text:
A Conversation with Arthur Jensen
American Renaissance, August and September 1992
Arthur Jensen gave this interview to Jared Taylor in 1992. It is still as timely and relevant as the day it was recorded.
Arthur Jensen
Arthur Jensen is Professor of Educational Psychology at the University of California, Berkeley. He is perhaps the world's best-known scholar in the field of racial differences in intelligence. Ever since 1969, when his article, "How Much Can We Boost IQ and Scholastic Achievement?", appeared in the Harvard Educational Review, he has been at the center of what is probably the most controversial of all academic fields. Prof. Jensen has been widely reviled, but his patient research and keen analysis have now won a position of near-unanimity for his views — at least among specialists.
What follow are excerpts from a several-hour conversation with Prof. Jensen, in which he talks about race, intelligence, sex differences, eugenics, and the future of the United States.
American Renaissance: You are probably most famous, still, for that Harvard Educational Review article.
Prof. Jensen: That's true, yes. I think that's probably one of the most over-cited articles in the history of psychology.
AR: Well, I've always assumed that article got the incredible amount of attention that it did because this was really the first time after the Second World War that someone had stated that there could very well be a genetic factor that accounts for the difference in black and white achievement.
Jensen: Right, yes. It's the first time that it had really been stated explicitly in the academic literature since before World War II.
AR: Why were you the person to first do that? What prompted you?
Jensen: I became involved in this subject the year [1967] that I spent at the Center for the Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, the Palo Alto [CA] think tank. I went there that year to write a book on the psychology of the culturally disadvantaged. I felt that I should have one short chapter about the inheritance of mental ability, if only to dismiss the subject. That was the standard stance at the time.
AR: That was your view at the time?
Jensen: Yes, that was my view at the time. I knew next to nothing about the subject, except that I had heard Sir Cyril Burt give the "Walter Van Dyke Bingham Address" at the American Psychological Association. I'd mainly gone just to see the most famous British psychologist. I wasn't interested in the subject particularly, but it stuck with me because it was a brilliant lecture.
There also happened to be a geneticist at the think tank that year, and I became acquainted with him. He put me on a sort of reading course in this area so that I could learn more about it, the technical aspect of it. It was the year after that that I wrote the HER [Harvard Educational Review] article, in 1968, and it was published in the Spring of 1969.
And it was there that I met [William] Shockley. We got together periodically to talk about some of these things.
AR: Dr. Shockley had taken a public position on these questions before you had?
Jensen: Oh, yes; in two talks. One that he gave at the Commonwealth Club, here in San Francisco, and one that he gave at the National Academy of Sciences. This was in 1967. It was the first time he stuck his neck out on this.
AR: What do you think accounts for the ferocious opposition to your views — especially then — but which continues up to today?
Jensen: It continues today, yes. For one thing, people have been taught from early childhood — and it's especially true of better-educated people — that all people are essentially the same, except for very superficial differences due to their social background and advantages in upbringing and so forth. To suggest anything else offends this deep conviction. In fact, I was brought up very much that way. My own parents, especially my mother — my father was more hard-headed and tough-minded — but my own mother thought it was just outrageous that I had written that HER article. The view being a very common one today, still, that blacks would be no different from the rest of us — the rest of the population — if they simply had the same education and all of that.
Even among a single racial group there's a great sensitivity about individual differences in the trait of intelligence. This is probably the most highly valued trait. When people are asked what characteristics they want their children most to have, the two things they mention first are good health and good intelligence. If you suggest that people differ in intelligence for reasons that they themselves are not responsible for, because of the particular assortment of genes they happen to get, this seems terribly unfair.
AR: There's an aspect of this that's particularly curious, and that's the fact that at the turn of the century there was a very strong acceptance, it seems, or a very strong movement towards acceptance of genetic differences by men like Sir Francis Galton and Karl Pearson. Even in the United States, very reputable people became advocates of eugenics.
Jensen: I think that World War II was really the main turning point in this. We'd been headed in that direction [egalitarianism], but the turning point, I think, was the revulsion against the Nazi Holocaust. People pointed to that as an example of what would happen if we recognized differences.
Of course it's very inapplicable really, because the group that was persecuted there was the group that was doing very well in Germany and around the world. It had a larger percentage of Nobel Prize winners and members of the National Academy of Sciences and Fellows of Royal Societies than any other group.
AR: It's my understanding that in fact there's no record that Hitler even said that Jews were inferior anyway.
Jensen: That's right, yes. They had other reasons for their views. But this [the Holocaust] was still given as an example of the result of making racial or ethnic distinctions between groups.
AR: I know that in the past Stephen Jay Gould, Leon Kamin and a few other people have been widely and popularly quoted as maintaining a strictly environmental point of view.
Jensen: That's right. Well, certainly Kamin does; I'm not so sure about Gould. He does on the race difference issue, no doubt about that, but on individual differences in intelligence he doesn't seem to be a strict environmentalist. He's too much of a biologist for that. Kamin is, but whether Kamin believes this privately or not, I can't be sure. He seems to me to be too intelligent to really believe what he says.
AR: You think that what he says might very well simply be what he thinks people should think?
Jensen: I think so. I think that is probably it. But then, I can't accuse him of that, because that would be accusing him of dishonesty. I know he's a very learned and bright person, and he's a sane person basically, which some people in the opposition aren't.
AR: Well, I guess what I'm driving at is whether or not there really are any people left in the psychometric community, or in intelligence testing, or serious applied biology, who do think — and are willing to say publicly — that racial differences in achievement are strictly a matter of environment?
Jensen: I know almost none myself. I've looked for such persons. When my book Bias in Mental Testing came out in 1980, Time magazine ran a full-page story about it. Then they got so many complaints about that article because it didn't tear down my position at all. The same writer called me and said that they had gotten so many complaints that they had promised people they would bring out another article on the same subject after a certain amount of opinion had accumulated about my book. They would report this and it would satisfy the opposition.
Then they called me perhaps a month later and asked me if I could suggest anyone who might disagree with the main conclusions of this book, because they hadn't been able to find anyone. I said, "Well, have you contacted Kamin?" And I mentioned a couple of other people. They said, "Yes, we thought of them first, but what they have to say sounds so weak that it wouldn't satisfy our readership that we've done a job on this thing. Is there anyone else you could suggest?"
So I mentioned a couple of very competent psychometricians around the country. I didn't know quite what their stands were, but I knew they were competent people who would be capable of criticizing this type of work and would likely have seen my book by that time. They called them, but they got nothing that they could use against me, so they never did the article. Now that would have been news itself, but it didn't make the news.
One person who takes the opposite side on the race issue, not on the [test] bias issue, but on the race issue particularly, who I think is a respectable scientist, is James R. Flynn. He's in New Zealand, at the University of Otago. He's a professor of Political Science. I don't agree with everything [he says] and I think he weights different items of information very differently than I would, or many others would. But he does seem to be a sensible and intelligent person without any very obvious ideological ax to grind.
AR: It sounds as though, in effect, you have to go all the way to New Zealand to find someone who is not an obvious ideologue with an obvious ax to grind who will take a reasoned and intelligent position that is opposed to yours.
Jensen: That's right, yes.
AR: I understand that there are more or less physiological assessments of intelligence — reaction time correlates with height and myopia [all of which correlate with intelligence]. It seems to me, if the general public, or perhaps more importantly, the people who run the media, are to be made to accept the notion of genetic origins of individual and perhaps racial differences, then something like direct physiological assessment might be more convincing to them than IQ tests.
Jensen: Oh, I think so, yes. You see the black/white difference is mainly a difference in this g factor that I talk about. The term was invented by [Charles] Spearman
way back in 1904. If one does factor analysis on a whole battery of tests to determine the degree to which each of the tests measures this general factor that's common to all cognitive tests — I don't care what the test is; it can be as bizarre as anything you can imagine — if it measures cognitive ability, if it measures some kind of mental effort, however slight or however varied, it will measure this gfactor. Those g loadings, as they're called, of the various tests, will predict quite well the degree to which whites and blacks differ on that test. Blacks and whites differ hardly at all on some tests, but they differ a lot on others. The thing that predicts the size of the black/white difference is the g loading of the test. Really nothing else, for all practical purposes.
AR: Can you describe in words the ones that tend to be the most g loaded?
Jensen: Yes. One of the best tests for measuring g is Raven's Progressive Matrices. I can show you one right here. [Prof. Jensen describes the test — it involves recognizing patterns and making a selection that conforms to that pattern.]
Everyone is familiar with these kinds of shapes. There is nothing at all esoteric about these things as there would be with, say, a vocabulary test, where the words keep increasing in difficulty because they become rarer words. It's really a test of true reason. It's really inductive reasoning. It measures nothing but g plus error. There's nothing verbal, nothing numerical, nothing spatial, nothing mechanical, nothing musical. I mean it's just pure g.
AR: How do people who argue that test results are a function of bias in the test respond to a test like that? I can't understand how there could be any cultural bias.
Jensen: Well, they will claim there's cultural bias in doing this kind of activity. If the test were really culturally biased one thing we would notice would be that the items in this kind of test should be in a different rank order for different racial-cultural groups. I mean what's hard for one would be easy for another and vice versa. But the rank order of item difficulty on this is exactly the same for blacks and whites.
AR: In other words, you can't pick out particular questions that seem to be prejudiced against blacks?
Jensen: That's right. Take the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT), for example. This is an interesting one, because again the items in it are also the same for blacks and whites tested in this country, but if you take the PPVT, which was standardized on Americans, and give it in England, as I have done, you find that there are certain items that are way out of rank order of difficulty.
The way the test works, there are four pictures on each page, and you name one of them and the child simply has to point to it. Well, there's one item that something like 75 percent of grammar school kids in this country get right, but Fellows of the Royal Society that I tried it on in England, flunk. It's a picture of a caboose. You say "caboose", and they look puzzled. I've tried this on Francis Crick [discoverer of DNA and winner of the Nobel Prize], and he said, "There is no caboose there." I said, "Do you know what a caboose is?" He said "Yes, it's a ship's kitchen." I said, "Sorry, that's not right." He said, "Well, I'm sure it's right." And he took down the Oxford English Dictionary and showed me that in England "caboose" means a ship's kitchen. So that's a true cultural difference, you see.
There are quite a few items that are of different difficulty in England, but it's not true in this country. We tested hundreds of black and white children on the PPVT, and the item difficulties are the same rank order, except that fewer black children get any single item right.
AR: So those that argue cultural bias are reduced to arguing that the entire process is"
Jensen: The entire process is somehow biased, yes. That inductive and deductive reasoning is itself a cultural invention and it is biased against blacks.
AR: That seems a bit of a stretch, doesn't it? That's almost like saying that intelligence is somehow biased against blacks.
AR: It reminds me a little bit of the Ptolemeic Solar System, in which having assumed that the earth does not move, then people had to come up with increasingly hair-brained schemes to explain the apparent motions of the planets.
Jensen: Absolutely, and there's sort of an infinite regress of this sort of thing. You have to make up one fiction to explain something, then you need another fiction to explain that fiction, and it goes on and on. This affects branches of psychology that are nominally totally disconnected from this issue. Things way out here someplace can't be dealt with honestly because that fiction is a support for some other fiction. The bottom line turns out to be that we can't face the prospect that there are real differences between the various racial and social groups. It's really quite incredible.
AR: I have always thought that given this human genome project, that we can't help but stumble on genes, that in certain combinations, result in intelligence.
Jensen: Right, yes. That is already a subject of research. Robert Plomin, at the State University of Pennsylvania, is actually researching this now with modern techniques of molecular genetics. He's looking for specific genes that influence intelligence. It will be a difficult project, but this will eventually happen. Of course, when we do find those genes, I think that'll probably settle the race differences issue, which can't be settled by any known techniques of quantitative genetics, mainly because all of those techniques are for studying the heritability of individual differences in intelligence within racial groups, and it is highly inheritable within all racial groups that have been studied. There's no question that the preponderance of the variance in intelligence — the g, more so than IQ — is attributable to the genetic variance.
But you can't use the same techniques to study racial differences, because all these techniques are based on a comparison of relatives — twins, identical twins, fraternal twins, siblings, parents and children. You don't find pairs of identical twins where one's black and the other's white, so there are no known ways in quantitative genetics for studying this, short of one that's technically possible but practically unfeasible — to say nothing of the ethical objections. It would be something like a true breeding experiment such as they do in agricultural genetics.
There would have to be random samples of the white and black populations mated at random. Then the children cross-fostered at random in black and white homes. You'd have a complete experimental design of children whose parents are both white, both black, mixed white and black, and children who were reared in each type of home. Then if that were all thrown into what is called an analysis of variance, those data could be analyzed and one could sort out the degree to which the differences on any trait were attributable to genetic factors and environmental factors.
AR: So you could design an experiment that would give definitive data?
Jensen: Oh, right. No doubt about it, but it's an experiment that simply couldn't be done.
AR: Well, to raise another question about intelligence: it's my understanding, although I've never seen it written about very much, that although the average male and female IQ is the same, the variance for men is greater.
Jensen: That's absolutely true, yes. All of the data show that.
AR: Well that seems to be a thoroughly suppressed bit of data also.
Jensen: In some circles, yes. Although nearly everyone working in the field knows of this.
AR: But it seems to me that it's important in so far as out at the tails of the curve — doesn't that mean that the number of men with IQs of 160, say, could very well be five or six times greater than the number of women with IQs of 160?
Jensen: Right.
AR: Which seems to me would explain the kinds of things egalitarians are so often complaining about.
Jensen: Right, few women mathematicians and musical composers.
AR: Perhaps that's explained as much by the difference of IQ in these tails [of the distribution curve] as anything else.
Jensen: Yes. Julian Stanley is a professor at Johns Hopkins University who, for 25 years has been conducting a nationwide talent search for high level mathematicians. He finds these kids when they're anywhere from ten to fifteen years of age and he gets them into universities. He finds very few women each year, very few girls. The top fifty are always males. He goes through at least fifty males before he finds a female who's next in rank.
These females who are selected into this program — he's only interested in maybe the top 100 each year that he can find in the whole nation — but the females are the best in their schools. I mean they're not girls who didn't like math; they've loved it all their lives. They are the best in their schools. They are math whizzes, but there are always fifty or so males ahead of them in math talent.
Now, the same may be true in musical composition talent, because there's no prejudice against women writing music, as far as I know. Women write novels and poetry, and there are a lot of women composers. I found a whole book in the library of biographies of women composers, but you probably haven't heard of more than a couple of them, and
you'd have to name fifty male composers, at least, before you got to one that was on a par with the most famous woman composer.
AR: And you feel that that's probably a reflection of their talent for composing?
Jensen: Yes, I think so. How would you explain that in terms of some cultural bias? You could explain it in the case of musical performance, let's say — that the audience or the public doesn't accept a woman pianist. But there are great women pianists, great women violinists, but there are no great women composers. There are no great women mathematicians, and there are no great women chess players. Those are the three fields in which there is a distinct sex difference — probably not at the middle — but at the top, and they are the three fields where there are authentic child prodigies, about the only ones where you find children who can outperform most adults who've devoted their lives to this kind of thing.
