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University of NottinghamManuscripts and Special CollectionsLearning ResourcesBiographiesWilliam Augustus, Duke of Cumberland (1721-1765; army officer)
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William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland (1721-1765; army officer)
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William was the third son of the Prince of Wales, later George II, and was born in London, and was created Duke of Cumberland at the age of four. After two years in the navy, he transferred to the army in 1742 and soon attained the rank of major-general. Cumberland saw action in Europe between 1742 and 1745, and in 1745 was made captain-general of British land forces.
His military reputation was made during the Jacobite uprising of 1745-46. When Charles Edward Stuart, 'The Young Pretender', entered Edinburgh, Cumberland was ordered to send part of his army on the Continent to England. He landed in England on 19 October following General Cope's defeat at Prestonpans, and the following month took command of one of the armies in the south of England. He pursued Charles north from Derby and caught up with a portion of his army at Clifton near Penrith. The battle was inconclusive, but Cumberland ensured the surrender of the rebels at Carlisle before returning to London.
After the defeat of General Hawley at Falkirk in January 1746, Cumberland was appointed as commander of the forces in Scotland. He based his army in Aberdeen, and in April set out to engage with Charles's troops near Inverness.
Cumberland's victory at the battle of Culloden on 16 April 1746 was decisive, and he showed no mercy in dealing with the survivors. His soldiers were given orders to hunt down the rebels and excecute them. They pillaged the Highland countryside and burned the clansmen's huts, gaining Cumberland the nickname 'Butcher'. He left Scotland in July and received a hero's welcome in London, and an annual income of £25,000 for his victory.
In 1747 Cumberland resumed his command in Holland, but was defeated at the battle of Laeffelt. He returned to active service when the Seven Years War broke out, and was defeated at Hastenbeck in 1757. Cumberland signed the Treaty of Kloster-Zeven, to the anger of George II, who recalled him in disgrace. Cumberland resigned all his commissions. He took an interest in politics, and gave advice on military matters, but did not take an active public role during the remainder of his life. He suffered a stroke in 1760 and died in 1765.
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Q: Slick cannot load the image? So I'm following thenewboston's tutorials on Slick 2D. I'm loading the Image exactly as he said:
private org.newdawn.slick.Image playNow;
...
public void init(GameContainer gc, StateBasedGame sbg) throws SlickException {
...
playNow = new org.newdawn.slick.Image("res/playNow.png");

This is my Eclipse project tree:

This is the output it gives me:
Tue Jul 03 09:31:53 PDT 2012 INFO:Slick Build #274
Tue Jul 03 09:31:53 PDT 2012 INFO:LWJGL Version: 2.8.5
Tue Jul 03 09:31:53 PDT 2012 INFO:OriginalDisplayMode: 1366 x 768 x 32 @60Hz
Tue Jul 03 09:31:53 PDT 2012 INFO:TargetDisplayMode: 640 x 360 x 0 @0Hz
Tue Jul 03 09:31:53 PDT 2012 INFO:Starting display 640x360
Tue Jul 03 09:31:53 PDT 2012 INFO:Use Java PNG Loader = true
Tue Jul 03 09:31:53 PDT 2012 INFO:Controllers not available
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException: Resource not found: res/playNow.png
at org.newdawn.slick.util.ResourceLoader.getResourceAsStream(ResourceLoader.java:69)
at org.newdawn.slick.opengl.InternalTextureLoader.getTexture(InternalTextureLoader.java:169)
at org.newdawn.slick.Image.<init>(Image.java:196)
at org.newdawn.slick.Image.<init>(Image.java:170)
at org.newdawn.slick.Image.<init>(Image.java:158)
at org.newdawn.slick.Image.<init>(Image.java:136)
at net.sourceforge.whowantsakookie.hamblaster.Menu.init(Menu.java:21)
at net.sourceforge.whowantsakookie.hamblaster.Game.initStatesList(Game.java:20)
at org.newdawn.slick.state.StateBasedGame.init(StateBasedGame.java:164)
at org.newdawn.slick.AppGameContainer.setup(AppGameContainer.java:390)
at org.newdawn.slick.AppGameContainer.start(AppGameContainer.java:314)
at net.sourceforge.whowantsakookie.hamblaster.Game.main(Game.java:31)

The tutorial is located here
I am doing this exactly as the tutorial said, and it works for him in the video. Thanks in advance :)

A: No your problem is that the "res" folder is in the same folder as the "src" file is in!
move your "res" folder containing all of your pictures INTO the "src/net.sourceforge.whowant/" folder/package in your program.
In your program you will load it by using
playNow = new org.newdawn.slick.Image("res/playNow.png");

Hope this helps! :)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


An upscale hotel in the heart of Jordan Valley, Hilton Dead Sea promises contemporary comfort and breath-taking views. Unwind in spacious rooms equipped with air conditioning, wifi, satellite TV and minibar. The large spa onsite makes pampering yourself easy – indulge in a massage or beauty treatment, perhaps as a warm down after a workout in the fitness centre. Swim to the edge of the infinity pool to enjoy views of the Dead Sea as its salty waters lap the eastern shoreline. The resort has a purpose-built pontoon which makes it ideal for those who want to enjoy an obligatory float!
No need to leave the kids behind, as babysitter services, children's activities, a playground, a kids' swimming pool and children's menus at selected restaurants take the stress away from a family holiday.
Sample contemporary Lebanese cuisine at 1312, one of seven restaurants at the resort. For a European flavour, Bacchus serves Italian food, and for a meal with a view, try Spectrum's ground-floor terrace overlooking the Dead Sea.


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Q: Is there a jQuery equivalent to prototype Element.request() With Prototype, I used to type:
$("my_form").request();

This is supposed to perform an AJAX request of form#my_form. I Googled a bit but all I found is http://api.jquery.com/jQuery.ajax/, which doesn't really suits my need since I have to specify URL, data's, etc.

A: The jQuery Form Plugin allows you to perform AJAX requests from web forms:
$("#my_form").ajaxForm(function() {
    window.alert("Form submitted.");
});


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Engraved stelae found at Tel El-Dafna, a site in Egypt
Archaeologists working at the Tel El-Dafna site in Ismailia (Egypt), came across what is believed to be a religious stele belonging to the 26th Dynasty, that of Wah-Ib-Re. The stele is engraved in hieroglyphics but it has been broken into two parts, one 163 cm high and the other 86 cm. The base of the stele has also been discovered.
Mohamed Abdel Maqsoud, Secretary General of the Supreme Council of Antiquities (SCA), explained that such a style of stelae was well known in Greco-Roman times and they were called Apris and Hofra in the sacred texts.
He added that the excavation work carried out at Tel El-Dafna in the last three years revealed that the site was not only a military settlement of Greek mercenaries, but an urban Egyptian settlement built by King Psammetico I early in the 26th Dynasty.
Maqsoud pointed out that in the department stores that were found on the east and south sides of the east, they were filled with clay pots in the shape of the god Bes, and in addition, others imported from Cyprus were found, which indicates the good commercial relations between Greece and Egypt at that time.
In addition, in the site you can see kilns and handicraft tools, as well as a large temple.
Source: Ahram Online
After studying History at the University and after many previous tests, Red Historia was born, a project that emerged as a means of dissemination where you can find the most important news of archeology, history and humanities, as well as articles of interest, curiosities and much more. In short, a meeting point for everyone where they can share information and continue learning.
Video: Most MYSTERIOUS Discoveries Made In Egypt!
The Medieval Sickle
History of Ajax - History
World War II - History
1796 Election Results - History
Review: Volume 21 - Robert F. Kennedy
Adapt, Diversify, Find a Niche: Survival Tactics of Homo Sapiens That Brought World Domination
Julius A. Raven APD-110 - History
Society for Abolition of Slavery Established - History
Brief biography of Caligula, madness to power
Copyright © wolfgangpetersen.net | Engraved stelae found at Tel El-Dafna, a site in Egypt...

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Contact Mrs. Adams for more information.
On-Line Applications are NOW OPEN!
The traditional calendar timeline for the school year 2019-2020 has been approved by the Johnston County Board of Education. The first day of school is set for Aug. 26, 2019 and the last day of school is set for May 29, 2020.


