These interrogatories are for use by either the defendant or the plaintiff, and seek to ascertain the parties' various contentions regarding general damages. The section includes questions dealing with physical pain and suffering as well as mental or emotional harm. It includes questions on various activities, sports, or hobbies which have been impacted by the claimed injuries. As with the other contention interrogatories set forth in this book, these questions require a statement of all pertinent facts, an identification of all persons who possess knowledge relating to of these facts, and specific data which may be used to evaluate the claim. Defendants will ordinarily include these basic fact interrogatories in their opening interrogatory set.
Do YOU contend that YOU suffered physical pain as a result of any injury sustained in the INCIDENT?
If your answer to interrogatory number 1 was yes, please set forth the nature of the physical pain.
If your answer to interrogatory number 1 was yes, please set forth the date that YOU first experienced the physical pain.
If your answer to interrogatory number 1 was yes, please IDENTIFY any PERSON who has knowledge of any fact pertaining to the physical pain.
If your answer to interrogatory number 1 was yes, please IDENTIFY any PERSON who can compare your physical condition prior to and following the INCIDENT.
If your answer to interrogatory number 1 was yes, please set forth the amount of compensation to which YOU claim to be entitled as a result of the physical pain.
Please set forth the method by which YOU calculated the amount to which YOU claim to be entitled as a result of the physical pain.
Do YOU contend that YOU suffered any permanent disability as a result of any injury sustained in the INCIDENT?
If your answer to interrogatory number 8 was yes, please set forth the nature of the disability.
If your answer to interrogatory number 8 was yes, please set forth the date that YOU first experienced the disability.
If your answer to interrogatory number 8 was yes, please IDENTIFY any PERSON who has knowledge of any fact pertaining to your disability.
If your answer to interrogatory number 8 was yes, please IDENTIFY any PERSON who can compare your physical condition prior to and following the INCIDENT.
If your answer to interrogatory number 8 was yes, please set forth the amount of compensation to which YOU claim to be entitled as a result of the disability.
Please set forth the method by which YOU calculated the amount to which YOU claim to be entitled as a result of the disability.
Do YOU claim to have experienced emotional distress as a result of the INCIDENT?
If your answer to interrogatory number 15 was yes, please set forth the nature of the emotional distress.
If your answer to interrogatory number 15 was yes, please set forth the date that YOU first experienced the emotional distress.
If your answer to interrogatory number 15 was yes, please IDENTIFY any PERSON who has knowledge of any fact pertaining to the emotional distress.
If your answer to interrogatory number 15 was yes, please IDENTIFY any PERSON who can compare your emotional condition prior to and following the INCIDENT.
If your answer to interrogatory number 15 was yes, please set forth the amount of compensation to which YOU claim to be entitled as a result of the emotional distress.
Please set forth the method by which YOU calculated the amount to which YOU claim to be entitled as a result of the emotional distress.
Do YOU contend that the INCIDENT caused YOU to discontinue any activity, sport, or hobby in which YOU engaged prior to the INCIDENT?
If your answer to interrogatory number 22 was yes, please set forth the nature of the activity, sport, or hobby.
If your answer to interrogatory number 22 was yes, please set forth the dates during which the activity, sport, or hobby was discontinued.
If YOU have been able to resume the activity, sport, or hobby, state how often YOU engage in that activity.
Do YOU contend that the INCIDENT caused any diminution in your enjoyment of life?
If your answer to interrogatory number 26 was yes, please set forth the nature of the diminution in your enjoyment of life.
If your answer to interrogatory number 26 was yes, please set forth the dates during which YOU experienced diminution in your enjoyment of life.
If your answer to interrogatory number 26 was yes, please IDENTIFY any PERSON who has knowledge of any fact pertaining to such diminution in your enjoyment of life.
If your answer to interrogatory number 26 was yes, please IDENTIFY any PERSON who can compare your emotional condition prior to and following the INCIDENT.
If your answer to interrogatory number 26 was yes, please set forth the amount of compensation to which YOU claim to be entitled as a result of the diminution in enjoyment of life.
Please set forth the method by which YOU calculated the amount to which YOU claim to be entitled as a result of the diminution in your enjoyment of life.
The interrogatories set forth in this section seek to ascertain the defendant's contentions regarding the plaintiff's general damages. This section includes questions dealing with physical pain and suffering as well as mental or emotional harm. It includes questions regarding the various activities, sports or hobbies that may have been impacted by the claimed injuries. As with the other contention interrogatories set forth in this book, these questions require a statement of all pertinent facts, an identification of all persons who possess knowledge relating to such facts, and other specific data which may be used to evaluate the claim.
This section includes questions dealing with physical pain and suffering as well as mental or emotional harm, impairment of day to day activities and other matters pertaining to general damages. The questions set forth in this section focus on these issues from the defendant's perspective.
Do YOU contend that YOU suffered physical pain as a result of any injury sustained in the INCIDENT?
A significant component of modern personal injury practice relates to claims of emotional distress damages occasioned by defendant's wrongful conduct. The claimed emotional distress damages are parasitic to a physical injury; they are treated as garden variety general damages and are addressed by the interrogatories set forth in § 310.
When the claimed emotional distress damages occur as a result of an injury to a third person, additional limitations may apply. The courts that allow recovery in these circumstances typically circumscribe these causes of action by providing that the claimant must 1) be located at or near the scene of the incident; 2) suffer the subject distress from sensory and contemporaneous observance of the incident; and 3) be closely related to the person who suffered the physical injury. See, e.g., Dillon v. Legg, 68 Cal.2d 728 (1968). The interrogatories in this section may be used by plaintiffs claiming emotional distress damages as a result of injuries inflicted upon a third person.
As noted above, claims of emotional distress arising from injuries to third parties have become increasingly frequent. The interrogatories in this section may be used to evaluate the nature and extent of these claims.
Do YOU contend that at the time of the INCIDENT YOU were located near the scene thereof?
If your answer to interrogatory number 1 was yes, please set forth where YOU were located at the time of the INCIDENT.
If your answer to interrogatory number 1 was yes, please set forth the events YOU observed.
If your answer to interrogatory number 1 was yes, please IDENTIFY any PERSON can confirm your observation of the INCIDENT.
If your answer to interrogatory number 1 was yes, please state whether there exists any WRITING confirming your observation of the INCIDENT.
Please IDENTIFY the CUSTODIAN of any WRITING identified in your answer to interrogatory number 5.
Do YOU claim to have experienced any emotional distress as a result of your observation of the INCIDENT?
If your answer to interrogatory number 7 was yes, please set forth the nature of the emotional distress.
If your answer to interrogatory number 7 was yes, please set forth the date that YOU first experienced the emotional distress.
If your answer to interrogatory number 7 was yes, please IDENTIFY any PERSON who has knowledge of any fact pertaining to the emotional distress.
If your answer to interrogatory number 7 was yes, please IDENTIFY any PERSON who can compare your emotional condition prior to and following the INCIDENT.
If your answer to interrogatory number 7 was yes, please set forth the amount of compensation to which YOU claim to be entitled as a result of the emotional distress.
Please state whether YOU have obtained any psychiatric treatment as a result of any emotional distress that YOU suffered as a result of observing the INCIDENT.
If YOU obtained psychiatric care as a result of any emotional distress that YOU suffered, please set forth the dates YOU obtained treatment.
If YOU obtained psychiatric care as a result of any emotional distress that YOU suffered, please set forth the nature of the treatment.
If YOU obtained psychiatric care as a result of any emotional distress that YOU suffered, please IDENTIFY each PERSON who rendered treatment.
If YOU obtained psychiatric care as a result of any emotional distress that YOU suffered, please set forth the cost of treatment.
This section contains general damages contention interrogatories that are modified to apply in wrongful death cases. Since virtually all jurisdictions award damages for actual pecuniary loss, the questions inquire about the plaintiff's claims for future care and support, and further seek circumstantial confirmation of these claims by inquiring as to past contributions of care and support. As these are matters that are often reflected in personal documents, check registers, etc., other questions seek identification of any writings pertaining to past or future payments for care or support. If you practice in a jurisdiction that allows this kind of recovery you should also consider including the interrogatories relating to the pecuniary value of lost care, comfort, society, and companionship.
Please state whether, prior to (his/her) death, decedent contributed monetarily to your support.
If your answer to interrogatory number 1 was yes, please set forth the dollar amount by which decedent contributed to your support within the last year prior to (his/her) death.
If your answer to interrogatory number 1 was yes, please set forth the dollar amount by which decedent contributed to your support for each of the five years immediately preceding (his/her) death.
Please IDENTIFY each WRITING relating to the amount of any financial support that YOU received from the decedent within the five years immediately preceding (his/her) death.
Please IDENTIFY each PERSON who has knowledge of the support that decedent contributed to YOU during the last five years immediately preceding (his/her) death.
Do YOU contend that the decedent would have contributed to your support in the future but for (his/her) death?
If your answer to interrogatory number 6 was yes, please set forth the nature of the support that YOU contend the decedent would have contributed.
If your answer to interrogatory number 6 was yes, please set forth the dollar amount that YOU contend the decedent would have contributed.
If your answer to interrogatory number 6 was yes, please set forth the manner by which YOU calculated the dollar amount that YOU contend that the decedent would have contributed.
If your answer to interrogatory number 6 was yes, please set forth the present value of these future contributions.
Please IDENTIFY each PERSON who has knowledge of any fact relating to your contention that the decedent would have contributed to your support in the future but for decedent's death.
Do YOU contend that YOU are entitled to compensation for the pecuniary value of lost (society, comfort, care) that YOU have sustained as a result of the death of decedent?
If your answer to interrogatory number 12 was yes, please set forth nature of the (society, comfort, care) that forms the basis for your claim.
If your answer to interrogatory number 12 was yes, please set forth the pecuniary value of the (society, comfort, care).
If your answer to interrogatory number 12 was yes, please set forth nature the means YOU utilized to calculate the pecuniary value of the (society, comfort, care).
Please IDENTIFY each PERSON who has knowledge of any fact relating to your claim for lost (society, comfort, care).
Please IDENTIFY each WRITING relating to your claim for lost (society, comfort, care).
Please IDENTIFY the CUSTODIAN of each WRITING identified in your answer to interrogatory number 17.
Many states recognize a loss of consortium claim in the spouse of a person injured as a result of the fault of another. This cause of action seeks to compensate for the spouse's loss of conjugal fellowship and sexual relations with the injured individual. See, e.g., Rodriguez v. Bethlehem Steel Corp., 12 Cal. 3d 382 (1974). In most states that recognize loss of consortium claims, plaintiff's recovery is not reduced by the injured spouse's contributory negligence. Lantis v. Condon, 95 Cal. App. 3d 1525 156 (1979).
The interrogatories that follow explore defendant's contentions regarding plaintiff's loss of consortium claim, and may be included in interrogatory sets whenever plaintiff's spouse has been injured as a result of the wrongful conduct of another.
When the spouse of an injured person advances a loss of consortium claim, the defendant is required to examine the nature of the allegedly injured relationship in order to evaluate the claim. The interrogatories that follow may be used for this purpose.
Do YOU contend that YOU suffered impairment of conjugal relations as a result of any injury sustained by [here IDENTIFY primary claimant]?
If your answer to interrogatory number 1 was yes, please set forth the frequency with which YOU engaged in conjugal relations prior to the INCIDENT.
If your answer to interrogatory number 1 was yes, please set forth the frequency with which YOU engaged in conjugal relations following the INCIDENT.
If your answer to interrogatory number 1 was yes, please set forth the nature of any impairment to conjugal relations that YOU experienced.
If your answer to interrogatory number 1 was yes, please set forth the date upon which the impairment to conjugal relations ended.
Please state whether YOU have obtained any form of psychiatric treatment as a result of any impairment to conjugal relations that YOU have experienced.
If your answer to interrogatory number 6 was yes, please set forth the nature of the psychiatric treatment YOU obtained.
If your answer to interrogatory number 6 was yes, please IDENTIFY the PERSON who provided any such psychiatric care.
If your answer to interrogatory number 6 was yes, please set forth the cost of any treatment YOU received.
