← Rankings got you down?
Here's a way of thinking about the value of things. The relationship between what is valuable and our valuing can take two explanatory directions. Sometimes we value things because of the value that they have in themselves or in relation to other things that have value in themselves. Other times, things have value because we value them.
This simple point has implications for the notion of final value and the attempt to explain the special value of knowledge in terms of final value. The natural way to explain final value is in terms of the way in which we value things. Some value Princess Diana's dress over an intrinsic duplicate. The basis of the valuing is extrinsic (it is Princess Diana's!), but the way in which it is valued is for its own sake rather than for the sake of something else.
To turn this account of final value into something that could help explain the special value of knowledge, we need to convert it from a claim about the kind of valuing in question to some more objective notion of value, something the dress itself possesses, rather than something about the nature of our attitudes toward the dress. To do so, we'll need something like an appeal to ordinary or normal people and what attitudes would be normal or appropriate for them to take. We might say, for example, that the dress has final value just when ordinary or normal people would value it for its own sake even though on the basis of its extrinsic features.
At this point, I'd usually launch into a discussion of the dangers of the conditional fallacy, but that's not the point I want to make here. Instead, I want to point out which side of the divide noted in the first paragraph this proposal is on. It is, obviously, on the side of the divide where the value of a thing has the value it has because we value it in a certain way.
So here's the punchline. To use such a notion to explain the special value of knowledge is to commit oneself to the view that knowledge is not value because of some special value that it has in itself or in relation to other things that have value in themselves. Instead, knowledge has its special value because we value it in the way we do. But that conclusion, I submit, gets things backwards. If knowledge has special value, beyond the value of proper subsets of its components, we should want an account of that value that explains our valuing of knowledge in terms of the special value that resides in knowledge. We should not want an explanation that projects value onto knowledge because of the way in which we value it.
Of course, if one is a projectionist about all value, this argument may seem not telling. But whatever the general prospects for projectionism, there is still the distinction in the first paragraph that even a projectionist needs some explanation of. And whatever explanation is given, the argument I just gave can be recast in the preferred vocabulary.
Jon, I don't think I agree with this: "The natural way to explain final value is in terms of the way in which we value things." That may be one natural way, but there are others, including in terms of how it was produced or some other historical properties.
Hi John, well, explaining it and saying what it is are two different things. fundamentally, final value is supposed to cut across the intrinsic/extrinsic, for-its-own-sake/for-the-sake-of-something-else distinctions. So it is supposed to be something for-its-own-sake, extrinsic. The obvious way to say that is this: we value diana's dress for its own sake, on the basis of extrinsic features of the dress.
Okay, so how about this: knowledge is valuable for its own sake, on the basis of extrinsic features of how the constitutive belief was produced?
I think that if that is how final value was introduced into the literature, or in conversation, nobody would have bought the idea. What would it mean to say that princess diana's dress is valuable for its own sake because of where it came from? It makes perfect sense to say we value it for its own sake because of where it came from, but the former is just really mysterious sounding.
By the way, I should credit Christian Pillar for getting me to see this point about final value. It's natural home is in the territory of what and how we value things. To move from that home territory to some other domain of objective value takes some work.
Okay, I see it better now.
Compare two intrinsically identical paintings, one by Monet and the other by a monkey named 'Monkey'. We value the Monet for it's own sake more than we value the Monkey. And that seems like the right combination of attitudes. But why?
The right answer, it seems, must point to some relevant difference between the two. They're intrinsic duplicates, so any relevant difference must be extrinsic.
It would be implausible to simply point to the fact that *we value the Monet more than the Monkey*. That's the projectionist story — or near enough — that you think we should avoid. I agree.
I say that the relevant extrinsic difference is this: the Monet is a product of artistic genius, but the Monkey isn't. The Monkey is the product of a monkey randomly flicking paint on a canvas.
So there's an objective metaphysical basis for the added final value of the Monet. That basis explains why our valuing is correct. The explanation runs in the right direction.
The explanation of knowledge's added value would be structurally similar. True belief is produced by intellectual skills in a more intimate way than is true belief falling short of knowledge. And that purely extrinsic difference is the metaphysical basis that explains knowledge's added value.
I agree, in some sense, that this is a natural way to introduce the notion of final value, but I take it you wanted to make a stronger claim than that.
In general, we may think, to say that X has value is roughly to say that we have reason to desire it. This basic analysis may be complicated along two dimensions: we may consider (i) whether the reasons are provided by intrinsic or extrinsic features of the object, and (ii) whether the normatively recommended desire is an instrumental or non-instrumental desire.
For X to have extrinsic final value, on this natural account, is simply for X to have extrinsic features that provide us with reason to non-instrumentally desire it. There doesn't seem anything (necessarily) subjectivist about it.
Richard and John, I'm not sure here, but let me try once more. If final value is to explain the value of knowledge, it can't be a kind of valuing alone. So if you say, "we value knowledge because of X," that doesn't explain the value of knowledge, but only our valuing it. So we want to move from (we value it for reason X) to (it is valuable for reason X (and maybe some other stuff)). If we get only the former, but not the latter, we don't get an explanation of what we want: namely, the value of knowledge.
So, if final value is, at first pass, valuing for its own sake on the basis of extrinsic features, we have, at first pass, only the first: we value it for reason X. So how do we get to what is needed? Here final value won't help, if it's fundamental character is as remarked. For the direction of explanation should go from its value to our valuing it, not vice-versa. On any theory of value, this direction of explanation point has to be preserved, since it is obvious that it is present. So, either the fundamental character of final value is different from the characterization given, or the direction of explanation goes the other way, if final value can explain the special value of knowledge. Neither point seems right, so final value won't work.
That's the argument, and I can't tell in your responses which point you want to deny.
I meant to deny your first claim: that (an object's) final value is to be analyzed in terms of (people's) actual valuing. I see no reason to accept that claim, and I offered an alternative, buck-passing analysis in terms of objective reasons. More precisely: for an object to have (extrinsic) final value is just for it to have (extrinsic) features that provide us with reason to non-instrumentally desire it (i.e. in the way characteristic of 'final valuing').
Note that reasons for desire (valuing) are strictly independent of actual valuing — people may fail to respond to the reasons appropriately, after all. So if final value consists in the former (as I propose), then final value is likewise independent of actual valuing, which is precisely the result we needed.
Sorry for not being clear enough, Jon.
In my previous post, I took myself to be agreeing with your point (as you put it afterward) that "If final value is to explain the value of knowledge, it can't be a kind of valuing alone." I tried to point out the relevant extrinsic feature of knowledge's constitutive belief that would explain why it is *correct* for us to value it for its own sake. That feature is the source of knowledge's additional value.
The explanation does not stop with our mere valuing, but with the belief's extrinsic feature, which makes our (final) valuing correct.
Richard, I'm really confused by what you say about final value. First, you talk of (extrinsic) final value, but I don't understand the need for the qualifier: final value is by definition not intrinsic value. Second, you deny that you are clarifying final value in terms of valuings, and yet your last sentence of the first paragraph does precisely that ("in the way characteristic of final valuing"). That last remark is crucial to your proposal since without it, you just have ordinary extrinsic value. And with it, you have an account of the type I began with: final value is, first and foremost, a special kind of valuing–namely for its own sake and on the basis of extrinsic features. What your account adds is the reason-giving aspect, but that doesn't change the character of the account.
John, suppose you have the extrinsic features in question. Then knowledge has value in virtue of having those features. But stipulation, appeal to those features isn't a sufficient account of the special value of knowledge–otherwise, there would be no need to appeal to final value. So now you say, "ah, but those extrinsic features not only create some (inadequate) value for knowledge, they also explain why it is correct to value knowledge for its own sake." That won't work though. Either it is the valuing itself that imparts extra credit to knowledge or it is the correctness of the valuing. If it is the valuing itself, then we have no additional value to appeal to in order to explain the value problem–we just happen to be attached to knowledge more than to its subparts. So it had better be the *correctness* of the valuing that addresses the value problem, and this correctness has to addressed the value problem in a way not solved by the extrinsic features themselves. That's not promising, for a variety of reasons. For one thing, you've got the extrinsic features (EF) explaining the correctness (CR), and CR explaining the special value of knowledge (SVK), but EF not adequate to explain SVK. Second, you'd only get SVK explained when we value knowledge, since the correctness is lost when the valuing disappears.
What I think you want instead is just that the correctness of the valuing is a kind of free wheel in the explanatory machine, and that the basis in intellectual skills does the work required to solve the value problem. Whether and how we value knowledge may come up, but whatever value is involved or derived from that isn't the solution to the value problem. So, using the Monet/monkey example, the Monet is superior, whether anyone happens to value it for its own sake or not: all you need to see to draw this conclusion is your point about the genius behind the painting. That's all the explanation needed. As you know, I don't think the virtue-based accounts are adequate, but have simply assumed that for this post, since otherwise an appeal to final value would be otiose.
I agree with you, Jon! I don't think the conception of final value you presented (understood as a way of valuing) can really independently solve the value problem.
It does seem natural to me, though, to think of whatever makes that way of valuing correct as *itself* the final value. So, to coin a phrase, there's final valu*ing* and then there's final value.
Someone who approached it this way might deploy final valuing as a heuristic for focusing in on the final value — a kind of "free wheel," as you put it.
It would be more accurate to say that I account for final value in terms of there being reasons for a special kind of valuing. But this absolutely does "change the character of the account", in the vital respect just noted. Reasons for desire/valuing are prior to our actual valuing, as required. So can you clarify your objection to my account?
P.S. You write, "final value is by definition not intrinsic value." Maybe epistemologists use the term in a weird way. But (coming from ethics) I'm used to 'final value' meaning simply 'non-instrumental value' — a distinction Korsgaard pointed out is orthogonal to the intrinsic/extrinsic distinction. Final value, so understood, may be either intrinsic or extrinsic.
Richard, your p.s. helps unravel things here. When final value is appealed to in order to solve the value problem, it is assumed to be a new and unique kind of thing. It isn't any of the usual kinds of value (extrinsic, intrinsic, instrumental, non-instrumental) because those are assumed not to solve the value problem. It is, rather, a combination of the two distinctions you mention from Korsgaard: it is both extrinsic and non-instrumental. The question is how that can be, and how it would help with the value problem. And Christian's explanation is clean and straightforward: it is valuing for its own sake, on grounds that are extrinsic to the thing in question. What Korsgaard meant or said isn't all that helpful–clarity of exposition is not exactly foremost in her presentation of the matter. So it has to be cleaned up.
One other thing about your original proposal, Richard, which was: For X to have extrinsic final value, on this natural account, is simply for X to have extrinsic features that provide us with reason to non-instrumentally desire it.
If this account worked, we wouldn't need to appeal to final value at all to solve the problem of explaining the value of knowledge over its parts. Appeal to the extrinsic features in question would have already solved the problem, since a good reason to desire knowledge over combinations of its subparts would clearly satisfy the skeptics about the special value of knowledge (notice that nobody in the discussion denies that knowledge is valuable; what is in question is knowledge's special value, the value it has over its proper subparts). That was John Turri's proposal above, using the resources of Sosa-style virtue epistemology. Those who appeal to final value to solve the problem (Brady, and discussed but rejected by Pritchard) grant the inadequacy of those explanations.
Okay, that's helpful. Just to clarify: I take it you are using 'final value' to simply mean 'extrinsic, non-instrumental value'. As such, it seems puzzling to refer to "appeal to final value" as somehow different from "appeal to the extrinsic features in question". If other epistemologists have tried to do the former without the latter, then I'd agree with you that this is surely confused.
I'm not sure I'll do anything but throw dust in the air, but I'll try.
I think that the projectionist theory can distinguish the different directions of explanation to which you allude.
The "Its valuable because I (or we or whoever) value it" direction = "S's valuing of it is explained by the fact that I (or we or whoever) value it.
Add "…for its own sake" and other modifiers to get final value and other kinds of value, mutatis mutandis.
One might want then to add something to this effect: We ought to value the things that really do have value, where "really valuable" is given the first pattern of analysis.
The value of knowledge question is then a question about whether and how S values it, if at all. Suppose S values knowledge for its own sake because of its intrinsic features; then let's say that knowledge has final value and I ought to value it that way.
On the projectionist strategy, everything (all the hard work, that is) would go into specifying the nature of S.


