The traditional operation model for legal services is antiquated. Historically, the market has tolerated rampant inefficiency and low value for price. Lawyers typically don't score high on the "benefit to society" scoreboard, either. But modern consumers want change: there is a growing demand for legal firms that engage with clients and operate with speed, accuracy, and convenience. And consumers want this efficiency at a much lower cost.
A wave of new legal firms is surging to meet this demand. These firms are using the principles of Market Invention to reshape the legal service industry. Let's take a look at three ways legal firms are challenging traditions and catering to consumers in 2018.
Millennials represent one of the most lucrative market shares today. Across industries, Millennials are securing majority positions both as corporate players and as consumers. If you want to optimize your law firm, you have to have to keep a finger on the Millennial pulse.
One way for firms to cast themselves in a positive and progressive light is by adopting eco-conscious practices. 80% of Millennials claim that environmental and social causes weigh on their purchasing behavior. Besides practicing the growing field of "green law" (fighting for the planet), lawyers can reduce carbon emissions and contribute to environmental causes. It's an opportunity to help the earth and score reputability with younger generations.
Millennials commonly research even small purchases online before making a purchase in a brick-and-mortar store. And if Millennials care enough to research a restaurant or a pair of running shoes, it makes sense for law offices to put an increasing emphasis on their digital presence. Our research finds that 29% of Millennials prefer video content when exploring a brand, which is almost twice the number who turn to white papers (16%) or brochures (15%). And by creating a high-profile online presence, you are not only going to attract Millennials: a full 81% of all shoppers, regardless of age, research online before buying.
Another trend for 2018 looks to be the continued advance of machine learning. The AI robots aren't here to take over the world (yet), but there are already some productive ways for law offices to integrate artificial intelligence. One way is to use technology to augment low-value, repetitive work like preliminary research. Already, computers are ridiculously more efficient at extracting and sorting large amounts of information than human workers. Forbes reports that by using machine learning systems like LexisNexis DiscoveryIQ, the timeframe for legal research can be slashed by about 70%.
Deloitte is predicting the legal field will undergo a radical transformation by 2020, based around machine learning. They foresee an industry with less traditional lawyers and firms, but increased demand for elite, adaptable lawyers. It seems the change is inevitable, with 85% of law firms saying they believe technology replacing human workers is a permanent trend. Simply put, those who refuse to innovate through artificial intelligence will not survive the machine learning revolution.
This trend is driven by clients, especially corporate clients, seeking more transparent and predictable pricing. Alternative fee agreements, or AFAs, are one of the largest trends in the legal field, and most law firms feel AFAs will continue to grow. By providing up-front, results-oriented pricing, AFA's offer clients greater value for their dollar and the confidence that the case will stay within budget. And AFAs don't only benefit the client: Altman Weil reports that if done well, AFAs can be lucrative for law firms, too. Additionally, by releasing overworked lawyers from the grip of billable hours, firms can even hope to see increases in mental health and well-being.
Legal professionals will have to shed some long-standing practices and stereotypes to succeed in the coming years. As Millennials and Generation Zs become more prominent, law firms will have to show that they are not just money-making litigators, but reputable organizations that fight for justice and give back to society and the planet. Many jobs will be lost to machines, and firms need to start planning for the inevitable transition now. And in order to put cost-conscious corporations and individuals at ease, pricing and fees need to be increasingly transparent moving forward.


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Wasylina
Anna Wasylina Bios
Anna Wasylina
Anna Wasylina (1889 - 1986)
Delhi, Merced County, California 95315
Anna Wasylina was born on November 19, 1889. She died in April 1986 at 96 years old. We know that Anna Wasylina had been residing in Delhi, Merced County, California 95315.
Anna Wasylina Anna Wasylina (1889 - 1986)
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Anna Wasylina died in April 1986 at 96 years old. She was born on November 19, 1889. We are unaware of information about Anna's surviving family. We know that Anna Wasylina had been residing in Delhi, Merced County, California 95315.
Refresh this page to see various historical events that occurred during Anna's lifetime.
In 1889, in the year that Anna Wasylina was born, on January 15th, the Coca-Cola Company was incorporated - originally as the "Pemberton Medicine Company". The Coca-Cola drink was originally created by John Stith Pemberton, first as a patent medicine and then as a soda fountain drink. Pemberton had sold the company in 1888, shortly before he died.
In 1898, when she was merely 9 years old, on February 15th, the USS Maine exploded and sank in Havana harbor. The reason for the explosion has never been found, but it killed 266 men. "Remember the Maine" became a rallying cry and precipitated the United States' declaration of war on Spain two months later - the beginning of the Spanish-American War. On December 10th, the war ended with the signing of the Treaty of Paris. The Treaty gave the U.S. Puerto Rico, the Philippines, Guam - for $20 million - and, temporarily, Cuba.
In 1923, when she was 34 years old, on September 1, an earthquake - the Great Kanto earthquake - destroyed one-third of Tokyo. Measuring 7.9 and with a reported duration of between 4 and 10 minutes, casualties totaled about 142,800 deaths, including about 40,000 who went missing and were presumed dead.
In 1934, Anna was 45 years old when on November 11th 1933, an extremely strong dust storm hit South Dakota, stripping topsoil. Other strong dust storms had occurred during 1933. Severe droughts continued to hit the Great Plains and the dust storms devastated agricultural production as well as people's' lives for several years. The Roosevelt administration and scientists eventually determined that farming practices had caused the conditions that led to the dust storms and the changes they implemented in farming stopped the Dust Bowl.
In 1986, in the year of Anna Wasylina's passing, on September 8th, the Oprah Winfrey Show went into national syndication. A popular talk show, it was number 1 in the ratings since its debut. The last show aired on May 25, 2011.
Other Wasylinas
Nick Wasylina
Dec 9, 1920 - Oct 11, 1987
Bayzl Wasylina
Apr 23, 1881 - Aug 1973
Bernice Harriet Wasylina
Sep 22, 1915 - Nov 21, 2009
John Wasylina
Jul 2, 1909 - Aug 7, 1998
Jeffery P. Wasylina
Lisa A. (Schaufelberger) Wasylina
Paul A. Wasylina
Alice M. (Paramore) Wasylina
M Wasylina,Jason
Messina,Susan M. Wasylina,Jason
Anthony R. Wasylina
Kimberly K. (Clark) Wasylina
Nicholas Wasylina
Elizabeth Wedel
Nov 19, 1892 - Aug 27, 1989
Charles R Smith
Jun 1, 1876 - Jan 15, 1967
Minnie Johnson
Gertie Dennis
Jun 17, 1877 - Dec 1970
Jennie A Dreamer
Dec 9, 1896 - Sep 15, 1973
Helen Derington
Jul 9, 1880 - Nov 1969
Dorothy Pearson
Apr 8, 1880 - Dec 1971
L C Bidwell
Feb 17, 1879 - Jul 15, 1966
Lafe L Brown
Jan 14, 1880 - Sep 15, 1972
Ethelyn Lewis
Jul 26, 1891 - Jan 1969
Mary Z Bradley
Sep 20, 1888 - Oct 15, 1974
Emma S Hoegh
Apr 21, 1896 - Jul 15, 1974
Dollie M Gassoway
Callie Ford
Dec 16, 1893 - Apr 1978
Millie Phelan
Sep 13, 1874 - Mar 15, 1966
Mary Iverson
May 3, 1883 - Nov 1977
Asley Ameer
Jun 9, 1898 - Jul 1970
Michael Frascarelli
Dec 8, 1882 - Jun 15, 1974
Harley Bobb
Catarino Hurtado
Nov 24, 1893 - Apr 15, 1968
This page dedicated to Anna Wasylina is a collaborative biography where anyone can add information and share memories.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Your doctor calculates your stage of pregnancy or your gestational age using your last menstrual period. She will ask you when the first day of your last period was and from there, count how many weeks pregnant you are. This is also how your doctor will estimate your due date by counting 40 weeks from the first day of your last period.
An ultrasound scan estimates your baby's age by measuring different parts of your baby's body such as her head, abdomen, and legs.
In the second and third trimester, a difference in age of up to two weeks is considered normal between your gestational age and the ultrasound scan age. After all, your gestational age doesn't start from the actual day of conception but from your last menstrual cycle.
For example, your anomaly scan may date your baby at around 19 weeks when your doctor considers you already 20 weeks pregnant. If this happens, your doctor will not be alarmed but she'll keep an eye on how your baby is developing in subsequent scans just to be sure that the difference in age doesn't increase.
You may also find that your scan report indicates different ages for different body parts of your baby. Your baby's legs might correspond to 21 weeks of pregnancy while her head might indicate 20 weeks. This is completely normal as each baby has different proportions and grows slightly differently. If all babies grew exactly the same way, all babies around the world would be the same height and weight when they were born!
If you had irregular periods, your due date calculation based on your last menstrual cycle is often not accurate. If this is your situation, the dates of the scan will be used to determine your due date and the stage of pregnancy you are at.
If there is a large difference between the expected size of your baby and what the scan reveals, it could indicate a missed miscarriage or a blighted ovum.
In the case of a missed miscarriage or blighted ovum, there will also be no heartbeat. Your doctor will ask you to get a second scan to confirm this and then discuss your next steps. You can either wait to miscarry naturally or opt for a small operation to remove the contents of the uterus.
Unfortunately, miscarriages are quite common in the first trimester. If this happens to you, it can be devastating, but rest assured that it doesn't mean that you'll miscarry again the next time you get pregnant.
If your scan shows a difference of more than two weeks in the second trimester, your doctor will ask you to have another scan after a month.
All your baby's nutrients come from your diet and reach your baby through the blood that is carried to her by the umbilical cord. If your diet is everything that it should be, your baby might be small because not enough blood is reaching her. Your doctor will prescribe a Doppler scan that measures the blood flow in the umbilical cord. If the Doppler scan finds that the umbilical arteries are normal, it might just mean that you have a small baby.
If your baby is larger than her expected gestational age by more than two weeks, it could be a sign of gestational diabetes. Diabetes can make your baby bigger than what she should be for her age. If your sugar level is found to be high, your doctor will advise you on your diet and treatment. If you do develop gestational diabetes, you may find it reassuring to know that it usually goes once your baby is born.
It is more difficult to measure your baby in the third trimester because she's much bigger and curls up in your womb. She may even have dropped making it harder for your doctor to see some of her body parts in a scan.
At this stage of pregnancy, the length of the thigh bone, also known as the femur, is usually used to see if your baby is the right size. The circumference of your baby's tummy, known as AC, shows if your baby has gained weight as expected.
If after repeated scans, your baby is found to be either too small or too big for her gestational age, your doctor may suggest an early delivery.
Why am I being offered growth scans?


