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October 3, 2016 9:00AM EDT
US: Ex-Detainees Describe Unreported CIA Torture
Electric Chair Threats, Baton Beatings, Various Water Tortures
Facility in north-east Kabul believed to have been either the "Dark Prison" or the "Salt Pit," where Najjar and El-Gherissi are believed to have been held, also referred to as "Cobalt" in the Senate Summary.
© 2016, photo #151 from Negative Publicity: Artefacts of Extraordinary Rendition by Crofton Black and Edmund Clark
(New York) – Two Tunisians formerly held in secret United States Central Intelligence Agency custody have described previously unreported methods of torture that shed new light on the earliest days of the CIA program, Human Rights Watch said today. The two men, Ridha al-Najjar, 51, and Lotfi al-Arabi El Gherissi, 52, independently recounted being severely beaten with batons, threatened with an electric chair, subjected to various forms of water torture, and being chained by their arms to the ceilings of their cells for long periods.
Interview: New CIA Torture Claims
Laura Pitter, senior US national security counsel at Human Rights Watch, interviewed Ridha al-Najjar and Lofti El Gherissi in Tunisia and talked to Stephanie Hancock about their ordeal.
The United States repatriated the men to Tunisia on June 15, 2015, after 13 years in custody without charges or trial. Neither was provided compensation or support for their wrongful detention or the torture they endured, nor to help them cope with the physical and mental harm incurred. Today they are destitute, unable to work, and experiencing the consequences of serious physical and emotional trauma they believe is a direct result of their treatment in US custody.
"These terrifying accounts of previously unreported CIA torture methods show how little the public still knows about the US torture program," said Laura Pitter, senior US national security counsel at Human Rights Watch. "The release of these two men without the US providing any assistance or redress for their torture and suffering also shows how much the US still needs to do to put the CIA torture program behind it."
October 3, 2016 Video
Video: Ex-Detainee Describes Unreported CIA Torture
A Tunisian man formerly held in secret United States Central Intelligence Agency custody have described previously unreported methods of torture that shed new light on the earliest days of the CIA program. Lotfi al-Arabi El Gherissi, 52, recounted being severely beaten with batons, threatened with an electric chair, subjected to various forms of water torture, and being chained by his arms to the ceiling of his cell for a long period.
Human Rights Watch last interviewed al-Najjar and El Gherissi in August 2016. They are among the 119 men the US admitted having held in secret CIA detention when the Senate Intelligence Committee, in December 2014, released a scathing 499-page summary (Senate Summary) of a 6,700-page, still-classified report about the CIA's detention and interrogation program. The Senate Summary contains an inadequate description of the two men's treatment while in CIA custody, Human Rights Watch said.
Al-Najjar's and El Gherissi's first-hand accounts shed light on CIA mistreatment during the earliest days of the CIA program, before Afghan Gul Rahman died in CIA custody on November 20, 2002. In response to Rahman's death and other abuses, the CIA issued its first formal guidelines for detainee interrogations, though detainees continued to be brutalized.
Extract from CIA death investigation report on Gul Rahman, who died at a CIA black site in Afghanistan in November 2002.
US and Pakistani forces apprehended al-Najjar on May 22, 2002, in the southern port city of Karachi, and El Gherissi on September 24, 2002, in the northern town of Peshawar, near the border with Afghanistan. The Senate Summary says that the CIA identified al-Najjar as a bodyguard of Osama bin Laden. El Gherissi said his interrogators constantly accused him of being a member of Al-Qaeda or of having connections to terrorism. The US has not publicly provided information supporting these allegations, which al-Najjar and El Gherissi both deny and said they repeatedly denied to their interrogators.
The CIA then took custody of them and held them in several locations in Afghanistan. The one in which both said they suffered the most abuse is referred to as "Cobalt" in the Senate Summary but al-Najjar and El Gherissi called it the "Dark Prison" – as have other former prisoners held in the same facility. US authorities eventually transferred both to US military custody at Bagram airbase in Afghanistan.
Neither al-Najjar nor El Gherissi have previously publicly described their ordeal. US restrictions on communications at Bagram effectively prevented the two from communicating with the outside world while they were in military custody. The US transferred al-Najjar and El Gherissi to Afghan custody on December 9, 2014, and repatriated them to Tunisia six months later, on June 15, 2015. Tunisian authorities briefly detained the men, releasing both by the end of the month.
While the men were at Bagram, Tina Foster, executive director of the International Justice Network, sought to have a federal court review the lawfulness of their detention. But the courts denied her petition for habeas corpus, siding with the US Justice Department, which argued that Bagram was beyond the jurisdiction of US courts. Foster appealed to the US Supreme Court but the appeal was rejected as moot after the two men were released. Foster said that the entire time she represented the two detainees, the US government never permitted her to speak to them.
Human Rights Watch interviewed each man in separate locations using an Arabic language interpreter. Though the two spoke to each other at times while in US custody, they said they did not know each other prior to being apprehended, have not spoken in detail with each other about their mistreatment, and have not had contact since they were released from Tunisian custody.
Al-Najjar and El Gherissi described various methods of CIA torture, some never previously reported:
Al-Najjar described forms of water torture, including waterboarding or water dousing while on a board, "Until I couldn't breathe anymore." El Gherissi said that his head was forced repeatedly into a bucket of water to get him to "talk."
Both men said that US interrogators showed them what they said was an electric chair – a metal chair with plugs attached to wires for the fingers and a wired cap – and threatened to use it on them. Their descriptions of the chair gave the impression it was make-shift, attached to a wall pipe.
Both said they were chained to a rod in the ceilings of their cells for repeated 24-hour periods with only short breaks in between for interrogations or other forms of torture. They said it forced them to try to stand, and when they could not, to be suspended from their wrists. They called this technique "hanging" and said it made it nearly impossible to sleep. Sometimes their feet could touch the ground, at other times only their toes. Al-Najjar said that sometimes his feet could not touch the ground at all. Al-Najjar described this period of hanging as lasting roughly three months; for El Gherissi it lasted a month.
Both said US interrogators beat them with batons all over their bodies both during and after the hangings; and punched and kicked them repeatedly. Al-Najjar said the beatings resulted in broken bones, which was corroborated by independent medical analysis of his x-rays.
The release of these two men without the US providing any assistance or redress for their torture and suffering also shows how much the US still needs to do to put the CIA torture program behind it.
Laura Pitter
senior US national security counsel
In 2009, US President Barack Obama issued an executive order ending the CIA's detention and interrogation program and reiterating US adherence to federal and international law banning torture. However, despite ample evidence of criminal activity, the US has yet to conduct a credible criminal investigation into CIA torture, or to prosecute those responsible. Nor has the US offered any form of redress to the many individuals the CIA tortured or otherwise ill-treated.
Human Rights Watch raised al-Najjar's and El Gherissi's allegations of torture and mistreatment with the CIA. CIA spokesman Ryan Trapani responded in an email on September 28 that the "CIA reviewed its records and found nothing to support these new claims."
"The evidence in the public record already warranted criminal investigations into CIA torture but these new allegations further heighten the need for justice," Pitter said. "This administration has rejected the use of torture, but future administrations will carry the stain of torture until those responsible are prosecuted and the victims compensated. So long as they are confident they won't be prosecuted, US officials may again resort to torture."
For the men's detailed accounts and comparisons with the Senate Summary and other documentation, please see below.
Detailed Account by Ridha al-Najjar
Abuses at the 'Dark Prison'
Al-Najjar said that upon his arrival at the Dark Prison, his captors stripped off his clothes, threw him down on the cold concrete floor naked, and threw water on him. It was pitch black but several interrogators, including an Arab man with an Egyptian accent came into his cell with a flashlight. One of them cocked a gun to the back of his head and said if he did not talk, they would kill him. They began to beat and kick him and then hung him up on the bar for the first time. The torture sessions after that increased in length as time went on. They showed him documents and photos, and questioned him about his associations and for information about specific attacks. Another interrogator who he said frequently abused him at this facility called himself "Adel." Al-Najjar said Adel was Shia, Lebanese. He was tall and had a scar on the right part of his lower lip.
Ridha al-Najjar and Lotfi El Gherissi both described being chained to a rod in the ceilings of their cells for repeated 24-hour periods. Each said this illustration accurately depicted their treatment.
© 2016 John R. Holmes for Human Rights Watch
Hanging, Beating
Al-Najjar said he was forced to hang from the bar repeatedly over the course of roughly his first three months at the Dark Prison. Each hanging session lasted up to 24 hours and happened frequently and repeatedly. During these sessions his arms would be chained above his head to a bar at the top of the room, making it impossible to sleep. Sometimes he could touch the ground with his feet, sometimes with just his toes, and other times not at all. The captors would only take him down for interrogation sessions and other forms of torture, often by throwing him violently to the floor where they would sometimes beat and kick him. While his arms were chained to the bar, they beat him with a baton on his back and legs and also punched him in the chest, in the back, and in his kidneys. After one session, they took him to another room where he said they used bright lights to videotape and photograph his injuries. "I was a mess," he said. "I had skin hanging off me and bruises and cuts all over me."
Al-Najjar said the beatings resulted in broken bones and other injuries including broken hips, a broken ankle, a broken back, damaged knees, a damaged jaw, and pain in his head. Al-Najjar said once he was transferred to Bagram, several US military doctors apologized to him for his treatment and took X-rays of his body as well as a CT scan of his head and spine. But he said the US military would not give him copies of his medical records upon his release. Al-Najjar had X-rays taken in Tunisia on April 2, 2016, and in May showed Human Rights Watch those for his left ankle, knee and lumbar spine.
A Physicians for Human Rights medical adviser, Dr. Rohini Haar, examined photos taken of these X-rays, which she said were good enough to make some observations: "You can clearly tell his [left] ankle was broken and has healed terribly," Dr. Haar said. The images of his knees were less clear but they "suggest past trauma to the left knee." Other images were not good enough to make an assessment, she said.
Sensory Deprivation, Diapers
Al-Najjar said he is not sure exactly how long he was at the Dark Prison but during the entire time he was there it was pitch black, except for the bright lights shined in his eyes during interrogations. He never had access to toilet facilities and was kept naked or diapered the entire time. His diapers were fastened with thick tape that caused irritation and were only changed about every four days.
Food Deprivation