AR: Well, the sorts of things that you've been telling me, the sorts of things you've been doing research about, can you and do you freely teach these things in your classes?
Jensen: I sure do. I soft-pedaled things 20 years ago, and even then, there were great protests. I had students who would drop the course if these things were brought up even in a very mild way, in a hypothetical way. Students today wonder what all the shouting was about.
AR: Is that so?
Jensen: Yes, it's rather hard to get students to believe that there were these protests and so on. They take a lot of this for granted. Oh, there's been a great change in the students in that respect . . . But even in 1969-1970, I never saw a black in any of these demonstrations.
AR: Is that right?
Jensen: Not a one.
AR: They were SDS [Students for a Democratic Society]-types?
Jensen: All SDS and Progressive Labor Party, mainly. I tried to put them out when they tried to audit my course, because they were hecklers, and so some of the SDS people would sign up for the course. Of course, then they'd have to do the assignments and take the exams.
Interestingly enough, they usually were the top students in the course because they did so much outside reading to try and give me a bad time. They would go out and read everything Galton wrote! They were bright students. They just happened to be political radicals. "
Years ago, if I gave talks at the APA or the American Educational Research Association, the least little thing you'd say, people would get up on the floor and start denouncing you. I haven't run into that for a long time, except in Canada and Australia. There's about a ten year cultural lag in those places, I think, on this topic.
AR: I guess nowadays, as compared to fifteen or twenty years ago, you're not a notorious presence on campus? People don't say, "There goes Jensen!" You just don't get that anymore?
Jensen: No, no. I used to. I used to have to be accompanied around campus by two campus policemen. In fact, they told me not to leave my office and go to the library, or any place, except to go to the men's room around the corner, but not anywhere else without calling the campus police. They'd whiz across campus in a car and they'd be here in just a couple of minutes and walk with me wherever I wanted to go. One year I had two campus policemen, plain clothes men, in all my classes. They audited my courses.
American Renaissance: What about traits other than intelligence being differently distributed from group to group?
Prof. Jensen: Well, I think that's very likely, too. It just hasn't been studied very intensively. I think it's interesting, for example, that nearly any famous concert violinist in this century that you could name is Jewish. It's partly cultural, because there are so many famous Jewish musicians that Jewish parents tend to give their children music lessons to see if they've got one of these talented kids, so there's something in the selection process there, too, but I think there's undoubtedly a genetic factor in being a [Jascha] Heifetz or a [Fritz] Kreisler, or something like that.
AR: I know that in their book, Crime and Human Behavior, Prof. [Richard] Hernnstein and Prof. [James Q.] Wilson talk about — they're very tentative about this, but — a possible difference in levels of impulsiveness in groups. They see an unwillingness to defer gratification as a psychological predisposition, one of the predisposing factors to crime. They suspect that traits like that could be distributed differently from group to group.
Jensen: Right. Any personality trait of that measure you examine, of course, has a genetic component, which means that it's conceivable that groups can differ on such a trait for genetic reasons. Again, like intelligence, there's no good way of proving this with the present technology in genetics, but it's a plausible hypothesis, certainly.
AR: To get back to the intelligence question again, if society were to recognize the genetic origin of intelligence to the extent that you think it should, can you sketch out for us some of the things that society would do differently?
Jensen: There has to be much more emphasis than there is now on a more highly differentiated educational system — an educational system that allows people to develop to the maximum in whatever way their own potentials and abilities allow. So you would have much more educational diversity. You wouldn't expect the same goals for everyone. Another would be a difference in the timing of the introduction of educational materials. There'd be a greater recognition of something that used to be called educational readiness for learning. We know that children differ enormously in their readiness to learn to read, to deal with numbers, and so forth.
Nearly all children within the normal range — by that I mean IQs of 70 and up, who don't have organic brain damage and aren't severely retarded — they can learn to read, provided it's introduced in the right way at the right age. If you introduce a child who is in the 80 or so IQ range to reading at the usual age of six, he's much more likely to fail than children with IQs of 100 or higher, and much more likely to be given up on by the time he's at an age at which he could read with the same level of facility as the average six-year-old — that is to say, when he's nine or ten. The average black entering first grade is about a year behind in level of development. A year is a crucial difference when it comes to readiness for reading and arithmetic.
AR: It's my view, and this is a somewhat radical one, that a sense of racial difference, even independent of actual measurable differences, is sufficiently great so that any society that attempts to build a multi-racial nation is setting up what may be an insuperable obstacle for its own development. I think that to an unfortunate degree the mere fact of racial differences is something that human beings are almost always conscious of. For that reason, a society such as the United States, that is deliberately and explicitly trying to build a society on the notion that race can be made not to matter — which is in fact the unspoken assumption in America today — is doomed to failure.
Jensen: Now what if you had different racial groups that are compatible in abilities, general values and standards of living, as the Asians here seem to be? I mean, they've been conspicuously successful in our society, and what problems they've had have largely stemmed from their success.
AR: Well, it seems to me that if there are two racial groups that can live side by side in harmony, it appears to be whites and Asians. But the way our immigration policies work today, 90% of legal immigrants are non-white, overwhelmingly Hispanic, and it seems to me that the U.S. is making a terrible mistake by continuing to mix people from all the corners of the world who are as disparate as people can possibly be. It seems to me that one doesn't necessarily have to posit racial differences in intelligence or characteristics to nevertheless fear for the future, perhaps even the survival, of a nation that pretends that race doesn't matter.
Jensen: That may be true. But again, I'm wondering about the degree to which differences in basic characteristics may be at the basis of that. Where the differences in basic characteristics are not conspicuous, as in the case of Asians and whites, and when persons can fit in and do the same kinds of jobs and do them as well as anyone else, it may work. See, there are blacks who fit in this way too — who do all right.
But the black population in this country is in a sense burdened by the large number of persons who are at a level of g that is no longer very relevant to a highly industrialized, technological society. Once you get below IQs of 80 or 75, which is the cut-off for mental retardation in the California School System, children are put into special classes. These persons are not really educable up to a level for which there's any economic demand. The question is, what do you do about them? They have higher birth-rates than the other end of the distribution.
People are shocked and disbelieving when you tell them that about one in four blacks in our population are in that category — below 75. Judge Peckham [in a case in which he ruled that black students in California could not be given IQ tests because the tests were biased against blacks] could not believe it when this was explained to him in a trial that lasted a year. He said, "Well, if there were twice as many blacks in classes for the retarded as whites, maybe that would seem not impossible, but since there are four times as many, there's got to be something wrong with the tests. There's got to be something wrong with the way you're classifying them."
AR: Well, what do you think should be done?
Jensen: Well, as Lloyd Humphreys said — he's a professor of psychology at the University of Illinois who testified at the Larry P trial [about IQ tests for blacks in California] — the best thing the black community could do would be to limit the birth-rate among the least able members, which is of course a eugenic proposal. He was testifying on the side of the state; he knows the tests aren't biased. The defendant in the case was, of course, Wilson Riles, State Superintendent of Public Instruction [on whose side Prof. Humphreys was testifying].
Riles denounced this testimony in no uncertain terms. He said he'd never heard anything so racist in his life. He made a public statement about it and denounced Lloyd Humphreys for making this reasonable statement. Humphreys pointed out that one doesn't even have to talk about genetics. One only has to look at the raw correlation between parents and children. Whatever the cause, it would be better if these people did not have as many children because the children tend to turn out pretty much like the parents.
You see, the problem with relying entirely on education in these matters, is that these measures don't get to the IQ group below 75. Even when it does get to them — maybe I shouldn't mention his name, but a noted psychologist probably known to you — pointed out to me that somehow g also involves being able to act on what you know. He gave as an example the fact that everyone knows about AIDS today, yet there are many people who are taking no precautions against it and are behaving as though it didn't exist, and you can't say it's because they haven't heard about the danger.
AR: Although that's what people continue to say. They seem to say the answer is more education, more targeted propaganda.
Jensen: Well this works for the above 90 IQ part of the population. It is probably effective for them. But it doesn't get to this other group. The rate of AIDS in the black population of the United States is increasing much more rapidly than in any other segment of the population. In the homosexual population, which is not differentiated from the rest of the population in intelligence, the rate of AIDS is going down. I mean the message has gotten to them, apparently.
The message is really, probably, getting to just about everyone, but people in the lower part of the distribution don't seem to be able to have enough g to put messages together in a way that influences their behavior. This is one of the reasons why all methods of birth control, except sterilization, are dysgenic, because the effectiveness with which they are used is related to g. There's no getting around it.
AR: Do you think the state has any right to or role in stepping in in a forceful way?
Jensen:Well, that puts me into a political arena, if I make any pronouncements on that. My personal opinion is that I think society has to protect itself from dangers without and dangers within. I don't think it can survive otherwise. I think the dysgenic effect that Shockley was worried about may become so evident one day, that when everything else has been tried and found not to be effective — importantly effective — people will realize that something has to be done at a political and governmental level. Because education will not do the job in a large segment of the population.
AR: Well, it seems to me what you describe as a possible future for the United States, namely one in which the dysgenic effects become so overwhelmingly obvious that we have to do something, is a terrifying prospect.
Jensen:It is. It absolutely is. I'll send you a letter I received from someone who has to remain anonymous, that talks about these things. I've shown this letter to a number of other professors and they shake their heads and say they're afraid it's all too true. This person sort of predicted this thing going through stages, one stage being where the society becomes rather racially divided and lives in almost sort of enclaves that are protected one from another. You have a lot of that going on in countries like Brazil now.
I visited a professor in a large Eastern city last year, spent a couple days with him, and found that he lives in a protected community like this. I mean it's a community within the outskirts of the city that's completely fenced in and has a guard. You have to go through a gate. If you're a guest of someone they have to phone him to see if that person's expecting you or knows you. It's like a prison, and these people live that way. People are just moving into these kinds of places because it's unsafe to be anywhere else.
AR: It's the same in Miami. Miami has many of those enclaves. The curious thing to me is, if one were to take, say, someone of my grandfather's generation — the expectations he had for society, the kind of life he led, the assumptions he made about the way human beings should behave — if he were to come here today he would probably say, "My gosh! The dysgenic effects are so obvious, we must act now!" In other words, because it happens slowly, we accommodate ourselves bit by bit.
Jensen: It's like the story of the frog that's put into a bucket of water that's gradually heated up, it finally gets cooked, never jumps out. You throw him in some fairly warm water, he'll jump right out instantly. I think our population is becoming habituated to conditions that would have been thought ghastly a generation ago.
AR: Yes, sir. I think so too.
Jensen: It's clear to me, I mean I'm old enough to believe that the quality of life has deteriorated in the United States over the last thirty years.
AR: I wonder how far things must go before people decide that something must be done.
Jensen: There's a possibility that they may go to the limit and nothing will ever happen. I mean look how far they've gone in Brazil, Rio de Janeiro.
AR: At the same time, I think that there could very well be in countries — in Asia, Lee Kwan Yu [of Singapore] has suggested eugenic . . .
Jensen: Oh yes, he's dealing with a very different thing. He's got a small island community there and a small population, and it's racially quite homogeneous. All they've got there are 80% Chinese, 15% Malaysian, and 5% Indian, and the Malaysians are still getting out. Those who can't make it go to the mainland. So he's had it easy that way. He's certainly got one of the few spots in the world where you'd feel safe today walking in the streets.
AR: Japan is another. I think it's not inconceivable that a country like Japan, if it started giving even relatively mild inducements to more intelligent people to have more children and less intelligent people to have fewer children, it wouldn't be long before Japan would be just an utterly dominant power.
Jensen: Right, well when China starts doing this — of course China's now controlling its population. If they start using eugenic means to improve the quality of the population in various ways, which is sort of the next step, think where they will be with that size population to work on. They don't have the severe space problem that Japan has.
AR: It just seems to me that everyone talks about [international] competitiveness, but no one dares talk about the genetic component, the biological component of competitiveness.
Jensen: But you know, every great society in history so far has lasted a certain length of time, and then something has happened. Greek civilization, the Roman Empire, the British Empire — so when things finally go down, some other part of the world becomes predominant.
AR: But can you take such a philosophical attitude towards your own civilization?
Jensen: Well, I'm merely interested in the preservation of civilization, regardless of where it is. Some people are so afraid, of say, the Asians taking over in this country. Well if they can take over and do a better job than the rest of us, if they preserve the great things of both Western and Asian civilization, well I don't think the world will be worse off. Race and color and national origin and that sort of thing, don't really matter much to me at all. I've just never thought along those lines.
My fear would be a nation that devolved to the point where the great things of Western civilization would be lost. I'd hate to think that Beethoven would be lost to all except some small elite, and that these things could only be accessible on recordings and laser discs and so on. I like the idea of having an opera house where I can go and see Wagner, Verdi, and Puccini. I think that the Asians are capable of preserving that level of civilization, once introduced to it.
My fear is that if the population deteriorates to the point where there's no demand for these things, then that part of our culture is lost, at least here. Maybe it will be preserved somewhere else in the world. The fruits of genius, wherever they've occurred in the world, have to be preserved for future generations. It's conceivable you could have a country, or maybe even the world, in which these things become irrelevant because people are more concerned with creature comforts, overpopulation, and pure survival.
AR: That to me would be a catastrophe and a tragedy of unparalleled proportions.
Jensen: Oh, absolutely!
AR: I can think of nothing worse, really.
Jensen: Evolution itself doesn't care. These things are a product of evolution, and they've just, by some kind of fluke, reached this point — I mean, unless one takes a religious view of this, which I don't — they've reached this peak of having Beethovens and Wagners and Einsteins and Goethes and Shakespeares and so on. But then to move away from that to a population for which these things become meaningless, it would be just a tremendous tragedy. But it's not an impossibility, because evolution doesn't care what direction it goes in. It's simply opportunistic.
This AIDS crisis is simply another opportunity for evolution, in a sense. That's what's going to happen. It's going to divide the population into those who can avoid AIDS and those who, for whatever reasons, can't.
Prof. Jensen is the author of the definitive work on the validity of mental tests, Bias in Mental Testing (1980), and a more popular condensation of this book called Straight Talk About Mental Tests (1981). Some of his more recent views are reflected in "Spearman's g and the Problem of Educational Equality," which appeared in the Oxford Review of Education, Vol. 17, No. 2, 1991. He is the author of many other publications and is currently at work on a book for the layman about his latest findings.
Topics: AIDS, Classics, Eugenics and Dysgenics, Race and Intelligence, Racial Differences, Science and Genetics
About Jared Taylor
View all posts by Jared Taylor
Jared Taylor is the editor of American Renaissance and the author of Paved With Good Intentions, White Identity, and If We Do Nothing.
< Diversity May Be Fatal, Says New Government Health Study
Sharia Courts 'As Consensual as Rape', House of Lords Told >