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mdigital » Rock » Ted Nugent - Great Gonzos! - The Best Of Ted Nugent
Ted Nugent - Great Gonzos! - The Best Of Ted Nugent download mp3 album
Ted_Nugent Hard_Rock Arena_Rock 1981 Philippines
Great Gonzos! - The Best Of Ted Nugent
Hard Rock, Arena Rock
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Great Gonzos!: The Best of Ted Nugent, is the first compilation album by Ted Nugent, collecting his best-known tracks from his time with Epic Records. The album was originally released in 1981 with ten tracks (see 1981 in music) and reissued in 1999 with three bonus tracks. All songs written by Ted Nugent, except "Baby Please Don't Go" by Big Joe Williams and "Give Me Just a Little" by Nugent, Neal Schon, Tommy Shaw and Jack Blades. Cat Scratch Fever" – 3:39 (from the 1977 album Cat Scratch Fever).
When originally released in 1981, the ten-track Great Gonzos!: The Best of Ted Nugent was an expertly selected collection of Ted Nugent's best-known material
Ted Nugent: все альбомы, включая The Music Made Me Do It, Dog Eat Dog - Live 1982 FM Broadcast, Wang Gang Sweet Poontang и другие. The Best Of Ted Nugent. Great Gonzos- The Best Of Ted Nugent. Cat Scratch ed Nugent (3 Pak).
Ted Nugent Discography.
Album, Сентябрь 1975, Legacy, Epic Records. Re-Issue in 1999 by Legacy with four Bonustracks. Album, Октябрь 1976, Epic Records. Re-Issue in 1999 with three Bonustracks. 1. Free for All. 2. Dog Eat Dog. 3. Writing on the Wall.
The best Ted Nugent songs will be with us long after any controversy over his political views or latest inflammatory quotes have faded away. In a recording career that has lasted for decades, the Motor City Madman has blended the distorted garage rock of his hometown Detroit with soul, rhythm and blues and a heavy dose of early rock pioneers such as Chuck Berry and Little Richard. Here's our list of the Top 10 Ted Nugent songs. From: 'Ted Nugent' (1975). This charmingly unsubtle Ted Nugent "love song" is only let loose for three minutes on the Cat Scratch Fever album, but doubles in length for the following year's must-own live document. The extra time is divided between a prime example of Ted's tongue-twisting on-stage rants and a fine showcase of his ability to go off on extended guitar excursions without ever landing in the land of wank.
Most notable is Ted Nugent's guitar work. While technically not great, he has a great feel for the music, and plays interesting leads with innovative use of feedback and other noises. Overall, Ted Nugent the album is representative of Ted Nugent the man: loud, in your face and uncompromising. It's so crazy, yes, you know but I like it. Maxwell Marco Martello: Here goes an awesome record that these days might get somewhat overlooked or underestimated because of Uncle Ted's antics. Double Live Gonzo belongs to the best 20 live albums of all time and live the songs gaining much more energy and especially genius guitar solos. John Davidson: What is most striking about listening to the album now is how slow and tame it is. At the time, Nugent was loud, fast and wild but this collection of songs is largely mid paced bluesy/country rock, filled with the usual lyrical cliches of the time.
1 Cat Scratch Fever
Producer – Cliff Davies, Lew Futterman, Tom Werman
2 Just What The Doctor Ordered
Producer – Lew Futterman, Tom Werman
3 Free For All
4 Dog Eat Dog
5 Motor City Madhouse
6 Paralyzed
Producer – Cliff Davies, Lew Futterman
7 Stranglehold
8 Baby Please Don't Go
9 Wango Tango
10 Wang Dang Sweet Poontang
Producer – Cliff Davies
Manufactured By – Epic
Phonographic Copyright (p) – CBS Inc.
Copyright (c) – CBS Inc.
Mastered At – Sterling Sound
Matrix / Runout (Runout Side A): AL-37667-1K STERLING
Matrix / Runout (Runout Side B): BL 37667 G|C G|P
LP-1561-E Ted Nugent Great Gonzos! - The Best Of Ted Nugent (LP, Comp) CBS/Sony LP-1561-E Philippines 1981
CEK 37667 Ted Nugent Great Gonzos! - The Best Of Ted Nugent (LP, Comp) Epic CEK 37667 Canada 1981
EK 37667 Ted Nugent Great Gonzos! - The Best Of Ted Nugent (CD, Album, Comp) Epic EK 37667 US 1984
ELPS 4338 Ted Nugent Great Gonzos! - The Best Of Ted Nugent (LP, Comp) Epic ELPS 4338 Australia 1981
EPC 85408 Ted Nugent Great Gonzos! - The Best Of Ted Nugent (LP, Comp) Epic, Suzy EPC 85408 Yugoslavia 1983
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Freeform Gets Into the Christmas Movie Game
Aug 17, 2017 • Post A Comment
Freeform announced plans Thursday for its first original Christmas movie, with production starting this week in Toronto on "Angry Angel." The movie stars Jason Biggs and Brenda Song.
The Sony Pictures Television production comes from Golden Globe-nominated director and writer Will Gluck ("Easy A", "Friends with Benefits"). Along with Biggs and Song, it stars Ricky Mabe ("Preacher"), Andrew Bachelor ("Meet the Blacks") and Andy Favreau ("Aquarius").
"Set in New York City, 'Angry Angel' follows a young woman turned angel, Allison Pyke (played by Song), who is stuck on Earth and can't seem to ring the right bells in order to pass through those pearly gates into heaven," Freeform says in today's announcement. "When the love of her life, Patrick (played by Mabe), shows up in New York City, it complicates Pyke's journey as well as frustrates her angel mentor Jason Biggs (played by Biggs). The not-so-merry situation also turns into an unexpected love triangle with her friend with sometimes benefits, Barker (played by Favreau)."
The movie will be a part of Freeform's annual "Countdown to 25 Days of Christmas," which begins on Saturday, Nov. 18. The programming event will also feature "Elf," "Richie Rich's Christmas Wish," "Home Alone" and other movies, with the full lineup to be announced at a later date.
Produced by Olive Bridge Entertainment in association with Sony Pictures Television, with Will Gluck and Richard Schwartz as executive producers, "Angry Angel" will premiere in November 2017.
Cable Net Pulls the Plug on Series
Turner to Launch Over-the-Top Sports Platform
Only ONE original movie? They better step up their game.
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Craig Mackinlay MP has backed the Government's contract with Seaborne Freight to charter additional ferry capacity in the event of a no-deal Brexit after the Transport Secretary, Chris Grayling, assured him in the House of Commons today that there will be no taxpayer cash for Seaborne Freight unless they deliver the Ramsgate-Ostend ferry service.
Craig sought reassurances from the Secretary of State during an Urgent Question on Seaborne Freight tabled by Labour's Shadow Transport Secretary, Andy McDonald MP, during which MPs questioned the Government about the £13.8m contract.
"If the government were to do no planning for Brexit eventualities, they would be condemned and now they are actually doing sensible planning, they now face derision.
"There are people in this House who don't seem to be listening.
In answer to Craig's question, Mr Grayling reiterated that the Government will not pay monies to Seaborne unless and until they provide the ferry service agreed in the £13.8m contract.
"It's disappointing to hear the Labour Party so opposed to the regeneration of the Port of Ramsgate.
"It's not so very long ago that the Labour Party represented Ramsgate in Parliament.
"I welcome the dredging and improvements now taking shape at the port of Ramsgate at no cost to local taxpayers.
"The Transport Secretary has been absolutely clear: if there is no service there will be no money.
"In the meantime our port will be upgraded and the sea approaches, always subject to extreme silting, will be dredged at somebody else's expense.


