Cryptocurrency is a lot popular term these days and especially in the past few years, Crypto has gained a lot of significance among various people, institutions, banks, etc.
Everybody has heard about Cryptocurrency somewhere or the other and few of them may also be having knowledge about it. But the fact is that only some know about it in detail. Majorly everyone has limited knowledge in this area as it's new and a bit complicated field.
In today's article, we will be presenting a basic and brief guide on Cryptocurrency and investing in Crypto which will be fruitful for a beginner to kickoff well.
Cryptocurrency is the digital currency which utilizes cryptography for security. It separates it from the various regular and fiat currency on the basis that it's transparent, decentralized and has no control of government or any kind of financial institution on it. Everything takes place on blockchain and the transcations are monitored and verified through miners who take bitcoin as their charge in return.
Don't attach any feelings with investment and be ready to even lose it in certain cases. Understand the risks and set goals accordingly.
Learn to diversify your portfolio and don't end up sticking with fewer things only.
Analyze the white paper elements carefully.
Don't lose your patience in the journey.
Lastly, do your own research and don't just rely upon the media headlines.
1) The first step is to generate wallets and for that you can setup a MyEtherWallet (MEW) or you can set it up via The Bitcoin Code.It's totally free of cost and is also open source. Directly visit their official web page for a quick walkthrough.
2) The next step is to involve in purchasing Litecoin (LTC), Ethereum (ETH) or Bitcoin (BTC). Purchase what's best for you and for that you can checkout corners like Coinbase, Coinsquare, etc.
3) Register yourself on some good exchanges and for that you can consider from Hitbtc, Binance, and Kucoin.
4) The exchanges would prompt you to have 2 factor authentication. We recommend you to perform this step for sure as it keeps your account safe from hackers. Google Authenticator can be a wise option that you can try!
5) It's time to transfer your Ethereum (ETH). To perform the transfer to any other place or wallet, you need to get the ETH wallet address. In simple language, it's like transfer of amount from one bank account to another bank account. Every wallet or exchange would have its own unique address.
6) Lastly, just exchange your ETH for the digital coin that you desire for.
We hope that the article would have given you a basic knowledge on Cryptocurrency and its Investing. If you would like to check out prices or make sured decisions then you could checkout the tool named coinmarketcap. It's a helpful tool which would be beneficial in the starting of your journey. Till then, share the post and we would be back with more of guides on Cryptocurrency.


Very slender and elegant, these are perfect for inserts and transient coupon cards. Printed full color with metallic ink on both sides (back side is optional) 10PT Matte cardboard. 1/8 Rounded Corners. See sellers' descriptions for further details.


Pure Peruvian pima in our signature textured slub jersey.
Luxe modal with a hint of stretch in our form-flattering micro-rib knit.
Pure Peruvian pima in our ultra-fine luxe jersey.
Casual tri-blend jersey with a soft, cozy feel.


Transmission Jack Can Support Greater Weight - Zhejiang Yipeng Machinery Co.,Ltd.
Perhaps the standard transmission jack is all the tools needed to seriously repair the various vehicles. These flexible multi-purpose lifting systems have many uses and are essential for a variety of repair and maintenance operations.
Unlike traditional jacks, use the chassis or shaft to raise the vehicle, the transmission jack is in the center position to remove the transmission. Typically, the process of removing a transmission or gearbox from the vehicle begins by positioning the drive jack under the box. And then raised to bear the weight of the gearbox so that it can be safely separated from the engine block. Once this is achieved, you can lift it up with a jack to completely remove the gearbox that is ready for service.
There are many different styles and models of transmission jacks available, although their purpose is the same, different versions are designed for different types of vehicles. Most cars and light trucks have a very light drive system connected to the engine block. These can usually be handled at rated capacity of up to 1000 lb of transmission jacks. For larger work, need heavy duty jacks. If your shop handles a large number of trucks and large vehicles, then you will need a more powerful jack to support the heavier weight of the gearbox and gearbox in larger vehicles.
The actual cost of the transmission jack will vary depending on the quality level, the loadable weight, and the manufacturer, and because there are so many different options on the market, you can easily find any type you need. Choose transmission jacks to consider two factors. One is weight and other built-in security mechanisms, including stability and mobility options. It must be able to support the weight of the vehicle drive system. A socket with a wide leg base helps to keep its stability, and roll down can be easily deployed. In order to quickly and accurately raise the vehicle, you may also consider using an air-assisted or hydraulic drive jack.


Netknots :: What is the one best fishing knot to tie on a hook, fly or lure?
What is the one best fishing knot to tie on a hook, fly or lure?
The short answer is the Palomar Knot, but I suggest you keep reading. We have over a dozen knots on this site just for tying on terminal tackle. The Knot Cards we sell have from 3 to 6 terminal tackle knots. So, why all these knots if you only need a Palomar?
OK, let's talk about the Palomar. Pros: Easy to tie, easy to remember, it is one of the few knots that works well in all materials (mono, fluoro and braid), works in a Drop Shot Rig, and STRONG. This knot is one of the top 3 terminal tackle knots in terms of reliability, if not the top knot, depending on the test. It will not fail you. Cons: It takes more line to tie, which can be an issue if tying a fly onto tapered leader, hard to thread the line two times through very small hook eyes.


text:
The following are a selection of the exhibitions that I have curated in the past decade.
Click on the image for more detail of the exhibition and for comments by visitors.
Julius Olsson Moonlight, St Ives Bay
'Compass'd by the inviolate sea'
- Marine Painting in Cornwall from Turner to Alfred Wallis
Exhibition at Penlee House Gallery & Museum, Penzance - 18th June to 3rd September 2016
This exhibition aims to showcase not only the wide range of artists from around the world that have been inspired by the Cornish coast, but also the wide variety of styles that they have employed. In the first half of the nineteenth century, artists, such as J.M.W.Turner, painted Romanticist vistas. By mid-century, a number of artists were following the lead of James Clarke Hooke in producing what became known as 'Hookscapes' - paintings of the Cornish coast featuring sentimentalised rustic characters. In the 1870s and 1880s, aided by photography and influenced by the Pre-Raphaelites, artists, such as Henry Moore and John Brett, sought greater realism, often recording incredibly intricate detail. Under the influence of the Aesthetic movement in the 1890s, this approach became derided, as artists produced what were termed lyrical or idealistic paintings, which sought to promote their own individual visions, evoking a mood or poetic associations. There was also a movement led by artists, such as Julius Olsson, to champion the pure seascape, devoid of any narrative elements. By 1910, artists had become more interested in the impact on emotions of heightened colour, so that colour became less subservient to form. Then, in the 1930s, the principal focus was on decoration. Finally, the naive paintings of Alfred Wallis, in which he abandoned proportion or perspective and puit together an assembly of forms, became the touchstone for the approach of modernist painters.
Cornish Light - The Nottingham 1894 Exhibition Revisited
Touring exhibition :
Nottingham Castle Museum 3rd April - 7th June 2015, and
Penlee House Gallery & Museum, Penzance 20th June - 5th September 2015
I have called the Cornish Artists Special Exhibition at Nottingham in 1894 "the greatest exhibition of Cornish art that there ever has been and ever will be" because it contained over 230 major canvases from the initial decade of the art colonies at Newlyn, St Ives and Falmouth. Organised at the peak of the reputation of the first group of Newlyn artists and just as the St Ives marine and landscape painters were coming to the fore, with Hemy and Tuke representing Falmouth, it contained a fascinating blend of work.
The 2015 exhibition, of necessity much smaller, seeks to recapture this blend, and the accompanying catalogue, most of which I have written, will have detailed extracts from the speeches, the reviews and the artists' letters which all form part of Nottingham Castle's fascinating archive relating to the show.
Julius Olsson A Song of the Sea (Worcester Art Gallery)
A Song of the Sea - The St Ives Schools of Landscape and Marine Painting
Exhibition at Worcester Art Gallery - 8th February to 26th April 2014
This exhibition highlights how, in the period prior to 1914, the art colony at St Ives gained a worldwide reputation as a centre for both the practice and teaching of landscape and marine painting. In particular, the Schools of Painting at St Ives were unique, firstly, for concentrating almost exclusively on landscape and marine painting, and, secondly, for insisting that students worked out of doors, whenever weather conditions permitted. In an era when painting en plein air was in vogue, the ability to learn in an outdoor setting how to combat all the problems involved was crucial.
In addition to featuring major works by the leading teachers, such as Adrian Stokes, Julius Olsson, Algernon Talmage and Louis Grier, the exhibition includes not only examples of work done by some of the many British students, who flocked to the Schools from other art schools, such as the Slade, Liverpool, Birkenhead, Bushey, Bristol etc., but also from America, Canada, and Australia. Many of these students went on to become the leading marine painters of the next generation both here and abroad. This exhibition is the first time that this story has been told and the international influence of these Schools of Painting highlighted.
A Century of St Ives Art 1840-1940
Exhibition at Royal Cornwall Museum, Truro - November 2012 - November 2013
An exhibition bringing together works by some of the leading artists associated with St Ives both before and after the formation of the colony in 1885. In particular, it showcases the colony as both a national and international centre for the practice and teaching of landscape and marine painting.
Artists featured include Adrian Stokes RA, Julius Olsson RA, James Clarke Hook RA, Terrick Williams RA, William Titcomb, Arthur Meade, Borlase Smart, John Park, Arthur Hayward, Dorothea Sharp, William Lee Hankey, John Mogford, as well as the Americans Elmer Schofield NA, Frederick Waugh NA, Paul Dougherty NA and the Australians Sir William Ashton, Charles Bryant and Richard Hayley Lever.
Exhibition at Penlee House Gallery & Museum, Penzance from 10th September 2010 to 20th November 2010
Artists featured included Christopher Wood, Alfred Wallis, Charles Simpson, John Park, Borlase Smart, Moffat Lindner, Arthur Meade, Fred Milner, Arthur Hayward, George Bradshaw, the New Zealander Frances Hodgkins, the Australian Sydney Long, the Canadian Donald Shaw MacLaughlin, the Belgians Emile Fabry and Louis Reckelbus, and the Americans Paul Dougherty, Guy Carleton Wiggins and Henry Bayley Snell. There were also pots by Bernard Leach, Shoji Hamada and Michael Cardew and paintings and textile designs by Alec Walker.
My book Sea Change - Fine and Decorative Art in St Ives 1914-1930 was published to accompany the exhibition.
Picturing the West
Exhibition at Tate St Ives from 24th May to 21st September 2008
(curated with Sara Hughes of Tate St Ives)
Artists featured include J M W Turner RA, Edward Cooke RA, James Clarke Hook RA, Henry Moore RA, John Brett ARA, J M Whistler, Walter Sickert, Mortimer Menpes, Stanhope Forbes RA, Adrian Stokes RA, Marianne Stokes, the Swede Anders Zorn, the Finn Helene Schjerfbeck and the Frenchman Émile-Louis Vernier, who has been described as "the person who really discovered St Ives".
My book St Ives art pre-1890 - The Dawn of the Colony was published to accompany the exhibition.
Lyrical Light
Exhibition at Penlee House Gallery & Museum, Penzance from 14th June 2008 to 13th September 2008
Artists featured include Sir John Arnesby Brown RA, Sir Alfred East RA, Adrian Stokes RA, Julius Olsson RA, Algernon Talmage RA, William and Jessie Titcomb, Marianne Stokes, Arthur Meade, John Noble Barlow, Moffat Lindner, Edmund Fuller, Louis Grier, William Fortescue, William Eadie, John Bromley, Charles Mottram, Alfred Hartley, the American Sydney Mortimer Laurence, and the Australians Richard Hayley Lever and Sir William Ashton.
My book Pioneers of St Ives Art at Home and Abroad 1889-1914 was published to accompany the exhibition.
Creating A Splash : The St Ives Society of Artists - The First 25 Years (1927-1952)
The Exhibition commenced at Penlee House Gallery & Museum, Penzance on 21st July 2003 and toured the Usher Art Gallery, Lincoln, Doncaster Museum and Art Gallery, Hereford City Museum and Art Gallery, Sunderland Museum and Art Gallery and Newport Museum and Art Gallery before finishing on 10th July 2004
Artists featured included the Royal Academicians Adrian Stokes, Sir John Arnesby Brown, Julius Olsson, Algernon Talmage, Terrick Williams, Stanhope Forbes, Lamorna Birch, Dame Laura Knight, Dod Procter, Sir Frank Brangwyn and Bernard Fleetwood-Walker, with Borlase Smart, George Bradshaw, Moffat Lindner, John Park, Arthur Hayward, Bernard Ninnes, Thomas Maidment, Leonard Richmond, Leonard Fuller and the American Elmer Schofield, as well as the further women artists Mary McCrossan, Dorothea Sharp, Helen Stuart Weir, Marcella Smith, Pauline Hewitt, Eleanor Hughes, Helen Seddon, Shearer Armstrong, Annie Walke and Marion Hocken, the Newlyn and Lamorna artists Charles Simpson, Harold Harvey, Stanley Gardiner and Frank Gascoigne Heath, the etchers Sydney Lee RA, Alfred Hartley, Job Nixon, Sir Claude Francis Barry, Geoffrey Garnier, William Westley Manning and Raymond Ray-Jones and the modernists Ben Nicholson, Barbara Hepworth, Peter Lanyon, Wilhelmina Barns-Graham and Sir Terry Frost.
My book Creating A Splash - The St Ives Society of Artists - The First 25 years (1927-1952) was published to accompany the exhibition. This has now SOLD OUT.
W H Y Titcomb - A Newlyner from St Ives
Exhibition at Penlee House Gallery & Museum, Penzance from 12th April to 7th June 2003
In addition to the work of William Titcomb, the exhibition also featured paintings by his wife, Jessie Ada Titcomb, and his brother, John Henry Titcomb.
My two-part biography of my great-grandfather, William Titcomb, was published to accompany the exhibition.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
\section{Introduction}
In the past years, alloys showing spin-glass (SG) behaviour have been widely pursued in order to study exchange bias effect, slow dynamics, memory effect, aging effect etc.\cite{Fisher1991Book,Mydosh1993Book,Binder1986RMP,Weissman1993RMP,Jonason1998PRL,Fisher1988PRB,Karmakar2008PRB,Chatterjee2009PRB}
SG is basically a disordered ground state where the spins are frozen along arbitrary direction, below a critical temperature. It is commonly believed that SG appears in systems where magnetic long-range-ordering (LRO) is disturbed by site disorder and magnetic frustration.\cite{Binder1986RMP,Mydosh1993Book} Examples of such systems include metallic SGs where magnetic impurities are randomly diluted in a nobel metal, geometrically frustrated lattices where lattice topology precludes the minimization of energy, systems frustrated due to competing antiferromagnetic (AFM) and ferromagnetic (FM) interactions or competing nearest neighbour and next nearest neighbour interactions etc.\cite{Souletie1978JP,Gardner2010RMP} SG-like non-equilibrium dynamics has been observed in several systems where the basic building blocks responsible for the glassy behaviour are bigger spin entities, rather than individual spins, referred as "spin-clusters". Such systems are often characterized by slow dynamics, similar to the classical SGs.
Despite an extensive study on SGs, a consensus about the ground state and dynamics in these systems is still lacking.
Here, we report the magnetic studies on the diluted alloy Cr$_{0.5}$Fe$_{0.5}$Ga which exhibits features that are reminiscent of cluster SG.

