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The Djupadal Formation is a geologic formation in Skåne County, southern Sweden. It is Early Jurassic (probably Pliensbachian-Toarcian, or Late Toarcian) in age. It is part of the Central Skåne Volcanic Province, know by the discovery of basalt tuff layers, including Sandåkra, Korsaröd and Djupadal. An original analysis of the location of Korsaröd led to a Toarcian-Aalenian age, but was dismissed in 2016, when a series of Palynogical samples recovered a Late Pliensbachian and probably Lower Toarcian age for the Korsaröd Outcrop. The same year this result was also challenged by an in-depth study of the Lilla Hagstad neck that yield a Late Toarcian Age. The formation was deposited in the Central Skane region, linked to the late early Jurassic volcanism. The Korsaröd member includes a volcanic-derived Lagerstatten with exceptional fern finds. The data provided by fossilized wood rings showed that the location of Korsaröd hosted a middle-latitude Mediterranean-type biome in the late Early Jurassic, with low rainfall ratio, delayed to seasonal events. Superimposed on this climate were the effects of a local active Strombolian Volcanism and hydrothermal activity.

Description
Djupadalsmölla, the original location has been known due to its volcanic Tuff and other volcanoclastic-derived facies. It was originally described in 1826 as the local basalts where identified as coming from ancient volcanic eruptions. The exposure of Anneklev, located near Höör was where the first volcanic neck was discovered, with other volcanic remnants mentioned on Jällabjär and Rallate along with the tuff at Djupadalsmölla. These deposits were described as volcanic rocks composed mostly by tuff, that includes basaltic bombs (composed by Pyroxene and pseudomorphs from this, along with Olivine on adjacent pyroclastics), accidental lithics and occasional wood from conifers, in the form of small pieces to large logs. At Djupadal the Rönne River has cut a 20 m deep valley mainly in the Precambrian basement, where Lower Jurassic strata (including volcanic tuff) form part of the southern valley side, and also occur in the valley northwestwards, indicating that the valley is partly an exhumed sub-Jurassic depression. The modern strata of the Valley is over a Late Weichselian melt-water channel and it also contains eroded fluvioglacial deposits. A nearby roadcut shows kaolinized basement beneath the Toarcian sediments and a nearby boring has penetrated 44 m of kaolinized Gneiss. The Valley Bottom exposes  small ridges and cupolas (in gneiss) and tors (mainly in Amphibolite).

Geology

The southwestern margin of the Baltic Shield in southern Sweden and adjoining off-shore basins in the Baltic Sea is characterized by a 20–60 km wide fracture zone along which Mesoproterozoic basement rocks were downfaulted and deeply buried beneath sedimentary cover of the Danish Basin and Polish Trough. The so-called Sorgenfrei–Tornquist Zone (STZ) forms part of the Tornquist Lineament, a trans-continental deep fracture system that extends for more than 1000 km from the North Sea to the Black Sea, demarcating the largely unexposed southwestern margin of the East European Craton. Towards the northern zone there are 2 two Mesoproterozoic basement complexes: the uplifted Southwest Scandinavian Gneiss Complex of the Baltic Shield and the deeply buried Danish Massif. The southern branch of the lineament forms the Tornquist–Teisseyre Zone (TTZ), which separates the Precambrian lithosphere of the East European Craton from accreted Early Paleozoic peri-Gondwanan terranes of central Europe. The STZ was result of continental rifting during the Permian-Carboniferous periods, with some zones continued until the Cretaceous, with an evolution similar to the North Sea system. This zone is known by its complex horst and graben structures that resulted from Late Cretaceous–Paleogene inversion tectonics. As result of the collapse of the Variscan Orogen 200 million years of intermittent lithospheric extension developed locally and in sister systems, developing Permian rift structures and basins, that were reactivated during the breakup of Pangea and opening of the Tethys & North Atlantic oceans during the Mesozoic.
The systemic rifting from Carboniferous to Mesozoic in the STZ was accompanied by low-volume mafic alkaline magmatism, with a 70 km wide NW-SE oriented Permo-Carboniferous Tholeiitic dyke swarm that runs across Scania and Bornholm island within the STZ. In this context, the Central Skåne Volcanic Province was developed, being a 30 by 40 km large Mesozoic volcanic field that occurs at the southern tip of the Scandinavian Peninsula, composed by 100 volcanic plugs and necks form prominent steep sided hills in central Scania. In this volcanic field either low-volume alkaline magmatism was repeatedly sourced from a common enriched Continental Lithospheric Mantle reservoir or was derived from edge-driven mantle convection by which newly inflowing asthenospheric material melted in structurally controlled positions.

Stratigraphy
The Djupadalsmölla pyroclastic reaches almost 10 m high and 20 m wide, with pyroclastics appearing also through the west more than 100 m, along the valley of the Rönne River. It is composed by a 3 m thick sequence of Jurassic rocks, starting overlying the kaolinized basement of Paleozoic Gneiss with 2 m of sandstone-claystone series ending with a single metre of green-brownish turfaceous rocks. The strata is composed by mostly small Lapilli (around 30–50% of the content) and ash (-10 mm), with some samples being red in patches. Tuff concretions are recovered locally composed mostly of coarse ash, with rich amounts of Calcite and Wood pieces. This composition indicates moderate explosivity on the genesis of the materials, relating the eruption products with short transport paths, as show little mechanical weathering, also corroborated by the thick layering and the low amount of basaltic bombs reported, while the correlation of wood and lapilli indicates a terrestrial deposition. All together shows local Strombolian Volcanism, linked probably to a coeval rift, as recovered by the presence of more than 100 coeval volcanic necks in central Scania.
Dominating the Djupadal formation is moderately sorted lapilli tuff with abundant scoria, what indicates moderate explosivity, giving the eruption products short transport paths, preventing extensive mechanical weathering, that would create rounded fragments and large amounts of ash, that along thick layers and decimetre sized basaltic bombs are clear signs of closeness to the volcanic source.

On Karup the exposed layer is 1-1.5 m high and about 5 m wide, with an unclear distribution of sediments beyond quaternary sediments superimpose the pyroclastic material, while the substrate is not exposed. This exposed layer represents one of the outcrop where the major abundance of charred pieces of wood and also silicified, non-charred pieces of wood, occur.

