text:
Spokane Voters Oust Mayor
Sun | Local
By JOHN K. WILEY, Associated Press — Dec 7th, 2005
Mayor Jim West was recalled from his office Tuesday. Associated Press file photo
SPOKANE Mayor Jim West was recalled from office Tuesday in a special election prompted by news accounts that he offered City Hall jobs and perks to young men he met in a gay Internet chat room.
West, 54, a Republican former state legislator who voted against gay-friendly bills, must leave office when the election results are certified Dec. 16.
Just over half of the 110,000 ballots mailed to city voters were counted in the first batch of results, released Tuesday night. Of those, 38,718, or 65 percent, voted to recall West, while 20,681, or 35 percent, voted to retain him.
It was unclear how many more ballots would be received; they had to be postmarked by Tuesday to be counted.
"I said I'd abide by the will of the voters, obviously, and they've spoken," West told The Associated Press. "I'm at peace with their decision — and disappointed."
The mayor said he was very proud of his accomplishments in office.
"We've had a great run," he said.
West has spent 25 years in public office and is the city's first elected chief executive to be ousted before his term expired.
He said he planned a news conference today to "prepare to make the transition and pass the baton."
The Spokesman-Review newspaper conducted an undercover investigation and reported in a series of articles beginning May 5 that West was a closeted homosexual who visited gay chat rooms on his city-owned computer and offered internships and other favors to young men he hoped to have sex with.
City Council President Dennis Hession, a lawyer first elected to the seven-member council in 2002, will become mayor pro tempore of this city of 200,000 until the council appoints a replacement to finish the remaining two years of West's four-year term.
West was elected mayor — which he described as his "dream job" — in 2003 after serving more than two decades as a state legislator.
The recall petition contended West used his political office for personal benefit by offering a city internship to someone he thought was an 18-year-old man he'd met in a gay online chat room. The person, who West knew by the screen name "Moto-Brock," actually was a computer expert hired by the newspaper to track the mayor's activities in a Gay.com chat room.
West, who has not been charged with any crime, acknowledged making mistakes in his personal life, but asked voters to give him a second chance.
The newspaper also printed allegations by two men with criminal records that West molested them when they were children and he was a sheriff's deputy and Boy Scout leader in the late 1970s and early 1980s.
West vehemently denied the molestation allegations, and no criminal probe was launched because the statute of limitations had long expired.
West, who described himself as the victim of a "brutal outing," has acknowledged having relationships with young men but denied doing anything illegal. West has said he plans to sue The Spokesman-Review.
The FBI is conducting a public corruption investigation and has seized the hard drives of West's work and home computers. A lawyer hired by the Spokane City Council concluded the mayor violated state laws and city computer policies.
The recall was organized by Shannon Sullivan, a single mother with no legal experience who circulated signature petitions and argued her case before the state Supreme Court.
The political novice said she was motivated by the newspaper accounts that alleged West was offering city perks and jobs to young men in exchange for sex. She said she was unable to explain the mayor's actions to her son, a 9-year-old Cub Scout.
Judgment Day Tuesday in Spokane
Spokane Mayor Jim West faces a recall election Tuesday over a sex-tinged abuse-of-office charge that he offered a City Hall internship to an 18-year-old he met in a gay chat room. Amy Sinisterra | Associated Press File SPOKANE Mayor Jim West faces recall Tuesday ... [Read More...]
Spokane Mayor Prepares for Role in Private Sector
Spokane Mayor Jim West, ousted by voters this week, told reporters Wednesday that he is proud of his work in two years as leader of the city. Elaine Thompson | Associated Press SPOKANE Even as he prepared to leave office after being recalled, Mayor ... [Read More...]
West Recall Effort Put on Fast Track
SPOKANE The state Supreme Court on Thursday granted a fast-track review of the effort to recall Spokane Mayor James West, who is embroiled in a sex scandal but has refused to resign. The decision by the Olympia-based panel is considered a victory for ... [Read More...]
Workers Begin Signature Count on Mayor Recall Effort
SPOKANE Elections workers began counting signatures Monday on petitions calling for the recall of Mayor James E. West because of a sex and abuse-of-office scandal. "So far, everything's gone smoothly," Spokane County Elections Supervisor Paul Brandt said after workers began checking signatures and ... [Read More...]
Judge: Recall Against West Can Proceed
SPOKANE A recall petition against Mayor James E. West over a homosexual sex scandal can proceed to the signature-gathering phase, a visiting judge ruled Monday. Benton County Superior Court Judge Craig J. Matheson threw out two of the recall charges made against West ... [Read More...]


See all articles tagged as Alan Dyer.
Alan Dyer's Star: From Birth to Black Hole is, without a doubt, a beautiful book. They certainly didn't skimp on the budget when it comes to the visuals, and the layout of each page is designed to showcase the gorgeous photographs and illustrations.
This book is all about stars, of course. It starts out with the Big Bang Theory (no, not the TV show – duh), and goes on to touch on everything related to the stars, including how a star can die. The author doesn't go too deeply into things, making this one more of an introductory-level read for folks interested in astronomy. Do note that the text expects readers to have some passing familiarity with science and maths jargon, such as "quark", "neutron", and more. There is a glossary here, but it isn't thorough. Other than that, this is a pretty easy to read book.
I personally enjoy the star map and the visual depiction of how black holes are formed. I'm familiar with most of the stuff here, but it's a lovely trip all the same, looking at the graphics and marveling at how lovely everything can look.
Oh, and folks who believe in creationism won't find anything here that would be of use, but they can always look at the nice pictures. Maybe I'm odd, but I personally think the way Star: From Birth to Black Hole brings space to life can actually encourage people to believe that there is a divine force at work, because how can anything this breathtaking to behold be formed from supposedly random collisions of particles?
I'm not sure about some sections, such as the flags of the world that use a star motive. Such information may be useful for trivia games, but they stand out like very obvious filler material in an otherwise solid introductory-level astronomy book.
Also present here is a short graphic novel thing about Galileo's trial before the Inquisition, where he is forced to recant on his research and theories that the Earth revolves around the Sun. There is nothing too preachy here, just stating the facts, but this is also another strike against the book for folks who are into creationism – but then again, I doubt those folks would be picking this book up in the first place, heh.
There is also a silly computer game CD attached, presenting a game mostly involving testing your knowledge and such. It's not my thing, but I suppose it'd make a great complementary educational aide for kids.
Anyway, Star: From Birth to Black Hole is a gorgeous book to read and to look at, so it's worth the money. As a plus, it's printed on good quality thick paper so it can withstand some beating and abuse from careless kids.


Send me cute photos of toys for art challange!
Hey I hope this is ok to post here. I want to create a challenge for myself as an artist anyone interested post pics of small sections of your pony toy collection doing something interesting (1 to 5 ponies) preferabley the baby ponies. If I see one that interests me I'm gonna draw the ponies in my own style doing what they are there. (If you can tell me their names it'd help me get a better idea of mane style let's face it the toys don't have the mane variety the ponies do in the show) g1 and 2 preferred but go ahead and mix the generations.
Hey I hope this is ok to post here. I want to create a challenge for myself as an artist anyone interested post pics of small sections of your collection doing something interesting (1 to 5 ponies) preferabley the baby ponies. If I see one that interests me I'm gonna draw the ponies in my own style doing what they are there. (If you can tell me their names it'd help me get a better idea of mane style let's face it the toys don't have the mane variety the ponies do in the show) g1 and 2 preferred but go ahead and mix the generations.
Other artists feel free to do this too, no there is no time limit as to when I will draw it I'm a busy person and have a commision to finish first but I really want to try this.


