text:
Types of Muscle
Structure of Skeletal Muscle Tissue
Muscle Contraction
Triggering Muscle Contraction
The Myosin Power Stroke
Sources of Energy for Muscle Contraction
Bone and Cartilage
Bone Growth
Skeleton-Muscle Connection
Sliding filament model of muscle contraction.
Consisting of muscles, ligaments, tendons, bones and cartilage, the musculoskeletal system supports the body, provides for motion, and protects vital organs. Muscle cells are specialized to use chemical energy to produce mechanical force. Three types of muscle can be identified: skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle. The other primary tissue type within the musculoskeletal system is bone, a specialized connective tissue consisting of a collagenous matrix impregnated with calcium phosphate and other minerals. Bones serve as the main storage system for calcium and phosphorus. Bones also contain critical components of the hematopoietic system.
The Musculoskeletal System Images
Question Drill for The Musculoskeletal System
Be able to describe the top-down structure of skeletal muscle tissue from muscle fiber, to myofibril, to sarcomere.
Be prepared to describe what occurs as the thin and thick filaments of a sarcomere slide over one another in muscle contraction in terms of changes in A band, I band, H zone, M line, and Z disc.
Comprehend the cellular physiology of skeletal muscle contraction beginning with release of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, the effect on the regulatory proteins troponin and tropomysin, and the power stroke involving actin and myosin.
Be familiar with how a nerve impulse at the neuromuscular junction triggers muscle contraction through coupling by calcium ion release from T tubules within the muscle fiber.
Be ready to describe the alternative pools of high energy phosphate in skeletal muscle which maintain a ready supply of ATP for contraction. Understand the concept of oxygen debt.
Know the differences between types of skeletal muscle fibers in terms of myoglobin content, capillary density, mitochondrial density, twitch speed, and resistance to fatigue.
Be able to compare and contrast the structure of smooth and cardiac muscle cells with skeletal muscle fibers.
Understand where you will find smooth muscle in the body and be able to describe the mechanisms by which contraction is triggered.
Be able to describe osseous tissue in terms of its cellular components and the molecular composition of the surrounding matrix as well as the other tissues that make up bone including marrow, endosteum, periosteum, and cartilage.
Be familiar with the mechanisms of osteoclasts and osteoblasts in bone remodeling.
Understand the mechanisms of the various hormones that affect bone.
Review the terminology for the musculoskeletal system using the question server. Complete the fundamental terms crossword puzzle. Here is the solution to the puzzle.
Complete the advanced crossword puzzle for the musculoskeletal system. Here is the solution to the puzzle.
Read pp. 173-181, pp. 183-185, and pp. 187-194 in ExamKrackers Biology II . Perform practice items 121-128 on pg. 182, practice items 129-136 on pg. 186, and practice items 137-144 on pg. 195.
Review the web resources for the musculoskeletal system.
Conceptual Vocabulary for The Musculoskeletal System
Muscle fiber
A muscle fiber is a single cell of a muscle.
Muscle is contractile tissue of the body and is derived from the mesodermal layer of embryonic germ cells.
Myosin
Myosins are a large family of motor proteins found in eukaryotic tissues which are responsible for actin-based motility.
Actin is the monomeric subunit of microfilaments, one of the three major components of the cytoskeleton, and of thin filaments which are part of the contractile apparatus in muscle cells.
Smooth muscle is a type of non-striated muscle, found within the bladder, abdominal cavity, the uterus, male and female reproductive tracts, the gastrointestinal tract and elsewhere.
Cardiac muscle is a type of involuntary striated muscle found within the heart.
Bones are rigid organs that form part of the endoskeleton of vertebrates, functioning to move, support, and protect the various organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells and store minerals.
Skeletal muscle is a type of striated muscle, usually attached to the skeleton.
Myofibril
Myofibrils are cylindrical organelles, found within muscle cells, which are bundles of actomyosin filaments that run from one end of the cell to the other, attached to the cell surface membrane at each end.
Sarcomere
A sarcomere is the basic unit of a muscle's cross-striated myofibril.
A muscle contraction occurs when a muscle fiber generates tension through the action of actin and myosin cross-bridge cycling.
Tropomyosin
As part of the regulation of muscle contraction, in resting muscle fibres, the protein tropomyosin is displaced from its normal binding groove by troponin.
Bone marrow is the soft tissue found in the hollow interior of bones.
Osseous tissue
Osseous tissue forms the rigid part of the bone organs that make up the skeletal system.
Osteoblast
An osteoblast is a mononucleate cell that is responsible for bone formation.
Osteoclast
An osteoclast is a type of bone cell that removes bone tissue by removing the bone's mineralized matrix.
Cartilage is a type of dense connective tissue composed of collagen fibers and/or elastin fibers which can supply smooth surfaces for the movement of articulating bones.
A tendon or sinew is a tough band of fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone and is built to withstand tension.
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
The sarcoplasmic reticulum is a special type of smooth endoplasmic reticulum found in smooth and striated muscle.
Sarcolemma
The sarcolemma is the cell membrane of a muscle cell.
T-tubule
A transverse or T-tubule is a deep invagination of the plasma membrane found in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells which allows depolarization of the membrane to quickly penetrate to the interior of the cell.
Intercalated disc
An intercalated disc is an undulating double membrane separating adjacent cells in cardiac muscle fibers.
Osteocyte
The a star-shaped osteocyte is the most abundant cell found in bone, derived from osteoblasts after they become trapped within the matrix they secrete.
Bone resorption
Bone resorption is the process by which osteoclasts break down bone and release the minerals, resulting in a transfer of calcium from bone fluid to the blood.
Hydroxylapatite
The inorganic mineral hydroxylapatite makes up seventy percent of bone.
Diaphysis
The diaphysis is the main or mid section shaft of a long bone.
Chondrocyte
Chondrocytes are the only cells found in cartilage.
Muscle spindle
The muscle spindle's functions are to send proprioceptive information about the muscle to the central nervous system and to respond to muscle stretching.
A motor unit is a single alpha-motor neuron and all of the corresponding muscle fibers it innervates.
Myogenic
A myogenic muscle doesn't need to receive impulses from a nerve to make it contract.
Phosphocreatine
Phosphocreatine is a phosphorylated creatine molecule that is an important energy store in skeletal muscle.
Creatine is nitrogenous organic acid which naturally occurs in vertebrates and helps to supply energy to muscle and nerve cells.
Also known as compact bone, cortical bone is dense and forms the surface of bones.
Haversian canals
Haversian canals are a series of tubes around narrow channels formed by lamellae in compact bone.
Cancellous bone
Also known as trabecular, or spongy bone, cancellous bone fills the inner cavity of long bones. It has low density and strength, but very high surface area.
Intramembranous ossification
Intramembranous ossification is the type of bone formation responsible for the development of flat bones, especially those found in the skull and clavicles.
Endochondral ossification
Endochondral ossification is the type of bone formation responsible for much of the bone growth in vertebrate skeletons, especially in long bones.
Epiphyseal plate
The epiphyseal plate, or growth plate, is the cartilage plate in the long bones of children and adolescents.
Chondroblast
A chondroblast is a cell originating from a mesenchymal stem cell which forms chondrocytes or cartilage cells.
Perimysium
a perimysium is a sheath of connective tissue which groups individual muscle fibers into bundles or fascicles.
Endomysium
The endomysium is a layer of connective tissue that ensheaths a muscle fiber and is composed mostly from reticular fibers.
Titin, also known as connectin, is a protein important in the contraction of striated muscle tissues, connecting the Z line to the M line in the sarcomere.
Nebulin
Localized to the I-band of sarcomeres in skeletal muscle, nebulin is a very large protein, binding as many as 200 actin monomers.
Satellite cells
Satellite cells are mononuclear progenitor cells found in mature muscle between the basal lamina and sarcolemma, which are able to differentiate and fuse to augment existing muscle fibres and to form new fibres.
Creatine kinase catalyses the conversion of creatine to phosphocreatine.
Epiphysis
Epiphysis is the name for a rounded end of a long bone.
Hyaline cartilage
Hyaline cartilage consists of a slimy mass of a firm consistency, but of considerable elasticity and pearly bluish color, containing no nerves or blood vessels.
Muscle fascicle
A fascicle is a bundle of skeletal muscle fibers surrounded by connective tissue.
Intrafusal muscle fiber
Intrafusal fibers are muscle fibers that comprise the muscle spindle.
Extrafusal muscle fiber
In contrast to intrafusal fibers, extrafusal muscle fibers are the class of muscle fiber innervated by alpha motor neurons which generate tension, perform mechanical work and allow for movement by contracting.
Excitation-contraction coupling
Excitation-contraction coupling is a term which describes the physiological process of converting an electrical stimulus to mechanical response.
Motor unit recruitment
Motor unit recruitment is the progressive activation of a muscle by successive recruitment of contractile units motor units to accomplish increasing gradations of contractile strength.
Calmodulin
Calmodulin (CaM) is a ubiquitous, calcium-binding protein that can bind to and regulate a multitude of different protein targets, thereby affecting many different cellular functions.
Ryanodine receptor
Ryanodine receptors form a class of calcium channels which are the major cellular mediators of calcium induced calcium release in animal cells.
Canaliculi
Canaliculi are microscopic canals between the various lacunae of ossified bone into which the radiating processes of the osteocytes project.
A lacuna is a small space containing an osteocyte in bone or chondrocyte in cartilage.
Osteoid
Osteoid is a protein mixture secreted by osteoblasts which mineralizes and becomes bone.
Cathepsin K
Cathepsin K is a protein with the ability to catabolize elastin, collagen, and gelatin which allows it to break down bone and cartilage.
Elastic cartilage
Elastic cartilage is a type of cartilage present in the outer ear, larynx, and epiglottis which contains fibers made of elastin.
Fibrocartilage
White fibrocartilage consists of a mixture of white fibrous tissue and cartilaginous tissue in various proportions.
Metaphysis
The metaphysis is the portion of a long bone between the epiphyses and the diaphysis.
A myoblast is a type of stem cell that exists in muscles which differentiate into satellite cells.
Nuclear bag fiber
1 to 3 nuclear bag fibers lie in the center of each intrafusal muscle fibre of a muscle spindle, which cause excitation of both the primary and secondary nerve fibres.
Nuclear chain fiber
A nuclear chain fiber is a specialized sensory organ contained within a muscle, which, along with nuclear bag fibers, make up the muscle spindle responsible for the detection of changes in muscle length.
Dystrophin is a rod-shaped cytoplasmic protein, and a vital part of a protein complex that connects the cytoskeleton of a muscle fiber to the surrounding extracellular matrix through the cell membrane.
Tetanic contraction
A tetanic contraction occurs when a motor unit has been maximally stimulated by its motor neuron.
Interstitial cell of Cajal
The Interstitial cell of Cajal is a type of cell found in the gastrointestinal tract that serves as a pacemaker that triggers gut contraction.
Endosteum
The endosteum is a thin layer of connective tissue which lines the surface of the bony tissue that forms the medullary cavity of long bones.
Medullary cavity
The medullary cavity is the central cavity of bone shafts where yellow marrow is stored.
Periosteum
The periosteum is a thin layer of dense, irregular connective tissue membrane that covers the outer surface of a bone in all places except at joints.
Enthesis
Enthesis is the point at which a tendon inserts into bone, where the collagen fibers are mineralized and integrated into bone tissue.
Type Ia sensory fiber
A type Ia sensory fiber also called primary afferent fiber is a component of a muscle fiber's muscle spindle which keeps track of the how fast a muscle stretch changes.
Type II sensory fiber
Type II sensory fibers are the second of the two main groups of stretch receptors. Their firing rate is directly related to the muscle's instantaneous length, or position.
Calsequestrin
Calsequestrin is a calcium-binding protein of the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
Costamere
The costameres are sub-sarcolemmal protein assemblies circumferentially aligned in register with the Z-disk of peripheral myofibrils.
Dystrobrevin
Dystrobrevin is a protein that binds to dystrophin in the costamere of skeletal muscle cells.
Dysbindin
Dysbindin, short for dystrobrevin-binding protein 1, is a protein constituent of the dystrophin-associated protein complex of skeletal muscle cells.
Sarcoglycan
The sarcoglcyans are a family of five transmembrane proteins involved in the protein complex responsible for connecting the muscle fibre cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix.
A triad is a histological structure formed by a T tubule with a sarcoplasmic reticulum cisterna on either side.
Myosin light-chain kinase
Myosin-light-chain kinase is a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase which phosphorylates myosin.
Fascia adherens
Fascia adherens is broad intercellular junction in the intercalated disk of cardiac muscle anchoring actin filaments.
Sharpey's fibres
Sharpey's fibers are a matrix of connective tissue consisting of bundles of strong collagenous fibres connecting periosteum to bone.
Perichondrium
The perichondrium is a layer of dense irregular connective tissue which surrounds the cartilage of developing bone.