Lilla Hagstad is composed by this is composed of Nepheline basalt with dark glass base in which crystal individuals of nepheline, Angite, olivine and magnetite are included. Also hosts lapillas from hazelnut to pea size are rounded, provided with a dense dark solidification zone and prove thereby as subaeric ejection products and not an origin from intrusive formations on cavities or open crevices. There are also quartz grains, often shattered, which become fragments cemented by the solidifying glass mass.

On Koholma, a 0.5 m of green-brown trufaceous rocks, composed mostly by large clasts of crystalline rocks along lapilli and abundant plant remains, all identical to those seen on Djupadalsmölla, and also suggested to be derived form sliding flows from a nearby volcano.

On Snälleröd (65 m thick, 44 m saprolite) samples taken, compared with the ones from the bottom of the road cut at Djupadal at 1.5 km NNE of this last one showed  massive, soft lumps of a white, fine-grained material lacking any visually detectable grains of primary minerals, where only chemical data showed that this material is  highly depleted in Calcium, Potassium and Sodium with significant kaolinization. The kaolinized rock has Kaolinite content exceeding 85%. The samples taken at the NNE of Djudapal shows angular, gravel-sized material contains less altered granules of gneiss, remnant Feldspar and Quartz on a fraction dominated by Smectite, unlike the previous kaolinite-dominated ones, although this last one is also abundant.

The Korsaröd Lagerstatten is located also on central Scania, and represents the best outcrop of the formation, leading to exquisitely preserved (with fossilized nuclei and chromosomes) specimens of ferns of the extant genus Osmundastrum. This location was linked by Ulf Sivhed in 1984 with the Dajupadal Formation. What was corroborated by recent studies. It is also composed by volcaniclastic deposits, located at 380 m WNW of the nearest basaltic volcanic plug. It is composed by mafic clasts agruped with agglomerates, oriented to this volcanic plug, coming probably from it or nearby ones. Its clasts are angular and poorly sorted, recovered on a series of layers whose timing is uncertain, as there is no probe if represent discrete episodes separated by intervals of non-deposition or is result of variations due to a high-energy depositional setting. Like in the Dajupadalsmölla type deposit, there is a great abundance of ash/mud content of the deposit filled with chaotic distributed wood fossil, what leds to the interpretation that this was a lahar deposit. This location has been compared with modern Rotorua, New Zealand, considered an analogue for the type of environment represented in southern Sweden at this time.

Eneskogen, Bonnarp and Säte volcanic necks are the main coeval of the Formation. While Bonnarp (5–6 m height and covers roughly 5,000 square meters, covered by Jurassic sediments) is calculated to have at least 185.4+4.6 Ma (Middle Pliensbachian), Säte (Comprise two basalt pipes, each roughly 6–10 m high and some 10,000 square meters in area) yielded 180.0+0.7 Ma and Eneskogen (A large hill covered by quaternary sediments. Some few boulders and basalt pillars were exposed) 182.1+0.6 Ma, both Lower Toarcian in age. It recovers one of the tree major Mesozoic volcanic events on Skåne. Säte & Bonnarp volcanic strata is composed by Basanite, being the first Glassy Facies, and the second microcrystalline, while Eneskogen also microcrystalline, is dominated by Melanephelinite. Bonarp has a very special character, which differed considerably from the normal cone of a Stratovolcano. At Bonarp, between the crystalline basement and the basalt tuff, a sedimentary layer sequence intervenes, alternating sandy and clayey layers. The layers linked to the volcano consists of sand and clay stones with thin coal seams, with bottom redistributed disturbed layers of kaolin. The overall appearance of the Bonarp volcano suggests that local tectonic movements were more or less complete when the eruption began. The pre-basaltic weathering process was also a deep kaolinization of the crystalline basement (Knutshög, Djupadal). At Bonarp the basement is also deeply decomposed.

The Brandsberga and Kolleberga erratics represent a series of Upper Pliensbachian sandstones, linked with the Bonnarp Volcano and deposited on a marginal marine to coastal setting, with a faunal composition dominated by Bivalves, as well as Belemnnites and Bony Fish remains, yet the bivalves were the only identifiable to genus level. This unit has traces of volcanoclastic elements on it, yet is dominated by sandstones, the same that are found in the associated Dinoflajellate-rich layers of the Bonnarp Volcano. The unit is also the only part that recovers marine fauna, mostly molluscs. The erratics suggest the presence of undiscovered solid rock in the immediate vicinity, and, like on the main volcanic layers, they're abundant on large angular and rounded pieces of half-weathered Archaean sediments, probably either or result of exposed nearby layers of this period or result of the basement erosion due to coeval volcanism. The deposit was part of a regression trend where an embayment was formed in western central Skane, likely derived from the earlier Lower Pliensbachian major transgression. The presence of Kaolinite as well indeterminate Plant remains suggest the flow of terrestrial matter through rivers from the east.

Lithology
The Basalts where originally classified by Eichstädt in 1882 on its own scheme, divided in groups such as Feldspar basalts, Nepheline basalts, Leucite basalts and Glass basalts. The Basalt magmas must have been formed in the mantle and were hastily transported towards the surface during eruptions. The local basanites contain spinel-bearing and spinel-free Peridotite xenoliths. The ultramafic and mafic xenoliths document two types of petrogenetic origin: the group A, composed of Dunite, Harzburgite and Spllherzolite, whose origin is linked with the upper mantle; B, Pyroxenite, Gabbronorites, Anorthosite and mafic xenoliths that represent likely intrusive bodies, which might be located at the crust–mantle or upper crust. Beyond the Basanites, the overall lithology includes Iddingsite, Augite, Serpentinite, Magnetite, Orthoclase, Plagioclase, Olivine, Chlorite, Apatite, Titanite, Feldspar and indeterminate Glass-like particles. Mostly of the Volcanic necks host moderate to high quantities of olivine.

