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Here's why brands can no longer just sit back and watch racial injustice
BY Fast Company	4 MINUTE READ
Leading content strategist, Linda Ong, is the chief culture officer of Civic Entertainment Group, a US-based marketing services company serving clients such as HBO Verizon, Airbnb, and Facebook. She was also named one of Fast Company's Most Creative People in business in 2014 and has an in-depth perspective on the way culture, branding and marketing collide. Amid the mounting Black Lives Matter protests, which are continuing to gain momentum in cities in America and across the globe, she gives her insight on how brands need to navigate and stand behind the movement:
This morning, I woke up angry. And sad. And embarrassed.
Back in mid-March, the weekend preceding the near-national quarantine (remember when that was our biggest worry?), I wrote an optimistic op-ed entitled "4 Ways Your Brand Can Be A Good Citizen."
'Today, when people lack faith in government and other establishments, consumers increasingly depend on nontraditional and new ways to fill the voids of critical infrastructure and information. Culture now looks to brands to intervene on their behalf, by stepping up to address a higher need: one of selflessness. Today, brands need to be good citizens."
In it, I detailed different degrees of actions brands could take — from low-stakes "we're with you" messaging to radically redeploying factories and resources — to directly address the epidemic and contribute to the society they profit from.
In early April, it was published by Advertising Week, and right around that time, a steady drumbeat of brands stepped up to the challenge, responding to both internal and external cultural pressures. Surveys at the time indicated consumers very much wanted guidance and reassurance from the brands they trusted most.
And while many businesses have sought to address the public health emergency in admirable ways, COVID-19 also exposed the systemic inequities and painful injustices countires can no longer deny. Well before the protests across the US this weekend, the privilege of consumerism was already in the crosshairs of culture. In what was fast becoming a well-intentioned cliché, more and more commercials employed the same type of music, language, and footage epitomized by parody spots like "Every COVID-19 Commercial is Exactly the Same."
And then on May 25th, George Floyd was captured on video, struggling to breathe under the knee of a white police officer in Minneapolis, who only let up two minutes after Mr. Floyd took his last, halting gasp.
Soon after the news broke, LeBron James posted side-by-side images of the officer kneeling on Floyd juxtaposed with Colin Kaepernick, saying "This… is Why" the sidelined quarterback took a knee during the national anthem. "Do you understand now!!??!!??" the star athlete urged.
Apparently Nike did. The company, well-known for airing its social stances, released its support of the peaceful protests with a cleverly crafted but simple message that was so intentionally off-brand, it was spot-on. "Don't Do It," the ad quietly urged.
"Don't pretend there's not a problem in America. Don't turn your back on racism. Don't accept innocent lives being taken from us. Don't make any more excuses. Don't think this doesn't affect you. Don't sit back and be silent. Don't think you won't be part of the change. Let's all be part of the change."
The impetus for like #BlackLivesMatter and sweeping journalism such as Nikole Hannah-Jones's prize winning 1619 Project, which exhort white America to open its eyes to the crisis behind the centuries of racial discrimination and the criminalization of black citizens, has never felt more urgent. But over the past few nights, after lawful civic gatherings escalated into fiery street riots, I realized things have gotten unbelievably complicated. It left me feeling impotent and frustrated about how to realize actionable ideas.
IF BRANDS WERE THE VOICE OF REASON DURING THE PANDEMIC, WHAT SHOULD THEIR ROLE BE NOW?
To start, our society is not dealing with a race war or cultural war here. And we may well be on the brink of the next Civil War. But what we are experiencing in 2020 is an unprecedented and multidimensional clash of ideological, social, economic, geopolitical, and environmental implosions.
We are in a perfect storm, a situtation where a rare combination of circumstances dramatically aggravates and intensifies the event.
The global pandemic laid bare for all the stories of lower-wage and marginalized groups that all of society depends on—and who are dying at a higher rate, with fewer healthcare options.
At the same time, the economic devastation of the lockdown has put the highest pressure on those very same people, exacerbating mental health issues and domestic abuse.
On the political front, COVID-19 has accelerated extremism, which President Trump seems to relish, encouraging the anti-lockdown protesters and the politicization of face masks. It has oddly united the fringe elements of his base (including the alt-right, conspiracy theorists, and white supremacists) and the far-left Antifa movement, who share a common radical core. Both are now literally stoking the fires of anarchy—violently infiltrating peaceful protests and looting shops and businesses as a sick form of chaos profiteering.
This perfect storm of existential threats come on top of the long and well-documented history of police brutality in black communities that serves as the tinder box in the time of COVID-19. George Floyd was the match that ignited the flame. Who will put it out?
BRANDS NEED TO BECOME ACTIVISTS
Thankfully, there's no shortage of powerful voices calling for a national reckoning. (I recommend Roxane Gay's latest powerful op-ed, "Remember, No One Is Coming To Save Us.") And many CEOs and companies have expressed their support for the protesters, pleading for—and committing to—tolerance and understanding.
But now that brands have proved they can step up to fill the voids of ineffective and failing institutions during the pandemic, they should put themselves equally in the foreground today. Or at least put some skin in the game beyond feel-good messages that today feel more obligatory than outraged.
We need brands to behave like activists — to be fiery, passionate advocates campaigning for social action. As a first step, marketers can take the same playbook they used for the novel coronavirus, and apply it to the current crisis. Here are some basic questions to start with:
Help society: How can you reorient your business to address the challenge at hand, without regard to profit?
Direct customers to take action: What ways can you suggest for consumers to address the crisis through the lens of your bran
Support employees: How can you demonstrate your brand's commitment to its values by how employees are cared for?
Share perspective: How can you provide hope and empathy from your brand's POV?
Admittedly, the last point is the toughest for brands. It's easy to express support and reassurance, but empathizing with anger, frustration and other explosive emotions people are feeling right now is typically something brands shy away from (Patagonia being a notable exception). But if COVID-19 has taught us anything, it's that shareholders and executive pay cannot be the priority right now. This crisis goes beyond partisan politics and press releases. We want, no we need, brands to share human values.
There is only one side to take, and that is of humanity. How can brands help push us to the right side of history? What can your brand do to activate change?
Article originally published on fastcompany.com
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Very slow, very overstable midrange with no bead.


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text:
La Paloma – miasto w Urugwaju, w departamencie Durazno.

Miasta w Urugwaju

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Other Stuff November 26, 2019 <November 27, 2019
Selfridges opens the chicest place to watch a movie in London
by Ekta Joshi
Have you ever felt like catching a movie in the middle of running errands? Well, to help you do so (and all others who'd like to kill time while their spouses/friends shop away to glory), Selfridges has recently opened doors to a one-of-its-kind, first in-store cinema in the world! Yes, that's right!
Located at its Oxford Street flagship and opened in association with boutique operator Olympic Studios, the movie hall will present shoppers a chance to watch the latest blockbusters along with classic cinema and independent films, all while (or right after) shopping for groceries! The cinema will be open all year round and will feature access directly from street level for viewings/shows outside store timings.
Selfridges' iconic cinema will boast a 70-seat main screen, with a second 59-seater and a third 28-seater as well. It will further be complete with state-of-art DOLBY ATMOS surround sound and latest projection technology along with reclining seats, individual tables and an underground bar for a complete experience.
Commenting on the first department store cinema, Olympic Studios founder Stephen Burdge said, 'We like interesting spaces and iconic buildings,' He further added, 'Our USP is sound and we've come to Selfridges with the same recording-studio-quality speakers…Like at our other sites, we're using the comfiest Norwegian reclining seats. 'We've (even) spent a lot of time finding bags that don't rustle and food that doesn't smell.'
All said, this just elevates our shopping experience to a whole new level!
[Via:RetailGazette]
Movie, Selfridges
The Space race continues – This time Russian moviemakers are in a race to beat Tom Cruise to the International Space Station
Beating Tom Cruise to become the first actor to shoot in space – Russian Actress Yulia Peresild blasted off into the orbit to film a first-of-its-kind movie onboard the International Space Station.
Aston Martin releases a pair of limited-edition cars to celebrate the upcoming James Bond movie
Elizabeth Taylor's Cleopatra cape sold at auction
Selfridges one of the UK's biggest retailers has banned the sale of carbonated drinks in single-use plastic bottles
Moët & Chandon champagne vending machine introduced at Selfridges
Covered in bright pastels this colorful movie theater in Ho Chi Minh City looks like something straight from a Wes Anderson movie
Revel in a scene from a classic French movie for $4,493 a night in Cannes
The World's Largest Shoe Department to open at Selfridges, London
Previous articleBottega Veneta has opened its first-ever cafe serving Italian aperitivo and wine
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Melampyrum  L. 1753  è un genere di piante spermatofite dicotiledoni appartenenti alla famiglia delle Orobanchaceae (tribù Rhinantheae), dall'aspetto di piccole erbacee annuali o perenni spesso colorate con vivaci tinte nella parte apicale.

Etimologia
Il nome del genere deriva da due parole greche:  "mélas" (= nero) e "pyrós" (= grano), un nome usato da Teofrasto (371 a.C. – Atene, 287 a.C.), un filosofo e botanico greco antico, discepolo di Aristotele, autore di due ampi trattati botanici, per una pianta infestante delle colture di grano.