The iso-structural alloys CrGa and FeGa crystallize in a Cr$_5$Al$_8$-type rhombohedral structure (space group $R\bar{3}m$) with lattice constants [$ a = 12.625 (8) $~\text{\AA} and $ c = 7.785 (10) $~\text{\AA}] and [$ a = 12.4368 (11) $~\text{\AA} and $ c = 7.7642 (10) $~\text{\AA}], respectively.\cite{Gourdon2004IC} In the unit cell, both Ga and Cr/Fe occupy three inequivalent sites each. They form two types of icosahedra: one is Ga-centered and the other one is Cr/Fe-centered which are alternating along the crystallographic $c$-direction forming chains. Magnetic susceptibility of CrGa is almost temperature independent while for FeGa, it shows a peak at $\sim42$~K and a broad maximum at $\sim$135~K. Band structure calculations predict weak AFM and dominant FM exchange couplings for CrGa and FeGa, respectively.\cite{Gourdon2004IC}
Therefore, substitution of Fe at the Cr site in CrGa can alter the AFM interaction among the Cr atoms and induce different magnetic states. Ko $ et~al $ tried to synthesize Cr$_{1-x}$Fe$_x$Ga for different values of $x$ but they succeeded to synthesize phase pure sample only for $x=0.5$.\cite{Ko2010IC} Neutron powder diffraction on Cr$_{0.5}$Fe$_{0.5}$Ga revealed average composition of the powder sample to be Cr$_{0.515}$Fe$_{0.485}$Ga with lattice constants $ a = 12.5448 (4) $~\text{\AA} and $ c = 7.8557 (2)$~\text{\AA} at room temperature and partial ordering of Cr and Fe atoms among three crystallographic sites. In particular, the Cr and Fe atoms occupy three inequivalent sites: M1(3b), M2(18h), and M3(18h). The refined site occupancies for Cr/Fe are 0.587/0.413, 0.636/0.364, and 0.383/0.617, respectively. Preliminary magnetization measurements suggest the onset of a magnetic ordering at $T\simeq 25$~K. Subsequent theoretical calculations indicated that the Fe-Fe and Cr-Fe interactions are FM and AFM, respectively with an overall ferrimagnetic ordering at low temperature.\cite{Ko2010IC} However, a clear understanding of the ground state properties of this alloy requires a detailed experimental investigation which is not yet done.

In this work, we carried out a comprehensive study of the structural and magnetic properties of Cr$_{0.5}$Fe$_{0.5}$Ga. The 50 \% Fe substitution at the Cr site induces atomic disorder in the lattice, preserving the original crystal structure. It is found to be a magnetically frustrated system which undergoes a SG transition at low temperatures. The DC magnetization along with the AC susceptibility data render the system a cluster SG-type. Finally, the magnetic memory effect in the system has been demonstrated by the magnetic relaxation and memory effect measurements.

\section{Experimental details}
Polycrystalline Cr$_{0.5}$Fe$_{0.5}$Ga sample was synthesized by the conventional solid state reaction technique, taking the constituent elements in the desired stoichiometry. The elements (Fe, Cr, and Ga) used here are of high pure (99.99\%) obtained from Sigma Aldrich. The stoichiometric amounts were sealed in a quartz tube in Ar atmosphere. The ampoule was first heated at $1050~^0$C for 3~days and then at $850~^{0}$C for 5~days. The powder x-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements were carried out (PANalytical powder diffractometer with Cu$K_\alpha$ radiation) as a function of temperature using a low temperature attachment (Oxford Phenix). DC and AC magnetization ($M$) measurements were performed using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) attachment to the physical property measurement system (PPMS, Quantum Design). Heat capacity ($C_{\rm p}$) was measured using the heat capacity option in the PPMS, adopting the relaxation technique.

\section{Results and discussion}
\subsection{X-ray Diffraction}
\begin{figure}[t!]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=\linewidth,height=\linewidth]{Fig1}
	\caption{Rietveld refinement of the x-ray diffraction pattern of Cr$_{0.5}$Fe$_{0.5}$Ga at $T=300$~K (upper panel) and $T=15$~K (lower panel), respectively. The open circles and solid lines are the observed and calculated patterns, respectively. The Bragg positions are indicated by ticks. Solid line at the bottom represents the difference between the observed and calculated intensities.}
	\label{Fig1}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[t!]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=\linewidth,height=\linewidth]{Fig2}
	\caption{Variation of lattice constants ($a$ and $b$) and unit cell volume ($V_{\rm cell}$) with temperature for Cr$_{0.5}$Fe$_{0.5}$Ga. The solid line represents the fit of $V_{\rm cell}(T)$ using Eq.~(\ref{VcellvsT}).}
	\label{Fig2}
\end{figure}
In order to confirm the phase purity and to detect the structural transition, if any, powder XRD was measured at different temperatures. Rietveld refinement of the XRD pattern was carried out using the FULLPROF package.\cite{Rodriguez1993PhysicaB} The initial structural parameters for this purpose were taken from Ref.~[\onlinecite {Gourdon2004IC}]. Figure~\ref{Fig1} shows the Rietveld refinement of the powder XRD pattern at 300~K and 15~K. A good fitting of the room temperature data with a reduced value of goodness-of-fit ($ \chi^{2} \simeq 2.8$) suggests that the sample is phase pure. The obtained lattice constants at room temperature are $ a = 12.544 (4) $~\text{\AA} and $ c = 7.853 (2) $~\text{\AA} which are consistent with the previous report.\cite{Ko2010IC} Figure~\ref{Fig2} displays the temperature variation of lattice constants and unit cell volume ($V_{\rm cell}$). No structural transition was observed down to 15~K and the lattice constants and $V_{\rm cell}$ were found to decrease systematically with decreasing temperature. The temperature variation of $V_{\rm cell}$ was fitted by the equation\cite{Pakhira2016PRB}
\begin{equation}
V(T)=\gamma U(T)/K_0+V_0,
\label{VcellvsT}
\end{equation}
where $V_0$ is the cell volume at $T = 0$~K, $K_0$ is the bulk modulus, and $\gamma$ is the Gr$\ddot{\rm u}$neisen parameter. $U(T)$ is the internal energy which can be expressed in terms of the Debye approximation as,
\begin{equation}
U(T)=9pk_{\rm B}T\left(\frac{T}{\theta_{\rm D}}\right)^3\int_{0}^{\theta_{\rm D}/T}\dfrac{x^3}{e^x-1}dx.
\end{equation}
Here, $p$ is the number of atoms in the specimen and $k_{\rm B}$ is the Boltzmann constant. Using this approximation (see the fit in the lower panel of Fig.~\ref{Fig2}), the Debye temperature ($\theta_{\rm D}$) for Cr$_{0.5}$Fe$_{0.5}$Ga was estimated to be $\theta_{\rm D} \simeq 350$~K.