DOW closed trading at 25063.89, up 0.26%, while S&P 500 Index traded higher, up 0.05%, ending the day at 2705.46. Meanwhile, NASDAQ went down 0.25% finishing at 7263.87.
The market sectors were mixed Friday with a majority of the sectors trending up. Energy saw the biggest increase of the day (1.83%), while Consumer Discretionary saw the biggest drop (1.77%). Industrials has seen the biggest year-to-date gain at 11%.
Consumer Discretionary and Real Estate experienced turn arounds from their five day positive performance, Consumer Discretionary with a drop of 1.77%.
Energy went up with a 1.83% change.
Information Technology went up with a 0.60% change.
Financials went up with a 0.51% change.
Materials went up with a 0.45% change.
Healthcare went up with a 0.22% change.
Industrials went up with a 0.19% change.
Consumer Staples went down with a -0.27% change.
Utilities went down with a -0.33% change.
Communication Services went down with a -0.34% change.
Real Estate went down with a -0.67% change.
Consumer Discretionary went down with a -1.77% change.


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Q: Scala SBT / Maven2 Error on OSX: "Error Opening Zip File" -> MissingRequirementError I have a project that builds well on Unix boxes (http://www.github.com/jhclark/ducttape).
However, using SBT 0.11.2 (and a few other versions of SBT), it will not build on my Mac (OSX 10.5). I get the following cryptic error message:
$ ~/bin/sbt compile                                       (master*? 20:11)
[info] Loading project definition from /Users/jon/Documents/workspace-    scala/ducttape/project
[info] Set current project to ducttape (in build file:/Users/jon/Documents/workspace-scala/ducttape/)
[info] Compiling 104 Scala sources to /Users/jon/Documents/workspace-scala/ducttape/target/scala-2.9.2/classes...
[error] error while loading <root>, error in opening zip file
[error] {file:/Users/jon/Documents/workspace-scala/ducttape/}default-024416/compile:compile: scala.tools.nsc.MissingRequirementError: object scala not found.
[error] Total time: 2 s, completed May 27, 2012 8:12:09 PM

This happens even after I clean things out thoroughly with:
sbt clean clean-files
rm -rf ~/.ivy2 ~/.m2 ~/.sbt

I suspect that the real error is happening in Maven2, which SBT uses for dependency management (see also Maven : error in opening zip file when running maven).
However, I'm stumped after several days. Any ideas?

A: I had similar problems when attempting to use an older version of the sbt-extras launcher with sbt-0.11.3. In my case, it attempted to download a file that didn't exist, and attempted to unzip the 404 error page. The most recent sbt-extras launcher has been fixed for sbt-0.11.3.
Yours sounds different, but they may be due to the the shutdown of scala-tools.org. If you can, I recommend upgrading to sbt-0.11.3.
If you need to continue to use 0.11.2, you should use the 0.11.3-2 launcher, put sbt.version=0.11.2 in project/build.properties, and disable the scalaTools repo in your  build.sbt. Mark Harrah posted info on the SBT mailing list.
If this doesn't help, for some reason you're downloading corrupted .jars from somewhere.
Run the command find ~/.ivy2 ~/.m2 ~/.sbt -name "*.jar" -exec unzip -qqt {} \; to find which jar(s) are corrupted. The contents of the corrupt jar may give you a clue as to what's going wrong.

A: For completion, I had the same problem and it was a corrupt zip/jar file.
However, Dave's command line checks for the usual classpath directories, where your jar may be.
The one causing me troubles was in fact in my projects ./lib folder. I struggled with this for hours, hopefully this may help someone else.
PS: Thanks a lot Dave!

A: I just had the same problem (on OSX, and with Scala 2.10.2), but the problem turned out not to be in any of my dependency manager repos, or with SBT or Scala (as for some people).
I had put a JAR into /Library/Java/Home/lib/ext/ for other reasons, but didn't make it group- and world-readable. Only root (it's owner) could read it. I tweaked the permissions, and voila. Scala and SBT suddenly work again.
cd /Library/Java/Home/lib/ext
sudo chmod g+r bcprov-jdk15on-1.47.jar
sudo chmod g+a bcprov-jdk15on-1.47.jar

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


This is one of three reviewers that awarded 5 stars from Readers' Favorite. Read the reviews by Jeffrey Brooke-Stewart and Kathryn Bennett.
Our roots aren't always what we assume them to be. Such was the case with Clementine "Lem" Dance, who believed that James Walter Dance was her real father and that there was a mystery behind why he never talked about her mother. In Baby Rocket, Stephanie A. Smith chronicles Lem's search for the truth about her mother and why her father had kept the truth from her. After her father dies of a heart attack, Lem discovers files about an abandoned child on Cape Canaveral in 1966. She soon learns that she was that child and that her father had been piecing together the mystery of what happened to her mother for years. A women's historian who is writing a book about Mercury 9, she knows how to track down the information she needs to finish piecing together the mystery of her who her real parents are. Her journey takes her from California to the Tri-State area to Florida and finally Martha's Vineyard, but it also takes her on an emotional ride as she searches for answers to the questions that have suddenly overtaken her life.
Baby Rocket presents a very frightening realization to a young woman whose life is completely turned upside down. Stephanie A. Smith has done an excellent job of drawing upon the assault of emotions that would engulf a person who just discovered that nothing in their life was what they had believed it to be. Full of drama and suspense, the mysterious intrigue of searching for the truth behind where she came from grips the reader and holds on tight. Tragic, suspenseful and realistic, Baby Rocket will keep you turning pages as you sink deeper and deeper into solving this mystery of emotional proportions.