He said his captors fed him only about once every three days, and the food was "inedible" and "disgusting." He would find pebbles, hair, or dirt in it and one time a cigarette butt. The water also "smelled and tasted disgusting," he said. "You could only drink it if you were on the verge of death and completely dehydrated." But even then he said they did not give him enough, and at one point his tongue and mouth were "completely cracked." He said he lost 50 kilograms while there, weighing 120 kilograms when he arrived and 70 kilograms by the time he left the Dark Prison. His account is consistent with those from other prisoners held at Cobalt, subjected to similar food deprivation during the same time. He also said he lost consciousness frequently, sometimes waking up to a doctor feeling his pulse or checking his teeth and mouth.
Al-Najjar said his captors took him into a room with an "electric chair." It was made out of metal or iron, had plugs attached to wires for fitting on fingers, and a headset with wires. The description suggested make-shift apparatus, attached to a wall pipe. His US interrogators threatened during interrogations to use the chair on him, but never actually did. The room also contained other instruments used for torture, including a board that he believes his interrogators used on him on various occasions for different types of water torture, and a coffin in which they threatened to place him.
Ridha al-Najjar and Lotfi El Gherissi both described being subjected to various forms of water torture. Each said this illustration accurately depicted their treatment.
The US Attorney General approved waterboarding in July 2002. In August 2004, the CIA got "advice" from the Justice Department's Office of Legal Counsel (OLC) that so-called "water dousing" would not violate the US federal Torture Statute, though the OLC did not officially approve "water dousing" for use as an "enhanced interrogation technique" until 2005. The Senate Summary confirms that the CIA used various abusive techniques with water on at least several detainees without prior Justice Department approval and in ways not authorized. Al-Najjar told Human Rights Watch about several ways his US interrogators used water to torture him:
When being forced to hang from the bar, a strong stream of water would be directed painfully onto his head for long periods.
Interrogators would strap him onto a board that they spun around 360 degrees, disorientating him and making him dizzy. Other detainees have provided similar accounts of the CIA using a board to spin detainees fully around. They would throw buckets of extremely cold water all over him while he was strapped to the board, sometimes while he was lying flat and other times while his feet were elevated and his head tipped back. They did not pour the water directly over his face but the water would get into his nose and mouth until, as he said, "I couldn't breathe anymore and felt like I was suffocating." Other detainees have reported similar types of abuses with water on a board as well.
Interrogators strapped him to a board and put him in a tub of extremely cold water and then turned the board over so that his head and body were face down in the water and he couldn't breathe.
He was placed in a large tarp full of cold water that he estimated was 70 by 70 centimeters and that zipped at the top. They would place him inside the tarp with only a small amount of room at the top and his captors would push and shove him around while he was inside, making it very difficult for him to breathe.
His interrogators placed him in a big barrel of water, forcing his head underwater to the point where he could not breathe. Then they would pull him up and ask him questions. "They would do this until I couldn't handle it anymore and I was on the verge of completely falling apart," he said.
Role of Medical Professionals
Al-Najjar said that three or four times, he saw a doctor at the facility who treated his lacerations, measured his swelling, and at times gave him injections. After a couple of days, these injections reduced the swelling but then, he said, the hanging and the beatings would start all over again. This doctor would come in before and after the "bad" torture and give the green light to go ahead, he said. He considered the doctor a traitor, because he would come in and treat him for torture but then give a "green light" for new torture sessions.
In addition to the Dark Prison, al-Najjar was held in three other locations in Afghanistan before being transferred to US military custody. He is not sure how long he was held in these facilities.
When al-Najjar was first transferred to CIA custody from Pakistan on June 6, 2002, he was initially held at a place he believes was in the Afghan capital, Kabul, that his captors called "Intelligence 2." He was held in an underground cell, which he determined because there was a window at the top of the cell from which he could see people walking and cars driving by. He said that his captors occasionally took him for interrogation to another house, in a neighborhood called Wazir Akbar Khan. He was not mistreated badly at Intelligence 2 – no beating, just a slap in the face or an occasional kick in the foot or leg.
This place was nothing compared to where they took me next [the Dark Prison]. Compared to that, this place was like a five-star hotel.
Ridha al-Najjar
"This place was nothing compared to where they took me next [the Dark Prison]," al-Najjar said. "Compared to that, this place was like a five-star hotel." He is not sure how long he was in Intelligence 2, but the Senate Summary says he was the first prisoner brought to Cobalt in September 2002.
He said he will never forget his last day at Intelligence 2 because it was "the worst experience of his life." He said the same Arab interrogator who spoke with an Egyptian accent who he later encountered at the Dark Prison came to his cell demanding information about documents and photos. When al-Najjar could not provide the answers the interrogator wanted, he became angry and warned that if al-Najjar did not "talk," he said, "wait until you see what happens to you where we take you next. At the next place we will hang you from your anus."
After this threat, the interrogators forced al-Najjar to bend over and then chained his arms to the bottom of his legs and placed chains all over his waist, wrists and the rest of his body. They put a bag over his head and something over his ears to prevent him from hearing. They also put something in his anus, which he said they did every time they moved him from one place to another. He said he still suffers pain as a result of these insertions. Many other former detainees have reported having objects, such as suppositories, placed in their anuses during transportation while in CIA custody. "Then they carried me upstairs like a package" and transported him to the Dark Prison, he said.
Panjshir Valley
After his detention, for what he believes were many months, at the Dark Prison, al-Najjar was transferred to a third location that he understood to be in Afghanistan's Panjshir Valley, 150 kilometers north of Kabul. Conditions in this prison were better. The prison had wooden doors so light could come in. His cell was tiny, approximately 0.8 meters by 2 meters. He said it did not feel as secure. "You had the sense that you could escape but then where would you go?" The cell had a dirt floor and there were lots of insects. They gave him a light blanket full of holes the thickness of a towel. A doctor at this location told him that because of his condition, the officials would not allow him to be tortured anymore.
Kabul II
After the Panjshir Valley prison he was taken to another location in Kabul, in a building that he thinks was part of the "high courthouse." He said he was held in a number of places inside, on different floors, and was moved underground when other people were in the facility. He was there until his captors transferred him to US military custody at Bagram.
Al-Najjar was not sure exactly when he was transferred to Bagram but he believes it was sometime in May or June 2004. Though abusive treatment continued, it was not as bad as it was in CIA custody. At Bagram, doctors, in addition to apologizing for his torture and taking the X-rays and CT scans he described, offered to perform arthroscopic surgery on his damaged knee, which he ultimately refused, afraid that it might cause more damage. He was transferred to Tunisia 11 years later, on June 15, 2015. Because of time constraints, Human Rights Watch did not discuss with al-Najjar the details of his mistreatment while he was detained at Bagram.
Detailed Account by Lotfi al-Arabi El Gherissi
El Gherissi said he is not sure of the exact date but several weeks after his initial arrest in Pakistan in late September 2002, he was taken to the Dark Prison. He said his US captors stripped off his clothes, threw him on the floor, and threw cold water on him. The next day they took him to another very small room, about 1 by 1 meter, where he stayed for about a month.
During his entire time at the Dark Prison, music blared 24 hours a day and it was pitch dark. His captors never took him outside, and he never saw sunlight. The only time he saw light was when they came to him with projectors to show him photographs or would shine the bright light of the projector into his eyes while they asked him questions. He knew there were other prisoners because he could hear their screams but he never spoke to them.
El Gherissi said his captors chained him by his arms to a metal rod above his head that went across the ceiling of the room. At the same time, they chained his feet to the ground with heavy shackles that he said were painful. He stayed in this room and in this position, with his arms hanging from the metal rod, for nearly his entire first month there. Sometimes his feet could touch the ground and other times he could only stand on the tips of his toes. While he was hanging, the guards would beat him on his back, legs, and feet with a baton that he believes was made of plastic. They would also throw buckets of cold water on him. This would happen about three times a week. The guards would enter his room, announce that it had been another 24 hours, and then take him down and take him to another nearby room for questioning, he said. When they did this, they would tie his hands with electrical wire. This and the handcuffs caused bad lacerations. A Human Rights Watch researcher saw the scars El Gherissi said he still had from the wires and the chains on his wrists.
The questioning, which he said often involved accusing him of being a member of Al-Qaeda and demanding information about terrorist plots, usually lasted about 30 minutes, after which the guards would take him back to what he called the "hanging room" and attached his chained hands to the metal bar again. He said they beat him repeatedly, sometimes to the point that he would vomit or faint. Once every two or three days his guards would give him food, which usually consisted of Afghan rice and a bottle of water – though sometimes they would take the bottle away before it was empty. They would not allow him access to toilet facilities. Instead they put a diaper on him and would change that about every three or four days. He was prevented from sleeping. Sometimes he would pass out or faint and guards would come in and wake him up.
El Gherissi said after a month, they took him to another room where he was chained, still diapered, to a wall by his arm. From there they would take him out of the room for questioning and torture.
Ridha al-Najjar and Lotfi El Gherissi both said US interrogators threatened them with an electric chair. Al-Najjar suggested revisions to an earlier illustration of the chair; El Gherissi said the final illustration was an accurate depiction.
El Gherissi said that about three days after they took him down from hanging for a month, they took him to a room with an "electric chair" in it, among other types of torture instruments. He said the chair was made of metal, or perhaps iron. It had clips with wires attached to it intended to be fit on fingers, and a helmet with wires. His description suggested something makeshift, attached to a pipe that came out of a wall. His interrogators put him in the chair and threatened to use it on him unless he gave them more information, though they did not. He said this terrified him and he was trembling. The room also had a board that they threatened to put him on, but never did. He said he understood that water would be used on him while he was on the board.
Abuses with Water, Beatings
During his time there, his captors took him to a room with a tub of water. Guards standing behind him would push the back of his head into the tub, forcing him to stay under water for a minute or two, during which it was impossible to breathe, he said. They did this about three times a day for one week. Also during this time, which was in the winter, they took him to the showers about three times and doused him with cold water that left him shivering.