\subsection{DC Magnetization}
 \begin{figure}[t!]
 	\centering
 	\includegraphics[width=\linewidth,height=0.9\linewidth]{Fig3}
 	\caption{Temperature dependent DC susceptibility $\chi(T)$ measured under different applied fields for ZFC and FC protocols. The arrows point to $T_{\rm f}$. Inset: the variation of $T_{\rm f}$ with $H$. The solid line represents the fit using Eq.~(\ref{Eq_TfvsH})}
 	\label{Fig3}
 \end{figure}
Figure~\ref{Fig3} presents the temperature dependent DC susceptibility, $\chi(T)~(\equiv M/H)$ measured in different applied fields, during heating after zero-field-cooled (ZFC) and field-cooled (FC) conditions. For $H=0.02$~T, both ZFC and FC data show a broad peak and a bifurcation at the same temperature possibly suggesting a glass transition around 22~K. The temperature at which the bifurcation occurs is called the freezing temperature, denoted as $T_{\rm f}$. In order to elucidate the nature of the transition, we measured $\chi(T)$ at different applied fields for ZFC and FC protocols. As the field increases, the absolute value of $\chi$ decreases systematically and the ZFC data develop a plateau with two broad edges on either side. The low temperature edge corresponding to $T_{\rm f}$ shifts towards lower temperatures while the edge at the high temperature side shifts towards higher temperatures. Furthermore, the difference between ZFC and FC curves ($\Delta \chi$) at low temperatures decreases with increasing magnetic field. The shifting of $T_{\rm f}$ towards lower temperatures and the reduction in $\Delta\chi$ indicate the frozen spin-glass (SG) state below $T_{\rm f}$.\cite{Binder1986RMP} For the field above 3~T, $T_{\rm f}$ is suppressed below 2~K and hence not detectable. The shifting of high temperature edge towards high temperatures with field appears to be due to the onset of a magnetic LRO. However, our heat capacity measurement (discussed later) rules out any magnetic ordering at this temperature. The overall behaviour of $\chi(T)$ is nearly similar to that reported for SG compound U$_2$PdSi$_3$.\cite{Li1998PRB}

\begin{figure}[t!]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=\linewidth,height=\linewidth]{Fig4}
	\caption{$1/\chi$ vs $T$ measured at $H=0.02$~T and the solid line is the CW fit for $T>50$~K. Inset: Isothermal magnetization $M(H)$ curves at $T=2$~K and 100~K.}
	\label{Fig4}
\end{figure}
Magnetic isotherm [$M(H)$] measurements were also performed at different temperatures (inset of Fig.~\ref{Fig4}). At high temperatures, $M(H)$ is nearly straight line, as expected in the paramagnetic (PM) region. With decreasing temperature, it develops a curvature which is more pronounced at low temperatures. At the lowest measured temperature of $T=2$~K, it shows a small hysteresis with a coercive field of $\sim 200$~Oe.
However, the value of magnetization even at 9~T (not shown) is much less than the saturation value expected for this alloy. A weak hysteresis and the reduced value of magnetization at 9~T exclude the possibility of a FM/ferrimagnetic transition and establishes low temperature SG behaviour of the compound.\cite{Binder1986RMP,Malinowski2011PRB}

As shown in Fig.~\ref{Fig4}, the inverse susceptibility $1/\chi$ (measured at $H=0.02$~T) in the high temperature regime ($T>50$~K) is fitted by the Curie-Wiess (CW) law
\begin{equation}
\chi = \frac{C}{T - \theta_{\rm{CW}}},
\end{equation}
where $ C $ and $ \theta_{\rm{CW}} $ represent the Curie constant and CW temperature, respectively. The obtained values are $C\simeq1.2~$cm$^3$K/mol and $ \theta_{\rm{CW}}\simeq-5$~K. The negative value of $ \theta_{\rm{CW}}$ signifies the presence of dominant AFM interaction in the system. From the value of $C$, the effective magnetic moment $\mu_{\rm eff}$ (= $\sqrt{3k_{\rm{B}}C/N_{\rm{A}}}$, where $N_{\rm A}$ is the Avogadro's number) was calculated to be $\sim 3.1 \mu_{\rm{B}} $.
In spin systems, according to the mean-field theory $\theta_{\rm {CW}}$ represents the sum of all the exchange couplings. Our estimated value of $\theta_{\rm {CW}}$ is much smaller compared to $T_{\rm f}$, which possibly reflects that the system is frustrated due to competing AFM and FM interactions,\cite{Nath2008PRB} as anticipated from the previous theoretical calculations.\cite{Ko2010IC} In addition to the magnetic site disorder, this competing interactions is also responsible for the low temperature SG behaviour of the system.

The variation of $T_{\rm f}$ with $H$ in the low field region is presented in the inset of Fig.~\ref{Fig3}. It decreases systematically with increasing field, consistent with the SG transition. In the $H-T$ phase diagram for SG systems, typically, two irreversible lines are observed: Gabay-Toulouse (GT) line ($T_f \propto H^2$) and de Almeida-Thouless (AT) line.\cite{Gabay1981PRL,Ameida1978JPA} The AT line marks the PM to SG transition which is usually observed for Ising spin systems. On the other hand, in the case of Heisenberg spin systems, both the lines are expected. In the strong anisotropy (strong irreversibility) regime, the system is Ising-type and the line follows AT character whereas in the weak anisotropy regime, the line corresponds to GT line.
A quantitative difference is expected in the behavior of AT line in the mean-field and non-mean-field scenarios. According to the non-mean-field scaling theory, the variation of $T_{\rm f}$ with $H$ in the low field region follows\cite{Malozemoff1983PRL}
\begin{equation}
T_{\rm f}(H)=T_{\rm f}(0)(1-AH^{2/\Phi}),
\label{Eq_TfvsH}
\end{equation}
where $A$ is the amplitude, $T_{\rm f}(0)$ is the value of $T_{\rm f}$ in the absence of a magnetic field, and $\Phi$ is the crossover exponent. In the mean-field model it has a value $\Phi = 3$. In our system, only one irreversible line was observed which could be fitted by Eq.~(\ref{Eq_TfvsH}). As shown in the inset of Fig.~\ref{Fig3}, the best fit was obtained for $H<1$~T with $T_{\rm f}(0)\simeq 20.7$~K and $\Phi \simeq 3.8$. This value of $\Phi$ is larger than the one expected for the AT line with mean-field instability.\cite{Ameida1978JPA} In several cluster SG systems such as Nd$_2$AgIn$_3$(Ref.~\onlinecite{Li2001APL}), U$_2$IrSi$_3$ (Ref.~\onlinecite{Li2003PRB}), Zn$_3$V$_3$O$_8$ (Ref.~\onlinecite{Chakrabarty2014JPCM}), Nd$_5$Ge$_3$ (Ref.~\onlinecite{Maji2011JPCM}), LiMn$_2$O$_4$ (Ref.~\onlinecite{Zhang2018PRB}) etc, the authors have reported a mean-field type behaviour.\footnote{In these experimental papers the authors have force-fitted their data to a mean-field model rather than attempting a more general non-mean-field type model.} An analysis (reported in Ref.~\onlinecite{Barbara1981PRL,Dieny1986PRL}) in terms of non-mean-field model [Eq.~(\ref{Eq_TfvsH})] on a group of SG systems resulted a large variation of $\Phi$ from 5 for canonical Heisenberg SG system MnCu to 3.2 for random-anisotropy SG system $a$-DyNi, suggesting that they all donot belong to the same universality class. This model has also been tested on other SG systems which produce a non-mean-field type exponent.\cite{Tabata2017PRB,Shand2010PRB,Wang2004PRB} The obtained value of $\Phi \simeq 3.8$ for our system falls in the intermediate range, reflecting either a different universality class or role of dominant anisotropy in the system.

\begin{figure}[t!]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=\linewidth,height=\linewidth]{Fig5}
	\caption{Temperature dependent heat capacity $C_{\rm p}$ in the absence of magnetic field between 2~K and 250~K. Lower inset: $C_{\rm p}/T$ vs $T^2$. Upper inset: $C_{\rm p}$ vs $T$ in the low temperatures regime and solid line is the fit in the temperature range 2 to 10~K, as described in the text.}
	\label{Fig5}
\end{figure}
\subsection{Heat Capacity}
Figure~\ref{Fig5} shows the temperature dependent $C_{\rm p}$ in the absence of magnetic field. No anomaly associated with the magnetic LRO was observed down to 2~K.
The value of $C_{\rm p}$ at $T = 250$~K is about 48.2~J/mol-K which is close to the expected Dulong-Petit value $C_{\rm v}=3mR=6R=49.8$~J/mol~K, where $R$ is the gas constant and $m$ is the number of atoms per formula unit.
In an attempt to check whether one can fit the data in the low temperature region by $C_{\rm p}(T) = \gamma T+ \beta T^3$, $C_{\rm p}/T$ vs $T^2$ is plotted in the lower inset of Fig.~\ref{Fig5}. Here, $\gamma$ is the Sommerfeld coefficient which represents the electronic contribution and $\beta$ represents the lattice contribution. It clearly shows a non-linear behaviour. However, the low temperature $C_{\rm p}$ data could be fitted well by adding a magnetic term $\delta T^{3/2}$ in $C_{\rm p} = \gamma T + \beta T^3$ i.e. $C_{\rm p} = \gamma T + \beta T^3 +\delta T^{3/2}$ where $\delta$ is the co-efficient of $T^{3/2}$.\cite{Anand2012PRB} A $T^{3/2}$ term in $C_{\rm p}$ is typical for SG and FM systems.\cite{Gopal2012Book} The best fit of the data in the temperature range $2-10$~K (upper inset of Fig.~\ref{Fig5}) yields $\gamma \simeq $~29~mJ/mol~K$^2$, $\beta \simeq$~0.072~mJ/mol~K$^4$, and $\delta \simeq 0.7$~mJ/mol~K$^{5/2}$. From the values of $\beta$, one can calculate the Debye temperature ($\theta_{\rm D}$) using the standard expression $\theta_{\rm D} = (12\pi^4 mR/5\beta)^{1/3}$. The value of $\theta_{\rm D}$ is calculated to be $\sim 377$~K which is close to the value obtained from the $V_{\rm cell}$ vs $T$ analysis. A large value of $\gamma$ is reported for several cluster SG systems but the effect of disorder on the density of states is not yet understood.\cite{Anand2012PRB,Li1998PRB,Tien2000PRB}