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Revista Española de Enfermedades Digestivas
Rev. esp. enferm. dig. vol.102 n.5 Madrid May. 2010
Impact of the total number of harvested lymph nodes after colon cancer resections on survival in patients without involved lymph node
Influencia del número total de ganglios analizados tras cirugía de resección en el cáncer de colon sobre la supervivencia en pacientes sin afectación ganglionar
M. I. Rivadulla-Serrano1, D. Martínez-Ramos1, M. Armengol-Carrasco2, J. Escrig-Sos1, J. M. Daroca-José1, G. A. Paiva-Coronel1, C. Fortea-Sanchís1 and J. L. Salvador-Sanchis1
1General and Digestive Surgery Department. Hospital General de Castellón. Spain.
2General and Digestive Surgery Department. Hospital Vall d'Hebron. Barcelona, Spain
Background: the total number of harvested lymph nodes has been demonstrated to be of prognostic significance for colon cancer. Differences can occur in the total number of harvested lymph nodes between different specialists (surgeons and pathologists).
Objective: the aim of this study was to analyse if, in our centre, the number of analysed lymph nodes in patients with colon cancer that are classified as pN0 is also related to survival.
Material and methods: a retrospective study was designed, where 148 patients with colon adenocarcinoma (pN0 of TNM classification) who underwent elective surgery between 1 January 1995 and 31 December 2001, with curative intent were included. Three groups were created according to the number of analysed lymph nodes (< 7, 7-14, > 14 lymph nodes). For survival analysis the Kaplan-Meier and CUSUM curves methods were used.
Results: the total number of analysed lymph nodes was 1,493 (mean 10.1 lymph nodes per patient). The rate of 5-years survival was 63.0% in the group with < 7 lymph nodes; 7-14 lymph nodes: 80.6% and those with > 14 lymph nodes: 91.8% (p < 0.01). Prognostic significance was also present for multivariate analysis.
Conclusion: in our centre, harvesting a larger number of lymph nodes is related to improved rates of 5-years survival for patients with colon cancer staged as pN0. It seems reasonable to recommend obtaining as many lymph nodes as possible, and not to establish a minimum number of lymph nodes to be harvested.
Key words: Lymph nodes. Colon cancer. Survival. Prognosis.
Introducción: el número total de ganglios analizados ha demostrado su influencia pronóstica en el cáncer de colon. Pueden existir grandes diferencias en el número de ganglios obtenidos por diferentes especialistas (cirujanos y anatomopatólogos).
Objetivo: el objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar si, en nuestro medio, el número de ganglios analizados en pacientes con cáncer de colon clasificados como pN0 se relaciona también con la supervivencia.
Material y métodos: estudio retrospectivo, con inclusión de 148 pacientes con adenocarcinoma de colon (pN0 de la clasificación TNM) intervenidos de forma programada con intención curativa entre 1 de enero de 1995 y 31 de diciembre de 2001. Se establecieron 3 grupos según el número de ganglios analizados (< 7, 7-14, > 14 ganglios). Para el análisis de la supervivencia se utilizaron el método de Kaplan Meier y las gráficas CUSUM.
Resultados: el número total de ganglios analizados fue 1.493 (media 10,1 ganglios por paciente). La supervivencia a 5 años fue del 63,0% en el grupo con < 7 ganglios; del 80,6% en el grupo con 7-14; y del 91,8% en el grupo con > 14 ganglios analizados (p < 0,01). La influencia pronóstica se mantuvo en el análisis multivariante.
Conclusión: en nuestro medio, la obtención de un mayor número de ganglios analizados se relaciona con una mayor supervivencia a los 5 años en pacientes con cáncer de colon clasificados como pN0. Parece razonable recomendar la obtención de tantos ganglios como sea posible en este tipo de cirugía y no recomendar un número mínimo de ganglios que se deberían analizar.
Palabras clave: Ganglios linfáticos. Cáncer de colon. Supervivencia. Pronóstico.
Colorectal cancer constitutes the most frequent neoplasia in our environment, with an estimated incidence of nearly 2,359 new cases per 100,000 inhabitants each year; it ranks second in deaths caused by neoplasias, after lung cancer in males and breast cancer in females (1). As it happens in the majority of tumours, developmental state at the moment of diagnosis is the main factor in the prognosis of this cancer. Therefore, the degree of tumoral infiltration, the lymph nodal affectation and the presence of metastasis at distance (TNM classification) have proven to be the main factors involved (2).
Several studies have focussed on the influence of the number of analysed lymph nodes in the prognosis of patients. In these studies submitted to resectional surgery in colorectal cancer, the lymph nodal analysis can be either positive or negative for the presence of neoplastic cells (3-9). However, there are several factors that condition the number of analysed lymph nodes and they can show big differences depending on the environment in which they are studied, and for each working group (10). It is therefore of great interest to contemplate whether, in our setting, the total number of harvested lymph nodes in patients submitted to resectional surgery for colon cancer and that are also finally stratified as negatives (pN0 of TNM classification), is related to survival rates and to study these results in accordance with previously published results.
Retrospective study reviewing medical histories, obtained from the database of our centre, where 148 patients submitted to resectional surgery in colon cancer, which final anatomopathological diagnosis was staged as pN0 of TNM classification. On an elective surgery between 1 January 1995 and 31 December 2001 with curative intent and the diagnosis of colon adenocarcinoma were included. In order to be included in the study, the anatomopathologic report needed to include the tumoral size, the lymph node affectation and the total number of analysed lymph nodes. All the patients should have complied with the protocols set up by our service. This study excluded patients with rectal cancer or tumours located in the vermiform appendix, those with neoadjuvant treatments, either palliative or urgent, or other histopathologic types of cancers, such as lymphomas, sarcomas or carcinoid tumours. Laparoscopic procedures were excluded, because this practice, during the studied period, was not standardized in our centre. Those patients with lymph nodal affectation (pN1 or pN2) or metastasis at distance were also excluded from this study. No patients had received adjuvant treatments. Therefore, 172 patients were excluded from the 320 cases treated in this period, so the total patients analysed were 148.
In order to assess the impact of the number of analysed lymph nodes on the prognosis, three groups of patients were created according to the recommendations of the 6th edition of the TNM classification (< 7, 7-14, > 14 lymph nodes) (11).
For descriptive and univariate survival analysis two methods were used: the Kaplan-Meier method, with the Log-rank test to establish the statistical significance, and CUSUM (cumulative sum) graph method. In the multivariate analysis through Cox regression, the parameters whose influence on the prognosis was significant during the univariate analysis were used. Parameters without statistical significance were not included because they did not provide further information to the regression model.
For the mathematical calculations SPSS 15.0 software for Windows was used. Differences with a value p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. The CUSUM curve was obtained by using STATA 10 software, measuring the state variable (death during the follow up) against the total number of analysed lymph nodes.
Characteristics of the sample
The total number of patients included on the study was 148, 75 males and 73 females. The average age was 68.4 years (range 30-92 years). 64.9% of the patients were older than 65 years and 35.1% were younger than 65 years. Of the 148 patients, 51 (34.5%) did not show any concomitant pathology. Table I shows the comorbidity of the 97 patients left. The average body mass index (BMI) was 27.1 (range 19.4-67.1). 54.1% of individuals belonged to the group with BMI ≥ 25 and 31.8% belonged to the group with BMI < 25. In 60.8% of cases the tumour was located on the left side of the colon, whereas in the other 58 cases it was located on the right side. Only 2 patients (1.4%) were diagnosed as pTis, 6 (4.1%) as pT1, 24 (16.2%) as pT2, 13 (18.8%) as pT4 and, more than half, 103 (69.6%), were classified as pT3. In 116 cases (78.4%), the patients were diagnosed as pT3-4, otherwise the other 32 cases (21.6%) were categorised as not classified as pT3-4. The majority of the patients, 116 (78.4%), were included as stage II of the TNM classification, 30 (20.3%) were classified as stage I, 2 as stage 0 (pTis), and no patients were registered as stage III or IV due to the inclusion and exclusion characteristics of the case study.
Lymph node analysis
The total number of analysed lymph nodes was 1,493, with an average of 10.1 per patient. Figure 1 shows the number of patients against the total number of analysed lymph nodes. As can be seen in this graph, less than 14 nodes were obtained in most cases. When the limit was fixed at 12 lymph nodes, 96 patients had less than 12 lymph nodes analysed, whereas in 52 cases more that 12 nodes were obtained. After dividing the patients into 3 subgroups depending on the number of analysed lymph nodes (< 7, 7-14, > 14 nodes), the biggest group was the one with 7-14 nodes, followed by the group with < 7 nodes and, finally, the one with more than 14 lymph nodes (Fig. 2). Lymph node analysis according to the tumoral invasion degree demonstrated interesting differences (Fig. 3). So, when the tumour was classified as pT3-T4, the group with 7-14 harvested lymph nodes was greater than the group who obtained < 7 lymph nodes. However, in the group with different tumoral invasion degree (pTis, pT1 y pT2) the biggest group of patients was the one with < 7 harvested lymph nodes.
Survival analysis
The rate of 5-years survival for the global series was 81.4%. The majority of deaths occurred during the first 3 years, remaining practically constant from that point. Figure 4 shows the results obtained when the probability of survival according to the number of analysed lymph nodes is compared for each subgroup of patients created. In these terms, the rate of 5-years survival in patients with < 7 analysed lymph nodes was 63.0%, in the group between 7-14 was 80.6% and for the group with >14 this was 91.8%. These differences met the statistical significance (p < 0.01).
Figure 5 shows the data obtained when the descriptive curve CUSUM (cumulative sum) was used. In this graph, the U form shows a monotonic general tendency favourable to survival, the larger the number of analysed lymph nodes the greater of alive patients. In this figure, a general trend is observed that suggest a maintained increase on the survival for higher numbers of harvested nodes. A more detailed interpretation tracking this general trend can be done as follows: line 0 indicates stabilisation of the probability of dying due to the presence of a tumour. It can be seen that until 6 analysed lymph nodes, the probability of death due to the tumour is cumulative. Figure 4 then demonstrates that from 7 to 14 analysed lymph nodes there is some improvement and at least stabilisation, and further improvement from 16 nodes to around 26 lymph nodes. However, after 26, more analysed lymph nodes do not necessarily show a clear improvement in probability of survival (the graph stabilises or fluctuates around line 0). As stated above, the "U" shape of the graph clearly shows that the probability of survival increases when the number of analysed lymph nodes is increased.
Table II shows the data obtained using a limit of 7-14 harvested lymph nodes. As can be observed in the top half of the table, as the number of analysed lymph nodes as the tumoral infiltration degree (pT) showed prognostic influence. Therefore, the pT3-4 subgroup presented more risk of mortality (positive B value, with a hazard ratio of 5.32) than the rest of patients. On the other hand, the number of analysed lymph nodes maintained its influence over prognosis in the sense that the patients with 7-14 lymph nodes obtained a hazard ratio of 0.44 and the ones > 14 a hazard ratio of 0.16 when compared to patients with less than 7 analysed lymph nodes. In other words, obtaining 7 or more lymph nodes has better prognostic value than obtaining less than 7 nodes. As can be seen in table II, all these differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). By using the values obtained with the Cusum curve (8-25 nodes), similar results were obtained, in that the tumoral invasion degree (pT3-4) and the number of analysed lymph nodes according to the new subgroups met the statistical significance. In this case, the group with more than 25 nodes did not meet the significance because of the small number of cases (only 7 cases with more than 25 analysed lymph nodes).