text:
Guaido Accused of Blocking Vaccines as Venezuela Sends COVID-19 Aid to Brazil
107 doctors and 14,000 oxygen tanks have been sent on a humanitarian convoy to Manaus, Brazil.
Mérida, January 18, 2021 (venezuelanalysis.com) – Venezuela's self-declared "Interim President" Juan Guaido has allegedly refused to use funds under his control to purchase additional COVID-19 vaccines for the country.
According to documents seen by Reuters, Guaido's team turned down overtures from the Venezuelan Central Bank (BCV) to free up US $120 million worth of frozen assets in the UK. The BCV reportedly proposed bypassing the US blockade and purchasing UK-produced vaccines through the Gavi financing program, which looks to boost poorer countries' vaccination programmes via the World Health Organization's (WHO) COVAX system.
"The impact of the pandemic in Venezuela has worsened, and President [Nicolas] Maduro's government has been unable to effect payment to Gavi to secure access to COVID-19 vaccines by any other means," a statement from BCV lawyers Zaiwalla & Co. reads.
In response, Guaido's legal counsel Arnold & Porter allegedly responded that "our clients cannot consent" to the proposal. Guaido's team has since claimed that the response is a fake.
London and Washington continue to recognise Guaido as Venezuela's legitimate leader, despite the opposition man being shunned by the European Union last week and his position as National Assembly president expiring.
The UK and US have frozen a range of Venezuela's foreign-based assets, including US-based oil subsidiary CITGO and US $1.8 billion of gold stored in the Bank of England, with some of them having been transferred to Guaido's "administration."
RELATED CONTENT: Simon Bolivar Brigade with 107 Venezuelan and Brazilian Doctors Trained at ELAM-Caracas Offer Emergency Care in Manaus (COVID-19)
Caracas' efforts to use the UK-based gold for a UN-mediated purchase of healthcare equipment were similarly derailed last July, with Guaido contesting the BCV's control of the reserves. The US-backed opposition sectors were revealed to be using funds under their control to pay loyalists up to US $5000 a month, while Guaido himself is currently facing a series ofembezzlement and corruption charges.
The seizure of Venezuelan assets has come alongside an escalation of US sanctions against the Caribbean country which also prohibit firms from trading with Caracas or processing payment for goods or services. Equally, the policy opens the way for secondary sanctions against any non-US firm or government dealing with Venezuela. The sanctions have been widely condemned by the international community and described as "collective punishment" by the Center for Economic and Policy Research (CEPR).
As a result, Caracas has been increasingly forced to turn to international intermediaries, including the WHO, the Pan-American Health Organization and the United Nations or allied countries, to oversee payment or swap deals to acquire goods including vaccines.
To date, Venezuela has only managed to purchase Russia's Sputnik V vaccine, which was formally authorised for use last Wednesday and is expected to be rolled out before April. The Caribbean country identified 497 morecases and five deaths on Sunday, bringing the total to 119,803 cases and 1,105 deaths.
RELATED CONTENT: Venezuelan Comptroller: Juan Guaidó has Over €2 Billion in European Bank Accounts
International solidarity against the pandemic
Despite a recent increase in coronavirus cases, Venezuela continues to suffer far less than its neighbours, many of whom are beginning to apply a range of vaccines.
During a high-level delegation to Cuba over the weekend, Vice President Delcy Rodriguez reiterated calls for the Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America (ALBA) to create a vaccine bank for the benefit of member countries. While in Havana, she also announced that a bi-national observatory is to be formed to evaluate and counter the impact of Washington's "illicit and illegal" unilateral coercive measures against both nations.
Likewise, a National Scientific Centre for Ozone-therapy was inaugurated in northern Caracas on Sunday, which Maduro described as a "pioneering project for Latin America." The centre will reportedly look to "develop the application of ozone-therapy as a complementary medical treatment for different pathologies, with special emphasis on COVID-19."
Venezuela also took action to assist in an escalating COVID-19 emergency in the Brazilian city of Manaus over the weekend under the banner of "Latin American solidarity before anything else!"
The isolated city in the bordering Amazonas State, which has difficult communications with the rest of Brazil but houses 2 million people, has been overrun by COVID-19 in recent days, with Reuters reporting that its healthcare system is "at breaking point" and that mass graves are being dug. AFP has quoted on-the-ground scientists as saying that "oxygen tanks have run out and some hospital units have become a type of suffocation chamber."
In response, 107 Venezuelan and Brazilian doctors from Caracas' Salvador Allende Latin American Medical School (ELAM) were dispatched south of the border on Saturday to assist, in coordination with regional Brazilian authorities.
Alongside the so-called Simon Bolivar Medical Brigade, Venezuela also sent 136,000 litres of oxygen — equivalent to 14,000 individual tanks – as part of the humanitarian land convoy. The convoy, which will travel 1500 kilometres from Venezuela's Puerto Ordaz to Manaus, is expected to arrive on Monday night or Tuesday morning.
Maduro explained that his government "has extended its solidarity to the people of Amazonas because they are our brother people. The Brazilian people should know that we are willing to help Brazil as much as we can." Brazil's far right President Jair Bolsonaro fails to recognise Maduro as Venezuela's head of state and has broken off diplomatic relations between the two countries.
Featured image: Cemetery workers in protective suits carry the coffin of a person who died of COVID-19 at Nossa Senhora Aparecida Cemetery in Manaus, Brazil. (E Barros / AP)
(Venezuelanalysis.com)
Don't want to be a victim of the Algorithm?
SIGN UP TO RECEIVE OUR WEEKLY NEWSLETTER WITH ALL YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT VENEZUELA
Orinoco Tribune 2
https://orinocotribune.com/author/yullma/
14 Dead, 24 Injured in Ukrainian Strike on Civilian Hospital – Russian MoD
Raided by the FBI for Being Socialist, With Omali Yeshitela
Tags: coronavirus Guaido International solidarity Manaus us blockade
The Trump Administration's Parting Outrage Against Cuba
Venezuela Issues Arrest Warrants for CITGO Executives Appointed by Former Deputies, Seizes their Assets