\subsection{AC Susceptibility}
\begin{figure}[t!]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=\linewidth,height=1.4\linewidth]{Fig6}
	\caption{Real part of the AC susceptibility [$\chi'(T)$] measured at different frequencies ($\nu$) and at an AC field $H_{\rm AC}=5$~Oe. The solid downward arrow points to the peak shift. Lower panel: $\chi'(T)$ measured at different DC applied fields, fixing $\nu = 200$~Hz and $H_{\rm AC} = 5$~Oe. The dotted downward arrow guides the peak position. Inset: the variation of $T_{\rm f}$ with $H$. The solid line represents the fit using Eq.~(\ref{Eq_TfvsH}).}
	\label{Fig6}
\end{figure}
In order to understand the underlying nature of the transition and to study the dynamics of the SG state, AC susceptibility was measured at different frequencies ($\nu$) and at a fixed excitation field of $H_{\rm AC}=5$~Oe, after cooling the sample in zero field. The real part of the AC susceptibility ($\chi'$) as a function of temperature is plotted in the upper panel of Fig.~\ref{Fig6}. It exhibits a pronounced anomaly at around $22.5$~K (for $\nu = 200$~Hz) which is found to be frequency dependent. The peak position shifts towards higher temperatures and the height of the peak decreases with increasing $\nu$, consistent with a glassy transition with freezing temperature $T_{\rm f}\simeq 22.5$~K. AC susceptibility was also measured under different DC fields ($H_{DC}$) fixing the AC excitation at $H_{\rm AC} = 5$~Oe and $\nu = 200$~Hz. As one can see in the lower panel of Fig.~\ref{Fig6}, the peak at $T_{\rm f}\simeq22.5$~K in zero-field transforms into a broad shoulder like shape when $H_{\rm DC}$ is applied, similar to the DC susceptibility data. With increasing $H_{\rm DC}$, the low temperature edge ($T_{\rm f}$) moves towards low temperatures, further supporting the SG transition.
The variation of $T_{\rm f}$ with $H$ could also be fitted well using Eq.~\eqref{Eq_TfvsH} (see the inset of Fig.~\ref{Fig6}) which yields $T_{\rm f} (0)\simeq 22.7$~K and $\Phi \simeq 3.6$. The obtained value of $\Phi$ again reflects the de Almeida-Thouless line with non-mean-field instability.

\begin{figure}[t!]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=\linewidth,height=1.2\linewidth]{Fig7}
	\caption{Upper panel: $\chi'(T)$ measured at different frequencies ($\nu$) at a fixed DC field $H_{\rm DC}=0.25$~T and at a fixed AC field $H_{\rm AC} = 5$~Oe. Lower left panel: log$ (\tau $) vs log$(T_{\rm f}/T_{\rm g}-1)$ for $H_{\rm DC}=0$ and 0.25~T. The solid lines represent the fits using Eq.~(\ref{powerlawM}). Lower right panel: $ T_{\rm f} $ vs 1/ln($ \nu_{0}/ \nu $) for $H_{\rm DC}=0$ and 0.25~T. The solid lines represent the fits using Eq.~(\ref{VFequationM}).}
	\label{Fig7}
\end{figure}
For the sake of completeness, we measured AC susceptibility at different frequencies for a fixed DC field of 0.25~T and a fixed AC field of 5~Oe. As shown in the upper panel of Fig.~\ref{Fig7}, $\chi'$ manifests a peak at $T_{\rm f}$ which moves towards high temperatures and the magnitude of $\chi'$ decreases with increasing frequency. The increase in $T_{\rm f}$ with $\nu$ again supports the SG behavior of the system.

The relative shift in freezing temperature ($\delta T_{\rm f}$) per decade of frequency is often used as a parameter to compare different SG systems. We calculated this parameter using the relation\cite{Mydosh1993Book,Mulder1982PRB}
\begin{equation}
\delta T_{\rm{f}} = \dfrac{\Delta T_{\rm{f}}}{T_{\rm{f}}\Delta (\log \nu)},
\label{relshift}
\end{equation}
where $\Delta T_{\rm f}=(T_{\rm f})_{\nu_1}-(T_{\rm f})_{\nu_2}$ and $\Delta$log($\nu$) = log($\nu_1$) - log($\nu_2$). $\delta T_{\rm{f}}$ is also known as the Mydosh parameter.\cite{Mydosh2015RPP} For this purpose, two outermost frequencies, $\nu_1=200$~Hz and $\nu_2=10$~kHz were employed. For our system, this value is calculated to be $\delta T_{\rm f} \simeq0.017$, using the data shown in the upper panel of Fig.~\ref{Fig7}. It is about an order of magnitude larger than the values reported for canonical SG systems such as AuMn ($ \delta T_{\rm f} = 0.0045$)\cite{Mulder1982PRB} and CuMn ($ \delta T_{\rm f} = 0.005$)\cite{Mydosh1993Book} and one order of magnitude smaller than what is expected for superparamagnets (e.g. for the ideal non-interacting superparamagnetic system $ \alpha $-[Ho$ _{2} $O$ _{3} $(B$ _{2} $O$ _{3} $)], $ \delta T_{\rm f} \simeq 0.28$).\cite{Mydosh1993Book} In fact, this value is in the range usually observed for cluster SG, categorizing our system as a cluster-SG type.\cite{Mydosh1993Book,Li2001APL,Chakrabarty2014JPCM,Anand2012PRB,Maji2011JPCM,Zhang2018PRB} The value of $\delta T_{\rm f}$ essentially reflects the response or sensitivity to frequency which strongly depends on the interaction between the underlying entities. In case of magnetic clusters, the interactions between the clusters are weak and hence the sensitivity is stronger. On the other hand, in normal magnets where the interaction between magnetic ions is strong, a very large frequency is required to see any significant shift in AC susceptibility.

\begin{table*}[htbp]

	\setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.5 cm}
	\caption{Parameters obtained from the AC susceptibility analysis using Eqs.~\eqref{powerlawM} and \eqref{VFequationM}.}
	\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c}
		\hline \hline
		& & & & &  \\

		$ H$~(T) ~&~ $ T_{\rm g}$~(K) ~&~ $ z\nu^{\prime} $  ~&~ $\tau^{*}$~(sec) ~&~ $\tau_{0}$~(sec) ~&~ $E_{\rm a}/k_{\rm B}$~(K) ~&~ $T_0$~(K) \\
		& & & & &  \\
		\hline
		& & & & &  \\0 & $22.0 \pm 0.1$ & $4.2 \pm 0.2$ & ($1.1 \pm 0.6) \times10^{-10}$ & ($6.6 \pm 1.5) \times10^{-9}$ & $16.0 \pm 0.6$ & $21.1 \pm 0.1$ \\
		& & & & &  \\
		0.25 & $17.8 \pm 0.1$ & $4.3 \pm 0.2$ & ($1.6 \pm 0.5) \times10^{-9}$ & ($6.2 \pm 1.6) \times10^{-8}$ & $16.4 \pm 0.6$ & $16.8 \pm 0.2$ \\
		& & & & &  \\
		\hline
	\end{tabular}
	\label{Table1}
\end{table*}
The frequency dependence of freezing temperature $T_{\rm f}$ obtained from the real part of the AC susceptibility is presented in the lower panel of Fig.~\ref{Fig7}. In SG systems, the frequency dependence of $T_{\rm f}$ can be described by the standard critical slowing down behaviour (power law), given by the dynamic scaling theory,\cite{Mydosh1993Book,Hohenberg1977RMP}
\begin{equation}
  \tau = \tau^{*}\left(\dfrac{T_{\rm f}-T_{\rm g}}{T_{\rm g}}\right)^{-z\nu^{\prime}},
  \label{powerlaw}
\end{equation}
where the characteristic time $\tau $ describes the dynamical fluctuation time scale and corresponds to the observation time ($t_{\rm obs} = 1/2\pi \nu$), $\tau^{*} $ is the relaxation time of a single spin flip of the fluctuating entities, $T_{\rm g}$ is the static freezing temperature as $\nu$ tends to zero, $z$ is the dynamic critical exponent, and $\nu^{\prime}$ is the critical exponent of the correlation length $\zeta = (T_{\rm f}/T_{\rm g}-1)^{-\nu^{\prime}}$. The dynamic scaling hypothesis connects $\tau$ to $\zeta$ as $\tau \sim \zeta^{z}$.

To fit the data, the power law in Eq.~(\ref{powerlaw}) can further be rewritten as
\begin{equation}
	\log\tau = \log\tau^{*}-z\nu^{\prime} \log\left(\dfrac{T_{\rm f}}{T_{\rm g}}-1\right).
	\label{powerlawM}
\end{equation}
In the lower left panel of Fig.~\ref{Fig7}, we have plotted log$(\tau)$ vs log$(T_{\rm f}/T_{\rm g} -1)$ for $H_{\rm DC} = 0$ and 0.25~T fixing $T_{g} = 22.0 \pm 0.1$~K and $17.8 \pm 0.1$~K, respectively, obtained via the best fit of the data by the power law [Eq.~(\ref{powerlaw})]. Both the curves show a linear behaviour and the obtained parameters, $ \tau^{*}$ and $ z\nu^{\prime}$ from a straight line fit [Eq.~(\ref{powerlawM})] are listed in Table~I. The dynamic scaling suggests that there is a divergence of the relaxation time at a finite transition temperature, which demonstrates a true phase transition from PM to SG in Cr$_{0.5}$Fe$_{0.5}$Ga.
The parameters, $\tau^{*}$ and $z\nu^{\prime}$ are believed to give more reliable insight into the SG dynamics. For conventional SG systems, the value of $ z\nu^{\prime} $ typically lies between $\sim 4$ and $\sim 12$ while the value of $ \tau^{*} $ ranges from $10 ^{-10} $~s to $10 ^{-13}$~s.\cite{Nam2000,Pakhira2016PRB,Ghara2014PRB,Lago2012PRB,Malinowski2011PRB}
Similarly, for the canonical SG and cluster SG, the characteristic range of $ \tau^{*}$ varies from $\sim 10^{-12} $~s to $\sim 10^{-13} $~s and $\sim 10^{-7}$ to $\sim 10^{-10}$, respectively.\cite{Lago2012PRB,Pakhira2016PRB,Mori2003PRB,Anand2012PRB,Mydosh1993Book}
Clearly, our obtained values of $ \tau^{*}$ and $ z\nu ^\prime$ fall within the ranges reported for typical cluster SG systems.\cite{Pakhira2016PRB,Lago2012PRB,Malinowski2011PRB,Mori2003PRB,Anand2012PRB} A high value of $ \tau^{*} $ also points toward the fact that in Cr$_{0.5}$Fe$_{0.5}$Ga, spin dynamics occurs in a slow manner, due to the presence of interacting clusters rather than individual spins.\cite{Anand2012PRB,Ghara2014PRB} No significant change in $z\nu^\prime$ was observed while changing the field from 0 to 0.25~T but the value of $\tau^{*}$ is changed by an order of magnitude which is still within the range expected for cluster-SG systems.

The presence of interacting clusters is also evident from the failure of Arrhenius law to fit the frequency dependent $T_{\rm f}$ data. Arrhenius law which is applicable for non-interacting or weakly interacting magnetic entities can be written as\cite{Binder1986RMP}
\begin{equation}
\tau = \tau_{0}\exp\left(\dfrac{E_{\rm a}}{k_{\rm B}T_{\rm f}}\right),
\label{Arrh}
\end{equation}
where $\tau_0$ has the same physical meaning as $\tau^*$ and $E_{\rm a}/k_{\rm B}$ is the average activation energy of the relaxation barrier. The activation energy basically measures the energy barrier in which the metastable states are separated and the Arrhenius law accounts for the time scale to overcome the energy barriers by the activation process. Our attempt to estimate $\tau_0$ and $E_a/k_{\rm B}$ from the linear fit of the ln($\tau$) vs $1/T_{\rm f}$ data in zero field yields completely unphysical values [$\tau_0 \simeq 2.1\times 10^{-62}$~s and $E_a/k_{\rm B} \simeq (3120 \pm 68)$~K]. This failure adds further support to the argument that the dynamics in our system is not simply due to single spin flips, rather it is a cooperative character due to inter-cluster interactions.

