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Derains & Gharavi International
Derains & Gharavi secures a US$ 68 million award against the Republic of Korea
Derains & Gharavi secured a US$ 68 million award (KRW 57 billion plus interest and costs) against the Republic of Korea in PCA Case No. 2015-38, Mohammad Reza Dayyani, et al. v. The Republic of Korea (UNCITRAL). This is the first known investment treaty award rendered against the Republic of Korea. The firm's victory was reported in Global Arbitration Review (GAR), in an article dated 8 June 2018, in the following terms:
"Bruising loss for South Korea at hands of Iranian investors
In what has been reported as the first loss for South Korea in an investment treaty case, the family behind an Iranian consumer electronic group has been awarded US$68 million – 99% of the total sum sought – for South Korea's termination of a deal for the purchase of the bankrupt Daewoo Group.
In a 187-page UNCITRAL decision which GAR has seen, a tribunal composed of Bernard Hanotiau of Belgium, Philippe Pinsolle of France and Gavan Griffith QC of Australia this week upheld claims brought by the Dayyani family, finding South Korea to have breached its 1998 bilateral investment treaty with Iran.
The tribunal found that through its specialised debt resolution agency, the Korea Asset Management Company or KAMCO – which it characterised as a state organ under Article 4 of the International Law Commission Articles on State Responsibility – Korea had abused its "puissance publique" [public power] and "interfered with the contractual rights of the parties to the share purchase agreement in order to promote its own sovereign interests."
This represented a breach of the treaty's fair and equitable treatment guarantee and meant the Dayyanis' claim was successful, the tribunal said, making it unnecessary for it to rule on further alleged breaches of the treaty.
The tribunal ordered Korea to make restitution of a deposit the Dayyanis had paid for the sale in Korean won (at the time equivalent to US$50 million, now US$54 million) and pay simple interest at a rate of LIBOR + 2% from April 2011 until the date of restitution, which to date amounts to roughly US$12 million.
It also ordered the state to pay nearly US$2 million to cover the Dayyanis' legal costs and the costs of the arbitration. The family's attempt to recover a success fee that it had agreed to pay its counsel was denied.
Commenting on the decision, Hamid Gharavi of Derains & Gharavi in Paris, a French-Iranian arbitration specialist who was lead counsel to the Dayyanis with Moshkan Mashkour of Sanglaj International Consultants in Tehran, tells GAR that the tribunal is to be praised for "calling a spade a spade". It held that Korea's conduct in terminating the deal fell short of good faith and that the state "cheated in the arbitration by failing to disclose material documents that they were ordered to produce and relying on evasive testimony from witnesses," he says.
Gharavi also says the award is "timely" in terms of its discussion of the impact of Korean and international sanctions against Iran, which will be covered later in this article.
South Korea was represented in the arbitration by a team from Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer led by the firm's former head of international arbitration Lucy Reed (now of the National University of Singapore) and partner Nicholas Lingard in Singapore and Tokyo. Both have been approached for comment but have yet to respond.
A "pretextual" termination
Based in the central Iranian city of Isfahan, the Dayyani family are behind the Entekhab Industrial Group, an Iranian holding company that invests in a wide range of industries, including in the manufacture and distribution of middle to high-end home appliances in Iran and the Middle East. Since 2008, it has been selling products manufactured by Daewoo in Iran.
Following the Asian Financial Crisis of 1997, Daewoo went bankrupt and underwent a restructuring overseen by a committee of creditor financial institutions that included many state banks, with the Korean government eventually instructing KAMCO to purchase the group and resell it at a profit.
KAMCO ended up taking a 57% controlling stake in Daewoo and, after three unsuccessful attempts at selling its electronics arm, accepted a bid from the Dayyanis to buy it for US$560 million.
The Dayyanis entered into a share purchase agreement with Daewoo's creditors, paid the deposit and created a Singaporean special purpose vehicle to carry out the purchase without falling foul of sanctions against Iran. They also submitted letters confirming that the vehicle had funds to make the purchase.
However, the sellers rejected the letters as unsatisfactory and, in December 2010, terminated the contract and forfeited the deposit.
An amended agreement was reached but again terminated by the sellers, in March 2011.
In its findings, the tribunal said that the "pre-emptory and summary" termination of the deal and forfeiture of the deposit was attributed by the sellers to the Dayyani's failure to provide satisfactory letters.
In fact, the tribunal found this was a mere pretext and the real reason the sellers terminated the deal was a condition precedent in the sale purchase agreement that required them to obtain consent to the sale from leading Daewoo customers such as Bosch and GE. They realised they would not obtain this, putting them in breach of the condition precedent and enabling the Dayyanis' special purpose vehicle to rescind the agreement and recover the deposit.
By the time the amended share purchase agreement was formed, the tribunal said the sellers had admitted to the Dayyanis that they could not comply with the condition precedent. It held they terminated this agreement rather than agree to an "entirely reasonable" price drop the family had requested as a result of the lack of customer support for the purchase.
The tribunal said all these actions were attributable to Korea, as the extent of its voting rights meant KAMCO "was in a position to indirectly control" any decision taken by Daewoo's creditors in relation to the sale.
Adverse inferences
The tribunal repeatedly said that it had reached its conclusions in the absence of an alternative explanation for the collapse of the sale from Korea – leading it to draw adverse inferences on some matters.
It said, for example, that it would have "appreciated an opportunity" to examine reports of Korea's Public Fund Oversight Committee, one of several bodies monitoring the sale, from December 2010 and March 2011 and had ordered the state to produce them.
The tribunal said it was "not convinced" by Korea's assertion that such reports do not exist and found it "extremely unlikely" given the committee's close monitoring of events leading up to the sale. Hence it drew the adverse inference, that, had they been produced, the reports would not have supported the state's case.
Later, the tribunal noted the lack of on-the-record evidence of the sellers' deliberations before they terminated the deal, commenting that it would have expected to see "an abundance of internal memoranda, meeting minutes and emails evidencing the sellers' weighing of the different options before them and making a final decision".
It concluded that either no meetings had taken place or the minutes had been withheld because they were adverse to Korea's case.
Similarly, the tribunal said it was surprised that those documents it had seen in relation to the sale contained little mention of the supposedly unsatisfactory letters the Dayyani family had provided confirming their ability to pay. Had this been "the significant issue" that the sellers argued, the tribunal said it would surely have been "discussed and analysed at length by the various supervisory authorities that were monitoring the sale."
The tribunal further noted the "vague", "contradictory" and "unreliable" testimony provided by some of Korea's witnesses, including employees of Woori Bank (Daewoo's principal creditor) and PricewaterhouseCooper.