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Institute for Latin American Concern
Welcome to ILAC
Home / Welcome
Creighton-ILAC Programs
Medical Teams & Other Programs
Creighton in the DR
Staff & Contact Info
Learn and Serve in the Dominican Republic.
ILAC VIDEO Contact Us
2020 ILAC Summer Health Program - Professional Application
ilac@creighton.edu
Then I heard the voice of the Lord saying, "Whom shall I send, and who will go for us?" And I said, "Here am I! Send me."
¡Bienvenidos! Welcome to the Institute for Latin American Concern (ILAC), a department within the Creighton University Global Engagement Office.
Creighton University has had a presence in the Dominican Republic for 45 years. We are hosted by the Centro de Educacion para la Salud Integral (CESI), well-known by its English name, Misión ILAC, with whom we have a very close partnership. This partnership grew from efforts to provide immersive experiences in health services and has expanded to other initiatives including supporting a semester-long academic service learning program for undergraduate students, Encuentro Dominicano, facilitating service and immersion experiences for partner high schools, and assisting with surgical missions and medical rotations.
Get to know ILAC


text:
Richard Kipkemboi Mateelong (ur. 14 października 1983 w Narok) – kenijski lekkoatleta, biegacz.

W dorobku posiada brązowy medal olimpijski z Pekin. Srebrny i brązowy medalista mistrzostw świata w biegu na 3000 m z przeszkodami.

Sukcesy

Rekordy życiowe
 Bieg na 1500 metrów – 3:41,79 (2005)
 Bieg na 3000 metrów – 7:48,71 (2005)
 Bieg na 5000 metrów – 13:30,4 (2006)
 Bieg na 3000 metrów z przeszkodami – 7:56,81 (2012)

Linki zewnętrzne

Kenijscy długodystansowcy
Kenijscy medaliści olimpijscy
Medaliści Letnich Igrzysk Olimpijskich 2008
Medaliści Mistrzostw Świata w Lekkoatletyce 2007
Medaliści Mistrzostw Świata w Lekkoatletyce 2009
Urodzeni w 1983

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


SHE-PACK TRAILER from Fanny Ovesen on Vimeo.
Juno Jensen (1987) is an artist, composer & producer known for her self-proclaimed northern noir sound under the alias of Pieces of Juno. After years of producing electronic instrumental music and DJing the underground club scene in Oslo, she gradually found back to her roots as a singer-songwriter, creating an album tetralogy based on the various stages of self-knowledge and the layerings of the mind; Kalopsia, Tacenda, Metanoia (2019) & Euthymia (in writing).
Her music has been used in American TV-show "Power" as well as the Norwegian success series "SKAM", and in 2018 she debuted as a film composer with the short-film "SHE-PACK" - screening at the 69th Berlinale.