In July 2018, Aptar Beauty + Home launched Indie Boutique – a custom tailored program that offers Indie Beauty brands short lead times, stock color options and low minimum order quantities on Aptar's top-selling dispensing products. To make it even easier, Indie brands can utilize the same level of dispensing expertise, industry knowledge, and technical support that Aptar provides to all customers.
Aptar took one step further in supporting the Indie community: simplified content and direct access to the manufacturer by launching Indie Boutique online. Indie brands can now order samples, learn more about how Aptar can help them with their projects, and browse the full collection. The range of products includes full airless and mini packaging solutions as well as a selection of iconic fragrance, skincare, color cosmetics, and haircare/body care dispensing products.
Brands can access Indie Boutique directly by visiting: indieboutique.aptar.com.
The Indie Boutique is available in North America.
For its new high-performance skincare product, the luxury brand was looking for exclusive packaging that would both visually recall the cells of a beehive and dispense two distinct formulas that could merge in the bottle pump. The Aptar custom team developed a six-piece bottle, with three visible pieces for aesthetic purposes, and three technical pieces for dispensing.
The result is a made-to-measure creation for this new serum and its bee seal stamped double pump bottle which dispenses the perfect amount of the brand's antiaging corrective formulas with each actuation.
A result made possible thanks to the Aptar Beauty + Home custom team and the Guerlain House team, in order to reach the ideal compromise between functionality and respect for the design envisioned by Guerlain.
Around the world, the Aptar Beauty + Home custom teams provide brands the opportunity to express their uniqueness through packaging. From the creative concept to the delivery of the finished product, they are committed to meeting all of the requirements and the most innovative ideas by combining technological expertise, industrial capabilities and responsive and transparent project management. With inventiveness as a trademark, they continue to push the limits of expertise through a new challenge set by the renowned Guerlain House.
Aptar Beauty + Home, the world leader in the dispensing packaging solutions industry for perfumery and cosmetics (sprays, aerosols, pump bottles, etc.) supports brands throughout the project process from design to creation, drawing on its accurate knowledge of trends and new consumer habits.
Applying perfume is a way of asserting oneself, expressing one's personality, one's singularity, either by allowing a trail to blossom, or more intimately when the fragrance lingers close to the skin.
For women with cancer, this simple gesture is often impossible, prevented by the treatments which affect sense of smell or scars that do not allow the use of sprays. For the launch of the first perfume designed for these women, the Ozalys brand has chosen Aptar Beauty + Home and its Note system which allows them to safely reconnect with the elegance of applying perfume.
This innovative applicator provides a new gesture method inspired by the history of perfumery, when the fragrance was not yet sprayed but rather gently deposited on the skin using a glass stopper. The Note system includes a transparent applicator that fills automatically each time the cap is unscrewed.
It provides smooth, precise and progressive application on the desired areas. The fragrance is applied one drop at a time to the wrist, behind the ears or a garment to avoid excess olfactory and apply perfume to the desired area alone.
Chemotherapy affects sense of smell, and it is common for patients to no longer tolerate certain smells, or even experience nausea when they are too strong. The Note system and its made-to-measure dose help avoid saturation and inconvenience.
In the case of breast cancer, another obstacle to applying perfume are scars and radiotherapy which exclude the use of sprays on the neckline area. Thanks to the Note application method, which applies the fragrance drop-by-drop and only where desired, there is no risk of pain or discomfort, application is accurate and perfectly localized.
The environmental urgency is felt by a growing number of consumers, and especially urbanites. More than 95% of consumers in France, Germany and Italy feel that pollution is a problem and nearly 4 out of 10 French people believe that pollution levels will worsen in the coming years.
Not only do fine particles cause an increase in chronic respiratory illnesses when inhaled, but they also have an impact on the skin. When fine particles land on the skin, they overstimulate AhR receptors, upsetting the skin's natural defenses and setting off reactions that lead to the appearance of irritation and even inflammation and discomfort such as itching, redness or excessive sebum production. Moreover, the body produces free radicals to fight oxidative stress, leading to accelerating aging, similar to aging caused by smoking and UV rays.
Anti-pollution cosmetics, which first emerged on the Asian market around ten years ago, already made up more than a third (38%) of the cosmetics market in 2016. In Europe, many brands have developed the segment with "barrier" formulas and the number of product launches grew 207% between 2016 and 2017. In 2018, at least 165 new products had "anti-pollution" properties. Clarins was a pioneer in the field with the 2007 launch of its Expertise 3P range that protects against both atmospheric and electromagnetic pollution. Garancia also released its Ma VAP Bien Aimée fixing and mattifying spray, while Uriage has just launched its Age Protect range, which offers protection from both pollution and blue light.
This trend is part of a larger industry movement towards formulas with fewer preservatives and begs the question of the protective ability of packaging. Acting in synergy with the formula, it must offer a sufficient level of performance and sealing to ensure the product is both effective and safe over time and in use. It must protect the protective formula.
If our gut is our "second brain", our skin flora is the natural shield for our skin. Formulas enriched with prebiotics and probiotics are becoming more widespread and promise a more natural approach to skincare.
Many popular science and press articles have helped teach the public about the gut microbiome. We now know that the billions of microorganisms that regulate our digestive system interact with our central nervous system. These interactions explain, for example, are why we get a "knot in our stomach" when stressed, but they also open the door to a dizzying array of research possibilities, such as the potential correlation between an altered gut microbiome and certain types of neurodegenerative disorders*.
The same goes for our skin. The latest advances in dermatological research have shown that "good" bacteria on our skin plays a protective role. After decades of using overly abrasive cleansers, it has now been proven that there is a correlation between a decline in skin flora and certain skin irritations and inflammations. This has led maternity wards to now wait longer before giving newborns a bath to ensure the maternal microbiota has been transferred via the amniotic fluid.
The movement has gone from niche to mainstream and is gaining momentum. Formulas are enriched with pre- and probiotics – microorganisms cultivated to complete or nourish the microbiota – that "support the skin microbiome," such as those produced by brands like Gallinée, Orveda or Lancôme with its Génifique range. The trend is growing stronger in Europe, and the United States does not want to be left behind. AO + Mist, by the brand Mother Dirt, is a mist enriched with "peacekeeper" bacteria that can restore the skin's natural balance.
Conservation is a real challenge for these especially fragile formulas. While the mist by Mother Dirt can only be kept for up to six weeks in the refrigerator (four weeks at room temperature), consumers expect most products to last much longer. To guarantee the efficacy of these formulas with living microorganisms, they must be able to survive and so packaging must be 100% airtight.
In 2017, just 30% of French people and 24% of Italians interviewed by Mintel said they trusted the beauty industry to ensure the safety of its cosmetic products. Although individual preservatives that are still authorized do not carry any risk of harm, it is true that the myriad cosmetics and toiletries that we use every day might make us nervy about a possible 'cocktail effect' that still isn't fully understood. We are talking here about shower gels, shampoos, makeup removers, face creams and so on.
Uriage selected Aptar Beauty + Home's Auriga City airless solution to protect its new product range called Age Protect, a multi-action formula which combats the signs of aging.
Aptar Beauty + Home's airless solution preserves highly sensitive formulas intended for fragile skin.
Compact and practical, the Auriga City airless solution guarantees excellent delivery of skin care formula, including dense formulas, without the slightest admission of air.
An integrated lockable on/off system. It can be easily carried while providing protection for the formula.
Refined, modern and ergonomic, Auriga City elegantly revolutionizes airless dispensers, offering a wide choice of decorations. Uriage's Age Protect product range stands out with its on-the-go format and streamlined design.
SheerMist is ideal for compressed gas aerosols (Air/Nitrogen with Ariane Valve or Bag on Valve). Unlike some spray inserts, SheerMist maintains the quality of its spray performance throughout the product's lifetime without loss of pressure. It also has the drying characteristics of sprays that use conventional liquefied propellants, while offering additional advantages, including reduced environmental impact, which has been validated by a Life Cycle Assessment; no need for the finished product to be classified as flammable (valid only for no alcohol or nonflammable ingredients); quieter dispersion, as aerosol products are more silent; pure formulation, and improved safety and affordability.
SheerMist is ideal for deodorant, body treatment, facial skincare (thermal water), air freshener, insect repellent, polish, duster or for any personal care or home care product that requires a soft, quick drying, fine spray. SheerMist is designed for alcohol or water-based formulations and is compatible with all aerosol accessories from the Aptar range, which allows marketers to customize the look and function of the package.
Aptar Beauty + Home was an exhibitor at the 15th annual ADF & PCD (Aerosol & Dispensing Forum / Packaging of Perfume Cosmetics & Design) Trade Fair, which took place in Paris on January 31, and February 1.
With 500 exhibitors and more than 6,000 attendees, this year's show provided an incredible opportunity for Aptar Beauty + Home to connect with customers and fellow thought leaders, as well as share best practices related to the innovation and customization of distribution solutions.
Visitors to Aptar Beauty + Home's interactive booth had the opportunity to explore four unique displays. Each display focused on a different area of Aptar's expertise and was designed to mimic familiar beauty environments, including The Perfumery, The Bathroom Experience, The Lab, and The Hair Salon.
Runway: An easy-to-use, dual action solution for aerosols that allows users to actuate the product vertically or via a trigger.
Proteo: A revolutionary dispensing system for personal care products with flexible packaging that slides open and close.
TES (Tamper Evident Seal): A new actuator system with a removable seal that prevents tampering and contamination.
The Lab introduced Star Drop, an alternative to the traditional dropper that enables controlled, intuitive application of liquid foundation.
The Perfumery demonstrated the joy of sampling fragrances by highlighting the Easy Clip Card and Imagin Connected solutions.
In addition to an exciting exhibit, Aptar's ingenuity was recognized at the show. Chanel La Crème Main, which features Aptar's patented airless dispensing solution, received the PCD Award (Premium Skincare category) for achievement in technological innovation.
The ADF & PCD award was given to Aptar for its Viktor & Rolf "La Fontaine" project, which was closely managed by Aptar and L'Oréal. "La Fontaine" is a filling system created by Techniplast and based on the Aptar VP4 pump.
Aptar was also recognized for its work on Clarins Double Serum and Kerastase Reflection Touches Chromatiques.
The challenge: Committed to biodiversity and environmental protection from the outset, the Yves Rocher Laboratory developed an ultra-concentrated shower gel formula aimed at reducing plastic packs and environmental impact.
The brand was looking for a suitable dispensing system that would prevent excessive use of the product by consumers who are not accustomed to this type of concentrated formula.
The solution: In collaboration with Yves Rocher, Aptar Beauty + Home developed a customized Snap Top closure assembled with our SimpliSqueeze silicone valve. The valve allows clean dispensing and prevents the formula from spilling and dripping.
Simply squeeze the bottle and the dispensing closure delivers just the right amount of shower gel – the consumer can dispense as much as they want, where they want. Releasing the pressure on the bottle ensures clean product cut-off and that no product is wasted. Additionally, the temperature resistance of the silicone valve guarantees superior dispensing control, even in the shower where temperature varies.
The result: A 100-ml bottle of shower gel that offers 40 uses, which is as much as a 400-ml bottle…mission accomplished! As an extra bonus, the 100-ml size allows it to be carried in hand luggage on a plane.
And because this smaller bottle requires less plastic than a 400-ml bottle, it decreases the overall environmental footprint of the product. Reducing impact on the environment is of increasing concern to consumers, and a value held dear by the Yves Rocher brand. Aptar Beauty + Home helped successfully translate that priority through technological innovation.
Aptar Beauty + Home is pioneering personalized cosmetics by customizing its best-in-class packaging solution, Serumony, for IOMA, the expert in custom skincare.
IOMA In.Lab is a miniaturized laboratory that allows beauty consultants to specially formulate and dispense more than 40,000 possible combinations of MA CRÈME skincare treatment in just one minute. A new technology was needed to deliver a precise dose of the active ingredients, which is why IOMA chose Serumony by Aptar Beauty + Home. This revolutionary container can deliver hundreds of 0.07 ml microdoses with accuracy to the nearest 0.001 ml. Watch the video below to see IOMA In.Lab in action.
Intuitive and easy-to-use, Serumony's unique design eliminates waste by delivering a perfectly measured amount of product every time, all with the simple press of a button. And, thanks to its airless technology, Serumony's watertight cylinder ensures the formula's integrity remains intact over time. Its metal-free alpha70 pump guarantees compatibility between formula and pack, which helps preserve the effectiveness of active ingredients by reducing the possibility for metallic components to come in contact with the product.
With exceptional design, airless packaging and an innovative application method, Serumony meets IOMA's unique needs and delivers a satisfying experience to its customers.
New experiences, new application rituals… Aptar Beauty + Home is driving the future of cosmetics through innovation.
Double Serum by Clarins is an iconic product, made up of the best scientific formulas including a double hydric and lipidic formula, highly concentrated in active plant ingredients, 20 in total, which gives skin effective anti-aging and radiance results. The Clarins product also features an innovative technological package to preserve these ingredients and optimize their effectiveness.
As an innovation developed exclusively for Clarins by Aptar Beauty + Home, following joint collaboration and research with the Clarins team, the new packaging provides a unique delivery system guaranteeing the purity of each formula. It triggers the mixing process and delivers, in a single pump, the right dose of the double skincare to apply to the face.
The push button can also be rotated to offer consumers a different dose to match their needs, while controlling the amount of the two formulas each time the product is used.
By choosing Aptar Beauty + Home, Clarins relied on our innovative teams to enhance the Double Serum's formula and we played an active part in this unique skincare product's success.
Beauty experts, Clarins and Aptar Beauty + Home, have come together to allow consumers to enjoy a new beauty experience. In addition to its enchanting fragrance, its double formula offers an ultra-sensory cream/oil texture that makes application a delight.