In light of all of this, the tribunal inferred that the sellers had decided to terminate the first agreement because of the "looming anticipatory breach" on their part, and the amended agreement because it was clear that the Daayanis "would not waive the condition precedent." It said the behaviour of the parties during the first quarter of 2011 "unequivocally" demonstrated that the first termination "was primarily a negotiating ploy on the part of the sellers".
The tribunal added that the absence of documentation and "detailed narrative" from South Korea meant no inferences could be made in the state's favour. Indeed, it suggested that further evidence would have provided additional confirmation of KAMCO's control of the sellers, which Korea had sought to deny.
The impact of sanctions
As well as the first investment treaty award against South Korea, this is believed to be the first such award in favour of Iranian investors – and raises issues regarding the international sanctions regime to which Iran has for many years been subject owing to its uranium enrichment programme to build nuclear capability.
During the arbitration, the Dayyanis presented a 2010 US Congressional Report to the tribunal indicating that, shortly before it terminated the deal, Korea had succumbed to pressure from US president Barack Obama by imposing sanctions on Iran that went above and beyond those imposed by the United Nations.
The tribunal did not explicitly comment on the report and say whether it regarded Korea's actions as influenced by a shift in policy on sanctions. However, during its reasoning on the alleged breach of the fair and equitable treatment standard of the BIT, it said it was satisfied that Korea was "fully apprised" that sanctions would complicate the Daewoo deal before any agreement was executed.
The Public Fund Oversight Committee had raised this concern in several reports and even suggested aborting the deal for this reason, the tribunal said. And it was in response to this complication that the Dayyanis had agreed to form a Singapore special vehicle to make the purchase.
Given this attention to the impact of sanctions, the tribunal held that KAMCO and the sellers would have been aware of the risk that some Daewoo clients or their backers would make an issue of the company being sold to an Iranian group. They opted to accept the Dayyanis' deposit and proceed with the transaction anyway – a finding that presumably influenced the tribunal's conclusion that Korea had acted in bad faith.
Commenting on the tribunal's approach to sanctions, Gharavi says the ruling shows that sovereign states that "bend" to international pressure and terminate deals on spurious pretexts "will be held liable, with their acts and omissions recorded in international awards that will leave an embarrassing legacy for these countries."
He adds that the award is "timely" given the pressure that has been applied to other countries by the US and Saudi Arabia to end ties with Iran. These include Bahrain, which he argues in two other cases filed last year came up with pretexts to expropriate the assets of two Iranian banks and an insurance company.
"One of the arbitrators ……"
The case against Korea was filed six months after a notice of dispute in 2015, with Jan Paulsson and Griffith (appointed by the Dayaanis and Korea, respectively) as the original party-appointed arbitrators. In 2016, Paulsson resigned from the tribunal, probably owing to Korea's instruction of his former firm, Freshfields, as counsel, and was replaced by Pinsolle.
Paulsson is now acting for Bahrain in the two cases mentioned, in which Gharavi argues that the state mistreated Iranian investors because of pressure from the US and Saudi Arabia and expropriated their investments.
Although there is no formal dissent to the award against Korea, it states in relation to several key findings that one tribunal member took another view, without making clear who that arbitrator was and whether it was the same one in all instances.
The initial disagreement comes in the section of the award on jurisdiction, with one arbitrator saying it was not enough to find that the Dayyanis' special purpose vehicle was an investor with a protected investment, but that they must be seeking to remedy a "personal harm". The arbitrator nevertheless accepted that the tribunal had jurisdiction over the family's claim.
Later, the award records some disagreement in relation to what constitutes a breach of the fair and equitable treatment standard of the BIT. One arbitrator held that what had occurred in this case was a "simple breach of contract" by KAMCO in its capacity as a private entity and that "only sovereign conduct, ie conduct that is carried out in the exercise of an element of puissance publique" is capable of constituting a breach.
One arbitrator also held that, though Korea was a party to the share purchase agreement through KAMCO, its obligations in this regard were "of an entirely different nature" from the obligations of the fair and equitable treatment standard. This holds that a sovereign should not "abusively or arbitrarily interfere with rights established under a contract" but need not "ensure that contractual obligations are performed according to their terms," the arbitrator said.
The arbitrator added that he had seen no evidence that Korea directed KAMCO to vote against returning the contract deposit, giving rise to a breach of the standard.
Finally, the award records that one arbitrator would have awarded the Dayyanis only a portion of its costs, in light of his view that they had not demonstrated they were entitled to the sum claimed.
Successful – but no success fee
Despite their success in the claim, the Dayyanis were unable to convince the tribunal to make an order awarding them a success fee negotiated with Derains & Gharavi and Sanglaj International – giving the firms 5% of all amounts awarded, including interest and costs, in addition to a lump sum payment of €1 million.
The Dayyanis argued that to allow recovery of the fee would be "standard and reasonable" and in line with arbitral jurisprudence, as well as a fair reflection of the time spent by their counsel on the case. However, the tribunal said the notion that the claimants should be able to recover "all or a portion" of a success fee raised "difficult issues" and it was not convinced it could order it without "shifting the risk allocation agreed between [the] claimants and their counsel onto [the] respondent, which is not the purpose of awarding costs.
Three claims… one loss
According to Business Korea, which reported the outcome of the dispute today, Korea has been sued by foreign companies in three investor-state cases, including this one.
The first case relates to a sale in the bank sector and was filed by Lone Star in 2012 under the Belgium- Korea BIT. Administrated by ICSID, it is expected to reach an award this year.
The second case was filed by Hanocal, a Dutch subsidiary of a UAE state-owned investment fund, in 2015 over taxation on its purchase of a 50% stake in Hyundai Heavy Industries. The claim ended in 2016, when Hanocal discontinued its action.
Business Korea also reports the Korean government's response to its first loss, stating that it will closely analyse the award in favour of the Dayyanis and decide whether to apply for "cancellation of the verdict."
The award in the case is not yet public. GAR will update this article if comment is received from counsel to Korea.
Mohammad Reza Dayyani, Abbas Dayyani, Mohammad Hossein Dayyani, Ali Dayyani, Fatemeh Dayyani and Kosar Dayyani v Republic of Korea
- Bernard Hanotiau (Belgium) (Chair)
- Philippe Pinsolle (France) (appointed by the Dayyani family)
- Gavan Griffith QC (Australia) (appointed by Korea)
Counsel to Dayyani family
- Derains & Gharavi: partner Hamid Gharavi with associates Julie Spinelli and Stefan Dudas, Paris
- Sanglaj International Consultants: partner Moshkan Mashkour in Tehran
Counsel to South Korea
- Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer: partner Nicholas Lingard in Singapore and Tokyo, counsel Robert Kirkness, senior associate Lexi Menish and associates Kate Apostolova, Emily Stennett, Monika Hlavkova and Samantha Tan in Singapore
- Lucy Reed of National University of Singapore
- Yulchon: partners Sae Youn Kim and Hyung Keun Lee with associate Jae Hyong Woo in Seoul
- Professor Sang Gon Han
- Professor Lee Won Woo
- Associate Professor Kim Yon Mi"
© Derains & Gharavi 2013
Disclaimer Nota Legal Data Privacy