Victoria Leard has always loved being outside, whether it was exploring the woods behind her house as a child, or just riding her bike in the driveway. As she got older though, her involvement in sports and clubs diminished her outdoor exploration time. When it came time to choose a direction after high school, Victoria knew she wanted to be in a science field, moving back and forth between Holland College's Conservation Technology program and the University of PEI, graduating from UPEI with her Bachelor of Wildlife Conservation. She's gone on to work with the Southeast Environmental Association in Eastern PEI.
The Brudenell River – Any areas in eastern PEI that are near water, are beautiful. Being near the water, whether it is on a boat, swimming at the beach, or bushwhacking through the woods to get to a small stream, relaxes me and takes me away from the hustle and bustle of reality and everyday life. It allows me to clear my mind and explore the areas I love and work to protect every day. The rivers in eastern PEI provide ample for all sorts of recreation, but they are also wonderful areas to get up close with wildlife such as gulls, osprey, eagles, sea birds, seals, and multiple fish species. One of the areas I love most is the Brudenell River. This area can be enjoyed from multiple locations whether it be right on the water or on land. Roma, at Brudenell Point, has a wonderful trail system that takes you right along the river and into the woods. Brudenell Provincial Park is another great area right on the river. Further up in the systems of the Brudenell and other eastern rivers are smaller streams and tributaries can be explored by trails, dirt roads, and off beaten paths that cut through old growth forests. These areas have some of the oldest and biggest trees on PEI and are home to many wildlife species. These small waterways are also perfect for seeing spawning fish in the fall and evidence of water loving species such as beavers and muskrat. Many historical areas and public trails are situated around the rivers and waterways in the east, making them easily accessible and very informative.
The Harvey Moore Wildlife Sanctuary – Located at Milltown Cross, this sanctuary also has a great trail system with sections of the Sturgeon River running through and two big duck ponds. The site offers a little bit of something for every nature lover. Trails wind through stands of mixed forest which are optimal habitat for a variety of birds, including eagles, and other wildlife. The streams have boardwalks to walk across and are perfect for spotting fish or just to sit and watch the water run by. The two ponds on the site are home to many migrating geese and other waterfowl. Beavers love this area. Dams and lodges can be seen on the ponds as you walk through the trails and if you're lucky you might see a beaver pop its head out of the water. Interpretive signs are located all along the trails and have information about the site, Harvey Moore himself, the vegetation growing, and the wildlife. It is a great place to bring a picnic and spend the afternoon exploring and relaxing by the ponds.
Knox's Dam – Knox's Dam is the closest thing we have to a waterfall in eastern PEI. It used to supply the Montague area with its electricity and is now a recreation and fishing area. The water that flows over the dam and fish ladder is powerful and beautiful. It makes for a great backdrop for photographers, painters, and nature lovers. There is also a trail known as Keith's Mill trail located on the opposite side of the road to the dam that follows the Montague River all the way to the Montague waterfront. Along this trail there are smaller tributaries that flow out into the river. This trail provides another peaceful and relaxing walk with the feeling of being totally immersed in nature when really, you are just minutes from the heart of Montague, known affectionately to Islanders as 'Montague the beautiful'.


Start your GLOBAL domain name search now.
A Global is the name of the game in the digital age. The Internet, mobile devices, and newer, smarter software has made it possible to run a global business from anywhere in the world, and the .GLOBAL domain extension is perfect for such an endeavor. .GLOBAL both creates an online network of businesses, organizations, and individuals striving to make the world marketplace easier to navigate, and provides a recognizable moniker signaling that your site operates on a global scale.


Define kid is a worldwide information of all pornstars and babes who have ever so been recorded for online someone industry. Here you mental faculty brainwave bio, pics galleries and video clips smug of a impartial amount of babes. This site is corroborated by the group who has a good deal natural event in adult sites development.
Daily renewal of caller selections professional and amateur photos of gay woman girls. Beautiful female body, braided into a ball of passion, maddening, not only men but also more women. fine-looking lesbians doing different obscenities in advanced of the camera, attract all fans of untraditional female love.


If you are interested in exploring new career opportunities and would like to make Society aware of your profile, then please fill out the following form, upload your CV, and then press submit. Mandatory fields are marked by an asterisk (*).
Please note that this information is only requested for the purpose of equal opportunities monitoring, and that it will only be used to this end.
Please note that if you provide a work email address, then you will be understood to be consenting to Society contacting you via that address. If you are not willing to receive emails from Society at your work email address then please provide a personal email address instead.
Please provide the total gross amount - ie. before taxation.


Hi, I'm Adam. I'm a design strategist dedicated to helping organizations and leaders build new businesses, capabilities, and competencies through human-centered design and design-led innovation. I'm deeply passionate about creating exceptional experiences that inspire positive change.
I started my career in a small industrial design studio sketching and 3D modeling concept directions for a range of products from ceramic tableware to headphones and Bluetooth speakers. My curiosity to understand how products fit into the larger context of the business led me to Fahrenheit 212 in New York where I was part in a multi-disciplinary team that married business rigor with consumer insight. At Fahrenheit 212, I developed and brought to life new products, brands, and services across all relevant touch points, be it print, packaging, digital, 3D models, and customer experiences.
After Fahrenheit 212, I joined Doblin Group in London, United Kingdom, a part of Deloitte Consulting where I was able to immerse myself into the world of design-led innovation. As Doblin's first hire after the Deloitte acquisition and the 3rd team member in London, I was brought in to help grow a multidisciplinary practice of researchers, designers, and strategists to expand the firm's global footprint across EMEA. I contributed to the growth and development of the practice by establishing business development collaborations inside Deloitte's c-suite network, provided thought leadership as well as innovation training to colleagues, and led various operational and recruitment functions as the team grew from 3 to 15.
As a Design Strategy Lead at Doblin, I led project and client teams through a human-centered design approach by moving from insight and opportunity to the development and implementation of viable new businesses that met real consumer needs. My work was fueled by the requirement to move from deep customer insight to prototyping and storytelling—iteratively testing and refining concepts to ensure feasibility, viability, and desirability. During my time at Doblin, I had the pleasure to be part of project teams that built a virtual bank for people at the base of the pyramid in Sub-Saharan Africa, helped an agriculture business in India support rural farmers, built a secondhand stroller business for millennial mums, and helped a CEO and his 35 senior executives of a global financial services firm develop the collective capabilities to lead through the digital age.
My work has led me all over the globe to the US, Europe, India, China, and Africa. These experiences have played a significant role in expanding my worldview and embedded a deep empathy, which serves as the foundation for meeting human needs and is the basis for designing solutions that are relevant to the end user. As a designer, I feel blessed to have the opportunity to create solutions that improve people's lives, helping them realize their hopes, dreams, and ambitions.
The video above about design research in Sub-Saharan Africa was produced while I was at Doblin in 2016.
After moving back stateside to New York, I joined the high growth mattress start-up Casper, to instill a human centered design capability across Digital, Environment, and Creative teams—helping the business grow the core, unlock new categories, and reinvent sleep. As the first Design Strategist in the New York office, I led the development of a range of digital, omnichannel, and experience propositions by moving from insight to implementation at a blazingly fast speed by deploying "design thinking" and "design strategy" methodologies across the business.
In 2017, I joined the prestigious consulting firm, McKinsey & Company. I help organizations across private, public, and social sectors harness design as a tool for leadership, performance, and innovation. Responsible for leading human-centered design to help clients surface new insight, create exceptional experiences, and drive organizational change.
Interested in collaborating? Feel free to get in touch!


text:
Mediation & ADR
Maritime & Admiralty
Malpractice & Professional Liability
Landlord & Tenant Litigation
Foreclosures & Workouts
Condominium & Homeowner Association Representation
Bankruptcy & Creditors Rights
8 Jul2013
Attorney Lea Holliday Puts Engineering Training to Good Use
Savannah Morning News – by Jan Skutch.
Savannah attorney Leamon "Lea" R. Holliday III left Georgia Tech with a degree in electrical engineering but never left the analytical mindset behind during his more than 40 years as a lawyer.
So when he expressed shock recently at being named the recipient of the Savannah Bar Association's Judge Frank S. Cheatham Jr. Professionalism Award, it was like Holliday — genuine.
"I didn't expect it at all," Holliday said.
Although others including his wife and law partners knew of the award, "Nobody told me and I'm so oblivious. It's kind of funny in a way."
That humility is key to understanding Holliday. It has been a hallmark of his legal career.
Also a hallmark has been the high regard in which his fellow attorneys hold him.
"He can disagree with you without being disagreeable," retired judge Ron Ginsberg, Holliday's law school roommate, told the lawyer group at the award ceremony.
The award is named for the late Cheatham whose career as a community leader, lawyer and longtime Chatham County Superior Court judge were marked by integrity, competence and fairness.
"This is the highest honor a lawyer in Savannah can receive," said attorney Patrick O'Connor, himself a former award winner.
Holliday is "an outstanding lawyer and a better person," O'Connor said. "He's one of the most highly respected lawyers in Savannah and has been for years.
"He cares about his profession and he cares about people and that's a good combination for a lawyer."
A 1963 graduate of Savannah High School, Holliday earned his undergraduate degree in 1967 from Georgia Tech. He graduated cum laude from the University of Georgia law school in 1970.
He joined the firm of Bouhan, Williams and Levy in January 1971 and helped it move into the Armstrong House adjacent to Forsyth Park, where he has practiced virtually his entire career.
That firm joined with the Inglesby, Falligant, Horne, Courington and Chisolm firm in January and remained in the same site. Holliday is now managing partner of the firm, the same position he held with the Bouhan firm but without the title.
There his clients have included Savannah Electric and Power Co. and its successor, Georgia Power; Union Camp and its successor, International Paper, among others.
He has represented the Savannah-Chatham school system since 1991.
Attorney James "Jim" Pannell, another Cheatham award winner, called Holliday "a bedrock" in the firms he has worked and is "one of those guys who can be trusted with anything."
"He represents his clients very well but at the end of the day in virtually every case the person or party respects him."
For Holliday, the profession fits his personality.
"The whole legal practice has changed significantly," Holliday, 67, said. "I think it is better because it is different. I like different things and different challenges.
"That's why the practice of law is a great thing. It is never static."
Firm News, Bouhan Falligant LLP
Attorney Client Relationship
Attorney Client RelationshipAviation LawBankruptcy & Creditors RightsBanks & Financial InstitutionsBusiness & Corporate LawCommercial LitigationCommercial Real EstateCondominium & Homeowner Association RepresentationConstruction LawEducation LawElder LawEmployment LawEstate PlanningFamily LawFirm NewsForeclosures & WorkoutsGeneralIntellectual Property & TechnologyLandlord & Tenant LitigationMalpractice & Professional LiabilityMaritime & AdmiraltyMediation & ADRNews & EventsPersonal InjuryPro BonoProducts LiabilityReal Estate LitigationResidential Real EstateResidential Real EstateTransportation & LogisticsWills & ProbateWorkers' Compensation
One West Park Avenue
© 2020 Bouhan Falligant LLP
A PaperStreet Web Design