Fundraisers are on a mission to dispel some commonly held "myths" about the sector.
In what marked a world first, the Fundraising Institute of Australia, in conjunction with More Strategic, Pareto Fundraising and SOFII, presented the inaugural Myth Smashers plenary session at the annual conference.
A group of five speakers, poised to be the "future plenary speakers around the world", took to the stage in a bid to "smash" commonly held myths that are holding the sector back.
Sean Triner, co-founder of Pareto Fundraising and Pareto Phone, said they hoped Myth Smashers would become a global franchise that all conferences have "as a kind of standard".
"The idea is to look at myths, because there are so many myths in fundraising, like we all prefer short letters not long letters and all those sorts of things, so we wanted to take a look at smashing some of these myths," Triner said.
The first myth to be "smashed" was the idea that fundraisers should "spend less to raise more".
Ruth Wicks from More Strategic took to the stage to explain why the idea was "balderdash".
"Seventeen years ago I started as a professional fundraiser and I thought that the best way to raise lots of money was to spend as little as possible, and over the last 17 years, what I've realised is number one, that is complete balderdash, number two it is actually very dangerous to think like that, and number three that it is self-perpetuating," Wicks said.
"I am not saying that we should just spend money willy-nilly and not be held accountable for every single cent that we spend, I am not saying that we shouldn't make every effort possible to be lenient and be efficient in what we do, I am not saying that pro bono is always bad or that we should look a gift horse in the mouth and I am not saying we shouldn't be held to account and exercise due diligence in every single investment we make to make sure it is going to be the best use of our donors money.
She highlighted five "mini-myths" to break down the argument, including; a "DIY approach is always best", "they just do it because they care", "investment is generally a bad thing", "pro bono is always great" and "if it doesn't break even within 12 months then you shouldn't do it".
"We have got to get over the embarrassment that somehow it is wrong to get paid for what we do," Wicks said.
She spoke of "the sector-wide fixation" that 100 per cent of donations must go to support people in need and that investment generally was a bad thing.
"As if investing in social good is something to be ashamed of," she said.
She cautioned this approach was doing harm to the sector and undermining the ability to be sustainable.
She was followed on stage by Janie Alcock, from Global Interaction, who set out to disprove the myth that "fundraisers fundraise".
"After 10 years in the industry I've come to realise it's pretty simple; effective fundraisers get somebody else to do the job for them,"Alcock said.
She explained that fundraisers needed to be "story listeners" as well as storytellers, and she stressed the importance of coaching and mentoring individuals to use their own networks to connect with potential donors.
She said people were more willing to give to those they trusted and cited that within her network she might have 10 friends who would believe in what she believed in and be willing to share their money or time.
"If I can get 10 people on board I'm unlocking a network of 1,000 people," she said.
Meanwhile Alice Anwar, from CARE Australia, spoke to the audience about the myth of the "rational donor" that states donors give because of what they think rather than what they feel.
"Thinking and feeling are two very different things and I believe making our donors feel is much more important than making them think," Anwar said.
She used a Star Trek analogy to highlight different kinds of people and in particular focused on the influence of rational data-driven people she called "Spocks".
"They are the people who say: 'What this direct mail pack really needs is some more facts,' 'Some more impact statements to show what we're doing about the problem.'… I don't like to generalise but normally they are not fundraisers," she said.
But she stressed that "even logical people are driven by emotions".
She also highlighted that giving wasn't "all sadness and guilt".
"As a fundraiser I can't tell you how many times I've had people come up to me and say things like: 'Oh so you make people cry,' or: 'You're the one who guilts people into given money,'" she said.
In a discussion on behavioural economics she said emotions led to action, "facts just lead to thinking".
She was followed by Audrey Hii, from Bush Heritage Australia, who broke down the myth that "donors give without being asked", a topic she said was close to her heart.
"I don't think I have enough fingers and toes to count the number of times I've heard this response to when I tell people what I do for a living: 'Fundraise, why do you need to do that? People will give to charities that they care about. Donors will give without being asked,'" Hii said.
She said studies had shown that 90 per cent of people donate because they were asked.
"They might be asked by a friend, they may be asked by a family member, but the ask is vital to encourage people to come forward and donate," she said.
Hii said it was important for fundraisers to remember they connect donors to causes and help provide the opportunity for people to make an impact.
"When you connect with a donor with the right ask you enable amazing work to get done," she said.
The final speaker, Nicola Norris from Greenpeace Australia Pacific, spoke to disprove the myth that "that cause is easier to fundraise for than mine".
"It doesn't feel good not to get good results, and it's times like those that we tend to look at another organisation that is doing really well and we say: 'That cause is so much easier than our cause,'" Norris said.
She said the sector was "not very good at failure".
"If we put our donors funds into a program that doesn't get a good return on investment, and is a failure, we feel terrible about that, we feel like we've wasted donor funds," she said.
She stressed the need for a positive mindset.
"Your mindset, your perception of the world, leads to your way of being, whether that is positive or negative, leads to what you do, the action that you take, which ultimately leads to the results that you get," she said.
"When you have a positive mindset you tend to have a much more open attitude towards failure.
She warned the sector about the dangers of confirmation bias.
"When we have a belief that a cause is difficult, and then we get bad results, that's our evidence of that belief… his is called confirmation bias," she said.
To conclude the session the audience voted for their favourite speaker.
Alice Anwar was chosen for most conclusively smashing her myth about "rational donor" and was awarded a free ticket for the next FIA conference.


The Texas Legislature (83rd Regular Session) passed Senate Bill 1226, which establishes competitive employment as the preferred outcome for people with disabilities. This policy is called Employment First.
As you go through school, you and your Admission, Review, and Dismissal (ARD) committee will decide on classes and courses of study about jobs and job opportunities. Your wants, needs, strengths, and skills regarding jobs are important, and you should tell the ARD committee what you have in mind.
An important part of transition planning is to write employment goals for after you graduate from high school. Working is a valuable part of adult life. Your and your family's values are key in determining and writing the right work goals for you.
Talk with your parents and teachers about what kind of job you want.
Understand the Texas graduation programs.
Work with your school and parents to make sure that you take the classes you need for the job you want.
Complete interest and career inventories.
Talk about your career interests and skills or any jobs that you have already had.
Find out about career options.
Ask about developing a graduation plan.
Talk about your needs for assistive technology when working.
Request a functional vocational assessment if you need it.


In 2013, one of the hottest trends in the exchange-traded fund (ETF) industry centered on investors' managing their exposure to interest rate risk. As part of this trend, investors reduced their positions in fixed-rate coupon bonds by buying floating rate notes and bank loans.1 By way of review, a floating rate note is a debt security whose coupon payments are reset periodically and pay a predetermined spread over a short-term interest rate such as the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR), the Federal Funds Rate or a U.S. Treasury Bill Rate. As a result, investors' compensation may rise or fall at each reset date as interest rates change. However, until today, ETF-minded investors' only option for purchasing floating rate debt was limited to that issued by corporations. Even though we do not believe that credit conditions are likely to deteriorate overnight, we believe that investors should seek to balance the risks in their floating rate portfolios the same way they manage their more traditional fixed income portfolios between risky and credit risk-free securities. New Issuance from Treasury As we mentioned in a previous blog post, the United States Treasury completed its first floating rate Treasury auction on January 29, 2014, issuing $15 billion of a note with a two-year stated maturity.2 We believe this first issuance may represent an interesting new source of funding for the U.S. government going forward. As virtually all borrowers have sought to take advantage of interest rates near all-time lows, the overall maturity profile of their debt has tended to increase.3 The U.S. government's issuance profile is no different. However, in order to diversify the sources of funding away from longer-dated debt and short-term Treasury bills, the Treasury sought to tap the growing demand from investors for floating rate debt as one more way to finance the government. With interest rate risk on the minds of many investors so far in 2014, we believe that floating rate Treasury securities represent an effective way for investors to help reduce their exposure to rising interest rates while generating income payments that are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. Although returns in many markets such as bank loans have been impressive thus far,4 these markets may pose several risks that investors must thoroughly consider. Replacing One Risk Factor with Another In many investors' minds, interest rate risk represents the primary risk to the performance of their bond portfolio. However, this can be an oversimplification when lending to issuers that have non-investment-grade credit profiles. Although we do not believe that credit conditions in the U.S. are about to change course, we do believe that investors should take a prudent approach to the market. The simple fact is that as money has continued to flood into the bank loan market, several risks have come to light. Principally, with so many investors seeking out many of the same opportunities, there may be a risk that the market could be painted with too broad a brush. Not all borrowers are created equal, and with so much money flowing into the market, it is likely that many companies are enjoying more attractive borrowing rates than their fundamentals may warrant. As a way to mitigate credit risk, investors might consider diversifying their floating rate portfolio with a portion in U.S. government-issued floating rate debt. Although risks may have risen in many of these markets, we believe that bank loans and floating rate notes still have a place in many investor portfolios. However, striking the correct balance between income potential and credit risk may continue to be a challenge. By not taking on risk, investors miss out on the opportunity for higher levels of income. By taking on too much risk, investors may overextend themselves to risky borrowers. However, with the U.S. Treasury now entering the market, we believe that investors will have a new option for floating rate exposure with ample liquidity and transparent pricing that can serve as a risk-free benchmark for floating rate note issuance going forward. WisdomTree Bloomberg Floating Rate Treasury Fund (USFR) In order to provide yet another tool for investors to manage interest rate and credit risk, WisdomTree partnered with Bloomberg to create the WisdomTree Bloomberg Floating Rate Treasury Fund (USFR). As floating rate issuance from the Treasury continues to grow over time, the Fund will seek to track the price and yield performance of the Bloomberg U.S. Treasury Floating Rate Bond Index. Fund Quick Facts Ticker: USFR Exchange: NYSE Expense Ratio5: 0.20%, contractually waived to 0.15% Structure: Open-end ETF. Registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940. Objective: The Fund seeks to track the price and yield performance, before fees and expenses, of the Bloomberg U.S. Treasury Floating Rate Bond Index. Primary Exposures: Floating rate Treasury notes Duration Target: Determined by the reset frequency of the underlying securities in the index, currently one week. 1Sources: Bloomberg, WisdomTree, as of 12/31/13. 2Source: U.S. Department of the Treasury, 1/29/14. 3Sources: WisdomTree, Bloomberg, as of 12/31/13. 4Source: Bloomberg, as of 12/31/13. 5The Fund's gross expense ratio of 0.20% and the net expense ratio of 0.15% reflect a contractual waiver of 0.05% through the Fund's first year of operations.
Diversification does not eliminate the risk of experiencing investment losses. There are risks associated with investing, including possible loss of principal. Securities with floating rates can be less sensitive to interest rate changes than securities with fixed interest rates, but they may decline in value. The issuance of floating rate notes by the U.S. Treasury is new and the amount of supply will be limited. Fixed income securities will normally decline in value as interest rates rise. The value of an investment in the Fund may change quickly and without warning in response to issuer or counterparty defaults and changes in the credit ratings of the Fund's portfolio investments. Due to the investment strategy of this Fund, it may make higher capital gain distributions than other ETFs. Please read the Fund's prospectus for specific details regarding the Fund's risk profile. ALPS Distributors Inc. is not affiliated with Bloomberg.