Do YOU contend that YOU suffered any impairment of (society, comfort, affection) as a result of the injury to [here IDENTIFY primary claimant]?
If your answer to interrogatory number 10 was yes, please set forth the nature of the (society, comfort, affection) that was impaired.
If your answer to interrogatory number 10 was yes, please set forth the nature of the impairment.
If your answer to interrogatory number 10 was yes, please set forth the date upon which the impairment ended.
Please state whether YOU obtained any psychiatric treatment as a result of any impairment to (society, comfort, affection).
If your answer to interrogatory number 14 was yes, please set forth the nature of any psychiatric treatment YOU received.
If your answer to interrogatory number 14 was yes, please IDENTIFY each PERSON who provided the psychiatric treatment.
If your answer to interrogatory number 14 was yes, please set forth the dates that YOU obtained treatment.
If your answer to interrogatory number 14 was yes, please set forth the cost of any treatment YOU obtained.
In recent years several states have adopted apportionment statutes that limit plaintiff's recovery against each defendant to the percentage of fault ascribed to each defendant. These apportionment statutes usually apply to general damages, and thus the plaintiff is required to join as a party defendant each person or entity that may have had responsibility for causing plaintiff's loss. The interrogatories below explore defendant's contentions regarding the apportionment of damages between responsible parties.
Do YOU contend that the conduct of any other PERSON contributed to plaintiff's damages?
If your answer to interrogatory number 1 was yes, please IDENTIFY each PERSON that YOU contend contributed to plaintiff's damages.
If your answer to interrogatory number 1 was yes, please set forth how that PERSON contributed to plaintiff's damages.
Please IDENTIFY the CUSTODIAN of each WRITING identified in your answer to interrogatory number 5.
If YOU contend that the conduct of any other PERSON contributed to the damages plaintiff suffered, please set forth the numerical percentage by which YOU contend that PERSON contributed to plaintiff's damages.
Please set forth each factor YOU considered in determining the numerical percentage by which that PERSON contributed to plaintiff's damages.
Please IDENTIFY each PERSON who has knowledge of any fact YOU considered in determining the numerical percentage by which any other PERSON contributed to plaintiff's damages.
Please IDENTIFY each WRITING relating to any fact that YOU considered in determining the numerical percentage by which any other PERSON contributed to plaintiff's damages.
Please IDENTIFY the CUSTODIAN of any WRITING identified in your answer to interrogatory number 10.
This section contains a series of interrogatories pertaining to the plaintiff's claim for special or pecuniary damages. The questions focus on the recurring types of special damage, including medical expenses, lost earnings, lost earning capacity, chattel damage, and chattel loss of use. Bear in mind that the information regarding special damages may be useful not only to substantiate the claim for these losses, but as a general measure of the severity of the accident or occurrence itself. For this reason interrogatories selected from this section should ordinarily be included in opening discovery.
Have YOU incurred expenses for medical care as a result of the INCIDENT?
If your answer to interrogatory number 1 was yes, please IDENTIFY each PERSON who provided goods or services in connection with the treatment YOU received.
If your answer to interrogatory number 1 was yes, please set forth the dates that the goods or services were provided.
If your answer to interrogatory number 1 was yes, please set forth whether YOU anticipate that any provider will be required to supply further goods or services in the future.
If your answer to interrogatory number 1 was yes, please set forth the cost of any goods or services identified.
Do YOU claim a loss of earnings as a result of the INCIDENT?
If your answer to interrogatory number 6 was yes, please set forth the amount of any earnings that YOU lost.
If your answer to interrogatory number 6 was yes, please set forth the method by which YOU calculated your lost earnings.
If your answer to interrogatory number 6 was yes, please IDENTIFY each PERSON who would have paid the earnings but for the INCIDENT.
If your answer to interrogatory number 6 was yes, please set forth the date that YOU ceased work by virtue of any event connected with the INCIDENT.
If your answer to interrogatory number 6 was yes, please set forth the event that caused YOU to cease work.
If your answer to interrogatory number 6 was yes, please state whether YOU ceased work as a result of any doctor's order.
If your answer to interrogatory number 6 was yes, please set forth the date that YOU resumed work.
If your answer to interrogatory number 6 was yes, please IDENTIFY each physician who advised YOU that YOU could return to work.
Please state whether YOU claim a loss of earning capacity as a result of the injuries which are the subject of plaintiff's complaint.
If your answer to interrogatory number 15 was yes, please set forth the amount of money YOU would have received but for the loss of earning capacity.
If your answer to interrogatory number 15 was yes, please set forth the manner in which YOU calculated your loss of earning capacity.
If your answer to interrogatory number 15 was yes, please set forth the dates that YOU claim your earning capacity was impaired.
If your answer to interrogatory number 15 was yes, please IDENTIFY any physician YOU consulted in connection with the loss of earning capacity.
If your answer to interrogatory number 15 was yes, please state whether YOU have been advised by any physician that YOU suffered a loss of earning capacity.
If your answer to interrogatory number 15 was yes, please set forth the date that the diminution or loss of earning capacity terminated.
Do YOU claim to have suffered property damage as a result of the INCIDENT which is the subject of plaintiff's complaint?
If your answer to interrogatory number 22 was yes, please describe the property that was damaged.
If your answer to interrogatory number 22 was yes, please set forth the extent of the damage.
If your answer to interrogatory number 22 was yes, please state whether the damage can be repaired.
If your answer to interrogatory number 22 was yes, please state the cost to repair the damage.
If YOU contend that any damaged property cannot be repaired, please set forth the cost of replacement.
If your damaged property was an automobile, please set forth the make and model thereof.
If your damaged property was an automobile, please set forth the odometer reading immediately preceding the INCIDENT.
Do YOU claim damages for the loss of use of any property that YOU claim was damaged as a result of the INCIDENT?
If your answer to interrogatory number 30 was yes, please set forth the extent of the loss of use.
If your answer to interrogatory number 30 was yes, please set forth the method which YOU used to calculate the reasonable value of the lost use.
If your answer to interrogatory number 30 was yes, please set forth the period of time during which YOU experienced loss of use.
If your answer to interrogatory number 30 was yes, please set forth the steps that YOU took to obtain a replacement for your (property) during the time that YOU were deprived of its use.
If your answer to interrogatory number 30 was yes, please state whether YOU immediately sought to repair the (property).
If YOU immediately sought to repair the (property), please IDENTIFY the PERSON YOU consulted to accomplish the repair.
If YOU did not immediately seek the repair of the (property), please state why YOU did not do so.
This section contains numerous interrogatories to discover whether the defendant disputes plaintiff's claims for medical expenses, lost earnings, loss of earning capacity, property damage, or property loss of use. If these elements of damages are claimed, these interrogatories should be included because if there is no serious dispute as to the nature and extent of these damages, the case is more likely to settle. If a bona fide dispute does exist, these questions will reveal that fact by eliciting all facts, witnesses, and documents that relate to these claims.
In addition, this section contains other questions pertaining to defendant's claim that plaintiff failed to mitigate damages or seeks recovery for an injury which was aggravated by the conduct of a third person. Finally, questions are included to determine whether the defendant claims that plaintiff fabricated any complaint or symptom. A negative answer may be used at trial to support the plaintiff's credibility. Any affirmative answer must be accompanied by all facts, witnesses, and documents relating to that contention. One means to select the appropriate interrogatories from this section is to examine each affirmative defense and denial set forth in the defendant's answer, so that the interrogatories may be tailored to the matters that the defendant has put in issue. See also §340.
If your answer to interrogatory number 1 was yes, please set forth the precise manner in which plaintiff failed to mitigate [his/her] damages.
If your answer to interrogatory number 3 was yes, please IDENTIFY any other PERSON who aggravated plaintiff's damage.
If your answer to interrogatory number 5 was yes, please set forth the precise manner in which the plaintiff fabricated that injury.
If your answer to interrogatory number 7 was yes, please set forth the precise manner in which plaintiff has exaggerated [his/her] injury.
If your answer to interrogatory number 9 was yes, please set forth the action plaintiff failed to take to minimize the effects of [his/her] injury.
If your answer to interrogatory number 11 was yes, please set forth the medical advice that plaintiff failed to follow.
Under the law in effect in many states, evidence of the defendant's financial condition must be admitted so that any award of punitive damages can be reasonably tailored to deter such future conduct. (See, e.g., Tomaselli v. Transamerica Ins. Co., 25 Cal.App.4th 1269 (1994).) Even though evidence of the defendant's financial condition is in fact required, some states preclude pretrial discovery into a defendant's financial condition until a plaintiff has obtained a court order permitting such discovery. In most cases, such court orders are predicated upon a court's finding that there is a substantial probability that the plaintiff will prevail on the claim. (See, e.g., California Code of Civil Procedure §3295(c).) This section includes forms for moving the court for such a pretrial order as a prerequisite to pretrial discovery of a defendant's financial condition.
Download the form in Microsoft Word.
In addition to compensatory damages, most states allow punitive damages upon an appropriate showing. The California statutory authorization is typical; punitive damages may be recovered when the defendant has been guilty of oppression, fraud or malice. Cal. Civ. Code § 3294(a). The theory that underlies an award of punitive damages is that they are imposed for sake of example and to punish the defendant.
The interrogatories that follow are keyed to the necessary elements that must be demonstrated to justify an award of punitive damages.
As discussed above, one of the predicates for an award of punitive damages is malice on the part of the defendant. The requisite malice may be inferred from the circumstances, see, e.g., Parrott v. Bank of America National Trust & Savings Association, 97 Cal. App. 2d 14, 24 (1950), and is also demonstrated when the defendant acts in conscious disregard of the rights or safety of the plaintiff. See, e.g., G.D. Searle & Co. v. Superior Court, 49 Cal. App. 3d 22, 32 (1975). Because evidence of a defendant's evil motive or conscious disregard for the rights of others will almost always be circumstantial, the interrogatories that follow are designed to explore defendant's awareness of the risk of harm posed by defendant's conduct.
Please state whether prior to the INCIDENT YOU considered the risk that [here specify the injury-producing event].
If your answer to interrogatory number 1 was yes, please set forth each factor YOU considered in determining the likelihood that the risk would occur.
If your answer to interrogatory number 1 was yes, please set forth each reason YOU proceeded notwithstanding your awareness of the risk.
If your answer to interrogatory number 1 was yes, please describe the factors YOU considered in determining whether the risk could be avoided.
If your answer to interrogatory number 1 was yes, please IDENTIFY each WRITING relating to your consideration of the risks posed by your conduct.
Even when malice cannot be demonstrated, punitive damages may be awarded when the defendant's conduct can be characterized as oppressive. Under some statutory definitions, oppression means conduct that subjects a person to "cruel and unjust hardship." See, e.g., Cal. Civ. Code § 3294(c). The interrogatories that follow are directed from plaintiff to defendant in cases where the punitive damage claim is predicated upon oppressive conduct.
Please state whether prior to the time that YOU [here describe alleged conduct], YOU considered whether that conduct would impose hardship upon the plaintiff.
If your answer to interrogatory number 1 was yes, please set forth each factor YOU considered in your determination that your conduct posed a risk of hardship to the plaintiff.
If your answer to interrogatory number 1 was yes, please set forth each reason YOU proceeded notwithstanding the risk of hardship to the plaintiff.
If your answer to interrogatory number 1 was yes, please set forth whether YOU determined that any benefit YOU derived from [here specify challenged conduct] outweighed the risk of hardship to the plaintiff.
If your answer to interrogatory number 1 was yes, please set forth each reason why the benefit YOU derived from [here specify challenged conduct] outweighed the risk of hardship to the plaintiff.
If YOU did not consider the risk that [here specify challenged conduct] posed a risk of hardship to the plaintiff, please state each and every reason why YOU did not do so.
Because punitive damages can only be awarded against a wrongdoer, a principal is not responsible for punitive damages unless the principal directed or ratified the act. The interrogatories that follow are for use in cases in which the defendant contends that the wrongdoer acted without prior authority or subsequent ratification by the defendant.
A significant component of modern defense practice includes the defense of punitive damage claims. The interrogatories in this section may be used to explore the facts, witnesses and documents relating to a punitive damages claim.