El Gherissi said that at many different points during this four-month period, his captors beat him. Once, guards came and punched him heavily, breaking two of his teeth. He showed a Human Rights Watch researcher the empty spaces in his mouth. Another time, two guards held him from behind while another was strangling him.
Role of Medical Professionals, Isolation
El Gherissi said that during his time in the Dark Prison, one doctor came to examine him about three times. They did not speak during these exams. Once the doctor gave him aspirin and a vitamin pill. The doctor also checked El Gherissi's wounds and treated the irritation caused by the infrequent change of his diaper as well as the area where the diapers were taped to his skin.
He said that after four months he felt nearly dead. He did not have any energy and could not think or remember anything. He felt pain all over his body but especially in his back. He lost some of his vision. He said a doctor told his interrogators that, "If he stays for another week, he will die." At this point the torture stopped. He was then put in another room, in total isolation, for another two months, which actually made him feel worse. "This is when I totally lost it," he said. "I didn't have a chance to talk to anyone."
Kabul, Panjshir Valley
El Gherissi said that after approximately six months in the Dark Prison, he was transferred to an unknown location in Kabul and then brought to a prison in the Panjshir Valley. He was held in a 1.5 by 1 meter room. He said that the conditions were better than in the Dark Prison but still not good. His cell had a dirt floor and his captors gave him a thin cover to sleep on. He was fed more regularly. He spent about seven to eight months there, but he is not sure about the exact amount of time or much of what happened to him. By then he was very sick and tired and had "completely lost my mind," he said. Doctors would come about once a month, checking his pulse, wrists, and blood. El Gherissi said he believes one doctor whom he saw about three times in Panjshir was the same one he saw at the Dark Prison. He said that he remembers that there were some Pakistani prisoners in the same location but he does not remember talking to them.
El Gherissi said that after Panjshir Valley he was taken to Bagram along with an Afghan detainee. The prison conditions were better there than in the Dark Prison, but still not good. In November 2003, he had his first contact with the International Committee of the Red Cross, which brought him the first news about his family. He learned that his wife, who had been pregnant when he was apprehended, had a daughter but she died soon after birth. While he was still detained, after years in US custody, his wife divorced him.
At Bagram, he was initially held in total isolation for 40 days and then was put in a big cell with 30 other detainees. The facility had 16 cells, each with about 30 people. "Still, you were not allowed to speak to any other detainees," he said. "If you did, you would be punished." One of the ways the guards punished him was by ordering him to hold his arms out from his sides for extended periods. If he could not do that, the guards placed him in isolation. They also frequently brought in dogs that terrified him, he said. Each week he would be interrogated by people he said were US Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) agents.
Health care was better at Bagram because there was a medical clinic. But the guards here also tried to deprive him of sleep. Someone would wake him at least three times a day and twice at night. The food was also still entirely inadequate, he said: "They didn't feed you enough to fight the hunger."
In 2010, he was moved to a new prison and conditions improved. Because of time constraints, Human Rights Watch was not able to discuss with El Gherissi many details of his mistreatment while he was detained at Bagram. The US transferred him to Tunisia on June 15, 2015.
New Accounts Add Details of Torture Missing from Senate Summary
The Senate Summary states that the CIA held al-Najjar for between 690 and 700 days and El Gherissi for between 380 and 390 days before transferring them to US military custody at Bagram airbase, where they both spent more than a decade.
Al-Najjar and El Gherissi are the first detainees to report on what conditions were like at Cobalt before Gul Rahman's death. A partially redacted summary of an investigation into Rahman's death, dated January 28, 2003, but only released in June, states that Rahman, like other detainees, was subjected to numerous abuses, including standing sleep deprivation, "water dousing," exposure to cold temperatures, and "rough treatment," but concludes that there is "no evidence" to suggest that Rahman was beaten or tortured. It finds the ultimate cause of death was most likely hypothermia, partially caused by Rahman "throwing his last meal" and therefore denying his body "with a source of fuel to keep him warm."
The Senate Summary states that CIA records at Cobalt were poorly kept and that "the full nature of CIA interrogations" there "remains largely unknown." For example, there are no records of any detainee being waterboarded at Cobalt, yet Senate investigators found a photo in CIA records of a wooden board there surrounded by buckets, with a bottle of unknown pink solution (filled two-thirds of the way to the top) and a watering can resting on the wooden beams of the board. Senate investigators also found that the CIA subjected detainees at Cobalt to numerous techniques not recorded in CIA cable traffic, including "multiple periods of sleep deprivation, required standing, loud music, sensory deprivation, extended isolation, reduced quantity of food, nudity and 'rough treatment.'"
The Senate Summary, which draws from the CIA's own records, does not spell out in detail the CIA's treatment of al-Najjar, but documents the CIA's planned interrogation methods for him once he was moved, in September 2002, to the Cobalt detention site. This included threatening the "well-being of his family," using "sound disorientation techniques," denying him sleep using round-the-clock interrogations, depriving him of any "sense of time," keeping him in "isolation in total darkness; lowering the quality of his food," using cold temperatures, playing music "24 hours a day, and keeping him shackled and hooded."
On September 21, 2002, a CIA cable described him as a "clearly broken man" and "on the verge of a complete breakdown." Despite this assessment, the CIA continued to torture al-Najjar. The Senate Summary states that a US military legal adviser visiting Cobalt in November noted that al-Najjar was left hanging, handcuffed to a bar above his head, unable to lower his arms, for 22 hours each day for two consecutive days. The adviser noted that al-Najjar was wearing a diaper and had no access to toilet facilities.
Al-Najjar's account of his treatment in CIA custody indicates that it was worse than the Senate Summary described.
The Senate Summary has very little information about El Gherissi, whose name is spelled as "Lufti al-Arabi El Gharisi." His name appears twice, once on the list of 119 detainees the CIA admits to holding as part of its "enhanced interrogation program," and another time when it states that El Gherissi was one of 17 prisoners the CIA subjected to techniques without the approval of CIA headquarters. In a footnote, it states that El Gherissi "[u]nderwent at least two 48-hour sessions of sleep deprivation in October 2002."
Failure to Provide Redress
The Senate Summary conservatively estimates that approximately 119 detainees were officially in CIA custody, al-Najjar and El Gherissi among them, though that figure does not include many more whom the CIA is believed to have transferred to other countries to be interrogated and tortured. Of the 119, 14 remain in US custody at the Guantanamo Bay detention facility, but the vast majority have been released. The US is not known to have compensated any of them.
Though some former CIA detainees have filed lawsuits in US court seeking redress for their mistreatment, nearly every case thus far has been dismissed before the courts have examined the merits of the claims. Often the courts have asserted the state secrets privilege, which the US government has argued should apply, claiming that litigating a case will reveal state secrets that will harm US national security. For the most part US courts have deferred to government claims about potential harm. Earlier in 2016, in the first suit since the Senate Summary's release, brought by the American Civil Liberties Union on behalf of three former detainees held by the CIA, the Justice Department for the first time did not assert the state secrets privilege to block the suit.
Under international human rights law, notably the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the Convention against Torture, both of which the US has ratified, governments have obligations to ensure the right to an effective remedy for victims of serious human rights violations, including torture and other ill-treatment. A victim's right to an effective remedy requires the government to take the necessary investigative, judicial, and reparatory steps to redress the violation and provide for the victim's rights to knowledge, justice, and reparations. The government is under a continuing obligation to provide an effective remedy; there is no time limit on legal action. Although these violations did not take place in the United States, they occurred while the individuals were under the effective control of US security forces.
Post-Release Experiences in Tunisia
Both detainees said that neither the US nor the Tunisian governments have provided them with assistance – medical, psychological, or financial – to help them resume their lives or integrate back into society. They both live with their families in small quarters and are completely dependent upon them for help. "My sister has five kids," al-Najjar told Human Rights Watch. "I'm the sixth." He was still wearing some of the clothes the US government gave him before he was released, which had holes in them. El Gherissi lives in a house with his elderly mother, brother, and sisters that has no doors or even a full roof.
Al-Najjar was released from custody after being briefly held by Tunisian authorities. He told Human Rights Watch that he has a number of physical problems that have hindered his ability to find work, notably chronic pain associated with a broken ankle, hips, and backbone. He has blood in his stool, a swollen liver, kidney pain, a hernia, an ulcer, and a "hole in his ear" that he said is a result of being tortured. He also said he feels a sharp pain in his head whenever he tries to remember anything about the abuses he endured in CIA custody.
Without resources, he has not been able to obtain medical treatment in Tunisian hospitals. Since June, he has gone to a torture survivor's center in Tunis that he said is helping facilitate some medical treatment and tests for his injuries, but this still requires funds for travel, tests, and medications. He said he would like to work buying and selling goods but the Tunisian government has not provided him with the papers that would allow him to travel. He said he is very depressed because he cannot bear being a burden on his family but also cannot seem to find a way out of his situation.
El Gherissi was released almost immediately after being transferred to Tunisian custody. He is currently living with his brother and his five children in Gabes, about a five-hour drive from the capital, Tunis. Also in the same house are his three sisters, their children, and his elderly mother, with whom he shares a room and a bed. His brother's house is just a bare structure with unfinished walls and doors. There is no full roof, and it leaks. The front entrance has no door, just a sheet that covers the opening.
He said he is very poor and has no means to support himself. He has chronic pain in his back and knees, which prevent him from sleeping. He also cannot see very well and has blurred vision. He has not been able to see a doctor because he cannot afford one. He cannot find work due to his physical ailments and relies on his relatives for help, which depresses him deeply. He hoped to change his life by getting healthy, starting a family, having his own home with a roof over his head, going back into the trade business, and having friends and being social. But he feels helpless and unable to do any of this now.
Terrorism / Counterterrorism
CIA Activities
October 3, 2016 Q & A
US: Mexican Asylum Seekers Ordered to Wait
Mexicans Fleeing Violence Stuck in Dangerous Conditions at US Border
The High Cost of Change
Repression Under Saudi Crown Prince Tarnishes Reforms