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Here we are again, watching as the names of the victims are read on TV. Only this year, we're watching it streaming on the Interwebs. For those new readers, here's my original 9/11 post, written by my Pop who worked a few blocks away from the World Trade Center. He was a witness to history and to the carnage that unfolded.
I remember going to the Yankees/Red Sox game the night of 9/10/01. We had an amazing thunderstorm with the rain cascading down the facade of the old stadium and the game was cancelled around 9 pm. On the subway home, we talked about getting to work on time instead of going in late, as we had planned. Yanks/Sox games always last way too long.
I got to the office about 8:47 am that morning and had just turned on my computer to start work. It was a beautiful Tuesday and it was the weekly close. I had signed on and began to open applications when I heard someone say the WTC had been hit by a plane. We thought the plane was a small private plane.
A group of my coworkers and I went to the window to see what was going on. We saw the North Tower ablaze; papers fluttering in the sky like large snowflakes. We also saw objects too heavy to be paper plunging to the earth and didn't know we were watching people jumping from the building. All you could hear were the sound of sirens from the Fire Department, Police Department and EMS all rushing up Broadway to the disaster. We were all wondering how they would fight this fire.
Another coworker yelled a plane was coming. As she yelled, the entire bank of windows on the 27th floor of 1 State Street turned dark as the plane whizzed so close by you could read all the markings on the bottom. The building shook from the power of the jet engines.
The plane sped toward the tower, although it looked to be happening in slow motion. The explosion that followed was more vivid than anything Hollywood could create. My boss started yelling it was time to get out of the building. He was yelling to get our belonging and evacuate.
People were running to get their things while I—being the grandson of a fireman—stood transfixed by what was unfolding at that window. The sight of a box of continuous feed computer paper floating out from one of the broken windows and then slowly unraveling as it made it's way toward the ground just amazed me. Then I felt the heat from the explosion and I too knew it was time to leave.
27 flights of stairs later, we were standing in Battery Park watching, again not clear as to what we had actually seen. No phones—either land lines or cell—were working so we couldn't call our loved ones to tell them we were ok.
This photo appeared in Vanity Fair. It was taken by Will Nuñez from the same building that Pop works in.
R and V and some others chose to stay and try to find a phone that worked. My department chose to walk. We wound our way up the East Side of Manhattan looking for safety, being careful to walk along the water and away from the buildings. Somewhere in Chinatown we heard the roar of what sounded at first like another plane and then like a subway train. The South Tower had fallen and what we heard were the floors pancaking. Fortunately, we were far enough from the plume of smoke and dust that we didn't inhale any of it. We continued to walk until we were in Little Italy when we heard the sound again. This time we turned around in time to watch The North Tower falling. None of us would ever be the same again. None of us will ever forget that moment. It will be hard to forget that 14th Street (about 4 miles from where I work) and somewhere is where civilization started to appear again only there were soldiers directing traffic.
We ended up on 62nd Street and 1st Avenue, ironically near where I had once worked. I thought about that as we walked. We caught our breath, got to see some tv coverage, got something to eat and it was time to move again. The attacks took place before 9:00 am EST and I got home to my two cats sometime after 8:00 pm EST. In between, a friend and I saw 7 WTC also collapse from the attack. We were at 23rd Street and the Hudson River waiting for a rescue boat to take us to Jersey.
I now cherish the extra time I've been given and the people I knew then and know now. I'm sorry we all had to go through this, but at the same time it has made us better and stronger.
Everyone after 9/11 wrote and spoke how they never would forget this day but since then it sometimes seems to me people look at what happened as an inconvenience. People from the rest of this country seem to want to forget it was America, not New York City that was attacked.
We all remember our brave soldiers who gave their lives every year on Memorial Day and all our soldiers who are doing and have done their duty on Veterans Day. On this day we need to remember all the innocent who did nothing more than come to work that day or get on a plane to begin a vacation/business trip.
I wish for all of you peace, health and happiness for whatever days we all have left. Please don't forget as I never will.
TW worked around the corner from St. Francis of Assisi Church. She's not an overly religious person but she used to stop in during her lunchtime when the urge struck her or she needed guidance. Every October, she'd pray that the Yankees would have the strength to play a little bit better than the other playoff teams they were facing. Father Mychal Judge never failed her from 1998 to 2000. On September 11, 2001, they say he was the first victim to perish after the World Trade Center was hit. As you know, St. Francis is the patron saint of animals, which made it the perfect choice of worship for TW. We wanted to pay tribute to Father Judge.
I read this every year, and am still awestruck by the power of Pops' words. All I could do from my safe little lab in St. Louis was stream news footage all day. I have seen the Pentagon memorial, and it is inspriring. One day I hope we can see the NYC memorial together.
Pop's story always gives me kitty goose bumps. We will always remember.
I'll never get tired of reading this post CK. THank you for running it again.
Oh Keisha we have a tear in our eye reading pops words. We wish him well. The year was our worst. Peeps mum died, 9/11 happened and then the British country side burned for months as they killed so many cattle trying to prevent the spread of foot and mouth disease. Just a horrible horrible year. We say a prayer for all the people who suffered on that tragic day.
I hadn't seen this post before and it is wonderful. The only other person that I read about was that gal that wrote the book about Homer the Blind cat. So many people have so many memories. Love this and the tribute to Father Mychal. Very well written, all of it.
I've not read this story before, but I will never, ever forget that horrible day. Our purrs and prayers are with the families who lost loved ones, friends, and co-workers on 9-11-2001.
CK, your Pop's account of that day moves us so deeply. We are grateful that he's able to share his memory of that horrible day in a way that showers us with love and peace.
Bless all of the souls and families.
Mom was at work, and when she heard the news, she and some other people went up on the roof of their building and looked towards the Manhattan skyline in the distance and could see the twin towers burning. She was terrified and just wanted to be home. The terror lasted for many weeks and she developed a lot of anxiety the next year. She cannot imagine how much more the impact would have been to be right there. Our prayers and purrs for the people who perished, for the heros, for the families, for the Nation.
Your story helps us never forget, to realize how life can change in a moment and how to remember to hug you the next time I see you, too!
New York has always been a second home to my L.A.-born and bred human, and she was devastated by 9-11 on so many different levels. Many of her friends went through similar experiences as your male human's.
Thank you for posting your pop's story again, CK. So moving. I couldn't imagine being there...that close...that day.
We will never forget those that were forever affected by the events of that day...especially those that perished.
This was truly heart-wrenching. He was such a good priest, and a good citizen, and a good man. The finest tribute you can give someone. We miss all those who lost their lives that day, and pray for those left behind. We will NOT forget.
CK, thank you again for putting this here for us. I remember it and I will ever ever ever tire of reading it. It is an extremely special and very personal telling of a horrible infamous cowardly act that changed the face and mind of America.
That memorial video, along with both stories gave us leaky eyes. It was a terrible day and we will never, ever forget.
Wow! We have chill bumps and tears after reading his account.
Purrime Ministerettes pray for everyone who has lost a loved one on 9/11.
The other day we saw documentary on National Geographic Channel about some woman who had fabricated a whole story about her surviving the attacks on one of the towers, but losing her husband. In reality, this woman turned out to never have been to the US until at least a year later. She is Spanish, but had worked her way up to the Chairmanship of a survivor's group.
We dunno if you heard that story. She went under the name Tania Head. It's a story that made us feel sick. Terrible for the survivors and hoomans who has lost loved ones.
Purrime Ministerettes bow heads in respect.
Mom read this today on her train ride, Pops does a terrific job writing about that day. It's a day she'll never forget. We love the tribute to Father Mychal also, his is a special soul.
Thank you for sharing your Pop's words about his experience that painful day in our country's history. We will never forget.
Thanks for sharing your story. I didn't know you were in NY then. I'd just moved to NY from Canada a few few days before and was picking up my wedding dress near the Towers just couple days before. Being new to the city, I got lost and used the towers as my signpost for the first and last time.
We think you should continue to post this every year - because like your pop, we strongly feel that people should never ever forget that tragic day.
Thanks CK for posting this again!