I wanted to make a really healthy, yet tasty sports-style juice that was ideal for having after a run or work out. This juice is light and refreshing. Perfect for re-hydrating and for a little boost of energy!
Using a juicer, alternate adding in the pineapple and mint, starting and ending with pineapple, to insure you get all the mint juice.
Pour into a jug and add in the coconut water and the chia seeds. Allow it to sit until the chia seeds get almost jelly-like.
Then it's ready to serve – pour into a glass or bring in a bottle to the gym and enjoy!
Coconut water will help keep you hydrated.
Pineapple will give you a quick release of sugar and provide energy, it's also high in acids with can help break down fats.
Chia seeds provide fibre to keep you fuller for longer, plus its got protein and omega 3.
Cardamom Spiced Tapioca Pudding with Orange and Ginger Poached Rhubarb, Topped with Toasted Hazelnuts.
I remembered an old rice pudding recipe I had that used cardamom and was just delicious. But when I went to buy the pudding rice it was sold out, so I tried tapioca instead. The texture was even better than the rice and it's a perfect treat as the autumn evenings begin to draw in.
First, make the tapioca. In a pot add the coconut milk (or dairy free milk) and the ground cardamom seeds and bring to the boil.
Add in the tapioca and turn down to a simmer and cook for 20 minutes.
Next add in the sugar and stir well. Take off the heat and let it stand for 5 minutes.
Now get to work on the rhubarb. In a small pot add the apple juice, ginger, vanilla, orange juice and zest, and bring to the boil.
Add in the sugar and sliced rhubarb and turn down onto a low heat. Cook until the rhubarb is soft but keeps it shape.
Sweet and Spiced Pickled Carrots with Dee's Spicy Bean Burgers in Toasted Pitta's.
: I've recently been doing a lot of pickling and preserving, but I've never had pickled carrots before and had a total brainwave about pickled carrots and Dee's Burgers! It turned out to be delicious. The crunchy texture was divine and a touch of rocket brought a subtle peppery dimension to the dish.
Method: To make the brine, first place the sugar, vinegar and spices in a pot and bring to the boil until the sugar is dissolved.
Pour it over the sliced carrots and allow to cool.
Once they are cooked, place in the oven for 1-2 minutes until you're ready to use them.
Finally, toast the pita bread's, cut open and spread some hummus on both sides, add the burgers (cut into 4 strips ), some rocket and some of the cooled picked carrot and enjoy!
This pour over brine recipe can be used for a few other vegetables like; sliced cumber, green beans or even red onion.