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The FAMiLY LEADER invests in next generation leaders
Fifty-six Iowa (and beyond!) teenagers are ready to take on the world today, inspired to be ambassadors for Christ by The FAMiLY LEADER's first ever LEAD program.
LEAD challenges teens with a week of Christian worldview and leadership training, then culminates in hands-on experience as part of a mock legislature at the Iowa Capitol. But LEAD is far more than a "government camp," for its primary focus is on encouraging and equipping young people to be Christ-like leaders in whatever field God places them.
"I loved the intensely practical, yet discipleship-focused ministry that happened this week at LEAD," said Greg Baker, TFL's vice president of church engagement. "This may be one of the best things The FAMiLY LEADER has ever done."
One mom even brought her son and a friend all the way from Eugene, Oregon, to attend.
"We've been to a lot of camps, and LEAD has reset the bar," said Oregon mom Julie Stream, who also observed throughout the week. "The teens are charged to be the difference, to go out and influence the world. … And the LEAD staff have such a heart for the students. They're strong, solid leaders that you want to teach your children so that they will have that same inspiration and influence."
An organization called Student Statesmanship Institute pioneered LEAD in Michigan 25 years ago and helped TFL bring the program to Iowa for the first time this summer.
The 56 LEAD students spent the week on the campus of Grand View University in Des Moines, learning from a variety of instructors, including Dr. Del Tackett of The Truth Project, Pastor Todd Stiles of First Family Church in Ankeny, football Chaplain Chris Barr, and more. Then at the Capitol, teens worked with actual Iowa legislators and registered lobbyists to develop speeches the teens eventually delivered in the Capitol's former Iowa State Supreme Court chambers.
Iowa State Rep. Chris Hagenow of Urbandale was one of the legislators who led the students in a mock committee meeting, where the students discussed and debated actual bills that have come before the Iowa Legislature.
"LEAD is a great program to help get the next generation of Iowans more involved in the process, understanding how to have a better civic dialogue," Hagenow said. "I'm excited to be a part of it."
"I appreciate this process for how realistic it is for our students," echoed Iowa State Rep. Kevin Koester of Ankeny, who also led a student committee meeting. "They get a good taste of action at the Capitol and of the divisiveness of important issues. They did an excellent job of preparing, and I'm impressed just to be a part of this process with these kids. They're good!"
The LEAD staff also came away thoroughly impressed with the teens.
"You hear too often discouraging headlines about today's youth," said TFL Multimedia Director Glen Cornell. "But I was so encouraged by this group of teens. This LEAD week revealed they have much more to contribute than we realize and represent so much hope for our future. They're amazing!"
The FAMiLY LEADER welcomed this opportunity to engage students with LEAD because of TFL's commitment to inspiring Christ-like leadership in the home, the church, and the government.
"These kids are the future," explains Bob Vander Plaats, president and CEO of The FAMiLY LEADER, "and it means a lot to invest in them in every way that we can, especially counter-culturally to what they receive elsewhere, with a program that is Christ-centered."
Bob was particularly grateful for a question one of the students asked during a Q & A session, wondering how to live out the biblical example of servant leadership as a senior on his high school football team. The young man wanted to transform the "privileged senior" culture of his team's locker room into a "building others up" mentality.
"That kind of leadership is a tangible way to not only impact a football team, but also to impact your school, your church, your family, your community," Vander Plaats said afterward. "These students have a lot of ways to make an impact, and I think what you're going to see here is 56 kids who are going to be ambassadors for Christ."
Join TFL in investing in the next generation of Christian leaders. Give to the work of The FAMiLY LEADER today!


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beer law
Provo City Council Approves Brewpub Ordinance
Tim Haran/ February 19, 2020 February 24, 2020
The Provo City Council on Tuesday approved an ordinance amendment that would allow for restaurants to brew beer onsite. Adjusting the land-use code means brewpubs could ultimately begin operating in certain sections of the city. The 4-3 council vote clears the way for beer brewing in two separate downtown zones,…
A New Era for Utah Beer: 5% Brews to Hit Tap Handles, Grocery Store Shelves
Tim Haran/ October 31, 2019 February 5, 2021
It's not a Halloween trick. In fact, Utah craft beer drinkers will go to bed tonight knowing a special treat will be waiting for them Nov. 1. That's when 5% beer will available on draft and in grocery and convenience stores throughout the state. Utah's longstanding so-called "3.2 Law" will…
Say Goodbye to 3.2% Beer Law in Utah
Tim Haran/ March 15, 2019 February 25, 2020
Utah is poised to ditch its 3.2% beer law. A watered-down version of a bill brought before the Utah state legislature passed Thursday on the final day of the 2019 session. It would allow for Utah's grocery and convenience stores to sell beer containing up to 4% alcohol by weight…
Will Utah Do Away with its 3.2% Beer Law?
Tim Haran/ February 6, 2019 February 25, 2020
Updated Feb. 8 with additional comments after SB132 passed a Senate committee hearing. It could be last call for Utah's longstanding 3.2% beer law if a bill brought before the state legislature passes. The measure (SB132), sponsored by Jerry Stevenson, R-Layton, would allow for Utah's grocery and convenience stores to sell beer…


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Items where Subject is "Health > Pharmacotherapy"
Pharmacotherapy (26)
Pasternak, Richard C. (2002) The ALLHAT Lipid Lowering Trial—Less Is Less. JAMA, 288 (23). pp. 3042-3044.
Rugnetta, Michael and Desai, Khusboo (2011) Addressing Race and Genetics Health Disparities in the Age of Personalized Medicine. Other. Science Progress.
Rosenthal, Jorge and Raymond, Dawn and Morita, Julie and McCauley, Mary and Diaz, Pam and David, Felicita and Rodewald, Lance (2002) African-American Children Are at Risk of a Measles Outbreak in an Inner-City Community of Chicago, 2000. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 23 (3). pp. 195-199.
Sankar, Pamela and Kahn, Jonathan (2005) BiDil: Race Medicine Or Race Marketing? Health Affairs, W5. pp. 455-463.
Topol, Eric J (2005) Cholesterol, racial variation and targeted medicines. Nature Medicine, 11 (2). pp. 122-123.
Alexander-Bridges, M. and Doan, L. L. (2007) Commentary on "Increasing Minority Participation in Clinical Research": A White Paper from The Endocrine Society. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 92 (12). pp. 4557-4559. ISSN 0021-972X
Twombly, J. G. and Long, Q. and Zhu, M. and Wilson, P. W. F. and Narayan, K. M. V. and Fraser, L. A. and Webber, B. C. and Phillips, L. S. (2010) Diabetes Care in Black and White Veterans in the Southeastern U.S. Diabetes Care, 33 (5). pp. 958-963. ISSN 0149-5992
Nelson, Karin and Norris, Keith and Mangione, Carol M (2002) Disparities in the diagnosis and pharmacologic treatment of high serum cholesterol by race and ethnicity: data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Archives of internal medicine, 162 (8). pp. 929-935. ISSN 0003-9926
Brown, David (2007) Herpes Awareness Project Divides Health Officials. WashingtonPost.com.
Irigoyen, Matilde and LaRussa, Philip and Findley, Sally E and Chen, Shaofu and Caesar, Arturo and Tesler, Peter (2003) Impact of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices' 4-Day Grace Period in a Low-Income Community. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 25 (3). pp. 245-250.
Agodoa, Lawrence and Alanis, Alfonso J. and Alexander-Bridges, Maria and Doan, Loretta L. and Fleming, G. Alexander and Getz, Ken and Gibbs, Brian K. and Prothrow-Stith, Deborah The Endocrine Society (2007) Increasing Minority Participation in Clinical Research. Discussion Paper. UNSPECIFIED.
Levinson, Arnold H and Pérez-Stable, Eliseo J and Espinoza, Paula and Flores, Estevan T and Byers, Tim E (2004) Latinos report less use of pharmaceutical aids when trying to quit smoking. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 26 (2). pp. 105-111. ISSN 07493797
Furberg, Curt D. and Wright, Jackson T., Jr. and Davis, Barry R. and Cutler, Jeffrey A. and Alderman, Michael and Black, Henry and Cushman, William and Grimm, Richard and Haywood, L. Julian and Leenen, Frans The ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group (2002) Major Outcomes in Moderately Hypercholesterolemic, Hypertensive Patients Randomized to Pravastatin vs Usual Care. JAMA, 288 (23). pp. 2998-3007.
Hall-Lipsy, E. A. and Chisholm-Burns, M. A. (2010) Pharmacotherapeutic disparities: Racial, ethnic, and sex variations in medication treatment. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 67 (6). pp. 462-468. ISSN 1079-2082
Fu, Steven S. and Burgess, Diana J. and Hatsukami, Dorothy K. and Noorbaloochi, Siamak and Clothier, Barbara A. and Nugent, Sean and van Ryn, Michelle (2008) Race and Nicotine Replacement Treatment Outcomes Among Low-Income Smokers. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 35 (6). S442-S448. ISSN 07493797
Kahn, Jonathan (2007) Race in a Bottle. Scientific American.com.
Tamayo-Sarver, Joshua H. and Hinze, Susan W. and Cydulka, Rita K. and Baker, David W. (2003) Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Emergency Department Analgesic Prescription. American Journal of Public Health, 93 (12). pp. 2067-2073. ISSN 0090-0036
Gerber, Ben S and Cho, Young Ik and Arozullah, Ahsan M and Lee, Shoou-Yih D (2010) Racial differences in medication adherence: A cross-sectional study of Medicare enrollees. The American journal of geriatric pharmacotherapy, 8 (2). pp. 136-145. ISSN 1876-7761
Huang, E. S. and Brown, S. E.S. and Thakur, N. and Carlisle, L. and Foley, E. and Ewigman, B. and Meltzer, D. O. (2008) Racial/Ethnic Differences in Concerns About Current and Future Medications Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care, 32 (2). pp. 311-316. ISSN 0149-5992
Fu, S. S. and Kodl, M. M. and Joseph, A. M. and Hatsukami, D. K. and Johnson, E. O. and Breslau, N. and Wu, B. and Bierut, L. (2008) Racial/Ethnic Disparities in the Use of Nicotine Replacement Therapy and Quit Ratios in Lifetime Smokers Ages 25 to 44 Years. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention, 17 (7). pp. 1640-1647. ISSN 1055-9965
Kerr, Martha (2008) Salsalate cuts blood sugar levels in obese adults. UNSPECIFIED.
Covey, Lirio S and Botello-Harbaum, Maria and Glassman, Alexander H and Masmela, Jenny and LoDuca, Catherine and Salzman, Victoria and Fried, Jane (2008) Smokers' response to combination bupropion, nicotine patch, and counseling treatment by race/ethnicity. Ethnicity & disease, 18 (1). pp. 59-64. ISSN 1049-510X
Ahluwalia, J. S. (2002) Sustained-Release Bupropion for Smoking Cessation in African Americans: A Randomized Controlled Trial. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 288 (4). pp. 468-474. ISSN 00987484
Appel, Lawrence J. (2002) The Verdict From ALLHAT—Thiazide Diuretics Are the Preferred Initial Therapy for Hypertension. JAMA, 288 (23). pp. 3039-3042.
Robles, Gisela I and Singh-Franco, Devada and Ghin, Hoytin Lee (2008) A review of the efficacy of smoking-cessation pharmacotherapies in nonwhite populations. Clinical therapeutics, 30 (5). pp. 800-812. ISSN 0149-2918