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Liu Xiaobo, prominent Chinese human rights and democracy advocate dies aged 61
Resonate Team 13 July 2017
ChinaNewsPolitics0 Comments
The Peace prize winner and Nobel laureate died of liver cancer
China's most prominent human rights and democracy advocate Liu Xiaobo has died aged 61.
Liu was being treated for a terminal liver cancer in a hospital in north-eastern China after being transferred from prison last month. The activist was serving an 11-year term for 'subversion'.
The university professor turned rights campaigner was regarded as a criminal by authorities and was jailed throughout his life.
A number of world leaders including the German chancellor Angela Merkel urged China to allow Liu to travel overseas to receive medical care that supporters argued would prolong his life. Chinese authorities refused, spurring critics to claim CCP leaders were intentionally shortening his life by denying him the opportunity.
Author and activist Tienchi Martin-Liao and lifetime friend of Liu said of his death, "It is so hard. I don't know if I can say anything."
"I hate this government … I am furious and lots of people share my feeling. It is not only sadness – it is fury," Tienchi added. "How can a regime treat a person like Liu Xiaobo like this? I don't have the words to describe it."
"This is unbearable. This will go down in history. No-one should forgot what this government and the Xi Jinping administration has done. It is unforgivable. It is really unforgivable.
Hu Ping, a friend of Liu and editor of the pro-democracy journal Beijing Spring said, "Liu Xiaobo is immortal, no matter whether he is alive or dead. Liu Xiaobo is a man of greatness, a saint."
During the pro-democracy protests in Beijing in 1989, Liu was lecturing in New York. It was at this moment where he thought, "This is where I should be and this is where I can make a contribution. So I am going there", according to Chinese literature expert Perry Link.
Liu then flew to Beijing and played a central role in the Tiananmen Square protests, leading a hunger strike shortly before the 4 June incident. He was consequently jailed for the "counter-revolutionary" riots.
From then, Liu transformed into a lifelong activist and supporter of democracy, continuing to speak out despite spending years behind bars. "She is a wonderful woman. A really wonderful woman," says Jean-Philippe Béja, a French academic and longstanding friend. "I don't even dare to imagine how she feels now."
Jared Genser, a US lawyer who was trying to secure Liu's release, said the activist had not died in vain. "Liu's ideas and his dreams will persist, spread, and will, one day, come to fruition … And his courage and his sacrifice for his country will inspire millions of Chinese activists and dissidents to persevere until China has become the multiparty democracy that Liu knew to his core was within its people's grasp."
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Abemaciclib with fulvestrant for treating hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer after endocrine therapy
2 Information about abemaciclib
3 Committee discussion
5 Appraisal committee members and NICE project team
Save as ePub
Save as eBook
New treatment option
Network meta-analysis
The company's economic model
Utility values in the economic model
Subsequent treatments in the economic model
Cost-effectiveness results
Cancer Drugs Fund
The appraisal committee (section 5) considered evidence submitted by Eli Lilly and a review of this submission by the evidence review group (ERG). See the committee papers for full details of the evidence.
People with advanced breast cancer would welcome a new treatment option
3.1 Advanced breast cancer is an incurable condition. Patient experts explained that a diagnosis of advanced breast cancer affects both people's physical and mental health. They stated that the potential of abemaciclib plus fulvestrant to postpone or avoid the need for chemotherapy is important to patients who have previously had endocrine therapy, because chemotherapy has the potential to substantially reduce quality of life. They also highlighted the importance of people living for longer without the disease progressing, therefore in better health. Currently, the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK4/6) inhibitors palbociclib and ribociclib together with aromatase inhibitors are the most commonly used first-line endocrine-based treatments for advanced breast cancer. The clinical experts explained that because of the potential for tumours becoming resistant, CDK4/6 inhibitors would not be used twice. Now that CDK4/6 inhibitors are recommended as first-line treatment, the number of people being offered aromatase inhibitors alone as first-line treatment may be expected to decline. However, the clinical experts noted that if a CDK4/6 inhibitor were available after endocrine therapy, they may offer patients whose disease is progressing slowly an aromatase inhibitor alone as the first treatment, reserving abemaciclib with fulvestrant for subsequent treatment. They stated that this may be preferable because some people, especially with a low tumour burden, have disease that responds well to endocrine therapy alone. People who would also potentially benefit from abemacicilb plus fulvestrant are those whose disease has progressed on or within 12 months of neoadjuvant or adjuvant endocrine therapy. These people are currently not eligible for a CDK4/6 inhibitor plus aromatase inhibitor in the NHS. The committee concluded that a treatment that would extend how long people live before their disease progresses and delay the need for chemotherapy would be welcomed by people who have already had endocrine therapy.
The most relevant comparator for this appraisal is exemestane with everolimus
3.2 Clinical experts explained that in England, advanced hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative breast cancer that has progressed on endocrine therapy would be treated with either exemestane, tamoxifen, or exemestane plus everolimus. They noted that fulvestrant monotherapy was not recommended by NICE, and was available in some parts of the country but not others, so access is variable. They stated that chemotherapy would usually only be used after other less toxic options had been exhausted or if they were not suitable. The committee agreed that chemotherapy was not a relevant comparator. The committee noted that NICE's technology appraisal guidance on everolimus with exemestane for treating advanced breast cancer after endocrine therapy states this is the most clinically effective treatment after endocrine therapy and that it is the only other combination treatment option. The clinical experts explained that its use in clinical practice may be limited by adverse effects. The committee concluded that exemestane plus everolimus was the most relevant comparator for this appraisal. Exemestane or tamoxifen would be a relevant comparator for some people who cannot tolerate exemestane plus everolimus. Fulvestrant is not routinely commissioned but is sometimes used.
The clinical-effectiveness evidence is relevant to NHS clinical practice in England
3.3 The evidence for abemaciclib plus fulvestrant came from MONARCH 2. This was a multicentre, randomised, double-blind trial in women aged 18 or over with hormone receptor-positive, HER2‑negative, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer which had progressed on or after endocrine therapy. All women enrolled were functionally menopausal. MONARCH 2 compared abemaciclib plus fulvestrant with placebo plus fulvestrant. There were no patients from the UK but the clinical experts confirmed that the population included in the trial was representative of people in England who would be eligible for treatment with abemaciclib plus fulvestrant. The committee concluded that the evidence from MONARCH 2 was relevant to NHS clinical practice in England.
Abemaciclib plus fulvestrant increases progression-free survival compared with fulvestrant alone but the overall survival data are immature
3.4 The primary outcome measure of MONARCH 2 was investigator-assessed progression-free survival. Treatment with abemaciclib plus fulvestrant increased median progression-free survival compared with fulvestrant alone from 9.3 months to 16.4 months (hazard ratio 0.553; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.449 to 0.681, p<0.001). Median overall survival had not been reached in either treatment group of MONARCH 2; 19.1% of patients in the abemaciclib plus fulvestrant group and 21.5% in the placebo plus fulvestrant group had died at the time of analysis. The committee agreed that the progression-free survival was promising but the benefit of abemaciclib plus fulvestrant on overall survival was unclear. The committee noted that the overall survival data came from a data cut in February 2017, but that an updated data cut was anticipated. The study is expected to complete in late 2021. The committee concluded that abemaciclib plus fulvestrant increased progression-free survival compared with fulvestrant alone but that the benefit in overall survival was at present unknown.
The safety profile of abemaciclib plus fulvestrant is acceptable to patients
3.5 The committee noted that treatment discontinuations and dose reductions because of adverse events were more common in the abemaciclib plus fulvestrant group than in the placebo plus fulvestrant group. After the trial had started, the protocol was amended to reduce the starting dose of abemaciclib from 200 mg twice daily to 150 mg twice daily because of the number of adverse events. The patient experts explained that treatment with abemaciclib plus fulvestrant may delay or avoid the need for chemotherapy, which is likely to have worse adverse effects, so treatment with abemaciclib plus fulvestrant would be preferable for patients. The clinical experts explained that the adverse effects of abemaciclib would be manageable in clinical practice. The committee concluded on the basis of clinical and patient expert testimony that the safety profile of abemaciclib plus fulvestrant would be acceptable to patients.
Both the company's and the ERG's network meta-analyses are associated with heterogeneity and uncertainty
3.6 Because there are no direct trials comparing abemaciclib plus fulvestrant with exemestane, exemestane plus everolimus or tamoxifen, the company presented a network meta-analysis. Both the company's and the ERG's preferred networks (which were not the same) included trials that had different eligibility criteria to MONARCH 2. In some trials in the networks, patients could have had previous chemotherapy, or more than 1 previous endocrine therapy in the advanced setting, and not all the trials were specific to HER2-negative disease. The company's network meta-analyses to compare progression-free survival and overall survival across the treatments were based on hazard ratios. The ERG highlighted that for some of the studies included in the network, the proportional hazards assumption was not met. The ERG therefore presented a network meta-analysis that was based on a fractional polynomial method. The committee agreed that there was heterogeneity in both the company's and the ERG's network meta-analyses. The committee was reassured that both for progression-free survival and overall survival, the results showed that the ranking of treatment effectiveness (when the same treatments were included) was the same in the company's and the ERG's analyses. However, it noted that the analyses for overall survival were very uncertain because of the immaturity of the overall survival data from MONARCH 2. The committee was aware that there are several available methods that can be used if the proportional hazards assumption is not met and that there is no agreement about which is the best method. It agreed that if more complete overall survival data from MONARCH 2 were available, the current level of uncertainty would be reduced. The committee concluded that both the company's and the ERG's network meta-analyses were associated with heterogeneity because of the trials included and uncertainty because of the immature overall survival data from MONARCH 2.
The model structure is appropriate for decision making but the overall survival data used in the model are immature
3.7 The company presented a partitioned survival model with 3 health states: progression-free survival, post-progression survival and death. The model had a weekly cycle and a time horizon equivalent to a lifetime horizon. The company used parametric curves to model progression-free survival and overall survival. It fitted joint Weibull distributions for both abemaciclib plus fulvestrant and fulvestrant alone to the Kaplan–Meier data from MONARCH 2 for investigator-assessed progression-free survival and overall survival. The company applied hazard ratios from its preferred network meta-analysis to the fitted MONARCH 2 fulvestrant curves to estimate the survival curves for exemestane and everolimus plus exemestane. It did an adjusted indirect comparison with fulvestrant to estimate the relevant treatment effect of tamoxifen. The ERG used the survival curves derived from its fractional polynomial network meta-analysis in its base-case economic model. The committee was concerned that both the company's and the ERG's base-case models were based on the network meta-analyses that the committee had agreed contained heterogeneity and were uncertain because of the immaturity of the overall survival data in MONARCH 2 (see section 3.6). The committee concluded that the model structure was appropriate for decision making but that overall survival data used in the model were too immature to reliably predict the relative survival benefit of abemaciclib plus fulvestrant.
The company model underestimates the treatment duration and therefore costs of abemaciclib plus fulvestrant
3.8 In the model, the company estimated time to treatment discontinuation for abemaciclib plus fulvestrant and fulvestrant by jointly fitting Weibull curves to the time to treatment discontinuation data from the intention-to-treat population in MONARCH 2. To model time on treatment for the other comparators, the company calculated a hazard ratio from the median duration of therapy and the median progression-free survival statistics reported in the trial publications. It then applied this hazard ratio to the progression-free survival distribution in the model. The ERG considered joint curve fitting to be inappropriate because the proportional hazards assumption was not met. It preferred to use an alternative method using the progression-free survival curves from its fractional polynomial network meta-analysis. In the ERG's method, a hazard ratio was obtained from the median duration of therapy in the trial publications and the median progression-free survival in the model to estimate time on treatment for abemaciclib plus fulvestrant, fulvestrant, and exemestane plus everolimus. The ERG also highlighted the effect of the protocol amendment in MONARCH 2 (in which the starting dose of abemaciclib was reduced, see section 3.5) on the Kaplan–Meier curves. More people who started on the 200 mg dose of abemaciclib stopped treatment early than people who started on the 150 mg dose. Therefore, time to treatment discontinuation was shorter with a bigger difference between the progression-free survival and time to treatment discontinuation curves in the intention-to-treat population. The ERG therefore considered that estimating time to treatment discontinuation using the intention-to-treat population underestimated the time on treatment, and therefore the costs of abemaciclib in the company's model. In the absence of time to discontinuation data for people who started on 150 mg twice daily abemaciclib, the ERG provided exploratory scenario analyses that reduced the hazard ratio between time to treatment discontinuation and progression-free survival in its base case by 5% and by 10%. It also presented a scenario where time to treatment discontinuation was the same as progression-free survival (hazard ratio of 1), which had a big effect on the cost-effectiveness results. The ERG scenarios projected longer time on treatment with higher associated costs, but no change in the projected benefit. The committee considered that a hazard ratio of 1 was highly unlikely because in practice, some people would stop treatment before progression. The committee agreed that the time to treatment discontinuation was uncertain, but likely to be underestimated in the company model.
The utility value for post-progression survival does not have a big effect on the cost-effectiveness results compared with exemestane plus everolimus
3.9 The company used EQ‑5D data from MONARCH 2 to derive a utility value for the pre-progression health state in its base case. For post-progression survival in its base case, the company used a utility value of 0.505, taken from a study by Lloyd et al. (2006). This utility value was used in NICE's technology appraisal guidance on everolimus with exemestane for treating advanced breast cancer after endocrine therapy, which included a similar population. The committee was aware that using data from Lloyd et al. was not in line with NICE's reference case, because it used the standard gamble method to estimate the utility values. The ERG did scenario analyses with 2 different utility values for the post-progression health state. In 1 scenario, the ERG used the utility value derived from the EQ‑5D data from MONARCH 2. In the other analysis, the ERG used a utility value derived from EQ‑5D data from a study by Mitra et al. (2016), which included patients with hormone receptor-positive, HER2‑negative breast cancer. The committee concluded that changing the utility value for post-progression survival did not have a big effect on the cost-effectiveness results for abemaciclib plus fulvestrant compared with exemestane plus everolimus. The utility value from MONARCH 2, or the value derived from Mitra et al. and used in the ERG's base case were methodologically preferable to the value from Lloyd et al. because they used EQ‑5D to measure health-related quality of life in people with breast cancer. However, the committee acknowledged that the Lloyd et al. data had been accepted in previous appraisals.
The ERG's changes to modelling of subsequent treatments are plausible
3.10 The ERG made some changes to the company's modelling of subsequent treatments, based on clinical opinion. It increased the use of paclitaxel, included tamoxifen, and removed bevacizumab, which is not available in the NHS. The company's model assumed that patients would stay on subsequent treatment for 37% of their time in the post-progression survival health state. The ERG amended this so that patients stayed on subsequent treatment for all but the last 3 months of their life. The ERG's scenario analyses also limited the amount of time that patients could have the most expensive subsequent treatments (fulvestrant and exemestane plus everolimus). The committee noted that when the ERG reduced the exposure to the most expensive subsequent treatments in the model, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for abemaciclib plus fulvestrant compared with exemestane plus everolimus decreased, but the decrease was small. The committee concluded that the ERG's changes to the company's model were plausible but the exact treatments that people would have after abemacicilb plus fulvestrant were uncertain.
The ICERs compared with exemestane plus everolimus are uncertain
3.11 The committee considered the cost effectiveness of abemaciclib plus fulvestrant in people who could have exemestane plus everolimus. The company's base case included the confidential commercial arrangement for abemaciclib but not the discount for everolimus (which reduces the costs of exemestane plus everolimus). Without this reduction included, abemaciclib plus fulvestrant dominated exemestane plus everolimus (that is, was both cheaper and more effective). The ERG made some changes to the company's model in its preferred base case, including:
correcting errors in the company's model, particularly related to the costs of subsequent treatment
using curves for progression-free and overall survival derived from the ERG's fractional polynomial network meta-analysis, and the ERG's estimated time to treatment discontinuation curves (see sections 3.6 and 3.7)
using the post-progression survival utility value derived from Mitra et al. (2016) (see section 3.9)
including the ERG's changes to subsequent treatment modelling (see section 3.10).
The committee noted that the effect on the cost-effectiveness results of using the ERG's fractional polynomial network meta-analysis was unclear because the scenario presented was combined with other changes to the model (including time to discontinuation). In the ERG's base-case results, abemaciclib plus fulvestrant still dominated exemestane plus everolimus based on the confidential discount of abemaciclib but not everolimus. When the confidential discount for everolimus was included, the company's base-case ICER compared with exemestane plus everolimus was below £30,000 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained, and the ERG's base-case ICER was above £30,000 per QALY gained. The exact ICERs are commercial in confidence and cannot be reported here. Different sources of utility values and limiting the use of expensive subsequent treatments had little effect on the ICER compared with exemestane plus everolimus. The committee noted that the ERG's base-case ICER compared with exemestane plus everolimus increased further when the ERG matched the time on treatment to progression-free survival. The committee agreed that the time on treatment may have been underestimated in the company base case (see section 3.8). The committee agreed that the ICERs for abemaciclib plus fulvestrant were uncertain. Further trial data would be available within 2 years, which would give further information on overall survival and time on treatment which could reduce this uncertainty, but at present the committee concluded that it could not be confident enough that abemaciclib plus fulvestrant was a cost-effective use of NHS resources to recommend it for routine commissioning in the NHS in England.
Abemaciclib is not cost effective compared with treatments other than exemestane plus everolimus
3.12 The committee considered the cost effectiveness of abemaciclib plus fulvestrant compared with the other comparator treatments, based on the confidential commercial arrangement for abemaciclib but not the discount for everolimus. The committee did not consider chemotherapy to be a relevant comparator (see section 3.2). It noted that abemaciclib plus fulvestrant was not cost effective in people who would otherwise have treatments other than exemestane plus everolimus. The company's base-case ICERs (including the ERG corrections for the cost of subsequent treatment) and the ERG's base-case ICERs were £50,687 and £70,634 per QALY gained compared with fulvestrant, £57,247 and £63,436 per QALY gained compared with exemestane and the company's base-case ICER was £82,621 compared with tamoxifen. Exemestane plus everolimus was included in the model as a subsequent treatment. The committee noted that when the confidential discount for everolimus was included with the ERG's model corrections, the ICERs for abemaciclib plus fulvestrant compared with each of the above comparators were substantially above what could be considered a cost-effective use of NHS resources. Abemeciclib could therefore not be recommended in people for whom exemestane plus everolimus was not appropriate.
Abemaciclib plus fulvestrant is recommended for use in the Cancer Drugs Fund
3.13 Having concluded that abemaciclib plus fulvestrant could not be recommended for routine use, the committee then considered if it could be recommended for treating advanced hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer after endocrine therapy within the Cancer Drugs Fund. The committee discussed the arrangements for the Cancer Drugs Fund agreed by NICE and NHS England in 2016, noting NICE's Cancer Drugs Fund methods guide (addendum). The committee was aware that more overall survival data from MONARCH 2 will become available in 2019. The estimated study completion date is in 2021. The committee agreed that:
further data on overall survival would likely reduce the uncertainty in the long-term benefit of abemaciclib plus fulvestrant
further data may make it clearer which method is the most appropriate for doing the network meta-analysis
more data may be able to be collected on time on treatment
updated treatment effectiveness data would make the results of the network meta-analysis, the extrapolation in the model and the cost-effectiveness results more reliable.
The committee considered that on the basis of the cost-effectiveness analyses including all commercial discounts, there was plausible potential that abemaciclib plus fulvestrant would be cost effective compared with exemestane plus everolimus if subsequent data confirm the company's preferred assumptions. It therefore concluded that abemaciclib plus fulvestrant met the criteria to be considered for inclusion in the Cancer Drugs Fund. It recommended abemaciclib plus fulvestrant for use within the Cancer Drugs Fund as an option for people with advanced hormone receptor-positive, HER2‑negative breast cancer after endocrine therapy, if the conditions in the managed access agreement are followed.


