverse a portrait of the Tyche of Damascus, are evidence that Demetrius III might have refounded Damascus and given it the dynastic name Demetrias.[note 7][59][60] Damascene coins mention the city as "holy"; it must have been a privilege bestowed upon it by Demetrius III who possibly also conferred the right of asylum on his capital.[35]
Seleucid kings mostly depicted Greek gods on their coinage,[61] but Demetrius III ruled a contracted realm, where the local cults gained more importance as the Seleucids no longer ruled a heterogeneous kingdom.[62] Local cults came under royal patronage as Seleucid kings attempted to gain the support of their non-Greek subjects.[63] On his royal silver coins from Damascus, the supreme Semitic goddess Atargatis appeared on the reverse,[64] while municipal coins continued to use the portraits of traditional Greek deities.[65] The radiate crown, a sign of divinity,[66] was employed by Demetrius III on some of his coins; this can be an indication that he ritually married Atargatis.[note 8][67] Marrying the supreme goddess indicated that the king considered himself the manifestation of Syria's supreme god and Atargatis' partner, Hadad.[66] The practise was started at an unknown date by Antiochus IV (died 164 BC), the first king to employ the radiate crown, who chose Hierapolis-Bambyce, Atargatis's most important sanctuary, to ritually marry Diana, the manifestation of Atargatis in Syria.[68]
As was typical for a Seleucid king, Demetrius III aimed to acquire as much territory as possible and sought to expand his domains in Syria.[69] The city of Gadara was conquered by Alexander Jannaeus in 100 BC,[70] but the city freed itself and reverted to the Seleucids after the defeat of the Judaean king at the hands of the Nabataeans,[71] an event that happened in 93 BC at the latest.[note 9][72] Gadara was of great strategic importance for Demetrius III as a major military hub for operations in the south; controlling it was vital to the war effort against the Judaeans.[73]
The struggle against Antiochus X
Divided Syria c. 92 BC
In 95 BC, Seleucus VI entered Antioch after defeating and killing Antiochus IX,[74] whose son Antiochus X fled to Aradus and declared himself king.[75] In 94 BC, Seleucus VI was driven out of the capital by Antiochus X;[48] the former escaped to the Cilician city of Mopsuestia where he perished during a local uprising.[76][77] Antiochus XI and Philip I avenged Seleucus VI,[78] and Antiochus XI drove Antiochus X out of the capital in 93 BC.[79][78] Antiochus X was able to regain the city and kill Antiochus XI the same year.[23] In the spring of 93 BC, Demetrius III marched in support of his brother Philip I;[80][75] Demetrius III might have marched north earlier to support Antiochus XI in his final battle.[81]
According to Josephus, Demetrius III and Philip I waged a fierce war against Antiochus X;[75] the language of Josephus indicates that Antiochus X was in a defensive position rather than planning massive campaigns against his cousins.[82] In 220 SE (93/92 BC), no coins were produced for Demetrius III in Damascus; this could mean that he lost control over the city.[83] It is possible that either the Judaeans or the Nabataeans took advantage of Demetrius III's departure to help his brother and occupied the city;[81] the King regained Damascus in 221 SE (92/91 BC).[note 10][84] Antiochus X's date of death is unknown; traditional scholarship, with no evidence, gives the year 92 BC,[83] then has Demetrius taking control of Antioch and ruling it for five years until his downfall in 87 BC.[82] Those traditional dates are hard to justify; using a methodology based on estimating the annual die usage average rate (the Esty formula), Hoover proposed the year 224 SE (89/88 BC) for the end of Antiochus X's reign.[note 11][86] It is estimated that only one to three dies were used by Demetrius III for his Antiochene coins, a number too small to justify a five-year-long reign in Antioch;[82] no literary sources specify the year 92 BC as the date of Demetrius III's occupation of Antioch,[86] and none of his Antiochene coins bear a date.[87]
Judaean campaign
Following the defeat of Alexander Jannaeus at the hands of the Nabataeans, Judaea was caught in a civil war[72] between the king and a religious group called the Pharisees.[88] According to Josephus, Alexander Jannaeus' opponents persuaded Demetrius III to invade Judaea as it would be conquered easily owing to the civil war.[89] Josephus gave two accounts regarding the numerical strength of Demetrius III; in Antiquities of the Jews, the Syrian king had 3,000 cavalry and 40,000 infantry. In the Jewish War, Demetrius III commanded 3,000 cavalry and 14,000 infantry. The latter number is more logical; the number given in Antiquities of the Jews could be an error by a copyist.[90]
The date of the campaign is unclear in Josephus's account.[91] 88 BC is traditionally considered the date of Demetrius III's Judaean campaign, but numismatic evidence shows that coin production increased massively in Damascus in 222 SE (91/90 BC) and 223 SE (90/89 BC).[note 12] This increase indicates that Demetrius was securing the necessary funds for his campaign, making 89 BC more likely as the date of the invasion.[note 13][91] The political situation in Syria in 89 BC helped Demetrius III initiate his invasion of Judaea; Antiochus X was in Antioch while Damascus was firmly in the hands of Demetrius III and there is no indication of a war with his brother Philip I.[note 14][94][95]
The motives of Demetrius III are not specified in Josephus's account;[90] the historian gives the impression that Demetrius III helped the Pharisees free of charge, which is hard to accept. The Syrian king's help must have been conditioned on political concessions by the Jewish rebels.[90] Evidence for Demetrius III's motives is provided by the Pesher Nahum,[96] which reads: [Interpreted, this concerns Deme]trius king of Greece who sought, on the counsel of those who seek smooth things, to enter Jerusalem;[97] the academic consensus identifies "Demetrius king of Greece" with Demetrius III.[note 15][43] The motive leading Demetrius III to attack Judaea might not have had anything to do with the call of the Pharisees. If Alexander Jannaeus took advantage of Demetrius's absence in 93 BC to wrest control of Damascus, then the invasion was probably in retribution against Judaea.[89] It is also possible that Demetrius wanted to take advantage of Judaea's human resources in the struggle against his rivals to the Syrian throne. Finally, the Syrian kings, including Demetrius III's father, never fully accepted the independence of Judaea and entertained plans to reconquer it; the campaign of Demetrius III can be seen in this context.[100]
Demetrius III was the first Seleucid king to set foot in Judaea since Antiochus VII (died 129 BC);[88] according to Josephus, the Syrian king came with his army to the vicinity of Shechem (near Nablus), which he chose as the site for his camp.[note 16] Alexander Jannaeus marched to meet his enemy; Demetrius III tried to persuade Alexander Jannaeus's mercenaries to defect as they were Greeks like him, but the troops did not answer his call. Following this failed attempt, the two kings engaged in battle; Demetrius III lost many troops but decimated Alexander Jannaeus's mercenaries and gained victory.[75] The Judaean king fled to the nearby mountains and according to Josephus, when the 6,000 Judaean rebels in Demetrius III's ranks saw this, they felt pity for their king and deserted Demetrius to join Alexander Jannaeus. At this point, Demetrius III withdrew back to Syria.[102]
The account of Josephus indicates that Demetrius III ended his Judaean campaign because his Jewish allies deserted him, but this is hard to accept; Josephus probably inflated the numbers of Judaeans in the Syrian army, and Demetrius III still had enough soldiers to wage wars in Syria after he departed Judaea. It is more likely that events in Syria forced Demetrius III to conclude his invasion of Judaea.[103] Probably in 88 BC, Antiochus X died while fighting the Parthians, and this must have forced Demetrius III to rush north and fill the power vacuum before Philip I.[103][104] Demetrius III may have feared that his brother would turn on him and try to take Damascus for himself; if it was not for the death of Antiochus X, Demetrius III would probably have conquered Judaea.[103]
Height of power and defeat
Coin of Demetrius III from Antioch with the epithets Theos Philopator Soter. Zeus depicted on the reverse
According to Josephus, following the conclusion of his Judaean campaign, Demetrius III marched on Philip I.[89] During this conflict, which is datable to 225 SE (88/87 BC), soldiers from Antioch were mentioned for the first time in the ranks of Demetrius III, indicating that he took control of the Syrian capital in this year.[note 17][95] No bronze coinage was minted in the name of Demetrius III in Antioch as the city began issuing its own civic bronze coins in 221 SE (92/91 BC); Demetrius III issued silver coins in the Syrian capital as silver coinage remained a royal prerogative.[note 18][83][107] Most of the kingdom came under the authority of Demetrius III; his coins were minted in Antioch, Damascus, Seleucia Pieria and Tarsus.[note 19][43]
According to Josephus, Demetrius III attacked his brother in Beroea with an army of 10,000 infantry and 1,000 cavalry.[103] Philip I's ally, Straton, the tyrant of the city, called on Aziz, an Arab phylarch (tribal leader), and the Parthian governor Mithridates Sinaces for help;[109] the allies' archery drove Demetrius III to take cover in his camp, where he was besieged and eventually surrendered after thirst took its toll on his men.[note 20][102]
The year of Demetrius III's defeat is most likely 87 BC; the date of Demetrius III's last coin from Damascus is 225 SE (88/87 BC).[105] According to Josephus, Demetrius III was captured and sent to Parthia, where he was treated by the Parthian king with "great honour" until he died of illness. Josephus wrote that the Parthian king was named Mithradates,[102] likely Mithridates III.[111][112] Demetrius III was probably childless;[113] in Damascus, he was succeeded by Antiochus XII, whose first coin was minted in 226 SE (87/86 BC), indicating an immediate succession.[114] Philip I released any captive who was a citizen of Antioch, a step that must have eased his entry into Antioch, which took place soon after the capture of Demetrius III.[109]
Family tree of Demetrius III
Seleucus IV[i] Laodice IV[i][ii] Ptolemy V[iii] Cleopatra I[iii]
Demetrius I[ii] Laodice V[ii] Ptolemy VI[iv] Cleopatra II[iv]
Demetrius II[v] Cleopatra Thea[vi] Cleopatra III[vii] Ptolemy VIII[vii]
Antiochus VIII[viii] Tryphaena[viii]
^ a b Hoover 2000, p. 107
^ a b c Hoover 2000, p. 108
^ a b Ogden 1999, p. 82
^ Wright 2012, p. iii
^ Ogden 1999, p. 149
^ a b Ogden 1999, p. 153
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^ Ancient sources do not mention the name of Demetrius III's mother, but it is generally assumed by modern scholars that she was Tryphaena, who was mentioned explicitly by Porphyry as the mother of Demetrius III's siblings Antiochus XI and Philip I.[8]
^ Some dates in the article are given according to the Seleucid era which is indicated when two years have a slash separating them. Each Seleucid year started in the late autumn of a Gregorian year; thus, a Seleucid year overlaps two Gregorian ones.[12]
^ It was customary to name the eldest son after the dynasty's founder Seleucus I, while a younger son would be named Antiochus.[16]
^ It is also possible that Demetrius III was claiming to be the saviour of Damascus, protecting it from the Judaeans, Nabataeans and the Itureans.[33]
^ Eucaerus also appears in the tables of contents written in the sixth century for the older Greek manuscripts. Those tables are actually summaries of the main text;[36] they sometimes contain discrepancies with the main work.[37]
^ The coins Ehling agreed to their Antiochene origin are: a coin with the number 390 in the CSE (Coins of the Seleucid Empire in the Collection of Arthur Houghton) and the number 434 in the SMA (The Seleucid Mint of Antioch)-plus a bronze coin coded CSE 391.[50] The numismatists Houghton, Catherine Lorber and Hoover attributed CSE 390 (SMA 434) to Tarsus,[31] and CSE 391 to Seleucia Pieria; the latter probably had the epithet Callinicus inscribed but some letters are missing due to damage.[33]
^ It is not certain that the founder was Demetrius III; it could have been Demetrius II or Antiochus VIII.[57] The historian Alfred Bellinger rejected the identification of a king's portrait on one of Demetrias' coins with Demetrius III or that he refounded it.[58]
^ Historian Nicholas L. Wright proposed the hypothesis regarding the connection between the Seleucid radiate crowns and Atargatis. He considered it likely, but difficult to prove, that a radiate crown indicates a ritual marriage between the goddess and a king.[66]
^ The Nabataean king Obodas I defeated the Judaeans at some point before 93 BC; this is deduced from the account of Josephus, who stated that following the defeat, Alexander Jannaeus was caught in a civil war that lasted for six years. Since this war ended only with the intervention of Demetrius III, who lost his throne in 87 BC, then the year 93 BC is the terminus ante quem for the defeat.[72]
^ According to Hoover, the account of Josephus regarding the installation of Demetrius III in Damascus by Ptolemy IX following the death of Antiochus XI might actually be a conflation of two actions by the Egyptian king; an initial support in 216 SE (97/96 BC), and a second one in 221 SE (92/91 BC).[81]
^ The Esty formula was developed by the mathematician Warren W. Esty; it is a mathematical formula that can calculate the relative number of obverse dies used to produce a certain coin series. The calculation can be used to measure the coin production of a certain king and thus estimate the length of his reign.[85]
^ Hoover considered the apparent increase a result of a poor sample coverage, and thus not an actual evidence for an increase in production.[92]
^ Coins of Demetrius made of lead, were probably minted during the preparations for the campaign; it is possible that Demetrius III did not have sufficient bronze to mint.[93]
^ Historian Edward D?browa preferred the traditional dating; in 88 BC Demetrius III was in control of most of Syria following the death of Antiochus X and had Philip I as his only rival, making him an attractive choice for the Pharisees.[43]
^ The historian Isaac Rabinowitz rejected this identification and preferred Demetrius I.[98] The arguments of Rabinowitz were rejected by the historian Hanan Eshel, who noted that Demetrius I controlled Jerusalem, and did not need to seek its entry.[99]
^ An interesting find from Khirbat Burna?, near modern Asira ash-Shamaliya, just north of Nablus, is a coin of Demetrius, which are rarely found in Palestine, most of them in the north. The coin from Khirbat Burna? is the only specimen found that far south.[101]
^ Ehling considered it possible that the coins from Antioch with the epithets Theos Philopator Soter date to 225 SE (88/87 BC).[105]