This was the Boys under 8 category. In case you're wondering, yes, they start to grunt at this level already.
I would like to pose a question here: as you may have noticed, I used a large aperture and chose to focus on the foreground player (only his back his visible). That leaves the background player blurred out (even though he is facing the camera). Should I have done the other way round?
I might have done it the other way, Ayush, but neither way is better.
That's how you get good - starting young!
I'm amazed at how you froze the ball!!! I might have focused on the other kid- since he's facing you. But it's still a great shot!
This is what I would do probably but the other way would work just as well.
Great capture of these future champions Ayush!
I think it would work either way, Ayush, but perhaps the focus on the boy and the back would have been more interesting?
My technical knowledge is not that good that I can advise you.


RW Freight provided a very good service with our export to Norway. Goods were collected at the time advised and delivered when expected. Will happily use again.
RW Freight provide a very good service with our Imports from China. Competitive price and overall a very professional company.
Since using RW Freight Services for my Norwegian exports I have not had any problems. I highly recommend them as a freight forwarder.
A report issued by Skills for Logistics suggests that there will be a shortage of freight drivers for Large Goods Vehicles. Fewer people are taking the appropriate driving tests, and there has been a 31% decline in people passing the test.


The day I had been waiting for had arrived and although I pressed the snooze button four times (remind me why rowing has to be at such an awful hour of the morning to wake up?!) I was excited to be heading to the Olympic Rowing at Eton Dorney.
The area was awash with people dressed in their countries favourite colours, the red white and blue of the British flag being the most prominent but with smatterings of colour coming from flags and games workers. As you walked towards the course, and despite the early morning wake up, there was an electric energy in the air, the result of too much coffee or perhaps it was because we were about to see the best athletes in the world row for gold.; the mystery was further added to because as you walked into the area the seating obscured the vision of the lake and boat houses.
The first event I saw was the Men's Double scull, that is two men rowing with two oars. The Kiwis, pictured below, were the reigning world champs and racing to defend their title and bring home a medal.
Throughout the race the Slovenians maintained a steady lead until the 500m mark when all the crews began to push during the home stretch.
I didn't get a picture of the finish line but yes, the Kiwi's did it and not only bought home gold but remain the world champions.
Of the races of the day my sleep in meant that I was only able to see two races which featured Aussies and the mens four, that is four men with one oar each, was one of them (check out the Aussies at the top of the photo next to the South Africans.) This race was a close one as the four teams surged into the final 500m each with a medal in their sites.
Unfortunately for me the Aussies came in fourth behind South Africa (gold), Great Britain (silver), and Denmark (bronze). The medal ceremony would have been extra special for the bronze placing Danish team as His Royal Highness Prince Frederik, Crown Prince of Denmark presented the medals on behalf of the Olympic committee.
The women's VIII medal event was the race I was most excited to see because it was my favourite when I used to row – and the Aussie girls were racing!
It didn't take long before team USA had a clear lead over the others thought the Netherlands and Canada stayed with them the whole way. The Aussie girls weren't far behind but as a relatively young crew they couldn't match the pace set by the other crews.
A note on celebrating athletes accomplishments and not putting them down.
I would like to make one comment on the attitude the Australia media towards our athletes. For the last few weeks we have criticized our Olympians for not getting more gold medals, especially the swimmers. Sure they might have a little ego inflation pre-event (I'm looking at James Magnussen) but to criticize them when they win silver or bronze – that's just poor sportsman ship and we're meant to be the country with the greatest show of sportsmanship.
To even reach Olympic athlete status takes years of commitment, sacrifice, and hard work – I know because I've seen a friend go through it. We should be celebrating the fact that they made it, that they're there representing themselves, their sport, but most of all they're representing their country, my country and maybe even your country.
We should support them no matter what and if they win a medal – of any colour – we should be just as proud and celebrate just as hard.
Eton Dorney is an hour train ride away from central London and accessible by one of two stations.


text:
package course.labs.permissionslab;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;

public class ActivityLoaderActivity extends Activity {

	private static final String TAG = "Lab-Permissions";
	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_loader_activity);

		Button startBookmarksButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.start_bookmarks_button);
		startBookmarksButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {

			@Override
			public void onClick(View v) {

				startBookMarksActivity();

			}
		});
	}

	private void startBookMarksActivity() {
		Log.i(TAG, "Entered startBookMarksActivity()");
		Intent bookmarkIntent = new Intent(ActivityLoaderActivity.this, BookmarksActivity.class);
		this.startActivity(bookmarkIntent);
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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This is my first Audi, and I was Lucky enough to find a fine example of a 2.3 1989 model.
I am just getting to know it, and I noticed that there is no light in the heater/blower/ventilation knobs.
I suppose they should be illuminated in red ? Does anyone know how to change these bulbs ?
Also I noticed the rubber cover on the back of the right headlamp is missing. Is it possible to get just the cover without buying the whole lamp ?
There are 3 knobs and plastic cover around it. Cover must be removed to replace the bulb. If my memory serves me right then the cover must be pulled out by using screwdriver or anything like it.
It was quite easy: Pull the 3 knobs out, unscrew 2 screws, pull the frame out, and there was the bulb - no problem.
Fantastic car to drive daily - great comfort despite its 25 years.
I have replaced the bulbs with LED lights on all my display knobs on my Audi 100 Avant 2,0E -89.
I have a rubber lining for the front light if you want.


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Rasberry: What makes a "good" feminist?
Feminist Food for Thought
Kate Rasberry|February 5, 2016
"Feminists." When you hear the word, most people think of a set few types of people. Some recall a woman who insists upon women's rights without appearing particularly supportive of her views in her own practice. Some think of boyfriends who have been "whipped" into participating in their girlfriends' interests, or female philosophers who propose that the vagina means more than what we think it means.
Most jump to an image of the extremely proactive, single-minded woman constantly attending events and arguing about anything from civil rights to universally present social stigmas to evolutionary theories of gender and sexuality. It's a narrow set of roles we've allowed feminists to occupy, but it begs the question, are these the only valid types of feminists?
Recently, due to more media coverage of feminism and self-proclaimed feminist celebrities, we have ironically forgotten what it means to be a feminist. More specifically, we're uncertain what it means to be a "good" feminist.
Feminism in its most basic form means to support the idea that men and women should be allowed political, economic and social equality in rights and opportunities. Within this definition, there are no contractual obligations to be the loudest supporter of feminism or to be an active rally-goer; there are no lifestyle ties to feminism other than believing that feminism is the way that societies should operate.
That isn't to say that anyone who does more for feminism's cause is a "bad" feminist or not a feminist at all; certain people are driven to spread feminist values and to educate those who refuse or fail to understand what feminism entails. However, by working towards feminist values in everyday life, while less involved, is just as valid.
But what ideals of feminism should one work towards if one wishes to be a "good" feminist?
It's an important question, but one which most people have to figure out themselves. For some, the ideals you should work towards depend on what wave of feminism you most agree with or from a mix of ideals from different waves, different philosophies, different feminist academics from whom you can cherry-pick.
As of right now, most of the world experiencing feminism is seeing the oncoming of fourth wave feminism. Fourth wave feminism is all about accepting one's body, embracing sexuality and demonstrating one's prowess in knowledge of oneself, making efforts to be all-inclusive to all other minorities (race, disability, LGBTQ+, etc.) and empowering women to see differences, but learning to overcome them. This is in stark contrast to second wave feminism, which still wanted to empower women, but only focused on improving lives of more socially conservative cis-white women who were above working class and carried hefty prejudices towards women in the sex industry.
For others, the previous method sounds far too in-depth for most everyday people, or at least people who are less invested in feminism's history. In that case, the feminist ideals that you should work towards are also ones you recognize as important from your own experiences.
Personally, I remember as a preschooler climbing to the top of a playground set in the schoolyard where all the boys in my class would go during recess and block any girls from entering. Being the person I was I decided to change the standard the boys set in place by forcing my way into the playset. I might have pushed some boys out of the way a bit too aggressively, but when I reached the top of the playset I recall yelling, "Girls can play here too."
As cheesy as my five-year old self was, it was important to me that the boys share the playset with the girls because it was nonsensical to bar one half of the class from playing in a certain area because of a preconceived notion about how little kids should act around the opposite gender. And let's be real, they didn't own the playset.
Historically speaking, that wasn't the only incident where a group of people set up a standard that I didn't agree with. I guarantee that other people have experienced similar things. Maybe they were small things, things that you could overlook at the time, but nevertheless discomforted you.
Those things, those behaviors that you see as unfair or unjust are worth paying attention to. They allow you to set up a system for yourself to improve how you interact with others and employing others on how to interact with you.
As for what makes one a "good" feminist, the best answer I can provide is simply that a "good" feminist is one who is open-minded and has feminist ideals that they make the best attempts to live by. Granted, everyone does something they are against; we are all hypocrites at one point or another.
But those feminists who recognize their hypocrisy and humbly work to diminish it are the better feminists. They will also recognize that feminism is an ever-evolving movement: It comes in many forms and increasingly changes, making feminism all about reevaluation and striving to be better, more fair to each other.
Those who recognize this are the "good" feminists.
Kate Rasberry is a second-year student.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


एक्साइड लाइफ निर्मल जीवन इंश्योरेंस प्लान क्या है?
The information herein is based on the assumption that the user is a male, non-smoker all standard age proofs will be provided and all the premiums will be paid annually. It is also an indicative of the terms, conditions, warranties and exceptions contained in the policy terms and conditions of Exide Life Nirmal Jeevan. Please read this benefit illustration in conjunction with the product brochure, policy Terms and Conditions/Rider Terms and conditions to understand the Terms & Conditions & Exclusions carefully before concluding the sale. In the event of any inconsistency/ambiguity between the terms contained herein and the policy terms and conditions, the policy terms and conditions shall prevail.


The APC wishes to thank the PAL Foundation through the Executive Director, Ms. Ma. Carmen Aquino Sarmiento, and staff for their generous support in bringing our APC publications to Cagayan de Oro for free via air cargo.
Our deepest gratitude for your kind support to the community, especially the kids in Bendum. More power on your mission.