text:
Microsoft Helps Oppress Populations for Profit (and Why Skype Should be Abandoned)
Posted in Microsoft at 4:53 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz
Summary: In exchange for government protection and contracts Microsoft is cracking down on dissent
A new report from unofficial US government press (New York Times) speaks of spying as a business and Microsoft is named early in the article:
Police Surveillance May Earn Money for City
In the six months since the Domain Awareness System was unveiled, officials of Microsoft, which designed the system with the New York Police Department, said they have been surprised by the response and are actively negotiating with a number of prospective buyers, whom Microsoft declined to identify.
Already, as many people may know, Microsoft profits from spying on US citizens (but this includes other countries' citizens) with impunity. We casually learn about Microsoft letting governments spy on Skype users. This includes chat in voice, text, maybe even file transfers. One new report is titled "Malware spread on Skype taps victim PCs to mint bitcoins". Another new report says: "The soaring virtual currency Bitcoin suffered a cyber-blow after its leading exchange, Tokyo–based Mt.Gox, was hit with a DDoS attack. The government-free tender also faced a hacker attack on its Instawallet database, forcing the site to be shut down."
The bottom line is, Skype is part of the control grid of the controversial banking cartels, which are closely guarded by government. In order to break free from injustice we must leave behind proprietary software. The FSFE finds an opportunity right now to advance Free/libre alternatives:
Avoid being locked in as Microsoft turns off Windows Messenger
On April 8, Microsoft will discontinue its Windows Messenger service. All current users will be switched to Skype. The Free Software Foundation Europe advises former users of Windows Messenger to take this as an opportunity to embrace Open Standards such as Jabber (XMPP) instead of switching to Skype.
Microsoft is keeping track of numbers now that they took more control over the network, which is no longer as peer-to-peer-ish as it used to be. This is a massive surveillance network with two billion minutes per day to spy on or record indefinitely. As it is nothing new for Microsoft to collude with authorities to police the population and crack down on dissenters, as seen in Russia and its neighbouring countries for example, we must accept the fact that Microsoft stands out as a culprit here. █