^ The numismatist Edward Theodore Newell used the traditional date 92 BC for the death of Antiochus X and the start of Demetrius III's reign in Antioch;[83] he believed that Demetrius III tried to gain Antioch's loyalty by allowing it to mint its own civic bronze coins.[106]
^ The numismatist Joseph Hilarius Eckhel attributed a coin from Sidon to Demetrius III; in fact, this piece belongs to Demetrius II.[108]
^ This account is probably taken from Strabo, who in turn might have counted on the work of Posidonius.[110]
^ Marciak 2017, p. 8.
^ Goodman 2005, p. 37.
^ a b Kelly 2016, p. 82.
^ Wright 2005, p. 76.
^ a b Kosmin 2014, p. 23.
^ Tinsley 2006, p. 179.
^ Otto & Bengtson 1938, pp. 103, 104.
^ Bennett 2002, p. note 10.
^ Ogden 1999, p. 153.
^ Grainger 1997, p. 32.
^ Biers 1992, p. 13.
^ a b Ehling 2008, p. 231.
^ Dumitru 2016, p. 261.
^ Taylor 2013, p. 9.
^ a b c d e Ehling 2008, p. 234.
^ Houghton 1987, p. 81.
^ Houghton & Müseler 1990, p. 61.
^ a b Atkinson 2016a, p. 10.
^ Hoover, Houghton & Veselý 2008, p. 204.
^ Levenson & Martin 2009, p. 311.
^ a b c Ehling 2008, p. 239.
^ Hoschander 1915, p. 651.
^ Bevan 2014, p. 56.
^ McGing 2010, p. 247.
^ Hallo 1996, p. 142.
^ Burgess 2004, p. 23.
^ a b c Houghton, Lorber & Hoover 2008, p. 587.
^ Houghton, Lorber & Hoover 2008, p. 588.
^ a b Houghton, Lorber & Hoover 2008, p. 589.
^ a b c d e f Ehling 2008, p. 240.
^ a b Levenson & Martin 2009, p. 316.
^ Ehling 2008, p. 97.
^ a b c d D?browa 2011, p. 177.
^ Hoover 2006, p. 28.
^ Houghton 1989, pp. 97, 98.
^ Hoover 2007, p. 286.
^ a b Houghton 1989, p. 97.
^ Kosmin 2014, p. 133.
^ a b Ehling 2008, pp. 233.
^ Houghton, Lorber & Hoover 2008, pp. 587, 589.
^ Ehling 2008, pp. 232, 233.
^ Lorber & Iossif 2009, p. 103.
^ Newell 1939, pp. 82, 83.
^ Cohen 2006, pp. 244, 244.
^ Bellinger 1949, p. 78.
^ Rigsby 1996, p. 511.
^ Wright 2010, pp. 193, 199.
^ Wright 2010, p. 199.
^ a b c Wright 2005, p. 79.
^ Wright 2005, pp. 74,78.
^ Newell 1939, p. 86.
^ Fitzgerald 2004, p. 361.
^ a b c Bar-Kochva 1996, p. 138.
^ Mittmann 2006, pp. 28, 33.
^ Downey 2015, p. 133.
^ a b c d Josephus 1833, p. 421.
^ Bellinger 1949, pp. 73, 74.
^ Ehling 2008, p. 241.
^ a b c Hoover, Houghton & Veselý 2008, p. 214.
^ a b c Hoover 2007, p. 293.
^ a b c d Hoover 2007, p. 290.
^ Hoover 2007, pp. 282-284.
^ a b Hoover 2007, p. 294.
^ Schürer 1973, p. 135.
^ a b D?browa 2011, p. 175.
^ a b c Atkinson 2016b, p. 48.
^ a b c D?browa 2011, p. 176.
^ Hoover & Iossif 2009, p. 47.
^ Atkinson 2016b, p. 47.
^ a b Hoover 2007, pp. 294, 295.
^ D?browa 2011, pp. 177, 178.
^ VanderKam 2012, p. 110.
^ Rabinowitz 1978, p. 398.
^ Eshel 2008, p. 123.
^ D?browa 2011, p. 179.
^ Bijovsky 2012, p. 147.
^ a b c Josephus 1833, p. 422.
^ a b c d Atkinson 2016a, p. 14.
^ Newell 1917, p. 118.
^ a b Downey 2015, p. 135.
^ Retso 2003, p. 342.
^ Simonetta 2001, p. 79.
^ Assar 2006, p. 70.
Assar, Gholamreza F. (2006). A Revised Parthian Chronology of the Period 91-55 BC. Parthica. Incontri di Culture Nel Mondo Antico. 8: Papers Presented to David Sellwood. Istituti Editoriali e Poligrafici Internazionali. ISBN 978-8-881-47453-0. ISSN 1128-6342.
Atkinson, Kenneth (2016a). "Historical and Chronological Observations on Josephus's Account of Seleucid History in Antiquities 13.365-371: Its Importance for Understanding the Historical Development of the Hasmonean State". Scripta Judaica Cracoviensia. Uniwersytet Jagiello?ski. 14. ISSN 1733-5760.
Atkinson, Kenneth (2016b). "Understanding the Relationship Between the Apocalyptic Worldview and Jewish Sectarian Violence: The Case of the War Between Alexander Jannaeus and Demetrius III". In Grabbe, Lester L.; Boccaccini, Gabriele; Zurawski, Jason M. (eds.). The Seleucid and Hasmonean Periods and the Apocalyptic Worldview. The Library of Second Temple Studies. 88. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-0-567-66615-4.
Bar-Kochva, Bezalel (1996). Pseudo Hecataeus, "On the Jews": Legitimizing the Jewish Diaspora. Hellenistic Culture and Society. 21. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-26884-5.
Bellinger, Alfred R. (1949). "The End of the Seleucids". Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences. Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences. 38. OCLC 4520682.
Bennett, Christopher J. (2002). "Tryphaena". C. J. Bennett. The Egyptian Royal Genealogy Project hosted by the Tyndale House Website. Retrieved 2018.
Bevan, Edwyn (2014) [1927]. A History of Egypt under the Ptolemaic Dynasty. Routledge Revivals. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-68225-7.
Biers, William R. (1992). Art, Artefacts and Chronology in Classical Archaeology. Approaching the Ancient World. 2. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-06319-7.
Bijovsky, Gabriela (2012). "The Coins from Khirbat Burna? (Southwest)". 'Atiqot. Israel Antiquities Authority. 69. ISSN 0792-8424.
Burgess, Michael Roy (2004). "The Moon Is A Harsh Mistress- The Rise and Fall of Cleopatra II Selene, Seleukid Queen of Syria". The Celator. Kerry K. Wetterstrom. 18 (3). ISSN 1048-0986.
Cohen, Getzel M. (2006). The Hellenistic Settlements in Syria, the Red Sea Basin, and North Africa. Hellenistic Culture and Society. 46. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-93102-2.
D?browa, Edward (2011). Demetrius III in Judea. Electrum: Journal of Ancient History. 18. Instytut Historii. Uniwersytet Jagiello?ski (Department of Ancient History at the Jagiellonian University). ISBN 978-8-323-33053-0. ISSN 1897-3426.
Downey, Robert Emory Glanville (2015) [1961]. A History of Antioch in Syria from Seleucus to the Arab Conquest. Princeton University Pres. ISBN 978-1-400-87773-7.
Dumitru, Adrian (2016). "Kleopatra Selene: A Look at the Moon and Her Bright Side". In Co?kun, Altay; McAuley, Alex (eds.). Seleukid Royal Women: Creation, Representation and Distortion of Hellenistic Queenship in the Seleukid Empire. Historia - Einzelschriften. 240. Franz Steiner Verlag. ISBN 978-3-515-11295-6. ISSN 0071-7665.
Ehling, Kay (2008). Untersuchungen Zur Geschichte Der Späten Seleukiden (164-63 v. Chr.) Vom Tode Antiochos IV. Bis Zur Einrichtung Der Provinz Syria Unter Pompeius. Historia - Einzelschriften (in German). 196. Franz Steiner Verlag. ISBN 978-3-515-09035-3. ISSN 0071-7665.
Eshel, Hanan (2008). The Dead Sea Scrolls and the Hasmonean State. Studies in the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Literature. 9. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing and Yad Ben-Zvi Press. ISBN 978-0-802-86285-3.
Fitzgerald, John Thomas (2004). "Gadara: Philodemus' Native City". In Fitzgerald, John Thomas; Obbink, Dirk D.; Holland, Glenn Stanfield (eds.). Philodemus and the New Testament World. Supplements to Novum Testamentum. 111. Brill. ISBN 978-9-004-11460-9. ISSN 0167-9732.
Goodman, Martin (2005) [2002]. "Jews and Judaism in the Second Temple Period". In Goodman, Martin; Cohen, Jeremy; Sorkin, David Jan (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Jewish Studies. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-199-28032-2.
Grainger, John D. (1997). A Seleukid Prosopography and Gazetteer. Mnemosyne, Bibliotheca Classica Batava. Supplementum. 172. Brill. ISBN 978-9-004-10799-1. ISSN 0169-8958.
Hallo, William W. (1996). Origins. The Ancient Near Eastern Background of Some Modern Western Institutions. Studies in the History and Culture of the Ancient Near East. 6. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-10328-3. ISSN 0169-9024.
Hoover, Oliver D. (2000). "A Dedication to Aphrodite Epekoos for Demetrius I Soter and his Family". Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik. Dr. Rudolf Habelt GmbH. 131. ISSN 0084-5388.
Hoover, Oliver (2006). "A Late Hellenistic Lead Coinage from Gaza". Israel Numismatic Research. The Israel Numismatic Society. 1. ISSN 1565-8449.
Hoover, Oliver D. (2007). "A Revised Chronology for the Late Seleucids at Antioch (121/0-64 BC)". Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte. Franz Steiner Verlag. 56 (3). ISSN 0018-2311.
Hoover, Oliver D.; Houghton, Arthur; Veselý, Petr (2008). The Silver Mint of Damascus under Demetrius III and Antiochus XII (97/6 BC-83/2 BC). American Journal of Numismatics. second. 20. American Numismatic Society. ISBN 978-0-89722-305-8. ISSN 1053-8356.
Hoover, Oliver D.; Iossif, Panagiotis (2009). "A Lead Tetradrachm of Tyre from the Second Reign of Demetrius II". The Numismatic Chronicle. Royal Numismatic Society. 169. ISSN 0078-2696.
Hoover, Oliver D. (2011). "A Second Look at Production Quantification and Chronology in the Late Seleucid Period". In de Callataÿ, François (ed.). Time is Money? Quantifying Mmonetary Supplies in Greco-Roman Times. Pragmateiai. 19. Edipuglia. pp. 251-266. ISBN 978-8-872-28599-2. ISSN 2531-5390.
Hoschander, Jacob (1915). "Review: Recent Assyro-Babylonian Literature". The Jewish Quarterly Review. new series. University of Pennsylvania Press. 5 (4): 615-661. ISSN 0021-6682. JSTOR 1451298.
Houghton, Arthur (1987). "The Double Portrait Coins of Antiochus XI and Philip I: a Seleucid Mint at Beroea?". Schweizerische Numismatische Rundschau. Schweizerischen Numismatischen Gesellschaft. 66. ISSN 0035-4163.
Houghton, Arthur (1989). "The Royal Seleucid Mint of Seleucia on the Calycadnus". In Le Rider, Georges Charles; Jenkins, Kenneth; Waggoner, Nancy; Westermark, Ulla (eds.). Kraay-Mørkholm Essays. Numismatic Studies in Memory of C.M. Kraay and O. Mørkholm. Numismatica Lovaniensia. 10. Université Catholique de Louvain: Institut Supérieur d'Archéologie et d'Histoire de l'Art. Séminaire de Numismatique Marcel Hoc. OCLC 910216765.
Houghton, Arthur; Müseler, Wilhelm (1990). "The Reigns of Antiochus VIII and Antiochus IX at Damascus". Schweizer Münzblätter. Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Numismatik. 40 (159). ISSN 0016-5565.
Houghton, Arthur (1998). "The Struggle for the Seleucid Succession, 94-92 BC: a New Tetradrachm of Antiochus XI and Philip I of Antioch". Schweizerische Numismatische Rundschau. Schweizerischen Numismatischen Gesellschaft. 77. ISSN 0035-4163.
Houghton, Arthur; Lorber, Catherine; Hoover, Oliver D. (2008). Seleucid Coins, A Comprehensive Guide: Part 2, Seleucus IV through Antiochus XIII. 1. The American Numismatic Society. ISBN 978-0-980-23872-3.
Josephus (1833) [c. 94]. Burder, Samuel (ed.). The Genuine Works of Flavius Josephus, the Jewish Historian. Translated by Whiston, William. Kimber & Sharpless. OCLC 970897884.
Kelly, Douglas (2016). "Alexander II Zabinas (Reigned 128-122)". In Phang, Sara E.; Spence, Iain; Kelly, Douglas; Londey, Peter (eds.). Conflict in Ancient Greece and Rome: The Definitive Political, Social, and Military Encyclopedia: The Definitive Political, Social, and Military Encyclopedia (3 Vols.). I. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-610-69020-1.
Kosmin, Paul J. (2014). The Land of the Elephant Kings: Space, Territory, and Ideology in the Seleucid Empire. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-72882-0.
Levenson, David B.; Martin, Thomas R. (2009). "Akairos or Eukairos? The Nickname of the Seleucid King Demetrius III in the Transmission of the Texts of Josephus' War and Antiquities". Journal for the Study of Judaism. Brill. 40 (3). ISSN 0047-2212.
Lorber, Catharine C.; Iossif, Panagiotis (2009). "Seleucid Campaign Beards". L'Antiquité Classique. L'asbl L'Antiquité Classique. 78. ISSN 0770-2817.
Marciak, Micha? (2017). Sophene, Gordyene, and Adiabene. Three Regna Minora of Northern Mesopotamia Between East and West. Impact of Empire. 26. Brill. ISBN 978-9-004-35070-0. ISSN 1572-0500.
McGing, Brian C. (2010). Polybius' Histories. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-199-71867-2.
Mittmann, Siegfried (2006). "Die Hellenistische Mauerinschrift von Gadara (Umm Q?s) und die Seleukidisch Dynastische Toponymie Palästinas". Journal of Northwest Semitic Languages (in German). Department of Ancient Studies: Stellenbosch University. 32 (2). ISSN 0259-0131.
Newell, Edward Theodore (1917). "The Seleucid Mint of Antioch". American Journal of Numismatics. American Numismatic Society. 51. ISSN 2381-4594.
Newell, Edward Theodore (1939). Late Seleucid Mints in Ake-Ptolemais and Damascus. Numismatic Notes & Monographs. 84. American Numismatic Society. OCLC 2461409.
Ogden, Daniel (1999). Polygamy, Prostitutes and Death: The Hellenistic Dynasties. Duckworth with the Classical Press of Wales. ISBN 978-0-715-62930-7.
Otto, Walter Gustav Albrecht; Bengtson, Hermann (1938). Zur Geschichte des Niederganges des Ptolemäerreiches: ein Beitrag zur Regierungszeit des 8. und des 9. Ptolemäers. Abhandlungen (Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften. Philosophisch-Historische Klasse) (in German). 17. Verlag der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. OCLC 470076298.
Rabinowitz, Isaac (1978). "The Meaning of the Key ("Demetrius")-Passage of the Qumran Nahum-Pesher". Journal of the American Oriental Society. American Oriental Society. 98 (4). ISSN 0003-0279.
Retso, Jan (2003). The Arabs in Antiquity: Their History from the Assyrians to the Umayyads. RoutledgeCurzon. ISBN 978-1-136-87282-2.
Rigsby, Kent J. (1996). Asylia: Territorial Inviolability in the Hellenistic World. Hellenistic Culture and Society. 22. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-20098-2.
Schürer, Emil (1973) [1874]. Vermes, Geza; Millar, Fergus; Black, Matthew (eds.). The History of the Jewish People in the Age of Jesus Christ. I (2014 ed.). Bloomsbury T&T Clark. ISBN 978-1-472-55827-5.
Simonetta, Alberto M. (2001). "A Proposed Revision of the Attributions of the Parthian Coins Struck during the So-called 'Dark Age' and Its Historical Significance". East and West. Istituto Italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente (IsIAO). 51 (1/2). ISSN 0012-8376.
Taylor, Michael J. (2013). Antiochus the Great. Pen and Sword. ISBN 978-1-848-84463-6.
Tinsley, Barbara Sher (2006). Reconstructing Western Civilization: Irreverent Essays on Antiquity. Susquehanna University Press. ISBN 978-1-575-91095-6.
VanderKam, James C. (2012). The Dead Sea Scrolls and the Bible. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN 978-0-802-86679-0.
Wright, Nicholas L. (2005). "Seleucid Royal Cult, Indigenous Religious Traditions and Radiate Crowns: The Numismatic Evidence". Mediterranean Archaeology. Sydney University Press. 18. ISSN 1030-8482.
Wright, Nicholas L. (2010). "Non-Greek Religious Iconography on the Coinage of Seleucid Syria". Mediterranean Archaeology. Sydney University Press. 22/23. ISSN 1030-8482.
Wright, Nicholas L. (2011). "The Iconography of Succession Under the Late Seleukids". In Wright, Nicholas L. (ed.). Coins from Asia Minor and the East: Selections from the Colin E. Pitchfork Collection. The Numismatic Association of Australia. ISBN 978-0-646-55051-0.
Wright, Nicholas L. (2012). Divine Kings and Sacred Spaces: Power and Religion in Hellenistic Syria (301-64 BC). British Archaeological Reports (BAR) International Series. 2450. Archaeopress. ISBN 978-1-407-31054-1.
The biography of Demetrius III in the website of the numismatist Petr Veselý.
Seleucid dynasty
Born: Unknown Died: after 87 BC
Antiochus IX King of Syria
96–87 BC
with Antiochus IX (96-95 BC)
Seleucus VI (96-94 BC)
Antiochus X (95-88 BC)
Antiochus XI (94-93 BC)
Philip I (94-87 BC) Succeeded by
Demetrius_III_Eucaerus