IHG Reel Summer Event – Free Hotel Night!!
As one of our valued IHG® Rewards Club members, you and a guest are invited to join us for an exclusive rooftop screening of the Academy Award®-winning film "Gravity" hosted by Actor Josh Lucas.
Evening festivities will feature theater-themed hors d'oeuvres, signature cocktails and fun surprises. Can't wait to see you there.
It sounded interesting, and I am not one to pass up a good event, so I RSVP'ed immediately!
Well, the event was Tuesday night and I am so happy that I went! Can I just say WOW?! The Reel Summer promotion is a multi-faceted promotion, including contests, sweepstakes and extra points for hotel stays. I think of it as a Big Win with a Hollywood summer twist!
Even the floor had stars!
The space was a huge loft-like room. The color was white-wash, with pink lights for emphasis.
One area was set up with food and a bar. There were two large tables of food – one with all sorts of cheeses, salamis, tapenades and breads, and the other with an assortment of movie-house themed candies and popcorns. There were also hors d'oeuvres being served by waiters.
Another area of the room was set up for the movie screening.
There was also a photo booth set up for guests to record their own 15-second film and enter same in the IHG Reel Summer contest. The photo booth was great, and participants were offered all sorts of props – such as funny glasses, hats and boa wraps. Won't Run and I went for a Great Gatsby type of look. We had fun, making our own 15-second "Reel Summer Movie Moment." I don't think we'll be winning any awards, but it was a hoot.
Finally, there was a "red carpet" photo area – I had my photo taken with both Won't Run and with Josh Lucas, the celebrity sponsor for IHG's Reel Summer Promotion. I didn't know who he was at first, but once I was told he was a star in the film Sweet Home Alabama, I knew immediately. Sweet Home Alabama is one of those movies that I must have watched 25 times!
From start to finish, the event was amazing. It was also a lot of fun! Guests were encouraged to post on Twitter, Instagram and Facebook to @IHGRewardsClub using the hashtag #ReelSummer for a prize of 150,000 IHG points. If you look at my twitter page, you'll see that I got very into this contest, and frankly, I think I should win!
I also had the opportunity to speak with many of the people from the IHG team – what a great group of dedicated, enthusiastic, friendly people.
After an hour and a half of mingling and cocktails, guests were asked to sit down for the feature presentation, an introduction to IHG the Reel Summer promotion followed by a screening of the film Gravity. This was supposed to take place on the rooftop, but due to rain, had been moved inside. IHG showed a short film introducing their Reel Summer promotion, and then discussed IHG's philosophy and accomplishments. They also discussed their newest hotel brand, the first hotel brand designed for wellness and fitness – EVEN.
After the movie, which was quite intense, the festivities ended and each couple was handed on small IHG shopping bag. In it was a bottle of water, some promotional materials and a card with a code for 10,000 IHG points.
But wait! There was also a piece of parchment rolled up. What did it say? I was flabbergasted when I opened it – it was a certificate for a free night at one of the new EVEN hotels!
I am not sure if this was IHG's only Reel Summer event, or if they are planning more events around the country. All I can say is, if you receive an invitation – GO!
I 'm attaching some photos from the evening- credit for the good photos goes to Won't Run, who may not run, but often takes better photos than I do!
That looks great and there are other dates! I'm sure I have a list somewhere, but I remember Atlanta and some California cities, too! Congrats on the free night!
thanks! please let me know about the other dates if you find out!
I doubt they'll be bringing this to a medium sized market like PDX but I sure wish they would! Sounds like a lovely party!
Looks fun! I'm going to the one in San Francisco and am looking forward to it even more now that I've read your report.


Location: Sabuk is a unique bush home perched high on a cliff overlooking the Ewaso Nyiro River in the Northern Frontier District, overlooking Samburuland and the Karisia Hills to the north, as well as the Laikipia plains and Mount Kenya to the east.
Rooms: Each of the 5 spacious open-fronted stone and thatched cottages and the two Eagle Cottages has its own unique design and the furniture has been handcrafted from local materials. All the rooms are very comfortably furnished and have fabulous views even from the baths of most rooms! Most have daybeds where you can relax overlooking the river during siesta time, or sleep out under the stars if you wish.
Facilities: The main area comprises a spacious and comfortable open front lounge overlooking the gorge, the dining area, a bar, a deck and a library providing books & games. There is also a stunning, cliff-top infinity pool with far-reaching views over the valley below.
Activities: Day & night game drives are enjoyed at Sabuk and you are also encouraged to leave the vehicles behind and enjoy the excellent walking and guided camel treks. River swimming, tubing and fishing can also be enjoyed, as well as Samburu cultural visits and optional horse riding.
Our Opinion: Sabuk offers the ideal location for a true wilderness adventure in a really beautiful wilderness setting. Owner and manager Verity Williams was one of the first female guides in Kenya and makes an exceptional host with some fascinating stories to share. Meals are enjoyed al fresco whenever possible, including bush breakfasts and lunches if you are on a game drive or bush walk. The lodge also specialises in arranging multiple camel treks with fly camping in simple dome tents to explore the more remote areas of the conservancy.


Thirteen years after a show-stopping performance of their hit Who Do You Think You Are, the Spice Girls were given a chance to celebrate at last night's Brit Awards after being honoured with the Best BRITs Performance of the Last 30 Years title.
Beating out such heavyweights as Sir Paul McCartney and Robbie Williams, the ladies proved their iconic status in music. The girl group enjoyed astronomical success in the 1990s and split in 2000 after the departure of Geri 'Ginger Spice' Halliwell in 1998.
In 2007, the girls teamed up for a reunion tour in Europe and North America, and proving they still had loyal fans, the shows went on to earn them the Billboard 2008 Touring Award for Top Boxscore.


§ 1081. Administration of Courts.
§ 1082. Authority to administer oaths and take acknowledgments.
§ 1083. Oath of Office.
§ 1084. Practice of law prohibited.
§ 1086. Cooperation with National Judiciary.
§ 1087. Sessions and records to be public.
§ 1088. Publication of decision.
§ 1089. Disposition of fines and fees.
§ 1090. Costs; Allocation of costs.
(3) The Chief Justice is the chief administrator of the unified judicial system of the State.
Source: CSL 190-08, § 20.
Each justice, municipal judge, the administrative director, clerk and assistant clerks of Court and officers of the State and Municipal Courts so designated by the Chief Justice or as prescribed by law, shall have the power to administer oaths and affirmations, take acknowledgments and exercise all power of a notary public.
Source: CSL 190-08, § 23.
Each justice, municipal judge, the administrative director and officers of the State and Municipal Courts shall take and subscribe to an oath of office prescribed by statute.
Source: CSL 190-08, § 24.
§1084. Practice of law prohibited.
Each justice, judge, municipal judge, the administrative director, clerk and assistant clerks, officers, and employees of the State Supreme Court, Municipal Courts and inferior courts shall not practice law.
Source: CSL 190-08, § 26.
(1) Any Justice shall have the power to punish contempt of court. Contempt of Court is (a) any intentional obstruction by any person of the administration of justice, or of any officer of the court acting in his official capacity, or any intentional disobedience or resistance to the court's lawful writ, process, order, rule, decree or command.
(b) Any person accused of committing a criminal contempt shall have a right to notice of the charges and an opportunity to present a defense and mitigation; provided that no punishment of a fine of more than $100.00 or imprisonment shall be imposed unless the accused is given a right to notice of the charges, to a speedy public trial, to confront the witnesses against him, to compel the attendance of witnesses in his behalf, to have the assistance of counsel, and to be released on bail pending adjudication of the charges. He shall have a right to be charged within three months of the contempt and a right not to be charged twice for the same contempt; and a person found to be in criminal contempt of court shall be fined not more than $1,000 or imprisoned for not more than six months or both.
(3) Any adjudication of contempt is subject to appeal to the Appellate Division of the State Supreme Court. Any punishment of contempt may be stayed pending appeal, but a punishment of imprisonment shall be stayed on appeal automatically, unless the court finds that a stay of imprisonment will cause an immediate obstruction of justice, which finding must be supported by written findings of fact. A denial of a stay of imprisonment is subject to review.
Source: CSL 190-08, § 27.
The Chief Justice of the State Supreme Court may establish suitable arrangements and procedures for joint utilization by the State Supreme Court and national judiciary of facilities, clerks, officers, and employees.
Source: CSL 190-08, § 28.
(1) All sessions and records of the courts shall be public, except as otherwise ordered by the court for good cause.
(2) Any person desiring to attend any session that has been closed or to view any record that has been suppressed may petition the court closing the session or suppressing the record. Any person may appeal the action of the court on the petition to the Appellate Division of the State Supreme Court.
Source: CSL 190-08, § 29.
All decisions of the Appellate Division of the State Supreme Court, including concurring and dissenting opinions, shall be published. The Trial Division of the State Supreme Court may order one or more of its decisions to be published.
Source: CSL 190-08, § 30.
The administrative director of the State Supreme Court shall periodically transmit to the State Director of Finance fines and fees collected in the State Supreme Court for deposit in the General Fund of the State.
Source: CSL 190-08, § 31.
(2) The court may allow and tax any additional items of cost of actual disbursement, other than fees of counsel, which it deems just and finds to have been necessarily incurred for services which were actually and necessarily performed.
(3) Where there is more than one prevailing or losing party, costs may be apportioned by the court as it deems just.
Source: CSL 190-08, § 32.
The Chief Justice of the State Supreme Court shall prepare and submit through the Governor, as a separate item, to the Legislature an annual consolidated budget with supporting justification for the entire unified judicial system for the State of Chuuk.
Source: CSL 190-08, § 33.


Barter Books : Baines, Edward : The History of the County Palatine and Duchy of Lancaster. 4 volumes.
Numerous engravings including two hand coloured maps and fold out tables.
290 x 220 mm (11 x 9 inches) - 624pp; 680pp; 760pp; 876pp.
G+ : in Good condition plus with marbled eps. Cover lightly rubbed. Some offsetting. Fold out plan of Manchester in volume II torn with some loss.


Once more, FUTEBOL was represented in the main European telecom scientific event, promoted by the European Commission. The project was represented by Dr. Luiz DaSilva, Dr. Johann Marquez-Barja, Dr. Yi Zhang, Dr. Frank Slyne and MSc. Sami Lehtonen. The 27th edition was in Ljubljana, Slovenia from 18/06/2018 until 21/06/2018.There, the FUTEBOL had a demo booth focusing the TCD and VTT testbeds. Moreover, TCD helped with the organization of "Optical and Wireless Network Convergence: An Enabler for 5G" workshop (https://www.eucnc.eu/workshops/workshop-5/) and Dr. Yi Zhang gave a presentation with the title "Software-defined Radio (SDR) and Software-defined Network (SDN) integration for converged 5G networks", where the FUTEBOL project was highlighted.


Album: I'm glad to have found this site!!
I am just testing my ability to write a decent story. I love sci-fi, westerns, comic books and non fiction stories. I hope to be here for a long time and maybe make a few friends along the way.
I'm glad to have found this site!!