Another dynamical scaling law in spin-glass freezing is the phenomenological Vogel-Fulcher (VF) law which takes into account the interaction among the spins. According to this law, the frequency dependent $T_{\rm f}$ can be described by\cite{Mydosh1993Book,Souletie1985PRB}
\begin{equation}
\tau = \tau_{0}\exp\left[\dfrac{E_{\rm a}}{k_{\rm B}(T_{\rm f}-T_{\rm 0})}\right],
\label{VFequation}
\end{equation}
where $T_0$ is the empirical VF temperature, which is often interpreted as the interaction strength among the dynamic entities. For the purpose of fitting, it is convenient to rewrite Eq.~(\ref{VFequation}) as
\begin{equation}
\ln \tau = \ln \tau_0+\frac{E_{\rm a}/k_{\rm B}}{(T_{\rm f}-T_{0})}.
\label{VFequationM}
\end{equation}
Here, we show that the variation of $T_{\rm f}$ in the frequency range, which has been experimentally accessible to us, can be described by this formula. In the lower right panel of Fig.~\ref{Fig7}, the plot of $\ln \tau$ vs $1/(T_{\rm f}-T_0)$ is shown, which can be fitted well by Eq.~(\ref{VFequationM}) with $T_0 \simeq 21.1$~K and 16.8~K for $H_{\rm DC} = 0$ and 0.25~T, respectively.
The parameters, $E_{\rm a}/k_{\rm B}$ and $\tau_0$ obtained from the slope and intercept of the linear fit are summarized in Table~I. A nonzero value of $T_{0}$ and the agreement of VF law with our data suggest a finite interaction among the spins and hence the formation of clusters. The activation energy in the system is expected to be tuned under external magnetic field ($H$). It is predicted that the magnitude of the spin-glass free energy barriers ($E_{\rm a}/k_{\rm B}$) diminishes as $H^2$, the coefficient of which is proportional to the number of correlated spins.\cite{Guchhait2017PRL,Zhai2017PRB} However, our measurements at $H=0$ and $0.25$~T donot yield any visible change in $E_{\rm a}/k_{\rm B}$ which possibly suggests the role of dominant anisotropy in the spin system.

From the above assessment, it is clear that the change of relaxation time $\tau$ in our experimental frequency range can be described equally well by both power law [Eq.~(\ref{powerlawM})] and VF law [Eq.~(\ref{VFequationM})]. The obtained value of $\tau^*$ from the power law is about an order of magnitude smaller than $\tau_0$ obtained from the VF law. Such difference in characteristic time constant using two dynamical scaling laws are also reported in many cluster-SG systems e.g. Fe$_2$O$_3$,\cite{Mukadam2005PRB} Ni doped La$_{1.85}$Sr$_{0.15}$CuO$_4$,\cite{Malinowski2011PRB} etc. Nevertheless, the characteristic time constants ($\tau^*$ and $\tau_0$) obtained from both fits fall in the expected range for typical cluster-SG systems. The value of $T_{\rm g}$ is found to be larger than $T_{0}$ only a few percent, in accordance with the general trend found in the cluster-SG systems.\cite{Malinowski2011PRB}
Further, in the frame of the VF model, $T_0 \ll E_{\rm a}/k_{\rm B}$ indicates a weak coupling and $T_0 \gg E_{\rm a}/k_{\rm B}$ a strong one.\cite{Shtrikman1981PLA} For our case, $T_0$ is about $\sim 1.3E_{\rm a}/k_{\rm B}$ in zero field, which falls in the intermediate regime, suggesting a finite interaction among the magnetic entities.
Moreover, the Tholence criterion $\delta T_{\rm Th} = \frac{T_{\rm f}-T_0}{T_{\rm f}}$ is also used to compare different SG systems.\cite{Tholence1984PB} In our case, the value of $\delta T_{\rm Th}$ is calculated to be $\sim 0.06$ [taking $T_{\rm f} \simeq 22.5$~K and $T_0 \simeq 21.1$~K] at zero field which is comparable to the value reported for cluster-SG system PrRhSn$_{3}$ ($\delta T_{\rm Th} \simeq 0.076$).\cite{Anand2012PRB}

It is worth mentioning that a qualitative difference is expected between power law and VF law when the measured frequency range is large enough.\cite{Souletie1985PRB} For instance, the difference is clearly visible for Cu$_{0.954}$Mn$_{0.046}$ where the variation of $\tau$ is over 11 orders of magnitude.\cite{Souletie1985PRB} Further, closer to $T_0$ (and $T_{\rm g}$), the VF law can be adjusted to match the power law through the relation\cite{Souletie1985PRB}
\begin{equation}
ln \left(\frac{40 k_{\rm B}T_{\rm f}}{E_{\rm a}}\right) \sim \frac{25}{z\nu^\prime}.
\label{VFPower}
\end{equation}
Using $E_a/k_{\rm B} \simeq 16$~K, obtained from the VF law and $T_{\rm f} \simeq 22.5$~K for $\nu = 200$~Hz in Eq.~(\ref{VFPower}), the value of $z\nu^\prime$ was calculated to be $\sim 6.2$, which is slightly larger than 4.2, obtained directly from the power law fit but within the range expected for cluster-SGs.

\subsection{Non-equilibrium Dynamics}
\subsubsection{Magnetic Relaxations}
\begin{figure}[t!]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=\linewidth,height=\linewidth]{Fig8}
	\caption{Relaxation of the zero-field-cooled (ZFC) magnetization measured at different temperatures $T=5$~K, 10~K, 15~K for a waiting time $t_{\rm w} = 60$~s, as discussed in the text. The solid lines represent the fit using stretched exponential function given in Eq.~\eqref{Stretched exp}.}
	\label{Fig8}
\end{figure}
Different types of glassy systems are characterized by their magnetic relaxation behaviour. To investigate such a behaviour, magnetic relaxation measurement was performed at different temperatures ($T=5$~K, 10~K, and 15~K) in the ZFC condition. The sample was cooled under zero applied field from 50~K (PM state) to the desired temperature, which is below $T_{\rm f}$. After a waiting time of $t_{\rm w}=60$~s, a magnetic field of 200~Oe was applied and the time evolution of magnetization [$M(t)$] was measured. The results are presented in Fig.~\ref{Fig8}.
The $M(t)$ curves follow the standard stretched exponential function
\begin{equation}
M(t)=M_{\rm 0}-M_{\rm g}\exp \left[-\left(\frac{t}{\tau}\right)^\beta \right],
\label{Stretched exp}
\end{equation}
where $M_0$ is an intrinsic magnetization, $M_{\rm g}$ is related to a glassy component of magnetization, $\tau$ is the characteristic relaxation time constant, and $\beta$ is the stretching exponent, which has values between 0 and 1 and is
a function of temperature only. Although the above function
has no specific theoretical justification, it has been widely
used to fit the magnetic relaxation data of SG systems.\cite{Chamberlin1984PRL}
In this relation, $\beta = 0$ implies that $M(t)$ is constant, i.e., no relaxation at all,
and $\beta = 1$ implies that the system relaxes with a single time
constant. Therefore, the value of $\beta$
covers the dynamics of spins with very strong to no relaxation limit. The value of $\beta$ depends on the nature of the energy barriers involved in the relaxation. For systems with a distribution of energy barriers, $\beta$ lies between 0 and 1, whereas for a uniform energy barrier, $\beta = 1$. The value of $\beta$ obtained from our fit is found to vary from 0.5 to 0.6. These values are within the range (0 to 1) of different glassy systems reported earlier.\cite{Chu1994PRL,Mydosh1993Book,Pakhira2016PRB,Chu1994PRL,Cardodo2003PRB,Khan2014PRB,Ghara2014PRB,Bhattacharyya2011PRB} Further, $\beta < 1$ signifies that the system evolves through a number of intermediate metastable states i.e. activation takes place against multiple anisotropic barriers. Moreover, the value of $\tau$ is found to increase with decreasing temperature as expected for the glassy systems, below $T_{\rm f}$.\cite{Li1998PRB,Maji2011JPCM} In fact, the values of $\tau$ obtained for Cr$_{0.5}$Fe$_{0.5}$Ga are almost comparable to that reported for other glassy systems, such as Nd$_5$Ge$_3$ (Ref.~\onlinecite{Maji2011JPCM}) and U$_2$PdSi$_3$ (Ref.~\onlinecite{Li1998PRB}).

\subsubsection{Magnetic Memory Effect}
\begin{figure}[t!]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=
	\linewidth,height=1.8\linewidth]{Fig9}
	\caption{Memory effect as a function of temperature in (a) FC and (b) ZFC protocols in $H=200$~Oe, as discussed in the text. The measurements were interrupted at $T{^{\rm int}_{\rm 1}}=12$~K and $T{^{\rm int}_{\rm 2}}=5$~K for 2~hours each. Inset: Difference in magnetization $\Delta M=(M{^{\rm mem}_{\rm ZFCW}}-M{^{\rm ref}_{\rm ZFCW}})$ vs $T$ for the ZFC condition.}
	\label{Fig9}
\end{figure}
In order to examine the presence of non-ergodicity in the alloy and to gain new information on the low temperature dynamics, magnetic memory measurements were performed following the FC and ZFC protocols. The results are depicted in Fig.~\ref{Fig9}(a) and \ref{Fig9}(b), respectively. In the FC condition, the sample was cooled down from 50~K (PM state) to 2~K at a constant cooling rate (0.5~K/min) in an applied field of 200~Oe. The cooling process was interrupted at $T{^{\rm int}_{\rm 1}}=12$~K and $T{^{\rm int}_{\rm 2}}=5$~K for a duration of $ t_{\mathrm{w}} = 2 $~hours each. During $ t_{\mathrm{w}} $, at each temperature, the magnetic field was switched off and the system was allowed to relax. After each waiting period, the same magnetic field was switched on and the FC process was resumed. The magnetization measured during this process is denoted as $M{^{\rm int}_{\rm FC}}$ which produces steplike features at 12~K and 5~K. After reaching 2~K, the sample was heated under the same field without any interruption and $M(T)$ was recorded upto 50~K which is designated as $M{^{\rm mem}_{\rm FCW}}$. Interestingly, the obtained $M{^{\rm mem}_{\rm FCW}}$ also exhibits characteristic features at each interruption performed in $M{^{\rm int}_{\rm FC}}$, as an attempt to follow the past history of the magnetization. Thus, it is a clear signature of the magnetic memory in the system. A FC curve ($M{^{\rm ref}_{\rm FC}}$) in the same field without any interruption is also measured for reference.

