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European Commission, Environment DG
Brussels ,
Belgium B-1049
magazines articles
Biodiversity protection in the Netherlands
Source: European Commission, Environment DG
Two thirds of natural areas in the Netherlands suffer from at least one of four key environmental pressures including nitrogen pollution, drying, acidification and habitat fragmentation, a new study suggests. Possible solutions to enable the country to meet its commitments under the EU's biodiversity targets include moves towards sustainable farming and reduction of nitrogen outputs, the researchers conclude.
The Natura 2000 network1 was established to prevent biodiversity and habitat loss across Europe and to fulfil the EU's obligations under the UN Convention on Biological Diversity2. According to the Natura Barometer, as of January 2014, 27 221 sites in 28 EU member states are protected under Natura 2000, covering 18% of total land area3. This includes 203 sites in the Netherlands, which cover 14% of the country's total land area.
In the Netherlands, some of the most important pressures on biodiversity are intensive agriculture and industry, leading to nitrogen pollution and drought or desiccation of land by lowering of the groundwater level. These pressures have resulted in acidification of soil, eutrophication and habitat fragmentation.
For this study the researchers focused on nitrogen deposition, desiccation, acidification and habitat fragmentation in the Netherlands. They mapped these pressures for both Natura 2000 and other, natural sites because many species are dependent on habitats both within and outside the network.
For nitrogen deposition, they set a critical load that indicates a limit above which significant harmful effects are assumed to occur. This limit was exceeded across 70% of the total area studied. There were 26 habitat types, including fens and raised bogs, where the limit was exceeded for 95% of the area studied. In maps combing all four environmental pressures, nitrogen deposition was often associated with desiccation. Thirty of the 63 habitat types studied were dependent on groundwater levels. For these habitat types, 91% of the area studied suffered from desiccation, the affected area making up a fifth of all natural land in the Netherlands.
The results also show that 40% of soils suffer from acidification, with sandy soils being worst affected. Finally, habitats were not badly fragmented, but connectivity of habitats was low for six of the 80 species considered.
Overall, two thirds of the natural areas in the Netherlands suffer from at least one of the four pressures. The researchers conclude that desiccation and nitrogen pollution are the major obstacles to meeting the objectives of the Natura 2000 network in the Netherlands and the Dutch government must take extensive measures to improve conditions. Sustainable farming and reduction of nitrogen outputs may form a key part of the solution, they conclude.
groundwater level
nitrogen reduction
groundwater pressure
groundwater study
Urban Control and City of London Corporation Win Itron Innovator Award
Urban Control, the solution provider that creates intelligent devices based on IoT open standards, announced that their customer City of London Corporation (City Corporation) has been named as the winner of the 2022 Itron Innovator Award for proactively addressing the City's pressing needs related to climate disruption and disaster recovery. The award, presented at the Itron Inspire 2022 conference in Florida, recognises the City Corporation and Urban Control taking advantage of Itron's...
Four countries, one river, one data platform, one voice
The Mekong River is the third largest river in Asia, originating in the Tibetan Plateau and running through China, Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam. Millions of people rely on the river for transport, fishing, agriculture, and more recently hydropower. Protecting this water and promoting collaborative sustainable use of the river is vital to the peace and prosperity of the region. The Mekong River Commission Secretariat (MRCS) is an intergovernmental organization that is tasked with providing the...
Using satellites to track groundwater depletion in California
Researchers have pioneered the use of a tool that can track the loss of groundwater in California`s Central Valley by measuring how much the Earth is sinking. Home to one of the largest groundwater basins in the western United States, the Central Valley supplies about one-fifth of the nation`s groundwater demand, a large part of which is used to provide crop irrigation and aid agricultural production. The same area also accounts for about 75% of the region`s subsidence—the scientific term for the gradual...
'Inadequate' Water Access for 5 Billion By 2050
The first State of Global Water Resources report from the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), published at the end of November, has revealed that large parts of the world saw drier than normal conditions last year… and it is now expected that over five billion people will face inadequate access to water at least one month per year by 2050. In 2021, precipitation patterns were influenced by climate change and La Nina (where surface ocean waters are cooled along the tropical west coast of South...