text:
easyJet to restart flight operations from 15 June
easyJet will resume some flights from 15 June. Services will be operating from London Gatwick, Bristol, Birmingham, Liverpool, Newcastle, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Inverness, Belfast, and Isle of Man in the UK.
In addition, flying will resume in France from Nice, Paris Charles de Gaulle, Toulouse, Bordeaux, Nantes, Lyon and Lille, as well as from Geneva in Switzerland, Lisbon and Porto in Portugal, and Barcelona in Spain.
The airline expects to increase flying as customer demand continues to build and restrictions are relaxed. During the lockdown period the fleet has been grounded the aircraft have been maintained in a flight ready condition to enable the airline to resume flights quickly at the right time.
Aircraft will be disinfected at all turnarounds
A new range of additional measures will be in place to help ensure the safety and wellbeing of all customers and crew onboard. These include:
Enhanced aircraft disinfection
Customers, cabin and ground crew will be required to wear masks
There will be no food service onboard flights at first.
The measures have been implemented in consultation with aviation authorities ICAO and EASA, and in line with relevant national authorities and medical advice through the airline's chief medical adviser.
Johan Lundgren, CEO of easyJet, said, "These are small and carefully planned steps that we are taking to resume operations. We will continue to closely monitor the situation across Europe so that when more restrictions are lifted the schedule will continue to build over time.
"The safety and wellbeing of our customers and crew remains our highest priority which is why we are implementing a number of measures enhancing safety at each part of the journey from disinfecting the aircraft to requiring customers and crew to wear masks.
"These measures will remain in place for as long as is needed to ensure customers and crew are able to fly safely as the world continues to recover from the impact of the coronavirus pandemic."
"We look forward to welcoming our customers back onboard in June."
The airline has also released a video outlining the new measures that will be in place:
airlines Coronavirus easyJet
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easyJet crew celebrates Black History Month
Sustainable Aviation Fuel takes two big steps forwards
easyJet commits to sustainable holidays by 2025
easyJet has announced a new sustainability vision for its holidays division: all its holidays will directly support sustainable practices by the end o...
Pilot shortage: not 'if' but 'when' and 'how big'?
A pilot shortage? Yes, that's being forecast by one of the most respected management consultants, Geoff Murray of the US firm Oliver Wyman. The ...


text:
Трн () град је у Републици Бугарској, у крајње западном делу земље, седиште истоимене општине Трн у оквиру Перничке области.

Трн се налази на самој граници са Србијом, а близу града се налази и гранични прелаз Стрезимировци.

Географија
Положај: Трн се налази у крајње западном делу Бугарске, на самој граници са Србијом — 4 -{km}- северно од града. Од престонице Софије град је удаљен 70 -{km}- западно, а од обласног средишта, Перника град је удаљен 30 km западно.

Рељеф: Област Трна се налази у области Знепоље. Дата област обухвата средњи део тока реке Јерме. Град се сместио у невеликој долини дате реке, а око се издижу планине, од којих је најважнија Руј-планина. Сам град је на готово 800 m надморске висине.

Клима: Због знатне надморске висине клима у Трну је оштрији облик континенталне климе са планинским утицајима.

Воде: Кроз Трн протиче река Јерма средњим делом свог тока.

Историја
Област Трна је првобитно било насељено Трачанима, а после њих овом облашћу владају стари Рим и Византија. Јужни Словени ово подручеје насељавају у 7. веку. Од 9. века до 1373. године област је била у саставу средњовековне Бугарске.

Крајем 14. века област Трна је пала под власт Османлија.

Касније је Трном накратко владао српски деспот Стефан Лазаревић.

Срби у Трну
Држава Србија је 1850. године развила своју интензивну пропаганду у пределима који су били под турском окупацијом. Интересе српске заступао је као "начелник" организације у Трнском пределу, учитељ Јенча Тодоровић из села Лесковца код Трна.

У Трну је постојала српска мушка народна школа између 1867-1879. године. У градићу и његовом окружењу је било у другој половини 19. века много писмених људи Срба, који раде као учитељи у широј околини. У српским школама пиротског краја радили су тако: Тонча Поповић (брат чувеног Трнчанина поп Глигорија), Ђура Николић, Јован Здравковић (из Стрелца), Илија-Лилко Станковић, Петар Поповић (из Јарловца), Зарко Милошевић, Ђура Јовановић, Цона Данчуловић (из Зелен града) и други. Поменути Ђура је након десет година службовања у Пироту, отишао у родни Трн. Тамо је узет за црквеног појца и црквењака. Најистакнутији међу учитељима био је Цона Данчуловић (који се још називао Танчић и Станковић). Био је родом из Зеленог града (код Трна) и нарочито окренут Србији, одакле је преносио српске књиге и народне песме. Био је вешт толико да је кожом увезивао црквене књиге. Радио је по неколико година у Стрелцу, Црвеној Јабуци и Горњем Боњинцу.