Il nome scientifico del genere è stato proposto da Carl von Linné (1707 – 1778) biologo e scrittore svedese, considerato il padre della moderna classificazione scientifica degli organismi viventi, nella pubblicazione "Species Plantarum – 2: 605" del 1753.

Descrizione

Queste piante in genere superano di poco il mezzo metro di altezza. La forma biologica prevalente è terofita scaposa (T scap), ossia in generale sono piante erbacee che differiscono dalle altre forme biologiche poiché, essendo annuali, superano la stagione avversa sotto forma di seme e sono munite di asse fiorale eretto e spesso privo di foglie. Inoltre sono piante "emiparassite": possono vivere sulle radici di altre piante per prelevare acqua e sali minerali, mentre sono capaci di svolgere la funzione clorofilliana (al contrario delle piante "parassite assolute"). Alcune piante di questa specie anneriscono durante la disseccazione.

Radici
Le radici sono tipo fittone.

Fusto
La parte aerea del fusto è eretta, più o meno ramosa.

Foglie

Le foglie lungo il caule sono disposte in modo opposto e in genere hanno una forma lanceolata con apice acuto; sono subsessili; le maggiori possiedono alla base 1 - 2 lacinie patenti per lato. In alcune specie i margini sono interi, o appena ondulati sui bordi e il portamento è lievemente falcato.

Infiorescenza

L'infiorescenza è una spiga conica non troppo densa con i fiori disposti in alcune specie tutti dallo stesso lato e con brattee simili a foglie, più o meno violacee. La lamina delle brattee ha una forma da lanceolata a ovata e alla base su ciascun lato ha alcune lacinie lesiniformi, acutissime e più o meno aristate. Il colore delle brattee varia secondo la specie: giallo chiaro quasi verde, violetto o purpureo.

Fiore

I fiori sono ermafroditi, zigomorfi e tetraciclici (con i quattro verticilli fondamentali delle Angiosperme: calice – corolla – androceo – gineceo). Sono inoltre più o meno pentameri.

Formula fiorale: per questa pianta viene indicata la seguente formula fiorale:
X, K (4), [C (2+3), A 2+2], G (2), (supero), capsula

Calice: il calice (gamosepalo) è un tubo terminante con 4 denti uguali oppure no, diritti, filiformi o triangolari; il calice è pubescente per peli appressati anche di tipo lanoso. I denti sono patenti e sono lunghi da poco più del tubo fino al doppio di quest'ultimo.
Corolla: la corolla bilabiata (gamopetala) è tubolare (a volte il tubo è incurvato). Le fauci sono sia aperte che chiuse. Il colore varia dal giallo al bianco oppure dal roseo al violetto.
Androceo: gli stami dell'androceo sono quattro didinami; sono inseriti nel tubo corollino, in particolare ascendono sotto il labbro superiore della corolla. Le antere sono conniventi ed hanno una loggia portante un cornetto allungato. Le sacche polliniche hanno l'estremità inferiore a forma di freccia,
Gineceo: i carpelli del gineceo sono due e formano un ovario supero biloculare (derivato dai due carpelli iniziali). Lo stilo è unico lievemente più lungo degli stami ed è inserito all'apice dell'ovario; lo stimma è bifido.

Frutti
Il frutto è del tipo a capsula deiscente a quattro semi; la forma è obovato-compressa bivalve.

Riproduzione
Impollinazione: l'impollinazione avviene tramite insetti (impollinazione entomogama).
Riproduzione: la fecondazione avviene fondamentalmente tramite l'impollinazione dei fiori (vedi sopra).
Dispersione: i semi cadendo a terra sono successivamente dispersi soprattutto da insetti tipo formiche (disseminazione mirmecoria). Le formiche sono attratte da un piccolo corpo di olio inglobato nel seme stesso. Inoltre nella parte inferiore delle brattee sono presenti delle ghiandole nettarifere che attirano i bombi e altri insetti pronubi.

Biologia
Queste piante sono emiparassite, ossia in parte producono clorofilla e sono capaci di assorbire in modo autonomo i minerali dal terreno, ma hanno anche la capacità di utilizzare le sostanze prodotte dalle piante a loro vicine (funzione parassitaria). I meccanismo con il quale assorbono le sostanze di altre piante è basato su piccoli austori posti al livello radicale. La pianta ospite può accettare di buon grado questo insediamento (come la specie Festuca ovina) oppure può opporsi con secrezioni di sostanze tossiche. A questo proposito sono state fatte delle ricerche su alcune piante come l'loglio, l'erba medica e il lino: si è rilevato che la specie Melampyrum arvense cresce meglio nelle vicinanze della leguminosa erba medica. Se l'infestazione nelle colture di cereali supera un certo livello, la farina prodotta è più scura, con un particolare odore e dal sapore più acre e disgustoso dovuto al glucoside velenoso "rinantina".

Distribuzione e habitat
Il genere Melampyrum è distribuito in Europa, India, Giappone e Nord America; le sue specie preferiscono climi per lo più temperati delle regioni extratropicali.

Distribuzione e habitat alpino
Della dozzina di specie spontanee della flora italiana 10 vivono sull'arco alpino. La tabella seguente mette in evidenza alcuni dati relativi all'habitat, al substrato e alla distribuzione delle specie alpine.

Sistematica
La famiglia di appartenenza del genere (Orobanchaceae) comprende soprattutto piante erbacee perenni e annuali semiparassite (ossia contengono ancora clorofilla a parte qualche genere completamente parassita) con uno o più austori connessi alle radici ospiti. È una famiglia abbastanza numerosa con circa 60 - 90 generi e oltre 1700 - 2000 specie (il numero dei generi e delle specie dipende dai vari metodi di classificazione) distribuiti in tutti i continenti. Il genere Melampyrum comprende circa 30 - 40 specie di cui una dozzina sono presenti nella flora spontanea italiana.

Filogenesi

La classificazione tassonomica del Melampyrum è in via di definizione in quanto fino a poco tempo fa apparteneva alla famiglia delle Scrophulariaceae (secondo la classificazione ormai classica di Cronquist), mentre ora con i nuovi sistemi di classificazione filogenetica (classificazione APG) è stata assegnata alla famiglia delle Orobanchaceae e tribù Rhinantheae..

Secondo una recente ricerca di tipo filogenetico la famiglia Orobanchaceae è composta da 6 cladi principali nidificati uno all'interno dell'altro. Il genere Melampyrum si trova nel penultimo clade più interno (relativo alla tribù Rhinantheae) insieme ai generi Bartsia, Lathraea, Rhinanthus, Rhynchocorys, Parentucellia, Euphrasia, Tozzia e Odontites. In particolare nella ricerca citata il genere Melampyrum risulta "gruppo fratello" del gruppo principale (o "core") del "Clade V". Il cladogramma a lato, tratto dalla ricerca citata e semplificato, mostra la posizione filogenetica di alcune specie del genere.

All'interno del genere sono descritti alcuni gruppi le cui specie sono difficilmente distinguibili tra di loro in quanto hanno dei caratteri morfologici molto simili. Sul territorio italiano sono presenti i seguenti due gruppi principali (più altri secondari):

Gruppo M. arvense circoscritto dai seguenti caratteri:
le brattee dell'infiorescenza all'antesi sono generalmente purpuree (raramente giallastre);
i fiori dell'infiorescenza sono rivolti in tutte le direzioni;
la capsula è completamente glabra con la deiscenza antero-posteriore.
A questo gruppo appartengono quattro specie (nella flora spontanea italiana):
Melampyrum arvense L. - Spigarola campestre: il tubo del calice è lungo 12 - 18 mm ed è cigliato sul bordo e sui nervi. L'altezza della pianta varia da 2 a 4 dm; il ciclo biologico è annuo; la forma biologica è terofita scaposa (T scap); il tipo corologico è Eurasiatico; l'habitat tipico sono i campi di cereali, gli incolti e le siepi; questa pianta si trova in tutta l'Italia (isole escluse) fino ad un'altitudine di 1720 .
Melampyrum barbatum W. et K. - Spigarola pubescente: il tubo del calice è lungo 8 - 12 mm ed è densamente lanoso. L'altezza della pianta varia da 2 a 5 dm; il ciclo biologico è annuo; la forma biologica è terofita scaposa (T scap); il tipo corologico è Illirico; l'habitat tipico sono i campi di cereali, i prati aridi, gli incolti e le siepi; questa pianta si trova nel Nord-Est fino ad un'altitudine di 800 .
Melampyrum fimbriatum Vandas - Spigarola fimbriata: i denti del calice sono lunghi 1,5 - 2 volte il tubo che è glabro. L'altezza della pianta va da 3 a 5 dm; il ciclo biologico è annuo; la forma biologica è terofita scaposa (T scap); il tipo corologico è Illirico; l'habitat tipico sono i pascoli aridi; questa pianta si trova raramente nel Nord-Est fino ad un'altitudine di 400 .
Melampyrum variegatum Huter, P. et R. - Spigarola screziata: i denti del calice sono lunghi quanto il tubo che è glabro. L'altezza della pianta va da 2 a 4 dm; il ciclo biologico è annuo; la forma biologica è terofita scaposa (T scap); il tipo corologico è Endemico; l'habitat tipico sono le garighe e i pascoli aridi; questa pianta si trova raramente solamente al Sud fino ad un'altitudine compresa tra 600 - 1100 .

