text:
World Rugby vice-president receives two-year sentence for corruption
By Peter McLaren-Kennedy • 14 December 2022 • 21:29
Bernard Laporte - Credit CC Fanny Scherzer
Bernard Laporte the World Rugby vice-president and France rugby president has been convicted by a French court of corruption.
Pundits and rugby associations from across the world have urged World Rugby to sever ties with the Frenchman, who has been given a two-year suspended sentence.
Laporte, who said on Wednesday, December 14 that he intends to appeal his conviction, remains president of the French Rugby Federation.
Montpellier owner Mohed Altrad was also given an 18-month suspended sentence and fined along with Laporte. The two were found guilty of an illegal conflict of interests, influence peddling and four instances of passive corruption.
Many have called on Laporte to step away from rugby just nine months before France is due to hold the 2023 World Cup. They say his position is untenable, however, his appeal could take as long as 2024 to be heard which means that he is unlikely to step down.
Following the news of the conviction, New Zealand rugby instigated an investigation into the sponsorship deal they have with French construction company Altrad. The insinuation is that Laporte had a hand in the deal.
Neil Hallet, the former All Black, has been asked as an ex-policeman to investigate the case and to report his findings. Hallett, a former detective inspector in the New Zealand police, is expected to report before the end of January.
Sir Bill Beaumont, the World Rugby chairman, will take on Laporte's committee duties whilst the investigation takes place.
Laporte is known to have played an influential role in helping France to secure the 2023 hosting rights ahead of the official preferred bidder South Africa. However, the bid did not form any part of the corruption probe
The sentence is the latest scandal to affect world rugby with British referee Wayne Barnes considering walking away from the game. Barnes has reported online abuse to the police that threatened him and his family following a video posted by South Africa's Director of Rugby, Rassie Erasmus, who questioned some of his decisions.
Erasmus was banned for two games, but the damage has been done although Barnes has said: "When you've done 100 games, you think you can prepare for most things."
Speaking in an interview with The Good, The Bad and The Rugby podcast he said: "You can't prepare for that. It affects you and it affects your family. Of course, I have questioned my refereeing future, that's a constant conversation you have with your family."
World Rugby has moved quickly to deal with the news that the vice president, Bernard Laporte has received a two-year sentence for corruption. The timing could not be worse with ongoing investigations into Qatar and the bribery of European Union MEPs and FIFA officials.
Thank you for taking the time to read this article, do remember to come back and check The Euro Weekly News website for all your up-to-date local and international news stories and remember, you can also follow us on Facebook and Instagram.
BREAKING Football news: English Premier League club Everton confirm new manager
Transfer news: Premier League leaders swoop for Seagulls young midfielder
Former Dutch international footballer diagnosed with pericarditis
Former Premier League legend sacked as manager of Championship club after NINE matches
BREAKING: Former Everton boss set for surprise managerial return at League One side
BREAKING: Shock move sees English Premier League club put up for sale
Peter McLaren-Kennedy
Originally from South Africa, Peter is based on the Costa Blanca and is a web reporter for the Euro Weekly News covering international and Spanish national news. Got a news story you want to share? Then get in touch at [email protected]


AIMS: To quantify tau pathology of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) and investigate influence of dot-like lesions (DL), brain region, co-morbidity, and sporting career length. METHODS: Densities of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), astrocytic tangles (AT), DL, oligodendroglial inclusions (GI), neuropil threads (NT), vacuoles, neurons, and enlarged neurons (EN) were measured in tau-immunoreactive sections of upper cortical laminae of frontal and temporal lobe, hippocampus (HC), amygdala, and substantia nigra (SN) of eleven cases of CTE. RESULTS: DL were a consistent finding in CTE. Densities of NFT, NT and DL were greatest in sectors CA1 and CA2 of the HC. Densities of AT were lower than NFT, small numbers of GI were recorded in temporal lobe, and low densities of vacuoles and EN were consistently present. β-amyloid containing neuritic plaques (NP) also occurred at low density. Densities of NFT, NT, DL, and AT were greater in sulci than gyri while vacuole density was greater in gyri. Principal components analysis (PCA) suggested that sporting career length and densities of NFT in entorhinal cortex, NT in CA2 and SN, and vacuolation in the DG were significant sources of variation among cases. CONCLUSION: DL are frequent in CTE suggesting affinity with argyrophilic grain disease (AGD) and Parkinson's disease dementia (PD-Dem). Densities of AT in all regions and NT/DL in sectors CA2/4 were consistent features of CTE. The eleven cases are neuropathologically heterogeneous which may result from genetic diversity, and variation in anatomical pathways subjected to trauma. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Armstrong, R. A., McKee, A. C., Stein, T. D., Alvarez, V. E., & Cairns, N. J. (2016). A quantitative study of tau pathology in eleven cases of chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology, Early view, which has been published in final form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nan.12323. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.


text:
The 15th International Emmy Awards took place on November 23, 1987 in New York City. The award ceremony, presented by the International Academy of Television Arts and Sciences, honors all programming produced and originally aired outside the United States.

Ceremony
The singer John Denver presented a special Founder's Award to Jacques-Yves Cousteau, who has produced more than 50 films for television based on his oceanographic studies. A special Directorate Award went to Jeremy Isaacs. He was founding chief executive of Channel 4 in 1981 after a long career as a program maker and executive with the BBC and ITV and as an independent producer. The winner in the children's programming category was Degrassi Junior High. The best drama award went to Porterhouse Blue, an adaptation for television by Malcolm Bradbury for Channel 4 in four episodes. The best documentary award went to The Sworld of Islam, from ITV Granada.

Winners
Best Drama: Porterhouse Blue (Channel 4)
Best Documentary: The Sword of Islam (Granada Television)
Best Children's Program: Degrassi Junior High: It's Late (CBC Television)
Founders Award: Jacques-Yves Cousteau
Directorate Award: Jeremy Isaacs

References

International Emmy Awards ceremonies
International
International

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Chicago Hispanic firm part of $75 million partnership to rebuild economy
By David Steinkraus
Chicago (Negocios Now)- IGNITE Cities, a Chicago-based technology consulting firm, is partnering with Qualcomm and JLC Infrastructure in a $75 million project to invest in smart technology in cities around the country.
George Burciaga is a managing partner of IGNITE and is an international thought leader for smart and connected. He has been honored by two U.S. presidents for contributions to government and technology leadership.
"Our work is not about small calculated projects; it's about delivering a strategic plan and solutions that reshape our future," Burciaga said in a press release.
Each partner brings an advantage to the project. JLC has a network of municipal and construction relationships. Qualcomm is a leading maker of computer chips and wireless technology solutions. IGNITE has expertise in municipal partnerships and resolving the complex issues that arise in government.
Initially, the partnership will focus on bringing smart devices to school campuses and then using smart technologies to improve management and safety on construction projects. For cities that lack a smart infrastructure, the partnership will help develop a long-term strategy for deploying technologies.
The smart cities movement aims to save citizens time and money by adjusting systems in real-time and giving citizens better access to information. For example, a connected transportation system could adjust traffic signals to remove bottlenecks and reduce commuting time for motorists.
In an article for the National League of Cities that he wrote in May, Burciaga said deploying smart technologies should be part of the rebuilding we undertake following the coronavirus pandemic. The pandemic revealed many weaknesses in our society, he wrote. As we rethink our behaviors, we need to use technologies that equally and equitably connect everyone to everything, he wrote, and by advancing public internet connectivity, safety, and transit, we will help achieve social equity and sustainability.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


1 2SA2167-T111-1C parts found for "2SA2167-T111-1C"
2SA2167-T111-1C is able to ship out same day. Paypal accepted, order online today!
Q: How To Order 2SA2167-T111-1C?
Q: How To Pay for 2SA2167-T111-1C?
Q: How Long Can I Get The 2SA2167-T111-1C?


Manufacturer of men's shoes & ladies' shoes, including sandal, causal shoes. We are creative, energetic, and response more quickly to custom's request.
Manufacturers B2B Directory - Zhupiter - manufacturers.zhupiter.com -- Ken-Bros Co., Ltd.


text:
Articles from May 2010
Key facts, figures from Game 2 of the Final
Game 2 of the Stanley Cup Final was nothing like Game 1 except for the result -- another Chicago victory.
Coach Q: Hawks must work for PP chances
Blackhawks coach Joel Quenneville said after analyzing the tape from Game 1 that his team has to work for their power plays. He was obviously hinting that they didn't work hard enough because they didn't draw any power-play opportunities. Read More...
Hartnell's huge effort goes to waste
Philadelphia's Scott Hartnell likely had his best game of the playoffs in Game 1 of the Stanley Cup Final. Read More...
Kopecky comes up big in his return to lineup
Tomas Kopecky raised his arms and pounded the glass with both hands five times as he let out a scream usually reserved for the United Center fans during "The Star-Spangled Banner."
Niemi able to shrug off lackluster Game 1
You could almost hear the San Jose Sharks sitting around their TVs watching Game 1 of the Stanley Cup Final asking each other the same question. Read More...
Hawks' don't feel short when killing penalties
The fans still boo lustily inside United Center whenever one of their beloved hometown Blackhawks heads to the penalty box. Read More...
Brouwer's strong game boosts confidence, Hawks
All Troy Brouwer wanted to do Saturday night was be ready at game time and build some confidence for the rest of the Stanley Cup Final.
Done. Read More...
Hawks' top line looks to pick up its play
It was a strange sight to behold. Jonathan Toews, standing at his locker after his Blackhawks won Game 1 of the Stanley Cup Final, looking like he had just single-handedly lost the game. Read More...
Toews sees room for improvement
Blackhawks captain Jonathan Toews didn't have the best night in Game 1. His club record 13-game scoring streak came to a screeching halt as he finished a minus-3 with only one shot on goal. But he also won 18 of 24 faceoffs and had nearly seven minutes of ice time in the third period when the Hawks were much better. Read More...
Ladd out for Blackhawks; Boucher dressing for Flyers
It was a pretty surreal scene in and around the dressing rooms at United Center Saturday morning as the Chicago Blackhawks and Philadelphia Flyers made final preparations hours before Game 1 of the Stanley Cup Final (8 p.m. ET, NBC, CBC, RDS). Read More...
AHL AND ITS CLUBS RAISE OVER $3 MILLION FOR CHARITABLE CAUSES IN 2009-10
SPRINGFIELD, Mass.-- The American Hockey League announced that more than $3 million was raised over the course of the 2009-10 season by the AHL and its 29 member clubs for donation to various charitable causes and relief funds across North America.
Fortunate phone call sparked Niemi's career
Before the Chicago Blackhawks had ever heard of Antti Niemi, a man named Matti Lehto made a call to his son Markus and said that he'd just seen a young goalie worth a look. Read More...
Hawks' captain Toews has a non-serious side too
Jonathan Toews' nickname, "Captain Serious," is one that fits him like an extra-large shirt on a man who could comfortably squeeze into a large. Read More...
Hawks, Flyers have gone from terrible to terrific in 3 years
The Philadelphia Flyers and Chicago Blackhawks will line up proudly on their respective blue lines Saturday night in the United Center as conference champions, Stanley Cup finalists and, based upon the only barometer that matters – the ability to win playoff games – the two best teams in the National Hockey League. Read More...
TWO GOALIES, TWO STORIES, ONE GOAL
The journey to the Stanley Cup Finals for the Chicago Blackhawks and Philadelphia Flyers includes two unlikely goaltenders – Antti Niemi and Michael Leighton. Both are products of the Blackhawks organization, but neither was expected to be where they are right now.
Hossa hoping this time he's hoisting Cup
By this point, Blackhawks forward Marian Hossa knows the drill like he knows how to pick teams as a free agent. Read More...
Rocky Wirtz and Flyers� owner Ed Snider to appear on �NHL Hour with Commissioner Gary Bettman�
And then there were two. The 2010 NHL Stanley Cup Final will feature two teams that are meeting in the Final series for the first time in their storied histories. Team owners, Rocky Wirtz of the Chicago Blackhawks and Ed Snider of the Philadelphia Flyers will be today's guests on NHL Hour With Commissioner Gary Bettman on NHL.com and SIRIUS XM Radio at 6 p.m. ET. Read More...
Rocky Wirtz, Ed Snider talk Cup Final on NHL Hour
While players from the Chicago Blackhawks and Philadelphia Flyers met Thursday with members of the media in the Windy City, the respective heads of the teams that will meet in the Stanley Cup Final made guest appearances on the NHL Hour With Commissioner Gary Bettman. Read More...
LOOK FOR HAMMY IN THE ROCKFORD AREA THIS SUMMER
Rockford, Ill.- Hammy Hog will be out and about at several locations in the Rock River Valley region over the next week. Read More...
GAME-WORN JERSEYS ON SALE NOW
Rockford, Ill.- A total of 38 Rockford IceHogs game-worn road jerseys from the 2009-10 season will be on sale throughout the summer. All jerseys will be auctioned through eBay with a start at $350. Pictures and descriptions will be posted on the IceHogs eBay store. Read More...
TEXAS AND HERSHEY TO MEET FOR THE CALDER CUP
The 2010 Calder Cup Finals is set and will pit the league's newest club against its most historic. After knocking off the Hamilton Bulldogs 4-2 on Wednesday night, the Texas Stars advanced to the Finals and will get an opportunity in unseat the defending Calder Cup Champion Hershey Bears. Read More...
Cup Final nothing new for Hossa and Pronger
Pop in a Stanley Cup DVD from any of the last four seasons and you'll find Marian Hossa and Chris Pronger among the highlighted players. They are All-Stars, franchise building blocks, and dominant players at their respective positions. Read More...
STARS-BULLDOGS READY FOR GAME 7
Hamilton, Ont.- It all comes down to one game in the American Hockey League's Western Conference Finals between the Texas Stars and Hamilton Bulldogs. Tied at three games apiece, Game 7 is set for Wednesday night at Copps Coliseum in Hamilton at 6:30 p.m. Read More...
Opponents have yet to find answer for 'Buff'
No matter what opponents have tried, nothing has kept Blackhawks power forward Dustin Byfuglien from making life miserable for goalies during the playoffs. Read More...
All Cup Final Games To Be Broadcast On Chicago's WGN Radio 720
In conjunction with Chicago's WGN Radio and the Chicago Cubs, the Chicago Blackhawks announced today that all 2010 Stanley Cup Final games will be broadcast on WGN Radio, the radio flagship of the Cubs and Blackhawks. Read More...
McCormick Foundation Teams with Blackhawks
The McCormick Foundation and Chicago Blackhawk Charities (CBC) are pleased to announce the creation of the Chicago Blackhawks Community Fund, a fund of the McCormick Foundation. Read More...
Keith keeps sense of humor despite lost teeth
Duncan Keith speaks with a heavy lisp now after seven teeth were knocked out by a puck on Sunday, followed by two hours in a dentist's chair on Monday. Read More...
Hawks, Flyers are unfamiliar foes for Final
The Flyers and Blackhawks are relative strangers to one another, having played only one regular-season game this, won by the Flyers, 3-2, on March 13. The only time Chicago and Philadelphia met in the playoffs previously was a 1971 Quarterfinals sweep by the Blackhawks. Read More...
THE FAR SIDE OF THE POND: The 2010 Stanley Cup Final: You Know Who I�m Picking, but Please Read Anyway
Let me say first off that I'm going to be picking the Chicago Blackhawks to end nearly 50 years of frustration and losing and pain to win their fourth Stanley Cup. It's a given. You knew this would happen. I haven't been calling them "my beloved Blackhawks" these past five years for nothing. If you just wanted to know who I was picking, you can stop reading this column right now. Read More...
SEASON TICKET RENEWAL DISCOUNT ENDS THIS WEEK
Rockford, Ill.- The Early Bird discount period for 2010-11 Rockford IceHogs season ticket renewals ends on Friday, May 28 at 5 p.m. Read More...
2010 STANLEY CUP FINAL TO BEGIN SATURDAY
NEW YORK (May 24, 2010) – The National Hockey League announced today the schedule for the 2010 Stanley Cup Final between the Western Conference champion Chicago Blackhawks and the Eastern Conference champion Philadelphia Flyers. Read More...
THE FAR SIDE OF THE POND: Winning the Sweep-stakes
What the 'Hawks are on the verge of doing is something I personally haven't seen them do before. I know I've written before that I've watched hockey on and off since the mid-80s, I really didn't start following the 'Hawks until 1997. For the next ten years, there weren't a lot of high points: basically, them making the playoffs in 2001 was it. So the incredible run they made in the playoff last year, and the glorious run they've put on this postseason have been the highlights of my 'Hawk fandom so far. Read More...
Injury to Ladd forced Hawks to adjust on fly
Blackhawks left wing Andrew Ladd laid a hit on Rob Blake just past the 10-minute mark in the first period Sunday and didn't return for the rest of Game 4. His injury was not disclosed by the team, though coach Joel Quenneville did say he expects that Ladd will be fine to play in the Stanley Cup Final, whenever it does begin. Read More...
2010 Stanley Cup Final To Start Saturday
The National Hockey League announced today the schedule for the 2010 Stanley Cup Final between the Western Conference champion Chicago Blackhawks and the Eastern Conference champion Philadelphia Flyers. Read More...
FORMER ICEHOGS HELP LIFT BLACKHAWKS INTO FINALS
For the first time in 18 years the Chicago Blackhawks are going to the Stanley Cup Finals, and the team has a distinct Rockford IceHogs flavor to it. Read More...
THE FAR SIDE OF THE POND: Cue the �Rocky� Music, because it�s Time for a Big Fight!
Home hasn't always been sweet for my beloved 'Hawks, and you have to figure San Jose will throw everything into this game to get back into this series. But the ramifications for potentially going up 3-0 this series are something worth fighting for. I'm primed and ready to go, filled with my favorite Chicken Carb and a beer or two. 'Hawks are undefeated this postseason when I eat my favorite sandwich and write one of these recaps, and yes, just like every other fan out there, I feel that the routine I do affects my beloved Blackhawks. Let's get this frakking party started! Read More...
Toews talks trophies, Blackhawks' resiliency
Jonathan Toews held his left arm behind his back for fear that he might graze the Clarence Campbell Trophy. Chicago's young captain didn't touch it, barely even looked at it, in fact. No need to, really. Read More...
Byfuglien's game marked by coming up big
Dustin Byfuglien continues to be huge for the Chicago Blackhawks, both literally and metaphorically. Read More...
Keith loses teeth, but shows plenty of heart
The chicklets came pouring out of his mouth, and one even got stuck in the back of his throat. Duncan Keith lost seven teeth in all, three on the top and four on the bottom, when the puck came off Patrick Marleau's stick and hit him square in the mouth. Read More...
Bolland atones for penalties with big plays
As he sat in the penalty box for the third time, Dave Bolland quietly vowed to make up for it during Friday night's Game 3 of the Western Conference Finals. Read More...
Byfuglien picks opportune moment to shine at home
Dustin Byfuglien's first-ever Stanley Cup Playoff goal at home couldn't have come at a better time. Read More...
Sharks try to stay optimistic after Game 3 loss
Todd McLellan broke up his Big Three on Friday night to eliminate the effectiveness of the Blackhawks checking line.
Hawks legends enjoying playoff run as well
Blackhawks legend Stan Mikita celebrated his 70th birthday on Thursday, then had another celebration Friday night at the United Center for Game 3 of the Western Conference Finals. Read More...
Blackhawks not getting caught up in Cup hype
Ever since they were kids wielding sticks on the neighborhood streets, on the frozen-over ponds or even on their own, man-made backyard rinks, guys like Duncan Keith, Patrick Sharp, Jonathan Toews and many others wearing the Indian head on their chest have pretended they were in the Stanley Cup Final. Read More...
Sharks must hit next gear to make final stand
While most of his teammates are talking about staying the course in Game 4 of the Western Conference Finals, San Jose captain Rob Blake said Saturday he doesn't think the Sharks have deserved anything but the 0-3 hole they find themselves in. Read More...
Sharp's play gives Blackhawks the edge
Patrick Sharp isn't quite sure if he's now a tried and true center or simply a winger who had to move into the middle to balance out the Chicago Blackhawks' top two lines. Read More...
OKLAHOMA CITY BARONS INTRODUCED AS AHL'S NEWEST TEAM
OKLAHOMA CITY, Okla.- Oklahoma City's American Hockey League team officially has a name: The Oklahoma City Barons. After an exhaustive process which included over 20,000 submissions and 3,000 individual names from hockey fans the city's newest hockey team now has an identity. Read More...
sweigand.wordpress.com: Bryan Bickell helps keep the Stanley Cup dream alive for Orono
Thanks to Bryan Bickell, there is a chance that the Stanley Cup will come to Orono. Bickell, an Orono native, is doing what nearly every Canadian kid dreams about: playing in the Stanley Cup playoffs. He's played for the Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League quite a lot over the past four years, but the last few games he's played have been like a dream come true. The last four games he's played for Chicago have been during the 2010 Stanley Cup playoffs. Read More...
Blackhawks aim for improvement at home
They're up two games to none on the San Jose Sharks in the Western Conference Finals, they're feeling good and now the Blackhawks must face their biggest detriment thus far in the 2010 Stanley Cup Playoffs. Read More...
Five factors for Game 3 of West Final
The Blackhawks enter Game 3 of the Western Conference Finals with a 2-0 lead in the best-of-seven series against the San Jose Sharks. Here are five things to look for when they meet Friday (8 p.m. ET, VERSUS, TSN, RDS) at United Center: Read More...
Kane says Hawks must step up home game
Patrick Kane sat at his locker stall after Thursday's fast-paced and short practice at United Center. When he glanced up, Kane saw he was surrounded by several television cameras, as well as reporters from every type of media. Read More...
DEPTH AND VERSITILE PLAY ARE KEY TO BYFUGLIEN'S SUCCESS
Expectations are not usually high for an eighth-round pick in the National Hockey League Entry Draft. So when Dustin Byfuglien joined the Chicago Blackhawks organization in 2003 by way of the #245 overall pick in the draft, it was probably something of a case of "let's see what develops."
HOCKEY CLUB T-SHIRTS 50% OFF UNTIL END OF MAY
Rockford, Ill.- The Rockford IceHogs want you to look good when you go on vacation this summer. To help you do that, the Rockford IceHogs Hockey Club t-shirt will be 50% off until the end of May.
THE FAR SIDE OF THE POND: The Wait is Almost Over
Truly, Tom Petty and his Heartbreakers had it right when they sang that the waiting is the hardest part. It'll be after 9pm local time before tonight's game starts, due to the fact that San Jose is two hours behind here. I'm starting to feel antsy, something that doesn't usually happen to me because, well, the game would have started by now. Read More...
Toews is glue on surging Blackhawks
Jonathan Toews' power-play goal roughly halfway through Game 2 wound up as winner in the Chicago Blackhawks' 4-2 victory at HP Pavilion on Tuesday night. The captain also added an assist on Dustin Byfuglien's goal 90 seconds earlier, and now has points in 11 consecutive games. He leads the NHL with 16 assists and 23 points. Read More...
Hawks tie record for road winning streak
Here's a good omen for Cup-starved Chicago fans: You're in good company after the Hawks extended their road winning streak in this year's playoffs to seven games with a 4-2 victory at San Jose on Tuesday night. Read More...
Bolland's checking is frustrating Sharks
Dave Bolland wants to know if Joe Thornton thought his glove was the puck. Why else would Thornton take a pretty good whack at his wrists before the official could even drop the puck for a faceoff? Read More...
HAWKS POST BIG WIN, RETURN HOME WITH 2-0 LEAD
Chicago, Ill.- The Chicago Blackhawks return home today from a nine-day road trip with a 2-0 lead over the San Jose Sharks in the National Hockey League's Western Conference Finals. Read More...
Hossa hoping he�ll break out offensively soon
Save for the crucial overtime winner he scored in Game 5 of the first round against Nashville, Chicago winger Marian Hossa has been pretty quiet in the playoffs. He's scored only twice on his 42 shots on goal and was 0-for-6 Sunday in Game 1 of the Western Conference Final. Read More...
For Campbell, boos can be motivational
A Shark for all of two months at the end of the 2007-08 season, Brian Campbell still incurred the wrath of his former fans in Game 1 Sunday. Every time the Chicago Blackhawks' defenseman touched the puck he was booed -- loudly.
For Blackhawks, simple game has led to road success
Chicago will try to win its seventh straight road game Tuesday at HP Pavilion in Game 2 of the Western Conference Finals. Several Blackhawks players feel their success in unfriendly atmospheres boils down to the simple fact that they play a different game than they do at home. Read More...
NIEMI GOES FROM OBSCURITY TO ROCK BETWEEN THE PIPES
As the Chicago Blackhawks continue another deep Stanley Cup Playoff run, goalie Antti Niemi continues to grow his mystique. Read More...
THE FAR SIDE OF THE POND: Our Iron Man is better than Yours!
Due to the Bruins-Flyers' series ending on Friday, I didn't have enough time to write a Conference Finals Picks' column, so here goes my predictions: 'Hawks in six, Flyers in seven. Read More...
Sharp hardly surprised by play of Hawks' goaltender
Chicago center Patrick Sharp is having himself quite the postseason, and he added to it with a big goal in Game 1 of the Western Conference Final on Sunday afternoon. Sharp scored the game-tying goal 7:44 into the second period and the Blackhawks went on to win, 2-1, behind Antti Niemi's 44 saves. Read More...
THE FAR SIDE OF THE POND: The Wink
Well, I got what I deserved when the 'Hawks lost Game 6. I thought I could get away with just eating my Chicken Carb, and since I was at a Mother's Day gathering, I couldn't write my usual diary. So much for that plan. I guess it's like with any hockey player's usual pre-game routine. You have to do every step, every time, or you feel like something's missing and you're usually off your game. I'd like to say it was the 'Hawks and their lackluster play, but you should know by now how near and dear I hold good luck routines to my heart. Read More...
Sharks' top line stymied by a bevy of Blackhawks
You have to get up pretty early in the morning if you want to stop Joe Thornton, Patrick Marleau and Dany Heatley. And thanks to a noon start Pacific Time, the Chicago Blackhawks were able to do just that. Read More...
Niemi holds off Sharks' second-period surge
He didn't even know how the puck got to Ryane Clowe at the right post, but Antti Niemi figured in a flash that he better stick out his glove hand to stop the shot coming off Clowe's stick. Read More...
Five factors for Game 1 of Hawks-Sharks series
Hawks and Sharks step into spotlight for Game 1
Much of North America will probably find themselves smacking their TV sets and double-checking their program guides after flipping on NBC on Sunday afternoon. Read More...
Olympic teammates become rivals
The San Jose Sharks had eight players take part in the 2010 Winter Olympics. The Chicago Blackhawks sent six players to Vancouver. Of those 14 players, nine were on the ice for the gold-medal game. Read More...
Hawks rely on shutdown unit to stifle Sharks
Having a shut-down checking line to pester the opposition's best scorers is a must during the Stanley Cup Playoffs. But Chicago Blackhawks coach Joel Quenneville says it's going to take more than just a three-man unit to shut down the Sharks' top line of Dany Heatley, Joe Thornton and Patrick Marleau. Read More...
Schedule Scenarios Announced For Western Conference Final
With nearly two rounds worth of sweat and surprises completed, the contenders for Lord Stanley's Cup is down to five teams, with the Stanley Cup Playoffs Conference Finals beginning May 16. Read More...
Mayor Daley Backs Blackhawks With Wager On Series With Sharks
Mayor Richard M. Daley today wagered a package of local food, drink and other products with the Mayor of San Jose on the success of the Chicago Blackhawks in the upcoming Western Conference Finals against the San Jose Sharks. Read More...
Hawks dominated Sharks in regular season
It's taken some time, but the Chicago Blackhawks finally figured out how to beat the San Jose Sharks. Read More...
Full Western Conference Final Schedule Released
The Chicago Blackhawks will launch their Western Conference Final series when they face off against the San Jose Sharks beginning at HP Pavilion on Sunday, May 16 at 2:00 P.M. (CT) and on Tuesday, May 18 at 9:00 P.M. (CT). Read More...
Shedd Aquarium salutes the Blackhawks
Home to more than 20 sharks in its award-winning Wild Reef exhibit, Shedd Aquarium knows all about facing off with sharks. But the San Jose Sharks are no match for either their sly predatory namesakes, or the NHL powerhouse Chicago Blackhawks! Read More...
Blackhawks Open Western Conference Final Against Sharks On Sunday
The Chicago Blackhawks will launch their Western Conference Final series when they face off against the San Jose Sharks beginning at HP Pavilion on Sunday, May 16 at 2:00 P.M. (CT). The complete Western Conference Final schedule will be announced by the National Hockey League on Friday. Read More...
ICEHOGS MERCHANDISE NOW AVAILABLE AT GQ SPORTS, WALGREENS
Rockford, Ill.- Rockford IceHogs merchandise is now available at GQ Sports inside CherryVale Mall and at six Walgreens locations in the Rockford area. Read More...
HAMILTON, TEXAS JOIN HERSHEY, MANCHESTER IN CALDER CUP FINAL FOUR
Rockford, Ill.- The Texas Stars became the final piece of the Conference Finals puzzle on Tuesday when they beat the Chicago Wolves in Game 7 of the West Division Finals at the Allstate Arena. The Stars will face the Hamilton Bulldogs in the best-of-seven Western Conference championship beginning on Friday at Copps Coliseum in Ontario. Read More...
BLACKHAWKS ADVANCE TO WESTERN CONFERENCE FINALS FOR THE SECOND CONSECUTIVE YEAR
Vancouver, BC-The Chicago Blackhawks have advanced to the 2010 Western Conference Finals with a 5-1 win over the Vancouver Canucks on Tuesday night at GM Place. The victory secured a 4-games-to-2 series win over the Canucks, and a meeting with the San Jose Sharks in the Conference Finals. San Jose will host Games 1 and 2, with dates and times to be determined. Read More...
Blackhawks Advance To Western Conference Final For Second Consecutive Year
The Chicago Blackhawks have advanced to the 2010 Western Conference Finals with a 5-1 win over the Vancouver Canucks on Tuesday night at GM Place. The victory secured a 4-games-to-2 series win over the Canucks, and a meeting with the San Jose Sharks in the Conference Finals. San Jose will host Games 1 and 2, with dates and times to be determined. Read More...
Hawks ready for Sharks after polishing off Vancouver
The Chicago Blackhawks will prepare for the Western Conference Final in Northern California this week with a bit of a swagger knowing they had the San Jose Sharks' number during the regular season. Read More...
Second-period dominance led to Hawks' Game 6 win
Chicago didn't do anything different or better in the second period Tuesday night. The Blackhawks mainly just kept the pressure on the Canucks and their goalie, Roberto Luongo, who was awesome through the first 20 minutes. Read More...
'Captain Serious' cracks a smile after Hawks' win
Chicago's Captain Serious was so pleased with his team's effort Tuesday night that he even cracked a smile in front of the media. Read More...
Seabrook focused on task at hand
This city and GM Place will always hold a special place in Brent Seabrook's heart, and it's not just because he's from nearby Richmond, B.C. This is where the Blackhawks' defenseman experienced the greatest time of his hockey life by winning gold with Canada at the 2010 Olympics. Read More...
BOOSTER CLUB TO RAISE MONEY FOR CANCER SOCIETY ON MAY 17
Rockford, Ill.– Join the Rockford IceHogs Booster Club to raise money for cancer research at Buffalo Wild Wings on E. State St. on May 17. Read More...
Unexpectedly quiet night for Blackhawks, fans
Several Blackhawks players talked about wanting to end this Western Conference Semifinal series on Sunday night just so they didn't have to climb aboard the team's charter plane again on Monday for a four-hour flight back to Vancouver. Read More...
Campbell: 'We didn't come through'
Before Sunday night's Game 5 against Vancouver in this Western Conference Semifinal series, the Blackhawks talked a lot about ending it with a win and not letting the Canucks up off the mat. Read More...
Blackhawks' play at United Center taking wind out of home fans
After 11 games in the 2010 Stanley Cup Playoffs, people are starting to wonder if the Blackhawks still enjoy playing in the Windy City.
Or do they enjoy it too much? Read More...
Blackhawks hoping for extended stay out west
Go ahead and call them optimists.
The Chicago Blackhawks players, coaches and team personnel arrived for Monday's charter flight wheeling full bags onto the runway. They were prepared for more than just an overnight trip to Vancouver for Game 6 Tuesday (9:30 p.m. ET, VERSUS, CBC, RDS). Read More...
Byfuglien plans to stay right in front of Canucks' net
The most hated man in British Columbia strolled off the plane at O'Hare International Airport on Saturday afternoon wearing a tan suit, a smile and cool shades. Read More...
Toews: We're at ease and ready for Game 5
The Blackhawks were loose this morning, and why shouldn't they be? They're up 3-1 in this Western Conference Semifinal round series against Vancouver and can close out the Canucks in front of what should be a raucous crowd at United Center Sunday night (8 p.m. ET, VERSUS, CBC, RDS). Read More...
Blackhawks want to end it vs. Canucks Sunday
Blackhawks forward Adam Burish has several reasons for wanting to end this Western Conference Semifinal against Vancouver Sunday night in Game 5 at the United Center (8 p.m. ET, VERSUS, CBC, RDS). Read More...
Canucks must find Jekyll, ditch Hyde for Game 5
Shane O'Brien, the guilty party in two cross-checking penalties early in Game 4, believes the Vancouver Canucks have spent so much time worrying about the Chicago Blackhawks that they have forgotten one very important fact. Read More...
Blackhawks captain in the zone on record-tying night
It's a good sign it's going to be your night when the other team is setting you up for power-play goals. Read More...
Sharp plays sidekick with four-point night
While Chicago Blackhawks captain Jonathan Toews was tying franchise records, Patrick Sharp was having one of the more under-the-radar four-point nights in the Stanley Cup Playoffs. Read More...
Lack of discipline once again costs Canucks
Any time Daniel Sedin is going to the penalty box twice in a 48-second span, something is extremely wrong in the world of the Vancouver Canucks. Read More...
TEN FORMER ICEHOGS STILL PLAYING FOR CALDER OR STANLEY CUP
Rockford, Ill.- 11 former Rockford IceHogs have played in this season's Stanley Cup playoffs, including nine for the Chicago Blackhawks. Two other former IceHogs have played in the 2010 Calder Cup playoffs. Read More...
THE FAR SIDE OF THE POND: It�s Not the Size of the Fight in the Dog, it�s the Size of the Brain in the Dog
Either the fans are waving white towels, or they all have hankies to dry their teary eyes when the 'Hawks beat up on their favorite team. Wishful thinking. Read More...
Toews makes most of adding Byfuglien to his line
Jonathan Toews made the most of having Dustin Byfuglien on his line Wednesday night, picking up assists on all three of Byfuglien's goals in the Chicago Blackhawks' 5-2 victory against the Vancouver Canucks on Wednesday night. Read More...
Comcast SportsNet Sets New All-Time Blackhawks Ratings Record For Game 3 Coverage
Comcast SportsNet, the television home for the most comprehensive Chicago Blackhawks Stanley Cup Playoffs coverage in HD, delivered its highest Blackhawks rating ever last evening (May 5) -- a 10.14 household rating for its live coverage of the Blackhawks Game 3 second round victory over the Vancouver Canucks. Read More...
Luongo says Canucks have to respond
Roberto Luongo had to put up with more than just a barrage of shots from the Chicago Blackhawks in Game 3. After a two-game absence from the front of the net, Dustin Byfuglien finally paid him a visit. Read More...
Canucks' losing battles in front of both nets
Roberto Luongo was defiant Thursday morning when it came time talk about what the Canucks have done wrong in the last two losses to the Chicago Blackhawks that have turned their 1-0 series lead into a 2-1 deficit. Read More...
BLACKHAWKS CITY ROAD WATCH PARTY COMES TO ROCKFORD
Rockford, Ill.- The Rockford IceHogs, in conjunction with the Chicago Blackhawks, announced Thursday that Tilted Kilt in Rockford will host a Chicago Blackhawks City Road Watch Party on Friday night for the Hawks Western Conference Semifinals Game 4 against the Vancouver Canucks. Read More...
FORMER ICEHOGS PACE BLACKHAWKS IN GAME 3
Vancouver, BC- Kris Versteeg started the scoring early and Dustin Byfuglien kept it going, and going, and going. The combo, along with goalie Antti Niemi, helped lead the Chicago Blackhawks to a 5-2 win over the Vancouver Canucks on Wednesday in Game 3 of the Western Conference Semifinals. Read More...
rockrivertimes.com: Tales from the Trough: IceHogs 2009-10 season recap
The 2009-10 season for the Rockford IceHogs was a season filled with ups and down, records that were eclipsed, and hearts that were broken. Read More...
O'Brien says Canucks have to be tougher in Game 3
Chicago forward Adam Burish said before Game 2 that the best way to rattle Vancouver goaltender Roberto Luongo was to run him or to spray snow in his face. Read More...
THE FAR SIDE OF THE POND: Okay, so we'll Spot you a 2-0 lead, and Then. . .
It was only one game, I keep telling myself. Only one frakking game. Read More...
Niemi performs his latest bounce-back act
He's making it a habit and Blackhawks fans continue to wonder just how goalie Antti Niemi continues to pick himself up off the mat after poor performances to shine the next time out. Read More...
Versteeg leaves them cheering in the end
The fan at the top row of the upper deck kept shouting as loud as he could at Kris Versteeg, despite not having a prayer of the Blackhawks forward hearing a single word.
"Get off the ice, Versteeg!" he screamed. "You're terrible!" Read More...
Luongo sees potential 2-0 lead slip away
Roberto Luongo's Game 2 was looking pretty similar to his outing Saturday in the series opener. He made save after save against the onslaught of the Chicago Blackhawks on Monday night at United Center, but this time it wouldn't be enough. Read More...
THE FAR SIDE OF THE POND: Not So Much My Fault as it was the Lazy 'Hawks
I decided not to write a running playoff diary for Game 1 of the 'Hawks Western Conference Semifinals series against the Vancouver Canucks because, for once, I wanted to just sit back and enjoy the game. Read More...
ICEHOGS SET 111 TEAM RECORDS IN 2009-10
Rockford, Ill.- With the 2009-10 season in the books for the Rockford IceHogs, the team's Communications Department has sifted through the statistics and have counted 111 new records set or matched by this year's club. Read More...
Hawks Have To Regroup After Game 1 Loss
The puck barely squirted through the legs of Roberto Luongo and the sound of the Fratellis' "Chelsea Dagger" filled the cavernous United Center. Read More...
Blackhawks See Need For More Heart And Smarts
They had a night to think about it, and then the Chicago Blackhawks showed up to the United Center on Saturday morning still feeling pretty lousy. Read More...
Hawks Coy, Quiet About Byfuglien's Role in Game 2
The gamesmanship of playoff hockey is in full swing at the United Center, and once again the focus is directed squarely on the massive shoulders of 6-foot-4, 257-pound Dustin Byfuglien. Read More...
Hawks Could Push Envelope In Bothering Luongo
Canucks goaltender Roberto Luongo has looked relaxed and comfortable in his crease during the Stanley Cup Playoffs. Blackhawks forward Adam Burish gave a pretty honest answer Monday morning when asked what his team could do to throw Luongo off his game. Read More...


Mitie Waste Management has won five Green Apple Awards - a gold, two silver and two bronze - for environmental best practice, working with clients at Network Rail, Parkdean Resorts, Belmond Le Manoir aux Quat'Saisons and JLL. Its success highlights its expertise as well as the commitment of its people to go beyond client specification and deliver excellence to set a new bar for best practice.
The Green Apple Awards began in 1994 and are established as the country's major recognition for environmental endeavour among companies, councils, communities and countries. Competition is tough, with more than 500 other nominations in the Green Apple Awards for Environmental Best Practice.
Gold: Working with JLL at its Maggs House site, the team changed the number of bins to make the depositing of waste by tenants easier, whilst educating them around recycling, segregation and the wider waste management process.
Silver: Raymond Blanc's Belmond Le Manoir aux Quat'Saisons (pictured) wanted to ensure it was leading the way in waste management, diverting as much as possible from landfill and exploring ways waste could be given a new purpose, from food waste to candles or soap. Mitie's team set up a learning and development programme encouraging a change of behaviours so that as much waste as possible could be segregated as it was disposed of. A year on, and the boutique hotel and restaurant no longer sends any waste to landfill.
Silver: The team installed an anaerobic food digester at Network Rail's head office in Milton Keynes to deal with the 120 tonnes of food waste every year. Food scrapings are now broken down into valuable biomass in about 12 hours and waste disposal has decreased to 24 tonnes per year: a reduction of 80%.
Bronze: At Parkdean Resorts, the overall recycling rate was just 9%. Mitie set about introducing and increasing recycling services on sites, educating staff and producing bespoke recycling signs across Parkdean's 72 holiday parks. In the first eight months, the volume of recycling has increased each month with the largest site in South Wales achieving a recycling rate over 60% with further initiatives also being introduced.
Bronze: At Four Seasons Shopping Centre in Mansfield, JLL wanted retailers to take responsibility for their waste, but again, education was key as well as offering better facilities. Mitie's team worked with both the client and the retailers to increase the recycling rate by 17.3% which also saved of over £5,000.
"It's superb for our work to be recognised like this as these awards are a real benchmark for environment best practice and we are honoured to represent the UK at the Green World Awards 2019," said Michael Taylor, managing director, Mitie Waste Management.
"Recycling and sustainability is all about common sense, not rocket science. Simply by helping our clients educate their end users, we can all contribute to a greener planet."
Founded in 1987, Mitie is one of the UK's leading facilities management and professional services companies. It offers a range of specialist services including security, engineering services, catering, cleaning landscaping, energy and property consultancy, and custody support services.
Mitie employs 49,000 people across the country, looking after a large, diverse, blue-chip customer base, from banks and retailers, to hospitals, schools and government offices. It takes care of its customers' people and buildings, by delivering the basics brilliantly and by deploying advanced technology. It is pioneering the Connected Workspace, using smart analytics to provide valuable insight and deliver efficiencies to create outstanding work environments for customers.


You probably keep an eye on your consumption of protein, carbs and fat, but what about vitamins? While a well-balanced diet is key to athletic performance and physique transformations, you could be missing out on some important vitamins and minerals that may give you the fitness edge you've been looking for. Vitamins and minerals are important for various body and cellular functions in and out of the gym. A deficiency in any one compound could put you off your game. Incorporating more of these nutrients in your daily routine could improve your body's ability to use nutrients and gain from tough workouts.
Not sure where you're lacking? Simply asking your doctor for a prescription for routine bloodwork is a great place to start. In the meantime, cover your bases with a quality multivitamin and mineral geared toward active women.
What it does for you: Not only is calcium important for building and maintaining strong bones, but it's also required for energy metabolism and muscle contraction. Because your body doesn't produce calcium on its own, getting enough calcium from the foods you eat or via supplementation is important. If your diet is lacking calcium and you're physically active, your body will leach calcium from your bones, which can lead to osteoporosis.
Though dietary calcium is not considered a performance-enhancing mineral, it does make sense that lacking calcium in your diet could leave you more prone to injury.
How much you need daily: Aim for a total of 1,000 milligrams of calcium per day for women 50 and younger and 1,200 milligrams for women older than 51.
Best food sources: Other than milk, good sources of calcium include collard greens, kale, bok choy and sardines.
What it does for you: Zinc is involved in cellular metabolism, energy production, hormonal production and balance, protein synthesis, body composition and enhanced physical performance. A zinc deficiency could directly affect strength and fitness by causing an excessive loss in bodyweight, fatigue and reduced endurance.
How much you need daily: Adequate levels of zinc for active women 18 years or older is 18 milligrams per day.
Best food sources: Zinc is found in large concentrations in meat, seafood and dairy, putting those following a vegetarian or vegan diet at a greater risk of deficiency.
Feeling overly tired or exhausted? Can't foster the energy even for a workout? You might be deficient in iron. Iron deficiency anemia is common in women, especially those who are physically active, but most don't know they're deficient.
What it does for you: Iron is an essential mineral found in red blood cells that helps transport oxygen throughout the body. If you're lacking iron, your body will have a hard time making enough red blood cells, and if there are not enough of those, you'll end up fatigued because of a lack of oxygen in the body.
For female athletes, an iron deficiency could mean poor performance, tiring out too quickly and an impaired immune system.
Best food sources: Even if your diet is high in iron-rich foods (including beef, turkey, beans and spinach), it's a good idea to consider a low-dose ferrous-form iron supplement. For better absorption, take vitamin C, as well.
While the essential mineral chromium has not been shown to boost performance or fat loss, it is often deficient in athletes due to a lack of chromium-rich foods in the diet. Because of this, supplementing with chromium is not a bad idea.
What it does for you: Chromium is an insulin cofactor that helps transport branched-chain amino acids into the muscle. Without it, you could be at risk for uncontrolled blood sugar and insulin resistance. A chromium deficiency will leave you feeling sluggish, fatigued, weak, moody and anxious.
Best food sources: Broccoli, potatoes, green beans and whole grains (among others) are great sources of chromium.
What they do for you: Thiamin, riboflavin and vitamin B6 are required for energy production, while folate and B12 are required for red blood cell production and repair. Though B vitamins are not considered an ergogenic aid (performance enhancer), there is research suggesting that dieting and exercising may increase the requirements for thiamin, riboflavin and vitamin B6 specifically.
Best food sources: To boost B vitamins, opt for more leafy green veggies and animal proteins (for B12) in your diet.
What it does for you: Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that has its hand in a number of physiological functions in the body, including strengthening bones by helping the body absorb calcium, improving immune function, and reducing and controlling blood pressure. It also can possibly even help you lose weight. While the jury is still out on the research surrounding vitamin D and exercise performance, there is promising evidence that vitamin D can boost muscular recovery postworkout, improve muscle weakness and reduce risk of injury.
Vitamin D deficiency is more common than you think. In fact, there's a good chance you're deficient in vitamin D. This will affect your overall health, athletic performance and recovery. If you feel you may be deficient or have been diagnosed as vitamin-D deficient, taking 1,000 IUs per day is a great starting point to increase D levels without risk of taking in too much. Getting exact numbers from routine bloodwork will show whether you have a deficiency, and then your health-care professional can advise you on how much vitamin D you should be taking per day. If you are not deficient in vitamin D, 600 IUs daily is sufficient to maintain healthy vitamin-D levels.
Best food sources: The best way to get vitamin D is exposure to sunlight and vitamin-D-rich foods, including fish, eggs, fish oil, vitamin-D-fortified dairy and fortified cereals.


There are a rather fair number of bird breeds that are part of the song or cage birds category. A few of these are the canaries, pigeons, finches, doves and ravens. All these breeds are pretty old; pigeons for example have been used not only for food, but also for sending messages written on paper back in the days when there was no other way of message transmission.


How does Float get my starting balance?
The historic opening/closing balances in Float are calculated from the current 'Total Cash' figure.
The way this works is by taking the balance as of today and working backwards adding/subtracting the reconciled transactions. As Float only imports the reconciled/matched transactions if there are any unreconciled these won't show in Float and won't be included in the historic calculation.
This can lead to the historic balances displayed in Float differing from those shown in the accounting software however once things are fully reconciled the calculation ties everything together.
How do unreconciled/unmatched transactions impact Float?


DOUBLE TROUBLE now available at Smashwords again.
This edition contains the two first Simon Grant Mysteries: Hiding the Elephant and Lock Up Your Daughters.
Set in Northamptonshire, they feature Detective Inspector (soon to become Detective Chief Inspector) Simon Grant,based in Wellingborough and mostly dealing with the rural areas of the county.Unlike his serene environment, Grant life and loves are complex and turbulent and the brutal crimes that he's solving never fail to grate against one or another of his sore spots.
Written in literary style, the novels and story lines appeal to readers who enjoy immersing themselves in an opulent, lush human drama.


text:
BCN Group
At BCN Group, we offer a fantastic opportunity for you to develop your career in a fast-paced and hard-working, yet relaxed and fun environment.
See Our Current Vacancies
As one of the fastest-growing IT companies in the North, we're constantly recruiting new talent.
We currently have a team of over 100 talented individuals who strive for success. Everyone is dedicated to delivering a first-class service in IT for our customers.
If you're passionate about IT and want to help businesses grow, then you'll be a great fit here at BCN Group. Check out the latest opportunities we currently have available.
Sage Business Systems Consultant
Leeds, Manchester and Chorley
Sage Business Development Manager
Senior Infrastructure Projects Engineer
Junior Technical Installations Engineer
1st Line Support Technician
What We Offer to Our Team
Constantly Investing in Your Development
At BCN Group, we give the entire team the opportunity to progress their careers, develop and drive the business forward. That's our commitment to you.
Enjoy Enviable Benefits
We understand that when your lifestyle suffers, your work can too. It's why we offer a range of benefits to keep your work and personal lives enjoyable.
All About Our Staff
We don't just prioritise customer satisfaction. We also focus on our employees' happiness, whether it's by providing additional training, team building or support - both in and out of the office.
A Winning Mentality
As an IT industry leader, everyone at BCN Group is immensely proud of our national and regional achievements, including recognition in intelligence, talent and teamwork.
Advocating a Healthy Lifestyle
We're big advocates of maintaining a healthy lifestyle. It's why we take care of the BCN Group team both inside and outside of the workplace.
How we do business at BCN Group all boils down to our core values. They pave the way for our employees to succeed and the business to grow - they're embedded into our everyday processes.
Find out more about who we are
Why Work at BCN Group?
At BCN Group, one of our biggest priorities internally is to hire talented and dedicated employees who can add great value to the team and all of our customers.
Having a fast-paced, fun and exciting environment means we're constantly on the lookout for skilled individuals who will fit in perfectly with our culture, help preserve it and be a part of the blueprint to help shape the company moving forward.
So, it's only fair that we offer enviable benefits along the way that make BCN Group a fun, friendly and enjoyable place to work.
We offer a brilliant healthcare scheme, offering our staff members the chance to work flexible hours along with group life insurance. We also put genuine importance on developing our staff. We have continued staff development programmes in place to understand your strengths and weaknesses so we can all keep improving.
Not only that, but we also offer a private pension, childcare vouchers, a corporate gym membership and also Tastecard restaurant discounts. What's not to love?


text:
La littérature lusophone rassemble l'ensemble de la littérature écrite en langue portugaise.

La lusophonie fédère tous les pays ayant le portugais pour langue officielle : Communauté des pays de langue portugaise (CPLP) d'environ  en 2019.

Histoire

La genèse de la littérature lusophone est étroitement liée à l'expansion et à l'empire portugais. Partout où ils vont, les Portugais emportent avec eux leur langue et leur patrimoine culturel, qu'ils enrichissent au fil de leurs découvertes. En raison des liens étroits qui unissent les colons à leur métropole, et de leurs va-et-vient constants entre les Indes portugaises, le Brésil, l'Afrique portugaise, les îles de l'Atlantique et la métropole, la littérature élaborée outre-mer appartient pleinement à la littérature du Portugal. Pendant plusieurs siècles, l'Empire portugais est conçu culturellement comme un tout, dont le centre de gravité est Lisbonne. Les auteurs écrivant outre-mer sont euro-centrés.

Jusqu'au premier quart du  pour le Brésil, et jusqu'à la seconde moitié du  pour les anciennes colonies d'Afrique et d'Asie, on parle de littérature portugaise du Brésil colonial (ou luso-brésilienne), de littérature portugaise de l'Orient (ou indo-portugaise), de littérature portugaise d'Afrique (luso-africaine), chacune de ces littératures étant un prolongement et une ramification de la littérature du Portugal. Parce qu'ils sont simplement la toile de fond d'histoires et d'évènements vécus par des Portugais (ou d'individus se revendiquant comme tels), les territoires et les sociétés coloniales de l'Empire ne possèdent pas à proprement parler d'identité littéraire propre. Les plus grands écrivains installés dans ces territoires continuent à être formés ou affiliés au Portugal, où ils se rendent régulièrement, et où ils publient. Les auteurs de référence, les mouvements dominants et les normes sont toujours imposés depuis le Portugal.

Des genres littéraires liés aux immenses trajets effectués dans l'Empire se développent, tels que le récit de voyage, ou la littérature tragico-maritime. Le résultat de ce phénomène est double. D'une part, la littérature portugaise de la période moderne est une littérature d'envergure mondiale. Elle présente une richesse exceptionnelle. D'autre part, une partie importante de la littérature du Portugal sert aujourd'hui de facto de base aux littératures des autres pays lusophones.