At Djupadalsmölla the layers are composed by a more or less transformed tuff, that is composed of volcanic ash, sand and lapilli, and small portions of completely or almost completely disintegrated basalt. The color of this rocks changes between blue-green, green-yellow, brown-yellow or brown, depending on the weathering stage in which it is located, with the greenish blue being the rocks in the healthiest state, while brownish color tones seem to indicate a more advanced decomposition. The rocks have abundant clearly distinguished rounded grains that range from the size of a pea to the size of a hazelnut. This grains compose most of the rocks, cemented together and cohesive, mostly forming Limestone cement. The cavities are generally completely filled with secondary products, mostly calcareous limestone, in addition to Zeolites and Viridite. The cement between the grains consists mainly of limnic limestone and sandstones. This rocks were originally either a feldspar basalt or Limburgite ("glass" basalt), in which both kinds of Augit and olivine are always included, albeit in varying amounts. In the Limburgites, feldspar, augit and olivine, syllic microliters (Ferrite) as well sparsely sprinkled grains of Magnetite have been reported in varying amounts. The "Glass" sections appear to have been strongly grained in most cases, but these grains did not fully correspond to the globulitic grains, which are otherwise usually found in the glass of basalts, likely made of Olivine or Augite, as well small Serpentine particles. The basalt tuff therefore came to form a porous glass, in which no other crystallized substances can be found than the olivine crystals already formed in the crater. The cement, which fills the space between the sideromelan grains and seals them together, consists for the most part of limestone, which is easily recognized under the microscope and is also clearly visible when the preparations are treated with acid. The cement is both sparse and forms a rich matrix for the sideromelan grains. Other layers are composed with red Gneiss, which is similar to that found in the area, and a sandstone, which is similar to that found at Höör. This Gneiss is recovered in the Volcanic Bombs (lapilli) along Amphibolite. These rocks are the most common around the volcanic sediments, with other layers composed of mica Diorite, limestone, clay slate and muddy, shale sandstone. In this layers wood is common, included from irregular pieces to completely preserved branch pieces.

Siliciclastic interbeds
The Siliclastic interbeds of the Djupadal Formation where originally assigned to the underliying fluvial Höör Sandstone, of Hettangian-Pliensbachian age. This interbeds outcrop in several concrete locations: Between Vitseröd and Hultarp areas, in south Hultarp and N. and S. Hultseröd, where sandstone blocks are so rare that there is no reason to assume solid sandstone,as is limited to 2 concrete blocks. At Dagstorp the layers compose an arkose, Quartzite and pebbles, with partly very large blocks, which gave rise to local quarrying. The outcrops is 350 in NO-SW and 250 in perpendicular to it, located on the slope from the large basalt cup in the north and surrounded almost entirely by bedrock. The sandstones spread to the southern side of the Dagstorpssjön lake, while the eastern boundary consists of a gneiss slab with a steep precipice to the east, which is partly Kaolin-weathered, being overlaid in the west by a rich block field of sandstone. It in this location where the interbeds are best preserved, standing firm, sheltered of bedrock and basalt. The ichnofossil Monocraterion isp. and the bivalve Cardinia follini occur in the sandstone pointing to low oligohaline faunas, yet it cannot be precisely assigned to either the uppermost Höör layers (Vittseröd Member) or the lowermost Djupadal. This faunal agruppation occurs together with abundant foliar remains and are equivalent to the Brandsberga erratics, which was closer to the mouth of the bay developed in the region, as it proves the find on its sandstone of more clear marine fauna. Farthest to the south-east, in the innermost part of the original bay, in the area around Höör train station, plant remains in abundance where embedded in the sandstone, with only a few mussels found. At 1 km west of Hallaröd there is a series of layers with blocks of quartzite gray, hard sandstone, followed 200 m N by a low ridge with crumbs, shards and blocks of weathered gneiss, probably the basis for now destroyed sandstones. The nearby sandstones of the Djupadal deposits are covered in ripple marks and clearly indicative of fluvial or lagoonal deposition, as well along Dagstorp ones, the sandstones that best evidence being deposited at the same time the volcanic eruptions take place.

Age and Correlations
Tralau (1973) measured the age for the local deposits, establishing that where typical  Middle Late Triassic to Lias strata, with absent Middle Jurassic sediments, with the exception of the volcanic event ejecting the tuffs in Korsaröd, stating that they took place in the Middle Toarcian. Radiometric ages obtained by using K–Ar techniques scatter in a wide range between 171 and 179 Ma.  Following works on the 80s and 90s recovered also this original datation, putting this and the Dajupadalsmölla outcrop on the Toarcian-Aalenian boundary, as example of latest lower jurassic volcanism on the region. In 2006-2009 a depth study of the Volcanic Plugs led to stablish a range 191–178 Ma  based on 40Ar/39Ar whole-rock ages for samples derived from eight basanite–nephelinite plugs, with included late Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous necks. The Palynological studies on the 2014 ttought, changed the perspective of the age of the location, proposing a more fitting Late Pliensbachian based on palynology. In 2016 an in depth palynological study of the Korsaröd section led to stablish a Pliensbachian–early Toarcian(?) age, based on the high presence of the genus Perinopollenites elatoides (Pinales) and Eucommiidites troedsonii (Erdtmanithecales). Yet other more recent works support that the outcrop is Late Toarcian in age, with a more recent work recovering a high-precision 40Ar/39Ar anorthoclase feldspar age of 176.7 ± 0.5 Ma (2-sigma), Late Toarcian in the Lilla Hagstad Volcano, and not supporting the 190–110 Ma age range, and establishing the region as short lived intraplate magmatism volcanic field. This confirmed Tralau Original palynology results and the Paleomagnetic Studies done in 1993, that found 177-171 Ma as the most probable age.
The formation overlies the Höör Sandstone, and is time-equivalent with the Rydebäck and Katslösa members of the Rya Formation on NW Skane, the Röddinge Formation of the Vomb Trough and the Sorthat Formation of Denmark, with which it shares the abundance of Fern-derived material. The formation also correlates with the Fjerritslev Formation of the Danish Basin, and the Gassum Formation of the Øresund Basin.

The volcanic material was translated to the Continental margin by large fluvial channels, that ended on the sea deposits of the Green Series of Grimmen and Dobbertin, with the three-dimensional clay of this unit probably originated as the weathering product of this. The Volcanic activity very likely eroded the underlying Hettangian-Sinemurian layers of the Höör Sandstone, deposited on the Fennoscandian coast as result of the weathering of the Precambrian-Paleozoic. This is seen as, after the increased amount of clays with abundant volcanic materials, sands were repeatedly poured into the North German Basin from Skåne, as result of the erosion of the Höör sandstone.

Basin history

Basement
The basins where the Rya Formation was deposited form part of the Sorgenfrei-Tornquist Zone (STZ) of the Trans-European Suture Zone, the boundary between Baltica to the northeast and Peri-Gondwana to the southwest. The orogeny was active in the Late Ordovician, or approximately 445 million years ago.