Током Источне кризе (1875—1878) Срби у Трну и околини су били веома активни, и у ратничком и у политичком погледу. Становништво Трнског среза њих 2.000 предвођени једним официром Србином сами су ослободили од Турака тај простор. По српском "Закону о уређењу заузетих територија" успостављена је српска власт у тим местима. Године 1877. и 1878. су нарочито бурне, јер Срби у Трну и околини не желе да припадну под Бугарску. Сматрали су да су жртвовани због руских империјалистичких циљева на Балкану, које су намеравали да постигну са Бугарима. Кроз "Велику Бугарску" (која је била као једна од руских "губернија") Руси би се сасвим приближили Цариграду, и остварили изузетне стратешке позиције. Срби у пограничним местима нове државе нису се мирили са ситуацијом и слали су изјаве и петиције, да допру до шире јавности. Године 1878, уручена је "Адреса" (поздравно писмо) од стране свечане депутације кнезу српском Милану Обреновић. Она почиње речима: Премилостиви избавитељу! Трн варош и сва његова Знепољска нахија у велику моћ славе Господа Бога и величају Пресветло име Твоје, за своје избављење... Ми смо данас под Твојим именом сасвим срећни. Општине састављене, кметови и одборници свуд изабрани и потврђени, а Премилостиво подарени закон прочитан... Именом Свемогућа Бога заклињемо се на покорност ове подарене благодети нама... У Трну, 5. фебруара 1878. године, следе потписи (55), међу којима: председник Среског суда Аранђел Спасојевић, кметови Тико Пајов и Анастас Бошковић, свештеници прота Јован, Никола Јовић, Хаџи Михаил Николић, одборници, затим представници околних општина: Бапска, кмет Гига Трифуновић; Изворска, Раде Китановић; Насаревска, Никола Поп Марковић; Јароловска, Момчил Хаџи Милошевић; Зеленоградска, Андол Забел; Рејановска, Милош Богдановић; Клисурска, кмет Милан Станојевић. Када су другу изјаву, потписали и послали српском краљу Милану 12. марта 1878. године, бугарски агенти су их пријавили руској Врховној команди у Софији. Наводно су сви потписници били силом натерани да је потпишу. На врху списка су највиђенији људи тог краја: Аранђел Станојевић "трнски и знепољски председник", прота поп Јован и још десетак попова и укупно 135 лица. Када је та петиција била доведена у питање, опет су Срби са бугарске стране границе саставили трећу јавну изјаву, потписану 20. марта 1878. године у Трну, да би то демантовали. Њихов мотив је био да су они одвојени од своје матице државе Србије. Становници Трна и Знепоља су годишње вадили по 7-8.000 путних исправа да би "прелазили браћи у Србију". Сметала им је новоуспостављена граница, јер су они били "чисти и прави стари Срби". Опет су се потписали бројни потписници (100) из тих места (17), на челу са председником општинског суда у Трну, Аранђелом Станковићем, протом поп Јованом и 10 кметова. Четврти "поздрав" је уследио после празника Цвети, 18. априла 1878. године са потписима трнских првака: председник општинског суда Никола Станојевић, чланови - Анастас Бошков и Мита Ћоровић, одборници Гига Јејић и Станоје Хранисављевић, браћа свештеници - поп Михаило Николовић, поп Јован Вучо, поп Григорија, поп Стојановић, поп Јован, прота Тојча Јоцић, и грађани Јованча Раденковић, Златко Гонсић, Јован Горнић и Димитрије Јокић. Аранђел Станојевић је требало да буде у српској делегацији, спремљеној за руску престоницу Петроград средином априла 1878. године. Заједно са Митом Костићем из Пирота и Димитријем Јовановићем из Врања, поднео би руском владару, молбе и доказе, да та места треба да припадну Србији, а не Бугарској. И по завршетку по њих несрећног Берлинског конгреса Срби становници Трнског среза не престају да протестују. Три пута су се током лета 1878. године са молбом обраћали енглеској краљици Викторији: 16/28. јул 1878, 30. јул/11. август и трећи пут (без датума). У писму владарки Велике Британије (државе која је одлучно била против тих Срба) тврдили су да су одлуке конгреса супротне жељи већине становника и националном карактеру њиховог краја. Аранђел Станојевић и други становници подсетили су писмом 12/24. јула 1878. године вицеконзула Лајонела Маршала да су му приликом његове посете Трну рекли да су прави Срби и да желе уједињење са Србијом. Британски конзул Хјуберт Џернингам је признао 25. јула/6. августа 1878. године Станојевићу да је погрешно схватио Маршалов извештај и тако га пренео државном секретару Солзберију, кога ће обавестити о том случају. Губитак Трна и истоименог среза за столом у Берлину био је велика несрећа за све Србе, а нарочито оне у Бугарској. Место које су Срби ослободили, у којем су доминирали Срби а што је доказано много пута, и што су утврдили чланови међународних комисија, било је неповратно изгубљено - жртвовано. Узалуд су српски представници тражили организовање гласања у Трнском срезу, када би се показала још једном српска већина. Аустријски опуномоћеник је по питању Трна изјавио на Берлинском конгресу: Две тачке, Пирот и Трн, треба да припадну Србији, јер у њима живи српско становништво. А руски опуномоћеници су били на супротној позицији, сматрајући да су та два места у ствари бугарски центри. Рус гроф Петар Шувалов је неумољив; одбацио је српска писма и петиције Трнчана. И управо је Шувалов пресудио Србима, предлажући касније компромис: тражи да се Трн припоји провинцији Бугарској, а град Пирот препушта Србији. Берлински конгрес са председавајућим Бизмарком се сложио. По српском министру иностраних послова Јовану Ристићу, ако је за утеху, произилази да није све изгубљено тада: Половина Трнског среза је спасена.

Након Берлинског конгреса
За време Турака живео је у Трну, у свом родном месту Србин, поп Глигорије Поповић. Тај српски патриота је у младости био кафеџија у Свилајнцу, па трговао по Србији. Када се смирио, запопио се и добио парохију у Трну. Он је доносио српске књиге и јачао речју и делом српске осећаје својих парохијана. Због бујне неустрашиве природе звали су га "поп јунак", а Бугари су га прозвали "луди поп Глигорије". Његов брат Тонче Поповић (бивши учитељ) је у Трну држао у то време кафану. Поп Глигорије је чинио све да приликом разграничења остане Трн у Србији, али није успео у намери. Његове подвиге је чуо 1896. године у свом путопису описао српски научник Тихомир Ђорђевић.

Трн је 1896. године био сиромашна паланка, без калдрме, а Суд и Окружно начелство су биле једине јавне зграде вредне помена. Дуж вароши је било поређано у низу неколико кафана и дућана. Државна троразредна нижа гимназија радила је тада. У тој двоспратној згради на пијаци, била је и четвороразредна основна школа. Пред школом је био споменик палим официрима у српско-бугарском рату - писало је на плочи "братоубиственим". Трн је имао у то доба и државну Грнчарску школу. У граду су тада биле две православне цркве, а ван насеља на једној стени била је "Испосница Св. Петке". Православне цркве су биле, старија посвећена Св. Николи и новија, посвећена Св. Петки. Цркву Св. Петке је 1825. године обновио Србин, деда Мисаил Цветковић Бајкуш, архимандрит манастира Св. Богородице код Трна. Старац је утрошио својих 130.000 гроша уз остале прилоге тамошњих чорбаџија. Поред те друге цркве, ван варошице на брегу је мала пећина, поменута "испосница". Постоје врата на њеном улазу, ту су три иконе и три земљана суда у коју капље лековита вода са таванице. Ту је наводно живела светитељка Св. Петка дванаест година.

Град су у Другом српско-турском рату ослободили српски добровољци. Али према Санстефанском и Берлинском споразуму, град је, након годину дана српске управе, 1879. године постао део савремене бугарске државе. Насеље постоје убрзо средиште окупљања за села у околини, са више јавних установа и трговиштем.

Градом је накратко владала српска војска у Српско-бугарском рату 1885., те је успостављена и привремена управа, но град су убрзо повратиле бугарске трупе.

Пописано је 1894. године у Трну 3662 становника.

После победе Србије над Бугарском у Првог светског рата, Нејским миром 1919. године области западно и северо од Трна су припале Србији, па је Трн постао погранично место на самом западу Бугарске. Овакав положај допринео је стагнацији насеља током већег дела 20. века.

Становништво

По проценама из 2007. године. Трн је имао око 2.600 ст. Огромна већина градског становништва су етнички Бугари. Остатак су махом Роми. Последњих деценија град губи становништво због удаљености од главних токова развоја у земљи.

Претежан вероисповест месног становништва је православна. Овде се налази Трнски манастир у коме је, према предању, замонашен први српски патријарх Јоаникије.

Крсна слава Трна је Света Петка, 14. октобра по грегоријанском календару. На овај дан се врши литургија, шопски обичај курбан, као и разна културно-уметничка дешавања. Овај дан је истовремено и дан града.