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Q: Python Macro to convert file names or read JPG and jpg as the same I am currently running machine learning through a kaggle database on google colab.
Everything looks perfect, expect for the face that images from one class are saved as JPG and not jpg.
Because of that:
image_count = len(list(data_dir.glob('*/*.jpg')))
image_count#should be giving 2750

I have 10 classes with 275 images each(all training data, not testing or validation).
I get 2475, which is probably because of the JPG

A: There are several possible solutions, this one is probably simplest - check for both .jpg and .JPG:
image_count = len( list(data_dir.glob('*/*.jpg')) + list(data_dir.glob('*/*.JPG')) )

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


This circuit uses four push buttons connected to pins 4-7 on the Arduino to control sound in Processing. For each button pressed, a different drum sound is played in Processing. For example: when the button connected to pin 4 is pressed, a cowbell sound is played. The sounds can also be played by pressing keys k, j, h, and g.
// use the mix buffer to draw the waveforms.
This one took me a while to figure out. It took me a couple tries to figure out where exactly to save the sound clips so that they could be read in the program, and then when i got that worked out the sound would repeat until another button was pressed, and then that sound would repeat. I solved that by resetting val every time the void draw function was run. I still have no idea where the values change from 1-4 to 49-52, but I got the program working and I didn't want to mess it up. A Fritzing picture of my circuit is attached.


Hello sir, do you have any idea about the date on which the West Bengal State University declares the results of candidates who can get admission in West Bengal State University PhD exam.
I am providing you a word file in which have list of candidates who are eligible for admission in PHD course in West Bengal State University.
Rest of list is available in word file which I am uploading here. Kindly download it freely.