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Linda Patricia Pérez López (born 9 July 1998) is a Venezuelan Paralympic athlete who competes in sprinting events at international elite events. She is a Parapan American Games silver medalist and Summer Paralympics gold medalist.

Perez competed at the 2019 Parapan American Games where she won the silver medal at the 400m T11 event. She competed at the 2020 Summer Paralympics, winning the gold medal at the women's 100m event.

Perez is the twin sister of Alejandra Paola Pérez López who is also an athlete.

References

1998 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Maracaibo
Paralympic athletes of Venezuela
Venezuelan female sprinters
Medalists at the 2019 Parapan American Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 2020 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 2020 Summer Paralympics
Paralympic gold medalists for Venezuela
Paralympic medalists in athletics (track and field)
Twin sportspeople
Venezuelan twins
21st-century Venezuelan women

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Need to promote your band, product, website etc? Do so here, but make sure it's of interest to our members.
A quick demo video for my Youtube channel http://www.youtube.com/ShredGuitarAcademy that will feature among other things a new free guitar lesson added each day. I'm the current reigning Vancouver guitar shred-off champ two years running and a professional musician and teacher to around 65 students per week. I plan to make this channel the most comprehensive source for learning guitar on the web, containing everything from the most basic to the most advanced techniques for lead and rhythm guitar. There will also be lessons on just about every other subject related to guitar including theory, writing and recording, gear reviews, live playing...the list is endless. Be sure to subscribe!
Fantastic news, best of luck with it!
By the way I've moved this to the promotion board just because its better suited here really.


How many times per day, per week, per year do you use the word "should"? Or how much is it used for and against you? Do you notice how much it's used in our everyday conversations? As a coach, I love reminding my clients that "It's not nice to 'should all over yourself." Come play with me this week as we look at the word "should", and all that it creates when we use it against ourselves. You might just have a whole lot more fun when you're not 'shoulding' all over yourself!
Rhonda's vibrant and exuberant personality coupled with the space of no judgment, not only invites people into the fullness and truth of themselves, but provides the catalyzing energy to quicken the time frame, allowing them to achieve their greatest levels of success and happiness faster. She's been deemed the atom bomb of consciousness and an energetic powerhouse. People can't help but walk away activated, energized and feeling better as a result of playing with Rhonda.


Book your next session with me today!
My services include Eastern therapy, Traditional Thai massage, Ayurveda Treatments and Massage, Thai Cupping, Gua shaw, Shamanism, and Massage.
I offer sessions at three locations in Calgary on Tuesdays, Wednesdays, and Saturdays.


I'm using Cloud9, which provisions an EC2 instance. I've been running services on different ports of this instance, but this is tedious and relatively unrealistic. I'd like these services to be available for arbitrary requests, but I don't need to them running all the time. AWS' Lambda seems appropriate.
Routing HTTP requests to a Lambda function requires the API Gateway abstraction.
Routing requests with wildcard paths requires the API Gateway's Lambda Proxy configuration.
The end result is accessible via HTTP at a URL like: https://jmf9mr2fge.execute-api.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/prod/a/b/c.
Since I'm paying by usage, and the only customer, I only want this function invoked by my requests. API Key security seems appropriate at this stage.
Setting up API Key security on a proxy endpoint is accomplished by drilling into the "Method Request" configuration of the "Method Execution" overview.
I can use ModHeader to include the "x-api-key" header and filter for requests to "*.amazonaws.com".
Custom domains are configured through the API Gateway. The commands below use fn.example.com as an example domain.
API Gateway requires domains use HTTPS. ("To set up a custom domain name as your API's host name, you…must provide an SSL/TLS certificate for the custom domain name." - docs).
So, step one is to get an SSL cert. Let's Encrypt provides tooling for generating a free SSL cert. I found the google/acme tool (recommended by a concise tutorial) to be relatively sane.
Follow acme's instructions to create a TXT record. Google's Public DNS tool makes to easy to assert record propagation.
Acme generates a single cert file, but it contains two certs. Copy the first into ACM's "Certificate body" field and the second into the "Certificate chain". Copy the key into the "Certificate private key" field.
Associate the cert with the API and stage (so we don't have to pass it in the path) in the API Gateway custom domain configuration. The output of this process is a cloudfront "Target Domain Name", eg d1eputjh2acqt4.cloudfront.net.
Create a record (CNAME for subdomains, A for apex domains) in your domain registrar mapping the custom domain to the cloudfront domain name.
At long last, we should be able to load https://fn.example.com/a/b/c in a browser.


Perfect For The Little Boys and Girls That Would Love To Do More Than Just Bounce. This Royal Crush Combo with pool Is A Combination Of Sliding, Climbing, Shooting Hoops And Bouncing Around All Packed In One Awesome Combo Bouncer.
Price: $159.99 per 4 / hrs.


Hi, I want to allow my web guy access to my OwnerRez account. On this pricing page https://www.ownerreservations.com/pricing it says unlimited users can be added, but I can't figure out how to do that....tried a search and looking through help topics.
We don't have separate users for admin level access yet -- best way to do it is to change your password and give him the main OwnerRez login, then change the password back when he's done.


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Lara-Jeane Costa, M.A.
Home Lara-Jeane Costa, M.A.
Lara-Jeane Costa, M.A., Research Specialist, Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina School of Medicine; Chapel Hill, North Carolina; [email protected] Ms. Costa has worked with students with disabilities as a classroom teacher, camp counselor, and clinician. During her graduate studies at the University of North Carolina (UNC) Chapel Hill, she received training as part of the Leadership Education in Neurodevelopmental Disorders (LEND) program and Maternal and Child Health Bureau Leadership program. Currently, Ms. Costa is a doctoral candidate in the UNC School of Education, examining the impact of an evidence-based instructional model for students who struggle with written expression.
Lara-Jeane Costa, M.A.'s Products
Teaching Reading and Writing
Improving Instruction and Student Achievement
Brett Miller, Ph.D., Peggy McCardle, Ph.D., MPH, Richard Long

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Engaging curious minds. Inspiring future leaders.
At Littlehampton Primary and Preschool, our students are at the centre of everything we do. We encourage curiosity & a love of learning. We help them develop the skills to overcome challenges and strengthen leadership qualities. We value student voice and assist them to discover their full potential. We support their education by allowing them to discover the very best of who they are in becoming life long, visible learners.
What is a Visible Learner?
With a strong history of academic success, Littlehampton Primary and Preschool strives to create a learning environment where our students feel supported, encouraged, challenged, engaged and inspired. We use inquiry based learning to promote curiosity and critical thinking skills empowering our students to become lifelong learners. Our goal is to help our students flourish and become valued members of the community.
Our school program provides students the right educational support and life skills to help them develop optimism and resilience. They learn how to build positive emotions, enhance personal resilience, strengthen their relationships, practice mindfulness and embrace a healthy lifestyle, enabling them to face life's challenges with greater confidence. This results in children who are happier, healthier and better prepared for life as adults.
Our school community is made up of teachers, students, parents and volunteers, all working together to make our school strong. The skills and time our parents and community members volunteer is invaluable, while our teachers work hard to maintain their well-deserved reputation as inspirational and motivated educators. They work hard to create an engaging learning environment for our students and maintain a close working relationship with the Littlehampton Primary and Preschool Governing Council to continually improve the school and student outcomes.
A reminder that lunches can only be ordered on Wednesdays and Fridays.
Check out our parent resource page!
Your welcome to use the form below to send us a general email.


text:
Thomas David "Tom" Scott (* 1984 in Mansfield, Nottinghamshire) ist ein britischer Komiker, Webvideoproduzent und Webentwickler. Scott, Audiotechniker Matt Gray, Ornithologe Chris Joel und der Archivar Gary Brannan bilden zusammen die Comedygruppe "The Technical Difficulties", mit der er bis heute zusammenwirkt.

Ausbildung
Tom Scott absolvierte ein Linguistikstudium an der University of York. In seinem letzten Studienjahr wurde er zum Vorstand der Studierendenvertretung gewählt, nachdem er durch seinen unkonventionellen Wahlkampf (als Pirat "Mad Cap'n Tom") aufgefallen war. In York erlangte Tom Scott außerdem erste öffentliche Auftritte als Moderator des örtlichen Universitätsradios. Dort bildeten sich auch die Technical Difficulties.