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TV Broke down 6 months outside of warranty, do I have a claim?
I'm hoping some of the rights savvy users here might be able to help.
I have a 40" TV that I bought from Tesco for £299 on the 6th July 2011. It states on the receipt that it comes with a standard 1 year warranty. There was also a leaflet inside that said I could get a 6 month extension to the warranty simply by registering the device with UMC.
So a few days ago, the TV just started powering on and off by itself, the panel would just barely come on, and then turn off again, the only way to stop it was to turn the power off at the wall.
A day or so later I tried turning it back on, it automatically switched on and stayed on. I found when I tried to power it off with the remote it would turn itself back on. I left it on for a while and eventually it started powering off again as well.
This isn't any kind of fault with the remote, as I even took that right out of the room just in case it was something silly like that.
As it stands the TV is just 2 years old and unusable. It's on a surge protected socket, and has had less than average use. By that I mean it's lucky if it's seen 3 hours a week usage. I actually use it more for my PC than TV.
I know I read somewhere under law you can claim for a warranty repair even if you're out of warranty because you reasonably expected something to work for longer than the warranty period. I think anyone would agree that a TV should last 5+ years.
I also read up on Martin Lewis' Section 75 article( moneysavingexpert.com/sho…ses ), telling you that you can get your credit card company to cover this as well, though it might be a bit of a fight. (I bought it with a Lloyds TSB Mastercard).
I was wondering if anyone had any advice about how I should approach this first. I know fine well that Tesco will tell me it's out of the 1 year warranty. UMC themselves guaranteed it until February 2013, but they also gave you the option to buy one of those £39.99 """Lifetime Warranties""", so I'm pretty sure I'm going to get told if I didn't buy that then I can't claim.
They have an out of warranty repair service( umc-uk.co.uk/fix…php ) which conveniently lists my problem, and that it can be fixed for the bargain price of £144, nearly half the cost of the whole TV 2 years ago.
I'm pretty sure I have a case here under consumer law, to reasonably expect my TV to last for more than 2 years. But would like to hear your thoughts and any advice on who I should approach. Should I just cut straight to the Credit Card company?
In the end based on advice I contacted Tesco Technical support. They informed me that I had a claim against them for the faulty TV. They're sending me £90. It's better than nothing. It was definitely worth calling.
I have the same tv, not had any issues with mine as yet and bought it from Currys. You should try contacting Tesco customer services and explain to them. May be worth researching the batch of faulty PS3s consumers managed to get Sony to replace under the Sale of Goods Act as they were not fit for purpose after a couple of years. Good luck with it though, I'd be fuming if my TV broke after 2 years.
Check the European directive guarantees/warranties. Unless its changed it said that all consumer goods are guaranteed for 2 years everywhere in the EU. I would print a copy of it and take it to Tesco and ask them. If they can't give you an answer, ask them to report it or log it and say you will get back to them about it. Take their names too. Then take it higher up the management chain and their head office. You could tell them that you don't want a refund but would accept a repair. Also phone the credit card company for the form to make your claim as it wont hurt to get it started now if Tesco are not going to do anything. Good luck.
the u.k. has 6 years of cover... but there are caveats.
Items should have a reasonable life span, so a cheap throw away item obviously can never be deemed to have anywhere near 6 years reasonable life, but i'd say a tv would.
The trouble comes from the fact that within 6 months the retailer/whoever has to prove it isnt faulty, outside of 6months you have to prove it is from a defect/bad workmanship/whatever... not sure how you would go about that...details are on martins money site...as far as i know, the 2 year eu thing doesn't apply here as we have our own system which trumps it...like i said, with the caveats mentioned.
*edit* just read the entirety of OP's post, I, should pay more attention before offering suggestions lol...good luck op.
Of satisfactory quality - Goods are of satisfactory quality if they meet … Of satisfactory quality - Goods are of satisfactory quality if they meet a standard which a reasonable person would regard as being satisfactory, taking account of any description applied to them, the price (if relevant) and all other relevant circumstances. Satisfactory quality also includes the state and condition of the goods, their fitness for the purpose for which they were supplied, appearance and finish, their safety and durability and whether they are free from minor defects.
A reasonable person would expect a TV (even a cheap one) to last more than 2 years nowadays. Reject any argument about extended warranties - SOGA gives you rights that don't need an extended warranty. If they won't budge, then you'll have to consider whether it's worth getting an expert opinion, getting it repaired and making a small claim for the costs. I'd suggest for a TV at that price, your best hope lies in negotiating with Tesco. I find that a friendly, good-humoured approach is more successful than Mr/Mrs Angry!
ETA - I'd be surpised if your credit card company will provide a refund after 2 years of trouble-free use. When they get a claim, they do contact the company in the dispute. If Tesco hold their argument e.g. that it's a cheap TV out of warranty, I doubt you'll succeed. As far as I'm aware the credit card company can only give you a full refund, not the repair cost or a partial refund so I still think your best option is with Tesco as they have the flexibility to offer alternatives.
I appreciate all the answers here. It looks like it is something of a grey area.
On one hand, a TV should last more than 2 years, on the other, it's hard to attribute it to a defect 2 years ago.
I will try tesco first and see where it goes.
It all makes sense now, thank you, you've given me another avenue to look down.
Sorry Darkle. My silly sense of humour strikes again! I immediately thought of the movie "Poltergeist" when I read your post.
As to your problem - I dare not comment. I used to work for an electrical retailer sorting out problems like yours, so my point of view would probably go down on here like a brick through a plate glass window!
I will however say - good luck, my friend.
It really does pay to buy TV's from John Lewis.
And from Tesco it seems.
Phoned them up, and told them the problem. They took the details of the TV, the receipt number etc, then to my utter shock, HE told me I had a claim against Tesco under the Sale of Goods act. I didn't even need to bring it up.
So it now gets referred to a team who will look at the intrinsic value based on a 2 year old TV, they'll work out what it's worth and either pay me for that, or they'll pay for a repair at no cost to myself.
I'll post back what finally happens, but thanks for the help everyone.
warranty has no effect on your consumer rights just has time pasted has no effect on if a item should be suitable for purpose. I think TVs today are expected to last longer then 2 years so yes you have a claim. You should write to all parties, Tesco, The TV makers and your credit card company is applicable. I would say you asked for a well built TV that should last and also say it's not had exessive use and not been moved. Very least you should settle for is free repair or part payment to a new one.
We had this with a Sony a few years back and they sent us a voucher of about 50% of a new TV.
And from Tesco it seems.Phoned them up, and told them the problem. They … And from Tesco it seems.Phoned them up, and told them the problem. They took the details of the TV, the receipt number etc, then to my utter shock, HE told me I had a claim against Tesco under the Sale of Goods act. I didn't even need to bring it up.So it now gets referred to a team who will look at the intrinsic value based on a 2 year old TV, they'll work out what it's worth and either pay me for that, or they'll pay for a repair at no cost to myself.I'll post back what finally happens, but thanks for the help everyone.
Well, that's on the way to a good result!
I just want to reply and thank everyone for their help and comments.
Tesco contacted me and are giving me £90. It's not the best ending to this, but it's not the worst either.
I asked the guy how they calculated the devaluation and it's done per year, so had it broken a month earlier I would have got some more, but it's 2 years and a little under a month old so it's less.
£90 is better than nothing, which I think is what a lot of people would get because they just don't know their rights, or think it's out of warranty and they're out of luck.
A repair by the TV company itself is £100 as it turns out (not £144 as I previously thought), so that does leave me with the option of getting it repaired for as little as £10, or £90 towards a new TV.
hey my tv has gone! owning it after 1 and a half hears too!!
iv purchased extended warranty for £200 and tv is for £699 they said they would give a replacement. the replacement tv is for £579, they wont give me more tv or they said i can have £579 the value of the replacement tv!