Thanks to the MeCCSA PGN, Anglia Ruskin University was able to host a postgraduate conference under the theme of 'Participation' on April 13th. The department of Communication, Film and Media, in association with Anglia Ruskin's research institute ARCMedia, were happy to welcome participants from around the UK. Anglia Ruskin's own Dr Joss Hands as well as Dr Richard Rushton from the Lancaster Institute for Contemporary Arts presented their key-note speeches, whilst students from institutions in London, Norwich and Cambridge provided an insight into their research.
The day began with Dr Joss Hands' key-note on participation and the common. Joss focussed on possibilities of the total commonalisation of everything, which he identified in digital communications. These produce autonomous zones, Joss stated, creating possibilities for complete participation through affordances of deliberation and affect within the multitude that drives horizontalism.
The first student presentation of the day continued this topic. Agnes Trzak from Anglia Ruskin University talked about the possibilities of postmodern public spheres emerging through reappropriations of online communication methods to offline conceptions of action and participation. Her work, also tried to explore ways for the common to emerge. Following this, Philippa Law from Queen Mary University, presented her work on audience participation in Welsh media content. She talked about the willingness of Welsh speakers to participate in shaping the media landscape but pointed out that there is a gap between the represented and the actual use of Welsh, which poses an obstacle for audience participation. The third student speaker, Adrian Joseph, from London South Bank University, introduced innovative conceptions of participatory learning in the classroom. He showed how different technologies can be used to create a collaborative culture among pupils.
In the spirit of 'participation', this event tried to diverge slightly from the traditional Q&A format of academic conferences, so as to create a less mediated discussion between the speakers and other participants. These discussion sessions allowed for a more intimate, informal, and thus greatly productive dialogue to emerge between all attendees.
Following the first discussion session, we heard another set of three student speakers. Firstly Alex Annetts, from Anglia Ruskin University, introduced his research into masculine discourses surrounding Music Technology. He pointed out a gender gap in the Music Tech community, which is based on scientific knowledge and gear fetishism. Alex's talk was followed by Michelle Lewis-King's presentation of her 'Pulse Project'. As an artist studying at Anglia Ruskin's CoDE, Michelle linked her background in Chinese medicine with a critique of the Cartesian approach to Western medicine, through which she then created digital sound sculptures of individuals' pulses. Continuing the insights into the art world, Sebastian Laskowski from Goldsmiths, talked about interdisciplinary participation in art practice. Specifically, he introduced his own work in which he combines the traditional with the modern by creating work based on acoustic chamber pieces as well as electronic music.
These presentations founded the basis for the attendees to engage with one another and exchange constructive feedback. Although the topics were varied, all attendees felt welcome and able to participate in this interdisciplinary forum. Frequent coffee and lunch breaks also promoted an increased sense of participation and exchange between all attendees.
The afternoon's discussion circled around notions of participation and spectatorship. Designed in response to multiple recent publications about participatory art and media, these talks attempted to grapple with the place of the spectator and their relationship with a medium. A keynote presentation was delivered by Dr Richard Rushton, who considered ideas about widening participation as articulated through some Hollywood films. This provoked a great deal of discussion (far beyond the time available) on the interaction between minority and majority cultures, the implications of mainstream film commenting of marginal issues, and the broader ethical implications of speaking of, for, and about, 'the other'.
Following this exploration of film as a viewed medium, the proceeding round of postgraduate presentations contemplated the work of spectator herself. James Harvey-Davitt (Anglia Ruskin) continued the discussion of cinema, working with Jacques Rancière's writings on spectatorship and radical equality, in order to challenge the postmodern "death of the author". He argued instead for the cinema as a communitarian site: containing a more horizontal, less hostile relationship between spectator and filmmaker.
Stephanie Parsons (Anglia Ruskin) steered us towards the idea of media itself, as an agent of representation. Stephanie took a sociological perspective, in order to consider the place of the spectator in mediatised versions of suffering, while at the same time taking a critical position in regards to the social science's ability to understand the affects. Finally, Katrine Pram Nielsen (Goldsmiths) looked at commercial music streaming service, Spotify, and the logics involved in consumer interface. Katrine challenged both the critical view of multimedia technologies as constraining on the agency of the spectator, and the popular view of social networking aiding public participation.
A closing plenary discussion was preceded by a summary and response by Dr Sophie Hope, drawing upon the salient issues of the day in order to direct a final discussion. In these closing remarks, ideas were broached that continued the ongoing debates regarding authenticity of participation – including the ethics of methods by which individuals are integrated or represented, and the possibility of decidability in radically deliberative processes. This final issue seemed to summarise the day as a whole: thanks to the participants, what was initially intended as a subversive approach to the formalities of academic events, took its own shape altogether. The day ultimately developed into a richly engaging discursive space, where it seemed everyone went away with more questions than they came with, but were even more engaged, intrigued, and satisfied for it.


Hi to all You Balanced Moms….
My name is Linda Dobson, and I have been wearing your PLM shirts for a number of years now, and (might I add) receiving TONS of compliments everywhere I go…so of course I pass on the word! I'm seeking to balance my world this year by pacing myself alittle more with work and home. Like most working moms, we all strive to give 100% everywhere we are, and that's great, but I think I need to take the pace down a little bit and give my 100% with more focus and care…especially with my children! They are only small for such a short time, and I need to "stop and smell the roses" abit more. They are amazing creatures and make me laugh out loud every day, and I want to enjoy that so much more that I have been able to do in the past. There you have it…that is my wish for the year. Hope you like it! Thanks to all of you for your wonderful products, which I wear with pride, and which remind me to be thankful for the wonderful gifts I have in being a MOM!
Just wanted to let you guys know that "Customized Girl" is selling Peace Love Mom t-shirts against your trademark.
Don't feel bad, they are ripping off a lot of other websites and graphic designers. If they can't come up with any original work, they should just close up shop.


On April 21, 2018, the Institute for Contemporary Art (ICA) at Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) will open to the public. The ICA debuted with its inaugural exhibition, Declaration, an exploration of contemporary art's power to respond to pressing social issues through the voices of 34 emerging and established artists from Richmond and around the globe. The ICA is Richmond, VA's first art institution dedicated exclusively to exhibiting contemporary art and will be a significant cultural resource for Richmond and VCU, in direct dialogue with the VCU School of the Arts, the #1-ranked public school of art and design in the U.S.
concept shop radiate from the ICA's central forum and frame an outdoor garden. The "Thinking Field" garden will be used for social gatherings and public programs. The first floor also features a state-of-the-art, 240-seat auditorium for film screenings, performances, lectures, and other programs. The second floor includes two forking galleries and an adaptable "learning lab" for interactive engagement. It also includes a publicly accessible terrace, featuring one of four green roofs. The third floor features a gallery with soaring, 33-foot-high walls and houses one of the administrative suites and the boardroom. Additional staff offices are located in the building's lower level, which also includes a lobby for visitors, art storage and preparation facilities, a fabrication workshop, a green room, the catering kitchen, and general storage.