We're focusing on improving your recreation registration. Please take a moment to fill out this short survey to let us know about your registration experience.
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Swimming is a great way to maintain lifelong fitness and wellness. Stay cool in the summer and keep active in the winter.
Arenas and outdoor rinks across the city offer skating opportunities and two ski hills offer ski and snowboard fun.
We offer quality, educational and welcoming programming during summer vacation, on March Break and after school.
A wide range of programs is offered for every age group including Youth Spaces, visual arts, music, dance, drama, crafts, and general interest workshops.
With over 40 fitness facilities and hundreds of classes across Toronto, the City makes it easy to get fit in your community.
Discover trails and green space threading throughout the city.
Explore the City's award-winning golf courses. Each offers a unique experience and benefits for players of every skill level, from clinics to Junior Camps and more!
Explore City parks and facilities to practice and challenge your skateboarding, BMX and mountain biking skills.
Parks, gardens and community centres around Toronto offer nature and eco programs and experiences for kids of all ages.


An exquisite farmhouse, sympathetically renovated and restored with high quality fittings, 5 bedrooms (2 with en-suites), large living space, recently constructed detached Annexe/Home Office, garden machinery store, attractive formal gardens and land. In all approximately 2.65 acres. A further 28 acres is available by separate negotiation.
Tiled floor and understairs storage cupboard.
Part-panelled with fitted shelving, brick inglenook-style fireplace with Clearview stove on raised stone hearth, store cupboard with window to side, radiator, wall light points and window to front.
Open fireplace with Antique French Stone surround, oak flooring, exposed ceiling timbers and stonework, central heating thermostat, two radiators, windows to front and French doors to side.
Full-height ceiling with exposed timbering, radiator, windows to front and side.
Shower cubicle with mains fitment, wash hand basin, WC, ladder-style radiator, window, slate wall tiles and flooring.
Exposed ceiling timbers, radiator and window to side.
Living Area - wooden metre squared tiled flooring throughout, Roundhouse bespoke fitted Kitchen/Breakfast Room in a contemporary-style with integrated units and a magnificent polished concrete work surface with 1 1/2 bowl sink unit, oak breakfast bar, large pantry-style unit, built-in electric double oven, microwave/combination grill, coffee machine, four-ring ceramic hob and extractor hood.
Roof window, door to front and bi-fold doors to patio.
Wash hand basin, WC, extractor fan and window.
Housing the oil-fired central heating boiler and hot water cylinder, storage units with stainless steel work surfaces and splashback, sink unit, built-in electric oven, four-ring electric hob, plumbing for washing machine and dishwasher, extractor fan, window and door to rear.
Radiator, window to front and door to Dressing Room with a range of built-in wardrobes, radiator and window to side, connecting door to lower landing, En-Suite Shower Room with double-width tiled cubicle, mains overhead and hand-held fitments, wash hand basin, WC, tiled floor, ladder-style radiator and hatch to roof space.
White suite with free-standing oval bath, wash hand basin, WC, shower cubicle with mains overhead and handheld fitments, tiling to floor and walls, ladder-style radiator, extractor fan, two windows and electric under-floor heating.
Radiator and windows to front and side.
The property is approached via a partly splayed entrance drive with brick pillars leading to a cobble-edged gravel driveway flanked by lime trees.
To the front of the property there is a lawned garden enclosed by beech and yew hedging with a mature laurel and walnut tree and brick boundary wall topped with iron fencing.
Tiled flooring, two radiators, bi-fold doors and surround sound system with ceiling/wall speakers.
Wash hand basin, WC, double shower cubicle with mains fitment and glass screen, extra fan and tubular radiator.
(now with bi-fold doors and currently used as a gymnasium).
Boiler Shed with light, power, smoke alarm and an adjoining Workshop.
The rear garden is landscaped and terraced with stone retaining walls, box hedging, lavender, apple/pear cordons, principally lawned with a large paved patio, vegetable/soft fruit garden and a ring fenced pasture paddock.
The whole extends to approximately 2.65 acres.
Adjoining the property and with separate roadside access is an area of pastureland which extends to approximately 28 acres. Divided into 3 paddocks, ring fenced and with a natural stream running through it. Surrounded by Haugh Woods (there is a public foothpath across the land to Haugh Woods), the land would be ideal for horses and is available for sale by separate negotiation, please note this land has been registered for the BPS (Basic Payment Scheme) and the entitlements will be transferred. The property is registered for subsidy and currently receives £3060.88 per annum.