Gruppo M. nemorosum circoscritto dai seguenti caratteri:
le brattee superiori dell'infiorescenza all'antesi sono generalmente colorate di violetto;
i fiori dell'infiorescenza sono rivolti tutti nella stessa direzione;
A questo gruppo appartengono sei specie (relativamente alla flora spontanea italiana):
sottogruppo con il tubo calicino ricoperto di peli patenti o ripiegati verso il basso;
Melampyrum nemorosum L. - Spigarola violacea: i peli del tubo sono solamente di tipo patente formati da 5 - 10 cellule e lunghi più o meno 0,5 mm. L'altezza della pianta va da 1 a 4 dm; il ciclo biologico è annuo; la forma biologica è terofita scaposa (T scap); il tipo corologico è Eurasiatico; l'habitat tipico sono i boschi querco-carpineti; questa pianta si trova raramente solamente nel bresciano-bergamasco fino ad un'altitudine di 1000 .
Melampyrum vaudense (Ronn.) Soò: i peli del tubo sono solamente di tipo patente formati da 2 - 3 cellule e lunghi meno di 0,2 mm. L'altezza della pianta va da 2 a 5 dm; il ciclo biologico è annuo; la forma biologica è terofita scaposa (T scap); il tipo corologico è Ovest Alpico; l'habitat tipico sono i boschi querco-carpineti; questa pianta si trova in Piemonte (?) fino ad un'altitudine di 1000 .
Melampyrum catalaunicum Freyn. - Spigarola di Catalogna: i peli del tubo inferiore sono rivolti verso il basso, quelli del tubo superiore sono eretti o patenti e sono formati da 5 - 8 cellule e sono lunghi più o meno 0,5 mm. L'altezza della pianta va da 2 a 4 dm; il ciclo biologico è annuo; la forma biologica è terofita scaposa (T scap); il tipo corologico è Orofita - Nord Ovest Mediterraneo; l'habitat tipico sono i boschi di latifoglie; questa pianta si trova raramente solamente in Liguria fino ad una altitudine compresa fra 500 - 1200 .
Melampyrum italicum (Beauverd) Soò - Spigarola d'Italia: i peli del tubo inferiore sono rivolti verso il basso, quelli del tubo superiore sono eretti o patenti e sono formati da 2 cellule e sono lunghi più o meno 0,1 mm. L'altezza della pianta va da 2 a 5 dm; il ciclo biologico è annuo; la forma biologica è terofita scaposa (T scap); il tipo corologico è Endemico; l'habitat tipico sono i boschi di latifoglie (quercete e faggete), i boschi cedui e le aree a cespuglieti; questa pianta si trova in tutta l'Italia fino ad una altitudine di 1400 .
sottogruppo con il tubo calicino ricoperto di peli eretti;
Melampyrum velebiticum Borbàs - Spigarola del Velebit: i peli sono formati da 2 cellule e sono lunghi più o meno 0,1 mm. L'altezza della pianta va da 2 a 4 dm; il ciclo biologico è annuo; la forma biologica è terofita scaposa (T scap); il tipo corologico è Illirico; l'habitat tipico sono i boschi termofili, le aree a cespuglieti e i boschi cedui; questa pianta si trova comunemente nel Nord-Est fino ad una altitudine di 800 .
Melampyrum subalpinum (Juratzka) Kerner:  i peli sono formati da 3 - 6 cellule (forse presente nel Trentino). L'altezza della pianta va da 2 a 4 dm; il ciclo biologico è annuo; la forma biologica è terofita scaposa (T scap); il tipo corologico è Est Alpico; l'habitat tipico sono i boschi termofili, le aree a cespuglieti e i boschi cedui; questa pianta si trova nel Trentino-Alto Adige (?) fino ad una altitudine di 800 .

Il disegno a lato mostra i caratteri del calice e delle brattee dei cinque gruppi di Melampyrum.
Gruppo A: M. cristatum
Gruppo B: M. arvense, M. barbatum, M. fimbriatum e M. variegatum
Gruppo C: M. nemorosum, M. catalaunicum, M. italicum e M. velebiticum
Gruppo D: M. sylvaticum
Gruppo E: M. pratense

Variabilità
Varie specie di questo genere sono soggette al fenomeno del "polimorfismo stagionale". In particolare a quote basse dapprima si ha la fioritura "estivale" e quindi quella "autunnale". A quote più alte (alta montagna) a causa del più breve periodo di fioritura si ha una sola forma intermedia chiamata "monomorfa". Ad esempio il Melampyrum arvense collegato alla coltura dei cereali si presenta con un particolare aspetto monomorfo chiamato "segetale".

Specie spontanee della flora italiana
Per meglio comprendere ed individuare le varie specie del genere (solamente per le specie spontanee della flora italiana) l'elenco che segue utilizza in parte il sistema delle chiavi analitiche..

Gruppo 1A: la lamina basale delle brattee inferiori è cuoriforme, con denti sui bordi ed una appendice lineare lunga 2 – 3 mm; i denti superiori del calice sono lunghi il doppio di quelli inferiori;
Melampyrum cristatum L. - Spigarola dentellata : l'altezza della pianta va da 15 a 40 cm; il ciclo biologico è annuo; la forma biologica è terofita scaposa (T scap); il tipo corologico è Eurasiatico; l'habitat tipico sono i boschi chiari, i boschi cedui e le zone a cespuglieti; questa pianta si trova al Nord e al Centro fino ad una altitudine di 1000 .
Gruppo 1B: la porzione laminare delle brattee ha una forma da lanceolata a ovata, i bordi sono interi o dentati, non esiste una precisa distinzione tra lamina basale e appendice; i denti del calice sono più o meno uguali;
Gruppo 2A: i denti del calice sono diritti; le piante non anneriscono dopo l'antesi;
Gruppo 3A: all'antesi il colore delle brattee è purpureo o violetto; i denti del calice sono lesiniformi; la corolla è lunga 15 - 30 mm;
Gruppo di Melampyrum arvense (vedi sopra): l'infiorescenza è compatta con i fiori rivolti in tutti i sensi.
Gruppo di Melampyrum nemorosum (vedi sopra): l'infiorescenza è interrotta alla base, e i fiori sono rivolti tutti da uno stesso lato.
Gruppo 3B: le brattee sono colorate di verde; la forma dei denti del calice è triangolare;  la corolla è lunga 6 - 8 mm;
Melampyrum sylvaticum L. - Spigarola delle foreste: l'altezza della pianta va da 20 a 40 cm; il ciclo biologico è annuo; la forma biologica è terofita scaposa (T scap); il tipo corologico è Europeo; l'habitat tipico sono i boschi di conifere e le zone a cespuglieti subalpini; questa pianta si trova al Nord e al Centro fino ad una altitudine compresa tra 800 e 2200 .
Gruppo 2B: i denti del calice sono piegati a falce; la pianta si annerisce dopo l'antesi; le brattee prima dell'antesi sono verdi;
Melampyrum pratense L. - Spigarola bianca: l'altezza della pianta va da 5 a 40 cm; il ciclo biologico è annuo; la forma biologica è terofita scaposa (T scap); il tipo corologico è Eurosiberiano; l'habitat tipico sono i boschi su suolo umidificato acido; questa pianta si trova solamente al Nord fino ad una altitudine compresa tra 100 e 1800 .

Specie europee
Oltre alle specie presenti nella flora spontane italiana, nel resto dell'Europa sono presenti le seguenti altre specie:
Melampyrum alboffianum Beauverd, 1916
Melampyrum ambiguum  Soó, 1927 - Distribuzione: Romania
Melampyrum bihariense  A. Kern., 1881 - Distribuzione: Penisola Balcanica (settentrionale)
Melampyrum bohemicum  A. Kern., 1881 - Distribuzione: Repubblica Ceca e Slovacchia
Melampyrum caucasicum  Bunge, 1858
Melampyrum chlorostachyum  Beauverd, 1961 - Distribuzione: Ucraina e Armenia
Melampyrum ciliatum  Boiss. & Heldr., 1856 - Distribuzione: Grecia
Melampyrum degenianum  Soó, 1825 - Distribuzione: ex. Jugoslavia
Melampyrum doerfleri  Ronniger, 1918 - Distribuzione: Albania e Serbia
Melampyrum elatius  (Boiss.) Soó, 1927
Melampyrum heracleoticum  Boiss. & Orph., 1879 - Distribuzione: Albania e Serbia
Melampyrum herbichii  Wolł., 1887 - Distribuzione: Europa orientale
Melampyrum hoermannianum  K. Malý, 1899 - Distribuzione: Serbia
Melampyrum mulkijanianii  T. N. Popova, 1980 - Distribuzione: Armenia
Melampyrum polonicum  (Beauverd) Soó, 1927 - Distribuzione: Europa (centrale e orientale)
Melampyrum saxosum  Baumg., 1816 - Distribuzione: Europa orientale
Melampyrum scardicum  Wettst., 1892 - Distribuzione: Albania, Serbia e Bulgaria
Melampyrum stenophyllum  Boiss., 1879
Melampyrum trichocalycinum  Vandas, 1890 - Distribuzione: Serbia