At the Carboniferous-Permian boundary around 300 Ma, the area was influenced by the Skagerrak-Centered Large Igneous Province, another large igneous province stretching across the North Sea, the eponymous Skagerrak between Denmark and Sweden and to the northwest up to northern England and Scotland.

Break-up of Pangea
The basins of southern Sweden and eastern Denmark were formed during the latest Triassic and earliest Jurassic. During this time the Central Atlantic magmatic province (CAMP), with an estimated  the largest igneous province in Earth's history, was formed to the present southwest of the Danish-Swedish realm. In the Skåne area, the Central Skåne Volcanic Province was active during the time of deposition of the Rya Formation, commencing around the Sinemurian-Pliensbachian boundary. The earliest magmatism was partly emplaced into and across pre-existing extensional basin structures. The main volcanic phase of this volcanic province occurred in the Early Jurassic (Pliensbachian to Toarcian) at 184–176 Ma. Analysis of the volcanic rocks produced by this Jurassic volcanism suggests a continental Strombolian-type eruptive character close to the oceans of the Early Jurassic. No correlative pyroclastic beds have yet been identified in sedimentary basins surrounding central Skåne.

Toarcian
During deposition of the Rydebäck Member of the coeval Rya Formation, the Toarcian turnover happened. This event at the Pliensbachian-Toarcian boundary characterized by widespread anoxic conditions globally, led to the extinction of various groups of flora and fauna. Taxa inhabiting the upper water column were unaffected by anoxia and included ammonites and belemnites. Epifaunal taxa adapted to low-oxygen conditions, such as the buchiids, posidoniids and inoceramids, flourished in the post-extinction environment during the survival interval.

Environment

At Djupadalsmölla the presence of wood, together with the moderately sorted lapilli tuff, indicate a terrestrial depositional environment, probably influenced by freshwater deposits. It has been suggested to be deposited on a fluvial setting that was influenced by a debris flow, mixing plants and sediments on a downhill transport, probably from the nearby Äskekull Volcano, one and a half kilometers south. This was proven by the fact there are sandstone layers with Ripple marks in the western part of the locality close to the pyroclastics. It has been suggested this sandstone underlies the volcanic sedimentary rock, yet it has abundant Silicon dioxide from the pyroclastics, implicating  the transport of large amount of this last one early after deposition, precluding major sediment compaction. This process requires a coeval age relationship between the sandstone and the lapilli tuff in Djupadalsmölla. The same category includes the lamellar deposits in the quartz grains of a dark sandstone, which Nathorst found as debris near Dagstorp Lake (Dagstorper sandstone), interpreted as a Microcline. Similar debris has also been found at Ikersberg near the Höör Train station. At Lilla Hagstad tuff changes into a similar sandstone-like that is, as its geological occurrence shows, formed in connection with the deposition of a genuinely volcanic tuff, and is therefore itself a tuff with predominantly allothigenic quartz and feldspar grains. These sandstones were also formed as tuff sandstones that were deposited during the initial phase of eruptions. The Dagstorp sandstone is filled with green stone fragments, considered basalt and Diabase, coming either from the vicinity of their current occurrence or further from the east, proving that  tuff formations in connection with the basal eruptions originally had a not inconsiderable spread. This sandstones where latter moved by rivers and deposited in both the Fennoscandian Border Zone and the Danish Basin.
Pyroclastic rain may have deposited material on slopes, with landslides to low areas as a result. Deposition in water normally creates more well-sorted deposits than those studied. However, zeolite has been enriched in Barium, which is often enriched in seawater, which probably circulated as hydrothermal flows in the lapilli tuft creating diagenetic changes, including deposition of  Calcite and Zeolite.

In Korsaröd there where found frashwater algae that suggest also a river influence. The data provided by the fossilized wood rings showed that the location of Korsaröd hosted a middle-latitude Mediterranean-type biome in the late Early Jurassic, with low rainfall. Superimposed on this climate were the effects of a local active Strombolian Volcanism and hydrothermal activity. This location has been compared with modern Rotorua, New Zealand, considered an analogue for the type of environment represented in southern Sweden at this time. The locality was populated mostly by Cupressaceae trees (including specimens up to 5 m in circunference), known thanks to the great abundance of the wood genus Protophyllocladoxylon and the high presence of the genus Perinopollenites elatoides (also Cupressaceae) followed by Eucommiidites troedsonii (Erdtmanithecales). Volcanogenic deposits are dominated by cypress family pollen with an understorey component rich in putative Erdtmanithecales, both representing vegetation of disturbed habitats. The abundance of Protophyllocladoxylon sp. is also related with a sporadic intraseasonal and multi-year episodes of growth disruption, probably due to the volcanic action, with rapid permineralization of woody remains, suggesting that the vegetation grew in a hydrothermal region, with major challenges for roots to cope with warm, mineral-laden fluids percolating through the soil. Pollen, spores, wood and charcoal locally indicate a complex forest community subject to episodic fires and other forms of disturbance in an active volcanic landscape under a moderately seasonal climate. Osmundastrum pulchellum, the best preserved fossil identified in this unit (whose rhizome hosts epiphytes, micro-herbivores, parasites, saprotrophs and fine organic remains) were a prominent understorey element in this vegetation and were probably involved in various competitive interactions with neighboring plant species, such as Lycophytes, whose roots have been recovered inside the Rhizome. The ferns where part of a fern and conifer rich vegetation occupying a topographic depression in the landscape (moist gully) that was engulfed by one or more lahar deposits.