ETX-102 is a network termination unit (NTU) owned and operated by the service provider and installed at the customer premises. The RAD ETX-102 serves as clear demarcation between the user and operator networks.
Providing monitoring and diagnostic as well as QoS capabilities, the RAD ETX-102 focuses on the service and allows the service provider to achieve end-to-end rather than edge-to-edge service control.
IP address, IP mask and default gateway can be automatically obtained using DHCP.
ETX-102 features an internal bridge, operating in the VLAN-aware and VLAN-unaware modes.
VLAN stacking can be used for traffic separation between different users or services, by defining a Service VLAN ID per customer or service. When VLAN stacking is used, a Service VLAN tag is added to the user traffic and removed from network traffic. Both Service VLAN ID and Service VLAN priority can be defined.
The RAD ETX-102 provides a user-configurable fault propagation mechanism. When a link failure is detected at the network port, ETX-102 optionally shuts down any of the user ports until the network link is restored.
Different levels of service require different QoS types to be provided end-to-end. QoS can be defined per subscriber as well as per service. QoS has two aspects: rate limitation and traffic prioritization.
Hierarchical rate limitation allows defining peak traffic rate per user, per service or per traffic aggregate. This allows the user to maximize bandwidth utilization.
In order to perform user traffic prioritization, ETX-102 supports up to four separate queues, which handle traffic with different service demands, such as real-time traffic, premium data or best-effort data. In case of congestion, the relevant service already receiving higher priority at the customer premises. Traffic can be classified dynamically and mapped to different priority queues according to VLAN priority, DSCP, or ToS. Appropriate QoS can be achieved without customer marking, by mapping different services and different user ports (port-based priority).
Remote inband management via user or network ports. Remote management is performed using Telnet, Web browser or RADview Lite, RAD's SNMP-based management system.
Management traffic can be separated from user data by creating a dedicated management VLAN.
Up to three different stations can manage ETX-102 simultaneously, enabling monitoring the network status from different locations.
ETX-102 is certified by Metro Ethernet Forum for EPL services (MEF 9).
networks is possible when the edge devices include tributary Ethernet ports (see Figure 1).
ETX-102 can be used for site-to-site connectivity (E-line), and for multiple site connectivity (E-LAN), depending on network topology.