Alcune specie

Note

Bibliografia

Schede tecniche - Euphrasia officinalis L. Rivista scientifica Natural1, anno II, dicembre 2002, pag. 72

Voci correlate
Generi di Orobanchaceae

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni
Melampyrum EURO MED - PlantBase Checklist Database
Melampyrum IPNI Database

Orobanchaceae
Taxa classificati da Linneo


Gig work appears to function best for Baby Boomers as a way to bridge to retirement and make ends meet.
Millennials seem to embrace gig work as a means of balancing work/life demands, but have financial wellness challenges.
Gen Xers appear to be the least financially secure gig workers and the least satisfied with their current situation.
Millennial gig workers are most likely to have financial wellness challenges due to low income, high debt levels, low homeownership rates, and limited access to employer-sponsored benefits – all of which can leave a family with young children especially vulnerable financially.
Gen X gig workers are most likely to struggle financially and work the most hours per week of any generation, but still earn less than the average Boomer gig worker.
Baby Boomer gig workers are most likely to start gig work due to circumstances beyond their control, and use it as a way to make ends meet.
You may also be interested in other Gig Economy topics.


Gorgeous and beautiful beach blankets are a boho babe essential and favourite. Handmade from 100% Cotton with ethnic mandala design. They can be used for the beach, as a wall hanging or on a bed or anywhere you like.
This Beautiful Tapestry is neither quilted nor woven.
Each tapestry has its unique imperfections due to handmade work.
As this item is hand screen printed so each piece can slightly vary. Sometimes there may have some minor defects like unfastened fiber, imperfect edges or stain of color / dye, etc.
1. This beautiful roundie is neither quilted nor woven. It is printed.
2. Each roundie has its unique imperfections due to handmade work.
3. As this item is handmade hence, please allow some size variation from mentioned measurement.
4. As this item is handmade hence, it may not be exact round.
6. As this item is hand screen printed so each piece can slightly vary.
7. Sometimes there may have some minor defects like unfastened fiber, imperfect edges or stain of color / dye, etc.
8. As these roundies are hand dyed, color fastness is not guarantee.


Mark your calendar, put on something red and your sassiest attitude.
This weekend, it's all Rouge.
This entry was posted in Second Life and tagged Codebastard Redgrave, I <3 Rouge, Rouge on September 25, 2012 by Gidge Uriza.


Trails At Brittany is a subdivision within the city of Champaign, Illinois. There are currently 12 Homes for Sale within Trails At Brittany, with asking prices ranging from $265,000 to $850,000. The average list price per square foot of the available inventory in Trails At Brittany is $161, which is above the Champaign average of $105. The Average Sales price of all sold real estate in this subdivision for the past year is $512,833. Recent comparable homes have been selling for 84.07% of their asking price. Waterfront homes represent 25.00% of the available Trails At Brittany inventory. The population of Champaign, according to the 2010 Census, is 81,055. The total number of households in the zip code of Trails At Brittany is 8,776, with an average household size for of 2.46 people. The total number of renter households within the zip code of 61822 is 2,349, which means that 73.23% of households in this zipcode are owner occupant households.
4409 CURTIS MEADOW, Champaign IL 61822 is a Home, with 6 bedrooms which is recently sold, it has 0 sqft, 0 sized lot, and 3 parking. A comparable Home, has 5 bedrooms and 3.5 baths, it was built in and is located at 1904 MULLIKIN Drive CHAMPAIGN Illinois 61822 and for sale by its owner at $ 459,900. This home is located in the city of CHAMPAIGN , in zip code 61822, this Champaign County Home, it is in the Trails at Brittany Subdivision, and IRONWOOD WEST are nearby neighborhoods.


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Just Announced: Jason Donovan 'Even More Good Reasons' UK & Ireland Tour!
It's the news you've been waiting for, Jason Donovan is back with his MASSIVE tour 'Even More Good Reasons'. With over 50 dates across the tour, this is one fans certainly cannot miss! Pre-sale tickets and VIP packages are available now by signing up here: http://bit.ly/JDPreReg
General sale tickets are live this Monday at 9am so set your reminders! http://bit.ly/JasonDonovanTour
Jason Donovan came into our lives in the late 80s as Scott Robinson in the hit Australian series, 'Neighbours'. Throughout 1988/89 he had several hits and his album 'Ten Good Reasons' was the best-selling album of 1989. His hits included 'Too Many Broken Hearts','Especially For You' (with Kylie Minogue), 'Any Dream Will Do', 'Sealed With A Kiss', 'When You Come Back to Me', 'Everyday', "Nothing Can Divide Us' and many more.
Since then, he has rarely been away from stage or screen. Jason's record-breaking run in 'Joseph' in the early 90s preceded 'The Rocky Horror Show', 'Chitty Chitty Bang Bang', 'Priscilla', and 'The Sound of Music', 'Annie Get Your Gun', 'The King's Speech', 'Million Dollar Quartet' and Jeff Wayne's 'The War Of The Worlds'.Jason performed at Concert For Diana, made the 'I'm A Celebrity' and 'Strictly Come Dancing' finals, found his Australian ancestors on 'Who Do You Think You Are' and in 2018/19, travelled the country, completing 125 shows on his Amazing Midlife Crisis Tour including a sold-out week at the Edinburgh Fringe.
Jason recently worked on his first theatre producing project, Priscilla, Queen of the Desert and spent the summer back at the London Palladium as Pharaoh in the sold-out Joseph and his Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat. Jason can't wait to play his first music concert tour in four years with his 'Even More Good Reasons' Tour. Don't miss it!
TEG | MJR launches new promotions company TEG | MJR ÉIRE
Go West – 35th Anniversary Celebration with a Live Orchestra + Cutting Crew Just Announced!
The Brickman Experience Is Back In Leicester!
TEG MJR
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@OMBPress
July 19, 2011 at 6:00 AM ET by Kenneth Baer
The Office of Management and Budget's communications shop joins the Twitterverse to give the American people insight into the work we do in 140 characters or less. Follow @OMBPress on Twitter.
We deal with a lot of big numbers in our daily work here at OMB, but now we will start focusing on a small one: 140.
Yes, OMB's communications shop is joining the Twitterverse to give the American people insight into the work we do in 140 characters or less.
We hope to use this outlet to bring attention both to the important budget and fiscal issues before us and to the full range of initiatives that OMB is involved with including regulations, information technology, Executive Orders and Presidential Memoranda, federal contracting, the management of the federal government, the President's Campaign to Cut Waste, statements of Administration policy, and statistical standards and practices.
I'll be the main person behind the account for now, and others from the OMB communications team will pitch in too.
We look forward to joining the conversation about all these topics, and urge all OMBlog readers to follow us @OMBPress.
Kenneth Baer is Senior Advisor and Associate Director for Communications and Strategic Planning at the White House Office of Management and Budget.
Kenneth Baer
Senior Advisor and Associate Director for Communications and Strategic Planning at OMB


Here's a sneak peek at the first in a new series of purses and messenger bags I've designed to utilize my ever-expanding collection of animal feed bags. Empty horse and alpaca feed bags... dog and cat food bags... The pliable and durable plastic-type material lends its self so well to this more structured design. And the colors! Bright, saturated, pink, lavender, yellow, orange, green!
This purse will be on display at the 2nd annual Schoodic Arts for All Recycled Art Show, July 1 - August 15, 2010 at Hammond Hall in Winter Harbor, ME. Come on down and check it out! All the art work on display is made from at least 90% recycled, repurposed or man-made material. So cool!