text:
Matthew Handley
George Farah
Cyrus Joubin
Deepa Isac
Malakee Makhoul
Rebecca Chang
Rachel Nadas
Commodity Manipulation
Exploited Workers Abroad
Law360: Facebook Hit With Age, Gender Bias Suit Over Financial Ads
By Lauren Berg
Facebook's practice of allowing targeted advertising by age and gender systematically discriminates against women and older people by excluding them from some ads for financial services like mortgages, investment opportunities and consulting services, a user alleged in a proposed class action in California federal court on Thursday.
Neuhtah Opiotennione, 54, is interested in receiving information and advertising about financial services in Facebook ads, according to her complaint, but she alleges that she and other women, along with older people of any gender, have been denied the opportunity to learn about financial services because of the social media giant's discriminatory advertising and business practices.
Facebook requires users to disclose their age and gender before they can use the social media site but then uses that information to segregate and classify users to target them with advertisements, according to the lawsuit. Opiotennione alleges Facebook has encouraged financial services providers and other advertisers to use age and gender as a basis for targeting ads, excluding users from seeing ads on the basis of those protected categories.
"Due to Facebook's discriminatory practices, millions of older and female Facebook users have been denied the opportunity to receive valuable advertisements about financial services opportunities that advertisers sent to younger persons and men, and to pursue those financial services opportunities within and outside of Facebook," Opiotennione said.
Facebook has known for at least three years that its discriminatory advertising and business practices for financial services opportunities classify and segregate users based on protected characteristics and deny them equal treatment, the lawsuit alleges.
Opiotennione concedes that in September, Facebook took "took meaningful steps" to stop advertisers from placing ads for credit-related opportunities that discriminated against users based on age or gender. But, she said, Facebook has continued to deny equal opportunity to older people and women regarding financial services, aside from credit opportunities.
"There is no lawful or legitimate basis to exclude older persons or women from receiving the full and equal accommodations, advantages, facilities, and services of Facebook and the financial services companies that advertise financial services opportunities via Facebook," the lawsuit states.
Opiotennione alleges that every time Facebook intentionally excluded an older person or a woman from receiving information about financial services opportunities on Facebook based on age or gender, Facebook violated California's Unruh Civil Rights Act, which outlaws discrimination based on race, gender, religion, age, disability, medical condition or sexual orientation.
Opiotennione is seeking an order to permanently stop Facebook from violating the Unruh Act and to require Facebook to pay Opiotennione and putative class members any disgorgement of its profits from its unlawful or unfair business practices, as well as punitive damages.
Opiotennione's attorney, Peter Romer-Friedman of Outten & Golden LLP, told Law360 on Thursday that they want Facebook to recognize that there are important types of economic opportunities that are being advertised in a discriminatory way. Even though Facebook has made some changes to stop discrimination in credit-related ads, it still has a way to go on the broader spectrum of financial services ads.
"It's important that Facebook elimination discriminatory ad targeting categories, like age and gender, for financial services," Romer-Friedman said. "Facebook can simply apply the same standards it has already adopted and we think it can be done almost overnight."
"Facebook's response to this issue will test its response to civil rights," he added.
A representative for Facebook did not immediately respond to a request for comment.
This isn't the first time Facebook has been accused of discrimination in its targeted advertising.
In March 2018, a group of housing advocacy organizations filed suit in New York federal court, accusing Facebook of letting advertisers exclude people from seeing listings for homes to buy and rent and violating the Fair Housing Act by permitting sellers to discriminate against protected groups based on family status, gender and other attributes.
In June 2018, Facebook asked the judge to send the advocacy groups' case to California, arguing that the plaintiffs had agreed to resolve claims in the Golden State and that a substantially similar suit is already pending there.
Then in August 2018, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development stepped into the battle to hit Facebook with an administrative complaint accusing the social media giant of using discriminatory advertising practices to target home buyers.
In September 2018, job seekers claimed in U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission charges that Facebook discriminates against millions of women and gender nonbinary people by letting companies target job ads on the platform toward men.
In March, Facebook settled the lawsuits alleging it enabled advertisers to illegally exclude certain users from seeing their job, housing and credit ads by agreeing to overhaul its platform to limit those ads from being targeted toward cherry-picked users in a discriminatory way.
Amazon, T-Mobile and hundreds of other companies were hit with a massive class action lawsuit by the Communications Workers of America in December 2017, accusing them of discriminating against older workers by limiting the audience for their Facebook advertisements to only reach younger users.
Amazon has repeatedly tried to escape the suit – first in July 2018, when it said the CWA lacked standing to sue and left out key points required to pursue age bias claims, and again in October 2018, when it argued it never impaired workers from learning about or applying for employment.
Opiotennione is represented by Jahan C. Sagafi, Adam T. Klein, Michael Litrownik, Peter Romer-Friedman and Pooja Shethji of Outten & Golden LLP, Jason R. Flanders of Aqua Terra Aeris Law Group, Matthew K. Handley and Rachel Nadas of Handley Farah & Anderson PLLC, and William Most.
Counsel information for Facebook was not immediately available.
About Handley Farah & Anderson
We are lawyers who seek to improve the world. We fight for: workers deprived of wages, consumers deceived about products, tenants denied access to housing, farmers mistreated by processors, parents deprived of adequate parental leave, investors who were defrauded, small businesses harmed by antitrust violations, persons with disabilities denied access, whistleblowers who uncover fraud, and women and communities of color subject to discrimination.
777 6th Street NW
Built by Experience Solutions


MANGA.TOKYO > Anime Information > Spring 2018 > Aikatsu Friends!
Aine Yuki is attending the Star Harmony Academy's general course and is good at making new friends. She becomes friends with top idol Mio Minato and they appear on the 'Aikatsu' stage together?!
Waiting for Aine and Mio are busy days with unique idols such as Maika Chono and Ema Hinata, work in the entertainment world and their school life. Their dream is to become the brilliant top idols- 'Diamond Friends'!. Karen Kamishiro and Mirai Asuka's dresses do indeed shine like diamonds! As the group's numbers increases so does the drama too! Dress up with Aikatsu! Cards! Fans are 'Friends'. Cards are 'friends'. With many friends come many dreams!!
Aikatsu derives from Aidoru Katsudou (Idol Activity) and is a story about girls aiming to become idols while putting a lot of effort and friendship into their aikatsu. It is originally an arcade collectible card game in Bandai's Data Carddass line. Players collect cards, which help their idols to pass auditions, by dressing up. The first anime adaptation came out in October 2012. The manga series is being serialized in Shogakukan's magazine Ciao. Four Nintendo 3DS games, light novels, three movies and other video games have been published so far.


text:
Bernadetta Soubirous (właśc. fr. Bernarde-Marie Soubirous lub Maria Bernada Sobirós; ur. 7 stycznia 1844 w Lourdes, zm. 16 kwietnia 1879 jako siostra zakonna Zgromadzenia Sióstr Miłości w Nevers (fr. Soeurs de la Charité et de l'Instruction Chrétienne de Nevers)) – francuska święta Kościoła katolickiego oraz wizjonerka.

Życiorys

Bernadeta była najstarszą córką z dziewięciorga dzieci ubogiego młynarza Franciszka Soubirous i Luizy Casterot. Od dzieciństwa była słabego zdrowia i często chorowała. Mając 11 lat przeżyła epidemię cholery. Zachorowała wtedy na astmę i gruźlicę. W wieku 14 lat, w 1858 – osiemnastokrotnie ujrzała Matkę Bożą w grocie Massabielle w Lourdes.

Cel objawień został ukazany przez samą Maryję, gdy przedstawiła się Bernadecie w miejscowej odmianie dialektu gaskońskiego języka oksytańskiego: Que soy era Immaculada Councepciou – "Jestem Niepokalane Poczęcie". Było to cztery lata po uroczystym ogłoszeniu przez papieża Piusa IX dogmatu o zachowaniu Matki Chrystusa od zmazy grzechu pierworodnego. Matka Boża miała poprosić Bernadetę, by odgarnęła nieco ziemi pod skałą i odkryła źródło, które zaczęło wypływać coraz obficiej. Źródło to istnieje do dziś i jest celem pielgrzymek milionów chorych, z których wielu daje świadectwo duchowego i fizycznego uzdrowienia po kąpieli w nim. Maryja poleciła też, by dziewczyna modliła się na różańcu.

Bernadeta była chorowitym dzieckiem; przez większość życia cierpiała na astmę. Przez sobie współczesnych była uważana za osobę naiwną i prostoduszną, a pomimo surowych przesłuchań, zarówno przez oficjeli Kościoła katolickiego, jak i rządu francuskiego, konsekwentnie obstawała przy swojej historii.

W 1866 roku wstąpiła do klasztoru Nôtre Dame de Nevers, unikając w ten sposób powszechnego zainteresowania, jakie budziła z powodu otrzymanych objawień. Spędziła w Nevers resztę swojego życia. Zmarła w wieku 35 lat na gruźlicę.  Jakub Micyk Micor cycy glancy.

Beatyfikacja i kanonizacja

W czasie procesu kanonizacyjnego w 1919 roku stwierdzono, że ciało Bernadety mimo upływu czasu pozostało nienaruszone.

W 1925 papież Pius XI, w obecności ostatniego z jej braci, ogłosił Bernadetę-Marię błogosławioną, a w roku 1933 tenże papież zaliczył ją uroczyście w poczet świętych.

Relikwie

Doktor Thérèse Valot opierając się na raporcie dwóch lekarzy, którzy badali jej ciało i trumnę, stwierdziła, że Bernadetę mumifikowano: "[…] Mumifikację ciała Bernadetty wspomagały środki chemiczne – węgiel drzewny i sole". Po ekshumacji okazało się, że jej ciało nie uległo rozkładowi. W 1925 roku okazało się jednak, że twarz i dłonie (jedyne obecnie widoczne części ciała) uległy częściowemu rozkładowi i sczernieniu. Wtedy to wykonano woskową maskę twarzy na podstawie zachowanych zdjęć, oraz odlew ręki, które są eksponowane zwiedzającym. Dokładniejsze badania wykazały, że świadcząca o rozkładzie pleśń wyrosła jedynie powierzchniowo na zanieczyszczonej poprzednią ekshumacją skórze. Wciąż nienaruszone rozkładem ciało zostało przeniesione do relikwiarza w kaplicy kościoła klasztoru w Nevers, gdzie jest dostępne dla zwiedzających.

W kulturze masowej
Życie Bernadety Soubirous stało się kanwą powieści Franza Werfla Pieśń o Bernadecie, która została zekranizowana.

Pieśni kościelne
Postać Bernadetty oraz doznanych przez nią objawień jest przywoływana w pieśni maryjnej Po górach, dolinach.

Kinematografia
 Pieśń o Bernadette – amerykański film z 1943 roku (wyk. Jennifer Jones)
 Bernadette – francusko-szwajcarsko-luksemburski film z 1988 roku (wyk. Sydney Penny)
 La Passion de Bernadette – francuski film z 1989 roku (wyk. Sydney Penny)
 Bernadeta – księżniczka z Lourdes – amerykański film animowany z 1990 roku
 Św. Bernadeta z Lourdes – francusko-włosko-luksemburski film telewizyjny z 2000 roku (wyk. Angéle Osinsky)
 Bernadetta. Cud w Lourdes – francuski film z 2011 roku (wyk. Katia Miran)

Zobacz też
 kult świętych
 modlitwa za wstawiennictwem świętego

Przypisy

Bibliografia

 Św. Bernadeta Soubirous – pogodna i odważna na DEON.pl (SJ i Wydawnictwo WAM)

Linki zewnętrzne
 Maria Di Lorenzo Santa Bernardetta Soubirous

Tercjarki franciszkańskie (biografie)
Bernadeta
Urodzeni w 1844
Zmarli w 1879
Bernadeta Soubirous
Bernadeta Soubirous
Wizjonerzy chrześcijańscy
Zmarli na gruźlicę
Ludzie urodzeni w Lourdes