Microsoft Pos .Net is (almost certainly) the best way to control point of sale peripherals from your .NET retail application. It allows you to easily control receipt and slip printers, barcode scanners, cash drawers, MICR (magnetic ink character recognition), MSR (magnetic swipe reader), line display devices, and more.
Some time ago my boss and I decided we wanted to build Pos .Net drivers for the point of sale application I work on, Ontempo Store. Unfortunately we had trouble finding suitable service objects at the time, and as we only needed to drive a receipt printer and cash drawer so we implemented an alternate solution. Recently we got some new hardware on short-term loan, and it came with OPOS drivers (which are compatible with Pos .Net). We've also had better success in finding Pos .Net service objects for our existing hardware, recently and so I spent some time building a new set of drivers while we still had the loan hardware to test with.
This is a first in a series of posts on my experiences with Pos .Net. On the whole, it's pretty good, but there are a few pitfalls to be aware of (a lot of these aren't really Pos .Net's fault, but you have to live with them anyway so I'm blogging about them).
It allows you to control many different brands and model of devices in a device independent way… you don't have to build a separate driver or write different code for each specific peripheral. While OPOS also does this, OPOS implementations are often built using COM components, which are an old technology and not ideal for use for .Net languages if you can help it.
It has a neat plug and play system that allows automatic detection of (connecting and disconnecting) USB devices, with no additional configuration of the device required to use it.
If your application is running on a terminal server but your devices are plugged into each local client, Pos .Net can access the devices back across the Remote Desktop connection, allowing your system to operate like a client application with regards to devices.
Pos .Net is the Microsoft implementation of the UPOS (Unified Point Of Service) standard, which is the follow up to the original OPOS standard, but features like the plug and play support have been added specifically by Microsoft as added extras.
In order for Pos .Net to work with a given device you must have either a native .net 'Service Object', or a legacy OPOS service object. Service objects are the 'middleware' that contain the brand/model specific code for a particular peripheral.
Once you have an appropriate service object (and you can write your own if need be) controlling a device with Pos .Net is very easy. Performance is generally great (although some what dependent on the service object).
If you're new to Pos .Net and looking to get started I recommend downloading the Pos .Net SDK and looking at it's samples. It has some good samples for dealing with barcode scanners and building your own service objects. If you want some samples for printers and cash drawers then I recommend downloading the Epson OPOS ADK for .Net. To get that, you'll need to register at www.epsonexpert.com, and once logged in go to Application Development –> OPOS then scroll to the bottom of the page to find the download links. Even if you're not using Epson hardware, the Epson samples will work (because Pos .Net is device independent) and they cover most aspects of using the Pos .Net PosPrinter class. There's also this Microsoft hands on lab which is quite good too.
For Pos .Net resources and links see my earlier post.
Universal escape codes… even Epson's escape codes don't necessarily work the same on all models, and across different brands there's even more variation.
Better status handling and error detection. Detect conditions cover open, paper low, paper out, offline etc.
Capability reporting, know whether your device can report it's status, print bitmaps, handle rotation etc.
Easy and elegant ways to detect/get notified of changes to the cash drawer (so you can close/clear your change window when it's closed, or provide a warning or alarm if it is open too long).
Easily and efficiently print to two stations at once (i.e receipt and journal).
This is very helpful. Thanks for the effort to blog.
This is very helpful. Thanks for taking the time to post.
Thanks Neil, its always nice to hear when one of my posts is useful.
good post. can you indicate how long it takes to write a service object for a device? did you actually do this?
No, I haven't written my own service object but there are some people doign so posting questions in the Pos .Net forum Microsoft host, you might want to check out their threads.
How long would it take ? That depends on the type of device and the features it supports... a cash drawer, or possibly even barcode scanner or MSR should be possible in a day or two, but a device like a PosPrinter or CheckScanner could take months as these devices are complex and often have a lot of features.
Sean Liming (www.seanliming.com) has written some service objects for cash drawers and scales, you may be able to download the source or request it from him if you want a sample, but again those are simple devices.
I'm interest on the redirect the WEPOS device to client machine through Remote Desktop connection.
Is it i must use SQL 2008 Terminal Service and load my Application into TS Web Access in order to use this feature?
I'm afraid I don't actually know the answer, but I don't *think* it requires Windows 2008 (it certainly doesn't require any particular version of Sql Server, the device access is not related to your database in anyway).
I would guess it would work with Windows Server 2003.
I'm not sure what you mean by TS Web Access, but again, I don't *think* it requires a browser or any web specific components.
to see if someone else can you.
Another benefit of native POS for .NET so over Win32 API and marshalling is 64 bit support.
In My case MSR is connected to Computer1 and Application is running on Computer2.
Unfortunately there is no built in support for sharing POS .Net devices across machines/networks. You will need to run an application or (Windows) service on the PC the device is connected to that exposes some kind of network service (SOAP or REST - SOAP services are pretty easy to create in .Net and seem more appropriate than REST since you really want an RPC style service). The network service will have to expose methods to make the device do things, and then your app running on computer2 will have to make the network calls to your service to interact with the device. Basically, you have to do it all yourself.


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I/we hereby agree to abide by the terms and conditions of Dan Bennett MBF Personal Training, a copy of which I/we have read and retained.
Common sense is your best guide to answering these questions. Please read them carefully and tick the correct answer.
1. Has your doctor ever said you have heart trouble?
2. Do you, or have you ever had, unexplained pains in your chest?
3. Are you currently or have you ever received treatment for epilepsy?
4. Has your doctor ever told you that you have a bone or joint problem such as arthritis that may be made worse by exercise?
5. Have you ever been diagnosed as diabetic?
8. Are you taking any medication prescribed by your doctor for your blood pressure, a heart condition or other serious illness?
9. Are you over 55 and not accustomed to exercise?
10. Is there a good reason not mentioned here, why you should not follow an activity programme even if you wanted to?
Consult your doctor for confirmation regarding your suitability for supervised activity to meet your specific needs. Tell your doctor which questions you answered "Yes" to.
If you have already consulted with your doctor with regard to this/these conditions(s) and you have been cleared to exercise then complete the section below.
It has been confirmed by my doctor that it is suitable for me to undertake supervised moderate activity on a graduated exercise programme.


Cashflow forecasting enables you to predict peaks and troughs in your cash balance. It helps you to plan borrowing or tells you how much surplus cash you're likely to have at a given time. Many banks require forecasts before considering a loan.
The cashflow forecast totals the sources and amounts of cash coming into your business and the destinations and amounts of cash going out over a given period. There are normally two columns: one listing forecast amounts and one listing actual amounts.
It is important to base initial sales forecasts on realistic estimates – see our guide on how to forecast and plan your sales. Otherwise an acceptable method is to combine sales revenues for the same period 12 months earlier with predicted economic growth.
Note that all forecast figures must relate to sums that are due to be collected and paid out, not invoices actually sent and received. The forecast is a living entity. It will need adjusting in line with long-term changes to actual performance or market trends.
Accounting software will help you prepare your cashflow forecast. Easy-to-use programs allow you to update your projections at a touch of a button if market trends change or if there is a downturn in your business fortunes. Planning for seasonal peaks and troughs is simplified and you can also make "what-if" calculations. See our business advice article on using accounting software.


Visiting Associate Research Scholar, Princeton Institute for International and Regional Studies. Fung Global Fellow.
Tamara Pavasovic Trost is currently a Fung Global Fellow at PIIRS. She holds a Ph.D. in Sociology from Harvard University and a M.A. in Political Science from Syracuse University. She has previously worked at the Centre for Southeast European Studies at the University of Graz, and holds a permanent position at the Faculty of Economics at the University of Ljubljana. Her research interests include nationalism and ethnic identity broadly, with a geographical focus on the Western Balkans, and qualitative methods. She is working on several projects, including the interplay between class and ethnic identity, sports nationalism and symbolic nation-building, the influence of institutions on collective memory and everyday identity, and Europeanization and LGBT issues, with a geographical focus on the Western Balkans.