Contributed by the Fluids Engineering Division of ASME for publication in the JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING. Manuscript received October 24, 2017; final manuscript received March 26, 2018; published online May 2, 2018. Assoc. Editor: Devesh Ranjan.
A simple procedure for calculating the pressure at the onset and termination of condensation shocks that occur in steam nozzles and steam turbine blade passages is presented. In addition, the location of the termination of the condensation shock with reference to the throat location is also predicted. The procedure is based entirely on thermodynamic and gas dynamic considerations, without using a model for droplet nucleation and growth and the nozzle profile. The only input required is the stagnation condition at the inlet to the nozzle. The procedure requires the solution of a system of algebraic equations which can be accomplished quite easily. Calculations have been carried out for several inlet stagnation conditions and the predictions are compared with the available experimental data. The agreement is seen to be reasonable considering the simplicity of the procedure.
Kearton, W. J. , 2004, Steam Turbine Theory and Practice, 7th ed., Pitman, London.
Moore, M. J. , Walters, P. T. , Crane, R. I. , and Davidson, B. J. , 1973, " Predicting the Fog Drop Size in Wet Steam Turbines," IMechE Conference on Heat and Fluid Flow in Steam and Gas Turbine Plant, Coventry, UK, Apr. 3–5, pp. 101–109.
Young, J. B. , and Bakhtar, F. , 1976, " Comparison Between Theoretical Calculations and Experimental Measurements of Droplet Sizes in Nucleating Steam Flows," Trans. Inst. Fluid-Flow Mach., 70–72, pp. 259–271.
Expansion of initially superheated steam in a nozzle. Exit state is marked e.
Babu VV. A Simple and Fast Method for Calculating Properties Across a Condensation Shock. ASME. J. Fluids Eng. 2018;140(10):104501-104501-3. doi:10.1115/1.4039864.


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ISET Indexes
Khachapuri Index Pension Calculator
GDP Forecast REMLab
Consumer Confidence More Indexes
New Year Supra Index – 2019 Edition!
ISET hosts its first international conference on gender economics. Key note speakers from World Bank and UN Women HQs give addresses
Sweden supports the ISET Policy Institute as independent economics think-tank
A billion lari reform: what does ex-post RIA say about it?
ISET Policy Institute Recognized Globally
Business Confidence Index: The Retail Trade Sector Optimistic for the Holiday Season
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Based at the International School of Economics at Tbilisi State University (ISET), the ISET Policy Institute (ISET-PI) is one of the first university-...
Data Scientist at the ISET Policy Institute
ISET representative attends economic meeting ...
On November 28-29, Deputy Head of the APRC Salome Gelashvili attended the annual "Dushanbe Economic Meeting 2019" conference in Tajikistan. The confer...
News Agriculture
APRC team presents RIA results to stakeholder...
On November 13, the Agricultural Policy Research Center at ISET-PI presented the main results of the Regulatory Impact Assessment (RIA) of the draft l...
IMF Deputy Director for CCA visits ISET, pres...
On November 8, ISET was visited by Mr. Juha Kahkonen, Deputy Director of the Middle East and Central Asia Department of the IMF, who gave a presentati...
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On October 25th, ISET was visited by Dr. Robert A. Lawson of the Fraser Institute. In a highly entertaining and often humorous lecture, Dr. Lawson dis...
Scientists Develop New Electricity-Free Cooli...
Engineers at Buffalo University (NY) have recently designed a new system which will help to cool buildings in a crowded metropolitan city without cons...
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In July 2019, the Georgian National Energy and Water Supply Regulatory Commission (GNERC) introduced changes to electricity supply and consumption rul...
ISET-PI study presented at the stakeholder fo...
On November 20, the study "Mapping of Emerging and Potential Clusters in Georgia" carried out by the ISET Policy Institute in cooperation ...
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World Bank Group visits ISET, discusses taxin...
On November 19, ISET was visited by Mr. Alan Fuchs of the World Bank Group, whose presentation, 'Taxing Tobacco in Georgia: The welfare and distributi...
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November 15-16 witnessed the largest and most high-profile event of ISET's year: the first international conference on gender economics entitled...
News Education and Social Policy
Former ISET faculty returns, discusses health...
Almost as soon as they are through the front doors, new arrivals to ISET are told that the institute is like a family, and it does not take long befor...
Based at the International School of Economics at Tbilisi State University (ISET), the ISET Policy Institute (ISET-PI) is one of the first university-based think tanks in the South Caucasus. ISET-PI complements the educational mission of ISET by delivering training, conducting research and analysis, expressing views on policy, and providing a professional platform for policy discussions and debates.
ISET-PI is seeking a Data Scientist who will report to the ISET-PI Deputy Director. Main responsibilities include:
• Operation of the center
o Establishing the data center with below characteristics and time horizon
o Managing data storage and organization
ISET Lectures, Seminars and Trainings
Taxing Tobacco in Georgia: The welfare and distributional ga...
On November 19, ISET was visited by Mr. Alan Fuchs of the World Bank Group, whose presentation, 'Taxing Tobacco in Georgia: The welfare and distributional gains of quitting smoking', delved into the welfare and distributional impact of increasi...
'Data Looks Better Naked' – Darkhorse Analytics visits ISET...
On the 13th of November, ISET was visited by Joey Cherdarchuk of Darkhorse Analytics, a Canadian company specializing in data science and information design. The firm is dedicated to helping organizations and individuals present their data in a clear...
Caucasus and Central Asia: Outlook and Policy Challenges
On November 8, ISET was visited by Mr. Juha Kahkonen, Deputy Director of the Middle East and Central Asia Department of the IMF, who gave a presentation on the fact that global trade tensions and slowing growth amongst key trading partners are affect...
Economic Freedom and Achievements of Georgia
On October 25th, ISET was visited by Dr. Robert A. Lawson of the Fraser Institute. In a highly entertaining and often humorous lecture, Dr. Lawson discussed a wide variety of topics, including the notion of economic freedom, research into economic li...
Doing Makes The Difference
On October 2nd, ISET was visited by representatives of FMO, the Dutch Entrepreneurial Bank, who came to talk about the Bank's activities and its investments in Georgia. Mr. Jan-Willem Hoek, Investment Officer, and Ms. Naomi Campbell, Environmen...
Index of Economic Freedom
That Georgia is making strident progress on a variety of international indices is widely reported in the domestic press, but many Georgians may still view claims of their country ranking highly on global lists of safety and economic freedom with a de...
The Role of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in Developmen...
Independent entrepreneurship is one of the main drivers of economic development and often manifests itself in the form of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). These start-ups trigger innovation, boost productivity and bring about structural change. ...
The Effects of Georgia's Universal Health Coverage Program o...
Almost as soon as they are through the front doors, new arrivals to ISET are told that the institute is like a family, and it does not take long before the truth of these words is proved. ISET alumni frequently come back to visit, and not just to pay...
To stop, or not to Stop: Non-monetary Incentives
'There are two types of people' is the common opening for a number of jokes and idioms, but as research carried out by ISET alumnus Ala Avoyan (now of the University of Indiana) shows, there is some truth to this old adage. Two different...
Is overworking bad for your health?
The debate over working hours has become a frequent topic of discussion in recent years, especially as increasing numbers of modern industries (especially workplaces such as technology startups) find the traditional nine-to-five standard incompatible...
Effects of the past: how Stalin's deportations have affected...
It may appear as though the subject of gender and gender norms is a fairly recent socio-political phenomenon – particularly in Eastern Europe and Central Asia – but it does, in fact, have a longer history than might initially be thought, ...
Training in Value Chain Analysis for Social Enterprises
September 17-18 2018, the APRC's Rati Kochlamazashvili and Pati Mamardashvili conducted a training exercise for Civil Society Organizations (CSO) running Social Enterprises (SE) in value chain analysis and development. In the recent years, SE ...
Policy Center Trainings
Electricity Trading Training Program
Georgia committed to harmonize its electricity market legislation with EU Third Energy Package and liberalize it according to the accession protocol with the Energy Community. These structural changes are expected to contribute to a more efficient fu...
Integrating Ecosystem Services into Local Development Planni...
ISET Policy Institute collaborated with Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) starts a training course about integrating ecosystem services into local development planning. Integrating Ecosystem Services into Local Development Pl...
STATA Training for Competition Agency Staff
ISET-PI trains Competition Agency of Georgia Staff in the basics of econometrics and STATA. The objective of the training is to strengthen the capacity of the Competition Agency staff to use STATA to conduct independent data analysis, run OLS regress...
Economics, Finance and Banking
ISET is implementing a new training program, "Economics, Finance and Banking," with VTB Bank. The aim of the program is to introduce VTB Bank's employees to the major principles of economics, finance and banking. The training program is now being co...
The Paths Towards Inclusive Economic Growth in Georgia
Vacancies at ISET
Data Analyst/Software Developer
Data Scientist at ISET-PI
ახალი წლის სუფრის ინდექსი 2019
სოფლის მეურნეობის ახალი სტრატეგია
ინფლაციის ეფექტი
ენგურჰესის რეაბილიტაცია


Let the fun begin! The Carnival Breeze has all the bells and whistles of a Carnival "Fun Ship" with several bars, lounges and restaurants. Built in 2012, you can also enjoy the SkyCourse, an exciting ropes course, and the Punchliner Comedy Club presented by George Lopez on the Carnival Breeze. Don't forget the Thrill Theater, which delivers a movie going experience in not one, two or three, but 4D. As you are transported into a make believe world on screen, don't be surprised if you start to move. No, it's not the ocean rocking; it's your seat. So strap in for an adventure worthy of the movies.
When seeking some fun aboard the Carnival Breeze, simply look up. The SportsSquare on the top of the ship is filled with adventures and games you'll write home about. Up here you can compete in an obstacle course in the air, balancing on beams and ropes. You can also play a round of miniature golf and join a game of basketball.
Experience the Caribbean even if you are sailing to Asia, Australia or Africa at the RedFrog Rum Bar. This island-themed bar offers lots of rum drinks along with Carnival's private label beer, the ThirstyFrog Red. After enough of the warm ambiance, you might want to walk on over to the pool for a little dip.
Get your laugh on at the ship's comedy club. Carnival has partnered with talk show host, sitcom star and all around funny guy George Lopez to feature some of the funniest comedians around. While Lopez isn't on every ship, he does help pick the comedians that will be on your sailing, so you can rest assured you're in for some great shows.