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MPSA Blog
Sir Edmund and Hillary: A Surprisingly Likely Pair
Mainstream political scientists often struggle with the subfield called political theory. Otherwise known as normative theory or political philosophy, theory is the study of history, philosophy, and values. It made up the bulk of political science before the data-driven "behavioral revolution" (.pdf) of the twentieth century. Today's empirical, or data-based political scientists are often flummoxed by normative theory, preferring instead to simply let it continue in its own world, on a parallel track largely ignored by others in the discipline.
This is a shame, because the insights of these history- and values-based approaches to studying politics can inform not only political science, but contemporary politics as well.
As a case in point, consider the ideas of Edmund Burke, an eighteenth-century English-Irish statesman whose writings are now considered part of the "canon," or collection of most-cited authors in the humanities, philosophy, and political theory. Burke's traditionalist, conservative biographers would likely be horrified to read this, but I keep thinking about Burke whenever I read about Hillary Clinton.
I am not suggesting that Hillary has the same politics as Burke; not at all. What they share instead is a certain attitude. At its best, this attitude is characterized by a skepticism of drastic change and an appreciation for careful deliberation. At its worst, it can be arrogant and aloof.
Burke was a crotchety old-school member of parliament who was known for his opposition to revolution and skepticism of democracy. He is most famous for being aghast at the French Revolution and predicting that it would lead to the rise of a dictator—which it did. He also argued that it was more important for legislators to represent the interest of their districts than to make the right to vote universal, and developed the well-known trustee approach (.pdf) to representation. Unlike the delegate style, trustees do not poll their constituents or hold town hall meetings in order to decide how to vote on key issues. They follow their own judgment, only later returning home to explain their decisions and sit for re-election. In my own research, I once met a trustee legislator who told me,
"My district elects me because of who I am, to come down here and make some decisions. If you're going to elect somebody that's going to take a poll, then you don't need me down here. And so that's my attitude."
That's a good deal less wordy than Burke, but it captures some of the same ideas about representation—the representative knows best, the popular passions are often wrong, and it takes time and deliberation for the truth to emerge. In 1780, Burke told his electors in Bristol:
"I did not obey your instructions: No. I conformed to the instructions of truth and nature, and maintained your interest, against your opinions, with a constancy that became me. I am to look, indeed, to your opinions, but to such opinions as you and I must have five years hence."
Burke is also known for being haughty and long-winded: a stereotypical British statesman, like something out of a Monty Python skit. Once, when I gave a match-the-quote-to-the-author quiz, one snarky student commented, "It was long, and I didn't understand it, so it must be Burke."
The student had marked the correct answer.
Burke was so removed from the affairs of his district that he lost re-election after only a single, elected term in parliament (he served earlier on a Royal appointment). Yet Burke also had powerful insights. In addition to predicting Napoleon's rise, he also had a strongly compassionate streak, railing against British abuses in Ireland, America, and India. Burke could not get enough people to listen to his concerns on these issues, and as we now know, he was right about all three.
At his best, Burke was a healthy skeptic: deliberative and a good prognosticator. At his worst, he was arrogant, aloof, and not always pro-democratic. In other words, while conservative hagiographers may scoff, Burke was at least a little bit like Hillary.
Clinton is the only major presidential candidate who cannot even plausibly distance herself from this year's favorite political punching bag: "the establishment." This is because, far more than Burke was, she is the establishment—part of it, anyway. She is well-connected to other politicians, non-elected government officials, leaders overseas, and monied interests, and she makes no attempt to hide that. At her best, her policy pronouncements are careful and measured—a stark contrast to the aggressive, change-the-world-in-one-go plans of her opponents on both the left and the right. Hillary is also pragmatic, with a strongly compassionate streak. At her worst, she appears clueless, for example holding a high-dollar fundraiser with Hollywood celebrities while her opponent Bernie Sanders wins caucus after caucus by attacking her on these very campaign finance issues.
Few question Hillary's qualifications to be President, but her occasional stumbles into let-them-eat-cake territory bring to mind Burke's inability to connect with his constituents. Critics of my comparison will call Hillary untrustworthy, which was apparently not a problem for Burke. Yet I question how objective this judgment is—one recent analysis showed that Hillary's campaign-trail quotes are in fact the most truthful of any presidential candidate. Her trust problem is not dishonesty on the stump, but rather the voters' uneasy sense that she is entitled, part of an elite club which does not "get" why some of her actions would offend regular people. Of course, some of this is also because of her husband, still a major public figure and a maddening study in contradictions some sixteen years after leaving the White House. Hillary has to earn trust in her own right.
Earnest Barker wrote the following about Burke:
"His normal belief of the union of minds was confined to a narrow circle, and the area of discussion was an area of the elite. He hardly regarded himself as engaged in discussion with the people of Bristol, or the people of Bristol as engaged in discussion with him…"
In my own essay (.pdf), I wrote the following
"In attempting to define representation by doing it, Burke fell short. He did not develop an effective home style grounded in representative-represented interactions."
As an experienced, qualified candidate, the likely Democratic nominee and quite possibly our next President (and first-ever female President), Hillary and her supporters would do well to take heed of these warnings. Hillary has to convince voters that she can listen and connect at our level. Being a pragmatic centrist is not enough. She has to earn trust as a representative of the people: something with which she still struggles, and which Burke also failed to do successfully.
Learning from Sir Edmund's mistakes may just help Hillary ascend to the summit of American politics.
About the author: Michael A. Smith is a Professor of Political Science at Emporia State University where he teaches classes on state and local politics, campaigns and elections, political philosophy, legislative politics, and nonprofit management. Smith has contributed to multiple media outlets and is also a blogger for the 2016 MPSA conference in Chicago. Follow Smith on Twitter.
Posted on March 30, 2016 April 27, 2016 by MPSA - Melissa HeekePosted in Election 2016, Michael A. Smith
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Conrad F Heede says:
Enjoyed reading something intelligent and insightful. Thank you.
Rethinking the Political Science Major – MPSA Roundtable (audio)
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MPSA Member Profile: Ajenai Clemmons
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These cufflinks are so awesome! They are made from the insides of two different watches. One is a 17 jewel watch and the other says Swiss 17 in Jewels Nino. The cufflinks measure 3/4" x 1/2" and are a silver color.
These would be a great gift for any time of the year! They are wonderful cufflinks for a wedding, for a Valentine's Day gift, for Father's Day, or a birthday. Perfect for groomsmen & dads!


Author Lehman Riley immortalized his childhood hero, his grandfather known as Papa Lemon, in children's books that he wrote in honor of him. In Riley's books, a group of children become explorers and travel back in time to visit great African-American leaders and to experience historical events in a time-machine that is an old train engine.
In the first book of the series, the group of Little Wanderers visit Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Their visit with Dr. King helps them finish a report for school that impresses their teacher.
At the end of the book, the author encourages young readers to explore their own family history and ask questions about their own grandparents.
This is an endearing book series and Papa Lemon's magical train reminds me a bit of the Soul Train that chugged across the television screen every Saturday when I was growing up. The illustrations are artistic and unique.
Learn about history, talk about genealogy and awaken your child's imagination. You can't lose with this book series.
The books cost $5.99 plus $1.00 shipping and handling. You can find out more and purchase the book series at PapaLemonEdu.com.


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2019 tax forms will be available this fall.


Allegheny Technologies Inc. has completed its acquisition of Ladish Co. Inc., an $883-million cash and common stock purchase announced last November. Now, Milwaukee-based Ladish is an operating unit of ATI's High Performance Metals division, which includes superalloy and titanium metal producer ATI Allvac and refractory/reactive metals producer ATI Wah Chang.
ATI Ladish is primarily a forging organization, including operations in Cudahy, WI (Ladish Forging), Irvine, CA (Chen-Tech Industries), and Stalowa Wola, Poland (ZKM Forging.) Other operations include Diecast Tooling in Racine, WI; Stowe Machining and Aerex Machining, both in Windsor, CT, and Valley Machining in LaCrosse, WI; and Pacific Cast Technologies, an investment caster in Albany, OR.
The merger highlights the companies' involvement in supplying materials and components to aerospace, defense, and industrial markets. ATI emphasizes the impact that the merger will have on its consumers, allowing it to produce high-technology, finished components in specialty metals and materials.
"ATI Ladish adds to our capability to produce highly engineered and technically complex parts," stated Richard J. Harshman, the new chairman of Allegheny Technologies. "We offer customers, particularly in the aerospace market, an integrated, stable, and sustainable supply chain, which now includes advanced forging, casting, and machining assets for titanium alloys, nickel-based superalloys and specialty alloys."
ATI Ladish president Gary J. Vroman said the "combination of complementary operations creates opportunities for us to contribute to ATI's growth while continuing to be an important part of the communities in which we operate."


Hello! We are the Quarter Sawn Oak Company, a family run hardwood timber merchant / supplier based in Edale in the Derbyshire Peak District. We are close to Sheffield and Manchester but can serve the whole of the UK through our cutting list delivery service. We are one of only a handful of timber merchants / suppliers that mill Quarter Sawn English Oak in the UK.
Replica Cheshire chair, made from our Quarter Sawn oak.


The WCRA charges annual premium each year sufficient to cover its expected reinsurance liability and associated expenses for that year. Each member's premium is based on the member's Minnesota workers' compensation exposure (exposure base) and the reinsurance rate for the retention level selected by the member. The WCRA calculates premium by multiplying each member's exposure base by the applicable reinsurance rate.
Every September, the WCRA Board of Directors determines the rates to be used to calculate the reinsurance premium for the next year. The rates correspond to the four retention level options (low, high, super, and jumbo). Members who select the low retention limit are charged the highest rate due to the WCRA's increased risk of exposure, with decreasing risk and decreasing rates for the high, super, and jumbo retention levels. In structuring the rates, the Board considers the effect of investment income in reducing the amount of premium revenue required to reimburse members for ultimate loss payments. A 2 percent premium tax is applied to all Self-insurer charges. Rates must be approved by the Commissioner of the Minnesota Department of Labor and Industry. To see current and historical WCRA rates click here.