No direct effect on fertility was shown, but the results of this initial study suggest that it warrants further investigation. Epidemiological studies have shown that NSAID exposure was associated with reduced testosterone and congenital malformations; another study showed a drop in a testosterone metabolite among men who were taking ibuprofen regularly.
The Danish research team warned: "Ibuprofen appears to be the preferred pharmaceutical analgesic for long-term chronic pain and arthritis". It didn't take long - just two weeks - for the drug to disrupt the hormonal balance and rate of testosterone production of these men.
We report a univocal depression of important aspects of testicular function, including testosterone production, after use of over-the-counter ibuprofen.
However, because the study is small, more research is needed to confirm the results. This condition is linked to a reduction in fertility.
'In the men, luteinizing hormone (LH) and ibuprofen plasma levels were positively correlated, and the testosterone/LH ratio decreased.
Clinically, this condition is called "compensated hypogonadism"-"hypogonadism" because the body probably isn't producing testosterone at the appropriate rate, and "compensated" because other hormones have kicked in and gotten testosterone levels to increase.
The research focused on men given 600mg of ibuprofen twice a day, which isn't the norm for the average bloke. He said that the safety of Ibuprofen has been proven by decades of study and real-world use. Some took 1,200 milligrams of ibuprofen daily, which is the maximum limit as directed, over a six-week period. The other half took a dummy (placebo) tablet.
In addition to limiting fertility, ibuprofen or NSAIDS, may increase the risk of heart attack or stroke.
The team of investigators from Denmark, France and China found that within two week these men had an elevated risk of compensated hypogonadism, "a condition prevalent among elderly men and associated with reproductive and physical disorders", researchers note.
To avoid these side-effects, doctors caution against taking Ibuprofen for more longer than ten days in a row, per the FDA's warning.
The new study is a continuation of research that first began with pregnant women, Jégou told CNN, in which the researchers examined the health effects when a mother-to-be took one of three mild pain relievers found in medicine chests around the globe: aspirin, acetaminophen (also known as paracetamol and sold under the brand name Tylenol) and ibuprofen.
He said all funds from the U.S. had been "properly audited" and that "services (were) rendered". It was not immediately clear why Trump opted to tweet on Pakistan.
Why Supreme Court canceled the Delhi high court order? "Consent between two adults has to be primary". The apex court has now made a decision to constitute a bench to review Section 377 .
The North Korean Olympic committee had missed the October 30 deadline to register their participation with the IOC. South Korean President Moon and U.S.
He stressed that people have the right to express their discontent with the authorities, but called for calm and restraint. The State Department issued a statement on Friday supporting the protests, referencing Mr Tillerson's earlier comments.
US officials had understood the South Korean military would be heavily committed to providing logistical support for the Games. South Korea's defence ministry has said it had yet to see any evidence of an imminent missile launch.
Longtime fans of Justin Timberlake were thrilled when he announced earlier this week that his fifth studio album, Man Of The Woods, would be released on February 2 , two days before he performs at the Super Bowl. "This is a song called Filthy by Justin Timberlake .


text:
Q: COMWrapper error in SSIS script task while converting an .xls document to CSV I hope someone can help me with my SSIS automation error. I created a package that downloads a file from a webportal. In second step of my package, i convert that .xls to .csv(there is a valid reason for this conversion as downloaded .xls file can't be opened by package). I use below code to convert my File to csv and works perfectly fine on my local machine. But when i deploy it on server. It throws below error message. The only thing i could think of is that when i run it on my local machine, when it converts the file to csv, a message box pops up on the screen saying "converting the file" and then "saving the file as .csv".
And server machine is having issues to deal with these message boxes ? Help will be appreciated.

#region Namespaces
using System;
using System.Data;
using Microsoft.SqlServer.Dts.Runtime;
using System.IO;
using System.Reflection;
using Excel = Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel;
using System.Net;
#endregion

    public void Main()
    {
        // TODO: Add your code here

        Excel.Application excelapp = new Excel.Application();
        Excel.Workbook Datasource = (Excel.Workbook)excelapp.Workbooks.Add(1);

        var DownloadPath = Dts.Variables["User::varDownloadPathNew"].Value.ToString();
        var ConvertedPath = Dts.Variables["User::varConvertedFileName"].Value.ToString();

        string FileName = DownloadPath;
        var format = Excel.XlFileFormat.xlCSV;

        Datasource = excelapp.Workbooks.Open(FileName, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value);

        Datasource.SaveAs(ConvertedPath, format, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, false, false, Excel.XlSaveAsAccessMode.xlNoChange,
        Excel.XlSaveConflictResolution.xlUserResolution, true,
        Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value);

        //Clean
        Datasource.Close(true);
        System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.FinalReleaseComObject(Datasource);

        excelapp.Quit();
        System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.FinalReleaseComObject(excelapp);

        Dts.TaskResult = (int)ScriptResults.Success;
    }

A: Managed to resolve the issue eventually. Ended up creating below two folders on C drive and then restarting the Server machine after that (Note,i installed MS office on server machine first).
C:\Windows\System32\config\systemprofile\Desktop
C:\Windows\SysWOW64\config\systemprofile\Desktop
This resolved the issue for me.
Thanks

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Every week grades K-5 come to Media for one hour. Half of the class will go to computer class first and the other to library and then switch after 30 minutes. 6th grade has 45 minute of computer class with opportunities to check out books near the end of class. Media Center is where students learn how to effectively use both the library system and come to learn how to use, create, and program a computer. There is so much to learn! Take a look below at what students will learn throughout their time at St. Charles.
The curriculum students use to form good typing habits is Type to Learn 4. This is a program that can be accessed both at school and at home with the account information provided during computer class. Each lesson focuses on one key for each hand such as the "u" and "r" keys. Once students have been introduced to the keys and use games to reinforce the skills, students will have the opportunity to complete a final challenge and move onto the next lesson. The program collects data on both the accuracy and WPM (Words Per Minute) which allows students to set goals for themselves.
Google Drive allows students to access Google applications such as Google Docs, Google Slides, Google Forms, and Google Sheets. These applications allow student to collaborate on documents and projects together simultaneously online.
Student will practice computational thinking skills while learning how to program applications using a block coding language. This will require collaboration and logic. We will use code.org to begin our coding journey. This online curriculum has a course designed specifically for each grade K-5 as well as accelerated courses for older students.
Just like children are taught by their parents to be good citizens in the world such as using good manners, crossing the street safely, etc. Parents as well as teachers must teach children how to become good digital citizens. According to Common Sense Media, digital citizenship is the ability "to make safe, smart, and ethical decisions online." Throughout the semester students will watch videos, participate in discussions, and create awareness for peers on how to be good digital citizens.