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Morgan Stanley Targets Technology Layoffs
by Sarah Butcher December 19, 2019 5 min read
AgileIT ManagementLayoffsMorgan Stanleytechnology
Just over a week since Morgan Stanley's redundancies were first reported, and it's becoming clearer who the 1,500 layoffs affected. Those at the sharp end of the proverbial stick seem to have worked on the firm's technology teams… in particular, the technology managing directors (MDs) and executive directors (EDs).
Morgan Stanley isn't commenting on the cuts, but insiders say they involved a large number of MDs in the bank's technology ranks. It's the biggest restructuring of the team in years. "Technology was hardest hit. This was the worst RIF [reduction in force] in my whole time there," says one MD who was put at risk. "A lot of experience walked out the door."
Sources say that at least one individual was told he could keep his job if he moved to Mumbai: "This was a restructuring, not just a culling of people who weren't performing… A lot of the people at risk are very senior and very good."
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Some of the MDs at risk are understood to include: David Harding, Morgan Stanley's international technology COO in London, who joined the bank in 2005; Jess Hainey, London-based head of Product Reference Data Technology, who'd been at the bank since 2000 and was considered a star in the tech function; Olivier Masdebrieu in Hong Kong, who'd been at the bank 23 years; Louella San Juan, the New York-based head of Agile enablement who joined in 1998; Chris Woodward, head of Agile operating model design, who joined five years ago from Trafigura; Sundeep Kripalani, the New York head of global operations technology, who joined from Credit Suisse in 2015; and Anna Harrison in New York, who joined over 25 years ago.
At the ED and vice-president level, cuts are understood to include: Joseph Henriques, program manager for the securities financing transactions regulation, who worked at Morgan Stanley for eight years; Nabina Shrestha in prime brokerage technology (after 19 years); Dov Levy in securities lending technology (also after 19 years); Sam Fawcett, the former finance technology chief of staff (after 20 years); Jonathan Reed in equity derivatives technology (after 21 years); Leslie Cameron (after 23 years); Hilary Strong in London operations technology (after 10 years); and Meryl Klein in New York (after 27 years).
Morgan Stanley did not confirm the names above, and none of the individuals listed responded to a request to clarify their situations. As they are only at risk and haven't actually left, they could still stay with the bank.
Many of those at risk have spent their entire careers at Morgan Stanley, and some confessed to a sense of disorientation. "They seemed to target more senior employees," said one.
When the redundancies were first flagged last week, one unnamed Morgan Stanley source described them as "robust cost management." Those let go said they were unclear why the cuts were so heavily focused on technology, but several people attributed them to Rob Rooney, the former head of fixed income sales and trading who was appointed head of technology for the bank in 2018. Rooney has set about modernizing Morgan Stanley's technology function, and is encouraging the adoption of Agile methodologies (apparently with help from outside consultants). In 2015, Rooney cut 25 percent of staff from the fixed income division. The feeling at Morgan Stanley is that he's now working the same vein in the company's tech.
A modified version of this article appeared on eFinancialCareers.
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Sarah Butcher
Sarah Butcher is the global editor for eFinancialCareers. Before joining eFinancialCareers, she spent many years freelancing for Financial News, during which time she also wrote regular pieces on management and property for the Financial Times. She's also been known to write (under a pseudonym) for the Sunday Times.


It has been a while since I posted but I just wanted to let everyone know that I did have my IUD removed and now six months later I weigh 25 pounds less, have energy and no joint aches or pelvic pain anymore. I feel so normal again!! I really try to advocate to friends now about the Mirena and tell them what it can do to them. I feel that it is our responsibilty (those of use who have had one and experienced the horrible side effects) to get the word out. I can't imagine sitting by and letting someone that I care about go through what I went through. Good luck to anyone who is awaiting a removal or anticipating a removal (just do it because you will be glad that you did). If I hear of an active lawsuit I can assure you that I will take part and I will post on this site of such. Best wishes to you all.


Choice Painting is a family owned and operated full service painting and home improvement company that has provided residents and commercial of Monmouth County and the surrounding areas professional, quality service for over 5 years. The quality of our work speaks for itself, with YOUR satisfaction guaranteed. The owner is on the premises for all jobs to ensure that you will be pleased with the results.


NBC News says that a freelancer working in Liberia has tested positive for Ebola.
The freelancer, who NBC is not identifying, was hired Tuesday as a cameraman for chief medical editor Nancy Snyderman, who is reporting on the Ebola outbreak there.
Snyderman and the rest of the crew are being monitored closely, but so far show no symptoms or warning signs, according to NBC. The freelancer will be treated in the U.S.
"As you know, Dr. Nancy Snyderman and our news team are in Liberia covering the Ebola outbreak. One of the members of their crew is an American freelance cameraman who has worked in Liberia for the past three years and has recently been covering the epidemic for US media outlets. On Tuesday he began working with our team. Today, he tested positive for Ebola.
"We are doing everything we can to get him the best care possible. He will be flown back to the United States for treatment at a medical center that is equipped to handle Ebola patients. We are consulting with the CDC, Medecins Sans Frontieres and others. And we are working with Dr. Nancy on the ground in Liberia.
"We are also taking all possible measures to protect our employees and the general public. The rest of the crew, including Dr. Nancy, are being closely monitored and show no symptoms or warning signs. However, in an abundance of caution, we will fly them back on a private charter flight and then they will place themselves under quarantine in the United States for 21 days – which is at the most conservative end of the spectrum of medical guidance.
"We know you share our concern for our colleagues and we will continue to keep you up to date and informed. Please don't hesitate to reach out to me or David Verdi with any questions.


"BECAUSE WE SEEK" // Nadia Fairfax x David Jones PART TWO of THREE.
Our second adventure – The Cultural Journey. Time to engage in the wonderful yet complex culture that exists in todays society.
Be inspired by a new book, a well-written classic film, invest in learning a new language or take a deeper interest in art.
I took a trip to Bendigo, Victoria to visit one of the newest members of The Art Series Hotel Group – The Schaller Studio. Being cultured means to respond to culture and one of the best ways to do this is to create your own. The Schaller Studio is built with an artist in mind – Work desks, Loads of natural light and edgy communal spaces.
Pick up a paint brush or pencil and surprise yourself. Let whatever your create inspire your style this spring.
All looks available via DAVID JONES.
Photos by the sensational Michelle Tran. Hair and Make up by the hilarious Caroline Massola.
A special thanks to Camilla Deauge and the team at The Schaller Studio.


Freezing processes are reported for pure-water droplets generated in a vacuum in the size range of 49–71 μm in diameter. The process is characterized for each size by measurement of a freezing curve, where the fraction of frozen droplets is evaluated as a function of time. The 49 μm droplet was found to freeze at a time between 7.0 and 7.9 ms after being generated at room temperature, where the fraction of frozen droplets increased from 5% to 95%; the freezing time was thus distributed statistically within 1 ms. The freezing time was retarded by about 3 ms as the size increases from 49 to 71 μm, while the rise time of the freezing curve was almost unchanged. Numerical simulation of a cooling curve, i.e., the temperature of a droplet as a function of time, revealed that the droplets in the present size range are frozen at almost the same temperature between 233 and 236 K. The freezing curves measured in the experiment were well reproduced by numerical simulation based on the simulated cooling curves combined with the temperature dependence of the volume-based homogeneous ice nucleation rates of pure water reported previously. It was also found that a droplet is disintegrated into a few fragments upon freezing, which suggests formation of a frozen shell in the outer region of a droplet.


The Icelandic Name generator can generate 16 names randomly, 8 for males and 8 for females, you can generate the specified quantity and specified gender names and you can generate up to 50 names at a time, but you can refresh to generate more, we have more than 2,000 first names and more than 6,000 last names , you can generate more than 12,000,000 Icelandic names.
Icelandic names differ from most current Western family name systems by being patronymic or occasionally matronymic: they indicate the father (or mother) of the child and not the historic family lineage. Iceland shares a common cultural heritage with the Scandinavian countries of Norway, Sweden and Denmark with the Faroe Islands. Icelanders, however, unlike other Scandinavians, have continued to use their traditional name system, which was formerly used by all Nordic nations except partly Finland.[a] The Icelandic system is thus not based on family names (although some people do have family names and might use both systems). Generally, a person's last name indicates the first name of their father (patronymic) or in some cases mother (matronymic)--wikipedia.


The Transportation Capital Improvement Plan (CIP) is an inventory of all multi-modal transportation needs throughout the City and is an appendix to Transportation Master Plan (TMP). The CIP was updated using an inter-disciplinary team and "triple bottom line" approach that includes environmental, economic, and social factors as project prioritization criteria in conjunction with the traditional transportation criteria.
The focus of the 2012 update was to ensure that the CIP is accurate, up-to-date, and more user-friendly. The update also supports the action steps specified in the 2011 TMP/CIP. This is an administrative update to the CIP.


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Athanasius Kircher (soms gespeld als Kirchner) (Geisa, 2 mei 1602 – Rome, 27 november 1680) was een Duitse jezuïet en een geleerde uit de Renaissance, die rond de 40 boeken heeft geschreven, waarvan de bekendste over de oriënt, geologie en geneeskunde gaan. Hij was ook een van de eersten die Egyptische hiërogliefen bestudeerde en micro-organismen onder de microscoop bekeek, waardoor hij de voor die tijd vernieuwende theorie bedacht dat de pest veroorzaakt werd door micro-organismen. Hij stelde een aantal doeltreffende maatregelen voor om de verspreiding van de pest tegen te gaan.