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Accounting Schools
In Geneseo, New York
The city of Geneseo has only one school where accounting faculty can find employment. The following statistics and charts help analyze the current state of the accounting academic community in Geneseo, and the future trends. Academia in accounting includes accounting training at the following levels:
Geneseo Vs. New York Accounting Employment
Geneseo 13,630
New York 262,630
Exactly 13,630 of New York's 262,630 accounting professionals work in Geneseo. Between 2006 and 2010, in Geneseo, there has been a 6% decline in the number of accounting professionals. As the number of accounting professionals in Geneseo has decreased, overall employment in Geneseo has increased.
Geneseo Vs. New York Accounting employment growth
14,430 14,700 15,280 14,630 13,630
Grey: New York
Dark Yellow: Geneseo
Accounting VS. All professions salaries in Geneseo
Light Blue: Accounting in Geneseo
Dark Yellow: All Professions in Geneseo
As the number of accounting professionals in Geneseo has shrunk, salaries for accounting professionals have increased. In 2010 an average salary of $44,287 per year was earned by accounting professionals in Geneseo. Four years earlier in 2006, accounting professionals in Geneseo made an average salary of $39,692 per year. This growth is slower than the salary trend for all careers in Geneseo.
Salary percentiles for Accounting professionals in Geneseo
Accounting professionals in Geneseo earn a median salary of $41,050 per year. The 10% of accounting professionals in the lowest pay bracket earn less than $29,847 per year, while those in the highest pay bracket earn approximately 116% higher salaries.
Average Salaries for Accounting professionals and related professions in Geneseo
Accounting $44,287
Forensic Accounting $59,220
Finance $72,204
Business $97,623
Business Administration $108,840
Small Business $117,720
On average accounting professionals in Geneseo earn salaries that are lower than the salaries earned by other professionals in Geneseo.
Accounting schools in Geneseo
Many of Geneseo's accounting professionals are graduates of the only accredited accounting school in the city.
Accounting Programs Offered In Geneseo
There are a total of 2 degree and certificate programs in accounting offered by Geneseo's accounting schools.
Student Completed Accounting Degrees In Geneseo
In 2010 approximately 79 students graduated from accounting courses.
Accounting Faculty Salaries in Geneseo, New York
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Coast to Coast (England). August 8 - 21, 2018: August 21, 2018. Hiking Day 14: Grosmont to Robin Hood's Bay.
Trish, Alex, and Sage's fourteen-day hike of England's Coast to Coast trek.
August 21, 2018. Hiking Day 14: Grosmont to Robin Hood's Bay.
15 1/2 miles with around 1400 (?) feet of elevation gain.
The last day of our thru-hike! We were excited, yet sad, to be almost finished.
The day started with a steep walk uphill before turning onto fields/moors.
We eventually ended up on a country road heading down toward Littlebeck. Sage found some berries to eat while she walked.
...and took a juice/scones-with-jam-and-cream break at the small outside Falling Foss Tea Garden.
We carefully detached the would-be hitchhiker and deposited it/him/her in some nearby vegetation. Then, on we went. We turned off the walking paths onto a country road, and then we turned right toward Sneaton Low Moor. Somewhere along the way we got lost for a bit, but we oriented ourselves using the guidebook with the streets we were supposed to eventually hit, headed in the right general direction, and ended up on a road about half a mile away from where we were supposed to be. We got back on track after that quickly.
We are not where we are supposed to be, but we soon fixed it.
Fields, bogs, not-so-clear signage...it was okay though...one last chance to get lost on the C2C, lol.
And THAT -- THAT is the ocean over there! The North Sea!!
And here we are! We have walked from coast to coast. The official C2C, however, is not yet finished. We still had a few miles to go, directly south along the coastal path.
We arrived at the top of the hill which leads down through all the narrow streets of Robin Hood's Bay. I don't have photos of that, which is a shame. Guess I was too excited to get to the very end.
We tossed the pebbles we had carried from St. Bees into the water, then went for fish and chips and mushy peas.
After hanging about for a while, we kept walking south for about a mile to get to our home for the night, the Youth Hostel Boggle Hole.
Looking back on Robin Hood's Bay as we walked south to Boggle Hole.
Our hostel had its own private beach, and the place was very busy with families and couples and folks from all walks of life. It was a nice scene, and our private room was extremely affordable.
We did not need to make use of this.
The main building of the hostel from our room.
And...that's it! I hope this blog has been helpful to those who are planning their next adventure. This was a lovely trek, and one can make use of hostels and campgrounds here and there...no need to B&B it all the way across if you want to save some money.
Final note -- Get Stedman's guide, and plan this months in advance (during December and January for the following summer), because things book up quickly.
August 9, 2018: Day Two. Ennerdale Bridge to Rosthwaite via the High Route.


text:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace Poseidon.Test
{
    using Poseidon.Base.System;
    using Poseidon.Core.DL;
    using Poseidon.Core.Utility;
    using Poseidon.Common;

    public static class GlobalAction
    {
        #region Method
        public static void Initialize()
        {
            string source = AppConfig.GetAppSetting("ConnectionSource");
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(source))
                throw new PoseidonException(ErrorCode.DatabaseConnectionNotFound);

            string connection = "";
            if (source == "dbconfig")
            {
                string name = AppConfig.GetAppSetting("DbConnection");
                connection = ConfigUtility.GetConnectionString(name);
            }
            else if (source == "appconfig")
            {
                connection = AppConfig.GetConnectionString();
            }

            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(connection))
                throw new PoseidonException(ErrorCode.DatabaseConnectionNotFound);

            Cache.Instance.Add("ConnectionString", connection);

            // 设置数据库类型
            string dalPrefix = AppConfig.GetAppSetting("DALPrefix");
            Cache.Instance.Add("DALPrefix", dalPrefix);
        }
        #endregion //Method
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Adrienne Ottenberg Hartman drew a Cartography Illustration for Yoganomics in 2010. Adrienne lives in NYC, NY.
There are very few times that strangers go out of their way for others. In 2010, Adrienne Ottenberg Hartman drew a magnificent drawing for Yoganomics.