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Professor Karl Theodore, director of the Health Economics Unit at the Centre for Health Economics, University of the West Indies (UWI), St. Augustine Campus, Trinidad, said NHIs are a financing instrument, but the purpose is to get the health system to work better.
The case was made for the important role that consultations with stakeholders must play in shaping the policy and promoting awareness and action from the population.
Hamilton, who is also the minister of health, added that while curative patient care is important, individuals must also take responsibility for their own well-being and that of dependents by practicing preventative methods such as eating healthy and being physically active to avoid the development of noncommunicable diseases such as hypertension and diabetes, which are common among Caribbean people, including those in St. Kitts and Nevis.
"I really want universal health care to incorporate rigorous health promotions to positively impact lifestyle choices in terms of [the] food and drink that we consume, the exercise and meditation we embrace and an overall preventative regime of wellness initiatives, including pap smears, mammograms, colonoscopy and prostate screenings," he said.
Prime Minister the Hon. Dr. Timothy Harris noted that the launch was a momentous occasion for the government as it works to deliver affordable health care to all citizens and residents. He said that when implemented, insurance coverage for individuals will be from the "cradle to the grave" and they will be covered "regardless of age, employment, income, or pre-existing conditions. My government has taken this progressive step forward because people matter most to Team Unity," he emphasized.


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Il prenome, così come l'anno e il luogo di nascita e della morte, sono sconosciuti. Fu di famiglia nobile e patrizia e possedeva una villa sulla via Appia.

Nel 56 a.C. sposò la figlia di Cicerone, Tullia, vedova da tre anni del primo marito (Calpurnio Pisone Frugi), da cui divorziò pochi anni dopo (tra il 53 e il 51 a.C.), per ragioni oscure.

Nel 51 a.C. è questore in Bitinia e Ponto, con compiti concernenti l'amministrazione finanziaria della provincia. Nel marzo del 49 a.C. Crassipede è presente al campo di Pompeo a Brindisi, come si ricava da una lettera dell'ex-suocero Cicerone ad Attico (IX,11,3).

Note

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Tarini
Country Acoustic/Folk, Acoustic Pop, Children's Music
From Chennai, India, comes Tarini. Now based in Virginia, Tarini is a singer-songwriter who creates indie-pop/folk/country music, in the vein of Taylor Swift, Tori Kelly, Sara Bareilles. She won the Best Musician award at her college. She enjoys composing for musicals theater productions and playing shows to sold-out venues in her hometown.
About being a Songlorious artist, Tarini says, "I love writing songs about real human experiences and emotions. Music is a powerful tool that can be used for good and Songlorious embodies that sentiment!"
Acoustic Pop - Your Dog Your Friend
I love the song, it was personal and her voice is beautiful and romantic.
Thank you for putting love and thought into it.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Make tomato sauce and set aside.
Follow recipe on preceding page, dividing the tomato sauce and eggs among the ovenproof containers. After 5 minutes in the oven, spread ¼ cup Fontina around edges of each dish.
Remove from the oven, sprinkle with the basil, and serve immediately. Serves 6.


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Q: Scaling of double convolution I am interested in the scaling of
$$F(x_1,x_4)=\int_{\mathbb R^2} e^{-\vert x_1 -x_2 \vert -\varepsilon \vert x_2 -x_3 \vert- \vert x_3 -x_4 \vert } \ dx_2 dx_3 $$
In particular, I suspect that
$$F(x_1,x_4) \le C \varepsilon^{-n} e^{-{\varepsilon}\vert x_1 -x_4\vert}$$
for some universal $C>0$ and $n \ge 0$.
But this is really only based on pure heuristic and I do not know which $n$ could be optimal here.

A: $\newcommand\ep\varepsilon$$F(x_1,x_4)$ is $8/\ep$ times a value of the convolution of two copies of a pdf with maximum value $1/2$ and a pdf with maximum value $\ep/2$. So,
$$F(x_1,x_4)\le(8/\ep)\min(1/2,1/2,\ep/2)=4\min(1/\ep,1)$$
for all real $x_1,x_4$.

The straightforward integration gives
$$F(x_1,x_4)=2\frac{\ep e^{-\left| x\right| } \left(\ep^2 (\left| x\right| +1)-\left| x\right| -3\right)+2
   e^{-\ep \left| x\right| }}{\left(1-\ep^2\right)^2}$$
for $\ep\in(0,1)\cup(1,\infty)$, with
$$F(x_1,x_4)=\frac{1}{2} e^{-|x|} \left(x^2+3|x|+3\right)$$
for $\ep=1$, where $x:=x_4-x_1$, for all real $x_1,x_4$.
In particular, for each $\ep_*\in(0,1)$ and all $\ep\in(0,\ep_*]$,
$$F(x_1,x_4)\le C(\ep_*)e^{-\ep\left|x_4-x_1\right| }$$
for some real $C(\ep_*)>0$ depending only on $\ep_*$ and all real $x_1,x_4$.


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POSMETRO adalah portal media informasi independen pro rakyat. Kritis & Kredibel!


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2023 Australian Kangaroo 1/2 oz Gold Coin BU
Sorry! We're sold out right now.
One of the best-selling gold coins from Perth Mint is the Australian Kangaroo Gold Coin. The coins available in this series come with new designs on the reverse of the 1 oz, 1/2 oz, 1/4 oz, and 1/10 oz coins each year, with a static reverse design on the 1 kilo coins. Right now, you can get 2023 Australian Kangaroo 1/2 oz Gold Coins online at Provident Metals.
Arrives with protective capsules!
37th issue of Australian Kangaroo Gold Coins!
Limited mintage of just 100,000 gold coins!
Contains 1/2 Troy oz of .9999 pure gold in BU condition.
Bears a face value of $50 (AUD) fully backed by the Australian government.
The obverse features Queen Elizabeth II.
On the reverse is a kangaroo.
Artwork by Ing Ing Jong.
With your purchase of the 2023 Australian Kangaroo 1/2 oz Gold Coin online at Provident Metals, you will receive a coin that is housed in a protective capsule. These coins are available in Brilliant Uncirculated condition with the lowest mintage cap in the series at just 100,000 coins.
The obverse of 2023 Australian Kangaroo Gold Coins comes with a final bust of Queen Elizabeth II. Her Majesty features here in the 2015 design from Jody Clark in which she wears the George IV State Diadem. Inscriptions include ELIZABETH II, 1952-2022, AUSTRALIA, and 50 DOLLARS.
On the reverse side of the 2023 Kangaroo 1/2 oz Gold Coin, you will find a depiction of a kangaroo. Designed by Ing Ing Jong, this visual shows a seated kangaroo looking back over its shoulder toward the horizon. The inscriptions on this side read KANGAROO, 2023, 1/2 OZ 9999 GOLD, and the P mint mark of Perth Mint.
This is the final release of Australian Kangaroo Gold Coins with Her Majestys portrait. Following the Queens passing in September 2022, Perth Mint and others are developing new portraits of King Charles III for currency. Until then, the mint will use Elizabeth IIs portrait for a short period of time.
If you have any questions, Provident Metals can help. Please call us at 800-313-3315, chat with us live online, or email us directly.
P - Perth Mint
Inner Pack
Jody Clark
Ing Ing Jong
Australian Kangaroos