YouTube

Eigener Kanal
Tom Scott betreibt einen YouTube-Kanal, der bis dato (Stand: Februar 2023) von 5,8 Millionen Personen abonniert wurde und dessen Videos über 1,5 Milliarden Aufrufe erhielten. Neben älteren Aufzeichnungen und Gastvideos anderer Produzenten veröffentlicht er dort Videos zu den Themen Things you might not know, Informatik (The Basics), Amazing Places, Built for Science sowie die Reihe Tom's Language Files, worin er verschiedene Aspekte der Linguistik erklärt.

Typische Videos von Tom Scott zeichnen sich durch ihre Kürze (meist unter 5 Minuten) und Prägnanz aus. Scott spricht üblicherweise auswendig nach Skript, welches er vor Ort und nicht selten in ungewöhnlichen Situationen wiedergibt, wie zum Beispiel in einer Zentrifuge oder in Schwerelosigkeit während eines Parabelflugs.

Folgen der Spielshow Citation Needed, produziert von seiner Gruppe The Technical Difficulties, wurden bis 2018 ebenfalls auf Scotts eigenem Kanal hochgeladen.

2018 gründete Tom Scott für seine Videos die Produktionsfirma Pad 26 Limited mit Sitz in Worthing.

Am 9. April 2020 veröffentlichte Tom Scott ein Video, dessen Aufrufszahl sich im Titel befindet. Der Titel aktualisiert sich mithilfe eines kleinen Skriptprogrammes wiederholt automatisch. Mit über 60 Millionen Aufrufen (Stand: Januar 2023) ist es das meistaufgerufene Video auf seinem YouTube-Kanal.

Tom Scott Plus
Seit dem 14. Juni 2021 betreibt Scott seinen Zweitkanal Tom Scott plus, mit ca. 770.000 Abonnenten (Stand: Dezember 2022), auf welchem er hauptsächlich Videos von Selbstexperimenten und Kooperationen mit weiteren Personen veröffentlicht. Diese unterscheiden sich darüber hinaus durch die Länge der Videos (ca. 13–32 Minuten) zu denen auf seinem Hauptkanal.

Matt and Tom
Zusammen mit Matt Gray betreibt Scott auch den Kanal "Matt and Tom". Dort erschien bis 2018 die Videoreihe The Park Bench, betreffend der Hintergründe zu Videos auf Scotts Kanal, sowie von 2019 bis 2021 die Spielshow Two Of These People Are Lying der Technical Difficulties.

The Technical Difficulties
Zusammen mit Matt Gray, Gary Brannan und Chris Joel betreibt Scott seit Juli 2022 den Kanal "The Technical Difficulties". Frühere Produktionen der Gruppe wurden zuvor auf anderen Kanälen Scotts veröffentlicht.

Computerphile
Tom Scott erbrachte mehrere Gastauftritte auf dem Youtube-Kanal Computerphile, in denen er technische Aspekte der Internetsicherheit erläutert.

Britische Unterhauswahl 2010
Im Jahr 2010 kandidierte Tom Scott, wie bereits zuvor in der Rolle des "Mad Capt'n Tom", als Scherzkandidat für die Unterhauswahl des Vereinigten Königreiches. Da er keine Absichten pflegte, tatsächlich ein politisches Amt zu bekleiden, sondern lediglich eine verlorene Wette einlöste, wählte er den Wahlbezirk Cities of London and Westminster für seine Kandidatur. Der dortige Sitz ist nämlich seit Jahrzehnten in konservativer Hand. Scott erhielt 84 Stimmen (0,2 Prozent), darunter die Stimme von Noel Gallagher, dem Gitarristen der Band Oasis.

Weblinks

 Website von Tom Scott (englisch)
 Tom Scott auf Youtube

Einzelnachweise

Komiker
Brite
Geboren 1984
Mann


This week's Astro Biz is Rockstar Energy Drink. According to the company website, "Rockstar Energy Drink is designed for those who lead active lifestyles – from Athletes to Rock Stars." They cater strongly to those involved in action sports, motor sports, and music. I didn't find any references to astronomy on the site, and the hobby, which involves sitting outside at 2 a.m. looking through a telescope, doesn't necessarily evoke images of "active lifestyle." Still, someone in that situation might like a little pick-me-up. Usually it's something warmer, though.
This entry was posted in astronomy on August 9, 2017 by Greg Scheiderer.


Older adults constitute the greatest percentage of cancer survivors in the country, with 61% being aged 65 years and older. Assessing older adult cancer survivors beyond chronological age to include changes in functional status is an essential process to help nurses anticipate cancer treatment impact and aid in planning individualized survivorship care. The objective of this article is to identify a method to assess older adult cancer survivors to be used in tailoring survivorship care. A review of geriatric literature was conducted through MEDLINE® and PubMed from 1997-2011 and focused on the pathophysiology of aging, cancer impact, and comorbidities in this population. Results were combined with previous research to provide an evidence-based approach to assessing older cancer survivors. The resulting assessment provides valuable information on the functional status of older adult patients with cancer. This assessment can be used by nurses to develop treatment plans and tailor management strategies to improve quality of life.
Demark-Wahnefried, W., Pinto, B. M., & Gritz, E. R. (2006). Promoting health and physical function among cancer survivors: Potential for prevention and questions that remain. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 24, 5125-5131.
Dewys, W. D., Begg, C., Lavin, P. T., Band, P. R., Bennett, J. M., Bertino, J. R., … Tormey, D. C. (1980). Prognostic effect of weight loss prior to chemotherapy in cancer patients. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. American Journal of Medicine, 69, 491-497.
Deyo, R. A., Cherkin, D. C., & Ciol, M. A. (1992). Adapting a clinical comorbidity index for use with ICD-9-CM administrative databases. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 45, 613-619.
Fillenbaum, G. G., & Smyer, M. A. (1981). The development, validity, and reliability of the OARS multidimensional functional assessment questionnaire. Journal of Gerontology, 36, 428-434.
Fried, L. P., Ferrucci, L., Darer, J., Williamson, J. D., & Anderson, G. (2004). Untangling the concepts of disability, frailty, and comorbidity: Implications for improved targeting and care. Journal of Gerontology, 59, 255-263.
Guralnik, J. M., Simonsick, E. M., Ferrucci, L., Glynn, R. J., Berkman, L. F., Blazer, D. G., … Wallace, R. B. (1994). A short physical performance battery assessing lower extremity function: Association with self-reported disability and prediction of mortality and nursing home admission. Journal of Gerontology, 49(2), M85-M94.
Hewitt, M., Greenfield, S., & Stovall, E. (Eds.). (2006). From cancer patient to cancer survivor: Lost in transition. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
Ibbotson, T., Maguire, P., Selby, P., Priestman, T., & Wallace, L. (1994). Screening for anxiety and depression in cancer patients: The effects of disease and treatment. European Journal of Cancer, 30A, 37-40.
Katzman, R., Brown, T., Fuld, P., Peck, A., Schechter, R., & Schimmel, H. (1983). Validation of a short orientation-memory-concentration test of cognitive impairment. American Journal of Psychiatry, 140, 734-739.
Landi, F., Onder, G., Gambassi, G., Pedone, C., Carbonin, P., & Bernabei, R. (2000). Body mass index and mortality among hospitalized patients. Archives of Internal Medicine, 160, 2641-2644.
Newman, A. B., Yanez, D., Harris, T., Duxbury, A., Enright, P. L., & Fried, L. P. (2001). Weight change in old age and its association with mortality. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 49, 1309-1318.
Podsiadlo, D., & Richardson, S. (1991). The timed "up & go": A test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 39, 142-148.
Reeder, J. G., & Brufsky, A. M. (2010). The role of bisphosphonates in the adjuvant setting for breast cancer. Oncology (Williston Park), 24, 462-467, 475.
Repetto, L., Fratino, L., Audisio, R. A., Venturino, A., Gianni, W., Vercelli, M., … Zagonel, V. (2002). Comprehensive geriatric assessment adds information to Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status in elderly cancer patients: An Italian Group for Geriatric Oncology Study. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 20, 494-502.
Rowland, J. H. (2008). Cancer survivorship: rethinking the cancer control continuum. Seminars in Oncology Nursing, 24(3), 145-152.
Sawhney, R., Sehl, M., & Naeim, A. (2005). Physiologic aspects of aging: Impact on cancer management and decision making, part I. Cancer Journal, 11, 449-460.
Sehl, M., Sawhney, R., & Naeim, A. (2005). Physiologic aspects of aging: Impact on cancer management and decision making, part II. Cancer Journal, 11, 461-473.
Solomon, C. G. (2002). Bisphosphonates and osteoporosis. New England Journal of Medicine, 346, 642.
Stewart, A. L., & Ware, J. E., Jr. (1992). Measuring functioning and well-being: The Medical Outcomes Study approach. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
van Doorn, C., Bogardus, S., Williams, C., Concato, J., Towle, V., & Inouye, S. (2001). Risk adjustment for older hospitalized persons: A comparison of two methods of data collection for the Charlson index. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 54, 694-701.
Wedding, U., Honecker, F., Bokemeyer, C., Pientka, L., & Hoffken, K. (2007). Tolerance to chemotherapy in elderly patients with cancer. Cancer Control, 14, 44-56.
Yabroff, K. R., Lawrence, W. F., Clauser, S., Davis, W. W., & Brown, M. L. (2004). Burden of illness in cancer survivors: Findings from a population-based national sample. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 96, 1322-1330.
Yancik, R. (1997). Cancer burden in the aged: An epidemiologic and demographic overview. Cancer, 80, 1273-1283.
Yancik, R., Ganz, P. A., Varricchio, C. G., & Conley, B. (2001). Perspectives on comorbidity and cancer in older patients: Approaches to expand the knowledge base. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 19, 1147-1151.