I've decided to set up a little aquarium in my baby's room.
I originally thought it was a ten gallon... but after calculating the dimensions, its actually a six gallon. I'm rather excited about the whole thing and have been trying to decide exactly what I want to do with it for about a month now.
While I was trying to decide where to put it and what I wanted to put in it, etc, I had it sitting on a little table in our living room, cycling and growing a nice bit of algae. The thing on top is a piece of parchment paper to prevent water droplets from getting all over a picture that was hanging directly above the tank.
I spent quite a bit of time trying to decide on sand or gravel... but the smallest bag of playsand that I could find was fifty pounds, and that's definitely overkill for such a small tank. So I went with gravel. I also moved the tank to my son's dresser. Its in dire need of a background. I'm considering doing a "moss curtain" background... once I get a light. Has anybody done one of those? I think they look good. I'll probably hang a piece of black construction paper behind that while I wait for the moss to grow in. But the entire background thing is still to be decided.
My tank is 16" long, and that piece of wood is 14" to 14.5" long.
I plan on making it a low light planted tank. I'm in the process of trying to find a light fixture that will work for it, and probably a top/hood of some sort, too.
Thoughts, comments, criticisms and ideas are needed, wanted and welcome!
Just a comment - consider using a planted substrate instead of plain gravel - it's quite important to have a rich substrate layer in low light/low tech tanks. Gives you much more leeway with managing nutrients for the plants.
Hard to say whether the driftwood would look okay, put it in and see. I tend to set up the rocks/wood before filling the tank, makes it much easier to play around. Can always jump start the cycle later since you already have an established tank.
Any ideas of what you want to put into it?
I was thinking I'd use fertilizer root tabs. But if a fertilized substrate or something is a better option, I suppose now is the perfect time to switch it out.
Aesthetically speaking, generally... are decorations that take up most of the length of the aquarium attractive? Good idea, though... I should have played around in there a minute before adding water. Good thing its a tiny tank... I can easily take the water back and play around with decor if I want.
I'm not quite sure what I want to do for stocking. I was thinking that I wanted to try breeding my mystery snails... but, after watching the three I have quite extensively... I'm pretty certain I only have males. That's when I decided I'd turn it into a real tank. Until this afternoon, I thought it was a ten gallon... So I was thinking about putting in a school of neon tetras. But since its smaller than that... I'm not entirely sure what to put in there. Maybe a betta or something. What kinds of fish are happy in this small of a tank?
I still need to find a light fixture, too. 10 watts should be good for a low light tank, right?
Would use both root tabs and fertilized substrate. I actually regret not using a fertilized substrate in my cube, it's really obvious when the root tabs run out. Also depends on the types of planted substrates and root tabs that you are using, Aquasoils release macronutrients as well as micronutrients while the most classic Eco-complete/Flourite are essentially only good for micronutrients. Seachem tabs are mainly micronutrients from what I see, people also use things like clay balls containing Osmocote for complete fertilization.
There are a few types of fish but most are delicate species, not easily obtainable (e.g. Dario dario, small rasboras) or require special care (e.g. bumblebee gobies), I don't know whether you want to go down that road. A betta or honey/pygmy gourami might be your best bet, possibly dwarf puffers but have not kept those.
Can't really suggest help for the light, should be able to find one with legs that you can sit ontop of the tank though? 9-11w should be fine, might be able to go as low as 7w. With the top, you can just get a piece of glass cut at a local glazier for a cover if there are ridges to sit it on.
I experimented with them and didn't like them at all. I doubt you can keep more than 1 in a 6 gallon since they're so mean. They also only eat live/frozen foods and require snails to be fed to them so they can trim their beaks. High maintenance!
possibly dwarf puffers but have not kept those.
I say get some shrimp and get a population going, once you get a a lot plop a betta in the tank.
Mmm... I'll have to take a look at some of those substrates. It is OK to put a layer of gravel on top, isn't it?
I'm not really looking for any high maintenance or specialized care fish. Those pygmy gourami are rather attractive. Could I have more than one in my tank? I'm also thinking about maybe doing some shrimp.
I like the glass idea. I'll call around tomorrow and see what I can find.
More like a few hours, boil it for 3 hours and it should be fine.
I've been soaking it in boiling water for most of today and the water is still pretty dark. Not as dark as it was... but a far cry from clear. It is mopani wood... I don't know if some kinds of wood leech tannins longer than others.
My mopani wood hasn't leeched anything really, I say put it in that tank, nothing it can hurt.