text:
The Strand Magazine foi uma revista britânica fundada por George Newnes em 1890 sob o slogan "uma revista mensal de seis pence mas que vale um xelin". A revista, na época, custava a metade do preço das outras revistas mensais, apesar de sentir o relevante peso de seu custo de produção. Seu conteúdo, no início, abordava temas da atualidade da época e contos seriados de ficção, escritos por autores hoje mundialmente famosos como Graham Greene, Agatha Christie, Rudyard Kipling, G. K. Chesterton, Leo Tolstoy, Georges Simenon e Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, este último, considerado o mais importante autor da história da revista.

A importância de Sir Arthur Conan Doyle para a Strand está ligada à publlicação de seus contos de aventuras do detetive Sherlock Holmes. Em sua edição de Julho de 1891, a revista publicou Um escândalo na Boêmia (A Scandal in Bohemia), o que foi um grande sucesso entre os leitores, fazendo com que a circulação da revista aumentasse consideravelmente, assim como a popularidade de Conan Doyle. Nessa ocasião, Conan Doyle já havia publicado seus dois romances iniciais sobre Sherlock Holmes (Um estudo em vermelho e O signo dos quatro), mas sem a mesma repercussão dos contos que publicou a partir de então. De meados de 1891 até 1930, ano da morte de Conan Doyle, quase todas as edições da Strand tinham pelo menos um conto ou artigo do autor.

As adversidades conseqüentes da Segunda Guerra Mundial trouxeram tempos difíceis para a Strand, aumentando o custo de produção e diminuindo a circulação. Isso obrigou os editores a reduzirem o tamanho da revista, o que, mais tarde, não impediu a mesma de afundar em profunda crise financeira. Em Março de 1950 foi forçada a parar a publicação.

Em 1998, quase meio século depois, a revista retornou à ativa, mesclando publicação de contos de autores consagrados e outros menos conhecidos

 Strand Magazine

Revistas do Reino Unido
Sherlock Holmes


Miss Congeniality is a 2000 comedy film/thriller film directed by Donald Petrie, starring Sandra Bullock. A sequel, Miss Congeniality 2: Armed and Fabulous was released in 2005.
Gracie Hart (Sandra Bullock) is an FBI agent who goes undercover in the fictional Miss United States scholarship program/beauty pageant, on the lookout for a serial bomber. She is a feminist who is not traditionally attractive, and is turned into a drop-dead gorgeous woman going by the name of Gracie Lou Freebush... with the same tomboyish habits. She is seen overreacting to a gun-toting Texan, wearing a Tyrolean for her talent competition, much to the dismay of her mentor, Victor Melling (Michael Caine) and the director of the competition and former queen, Kathy Morningside (Candice Bergen).
In Germany, as well as Norway, the movie was published under the English title "Miss Undercover" (as the meaning of undercover would be better known), in Denmark under the title "Agent Catwalk", and in Italy and Portugal under the English title "Miss Detective". In Sweden the movie went by the name of "Miss Secret Agent".Also, William Shatner and Candice Bergen star in this together, and they star on the legal dramedy Boston Legal.
* Miss Rhode Island (Cheryl Frasier, played by Heather Burns) gets into the finals at the beauty pageant. As her 'talent', she twirls batons: but with a twist, they are set on fire. After the performance, the soot and marks that were on the end of the batons previously disappear as she walks off stage.
* In a possibly intentional move, every character's hotel room is room 103.
* Candice Bergen mistakenly calls the character of Frank Tobin by his real name - "Steve" as she is trying to open a bottle of pain killers prior to the pageant.
* When Miss Rhode Island is crowned Miss United States, she beats Gracie with her flowers and all of the red buds are gone. Then when they cut to her holding them again there are still red buds on them.
* There are only 7 finalists in the top 10.
* When Gracie brings pizza into the gym, Rhode Island takes a bite of a slice. The next clip then shows Rhode Island and the rest of the girls without any pizza and them all grabbing a slice from the box.
BEAUTY PAGEANTS - gain media attention for contestants and the objects of the pageant. The object of the Miss Ocean contest it to draw attention to: 1. Climate Change, 2. Ocean Pollution, and 3. Equal rights for all citizens of planet earth. Click on the picture above to read the (draft) rules. You can also have your say on how the competition should be formatted to truly achieve the stated objects.
This website is Copyright © 1999 & 2015 Max Energy Limited - an educational charity working hard to protect the planet.