Kircher is vanwege zijn inventiviteit en brede belangstelling wel vergeleken met Leonardo da Vinci. Hij leverde op zeer uiteenlopende gebieden belangrijke bijdragen aan de wetenschap; zijn motto luidde in uno omnia (alles in een). Hoewel hij door zijn tijdgenoten als een groot geleerde werd beschouwd, raakte hij aan het einde van zijn leven door het opkomende rationalisme van René Descartes en anderen in de wetenschap in de vergetelheid. Hij is wel de laatste Renaissancemens genoemd. Aan het einde van de 20e eeuw kwam zijn werk opnieuw in de belangstelling, vooral vanwege de esthetische waarde die vooral aan de illustraties van zijn boeken wordt toegedicht.

Levensloop
Kircher werd op 2 mei 1601 of 1602 (hij wist zelf niet welk jaar) geboren in Geisa in de buurt van Fulda, als jongste van een gezin met negen kinderen. Van 1614 tot 1618 ging hij naar het jezuïtische college in Fulda, waarna hij toetrad tot de orde om het seminarie te kunnen volgen. Naast zijn opleiding leerde Kircher Hebreeuws van een plaatselijke rabbijn. Ook studeerde hij filosofie en theologie in Paderborn.

In 1622 moest hij echter naar Keulen vluchten vanwege de opkomende reformatie. Onderweg ontsnapte hij ternauwernood aan de verdrinkingsdood toen hij door het ijs zakte bij het oversteken van de Rijn. Op reis van Keulen naar Heiligenstadt werd hij gevangengenomen en bijna opgehangen door een groep protestantse soldaten. In Heiligenstadt werkte hij als leraar wiskunde, Hebreeuws en Aramees. Bij een bezoek van de keurvorst en aartsbisschop van Mainz aan de stad zorgde Kircher voor vuurwerk, wat als een vroege aanwijzing voor zijn interesse in techniek wordt beschouwd. Hij werd in 1628 tot katholiek priester gewijd, waarna hij hoogleraar werd in de ethiek en wiskunde aan de Universiteit van Würzburg, wat hem niet belette tegelijkertijd les te geven in Hebreeuws en Aramees. Vanaf 1628 begon hij interesse te tonen voor hiërogliefen.

Kircher publiceerde zijn eerste boek (Ars Magnesia, over zijn onderzoek naar magnetisme) in 1631, maar in hetzelfde jaar werd hij door de Dertigjarige Oorlog gedwongen uit Würzburg naar Avignon (Zuid-Frankrijk) te vertrekken, waar hij aan de pauselijke Universiteit van Avignon ging werken. In 1633 werd hij door keizer Ferdinand II naar Wenen gehaald om daar Johannes Kepler op te volgen als wiskundige aan het Habsburgse hof. Deze benoeming werd na interventie van de astronoom Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc herroepen, die hem in plaats daarvan naar Rome haalde, waar hij vanaf 1638 aan het Collegio Romano les gaf in wiskunde, natuurkunde en oosterse talen. Kircher zou de rest van zijn leven in Rome blijven, waar hij malaria en de Zwarte Dood bestudeerde. Hij stelde een verzameling voorwerpen uit het Oude Egypte (die hij van Peiresc had gekregen), samen met apparaten die hij zelf had uitgevonden, permanent ten toon in het Museum Kircherianum.

Kircher ontdekte in 1661 de ruïnes van een kerk die door Constantijn de Grote zou zijn gesticht op de plek waar Sint Eustachius een visioen had gehad van een Jezus tussen de horens van een hert. Hij zamelde geld in om de kerk te laten herbouwen. Dit werd de Santuario della Mentorella; Kirchers hart ligt in die kerk begraven.

Werk
Van Kirchers hand verscheen een groot aantal werken over een zeer groot aantal verschillende onderwerpen, zoals egyptologie, geologie en muziektheorie. Zijn geloof in syncretisme was er waarschijnlijk verantwoordelijk voor dat hij geen rekening hield met (tegenwoordig als vanzelfsprekend beschouwde) grenzen tussen vakgebieden. Zo onderzocht hij in zijn Magnes sive de arte magnetica magnetisme naast andere vormen van aantrekking als zwaartekracht en liefde. Waarschijnlijk zijn bekendste werk is zijn Oedipus Aegyptiacus (1652-1654), over egyptologie en comparitieve religie. Zijn boeken waren altijd in het Latijn geschreven en waren in de 17e eeuw wijdverbreid. Door de populariteit van zijn werk heeft Kircher grote invloed gehad op het verspreiden van wetenschappelijke ideeën onder een brede kring.

Egyptologie

Kircher was dé egyptoloog van zijn tijd. Terwijl sommige van zijn werken al een tijd als onbetrouwbaar worden beschouwd, is er voor sommige van zijn ideeën tegenwoordig weer waardering. Zeker is dat de egyptologie mede door Kircher een wetenschap werd.

Kirchers interesse voor Egypte werd gewekt in 1628, toen hij een verzameling hiërogliefen tegenkwam in de bibliotheek van Speyer. In 1633 leerde hij Koptisch en hij publiceerde de eerste grammatica van die taal in 1636 (Prodromus coptus sive aegyptiacus). In zijn Lingua aegyptiaca restituta uit 1643 beargumenteerde hij dat Koptisch geen taal was, maar het laatste stadium in de ontwikkeling van het (Oud)egyptisch. Hij ontdekte de relaties tussen het hiëratisch schrift en hiërogliefen.

In Oedipus Aegyptiacus beargumenteerde hij, daarbij als bron Horapollo's Hieroglyphica gebruikend, dat het Oudegyptisch de taal van Adam en Eva was, dat Hermes Trismegistus dezelfde persoon was als Mozes en dat hiërogliefen occulte symbolen zijn die niet als klanken of letters te vertalen zijn. Dankzij dit foute idee vertaalde hij simpele hiëroglifische teksten die nu getranslitereerd worden met dd Wsr ("Osiris spreekt") als "Het verraad van Typhon komt ten einde voor de troon van Isis; de vochtigheid der natuur wordt bewaakt door de oplettendheid van Anubis". Het lijkt erop dat Kircher zichzelf (en waarschijnlijk sommige tijdgenoten) ervan overtuigd had dat hij hiërogliefen kon lezen. Zijn "vertalingen" waren echter aan zijn fantasie ontsproten en hadden weinig te maken met de echte betekenis van de teksten.

Hoewel zijn vertalingen berustten op foute aannames, was Kircher de eerste die systematisch hiërogliefen bestudeerde. De door hem verzamelde data werden later door Jean-François Champollion (1790–1832) gebruikt bij zijn ontcijfering van het schrift. Kircher sloot, ondanks zijn aanname in zijn Oedipus Aegyptiacus, de mogelijkheid dat hiërogliefen een alfabet vormen, niet uit: hij beschreef in zijn systeem (incorrect) hoe het Grieks alfabet van 21 hiërogliefen afgeleid zou zijn.

In 1665 kreeg Kircher - die ten onrechte bekendstond als ontcijferaar van hiërogliefen - van Johannes Marcus Marci het zogenaamde Voynich-manuscript, in de hoop dat hij dat zou kunnen ontcijferen. Dat is nooit gelukt, zelfs nu nog niet. Mogelijk, dan wel vermoedelijk, is het een falsificatie. Rond dit manuscript bestaat een groot aantal publicaties met pogingen tot duiding.
Kirchner is blijkens een door Zandbergen in zijn correspondentie gevonden brief, in het bezit geweest van een kopie van dit geschrift, hij lijkt zich nooit aan een interpretatie te hebben gewaagd.

Kircher was ook actief betrokken bij de plaatsing van uit Egypte overgebrachte obelisken op pleinen in Rome. Vaak voegde hij op de obelisken zelfontworpen hiërogliefen toe, die moderne geleerden voor raadsels stellen.

Sinologie

Kircher was al vroeg geïnteresseerd in China, zoals blijkt uit het feit dat hij in 1629 vertelde als missionaris naar dat land te willen worden gezonden. Zijn China Monumentis (1667) was een encyclopedie over China, waarin naast nauwkeurige landkaarten ook mythische elementen zoals draken een plaats kregen. In het werk worden christelijke elementen in de Chinese geschiedenis benadrukt. De nestoriaanse christenen worden vermeld, maar ook neemt Kircher aan dat de Chinezen de afstammelingen zijn van de zonen van Cham, dat Confucius in feite dezelfde persoon is als Mozes en Hermes Trismegistus en dat de Chinese karakters afgeleid waren van de Egyptische hiërogliefen. In Kirchers systeem waren ideogrammen zoals de Chinese karakters inferieur aan hiërogliefen, omdat ze een specifieke betekenis hadden in plaats van voor mysterieuze abstracte concepten. De schriften van de Maya en Azteken zag hij als nog lager; dit waren pictogrammen die alleen betrekking konden hebben op voorwerpen.

Geologie

Tijdens een bezoek aan Zuid-Italië in 1638 liet Kircher zich naar beneden brengen in de krater van de Vesuvius, die toen op het punt van uitbarsten stond, zodat hij het binnenste van de vulkaan kon bestuderen. Hij bestudeerde er ook de Grotta del Cane, een fumarole. Hij werd gefascineerd door het ondergrondse gerommel dat hij hoorde bij de Straat van Messina. In zijn Mundus Subterraneus (1664) beschreef hij zijn geologische en geografische ideeën. Daarin schreef hij bijvoorbeeld getijdenwerking toe aan de stroming van water in en uit een ondergrondse oceaan.

Kircher werd ook gefascineerd door fossielen. Hij zag in dat sommige daarvan de overblijfselen van dieren zijn die op een of andere manier versteend waren, maar van andere dacht hij dat ze gemaakt waren door mensen of door de kracht van de aarde. De aarde zou in staat zijn zelf dierlijke vormen te maken. In feite waren niet alle objecten die Kircher probeerde te verklaren ook echte fossielen, dus is het achteraf gezien niet vreemd dat hij met meerdere verklaringen kwam.