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text:
package com.vmware.vim25;

/**
* @author Steve Jin (http://www.doublecloud.org)
* @version 5.1
*/

@SuppressWarnings("all")
public class NetIpConfigSpec extends DynamicData {
  public NetIpConfigSpecIpAddressSpec[] ipAddress;
  public NetDhcpConfigSpec dhcp;
  public Boolean autoConfigurationEnabled;

  public NetIpConfigSpecIpAddressSpec[] getIpAddress() {
    return this.ipAddress;
  }

  public NetDhcpConfigSpec getDhcp() {
    return this.dhcp;
  }

  public Boolean getAutoConfigurationEnabled() {
    return this.autoConfigurationEnabled;
  }

  public void setIpAddress(NetIpConfigSpecIpAddressSpec[] ipAddress) {
    this.ipAddress=ipAddress;
  }

  public void setDhcp(NetDhcpConfigSpec dhcp) {
    this.dhcp=dhcp;
  }

  public void setAutoConfigurationEnabled(Boolean autoConfigurationEnabled) {
    this.autoConfigurationEnabled=autoConfigurationEnabled;
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
YSR: End of a controversial tenure
by B R Haran on 06 Sep 2009 30 Comments
Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister YS Rajasekhara Reddy's tragic death in a helicopter crash, at the peak of his career, has shaken the entire political spectrum; our heartfelt condolences to his family, friends, relatives, colleagues, party men and followers.
In a career spanning over three decades, YSR as he was popularly known as, was elected to the Lok Sabha four times from Kadapa (Cuddappa) constituency and five times to the State Assembly from Pulivendula constituency of Andhra Pradesh. At a time when the state Congress was feeling the pinch of the non-availability of a charismatic leader, YSR pitched in and made full use of the opportunity. He served as president of APCC twice (1983–1985 and 1998–2000) and as minister from 1980-1983. He was Leader of the Opposition in the State Assembly during Chandrababu Naidu's tenure as Chief Minister from 1999 to 2004.
YSR undertook a massive padayatra (1500 kms) across the state in 2003, covering many villages and rural areas, and led his party to a grand victory in the 2004 elections to both Parliament and Assembly, to the shock of the TDP and surprise of the Congress high command. His party won 185 assembly seats and he became Chief Minister. In the 2009 elections for Parliament and Assembly, he led from the front on a plank of "Development and Credibility" and won 33 Lok Saba and 156 Assembly seats, becoming Chief Minister again. But barely three months late, travelling by helicopter from Hyderabad to Chithoor, he suddenly closed his life story as his chopper crashed on a hilltop in Nallamala forest area.
Tenure full of controversies
Welfare Schemes for the masses
During his first term as Chief Minister from 2004 to 2009, YSR implemented many new welfare schemes apart from the usual freebies such as free power for farmers, waiver of loans, Rs 2/kg rice, which have become the order of governance in the country now. Some schemes, launched with fanfare, include "Jalayagnam" (water conservation), a programmeme of more than 50 large, medium and small irrigation projects worth more than Rs. 50,000 crores; "Arogya Shree," a community health insurance scheme for BPL families; "Pavala Vaddi" or interest subsidy, a programme to provide loans to people, particularly women SHGs, at 3% per annum to encourage them to take up small entrepreneurial businesses; "Indiramma illu," a programme for construction of houses for the rural masses, the major share of which is borne by the government.
Though the Congress party claims these schemes and many others have been a success, the opposition parties have alleged rampant corruption in implementation of the schemes. Probably a change of regime in future might bring out the facts regarding implementation of these much hyped schemes. Also, if the schemes prove really "remunerative," succeeding regimes may continue with them, perhaps under a different name!
However, Rajasekhar Reddy was termed a pro-poor leader and the rural masses loved and adored him, particularly as he periodically increased the procurement price of paddy, which reduced farmer-suicides to a huge extent to almost nil status.
YSR and his family were in the thick of controversies during his tenure. The leader of the opposition, Chandrababu Naidu, accused him of amassing huge wealth through companies like Sandur Power Company, Jagathi Publications, and Bharathi Cement Corporation, which were owned by his family members.
As the allegations gained momentum and featured in the assembly, YSR accepted holding Government and forest lands and returned 614 acres at Idupulapaya estate in Vempalli mandal to the government. Still, media reports said he could be tried under AP Land Reforms (Ceiling on Agricultural Holdings) Act, 1973 & Rules, 1974, AP Assigned Lands (Prohibition of Transfers) Act, 1977 and AP Forest Act, 1967.
(Ref: http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/808974.cms)
Almost all opposition parties and the media alleged his family's involvement in the multi-crore 'Satyam' scam. He was blamed for the government's granting of huge contracts to 'Maytas' of the Satyam group. He was severely attacked in and out of the assembly for his 'specific' assaults on Ramoji Rao and his companies.
(Ref: http://www.andhravilas.com/movienews.asp?id=79193&curPage=17 and
http://www.thehoot.org/web/home/story.php?storyid=3157&pg=1&mod=1&sectionId=9&sectionname=MEDIA%20RESEARCH&valid=true).
During his tenure, Thirumala Thirupathi Devasthanam was always in the news for all the wrong reasons, from appointment of Chairman (once his own step-brother and another time a liquor baron), to mismanagement, to lack of transparency, to abuse of power, to shortages of jewels and gold coins, to sacrilege of Thirumala by evangelical activities and ant-social elements. The total abuse of TTD was attributed only to YSR and just some days ago Dr. Chandrababu Naidu demanded dissolution of the TTD Board.
The New Indian Express dated 4 September 2009 said, "Charges of massive corruption in irrigation projects and other big ventures dogged him throughout his first innings, so much so that he was described as the chief fund raiser for the Congress at the national level."
(http://www.expressbuzz.com/edition/story.aspx?Title=He+was+the+rainmaker&artid=kySQCi/WkhY=&SectionID=XVSZ2Fy6Gzo=
&MainSectionID=XVSZ2Fy6Gzo=&SectionName=m3GntEw72ik).
State's insecurity
YSR's tenure blundered on security. Apart from the anti incumbency factor for TDP, YSR's understanding with Maoist and PWG (Naxal) groups allegedly helped in his victory in the 2004 elections. As per the understanding, he stopped the anti-Naxal operations in the name of 'peace-talks' and allowed them to regroup and roam the state freely with arms and ammunition. The Naxal and PWG utilized this huge opportunity to establish contacts with Maoists in other states and Nepal.
As a result, the Red corridor spread to over 15 states across India, from Nepal to Andhra Pradesh. The unholy nexus extended to LTTE cadres and Jihadis, resulting in smuggling of different kinds of arms and ammunition, including rocket launchers, and parts for making bombs, etc. The huge cache of arms and ammunitions captured by Tamil Nadu police during their regular arrests of LTTE cadres established the Naxal-LTTE nexus.
His tenure also witnessed two huge bomb blasts in Mecca Masjid and Lumbini Park areas, resulting in immense loss of life and property. So far investigations have not yielded any results. The state still reels under the Naxal menace! The general law and order situation is not up to the mark, as evidenced by regular occurrences of political murders.
Christianisation of Andhra Pradesh
With YSR's advent in 2004, evangelical activities increased alarmingly and mass conversions were witnessed in rural areas on a large scale. His open pandering to Church and missionaries emboldened evangelists to go all out in their conversion activities. They dared focus on Hindu pilgrimage sites such as Badrachalam, Simmachalam, Srisailam, Ahobilam, Mangalagiri, Kalahasthi, and didn't spare Thirumala-Thirupathi! YSR aided the Church and missionaries in many ways.
He sanctioned Rs. 80, 000/- per Church for repair works in August 2006 as per GO MS. No: 21 dt 22/08/2006 (CM Reddy okays public money for Churches – Deccan Chronicle, 23 August 2006) and an aid of Rs. 1.5 lakhs for the construction of each Church.
This is done while the government is controlling over 30,000 Temples and taking all their revenue. Only 15% of temple revenue is given back for temple maintenance and salaries of priests. Over 40,000 Priests earn a salary of only Rs. 500/- to Rs. 1000/- per month. The rest of the revenue is being used for other government schemes and minority welfare schemes, as in Tamil Nadu.
The AP government is also auctioning cows and calves donated by devotees to Bhagwan Narasimhar Temple at Simhachalam to owners of abattoirs. With so much of revenue from temples, it is unfortunate that the government has not bothered to maintain a decent Goshala respecting the sentiments of Hindu devotees.
(http://www.hindujagruti.org/activities/campaigns/religious/save-temples/templesact/misuse.php)
The state government identified 7000 acres of temple lands for sale to raise revenues of Rs. 20, 000 crores. In many places, those lands have been allegedly encroached upon by Churches and Missionaries with the connivance of government officials. Some have been given for construction of Churches and Mosques.