In summary, in both multivariate analyses, the patients classified according to TNM as pT3-T4 had a worse prognosis than those included in the classification as T1-T2. In the same terms, it can be deduced that the collection of less than 7 or 8 nodes, respectively, also negatively affects the probability of survival of these patients.
The number of analysed lymph nodes remains one of the most interesting issues in colorectal surgery; and its impact on prognosis has been demonstrated many times, not only in patients with positive nodes but also in patients with negative nodes.
Several authors have proposed different values for the optimal number of nodes to be analysed in order to correctly staging patients with colon cancer (3,7,12-20). Acknowledging its importance, the majority of scientific associations have adhered to the recommendation of a minimum number of nodes to be analysed, agreeing in 12 as the required minimum (4,21,22). Nevertheless, the use of this recommendation as a quality criterion by centres or, even, surgeons has been recently questioned by Kukreja et al. (23). Possibly, as drastic brake points should be too global, and so globalisation hides shades that could be important.
The present study confirms the prognostic influence of the number of analysed lymph nodes in patients staged as pN0, as previously reported in the literature. The Kaplan Meier analysis showed that the prognosis in patients with > 14 lymph nodes analysed is better than that obtained with 7-14 nodes and this, at the same time, is better than the ones resulting from the analysis of < 7 nodes (91.8, 80.6 and 63%, respectively). Other authors have used this same mathematical method to reach the same conclusions, although the obtained data have been different (4,6,20,24,25). These possible divergences in mathematical methods were exactly the ones that led to the extension of our study about survival using the CUSUM curves. CUSUM curves are used in the control of production processes in many fields (medicine, learning curves, industry, etc.) and are useful in assessing results because their profile is very sensitive to subtle changes in data trends (either positives or negatives) that other methods may not be able to capture. Despite its simplicity and applicability, this kind of analysis has not been previously employed with the specific target of this study, so it is also interesting because of its originality. However, its use in welfare process control is more common each time in medical literature. Nevertheless, the fact that the lower limit in both approaches was similar (7 and 8 lymph nodes, respectively) the differences observed in the higher values (14 and 25 lymph nodes, respectively) corroborate our idea that recommendations can vary in different circumstances.
On the other hand, the number of analysed lymph nodes can vary due to many factors (e.g. depending on the anatomy and biology of the patient, the surgical technique, and on the anatomopathologic study) (4,5,24,26,27) so, any recommendation regarding the number of lymph nodes will unlikely be applicable to all possible situations. Furthermore, another drawback of recommending a minimum number of lymph nodes, lies in the wide group of patients in those the minimum recommended number were not reached (almost 2 out every 3 patients in our study obtained less than 12 nodes). Although these data agree with those in the majority of published studies (6,20,28) their prognostic and therapeutic importance cannot be ignored, as other authors have pointed out (4,5,7). For this reason, we considered that caution must be taken when recommending a minimum number of nodes to be analysed, because different mathematical analysis, the conditions and situations in those in whom the analysis is performed, can present enormous variations, between centres/groups of work and between patients.
Independent of all these discussions about there being a minimum number of lymph nodes to be analysed, what seems clear is that, as it has also been seen in our analysis, the larger the analysed number the better the prognosis, so it seems logical to surmise that as large a number as possible should be obtained (16,29-31).
We emphasize that only patients with colon cancer were included in our study. Thus patients with rectal cancer were excluded and, as a consequence, the results reported here are not necessarily applicable to this kind of patients. One of the limitations of the present study lies in its retrospective nature. Nevertheless, the differences observed are demonstrative enough of the importance of the number of lymph nodes analysed in patients with colon cancer. As has been discussed previously, another important limitation of this kind of analysis lies in the arbitrariness of establishing break points related to the number of lymph nodes to be studied.
Lastly, a limitation, or, better expressed, a particular and pertinent characteristic of the present study, is that it has been carried out in a single institution and the results obtained perhaps will not be comparable to those found in other centres, whose teams, (surgeons and anatomopathologists) will not obtain the same values as those found here. Nevertheless, unicentral studies have the advantage of reducing the number of possible differences in surgical technique and in anatomopathological studies (32).
In summary, based on the literature review and on our own experience, the number of analysed nodes in patients submitted to resectional surgery of colon cancer represents an independent prognostic factor when these are staged as pN0. Taking into account the large number of variables that can modify the lymph nodal analysis, it seems logical to conclude that the surgeon as the anatomopathologist should be motivated to obtain as many nodes as possible from each patient instead of fixing a number of nodes as a target in itself.
1. Generalitat Valenciana. Plan Oncológico de la Comunidad Valenciana 2002-2006. Valencia: Conselleria de Sanitat. Generalitat Valenciana; 2006. [ Links ]
2. Camuñas Segovia J, Devesa Múgica JM, Enríquez Navascués JM, et al. Colorrectal carcinoma. Multifactorial analysis of prognostic factors following curative resection. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 1991; 80: 22-7. [ Links ]
3. Caplin S, Cerottini JP, Bosman FT, et al. For patients with Dukes' B (TNM stage II) colorectal carcinoma, examination of six or fewer lymph nodes is related to poor prognosis. Cancer 1998; 83: 666-72. [ Links ]
4. Le Voyer TE, Sigurdson ER, Hanlon AL, et al. Colon cancer survival is associated with increasing number of lymph nodes analyzed: a secondary survey of intergroup trial INT-0089. J Clin Oncol 2003; 21: 2912-9. [ Links ]
5. Sarli L, Bader G, Iusco D, et al. Number of lymph nodes examined and prognosis of TNM stage II colorectal cancer. Eur J Cancer 2005; 41: 272-9. [ Links ]
6. Swanson RS, Compton CC, Stewart AK, et al. The prognosis of T3N0 colon cancer is dependent on the number of lymph nodes examined. Ann Surg Oncol 2003; 10: 65-71. [ Links ]
7. Burdy G, Panis Y, Alves A et al. Identifying patients with T3-T4 node negative colon cancer at high risk of recurrence. Dis Colon Rectum 2001; 44: 1682-8. [ Links ]
8. Berger AC, Sigurdson ER, Le Voyer T, et al. Colon cancer survival is associated with decreasing ratio of metastatic to examined lymph nodes. J Clin Oncol 2005; 23: 8706-12. [ Links ]
9. Martínez Ramos D, Escrig Sos J, Alcalde Sánchez M, et al. Disease-free survival and prognostic significance of metastasic lymph node ratio in T1-T2 N positive breast cancer patiens. A population registry-based study in a European country. World J Surg 2009; 33: 1659-64. [ Links ]
10. Martínez Ramos D, Escrig Sos J, Miralles Tena JM, et al. Influencia de la especialización del cirujano en los resultados tras cirugía por cáncer de colon. Utilidad de los índices de propensión (propensity scores). Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2008; 100: 387-92. [ Links ]
11. Greene FL, Page DL, Freming ID, et al., editors. AJCC cancer staging manual. 6th ed. New York: Springer; 2002. [ Links ]
12. Adell-Carceller R, Segarra-Soria MA, Pellicer-Castell V, et al. Impacto del número de ganglios negativos examinados en la evolución de los pacientes con cáncer colorrectal. Cir Esp 2004; 76: 16-9. [ Links ]
13. Kim J, Huynh R, Abraham I, et al. Number of lymph nodes and its impact on colorectal cancer staging. Am Surg 2006; 72: 902-5. [ Links ]
14. Cianchi F, Palomba A, Boddi V, et al. Lymph node recovery from colorectal tumor specimen: recommendation for a minimum number of lymph nodes to be examined. World J Surg 2002; 26: 384-9. [ Links ]
15. Cserni G, Vinh-Hung V, Burzykowski T. Is there a minimum number of lymph nodes that should be histologically assessed for a reliable nodal staging of T3N0M0 colorectal carcinomas? J Surg Oncol 2002; 81: 63-9. [ Links ]
16. Goldstein NS. Lymph node recoveries from 2427 pT3 colorectal specimens spanning 45 years. Recommendations for a minimum number of recovered lymph nodes based on predictive probabilities. Am J Surg Pathol 2002; 26: 179-89. [ Links ]
17. Leibl S, Tsybrovskyy O, Denk H. How many lymph nodes are necessary to stage and advancer adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon and upper rectum? Virchow Arch 2003; 443: 133-8. [ Links ]
18. Luna-Pérez P, Rodríguez-Ramírez S, Alvarado I, et al. Prognostic significance of retrieval lymph nodes per specimen in resected rectal adenocarcinoma after chemoradiation therapy. Arch Med Res 2003; 34: 281-6. [ Links ]
19. Berberoglu U. Prognostic significance of total lymph node number in patients with T1-4 N0 M0 colorectal cancer. Hepatogastroenterology 2004; 51: 1689-93. [ Links ]
20. Maurel J, Launoy G, Grosclaude P, et al. Lymph node harvest reporting in patients with carcinoma of the large bowel. A French population-based study. Cancer 1998; 82: 1482-6. [ Links ]
21. Lledó-Matoses S, editor. Guías clínicas de la Asociación Española de Cirujanos. Cirugía colorrectal. Madrid: Arán Ediciones, S.A.; 2000. [ Links ]
22. Parrilla-Paricio P, Jaurrieta-Mas E, Moreno-Azcoita. Cirugía AEC. Manual de la Asociación Española de Cirujanos. Madrid: Editorial Médica Panamericana, S.A.; 2005. [ Links ]
23. Kukreja SS, Esteban-Agusti E, Velasco JM, et al. Increased lymph node evaluation with colorectal cancer resection. Does it improve detection of stage III disease? Arch Surg 2009; 144: 612-7. [ Links ]
24. Prandi M, Lionetto R, Bini A, et al. Prognostic evaluation of stage B colon cancer patients is improved by an adequate lymphadenectomy. Results of a secondary analysis of a large scale adjuvant trial. Ann Surg 2002; 235: 458-63. [ Links ]
25. Hermanek P. Oncologic surgery/pathologic-anatomic viewponint. Langenbecks Arch Chir Suppl Kongessbd 1991; 277-81. [ Links ]
26. Schofield JB, Mounter NA, Mallet R, et al. The importance of achúrate pathological assessment of node involvement in colorectal cancer. Colorectal Disease 2006; 8: 460-70. [ Links ]
27. Jestin P, Påhlman L, Glimelius B, et al. Cancer staging and survival in colon cancer is dependent on the quality of the pathologists' specimen examination. Eur J Cancer 2005; 41: 2071-8. [ Links ]
28. Baxter NN, Virnig DJ, Rothenberger DA, et al. Lymph node evaluation in colorectal cancer patients: a population-based study. J Natl Cancer Inst 2005; 97: 219-25. [ Links ]
29. Mainprize KS, Hewavisinthe J, Savage A, et al. How many lymph nodes to stage colorectal carcinomas? J Clin Pathol 1998; 51: 165-6. [ Links ]
30. Ratto C, Sofo L, Ippoliti M, et al. Accurate lymph-node detection in colorectal specimens resected for cancer is prognostic significance. Dis Colon Rectum 1999; 42: 143-58. [ Links ]
31. Turner J, Vollmer RT. Lymph nodes in colorectal carcinoma. The Poisson probability paradigm. Am J Clin Pathol 2006; 125: 866-72. [ Links ]
32. Martínez-Ramos D, Escrig-Sos J, Miralles-Tena JM, et al. ¿Existe un número mínimo de ganglios linfáticos que se deben analizar en la cirugía del cáncer colorrectal? Cir Esp 2008; 83: 106-15. [ Links ]
María Isabel Rivadulla-Serrano.
Servicio de Cirugía General y Digestiva.
Hospital General de Castellón.
Avda. Benicassim, s/n. 12004 Castellon, Spain.
e-mail: isabel_rivadulla@hotmail.com
Received: 04-11-09.
Accepted: 11-01-10.
C/ Sancho Dávila, 6, 2ºC, Madrid, Madrid, ES, 28028, 91 402 13 53
sepd@sepd.es