Parmi ces écrivains portugais évoluant ou nés dans l'Empire, on peut citer João de Barros, Fernão Mendes Pinto, Luís de Camões, Diogo do Couto, Garcia da Orta et Manuel Godinho de Erédia pour les Indes, et Pero Vaz de Caminha, Gregório de Matos, Basílio da Gama et Cláudio Manuel da Costa pour le Brésil. Bien que très liés à la littérature métropolitaine, quelques particularismes commencent à apparaître au , avec d'une part une activité littéraire amérindienne et asiatique orale encouragée et consignée par les jésuites, et d'autre part des thèmes propres à la société coloniale ou à la réalité extérieure environnante. Voyageant entre le Portugal et le Brésil, les poètes Tomás António Gonzaga, Cláudio Manuel da Costa et Basílio da Gama empruntent certains de leurs thèmes aux Amérindiens (dans le cadre des luttes contre les Amérindiens), tout en les adaptant aux réformes du marquis de Pombal et à l'encyclopédisme en vigueur en métropole.

Quelques mouvements séparatistes émergent dans des provinces de l'Empire à la fin du , en raison de problèmes de taxes ou de représentativité dans les institutions coloniales, sans toutefois que ceux-ci se réclament à proprement parler d'une nationalité brésilienne ou indo-portugaise, ou qu'ils entraînent la naissance d'une littérature différenciée. Les plus connus de ces mouvements sont la conjuration des Pintos à Goa, en Inde (1787), et la conjuration Mineira, dans le Minas Gerais, au Brésil (1789). Leurs meneurs restent culturellement portugais, et écrivent avec des repères métropolitains. À titre d'exemple, le poète Tomás António Gonzaga, l'un des meneurs de conjuration Mineira, est né à Porto, au Portugal. Lui, les conjurés Inácio José de Alvarenga Peixoto et Manuel Inácio da Silva Alvarenga ont tous fait leurs études à l'université de Coimbra et une carrière administrative au Portugal avant de basculer vers le Brésil, où ils se révoltent avec d'autres colons portugais contre les excès fiscaux du régime colonial. La majorité d'entre eux finissent leur vie en exil dans les provinces portugaises d'Afrique.

Du point de vue de la langue, des thématiques, du style et des mouvements dans lesquels elles s'inscrivent, leurs œuvres restent profondément portugaises et tributaires des normes de la métropole. Le Brésil et l'école autochtone révolutionnaire de Minas renouvellent l'inspiration poétique portugaise en vigueur en métropole faite de passion et de nostalgie de liberté. La littérature brésilienne commence à s'émanciper doucement de la littérature portugaise au , après la reconnaissance de l'indépendance du Brésil par le Portugal en 1825. Elle prend véritablement son autonomie au terme d'un siècle de gestation, au début du , avec le modernisme (1922).

On retrouve sensiblement le même phénomène au  en Afrique portugaise, où la langue et la culture portugaises s'imposent par le biais des colons venus du Portugal. Toutefois, bien que constituant la majorité de l'élite lettrée, les Blancs sont très minoritaires démographiquement. On assiste à l'émergence d'une littérature créole au Cap-Vert dans la première moitié du , avec par exemple l'autodidacte Eugénio Tavares, et surtout d'une littérature noire de combat singulière à partir des années 1950 en Afrique australe, la place des Noirs africains étant centrale dans les mouvements d'émancipation nationale (contrairement à ce qui s'était passé au Brésil où les indépendantistes et les écrivains autochtones étaient très majoritairement Blancs et d'origine portugaise jusqu'à la fin du ).

Parmi ces premiers écrivains noirs africains d'Afrique australe, on peut citer Mário Pinto de Andrade et Agostinho Neto pour l'Angola, Albino Magaia et Paulina Chiziane pour le Mozambique. La couleur de peau n'ayant alors que peu d'importance dans le contexte littéraire, des écrivains blancs ou métis, nés en Afrique, et se considérant Africains, se battent également contre la dictature de l'Estado Novo et les guerres coloniales, et restent en Afrique après les indépendances. Imprégnés de culture africaine, et soucieux de la réalité environnante, ils ont par la suite une place déterminante dans l'émergence de la littérature des PALOP. Parmi eux, on peut notamment citer Arlindo Barbeitos et José Luandino Vieira en Angola, Sérgio Frusoni, Ovídio Martins et Arménio Vieira au Cap Vert, le Mozambicain José Craveirinha, un métis luso-africain, et surtout Mia Couto, fils de colons portugais, l'un des plus grands écrivains actuels du Mozambique.

Du fait de cette histoire particulière et du corpus littéraire considérable qu'ils partagent, des liens culturels singuliers, remarquablement vivants, unissent aujourd'hui les pays lusophones. Des écrivains lusophones de toutes nationalités sont régulièrement lus et étudiés dans les programmes scolaires des différents pays de langue portugaise, ou invités dans leurs grands médias. Depuis 1989, le très prestigieux prix Camões, remis conjointement par la Fondation Bibliothèque Nationale du Portugal et Ministère de la Culture du Brésil, récompense les auteurs de langue portugaise hors critères de nationalité. Le cadre institutionnel et linguistique dans lequel évolue la littérature lusophone est également bien structuré. Un projet d'uniformisation de la langue portugaise, visant à modifier l'orthographe de plusieurs centaines de mots, a vu le jour en 1990 sous le nom officiel de « accord orthographique de la langue portugaise ». Ratifié au long des années 1990 et 2000 par tous les pays lusophones, et complété par un « second protocole modificatif », il est techniquement en vigueur suivant le droit international depuis le . Depuis 1996, la Communauté des pays de langue portugaise (CPLP) regroupe tous les pays lusophones.

Du fait de l'expansion maritime du Portugal et de l'émigration continue qui s'est ensuivie, la littérature portugaise comprend l'ensemble des œuvres écrites par des auteurs de nationalité portugaise, affiliés au Portugal, et/ou écrivant en langue portugaise, quel que soit leur lieu de naissance (en métropole ou dans l'Empire), leur confession religieuse, leur degré de métissage et le lieu où a été rédigée leur œuvre. Prise ici au sens de « Belles Lettres », la littérature portugaise englobe la poésie, le théâtre et la prose littéraire (contes, romans divers, essais, lettres, nouvelles, récits de voyages, sermons, pamphlets, histoires tragico-maritimes, journaux intimes, etc.), mais exclut les ouvrages purement scientifiques, philosophiques et historiques.
 Liste d'écrivains portugais par ordre alphabétique
 Écrivains portugais par genre

Langue portugaise
Le galaïco-portugais, matrice du galicien (au nord du Portugal) et du portugais, est la langue de prestige au Moyen-Âge dans la région.

La  mériterait une place particulière, qu'on soit ou non partisan du réintégrationnisme : voir .

Le latin et le néo-latin, longtemps utilisés dans les domaines religieux, scientifique, juridique, ont favorisé une production importante de textes, abordée ailleurs : écrivains portugais de langue latine.

Les autres langues utilisées sur le territoire (entièrement ou partiellement) de l'actuel Portugal ne sont pas non plus traitées ici : arabe (de la période arabo-musulmane, 711-1492), hébreu (judéo-portugais, au moins jusqu'en 1496), langues d'anciennes entités provinciales (Lusitanie, Galicie), ou étatiques (Royaume suève (410-584), Royaume wisigoth (418-711)), ou encore des peuplements plus anciens parlant lusitain, tartessien, ou autres langues paléo-hispaniques.

1100-1450 : Moyen-Âge
 Rubriques de catégorie :
 , ou troubadourisme

 Paio Soares de Taveirós (Première moitié du )
 João Soares de Paiva (1140-ap. 1216)
 Denis  de Portugal (1261-1325)
 Fernão Lopes (1378-1459)
 Gomes Eanes de Zurara (1410-1474)
 Cantigas de Santa María (1250c)
  (1262), en judéo-portugais
 Cantiga de amigo (1280c)
 O livro de José de Arimateia
 Livro de Falcoaria, Livro da Montaria
 Ensinança de Bem Cavalgar Toda Sela, Real Conselheiro , O Livro da Virtuosa Benfeitoria

1500 : Humanisme et Renaissance
 Synthèses : , Sébastianisme
 Tchiloli, forme théâtrale musicale et dansée

Auteurs
 Rui de Pina (1440-1520), diplomate, chroniqueur
 Pero Vaz de Caminha (1450-1500), compagnon de Pedro Álvares Cabral, auteur de la Lettre à Manuel Ier (roi de Portugal)
  (v1450-v1515), humaniste, poète
 Gil Vicente (1465-1537), dramaturge
 Garcia de Resende (1470-1536), poète, chroniqueur, musicien, architecte,  (1516)
 Duarte Barbosa (1480-1521), voyageur, compagnon de Fernand de Magellan, Livro de Duarte Barbosa
 Sá de Miranda (1481-1558), poète
 Bernardim Ribeiro (1482-1552), poète, romancier, Mémoires d'une jeune fille triste (1554)
 António Galvão (1490-1557), colonisateur, écrivain voyageur
 Gaspar Correia (1496-1563), historien
 João de Barros (1496-1570), historien, Rhopicapneuma, Décadas da Asia
 Gonçalo Anes Bandarra (1500-1556), astrologue, prophète, Trovas
 Fernão Lopes de Castanheda (1500-1559), explorateur et historien
 Francisco de Moraes (1500-1572), secrétaire d'ambassade, romancier, Palmerin d'Angleterre (1547)
 André de Resende (1500-1573), religieux, humaniste
 Damião de Góis (1502-1574), philosophe
 Fernão Mendes Pinto (1509 (ou 1511) - 1583), aventurier, explorateur, romancier,
 Diogo de Teive (humaniste) (1514c-1569)
  (1515-1585), dramaturge
 Francisco de Holanda (1517-1585), architecte, humaniste
 Luís de Camões (1525 - 1580), poète, Les Lusiades (1556-1572)
 António Ferreira (1528-1569), poète
 Jerónimo Corte-Real (1530-1588), poète
 Luís Pereira Brandão (1530/1540-v. 1590)
 Diogo do Couto (1542-1616), historien, indianiste, Soldat expérimenté
 Manuel Godinho de Erédia (1563-1623), cartographe, cosmographe
 Baltasar Dias, poète et dramaturge