text:
Digital Tomahawk
Society & Living in our Digital Media World
Advertising Analysis
Digital Media, Digital World, Entertainment, Family	sharing, streaming
Can I Share Links for Streaming Content?
by Rob Williams January 7, 2019
A while ago I bought a product online, to be more precise it was a rented film. When I paid my money I was given a link and access to the film for two days after I started playing it. Now currently my family is away and I thought, could I share the link so they could enjoy it also? This brought up an ethical conundrum for me, is this legal? It prompted a bit of a google and the answers I found were surprising.
Review | You don't have to feel guilty about sharing your TV log-in. Do you share you account with others? Is it ethical? #DDMalumni https://t.co/SVwU8YiKMq
— ??????? ???????? (@rodewillis) January 6, 2019
The answer simply seems to be, yes. And it looks like they don't care. Obviously if you are sharing with lots of people they may look into it. But for the most part it's all okay. But why is this? Essentially when you share a link you are advertising the company and this is a good thing. You are endorsing the site where you got the content from and this is more valuable than the thing itself. You're being the influencer for them; an employee of little cost.
Imagine for a second if these companies cracked down on people sharing content. Many of my purchases are via one company, say if they get upset at me for sharing something and decide to send out cease and desist letters, what am I most likely to do? Well in a near saturated market place, I'll most likely close my account and go somewhere else. I could even return to buying the DVD from the store!
They need our custom, and if looking the other way for a second allows them to succeed then they are willing to do it. So share away, advertise your steaming service of choice – it's what they want you to do!
Feature Image: Watch (328) by Doug Waldron (CC BY-SA 2.0)
Rob has traveled extensively in Australia and uses his experiences to write compelling stories. He enjoys testing out new technologies that are designed to make life easier. He is married with two children and lives in the outer suburbs of Melbourne.
Digital Media, Entertainment, Family	family, gaming, playstation, teen, xbox
The Family Gaming Debate: Should You Restrict Kids Access to Gaming?
by Rob Williams January 26, 2018
Now I don't have any problems with my children playing video games and I am a gamer myself. I believe they are a form of entertainment and I don't believe they have many negative effects beyond that of any other entertainment. But as with everything, moderation is best and over use can lead to problems.
Excessive Gaming Issues
I have noticed that at times my son can become aggressive when gaming. To counter this we have recommended that he go and do something else for a while. It could be assumed that this behavior is tied to the games, however this is more the catalyst rather than the problem. Usually when he is 'losing control' it is due to sleep deprivation and caused by him not going to bed. Recently he, at times, has been staying up late playing, and this has resulted in his sleeping patterns being disrupted. As he is playing games online, and with players all over the world, there is no down time and he can find a game to play at anytime, and this is the main problem.
Restricting Access
In order to assist him in maintaining a healthy playing structure, we decided to limit the consoles access. At the start we set times for two breaks, one at midday and the other at six, both of these. We picked these times so he stopped at meal times. We also set it to clock off a ten, and return at seven the next morning. This worked well for a few weeks. After a while he asked for the daytime's to be switched off as it was interrupting his play with friends. The fact that he asked, rather than moaned, and ha proper arguments we agreed and removed the block for the day, and we let the night one out to eleven, which was the time that his friends seemed to leave as well.
Is it the Real Solution?
Turning off the console can create new issues as, you are doing two very different things. The first is removing a form of entertainment and the second is you are restricting communication with friends. So when you are taking away the gaming console, you are also saying that they can't play with their friends. The gaming console has become a personal safe place for them to hangout. It's the mall of the current generation.
A Better Way?
Recently I have become more mindful that when he is 'playing' he is actually interacting with friends. When I want to talk with him, I ask him to turn off the mic, so I don't embarrass him in front of his friends. I needed to realise that this is his place and I am an outsider. Our communication became better when I learned what he thought of as acceptable. For example, he is fine being called to dinner and other general family business, but talking about anything personal needs to be approached more carefully.
I guess it is about respect and privacy. Sometimes he is okay with me watching and talking about the game and other times he is not. I need to read each situation and act accordingly. If I get a bit of a stare-down I know that he wants to be left alone. Obviously I can choose to do so or not, but if I don't need to tell him something then usually I leave him be and if not we have worked out signals so he can 'opt out' of the game for a second so his mates don't hear what I am saying.
Learning to Deal with New Tech
Sometimes I feel that these are issues that my own parents did not have to deal with. But of course they had, it was just slightly different. Even though the console still turns off at eleven, and he usually goes to bed at a reasonable hour, I feel that he was right and the day times were a bit excessive.
If you're having problems with excessive use perhaps try limiting the console's access to the internet, but as with everything a discussion that involves all parties can result in a smoother transition.
What are your thoughts on restricting kids access to gaming? Feel free to comment below.
Feature Image: xbox controller. by Adam.James (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0)
Entertainment, Film	film, ghostbusters, movie
Is Ghostbusters (2016) Really that Bad?
Ghostbusters came out in 2016 among a flurry of (mostly negative) internet chatter. Some people hated it and some people were undecided and others supported it as an important step forward in cinema. However, most of this early talk was around the casting choices rather than the actual film. If it is judged by the first trailer, it seemed like it was going to be disappointing, but is this the actual case?
I like to give things a chance and the second trailer made it look much better. So I took my kids to see it, and my opinion didn't really change. It's not a perfect movie, but then re-watching the original 1984 one, that is not a perfect movie either. From Venkman using his position of power as a professor to seduce a young woman in the opening scenes to the amount of smoking throughout the film. Is the original a film that kids should be watching? I saw the original in the cinema as a ten year old and it scared the pants off me. I still get the jitters watching the library scene.
At its core Ghostbusters 2016 is a kids movie. It's aimed at children and not nostalgic adults. If you're not sure about that here's a tip. If the movie has bodily function comedy, you're watching a kids film. The film was never made to replace the old one, but rather reintroduce the old story and concept to a new audience. If you love the old film and are able to chuck on the rose tinted glasses so all it's flaws seem inconsequential, then you don't want or need to see this film; and thus your opinion of it is invalid.
So what's good about it…
The representation of struggle on the part of their professional careers. It showed real problems faced by people trying to move past their previous endeavors.
The element of danger was more real, and they showed thought and ingenuity to solve problems. The development of new weaponry beyond the all-purpose proton pack.
The battle scene on the streets demonstrated overcoming their vulnerabilities. This was vastly superior to the ghost capturing montage of the original.
And what's bad about it…
All the cameo's from the original Ghostbusters, they were nothing more than distraction. If people wanted them in the movie, they should have made a fresh one with them in it.
A few of the jokes were flat, and didn't come across well, but then again it is a kids film.
Should you watch it?
If you are looking for something similar to the original one, then no. These films are not linked beyond the concept and theme. If you are after a fun kids movie that is not too scary, then this movie is a good safe option. Not every movie is made to be some spectacular masterpiece, many are made to be fun. I feel that with many so called 'classics' the larger audience just remember key scenes and not the film as a whole.
Feature Image: Science Eyes by Tom Woodward (CC BY-NC 2.0)
Entertainment, Television	Netflix, Science Fiction, Star Trek, Television
Star Trek Discovery 'Slides' Back onto Netflix
When Star Trek Discovery made its debut on Netflix in September 2017, I thought that it was a perfect step in the right direction. Now, I have been a fan of the series since watching ST:TNG on VHS (I know right, what are those?), hiring them weekly from my local VideoEzy store. As far as I'm aware it didn't have an airing schedule in Australia, perhaps it shifted around or used as night time filler(!). I tend to feel that many studio executives have little idea how to market these programs to advertisers and they end up being scrapped early due to poor ratings (eg. Farscape & Firefly).
From the very first episode I was hooked, I liked that the show was being released weekly rather than all at once, as this allows time to properly digest the show as opposed to rushing through it. I like all of the characters, especially Cadet Tilly, she isn't the hyper-confident personality that seems to dominate the Star Trek universe. I especially like how all the characters seem like individuals and none of them are perfect, they are like real people instead of people puppets. Their motives are different, they talk differently to different people, and there is clear conflict between some of them, and this is more in line with real life.
However back to the episode in question. I really enjoyed it, I found that toward the end of the mid-season break, they had started to get a bit out of focus. Actually watching the new episode I discovered that I had not seen the last few minutes of the previous episode. So I was playing a bit of catch up, and after the show ended I went back and took care of that last five minutes – if only they had paced that entire episode that way.
The idea of parallel universes is not new. However the crew take way too long to catch up and I suspect most fans had it pegged right from the 'I don't know where we are.' line. Watching it was a bit like, 'yes we get it, you're in a different universe – get on with it!'
I love the idea of the displaced crew, but I'm not a massive fan of the extreme opposite ideology that they find themselves in. In the Star Trek universe these episode are known as the Mirror Universe, and I find them ridiculous – the way the characters behave is unsustainable. I will be interesting to see how long the Discovery crew remain in the mirror universe, but I feel that any more than four episodes it become tedious. I really hope they continue with the excellent work they have been doing, and scrap any ideas for more nostalgic story lines.
Even though I don't like this particular take, I have a connection with the many universe theory. It plays to one of my personal concepts of living a life with no regrets. This being that what ever decision I make, the alternative choice resulted in a worse outcome. Thinking like this allows to move on from certain choices I have made in the past that I seem to dwell on – I mean we ALL have those right?
Entertainment, Film	film, Hollywood
Is Hollywood Running on Empty? Reboot the Idea Machine…
by Rob Williams September 29, 2017
Film Bundle by Dale Mastin
(CC BY-ND 2.0)
The idea that Hollywood is running out of ideas is not a new one, in fact as a saying it is getting old and repetitive. The saying is something that is spouted by people who are getting tired of what they would call the same old stories, unwanted sequels, reboots and remakes; although I dislike the term 'reboot', usually when a film series is rebooted it is obvious, new cast, setting, story. The term 'reboot' is insulting to the audience and redundant. If your aware of the previous movies then you know, if you are not aware then you don't need to know.
The concept of Hollywood is running out of ideas, plays on the presumption that Hollywood is in the ideas business. When in fact they are not. Hollywood exists to make money from entertainment. People like to forget that most companies exist for one single purpose, the procurement of wealth, it is only how they go about it that makes them different. In fact many companies stated out doing something different to what they are doing now, and in the fast changing world it pays to be progressive.
Cinema by Steve Snodgrass (CC BY 2.0)
Netflix is one example of a company that changed its business model to better suit the environment. They started out as a DVD mail rental service, then progressed to video streaming and now produce some of their own content (Business Insider). Netflix started when Video Rentals were king, but they took something that people didn't like, late fees and going in to the store, and made that their marketing goals. When you examine a company that doesn't alter their business fast enough you end up with Blockbuster; they went from just over 9000 stores in 2004 to filling for bankruptcy in 2011, just 7 years later. Now the only remnants left are about 10 franchised stores in the US (Blockbuster LLC, Wikipedia). Blockbuster had monumentally failed to understand what consumers wanted.
That is where Hollywood is different, they understand what people want, and while their consumers may say they want something different it is not what they are paying to see. But that's okay, it is alright to go out to watch a movie just for the entertainment. We don't need to have thought provoking movies thrown at us all the time. Perhaps when you find yourself thinking that Hollywood has run out of ideas, it is more of an indicator that you are in need of something different, a palette cleansing film, something that engages you more than the standard fodder. This is where it can get a bit difficult, what do you start with? Exploration is the key. Go for reviews and trailers on YouTube, find a reviewer (such as, Mr Sunday Movies) that you like and follow them – all of these will give snippets and small analysis of films that you may not have considered before.
They also help you sort through the wash. I love a good run and explosion film, and when I'm watching those I'm not expecting anything new, sometimes they get a bit ridiculous but that is all a part of the fun. However, as much as I enjoy those – a movie that keeps you thinking about after you have watched it can be just perfect. Movies like, Black Swan, Birdman, and most recently Colossal. Colossal was brilliant and so much more than what the trailer made it seem – it is not a standard rom-com. All these movies are open to analysis with unambiguous endings, this makes them made to be discussed and that makes them interesting.
Regardless of the brilliance of some movies, it is the standard action films that are the money makers. Hollywood will continue to churn them out until such time as they become unprofitable – just think when was the last time you watched a western genre film? These were the most popular film genre in the 1950's & 60's. Just remember when you start thinking that Hollywood has run out of ideas, maybe it is time to get out of your comfort zone.
Feature Image: Hollywood by eGuide Travel (CC BY 2.0)
Entertainment, Film	Science Fiction, Trope
Science Fiction Tropes: Destroy the Queen!
by Rob Williams May 8, 2017
'…the odds are overwhelming, the [insert name] have us out numbered a million to one, but if can just [insert action] all of the others will be destroyed.' – random movie speech.
This is a reasonably standard trope in science fiction and it is one that I detest. Most of the time these stories are build up and knock down, repeated several times, and then the aha moment comes for the characters and the viewing audience groans; its pathetic.
I love science fiction movies and the more we have the better, but endings such as these just rob the audience of any gratification, because it is a story that has been seen a hundred times before, and honestly it has no real world application. I would challenge anyone to give an example of a conflict in which one particular part of an army was targeted and all the other soldiers just gave up. Most soldiers are fighting for a cause – be it the need to prove something right or otherwise and you can't destroy an idea in such a short amount of time.
Some examples of movies that use this trope are:
The Fifth Element (1997) – Corben Dallas is fighting the Mangalores, they are pinned down and clearly out numbered. Dallas states that taking out the leader and the other will give up fighting. This works because the Mangalores intelligence or lack of had already been established, so the audience understands why they stopped fighting.
The Phantom Menace (1999) – Young Anakin is fighting the droid ships in space. The mission, they must destroy the control ship and the droids will cease to function. This doesn't work, as the Star Wars universe has been established as having sentient droids – even where the soldier robots make jokes with each other. Are we really expected to believe that someone was controlling their ability to make jokes and complain?
Independence Day (1996) – All of the opponents have force fields on their ship, that are controlled by a mother ship. They destroy the ship and the force fields fail and suddenly the tide has been turned. Ignoring the absurdity of the plot, this doesn't work because there are still millions of ships, and soldiers available to the aliens.
The trope exists as nothing more than a short cut to an obstacles, it is almost as if there was a writer to get them to one point, and then another to write the solution. It is flat out lazy story telling.
The title image for this post is from Star Trek: Beyond, where they do use this trope, however they changed it into a much more entertaining one. I didn't mind its use in Star Trek: Beyond because the fighters moved as one central unit other than individuals, like in Independence Day and Star Wars, and the explanation of how they operated and the way they were defeated was well developed; it went beyond the destruction of one man, ship or queen.
For this trope to be used properly writers need to establish ground rules, how things work and why they do. You can't build a wall and then smash out a door when it becomes a necessity – that shit gets messy – you need to build the door frame first and the wall around it, for that smooth exit from the building.
Title Image: Star Trek: Beyond (screenshot)
Cashless Parking; No Change? No Problems. March 27, 2019
Making the Most of Free Time March 2, 2019
Dinner on the Run; An UberEats Experience February 22, 2019
Automation in the Terminal January 16, 2019
Not a New Years Resolution… January 11, 2019
How Effective are Requests to Turn Off Your Ad-blocker? January 9, 2019
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Health improvement through healthy lives.
By 2019, through collaborative and preventative action the level of self-reported general health of South Lakeland's residents will demonstrate an improvement above the baseline of 70% as reported in the Quality of Life Survey.
By 2025, the health inequality gap for residents in South Lakeland's 18 most deprived communities will be narrowed resulting in the improved healthy life expectancy above the national average of 81 years.
By 2019, the overall level of reported crime will not exceed the 2014/15 level of 3,425.