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text:
La gare de Saint-Savinien-sur-Charente est une gare ferroviaire française de la ligne de Nantes-Orléans à Saintes, située sur le territoire de la commune de Saint-Savinien dans le département de la Charente-Maritime, en région Nouvelle-Aquitaine.

C'est une halte ferroviaire de la Société nationale des chemins de fer français (SNCF), elle est desservie par des TER Nouvelle-Aquitaine.

Situation ferroviaire
Établie à  d'altitude, la gare de Saint-Savinien-sur-Charente est située au point kilométrique (PK) 235,647 de la ligne de Nantes-Orléans à Saintes entre la gare de Bords et celle fermée de Taillebourg.

Histoire
À la suite de la création de deux voies ferrées reliant les deux principales villes de la Charente-Inférieure qui étaient Rochefort et La Rochelle à la capitale en 1857, le département poursuivit l'ambitieux programme de se doter d'un réseau ferroviaire conséquent pendant le Second Empire.

Ainsi, une décennie plus tard, la construction d'une voie ferrée le long de la Charente fut entreprise pour relier Rochefort à Angoulême via Saintes et  Cognac. Grâce à l'apport des capitaux de la Compagnie des chemins de fer des Charentes, la nouvelle ligne ferroviaire fut mise en chantier par une réalisation progressive en trois tronçons. La première section ferroviaire reliait les villes de Rochefort et de Saintes en passant notamment par Saint-Savinien et fut mise en service le .

La gare ferroviaire de Saint-Savinien figure parmi les toutes premières villes du département à avoir été desservie par le train. Elle contribua grandement à désenclaver la petite cité fluviale qui était alors l'un des centres urbains les moins bien desservis par les routes.

Implantée sur la rive droite de la Charente, la gare de Saint-Savinien est établie sur les hauteurs de la cité qui surplombent la large vallée fluviale. D'un type identique à nombre de gares ferroviaires construites sans grand caractère architectural par la Compagnie des chemins de fer des Charentes] dans la seconde moitié du . Elle est composée de deux halles en rez-de-chaussée pour les services administratifs et techniques accolées à un pavillon central à un étage dans lequel se trouve le logement de fonction tandis que l'étage inférieur sert de halle pour les voyageurs. Une grande cour, à l'extérieur de la gare, est utilisé par les voituriers et autres fiacres assurant les correspondances pour les voyageurs.

Dès lors, Saint-Savinien est reliée aux première et troisième villes de la Charente-Inférieure qui étaient respectivement Rochefort et Saintes. La station ferroviaire fut dotée d'entrepôts pour les marchandises et une importante entreprise de négoce des vins et eaux-de-vie de cognac fut implantée à ses abords immédiats et expédia par voie ferrée ses futs de vin dans la France entière. C'est également par la gare de Saint-Savinien que fut expédiée une liqueur de grande renommée, connue sous le nom de la "Grande Charentaise".

La cité savinoise, célèbre pour ses pierres de taille exportées dans le monde entier, n'a pas su tirer avantage de la voie ferrée pour l'expédition de la pierre de taille. Les carrières d'extraction étaient déjà en déclin à la fin du Second Empire et la crise viticole de 1875, causée par le phylloxéra, entraîna une baisse brutale du marché immobilier et précipita inexorablement le déclin de cette industrie à Saint-Savinien et ses alentours.

Cependant, ce n'est réellement qu'à partir de 1890 que la voie ferrée reliant Rochefort à Angoulême commença à durement concurrencer le fleuve et à ruiner définitivement le trafic fluvial après la Première Guerre mondiale.

Au lendemain de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, le trafic ferroviaire des voyageurs a commencé à décliner rapidement et faillit entraîner à terme la fermeture de la gare de Saint-Savinien. Mais la mise en place  par la région Poitou-Charentes d'un réseau régional de trains TER Poitou-Charentes à partir de 2002 a sauvé de justesse la station ferroviaire.  Son maintien en service réside dans le fait qu'elle est au cœur d'un bassin de vie de près de 25 000 habitants formé par les cantons de Saint-Savinien et de Saint-Porchaire, voire de ceux du canton de Tonnay-Boutonne.

Saint-Savinien-sur-Charente est aujourd'hui une halte ferroviaire SNCF sur l'importante ligne régionale qui relie Nantes à Bordeaux via La Rochelle, Rochefort et de Saintes.

Service voyageurs

Accueil

Halte SNCF c'est un point d'arrêt non géré (PANG).

En 2019, selon les estimations de la SNCF, la fréquentation annuelle de la gare était de .

Desserte
Saint-Savinien-sur-Charente est desservie par des trains TER Nouvelle-Aquitaine circulant entre Saintes et La Rochelle-Porte-Dauphine. Deux allers-retours sont prolongés de Saintes à Angoulême.  desservent la gare en semaine et  les samedis et dimanches.

Intermodalité
Un parking pour les véhicules y est aménagé.

Patrimoine ferroviaire
Le bâtiment voyageurs d'origine est toujours présent.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Bibliographie

 G. Blier, Histoire des transports en Charente-Maritime, Éditions Le Croît vif, Collection Documentaires, 2003.
 Y. Le Dret, Le train en Poitou-Charentes, Tome 1, Les Chemins de la Mémoire Éditeur.