Thousands of Churches have been planted by missionaries throughout the state totally disproportionate to the Christian population - one Church for every seven Christians! The number of Churches stands at 148,000; the temples are 190,000 (one for every 350 Hindus) and Mosques figure at 176,000 (one for every 40 Muslims)
(Ref: http://www.drthchowdary.net/index.php and
http://www.haindavakeralam.com/HkPage.aspx?PAGEID=7317&SKIN=C ).
The pastors of the planted Churches straightaway started their 'harvests' particularly in rural areas, where mass conversions have been rampant for the last five years. While the government figure of Christian population is 1.5% (2001 census), the Church itself puts the figure at 10 to 12%, which could certainly be more in view of the large scale conversion in the state. Most converts are Scheduled Castes who pretend to be Hindus to enjoy reservation benefits, while they practice Christianity at home. The AP Assembly passed a resolution for SC status for Christian and Muslim SC converts.
Emboldened by the government's attitude, missionaries made a focused assault on Thirumala Thirupathi. The YSR government facilitated such activities by releasing a GO saying Bhagwan Venkateswara's assets were only two hills covering an area of 27.5 sq. kms., and the other five hills would be taken over by the government for converting them into a picnic spot with multiplexes, food courts, commercial, sports and entertainment infrastructures including a rope-way to reach the top of the hills.
Fortunately, the AP High Court quashed the GO and the government beat a retreat after fierce Hindu agitations. {Judgment of a Division Bench of the Andhra Pradesh High Court1997 (2) ALD Page 59 (DB) – Tallapakam Koppu Raghavan Vs State of A.P}
But the Church never stopped evangelical activities on the hills, sparking off widespread agitation by the Hindu community. Sri Swarupanandendra Swami of Saradha Peetam, Hyderabad, convened a Seers' Meet in Delhi to take necessary actions against religious conversions. Subsequently, Sri Vishweshra Theertha Swamiji of Pejawar Mutt, Udipi, organized a massive public meeting in Thirupathi with the support of Hindu organizations.
He also constituted a fact finding committee under the Chairmanship of Sri Justice G. Bikshapathy, former Judge of AP High Court with Sri Justice K.B. Siddappa, former Judge of APHC, Sri TS Rao, former Director General of Police, Andhra Pradesh, Smt. Dr. P Geervani, former Vice-Chancellor of Sri Padmavathi Mahila Viswa Vidyala and Sri Dr. R Shrihari, former Vice-Chancellor of Dravidian University, Kuppam, as members. The committee held a preliminary sitting on 17 June 2006 at Hyderabad and visited Tirupathi and Tirumala on 21-22 June 2006 and held a public enquiry and subsequently issued public notice in the dailies and in electronic media
(http://www.organiser.org/dynamic/modules.php?name=Content&pa=showpage&pid=139&page=3 ).
The TTD's commodities contract also went to a Christian company by name JRG Wealth Management. The Hindu-Business Line reported, "The introduction of JRG Wealth Management Company's commodity futures terminal at Tirupati gave an on-line price reference mechanism to the second richest temple township in the world, next only to the Vatican".
(http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2005/08/31/stories/2005083102560900.htm)
Though YSR later kept out of Hindu pilgrimage centres, he gave a free hand to Churches and missionaries to carry out evangelical activities in the rest of the state. His son-in-law Anil Kumar is an evangelist with his own ministries. A Brahmin-convert, Brother Anil Kumar claims to be a preacher with anointing of holy spirits, powerful and authoritative teacher, revealer of Kingdom's principles, warrior of faith and a healer through miracles doing wonders in the name of Jesus (http://www.aweministries.org/).
When he arranged for a mammoth congregation, as huge as US evangelist Benny Hinn's, the government's machineries were allegedly used to make the show a big hit. Hundreds of banners were erected throughout the twin cities and other major cities and towns to welcome Brother Anil Kumar. YSR participated with his wife and daughter. The evangelical meet came in for severe criticism and drew flak from the opposition. But when confronted by the media on the use of official machinery to promote his son-in-law, YSR had quipped, "What is wrong in that?" It is believed Brother Anil Kumar has been placed as rival to the well-known evangelist KA Paul, also from AP.
(http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/dec/15-andhra-cm-son-in-laws-religious-meet-draws-flak.htm and
http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/YSRs-evangelist-soninlaw-triggers-war-of-words/421191/)
After winning the elections, YSR and his family went on a pilgrimage to Bethlehem, at the end of May 2009 to offer thanksgiving prayers for the victory of the Congress party. He did the same in 2004 also. Little wonder that he subsidized Bethlehem/Jerusalem pilgrimage for Christians, first of its kind in the country, allotting a budget of 2 crores of rupees for 2008-09, apart from 5 crores of rupees for repairs of churches and mosques.
(http://www.tribuneindia.com/2008/20080219/nation.htm#4)
Small wonder that Christians of all denominations favoured him in the 2009 elections. Rayalaseema Regional Christians' Sadassu in Kadapa called upon Christians in the four Rayalaseema districts to vote for Congress to ensure further progress. Bishop of Rayalaseema Diocese, Yesu Varaprasad, former Bishop CVM Fredrick Babu, Rev. Fr. Samson and Banhur Babu of CSI Church, Pastor CSI Church, secretary Samuel Babu and Zion College of Physical Education K. Rajarathnam Isaac were present at Sadassu. They appreciated the various welfare schemes launched by government.
(http://www.thehindu.com/2009/04/18/stories/2009041851820300.htm).
The Evangelical Fellowship of India (EFI) condoled the CM's untimely death in a press release, referring to his message of 19 August 2009 to them on the occasion of All India Congress on Church in Mission, expressing gratitude to the "Christian Churches in India for their service to the nation in the field of education, health and social work and for promoting peace, reconciliation and development of all communities irrespective of caste and creed." EFI called for prayers for the family of the late Chief Minister and for the families of the four other officers who died in the tragic accident.
The London based "Religious Intelligence" mourned YSR's death by publishing an article titled "Head of Indian state, a Christian, killed in chopper crash," by Delhi-based journalist Vishal Arora. It said YSR was a second-generation Christian, as his father Raja Reddy was converted by missionaries while serving in the military in Burma. It claimed without any evidence that "several" Christian priests and workers were killed in "numerous" attacks in the last few years and blamed "Hindu Nationalists" for those attacks!
(http://www.religiousintelligence.co.uk/news/?NewsID=4961).
TV channels mentioned on the eve of his funeral that his father was shot dead (by rivals) at the age of 75, thereby confirming his 'bloody' past, which is also evidenced by the anti-social track record of "Bhumana brothers" (Bhumana Karunakara Reddy and Bhumana Subramanya Reddy) associated with his family.
(http://www.christianaggression.org/item_display.php?type=ARTICLES&id=1133939601
and http://www.hindu.com/2004/04/13/stories/2004041305380500.htm and
http://www.sandeepweb.com/2009/09/04/how-slayers-are-sainted/#more-1356)
The New Indian Express reported, "Physical elimination of rivals, typical of the factional politics of Rayalaseema region, began soon after YSR became Chief Minister. Congress warlords loyal to the Chief Minister, but till then confined to Rayalaseema, spread their tentacles to even the state capital, dictating who should be awarded works and involving themselves in real estate settlements."
&MainSectionID=XVSZ2Fy6Gzo=&SectionName=m3GntEw72ik ).
Coincidentally, just five days before, TDP president Chandrababu Naidu accused YSR of mismanagement of Thirumala Tirupati Devasthanam's affairs and demanded dissolution of the TTD Board. In a press conference at TDP headquarters on 28 August, he said the assets of TTD were worth about Rs 30,000 crore, while the value of the jewellery could not be estimated as many jewels donated to the temple since Srikrishna Devaraya's era were invaluable.
Dr. Naidu said the Chief Minister would face the wrath of Lord Venkatesvara for indifference towards Tirumala, the Lord's abode: "Lord Venkatesvara (Lord Balaji) is very powerful. This is a proven historical fact. Such people will pay a heavy price in the long run." He said former Chief Minister NT Rama Rao wanted to develop Tirumala at par with Vatican City.
(http://in.news.yahoo.com/20/20090829/1416/tnl-dissolve-ttd-board-demands-naidu_1.html)
All said and done, however, YSR was indeed a charismatic leader with a well-earned pro-poor image, as evidenced by the startling spate of suicides and shock deaths, hitherto an exclusive "culture" of "Dravidian" land (Tamil Nadu). He outshone the Dravidian leaders in "all" respects not only when he was alive, but also after his death. Karunanidhi fittingly declared a state holiday as a mark of respect to the departed leader.
The author is a senior journalist; he lives in Chennai