Similar memory effect was also measured in ZFC condition in which the sample was cooled from 50~K (PM state) to 2~K at a constant cooling rate (0.5~K/min) in zero applied field. The cooling was interrupted at $T{^{\rm int}_{\rm 1}}=12$~K and $T{^{\rm int}_{\rm 1}}=5$~K for $t_w=2$~hours each. After reaching 2~K, a magnetic field of 200~Oe was applied and $M(T)$ was recorded during warming which is designated as $M{^{\rm mem}_{\rm ZFCW}}$. For the sake of completeness, a reference curve was recorded by conventional ZFCW protocol in $H=200$~Oe which is represented as $M{^{\rm ref}_{\rm ZFCW}}$. These two curves were found to overlap with each other except at the interrupted temperature regions. This is brought out very clearly in the inset of Fig.~\ref{Fig9}(b) where the difference in magnetization $\Delta M (=M{^{\rm mem}_{\rm ZFCW}}$-$M{^{\rm ref}_{\rm ZFCW}})$ is plotted against temperature. It exhibits memory dips at each interruption points (12~K and 5~K). Thus, the observation of memory effect in both ZFC and FC conditions strengthens our assessment as cluster-SG behaviour of the compound.

\begin{figure}[t!]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=
	\linewidth,height=\linewidth]{Fig10}
	\caption{Magnetic relaxation measurements in the negative $T$-cycle in an applied field of $H=200$~Oe for (a) ZFC and (b) FC methods. Insets: $M(t)$ data at 12~K for negative FC and ZFC $T$-cycles along with the fit by Eq.~\eqref{Stretched exp}.
	For the positive $T$-cycle, ZFC and FC data are shown in (c) and (d), respectively.}
	\label{Fig10}
\end{figure}
To study the memory effect in further details, we performed the relaxation memory measurements for both negative and positive $T$-cycles as discussed below.

{\em Negative $ T $-cycle :} The relaxation behaviour was recorded for the negative $T$-cycle for both ZFC and FC conditions and the results are shown in Fig.~\ref{Fig10}(a) and \ref{Fig10}(b), respectively. In the ZFC process, the sample was cooled down from 50~K to 12~K (below $ T_{\mathrm{f}} $) in zero field. At 12~K, a field of 200~Oe was applied and $M(t)$ was measured for a period of $ t_ 1=1$~hour. It is found to increase exponentially with $t$. The sample was further cooled down to 5~K in the same field and again $M(t)$ was measured for $ t_2 =1$~hour which is found to be almost constant with $t$. Subsequently, the temperature was restored back to 12~K and $M(t)$ was recorded for $ t_{\rm 3}=1$~hour in the same field which again varies exponentially with $t$. In the FC process, the sample was field cooled down to 12~K in a field of 200~Oe. At 12~K, $M(t)$ was measured for $ t_1=1$~hour after switching off the field and it was found to decay exponentially with $t$. The sample was further cooled down to 5~K in zero field and $M(t)$ was measured for $ t_2=1$~hour which is found to be constant with $t$. Finally, the sample was warmed back to 12~K in zero field and $M(t)$ was recorded again for $ t_3=1$~hour which again decays exponentially with $t$.

As shown in the insets of Fig.~\ref{Fig10}(a) and \ref{Fig10}(b), when the $M(t)$ data at 12~K measured during $t_1$ and $t_3$ put together, they simply follow a continuous growth and decay curve for the ZFC and FC processes, respectively. It indicates that the state of the sample before cooling is recovered when the sample is cycled back to the initial temperature. This is a straight forward demonstration of the memory effect in a cluster SG system where the sample remembers its previous state even after experiencing a large change in $M$. These curves were fitted by the stretched exponential function [Eq.~\eqref{Stretched exp}] with $\beta \simeq 0.5$, similar to that observed in the magnetic relaxation measurements.

{\em Positive $ T $-cycle:} Similar to the negative $T$-cycle, both ZFC and FC relaxation behaviours were also recorded for the positive $T$-cycle and are shown in Fig.~\ref{Fig10}(c) and \ref{Fig10}(d), respectively. In the ZFC process, the sample was cooled down from 50~K to 5~K in zero field. At 5~K, a field of 200~Oe was applied and $M(t)$ was recorded for $ t_{1}=1$~hour which shows a gradual increase with $t$. The sample was then heated upto 12~K in the same field and again $M(t)$ was measured for $ t_{2}=1$~hour which also shows a gradual increase with $t$. Finally, the temperature was restored back to 5~K but the $M(t)$ measured for another $ t_{3}=1$~hour is found to be $t$ independent. In the FC process, the sample was cooled down to 5~K in a field of 200~Oe. At 5~K, magnetic field was switched off and the same sequence (as for the ZFC process) was repeated. As shown Fig.~\ref{Fig10}(d), the obtained results follow the same trend as for the ZFC sequence but in the opposite direction. It is evident that unlike the negative $T$-cycle, there is no continuity in the $M(t)$ data measured during $t_1$ and $t_3$ at 5~K suggesting that the nature of the magnetic relaxation during $t_3$ is quite different from that during $t_1$. Thus, positive $T$-cycling revives the magnetic relaxation process and no magnetic memory effect is observed when the temperature is restored.

The memory effect in SG systems has been widely studied via magnetization measurements. This phenomena is usually discussed in the framework of two theoretical models: the droplet model\cite{Fisher1988PRB} and the hierarchical model.\cite{Lefloch1992EPL} These are two well established models which are successfully applied in several experimental studies.\cite{Pakhira2016PRB,Sun2003PRL} At a given temperature, a multi-valley spin structure is organized on the free-energy landscape in the hierarchical model, whereas in the droplet model only one spin configuration is favoured. Basically, in the hierarchical model, these free energy valleys which are metastable states split into new sub-valleys as the temperature is lowered and get merged with increasing temperature. This picture obviously give rise to the observed memory effects. When the temperature of the system is lowered from $T$ to $T-\Delta T$, each valley splits into a set of sub-valleys. If $\Delta T$ is large, the energy barriers separating the main valleys become too high and the system cannot overcome these barriers during the waiting time $t_2$. Therefore, the relaxation occurs only within the sub-valleys of each set. As the temperature is brought back to $T$, the sub-valleys and barriers merge back to the original free-energy landscape and the relaxation at $T$ is not at all disturbed by the intermediate relaxations at $T-\Delta T$. But when the temperature of the system is increased from $T$ to $T+\Delta T$, the barriers between the free energy multi valleys are lowered or even get merged. Therefore, the relaxations can occur within different valleys. When the temperature is lowered back to $T$, although the free-energy landscape is restored, the relative occupancy of each valley does not remain the same as before. Thus, the state of the system changes after a temporary heating cycle showing no memory effect.

Experimentally, these two models can be distinguished by studying the influence of $T$-cycling on magnetic relaxation.
In the droplet model, the original spin configuration is restored after a $T$ cycling  $i.e.$ one would expect a symmetric behaviour in magnetic relaxation with respect to the positive/negative $T$-cycling.
On the other hand, in the hierarchical model, the original spin configuration is destroyed after a positive $T$-cycling and one would expect an asymmetric response (or, no memory effect) in magnetic relaxation. Thus, based on the above criteria, our observed asymmetric response in the positive $T$-cycle during both ZFC and FC processes supports the hierarchical organization of the metastable states in the cluster-SG system. Since the hierarchical organization requires a large number of degrees of freedom to be coupled, it can not be produced simply by the independent behaviour of individual spins and consequently highlights the important role played by inter-particle/intra-cluster interactions.

\section{Summary}
In summary, we present a detailed and a systematic study of the structural and magnetic properties of Cr$_{0.5}$Fe$_{0.5}$Ga. No evidence of any structural disorder was found from the temperature dependent powder XRD measurements down to 15~K. The temperature dependent DC magnetization shows the onset of a SG transition at low temperatures which is caused by magnetic site disorder and magnetic frustration due to competing AFM and FM interactions. The SG transition is further justified by AC susceptibility measurements. The results clearly indicate that the fitted parameters, as obtained from the relative shift in $T_{\rm f}$ and the dynamical scaling laws, are consistent with that expected for cluster SG systems. The activation energy of the metastable states is estimated to be $E_{\rm a}/k_{\rm B} \simeq 16$~K. A clear signature of the magnetic memory effect was observed below the freezing temperature in both FC and ZFC processes further demonstrating the cluster-SG behavior of the compound under investigation. In the positive $T$-cycle, a small heating reinitializes the relaxation process and the magnetization is unable to restore its initial value. Such an asymmetric response of magnetic relaxation with respect to positive temperature change favours the hierarchical model. The Debye temperature estimated from the low temperature $C_{\rm p} (T)$ data is consistent with that obtained from the $V_{\rm cell} (T)$ analysis. Although our experimental results point towards the formation of cluster SG state, the underlying mechanism behind such a formation is not yet understood. Further studies preferably neutron scattering and $\mu$SR experiments may provide useful insite.

\section{Acknowledgement}
We would like to acknowledge BRNS, India for financial support bearing sanction No.37(3)/14/26/2017-BRNS. We thanks B. R. Sekhar for his valuable suggestions. PB is supported by the IISER-TVM post-doctoral fellowship programme.

\providecommand{\noopsort}[1]{}\providecommand{\singleletter}[1]{#1}%

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Tag Archives: Pop music
Taylor Swift Drops Nostalgic Holiday Song About Her Childhood Home
"My winter nights are taken up by static, stress and holiday shopping traffic / But I close my eyes and I'm somewhere else - just like magic…"
With an opening reminiscent of the jazz-age crooners, present-day Taylor remembers that her past was simpler, and recalls the magic she felt around the holidays surrounded by her loved ones as...
Angelina Singer
Concert-Music Reviews, Opinion
Christmas, Christmas Tree Farm, Family, holidays, nostalgia, Pop music, Swifties, Taylor Swift
Taylor Swift's New Album Lover is a Heartfelt Foray Into Her Newfound Happiness
What do you think of when you hear of Taylor Swift? Maybe you remember her younger days with majestic long, curly blonde hair lamenting about unrequited romance while shedding "Teardrops on My Guitar". Or maybe you think of her more recent work like the techno-pop masterpiece that is her album 1989 or her angsty no-holds-barred Reputation era. Regardless of how you perceive her...
album release, Joe Alwyn, Lover, new music, Pop music, Taylor Swift, TS7
Avril Lavigne Makes a Splash with New Album Head Above Water
After 5 years of anticipating her next release, little black stars (as her fans have been lovingly named) have been blessed with this raw and uninhibited body of work fit for pop royalty. Avril Lavigne may be described many different ways, but hesitant is not one of them. After a harrowing battle with Lyme Disease and a desperate plea for survival, Avril has opened up about...
Alternative, Avril Lavigne, Blues, emotional, Head Above Water, new album, Pop, Pop music, Soul
Handguns, Story Untold, and MAKEOUT Encourage Listeners to be Open-Minded about Pop Punk
Handguns x Story Untold x Makeout ONCE Ballroom 1/18/19 Walking into the downtown Somerville venue laden with neon lights and pop punk / alternative rock fans singing along to iconic Paramore, My Chemical Romance, and Neck Deep songs, I knew I was undoubtedly in the right place on January 18th. Doors wouldn't open for another half hour, so in the meantime, I enjoyed the vibe and the...
Aiden Von Rose, Diego Stanger, Handguns, Janick Thibault, Jessy Bergy, Jonathan Landry, MAKEOUT, musicians, Pop music, pop punk, Sam Boxold, Scott Eckel, Story Untold, Tyler Young