text:
Territory and territoriality in the hospital context: an interdisciplinary approach
Sônia Maria Isabel Lopes Ferreira Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz; Departamento de Ciências da Saúde
Maridalva de Souza Penteado Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz; Departamento de Ciências da Saúde
Milton Ferreira da Silva Júnior Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz; Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais
This article deals with the hospital as a territory of complex organization, crossed by multiple interests, which occupies a critical position in the delivery of healthcare service. In that space professional identities are formed, with great social acknowledgement. This work also aims at understanding the hospital from an interdisciplinary viewpoint. It uses a theoretical framework related to the concepts of territory and territoriality from geography and other fields of knowledge, such as healthcare science and philosophy. By this interdisciplinary approach, the hospital is considered to be: a territory of production of health actions made by segments and surfaces, agency of professionals and users that intersect in a tangle of lines of segmentarity; networks and meshes that reveal the production of territory; power and regimentation, and the knowledge/power which reveals the relationships between subject and object, that is, the relationships that take place in the territory and that mean territoriality. Lastly, the hospital territory, like any other territory, is the concrete and abstract expression of the appropriate space. It is formed in its multidimensionality by social actors who always redefine it in their everyday routines, in a force field relationally entangled with powers at various intensities.
Ferreira, S. M. I. L., Penteado, M. de S., & Silva Júnior, M. F. da. (2013). Territory and territoriality in the hospital context: an interdisciplinary approach. Saúde E Sociedade, 22(3), 804-814. https://doi.org/10.1590/sausoc.v22i3.76478


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Botswana to send Interns to Africa
Botswana has not only offered Liberia 25 scholarships amounting to P3m per annum, but she will also start to export locals who have just completed their tertiary education for internship in that country and two other sister countries in the continent.
Minister of Education and Skills Development, Pelonomi Venson- Moitoi who is currently in a working visit in Liberia at the invitation of that country told Botswana Guardian in an exclusive interview that the Liberians will soon arrive in the country to study in different fields such as teacher training and science related courses at respective tertiary institutions including the newly opened Oodi College of Applied Arts and Technology (OCAAT) and Botswana International University of Science and Technology (BIUST).
Venson-Moitoi said this is part of government strategy to sell its education hub to the world so that countries can start to send their nationals for training here and generate money for government and its institutions. The education hub was established to position Botswana as a regional centre of excellence in education. The main objective of the hub is to attract the best institutions in Botswana so that they could also attract students from other countries to study in the country. Botswana government offered this special package to Liberia last May following a plea by the president of that country, Ellen Johnson- Sirleaf when officially opening the OCAAT.
It was after her appeal that Venson- Moitoi assured her that Botswana government would offer them special package scholarship to Liberia for its nationals to be trained at OCAAT. This week Venson-Moitoi told Botswana Guardian that she and her delegation went to Liberia following their invitation to come and help them on selection of students that have been offered special packages and awarded scholarship including discussing the areas of what they are going to study.
"Our aim is to conclude selection this week in order to enable the Liberian students who would have been selected to study their respective studies to come to Botswana this year," she said. She said Botswana has also asked for 20 slots to send "our children for internship in areas such agriculture, mining, environment and IT," in Liberia. "We have so far asked two other countries in Southern Sudan and Malawi to allocate us at least 20 slots each so that we could also send them our children for internship in order to help to provide them with skills whilst our children are gaining experience in Botswana."
Last modified on Wednesday, 31 July 2013 16:12


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Grand Canyon10 by George Arthur Lareau - 10" x 8"
Grand Canyon10 poster by George Arthur Lareau. Our posters are produced on acid-free papers using archival inks to guarantee that they last a lifetime without fading or loss of color. All posters include a 1" white border around the image to allow for future framing and matting, if desired.
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text:
Smartphone Camera Comparison
How To Watch Game of Thrones
Android Just Got Google Hit with a Massive Antitrust Fine
Justin Herrick
Google might be on the hook to pay a record-breaking fine after the European Union discovered antitrust violations involving its mobile operating system.
The $5 billion fine, which could increase if Google doesn't comply within three months, comes as the EU's executive branch decided that Android disregards fair competition. Alphabet, the parent company, would see 5% of its average daily revenue tacked onto the total amount.
Based on the ruling, the EU believes pre-installed Google apps like Chrome and Search are hurting others in the mobile industry. The only way to gain access to additional apps is through the Google Play, but partners need to carry Google Mobile Services out of the box for the digital store to be available.
Another area of concern is how Google treats modified versions of Android. The EU doesn't think it's appropriate that products with tweaked versions, like Amazon's Fire tablets, can't access the Play Store despite having the same software at the core.
There does appear to be an immediate fix, but it's not one Google would like to make. The EU is urging the company to stop forcing partners and users to take advantage of its apps and services. If that happens (and probably won't), Google would lose its grip on the industry in a vital region.
Rapid innovation, wide choice, and falling prices are classic hallmarks of robust competition. Android has enabled this and created more choice for everyone, not less. This is why we intend to appeal today's Android decision https://t.co/TnpMZlDV8j
— Sundar Pichai (@sundarpichai) July 18, 2018
In a statement, Google confirmed it disagrees with the ruling and is already in the process of filing an appeal. The argument is that, aside from allowing its partners to run free, Google is competing directly against Apple. iOS devices, too, ship with various pre-installed apps but the EU doesn't feel Apple has limit anyone.
Sundar Pichai, who's been at the helm of the Mountain View-based company for several years, wrote a lengthy blog post discussing how Android has created more choice. He mentions there are "more than 24,000 devices, at every price point, from more than 1,300 different brands" around the world.
The blog post goes on to say that partners aren't obligated to use Google Mobile Services and consumers can easily remove pre-installed apps and replace them with alternatives. Pichai revealed that the typical Android phone user installs around 50 apps on their own.
Google also emphasized the importance of "free distribution" in the ecosystem. To use Android and Google Mobile Services, hardware manufacturers and carriers aren't charged anything. It's merely a benefit for all because of how strong these things are together.
With the ruling due to face a lengthy appeal process, there's nothing for end-users to fear. Android will continue working the same, but there could be changes in the future if the EU holds its stance.
#TheBulldogs
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Here are the products announced at IFA 2019 that were worthy of our Best of IFA 2019 awards. Also featuring MrMobile's single best product at the show!
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Pixel 4 hands-on videos reveal all, including new 'Screen attention' mode
The Pixel 4 leaks continue to be fierce. Most recently, three hands-on videos showcasing the Pixel 4 in all of its glory have been uploaded to YouTube.
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DARIEN -- The St. Joseph softball team lives by the motto "bend but don't break" and Wednesday at Darien the philosophy was put to the test.
Leading by a run, the Cadets bent as far as possible with the Blue Wave loading the bases with nobody out in the bottom of the seventh. With the outcome in the balance, St. Joseph pitcher Nicole Williams induced three straight groundballs, sending the Cadets home with a 5-4 victory in a rematch of last year's FCIAC championship game.
The game may have added a few new gray hairs to St. Joseph coach Jeff Babineau's head, but he said these are the type of games he wants his team to be in.
"That's a great game, even for April," Babineau said. "We want to play 28 games this year and that is only No. 4, but to have this kind of atmosphere is good for the kids. They bend but do not break and our defense made two nice plays coming home and that's all you can ask for."
In the bottom of the seventh, Darien loaded the bases with no outs on hits by Kristen Picard and Kelly Vodola and a walk to Erika Osherow in between. But a groundball to shortstop Lauren Pitney cut down Picard at home and a grounder back to Williams took care of Osherow at the plate.
The final batter grounded to second and the Cadets (4-0, 3-0 FCIAC) were heading home with the victory.
The Blue Wave (3-1, 3-1) trailed 5-0 before Vodola doubled for the Wave's first hit in the fourth inning, coming around to score on a single by Lexi Lopiano.
Darien coach Nick DeMaio said his team was able to catch up with Williams after one time through the lineup.
"I think the girls had to adjust their timing a little bit and once they went through the lineup they started having better at bats," said DeMaio, whose team lost in last year's FCIAC championship. "There are a lot of positives to take away from this game. You are down 5-0 to St. Joe's with (Williams) on the mound and it is easy for a team to check out and credit to our players that they didn't do that. The disappointing thing is how can you have bases loaded, no out and not be able to push a run through?"
With two outs in the fifth, Darien strung together four straight hits with Cassidy Schiff driving in two runs with a single and Rebecca DeMaio bringing home another with a single of her own, cutting the lead to 5-4.
St. Joseph went up right away with Pitney crushing a home run to left field leading off the game and Williams driving in a run with a single, making it 2-0 after one inning.
"It was a little nerve racking in the end but our motto is `bend don't break' and we didn't break today," Pitney said. "My job as the leadoff hitter is to help my team out and I have their back and they have my back and it just feels great that they believe in me."
The Cadets added one in the second on a single by Katie Gardella and two more in the fourth when Jo Hillman drove in two, making it 5-0.
Osherow got into a groove on the mound after the fourth, setting the Cadets down in order the last three innings.