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Cloud boosts demand for datacentres in Poland and eastern Europe
The datacentre market in both central and eastern Europe and Poland has recorded double–digit growth
Krzysztof Polak
The datacentre market in both central and eastern Europe and Poland has recorded double–digit growth, but this does not reflect the economic situation in that region. The main reason for the growth is the increasing amount of data sent and collected via the internet, and unrelenting demand for online IT services.
PMR, a market research and consulting company active in more than 25 countries in central and eastern Europe, estimates that the combined value of the region's datacentre market was €627m in 2014, a rise of 13% on the figure for 2013. Although this was actually the lowest annual rise in the past five years, the market has maintained a double–digit growth rate for several years.
A negative impact on market dynamics over the past year has been the unstable situation in Ukraine. The first signs of stagnation have been seen in the colocation services segment, but the region's datacentre market continues to be driven by managed services, cloud, disaster recovery and server hosting.
Deutsche Telekom (DT) group, operating under the T–Mobile brand via its subsidiaries, has the largest share of the datacentre market in central and eastern Europe.
"According to our estimates, DT exceeded one-fifth of [the region's] datacentre floor space at the end of 2014," says Paweł Olszynka, head of ICT market analyses at PMR. "Its position has been strongly enhanced after its latest acquisition, GTS Central Europe.
"The transaction included taking over all the datacentre facilities owned by GTS, excluding a Slovakian unit. Now, after the acquisition, DT controls more than 25 datacentres in the region – in Bulgaria (T–Mobile), the Czech Republic (T–Mobile), Hungary (Magyar Telekom and GTS), Poland (T–Mobile and GTS), Romania (Telekom Romania and GTS) and Slovakia (Slovak Telekom)."
Markets in central and eastern Europe are quite new to us, but they are at a stage of development that makes them fascinating prospects
Maurice Mortell, TelecityGroup
In second place behind the German operator is Orange, although its share of the market is significantly lower. Third position is occupied by ATM, which in Poland is actually the biggest specialised colocation provider, with the main part of its business involving datacentres.
Another active foreign investor is IBM, which has had a presence in the regional datacentre market for several years, and TelecityGroup should also be mentioned. This British company has been actively seeking acquisition targets in the region and has already acquired three datacentres – in Warsaw (Poland), Sofia (Bulgaria) and Istanbul (Turkey).
"Markets in central and eastern Europe are quite new to us, but they are at a stage of development that makes them fascinating prospects," said Maurice Mortell, vice-president of developing markets at TelecityGroup. "That means we can get our international clients on-stream there more quickly."
Data flow in PLIX, the Warsaw datacentre owned by TelecityGroup, reaches up to 300 Gbits per second, which puts the facility among the top 10 European hubs.
Poland's datacentre market
Forecasts for Poland's datacentre market remain positive, similar to the rest of the region. Last year, the Polish market became more mature and competitive, with an increasing number of investment projects co–financed by EU funds, which are providing an important incentive. However, no Tier IV datacentre has yet been built in Poland.
Partial refinancing of investments means colocation providers can accept lower margins because of the lower level of capital expenditure they need to make, compared with facilities built on a purely commercial basis. Also, they can pursue other revenue streams that yield higher profits, such as server hosting, cloud, managed services and disaster recovery.
"Poland is by far the largest datacentre market in central and eastern Europe," said PMR's Olszynka. "The Polish datacentre market's revenue constituted nearly half of the total market value for the whole region. The second largest country in terms of revenue in 2014 was the Czech Republic, followed by Hungary, Slovakia, Romania, Bulgaria and Ukraine."
According to PMR analysis, almost 60% of Poland's datacentre space is located in Warsaw and its environs. But this picture will change, because expansion of the country's fibre telecommunications infrastructure in recent years is facilitating geographical diversification of the market. In turn, market fragmentation will create conditions conducive to mergers and acquisitions.
Attracting foreign customers is one of our priorities. We count especially on automatic sales via our website
Tadeusz Czichon, ATM
"Poland's datacentre services market is characterised by a high level of dispersion," said Grzegorz Bernatek, principal analyst at Audytel. "Its leaders' market shares reach several percent and none of them has managed to gain a permanent competitive advantage.
"We expect that, as the market grows, consolidation will follow. At the end of 2014, the market's value exceeded 1.3bn złoty (€300m).
Polish datacentres offer services mainly to domestic customers, with foreign clients a secondary consideration. Why? Only 30% of Polish companies use IT outsourcing services. In western countries, this percentage is much higher – in the UK, it is close to 70%.
Every year, leading players in the Polish datacentre market set out to acquire foreign customers, both from western and eastern Europe.
"Attracting foreign customers is one of our priorities," says Tadeusz Czichon, CEO at ATM. "We count especially on automatic sales via our website."
Marcin Geroch, director of consulting at Comarch, which manages a datacentre in Kraków, says: "It is cheaper to build and manage a datacentre in Poland than a similar facility in western Europe for many reasons, for example because of the lower cost of energy. However, certain foreign markets, such as Germany, force us to be present there to get local customers."
Comarch opened a new facility in Dresden, Germany in April 2013 and is preparing to build a similar one in Lille, France.
Datacentre services for Heathrow
London Heathrow Airport, the UK's only hub airport, is home to more than 80 airlines, serving 184 destinations in 84 countries. It is Europe's busiest airport and the third-busiest in the world by passenger traffic – on average, Heathrow handles more than 191,000 passengers each day. World Duty Free, its second-biggest partner after British Airways, offers more than 120 global brands.
Simon Chatfield, head of e–business and CRM at Heathrow Airport, says: "Comarch helped us to relaunch a loyalty scheme and reach our objectives by presenting us with the Comarch Loyalty Management platform. It is an out-of-the-box, scalable, tried-and-tested SaaS and PaaS system that meets all our needs in loyalty management."
The new airport loyalty programme has become an integral part of Heathrow's e-business planning for years
Simon Chatfield, Heathrow Airport
For Heathrow Airport's loyalty management system, Comarch operates a hardware platform using a SaaS model. The system uses a cloud model for sharing hardware resources and third-party licences. PaaS services include: platform administration (including Linux and databases – Oracle and PostgreSQL), monitoring and helpdesk, spare datacentre site (disaster recovery centre) with asynchronous data replication, managing hardware lifecycle (including migration and upgrades), online backup services and high-availability cluster services.
The Comarch datacentres that serve Heathrow comprise three sets of two data-processing centres located in two different cities for geo–redundancy purposes. This enabled Comarch to meet the airport's requirements for high availability, reliability, scalability and security.
Chatfield adds: "The new airport loyalty programme has become an integral part of Heathrow's e-business planning for years. Co-operation with Comarch helps to gain insight into the database, with knowledge about client preferences and retail data in one place.
"Now it is possible to improve the passenger experience by including mobile website, smartphone virtual membership cards and to enrich the portfolio of passenger rewards by including electronic instant points redemption at World Duty Free outlets. We have also developed a new acquisition channel, which brings in new registrations every day."
ATM acquires customers in east
ATM, datacentre market leader in Poland, has expanded co-operation with its Ukrainian partners and clients. Its growing involvement in that country stems from the interest expressed by local companies in services offered by professional datacentres. This is reflected in ATM's rising number of orders from eastern Europe, mainly from Ukraine.
Jacek Krupa, vice-president of ATM, says: "The market in eastern Europe is immense and still not saturated with services that would fulfil required standards in data storage and security. In recent months, we have signed several new contracts with our Ukrainian clients. This is a direct result of dynamically growing demand for our services."
The market in eastern Europe is immense and still not saturated with services that would fulfil required standards in data storage and security
Jacek Krupa, ATM
For two years, ATM has been co-operating with Host Park Group, a Ukrainian IT company that has been offering colocation and hosting services since 2009. Host Park offers its clients dedicated ATMAN EcoSerwer servers and colocation at datacentres operated by ATM.
Another client of ATM is the SteepHost datacentre in Kharkov, which decided to locate its dedicated servers in one of ATM's server rooms and to offer this service directly to its clients.
"Attractive terms for using ATM's datacentres are the principal reason why companies from eastern Europe increasingly consider setting up their backup datacentres in Poland for the purposes of disaster recovery procedures," Krupa adds.
ATM's clients in eastern Europe can use its three datacentres in Poland, which total 10,600 square meters, and the nationwide fibre-optic ATMAN network. Four European exchange points – in Amsterdam, Frankfurt, London and Moscow – have been augmented by a new one in Kiev.
"The network's structure also offers new opportunities for western Europe clients, who can now achieve communication to and from the east," says Krupa. "As a result, ATM becomes a hub that connects the eastern and western parts of Europe with telecommunication services."
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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You are here: Home / 365 Photo Project / 365 Photo Project | 2013
365 Photo Project 2013 | One photo each day, for 365 days.
343/365: Frozen Light Frozen light, frozen heart, Frozen from the start. Feel the warmth, feel the beat. Feel me from the inside. Freedom rings, freedom sings. Freedom from our frozen sins.
http://thedook.com/365/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/frozen-lantern.jpg 1330 2000 Cathy Neth http://thedook.com/365/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/facebookpreviewphoto.jpg Cathy Neth2013-12-09 11:12:452014-03-09 10:48:19Frozen Light
342/365: Bright Side In the mist of the coldest times... always look for the bright side, the beautiful side, the colorful side. Photo taken on 12/6 during the ice storm of 2013. You can see sleet pellets in the photo.
http://thedook.com/365/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/cardinal-in-tree.jpg 1083 2000 Cathy Neth http://thedook.com/365/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/facebookpreviewphoto.jpg Cathy Neth2013-12-08 10:03:552014-03-09 10:48:20Bright Side
341/365: Shimmer We're here and now, but will we ever be again 'Cause I have found All that shimmers in this world is sure to fade Away again
http://thedook.com/365/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/christmas-lights-shimmer-on-ice.jpg 1330 2000 Cathy Neth http://thedook.com/365/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/facebookpreviewphoto.jpg Cathy Neth2013-12-07 13:34:442014-03-09 10:48:20Shimmer
340/365: Icicles This brilliantly colored leaf remains strong as icicles form on the tip. The yard is filled with icicles and this was my favorite.
http://thedook.com/365/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/ice-on-leaf.jpg 1365 2000 Cathy Neth http://thedook.com/365/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/facebookpreviewphoto.jpg Cathy Neth2013-12-06 10:53:412014-03-09 10:48:20Icicles
Ice-pocalypse
339/365: Ice-pocalypse The Ice-pocalypse 2013 has arrived in the DFW area. The tables and items on the back patio are frozen solid. Going to be an interesting few days!
http://thedook.com/365/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/Ice-pocalypse.jpg 1330 2000 Cathy Neth http://thedook.com/365/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/facebookpreviewphoto.jpg Cathy Neth2013-12-05 16:18:492014-03-09 10:48:20Ice-pocalypse
Shadows of Ourselves
338/365: Shadows of Ourselves We are all just shadows of ourselves. Crossing a bridge between time and reality.
http://thedook.com/365/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/shadow-on-bridge.jpg 1132 2000 Cathy Neth http://thedook.com/365/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/facebookpreviewphoto.jpg Cathy Neth2013-12-04 09:38:492014-03-09 10:48:20Shadows of Ourselves
Fantasy vs. Reality
337/365: Fantasy vs. Reality Fantasy vs. Reality False vs. True Bad vs. Good What is real and what is not?
http://thedook.com/365/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/Fall-reflections.jpg 2000 1426 Cathy Neth http://thedook.com/365/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/facebookpreviewphoto.jpg Cathy Neth2013-12-03 18:19:542014-03-09 10:48:20Fantasy vs. Reality
336/365: Lunch Date Had a lunch date with that someone special. Enjoyed some great food at TruFire in Frisco. Love the atmosphere of this restaurant... calming, soothing and modern all mixed into one.
http://thedook.com/365/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/TruFire-Frisco.jpg 1330 2000 Cathy Neth http://thedook.com/365/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/facebookpreviewphoto.jpg Cathy Neth2013-12-02 19:08:442014-03-09 10:48:20Lunch Date
November Photo Lookbook
335/365: November Photo Lookbook All that was November 2013 in a Photo Lookbook. November has been a month of reflection and discovery. I spent a lot of time looking for the beautiful in the outside world. My photos reflect this exploration. 304.…
http://thedook.com/365/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/November-Photo-Lookbook.jpg 1530 2140 Cathy Neth http://thedook.com/365/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/facebookpreviewphoto.jpg Cathy Neth2013-12-01 10:46:592014-03-09 10:48:21November Photo Lookbook
Heart in the Dirt
334/365: Heart in the Dirt This photo of a woman drawing a heart in the dirt converted to black and white is one of my favorites from some photo shoots this weekend. It speaks so much with no words. You can see all the photos from this…
http://thedook.com/365/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/woman-drawing-heart-in-dirt.jpg 1993 2000 Cathy Neth http://thedook.com/365/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/facebookpreviewphoto.jpg Cathy Neth2013-11-30 16:17:222014-03-09 10:48:21Heart in the Dirt
333/365: Special Time Mom and I had our annual Black Friday shopping outing. I love this special time we get to spend together. Such a close relationship and I love her so much.
http://thedook.com/365/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/mom-and-daughter.jpg 2000 1719 Cathy Neth http://thedook.com/365/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/facebookpreviewphoto.jpg Cathy Neth2013-11-29 13:16:382014-03-09 10:48:21Special Time
332/365: Happy Thanksgiving Happy Thanksgiving. May your day be blessed with family, food and happiness. May your life be filled with hope, joy and love.
http://thedook.com/365/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Apple-Pie.jpg 1330 2000 Cathy Neth http://thedook.com/365/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/facebookpreviewphoto.jpg Cathy Neth2013-11-28 10:55:092014-03-09 10:49:14Happy Thanksgiving
331/365: Branches The branches lead in different directions. Lives path full of the unknown. Some lead to colorful destinations. While others to the still and unspoken.
http://thedook.com/365/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/colorful-tree-in-fall.jpg 2000 1330 Cathy Neth http://thedook.com/365/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/facebookpreviewphoto.jpg Cathy Neth2013-11-27 15:29:342014-03-09 10:49:15Branches
330/365: Drowning Drowning in the chaos. Filled to the top. Just wanting to stand out, be unique.. Find a way, a path, a light... Until all is still and quiet.
http://thedook.com/365/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/leaves-in-water.jpg 1330 2000 Cathy Neth http://thedook.com/365/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/facebookpreviewphoto.jpg Cathy Neth2013-11-26 19:36:042014-03-09 10:49:15Drowning
329/365: Hanging On Hanging on for one last ride. Waiting for the wind to slide on by. Letting go is so hard to do. Clinging to the past, not wanting new.
http://thedook.com/365/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/red-leave.jpg 1330 2000 Cathy Neth http://thedook.com/365/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/facebookpreviewphoto.jpg Cathy Neth2013-11-25 20:06:412014-03-09 10:49:15Hanging On
Smiling Squirrel
328/365: Smiling Squirrel Squirrel smiling as he steals food from the bird feeder. He is beefing up for the winter weather.
http://thedook.com/365/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Smiling-Squirrel.jpg 2000 1519 Cathy Neth http://thedook.com/365/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/facebookpreviewphoto.jpg Cathy Neth2013-11-24 13:50:092014-03-09 10:49:15Smiling Squirrel
Disco Leaves
327/365: Disco Leaves Shiny colors, spin around. Twist and turn to the ground. Disco leaves, dancing in the wind.
http://thedook.com/365/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Disco-Leaves.jpg 1164 2000 Cathy Neth http://thedook.com/365/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/facebookpreviewphoto.jpg Cathy Neth2013-11-23 15:14:022014-03-09 10:49:15Disco Leaves
326/365: Keeping Warm Keeping warm on this crisp cool evening. Fire burning, embers freeing... Heat fills my soul. Love above all.
http://thedook.com/365/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/fire.jpg 1154 2000 Cathy Neth http://thedook.com/365/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/facebookpreviewphoto.jpg Cathy Neth2013-11-22 19:59:212014-03-09 10:49:15Keeping Warm
Shadows and Lines
325/365: Shadows and Lines This is an art sculpture in a local park. I converted it to black and white and brought out some of the shadows and lines.
http://thedook.com/365/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/shadows-and-lines-art.jpg 1330 2000 Cathy Neth http://thedook.com/365/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/facebookpreviewphoto.jpg Cathy Neth2013-11-21 17:51:312014-03-09 10:49:16Shadows and Lines
324/365: Free Falling As the wind picks up and the air cools down. Tree leave are free falling all around. Tumbling slowly to the ground. A destination yet to be found.
http://thedook.com/365/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/free-falling.jpg 1232 2000 Cathy Neth http://thedook.com/365/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/facebookpreviewphoto.jpg Cathy Neth2013-11-20 19:11:142014-03-09 10:49:16Free Falling
Fall in Texas
323/365: Fall in Texas I use to believe Fall didn't exist in Texas. Now I know I just never looked around, looked hard enough or took the time to see all the colors around me.
http://thedook.com/365/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Tree-in-Fall.jpg 2000 1330 Cathy Neth http://thedook.com/365/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/facebookpreviewphoto.jpg Cathy Neth2013-11-19 17:57:312014-03-09 10:49:16Fall in Texas
322/365: Depth of Field I had some fun today playing with different depth of field ratios. In this photo I focused on the tree behind the leaves to bring a creative effect to the photo. It makes the leaves pop from their golden color and…
http://thedook.com/365/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/golden-leaves-fall.jpg 1330 2000 Cathy Neth http://thedook.com/365/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/facebookpreviewphoto.jpg Cathy Neth2013-11-18 20:13:562014-03-09 10:49:16Depth of Field