Знаменити Срби из Трна и околине
 Григорије Србин — први нишки митрополит после укидања Пећке патријаршије под Турцима. Рођен је у селу Кожинци у трнском округу.
 Мисаил Цветковић Бајкуш — српски црквени великодостојник, први учитељ младог Петра II Петровића Његоша
 Аранђел Станојевић-Трнски — коџобаша Трнске казе (начелник среза Трн), политички вођа Срба у Знепољу у време ослобађања од Турака
 Сима Соколовић — српски официр, вођа Шопског устанка и политички вођа Срба у Трну након што је додељен Кнежевини Бугарској
 Глигорије Поповић, свештеник у Трну и национални радник (умро око 1885. године)

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Спољашње везе

 www.tran.bg Званична страница града Трна

Општина Трн
Градови у Бугарској
Википројект географија/Насеља у Бугарској
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


If you're considering starting up your own business, it's important to understand that there's more to it than simply running with the idea that you've had to make money.
Successfully running a business takes business knowledge, hard work, dedication plus a healthy work and life balance.
We've come up with a list of things to do before starting your own business.
One of the biggest problems that new business owners face is not knowing how to balance their home life yet still run a successful business. It's important to realize that your business will take up a considerable amount of your time, especially when things first kick off.
If you don't find the right balance, you can quickly find yourself with relationship problems, health problems, and even the chance of your business failing.
Before taking the step into becoming a business owner, make sure that you've planned out how you're going to manage being the head honcho of a business as well as making time for your family and looking after yourself.
You may feel like your money handling skills are just fine. However, when it comes to running a business there's more to think about than simply making sure the bills are paid on time. If you're going to be running a team of people, you will need to know how to administrate wages, tax, and even think about insurances that you may need to take out to protect you and your business. Taking an online mba in accounting might be something to look into to help you learn how to handle money more efficiently so that it doesn't affect your business when you do launch.
A common mistake that many entrepreneurs make is not making a business plan before going into business.
It's easy to think that you'll be able to create targets once you've launched. However, sometimes business moves very fast and you could find yourself wondering what your next step should be.
It's wise to take time thinking about the full picture of your business, before you start your business. In this way, you'll foresee obstacles and be able to keep your eyes on the prize: your longterm end goal mission.
Know this now: It takes more than you think to become the boss of a team!
You will have to train people to do various jobs, provide fair and lawful working hours that include breaks, consider vacation pay, and keep everyone safe.
Plus you'll also have to learn how to be a boss that people will respect and stay motivated work hard for.
It's a good idea to research how to be a good boss before hiring any members of staff so that you can get it right from day one.
Note: This article is written in collaboration with Andy Shoyer.


1 – What is Detox?
Our definition of Detox is Getting rid of toxins in the body in order to improve physical and mental health, increase energy, boost the immune system and assist with losing weight.
There are various ways to detox. It is very important that you choose a method that is suitable for you, as getting it wrong can cause more problems than it solves.
We are focusing on methods of detox using diet, as these have most relevance to digestion and digestive health.
· Detox teas, containing ingredients which are considered beneficial to the body, such as ginger, fennel, liquorice and dandelion.
2 – What are the dangers?
· Lack of essential nutrients can cause symptoms such as tiredness and lethargy.
· Long-term detox diets and fasting can cause headaches, constipation and bad breath, which may be caused by the body burning muscle instead of fat.
· Fasting actually slows down the rate at which toxins are eliminated.
· Restricting calorie intake too much slows the metabolism and inhibits liver function, leading to decreased weight loss.
· High mercury content in some fish can cause a wide variety of health problems. If you choose a diet that emphasizes fish it is important to choose varieties that have low mercury levels. Low mercury fish include: anchovies, pollock, haddock, hake, herring, sole, salmon, sardines and freshwater trout.
· Water fasting, Master Cleanse and other very restricted diets may result in nutrient deficiencies. Particularly dangerous is lack of protein, which may cause wasting of muscle tissue.
· Radically changing your diet can cause toxins to be released into the bloodstream faster than the body can eliminate them. If this happens, the body can become polluted, leading to the Herxheimer reaction, with symptoms including fever, chills, headaches, muscle pain and skin lesions.
· Many detox diets advocate drinking at least two to three litres of water a day, with the aim of helping the kidneys to flush out toxins. Drinking a lot more than the recommended two litres of fluids a day can be damaging to the body's natural fluid control systems, flush the body of sodium and lead to water intoxication (hyponatremia) and potassium deficiency (hypokalemia).
Liquid detox diets generally need to be balanced with supplements. We at Aqualibria strongly recommend that you consult us before undertaking an all-liquid diet, and that the diet should not exceed 7 days.
Most importantly, remember that your body is incredibly well designed for getting rid of toxins on its own. If your body is out of balance, you can assist with detoxifying, but take care not to disrupt the system.
· Make small, well considered changes to your diet. This is the best way to detox.
· Make sure any detox diet that you choose provides enough nutrients.
· Add more fibre to your diet to promote regular bowel movements and help to keep the colon cleansed and healthy.
· Avoid diuretics and laxatives. You may get rid of more waste, but they can cause dehydration which may lead to a variety of health problems.
· Speak to Aqualibria about any changes that you are considering making to your diet.
· A thoughtfully planned diet based on fresh, natural wholefoods, used in combination with a course of colon hydrotherapy treatments is a very good way to gently detoxify the body.
Detox diets vary in length from one day to a week or more. We at Aqualibria do not recommend undertaking a detox diet for more than two weeks.
We recommend a body detox diet, comprising of a combination of lightly steamed or raw vegetables, fruits, pulses, sprouted seeds, grains and beans (particularly mung beans), fresh juices and well-cooked wholegrains. Emphasize local, seasonal foods.
If you really want to get things moving, rhubarb provides a highly effective natural laxative. Try it gently stewed in a little water and drizzled with honey as an accompaniment to porridge for breakfast.
A healthy colon is key in many aspects of your wellbeing. If waste materials build up in the colon, not only do they prevent proper absorption of nutrients, they also begin to putrefy and provide the ideal breeding ground for bacteria and toxins. The gentle cleansing of Colon hydrotherapy removes the build up of waste, as well as mucous, gas and parasites, assisting in the treatment of a wide range of physical and mental conditions.
Those who suffer with constipation, IBS, candida or bloating: consider at least a mini-detox, and we would recommend a full course of treatments to see you through the coming colder months.
Those who wish to enhance their wellbeing, achieve healthy weight-loss and improve the vitality of their appearance, the transition to autumn is the perfect time to detox and a great time to re-new or continue a regular maintenance programme of colonic hydrotherapy treatments.
For our clients who are over-worked and over-stimulated, consider this: if you are not able to absorb the strengthening foods that give you vitality if your body is clogged up with waste and toxins. A detox combined with a series of colonic hydrotherapy treatments, can help you bring your energy levels into line with the the demands of this time of the year and leave the sluggishness of the coming colder season behind.
Check out our prices and opening times and our current special offer , and if you are thinking about a course of treatments, you can find out more information about our colon hydrotherapy courses here.
Making considered choices about what you put into your body can have a positive impact on other areas of your life. Practicing kindness to yourself and others can allow you to release emotional toxins that can have just as much of an impact on your digestive health as physical toxins.