Ofwat warns some water firms invest less than half of their allowances to improve water network
Ofwat has revealed that water and wastewater companies are falling behind on their investment plans, leaving promised service improvements behind schedule or undelivered. Ofwat, as part of the price review process, sets allowances for how much companies can invest over the price control period, to maintain and improve its water network. Between 2020 and 2022 (the first two years of PR19), 14 companies underspent their budget on improving their water network and eight companies underspent their budget for improving...
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Transnational Capital and Class Fractions: The Amsterdam School Perspective Reconsidered
Bob Jessop, Henk Overbeek
Reference - 300 Pages - 3 B/W Illustrations
Series: RIPE Series in Global Political Economy
August 14, 2018 by Routledge
Emerging in the late 1970s, the Amsterdam School's (AS) most distinctive contribution to international political economy was the systematic incorporation of the Marxian concept of capital fractions into the study of international politics. Contending that politics in advanced capitalist countries takes place in a fundamentally transnationalized space in which the distinction between 'domestic' and 'international' has blurred, it shows how in this space, politics is structured by competing comprehensive concepts of control.
Presenting a concise and instructive introduction to the origins, development and significance of this distinct approach, this book provides a unique overview of the School's contemporary significance for the field. Offering a new generation of critical scholars the opportunity to become acquainted at first hand with some of the contributions that have shaped the work of the AS, the contributions present critical commentaries, discussing the merits and shortcomings of the AS from a variety of perspectives, and undertake a (self-) critical evaluation of the current place and value of the AS framework in the broader landscape of approaches to the study of contemporary capitalism.
Written for scholars and students alike, it will be of interest to those working in international political economy, international relations and political science, political sociology, European studies and branches of academic economics such as regulation theory and institutional economics.
Introduction - Political economy, capital fractions, transnational class formation: The intellectual pedigree of the Amsterdam School
Henk Overbeek
The Amsterdam School: Key contributions
1 The Dutch bourgeoisie between the two world wars (1979)
Ries Bode
2 Class formation at the international level (1979)
Kees Van Der Pijl
3 Finance capital and the crisis in Britain (1980)
4 The international corporate elite (1982)
Meindert Fennema
5 Transnational class agency and European governance: The case of the European Round Table of Industrialists (2000)
Bastiaan Van Apeldoorn
6 Asymmetrical regulation and multidimensional governance in the European Union (2004)
Otto Holman
Critical commentaries
7 Class fractions and hegemonic concepts of control
Andreas Bieler and Adam Morton
8 Losing control? The Amsterdam School travels East
Dorothee Bohle
9 The Amsterdam School and its implications for Chinese scholars
Bai Yunzhen
10 Reconsidering the 'dangerous liaisons' between China and neoliberalism and its impact in Latin America and Caribbean countries
Leonardo Ramos and Javier Vadell
11 Saying Goodbye? Tracing my itinerary from Amsterdam to Beijing
Naná De Graaff
12 Reflections on the Amsterdam School and the transnational capitalist class
William K. Carroll
13 Theories of imperialism: Rivalries and unity
Alan Cafruny and Magnus Ryner
14 Nationalist populism within the Lockean heartland
Hans-Jürgen Bieling
15 Out of Amsterdam! Beyond the boundaries of (transnational) capitalist class formation
Laura Horn and Angela Wigger
16 The Amsterdam School: Gender as a blind spot?
Marianne H. Marchand
17 The Amsterdam School, critical realism and the study of 'deep structures'
Hubert Buch-Hansen and Juan Ignacio Staricco
18 Confronting global governance after the historical turn in IR
Samuel Knafo
19 Network analysis and the Amsterdam School: An unfulfilled promise?
Eelke M. Heemskerk
The Amsterdam School and the Political Economy of Contemporary Capitalism
20 A transnational analysis of the current crisis
21 Putting the Amsterdam School in its place
Bob Jessop
Bob Jessop is Distinguished Professor of Sociology and Co-Director of the Cultural Political Economy Research Centre at Lancaster University.
Henk Overbeek is Emeritus Professor of International Relations. He has taught international relations and international political economy at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam since 1999.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