DEPUTY PM Warren Truss has admitted his disappointment at the failure to find MH370, as funding for the costly search runs out.
The latest modelling of the likely path of MH370 debris, by the University of Western Australia's coastal oceanography team, led by Professor Charitha Pattiaratchi.
CHINA is under increasing pressure to help with the drawn-out MH370 search as existing funding starts to dry up.
Speaking in Brisbane yesterday at the opening of the new look international terminal, federal minister for transport Warren Truss said it was "disappointing" the aircraft still had not been found more than a year after the start of the deep water search in the southern Indian Ocean.
He said the Australian and Malaysian Governments had contributed significant sums for the search and there was enough to last till April or May next year.
But he acknowledged the need for China to become "more greatly involved" by way of contributing either equipment or cash.
"They've been talking about the prospect of providing ships and searching equipment and whatever contribution they could make would obviously be welcome," said Mr Truss.
Of the 239 passengers on board the ill-fated flight from Kuala Lumpur, 152 were from China, 50 from Malaysia, and six from Australia.
China has played a key role in decision making about the search in partnership with Australia and Malaysia, but has to date refused requests for funding.
Mr Truss said obviously they would have liked to have found the Boeing 777 by now.
"It's disappointing we're so deep into the search and there's not yet been any success in locating the aircraft," he said.
In the event MH370 was not found by the time funding ran out, or when the 120,000 square kilometre search area was fully scoured, it remains unclear what might happen.
The latest update from the Australian Transport Safety Bureau revealed more than 70,000 square kilometres have now been scanned, without success.
Mr Truss said they were looking at other ways to ensure "all reasonable options were exhausted".
"We know that families are anxious," said Mr Truss.
The Malaysia Airlines' plane disappeared on March 8, 2014 after turning back to Malaysia less than an hour after departure.
The reason why remains unknown, with hijacking, pilot sabotage or an on-board fire considered the most likely theories.
The only debris found has been a wing part that washed ashore on Reunion Island in July.


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10 Jan - 2 min - Uploaded by 민병석 순정 예고편 Unforgettable Trailer ▷ 장르(Genre): 드라마(Drama) Korean Movie 순정 (Unforgettable. Movie: Unforgettable (English title) / Pure Love (literal title); Revised romanization : Soonjung Movie is set in Goheung, Jeollanam Province, South Korea. User Rating - Profile - Cast. Literally titled "pure" in the original Korean, debuting director Lee from the past recalls lost love, the movie isn't as rounded as those, and has.
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Vulture Recommends D+Q among 20 Best By Women
"10 Women Writers Share Their Must-Read Books for Women's History Month" / Vulture / Trupti Rami / March 4, 2019
Women writers are increasingly recognized as the dominant force in the contemporary literary landscape. We certainly don't need an occasion to recognize and recommend them, but March — Women's History Month — is as good a time as any. Vulture asked ten women writers (all releasing their own books in March) to choose two must-read titles apiece. Read on for selections from Amber Tamblyn, Taylor Jenkins Reid, and others.
The Customer Is Always Wrong, by Mimi Pond
Pond has a soulful way of adding pizzazz to a common story in an uncommon way. The bizarre menu of people that work with her at her small diner becomes a revolving door of crime and indelicacy, but Pond recognizes their humanity, and as the story unfolds, you just have to love them all.
The Greatest of Marlys, by Lynda Barry
I first met Marlys Mullen, the bungling, dreaming, self-assured, bucktoothed teenage girl at the center of Lynda Barry's comic strip, Ernie Pook's Comeek, in the early '90s, and she settled inside me like a new bone. I hadn't known before that characters like Marlys could exist, that they were worthy of existing. It was my first inkling that lives that looked even slightly like mine could matter. So I was thrilled in 2016 when Drawn and Quarterly published the expanded and updated version of this classic. Barry's devotion to the small moments of a life that is outwardly unremarkable, her ability to let a story grow wild and raw between frames, is remarkable.
Winnipeg Free Press Reviews This Woman's Work
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Geek.com features Doucet for International Women's Day
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Portland Mercury Features This Woman's Work
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Diese Liste der Nummer-eins-Hits basiert auf den Charts des italienischen Musikmagazins Musica e dischi im Jahr 1968. Es gab in diesem Jahr zwölf Nummer-eins-Singles und neun Nummer-eins-Alben.

Singles

Alben

Jahreshitparaden

Literatur

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia