text:
11 St Laurence Way
WebsiteA wireframe globe www.habitatforhumanity.org.uk
PhoneA smartphone +44 1753313539
Capital city – London
Population – 67.8 million
Life expectancy – 80 years
Unemployment rate – 3.8%
GDP per capita – 40,391 USD
Habitat Facts
Established – 1995
Individuals served in FY2019 – 5
Volunteers mobilized in FY2019 – 376
Funds raised – £1.6 million
Habitat for Humanity in Great Britain
Habitat for Humanity Great Britain was founded in January 1995 as a fundraising office to raise money and awareness for the global work of Habitat for Humanity International.
Our vision is a world where everyone has a decent place to live. We seek a world where housing poverty is eliminated.
We believe that the home is a key catalyst in helping to permanently break the cycle of poverty. To achieve this, we build homes, partnerships, communities and networks.
In addition to homes, we emphasize disaster response; water, sanitation and hygiene, or WASH; and empowerment of women.
Habitat Great Britain's focus
Building homes
We build affordable, social housing to tackle urban poverty from slums to rural areas. Upgrading slums is one of our core activities in developing countries where ever-expanding informal settlements is an issue.
We work with the most vulnerable families to provide safe and decent housing. Affordable housing is key so we offer energy efficiency program, such as renovating apartment blocks in Europe, bringing safe cooking stoves to new homes in Bangladesh, and implementing solar powered heating and electricity.
Tackling housing poverty in GB
In Great Britain, we build and renovate properties to help alleviate housing poverty. We provide project management and construction expertise to ensure that vulnerable people living in the UK have a safe and decent place to call home.
Our disaster relief work takes us across the world to support the communities worst hit by natural disasters. War, conflict and civil unrest also create millions of refugees, whom we often work with to rehabilitate homes and communities.
Our "WASH" programs aim to:
Build latrines and water supply systems.
Dig and cover sewage systems.
Create waste management systems.
Educate people about basic hygiene.
Habitat Great Britain believes in empowering women in the communities where we work. This is done in many ways, such as helping women to secure land rights, addressing women's rights and landownership in slums, and helping women thrive by participating in female-only home construction events.
Please click here to donate to Habitat for Humanity GB
Join one of the scheduled Global Village trips overseas here. Alternatively you can fundraise for us. Click here to see our fundraising ideas page.
Jemma Reid Tessa Kelly
Global Volunteering Executive Head of Income Generation
Great Britain Country Profile - PDF
Building sustainable communities: a new documentary series
In October 2018, a small team from Habitat for Humanity Great Britain - embarked on a unique journey to capture the lives, struggles and hopes of communities at risk of eviction as part of a new web documentary series on urban poverty.
Go to archive
About 70% of housing units in Ethiopia require total replacement; only 30% is in fair condition. Most houses are made of wood and mud, have cracked walls, leaking roofs and dirt floors. About 80% of Addis Ababa is considered slum areas, characterized by widespread sanitation challenges. Families live in crowded rooms and are exposed to health and safety risks.
In Malawi, poverty is prevalent and about four out of five families live in substandard homes with little hope of ever being able to afford a decent house. A typical village hut is built of mud bricks with a dirt floor and grass-thatched roof, which requires frequent repairs. These conditions put the families at high risk of all kinds of diseases with leaky roofs making the house damp and mud floors attracting insects. There are about 1.5 million orphans and vulnerable children in Malawi out of a population of 18.57 million and approximately 21,000 new units are needed every year for the next 10 years to meet housing demand – this far exceeds supply.
Lesotho is one of the least developed countries in the world with 57.1% of the population living below the poverty line. The rate of HIV and AIDS in adults is estimated at 25.6%, which triggers rapidly increasing numbers of orphans and other vulnerable children. More than 27% of children under 18 are orphans.


Suprised no one has mentioned this George Cole classic, excellent performance from the great man. Goats and monkeys !
I missed this show first time around and remember at the time that my father watched it religiously and always said it was good. A few years ago out of interest, I bought the Central VHS boxset and sat down to watch it.
I have to say, I was quite disappointed with it, I didn't find it particularly funny and was dropping off - there seemed to be no real direction apart from Henry Root showing himself up as the most non-EU person one could ever meet.
Perhaps it hasn't aged very well, as 1992 was the big talking point at the time and this has now passed the themes in the show aren't as current as they were then. Either way, I was disappointed with it and turned off after they got to Brussels out of sheer lack of interest in the programme. I am sure at the time, watching 1 week to the next it must have been better though. Perhaps am I might find myself on my own by not adopting this series as a classic.
Would be nice to hear others' opinions though!
Sorry admin, I have to disagree. I loved 'Root into Europe', both the TV programme and the book; 'The Henry Root Letters'.
As a commited Euro-sceptic it really struck a cord with me, even though it was actually satirising the euro-sceptic. I think George puts in his usual high performance and Pat Heywood as Mrs Root was excellent.
It was a very original, ambitious and well executed series, with a great script and wonderful performances, strangely under-rated and forgotten today.
I'm surprised you didn't like it admin, as it's basically Arthur Daly abroad, with a bit of politics thrown in.
No, not sausages, Billy. Ears!"
I remember watching it on TV when it came out and I didn't like it, but to be fair I was only about 13 and although I liked Minder as did my friends at the time (they still do) probably for a 13 year old it may have been a little to political I have one episode on video i'll dig it out and give it a listen.
I haven't seen Root into Europe since it was first aired. As far as I can remember it was never repeated on ITV. I was only 15 at the time but I vividly remember enjoying the series. There were a few similarities with the Arthur Daley character, not least the somewhat 'patriotic' outlook and the Jaguar.
If my memory serves me correctly, Arthur, I mean Root, took a suitcase full of All Bran abroad with him. When my grandad went on holiday to France a year after Root was screened he also took his own cereal with him! He had never seen the show but at the time it caused a lot of amusement. Of course compared to Minder, Root probably wouldnt be that strong but I do have some fond memories of the show.
Whether I would rate the show if I saw it again is debatable, I tend to find I either enjoy programmes much more years after or much less - memories do not always seem that reliable and of course in my opinion the general standard of TV has plummeted (too much reality TV and I have to say I share Dennis Waterman's opinion of Little Britain and Eastenders!) so if anything, Minder gets better and better as the years go by.
When I watch contemporary dramas I often think mmm, how likely is it that I will be watching them on DVD over and over again in 15 years time! That's the great thing about Minder, I have seen all 107 several times but even after several viewings the show always brings a huge smile to my face.
several times but even after several viewings the show always brings a huge smile to my face.
Does anyone know where I can get a copy of this series. Very expensive to buy on Amazon and would love to gethold of a copy. I know it hasn't been released on DVD but am wondering if anyone has transferred it from tape successfuly and would be willing to make me a copy. I will of course be willing to pay for it.
Look forward to hearing from anyone that can help.
I've got to say I didn't think much to it. George Cole was as good as always but the programme didn't appeal to me.
George Cole stars as the notorious man of letters, Henry Root, in Central's new five part comedy drama series for ITV, Root Into Europe.
Starting on Sunday 17 May, Root Into Europe sees the much loved character from William Donaldson's best selling books, off on another harebrained scheme. The man who duped the establishment with letters outlining outrageous complaints and fanciful proposals, now invades Europe stopping off in France, Belgium, Spain, Italy, Germany and Holland.
But for eccentric Englishman and ex wet fish merchant Henry Root, this is no holiday. This is a mission!
Picture: "I think we're somewhere in Paris Mrs Root". Pat Heywood as Mrs Root and George Cole as Henry Root.
I watched this again recently. The locations and GC are a treat as always and there is a bit of banter between Mr & Mrs Root, but unfortunately I still stick to my original 2005 post above - laughs are very few and far between if at all. To even try and pass this off as a 'comedy', is stretching the definition of the term for me.
It simply portrays an inept, super proud flag waving Englishman with zero knowledge of anything foreign at all, travelling around Europe embarrassing himself at each stage to the point of cringeworthy.
GC plays the character to perfection but sadly I just didn't find it funny at all. For me it just highlighted how little some people know about their foreign neighbours and did so over too long a production. The joke here is Henry Root himself, but to repeatedly highlight this over several episodes is simply flogging a dead horse (which ok, might be funny to begin with, but the record needs changing).
A colleague of mine told me he thought 'The Henry Root letters' on which this was based mildly humorous but I have not read that. I have a feeling this might have worked better in a book than on film. 'Root in Europe' is a cringeworthy boring mockumentary for me, that does nothing backfire on the main character.
I have never watched any of this and was always slightly suspicious of it. I thought the original Henry Root letters were hilarious, and still do, but I could not see how that idea could be transferred to a series like this. The basic premise of the letters was that they were so obviously a wind up by someone who wrote to celebrities/political figures saying the most outrageous things which, in most cases, they responded to taking the letters at face value. To try and create a film character out of the letter writer always struck me as a step way beyond belief, and possibly the work of someone who didn't really understand the letters in the first place. I suppose each person would find the letters either funny or totally unfunny, it is the sort of stuff that depends on the individual. But to me they were a way of puncturing the pomposity of a lot of public figures who were very slow to realise they were being sent up. You couldn't do that today because communication has changed so much, celebrities are more insulated from the public and the availability of google means no one would respond before checking if there really was a wet fish salesman called Henry Root.
Great promotional shot of GC with tash.
I'm with gustav on this. I liked the books but didn't reckon much to the series. Nothing wrong with George Cole's performance - I just felt the humour didn't translate to the screen very well.
I think this is a cult classic. Probably because of the early 90s setting, the locations and the wonderful performance by George Cole (and Pat Heywood as his wife).
I especially liked the bit in the German bath house. Also George Cole and Cicciolina appear on screen together!
The Henry Root character is a bit far fetched, but it is a satire and the series is slightly surreal. It reminds me a bit of John Shuttleworth 500 Bus Stops. I have not read the books but they sound quite good. The author was a bit eccentric, so I have read.
Around this time there were many comedies which mentioned the introduction of the single market in 1992 - including the rebooted Minder.


Pemba Beach's magnificent Santuary Spa adjoins Clube Naval on a site that seems to hover magically above the Indian Ocean. Occupying more than 500 square meters of sumptuous space, the spa's hot and cold treatment rooms, steam rooms, saunas and showers are designed to merge indoor and outdoor pampering against a backdrop of the shimmering Quirimbas ocean. An array of treatments, from Swedish massages, to milk baths, body brushes, body wraps and facials are designed to restore even the most jaded city soul.
The Sanctuary Spa Group, renowned for its 5-star operations in South Africa, has fine-tuned its offering here to reflect Pemba's Arabic and African influences. Three full time therapists are on hand to pamper you with frangipani extracts from Elemis, or indigenous fynbos from Moya, "the African antidote to modern living". Exploiting the powers of Cape Fynbos, Moya blends Chamomile, Geranium, Snowbush, Lanyana and Buchu into a heady range of treatments designed to impart African energy, goodness and vitality. Cosseted by such pampering, you may sink into an idyllic realm of self-indulgence from which you may never return.
per person sharing per 7 nights/8 days. Excluding air fares, airport taxes and transfers.


text:
/* global QUnit, sinon */

sap.ui.define([
	"sap/ui/integration/util/SkeletonCard",
	"sap/ui/integration/util/ManifestResolver"
], function (
	SkeletonCard,
	ManifestResolver
) {
	"use strict";

	var oSampleManifest = {
		"manifest": {
			"sap.app": {
				"id": "manifestResolver.test.card",
				"type": "card"
			},
			"sap.card": {
				"type": "Object",
				"header": {
					"title": "Card"
				}
			}
		},
		"baseUrl": "/"
	};

	QUnit.module("Generic");

	QUnit.test("Can create a SkeletonCard", function (assert) {
		// Arrange
		var done = assert.async(),
			oCard = new SkeletonCard(oSampleManifest);

		oCard.attachEvent("_ready", function () {
			// Assert
			assert.ok(true, "Card was created.");

			// Clean up
			oCard.destroy();

			done();
		});

		// Act
		oCard.startManifestProcessing();
	});

	QUnit.test("Calls ManifestResolver", function (assert) {
		// Arrange
		var fnManifestResolverSpy = sinon.spy(ManifestResolver, "resolveCard"),
			oCard = new SkeletonCard(oSampleManifest);

		// Act
		oCard.resolveManifest();

		// Assert
		assert.ok(fnManifestResolverSpy.calledOnce, "ManifestResolver.resolveCard() was called.");

		// Clean up
		oCard.destroy();
	});
});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
IN PHOTOS: Police, BJMP, and AFP patrol interior barangays of Talisay City
CEBU CITY, Philippines — Personnel from the Philippine National Police (PNP), Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP), and the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) conducted a joint patrol in the interior barangays (villages) of Talisay…
Border checkpoints, police patrols to continue even under MGCQ
Alven Marie A. Timtim 07/10/2020
CEBU CITY, Philippines — Police will continue to conduct checkpoints and do patrols even as Cebu Province shifts to modified general community quarantine (MGCQ) on Friday, July 10, 2020. Police Colonel Roderick Mariano, director of Cebu Police…
Cebu City police chief urges barangay officials help monitor, patrol areas
CEBU CITY, Philippines — The cooperation of barangay officials in implementing strict monitoring in interior areas of their respective villages will be crucial in keeping residents inside their homes while the city is under enhanced community quarantine…
Talisay police, soldiers, jail guards' joint patrol nets 27 violators
CEBU CITY, Philippines — The joint patrol and recorrida of personnel from Talisay City Police together with the Armed Forces of the Philippines and the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology around the barangays in Talisay City,…
Mandaue cops continue patrols, to remind public to stay home
CEBU CITY, Philippines — The Mandaue City Police Office (MCPO) continue to conduct patrols around the barangays to inform the public to stay at home when they have no emergency purpose to go outside. According to Police…
3-day patrol leads to confiscation of loose firearms
Alven Marie A. Timtim, Paul Lauro 05/01/2020
CEBU CITY, Philippines — A three-day patrol by the City Mobile Force Company (CMFC) of the Cebu City Police Office (CCPO) in the mountain barangays of Cebu City led to the confiscation of least 16 loose firearms. Police…
More cops deployed to patrol city streets to maintain peace and order
Marc Eric Cosep, Nestle Semilla and Morexette Marie Erram, Rosalie Abatayo 12/30/2018
AS PEOPLE hit the markets for last-minute shopping of New Year goodies today, December 31, more law enforcers were fielded in Cebu City's busiest streets to secure the crowd. Last-minute travelers who plan to celebrate the New…
Suspected NPA rebels attack patrol base in Negros Occidental; soldier hurt
A soldier was hurt when suspected communist rebels fired at a patrol base in Negros Occidental on Tuesday. An undetermined number of armed men believed to be members of the New People's Army attacked Sitio Bugtong Kahoy…
Cops to patrol Ermita and Pasil in Cebu City for 24 hours
Nestle L. Semilla 10/30/2018
In the hope of getting rid of illegal activities, the Cebu City Police Office (CCPO) will deploy more policemen in areas that are heavily infested with drugs. Senior Supt. Royina Garma, director of CCPO, said their first…
PRO-7 gets new patrol cars
The Consul General of South Korea in Cebu donated 25 units of patrol cars to the Poice Regional Office in Central Visayas (PRO-7). Oh Sung Yong, the consul general, said that South Korea is determined to help…
Bicycle Patrol teams activated
Gerard Vincent Francisco USJ-R Intern 08/13/2018
POLICE visibility in Cebu City is expected to improve with the creation of Bike Patrol Teams. Thirty bicycles were donated to the Cebu City Police Office (CCPO) by Saturn Gaming Corporation, aimed at increasing police visibility and…
CCPO launches bike patrol to deter crimes at night
Do not be afraid if you see bicycle riding policemen roam city streets at night. These cops are tasked to go around the city including its subdivisions to deter the possible occurrence of crimes in these areas,…

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


THE contemporary pianist, Ludovico Einaudi, brings his latest tour of haunting music to The Clyde Auditorium in November.
CONTEMPORARY pianist, Ludovico Einaudi, will grace the stage of The Clyde Auditorium with his striking and emotional compositions.
Born in Turin and trained at the Conservatorio in Milan, composer-pianist Ludovico Einaudi's music has been described as minimalist, classical, ambient, contemporary and deeply touching; the welcome sound of stillness in a hectic world.
A former pupil of Luciano Berio, his hauntingly beautiful and evocative music has kept him among the best-selling and most requested recording artists, particularly in the UK and Italy. His output has included ballets, operas and soundtracks as well as his specifically-conceived piano albums.
Einaudi composed the scores for a number of films and trailers, including The Intouchables and I'm Still Here, the TV miniseries Doctor Zhivago. He has also released a number of solo albums of piano and orchestra, notably I Giorni in 2001, Nightbook in 2009, and In A Time Lapse in 2013. His latest pieces, collated in the album Elements, was released in October 2015.
He has quietly become one of the most successful musicians in the world. His instantly recognisable music tops the charts across Europe, and he was BAFTA-nominated for his score of This is England '86.
Ludovico Einaudi will perform at The Clyde Auditorium on November 23. Tickets are on sale now, and available to buy from the Ents 24 website.


The environmental geology minor is intended especially for natural science and social science concentrators who are planning on further study or employment in environmental fields.
A total of six courses are required.
A student taking this minor will have a broad grasp of geology and will be able to build upon it as a solid foundation for a major should his or her career plans change.


text:
Q: Ubuntu 14.04 LTS - what version of padre should I use? I am a new, not experienced user and just installed Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.
What version of padre should I use ? Any recommended sources ?

A: Install it from the repositories by
sudo apt-get install padre

It is version 1.00+dfsg-1 0

A: Simply use the 1.00 version present in the Trusty (Ubuntu 14.04) repository :
sudo apt-get install padre

Or install using Ubuntu Software center :

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: Hide empty rows in group-header in ag-grid How can i hide this group-header-row(red-box in picture). In this example i have one more hiden column, which has more sub-levels(childs). If they are are'nt shown, they stay as empty line, for this reason header has huge height in some tables. Idk how can i solve this problem. I didnt find in ag-grid api functions or somthing can help.
Image with example


text:
Q: Problem with keypressed when drawing a square I am trying to add a square to the canvas when a mouse key is pressed and i want it to remain on the canvas when the mouse key is released, but it disappears when is released the key. Can anybody help me, what am i doing wrong?
int squareSize = 6;
final float DIFF_SIZE = 1;
final int MIN_COLOUR = 1;
final int MAX_COLOUR = 10;
final float INIT_RED = 100, INIT_GREEN = 50, INIT_BLUE = 80;
final float FINAL_RED = 255, FINAL_GREEN = 200, FINAL_BLUE = 250;
final float MAX_SIZE = 40;
final float X_SPACING = 10;
final float Y_SPACING = 10;
float squareX, squareY;
void setup() {
    size(600, 600);
}

void draw() {
    squareX = mouseX - squareSize / 2;
    squareY = mouseY - squareSize / 2;
    background(255);

    drawRowsOfBlocks();

}

void drawOneBlock() {

    rect(squareX, squareY, squareSize, squareSize);
    for (int i = MIN_COLOUR; mousePressed && i <= MAX_COLOUR / 10; i++)

    {
        float redValue = INIT_RED + (i - MIN_COLOUR) / (MAX_COLOUR - MIN_COLOUR)(FINAL_RED - INIT_RED);
        float greenValue = INIT_GREEN + (i - MIN_COLOUR) / (MAX_COLOUR - MIN_COLOUR)(FINAL_GREEN - INIT_GREEN);
        float blueValue = INIT_BLUE + (i - MIN_COLOUR) / (MAX_COLOUR - MIN_COLOUR) * (FINAL_BLUE - INIT_BLUE);
        fill(redValue, greenValue, blueValue);
        rect(squareX, squareY, squareSize, squareSize);
        squareSize += DIFF_SIZE;
    }
    if (squareSize > MAX_SIZE) {
        squareSize = 6;
    }
}

void drawRowsOfBlocks() {
    drawOneBlock();

    for (int i = 1; keyPressed && i <= 2; i++) {
        drawOneBlock();

        float squareY2;
        squareY2 = squareY + squareSize + Y_SPACING;
        squareY = squareY2;
    }
}

A: Create a class which can handle a rectangle. The calls needs a method to draw the rectangle (Draw()) and a method to update the position and size of the rectangle (Update()):
final int DIFF_SIZE = 1;
final int MIN_SIZE = 6;
final int MAX_SIZE = 40;

final float INIT_RED = 100, INIT_GREEN = 50, INIT_BLUE = 80;
final float FINAL_RED = 255, FINAL_GREEN = 200, FINAL_BLUE = 250;

class Rectangle {

    int pos_x, pos_y, size;
    color col;

    Rectangle(int px, int py, int s, color c) {
        col = c;
        pos_x = px; pos_y = py;
        size = s;
    }

    void Update(int px, int py, int inc_size) {
        pos_x = px; pos_y = py;

        size += inc_size;
        if (size > MAX_SIZE)
            size = MIN_SIZE;

        float w = float(size - MIN_SIZE) / float(MAX_SIZE - MIN_SIZE);
        float redValue   = INIT_RED   + w * (FINAL_RED - INIT_RED);
        float greenValue = INIT_GREEN + w * (FINAL_GREEN - INIT_GREEN);
        float blueValue  = INIT_BLUE  + w * (FINAL_BLUE - INIT_BLUE);
        col = color(int(redValue), int(greenValue), int(blueValue));
    }

    void Draw() {
        fill(col);
        rect(pos_x-size/2, pos_y-size/2, size, size);
    }
}

Use ArrayList to store all the  drawn rectangles:
ArrayList<Rectangle> rectangles = new ArrayList<Rectangle>();

Add a global, boolean state (drawingRect) which indicates if the mouse button is currently pressed. Set the state and add new rectangle at the end of the list when the mousePressed() event occurs. rest the state when the  mouseReleased() event occurs
boolean drawingRect = false;

void mousePressed() {
    drawingRect = true;

    color col = color(int(INIT_RED), int(INIT_GREEN), int(INIT_BLUE));
    rectangles.add(new Rectangle(mouseX, mouseY, MIN_SIZE, col));
}

void mouseReleased() {
    drawingRect = false;
}

Use the method .Update(), to change the location and size of the last rectangle in the list as long as the state drawingRect indicates that a mouse button is pressed.
Continuously draw all te rectangles in a loop:
void setup() {
    size(600, 600);
}

void draw() {

    if (drawingRect && rectangles.size() > 0) {
        Rectangle lastRect = rectangles.get(rectangles.size()-1);
        lastRect.Update(mouseX, mouseY, DIFF_SIZE);
    }

    background(255);

    for (int i = 0; i < rectangles.size(); i++) {
        Rectangle rect = rectangles.get(i);
        rect.Draw();
    }
}


At Breda Strength & Conditioning we make people physically and mentally stronger, faster and fitter. Our methods are simple, not easy. With minimal means we yield maximum results. We value quality, technique, hard work and supporting each other. We will give our members the best training we can. Every time they are in the gym. It doesn't matter to us what your 100% is, but give us that 100% effort.


Meanwhile, the fissure that appeared under the site of the old mill grows wider each day. Desmond is running himself ragged trying to prevent the weakening of the barrier between realms. As such, he accidentally lets slip Seth's identity from a previous life, bringing about rift of a different sort. This one between the two agents of Order.
As winter approaches, it is no longer a question of if the Discordant will rise up and try to claim Blackbird, but rather how soon? Will the agents and mystics be able to put aside their own personal issues long enough to vanquish Chaos or will Order crumble? And perhaps the most pressing question of all: Is Big Royal Burger even open yet?
Donna sat up and blinked. She was no longer in her bed, or in her room, or in Blackbird, for that matter. The bright, sandy beach was nowhere she had been before. Reclining back on his elbows just a few feet away was her incubus. She was growing used to his lack of clothing and modesty, but still marveled at the fact that living within a dream made him impervious to things like sand being wedged into uncomfortable places.
She stomped down hard on that line of thinking and chastised her heart for the sudden flutter. What had gotten into her?
"Don't you?" he asked, stretching in a practiced way that was meant to seem effortless and draw her attention.
"Of course," he said with a wink.
At that, he gave a wistful sigh.
His words were like a bucket of ice water that stopped the fluttering and sent her waterlogged heart plummeting.
"I see," she said tersely and got up to walk along the edge of the surf, determined to get at least some pleasure out of the artificial paradise. She'd barely taken two steps before he appeared at her side.
"Okay, I can do that," he said, falling into step beside her. She did her best to ignore him, but it wasn't long before the combined silence and his unwavering gaze began to drive her mad.
"So, do you have a name?" Donna purposefully looked out over the setting sun and the beautiful fiery rainbow it made on the water's surface, determined to stay strong and not give in.
At the reminder of his nakedness, her head turned on instinct. Donna was sure she saw a smug smile ghost across his face.
"Really?" Donna snorted. Suddenly, her father's odd name made sense.
"Inky?" he asked, scrunching up his nose.
"But that doesn't even-" he began to protest, but Donna held up her hand.


Roland Bless, Christoph Werle: Network Virtualization from a Signaling Perspective, Proceedings of the International Workshop on the Network of the Future 2009, IEEE, Dresden, Germany, June 2009.
Roland Bless, Martin Röhricht: Secure Signaling in Next Generation Networks with NSIS, Next Generation Networking Symposium, IEEE, Dresden, Germany, June 2009.
J. Manner, R. Bless: What is Next Steps in Signaling anyway - A User's Guide to the NSIS Protocol Family, Internet-Draft (work in progress) draft-manner-nsis-user-guide-00, IETF, January 2008.
Roland Bless, Joachim Hillebrand, Christian Prehofer, Martina Zitterbart: A Quality-of-Service Signaling Architecture for Seamless Handover Support in Next Generation, IP-based Mobile Networks. Wireless Personal Communications, Springer, ISSN: 0929-6212 (Print) 1572-834X (Online), DOI: 10.1007/s11277-007-9260-9, Volume 43, No. 3, October 2007, pp. 817-835.
O. Waldhorst, R. Bless, C. Hübsch, S. Mies, et al., SpoVNet: An Architecture for Supporting Future Internet Applications, Proc. 7th Würzburg Workshop on IP: Joint EuroFGI and ITG Workshop on "Visions of Future Generation Networks", Würzburg, Germany, Jul 2007.
T. Gamer, M. Schöller, R. Bless, A Granularity-adaptive System for in-Network Attack Detection, Proceedings of the IEEE / IST Workshop on Monitoring, Attack Detection and Mitigation 2006, Diadem Firewall Project (FP6 IST-2002-002154), p. 47-50, Tuebingen, Germany, September 2006.
M. Schöller, T. Gamer, R. Bless, M. Zitterbart: An Extension to Packet Filtering of Programmable Networks (PS), Proceedings of IWAN 2005 (Seventh Annual International Working conference on Active and Programmable Networks), CICA, Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France, November 21-23, 2005.
Roland Bless, Joachim Hillebrand, Christian Prehofer, Martina Zitterbart: "Quality-of-Service Management for IP-based Mobile Networks", Proceedings of WCNC 2005, ISBN 0-7803-8967-0, New Orleans, 13.-17. March, 2005.
Roland Bless, Mark Doll: "Integration of the FreeBSD TCP/IP-stack Into the Discrete Event Simulator OMNeT++" (PDF)", Proceedings of the 2004 Winter Simulation Conference, pp. 1556--1561, ISBN 0-7803-8787-2, Washington D.C., December 5--8, 2004.
Roland Bless, Joachim Hillebrand, Christian Prehofer, Martina Zitterbart: "Quality-of-Service Signaling for Next Generation IP-based Mobile Networks" download , IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol.42, No.6, June 2004.
Christian Vogt (Ed.), Roland Bless, Mark Doll, Tobias Küfner: "Early Binding Updates for Mobile IPv6", Internet-Draft draft-vogt-mip6-early-binding-updates-00.txt, February 2004, work in progress.
Roland Bless, Xiaoming Fu, Robert Hancock, Seong-Ho Jeong, Cornelia Kappler, Sung-Hyuck Lee, Jukka Manner (Ed.), Paulo Mendes, Hannes Tschofenig: "Mobility and Internet Signaling Protocols", Internet-Draft draft-manyfolks-signaling-protocol-mobility-00.txt, January 2004, work in progress.
Roland Bless, Götz Lichtwald, Markus Schmidt, Martina Zitterbart: "Fast Scoped Rerouting for BGP" (PDF), Proceedings of ICON 2003 (11th IEEE International Conference on Networks), Sydney, Australia, 28.9.-1.10.2003, IEEE, ISBN 0-7803-7788-5, pp. 25-30, September 2003.


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Is sharing the gospel a prerequisite for Revival?
Today our host will examine the lives of those who sacrificed their lives to reach various people groups with the gospel of Jesus Christ. As a result of their boldness, revivals and conversions occured in multiple parts of the world.


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So TESO PS4 (and Xbox One) BETA started today, and with about an hour in, it seems promising. The beta seems pretty tight performance wise, graphics seem on par with pre-release screenshots and framerate is very solid. Don't recall any dips, though I haven't been in any enemy-heavy areas yet. I'll keep this post updated through the beta period. And I grabbed a couple direct-feed screenshots which can be seen below.
April 23, 2015 in Previews.


My personal information has to be encrypted at all times including during trasmission. The only acceptable time for it to be unencrypted is when its on my computer screen. I know that every company has the means to encrypt information. Do it.
Workers with access to my data should not be issued laptops. You will be chained to your desk at your office.
I'm sorry... but these workers can no longer work from home. 3 rotten apples ruined it for all of you.
All computers containing said information must be bolted down and locked to a concrete floor.
The concrete floor must be in a locked building on a secure campus in a secret location.
Would you like to know? Yes, my information was in with the other 327,999 current and former Boeing employees that are currently at an elevated risk for identity theft (Threat Level Fuscia?). Some thief has my social security number, my address, my phone number, and an assortment of other awesome and previously private information.
In other new, Adam's tonsils are huge... he has an appointment with an otorhinolaryngologists tomorrow at noon because Adam may have tonsilitis.
"Supposedly" the thief doesn't know what he/she has on hand, because Boeing didn't disclose the location. In any case I agree with you, no laptops, and no working from home. And there should be balls and chains and everything from those specialized stores on Broadway attached to that computer.
Aaahh...but you see...now the laptop was RECOVERED! ...and it seems there WAS no personally identifiable information after all.
As a federal employee working in computer security, I agree with your recommendations, and in fact the federal government recently passed regulation that mandates pretty much those same things for PII (Personally Identifiable Information): OMB Memorandum 06-16 (pdf file) — corporations should also be obligated to the same regulations.
So yeah ... scary but true: in my building, which has a newly designed "open forum" where people can drop and hotel or meet informally, I was walking past a small hoteling station and right there in front of God and everyone was an unmanned laptop, screen viewable and unlocked, the computer not locked down, and the owner's laptop case sitting there with a bunch of papers peeping over the brim!!! O.o?
P.S. - love the blog thing, keep it up.


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This is what I had for breakfast today. It sounds crazy but it's what I wanted to eat and that's that! I had a cup of green tea afterward.
3. Chocolate banana cake - I baked it last night. Taste yummy and for this size, it only has about 70 calorie. I don't ate cake often and this is somewhat a treat for being such a good girl I am! ;) I just don't want the over-ripe bananas go to waste, that's why I decided to bake them.
According to my weight, height, age, and activities, I am allowed to consume 2200 calories a day. Sometimes I go over that, but most of the time I'm under the limit.
Have fun and God bless everyone!
Wonderful breakfast and your photograph too!!!
Would you share your recipe? I would like to put it on my food blog.
Again a wonderful post, pictures of the food and recipes is a sure winner.
Never heard of chocolate banana cake before.
Very informative. I didin't now about these foods. I am only eating about 1200 calories, trying to lose the few pounds I've gained this winter. After losing 50 pounds a few years ago and maintaining for 3 years, I have to catch it at a few pounds.
I love the picture of the sea with a light gray precious and exceptional, very poetic.
Thank you guys for leaving me comments, I really appreciate your time.
@ Magda, yep summer is in the corner, better watch out what we eat.
@ Wanda, it was unexpected, I was looking for a good recipe for my ripe bananas, I have never heard of it before too.
@Karen, nice to meet you too. Wow! losing 50lbs is a lot and you maintained your weight for 3 year that's a big Wow!


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A few months ago I was contacted by the VP of Lanxang Tactical asking if I would be interested in testing his new 7.62 gas gun. Being a sniper in the military for several years has afforded me the opportunity to shoot more rifles than I can count. What caught my attention about Lanxang was their commitment to quality control and building rifles based on user feedback, not what is selling in the AR market. There are serveral things I take into consideration when choosing rifles, accuracy, reliability, and ergonomics. I put all of those to the test during the 6th annual USASOC Sniper Competition. While training up for the competition I shot several kinds of ammunition through the VL34; 175gr Sierra Match King, 175gr Federal Gold Medal Match, and AB39. The gun consistently shot 3/4 MOA groups with all three types of ammunition and even tightened up to 1/2 MOA when I shot the AB39. Pretty damn good good for a gas gun. During 4 days and 19 different shooting stages I ran the VL34 into the ground. No cleaning, minimal lubricant, and constantly throwing it around as I ran the stages. I did not experience a single malfunction the entire competition. No double feeds, stovepipes, broken firing pins, blown extractors, shattered buffers, broken bolt lugs, or cracked rails. There were some big brand name guns experiencing several of those malfunctions during the competition. I dumped magazine after magazine through the gun, climbed up and down buildings with it across my back, dragged it through the woods, knocked it off a Humvee, and it still performed like a champion. At the end of the week the VL34 had taken as much punishment as I could dish out and still performed strong enough to help me and my partner take 3rd place. I will let the VL34's performance speak for itself. It is a strong, accurate, and rugged gun built for real gunslingers, not bench-rest sissies. I give it 5 out of 5 gold stars.
As a shooting instructor my equipment has to function flawlessly and be accurate, no matter the conditions. Travis approached me earlier this year about shooting the Lanxang rifle, the LTE-42. From the very first groups I shot, this rifle has continued to amaze me. Dirty, uncleaned, mixed ammo...this rifle has held groups of 1.25"...with irons sights only! I never cleaned it and it continued to perform. I have put this rifle up against guns with Eotechs, Aim Points, Elcans, ACOGs, with and without magnifiers. It has out-shot every Military/ LE rifle that has come to one of my courses. When I put a scope on the rifle it has consistently held groups from .5-.6"!
Every aspect of the rifle is top notch. Magpul furniture and sights come standard. The Geiselle 2 stage trigger (G2S) is smooth and consistently reliable. The barrel, flash hider, and slender hand guard tube function flawlessly and flow smoothly into the upper receiver. With all the attention to detail and time spent on this rifle, it is easy for me to say you are getting far more rifle for the price you pay.
I met up with Ryan and Travis at a private shooting range in GA to test some weapons and Lanxang Tactical's 5.56 was one of those. As a guest I was invited to test it out so I loaded a mag and stepped up to the line. The targets were steel plates hanging on chains at 100 yards. The plates ranged from 12" to 4". I completely emptied the 30 rd magazine, firing between 1 and 2 rounds per second, changing targets every few rounds and never missed a shot! I own an expensive AR in 5.56 and it doesn't perform like that. It was the exceptional balance, muzzle brake and surprisingly smooth action that perfectly managed the recoil allowing me to maintain my sight picture. As I continued to shoot, my smile kept getting bigger and bigger. The trigger was very clean and crisp and the action was noticeably faster than mine.
I don't know what Lanxang did to the feed ramp but there was absolutely no detectable catch as the rounds chambered. I had seen Lanxang rifles perform at sniper competitions but didn't know how accurate the 5.56 would be. By the time we were done, there was only one steel plate hanging by one chain and it was hanging with the edge facing us. Ryan put the bipod down on this rifle and laid down, aimed and fired a single shot. He drilled the edge of that plate solid, then jumped up and said, "Yeah! That just happened!" Take your cell phone out to 100 yards and turn it sideways. There's your target. I never expected that kind of precision from a gas gun. This weapon had it all.


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Premier League rule change over substitutes confirmed
Everton and Liverpool will be back in Premier League action this month and key rules have changed
The Premier League have confirmed that the return of football will see teams permitted the use of five substitutions per game.
Top flight teams will now be able to select a total of nine subs on the bench as they gear up for the return to action in two weeks' time.
Talks between all 20 clubs continued via video link on Thursday with discussions of subs part of the day's agenda.
The Premier League have been studying events in the Bundesliga closely following the return of football in Germany last month where teams are now able to use five subs for the remainder of the season.
With injury rates likely to increase and teams having a busy fixture list over the next few weeks, clubs have been allowed to use an extra two substitutions in an effort to minimise the risk.
A statement read: "Premier League Shareholders today agreed temporary changes to the rules relating to substitute players.
"For the remainder of the 2019/20 season, the number of substitutes that can be used during a match will increase from three to five players.
"This is in line with the temporary law amendment made by the International Football Association Board last month.
"Shareholders also approved for Clubs to increase the maximum number of substitute players on the bench from seven to nine for the rest of the 2019/20 season."
The Premier League are yet to confirm the TV scheduling for the remaining 92 games of the campaign as fans get set for a feast of football that will see every match televised.
Sky Sports will show 64 of those games with rival broadcaster BT Sport televising 20.
Amazon, who debuted their coverage back in December, will screen four on their Prime service with the BBC also set to cover a quartet of live Premier League fixtures for the first time in the competition's 28-year history.
The first game back for both Everton and Liverpool will see the Reds visit Goodison Park for the 236th Merseyside derby.
As things stand, the game will go ahead on Merseyside on June 20, but the venue for the game is still under consideration.
Premier Leaguepremier league news
Real Madrid Reject Chance To Sign Premier League Star On Free Transfer
Atletico Madrid star Diego Costa sentenced to six months in prison for tax fraud


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Uganda: Tension mounts as Museveni turns the screw
Mabingue Ngom: We can make a real difference in the Sahel
Voices of African women during the time of Covid
César Augusto Mba Abogo: 'Reform is hardest part of government'
The 100 Most Influential Africans of 2020
Covid-19 exposes need for new direction in Nigerian economy
Fallism and restitution: Removing racist statues and returning looted art objects
Helping African governments and corporates navigate the perils of Covid-19
The ECOWAS Bank for Investment and Development (EBID)
TENDER REF: RFP-01, CALL FOR TENDERS -THE ECOWAS BANK FOR INVESTMENT AND DEVELOPMENT (EBID)
Lord Hain: 'The leaders who have been most impressive in this crisis have been the ones who have genuinely shown compassion'
Ade Ayeyemi: Give banks the flexibility they need to put the economy back on its feet
Miguel Angel Moratinos: 'We need a united response to Covid-19'
Carlos Lopes: Africa must revise its priorities in the face of Covid-19
Djibouti: The rise of a major logistics hub
COVID-19 casts a long shadow for the malaria fight in Africa
Fact or fiction: How one's perspective of data influences decision making
AU, Africa CDC adoption of digital technology set to save lives, revive economies
Why is most of Africa not on UK Covid exempt list?
The keys to a peaceful Sahel
In this month's issue
Where is the condemnation for brutality against Africans?
Benedict Oramah: International trade is a game of survival of the fittest
Magufuli 2.0: A more nuanced approach?
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Voices of African women
Anver Versi
Voices of African Women is a collection of personal views and reflections by African women on the extraordinary times we are living through. New African magazine editor Anver Versi introduces this unique set of narratives.
New African magazine is delighted and honoured to join hands with Collateral Benefits in launching this campaign, Voices of African Women as we all navigate the grim tides of the Covid-19 pandemic.
The collaboration shares the personal views, reflections and experiences of African women during this extraordinary period when what we took for granted as 'normal life' has been suspended and we have been forced to fall back on our inner resources.
As always, the burden of maintaining stability and a sense of purpose both inside and outside the home during a period of crisis falls disproportionately on women. As has been said, it is the women who nurture and keep the flame of hope burning when the world seems to collapse around us.
Yet, as many of these reflections reveal, women are still often abused, beaten, ignored and treated as second class people whose rights, needs and dreams and aspirations can be trampled upon with impunity.
But, again as these reflections from a very diverse range of women show, African women today refuse to 'suffer in silence'. They have found their voices and what they have to say is both riveting and profound.
Their unique narratives cover the ground from shifting social norms, thorny gender issues, intriguing perspectives on science, education, entrepreneurship and painful but necessary dissection of mental health issues. They write with wit, candour and insight – allowing us to draw much needed inspiration from their views in these difficult times.
The pieces we are publishing are a sample of vox pops taken from the upcoming Collateral Benefits perspective papers: Voices of African Woman and Voices of African Leaders (launching in January 2021).
Read more articles from 'Voices of African women' dossier.
Written by Anver Versi
Award-winning journalist Anver Versi is the editor of New African magazine. He was born in Kenya and is currently based in London, UK.
Read our Discussion Policy
Táyra Augusto: Loving every inch of yourself
Pressures on women to be skinny cause much physical and mental harm. We need to challenge the norm and reject the conditioning we've experienced, says plus-size model Táyra Augusto.
Yara Manuela Cumbi: Fighting Covid has shown power of African ingenuity
African responses to Covid-19 show that developing countries are not dependent on developed countries for solutions and resources, says Yara Manuela Cumbi.
Neema Mduma: Improving outcomes through machine learning
Dr Neema Mduma describes how she is addressing the issue of student drop-out in secondary schools in Tanzania through the use of a machine learning model that allows teachers and parents to identify and provide support to students in a situation of academic fragility.
Josina Z. Machel: We must end gender based violence
African women resisting violence are becoming the dust that falls through the cracks of the systems meant to protect us, says Josina Z. Machel. A collective call for an end to gender-based violence is our only mandate.
Matsi Modise: SMEs are the backbone of the economy
A Startup Act for South Africa would provide the vision, direction and structure to bring about job creation, innovation and collaboration, says Matsi Modise.
María del Mar Bonkanka Tabares: Our futures depend on education
We must think about and invest in the education that we need, so that we can become who we need to be and are better able to harness our destinies to achieve what we must achieve, says María del Mar Bonkanka Tabares.
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Cathay Williams / William Cathey: Buffalo Soldier
Posted on February 27, 2018 by Meg Groeling
My father was a freeman, but my mother was a slave, belonging to William Johnson, a wealthy farmer who lived at the time I was born near Independence, Jackson County, Missouri.[1]
So begins the story of Ms. Cathay Williams, the first documented woman to enlist in the U. S. Army. Although her military service did not begin until November 15, 1866, Cathay made her career choice based on her experience with the Union Army, which began in late 1861 when she was "impressed" by Colonel William P. Benton of the 13th Army Corps. She and her family had moved from Independence to Jefferson City, but her master died there and his slaves were evidently cut adrift:
United States soldiers came to Jefferson City they took me and other colored folks with them to Little Rock. Colonel Benton of the 13th army corps was the officer that carried us off. I did not want to go. He wanted me to cook for the officers, but I had always been a house girl and did not know how to cook. [2]
Jefferson Barracks. From Valley of the Mississippi Illustrated, by J.C. Wild and Lewis Thomas. Plate XI. Lithograph by J.C. Wild, 1841. Missouri Historical Society Library. NS 28389. Scan © 2004, Missouri Historical Society.
Seventeen-year-old Cathay learned to cook, however, and accompanied the 13th to Pea Ridge. After that battle, the command moved throughout Arkansas and Louisiana, burning cotton. Cathay went with them and was present when rebel gunboats were captured and burned on the Red River at Shreveport during the unsuccessful Red River Campaign.[3] She continued her cooking duties, following the army to New Orleans, then, by way of the Gulf of Mexico, to Savannah, and finally Macon, Georgia. Cathay claims in the interview from which these quotes are taken that she was eventually sent to Washington City, serving as both a cook and washerwoman for General Phillip Sheridan and his staff. Near the end of the war, she ended up at Jefferson Barracks, in eastern Missouri, remaining there until at least April 1865. Jefferson Barracks was the site of a major medical hospital that served soldiers on both sides of the war. In 1862 the Western Sanitary Commission built its largest hospital there as well.[4] Cathay may have stayed in Missouri, cooking and cleaning for one of these institutions until her services were no longer needed. The fact that the regimental headquarters for the 38th U. S. Infantry was located at Jefferson Barracks was probably instrumental in her future.
photo alleged to be Cathay Williams
After the Civil War, employment opportunities were scarce for many African-Americans, especially in the South. Many of them looked to military service, where they could earn not only steady pay but education, health care, and a pension. When Congress reorganized the peacetime regular army in the summer of 1866 it recognized the military merits of black soldiers by authorizing two segregated regiments of black cavalry, the Ninth United States Cavalry and the Tenth United States Cavalry and the 24th, 25th, 38th, 39th, 40th, and 41st Infantry Regiments. Orders were given to transfer the troops to the western war arena, where they would join the army's fight with the Indians. White officers commanded all of the black regiments at that time. Cathay already had experience living in an army camp and she decided that in order to earn her way, she would enlist. On November 15, 1866, Cathay Williams joined the Army using the name William Cathey. She informed her recruiting officer that she was a 22-year-old cook. He described her as 5′ 9″, with black eyes, black hair and black complexion. An Army surgeon examined Cathey and determined the recruit was "fit for duty," thus sealing her fate in history as the first documented African-American woman to enlist in the Army, although U.S. Army regulations forbade the enlistment of women until 1948. Cathey was assigned to the 38th U.S. Infantry, became a Buffalo Soldier, and traveled throughout the west with her unit.[5]
The regiment I joined wore the Zouave uniform and only two persons, a cousin and a particular friend, members of the regiment, knew that I was a woman. They never "blowed" on me. They were partly the cause of my joining the army. Another reason was I wanted to make my own living and not be dependent on relations or friends.[6]
The muster rolls reveal that William Cathey was an average soldier. She neither distinguished herself nor disgraced her uniform while in the service. She was never singled out for praise or punishment. She was one of the tallest privates in her company, and she probably never experienced close physical scrutiny during her service, despite hospital visits. From her enlistment date until February 1867, William Cathey was stationed at Jefferson Barracks. Her time there would have been spent in training and getting used to the daily routine of army camp life. It is uncertain, though, just how long she actually was present at the installation. On February 13, Company A of the 38th Infantry was officially organized, and William Cathey, along with 75 other black privates, was mustered into that company. Shortly afterward, she was in an unnamed St. Louis hospital, suffering an undocumented illness. By April 1867 William Cathey and Company A had marched to Fort Riley, Kansas. On April 30, she was described as "ill in quarters," along with 15 other privates. Because they were sick, their pay was docked 10 dollars per month for three months, so one might presume William Cathey was not malingering. She did not return to duty for two weeks. [7]
On July 20, 1867, Company A arrived at Fort Union, New Mexico, after a march of 536 miles. On September 7, they began the march to Fort Cummings, New Mexico, arriving October 1. The unit was stationed there for eight months. When the company was not on the march, the privates did garrison duty, drilled and trained, and went scouting for signs of hostile Native Americans. William Cathey participated in her share of the obligations facing Company A. There is no record that the company ever engaged the enemy or saw any form of direct combat during this time.[8]
I was as that paper says, I was never put in the guard house, no bayonet was ever put to my back. I carried my musket and did guard and other duties while in the army,[9]
In January 1868, after about eight months off the sick list, her health began deteriorating. On the 27th of that month, she was admitted to the post hospital at Fort Cummings, citing rheumatism. She returned to duty three days later. On March 20, she went back to the hospital with the same complaint. Again, she returned to duty within three days. On June 6, the company marched forty-seven miles to Fort Bayard, New Mexico. This was the last fort at which William Cathey lived during her army stint. On July 13, she was admitted to the hospital at Fort Bayard, and diagnosed with neuralgia.* She did not report back to duty for a month. This was the last recorded medical treatment of William Cathey while in the military. The fact that five hospital visits failed to reveal that William Cathey was a woman raises questions about the quality of medical care available to the soldiers of the U.S. Army, or at least to the African-American soldiers. Clearly, she never fully undressed during her hospital stays. Perhaps she objected to any potentially intrusive procedures out of fear of discovery. There is no record of the treatment given her at the hospitals. There is every indication that whatever treatments she received, they did not work.
Cathay Williams/William Cathey's Discharge papers
On October 14, 1868, William Cathey and two other privates in Company A, 38th Infantry were discharged at Ft. Bayard on a surgeon's certificate of disability. William Cathey's certificate included statements from both the captain of her company and the post's assistant surgeon. The captain's statement read that Cathey had been under his command since May 20, 1867:
. . . and has been since feeble both physically and mentally, and much of the time quite unfit for duty. The origin of his infirmities is unknown to me. He is of . . . a feeble habit. He is continually on sick report without benefit. He is unable to do military duty. . . . This condition dates prior to enlistment.[10]
Cathay Williams, also known as William Cathey, served her country for just over two years. The interview she gave to the St. Louis Daily Times in 1876 gives us the only clues as to what happened to her after leaving the service:
After leaving the army I went to Pueblo, Colorado, where I made money by cooking and washing. I got married while there, but my husband was no account. He stole my watch and chain, a hundred dollars in money and my team of horses and wagon. I had him arrested and put in jail, and then I came here. I like this town. I know all the good people here, and I expect to get rich yet. I have not got my land warrant. I thought I would wait till the railroad came and then take my land near the depot. Grant owns all this land around here, and it won't cost me anything. I shall never live in the states again. You see I've got a good sewing machine and I get washing to do and clothes to make. I want to get along and not be a burden to my friends or relatives.[11]
At some point in late 1889 or early 1890, Cathay Williams was hospitalized in Trinidad, Colorado for nearly a year and a half. She filed in June 1891 for an invalid pension based upon her military service. Her application brought to light the fact that an African-American woman had served in the Regular Army. Her original application for the pension, sworn before the local County Clerk gave her age as forty-one. She stated that she was one and the same with the William Cathey who served as a private in Company A, 38th U.S. Infantry for just under two full years. She claimed in her application that she was suffering deafness, contracted in the army. She also referred to her rheumatism and neuralgia. She declared eligibility for an invalid pension because she could no longer sustain herself by manual labor. On September 9, 1891, a medical doctor, in Trinidad, employed by the Pension Bureau, examined Cathay Williams. The doctor described her as 5′ 7″, 160 pounds, large, stout, and forty-nine years old. He reported that she could hear a conversation and therefore was not deaf. He also reported no physical changes in her joints, muscles, or tendons indicating rheumatism or neuralgia. Most horrifying, the doctor reported that all her toes on both feet had been amputated, and she could only walk with the aid of a crutch. This did not happen during her time in service, however.[12]
Pension Requests
In February 1892 the Pension Bureau rejected her claim for an Invalid Pension. After this, Cathay Williams disappears from the pages of history. She is not listed in the 1900 Federal Census, so from this may be surmised that she probably died between 1892 and 1900, at the age of eighty-two. A pioneer even if she did not know it, Cathay Williams was the first female Buffalo Soldier. This improbable, independent, strong black woman should not be overlooked. In July 2016, a bronze bust of Cathay Williams, surrounded by a small rose garden, was unveiled outside the Richard Allen Cultural Center in Leavenworth, Kansas.
General Barbara Lynne Owens, one of two black female generals currently serving in the Army Reserve, said she learned about Williams "a long time ago." Owens called her an early trailblazer who set the path for all black female soldiers who have followed, saying:
If she had not done what she did, I would not be standing here today.[13]
[1] St. Louis Daily Times, January 2, 1876 [online version available at
http://www.buffalosoldier.net/CathayWilliamsFemaleBuffaloSoldierWithDocuments.ht (accessed February 14, 2018)].
[3] United States Government Printing Office, Congressional Serial Set, (reprint, Ulan Press, 2012), 270-273. [online version available at https://books.google.com/books?id=PIQZAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA273&lpg=PA273&dq=rebel+gunboats+burned+near+shreveport&source=bl&ots=nhuQqRtlHG&sig=bULfdTAw0z7u2P9a6lt_vT4IXRk&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjy44TD-ajZAhVpyoMKHSeVAocQ6AEINTAE#v=onepage&q=rebel%20gunboats%20burned%20near%20shreveport&f=false (accessed February 13, 2018)].
[4] Jefferson Barracks Museums, St. Louis County, Missouri Parks and Recreation. [online version available at https://www.stlouisco.com/ParksandRecreation/ParkPages/JeffersonBarracks/JeffersonBarracksMuseums (accessed February 12, 2018)].
[5] http://www.amazingwomeninhistory.com/cathay-williams/ and http://web.archive.org/web/20080616094119/http://www.goarmy.com/bhm/profiles_williams.jsp (accessed February 10, 2018).
[7] http://www.buffalosoldier.net/CathayWilliamsFemaleBuffaloSoldierWithDocuments.htm
[10] http://www.buffalosoldier.net/CathayWilliamsFemaleBuffaloSoldierWithDocuments.htm
[11] St. Louis Daily Times, January 2, 1876 [online version available at
[12] http://www.buffalosoldier.net/CathayWilliamsFemaleBuffaloSoldierWithDocuments.htm (accessed February 14, 2018)].
[13] Miranda Davis, "Monument to female Buffalo Soldier is dedicated in Leavenworth," The Kansas City Star, July 22, 2016. [online version available at http://www.kansascity.com/news/local/article91412232.html (accessed February 13, 2018)].
About Meg Groeling
CW Historian
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This entry was posted in USCT and tagged 10th U.S. Cavalry, 38th U.S. Infantry, 9th U.S. Cavalry, black history, black history month, black-history-2018, Buffalo Soldiers, Cathay Williams, Female Soldiers, Fort Bayard, Fort Cummings, Fort Reily, Fort Union, General Barbara Lynne Owens, Invalid Pension, jefferson barracks, New Mexico, Philip Sheridan, Trinidad Colorado, USCT, Veteran Pension, washerwoman, William Cathey, women disguised as soldiers, women's studies. Bookmark the permalink.
12 Responses to Cathay Williams / William Cathey: Buffalo Soldier
Northwest Florida History says:
Excellent piece. Thank you.
Meg Groeling says:
You are most welcome. Thanks for reading ECW.
Rosemary Nichols says:
What a fascinating story. Frontier service after the war was pretty awful for all the Army, but especially for the Buffalo Soldiers. I am glad she has been honored, though like Henry Johnson of WWI fame, the recognition comes very late.
I agree. We ECW writers were tasked to find some uncommon examples of African-American contributions to the war effort, and I thought Cathay was an excellent example.
Doug Pauly says:
I find it hard to believe that she was 'examined' by a doctor when she enlisted and wasn't 'discovered' to be a woman. Was the service so desperate for bodies that the only real criteria to consider was whether the recruit in question was breathing?
Pretty much yes. There were a fair number (in the hundreds) of women who were sworn into federal service (at least in the Union Army) that were enlisted into service and not discovered to have been of an unapproved sex until they were either wounded or gave birth.
If you would like to do some reading, I can give you some sources.
By all means Rosemary. I appreciate that..
Apparently breathing was just about all that mattered. I can imagine not dropping trou, but not even a chest exam for the breathing part? But–we are finding more and more examples of women masking their gender and serving. I think it says more about the medical world than anything else. Thanks for reading.
rarerootbeer says:
Thank you for writing this article. You are very busy preparing for presentations thoughout California and you are finishing your book on Elmer Ellsworth. Im looking forward to attending your presentation in Redlands, California in March. It is great to hear of great African-American heroes of the United States Civil War and that era.
It takes a village! Thanks for your help.
Rob wilson says:
A remarkable story, outside of the mainstream narratives about the USCT and Buffalo Soldiers. Thanks for digging around to find the sources you used, putting this together and sharing it with all of us.
Google her up and look at the variety of images. We didn't use any here because they are "art" and belong to someone else, but they are fascinating. Thanks for your thoughtful comment.
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So far we have covered the use of ice and dry heat to assist in the recovery process. When we look at heat we have to remember that there are 2 kinds. Dry heat which we covered in part 2, and moist heat which we will discuss here.
Dry heat is a very good way to get circulation into the affected area. However moist heat is much more penetrating, so it must be more effective. Or is it?
Whenever I've used moist heat pads (aka hydrocollators) my muscles have felt suppler than using dry heat or ice. By the way, hydrocollators found in a rehab setting are kept in water at 170 degrees and will retain this heat for 20-30 minutes. In fact at home, after very long runs I have turned to sitting in a tub of hot water to assist in my recovery.
But the debate continues. Clinical studies do not support the belief that moist heat is more effective than dry heat. Moist heat gives the perception that the tissue is being heated more deeply.
A study was held by the University of Texas to find out if moist heat was more effective increasing flexibility than static stretching. Results showed significant benefits to increase hamstring flexibility when using moist heat over static stretching.
Okay so there are great benefits to using moist heat. But what about the debate of dry vs. moist heat? Is it a matter of perception?
No matter whether it is dry or moist, heat is going to increase circulation by acting as a vasodilator which will increase the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the area it is applied to.
In summary. When looking for the correct modality to use for soreness, pulled muscles and other strains use ice for the first 72 hours and then heat after that. Ice will reduce inflammation and heat will increase circulation so that the proper nutrients and oxygen can get back into the area. This will allow you to continue to increase your conditioning and fitness levels according to your goals.
What about you? Have you found other sources to aid in your recovery?
This will be the first in a series about recovery modalities. What assists your muscles during the recovery phase so that they can be ready for another workout in order to continue to increase your fitness levels?
My muscles are sore!!! ……Well how does that happen and what can you do about it?
DOMS – Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness is the pain felt in muscles several hours to days after strenuous exercise. DOMS is the result of ruptures within the muscle, as well as damage to the muscle's connective tissue.
I have made this recommendation to those suffering countless times. It shocks me when someone comes in the gym complaining of an injury. I ask them if they've iced and they just look at me with a distant stare.
But it really can be that simple.
The application of cold for the treatment of injury is widespread in sports medicine today. Ice applied to the injured area will help prevent or reduce swelling. Which then will allow the tissues and muscle to repair quicker than if it is still fighting off the inflammation first. Ice packs, ice massage, gel packs can all be used to reduce inflammation. Hence reduce the soreness you are feeling and then allowing you to hit it hard in the weight room quicker than if you don't bring the inflammation down.
Ice should be left in place for approximately 15-20 minutes. You won't get any additional effect by applying it any longer.
In the future we will explore the use of heat and moist heat when recovering from one workout and getting ready for the next.
Napping. Yes what we're talking about is that brief time period we have when we lie down during the course of our day to recharge our body's batteries. What?!?!?! You mean you don't NAP? Maybe you should.
We are told that it is best to get 7 to 9 hours of sleep a night. But the reality is that most of us live very busy lives. It is more likely that we are getting 6 to 7 hours of sleep and maybe even less. The average sleep duration is now almost 2 hours shorter per night than it was 50 years ago. Although this may not seem like a significant difference when we continually sleep this way we're actually causing a "sleep debt". Which can then show up as poor physical health, increased stress and emotional instability. Sleeping less has been linked to increased risk of hypertension and cardiovascular problems.
So how long should you nap? And is there an ideal time of day to do this?
Naps should be kept short. 15 to 30 minutes is optimal. Napping longer does have its benefits but you can also risk disrupting your sleep later in the evening. As far as what time of day, many studies have been completed and there are many variables to be considered. But typically after lunch our bodies go through what is known as a "post-lunch dip" in wakefulness. This is a time when sleep propensity is at its highest. So if you can the ideal time would be an hour and a half to two hours after lunch. This is the time that you can recharge your batteries in order to end your day with a flourish of energy.
Truth be told due to the hours I sometimes work. I've been known to sneak out to my truck even at a late morning hour and grab 15 minutes in order to refresh. So when the need hits don't fear the nap. Embrace it! It'll do your body good!
Overtraining – Is This You?
How many times a week do you workout? Notice that I said times not days. If you're doing a class in one part of your day and then running for a period of time or lifting weights during another part of your day then you're working out more than once in that day. Count these, not the days. How many days a week do you take off?
How do you feel when you wake up the morning after a workout? Are you still tired? Have you become a little more irritable? Are your legs feeling heavy when you're going for your next run or workout? If any of this sounds familiar you may be suffering from overtraining.
As many of my clients have heard from me, the real work happens after the training ends. It begins with the recovery process. When the body has a chance to rejuvenate itself and prepare for the next load that is about to be delivered. If your body does not get this time to rest then you will continue to tear it down and it will NOT have a chance to increase its condition, and you can risk injury.