The Longman Preparation Course for the TOEFL Test: iBT Lesson Plans provide step-by-step instruction for using the Studwent Book and suggestions for interactive classrooms. Longman Preparation Course for the TOEFL Test: iBT gives high-intermediate to advanced students all the tools they need to succeed on the TOEFL test. The Student Book features diagnostic pre-tests and post-tests, plus eight mini-tests and two complete TOEFL tests. The CD-ROM includes an additional eight mini-tests and two new complete tests.


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You are at:Home»Immigration Issues»Population»The Land of a Thousand Lakes is Running Out of Water
The Land of a Thousand Lakes is Running Out of Water
By Guest Opinion February 28, 2013 9 Comments
Last September FAIR released a report about escalating water shortages throughout the United States. We pointed out that an inadequate supply of fresh water is not just a problem in the arid Southwest. A recent article from the Star Tribune in Minnesota illustrates this phenomenon.
…[M]any regions in the state have reached the point where people are using water — and then sending it downstream — faster than the rain and snow can replenish it.
Last year, Minnesotans used a record amount of water, fueling a rising number of conflicts…Now state regulators, who have never said no to a water permit, for the first time are planning to experiment with more stringent rules that will require some
local communities to allocate scarce water.
"It's scary," said Dennis Healy, who runs the Pipestone Rural Water System in southwest Minnesota. "The time is coming that there is going to have to be some rationing."
Ensuring that we protect and preserve our natural resources is one of the reasons why the United States needs to reduce immigration. Many Americans fail to realize the stress that rapid population growth is placing on our nation's water supply system. Journalist Josephine Marcotty explains well how the problem has arisen in eastern Minnesota:
The most visible example [of water depletion]is White Bear Lake. Since 1980, nearby communities have more than doubled the volume of water they pump from the Prairie du Chien aquifer they share with the lake, primarily because of higher residential demand. Now, the lake drops even during wet periods.
Once neighbors use that water — for showers, cooking, watering lawns — it becomes wastewater and is sent to the Pig's Eye treatment plant near St. Paul, where it is cleaned and released into the Mississippi River — short-circuiting the natural system that keeps water in the lake. The U.S. Geological Survey found recently that it would take annual rainfall that is 4 inches above normal just to keep White Bear Lake where it is now.
It is inevitable that the United States will face up to this crisis at some point, but our national "leaders" steadfastly refuse to even talk about resource depletion. You would think that even politicians could figure out that water is kind of important for the economy. Maybe they'll just bring in more H-1B workers to help out with thirst management.
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The latest guest opinion pieces from FAIR.
The "Day Without Immigrants" From A Legal Immigrant Perspective
U.S. Foreign-Born Population Booms With Biden
Mass Migration, Globalism, And The Diminishing of Citizenship
John WInthrop on March 3, 2013 12:22 pm
THE FACT is that we are headed to a Warm Climate issue worldwide and studies have shown the population will migration outwards from the mid section of the US to North and South….if this happens and once it happens nothing else matters…………………………………………………..
People will move accordingly and those illegally/legally that can go to a better place overseas will leave….the point here is that everything else will move around this issue……………………remember CHINA is as big as the US with nearly 4 times our present population……………………………….so we have hope.
Leland on March 4, 2013 3:50 pm
And China has a severe shortage of clean water, and severe water pollution problems.
John Winthrop on March 2, 2013 3:50 am
With or without immigration this is a fact. The mid section of the US as Climate changes happen and gets hotter all population will migrated to the north side etc etc………………..
softwarengineer on March 4, 2013 1:56 pm
John, You Omit Overpopulation in MN
The open border types think all that open farm land needs houses and more people….where's the water to harvest food in America's bread basket doing that INSANE THING?
He's reading an article about water shortages already existing in Minnesota, and suggesting it's no problem if more people move there? That's logic for you.
Marie on February 28, 2013 7:38 pm
Every time someone makes the conncection between water shortage the need to reduce immigration, someone else says, "It's all the rich people who are to blame, with their swimming pools and lush lawns and golf courses that need a lot of watering." A panelist on To the Contrary, was the most recent. She jumped in with that almost before the person who had brought up the mass-immigration-water-shortage connection could finish speaking.
HOW DO YOU REPLY TO PEOPLE WHO ONLY BLAME THE RICH?
Concerned Citizen on February 28, 2013 6:44 pm
More evidence that mass immigration ideology flies in the face of nature and common sense.
Leland on February 28, 2013 3:50 pm
I've seen so called "solutions" to our water shortages, but the fact is they are very expensive. Some say the solution to water shortages in the western part of the country is a pipeline from the Great Lakes. Ignoring that the Great Lakes are at record lows, it would still cost a tremendous amount of money to pump water that far, particularly over the Rocky mountains.
Others say desalinization of ocean water is the answer. But that's just near the coasts and it is also a very expensive process. Atlanta is in a big court fight with Florida and Alabama over water that was supposed to supply rivers in those two states, and Atlanta is taking too much water from a reservoir.
And this is while our population is 315 million. But we have been increasing by almost 30 million per decade and if our present high levels increase even more, due to immigration "reform", that pace will increase. We are already looking at 425 million well before 2050.
Mass Immigration Is Unsustainable on March 8, 2013 10:59 pm
It's like those who say that we can theoretically survive (barely) with a population of x–as if we should just head straight to the breaking point and deal with it then. Nuts.


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Sad Chord Progressions
How To Play Emotional Songs on Guitar
If you are looking to write a sad song, we are here to help. Luckily there are a handful of chord progressions that will make you cry, weep, wail, and contemplate all your relationships and life decisions. So, grab some tissues and your guitar and let's get depressed! (if you want to learn how to connect chords, check my 52 Chord Progressions ebook)
What Makes a Song Sad?
There are a few different answers to this question, but one of the main ones is minor chords. In general, the major lifts us up and the minor brings us down. However, we can use other chord voicings to get a low feeling, sometimes diminished and 7th chords provide the necessary vibe.
Popular Sad Chord Progressions
vi-IV-I-V
Example in the key of C: Am F C G
This progression is sometimes called a "sensitive female progression" as it was common in 90's alternative songs by women like "One of Us", "Building a Mystery", and "Foolish Games". But it has been around for a long time with songs like "The Passenger", and "San Francisco". It is a similar progression to the Axis of Awesome and very common.
P.S. Those Roman Numbers above are a way to denote progressions, in the free download area you find a complete reference about this system. You can also check my Nashville vs Roman numbers system here.
I-vi-IV-V
Example in the key of C: C Am F G
The doo wop progression is well suited to both happy and sad songs, depending on the melody and singing style. It is especially a great chord sequence for reflective songs with a "happy" sad tone. Songs like "Earth Angel", "Unchained Melody", and "Stand By Me".
I-iii-IV-V
Example in the key of C: C Em F G
This one's for rock ballads like "Hungry Heart" and "Every Tme You Go Away". The minor 3rd is always a help when dealing with sad songs and it mixes great with the 1-4-5.
I-vi-ii-V
Example in the key of C: C Am Dm G
This is a common progression for jazz standards along with sad songs, as we get "Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas", and "Without You" when we mi
x the vi and ii. If you want to write a very sad or contemplative tune, this is a great progression to pick. Sometimes the ii is replaced with the iii and used in doo wop also.
i-i/7-IV/b4-VI
Example: Am Am/G D/F# F
This progression may seem confusing but it would look like these chords; Am-Am/G-D/F#-F. This is the progression for "While My Guitar Gently Weeps". And chord progressions with descending bass lines often make great sad songs, there is something about moving down in notes that takes our mood with it!
i-VII-IV
Example in the key of Bm: Bm A E
This one is similar to the rock I-bVII-IV, just using minors for a sadder vibe. The most popular example being "Wicked Game".
i-VII-VI-V
Example in the key of Am: Am G F E
This is often seen as Am-G-F-E or (A-G-F-E) and is present in songs like "I Can't Tell You Why" and "Science Fiction, Double Feature". The flamenco vibe gives it a mysterious feeling on top of being a little sad.
i-VI-v
Example in the key of Am: Am F Em
A progression like Am-F-Em-Am makes for quite the depressing chord sequence and is used in "Requiem for a Dream".
iii-ii-I
Example in the key of C: Em Dm C
Chord progressions like this or with the IV mixed in are often used as interludes or bridges. They don't stay strong on their own for long, but add extra melancholy feelings when they are used in songs like "November Rain" and "Let's Stay Together".
i-V-i-bVII-bIII-i-V
Example in the key of Am: Am E7 Am G C G Am E7 Am
Of course, we can't forget La Folia, the oldest progression in western music. When played it has a medieval and courtly sound, but can easily be molded into a tune of epic sadness. Try playing Am-E7-Am-G-C-G-Am-E7-Am and you hear the sad potential!
You find more progressions (with chord diagrams for all the keys, not just C) in my complete ebook 52 Chord Progressions.
Other Ways to Make the Song Sad
You are not just limited to chord progressions, there are several different ways to help bring the mood down. Using descending chromatic notes can work; like with the famous sad trombone.
Your guitar technique will also be a little different, as you will usually not be adding in syncopation or staccato playing. Most of the time your notes will be longer and more deliberate in legato style.
Techniques like vibrato will definitely have their place, along with expressive bends. With a sad song it can often be said that less is more, keep it simple and don't play too loud.
And it's more than just your guitar playing, vocals can be a big part of making a song sad. Besides the specific mindful lyrics, you will also be making larger melodic leaps in notes when emotional parts hit. Think of all the sad songs where the singer builds to a crescendo or modulates from loud to soft to convey their feelings. If you are a really awesome guitarist you may just be able to translate a killer vocal line to your guitar.
Guitar effects pedals can also help with chorus, reverb, delay, echo, and all manner of wails and shrieks. In general, you want pedals that can add a dreamlike quality and ambience, nothing like crazy overdrive and distortion. If you use any harmonizers you will be wanting intervals and chords that are minor.
Rhythms To Try Out
It will also be helpful to use slower tempos and try out some different genres. The rhythms below are great to write sad songs to, pick a key and chord progression up above and try playing along with these grooves.
4/4 Slow Jazz Brush Groove
4/4 Slow Motown Groove
4/4 Slow Rock Groove
If you use one of the progressions above, especially those with minor chords, you will have no problem writing a sad song. That is if you remember the final pointer to writing a "down" ditty; a sad song is best written right away, when the sadness is real and raw.
The key is to not forget your music theory in the bad moment! And don't let the tears smudge the lyrics...
For more chord progressions and new song ideas, you might find useful my ebook "52 Chord Progressions | Learn How To Connect Chords and Create Great Songs ", check it out here.
The Best Time to Enroll a Guitar Course was 1 year ago. The second Best time is Now.
Imagine what great guitarist you could be in 1 year with a professional guitar course that takes you step-by-step from A to Z.
Here's a complete guide that helps find the perfect learning system for you:
How To Learn Guitar With Online Lessons
Unusual chords progressions from 11 guitar experts
11 guitar teachers share their favorite and unusual chord progressions. You'll learn new chord sequences that will make your song more interesting..
This lesson shows you the most common chord progressions: learn how to play them combined with modulation, borrowed chords and secondary dominants.