I am a part of the Illustrated Faith launch team. I receive the monthly kits at no cost from DaySpring. This post contains affiliate links.
The new kit from Illustrated Faith is all about reflecting on our true identities. I don't know about you, but there are times that I become distracted and lose focus on who I truly am. I begin running in circles--searching for anything to help me to become grounded again. I would think that I would've grown out of this by now, but sadly to say, I haven't. I can say that now I recognize when I am falling into the foolish traps of the world, and I know what I must do to keep myself from spiraling to far out. I know that I must seek Him, and I know that my Spirit will lead me back to truth if I am willing to follow. This month's kit, "I Am" from Illustrated Faith, has been a helpful tool as I slowly get my footing.
set of clear cling stamps with phrases such as "make me more like YOU"
I have already gotten started on this month's kit. The first day focused on fearlessness followed by capability on day two. So far, I like the order the topics are being presented because the devotional actually speaks to where I am now. I love that each day focuses on who I am in relation to Him. It's not necessarily a feel good devotional because there's the call to go deeper. If you are willing to be honest, it might actually hurt a bit.
I've found that working on the devotional each evening has been a great way for me to wind down. I can say that each evening I've found more clarity. I am slowly giving myself permission to allow certain things to fall away and permission to do things that I am really not so sure about because I desire to do what HE wants me to do. I am His.
Do you know whose you are? What have you been struggling with lately?
Want to give Bible journaling a try? Consider working through the Illustrated Faith - I Am - Devotional Kit with me and many other Illustrated Faith community members.
Get the Illustrated Faith I Am Devotional Kit HERE .


Sixteen-year-old May Florence is a budding poet who is about to join Louisiana's most elite boarding school. Her brilliant but reserved twin sister, Susanna, isn't. But the truth is, they've been drifting apart for some time, their relationship barely sustained by shared friendships and mutual envy. Now, as Susanna watches May prepare to leave her behind, she must reconcile what she thinks she knows about herself and her sister with the secrets they've been keeping from one another — or risk losing her closest friend forever. four sparks fall is the story of two young adults searching for love and acceptance in Baton Rouge, a city as complex as the people who inhabit it. At once confessional and speculative, analytical and numinous, T.A. Noonan's debut novella is an affecting coming-of-age story for readers of all ages.
Sometimes (not so much in the example above) it was pretty discombobulating… until I realized each of the three voices has its own style/justification. Susanna's voice is in standard text, her sister May is right-justified and in italics, and May's diary is bold and centered. This remains consistent throughout. What an interesting approach! And when I consider the girls' relationship, this format adds another layer of depth to the story that I can't quite put into words.
Noonan captures her characters' individuality so well. You can feel their sibling rivalry, the disconnect that makes it feel as if they are living separate lives. But also apparent throughout the story is a strong familial connection that resists breaking and begs to be renewed.
four sparks fall will appeal to both young adult and adult readers. I'm looking forward to reading more by T.A. Noonan.
I downloaded a copy of this book from the CCLaP website. A review was not requested or expected; I did not receive compensation for this honest review.


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In Victoria, women's participation in sport and active recreation is on the rise.
However, a recent Victorian Government backed Women and Girls in Sport and Active Recreation Inquiry found that girls and women participated less than their male counterparts and were still under-represented in leadership roles in a sports sector that is still predominantly male-centric and dominated.
The new Change Our Game campaign and website showcases the success of work already underway to level the playing field for women, promote female role models, provide a hub for resources and information and encourage the sport and recreation sector to challenge gender stereotypes and help women and girls become leaders.
Each month, the Wimmera Regional Sports Assembly will be launching a Hero of the Month campaign to recognise and empower local women in sport as well as provide sports heroes for female youth athletes to look up to.


text:
OMA Ghana Ltd
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OMA Logistics Ghana Ltd
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GO TO SHIP AGENCY
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Please find below our holiday opening hours over the Festive period Tuesday... More Info
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The Ghana Ports & Harbours Authority has issued new port tariffs for... More Info
Youngest Fellow of the Institute of Chartered Shipbrokers
Huge congratulations to Nathaniel Nti who was recently welcomed into the Institute... More Info
OMA Ghana Ltd was incorporated as a Ghanaian company in May 2009 and has established a firm foothold in the shipping and oil & gas industries in Ghana with offices in Tema, Takoradi and Accra.
OMA Ghana provides ship agency services for vessels calling at Tema and Takoradi ports. We provide services for tankers, bulk carriers, RoRo, cruise & navy vessels and co-ordinate with the cargo charterers and receivers as required.
We offer support services to our customers in the oil & gas industry and OMA Ghana has forged important alliances and joint ventures with international companies operating in this sector. We are registered with the Petroleum Commission and as an indigenous company, meet all local content laws that are important for the future of our country.
Our sister company, OMA Logistics Ghana Ltd is a licenced Customs House Agent and offers logistics solutions to a wide range of industries including clients in the mining and oil & gas industries.
SETTING THE STANDARDS IN GHANA
We are committed to conduct our business activities in a responsible, transparent and ethical way, and a TRACE certification process is undertaken every year. We meet and comply with the local content regulations.
Through major investments in staff, resources and internal & external training, OMA Ghana is proud to have achieved TRACE certification (renewed annually) and has developed International QHSE policies and an Integrated management system based upon ISO 9001:2015, ISO 45001:2018 and ISO 14001:2015, for which we are certified and audited annually by DNV GL.
We use our internal ISO integrated management systems as the basis for our workflow and this also ensures that any sub-contractors match our own demanding standards. The overall aim is to ensure consistency in the quality of our service and the prevention of harm to people or the environment.
FUTURESTARS CHARITY WEBSITE
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GOOD CALL, BONNE EXPERIENCE


It is a popular exchange for its huge number of Initial Coin Offering (ICO. Trading Service to help you keep track of Volume,. reading forums and Twitter feeds and gathering information about coins from.
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WhatsApp Messenger allows you customize the media auto-download settings, for example you can choose the type of media (audio, video or image files) that can automatically be downloaded when your phone is connected to a Wi-Fi network, mobile data or is in roaming mode.
Note that: If you enable auto-download for roaming mode, this will result in extra costs.
Tap on the Menu key > Settings.
Go to Chat Settings > Media Auto-download.
Published by jak58. Latest update on February 26, 2014 at 06:54 AM by jak58.
This document, titled "WhatsApp Messenger - Configure the media auto-download settings," is available under the Creative Commons license. Any copy, reuse, or modification of the content should be sufficiently credited to CCM (https://ccm.net/).


text:
Kindle Buffet Free Books and Discounts for Sunday, December 27, 2020
by Steve Weber on December 27, 2020
As an Amazon Associate we earn commissions from qualifying purchases.
Cruel Justice (Justice series Book 1) (paid link)
Author: Comley, M A
Hard-Boiled Mysteries
Death is coming…
Women are in fear of their lives.
A serial killer is on the loose with a terrifying agenda, DI Lorne Simpkins and her intrepid team soon realise they will need to use all their skills and patience to capture the murderer.
One mistake and the body count could rise over night.
The villain taunts Lorne constantly, sending her vile packages in an attempt to unnerve her. She needs to dig deep to combat his evilness… but at what cost to her colleagues and her family?
Ninja School Mum (paid link)
Author: Chantree, Lizzie
Obsessive-compulsive school mum, Skye, is a lonely elite spy, who is running from her past whilst trying to protect the future of her child. She tries hard to fit in with the other parents at her son's new school, but the only person who accepts her unconventional way of life is new mother, Thea.
Thea is feeling harassed by her sister and bored with her life, but she suspects that there is something strange about the new school mum, Skye. Thea has secrets of her own and, although the two become unlikely friends, she hesitates to tell Skye about the father of her own child.
Dead Harvest (Inspector Ray Wilson Thriller Book 1) (paid link)
Author: Leatham, Andrew
A truck is stopped for a routine traffic violation.
But when the police look inside they find something they never expected.
A mysterious, ornate, but apparently ancient coffin.
And what appears to be an Egyptian Mummy.
Detective Inspector Ray Wilson is about to be thrown into the most baffling case of his career.
And the most dangerous.
He has to find out where it came from and where it was going.
Sanyare: The Last Descendant (The Sanyare Chronicles Book 1) (paid link)
Author: Haskell, Megan
Nordic Myth & Legend Fantasy
Rie is only human. The high elves have made that very clear. Even training as an elite fighter isn't enough to earn the respect she craves. Her only allies are the fierce carnivorous pixies who travel by her side, yet still she clings to the hope of one day earning her place in the Upper Realm.
When she's attacked by assassins from the enemy Shadow Realm, Rie's martial prowess keeps her alive…and frames her as a traitor. Facing execution at the hand of a merciless king, Rie must forsake her oaths and flee into enemy lands to prove her innocence. What she uncovers may threaten more than her honor or even her life…for war is looming in the nine faerie realms.
Silence: Little Mermaid Retold (Romance a Medieval Fairytale) (paid link)
Author: Carlton, Demelza
A little mermaid. A prince to save. Only silence can break the spell.
The mermaid Margareta saved Prince Erik from a shipwreck. Wanting to see the prince again, Margareta strikes a bargain with the Master of Beacon Isle. If she saves his sons from a terrible curse, he will reunite her with Prince Erik. All she has to do is stay silent until the curse is broken.
Silence is a virtue…until Prince Erik arrives early, searching for the mermaid who saved his life.
Can two hearts speak louder than words?
The 9 Lives Cozy Mystery Boxed Set (paid link)
Author: Clark, Louise
Regularly $13.99, Today $1.99
Young mother Christy Jamieson just learned her husband, Frank, embezzled his trust fund, sold their Vancouver mansion, and ran off with a socialite. Worse, Frank's trustees are telling Christy to let them handle it. But they aren't doing anything, and Frank's enemies are coming after her and her daughter. Desperate to find Frank and fend off his enemies, Christy asks Quinn for help. His price: the dirt on Frank. But the closer Christy and Quinn get to the dangerous truth, the more convinced they become that only the one who knows where Frank is at, is Stormy the Cat.
Jessica (The Manhattan Stories Book 1) (paid link)
Author: Mabry, Donna Foley
Regularly $2.99, Today $0.99
Jessica McCarthy's only Christmas wish is for a home of her own and children. All her friends are already married and have families. Believing that true love will never come her way, she settles for the man she sees as her last chance to realize her dream, handsome, charming, ne'er-do-well, Zachary Belk.
Jessica's father, one of the most successful businessmen in 1860's Manhattan, warns her that he isn't a good prospect for a husband. Jessica seldom goes against his advice, but Zachary is the only man in New York who has courted her.
Ordeal (paid link)
Author: Lovelace, Linda, McGrady, Mike
Biographies of Actors & Actresses
Linda Boreman was just twenty-one when she met Chuck Traynor, the man who would change her life. Less than two years later, the girl who wouldn't let her high school dates get past first base was catapulted to fame as an adult film superstar. Linda Boreman of Yonkers, New York, had become Linda Lovelace.
The unprecedented success of Deep Throat made pornography popular with mainstream audiences and made Lovelace a household name. But nobody, from the A-list celebrities who touted the movie to the audiences that lined up to see it, knew the truth about what went on behind the scenes.
Corregidora (Celebrating Black Women Writers Book 1) (paid link)
Author: Jones, Gayl
African American Historical Fiction
The new edition of an American masterpiece, this is the harrowing story of Ursa Corregidora, a blues singer in the early 20th century forced to confront the inherited trauma of slavery.
A literary classic that remains vital to our understanding of the past, Corregidora is Gayl Jones's powerful debut novel, examining womanhood, sexuality, and the psychological residue of slavery. Jones masterfully tells the story of Ursa, a Kentucky blues singer, who, in the wake of a tragic loss, confronts her maternal history and the legacy of Corregidora, the Portuguese slave master who fathered both her mother and grandmother.
Where There's Hope: Healing, Moving Forward, and Never Giving Up (paid link)
Author: Smart, Elizabeth
Biographies of Social Activists
Author. Activist. Victim—no more.
In her fearless memoir, My Story—the basis of the Lifetime Original movie I Am Elizabeth Smart—Elizabeth detailed, for the first time, the horror behind the headlines of her abduction by religious fanatic Brian David Mitchell and his wife, Wanda Barzee. Since then, she's married, become a mother, and travelled the world as the president of the Elizabeth Smart Foundation, sharing her story with the intent of helping others along the way.
Over and over, Elizabeth is asked the same question: How do you find the hope to go on? In this book, Elizabeth returns to the horrific experiences she endured, and the hard-won lessons she learned, to provide answers.
Cold Mountain: A Novel (paid link)
Author: Frazier, Charles
Sorely wounded and fatally disillusioned in the fighting at Petersburg, a Confederate soldier named Inman decides to walk back to his home in the Blue Ridge mountains to Ada, the woman he loves. His trek across the disintegrating South brings him into intimate and sometimes lethal converse with slaves and marauders, bounty hunters and witches, both helpful and malign. At the same time, the intrepid Ada is trying to revive her father's derelict farm and learning to survive in a world where the old certainties have been swept away.
The Bottom of the Pool: Thinking Beyond Your Boundaries to Achieve Extraordinary Results (paid link)
Author: Andrews, Andy
Christian Professional Growth
This is how it's done. This is why it's done this way. This is the result you can expect if you do it.
These three pieces of information inform a conclusion about every part of each of our lives. Yet it is these three pieces of information that most often set an insidious trap—a trap that has held the imaginations of generations captive to the belief that because they are doing the best they can do, they are accomplishing the best that can be done. And while each of these three statements are true, not one of them is the truth.
Dive deeper with bestselling author Andy Andrews as he shares his unique philosophy regarding foundational thinking.
… See the rest of today 's Book Picks here on page 2Page 2