Geneeskunde
Kirchner gebruikte moderne methoden om ziekten te bestuderen. In 1646 gebruikte hij een microscoop om bloed van slachtoffers van de pest te onderzoeken. In zijn Scrutinium Pestis (1658) beschreef hij de aanwezigheid van "kleine wormpjes" of "animalculen" in het bloed, waardoor hij concludeerde dat de ziekte werd veroorzaakt door micro-organismen. Hierin had hij het bij het juiste einde, hoewel het niet uitgesloten is dat wat hij door de microscoop zag, in feite rode of witte bloedcellen waren. Hij stelde hygiënische maatregelen voor om de verspreiding van de ziekte tegen te gaan, zoals isolatie en quarantaine van zieken, het verbranden van kleren die door slachtoffers waren gedragen en het dragen van gezichtsmaskers om het inademen van de schadelijke micro-organismen te voorkomen.

Machines en apparaten
In zijn Ars Magna Lucis et Umbrae (1646) beschreef Kircher de projectie van beelden op een scherm met behulp van een apparaat, vergelijkbaar met Christiaan Huygens' laterna magica. Kirchers apparaat gebruikte reflectie om beelden op de muur van een donkere kamer te projecteren. Hoewel Kircher het apparaat niet zelf uitvond, gaf hij het aanzienlijke verbeteringen. Het belang van Kirchers werk lag er ook in dat hij lichtprojectie niet als een bovennatuurlijk verschijnsel beschouwde. Kircher adviseerde degenen die de beelden vertoonden, het publiek duidelijk uit te leggen dat de beelden een natuurkundige verklaring hadden en niets met magie te maken hadden.

Onder Kirchers constructies bevond zich ook een magnetische klok, waarvan hij het mechanisme beschreef in zijn Magnes sive de arte magnetica (1641). De klok was uitgevonden door een andere Jezuïet, Francis Line, een kennis had het apparaat beschreven in 1634. Kirchers patroon Peiresc beredeneerde dat de beweging van de klok bewijs was voor Copernicus' model voor het zonnestelsel, omdat de magnetische bol in de klok door de magnetische kracht van de Zon zou worden aangetrokken. Kirchers model liet zien dat dit niet klopte, de draaiing kon ontstaan door een waterklok binnenin het apparaat.

Verder maakte Kircher ontwerpen voor een eolische harp, een robot die kon praten en luisteren, een perpetuüm mobile en een kattenpiano. Dat laatste was een piano waarbij katten in volgorde van het timbre van hun stem werden gerangschikt. Door de katten op hun staart te slaan zouden de dieren geluid maken wanneer een bepaalde toon geproduceerd moest worden. Waarschijnlijk heeft hij dit instrument overigens nooit gebouwd.

Overig
In zijn Musurgia Universalis (1650) beschrijft Kircher zijn ideeën over muziek. Hij geloofde dat de harmonie in muziek de proporties van het universum weerspiegelden. In het boek staat een ontwerp van een door stromend water aangedreven, zelfspelend orgel, de muzieknotatie van vogelzang en tekeningen van muziekinstrumenten. In Phonurgia Nova (1673) filosofeerde Kircher over mogelijkheden om muziek naar verre locaties te verzenden. In Polygraphia nova (1663) presenteerde hij een zelfontworpen wereldtaal. Een deel van zijn muziekinstrumentenverzameling maakt tegenwoordig deel uit van het Nationaal muziekinstrumentenmuseum in Rome.

Kircher was in het bezit van een kopie van het Voynichmanuscript. Dit was hem in 1666 toegezonden door Jan Marci, die hoopte dat Kircher in staat zou zijn het te ontcijferen. Het manuscript bleef in het Collegio Romano tot 1870, toen koning Victor Emanuel II van Italië de Kerkelijke Staat annexeerde.

Na de contrareformatie had de allegorische interpretatie in Zuid-Europa plaatsgemaakt voor de letterlijke interpretatie van de Bijbel. In 1675 publiceerde Kircher zijn Arca Noë, waarin hij de resultaten van zijn onderzoek naar de ark van Noach beschreef. Kircher beschreef dat gezien de in de Bijbel genoemde maten van de ark en het bij hem bekende aantal soorten (daarbij insecten en andere soorten die geacht werden spontaan te ontstaan niet meerekenend), er genoeg ruimte in de ark moest zijn geweest. Hij speculeerde ook over de logistiek aan boord van de ark, bijvoorbeeld of extra dieren waren meegenomen om de vleeseters aan boord van voedsel te voorzien.

Invloed

Gedurende het grootste gedeelte van zijn leven was Kircher een van de bekendste en invloedrijkste geleerden van zijn tijd. Zijn boeken werden over de hele Westerse wereld gelezen. Zijn invloed verliep op twee manieren: behalve zijn eigen onderzoek en experimenten onderhield hij een correspondentie met meer dan 760 geleerden, medici en andere jezuïeten, verspreid over alle delen van de wereld. Kirchners werk was erg populair, hij was de eerste geleerde die zichzelf met de opbrengst van zijn boeken kon onderhouden.

Hoewel aan het einde van zijn leven zijn methoden door de rationalist René Descartes in twijfel werden getrokken en zijn werk daarna vergeten werd, zou hij op veel terreinen een solide basis voor verder onderzoek achterlaten.

Kircher werd "herontdekt" aan het einde van de 20e eeuw. Het kan zijn dat zijn eclectische aanpak goed samengaat met het hedendaagse postmodernisme. Omdat Kirchers werken nu sterk verouderd zijn en geen wetenschappelijke waarde meer hebben, is de hedendaagse belangstelling voor zijn werk vooral te danken aan de vaak bijzondere afbeeldingen in zijn boeken.

De schrijver Umberto Eco heeft over Kircher geschreven in zijn roman L'isola del giorno prima (1994). De Nederlandse schrijver Anton Haakman publiceerde een verslag in boekvorm van zijn ervaringen bij het maken van een tv-documentaire over Kircher, De onderaardse wereld van Athanasius Kircher (1991). De Franse schrijver Jean Marie Blas de Robles vertelt in Là où les tigres sont chez eux (Prix Médicis 2008) eveneens het verhaal van Kircher. Het vormt een van de vele verhaallijnen van het boek: een journalist wijdt zijn tijd aan een biografie van Kircher.

Varia
De roman De onderaardse wereld van Athanasius Kircher van de Nederlandse journalist en schrijver Anton Haakman gaat over zijn naspeuringen in Geisa, na de val van De Muur eind 1989, naar Kircher, door wie hij al sinds de jaren 70 gefascineerd was, en zijn kennismaking met twee zwendelaars, de heren Beck en Franzl van een door henzelf in het leven geropen genootschap, die al jaren bezig zouden zijn met het ooit gaan uitgeven van een peperdure luxe uitgave van diens "Verzamelde Werken".

Publicaties

Zie ook
 Westerse opvattingen over Tibetaans boeddhisme

Biografie
 John Glassie, A Man of Misconceptions: The Life of an Eccentric in an Age of Change, Riverhead books, 2012,

Externe links
 Fairfield University: Athanasius Kircher
 An extensive subcategorized link directory about A. Kircher
 Geologie und A. Kircher (PDF)
 De man die alles wist - Leven en werk van Athanasius Kircher (1602-1680)

Duits archeoloog
Duits sinoloog
Duits theoloog
Duits uitvinder
Duits wetenschapper
Duits filoloog
Duits jezuïet
Kunsttaalauteur
Muziektheorie
Museoloog

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Nadia Boubeghla (born in Algiers, Algeria) is an Algerian politician. She is a member of the Workers' Party.

References

Living people
People from Algiers
Workers' Party (Algeria) politicians
21st-century Algerian women politicians
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century Algerian politicians


I think we've all read about the benefits of meditation. We know it relieves stress, increases productivity and mental clarity, fights depression and boosts moods. We know that a lot of really successful people do it and say that it's the reason they've been successful. But, not many of us are doing it, are we?
That was the case for me until December 27th, 2014, when I started my new morning routine. I have to say that after about 50 days of meditation, I have come to love it. It feels really good.
I'd always been intimidated by meditation to be honest. I felt that it was beyond my level of spiritual progression. I would try but I'd always wind up overthinking. Am I doing this right? My thoughts are racing. It is even possible to stop thinking altogether anyway? Wait, is that the point? Wait, what is the point? My friend Amy takes that class, maybe I should take a class, or buy meditation beads, or download one of those Deepak Chopra apps. Do I really need an app though? That seems weird.
As someone who now officially meditates each morning, I know that you don't need any of that business to get started. I feel (maybe naively) that I am now qualified to give you a ridiculously simple guide to getting started with this ancient feel-good modality.
A comfortable, quiet place to sit. I sit on a throw pillow, on my yoga mat, in my living room each morning.
A stopwatch. I use my iPhone.
Step 1: Sit down and place your palms on your knees (facing up, facing down, whateves don't think too much).
Step 2: Sit up straight, pull your shoulders back and relax them down.
Step 3: Set your stopwatch to five minutes and press 'start'.
Step 5: Breathe and focus on your breath.
Step 6: Repeat step five until your timer goes off.
It really is that simple. And don't worry, you'll never be able to completely "quiet your mind". In fact, don't think too much about that at all.
All meditation really is, is sitting down, being silent and still, and breathing, letting your thoughts come and go. Just be still, be quiet and breathe. I mean, how often in our daily lives do we actually give ourselves time to do that? To simply sit in silence, relax and be with ourselves and in our bodies? Not much, you guys, not much.
There's really no way for me to describe exactly what meditation will be like for you. All I can say is that it feels really good to me and I think you should give it a try. Go ahead, my friend. And then tell me what you think. Or, if you already meditate, add your thoughts on the matter below. We would love to hear from you.