text:
Accenture appoints Tomas Volek as CEO for Hungary and Slovakia
24 May 2018 Consultancy.eu
Global consulting and technology firm Accenture has named Tomáš Volek as Country Managing Director for Hungary and Slovakia. Volek, who succeeds Peter Škodný, has been tasked with continuing the firm's growth in both countries, with a specific focus on expanding Accenture's footprint in innovation and digital transformation.
Tomáš Volek has been with Accenture for over two decades. He joined the firm in 1996, and over the course of his first fifteen years at the consultancy served as a technology expert, working on several large systems integration projects across industries in Western and Eastern Europe, Russia, Turkey and India. In 2003, he set up the Bratislava Delivery Center for Technology, and in 2012 Volek was promoted to Managing Director – the equivalent of the Partner level at Accenture. In the same year, he took on the role of Head of Technology Delivery Centres for the Central Eastern European (CEE) region, spanning Slovakia, Romania, Czech and Hungary.
Today, Accenture's CEE Technology Delivery Centres employs more than 1,500 professionals – who provide technology services and digital capabilities to Accenture clients worldwide, with a focus on the Austria, Germany and Switzerland region, also known as DACH. The region's latest centre was established in Budapest, which opened its doors in November 2016.
Commenting on the news at the time, Volek said, "We are building teams with advanced skills in core and new technologies, and expertise in the most advanced delivery models, including agile delivery, continuous integration, DevOps and highly automated delivery processes, to help our clients rotate to future-proof IT." He added, "Accenture's Delivery Centres [the seven in CEE] provide our clients with access to the right mix of local and global resources, using state-of-the-art technologies, intelligent tools, artificial intelligence, lightweight architectures and industry assets."
In his new role, which he assumed on May 1, 2018, Volek leads Accenture's operations in Slovakia and Hungary. In the latter country, the firm currently employs approximately 350 professionals, located at two offices in Budapest. Accenture however announced at the start of this year that it has launched an expansion plan for its Hungarian business, with plans on the table to recruit a further 200 professionals in 2018 alone. The move comes at a time when Hungarian executives are most optimistic about their growth prospects, according to a PwC study, a development which provides consulting firms such as Accenture with more opportunities for growth.
Accenture's headcount in Slovakia is at the time of writing unknown – across the CEE the consultancy has around 6,000 employees.
Volek's predecessor Peter Škodný has now become the Chief Commercial Officer for B2B at T-Mobile Czech Republic and Slovakia. On his last day of service, he wrote on LinkedIn about his departure: "After 26 years and 10 months, today is my last day with Accenture. I will miss all the great people I had the privilege to work with and learn from during that time."
Christopher Cardona and Ian Curmi partner at PwC in Malta PwC in Malta has kicked off the year with two new partners, Christopher Cardona and Ian Curmi, lifting the size of its partner and director team in the country to over twenty-five.
Bain & Company hits Italian milestone with trio of new partners Bain & Company has hit a milestone in Italy. With the appointment of three new partners, the consultancy now has over 50 partners.
BCG senior partner Axel Reinaud launches start-up NetZero Managing Director and Senior Partner at Boston Consulting Group (BCG) in Paris Axel Reinaud has broken off to launch his own venture NetZero – set up to help corporates cut down on carbon emissions.
Accenture news
More Accenture
France's lagging vaccine rollout puts the lens on consultants As France's vaccine roll out continues to struggle, more and more criticism is mounting on government leaders, and the consultants they are using to help deliver inoculations.
Europe's top consulting firms for AWS solutions and services Cloud and software giant Amazon has unveiled the 2020 winners of its annual AWS Awards, lauding more than 100 companies globally for their excellence in designing, deploying and running solutions on
Accenture, Cisco and Sirti help Enel with IT transformation Enel Group has taken a big step towards its digitalisation ambition by establishing one of the largest network virtualisation infrastructures in the world.
More Hungary
Central European airspace alliance retains Helios and Integra The Functional Airspace Block Central Europe (FAB CE), the organisation that manages the airspace of seven Central European countries, has retained the services of Helios and Integra Consult.
Czech-based GuideVision joins consulting arm of Infosys Czech advisory firm GuideVision has been acquired by global IT services firm Infosys for a reported €30 million. GuideVision will join Infy Consulting – an advisory subsidiary of Infosys.
Seven ways how sales should respond to the Covid-19 crisis For companies to stay on top of their revenues and margins during the Covid-19 crisis, leaders need to make sure their sales teams adapt quickly and effectively to the new market environment.
Slovakia news
More Slovakia
SFAI expands network in Serbia, Slovakia and Romania Global professional services network SFAI has expanded its presence in Eastern Europe with three new members firms. In Serbia, Belgrade-based Law office of Dragana Lj.
Automotive firms eye CEE region for software R&D engineers Demand for software research & development (R&D) engineers in Western Europe's automotive sector is outpacing supply, pushing many companies to look towards the Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) regio


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Question: How Do You Get The Realtor Symbol?
How do you get the R with a circle around it?
Can I use the word Realtor in my logo?
How do I get the trademark symbol on my phone?
What does ™ mean?
What does AR with a circle mean?
Can I use the word Realtor in my domain name?
Can I use Realty in my domain name?
How do I type the at symbol?
How do you type symbols?
How do you text a trademark symbol?
Hold down the "Alt" key and type 0174 using the number pad on the right of the keyboard, if using a Windows-based computer.
When you release the "Alt" key, the symbol appears.
As one of many enclosed alphanumerics, the symbol is an "R" within a circle.
The symbols can be generated with the unicode definitions:
U+24C7 Ⓡ CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R (HTML Ⓡ )
U+24E1 ⓡ CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER R (HTML ⓡ )
U+00AE ® REGISTERED SIGN (HTML ® · ® )
No, the REALTOR® marks cannot be included in the legal or DBA name of any firm. Members are authorized to use the REALTOR® marks in conjunction with the legal name of their real estate business (i.e., real estate brokerage) in advertising, signage, etc. 5.
To type symbols such as the trademark symbol on your Android, you need to switch to the symbols page on the keyboard.
Tap in a text entry field to bring up the onscreen keyboard.
Press the "?
Tap on "~{" to bring up a second page of symbols.
Push the trademark symbol to insert it in your text.
The trademark symbol (™) is a symbol to indicate that the preceding mark is a trademark. It is usually used for unregistered trademarks, as opposed to the registered trademark symbol (®) which is reserved for trademarks registered with the appropriate government agency.
The term REALTOR®, whether used as part of a domain name or in some other fashion, must refer to a member or a member's firm. The term REALTOR® may not be used with descriptive words or phrases. For example, Number1realtor.com, numberone-realtor.com, chicagorealtors.org or realtorproperties.com are all incorrect.
You can use the word realty in your business name and in your website domain name. You cannot however, use the word "Realtor®" or "Realtors®" or "Realtor-Associates®" (unless they apply to you and your company) as those marks are registered with the United States Patent and Trademark Office.
How To Get the @ Symbol on a Windows Laptop. On a laptop with a numeric keypad, press Ctrl + Alt + 2, or Alt + 64. On an English keyboard for the United States, press Shift + 2.
To insert an ASCII character, press and hold down ALT while typing the character code. For example, to insert the degree (º) symbol, press and hold down ALT while typing 0176 on the numeric keypad. You must use the numeric keypad to type the numbers, and not the keyboard.
Hold down the "Alt" key and type 0174 using the number pad on the right of the keyboard, if using a Windows-based computer. When you release the "Alt" key, the symbol appears. How can I do it on Android? Tap in a text entry field to bring up the onscreen keyboard.
Question: What Is A Utility Reimbursement From Section 8?
"In the Section 8 moderate rehabilitation program
How Do I Know I Bought The Right House?
How many houses should you view before buying?
Question: What Does It Mean When A House Is Under Contract Option Pending?
It means a buyer has submitted an offer that has been
Question: How Much Do I Need To Make To Buy A 200k House?
How much income do I need for a 200k mortgage?
Question: What Are The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Owning Your Own Home?
Owning vs. Renting Own Or Rent Advantages Homeownership