Articles connexes

 Liste de gares en France
 Liste des gares de la Charente-Maritime
 Ligne de Nantes-Orléans à Saintes
 Schéma de la ligne de Nantes-Orléans à Saintes

Liens externes

Gare
Gare en Charente-Maritime
Ligne de Nantes-Orléans à Saintes
Gare mise en service en 1867

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Edna Lewis and Judith Jones at the American table
Editor's note: The Southern Foodways Alliance delves deep in the history, tradition, heroes and plain old deliciousness of Southern food. Here's a tidbit from the latest issue of Gravy quarterly. The author of this piece, Sara B. Franklin, is a doctoral student, food writer and educator. She is currently working on an oral history project with editor Judith Jones, exploring food and memory.
Today, "local" is such a culinary buzzword that it's almost passé. Good chefs interpret the places from which they hail, and nowhere has this revival of place been stronger than in the American South. In a cultural moment like this, we forget it wasn't long ago that much of America was ignorant, if not downright ashamed, of its regional cuisines. Judith Jones, a longtime editor at Knopf in New York City, who retired last year at age eighty-eight, helped introduce American palates to international cuisines and elevate domestic regional foodways. Her interest in regional cookery was piqued by Edna Lewis, the Virginia-born chef and writer.
Jones was still a wet-behind-the-ears junior editor at Knopf when she shepherded Julia Child's Mastering the Art of French Cooking through publication in 1961. At the time, postwar prosperity brought boxed cake mixes and frozen vegetables to supermarkets, promising quick and easy paths to domestic bliss. Child and Jones weren't fooled. Really good food, they knew, demanded an attentive and skillful cook, one who wasn't afraid of having a bit of fun.
Over the next decade, Jones edited writers who helped usher international techniques and ingredients into American home kitchens. Marcella Hazan gave us brilliant minestrone. Irene Kuo taught us to listen for the sound of a properly heated wok. Claudia Roden introduced us to Middle Eastern mezze. And Madhur Jaffrey taught us to prepare an honest curry.
Judith Jones was an accomplished and prolific editor of fiction. Among others, she edited John Updike and Anne Tyler, two accomplished explorers of the nooks and crannies of American cultural landscapes. Her interest in workaday lives, and in the factors shaping American culture in the second half of the twentieth century, eventually drove Jones toward American food.
On a trip to Georgia in the early 1970s with her journalist husband, Evan Jones, who was researching his 1975 book, American Food: The Gastronomic Story, Jones noted a lack of "good Southern cooking" in Atlanta. To get their fix, they sought out rural boarding houses where they ate fluffy biscuits and perfectly fried chicken. American regional cooking, she recognized, was fast disappearing. Jones thought she could do for American food what she had done for French. She believed she could get recipes and stories on the page and encourage home cooks to keep the pots of tradition simmering. She began that quest by collaborating with Edna Lewis.
Jones narrates her life as a string of lucky breaks. Her story about meeting Lewis is no different. A native of Freetown, Virginia, Lewis had earned a cult following while cooking a mix of Southern and French cuisine at Café Nicholson on New York's East Side. Lewis wanted to write a cookbook, and an agent had set her up with a collaborator. After a few months of false starts, the chef and her writer were sent to meet with Jones, who was known by then for her skill at coaxing prose out of novice authors. Jones remembers, "It was when she started to talk. All I did was ask some questions! You knew how much she knew when she started telling the story about her mother, who used eggshells to put seeds in so they could go into the ground on the first warm day."
Soon stories of Lewis's upbringing burbled up. Jones dismissed the collaborator, and she and Lewis began to meet regularly in the Knopf offices. While Lewis talked, Jones scribbled notes. At the end of their first session, Jones knew they had struck gold. "Write it just as you remember saying it," she told Lewis. And so it went. For months, the two tugged together at the threads of memory and massaged them into what we now know as Lewis's signature voice—certain, evocative, and no-nonsense.
Knopf published The Taste of Country Cooking in 1976. It was filled with recipes and stories specific to Lewis's home, from biscuits and busy day cake to menus for hog-killing and Emancipation day. All focused on the ingredients and traditions of place. And not just any place, but the American South, the region so long dismissed by the food cognoscenti. Lewis gave voice to African American communities while highlighting the beauty that illuminated the long shadow of slavery.
As it happened so many times in Jones's career, relationships that began in the office turned personal. Jones chose her authors carefully, and most became dinner-party guests, visitors to her country home in Vermont, and mentors, both in and outside of the kitchen.
In the early 1980s, Jones was wrapping up a book on hunting and fishing with Angus Cameron, a fellow Knopf editor. "Edna knew that I was working with Angus, so she had some ideas," Jones recalled. "She said, 'I wish I could get you squirrel. Because we used to get them right in Central Park.'" Her brother George Lewis still hunted them in the Virginia woods. Laughing, Jones recalls, "So she got her brother to send these little dead squirrels by Fed-Ex. I mean, they'd been shot the day before. So I skinned and prepared them, and I made squirrel stew. And it was just delicious!"
Their friendship was intimate, and Jones's memory of Lewis is reverential. "I was so genuinely taken with her that it must have reached her," she recalled. "Edna taught me a lot about what I care about, human nature." Jones remembers Lewis as among the gentlest and humblest people she ever knew—sure, but never showy.
After publishing Lewis's first book with Knopf, Jones signed more authors to tell the culinary story of America. She published books about New England cooks and the Northern Heartlands. But the South had caught Jones's eye. For her visionary but underappreciated Knopf Cooks American series, Jones commissioned Barbecued Ribs and Other Great Feeds (1987) and The Florida Cookbook: From Gulf Coast Gumbo to Key Lime Pie (1993) from writer and editor Jeanne Voltz, a native of Florida. Preserving Today (1992) was written by Jeanne Lesem, who grew up in Depression-era Arkansas eating her mother's pickles and preserves. Perhaps most famously, she published Biscuits, Spoonbread & Sweet Potato Pie (1990) by Southern food evangelist Bill Neal, the chef-owner of Crook's Corner in Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
Jones's late career didn't ignore the world outside American borders. But more each year, she explored international cuisines to better understand what was happening here at home. As Americans learned more about the world through travel, and as more immigrants came ashore, we recognized the distinctiveness of our own culinary cultures.
Jones's work with Edna Lewis and other Southerners helped lay the foundation for today's resurgence of regional food. Think Sean Brock and Vivian Howard, both of whom are now at work on their own place-based books. Over a fifty-year career, Jones helped us narrate and make sense of our young nation's complex history. Her ideal was not a melting pot, but a patchwork quilt, the better to honor what each region and individual has brought to the great American table.
Read more at the Southern Foodways Alliance's blog
A toast to Leah Chase
Lifting the lid on a family tradition
The cook who picks cotton: reclaiming my roots
Sylvia Woods – beyond the label, a legacy of dignity and inspiration
Posted by: Southern Foodways Alliance
Filed under: Black History Month • Celebrity Chefs • Edna Lewis • Holidays • Southern • Southern Foodways Alliance
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I think I am going to check into Edna Lewis' cookbooks. Thanks.


We are passionate about our mission and are actively seeking a Staff Accountant who will engage cross-departmentally to support the strategic direction of the organization. Under the direction of the Director of Finance & Controller, the incumbent will be responsible for verifying daily cash activity received through netForum, the Society's Association Management System (AMS); working closely with the content licensing team to bill and track all sales; and reconciling monthly corporate travel and credit cards. The incumbent will have a strong working knowledge of billing and cash receipts procedures and general accounting principles.
A minimum of 2-3 years of related professional experience in accounting, with a bachelors from an accredited four-year college or university with a degree in accounting, business, or finance. CPA or CPA candidate preferred but not required.
Experience in A/P, A/R, cash receipts and routine account reconciliations in a complex cost center environment strongly preferred.
Experience with association management systems, preferably Abila netForum, preferred but not required.
Good research, analysis, and problem-solving skills.
Effective accounting and organizational skills.
Knowledge of principles and practices of GAAP.
Above-average Microsoft Excel skills and solid proficiency in Microsoft Office, specifically in Adobe, Word, and Outlook. Strong proficiency with Great Plains or similar accounting systems, particularly accounts receivable and general ledger modules.
Working with Member Services to review, close and post all netForum cash batches.
Reviewing and verifying adjustment and refund batches.
Downloading daily online corporate credit card activity, reconciling to daily netForum sales, and researching discrepancies.
Working with the Accounting Manager to maintain a detailed log of all netForum activity.
Reviewing weekly revenue reports and coordinating with Member Services regarding status of open batches.
Preparing and posting netForum batches to Microsoft Office Dynamics Great Plains using Integration Manager.
Performing monthly close of netForum and preparing reconciliation reports for review.
Preparing reconciliations of related general ledger accounts and researching all discrepancies.
Serving as finance liaison at bi-weekly netForum AMS Core Team staff meetings and netForum Accounting User Group (AUG) meetings.
Preparing custom billings based on orders and contract details transmitted from the content licensing team.
Following up with outstanding A/R; working with the content licensing team to identify a course of action for overdue accounts.
Maintaining accurate reports of annual sales & collections and reconciling the sales report with the content licensing team.
Providing monthly, quarterly, and annual sales data by product and customer.
Reviewing all corporate credit card reconciliations in PN3 for receipts, correct coding, and proper descriptions.
Reconciling corporate credit card balances to the general ledger and maintaining a schedule of outstanding statement reconciliations.
Downloading and reconciling corporate travel reports with the Society master travel spreadsheet; preparing and posting journal entry to record.
Supporting month and year end close and preparing multiple balance sheet, revenue and expense reconciliations.
Ensure that one's own and other's work and information are complete and accurate. Set up procedures to organize and keep track of information/work progress to ensure high quality of work. Monitor the quality of work and act to verify information. Review and check the accuracy of information in work reports.
Ensure that projects within areas of responsibility are completed in a timely manner. Monitor programs and/or activities and take corrective action when necessary.
Demonstrate a proficient level of professional skill and/or knowledge in accounting and keep current with developments and trends. Demonstrate knowledge and ability to use applicable information technology and systems to meet work needs.
Organize in sequential and/or logical order in preparation for accomplishing an objective. Demonstrate knowledge of a variety of computer software applications in word processing, spreadsheets, database and presentation software (Microsoft Office Products, AMS).
Endocrine Society offers a convenient downtown DC location within walking distance of Farragut North/Farragut West and Foggy Bottom Metro stations. Qualified candidates interested in a purposeful work environment, competitive salaries and excellent benefits, including a generous TIAA- CREF retirement plan with 10% employer contribution, should submit resume and cover letter with salary requirements.