Sandåkra Lake System

The jurassic layers at the north of the main volcanic outcrops include a unit known as the Sapropel of Sandåkra (south of Finjasjön). This unit is composed by a powerful layer of up to 150 m with sandstones, clays, Oil Shales, Breccias, etc., being clearly younger than the Höör Sandstone and resting directly on the Paleozoic bedrock. This subunit is known mostly by boreholes, and was shown to be in part coeval with the volcanic eruptions of the end Lower Jurassic, as samples recovered from the main Sandåkra bore where identical in abundance of volcanic minerals and hosted the same type of palynomorphs seen in Djupadal and Korsaröd. The borehole of Sandåkra includes a 70 m thick Shale/mudstone/Hialoclastite layer, indicating a water body of that depth was developed locally. This water body was interpreted as a freshwater lake on the basis of the absence of marine palynomorphs. This lake likely developed either on a tectonic breach originated from the same rifting system that give rise to the local vulcanism or in a tophographical depression, being either of the two options filled latter with sediments coming from several freshwater flows of different density from the inner hinterland, with the volcanistic minerals, only present in the uppermost sections, coming from a source far from the shoreline at the south. The enormous abundance of palynomorphs suggest the presence of estatic waters creating hydrodynamic traps, as well a stagnant lake system, like the Deer Island Lake of Michigan, allowing to a stagnation of the sediments and the development of anoxic conditions at the bottom, as proven by the Shale abundance. Ephemeral streams feed the system, while the shores where mostly composed of sandstone paleosoils. This unit developed in the lower part in a similar way to the Toarcian Sichuan Lake of the Ziliujing Formation, as well host similar to the shales of modern Kastoria Lake of Greece or the organic sapropel of the Sinove Lake of Ukraine. Towards the upper part, the evolution of the Sandåkra Lake was almost identical to the "Carapace Lake" of the Toarcian Mawson Formation, both heavily influenced by local volcanism, with either hydrothermal leaks or tuff-derived material washed by rivers and streams. An environment similar to modern Waimangu Volcanic Valley likely developed locally when the Djupadal Formation deposited.

Fossils

Pseudofungi

Fungi

Acritarchs

Dinoflajellates

Chlorophyta

Bryophyta

Lycophyta

Equisetopsida

Filicopsida

Peltaspermales

Erdtmanithecales

Gnetales

Cycadophyta

Ginkgophyta

Coniferophyta

Arachnida

See also
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Sweden
 Kristianstad Basin
 Toarcian formations

 Mizur Formation, North Caucasus
 Sachrang Formation, Austria
 Saubach Formation, Austria
 Posidonia Shale, Lagerstätte in Germany
 Ciechocinek Formation, Germany and Poland
 Calcare di Sogno, Italy
 Marne di Monte Serrone, Italy
 Lava Formation, Lithuania
 Krempachy Marl Formation, Poland and Slovakia
 Rya Formation, Sweden

References

Bibliography
  Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 (CC BY 3.0) license.

Geologic formations of Sweden
Jurassic System of Europe
Early Jurassic Europe
Jurassic Sweden
Pliensbachian Stage
Toarcian Stage
Sandstone formations
Coal formations
Coal in Sweden
Paleontology in Sweden


text:
Lawmakers raise health concerns as they quietly seek to replace a House chairman
Jan 13, 2022 Chairman, Concerns, health, house, Lawmakers, quietly, raise, replace, seek
Some House Democrats say Scott has been unable to maintain control of routine committee hearings to keep Republicans from running roughshod over Democrats on key priorities such as climate-related agriculture programs and their now-stalled $1.7 trillion social spending bill.
A bill markup in September veered so far out of order that several House Democrats took the rare step of raising their worries with House leadership offices in an attempt to replace Scott as chair before he opens talks for the next farm bill in the coming weeks, according to seven House members familiar with the situation.
In interviews or via a spokesperson, the top three House Democrats — Nancy Pelosi, Steny Hoyer and Jim Clyburn (D-S.C.) — each said the concerns weren't raised to them and they expressed confidence in Scott, giving no ground to fears about Scott's capabilities or the talk of replacing him.
Scott in a phone interview this week dismissed questions about his health as the actions of "a bunch of wannabe chairmen" who are taking advantage of his physical health challenges in order to stage a mutiny.
"You have people there that want to be chairman and they see you with a cane to help you with your mobility," said Scott, adding that he recently had leg surgery. "People shouldn't hold the fact that you're having a little difficulty with your leg to deny you an opportunity."
Scott said he has no plans to retire from Congress.
But more than a dozen lawmakers and aides interviewed by POLITICO detailed growing frustrations about some of his decisions while leading the committee of 27 Democrats and 24 Republicans. They also have pointed to instances of his inability to finish his thoughts or remember previous conversations.
"I have the utmost respect for Chairman Scott," said a Democrat on the committee. "But he could be doing a better job." The person added: "I don't necessarily know if it's his health or what, but something is wrong."
This lawmaker described speaking with Scott last November about details of a bill in a conversation where Scott appeared attentive and engaged. A few days later, the lawmaker was shocked by how much Scott struggled to carry on a conversation about the same bill. He seemed to lose focus, was unable to find the words to complete his thoughts at times and didn't seem to remember ever discussing the legislation before, this lawmaker said. Scott's office did not respond to a request for comment about the incident.
One House Democrat recently tried to intervene with Scott directly, according to five of the House Democrats interviewed for this story. They said this member, whom fellow lawmakers wouldn't name, spoke with Scott about specific questions about his health to try to persuade him to cede the gavel ahead of the farm bill talks.
Scott was not receptive to the message, according to one of the five Democrats, who was told about the meeting by the lawmaker who met with Scott. Scott, in a phone interview, denied knowing anything about such a meeting. Scott's office says it didn't happen.
Several Democrats, including members of the Black and Hispanic Caucuses, said subcommittee chairs would likely take on more of the work negotiating pieces of the farm bill with Scott in charge.
"It's not really his physical health. He struggles getting around," said another Democrat on the agriculture panel. "But there are real questions about whether he's with it."
In a press availability last July, Scott struggled to convey basic facts about a bill just advanced by the committee. He claimed, unprompted, that the bill had 42 co-sponsors, when in reality it didn't have any. He made several other mistakes before an aide stepped in and ended the event. Scott hasn't answered reporters' questions in a similar, scheduled media availability since. Aides cite his busy schedule as one reason.
Scott hasn't disclosed any serious health issues. His office says Congress' attending physician has deemed him as healthy.
"I'm as strong and vibrant as a roaring lion," he said in the phone interview. "These are people that want this position."
Rep. Jim Costa (D-Calif.) is one of the members who has privately raised concerns about Scott with colleagues, according to two people familiar with the conversations. Costa ran against Scott for the Agriculture Committee's top spot and would be among those next in line to take over.
In a statement to POLITICO, Costa didn't dispute that he had raised questions about the chair with other members, but said he "respect[s] the hard work that Chairman Scott is doing in the committee."
"It's important that Democratic members work together with the chairman as we have traditionally on issues impacting America's heartland," Costa added. "He has my support."
Worries about Scott's ability to lead the committee in the grueling months ahead are such an open secret that people in other parts of the federal government — including two Department of Agriculture officials and three senior Senate aides — say they have discussed similar concerns in their offices.
"It is alarming," said one USDA staffer who has known Scott for more than a decade.
In a statement, Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack said he has "full faith and confidence" in Scott's ability to lead the committee.
"Since I returned to office, Scott has been a strong partner in moving forward our aggressive agenda to support our farmers, ranchers and producers, fight food and nutrition insecurity, combat climate change and deliver results for the American people on a range of other important issues," Vilsack said. "I look forward to continuing to work with him well into the future."
As chair of the House Agriculture Committee, Scott is set to lead this year's negotiations over hundreds of billions of dollars in farm aid, nutrition assistance and related programs. The farm bill, which next expires in 2023, has sweeping ramifications for every aspect of American agriculture and rural life. The upcoming reauthorization process is particularly critical for Democrats, who hope to shape the early talks before the House potentially flips to the GOP in November.
If Republicans take control of the committee, Scott would still have a prominent role as ranking member. The worry is that Republicans and the farm industry might push Democrats to the sidelines during the talks.
"I think [House leaders] feel that there needs to be a change based on his capacity, that there will be a change before the farm bill. It's too big," said one Democrat on the committee.
But House leaders are showing no signs that they plan to intervene ahead of the farm bill talks.
"The Speaker has confidence in Chairman Scott's leadership," Drew Hammill, Pelosi's deputy chief of staff, said in a statement. "No such concerns have been raised by Members with our office."
Hoyer and Clyburn, the No. 2 and No. 3 House Democrats, both said in brief interviews that they didn't know about the situation and weren't aware of any efforts to replace Scott as chair.
"I haven't heard anything of that nature," Hoyer said. "He has a mobility problem, but he doesn't have a thinking problem. That's for sure. I've talked to him a lot."
"I have full faith and confidence in David Scott," said Clyburn in a follow-up phone call.
Some House Democrats pushed back against questions over Scott's leadership, especially on his heavy reliance on aides in committee hearings and criticisms of his lack of control over several contentious committee meetings.
"Even chairing a subcommittee, you often need help from experienced staff and the parliamentarian," Rep. Ro Khanna (D-Calif.) said. "But I have found him to be very good at running the committee hearings."
Making any move against Scott, a well-liked Congressional Black Caucus member, would cause significant problems for House leaders who themselves are all octogenarians. Scott, a Blue Dog Democrat from Georgia, boasts sterling bipartisan credentials.
In the interview, Scott said he was "very proud" to be the committee's first Black chair. He touted the committee's accomplishments thus far under his control, including steps to expand funding for climate programs, rural broadband, and 1890 African American land-grant colleges and universities.
"I was the one that provided that leadership," Scott said.
Asked if House leaders have raised these matters directly to him or his staff, Scott replied, "I haven't heard anything except everybody saying, 'David, you're doing a great job.'"
Rep. Joyce Beatty (D-Ohio), chair of the Congressional Black Caucus, said her group "has full confidence in the chairman and look[s] forward to his continued leadership."
Rep. Alma Adams (D-N.C.), vice chair of the Agriculture Committee and its most senior Black member after Scott, said "I don't know what you're talking about" when asked about internal worries about his readiness.
"He has my fullest support and confidence and I look forward to my continued work with him on the committee," said Rep. Sanford Bishop, a fellow Georgia Democrat.
A former staffer on the House Agriculture Committee acknowledged some of the concerns about Scott, but added they weren't uncommon for a senior lawmaker.
"We've seen this happen with other members, people don't necessarily talk about it," the former staffer said.
The person questioned why lawmakers were challenging Scott's ability to lead the committee when several former committee chairs struggled with similar concerns — noting that they were white and didn't face the same scrutiny.
Scott last fall announced plans to run for reelection and reiterated this week that he's not retiring. But some Democrats interviewed speculated that he could still change course and leave Congress, following more than two dozen other caucus members who've opted to leave the House ahead of a likely GOP takeover this fall.
Ximena Bustillo and Helena Bottemiller Evich contributed to this report.
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text:
beast out of the earth
fake elijah
fake justice movement
How to Deal with Fake Elijah
God has His Elijah.
The devil has one too.
'The second beast was like a lamb―it had two horns. But it spoke like a dragon!' -Rev 13
AS WITH MANY OF the images in Revelations, commentators who are my intellectual superiors have a divergence of views on how this may have appeared in history. In early encounters, many Christians thought that Islam was the anti-Christ and Mohammed the fake prophet. Some have thought this beast to be a reference to the pagan priests in the Roman Empire. Some Protestant Reformers perceived fake Elijah to be in the Roman Catholic Papacy. Others thought him to be Karl Marx and his socialism. Some see him as a yet to come, future figure.
Now there may be some truth to all of these. For now, let us simply understand this faux prophet as a spirit that incorporates yet transcends all of these manifestations. If what is written here seems a bit more abstract than other readings, please read slowly and up your caffeine intake.
One of the features of this spirit―whenever it manifests―is fake moralism or justice. There is an appeal to moral principles to try and get its own agenda across. Fake Elijah is reminiscent of Jezebel in this regard. She cried out that Elijah should be killed because he executed Baal's preachers. It was an effort to appeal to the 'eye for an eye, life for a life' principle. In regards to Naboth's vineyard, she told the King that it was wrong for him to act the way he was acting and then had circumstances spun in order to make a righteous man look guilty. Those who persecute the church always disguise their hatred with some culturally acceptable, moral goal. They use an ethical mask in order to justify their malicious acts against the saints.
Evil as Moralism
It may surprise some of you to hear that evil can be moral―but pagans can be Pharisees too. In the last few years in the West, we've seen the rise of food Pharisees as people adhere to particular diets with righteous zeal and label other people's food as 'bad'. But veganism imparts no virtue and one can be paleo and still be a pervert. Souls that are soured with sin still want to feel saintly, so they go on compensatory crusades over the food we eat, where we buy our clothes, what political party we MUST vote for, and other issues that help one feel righteous. All this activity allows them to look down on other people and feel less bad about their own guilt. Men who yell at their children and look at porn feel better about themselves because they drive an energy efficient car and campaign for wealth distribution. Their sense of personal accountability is lessened when they can blame some other social, political, or culinary group that they are not a part of as the main source of evil in this world. Many of today's social justice and moral crusades are driven by nothing less than a Satanic spirit.
And here a word about what is sometimes called 'national' or systemic' repentance is in order. There are indeed times when such repentance should be done. There are a few instances of this in the Scriptures. When all the facts are clearly established―and not just someone claiming to be in the know because he saw a documentary online―then large-scale group repentance can be done.
But we live in an age where these things must be approached cautiously. Our generation has been trained to live guilt free, so we have the tendency to unload our guilty angst onto the nearest abstraction: the State, Big Business, Immigrants, Cis-White-Males, the Free Market, Labour, Tories, Republicans, Democrats, etc. The laws of the Universe cry out that sin must be punished. In order to satisfy this cry, we unload our psychological guilt onto 'the system'. We then whip it so that we can feel justice has been served and still walk away with unrepentant hearts of stone.
There are times when systemic repentance can and should happen. But the vast majority of moral instruction in Scripture, especially in the New Testament, is not given to 'the system'. It's given to the individual.
Hijacked Conviction
Fake Elijah has the ability to hijack people's moral compass in order to condemn that which is righteous and celebrate what is shameful. Whereas Elijah leads people in a movement of true righteousness and justice, fake Elijah leads a counterfeit justice movement not based on godly righteousness. This spirit manifests itself in the BDS movement against Israel or the Pro-Choice movement against unborn children. These movements promote wicked acts by hijacking moral language―often trying to disguise their work as one of liberation from oppression. They take a perceived victimhood and weaponise it.
Just as Elijah called down the true fire of judgement, fake Elijah has its own fire. But this flame is man centred―it does not cause people to fall down in worship before a holy God.
Perhaps you have seen this happen to people around you in a subtle way. They begin their spiritual lives burning with a flame of contagious loyalty and affection for Jesus. But then they get swept up in a social or political cause. At first it all seems well-intentioned. After all, it aims to help people―something we should all want to do. But after a while your friend is no longer aglow for their Saviour. They are no longer humming hymns or praise songs. Instead they seem jaded and angry at those who are not joining their crusade. They have lots of zeal for changing this world―which in its proper perspective is not wrong. But they no longer have a vision for preparing people for the Eternity to come. Their method of changing the world does not centre on people bowing their knees to the true King. Their devotion to Christ has been distracted by this ancient serpent who appears like a lamb.
And its power is in its appearance. This beast is the ultimate spin master. It postures with appeals of a quasi-Christian morality. But make no mistake―this dragon is a monster who will devour its opponent. The dragon is an evil that appeals for tolerance until it is in power―then it rains down punishment on the righteous. What it is really after has little to do with what it says it is after. Regardless of what it says, this dragon is not interested in equality. It is after power. The compassion language of 'siding with the oppressed' is little more than a cloak to cover its maddening rage against God and all that is truly righteous.
It was not long ago that the West was inhaling a prodigality of postmodern fumes. Upon hearing a Christian witness, people often retorted with, 'That may be true for you, but it's not true for me' or 'Christianity may work for you, but I have my own truth. To each their own.' But a society can only take this type of faux tolerance for so long before totalitarianism takes over. In urban Britain just try saying to two 'married' men, 'Gay marriage may be true for you but it's not for me.' Or try refusing to use feminine pronouns for a man who thinks he is a girl. 'Yes, use whatever language you like for yourself, but that gender 'change' is just not true for me.' You will then find that the trendiness of personalised truth has somewhat lessened of late.
This is the beast out of the Earth. Fake Elijah is the bully who portrays itself as the perpetual victim―a master of emotive words. In the name of justice, the dragon-lamb establishes totalitarianism.
Extract from Elijah Men Eat Meat: Readings to slaughter your inner Ahab and pursue Revival and Reform (Get Here)
Labels: beast out of the earth book of revelation fake elijah fake justice movement
Martin 9 February 2018 at 12:53
I think the term that best sums up the meaning of the Beast from the Earth is "False Religion". False religion takes many forms, and is working with the Beast from the Sea (corrupt world government) to oppose Christ. The fake morality of which you write is spawned from the false religion. We are seeing these things in the world every day.
Your book looks like a good read. I must get myself a copy.
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Intro to 'Elijah Men'