Mutual funds on the whole have been actually pulling out of the stock market, with net outflows totaling almost $40 billion year-to-date. Why are we still going up then?
One of the things that people pay attention to is how much money mutual funds contribute or take out of the stock market on a net basis. Mutual fund stock purchases do drive a lot of the upward pressure on stock prices from the sheer weight of the volume they produce, and also can bring down markets pretty significantly when their clients take money out of the system.
While all stock transactions have both willing buyers and sellers, when mutual funds or other large investors buy stock, this adds to the demand side and causes prices to rise generally. The opposite happens when they look to exit positions, which exerts downward pressure on prices.
Let's say that that we want to buy a million shares, and we can buy 1000 at a certain price, the ask, which represents how many shares investors wish to part with at this price. We buy those, but we need to buy a lot more, but we've exhausted the supply at this price and we have to pay more to buy more. We buy the number of shares at the next level and move up.
People who offer these shares for sale see this buying pressure and if it looks to be sustained, they generally will raise their prices, causing us to pay even more for our order. The net effect is that our trading in itself will put the price up, and the upward momentum that we've created with the price will also influence it higher. People see the price go up, and this in itself stimulates more demand.
When mutual funds look to sell their inventory, the exact opposite happens, where stock prices are driven downward. These purchases and sales don't occur in a vacuum though, and all of this is the case with everything else being equal, but there are other forces in the market that exert price pressure as well.
If we sell into a rally, we may just end up muting the rally rather than driving price down from our buying pressure, or if we buy when the price is falling, we can slow down the decline. In this case, slowing down the decline is a good thing for us, and if enough institutional buying takes place during a pullback, this can indeed have enough power to reverse trends.
Funds do switch stocks a fair bit, but equity funds are committed to equities, so the actions of the funds themselves are limited to being in one basket of stocks or another. Index funds just go with a pre-determined basket, so that is already determined for them, and active funds decide which stocks to have their money in at any given time, but in both cases the directive here is to be in stocks because they are stock funds.
Investors pump their money into the system or take them out and this is where we get the net inflow and outflow numbers from. Net inflows have a bullish effect upon the market, where net outflows have a bearish effect.
People look at these inflows and outflows to get a sense of market direction, and this is fairly well correlated with the way that the market moves. We could just look at price movement itself, which always tells us the whole story, but we still might want to know what direction the funds are moving in, to see what might happen if the other forces in the market change.
Right now, a comparatively small amount of money is flowing out of equity funds, but prices are continuing to rise. This has confused some people, and not just ordinary investors, who really don't look at numbers like this anyway, but also those profession it is to understand such things.
"This has been a huge question for us, how is this possible?" asks Bank of America investment strategist Jared Woodward. The answer should be pretty obvious though, and it is that there are other forces at work here and these other forces are strong enough to push us ahead this much in spite of all the people that are taking money out of the stock market.
While this situation isn't typical, we do see net inflows and outflows diverge from market results from time to time. Investors will generally go with the trend, putting more money in during bull markets and taking it out during bear markets, but not always. There are times when what we can call the public's net actions are counter to the market, and while this phenomenon is interesting enough, we do need to realize that net inflow and outflow with equity funds and net inflow and outflow in the market as a whole are different things.
In other words, what we are seeing here is a net outflow with equity funds and a net inflow in the market. It is what is going on with the market as a whole that matters, regardless of whatever is happening with equity funds, which contribute to market inflows and outflows but it is the entirety of the movement of money in and out of the stock market that matters here and drives prices.
Mutual funds comprise a pretty big chunk of market activity, but there are other forces at work here, and we actually don't need to look very hard to figure out what is really powering this current rally.
Woodward does recognize that corporate share buybacks have climbed to $227 billion in the first quarter of 2019, although he does not seem all that convinced that this is a sufficient explanation for seeing the market go up by almost 20% so far this year and all that money being taken off the table by the funds.
This should be easy to understand once we realize that this $227 billion is an inflow, and even when we subtract the $40 million out, we still end up with a pretty nice net inflow of $187 billion taking these two numbers into consideration.
We also need to understand that, while $40 billion may seem like a lot of money to take out of the stock market, it's just a drop in the bucket percentage-wise compared to how much stock U.S. mutual funds control, which is close to $20 trillion worth these days. We're only talking a drawdown of just 0.2% here, which is not even a very meaningful number.
While everything does exert effects, and we could say that this outflow from the market from funds does create a little downward pressure on prices, the effect from this would not be in itself that meaningful even if this were the only factor involved. It clearly isn't though, and is offset several times over just from the buybacks, which do indeed put share prices up and this is exactly why the companies spend all this money on them.
Many strategists try to make things more complicated than they actually are, especially with saying that this fund outflow should be putting us down, and in particular, that the net inflows from share buybacks wouldn't be enough to explain things. People are even looking at things like options trading to seek out an explanation they like, and while such things can influence prices as a lot of things can, if we're wondering about net inflows and outflows, and can just add in the inflows from the buybacks to make the world right again, we need to look no further.
There is one statistic that trumps everything though, and that is the way price is actually moving. We're up a lot in 2019, and whatever the causes, this is what has happened. Whenever something like this seems to tell us this shouldn't be happening, the only thing we learn here is that these things may not be as reliable as we thought.
This is not to say that there aren't any takeaways here, and the biggest one is that individual investors have lost a bit of confidence in the market at present, perhaps by falling for all the bearish prognostications that have been out there lately. We'll have to see how this all changes, and if we do actually get a net outflow, a real one, investors may be more willing to pile on if their outlook remains net bearish.
The usefulness of this information is therefore not to look to explain price, as price explains price completely, it's to get an idea of how we may react going forward. We may take the temperature of fund investors this way, and see that they may be running a little fever here, but the market can indeed continue to move up with their temperature being up a little like this.
Should the overall outlook become more negative though, to the point where the outflows from equity funds and other market outflows exceed the inflows from share buybacks and from other sources, then we can expect this to put prices down. Until then, we need to make sure that we are looking at the right things and not focus on a single thing like fund outflows, which will indeed leave us pretty confused.