Greg Garbula has an understanding of the aspects and attributes of the area and will use his knowledge and experience to help find the perfect home to suit your needs.
Many of the people who live in Crawford Bay and the East Shore love the fact that the wilderness is at their fingertips. There is always plenty to do, but in a relaxed and unhurried atmosphere.
Perhaps you might wake up, have a cup of coffee while looking over the lake, and then jump on your ATV and head up in the mountains to pick huckleberries. Or perhaps you head out on the lake for an afternoon of boating, or to Kokanee Springs for a round of Golf.
The point is, this is your life – and this community has everything you need to live it to it's fullest, without the pressure of a big city.


text:
Q: No default constructor found I don't want to use the default constructor so I implement mine
class A
{
  public:
     A(int&i);
     A& operator=(const A& a);
     A(const A&a);
};

But in class B
class B
{
   A a;
   public:
     B(const A&a){this->a=a;}
}

Then the error:

no appropriate default constructor of A found.

A: Use a constructor initialization list, so the member a is initialized via the copy constructor:
B(const A&a):a(a){}

If you don't use a constructor initialization list, then the compiler first tries to initialize A a;, and only after assigns the other a to it. However, the first initialization fails because there is no default constructor provided. In general, it is recommended to always using the constructor initialization list when initializing members. In this way, instead of calling one constructor + one assignment operator, you only call the copy constructor.
I suggest changing the name of the member from a to e.g. _a, so the code becomes a bit more clear.


text:
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Gragnani claims Eddie Shore Award
by theahl
April 5, 2011 September 27, 2016
SPRINGFIELD, Mass. … The American Hockey League announced today that Marc-Andre Gragnani of the Portland Pirates has been named the winner of the Eddie Shore Award as the AHL's outstanding defenseman for the 2010-11 season, as voted by AHL coaches, players and members of the media in each of the league's 30 cities.
Gragnani leads all AHL defensemen in assists (48) and points (60) and ranks fourth among blueliners with a plus-22 rating – all career highs – in 63 games for Portland this season. On the Pirates' roster, Gragnani is tops in assists and plus/minus and second in points to help lead his team's bid for an Atlantic Division title. The 24-year-old native of Montreal has set Pirates franchise records for assists and points in a season by a defenseman, and he tied the club's single-game mark with five assists vs. Worcester on Jan. 15. He also had a string of six consecutive multiple-point games from Mar. 1-12, part of a seven-game scoring streak overall, and ranked second in the entire AHL during March with 20 points (3-17-20) in 13 contests.
Gragnani, a third-round draft pick by Buffalo in 2005, has also appeared in six games with the Sabres this season. His first career NHL point was the assist on the game-winning goal vs. the New York Rangers on Mar. 30, and his first NHL goal was the overtime winner at Carolina on Apr. 3.
A fourth-year pro, Gragnani has totaled 47 goals and 159 assists for 206 points in 283 career AHL games.
This award, which was first presented by the AHL in 1959, honors the late Eddie Shore, a member of both the Hockey Hall of Fame and the American Hockey League Hall of Fame who is widely regarded as one of hockey's greatest defensemen. Shore won a total of five Calder Cups in his career, including two as the general manager of the Buffalo Bisons and three as the longtime owner of the Springfield Indians. Previous winners of the Eddie Shore Award include Steve Kraftcheck (1959), Al Arbour (1965), Noel Price (1970, '72, '76), Brian Engblom (1977), Terry Murray (1978, '79), Brad Shaw (1987), Dave Fenyves (1988, '89), Eric Weinrich (1990), Darren Rumble (1997), John Slaney (2001, '02), Curtis Murphy (2003, '04), Niklas Kronwall (2005), Sheldon Brookbank (2007), Andrew Hutchinson (2008) and Johnny Boychuk (2009).
Celebrating its historic 75th anniversary season in 2010-11, the American Hockey League continues to serve as the top development league for all 30 National Hockey League teams. More than 85 percent of all players competing in the NHL are AHL graduates, and through the years the American Hockey League has been home to more than 100 honored members of the Hockey Hall of Fame. The 2010-11 season ends on Apr. 10, and 16 clubs will continue to vie for the league's coveted championship trophy when the 2011 Calder Cup Playoffs get underway next week.
AHL Weekly: Races head toward finish line
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Mora Development sentenced to pay $3M fine for Clean Water Act violation
Contributor August 3, 2018
La Plata River serves approximately 80,000 people in Puerto Rico. (Credit: Carlo Giovannetti)
U.S. District Judge Carmen Consuelo-Cerezo sentenced Mora Development to pay a fine of $3 million, serve a five-year probation term and restitute a family whose children were affected by the criminal conduct.
Cerezo ordered company owner Cleofe Rubi-González to personally guarantee payment of all financial obligations imposed on the company.
Mora Development Corp. previously pled guilty to a one-count information charging a violation of the Clean Water Act, 33 U.S.C. Section 1311 and 1319 (C) (2) for discharging the sanitary wastewater generated from residences at Las Cascadas II development In Toa Alta, from a holding tank through a point source (a by-pass pipe) into the Toa Alta municipal storm water system and then into Quilan Creek, which flows into La Plata River, without a national pollution elimination system (Npds) permit. La Plata River serves approximately 80,000 people in Puerto Rico.
"The U.S. Attorney's Office will continue to enforce federal laws which protect the environment and the public," Said Rosa E. Rodríguez-Vélez, U.S. Attorney for the District of Puerto Rico.
"Today's sentence should serve as a deterrent to those who consider discharging waste water into our creeks. Our office will continue to work with all law enforcement agencies to help prevent release of hazardous material into our creeks, protect workers and the local community," she said.
"Mora Development Corporation knowingly cut corners to save money by discharging raw sewage into the La Plata River without proper treatment in violation of the Clean Water Act," said Tyler Amon, special agent-in-charge of criminal investigation division for the EPA's Region 2 office In New York.
"The scheme to hide an illegal sewage system is a short-sighted business decision that put the community's health and environment at risk. The EPA will continue to work directly with our Commonwealth partners to investigate and seek prosecution of environmental crime offenders," he said.
the government presented evidence that over the course of the time prior to properly connecting with the Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Sewer Authority, Mora discharged more than 29 million gallons of sewage into the municipal stormwater system and into Quilan Creek.
Former Project Manager, Jose Merino had also pled guilty previously and was sentenced to six months' probation.
The case was prosecuted by the Howard P. Stewart senior litigation counsel of the Department of Justice's Environmental Crimes Division, and Assistant U.S. Attorney Carmen Márquez. The EPA's Region 2 investigated the case.
This story was written by our staff based on a press release.
collaborator@newsismybusiness.com
Mora Development
EPA assigns $12M to clean up former pesticide storage facility in Manatí
Michelle Kantrow-Vázquez December 22, 2021
New faces join the EPA, Triple-S Foundation, Jackson Lewis
Contributor November 19, 2021
EPA awards $1.1M grant to UPR to reduce air pollution in San Juan
Contributor October 7, 2020
EPA finalizes cleanup plan to address Arecibo pesticide warehouse