Massage therapy can bring more than relaxation. Soft tissue massage techniques can promote healing, improve general health and encourage higher levels of wellness.
Your expertly trained Mercy massage therapist will assess your needs and talk to you about what kind of techniques could be used and answer any questions you may have. If you think you could benefit from massage therapy, make an appointment to discuss your goals with your primary care doctor.


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Chinese funeral homes report surge in deaths following protests and end of lockdown
Radio Libre Asia (RFA) quoted workers at Chinese funeral homes on Thursday as saying their facilities were struggling to cope with deaths after the Communist Party reportedly ended "large-scale" shutdowns, a move it took after nationwide protests.
According to RFA sources, not only are suspected coronavirus deaths on the rise – a seemingly unusual development, given that Beijing has only admitted a handful of deaths during the entire pandemic, and the highly contagious omicron variants of the Chinese coronavirus are less likely to be deadly than the original outbreak – but funeral homes are struggling with staff shortages due to the disease.
"Due to a number of positive tests among funeral home workers over the past two days, there is now a severe shortage of staff. And due to the recent increase in death rates in Beijing, cremations are now scheduled for 5-7 days. There is a serious problem with the backlog of human remains," a Beijing hospital worker wrote on social media on Wednesday.
"There is a serious problem with the backlog of human remains." https://t.co/28H8nlL81f
— Radio Free Asia (@RadioFreeAsia) December 15, 2022
"We are very busy right now, with many cremations every day," a staff member at Babaoshan Crematorium in Beijing said when RFA called to inquire about the workload.
"It doesn't matter how many ovens there are; there are a lot of cases and we handle them 24 hours a day, with all-night cremations," the staffer said, saying it would take at least four days to schedule a cremation.
Baobashan Crematorium has 19 ovens, according to municipal records, each of which should be capable of handling more than 30 cremations per day. RFA estimated that Beijing has enough kilns to cremate more than 3,000 people a day without exceeding capacity.
Other Chinese social media users reported even longer wait times at the city's crematoriums, and several facilities told RFA that they were full or sold out.
The Chinese government has reported only 31,057 deaths at the World Health Organization (WHO) during the entire pandemic, and only 73 deaths in the past week. Among other clues that the true total could be much higher, RFA cited Taiwanese reports of obituaries appearing in Chinese universities – major centers of the latest wave of protests – and "a recent spike in elderly deaths in Beijing".
China has been to have problems urging older residents to get vaccinated or vaccinated, in part because they are wary of China's scandal-ridden pharmaceutical industry, worry about side effects for older people with pre-existing health conditions, and tend to prefer traditional herbal remedies. Unlike most other countries, China's early vaccination campaigns focused on young workers rather than the vulnerable elderly.
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In September two American tourists were stabbed at Amsterdam Central Station. The perpetrator had a terrorist motive, according to statements he made to the police. And last week the police arrested seven people in Arnhem and Weert. They were planning a major attack at a big event, according to the authorities.
The terrorism threat level as set by the Dutch National Coordinator for Counter-terrorism and Security is at level 4 out of 5. That means that there is a real chance of a terrorist attack in the Netherlands, but currently no concrete indications that one is being planned. The threat level was not increased after the above mentioned events.