1600 : Baroque, Classicisme et Lumières
 Synthèses : Lumières portugaises,
 Francisco Rodrigues Lobo (1580-1622), poète
  (1600-1664), poète, dramaturge, Malaca Conquistada
 Manuel da Costa (1601-1667), jésuite, moraliste, L'Arte de furtar
 Francisco Manuel de Melo (1608-1666), poète, moraliste, dramaturge, L'Apprenti gentilhomme, Carta de Guia de Casados (1651)
 Antonio Vieira (1608 - 1697), prédicateur
 António Barbosa Bacelar (1610-1663), poète
 Gregório de Matos (1636-1696), poète
 Sœur Mariana Alcoforado (1640-1723), religieuse, auteure présumée des Lettres portugaises (voir Gabriel de Guilleragues)
 Manuel Bernardes (1644-1710), prédicateur
 António José da Silva (1705-1739), dramaturge, nouvelliste
  (1713-1792), philosophe, théologien
 Francisco Manoel de Nascimento (Filinto Elísio) (1734-1819), poète, traducteur
  (1740-1811), poète
 Inácio José de Alvarenga Peixoto (1742-1792), avocat, poète
 José Anastácio da Cunha (1744-1787), scientifique
 Tomás António Gonzaga (1744-1810), juriste, poète, brésilien
 Manuel Inácio da Silva Alvarenga (1749-1814), poète
 Leonor d'Almeïda, marquise d'Alorna (1750-1839), peintre, poétesse
 José Agostinho de Macedo (1761-1831), poète, philosophe, essayiste
 Manuel Maria Barbosa du Bocage (1765-1805), poète

1800 : Romantisme

 Synthèses : , Ultra-romantisme, Romanceiros
 João Baptista da Silva Leitão Almeida Garrett (1799 -1854), romancier, dramaturge, poète
 António Feliciano de Castilho (1800-1875), pédagogue, poète, traducteur
 Alexandre Herculano (1810-1877), poète, prosateur
  (1822-1871), prosateur, polygraphe
 Camilo Castelo Branco (1825-1890), poète, romancier, dramaturge, traducteur
  (1826-1860), poète (ultra-romantique)
 João de Deus de Nogueira Ramos (1830-1896), poète

1850 : Réalisme
 Ramalho Ortigão (1836-1915), essayiste, romancier
 Júlio Dinis (1839-1871), médecin, dramaturge, romancier, Les Élèves du Doyen (1867)
 Manuel Joaquim Pinheiro Chagas (1842-1895), ministre, poète, romancier
 Antero de Quental (1842-1891), poète, philosophe
 Teófilo Braga (1843-1924), poète, historien, essayiste, politicien
 Joaquim Pedro de Oliveira Martins (1845-1894), écrivain, historien, sociologue
 José Maria Eça de Queiroz (1845 - 1900), Vetter Basilio (1878)
  (1848-1919)
  (1848-1921), poète, journaliste, le Baudelaire portugais
 Guerra Junqueiro (1850-1923), journaliste, poète, politique
 Wenceslau de Moraes (1854 - 1929), japoniste
 Cesário Verde (1855-1886), poète
 António Feijó (1859-1917), poète, diplomate
 António Nobre (1867-1900), poète, Só (1892)
 Camilo Pessanha (1867 - 1926), poète symboliste
  (1875-1941), romancier, dramaturge
 Synthèses : , Génération de 70 (1870, Coïmbra), Question Coimbrã (1866), Vaincus de la vie

1880 : fin de siècle, Saudosismo
 Synthèses : saudade, décadentisme, modernisme,
 Teixeira de Pascoaes (1877-1952), poète
 Afonso Lopes Vieira (1878-1946), poète
 Aquilino Ribeiro (1885-1963), romancier, conteur, mémorialiste et essayiste
 Fernando Pessoa (1888 - 1935), poète
 Mário de Sá-Carneiro (1890 - 1915), poète
 Almada Negreiros (1893-1970), poète, peintre, dramaturge,
 Florbela Espanca (1894-1930), poétesse

1900
 Vitorino Nemésio (1901-1978), poète, romancier, critique
 José Rodrigues Miguéis (1901-1980), romancier, nouvelliste, dramaturge
  (1904-1984), poète
 António Gedeão (1906-1997), historien des sciences, poète
 Miguel Torga (1907-1995), poète, conteur
  (1909-1949), prosateur, conteur, chroniqueur

1910
  (1912-),  (1910-1932), Génération Orpheu, Orpheu (revue) (1915)
 Álvaro Cunhal (1913-2005), interventions politiques, romans, témoignages
  (1917-1996), dramaturge, prosateur
 Fernando Namora (1919-1989), romancier, poète
 Jorge de Sena (1919-1978), romancier, dramaturge, poète
 Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen (1919-2004), poétesse

1920
 Jorge de Sena (1920-1978)
  (1920-1980), dramaturge
 Antunes da Silva (1921–1997), romancier de l'Alentejo
 José Saramago (1922-2010), romancier, nouvelliste, poète, dramaturge, prix Nobel de littérature 1998
 Agustina Bessa-Luís (1922-), écrivaine, scénariste, dramaturge, biographe
 Eduardo Lourenço (1923-), essayiste, philosophe
  (1923-2018), poète, éditeur
 Eugénio de Andrade (1923-2005), poète
 Alexandre O'Neill (1924-1986), poète (surréaliste)
  (1924-2011), dramaturge
 António Ramos Rosa (1924-2013), poète, essayiste
 Glória de Sant'Anna (1925-2009), poétesse
 José Cardoso Pires (1925-1998), romancier
  (1926-1993), dramaturge, romancier
 Augusto Abelaira (1926-2003), romancier, dramaturge, journaliste
 David Mourão-Ferreira (1927-1996), poète
 , historien, poète
  (1928-), poète, essayiste
  (1929-1985), écrivain, dramaturge
  (1929-2004), poétesse, romancière

1930
 Synthèse :
 Herberto Helder (1930-2015), poète
 Maria Gabriela Llansol (1931-2008), auteure multiforme, traductrice
  (1932-2003), poétesse, chroniqueuse
 Manuel Alegre (1936-), poète
  (1936-2002), journaliste, diplomate, romancier
 Maria Teresa Horta (1937-), poétesse
 Alberto Pimenta (1937-), écrivain, essayiste, poète, artiste
 Maria Velho da Costa (1938-2020), romancière, Maina Mendes, Les Nouvelles Lettres Portugaises
  (1937-1984), poète
 Casimiro de Brito (1938-), poète, traducteur
  (1938-), artiste, poétesse
 Maria Isabel Barreno (1939-2016), écrivaine, romancière, nouvelliste, féministe
  (1939-), poète, essayiste

1940
 Mário Cláudio (1941-), poète, nouvelliste, dramaturge
  (1941-), poète, critique
 Antonio Lobo Antunes (1942-), psychiatre, romancier
 Manuel António Pina (1943-2012), poète
  (1943-), illustratrice littérature jeunesse
 Almeida Faria (1943-), écrivain, traducteur, poète
 Lidia Jorge (1946-), romancière
 Hélia Correia (1949-), poétesse, romancière, nouvelliste
  (1949-), romancier, nouvelliste
 Helder Moura Pereira (1949-)
 Nuno Júdice (1949-), poète, essayiste, nouvelliste

1950
  (1952-2010)
  (1955-), chroniqueur, critique, dramaturge, romancier

1960
  (1961-), romancier, traducteur, dramaturge, L'Installation de la peur (2012), Le Terroriste joyeux
 Paulo Teixeira (1962-), poète
  (1962-), romancière, écrivaine
 José Carlos Fernandes (1964-), bédéiste
 José Rodrigues dos Santos (1964-), journaliste, romancier, essayiste
  (1965-), romancier, nouvelliste
 Paulo José Miranda (1965-), poète, romancier, dramaturge
  (1967-), romancier
  (1968-), romancier, journaliste

1970
 Valter Hugo Mãe (1971-), romancier, poète
  (1973-), romancier, La Main de Joseph Castorp (2012)
 José Luís Peixoto (1974-), romancier
 Jacinto Lucas Pires (1974-), écrivain, scénariste, chanteur
  (1974-), artiste transdiciplinaire
 João Tordo (1975-), romancier, nouvelliste
  (1978-), romancier, littérature jeunesse

XIXème

Littérature angolaise
 Littérature angolaise (version anglophone)
 Liste d'écrivains angolais

 Quelques classiques angolais, sur Vivre en Angola

Littérature brésilienne
 Liste d'écrivains brésiliens par ordre alphabétique
 Liste d'écrivains brésiliens par ordre chronologique

Sélection d'auteurs brésiliens

Littérature macanaise (à créer)

Quelques auteurs macanais
 Henrique de Senna Fernandes (1923-2010)
 José dos Santos Ferreira (1919-1993)
 Deolinda de Conceição (1914-1957)
 Camilo Pessanha (1867-1926)
 Wei Yuan (1794-1857)
 Wu Li (1632-1718)
 Tang Xianzu (1550-1616)

Littérature du Mozambique, Liste d'écrivains mozambicains
 Écrivains mozambicains, dont

Écrivains santoméens, dont

Littérature est-timoraise (à créer), voir Section Littérature de "Culture du Timor oriental"
 Fernando Sylvan (1917-1993)
 Francisco Borja da Costa (1946-1975)
 Xanana Gusmão (1946-), premier ministre, président
 Afonso Busa Metan
 Luís Cardoso de Noronha ou Luis Cardoso (1958-)

Genres

Prose en portugais

 Philosophes portugais
 Théologiens portugais
 Essayistes portugais
 Romanciers portugais
 Nouvellistes portugais
 Auteurs portugais de roman policier
 Auteurs portugais de littérature d'enfance et de jeunesse

Poésie en portugais

 Liste de poètes de langue portugaise
 Poésie en portugais
 Poésie portugaise contemporaine : anthologie 1935-2000
 Poésie populaire portugaise : folklore anonyme, par exemple les Cantigas geographicas.
 Max de Carvalho publie en 2021 une somme collective bilingue sur la poésie du Portugal

Théâtre portugais
 , Théâtre portugais (rubriques)
 Dramaturges portugais (> 160, dont 24 en version francophone),
 Gil Vicente (1465-1537), Sá de Miranda (1481-1558), Antonio Ferreira (1528-1569)
 Joseph Ier (roi de Portugal) (1714-1777), Almeida Garrett (1799-1854)
 Raul Brandão (1867-1930),  (1876-1962)
  (1901-1969),  (1920-1980),  (1924-2011),  (1926-1993)
 José Cardoso Pires (1925-1998)
 Pièces de théâtre portugaises
 Metteurs en scène portugais

 Salles de théâtre au Portugal
 Acteurs portugais, Actrices portugaises
 Formes anciennes : Tchiloli
  (Lisbonne)
 Théâtre de marionnettes au Portugal, site unima (bonifrate, fantoche, títere)

Œuvres

 Les 50 œuvres essentielles de la littérature portugaise

Institutions
 Institut Camões
 Institutions lusophones

 Prix littéraires : Prix littéraires au Portugal (environ 50, en 2017)
 Prix José-Saramago (1999-), Prix Teixeira de Pascoaes (1997-), Prix Vergílio Ferreira (1997-)
 Panthéon national (Lisbonne)

Annexes

Bibliographie
 Maria-Benedita Basto (1957-), Littératures de l'Angola, du Mozambique et du Cap-Vert, Metz : Centre "Écritures", Université de Lorraine, Association pour l'étude des littératures africaines, 2014, 248 p.