text:
Education Week's blogs > Author's Corner by Education Week Press See more Opinion
Author's Corner features occasional updates by Education Week Press, the publisher of must-read titles on policy, research, and instruction. Select Education Week Press authors, such as Gary Marx, also contribute to the blog.
21st Century Trends and Their Implications for Schools
By Education Week Press October 4, 2016 at 4:12 PM
This clip from Education Week's webinar: "Trends for the 21st Century: Preparing for the Schools of Tomorrow", includes noted futurist Gary Marx discussing the implications of these trends on education and schools.
Growth Mindset: New Book Published by Education Week Press
Growth mindsets are being instilled across the country to give every student the opportunity to reach his or her full potential. Learn about how the growth mindset is working for teachers and students in our new e-book.
Building Perspective and Context in a Changing World
By Education Week Press September 26, 2016 at 1:28 PM
In this clip from an Education Week's webinar: "Trends for the 21st Century: Preparing for the Schools of Tomorrow", noted futurist Gary Marx emphasizes the importance of staying in touch with trends and issues in education.
Gary Marx on Releasing Ingenuity in the Classroom
By Education Week Press August 1, 2016 at 1:42 PM
In an Education Week webinar entitled "Trends for the 21st Century: Preparing for the Schools of Tomorrow", noted futurist Gary Marx discusses a wide range of topics and offers a deeper understanding of impending challenges and opportunities to prepare educators for the schools of tomorrow. In this clip, listen to Marx discuss how to release ingenuity in the classroom.
Essential Back-to-School Reading for Teachers
By Education Week Press July 27, 2016 at 11:33 AM
Check out our back-to-school titles from Education Week Press as you prepare for the new school year. Topics include classroom management, tips for new teachers, helping struggling learners, and more.
The Charter School Movement: 25 Years in the Making
By Education Week Press July 22, 2016 at 3:57 PM
The 25th anniversary of charter schools marks a period of considerable challenges and successes for the movement. Our free e-book PDF details the impact of the charter school movement on public education, school choice initiatives, student achievement, and more over its first 25 years.
Inside the Every Student Succeeds Act
By Education Week Press April 26, 2016 at 1:13 PM
The Every Student Succeeds Act is set to reshape our education system. Find out what the new federal k-12 law means for schools and the communities they serve in our new e-book.
How Can We Teach About Ethics?
By Gary Marx July 2, 2015 at 12:42 PM
Teaching students ethics is as important as teaching them skills and knowledge. Here are four key markers for teaching ethics, along with suggested discussion starters.
Five Ground Rules to Keep Up With Technology in Education
By Gary Marx June 18, 2015 at 9:24 AM
As the pace of technological change continues to accelerate, educators may have difficulty keeping up. Read predictions and educational implications of new technologies.
We Are All Poorer for Neglecting Students in Poverty
By Gary Marx June 4, 2015 at 9:11 AM
When we neglect impoverished children, we all pay for it. Morally and economically, that cost is greater than the up-front investment.
<< 1 2 3 >>
Select a Month... October 2016 September 2016 August 2016 July 2016 April 2016 July 2015 June 2015 May 2015 April 2015 March 2015 February 2015 January 2015


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Karan Johar on Netflix's Ghost Stories: 'I Dug My Own Grave'
And what drew Mrunal Thakur to the project, and the challenges for Avinash Tiwary.
By Akhil Arora | Updated: 26 December 2019 10:41 IST
Photo Credit: Amyn Hooda/Netflix
Mrunal Thakur in Ghost Stories
Ghost Stories Netflix India release date is January 1, 2020
Johar admits the horror genre is 'completely alien' to him
For Thakur, Ghost Stories was like a bucket list project
In June last year, at an event a day prior to the release of Lust Stories — the Netflix romantic anthology film from directors Anurag Kashyap, Dibakar Banerjee, Karan Johar, and Zoya Akhtar — Johar suggested that they should take up horror next and call it "Ghost Stories". Little did he know that he would have to follow through. Out New Year's Day on Netflix, Ghost Stories is now the third anthology film with the four directors, after 2013's Bombay Talkies and the aforementioned other.
"Everybody was very happy with just the way things were going and you're in a certain headspace and you make really strange suggestions and that's what I did," Johar told Gadgets 360 last Friday. "I made a very strange suggestion which everyone loved and lapped up, and then I realised that I dug my own grave. Ghost stories and the horror genre in general is something that I'm completely alien to. I don't watch any of those movies, I don't have a favourite in the genre, and it's something that I'm at sea with, as a filmmaker. But then when I had to deliver, I had to deliver, so I went looking for the story.
"A writer called Avinash Sampat emailed, and I read the story and I found it interesting and spooky in its own way. And I felt that I just had to give it some of my own treatment. So I infused it with a lot more humour than actually the original writing had, but intrinsically it was a weird story. It was about a man not letting go of his grandmother. And you know, a girl he marries who comes into this world."
CAA Protests: Janhvi, Johar, Kashyap on What Artists Should, Shouldn't Do
Avinash Tiwary (Laila Majnu) and Mrunal Thakur (Batla House) play the man and the girl, Dhruv and Ira, respectively — there's no word on who plays the grandmother. And if you go by Tiwary's words, possibly no one.
"[Dhruv] is unable to let go of his grandmother, he has conversations with her," Tiwary said. "So most of the film, he's actually not talking to anyone, and I realised it's not the easiest thing to do when you don't have a co-actor to talk to. You kind of have to create everything that's happening. That was challenging, but it was exciting to do. It's also kind of risky, in a performance."
Tiwary first heard about Ghost Stories from Johar while he was in London, in a text message: "It said, 'Hi Avinash. Welcome to Dharma. This is Karan." Johar's banner is called Dharma Productions, founded by his father Yash Johar in 1979. "And of course, when I got the message, I was like, 'What are you supposed to do? How do I respond?'"
Janhvi Kapoor on Her Ghost Stories Character: I Relate to Her Pain
Meanwhile for Thakur, Ghost Stories was the perfect opportunity to tick a lot of boxes: "I was scared, first of all, because I've never done this genre before, and I was very thrilled to work with Karan because really, it was like a bucket list doing this project. Netflix original tick. [Johar] tick. [Make-up artist] Mickey Contractor tick. [Costume designer] Manish Malhotra tick.
"Also, I wanted to explore more, and I think through Ghost Stories, I get a chance to do that because it's very, very different."
In addition to his several productions, Johar is next returning to feature films with Takht — which begins filming in 2020 — a Mughal Era drama that stars Vicky Kaushal, Ranveer Singh, Kareena Kapoor, Alia Bhatt, and Anil Kapoor.
For Anurag Kashyap, Netflix's Ghost Stories Is His Horror Movie Pitch
Tiwary's upcoming projects include Mira — to release in May 2020 — which is a remake of the 2016 mystery thriller drama The Girl on the Train, based on Paula Hawkins' eponymous debut novel. Mira also stars Parineeti Chopra (Hasee Toh Phasee), Aditi Rao Hydari (Padmaavat), and Kirti Kulhari (Pink).
Thakur is in the lead of Baahubali: Before the Beginning, the Netflix prequel series to the high-grossing franchise, alongside Rahul Bose and Atul Kulkarni. She's also part of the Hindi-language remake of the 2019 Telugu sports drama Jersey — slated for August 2020 — opposite Shahid Kapoor.
Ghost Stories is out January 1, 2020 at 12am IST on Netflix worldwide.
Further reading: Ghost Stories, Netflix, Netflix India, Karan Johar, Mrunal Thakur, Avinash Tiwary
Akhil Arora Email Akhil Akhil Arora covers entertainment for Gadgets 360, interviewing stars such as Christian Bale and Anurag Kashyap, covering series premieres, product and service launches across the globe, and looking at American blockbusters and Indian dramas from a global socio-political and feminist perspective. As a Rotten Tomatoes-certified film critic, Akhil has reviewed over 150 movies and TV shows in over half a decade at Gadgets 360. When he is not completely caught up with new film and TV releases, Akhil ...More
Janhvi Kapoor on Her Netflix's Ghost Stories Character: I Relate to Her Pain and Use of Sexuality
For Anurag Kashyap, Netflix's Ghost Stories Is His Pitch for a Horror Feature Film
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Ghost Stories Review: Dibakar Banerjee Can't Save Netflix's Incorrectly Titled, Packaged Anthology
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PUBG Mobile vs FAU-G : कौन करेगा 2021 में भारत में पहले एंट्री, हुआ कंफर्म!
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The Daily Bee: England Face Germany in Euro 2020
Renewing old rivalries, or something like that, I guess?
By Paul Johnson Jun 24, 2021, 8:12am PDT
Share All sharing options for: The Daily Bee: England Face Germany in Euro 2020
Photo by Shan Yuqi/Xinhua via Getty Images
Good Morning Fear The Wall!
Germany scraped through to the Round of 16 with a draw against Hungary, as the final group games of Euro 2020 were concluded. Group F was billed as the group of death, and it also turned out to be the most entertaining group, finishing with two wild games that both ended 2-2. Despite a valiant effort by Hungary (the team, not the fans, who did not cover themselves in glory...), the group finished with France topping the table, Germany in second, and Portugal qualifying as one of the best third-placed teams.
I'm going to spend as little time as possible on this one, because I'm sure everyone will be gross enough without encouragement. England and Germany will face off in the Round of 16 on Tuesday, and no doubt everyone will have lots of very normal opinions about the game, the teams, and the nations involved. It is a thing that is going to happen, and regardless of outcome, I'm sure everyone is going to be awful. What a thrill!
Uefa to Scrap Away Goals Rule in European Competitions
Elsewhere, Uefa have announced that they plan to abolish the away goals rule in European competitions from the start of next season.
The away goals rule in European club football is to be abolished from the start of next season, governing body Uefa has confirmed.
"It is no longer appropriate for an away goal to carry more weight," said Uefa president Aleksander Ceferin.#bbcfootball
— BBC Sport (@BBCSport) June 24, 2021
I'm not sure how I feel about this, but I guess it's a thing that is happening. So there you have it.
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Anantha Padmanabhan, chairman of Gem & Jewellery Council, spoke to CNBC-TV18 about his expectations from interim Budget 2019.
"It is going to be an interim Budget, we are not expecting much. But still we are looking into the customs duty and the banking headache which every jeweller is going through across the country," said Padmanabhan.


text:
You are previewing: Pony and Trap
Pony and Trap
Mackenzie, Kathleen
Stars Don't Cry
A Hoof in the Door
If I Could Ride
Heroines on Horseback
Tamsin and her brother John, who is recovering from a serious illness, are sent to spend a few months with their grandmother in Cornwall.
Evans, London,1962, illus Violet Morgan, cover uncredited. 192 pp.
"Tamsin and her brother John, who is recovering from a serious illness, are sent to spend a few months with their grandmother in Cornwall. They manage to buy an old pony trap and hire a pony with which to explore the surrounding countryside. Tamsin, who loves horses and riding, makes friends with Molly, the girl groom at the stables of a retired Army colonel. The colonel owns a horse, Greenheart, who is entered for the Grand National, and Tamsin, John and Molly discover a plot to injure the horse and its rider."
Kathleen Mackenzie
Kathleen Mackenzie's pony books are not generally as dripping with ponies as most books in the genre. She was more interested in families and their relationships than in ponies, not being a rider herself. The pony content of her books is still just about enough to keep the enthusiast interested. Kathleen Mackenzie is also notable for having some of the best and worst dustjackets in the pony book world: Jumping Jan reached the final in a poll on my forum for the best; Nigel Rides Away and the reprint of Prize Pony both did well in the worst dustjacket category.
Kathleen Mackenzie (1908–1993) was born in the Argentine, but returned to England when she was three. Her books often feature large families, for which she had plenty of models. Her father was one of ten, her mother one of 20, and she herself was one of eight (her sister, Violet Morgan, illustrated her books). She started writing when young, and was also interested in the stage, for which she wrote and produced plays. She and her family lived in Cornwall, where they put on pageants, and put on plays at the Minack Theatre.
Not as easy as it was when I started this website. Most of her books are still reasonably easy to find. Jumping Jan, Red Conker and Minda are becoming more expensive, particularly with their dustjackets. The Badgers of Quinion is virtually impossible. Vicky and the Pentires is very hard to find. Green Fox and The Four Pentires and Jimmy are both tricky to find with dustjackets.
Source and links
Dustjackets of her books
Kathleen Mackenzie's family
The Minack Theatre
Many thanks to Ivan Tammas for the photographs of The Badgers of Quinion and Four Pentires.