Unmatched inventory and responsiveness for minimal downtime.
The industry's most comprehensive warranty for guaranteed performance.
Nothing short of factory-grade performance backed by Quality Assurance 360°.
Fully reconditioned ultrasound systems for maximum cost savings.


text:
Special Reports > Features
Gastroenterologist Arrested After Sexual Assault Allegations
— Cleveland Clinic says it immediately reported accusations to law enforcement
by Sophie Putka, Enterprise & Investigative Writer, MedPage Today December 22, 2022
A gastroenterologist at the Cleveland Clinic was accused of sexual assault and arrested this week, according to court filings.
Omar Massoud, MD, PhD, allegedly sexually assaulted three patients during examinations, reports stated.
The Cleveland Clinic said it fired Massoud after investigating the reports of sexual assault, which they also reported to authorities.
Massoud is charged with three counts of gross sexual imposition and kidnapping for offenses alleged to have happened March 25, and again on November 11 and November 28, according to court records.
Kidnapping in Ohio can mean restraining someone else's liberty to engage in sexual activity against their will. In this case, Massoud is charged with aggravated kidnapping in the first degree, a felony that can carry 3 to 11 years in prison.
Gross sexual imposition encompasses many kinds of sexual assault, and his charge, a third-degree felony, can carry 9 to 36 months of imprisonment. Ohio law specifies that gross sexual imposition is usually a fourth-degree felony, but is a third-degree felony if the sexual contact happened under a number of more serious circumstances.
Massoud was the head of hepatology at the Cleveland Clinic. He also holds an active license in Alabama, where he taught at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. Neither license listed on the Ohio or Alabama medical board sites lists any disciplinary action against him.
Massoud also held medical licenses in Minnesota and Wisconsin, with no reported actions.
In a statement, Cleveland Clinic said it is "strongly committed to protecting the rights and safety of our patients, visitors and caregivers from any type of inappropriate behavior. We have processes for employees and patients to report any concerns, which are then thoroughly investigated."
"We immediately reported the accusations to the appropriate law enforcement agencies and are fully cooperating with the investigations. Following a thorough internal investigation, this physician has been terminated."
"We care deeply about patient safety and any form of misconduct is not tolerated," the organization stated.
A representative of the State Medical Board of Ohio told MedPage Today in an email that any ongoing complaints or investigations of licensees are confidential.
Sophie Putka is an enterprise and investigative writer for MedPage Today. Her work has appeared in the Wall Street Journal, Discover, Business Insider, Inverse, Cannabis Wire, and more. She joined MedPage Today in August of 2021. Follow


text:
import xml.dom.minidom
from geopy import util
from urllib import urlencode
from urllib2 import urlopen
from geopy.geocoders.base import Geocoder

class Yahoo(Geocoder):

    BASE_URL = "http://api.local.yahoo.com/MapsService/V1/geocode?%s"

    def __init__(self, app_id, format_string='%s', output_format='xml'):
        self.app_id = app_id
        self.format_string = format_string
        self.output_format = output_format.lower()

    def geocode(self, string, exactly_one=True):
        params = {'location': self.format_string % string,
                  'output': self.output_format,
                  'appid': self.app_id
                 }
        url = self.BASE_URL % urlencode(params)
        return self.geocode_url(url, exactly_one)

    def geocode_url(self, url, exactly_one=True):
        util.logger.debug("Fetching %s..." % url)
        page = urlopen(url)

        return self.parse_xml(page, exactly_one)

    def parse_xml(self, page, exactly_one=True):
        if not isinstance(page, basestring):
            page = util.decode_page(page)

        doc = xml.dom.minidom.parseString(page)
        results = doc.getElementsByTagName('Result')

        def parse_result(result):
            strip = ", \n"
            address = util.get_first_text(result, 'Address', strip)
            city = util.get_first_text(result, 'City', strip)
            state = util.get_first_text(result, 'State', strip)
            zip = util.get_first_text(result, 'Zip', strip)
            country = util.get_first_text(result, 'Country', strip)
            city_state = util.join_filter(", ", [city, state])
            place = util.join_filter(" ", [city_state, zip])
            location = util.join_filter(", ", [address, place, country])
            latitude = float(util.get_first_text(result, 'Latitude')) or None
            longitude = float(util.get_first_text(result, 'Longitude')) or None

            # TODO use Point/Location object API in 0.95
            #if latitude and longitude:
            #    point = Point(latitude, longitude)
            #else:
            #    point = Non
            #return Location(location, point, {
            #    'Address': address,
            #    'City': city,
            #    'State': state,
            #    'Zip': zip,
            #    'Country': country
            #})

            return address, (latitude, longitude)

        if exactly_one:
            return parse_result(results[0])
        else:
            return [parse_result(result) for result in results]


Explore the famous tomb-painting of Nebamun hunting in the marshes in this interactive presentation. Your students will find out about his life and how one painting can spark enquiries into many aspects of life in ancient Egypt. Depending on group size, your students may be joined by students from other schools.
Detail from a wall-painting in the tomb-chapel of Nebamun, Thebes, Egypt, late 18th Dynasty, around 1350 BC.


Meaning and definitions of nepotism, translation in Khmer language for nepotism with similar and opposite words. Also find spoken pronunciation of nepotism in Khmer and in English language.
What nepotism means in Khmer, nepotism meaning in Khmer, nepotism definition, examples and pronunciation of nepotism in Khmer language.


Today, and in the world ahead, a Dynamic Business is guided by the enduring belief in unity. A Dynamic Business puts people at the heart of the business. It's connected with its employees, partners, and suppliers and—most importantly—with its customers.
It's proactive. It's agile. It's forward looking. It brings people together across geographies and cubicles, across roles, and teams.
Dynamic Businesses have an unrelenting focus on helping people reach their full potential and fuel their innovation and imagination. They do this by ensuring that people are truly united in their approach to business and this includes the technology they use. They turn technology and data into actionable insights that drive deeper and more productive customer interactions and conversations. To do this, the needs of the business must come together with the technology investments to deliver unified solutions and richer experiences.
It's the connections and the unity between people that empowers a business to realize its full dynamic potential. Microsoft Dynamics is committed to uniting the breadth of innovation across Microsoft—from consumer to enterprise—to deliver proactive, easy-to-use solutions that help our customers unite and become forward-looking Dynamic Businesses.
Microsoft Dynamics GP gives companies complete control over finances, resources, and decision-defining information, while giving your employees everything they need to give their best.
Microsoft Dynamics CRM is the customer relationship management software that helps your sales, marketing, and customer care teams work as one to deliver personal experiences across every interaction.


What is Transmission in a Car?
In this post I am going to tell you what is transmission in a car. We have many time heard the word "transmission". But few of us know the real meaning of it. Today I am going to answer this question and after reading this article you will know, why we use transmission in a car.
Before starting this article I have some question in my mind. I think, you should ask these question yourself and try to get the answers.
1. Why we shift lower gear when driving on the hill?
2. Why we shift higher gear when driving on straight highway?
3. If there is no transmission box in the car does it run efficiently?
4. What does transmission mean?
We should know the answers of these question, so we can take the right decision when driving a car. I think, there are many other questions arise in your mind after reading these question. So today I am going to tell you, what is transmission in a car which will clear all the doubt arises in your mind.
A transmission is a device which is used in a car for obtain different speed and torque ratio, which is known as driving ratio. A car is driven by the engine power. When the fuel burn, it generate the engine power which rotate the flywheel. We know that power is function of product of torque and speed. It means for constant power, if the torque increase, it decrease the speed or vice versa. The torque is the driving force which run the vehicle. When we climb a hill we need more force to drive the car and when we drive on straight road we need more speed to drive. But the engine generate a constant torque and speed combination. So we need a device which can obtain different torque and speed ratio, so we can drive smoothly in any driving condition. This device is known as transmission.
In the simple words, transmission is a device which can obtain the correct driving ratio according to the driving condition. It is the combination of the gears which are arranged in a manner, so it can change the gear ratio according to driving condition. This arrangement of gear is known as transmission. The transmission box is placed between clutch and the propeller shaft. The transmission box receive power from engine and transfer this power into appropriate driving ratio, to the wheels through the propeller shaft. This is the basic fundamental of transmission in a car.
Also Read : What is CVT Transmission?
1. Obtain the correct driving ratio according to driving condition.
2. Transfer the power from engine to wheels of car.
3. Obtain required torque (force) according to load condition.
4. Provide a smooth driving experience.
5. provide the facility to take reverse the vehicle.
6. Provide the neutral gear condition.
The transmission work on the basic principle of gear. We know that when a small gear drives a bigger one, we obtain more torque compare to driving gear and vice versa. So a transmission box is simply an arrangement of gear in which many small and big gear are situated on both driving and driven shaft. The driving shaft it connected to the engine shaft through clutch. The driven shaft is further connected to the propeller shaft which connected to the wheels. When we start the engine, it drives the driving shaft of transmission. Initially in natural condition the driving shaft is free to rotate and does not connected to the driven shaft. When we shift the gear one of the driving gear make pair with the driven gear, which drives the driven shaft hence wheels. The size of the driving and driven gear is depend on the torque need to move the car. When the driving condition change, we change the gear to obtain appropriate torque and speed.
You can also check the video which can more helpful to understand the working of transmission.
Today we have learn about What is Transmission in a Car. If you have any query regarding this article, ask by commenting below. If you like this article, don't forget to share it on social networks. Subscribe our website for more informative articles. Thanks for reading it.
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