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Join the Emerald Exchange community for a day filled with enriching new friendships and future partnerships. To join the exchange, buy tickets.


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Spartans Under 20s play their fixtures on a Friday evening. The pull down links will take you to this season's fixtures and our squad pics.


text:
Bet on Esports
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eSports / Esports / CS:GO
Your Best CS:GO Betting Guide 2023
In this CS: GO betting guide, bettors can find everything they need to know about betting on the first-person shooter video game. Whether it's the gameplay and rules or the betting markets and odds, this page tells it all. There's no doubt that eSports betting is taking over.
Fans of popular titles such as Valorant, FIFA21, Call of Duty, Madden, NBA2K, StarCraft, Dota 2, and the rest can now wager on the different eSports events at a competitive level. According to the latest statistics, eSports' total value of money and items wagered in 2020 totalled $12.9 billion.
Top CS: GO Betting Sites 2023: everything you need to knowReasons why you should bet on CS: GOWhy is CS: GO so popular?The biggest CS: GO eSports tournaments and competitionsFind the perfect CS: GO eSports betting sitesBest CS: GO teams to place your bet onCS: GO betting pros and consCS: GO betting odds explainedCS: GO Betting tips and tricks
Top CS: GO Betting Sites 2023: everything you need to know
While over a dozen video games feature on eSports betting sites, CS: GO is one of the most dominant forces. According to statistics from a publication by Narus Advisors LLC and Eilers & Krejcik Gaming, CS: GO betting comes second in terms of eSports betting volume, accounting for 29% of total eSports bets.
Counter-Strike: Global Offensive, commonly known as CS: GO, is an immersive multiplayer first-person shooter AAA title developed by and published by Valve and Hidden Path Entertainment. Released in 2012, it is the fourth instalment in the Counter-Strike series.
This game has several new extras that set it apart from its predecessor. The game comes with new maps, new characters, new game modes, a new weapon set, matchmaking features, and competitive skill groups.
CS: GO matches pit two sides, terrorists and counter-terrorists. The two sides engage in battles while changing sides. The object of the game depends on the mode. Some of the objectives include securing a location, defusing bombs, rescuing hostages, and capturing hostages.
Talking of game modes, CS: GO has 9; Competitive, Casual, Danger Zone, Wingman, Deathmatch, Weapons Course, Arms Race, Demolition, and Flying Scountsman. Demolition, a game mode that involves bomb defusal, is the most popular of the two classic modes.
Upon its release, CS: GO got a cordial welcome. Video game critics praised the development team for the game's fluid gameplay and the faithfulness to the series. The game's mechanics, graphics, and sound also improved dramatically, offering players realism and immersion at the battleground.
However, this video game also had a fair share of the haters. There were differences in features between the console and PC versions. This is something that didn't augur nicely with some fans.
Reasons why you should bet on CS: GO
Cs go esports bet is entirely legal, but players are always advised to bet on licensed and regulated sites. Betting on CS: GO is not in any way different from placing your bets on other FPS eSports, talk of Valorant, Call of Duty: Warzone, and Rainbow Six Siege.
How to sign up at online bookmakers
Players first need to find a site with CS: GO betting markets to bet on csgo. After finding that reliable bookmaker, the next thing to do is register an account.
Click on the SIGN-UP option, enter the required information, agree to the terms and conditions and finish the registration. New players will then be asked to confirm their email addresses before being allowed to start betting.
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Now, players have to load their newly registered account to get into real money CS: GO betting. Esports bookies partner with all the household names in the online payments industry to facilitate easy, secure, fast, and affordable deposits and withdrawals.
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There are plenty of CS: GO promotions and bonuses that players can take advantage of for the record. New players can claim the welcome bonus while existing players can enjoy reload bonuses and cashback.
Why is CS: GO so popular?
this game is among the most popular games in the eSports scene and the eSports betting industry.
According to a publication on Statista, CS: GO attracted a whopping 942,520 concurrent players on Steam alone in September 2021. Interestingly, the figure had peaked five months earlier in March when the game grossed almost 1.2 million concurrent players on Steam.
Since it debuted, csgo draws over 11 million gamers every month and has remained one of Steam's most-played games overall.
So, what makes CS: GO popular in the eSports scene and the eSports betting industry?
1. Intuitive gameplay
Unlike many FPS games with complex storylines, the game has simple, straightforward, and intuitive gameplay revolving around the 'kill or get killed' basis. Every side has a chance to play as the terrorists or the counter-terrorism unit. When it comes to the storyline, it's based on issues affecting the entire globe today - terrorism.
2. Customisability
Another reason why CS: GO is still popular is because it allows players to reconfigure the game based on their needs and skill level. This helps new players who want to learn and perfect their skills in the game. What's more? The games also allow players to customize aspects such as FPS and the range for better gaming.
3. Free-To-Play model
There's no doubt that much of CS: GO's success is owed to the introduction of the free-to-play model in 2018, which left cosmetics as the only source of revenue. Now that players don't have to spend anything to play the game, it definitely attracts more fans.
4. Control over violent tendencies
At the peak of CS: GO, a common problem arose amongst the community. Some players were exhibiting violent behavior, which was a nuisance to others. This was among the reasons that spurred the decline of CS: GO, but fortunately, the company came up with measures to control violent players. This returned the once lost confidence in the FSP game.
5. Esports and video game betting
Counter-Strike: Global Offensive is a big name in the eSports industry. As mentioned earlier, it is second to League of Legends in the list of the most popular eSports by betting volume.
The game is the most popular shooter game among Western countries and one of the biggest disciplines. What's more? It has influencers - celebrities including Neymar play the game. The availability of csgo eSports betting market is also a catalyst.
6. Exciting ecosystem
The exciting CS: GO ecosystem is also a factor that has contributed to the game's popularity. One of the striking features of the game is the ability of players to sell skins.
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The popularity of the game has been declining now that there are newer FPS games, and cheating discourages players. But still, it's a force to reckon with within the eSports betting industry.
The biggest CS: GO eSports tournaments and competitions
The reason for csgo's dominance in the eSports betting scene is the availability of adrenaline-filled tournaments throughout the year. These tournaments attract paychecks starting from $1,000 up to $30 million for the creme de la creme tournaments. In this segment, find out all the biggest CS: GO tournaments and competitions.
Major Championships
Sponsored by Valve, The Major, is the biggest and most prestigious CS: GO tournament globally. The tournament was first hosted in 2013 when it attracted a $250,000 prize pool, split amongst the 16 participating teams. Over the years, The Major has grown exponentially. The latest Major advertised a $2,000,000 total prize pool.
Natus Vincere is the reigning champion in Major 2021, held in Stockholm at the Avicii Arena. In the heated finals, Natus Vincere knocked out G2 Esports 2-0. The PGL Major Stockholm 2021 attracted a US$2,000,000 prize pool, double the amount that was floated in the previous year.
But Astralis remains the most successful team in Counter-Strike: Global Offensive Major Championships, having won four titles.
The BLAST Premier is also known for one of the best CS: GO events which is definitely worth betting on.
S-Tier Events
Formerly known as Premier CS: GO Tournaments, S-Tier events involve the best CS: GO pro gamers from Europe, North America, Australia, and Asia. S-Tier Events are characterized by high octane battles amongst the world's best teams.
And it's not just about the adrenaline; these events also attract fantastic goodies. For example, the ESL: One Rio 2020 and ESL: One Cologne 2020 has a pool prize of $ 2,000,000, while Flashpoint Season 1 & 2's prize money was $ 1,000,000 cash per season.
A-Tier Events
Under the S-Tier events is the CS: GO A-Tier events, a series of events held in North America, South America, China, the Middle East, and Europe. Together with the S-Tier Events, the A-Tier Events are crucial to determine who goes to The Major.
B Tier Events
The B-Tier Events involve LAN matches and online competitions. The events are held in Europe, North America, Asia, and Australia. They may not attract huge prize money, but they are part of the road to The Major.
C-Tier Events
These are much smaller tournaments that don't attract a large following but are still competitive enough. They are played online.
As the name suggests, this is a tournament exclusive to CS: GO players from European countries. It brings together 16 of the best teams who share the staggering $30,000,000 prize pool. Teams that participate in the European Championship participate through a direct invitation.
IEM Series
The Intel Extreme Masters (IEM) are Intel-sponsored csgo tournaments run by ESL (Electronic Sports League). The qualifying events are held in different countries; the finals are held in Poland, where two teams battle for the IEM World Championship.
The above are some of the best CS: GO tournaments and competitions to follow and bet on. With eSports betting getting bigger, expect more tournaments and competitions.
CS: GO Tournament prize pools
When it comes to prize money, statistics from Statista show that the total prize money of global CS: GO tournaments dropped significantly in 2020 when the total prize money was $15.85 million. In 2018 though, a record was set - this game attracted a total tournament prize pool of $22.65 million.
For now, CS: GO's popularity is dwindling, so it's highly unlikely that the total prize pool will go up. But for the top competitions such as The Major, the prize pool will undoubtedly be increased.
Find the perfect CS: GO eSports betting sites
Today, hundreds of eSports betting apps and sites offer eSports betting markets, including CS: GO. While variety is a good thing, it puts players in a dilemma on which bookie website to join. So, how should bettors choose the best eSport betting site?
The first thing to ascertain is the credibility of the site and the operator behind it. Make sure it is licensed and regulated. Players can check what the online reviews say, and importantly, seek recommendations from eSports bookmakers and forums.