text:
Introduction of a Medium-term Performance-linked Stock Compensation System targeted at Konica Minolta's Executive Officers, etc. (details determined) - News Releases
Introduction of a Medium-term Performance-linked Stock Compensation System targeted at Konica Minolta's Executive Officers, etc. (details determined)
Company Name: Konica Minolta, Inc.
Representative: Shoei Yamana, President and CEO
Stock Exchange Listing: Tokyo (First Section)
Local Securities Code Number: 4902
Contact: Mami Iwamoto, General Manager, Corporate Branding Division
Tel: (81) 3-6250-2100
Konica Minolta, Inc. (hereinafter referred to as "the Company") passed a resolution at the meeting of its Compensation Committee held on May 11, 2017, to introduce a medium-term performance-linked stock compensation system that utilizes a trust (hereinafter referred to as "System") as an incentive plan for its executive officers and directors excluding outside directors (hereinafter referred to as "Management Members"). The Company decided (*1), based on the resolution at the meeting of its Compensation Committee held today and the decision by the President and Representative Executive Officer, the details relevant to the System which covers Management Members, Group Executives and Technology Fellows (hereinafter referred to as "Executive Officers, etc."), including the total amount of shares to be acquired and the timing at which the trust concerning the System will be created, and will notify you as follows.
1. Introduction of the System
(1) The Company has formulated "SHINKA 2019", Medium Term Business Plan for the three-year period from FY2017 to FY2019. In order to fulfill this Medium Term Business Plan , the Company will introduce the System for the purpose of linking the performance targets set forth in the plan with the compensation of Executive Officers, etc.*2. The System will involve highly transparent and objective performance-linked stock compensation in that the compensation of Executive Officers, etc. will be determined according to the extent to which performance targets are fulfilled, among other factors. It is intended to help boost their motivation to improve the Company's business performance on an ongoing basis and in the medium/long run, and increase Konica Minolta Group's corporate value more than ever before.
(2) Upon introducing the System, the Company will adopt a structure called a Board Incentive Plan trust (hereinafter referred to as "BIP Trust"). Through the BIP Trust, the Company will execute the granting or payment (hereinafter referred to as "Granting, etc.") of Company shares and cash in the amount equivalent to the conversion value of Company shares (hereinafter referred to as "Company shares, etc.") to Executive Officers, etc. depending on such factors as their respective job positions and the extent to which performance targets of the medium-term business plan have been fulfilled.
(3) Compensation based on the System will consist of: "medium-term performance-linked stock compensation", which involves the Granting, etc. of Company shares, etc. to Executive Officers, etc. according to their respective job positions and the extent to which performance targets of the Medium Term Business Plan have been fulfilled; and "medium-term stock compensation", which involves the Granting, etc. of Company shares, etc. to directors according to their respective roles and terms of office.
*1 The resolution on the introduction of the System was passed today at the meeting of the Compensation Committee, in which outside directors constitute the majority of members and an outside director serves as chairperson. Of note, the Compensation Committee conducts a fair evaluation of the appropriateness of the performance targets, the target fulfillment status, etc. and ensures transparency and objectivity in the decision-making process and outcome with respect to the executive compensation system.
*2 In conjunction with the introduction of the System, the existing stock compensation-type stock options system will be abolished, and new subscription rights to shares will no longer be granted. Compensation of the Company's directors will thus consist of basic compensation in the form of "base salary" and "medium-term stock compensation". Executive Officers, etc.'s compensation will consist of "base salary", "annual performance-linked cash compensation" and "medium-term performance-linked stock compensation". Outside directors' compensation will consist exclusively of "base salary".
2. Structure of BIP Trust
(i) The Company will have a resolution at the meeting of its Compensation Committee and a decision made by the President and Representative Executive Officer on the compensation of Executive Officers, etc., in relation to the introduction of the System.
(ii) The Company will establish stock-granting rules concerning the System at the meeting of the Compensation Committee.
(iii) The Company will contribute cash to the Trustee to the extent approved based on a resolution at the meeting of the Compensation Committee and a decision by the President and Representative Executive Officer in (i), and create a BIP Trust in which beneficiaries are Executive Officers, etc., who meet the beneficiary requirements (hereinafter referred to as "Trust").
(iv) The Trust will acquire Company shares from the stock market by using the cash contributed in (iii) as the source of financing, in accordance with the Trust administrator's instructions.
(v) Dividends of Company shares in the Trust will be paid in the same manner as other Company shares.
(vi) Voting rights for Company shares in the Trust shall not be exercised throughout the Trust period.
(vii) During the Trust period, points will be awarded to Executive Officers, etc. in accordance with the stock-granting rules depending on such factors as their respective job positions and the extent to which performance targets set forth in the Medium Term Business Plan have been fulfilled. If Executive Officers, etc. have met the beneficiary requirements, the Trust will execute the Granting, etc. of Company shares, etc. proportionate to the number of such points.
(viii) In cases where any residual shares have arisen upon the expiry of the Trust period due to the failure to fulfill the performance targets during the Trust period or for other such reasons, the Company plans to either: continue to use the Trust in the form of the System or the same type of incentive plan as the System by amending the Trust agreement and making additional contributions to the Trust; or not continue the use of the Trust, in which case such residual shares will be transferred from the Trust to the Company without charge and the Company will retire such shares by resolution of the Board of Directors.
(ix) Property remaining at the time of the termination of the Trust is slated to be vested in the Company up to the amount of the Trust money after deducting the amount of stock acquisition funds.
(Note) The Trustor may entrust additional cash to the Trust as funds for acquiring Company shares up to the amount of funds for acquiring Company shares approved based on a resolution at the meeting of its Compensation Committee and a decision by the President and Representative Executive Officer.
3. Details of the System
(1) Overview of the System
This System is a stock-based compensation system covering the three fiscal years from the fiscal year ending March 31, 2018, to the fiscal year ending March 31, 2020, corresponding to the period of the Company's Medium-Term Business Plan (hereinafter referred to as "Covered Period"), by which Company shares, etc., are granted according to the position of the Executive Officers, etc., and the extent to which performance targets, set forth in the Medium-Term Business Plan, are fulfilled. In the event that the Trust is continued as provided for in (3) b., below, respective fiscal years corresponding to the subsequent Medium-Term Business Plan will be set as the Covered Period.
(2) Eligibility for the Trust (beneficiary requirements)
Executive Officers, etc., will be granted Company shares, etc., by the Trust in the number corresponding to their points (as stated in (4) below), provided that they meet the beneficiary requirements as follows:
(i) The beneficiary assumes the position of an Executive Officer, etc., during the Covered Period.
(ii) The beneficiary has not resigned for personal reasons, been dismissed, etc. or engaged in certain wrongdoing conduct while in office.
(iii) The beneficiary meets any other requirements deemed necessary to fulfill the purpose of the System as a stock-based compensation system.
(3) Trust period
a. Initial trust period
The trust period of the Trust established based on this System shall be approximately three years from August 7, 2017 to August 31, 2020 (planned).
b. Continuation of the Trust
The Company may continue the Trust, upon the expiry of the trust period, as the same type of stock-based compensation plan as this System by amending the trust agreement and making additional contributions to the Trust; provided, however, that, upon such continuation of the Trust, the details of such stock-based compensation plan will be deliberated and decided again, with the management policies and the Medium-Term Business Plan at that point in time taken into consideration, at the meeting of its Compensation Committee.
(4) Company shares, etc., subject to Granting, etc., to Executive Officers, etc.
Company shares, etc., subject to Granting, etc., to Executive Officers, etc., shall be determined as one share of the Company per point according to the number of points calculated pursuant to the following point calculation formula. If, however, the number of Company shares held under the Trust increases or decreases due to a stock split, allotment of shares without contribution or reverse stock split, etc., the Company will adjust the number of Company shares subject to Granting, etc., per point according to the percentage of such increase or decrease of Company shares.
(Point calculation formula)
(i) Medium-term performance-linked stock compensation
The performance-linked points, that are calculated as the value where the points calculated by dividing the funds for compensation determined in advance per position by the stock price at the time the Trust acquires Company shares (hereinafter referred to as "Standard Points per Position") is multiplied by the performance-linked coefficient (*3) according to the cumulative performance for each fiscal year during the period of Medium-Term Business Plan, shall be granted to Executive Officers, etc., who hold office on the date of the Ordinary General Meeting of Shareholders held following the end of each fiscal period during the Covered Period (*4).
With respect to Group Executives and Technology Fellows, the performance-linked points will be granted to those who hold office as of the end of each fiscal year during the Covered Period (*5).
(ii) Medium-term stock compensation
The Standard Points per Position shall be granted to directors who hold office as of the date of the Ordinary General Meeting of Shareholders held following the end of each fiscal period during the Covered Period (*4).
*3 The performance-linked coefficient shall be evaluated based on 50% of consolidated operating profit (cumulative amount) and ROE (averaged number), respectively, and the compensation according to the performance achievement ratio shall vary within the range of 0% to 150%.
*4 If an Executive Officer, etc., retires before, or takes office after, the date of the Ordinary General Meeting of Shareholders during the period of the Medium-Term Business Plan, necessary adjustment shall be made according to his/her term of office.
*5 If a Group Executive or Technology Fellow retires before, or takes office after, the end of fiscal year during the period of the Medium-Term Business Plan, necessary adjustment shall be made according to his/her term of office.
(5) Method and timing of Granting, etc., of Company shares, etc., to Executive Officers, etc.
Executive Officers, etc., who meet the beneficiary requirements shall receive the Granting, etc., of Company shares, etc., after the expiry of the Covered Period in principle based on the cumulative number of points calculated according to the item (4) above (hereinafter referred to as "Cumulative Points"). In this case, such Executive Officers, etc., shall receive the Granting, etc., of Company shares, etc., corresponding to 50% of the Cumulative Points (shares less than share unit to be rounded off) and the money equivalent to the disposal value of Company shares corresponding to the remaining Cumulative Points that are converted into cash under the Trust. Such Executive Officers, etc., who receive Company shares shall continue to hold those shares at least one year after their retirement.
If an Executive Officer, etc., passes away before the expiry of the Covered Period, a legal heir of such Executive Officer, etc., shall receive the money equivalent to the disposal value of Company shares corresponding to the Cumulative Points at that point in time after such shares are converted into cash under the Trust.
Furthermore, if an Executive Officer, etc., does not have a securities brokerage account that handles Japanese shares, such Executive Officer, etc., shall receive the money equivalent to the disposal value of Company shares corresponding to the Cumulative Points at that point in time after such shares are converted into cash under the Trust.
(6) Trust money to be contributed to the Trust and maximum number of Company shares subject to the Granting, etc., from the Trust
The trust money to be contributed to the Trust during the trust period shall be as follows :
Amount of trust money to be contributed to the Trust during the initial trust period: 1,164,537,500 yen (*6)
Furthermore, the maximum number of Company shares, etc., subject to the Granting, etc., to Executive Officers, etc., under the System during the trust period shall be the number calculated by dividing the amount of stock acquisition funds by the stock price at the time the Trust acquires Company shares (any fraction to be rounded down).
*6 Total of stock acquisition funds for the Trust during the trust period, trust fees and trust expenses
(7) Method for the Trust to acquire Company shares
The Trust shall acquire Company shares from the stock market to the extent of the amount of stock acquisition funds.
(8) Exercise of voting rights related to Company shares held under the Trust
To ensure the neutrality of the Company's management, the voting rights of Company shares held under the Trust shall not be exercised during the trust period.
(9) Treatment of dividends related to Company shares held under the Trust
The dividends of Company shares held under the Trust will be received by the Trust and applied to trust fees and trust expenses. If residual money remains upon the closing of the Trust after dividends are applied to trust fees and expenses, such money will be donated to organizations which have no conflict of interest with the Company. If the Company continuously uses the Trust, such residual money will be used as the stock acquisition funds.
(10) Treatment of residual shares at the expiry of the trust period
If residual shares remain in the Trust at the expiry of the trust period due to underachievement of performance targets or other factors, the Trust may be continued as the same type of stock-based compensation plan as the System by amending the trust agreement and making additional contributions to the Trust. In the event the Trust is terminated at the expiry of the trust period, the Trust will transfer such residual shares to the Company without compensation, which the Company will retire by a resolution of the Board of Directors.
(For reference)
[Details of trust agreement]
(i) Trust type
Money held in trust other than individually-managed money in trust (third party benefit trust)
(ii) Purpose of trust
Giving incentives to Executive Officers, etc.
(iii) Trustor
(iv) Trustee
Mitsubishi UFJ Trust and Banking Corporation
(Co-trustee: The Master Trust Bank of Japan, Ltd.)
(v) Beneficiaries
Executive Officers, etc., who meet the beneficiary requirements
(vi) Trust administrator
A third party who has no conflict of interest with the Company (certified public accountant)
(vii) Date of trust agreement
(viii) Trust period
August 7, 2017 to August 31, 2020 (planned)
(ix) Commencement date of the System
(x) Exercise of voting rights
No voting rights to be exercised
(xi) Type of stocks to be acquired
Common stock of the Company
(xii) Amount of trust money
1,164,537,500 yen (including trust fees and trust expenses)
(xiii) Time period for acquiring shares
August 8, 2017 (planned) to August 31, 2017 (planned)
(xiv) Method of stock acquisition
To be acquired from stock market
(xv) Rights holder
(xvi) Residual property
The residual property the Company may receive as the rights holder shall be limited to the extent of the reserve for trust expenses, etc., which is calculated by deducting stock acquisition funds from trust money.
(Note) The aforementioned planned date may be changed to another appropriate date in accordance with applicable laws and regulations, etc.
[Details of trust and stock-related administration]
(i) Trust-related administration
Mitsubishi UFJ Trust and Banking Corporation and The Master Trust Bank of Japan, Ltd. will serve as the trustees of the Trust and perform trust-related administration.
(ii) Share-related administration
Mitsubishi UFJ Morgan Stanley Securities Co., Ltd. will perform administration related to the granting of Company shares to the beneficiaries based on the administrative service agreement.