This textbook deals an intensive, smooth creation into commutative algebra. it truly is intented frequently to function a advisor for a process one or semesters, or for self-study. The rigorously chosen material concentrates at the ideas and effects on the heart of the sector. The e-book continues a relentless view at the typical geometric context, permitting the reader to realize a deeper realizing of the fabric. even though it emphasizes thought, 3 chapters are dedicated to computational facets. Many illustrative examples and routines increase the text.
Biosensors are analytical units within which speci? c acceptance of the chemicals is played by means of organic fabric. The organic fabric that serves as acceptance aspect is utilized in mix with a transducer. The transducer transforms focus of substrate or product to electric sign that's amp- ?
Kronecker items are used to outline the underlying Markov chain (MC) in quite a few modeling formalisms, together with compositional Markovian types, hierarchical Markovian types, and stochastic strategy algebras. the incentive at the back of utilizing a Kronecker established illustration instead of a flat one is to relieve the garage necessities linked to the MC.
Approximate Commutative Algebra is an rising box of study which endeavours to bridge the distance among conventional detailed Computational Commutative Algebra and approximate numerical computation. The final 50 years have obvious huge, immense development within the realm of actual Computational Commutative Algebra, and given the significance of polynomials in medical modelling, it's very traditional to wish to increase those rules to deal with approximate, empirical information deriving from actual measurements of phenomena within the actual global.
From the reports: "Volumes III and IV whole L. Hörmander's treatise on linear partial differential equations. They represent the main whole and updated account of this topic, by way of the writer who has ruled it and made the main major contributions within the final a long time. .. .. it's a remarkable e-book, which needs to be found in each mathematical library, and an imperative device for all - old and young - attracted to the idea of partial differential operators.


Date: 14.04.2018 | Dance, Disco, Reggae, RnB, Pop, HipHop, Rap | Tags: Select Essentials, Remix Holdings, Select Mix, Taylor Swift, Robinson, New City, Madison Beer, Lil Dicky, Chris Brown, Flo Rida | Download Select Mix Essentials Vol. 145 (2018) for free.
The material Select Mix Essentials designed and signed as a reference on your choice of several exchangers file. Torontos New Cityis made up of Adrian Mitchell, Jed Webster, and Nathan Brown. Getting Closer follows the success of previous tracks, Coachella and Dirty Secrets. Shawn Mendes has Another new song out! The singer just dropped his new song Lost in Japan, listen to it here! Hall and Oates teamed with Train for their upbeat song, Philly Forget Me Not, ahead of the two bands co-headlining summer tour. The song, featuring Chris Brown, DJ Khaled, Ed Sheeran and Kendall Jenner, tells the story of Lil Dicky and Chris Brown switching bodies and is home to some amazingly quotable lyrics. The reigning artists of todays popular music genre see their success as a result of this positive collaboration!


text:
It's Time To Compete For Glory In League Of Legends: Cash Cups
You've heard of fantasy football. You've heard of League Of Legends. But, now it's time to combine the two for your ultimate fantasy league.
You're probably wondering what on Earth we're talking about, and we're glad you asked! We're talking about Fantasy League Of Legends– choose your lineup and compete (as always) but for an even better prize- CASH!
Image Source: Tenor
If you're not familiar with League Of Legends, allow us to explain! LoL is a multi-player game, and everyone plays on a team. Everyone assumes the role of a champion, and team members with different special abilities work to achieve the ultimate goal- take down the opposing teams Nexus, or the main structure at the heart of their base. Here's where the fantasy football aspect comes in! In Fantasy League Of Legends, you build your team using professional players, and when they play their matches, you score points based on how well they perform.
Now that you're up to speed on the game itself and before we dive into the new contests, Fantasy League Of Legends will still be available for free for anyone who isn't looking for the extra expense! Now, back to the good stuff!
Esports One- Fantasy Esports has launched Cash Cups, pay-to-enter Fantasy League contests that award cash prizes to the highest scorers of the week. You'll compete and earn rank depending on how well your team plays that week! These contests have two methods of entry- one is cash, and the other is bytes.
The Bytes Cup
The Bytes Cup is one of four cash cups you can enter, BUT it's the only one you can enter using bytes, and it has a set prize amount of $500 that 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Place winners will split! This one requires 3000 bytes to buy-in, and it's pre-determined that you're going to have a blast!
Cash Buy-Ins
These contests require you to do exactly that, buy your way into them. There are three different cash buy-in contests available, but unlike The Bytes Cup, these are Winner-Takes-All, and there's no set reward amount. The more people that enter, the more the prize pool grows, and therefore, more money for the winner. 90% of your entry fee goes into the prize pool, and the amount of the buy-ins are as follows:
Adventurers Cup – $3
Dragons Cup – $5
Legendary Cup – $10
That is a pretty big deal for hardcore Fantasy League Of Legends players! The best part is that there's no limit on how many contests you enter at a time; enter one or enter all four, and lineups are open now so you can signup and play for free until you feel confident enough to play with the high rollers in the Cash Cups! The contests run as long as a single duration fantasy contest. After entering the cash cups, you may change your lineup as many times as you like until the lineups lock. When that happens, your latest saved lineup will be the one that gets entered. We are pretty stoked about it, and if you are ready to get your game in, you can click here to signup!
*You must be 18 or older to enter. For official rules, click here.*
Are you excited about the new buy-in Fantasy League Of Legends: Cash Cups? Have you already signed up? Do you think you have what it takes to win first prize? Let us know in the comments below or by tweeting us @TheHoneyPOP! You can also hit us up on Facebook and Instagram!
TO LEARN MORE ABOUT ESPORTS ONE- FANTASY ESPORTS:
INSTAGRAM|TWITTER|WEBSITE
Want to read more fun articles? We can help!
Featured Image Source: courtesy of esports one
BTS' Virtual Concert <i>'MAP OF THE SOUL ON:E'</i> Saved Our Weekend
Here's The Mischievous New Music Video for 100 gecs' 'hand crushed by a mallet'
Emily Defoor
Here's How Taylor Swift Made 2020 Her Year
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by Jazmin Williams
Vergil Joins the Fight in Devil May Cry 5 on Next-Gen Systems
by Garry H
Every Game Coming to Xbox Game Pass with Xbox Series X/S