Next, check the game selection, the betting markets, and the cs:go betting odds. Make sure the bookmaker offers CS: GO bookie and covers all the professional cs go events globally. Also, be on the lookout for cool features such as live streaming and the high odds.
CSGO live betting is a great way to make esports betting more exciting. Csgo live gambling is a really popular form of video game bets.
Third, find an eSports betting site that has flexible banking options. A good shot here is a fast pay betting site that offers players fast deposits and instant withdrawals. Fast pay betting sites partner with all the household names in the online payments industry.
Lastly, find a good online bookie with bonuses. These are incentives that bookmaker use to attract new customers and retain the existing ones, for starters. The advantage of bonuses is that they increase bankrolls.
Best CS: GO teams to place your bet on
One of the reasons for the success in the eSports betting scene is the level of the teams that participate in CS: GO events. These teams are just as competitive as any other team, be it one of the best franchises in the NBA or the soccer heavyweights in Europe.
To remain competitive, CS: GO teams inject lots of money into talent acquisition and training. The players are signed and given contracts just like in soccer and other sports. They can also be kicked out if they don't live up to the team's expectations.
Now, when it comes to csgo esports bets, it's essential to know the top teams in the game, and importantly, their rosters. So, in this segment, find out all the best teams that bettors should follow during the major tournaments.
Danish eSports heavyweights Astralis is the most successful CS: GO eSports team. The team was founded by Frederik Byskov, Jakob L. Kristensen, and Nikolaj Nyholm. Today, Astralis boasts four Major titles. Their current CS: GO roster has an all-Danish team that includes the likes of Andreas Højsleth (Xyp9x), Lukas Rossander (gla1ve), Lucas Andersen (Bubzkji), and Kristian Wienecke (K0nfig).
Another CS: GO eSports team at the helm is the reigning PGL Stockholm 2021 winner, Natus Vincere. The Ukrainian outfit made headlines in Stockholm when they edged out G2 eSports to clinch The Major 2021. The current roster includes Oleksandr Kostyliev (s1mple), Denis Sharipov (electronic), Kirill Mikhailov (Boombl4), Ilya Zalutskiy (Perfecto), and Valerii Vakhovskyi (b1t).
Popularly known as G2, this is another household name in the CS: GO eSports space. G2 has dominated several events, including DreamHack Open Tours 2017, ESL Pro League Season 5, eSports Championship Series Season 1, and DreamHack Masters Malmö 2017.
The current roster has Nikola Kovač (NiKo), Nemanja Isaković (nexa), Nemanja Kovač (huNter-), Kenny Schrub (KennyS), Audric Jug (JaCkz), and François Delaunay (AmaNEk).
French eSports heavyweights Team Vitality are also favorites in the CS: GO space. Founded in 2013, the team has not been so dominant in the game, but it's a team to watch. The current roster includes Richard Papillon (shox), Jayson Nguyen Van (Kyojin), Mathieu Herbaut (ZywOo), Kévin Rabier (misutaaa), and Dan Madesclaire (apEX).
The above are some of the best CS: GO eSports teams. Other worthy mentions include Gambit eSports, FaZe Clan, Fnatic, and SK Gaming, among others.
CS: GO betting pros and cons
In this section, find out some of the reasons players should consider bet on csgo and some of the reasons why players should think twice.
Wide variety of events - Unlike other eSports, CS: GO has plenty of events to bet on all year round. There are major tournaments as well as intermediate tournaments, and they are all competitive.
Winning chance - Victory is for those who play. Bettors stand a chance to win real money when playing at real money CS: GO betting sites.
Plenty of esport bookmakers - Unlike in the past, there are many Counter Strike bet today. Besides the vast sites that have CS: GO markets, these sites float plenty of generous promotions in the form of bonuses.
No Hard Data - Except for the top competitions, there's hardly any data to assess before settling for a certain team in the lower CS: GO eSports tournaments.
Betting on esport is fun, but then, players need to abide by responsible gambling rules. They should set a budget for betting on this game and try to never fall into compulsive gambling - CS: GO betting is just as addictive as CS: GO itself.
CS: GO betting odds explained
Before diving into CS: GO bet, players should first understand the odds. For starters, odds are a representation of the probability of an event passing. The higher the odds, the lower the chances, and vice versa.
Now, CS: GO odds can be represented in any of the three odds formats; British odds, American odds, or European odds. Below are the highlights of each odds format.
British Odds
Also known as UK odds, or fractional odds, these are represented in fractions. In fractional odds, the number on the left is what players win for wagering the number on the right, plus the stake.
American odds are represented in a negative number or positive. Odds with a + sign shows the profit for every $100 staked while a - sign indicates the amount that must be staked to make a $100 profit. For the record, the plus sign is for the underdog, while the minus sign is synonymous with the favorite team.
European Odds
Also known as decimal odds, European odds are represented in decimals. To calculate the winnings, multiply the decimal odds by the stake.
Some CS: GO bookmakers have just one of these odds formats, while others support the trio.
CS: GO Betting tips and tricks
In this last section of this CS: GO betting guide, experts have shared several vital tips and tricks to help bettors stand a better chance of winning in CS: GO betting.
First, players must be acquainted with the gameplay and rules of CS: GO eSports competitions. Importantly, they should master all the tournament formats, bracket structures, and csgo match betting types.
Second, always use the advice of eSports prediction sites. Like soccer and other traditional sports, eSports has pundits and expert analysts who come up with some reliable insights on the upcoming CS: GO eSports events.
Another csgo gambling tip is to scout for csgo game betting sites with bonuses. For players who want to increase their bankroll, promotions such as welcome bonuses, reload bonuses, and cashback come in handy.
Finding a strategy is also essential when betting on csgo. Like in all other forms of gambling, there are CS: GO strategies that can help bettors stand a better chance of placing winning bets.
Lastly, follow the odds. Many are times, players go for the high odds only to lose their money. Always trust the bookmakers - when the odds are low, the chances of winning are high, but when the odds are high, the chances are high that bet won't come through.
That's the end of this csgo eSports betting guide. While CS: GO might be losing momentum, it's taking root in the eSports betting world, and considering players can csgo skins gambling, CS: GO bookmaker is here to stay.
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Apparently this isn't a negative factor to have numerous plants from the identical potato.
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Home » The FIA is looking for tomorrow's champions with Rally Star
The FIA is looking for tomorrow's champions with Rally Star
February 25, 2020 July 16, 2020 PelLaurens
The Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile just announced FIA Rally Star, a global, FIF-funded program to detect, train and develop talented young drivers. Spotted by the National Sporting Authorities, the best young people between 17 and 25 years old will eventually be able to join the World Rally Championship, benefiting from a sporting program set up by the FIA and its partners.
At the heart of the FIA's strategy for the development of rallying throughout the world, FIA Rally Star aims to encourage the emergence of a new generation of drivers and to identify those with the greatest potential to target a professional career. The program is funded by the FIA Innovation Fund (FIF), which aims at supporting innovative and high-impact initiatives that generate lasting benefits for the FIA community.
At the base
At the base of the pyramid, the 144 member National Sporting Authorities (ASNs) of the FIA will be encouraged to organise detection operations, offered to young boys and girls between the ages of 17 and 25. In order to make these selections accessible to as many people as possible, two grassroots disciplines will make the framework for these operations:
– Digital Motorsport, using driving simulators and the FIA Rally Star partner video game;
– Motorkhana, which involves maneuvering a production vehicle through a handling course.
ASNs will also be able to use their own detection methods to identify young talent.
The second phase
The second phase of the program will be a tour of six continental finals organized by the FIA in Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa, Africa, Asia-Pacific, South America, and North America. Candidates selected by the ASNs will compete against the clock at the wheel of XC Cross Cars to win one of the seven seats granted: one per continent, plus one for the best woman driver in the world.
This group of seven youngsters will then benefit from an intensive season of training, including personal coaching, testing sessions and participation in a minimum of six rallies at the wheel of Rally3 cars. This development program will identify the four most promising drivers, including at least one female competitor, who will then join the FIA Junior WRC.
Over the next two seasons, these future stars will need to demonstrate that they can compete for victories and then for the title, as a full season in FIA WRC 3 will be the ultimate reward for an FIA Rally Star driver winning the championship.
Innovative and far-reaching, the FIA Rally Star program will benefit from the support of ambassadors and partners already acclaimed in the world of rallying. The official launch is scheduled for mid-June, during the FIA Sport Conference in Thailand. The ASNs will then be able to deploy the first selections.
Jean Todt, President of the FIA: "When we talk about the detection of rally drivers, we obviously think of Rallye Jeunes, which enabled the FFSA to identify the potential of Sébastien Loeb and Sébastien Ogier with the success that we know. Thanks to the support of the FIA's Innovation Fund, we are embarking on an extremely ambitious and innovative program, made available to our 144 ASNs for worldwide deployment and amplification. FIA Rally Star is a great opportunity for those who dream of becoming rally drivers."
Yves Matton, FIA Director: "At a time when the World Rally Championship is exploring new territories, FIA Rally Star will encourage the emergence of a new generation of drivers. By using grassroots disciplines such as Digital Motorsport and Motorkhana, we will be able to give many young enthusiasts their chance. The most promising will then benefit from a tailor-made development program, ultimately enabling them to join the WRC. With FIA Rally Star, we hope to find a future World Champion, wherever they are, whoever he or she is."
Sophia Floersch will return on the racetrack next week
MotoE calendar revised after a fire
Sophia Floersch says that she won't go to the Ferrari Academy
CROSS COUNTRY – SNOW AND ICE; A UNIQUE CHALLENGE FOR THE CROSS COUNTRY OPENER
← Scuderia AlphaTauri and RDS agree partnership extension
Short read: Daniel Ricciardo warned Esteban Ocon →