text:
Drama (Bananarama album)
Drama (genre)
Victim (2011 film)
Victim (Eighteen Visions song)
Victim (Sevi song)
"Drama!" is the first single released by Erasure from their fourth studio album Wild!. It was issued by Mute Records in the UK and Sire Records in the U.S.
Written by Vince Clarke and Andy Bell, the synthpop song begins with a low-key keyboard line and a subdued vocal from Bell. As the song progresses, the instrumentation and vocals become more hectic, ultimately ending as a full-blown dancefloor anthem. "Drama!" is known for its mob-shouted "Guilty!" exclamation throughout and Bell's intricate, multi-layered background vocals. Lyrically the song addresses a person who could be considered a drama queen, experiencing "one psychological drama after another" about everyday struggles that are universal and are easily dealt with by most people. Lines such as "your shame is never-ending!" are directed at the subject of the song. The mob's vocals were added to by The Jesus and Mary Chain, who happened to be recording in the studio next door.
Released prior to Wild!, "Drama!" continued Erasure's winning streak on the UK singles chart, peaking at number four. In Germany the single also fared well, hitting number twelve. "Drama!" did not continue Erasure's chart success in the United States, where it failed to enter the Billboard Hot 100. It did, however, climb to number ten on the U.S. Hot Dance Music/Club Play chart.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia -	https://wn.com/Drama!
Drama is the ninth studio album by the British female vocal duo Bananarama. It features eleven newly recorded tracks, along with a remix of their 1986 smash hit "Venus" (done by Soft Cell's Marc Almond) and a 2005 remix of their 1982 hit "Really Saying Something", an underground bootleg club hit produced by Solasso.
Drama is a comeback of sorts for Bananarama members Keren Woodward and Sara Dallin and is their first album to be released in their native UK since 1993. The album's first single "Move in My Direction" debuted on the UK Singles Chart at Number 14, also becoming their first UK Top 40 hit since 1993. The second single, "Look on the Floor (Hypnotic Tango)", also hit the UK Top 40, and climbed to Number 2 on the US Hot Dance Club Play chart as an import, becoming Bananarama's biggest US dancefloor hit since "Venus" two decades earlier.
The album mostly incorporates pop and eurodance musical styles, with some synthpop elements. Drama charted at a number 169 in the UK. It was later released in the United States (both in retail stores and as digital downloads) in 2006. While the album performed well on Billboard's Top Electronic Albums chart, peaking at number 21, it did not chart on the Billboard 200, the US Pop Albums chart.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia -	https://wn.com/Drama_(Bananarama_album)
In the context of film and radio, drama describes a genre of narrative fiction (or semi-fiction) intended to be more serious than humorous in tone, focusing on in-depth development of realistic characters who must deal with realistic emotional struggles. A drama is commonly considered the opposite of a comedy, but may also be considered separate from other works of some broad genre, such as a fantasy. To distinguish drama as a genre of fiction from the use of the same word to mean the general storytelling mode of live performance, the word drama is often included as part of a phrase to specify its meaning. For instance, in the sense of a television genre, more common specific terms are a drama show, drama series, or television drama in the United States; dramatic programming in the United Kingdom; or teledrama in Sri Lanka. In the sense of a film genre, the common term is a drama film.
Dramatic themes such as alcoholism, child abuse, coming of age, drug addiction, emotion, hope, infidelity, moral dilemmas, racial prejudice, religious intolerance, sexuality, poverty, class divisions, violence against women and corruption put characters in conflict with themselves, others, society, or even natural phenomena. Drama is one of the broadest movie genres and includes subgenres such as romantic drama, war films, sport films, period drama, courtroom drama and crime.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia -	https://wn.com/Drama_(genre)
Victim is a 2011 British urban action drama film directed by Alex Pillai, written by Ashley Chin and Michael Maris, stars Ashley Chin, Ashley Madekwe, Jason Maza, and co-stars Adam Deacon,David Harewood and Giggs. The film is about a young man's attempts to move away from a life of violent crime, with the help of a wholesome country girl who comes to stay with his friend in the city, only to find himself the target of retaliation.
Tyson (Ashley Chin), Mannie (Jason Maza) and Jason (Michael Maris) grew up together in a tough inner-city world in London's East End, where no one could be trusted and everyone was out for themselves. With opportunities limited, it is crime that pays the bills and violence on the streets is how someone makes their mark. They make a living out of armed robberies with the help of eye candy Davina (Anna Nightingale) to seduce and lure drunken, unsuspecting rich City men in clubs, go back with them to their expensive flats, then Tyson and his crew move in, beat them up and steal everything.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia -	https://wn.com/Victim_(2011_film)
"Victim" was the second single from Eighteen Visions self-titled album. The song was featured as the theme song to WWE Vengeance, and has had much airplay on the radio stations. The CD was not released as a single, but rather as a promo, for radio, and collectors.
In this song, James is begging the girl for forgiveness, but she denies it because she feels that she is the victim. James sings as the girl, not as himself.
"Victim" was featured on the popular sportbike freestyle video "Mass Mayhem 3". The song was originally in the Saw III soundtrack but it was instead replaced with "Your Nightmare".
"Victim" (2:58)
The song's music video was shot in the Hewitt residence from The Texas Chainsaw Massacre film.
The Victim video is also featured on the WWE Vengeance DVD.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia -	https://wn.com/Victim_(Eighteen_Visions_song)
Victim is a song of the Bulgarian rock band Sevi, which became the third single to their debut album What Lies Beyond. The song was created in the summer of 2011 and later recorded as a single of the band. The featured video of the song was shot during the national tour of Sevi – the What Lies Beyond Tour and officially released on November 30, 2012. The arrangement and the lyrics of the song launched the track in the rock charts right after the promotion of the video. It almost immediately reached fifth position in Kamenitza Rock 40 for a couple of weeks, as well as number 1 for a week.
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The Drama Triangle & Victim Mindset
source: Practical Life Coaching Podcast
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source: Relatable Leader
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source: Building Psychological Strength
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source: Authentic Parenting
source: Tales of Horror Podcast
source: I Live For Me
source: Vicious Felonies A Law & Order: SVU Podcast
source: Justice Visions
source: Secrets Keys To Living A Happy Life
source: Nourish Inspirations
source: The Score: Bank Robber Diaries
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source: Sip and Spill Chisme
source: City Church
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source: Sunrise
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source: Therapist Uncensored Podcast
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The Show Presents: P1 Podcast - Thor Was A Victim & More Paddle Board Drama
source: The Show Presents The P1 Podcast


text:
Doba es una ciudad del sur de Chad. Con sus 18 052 habitantes según los datos del censo de 1993 la convierte en la décimo primera ciudad de Chad por población.

Doba es la capital de la región de Logone Oriental y del departamento de Pendé.  Actualmente es el principal centro de explotación de petróleo en el sur de Chad sin mejoría de la calidad de vida de la población.

Referencias

Localidades de Chad


text:
Dogs! Flying! Airplanes!
Dogs Might Fly
"Can a dog fly an airplane?" It's a stupid question, sure, but is it stupid enough? That's the query being posed by a new U.K. reality series optimistically titled Dogs Might Fly, in which rescue dogs—smart ones, we bet, from good families and top schools—undergo training in an attempt to get them to operate actual, non-imaginary planes, and then fail, because they're dogs.
According to an ABC News write-up of the planned six(!)-part series, the dogs will first be tested for intelligence (and, presumably, previous plane-flying experience) and then moved into a mansion, long considered the optimal location for bored people with too much money to get up to something truly dumb. There, they'll be tested to see if they can be conditioned to learn all the normal piloting skills—memory, pattern recognition, having hands or a brain larger than a grape—before the top subject is allowed into the cockpit for what the article refers to, apparently with a straight face, as "the ultimate test" for man's best friend. (Another article written about the show, from The Independent, also cited the various contributions made by dogs to air and spaceflight over the years, a laudable sentiment that seems to have missed a few basic facts about the relationship between the canine test subjects and the exploding death traps into which they were forcibly strapped.)
Human beings will also be on hand for the flights, of course, to stop this mansion-and-midair-misadventures reality series from accidentally turning into Can We Turn A Dog Into JFK Jr. The show will start airing in the U.K. on February 28, presumably to be followed at a later date by the much shorter Cats Might Fly, which we're guessing will end abruptly when every potential puss pilot immediately slams its plane into the nearest orphanage in a spiteful display of murderous self-destruction.
[via Uproxx]
Recent from William Hughes
Jameela Jamil's new game show feels kind of like scrolling through the world's crappiest Twitter feed
This Cats/Us trailer mash-up is hideously purrfect


Somewhere in the eastern part of Rothrock State Forest by the route 305 there is Greenwood Furnace State Park. The lengthy Stone Mountain cuts right through the park going from north east onto south west or in opposite direction, depending on one's point of view. In just 4 miles hike, one can climb small section of Stone Mountain and witness a powerful view to south west. To do that you would take Standing Stones trail roughly 2 miles to the vista and another 2 back, or you could continue down through Turkey trail followed by Lorence and Monsell trails, and that what I opted to in my hike on that fine Saturday afternoon.
8. A bit further and the trail start looking very similar to famous Thousand Steps Trail, about which I would perhaps tell you one day in another photo story.
11. Moments later, we come to Stone Valley Vista and meet two other hikers enjoying the view.
13. The hikers, Nikhil and Thaddeus, who are both students of Electrical Engineering in Penn State University happen to be avid hikers, which makes this meeting truly awesome. In the moment of writing this photostory, I happen to know roughly 10+ people interested in hikes, but none of them really have time to hike more or less regularly, and these guys said that they try to hike at least 2 times per month – looking forward to possible hikes with them in the future.
14. Well, it is register time. Often, trail registers are used to help potential rescue party to locate someone who got lost in the woods. However, in some of places, people just use it to share with others things they have on their mind at the moment.
17. A bit of gradual downhill, and it is time to part our ways with SST and go right down Turkey trail.
18. Turkey trail becomes relatively steep pretty fast and of my buddies, Mike, decides to descent in a swift running style.
27. A bit later, we come to few crossings of the small streams – trail starting to get a bit wet, but nothing challenging really.
28. Such crystallized frozen water was actually in many, many places of a lower sections surrounding Stone Mountain.
29. That was it, but it would be unfair to finish my photo story without mentioning my hike buddies, Paul and Mike. Thanks to them, I could show you Stone Mountain slope grade and overall scale of the trail and surrounding areas. Actually, that was my first hike with both of them and hopefully not the last.
This looks like a great hike! What a fun story! Let's hear more!
cool stuff dude ! was a good time hope to hike with you again !
Nice! A bit of advice: if you want this project going, post stories regularly. I'm sure you have enough material to create one story per two weeks (should be enough for the beginning given it's not your primary occupation).
It's definitely more interesting than just browsing photos. The full story about your Montana trip would be awesome!
That's plan Leo. The next story is almost ready, but it won't be as informative as it could have been if I were to ask some questions – I will learn from this. As far as number of views, I currently don't track those – it does not matter to me really that much at the moment. With that being said, English version is a primary one, and Livejournal one is just paying a homage to the place that inspired me long time ago to consider doing photo stories as a project. Back in the day, I myself read countless photo stores at Livejournal, but I never commented on any of those or shared them. I have some global tags on Russian version, so people searching Livejournal have chance to find those stories, but as far how many people actually will look at them – doesn't really matter.