WASHINGTON — Ahead of his first trip as secretary of state to South America, Rex W. Tillerson warned countries in the Western Hemisphere on Thursday about the dangers of the region's growing trade with China and Russia.
In wide-ranging remarks, Mr. Tillerson also pledged more help in Mexico's fight against drug cartels and Colombia's peace initiative and efforts to cut back on coca production. He also called on both Cuba and Venezuela to embrace democracy, and said that updating the North American Free Trade Agreement and striking other trade deals were a priority.
But his most pointed remarks came in his warning against Russian military sales and trade with China, which has displaced the United States as the largest trading partner for Chile, Argentina, Peru and Brazil.
"Our region must be diligent to guard against faraway powers," he said in an echo of what Chinese officials say about the United States in Asia.
Left unsaid, though, was that the Trump administration has pulled back from trade agreements like the Trans-Pacific Partnership, which is intended to serve as a check on China. The Chinese have been eager to fill the vacuums left by the United States on the world stage.
She touted what she said was the Trump administration's hard line against Russia, pointing to expanded sanctions and to the decision to send weapons to Ukraine. "In the last year, this administration has been tougher on Russia than any American administration since Ronald Reagan," she said.
Mr. Tillerson delivered his speech exactly one year after he was confirmed as secretary of state. It was the most confident of his tenure, as he easily fielded students' questions with great detail and without notes.
Stories have receded about Mr. Tillerson's troubled relationship with President Trump and of his own imminent departure, a narrative supplied privately by critics in the White House. Indeed, Mr. Tillerson is widely expected to remain in his post at least through the summer, and his relationship with Mr. Trump appears to have stabilized.
He has also been learning to build enjoyable details into his packed travel schedule. On Friday morning, Mr. Tillerson is expected to tour the Metropolitan Cathedral in Mexico City. He will then fly to Nahuel Huapi National Park in Bariloche, Argentina, a vast wilderness on the northern edge of Patagonia, where he plans to ascend an Andean summit on horseback.
In a briefing for reporters, a senior State Department official said the trip to Bariloche was meant to highlight scientific and research exchanges between the two countries. Unmentioned was how much Mr. Tillerson likes horseback riding.
But back at the State Department, morale remains troubled amid serious cutbacks, a grinding reorganization and an exodus of senior diplomats that continued on Thursday.
Thomas A. Shannon Jr., the under secretary of state for political affairs, announced his resignation as the department's third-highest ranking official. He will serve until his successor is confirmed by the Senate, according to Heather Nauert, the department's spokeswoman, a process that is likely to take months.
The timing of Mr. Shannon's announcement was driven by his promise to stay through Mr. Tillerson's first year, said Steve Goldstein, the department's under secretary for public affairs. Mr. Goldstein said Mr. Shannon had been hoping to spend more time with his father, following his mother's death late last year.
Of the five "career ambassadors," the department's highest rank, who were in place in January 2017, only one will remain after Mr. Shannon departs. Scores of others who held ranks just beneath Mr. Shannon's have left.
Mr. Shannon was unusual in that he seemed to thrive during Mr. Tillerson's first year.
In the administration's first months, Mr. Tillerson often decided against attending formal functions at the White House and sent Mr. Shannon to serve in his place. When Mr. Trump met with the leaders of Japan, Britain and Canada, Mr. Shannon was by the president's side.
But within the department, Mr. Shannon was widely rumored to be unhappy with Mr. Tillerson's decisions to ignore many of the department's top experts, as well as his failure to identify a cadre of senior leaders or fill vacancies in a large number of ambassadorships. It was often Mr. Shannon who delivered the news to senior diplomats that they were being pushed out of their jobs or would not get the postings they had been promised.


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We act as the catalyst to deliver great opportunities using the very best talents throughout Australia and New Zealand and now with new media options throughout the world.
This process generally delivers many conceptual choices to choose from and also delivers these options at very cost effective rates.


text:
Q: Can I use shadow property for property child? I'm trying to use new EF Core Shadow Property for server side pagination, sorting and filtering of a list results.
Sorting and pagination working great except of when I want to sort column by entity child property UserName. Is there a way to use shadow property to sort by the property child property?
Something like this: .OrderBy(p => EF.Property<object>(p, "user.UserName"))
Entity Model:
public class Player
{
    public int Id { get; set; }
    public int UserId { get; set; }
    public int GamePlayed { get; set; }
    public int GameWon { get; set; }
    public int Rank { get; set; }
    public DateTime LastPlayedDate { get; set; }
    public DateTime JoinDate { get; set; }
    public bool Active { get; set; }
    public virtual User User { get; set; }
}

public class User
{
    public int Id { get; set; }
    public string UserName { get; set; }
    public string Email { get; set; }
    public string FirstName { get; set; }
    public string LastName { get; set; }
    public string Description { get; set; }
}

Query:
public IEnumerable<Player> GetPlayers(string colName, string filter,
        string sortOrder, int pageNumber, int pageSize)
    {
        var skip = pageNumber * pageSize;

        var results = (sortOrder == "asc") ?
            _context.Players.Where(p => p.Active)
            .OrderBy(p => EF.Property<object>(p, colName))
            .Skip(skip).Take(pageSize)
            .Include(p => p.User)
            :
            _context.Players.Where(p => p.Active)
            .OrderByDescending(p => EF.Property<object>(p, colName))
            .Skip(skip).Take(pageSize)
            .Include(p => p.User);

        return results;
    }


text:
Carex lidii — вид трав'янистих рослин родини осокові (Cyperáceae), поширений у Ґренландії та Шпіцбергені.