I got both of these shirts from a hand-me-down bag from my mom, I wore them together to proctor the SATs & when my mom saw them together she was like "I never thought to put those two together!"
After the SATs, drinks at the Belmar Fishing Club were in order!
Totally hooked! Check it out!
This One Time At Blog CAMP: TxSc Day 2!
This One Time At Blog CAMP: TxSc Day 1!
Easiest Outfit- perfect for Mondays!
Sunday Shopping: Contraband for Camp!
Wear it Wed, anchors away in Belmar, NJ!
houndstooth + velvet = yes please!
Updating the shop "On a Tuesday"
Time for the snow banks to melt... anchors away!
ski print & snow day!
Pray Pray for a Snow Day!
"you know people wear boots in this weather"
ideal Mani Monday & a shopping trip!
Sunday Shopping & Weekend Adventures!


text:
Marisa McWilliams
marisa.mcwilliams@fcb.com
FCB Health Network's Solve(d) Welcomes New Media Talent
Press Release - New York, 15 May 2019
Stacey Deziel and Benjamin Assor bolster group's consumer media strategy offering
FCB Health Network President and CEO Dana Maiman announced today that Stacey Deziel has joined Solve(d), FCB Health Network's data science, marketing analytics and media offering. Deziel will be overseeing HCP and DTC media strategy, planning and activation as executive vice president, media planning and activation. Benjamin Assor has also joined Solve(d) as director, media activation and will report into Deziel. The new team will infuse a consumer media perspective into the creative process by providing and consulting on media strategy, ultimately driving cross-channel communication within DTC and HCP media. The HCP team at Solve(d), which currently manages more than $100 million in billings, will also report to Deziel.
"Stacey and Ben bring to us their extremely impressive track records in big-brand, multidisciplinary planning, further demonstrating our commitment to harnessing the power of data and ultimately augmenting the Solve(d) team's consumer and HCP media strategy offering," said Maiman.
Deziel began working at FCB in 1994 and built both the direct marketing and digital media practices during her 14-year tenure. She returns to FCB from Dentsu Aegis Network (DAN), where she spent the last three years overseeing digital activation. Five years prior to DAN, she ran Mastercard integrated media and Pfizer digital media within Carat. Before joining Carat, Stacey served as managing director at MEC, where she oversaw three divisions of AT&T. Her previous pharma experience includes Pfizer, Merck, Alcon, GSK and BMS.
"I am delighted to return home to FCB after an 11-year absence. My new role sits squarely at the nexus of healthcare marketing at the world's preeminent healthcare agency," Deziel said. "Powered by the backbone data fueling business intelligence and robust measurement, we comprehensively bring nuanced DTC and HCP communications to life. There is a strong client desire to break down legacy silos between media and creative. By reintegrating consumer media, FCB Health Network is at the forefront of providing the full spectrum of services to clients."
Assor joins Solve(d) after spending nearly his entire career within IPG Mediabrands' agencies Universal McCann on Johnson & Johnson and Healix Global, leading media strategy across their client portfolio including AstraZeneca and Teva. Assor rejoined the IPG family after a brief engagement at W2O as managing director.
"My position within Solve(d) allows me to work with the phenomenal assets of IPG within healthcare, a category I've grown up in. I'm thrilled to be working within the iconic and respected FCB Health Network. Building upon its HCP media expertise and incorporating DTC media will really align overall marketing efforts to the benefit of our clients' brands," said Assor.
Solve(d) enables more seamless connectivity between data used for planning, execution and measurement. This results in improved communications effectiveness and delivered impact and efficiencies. Its diverse team of data visualizers, analysts and media specialists offer project, consulting and AOR services including marketing analytics, predictive modeling, media strategy, planning and buying, CRM strategy, data visualization, multidimensional segmentation, KOL/influencer identification mapping and more. For more information on Solve(d), visit https://www.solved.health/.
##ENDS##
About FCB Health Network
FCB Health Network is one of the world's most awarded communications networks, focused on creating game-changing marketing solutions for consumers, patients and healthcare professionals. With specialized units covering a wide range of wellness practices, FCB Health Network employs more than 1,800 people across an extensive global network, delivering multichannel capabilities that include DTC and HCP communications, professional education, branding, scientific services, strategic planning and media services. Its integrated agency offering includes Area 23, AREA 23 ON HUDSON, BX – Brand Experience Design Group, FCB Health Amsterdam, FCB Health Brasil, FCB Health Canada, FCB Health Frankfurt, FCB Health Hampshire, FCB Health London, FCB Health New York, FCB Health Zurich, FCBCure, FCBVIO, Mosaic Group, Neon, ProHealth, Solve(d), Studio Rx, Studio Rx Productions and Trio. The FCB Health Network was named "Agency of the Year" by Med Ad Newsin 2006, 2009, 2015 and 2017, and by Medical Marketing & Mediain 2007, 2010, 2015 and 2017. In eight of the past nine years, an FCB Health Network company has received "Most Creative Agency" honors. Cannes Lions, the world's preeminent annual creative awards festival, named its Area 23 unit "Healthcare Agency of the Year" in 2017, and named FCB Health Network "Healthcare Network of the Year" in 2018. In 2019, Med Ad Newsnamed FCB Health Network "Network of the Year."


The post could be subtitled 'From Insight to Experience (or Challenge)'. After sharing last week's insight (http://cindyreinhardt.com/blog/healthy-thinking) about energy wasted and the health impacts of a particular habit of my mind, I challenged myself to laugh each time I noticed I was engaging in the habit. For a few days, I laughed a lot!
Then, slowly, subtly something began to shift. My attention was much more focused on what was in front of me. My thoughts were clearer, my awareness seemed sharper, and I experienced a lessening of the physical symptoms I've been addressing. I was beginning to end a habit of thought that didn't serve me. Or, was everything just calm with no external events to catalyze my habitual reaction? Several days of snow, rain, and cold blessed me with the opportunity to read, rest, snuggle in by the fire (and Cool Hand Luke, of course), and to disconnect from the world. Nice!
Soon, the sun came out and I plugged back in. My inbox revealed an email that is just the sort of stimulus to trigger that old reactive habit. Step One: fire off a quick, snarky response. Step Two: play the endless feedback loop of 'how dare you' to keep myself riled up and ready to battle.
But this day I stopped. I made different choices. Yes, I was disturbed by the other person's action. No, I would not engage in my old habits. I would stop. I would restrain from letting my fingers fly across the keyboard in reaction. I would not allow the situation to take over my thoughts unless and until I could think about it clearly and with the intent to resolve.
This approach did not require that I ignore or avoid the situation. Indeed it created the spaciousness to allow it to unfold, to discover others who shared my view, and to engage in positive conversation about moving forward with them. When not engaged in that way or in my own personal review, I was able to invoke the discipline to set the issue aside and to be mindful that restraint was/is a choice.
Within a couple days, a way forward emerged through the actions of the person who sent the original email. Others had expressed their concern in their ways, powerfully, gracefully, and with clarity. The way is being shown.
Restraint is a muscle for me to develop further. In these intense times where there seems so little, perhaps restraint is a gift for us to all develop in our ways at our pace. So much learning; so many gifts!
Thank you 'Restraint' for ease, grace, peace, possibility, growth, and personal satisfaction (just to name a few!).


text:
Promoting Glastonbury's strong participatory democracy!
category: Article, Information Comments Off on Promoting Glastonbury's strong participatory democracy!
When first elected in 2011, Glastonbury's 'Green Four' championed the creation of a new Town Council advisory committee dedicated to developing an integrated tourism and pilgrimage strategy to promote Glastonbury as cultural and spiritual centre of worldwide significance importance in the 21st Century.
As a result, 'Promoting Glastonbury' was convened as a forum for dialogue between councillors and the various stakeholders including our visitor attractions, independent shops and high street traders, tour guides, and the Tourist Information and Pilgrim Reception Centres.
A key development from Promoting Glastonbury was the town's involvement with the EU's Enterprise and Industry Directorate General's new pan-European spiritual and cultural tourism route based on the legend of the Holy Grail: The Grail Project.
Green Cllrs Jon Cousins (left) and Denise Michell (right) meet with the Grail Project's Sharon Cooper and Professor Paul Fidgeon at the University of West London.
Following the election in 2015, a stronger Green representation on the council reinvigorated the Promoting Glastonbury into a fully-fledged committee of Glastonbury Town Council, and reviewed its aims, objectives, and terms of reference.
As part of this review, a non-councillor member of the committee – Paul Lund – was appointed to the role of Deputy Chair; an unheard of departure from convention; demonstrating the Green's commitment to their election manifesto to "foster strong participatory democracy", within the council.
Wishing to increase non-councillor involvement, Cllr Jon Cousins researched the potential for unelected members of a committee to vote; discovering that – by virtue of the obscure Article 3 of the Parish and Community Councils (Committees) Regulations 1990* – non-councillor members of committees do have voting rights in respect of any function under s.144 of the 1972 Act relating to "the promotion of tourism"!
On Monday 23rd May 2016, history was made in Glastonbury's Council Chamber when the first non-councillor Chair of a committee – Morgana West – was elected! Non-councillor Paul Lund was duly re-elected as Deputy Chair... This was followed by the first ever non-councillor proposal of a resolution; seconded by another non-councillor, and voted on by all the members of the Promoting Glastonbury Committee – elected and non-councillor members together!
* Section 102(3) of the Local Government Act 1972 provides that a local council can appoint persons who are not its members to committees and sub-committees (including joint committees and sub-committees). By virtue of s.13 of the Local Government and Housing Act 1989, non-councillor members of committees and sub committees do not have voting rights except in respect of certain council functions. By virtue of Article 3 of the Parish and Community Councils (Committees) Regulations 1990 (SI 1990/2476), non-councillor members of committees have voting rights in respect of any function under s.144 of the 1972 Act relating to the promotion of tourism.
Tags: Denise Michell, Glastonbury, Glastonbury and Street Green Party, Green Party, Holy Grail, Jon Cousins, Paul Lund, Promoting Glastonbury, Promoting Glastonbury Committee, strong participatory democracy, The Grail Project