 Eugène Tavares (1958-), Littératures lusophones des archipels atlantiques (2009)

Articles connexes
 Antonio Tabucchi, écrivain italien, portugais d'honneur
 Culture du Portugal, Presse au Portugal
 Lusitanisme, Lusophonie, Liste des pays ayant le portugais pour langue officielle
 Nouvelle renaissance portugaise (depuis 1974)
 Bande dessinée portugaise
 Union internationale de la marionnette (UNIMA) : Arts de la marionnette au Portugal
 Brésil : littérature brésilienne, liste de journaux au Brésil,
 Afrique : pays africains de langue officielle portugaise (PALOP), littératures angolaise, bissaoguinéenne, capverdienne, équatoguinéenne, mozambicaine, santoméenne
 Asie-Océanie : Littératures , macanaise, est-timoraise

Liens externes
 Ana Paula Cavalcanti Simioni, Le modernisme brésilien, entre consécration et contestation, article, 2013
 Giulia Manera, Roman brésilien de "autoria feminina" de la décennie de 1930, article, sd
 Maria-Benedita Basto (1957-), Agualusa et Ondjaki : Les héritiers d'un engagement en littérature, 2017, Master 2, Toulouse

Références

Littérature de langue portugaise
Littérature européenne
Culture portugaise
Culture au Portugal


text:
package io.cisa.taxiiserver.repository;

import org.springframework.data.mongodb.repository.MongoRepository;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

import io.cisa.taxiiserver.domain.status.Status;

/**
 * Spring Data MongoDB repository for the Status entity.
 */
@Repository
public interface StatusRepository extends MongoRepository<Status,String> {

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


In 1954, on the occasion of the 300th anniversary of the excommunication of Baruch Spinoza, David Ben-Gurion, the first prime minister of the state of Israel, wrote a letter to Rodrigues Pereira, the hakham (chief rabbi) of the Portuguese-Israelite community in Amsterdam – the same community from which Spinoza was excommunicated – indicating the time had come to lift the herem, the ban of excommunication. It was, Ben-Gurion wrote, a source of profound embarrassment to the Jewish people that they had done to Spinoza something quite close to what the Athenian people had done to Socrates; it was time now, especially since Jews had an independent state of their own, which Spinoza to a certain extent had intimated in Tractatus Theologico-Politicus [TTP], for the ban to be lifted.
In his response to Ben-Gurion's letter, Pereira made two major points. His first point was a traditional rabbinic one: a later court could not possibly repeal the decision of an earlier court unless it considered itself to be "greater in numbers and in wisdom than their predecessors." Pereira observes with traditional humility that the Talmud says, "if our ancestors were angels, we are but men, and if our ancestors were men, we are but asses." The point about numbers referred to the contemporary Portuguese Jewish community, which had been decimated by the Holocaust.
The second point Pereira made was that as a student at the University of Amsterdam he had taken a course in Spinoza. After studying Spinoza's writings, he said to the prime minister, "When I became chief rabbi, I accepted the rulings of my predecessors. No rabbinate has the right to review a decision of previous rabbinates unless it is greater in number and wiser. I don't consider myself wiser than those who came before me." That brought at least the formal proceedings for lifting the ban on Spinoza to a screeching halt.
The reason I mention this is that beginning in the 19th century there was an attempt to reintegrate Spinoza into the Jewish tradition. It was conducted on two fronts: one was an effort by Reform Jews – Reform Judaism having come into its own during the mid-19th century – to argue that Spinoza had been excommunicated by an exceptionally narrowminded Orthodox rabbinate in Amsterdam. According to the reformers, this rabbinate was keen on remaking the Marranos, the secret Jews of Portugal from whom Spinoza was descended, into properly practicing and properly believing ("orthodox") members of the normative Jewish community. The Marranos emigrated to the Netherlands, seeking to live as Jews again, but they still had the mindset of Christians.
Why the ban against Spinoza was more severe than those pronounced against others at the time is ably addressed by Steven Nadler in his 1999 biography, Spinoza: A Life. But the point is quite obvious: Spinoza had left the community. In a letter to Willem van Blijenburgh, one of his gentile interlocutors, Spinoza clearly indicates that his leaving the Jewish community was something he had to do. He felt they were better off without him, and he was better off without them. He was quite sanguine, actually quite unperturbed, that the ban had been placed against him. He was not bitter, and he did not consider himself to be the victim of any injustice (interestingly enough, like Socrates, who also did not complain about his rejection by Athens).
It is very important to understand that the ban is very similar to excommunication in the more liturgical or eucharistic forms of Christianity. That is, nobody can be ejected from Judaism by any human authorities if that person either was born into the Jewish community or has been properly converted to Judaism. Jewish birth and conversion to Judaism are both indelible. Already by Spinoza's time, the Talmudic principle that was given doctrinal force by the 11th-century exegete Rashi, namely that no matter what a Jew does, even affiliating with another religion (which Spinoza did not do, at least in a formal sense), s/he is still a member of the Jewish people. That principle was fully in force. At most, a heretic or even an apostate could be denied certain rights or privileges of being a member of the Jewish people in good standing by communal authorities acting with due process of law.
Excommunication (herem) in Judaism is the same as it is in certain forms of what we might call "High" Christianity. For example, in the Christian tradition one is denied the sacraments until s/he repents. So too it is with the herem: one under the ban of excommunication is not, for instance, to be counted as part of a minyan, a quorum, or to be buried in a Jewish cemetery. But, of course, there is always the possibility of repentance, and when that occurs the community is supposed to fully reinstate the former sinner to his or her normative status as a bona fide Jew. So this is the point of Spinoza's excommunication, which, as far as we know, he never resented. The problem is that Spinoza, unlike Jews prior to him, did not formally convert to another religion; he did not become a meshumad (apostate). Yet, unlike heretics (apikorsim), who usually insisted that they were still members of the Jewish community, Spinoza never insisted on any such thing. Thus, his "Jewishness" has been argued for and against by both Jews and gentiles until this very day.
The question then is: Can Spinoza be posthumously reconciled with Judaism by modern Jewish thinkers? Can he once again be taken to be a Jewish thinker to whom Jews can go for Jewish guidance as they do to earlier thinkers such as Maimonides or Hermann Cohen? Or did Spinoza really take himself outside the pale of Jewish discussion? Even if that is the case, this does not mean Jews cannot consider him as seriously as they would consider Aquinas or Calvin, or any other non-Jewish thinker who might have insights pertinent to Jewish thought. I accept the latter notion, and I think Christian thinkers can accept it as well – that is, if they see the aspect that was Spinoza's most radical departure from Jewish theology to be an equally radical departure from Christian theology.
The question Spinoza presented was that, if the Jews had elected God, could they not un-elect him as their sovereign? Spinoza marshaled a number of biblical texts to argue that Israel's election and subsequent un-election of God as their sovereign is not just his own original idea. Not many people understand God's election of Israel as being perhaps the most basic Jewish dogma. As such, Spinoza's inversion of it to mean Israel's election of God is most radical, "denying a root" as the ancient rabbis might have put it.
If one is to follow the notion of election in Christian theology, it is important to reflect on Karl Barth's view. His discussion in Church Dogmatics is that the election of Israel is a prototype of God's election of the Jew, Jesus of Nazareth, to be the unique incarnation of Christ, the only-begotten Son of God. Therefore, the difference between Jewish and Christian notions of election is not that Jews affirm divine election and Christians deny it. The difference is over what the terminus ad quem of divine election is. For Jews that terminus is the election of Israel – now only the Jewish people – by God at the events of Exodus-Sinai. For Christians it is the election of Jesus as the manifestation of the second person of the Trinity.
Now, if one sees the doctrine of election as the major connection between Judaism and Christianity, then one can also see that Spinoza is as problematic for Jewish theology as he is for Christian theology. In dealing with questions of, for example, the particular and the universal, Enlightenment notions tended to pick up on Spinoza that one moves from the particular into the universal. Hence the question would be whether the particular is aufgehoben (overcome), whether it is simply broken down and dissolves into the universal and disappears, or whether it remains intact within the universal – and then transcends it. Yet the move is still from the particular to the universal.
When one analyzes very carefully the doctrine of election and its development in rabbinic and Christian thought, it seems that the universal moves into the particular and not the other way around. Therefore, the task is to bring the world into the elected community of Israel, into the ecclesia, if you will, not for the ecclesia or Knesset Israel to diffuse itself into some kind of universal pact. I don't think one need go as far as Hermann Cohen and refer to Spinoza as "the great enemy." I don't count him an enemy of Judaism or of the Jewish people. I look upon him as someone who left at least Judaism, if not Jewishness, which is a wholly different way of defining the Jewish presence in the world. So Spinoza is for me, and I think for some other Jewish thinkers, paying a role very similar to the role certain former Christians have played for Christians. That is, people who have left the tradition or the traditional community in some way, but by their leaving have provided a tremendously enlightening perspective for those who have not left.
I would give one modern philosophical analogy. To a certain extent one could look at Martin Heidegger as being a former Christian in the way Spinoza was a former Jew. If one looks at what I consider Heidegger's single most important essay, "On the Essence of Truth" (Vom Wesen der Wahrheit), where he brilliantly shows that the correspondence theory of truth is rooted in a creationist theology, one sees the former Christian believer casting light on the epistemological and ontological significance of the biblical doctrine of creatio ex nihilo, a doctrine Christianity readily accepted from Judaism. There we find Heidegger, the former Christian, seeing something in the biblical teaching that he has rejected, yet clarifying that teaching for those Christians (and Jews) who remained in the tradition in a way that they perhaps could not do themselves. Mutatis mutandis, I think Spinoza, in his treatment of relation, law, and election by inverting the tradition, gave a perspective that could only be that of a former believer, a former member of the community, for those who have chosen to remain part of the traditional community and continue its ongoing trajectory.
In that sense, Spinoza did set the agenda for Jewish modernity. Indeed, all of us live in the wake of his startling insights, even if we have chosen to invert the path that he inverted by retrieving the ancient tradition and its founding revelation anew.
David Novak holds the J. Richard and Dorothy Shiff Chair of Jewish Studies as professor of the study of religion and professor of philosophy at the University of Toronto.