Таксономічні примітки
Carex lidii відомий з кількох місць Шпіцбергену і східної Ґренландії. Передбачалося, що це гібрид C. maritima x parallela. Øvstedal & Haaland (1996) кинули сумнів щодо цеї гіпотези. Тому тимчасово вважатимемо його видом, поки походження не з'ясоване. На Шпіцбергені дозрівання пилку чи плодів не спостерігалося й рослина поширюється за допомогою кореневищ. У Ґренландії не можна виключати можливість розмноження насінням, перш ніж рослину не буде більш ретельно вивчено.

Carex lidii чітко різниться від гаданого батька C. parallela тим, що має щільний кластер з кількох двостатевих колосків (C. parallela має тільки один, одностатевий колосок). Від C. maritima різниться значно темнішими колосками з темно-коричневими лусочками, значно вужчими колосками (довгасті), тоншими листками й стеблами і тим, що росте більш щільними килимами.

Опис
Це багаторічні трав'янисті рослини, які формують щільні килими, завдяки густо розгалуженій системі кореневищ. Сегменти кореневища тонкі з короткими відстанями (0.5–2 см) між повітряними пагонами. Стебла тонкі, 4–8 см завдовжки, 0.7–1 мм завширшки, висхідні, вигнуті або прямі, з 3–5 базальними листками, неясно трикутні, гладкі, не горбкуваті, зелений з виразно блідими ребрами. Листи ниткоподібні, 3–5 см завдовжки, тонкі, 0.4–0.7 мм завширшки, середня жилка злегка піднята на нижній поверхні, краї трішки або шершаво зубчасті в більшій частині своєї довжини, сірувато-зелені.

Квітка в Carex одностатева, без оцвітини, і підтримуються лускою. Чоловіча квітка складається з 3 тичинок. Визначальною структурою роду Carex є пляшкоподібний приквіток навколо кожної жіночої квітки. Колоски можуть бути одностатеві або двостатеві.

Суцвіття — щільний, вузький кластер з 2–4 колосків, 8–10 × 3–5 мм. Верхній колосок довгастий, 5–9 × 3–5 мм, з 7–10 жіночими квітками біля основи і на вершині кілька не розвинених чоловічих квіток. Бічні колоски аналогічні, але значно менші, з 1–4 жіночими квітками. Найнижчий приквіток ≈5 мм, коричневий з білим або жовтуватим напівпрозорим краєм. Луски 3–5 × 1–1.4 мм, яйцеподібні, підгострі, коричневі з дифузними, білими або жовтуватими напівпрозорими краями. Тичинки не спостерігалися.

Відтворення
Місцеве вегетативне розмноження розростанням кореневищ і, можливо, фрагментацією. Насіннєве розмноження не відоме. Килимки C. lidii можуть бути дуже довговічними (столітні, можливо, тисячолітні) і можуть бути фрагментовані рухами ґрунту. Див. також «Таксономічні примітки».

Поширення
Вид або гібрид поширений у Ґренландії та Шпіцбергені.

Населяє вологі луки й неглибокі болота, як правило, з досить густими, травами й мохами. Знайдений на субстратах з основною реакцією ґрунту (рН).

Джерела

 The Flora of Svalbard
 Pan-arctic flora
 eMonocot 1.0.5

lidii
Флора Європи
Флора Північної Америки
Рослини, описані 1944

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


In the opening week of the season, the team went 5-2. What are your impressions of how the season started?
We definitely had a busy week. But I think we have the potential to go far in the state tournament. We have a lot of seniors with experience and a lot of juniors that can step up.


Queen Margaret University in Musselburgh, Scotland was built in 1875 and is the first university to be built in Scotland in the 21st century. Rich in history and tradition, and with a mission and values focused on improving quality of life on both a local and worldwide scale, QMU has much to offer the modern student.
Formerly known as The Edinburgh School of Cookery, QMU was founded for two reasons; to be the center of the U.K.'s "Women's Movement" aimed at gaining educational equality for women, and to aid in the effort of improving the way working class families eat. Funded and supported in major part by Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll, the school went on to change history with its innovative contributions to the way cooking and dietary requirements were viewed by both Scotland's various school boards and military. In 1972, the name was changed to Queen Margaret University in order to allow for expansion and the inclusion of new fields of study.
A community focused facility, Queen Margaret University operates with respect and sharing in mind. Promoting equality and diversity, QMU has core values they believe are essential to carrying out their vision and mission: finding and supporting new and current methods of sustainability, producing confident and ambitious staff able to instill the same characteristics in students, an excellent reputation for teaching and the sharing of knowledge and research, and teaming up with people around the world to promote and support local and international enterprise. The university hosts many events, meetings and presentations on various topics from "How to choose different wedding anniversary gifts" to "Brexit effects" and "New research methodologies"
Offering degrees that range from the Arts and Social Sciences to Business Management and even into the health field, QMU is an ideal choice for the progressive thinking student ready to change the world for the better. Students can choose from a variety of subjects, have access to some of highest rated teachers in the U.K., and even contribute to cutting edge research in varying fields. Students would also have access to round the clock security and religious services in the University's Student Village with its all inclusive rentals, as well as the shops and sights of historic Musselburgh.
Choosing the right school to further one's education is an essential step in planning for the future. With its culture rich history, student focused approach to learning, and contributions to life altering research for people around the world, Queen Margaret University would be a prime choice for any forward thinking student.


Levels of political and democratic disenchantment have been rising in many European countries. Authoritarianism is sometimes seen as a plausible alternative to liberal democracy. Is democracy in danger? What sort of decision-makers and decision-making do we need in order to enhance citizens' involvement and strengthen democracy?
The EU Global Strategy on Foreign and Security Policy: Can It Deliver?
03: Act Digital, Think Real: Is the Internet a Democratic Space for Everyone?
08: Enlightenment in Europe: A New Social Contract for the Digital Age?
09: Why Do We Need a Common European Cultural Diplomacy?


text:
The push is on to honour a rock icon with roots in Port Dalhousie
Members of the group Rush are shown in this undated handout photo. (CTV News)
More than ten thousand people have signed an online petition to pay tribute to a local rock legend.
Rush drummer and lyricist Neil Peart passed away last week at the age of 67.
The rock icon grew up in Port Dalhousie and even wrote an ode to Lakeside Park.
St. Catharines Regional Councillor Kelly Edgar grew up with Peart in Port Dalhousie, and offers up what kind of statue he'd like to see at the park.
"Maybe a picture of him standing at the park entrance with his sticks in his back pocket and leaning on a sign that had the lyrics to Lakeside Park on it. That would be pretty cool I think."
St. Catharines Mayor Walter Sendzik says he will put forward a motion during the January 27th city council meeting to rename the pavilion at Lakeside Park after him.
"Let's get that named the Neil Peart Pavilion and let's look at other options such as putting something down there iconic that would draw people into Lakeside Park. Something that we can do to really recognize the individual who, in my opinion, is the best drummer to ever live in the world."
Peart died a week ago after a three-and-a-half year struggle with brain cancer.
Environment Canada has issued a snowfall warning for Niagara.
Should Ontario's spring bear hunt be permanent? Ontario holding consultations
The Ontario government is launching a public consultation on making the province's spring black bear hunt a permanent event.
It looks like children are getting hit hard this flu season in Canada.


text:
Rail Freight Group Supports HS2 Plans
Local Meeting Covers National Issues
UK – Although the latest meeting of the Rail Freight Group (RFG) yesterday was a regional affair held in Derby the location is particularly significant as the East Midlands is a significant generator of freight traffic, and is also at the crossroads of many through freight routes. The area is increasingly important as a distribution hub for cargo for the retail sector, which generates opportunities for modal shift and an increased use of rail.
The meeting gave attendee's the ability to discuss many national affairs relevant to the current, and future, situation of cargo carried by rail throughout the UK and beyond. Maggie Simpson RFG's Policy Manager pointed to the growth of intermodal traffic in recent years commenting that there appears to be real evidence of modal shift happening at the ports, in particular at the port of Southampton. She welcomed the recently published Initial Industry Plan (IIP) which sets out plans for what should be included in the next Control Period including capacity upgrades at Felixstowe and Southampton and gauge clearance.
The RFG are supporting the High Speed 2 (HS2) scheme whilst requesting for six freight paths per hour to be agreed as part of the project's scope for releasing freight capacity. Other positive notes include short sea boxes being used on low-deck wagons, something which was always thought impossible (details of which can been seen on our article last month) plus the new DB Schenker Polish service and the passing by Brussels of the 'flexibility package' in regard to Non-Road Mobile Machinery (NRMM), both of which were incorporated into another recent piece.
One topic hotly discussed was the Government's trial of longer lorries, a scheme bound to find a hostile reception in the rail freight community. The RFG seems now resigned that, with the ten year trial now in place, it must simply wait and see the results whilst doing all it can to increase efficiencies in the rail sector which indeed the new low slung box wagons are beginning to do. Ms Simpson will no doubt cover much of the ground again when she speaks at the Interactive Symposium on Intermodal Freight Transport in London tomorrow.
Simon Blake, National Rail Manager, Aggregate Industries, pointed out that bulk customers can be under represented sometimes with a lot of the focus on intermodal freight. He said around 1.4 million tonnes of aggregate were moved in 2010 in and around the East Midlands explaining how rail is by far more efficient than road for aggregate traffic's trunk haulage and offers excellent environmental benefits.
Some 50% of the product cost is transport and successful bulk traffic business is about volume. Currently trains are often length constrained making it vital to get the tonnage maximised on each service with other factors to consider including sources, depots and asset utilisation. Trunk haulage distance is always a key factor with customers varying in size and the market for sand and similar in the South East means the UK may make it necessary to import product after three years.


text:
Each kilo of bone supports up to five kilos of muscle
Tuesday, June 22nd, 2021
The skeleton you are bequeathed with, David Epstein explains (in The Sports Gene), has a lot to do with whether you will ever pack on the weight you need for a particular sport:
In measurements of thousands of elite athletes from soccer to weight lifting, wrestling, boxing, judo, rugby, and more, Holway has found that each kilogram (2.2 pounds) of bone supports a maximum of five kilograms (11 pounds) of muscle. Five-to-one, then, is a general limit of the human muscle bookcase.
Male Olympic strength athletes whom Holway has measured, like discus throwers and shot putters, have skeletons that are only about 6.5 pounds heavier than those of average men, but that translates to more than 30 pounds of extra muscle that they can carry with the proper training.
Training builds bone, muscle, and tendon. The bones in a pitcher's throwing arm are much denser than in his catching arm.
Steroids only build muscle, so roiders sometimes flex their muscles hard enough to break bones and tear off tendons.