Côte d'Ivoire and Marshall Island: this exchange was organized around the idea of friendship. The students have exchanged letters explaining their own vision of friendship, and presenting their daily life in their country. In addition, each one has made a friendship bracelet (symbolizing friendship and peaceful behaviors), and have exchanged them with their pen pals.
Working with Art in all of us was an incredible opportunity for my students. Many of them have a very limited concept of the world beyond their tiny island. Working with AiA allowed my students to view kids all over the world and engage in a conversation about their similarities and differences. We also had the opportunity to be pen pals with students in Africa. This allowed my students to not only see other children from around the world but also engage with them. My students and I are grateful to have been part of this wonderful program. (Teacher in charge of the PPP in Marshall Island).


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10th Grade English (Christopher Arnett)
Unit 1: Literacy: In The Beginning There Was American Literature...Creation Myths & Creative Writing
Unit 2: Literacy: Plain Living Portrayed in Puritan Poetry and Sermons
Unit 3: Literacy: Rhetorical Devices and Revolutionary Thinking of the Enligtenment
Unit 4: Persuasive Writing: Research and Rhetorical Skills
Unit 5: Literacy: Catching Identity, Novel Study of "The Catcher in the Rye"
Unit 6: Collaborative Speaking & Listening: Designing Identity in "The Catcher in the Rye" Boardgame
Unit 7: Literacy: Poetry by the Fireside (Romanticism Part I)
Unit 8: Literacy: Brooding, Dark and Gothic Poetry and Short Stories (Romanticism Part II)
Unit 9: Literacy: Transcendent Impressions in Essays (American Romanticism III)
Unit 10: Literacy: The Reality of It All--Realism in the American Story
Unit 11: Literacy: What's Your (Local) Color? Regionalism in the American Short Story
Unit 12: Literacy: Naturalism and Understanding Conflict in the American Short Story
Unit 13: Literacy: Figurative Language in the Poetry of Whitman & Dickinson
Unit 14: Literacy: "To Kill A Mockingbird" Collaborative Study
Unit 15: Literacy: "The Great Gatsby" Characterization, Style, and Visual Literacy
Unit 16: Literacy: The Theme of Nostalgia in Text and Film
Unit 17: Literacy: "A Raisin in the Sun": Understanding Drama
Unit 18: Cultural Literacy: Holiday Insights and American Traditions
Unit 19: Literary and Skills: Final Exam Reviews
Unit 20: Empty Folder
LESSON 1: "Rich Girls Don't Marry Poor Boys": The Connection Between Author and Text
LESSON 2: American Dreams and Money Nightmares: Themes in 'The Great Gatsby'
LESSON 3: Chapters 1 and 2, In Review: A Shared Class Discussion
LESSON 4: "I'm Inclined To Reserve All Judgments": Understanding Characterization Through Casting
LESSON 5: Comparative Literature I: Close Reading Chapter 1 in Detail
LESSON 6: Critical Viewing I: Chapter 1 in Detail
LESSON 7: "Town Tattles": Characterization Though Rumors
LESSON 8: Gatsby: Rumors, Characters, and Plot--A Midpoint Review
LESSON 9: Daisy and Gatsby Reunited: Exploring Character Interaction
LESSON 10: Comparative Filmography: Close Reading & Closer Viewing of "The Valley of Ashes"
LESSON 11: Critical Viewing II:Seeing Past The Gray of The Valley of Ashes
LESSON 12: Writer's Practice: Analysis of Close Reading & Critical Viewing
LESSON 13: Test Review: Playing "Jeopardy" to Review Story Elements
LESSON 14: The Dream Lives On: Reviewing & Exploring the American Dream in Literature
LESSON 15: Poetic Connections: Continuing to Explore the American Dream
LESSON 16: Passing Judgement: Evaluating Jay Gatsby
Introduction & Welcome: Happy St. Pat's!
Plot Review: Tying Everything Together.
Reading Day: Chapter 5 (And 6, If You're Feeling Motivated!)
Two-Minute Warning: Wrap-Up & Reminders
Gatsby: Rumors, Characters, and Plot--A Midpoint Review
SWBAT demonstrate how rumors about Jay Gatsby establish characterization, fuel suspense, and drive the plot by collaboratively creating a map of the plot.
As the plot of the novel is revealed, so is the deepening mystery of Jay Gatsby--let's make sense of the rumors surrounding him.
Christopher Arnett
plot line
Fictional Literature
RL.9-10.1
Cite strong and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.
Determine a theme or central idea of a text and analyze in detail its development over the course of the text, including how it emerges and is shaped and refined by specific details; provide an objective summary of the text.
Analyze how complex characters (e.g., those with multiple or conflicting motivations) develop over the course of a text, interact with other characters, and advance the plot or develop the theme.
RL.9-10.10
By the end of grade 9, read and comprehend literature, including stories, dramas, and poems, in the grades 9-10 text complexity band proficiently, with scaffolding as needed at the high end of the range. By the end of grade 10, read and comprehend literature, including stories, dramas, and poems, at the high end of the grades 9-10 text complexity band independently and proficiently.
SL.9-10.1a
Come to discussions prepared, having read and researched material under study; explicitly draw on that preparation by referring to evidence from texts and other research on the topic or issue to stimulate a thoughtful, well-reasoned exchange of ideas.
We open class with a welcome to St. Patrick's Day; as Chicagoans, from dying the river green to the parade, St. Patrick's Day is a tradition.
To get students thinking critically today, we start with today's "Monday Mindbender" brain teaser with the class, projecting it on the front of the board. A verbal/vocabulary puzzle, today's Monday Mindbender is copyright Mensa, and as such is not reproduced here. However, free brainteasers can be found at "A Daily Brainteaser."
Daily Holidays and Monday Mindbenders encourage a sense of student ownership and community in the classroom, and the Mindbenders nurture a bit of healthy competition as well. Students do take pride in correct answers, and provide teachable moments when they have incorrect answers.
welcome to St. Patrick's Day.MOV
Taking Stock: Reflecting on the Midpoint
Chapter 4 of "The Great Gatsby" is a major turning point in the novel, as Nick shifts from introducing the characters to the reunion of and developing relationship between Gatsby and Daisy.
Students are directed to take note of the plot map and our conversation today on the back of the Style Activity sheet they have been using as a bookmark (see the lesson, "'Rich Girls Don't Marry Poor Boys': The Connection Between Author and Text").
In order to explore the development of the idea of Gatsby and Daisy's relationship, how it emerges and the history of it is revealed over the course of the story, how small details build to their larger interactions, (RL.9-10.2) and its impact on them and the characters surrounding them (RL.9-10.3), I map the plot of the novel from Chapter 1 to 4 on the front whiteboard. The advancing plot slowly reveals more and more about their relationship and ultimately comes to a head as we find the "truth" from Jordan and Daisy and Gatsby get their fulfillment in Chapter 5.
To review the "Town Tattle" assignment, investigating the rumors surrounding Gatsby and their impact on our understanding of him, we review the specific rumors told about Gatsby students found in their reading in order to support (RL.9-10.1) and explore how these rumors about Gatsby connect to and advance the plot (RL.9-10.3). These videos encompass an extended conversation about rumors and their impact on plot.
As we review, students draw upon their reading and the rumors they have identified in order to stimulate a thoughtful conversation about characters and the plot of the first four chapters (SL.9-10.1a).
By presenting this information in an interactive mini-lecture, I can help ensure students are all "on the same page" in regards to the major events in the first four chapters, and how the characters interact.
Town Tattle Directions.docx
Rumors Advance the Plot
Review of the Rumors
Style Activity
"The Great Gatsby": Collaborative Plot Map
Expectations of Students: Time to Work at Their Own Pace
In order to ensure students are prepared for our next film comparison, and to provide them an opportunity to seek clarification if needed, they are given time in class today to independently read and tackle Chapter 5 of "The Great Gatsby."
As noted in the above video, time to read in class in order to exercise their independence and comprehension with minimal distractions. This time allows students, who often allow themselves to be distracted by their daily loves, to focus on the material at hand. This reading time also allows me to scaffold for individual students, as I can provide clarification and one-on-one conferencing as needed (RL.9-10.10).
As students read, they are asked to look for strong and thorough textual evidence to support their analysis of the novel (RL.9-10.1), by completing the Review Guide for Chapter 5.
As we move into reading the second half of the novel, students have been given the flexibility to work at their own pace; I have introduced each new chapter as they have been completing the previous one. As mentioned above, I have chosen to do this to demonstrate to the students that I trust their maturity and sense of responsibility, but also to call upon them to rise to the occasion and demonstrate that maturity and sense of responsibility.
Because the reunion between Gatsby and Daisy in Chapter 5 requires paying close attention to and making sense of the little details (such as Gatsby knocking into the clock, and when it is and is not raining), reading in class provides students with the chance to ask me for clarification if needed. As the students read, I circulate the room, offering clarification and focus if needed.
If students have completed Chapter 5, they are welcome to move on to Chapter 6.
05.0 Ch 5-6 Review Guide.docx
Reading Day.mp4
With two minutes remaining, students are asked to return to their regular seats. The class is reminded to complete through Chapter 6 tomorrow, and Chapter 7 for two days from now. As we have been reading the second half of the novel, students have been given the flexibility to work at their own pace; I have introduced each new chapter as they have been completing the previous one. As mentioned above, I have chosen to do this to demonstrate to the students that I trust their maturity and sense of responsibility, but also to call upon them to rise to the occasion and demonstrate that maturity and sense of responsibility.
Analyzing Poetry about Beliefs: Using FACE to Uncover the Mask (Day 1 of 2)
9th Grade ELA » Poetry Analysis
Donna Fletcher
Each Detail Matters: A Long Way Gone
10th Grade ELA » What It Means to be Human
Lindsay Thompson
Independence MO
Making Inferences about the Character of the Characters in "The Scarlet Ibis"
9th Grade ELA » The Search For Identity: "The Scarlet Ibis" Reading and Analysis
Paula Stanton, PhD
Bel Air MD
RL.9-10.1RL.9-10.2RL.9-10.3RL.9-10.10SL.9-10.1a


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Matúš Holenda (born 20 April 1995) is a Slovak professional ice hockey defenceman for HC '05 Banská Bystrica of the Slovak Extraliga.

Holenda began his career with his hometown team HK Dukla Trenčín and played 241 games for the team from 2012 to 2019. He also had loan spells with HK Trnava, HK Dukla Senica and HK 95 Panthers Považská Bystrica. On 8 August 2020 Holenda signed for HC Nové Zámky.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

International

References

External links

1995 births
Living people
HK Dukla Trenčín players
HC Nové Zámky players
HK 95 Panthers Považská Bystrica players
HK 91 Senica players
Slovak ice hockey defencemen
Sportspeople from Trenčín
HK Trnava players
HC '05 Banská Bystrica players

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The Arizona Private School Tuition Tax Credit Law, A.R.S. Section 43-1089, allows a single taxpayer to make a donation to ACSTO for up to $555 and a married couple filing jointly to donate up to $1110 for 2018, and receive a dollar-for-dollar tax credit against the taxpayer's Arizona state income tax.
In addition, Arizona signed the new Overflow (aka: PLUS or Switcher) tax credit into law in 2012 as A.R.S. 43-1089.03, allowing donors to receive credit for a contribution over and above the Original tax credit law. The Arizona taxpayer must first be able to donate the $1110 (married) or $555 (single) maximum for the Original tax credit in order to donate an additional amount to the Overflow/PLUS tax credit up to another $552/$1103.
Arizona Tax Credit is a school tuition organization which accepts donations for tuition assistance and awards scholarships 24 times a year to children so they can afford to attend an Arizona private school.
Whether you are a family seeking tuition assistance or a donor looking to support a child through financial contributions, Arizona Tax Credit helps bridge the gap from heart to hand. Make a difference in a student's life while also saving dollar for dollar on your Arizona state taxes today!
Education savings accounts (ESAs) allow parents to withdraw their children from public district or charter schools and receive a deposit of public funds into government-authorized savings accounts with restricted, but multiple, uses. Those funds—often distributed to families via debit card—can cover private school tuition and fees, online learning programs, private tutoring, community college costs, higher education expenses and other approved customized learning services and materials. Some ESAs, but not all, even allow students to use their funds to pay for a combination of public school courses and private services.