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Marvel's Moon Knight: Kevin Feige Teases Heavy Action of Disney+ Series
By Richard Nebens December 20, 2020
Marvel Studios' new era of Disney+ series is about to start in crazy fashion on January 15 with WandaVision , the first of six new shows premiering in 2021. Half of those shows have finished filming and most of post-production, while the other half are deep into shooting right now before their releases closer to the end of the year.
2022 will continue this slew of new shows with Don Cheadle's Armor Wars , Samuel L. Jackson's Secret Invasion , Dominique Thorne's Ironheart and others. One of the series announced nearly a year and a half ago is Moon Knight , which will bring the multiple personalities of Marc Spector to life for the first time in live-action form.
Marvel CCO Kevin Feige didn't confirm any names attached to this series at Disney Investor's Day outside of Mohammed Diab as the director, although reports have indicated that Oscar Isaac is in the late stages of talks to play the starring role. Some new information has been revealed, however, on what fans should expect to see from the plot and action.
In a new release from the Emmy Magazine , Marvel CCO Kevin Feige gave a couple teases pertaining to the character development and action set to take place in Moon Knight , noting that the series will follow the "action hero" on the streets as he "jumps out of buildings and gets into fights."
Feige also touched on the fact that the series will explore Spector as a Marine having Dissociative Identity Disorder, adding that "the mental illness is a unique aspect of the program." Moon Knight is also confirmed to explore ancient Egyptian iconography.
This news comes as exactly what the Marvel fandom was hoping for when Kevin Feige announced that Moon Knight would be joining the MCU in his own solo series. The action that this hero experiences through his comic run is unique from what we've seen from Marvel Studios thus far, as the character excels in hand-to-hand combat during dark hours. The series has the potential to bring some of the best action sequences for a solo Marvel hero in a long time, playing on a different level than the many grand scale battles seen near the end of the Infinity Saga.
The mental illness aspect of this show is also something that will set it apart from other MCU projects, even considering how deep into the human psyche the series will go with other projects like WandaVision and Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness . The early hope is that this series will explore as many of Marc Spector's unique personalities as possible, and should Oscar Isaac be taking on this tough role , his acting limits will undoubtedly be put to the test taking on so many unique characters in one.
Spector's background as a marine should play heavily into this aspect of the show as well, adding yet another layer of trauma to an already troubled hero.
Moon Knight will begin shooting in March 2021, and it is set to premiere on Disney+ sometime in 2022 .
Moon Knight (Series) Moon Knight (Character) Disney+ MCU


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Q: binding events on jquery created DOM elements I like to create jquery elements in variables and place them where needed.
var $someElement = $("something").css("cursor", "pointer");
$("body").append($someElement)

for now everything is working. But if i try to bind a event to this element, the event does not get triggered:
var $someElement = $("something").css("cursor", "pointer").click(function(){ alert("yeah") });
$("body").append($someElement)

but if i append the element and the find the span by its class it works.
Why is this and how should i handle events on elements that are created but not yet apended?

A: Your code should work just fine:
Example: http://jsfiddle.net/HHNaF/ (your code, copied and pasted)
One alternative you have available to you is to use .live() to assign the handler:
$('span.someclass').live('click',function() {
   // do whatever
});

But still, your code should work. I'm guessing there's something else going on that is preventing the handler from triggering.

EDIT: Just noticed that your tags are mismatched. You start with  and end with
. Be sure to correct that. :o)

A: Establish a delegated event handler for your elements with the .delegate() function.
$('#yourContainer').delegate('.someclass', 'click', function() { ... });

Then any of those "someclass" elements you drop inside "yourContainer" (which could be the  of course) will have its "click" events handled by that function.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Media contact: Francis Hodge – P.R.
The two winners from 16 contestants who came from all over the UK were Connor Smith in the vocalist section, and Rosie Sutton in the instrumentalist section. They were awarded their trophies by RIBI President John Minhinnick, at the Longfield Academy, near Dartford, on Saturday. Also in the presence of District Governor Stewart Grainger and the Mayoress of Dartford.
The audience was treated to a feast of music both piano, saxophone, violin, and singers in several different styles. Connor was classical, singing a song from Vaughn Williams, and an aria from 'The Magic Flute'. Rosie, who is a pianist, played a piece from Debussy – followed by a spirited rendering of a Toccata by Khachaturian.
Both of them are worthy winners from an initial total of 6,500 contestants who began this competition at local level. Young Musician is an annual event organised by Rotary in Britain and Ireland (RIBI).
Or e-mail zena.belton@btinternet.com who is Membership Chair for the District.


if the callee routine is in assembly language, set the INTERWORK attribute and return using BX lr.
Any assembly language code used in this manner must conform to the APCS where appropriate.
ADD   r0,r0,#4							; Add 4 to first parameter.
Type tcc -c thumb.c to compile the thumb code.
Type armlink arm.o thumb.o -o add to link the two object files.


Whenever searching for ideas, we tend to get lost in the details. Answers hide like the truth, in plain sight. Consult your own windows and you'll see.
A window is only a way or means for seeing, after all.
This is the view from one of our favorite windows in the living room. It admires explosions of morning light captured over the Connecticut River.
Windows are expert reality carvers, and we wanted to learn all we could from this one. We tried to capture its point of view in our Almanac #4.
The red flag is up. More messages await your seeing.
Creativity is hard work. It's all worth it when the well of ideas flows. But it's no walk in the park when the ideas won't come. Well, there might be more wisdom in that phrase than we know. Whenever we feel the lulls (that are really essential to creative work!), we look to the trees in our backyard for inspiration.
We search for inspiration in the birch trees. They linger by our cottage, a cape nestled in a clutch of woods at the base of Gillette and Jericho Hills in Windsor County, Vermont. Pine, maples, and birch are everywhere. They may be common, but you will remember meeting one in a thicket, if you happen to notice it on your walk.
Contrast is not just a principle in art making. Contrast is essential to human vision. We really can't see what doesn't stand out well to our eyes. The birch tree is a highlight that calls attention to its own bark and makes us suddenly aware of the intricate splendor of the typically more muted natural surfaces all around us.
In our Almanac mixed media paintings, we use birch bark to signify all the things it reminds us of--history, writing, parchment, paper. Although it is best never to remove birch bark from a living tree, when peeled from fallen branches or dead trees, the bark can be used as paper. For us, it is more importantly used as a source of inspiration.
A big, beautiful curl of birch bark hangs proudly atop our February Almanac, shown above while still in progress. We salvaged this piece during one of our walks on Gillette Hill.
A close-up on the tiny forest of birch shavings inside our natural embellishment. We later decided to convert this one into a tiny mailbox. It even has an actual letter inside (written on birch bark, of course). The natural asymmetries of a birch curl often challenges us to think in unexpected and whimsical directions.
The birch tree is known for its beauty and resilience. Resistant to water and disease, the bark has been used for centuries to make everything from canoes to writing paper. Here, it graces our canvas in homage to nature's flawless engineering.


Welcome to our Showroom: 9,000 square feet of awesome.
Find your inspiration in our state of the art showroom. Our 9,000 square foot shop at 6967 Philips Highway in Jacksonville, FL is home to our offices, workshop and over 4,000 square feet of indoor and outdoor showroom space.
We've built examples of our quality outdoor kitchens loaded with every feature and appliance to help you envision your own Dream Backyard. We have an entire room devoted to the best in premium, USA-made barbecue grills and our grill guy, Dan, has decades of experience helping people find the perfect one for them.
Outside, we built a massive 2-tier pergola with a fully functional outdoor kitchen that includes a stone pizza oven to demonstrate the quality of our work and the endless possibilities available.
We love nothing more than getting to know our customers so we always keep beer and coffee on hand for visitors. Feel free to stop by anytime during business hours or fill out the form below to set up a personalized tour of the showroom.
If you're ready to have us build you a backyard, then fill out this form instead of the one below to get a consult set up with our team!


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Sensata is one of the largest automotive MEMS suppliers by market share
ALMELO, Netherlands, June 20, 2012 /PRNewswire/ -- Sensata Technologies Holding N.V. (NYSE: ST), a leading global supplier of sensors and controls, was ranked as a 2011 Top 10 world supplier of automotive microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) according to a recently issued IHS iSuppli Automotive MEMS Market Tracker report.
Sensata ranked fifth on the list with MEMS-related revenues of $190 million.
According to IHS, overall 2011 revenue for automotive MEMS sensors amounted to $2.24 billion, up 14 percent from $1.96 billion in 2010. Sensata's yearly growth rate was 24 percent, the second highest of the Top 10 group. As a group, the Top 10 account for 91 percent of this growing market.
"The market for automotive MEMS sensors and actuators is growing at a rate of 7.7 percent from 2011 to 2016, driven largely by the mandates on safety like electronic stability control and tire pressure monitoring in major automotive markets worldwide," said Richard Dixon, principal analyst, MEMS & sensors at IHS. "As a result, Sensata and other companies serving these markets have been largely growing at above average rates."
Sensata concentrates MEMS production on pressure and force sensors, and is No. 1 in high-pressure applications like brake, common fuel rail and cylinder pressure sensing, using its silicon piezoresistive sensors. Sensata is also a leader in applying low pressure, bulk micromachined piezoresistive MEMS into challenging exhaust gas applications used for emissions control.
According to Sensata Business Development Director Karl Abrahamson, factors driving growth in this area include governmental safety, fuel efficiency and emission regulations in both emerging and mature markets.
News Media:


text:
The year of the slap Top movies, ranked 🎥 Top TV shows, ranked 📺 Top albums, ranked 🎶
Kristen Stewart says Princess Diana movie isn't a biopic: It's about 'how she makes us feel'
Patrick Ryan
You're unlikely to see a more daring performance this year than Kristen Stewart as Princess Diana.
The "Happiest Season" actress delivers career-best work in Pablo Larraín's "Spencer" (in theaters Nov. 5), a haunting drama that closely follows the late royal over the course of a stifling Christmas holiday in 1991. Billed as "a fable based on a true tragedy," the film depicts Diana as a caged bird trapped inside a "Shining"-esque manor: with stone-faced staffers monitoring what she eats, weighs and wears, and sewing up her bedroom curtains after a near brush with nosy photographers.
"There was no way to play this part perfectly," Stewart said Wednesday afternoon in a virtual conversation with Diana Sanchez, senior director of film at the Toronto International Film Festival, where "Spencer" is screening after stops at the Venice and Telluride festivals. "Therefore, it was actually easier to not be so intimidated and so daunted."
Oscars 2022:Kristen Stewart vaults to the front of the best-actress race as Princess Diana
The movie occasionally descends into full-on body horror, with a deeply unnerving dinner scene that will have you clutching your pearls. But "Spencer" wisely avoids hammy monologues and shouting matches between Diana and Prince Charles (Jack Farthing), keeping the camera almost squarely focused on Stewart, who imbues her Lady Di with warmth and quiet resolve.
"I've always gotten the impression that she's a livewire," Stewart said. "She has this incredibly disarming, casual, contagious, beautiful, empathetic energy that reaches out. But at the same time, you always feel like there's something wrong, like she's protecting something."
Ranked:All the best movies we saw at Toronto Film Festival (including Alanis Morissette doc 'Jagged')
Stewart, who has already garnered Oscar talk from awards prognosticators, speaks in hushed tones throughout the film, striking an English accent that will surely be debated among linguists. Even more impressive are her mannerisms: perfectly capturing Diana's willowy gait, darting eyes and shy slouch. She often appears to hug herself – a choice that Stewart made to reflect how alone and isolated Diana might have felt inside the rigid royal family.
"I really wanted to sometimes, like, hold myself together when nobody else would, physically," Stewart explained. "She's got this languid, beautiful floaty thing, but then she's also quite angular and she juts. I just think everything about her is always like holding, holding, holding. So in the moments we could really release her, it felt incredible."
Ranked:All the best movies we saw at Toronto Film Festival
"Spencer" is heavily fictionalized, with dazzling dream sequences featuring another tortured royal, Anne Boleyn, and imagined exchanges between Diana and her young sons, William (Jack Nielen) and Harry (Freddie Spry). Larraín is far more concerned with capturing the tender and playful spirit of Diana rather than history itself, which is part of what makes the film and Stewart's lived-in performance so spellbinding.
"We can imagine and dream and write poetry about how she makes us feel," Stewart said. "I think she provides this incredibly lush and complicated terrain to make art in. She is somebody who is so inspiring and changed the world."
Given that Diana died in a 1997 car crash at just 36 years old, "I've been asked a lot about whether it's cool to try and tell someone's story when they're not around – somebody who was already so invaded (by the media)," Stewart, 31, said. "We really don't profess to know anything or present any new information. ... My hope is that because we made it so personal, we're not traipsing on (her legacy)."


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India. Bevco decides to relocate outlet following protests
Following protests from local residents and prohibitionists, Kerala State Beverages Corporation Limited (Bevco) has decided to relocate the controversial liquor outlet on O.P. Raman Road at Moolampally near the District Collectorate to a building on Pavamani Road in the city. (more…)
India. Sales take a hit at TASMAC outlets
The Tamil Nadu State Marketing Corporation (TASMAC) has witnessed a 10-15 per cent drop in sales across Tamil Nadu after scrapping of the Rs. 500 and Rs. 1,000 notes. (more…)
Baltika improved results in Q3
Company's volume market share increased by 1.4%* in comparison with the similar period of 2015. Baltika's shipments in Q3 went up by 16%. The quarter results positively influenced on company's 9 months 2016 performance. (more…)
NürnbergMesse founds the Beviale product family
A big international family: Russia, China and – new – Italy the focal point
Trade fairs cover the entire beverage technology and craft beer process chain
Vietnam. Habeco seeks to trade on HoSE in Q4
The Hanoi Beer Alcohol and Beverage Corporation (Habeco, Code: BHN) will soon seek shareholders' written opinions on it listing on the Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange (HoSE) in the fourth quarter. (more…)
Japan. Asahi eyes overseas growth via European acquisitions
Japanese brewer Asahi Group Holdings may have been slower than its peers to expand abroad, but the company is poised to catch up with a string of acquisitions in western Europe. (more…)
Japan. Sapporo Holdings chases standalone Pilsner Urquell deal with Anheuser-Busch InBev
Sapporo Holdings is keen to acquire Czech brewer Pilsner Urquell, its president has told just-drinks, but only if the unit is separated from Anheuser-Busch InBev's other former SABMiller assets. (more…)
India. Bid to lock Tasmac outlet foiled
Demanding that the Tasmac outlet in New Road be closed, the Pattali Makkal Katchi (PMK) attempted to picket the shop here on Monday. (more…)
India. UBL's September quarter profit down 48.09% to Rs27.05 crore
UBL's total income from operations on standalone basis was up 3.16% to Rs2,201.24 crore for the quarter ended on 30 September 2016. (more…)
India. Kerala is turning into a beer-guzzling state
Kerala is slowly turning into a beer-guzzling state with a 55% increase in sales over a three year period from 2014 to 2016. (more…)


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Q: How to use socket based client with WCF (net.tcp) service? I have developed a WCF service that uses the net.tcp adapter and listens to a specific port. I want to connect to that service using a normal .net client that uses sockets to send data to the port and listens to responses.
When I try to send data to this service, I get the error: "The existing connection was forcibly closed by remote host".
However, i am able to connect with the service by another client which uses the Address/Binding/Contracts of the WCF service.
Is there a way that enables me to communicate with a WCF service by using an ordinary socket based client?

A: The Net.TCP binding uses a custom wire-level framing format that is not really documented, though Nicholas Allen started a series of blog posts on the topic recently. The series start here: http://blogs.msdn.com/drnick/archive/2009/01/19/message-framing-part-1.aspx
To be honest, Net.TCP is really, currently, more useful for WCF to WCF communication. if you want to interop with a custom TCP format that you need to handle, you're much better off either using raw sockets or creating your own custom WCF transport channel (which might not be trivial, btw)

A: The key decision is whether or not to make the WCF service conform to the socket client or whether to make the socket client conform to the WCF service.
It will be simplest to attempt to conform to the WCF service, rather than trying to implement something custom within WCF, which is never easy.  At the bottom of the Other Resources section below you will see a link that describes the message inspection that is necessary in order to attempt to conform to a WCF service.
Having said that, .NET sockets do not natively communicate with WCF.
Any attempt to do so will require custom programming on the WCF side of things.
Whether you are using TcpClient or raw sockets in .NET to connect to and communicate with WCF does not matter.  Any such interoperability must be handled with custom logic within WCF.  Note that Net.Tcp is a custom transport protocol.  It is not technically using TCP in the same way that the TcpClient is.
For example, UDP is very commonly used by socket servers in the Linux world.  WCF does not provide a built-in UDP transport.  However, there is a UDP sample for WCF that implements UDP for WCF.  Unfortunately, that sample does not illustrate communicating to and from a non-WCF UPD socket server.
I have an outstanding question that is rather detailed where I explain my effort to get sample code to generically be testable for using UDP...
Is it possible to make the WcfTestClient work for custom transport channels?
Nobody has answered my question yet.  So, if you succeed in making this work, I am very interested.  My case was driven by a desire for the WCF Service to be able to call out to a UDP socket server running on Linux without having to clutter my service with non-WCF coding.  I don't want to mix approaches.
Other Resources...

*

*Choosing a Transport
This article states that "The WCF TCP transport is optimized for the
scenario where both ends of the
communication are using WCF".
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms733769.aspx

*Trying to connect a non-WCF client to a WCF service
that uses the BasicHttpBinding. The
developer ends up writing custom code
via the WebClient (as opposed to
TcpClient).
http://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/wcf/thread/c2d72c2d-c095-4ae1-b8ae-d15f32a4e0be/

*WCF vs. Raw .NET Sockets
The answer points out that TCP + binary serialization or UDP + binary
serialization might be needed.  There
is a UDP binding sample, as I
mentioned above.
http://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/wcf/thread/c0520111-c1ca-4ffd-a4e0-ac68e86130ee/

*Writing Custom Requests to Simple WCF
Services
The author explains how to figure out the format of the message that
needs to be sent to the service, so
that the TcpClient or other non-WCF
sockets client can send the write
information to the WCF service. The
implication here is that you are not
attempting to conform the WCF
service, but rather you are forcing
the socket client to do the heavy
lifting.  Even so, you not get the
built-in advantages of the WCF
bindings if you are expecting
that.
http://blogs.msdn.com/carlosfigueira/archive/2008/01/13/writing-custom-requests-to-simple-wcf-services.aspx

A: Hy,
did you enable the WCF Tracing? Because if you do and you get the following message: "The service does not allow you to log on anonymously." then it is (usually) a security setting problem.
In this case disable the security mode for your binding:
<netTcpBinding>
   <binding name="MyCustomBinding">
      <security mode="None" />
   </binding>
</netTcpBinding>

But better would be to work with certificates.


Fall decor has started to appear around campus.
Warm qualities of light in the fall reflected in a building.
Halloween decorations are stirring up a spooky vibe.
A small scarecrow reminds us fall has arrived.
A lone pumpkin. Photo by Mark Nemec.
Starbucks in Stephenville is now using orange pumpkin cups to celebrate fall.