Soroptimist International of Reno (SIR) believes that every woman should have the opportunity to develop her capabilities to the fullest. The committee will decide your qualifications for the following educational grants, with monetary values up to $2500.
SIR will issue payment for the fall semester, on behalf of the awardees, directly to the school. Upon completion of the fall semester, a recipient must submit an official transcript showing grades for that semester, proof of registration for the spring semester and a request for the scholarship payment to our Education-Women Committee coordinators in order to receive the next payment of the scholarship.
Copyright © 2017 Soroptimist International of Reno - All Rights Reserved.
Copyright © 2018 Soroptimist International of Reno - All Rights Reserved.


text:
'You can't rebuild': Urban..
'You can't rebuild': Urban planner floats proposal to stop building homes in bushfire prone areas
3aw drive
The township of Kinglake was devastated by the Black Saturday bushfires.
Now, a decade on, it is thriving. There are 20 per cent more homes in the town than there were in 2008, before the fire hit.
But that may not be good news.
Urban planning expert from the University of Melbourne, Professor Alan March, is calling for population growth to be limited in bushfire prone areas.
"In Victoria, and around Melbourne and periphery, the context is we've got a lot more people being in some proximity to vegetation," he told 3AW's Tom Elliott.
"If that is the case you can never get rid of the risks."
Mr March called for high-risk townships to be assessed, and where necessary, restrictions put on future growth.
"I think the real answer is to look at every location on its merits and to build a toolkit of sorts, that I don't think we have right now, which is to say 'these are locations where we just feel we can't treat the risk adequately and we're just going to stop any future growth," he said.
"There are many places where we should be saying we're going to stop any more growth, and as houses perhaps do get burnt down, or reach the end of their lifespan, maybe we should say 'you can't rebuild."
Press PLAY below for more.
Image: Mark Dadswell