text:
The Freakout About Giving COVID Vaccines to Prisoners Has Already Begun
Jails and prisons are virus hot spots, but politics could slow efforts to inoculate their residents.
Sandy Huffaker/Getty
The coronavirus is a rapidly developing news story, so some of the content in this article might be out of date. Check out our most recent coverage of the coronavirus crisis, and subscribe to the Mother Jones Daily newsletter.
Toward the end of a press conference on Tuesday afternoon, Colorado Gov. Jared Polis was asked about a proposal to give the state's prisoners early access to the forthcoming COVID-19 vaccine. Polis replied that no prisoners would be prioritized to get vaccinated before the free seniors or people with coronavirus-related health risks. "There's no way it's going to go to prisoners," he chuckled, "before it goes to people who haven't committed any crime. That's obvious."
In October, Colorado's public health department issued a draft plan that prioritized prisoners and other people in "congregate housing," like homeless shelters and college dorms, for vaccination following health care workers, residents of long-term care facilities, and public safety personnel, including corrections officers. As in the rest of the country, prisons and jails have been the site of some of Colorado's largest COVID outbreaks. Prisoners' case rates are more than 550 percent higher than the state's as a whole; rates for prison staff are 200 percent higher. The vast majority of the state's disproportionately Black and brown incarcerated population has spent the pandemic locked up in close quarters, sharing cells, bathrooms, dayrooms, and dining halls.
As the arrival of the first COVID vaccines approaches, a political backlash has been brewing over the idea that inoculating people behind bars should be a priority. Colorado's plan in particular has come under fire from right-wing critics. "Polis would give the life-saving vaccine to a person who puts a loaded gun to grandma's head, before he would give it to grandma," a Republican district attorney wrote in the Denver Post. "Killers and rapists set to get COVID vaccines before Granny," a recent Fox News segment announced.
This pushback seems to have spooked Polis. Asked about the Denver Post column at this week's press conference, the Democratic governor said Colorado's public health department will deprioritize prisoners when it finalizes its vaccination plan. (Prisoners over 65, however, would likely be vaccinated around the same time as free adults of the same age.)
There is broad agreement among medical and public health experts that incarcerated people are a "critical population" for early vaccination, as the CDC's vaccination "interim playbook" puts it. But there's also a risk that as states finalize their vaccination priorities, they will discount the public health benefits of vaccinating incarcerated people early due to its perceived political unpopularity. "Sometimes we hear, 'Why are we providing medical care, or doing this or that for people have committed crimes?'" says Corene Kendrick, deputy director of the ACLU's National Prison Project. "Besides the fact that they're human beings, and we should treat them as such, the virus doesn't stop at the jail door."
"Sometimes we hear, 'Why are we providing medical care, or doing this or that for people have committed crimes?' Besides the fact that they're human beings, and we should treat them as such, the virus doesn't stop at the jail door."
Last month, the American Medical Association adopted a policy that people who live and work in prisons, jails, and immigration detention centers should be prioritized to get access to a COVID-19 vaccine due to their high risk of infection. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, meanwhile, has published a framework recommending that people living and working in jails, prisons and detention centers be included in the second phase of vaccine distribution, alongside workers in high-risk settings, people in shelters and group homes, and older adults.
If states follow the recommendations approved by a federal panel of experts on Tuesday, certain elderly and sick prisoners could be among the very first people vaccinated for the virus. The CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices voted to recommend that top priority for the COVID-19 vaccine go to health care workers and residents of long-term care facilities. Amanda Cohn, ACIP's executive secretary, said in an email that the latter group includes incarcerated people "living in what would be the equivalent of a skilled nursing facility." That could be a fairly large group: The number of state prisoners who are 55 or older quadrupled between 1993 and 2013 and, as of 2015, they accounted for 10 percent of the state prison population. To care for those older prisoners, many states have built specialized units that are essentially locked-down nursing homes.
The CDC panel had considered arguments that all people living and working in jails and prisons should be included in the first tier of the vaccination schedule. "Although often considered isolated, inmates are regularly released from prisons and jails and correctional staff daily travel home to their families," Andre Montoya-Barthelemy, a Minnesota physician investigating health hazards behind bars, told the panel during its August meeting. Without addressing these sources of infection, he said, "transmission will continue as long as the hot spots remain uncontrolled."
David Sears, an infectious disease specialist at the University of California, San Francisco, and a prison health consultant, concurs. "From a public health standpoint, we are not going to stop COVID-19 in the communities until we're able to stop it in prisons and jails," he says. According to Sears, prisoners meet the two main reasons to prioritize anyone for COVID-19 vaccination: They're especially likely to die or suffer complications if they get sick and vaccinating them will interrupt "chains" of transmission. Prisoners' death rate from COVID-19 is three times higher than that of the general population, controlling for age and sex. And not only can the virus spreads rapidly inside prisons and jails, they can act as a "nexus" for transmission in the wider community, Sears says, as staff members go in and out daily.
Controlling outbreaks in prisons is also important because they can overwhelm local health care systems, says the ACLU's Kendrick. In a single California prison this summer, the coronavirus sickened nearly 2,500 people, killed 29, and sent dozens to hospitals. "They don't have ventilators and ICUs in prisons and jail medical clinics," Kendrick says. "They're going to, by necessity, go to the community. And that's a real strain."
Last week, the Associated Press reported that the federal Bureau of Prisons is preparing to receive its first doses of the vaccine within weeks. But the initial supply will reportedly go to staff, not prisoners, potentially leaving incarcerated people exposed at the 127 BOP facilities with active cases. Similarly, the CDC advisory panel is contemplating recommending that the next priority group for vaccination include corrections officers along with other essential workers.
Sears believes vaccinating corrections staff first could create "at least some ring of protection" for people inside, but it isn't enough, especially if prisoners with high-risk medical conditions aren't also considered a priority. "My greatest fear," he says, "is that with each little, small trickle of doses that come out, that correctional facilities just get bumped down to the next tier and bumped down to the next tier. There is, unfortunately, a strong historical precedent for ignoring the rights to health and health care of incarcerated residents."
CDC Panel Suggests First Vaccinating Health Care Workers and Nursing Home Residents
"It's Like a Horror Movie": Trapped Inside San Quentin During an Explosion of COVID-19
"This Feels Like a Death Sentence": Rikers Jail Inmates Speak Out As Coronavirus Cases Spread
Hero of 2022: Alabama Prison Strikers


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Azure Canyon Las Vegas announced by Pulte Home in Mountains Edge Las Vegas.


text:
Q: How do you create a complete html like table in reactjs? I'm learning react and I'm trying to figure out how I would put this information into a table. I know there is

in html so I'm assuming I would use something like that within the javascript. I'm trying to create a table where the month of the birthday contains the name and the date of each person.
Any advice/help would be great!
    class App extends React.Component {
          constructor(props) {
            super(props);

            this.state = {
              birthdays: {
                'January': [{
                  name: 'Mike',
                  date: '1/14/90'
                }, {
                  name: 'Joe',
                  date: '1/7/92'
                }],

                March: [{
                  name: 'Mary',
                  date: '3/7/88'
                }]
              }
            }
          }

          render() {
            return (

                {Object.keys(this.state.birthdays).reduce((birthdays, month) => {
                  return birthdays.concat(this.state.birthdays[month].map((bday) => {
                     return (

{bday.name} - {bday.date}

                );
            }));
        }, [])}

    );
}
ReactDOM.render(<App />,
document.getElementById('container'));

Excuse the formatting of the code.

A: You're using jsx which is an extension of javascript by including html tags, this means that you can use them within your javascript code.
You need to open the
 tag before iterating over your birthdays so you can create the
 (rows) inside it.
return

  {
    birthdays.map((bday) => (

        {bday.name}
        {bday.date}

    );
  }

I suggest you read more about table elements in html.

A: You need to first map the keys and then iterate over the birthdays object. Also put single quotes on March like 'March'

class App extends React.Component {
          constructor(props) {
            super(props);

            this.state = {
              birthdays: {
                'January': [{
                  name: 'Mike',
                  date: '1/14/90'
                }, {
                  name: 'Joe',
                  date: '1/7/92'
                }],

                'March': [{
                  name: 'Mary',
                  date: '3/7/88'
                }]
              }
            }
          }
           renderTableRows =  () => {
           var rows = [];
           Object.keys(this.state.birthdays).forEach((month, key) => {              var birthdays = this.state.birthdays[month];
               birthdays.forEach((obj) => {

            rows.push (

              {month}
              {obj.name}
              {obj.date}

            )

            })

          })
          var tby = null;
             tby =

                     {rows.map((obj, key) => {
                        return (
                          obj
                        )
                     })}

          return tby;

           }
          render() {
            return (

                    Month
                    Name
                    Date

                {this.renderTableRows()}

    );
}
}
ReactDOM.render(<App />,
document.getElementById('container'));

<link href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"/>

A: One way of presenting your data may be as follows: http://codepen.io/PiotrBerebecki/pen/jrVkdO
Here is the code for the React component class:
class App extends React.Component {
  constructor(props) {
    super(props);

    this.state = {
      birthdays: {
        'January': [{
          name: 'Mike',
          date: '1/14/90'
        }, {
          name: 'Joe',
          date: '1/7/92'
        }],

        March: [{
          name: 'Mary',
          date: '3/7/88'
        }]
      }
    }
  }

  render() {
    console.log();
    return (

            Month
            Name
            Birthday

        {Object.keys(this.state.birthdays).map((month, key) => {
          return (

              {this.state.birthdays[month].map((person, index) => {
                return (

                    {month}
                    {person.name}
                    {person.date}

                );
              })}

          )
        })}

    );
  }
}

ReactDOM.render(
  <App />,
  document.getElementById('container')
);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


As I said, the blade was already installed, and though the tension was released, it was properly set. The guides were pretty much set dead on, and the table took only a couple seconds to set square to the blade. So far, I have put in about 30 minutes assembly time. I rotated the wheels, and the blade tracked very nicely. So, after about 35 minutes, I grabbed a scrap of hickory firewood and cut a nice radius. Then I quickly resawed a small scrap of maple. The saw was sturdy, showed no vibration, and was nice and quite. Overall I am very pleased with my purchase.
Now for my complaints…....the JET blade is not the greatest, though I expected this. It will do for now, but a better quality blade is in the very near future. Also, although the fit and finish was very good, the upper wheel did rub a little on the wheel cover door. I basically flexed the door cover slightly, and problem solved. Once again, I am very pleased after day one, and so far would recommend this saw to any friend.
-- Measuring twice and cutting once only works if you read the tape correctly!
I have a jet cab saw. add DC. they work well for me. good to see that they are still keeping the the QC up.
-- Praise God in all things, especially the bad things because they make the best learning experiences.
why did you only give it a 4? just the cover or is there something else?
Broda, gave in a 4 because they don't offer a 4.5 rating. I guess I am a little too picky, so to be a 5 everything would have to be perfect. If I weren't soooo obsessive about tools being perfect, I would have probably given it a 5.
I bought a pretty similar Jet 14" a few months ago. Pretty similar experience. Assembly wasn't difficult except lifting the saw up onto the base was a strain for my old back. I don't think I had to install a drive belt, pretty sure it was already in place but could be my faulty memory. I've been very happy with the saw, hope you find yours as useful as I find mine.
-- There's no such thing as mistakes, just design changes.
Am i the only one who thinks 5 stars should mean it when above and beyond your wildest dreams. I think your 4 stars appropriate. To me that means very good while 3 means it does what you want with a few troubles 2 means it hardly ever does what it is suppose to do and one means it's junk and doesn't work.
be sure and check the wheels for co-planer since you mentioned the upper was rubbing a little.
sounds like you got a great deal.
You got a real steal on a nice saw!
Same band saw is on sale today at woodcrart for $509. Today only. No tax when I bought it online and free shipping? Can wait to try it out.
Great deal on the saw! I got mine in 2005 with the fence (but without the quick change tensioner) and just as you mentioned, assembly was an absolute breeze. It took me maybe an hour tops, and the blade just tracked in moments.
I just bought one from Craigslist for 550; never been used. It came with a fence, and an easy lift. I am really happy as it is quiet and accurate.
I used it several times, and it cuts through hardwood as easily as softwood.
I bought the 14DXPRO and I will not be looking back. I agree with others that the blade height adjustment knob can be a bear to turn. The saw runs smooth and i followed Snodgrass' instructions on setting it up. No drift with a 1/2" or a 3/8" 3 TPI blade. The down side was miter fence/gage did not come with the purchase.