It is a recipe of snacks which texture will attract kids.
It is a Mumbai special street food which is filled with an amazing flavour.
Butter Murukku is a snack which is crispy and soft because of butter residing in it.
You can make achari matri anytime and enjoy its lip smacking taste.
It is a namkeen which does not require the machine while preparing and it is a bite-size namkeen.
Spicy mixture namkeen is a namkeen which is made up of the mixture of many spices and ingredients.
Easy to make instant snack of Potato Sev Namkeen with Semolina to satisfy your hunger pangs.
Sweet and salty Conflakes Namkeen with increased shelf life, prepared instantly.


This year's swissnex Day, held under the topic of "Big Data", is hosted by the University of Fribourg. A special breakout session organized by swissnex Boston's Felix Moesner focuses on "swissnex mobile" at the Expo 2017 in Astana.
Registration for swissnex Day 2015 is closed, but limited space is available for registrants interested in attending Breakout Session #6 Future Energy with "swissnex mobile" at the EXPO 2017 in Astana (please scroll to the bottom of the page for more information).
In order to register, please contact sebastien.hug@nullsbfi.admin.ch.
On the occasion of the EXPO 2017 in Astana, Kazakhstan, the pilot project "swissnex mobile" will explore new ways of connecting the dots. The EXPO's theme on the future of energy will offer an opportunity to showcase Switzerland's innovative solutions for future energy challenges and to connect with potential partners in Central Asia in the field of education, research and innovation (ERI).
Join us for an interactive session to learn more about the EXPO 2017 and the pilot project "swissnex mobile". Share with us your ideas on how to present the future of energy in Switzerland in a creative way and how to build sustainable ERI-bridges with Central Asia.


The Guinness World Record of the biggest lasagne has been broken last week in Poland. An Italian restaurant in Krakow has created a gigantic meat feast to celebrate the Italian soccer team, headquartered nearby during the Euro Soccer Championship.
A team of 10 chefs worked around the clock to create the colossal 4.8 tons-lasagne, which took over 10 hours to bake before being sliced into more than 10,000 servings!!!
It is not known whether or not the Italian players sampled this dish. However, it may have brought them luck as they eventually qualified to the semi-finals, when they will face the German team next Thursday. Guess who I'm rooting for… Forza Azzurri!


Jake and Kyla - Premier Quality Renovations Inc.
Peter was recommended to us by friends. We asked him to visit us and assess our bathrooms. The first thing that I noticed was Peter's enthusiasm for the job: he took the time to walk us through our options, to answer all of our questions (no matter how basic) and to provide suggestions regarding design and materials.
Once we selected Peter and Premier, we quickly realized that their excellent reputation was well-deserved. Peter and his team were exceptional: they worked hard, their work quality was notable, they maintained a very clean working area and they were always professional and friendly. Peter remained engaged in the process from start to finish.
The results were spectacular: Peter and his team renovated two of our bathrooms, and the quality and workmanship is remarkable. They also repaired our front hallway, and the attention to detail is evident.
We are extremely happy with Peter and Premier, and we have already recommended the company to our friends.


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Exelixis and Ipsen initiate phase 3 pivotal trial (COSMIC-312) of cabozantinib in combination with atezolizumab versus sorafenib in previously untreated advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Clinical trial will also explore single-agent activity of cabozantinib in the first-line setting –
ALAMEDA, Calif. & PARIS – December 5, 2018 – Exelixis, Inc. (Nasdaq: EXEL) and Ipsen (Euronext:IPN; ADR:IPSEY) today announced the initiation of COSMIC-312, a phase 3 pivotal trial of cabozantinib (CABOMETYX®) in combination with atezolizumab (TECENTRIQ®) versus sorafenib in previously untreated advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The co-primary endpoints of the trial are progression-free survival and overall survival. An exploratory arm will also evaluate cabozantinib monotherapy in this first-line setting.
"Liver cancer is the fastest-rising cause of cancer-related death in the U.S., underscoring the need for new treatment options for this patient community," said Gisela Schwab, M.D., President, Product Development and Medical Affairs and Chief Medical Officer, Exelixis. "Based on past evidence of potential synergistic effects with cabozantinib and immune checkpoint inhibitors, the combination offers promise for patients with advanced liver cancer who have not received prior treatment."
COSMIC-312 is a multicenter, randomized, controlled phase 3 pivotal trial that aims to enroll approximately 640 patients at up to 200 sites globally. Patients will be randomized 6:3:1 to one of three arms: cabozantinib (40 mg) and atezolizumab, sorafenib, or cabozantinib (60 mg).
Exelixis is sponsoring COSMIC-312, and Ipsen will co-fund the trial. Ipsen will have access to the results to support potential future regulatory submissions outside of the U.S. and Japan. Genentech, a member of the Roche Group, is providing atezolizumab for use in this trial.
"With more than 800,000 new diagnoses of liver cancer worldwide each year and a poor prognosis for patients with advanced disease, there is an urgent need to identify new treatment options," said R. Kate Kelley, M.D., Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, and lead investigator on COSMIC-312. "We look forward to learning whether the combination of cabozantinib and atezolizumab may improve outcomes for previously untreated patients."
More information about this trial is available at ClinicalTrials.gov.


Janie graduates from high school in 2010 and enrolls in college in the fall. Her parents pay $4,000 for her tuition and fees.
a. Assuming Janie's parents have AGI of $170,000, what is the American Opportunity credit they can claim for Janie?
b. Assuming Janie's parents have AGI of $75,000, what is the American Opportunity credit they can claim for Janie?