text:
Every Crisis is an Opportunity
Wisdom Psalm 107:23-32
New Testament Galatians 2:1-10
Old Testament Isaiah 36:1-37:38
President John F. Kennedy once remarked that 'when written in Chinese, the word "crisis" is composed of two characters. One represents danger, and the other represents opportunity.' Every crisis is, at the same time, an opportunity. Crises are often caused by unexpected difficulties.
All of us have problems. Many of us will face crises. How do you respond to a time of trouble, danger or unexpected difficulties in your personal life? How do we respond to unexpected difficulties in the church or in our nation? What do we do when we are 'at [our] wits' end'? (Psalm 107:27). What do we do when the 'truth of the gospel' is at stake? (Galatians 2:5). How do we respond to 'a day of crisis' in our lives? (Isaiah 37:3, MSG).
23 Some went out on the sea in ships;
they were merchants on the mighty waters.
24 They saw the works of the Lord,
his wonderful deeds in the deep.
25 For he spoke and stirred up a tempest
that lifted high the waves.
26 They mounted up to the heavens and went down to the depths;
in their peril their courage melted away.
27 They reeled and staggered like drunkards;
they were at their wits' end.
28 Then they cried out to the Lord in their trouble,
and he brought them out of their distress.
29 He stilled the storm to a whisper;
the waves of the sea were hushed.
30 They were glad when it grew calm,
and he guided them to their desired haven.
31 Let them give thanks to the Lord for his unfailing love
and his wonderful deeds for mankind.
32 Let them exalt him in the assembly of the people
and praise him in the council of the elders.
Cry out to the Lord in prayer
There may be times in your life when you face major storms. A 'tempest' seems to blow and the waves are 'lifted high' (v.25). Your courage melts away (v.26b) and you reach your wits' end (vv.26–27). You hit an unexpected storm and cannot work out how to get out of it.
This psalm tells you how to respond. The people:
'… called out to God in [their] desperate condition;
he got [them] out in the nick of time' (v.28 MSG).
God is never late, never early. He is always on time!
'He stilled the storm to a whisper;
the waves of the sea were hushed
… he guided them to their desired haven' (vv.29–30b).
When God answers your cry for help don't forget to thank him:
'So thank God for his marvellous love,
for his miracle mercy to the children he loves' (vv.31–32, MSG).
Lord, thank you for the many times you have heard me and rescued me. I cry out to you today for help in my own life and for the church in this nation.
Galatians 2:1-10
Paul Accepted by the Apostles
2 Then after fourteen years, I went up again to Jerusalem, this time with Barnabas. I took Titus along also. 2 I went in response to a revelation and, meeting privately with those esteemed as leaders, I presented to them the gospel that I preach among the Gentiles. I wanted to be sure I was not running and had not been running my race in vain. 3 Yet not even Titus, who was with me, was compelled to be circumcised, even though he was a Greek. 4 This matter arose because some false believers had infiltrated our ranks to spy on the freedom we have in Christ Jesus and to make us slaves. 5 We did not give in to them for a moment, so that the truth of the gospel might be preserved for you.
6 As for those who were held in high esteem —whatever they were makes no difference to me; God does not show favouritism —they added nothing to my message. 7 On the contrary, they recognized that I had been entrusted with the task of preaching the gospel to the uncircumcised, just as Peter had been to the circumcised. 8 For God, who was at work in Peter as an apostle to the circumcised, was also at work in me as an apostle to the Gentiles. 9 James, Cephas and John, those esteemed as pillars, gave me and Barnabas the right hand of fellowship when they recognized the grace given to me. They agreed that we should go to the Gentiles, and they to the circumcised. 10 All they asked was that we should continue to remember the poor, the very thing I had been eager to do all along.
Use skill, diplomacy and courage
As we saw yesterday, sometimes we may be tempted to look down on other parts of the church, other denominations or other Christians and wish they were more like us! 'If only they did things more like us they would be 'proper' Christians or 'better' Christians!' In thinking like this we are, in effect, denying that faith in Jesus is enough.
This is what was happening to the churches in Galatia. They were being told that their faith in Jesus was not enough. If they wanted to be 'real' Christians, they needed to be circumcised.
The early church was facing an unexpected crisis and the apostle Paul had to use every ounce of his courage and determination, combined with skill and diplomacy, to avoid a damaging division and split in the church.
Paul wants to make clear that he acted under the guidance and activity of the Holy Spirit: 'I went in response to a revelation' (v.2). Paul was convinced of the validity of the gospel he preached, but was also concerned for unity: 'I did this in private with the leaders… so that our concern would not become a controversial public issue' (v.2, MSG).
He took with him two friends: Barnabas and Titus. Barnabas was a Jew and Titus was a Greek (an uncircumcised Gentile). For a first-century Jew there were two kinds of people in the world: Jewish and Greek (circumcised and uncircumcised). Circumcision was a sign that marked out a Jew, in accordance with God's command (Genesis 17:9–14). It signified God's covenant with his chosen people.
Yet, Paul chose Titus as one of his companions. 'Significantly, Titus, non-Jewish though he was, was not required to be circumcised' (Galatians 2:3, MSG). Paul's point in this section is that the Jerusalem apostles (James, Peter and John) agreed that the good news of Jesus Christ was for everyone: Jew and Gentile, circumcised and uncircumcised.
Paul was forced to defend the 'freedom we have in Christ Jesus' (v.4). True freedom is only found through faith in Christ. The necessity of circumcision for justification before God would 'make us slaves' (v.4).
If they had yielded to the demands for circumcision of Gentile converts, they would have denied the very essence of the gospel. The purpose of this letter was to explain 'the truth of the gospel' (v.5). Paul wanted to demonstrate that Jesus' life, death and resurrection had fulfilled all the requirements of the law of Moses.
The meeting in Jerusalem was to resolve the circumcision question. The ruling reached was one of the most important ever made in the history of Christianity. The decision here prevented a ruinous division within the church. The crisis had become an opportunity.
Not only was the issue resolved, but also the gospel preached by Peter and Paul was firmly established as being one and the same (v.6). The leaders in Jerusalem recognised that Paul's apostleship bore all the marks of God-given authority.
Peter and the others accepted Paul and agreed a division of responsibility – Paul for the non-Jews and Peter for the Jews. The same gospel would be brought to two different spheres by different people. They shook hands on it as a sign that the agreement would be honoured (vv.7–9). This was a monumental moment for the early church.
The parties had a sensible and detailed discussion about their differences. Paul refused to be overawed, although those he met were 'reputed to be pillars' (v.9). This was, after all, quite a group to take on! James had presumably already become leader of the Jerusalem church. Peter and John were both members of Jesus' inner circle.
A pleasing agreement was reached. Paul seems to have acted with respect and courtesy despite being a determined man conscious of a special task. He would not allow opposition from without, nor discouragement from within, to stop him from doing what he was called to do.
The only condition that the Jerusalem leaders stipulated caused no problem for Paul: 'to remember the poor' (v.10). The church must always prioritise the poor and disadvantaged in society.
Lord, please give me the skill, diplomacy and courage that the apostle Paul had. Help us, like Paul, to embrace the entire church of Jesus Christ.
Isaiah 36:1-37:38
Sennacherib Threatens Jerusalem
36 In the fourteenth year of King Hezekiah's reign, Sennacherib king of Assyria attacked all the fortified cities of Judah and captured them. 2 Then the king of Assyria sent his field commander with a large army from Lachish to King Hezekiah at Jerusalem. When the commander stopped at the aqueduct of the Upper Pool, on the road to the Launderer's Field, 3 Eliakim son of Hilkiah the palace administrator, Shebna the secretary, and Joah son of Asaph the recorder went out to him.
4 The field commander said to them, "Tell Hezekiah:
"'This is what the great king, the king of Assyria, says: On what are you basing this confidence of yours? 5 You say you have counsel and might for war—but you speak only empty words. On whom are you depending, that you rebel against me? 6 Look, I know you are depending on Egypt, that splintered reed of a staff, which pierces the hand of anyone who leans on it! Such is Pharaoh king of Egypt to all who depend on him. 7 But if you say to me, "We are depending on the Lord our God"—isn't he the one whose high places and altars Hezekiah removed, saying to Judah and Jerusalem, "You must worship before this altar"?
8 "'Come now, make a bargain with my master, the king of Assyria: I will give you two thousand horses —if you can put riders on them! 9 How then can you repulse one officer of the least of my master's officials, even though you are depending on Egypt for chariots and horsemen? 10 Furthermore, have I come to attack and destroy this land without the Lord? The Lord himself told me to march against this country and destroy it.'"
11 Then Eliakim, Shebna and Joah said to the field commander, "Please speak to your servants in Aramaic, since we understand it. Don't speak to us in Hebrew in the hearing of the people on the wall."
12 But the commander replied, "Was it only to your master and you that my master sent me to say these things, and not to the people sitting on the wall—who, like you, will have to eat their own excrement and drink their own urine? "
13 Then the commander stood and called out in Hebrew, "Hear the words of the great king, the king of Assyria! 14 This is what the king says: Do not let Hezekiah deceive you. He cannot deliver you! 15 Do not let Hezekiah persuade you to trust in the Lord when he says, 'The Lord will surely deliver us; this city will not be given into the hand of the king of Assyria.'
16 "Do not listen to Hezekiah. This is what the king of Assyria says: Make peace with me and come out to me. Then each of you will eat fruit from your own vine and fig tree and drink water from your own cistern, 17 until I come and take you to a land like your own —a land of corn and new wine, a land of bread and vineyards.
18 "Do not let Hezekiah mislead you when he says, 'The Lord will deliver us.' Have the gods of any nations ever delivered their lands from the hand of the king of Assyria? 19 Where are the gods of Hamath and Arpad? Where are the gods of Sepharvaim? Have they rescued Samaria from my hand? 20 Who of all the gods of these countries have been able to save their lands from me? How then can the Lord deliver Jerusalem from my hand?"
21 But the people remained silent and said nothing in reply, because the king had commanded, "Do not answer him."
22 Then Eliakim son of Hilkiah the palace administrator, Shebna the secretary and Joah son of Asaph the recorder went to Hezekiah, with their clothes torn, and told him what the field commander had said.
Jerusalem's Deliverance Foretold
37 When King Hezekiah heard this, he tore his clothes and put on sackcloth and went into the temple of the Lord. 2 He sent Eliakim the palace administrator, Shebna the secretary, and the leading priests, all wearing sackcloth, to the prophet Isaiah son of Amoz. 3 They told him, "This is what Hezekiah says: This day is a day of distress and rebuke and disgrace, as when children come to the moment of birth and there is no strength to deliver them. 4 It may be that the Lord your God will hear the words of the field commander, whom his master, the king of Assyria, has sent to ridicule the living God, and that he will rebuke him for the words the Lord your God has heard. Therefore pray for the remnant that still survives."
5 When King Hezekiah's officials came to Isaiah, 6 Isaiah said to them, "Tell your master, 'This is what the Lord says: Do not be afraid of what you have heard—those words with which the underlings of the king of Assyria have blasphemed me. 7 Listen! When he hears a certain report, I will make him want to return to his own country, and there I will have him cut down with the sword.'"
8 When the field commander heard that the king of Assyria had left Lachish, he withdrew and found the king fighting against Libnah.
9 Now Sennacherib received a report that Tirhakah, the king of Cush, was marching out to fight against him. When he heard it, he sent messengers to Hezekiah with this word: 10 "Say to Hezekiah king of Judah: Do not let the god you depend on deceive you when he says, 'Jerusalem will not be given into the hands of the king of Assyria.' 11 Surely you have heard what the kings of Assyria have done to all the countries, destroying them completely. And will you be delivered? 12 Did the gods of the nations that were destroyed by my predecessors deliver them—the gods of Gozan, Harran, Rezeph and the people of Eden who were in Tel Assar? 13 Where is the king of Hamath or the king of Arpad? Where are the kings of Lair, Sepharvaim, Hena and Ivvah?"
Hezekiah's Prayer
14 Hezekiah received the letter from the messengers and read it. Then he went up to the temple of the Lord and spread it out before the Lord. 15 And Hezekiah prayed to the Lord: 16 "Lord Almighty, the God of Israel, enthroned between the cherubim, you alone are God over all the kingdoms of the earth. You have made heaven and earth. 17 Give ear, Lord, and hear; open your eyes, Lord, and see; listen to all the words Sennacherib has sent to ridicule the living God.
18 "It is true, Lord, that the Assyrian kings have laid waste all these peoples and their lands. 19 They have thrown their gods into the fire and destroyed them, for they were not gods but only wood and stone, fashioned by human hands. 20 Now, Lord our God, deliver us from his hand, so that all the kingdoms of the earth may know that you, Lord, are the only God. "
Sennacherib's Fall
21 Then Isaiah son of Amoz sent a message to Hezekiah: "This is what the Lord, the God of Israel, says: Because you have prayed to me concerning Sennacherib king of Assyria, 22 this is the word the Lord has spoken against him:
"Virgin Daughter Zion
despises and mocks you.
Daughter Jerusalem
tosses her head as you flee.
23 Who is it you have ridiculed and blasphemed?
Against whom have you raised your voice
and lifted your eyes in pride?
Against the Holy One of Israel!
24 By your messengers
you have ridiculed the Lord.
And you have said,
'With my many chariots
I have ascended the heights of the mountains,
the utmost heights of Lebanon.
I have cut down its tallest cedars,
the choicest of its junipers.
I have reached its remotest heights,
the finest of its forests.
25 I have dug wells in foreign lands
and drunk the water there.
With the soles of my feet
I have dried up all the streams of Egypt. '
26 "Have you not heard?
Long ago I ordained it.
In days of old I planned it;
now I have brought it to pass,
that you have turned fortified cities
into piles of stone.
27 Their people, drained of power,
are dismayed and put to shame.
They are like plants in the field,
like tender green shoots,
like grass sprouting on the roof,
scorched before it grows up.
28 "But I know where you are
and when you come and go
and how you rage against me.
29 Because you rage against me
and because your insolence has reached my ears,
I will put my hook in your nose
and my bit in your mouth,
and I will make you return
by the way you came.
30 "This will be the sign for you, Hezekiah:
"This year you will eat what grows by itself,
and the second year what springs from that.
But in the third year sow and reap,
plant vineyards and eat their fruit.
31 Once more a remnant of the kingdom of Judah
will take root below and bear fruit above.
32 For out of Jerusalem will come a remnant,
and out of Mount Zion a band of survivors.
The zeal of the Lord Almighty
will accomplish this.
33 "Therefore this is what the Lord says concerning the king of Assyria:
"He will not enter this city
or shoot an arrow here.
He will not come before it with shield
or build a siege ramp against it.
34 By the way that he came he will return;
he will not enter this city,"
35 "I will defend this city and save it,
for my sake and for the sake of David my servant!"
36 Then the angel of the Lord went out and put to death a hundred and eighty-five thousand in the Assyrian camp. When the people got up the next morning—there were all the dead bodies! 37 So Sennacherib king of Assyria broke camp and withdrew. He returned to Nineveh and stayed there.
38 One day, while he was worshiping in the temple of his god Nisrok, his sons Adrammelek and Sharezer killed him with the sword, and they escaped to the land of Ararat. And Esarhaddon his son succeeded him as king.
Bring to the Lord the 'impossible' situation
Have you ever been taunted or mocked for your faith in God? 'Do you really think that God is with you?' they say. 'Isn't it just your imaginary friend?'; 'Do you really think that trusting in God is going to do you any good?' This is the way God's people have been taunted throughout history.
The people of God faced an unexpected attack. This is such an important incident that it appears three times in the Bible (see 2 Kings 18; 2 Chronicles 32). Sennacherib, King of Assyria, was attacking Jerusalem with a huge army. His minions were taunting the people, 'On what are you basing this confidence of yours?' (Isaiah 36:4). On whom are you depending? (v.6b). They were being taunted and ridiculed for their faith in God.
It must have seemed to be an impossible situation – no one else had ever been delivered out of the 'hand of the king of Assyria' (v.18). But they did not answer the taunting. Sometimes the best response to criticism is keeping a dignified silence: 'But the people remained silent and said nothing in reply, because the king had commanded, "Do not answer him."' (v.21).
King Hezekiah responded to the crisis by tearing his clothes, putting on sackcloth and going into the temple of the Lord (37:1). He sent for the prophet Isaiah. Hezekiah said, 'Today is a day of trouble. We are in crisis' (v.3, MSG). Hezekiah asked Isaiah to pray (v.4).
Isaiah responded by saying that God's message was: 'Don't be upset by what you've heard... I personally will take care of him' (vv.6–7, MSG).
When Hezekiah received a threatening letter, he went up to the house of the Lord, 'spread it out before the Lord' and prayed: 'O Lord Almighty… you alone are God over all the kingdoms of the earth. You have made heaven and earth. Give ear, O Lord, and hear; open your eyes, O Lord and see; listen to all the words Sennacherib has sent to insult the living God… Now, O Lord our God, deliver us from his hand, so that all kingdoms on earth may know that you alone, O Lord, are God' (vv.14–20).
Isaiah sent him a message, 'This is what the Lord, the God of Israel, says: Because you have prayed to me… I will defend this city and save it, for my sake and for the sake of David my servant!' (vv.21,35)
God heard the prayer of Hezekiah and Isaiah and he rescued and delivered his people (vv.36–38).
Lord, the name of Jesus is no longer honoured in our society. Would you pour out a spirit of prayer and supplication on your people so that we may turn to you in prayer. Hear our prayer and deliver us in this time of crisis.
'All they asked was that we should continue to remember the poor, the very thing I was eager to do.'
I am eager to remember the poor too, but occasionally I feel too overwhelmed to know what to do, or too preoccupied or just disillusioned because someone has 'taken me for a ride'. But we must not be put off and, as the Bible says, keep remembering the poor.
We are depending on the Lord our God.
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John F. Kennedy in a speech to the Convocation of the United Negro College Fund on April 12, 1959