text:
courtesy photoMegan Trout and Robert Parsons are excellent in Aurora Theatre Company's production of "A Bright New Boise."
Everyday people revealed in Aurora Theatre's 'A Bright New Boise'
The central figure in Samuel L. Hunter's "A Bright New Boise" at first appears as a stable character among loonies.
Played by a deeply emotionally connected Robert Parsons in Aurora Theatre Company's excellent local premiere of the intriguing comedy-drama (by the author of the more recent 2013 Drama Desk award winner "The Whale"), Will — a newcomer to the workforce at Hobby Lobby, a big-box crafts store in Boise, Idaho — seems affable and low key.
His seriously flawed co-workers are controlling, rage-aholic store manager Pauline (a hilarious and completely convincing Gwen Loeb); nervous, neurotic high school dropout and bookworm Anna (a fascinating, complex performance by Megan Trout); hostile tough-guy Leroy (the always electrifying Patrick Russell); and, most important, Leroy's younger brother, Alex (Daniel Petzold, in a beautifully crafted turn as a disturbed kid). Alex, who composes music and writes poetry, is given to panic attacks.
They're all working at a dead-end job, and Hunter's depiction of their workplace (dreary, realistic set by Richard Olmsted) is funny and a tiny bit surreal: A closed-circuit monitor in the break room runs a loop of reps from "corporate" discussing the store's exciting new products, but occasionally the TV malfunctions and broadcasts close-ups of gory medical procedures (video design by Micah J. Stieglitz).
It's a harbinger of the scary world outside this bland, banal setting.
As Will explains early on, he's here to find and connect with the reluctant, vulnerable Alex, the long-lost son he gave up for adoption when he was a baby.
But loner Will's background is clouded. He comes from "up north," where, as it becomes evident soon enough, he was involved with a cultlike evangelical church of which the pastor was recently jailed for something horrific.
That background is cause for suspicion and ambivalence among his co-workers. When eager Anna invites Will to join her friendly Lutheran church, you know that's not going to happen. Will has not given up his faith; he is a true fundamentalist, praying for the Rapture.
Hunter's examination of this group of white, working-class folks who know they're unlikely to rise much higher in life is profoundly empathetic. Needy and desperate to varying degrees, they're played with such finesse by the Aurora cast, under Tom Ross' perfectly modulated direction, that you care about them just because they're human.
A Bright New Boise
Presented by Aurora Theatre Company
Where: 2081 Addison St., Berkeley
When: 7 p.m. Tuesdays, 8 p.m. Wednesdays-Saturdays, 2 and 7 p.m. Sundays; closes Dec 8
Contact: (510) 843-4822 or www.auroratheatre.org
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