Granted, I haven't been to all that many, and most of them were with a younger and less educated version of myself. That said, what I remember about them is this feeling: I am immediately reminded, upon stepping into an art exhibit of any considerable size, that A) there is more there than I can see in the time that I have, B) it represents an unattainable goal, and C) it forces me to judge how I use my time because standing before one piece of artwork and admiring it, is choosing to not make it to exhibit 439, 431, and 432.
I also hate all of my unanswered questions. How was this made? Or, more importantly, why was it made? What could have inspired someone to do such a beautiful – or such a repulsive – thing?
The third reason I hate art exhibits is that taking a living breathing person's inspiration and throwing it up on a wall in a building with no furniture, with no aromas of apple pie in the air, with no human voices around it. When it's not in a living environment, is it really the best place for art to exist? Cold. Lack of life. Not many people.
My visit to the Northrup King Building last night was none of these things. I thoroughly enjoyed it.
observation and conversation. It was a living, breathing place with many of the artists building the art, creating the art, in the same place that they were showing it. The long corridors of this old refurbished manufacturing plant served as the gateway to whichever studios happened to be opened for viewing. There were many studios that weren't open, but that helped you to focus more on the ones that were – unlike a typical exhibit. The fact that the artists were present helped the exhibit to be less about the art and, for me, more about meeting the artist.
I met two weavers who had the largest loom I had ever seen. Surrounded by their beautiful work, we discussed the arts. One woman recalled taking the train to downtown Chicago to see an opera with her family on Sunday afternoons while the other talked lovingly about Cantus. I met a woman who lives in Africa half the year and creates cultural jewelry with a nomadic tribe and sells it around the world. Another artist excitedly shared the process of painting with a hot plate of beeswax, her newest medium. The informal setting of First Thursdays was a great way to hear other people's perspectives on the art as well. I enjoyed the occasional music group playing a live acoustic bluegrass session or covers set.
A highlight of the evening was observing people's reaction to me, or, to be more specific, the little work of art that I was carrying. I never knew an eight-month old could enjoy an art exhibit. But perhaps someone would at any age if everyone oogled over them everywhere they went. Patience lived up to her name, fussing never, charming all. She did attempt to eat a grandma's finger, but at the end of the night, as I fed her a bottle back in the car I realized she was a masterpiece. It's not that the art isn't good enough on its own, I just think that, for me anyway, art is so much more meaningful when enjoyed in community.
I hate art exhibits. I love going to First Thursdays with Patience Rae.


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Within our first month working together our results were staggering. For the first time, we had a partner that gave a damn about achieving results we required and not just an invoice. We now have a first-class partner that has delivered us savings through both acquisition and CPC campaigns. You get what you pay for.
When looking for a digital agency partner there are many choices in the search space but Surefire has maintained an edge in the market. Their ability to look at an organisation's sales objectives and proactively put forward recommendations is second to none. I would have no hesitation in recommending them as a search agency to help maximise your online ROI.
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Engaging SureFire to look after our search marketing was an easy decision and it's proven to be the right one. As well as delivering great results they keep us up to date on industry trends and best practice. It's given me time to focus on other projects and marketing activities while knowing that our SEM is in good hands.
With the switch to SureFire Freeview's campaign performance improved dramatically. Proactive ongoing campaign optimisation by SureFire meant that Freeview website visitor numbers grew substantially but the cost per visitor dropped significantly - even with SureFire's campaign management fee included.
Contact us now for a PPC advertising campaign to suit your needs.
Not sure if we're the right agency for you? We're often asked the following questions; our answers should help you decide if we're the right fit for you.
There's a lot of people and agencies out there running Google AdWords campaigns. So what makes SureFire different?
You're right — there's no shortage of people who can run your search campaigns for you.
We're not the best fit for everyone. But our clients sought us out and chose to work with us for a range of reasons.
Some just weren't seeing the results from AdWords they were expecting. Others had no idea what their agency was actually doing for them, or who was running things. And when they got to meet them, the person running their campaigns was always someone different.
So, yes - there are a lot of agencies and individuals who can run your paid search campaigns.
Our clients can tell you what, for them, makes us different. One thing they're sure to tell you is that we live and breathe this stuff. So, if you're ready to take things up a notch, let's have a chat.
Our industry is highly competitive, and we don't have a lot of budget. Advertising on Google seems really expensive for the results we get - should we spend more on Facebook instead?
Like most people, you probably use Google and Facebook, and if that's also true of your customers then ideally you want to advertise on both.
But regardless of whether you're advertising on Google or Facebook, the results you're getting from your online advertising often come down to how effectively you are targeting your ads.
Improve your targeting and you'll increase your conversion rates. That means sharpening your keywords, polishing your ad copy and creative, and adding pizzazz to your landing page.
It also means being selective; using audience targeting options to make sure your ads are shown to people more likely to become customers.
In the end, your business may get better results from Facebook than Google, or vice versa: we've seen it go either way. You should, at least, give them both a fighting chance.
You may even find that, in improving your campaigns, you can actually afford to advertise on both.
Our business is very seasonal and very profitable during high season, but we have to advertise online all year round. Can you help make sure we aren't wasting money during off season?
You're not alone. We work with other clients and businesses that need to keep promoting bookings and availability year-round, although they have a distinct high season and low season.
When business is booming there's danger that searchers want to book for dates when there's no longer capacity. When it's slow, you might be paying more than you want for a visitor unlikely to book there and then.
We've developed some good ways to improve results in times of low demand. We've been able to lower CPA and control spend, while keeping conversion rates up during peak season.
It's worked a treat for our clients. If that's something you're struggling with, then it's likely we have a solution that will work for you.
Our website sales are down on last year. If you run our paid search campaigns, can you get us better results?
If your other marketing channels are struggling, it's likely that simply changing who is running your paid search campaigns won't produce the turnaround in sales you want.
If visits are down across the board, and conversion rates have fallen, we need to understand why before we can give you an honest answer to your question.
All that said, we often see opportunities to improve on the results companies are getting from paid search. It's often true, too, that in fixing the issues impacting paid search performance you'll see improvements in results from other channels.
If we honestly don't think we can get better results from your paid search campaigns, we'll tell you as much. But to turn "maybe" into "yes", we'll first need to review your current paid search activity and website analytics.
We want more search engine traffic. Should we increase our paid search budget, or invest in SEO?
We hear this a lot. If it makes sense and you have the budget, you should do both. If you don't have the budget, you should still try to get it so you can do both.
Why? Because if you increase your paid search spend you'll get more people to your site today and tomorrow, but you're always paying for each person who clicks on your ad. You'll get quick answers and quick results. And there's a bonus: you get to see what messaging works, what landing pages convert, and what doesn't.
Now, if you're also doing SEO, you can learn from what your paid search audience has told you.
SEO takes longer, but the results are longer lasting (unless you do it all wrong, but that's another story). And you'll usually find that the people who click on your organic listings aren't in as much of a hurry as the ones who click on your ads. More often than not, they're still researching and will come back later if they're ready to buy, sign up or give you their contact details.
So, yes, it's best to do both. But if you have budget enough for one but not the other, tell us about it. We can look at your site and what's working and what's not, so that the decision's an easier one for you.
You may not be paying much per click, but it's too much if you're not getting the right people to your website.
Whether you're running a Google AdWords or Bing search marketing campaign, or a PPC campaign on YouTube or Facebook, it's important your ads are in front of the people most likely to be interested in your products and services.
Once we understand what you're trying to achieve with PPC advertising we can advise the best approach and recommend appropriate platforms. However, only with measurable KPIs will you know if your campaign is successful, and what needs to be done to improve performance.
Right from the start, we'll help set goals and goal values that make sense for your business, and ensure the reliability of analytics data in tracking performance to your goals.
The more we know about your likely customers, the more likely your PPC campaign will attract them to your website.
Different ad platforms offer diverse audience targeting options, but the landing pages, keywords, and what we say (or show) in your ads can also be varied for greater appeal to your prospective customers.
For PPC search campaigns, we identify the search terms most likely to be used by your target audience when looking for what your company offers.
For contextually-targeted display campaigns, these are the words most likely to appear on relevant web pages where we want your ads to be shown. At the same time, we develop a list of negative keywords that will prevent your ads being shown for irrelevant but related terms.
Now that we know who you're targeting and what you're trying to achieve, it's time to create your ad campaigns. You'll be given opportunity to review and, if necessary, modify our proposed campaigns before anything goes live.
Your ads will be grouped by target audience and keyword themes to ensure that only the most relevant ads are shown. With two or more ads per group, ads can be A/B split-tested with the goal of improving clickthrough and conversion rates, lowering your cost per click and/or cost per conversion.
Each PPC ad platform offers a range of campaign settings that, once specified, will ensure your ads are appropriately targeted. At very least, you'll want us to make sure your ads are shown only to people in specific countries (or particular cities and locales), and that applicable languages and distribution options have been set.We'll also take care of any other settings that will improve the effectiveness of your campaign budget in reaching your target audience.
We'll set an appropriate cost per click for visitors to your site (based on their potential to convert and what you can afford to pay for a new customer, as well as what's required for your ad to be displayed).
Depending on your campaign budget, we can also limit what you'll spend per day, per month or over the duration of your campaign.
Once your campaigns are up and running and we can see what results we're getting, we can set about improving performance.
It's likely that visitors for some search terms or from some websites are converting more readily than others, and we can adjust bids and targeting accordingly. However, we can also test other changes to your campaign.
Our goal is to ensure the constant evolution of your PPC program, adapting and changing your campaigns as necessary to produce better results.
Without careful review of your campaign results, it's difficult to know what changes need to be made and how best to apply them.
We know that, in improving your campaigns, it's important to consider performance metrics in context, with due consideration for attribution models, typical time to purchase, and relative traffic volumes.
Using both referral and performance data, we'll identify what's working and what's not. We'll make the changes designed to get you more visitors who convert or show strong interest in what you offer and fewer visitors that don't.
Messaging, images, keywords, landing pages, bid strategy and targeting options – all should be tested and optimised over time, along with your offer.