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text: Q: OpenWRT image for OrangePi I need to build the OpenWRT image for OrangePi PC and|or OrangePi Plus board, preferably with working Ethernet and HDMI. I have studied related resources on the internet, like OpenWRT and linux-sunxi websites, but did not find clear instructions.


Keep up with the latest at HB&RA.
Monthly Meetings Are Usually Held The Second Tuesday Of Each Month. To Get Updated Information On Meeting Times, Dates, And Venues, Please Send Us Your E-Mail And We Will Send Monthly Meeting Information To You.


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text:
Panzer Divisions at War 1939-1945 (Paperback)
WWII D-Day & Normandy Tanks Photographic Books German Forces & Weaponry in WWII WWII Photographic Books Military
By Ian Baxter
Series: Images of War
Illustrations: 270 black and white illustrations
Last Released: 28th July 2020
You'll be £14.99 closer to your next £10.00 credit when you purchase Panzer Divisions at War 1939-1945. What's this?
Panzer Divisions at War 1939-1945 ePub (71.7 MB) Add to Basket £4.99
Panzer Divisions at War 1939-1945 Kindle (52.0 MB) Add to Basket £4.99
From the beginning in 1935 this attractive book describes the different elements that went into the Panzer-Divisions. It describes how the Germans carefully built up their assault forces utilizing all available reserves and resources into making an effective fighting machine. It depicts how these awesome formations grew to be used four years later in war, and provides much historical information and facts about the vehicles and its components that fought in all the campaigns of the war from the early victorious Blitzkrieg in Poland and France to the last ditch defence in Germany in 1945. Each chapter features unseen photographs of light tanks, main battle tanks, assault guns, anti-tank destroyers, artillery, reconnaissance units, support vehicles, pioneers with their bridge building platforms and the motorized infantry or Panzergrenadiers. This book is a visual treat for the military enthusiast and collector and a worthy addition to the Images of War series.
There are no reviews for this book. Register or Login now and you can be the first to post a review!
About Ian Baxter
Ian Baxter is a much-published author and photographic collector whose books draw an increasing following. Among his many previous titles in the Images of War Series are Hitler's Boy Soldiers, Nazi Concentration Camp Commandants, German Army on the Eastern Front – The Advance, German Army on the Eastern Front – The Retreat, The Crushing of Army Group (North) and Himmler's Death Squads. He also wrote the SS Waffen Division series including SS Leibstandarte Division, SS Totenkopf Division At War. He lives near Chelmsford, Essex.
More titles by Ian Baxter


ETC is a seven-piece high-energy instrumental fusion group that I started shortly after moving to Austin, Texas. We play modal improvisation music with jazz, rock, and blues roots influences. One of the goals of the group is to play improvisational music (tradionally thought of as "jazz") in a modern context, through the use of electronics and extended forms, and hopefully help bring jazz out of the place it often finds itself, as a museum piece or a thing of the past.
We've recorded an album called Kinetic that will was released in January of 2010 (iTunes). We also have a DVD/2 CD box set out from a performance at the Hideout Theatre in Austin. It was produced by that The Yellow House Studios and is available for purchase at hideoutdvd.com.
This is my three-piece horn section. We've officially been around for a couple of years, but we started a little before that as the horn section for Austin's funk band Flyjack.
We're now also featured as the horn section in Felan, an eight-piece soul band that my partner in crime, Alejandro Felan, and I started not too long ago as well as the cover band The Argyles.


text:
package com.github.badoualy.telegram.tl.api;

import com.github.badoualy.telegram.tl.TLContext;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;

import static com.github.badoualy.telegram.tl.StreamUtils.readTLObject;
import static com.github.badoualy.telegram.tl.StreamUtils.writeTLObject;
import static com.github.badoualy.telegram.tl.TLObjectUtils.SIZE_CONSTRUCTOR_ID;

/**
 * @author Yannick Badoual yann.badoual@gmail.com
 * @see http://github.com/badoualy/kotlogram
 */
public class TLPageBlockSubtitle extends TLAbsPageBlock {

    public static final int CONSTRUCTOR_ID = 0x8ffa9a1f;

    protected TLAbsRichText text;

    private final String _constructor = "pageBlockSubtitle#8ffa9a1f";

    public TLPageBlockSubtitle() {
    }

    public TLPageBlockSubtitle(TLAbsRichText text) {
        this.text = text;
    }

    @Override
    public void serializeBody(OutputStream stream) throws IOException {
        writeTLObject(text, stream);
    }

    @Override
    @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "SimplifiableConditionalExpression"})
    public void deserializeBody(InputStream stream, TLContext context) throws IOException {
        text = readTLObject(stream, context, TLAbsRichText.class, -1);
    }

    @Override
    public int computeSerializedSize() {
        int size = SIZE_CONSTRUCTOR_ID;
        size += text.computeSerializedSize();
        return size;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return _constructor;
    }

    @Override
    public int getConstructorId() {
        return CONSTRUCTOR_ID;
    }

    public TLAbsRichText getText() {
        return text;
    }

    public void setText(TLAbsRichText text) {
        this.text = text;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


AN ORDINANCE AMENDING CHAPTER 29C OF THE DULUTH CITY CODE, 1959, AS AMENDED, AND THE FAIR HOUSING SUPPLEMENT MADE A PART THEREOF.
(b) Relief Which May Be Granted.
(1) In a civil action under subsection (a), if the court finds that a discriminatory housing practice has occurred or is about to occur, the court may award to the plaintiff actual and punitive damages, and subject to subsection(d), may grant as relief, as that the court deems appropriate, including any permanent or temporary injunction, temporary restraining order, or other order (including an order enjoining the defendant from engaging in such practice, or ordering such affirmative action as may be appropriate).
(n) "City attorney" means the Duluth city attorney, his/her staff, or an attorney whose services have been secured by the Duluth human rights commission for purposes of processing a case under this ordinance. Any attorney, other than the Duluth city attorney's staff, shall have no authority to settle any case or claim without approval of the city attorney.
The Duluth human rights commission may delegate any of their functions, duties and power to employees of the City of Duluth Human Rights Office or to boards of such employees, including functions, duties, and powers with respect to investigating, conciliating, hearing, determining, ordering, certifying, reporting, or otherwise acting as to any work, business, or matter under this supplement.
(a) Enforcement of Subpoenas.–- The City attorney, on behalf of the Duluth human rights commission, or other party at whose request a subpoena is issued, under this supplement, may enforce such subpoena in appropriate proceedings. The human rights officer shall utilize the office of City attorney to obtain and/or enforce a subpoena of persons or documents, or things that are relevant to a charge or investigation.
(E) If at any time after the acceptance of a complaint, the human rights officer has reason to believe that prompt judicial action is necessary to carry out the purposes of this supplement, the human rights commission shall authorize the human rights officer to file a petition in district court seeking appropriate temporary relief as authorized in Section 29C-5(2).
Sec. 29C-11. Fair housing Act supplement adopted.
(o) "Creed" means a belief system.
(p) "Religion" means a system of beliefs, practices, and rituals relating to the sacred and also uniting its adherents in a community.
(q) The definitions set out in or adopted by Duluth City Code Section 29C, or its successor, are operative in this supplement.
(m) "Prevailing party" has the same meaning as such term has in section 722 of the Revised Statutes of the United States (42 U.S.C. 1988) means a litigant in a court of competent jurisdiction who has brought a claim based upon enforcement of this Fair Housing Supplement, or a defense against such a claim, and has been awarded by the court all, or a significant and important portion of, the relief sought.
(c) Attorney's Fees. In any civil action under section 10, the court, in its discretion, may allow the prevailing party, other than the City of Duluth, a reasonable attorney's fee and costs, but not to exceed $1,000 to the City of Duluth or $3,000 to any other prevailing party.
(2) In a civil action under subsection (a), the court, in its discretion, may allow the prevailing party, other than the City of Duluth, a reasonable attorney's fee and costs, but not to exceed $1,000 to the City of Duluth or $3,000 to any other prevailing party. The City of Duluth shall be liable for such fees and costs to the same extent as a private person.
Section 12.That this ordinance shall take effect and be in force 30 days from and after its passage and publication.
STATEMENT OF PURPOSE: This ordinance amends our existing ordinance as suggested by HUD so that the city qualifies for a substantial grant.


text:
Q: Build scroller in nodejs I want to build a scroller in nodeJS, that will give me specific element's value of  a webpage.
I don't know how it works, but I think something like this:
let title = await Scroll.get(url).contain('div#main h1#title').innerHTML

I saw such things in JS, but I want to do that in the server.

A: It's me again...
I've found an answer to my problem.
You can do this to get the whole page

const request = require("request");

let options = {
    uri: `www.google.com`
}

request(options,(error, response, body) => {
    if(error) throw(error);
    console.log(body);
});

You can also use it like a promise :
function getWebpage(uri){
    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
        const options = {
            uri: uri
        }
        request(options,(error, response, body) => {
            if(error) reject(error);
            resolve(body);
        });
    });
}

getWebpage('www.google.com')
    .then(res => console.log(res))
    .catch(err => console.log(err));

Note : From what I've seen, you have to get the entire webpage. If you saw else, I'd happy to know