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Impeachment push is symptom of underlying problems
Democrats bridle at the notion that the effort to impeach the president has distracted from the regular activities of Congress. Thus, Senator Bernie Sanders asserted in the 5th Democratic primaries debate that "Congress can walk and chew bubblegum at the same time." Transcript, p. 4.
In other words, we can deal with Trump's corruption, but we also have to stand up for the working families of this country. We also have to stand up to the fact that our political system is corrupt, dominated by a handful of billionaires, and that our economy is rigged with three people owning more wealth than the bottom half of America. We can do it all when we rally the American people in the cause of justice.
Really? On issue after issue, Congress has been getting very little real work done of late. Deficits & debt – border security – infrastructure – gun laws - you name it. And with the exception of the Republican tax cuts in 2017, we'd be hard pressed to cite any major legislation that has been passed in the past three years.
This sorry record can't simply be blamed on the president either, because the substandard performance of Congress became evident long before businessman/celebrity Donald Trump came down an escalator with his wife on June 16, 2015 and announced what was generally deemed an unlikely White House bid. See, e.g., our four part series on Government Run Amok Disease, Nov.-Dec. 2009.
Struck by indications that the U.S. system of government is no longer operating effectively – crucial issues ignored, bad ideas entertained, proposals presented deceptively, dissent dismissed – we decided to analyze the situation.
This entry will review several egregious examples of congressional inaction and discuss some of the underlying causes for political gridlock.
1. Budget system - Have the members of Congress passed any of the dozen appropriation bills that were supposed to be in place before Fiscal Year 2020 began on October 1? Nope, they're operating on a continuing resolution. That's no surprise, as our national legislature has only met this deadline four times (for FY 1977, 1989, 1995 & 1997) since the congressional budget rules were adopted. Congress has long struggled to pass spending bills on time, Drew Desilver, pewresearch.org, 1/16/18.
Extended just before Thanksgiving; the current CR is due to expire on December 20 (by which time FY 2020 will be 22% over) and will probably be extended again before the budget paperwork is completed. Trump signs continuing resolution, Nicole Grysko, federalnewsnetwork.com, 11/21/19.
The reported sticking point is border fencing. Hmm, that's what triggered the longest government shutdown on record (from 12/23/18 to 1/25/19). The amounts requested (some $5B per year) seem relatively insignificant in an annual budget of over $4 trillion, so why can't the two sides reach an understanding about the matter?
Underscoring this rather obvious question, the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2019 cleared the way for an across the board boost in so-called "discretionary spending" (total budget minus "mandatory" spending for entitlement programs, etc. and interest expense) that supposedly resolved differences of opinion about overall spending levels. Latest budget deal: faster process, similar results, 7/29/19.
2. Multiemployer pension plans – Almost all of these plans (promising pension benefits for some 10 million Americans) are significantly underfunded, with the federal government seen as the logical savior even though it didn't create the problem. The outlook keeps getting bleaker, and Congress appointed a joint select committee in early 2018 to study the matter and recommend a response. The JSC members attended meetings, heard testimony, etc. and drafted a report that apparently wouldn't have solved the problem (aside from ensuring pensioners would continue to get paid). JSC multiemployer's pension draft proposal would do more harm than good, Rachel Greszler, heritage.org, 11/28/18.
JSC Co-Chairs Rep. Sherrod Brown (D-OH) & Sen. Orrin Hatch (R-UT) subsequently announced that "meaningful progress toward a bipartisan proposal [had been made] and work will continue." Press release, 11/29/18. (Note: Sen. Hatch had not run for reelection in 2018, and he has since retired from the Senate.)
A number of conservative organizations (including SAFE) recently urged Congress not to bail out the multiemployer pension plans given the substantial price tag involved and the bad precedent that would be set re the looming insolvency of many state and local pension plans. Coalition letter to members of Congress, 10/15/19.
Underfunded pensions are a serious problem affecting private businesses, state and local governments, and their workers. Yet taxpayers have not caused these problems – pension managers have. Many pension plans in the multi-employer system face severe financial shortfalls and, on the whole, the system can only pay 42 cents of every dollar in promised benefits. Managers of both the pension funds and businesses created this sad problem; they should be accountable and find solutions that don't simply transfer the burden on the taxpayers.
At last report, a multiemployer plan bailout was being worked on in the Senate that would be somewhat less onerous than a bill previously passed by the House which the Congressional Budget Office scored as costing $55 billion over the next 30 years. (N.B. Never mind how the situation shows up on the books of the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation, the multiemployer retirement plans are currently underfunded by some $600 billion in the aggregate.) GOP senators unveil plan to shore up multiemployer pension plan, Sean Higgins, Washington Examiner, 11/20/19.
"Chairman [Chuck] Grassley and I have a balanced proposal to shore up the PBGC's role as an insurance company with a limited infusion of taxpayer dollars instead of an open-ended bailout and institute important structural reforms so this does not happen again," [Sen. Lamar] Alexander said. The senators did not state how many taxpayer dollars would be needed.
Reasonable minds may differ as to the appropriate solution to this problem, but the continued failure to take action is inexcusable. "Kicking the can down the road" is the essence of bad management, and it mirrors what is happening on many other problems, from floundering entitlement programs like Social Security and Medicare to soaring Postal Service deficits.
3. USMCA – Having threatened to withdraw from the North American Trade Agreement (NAFTA) that was implemented in 1994, the administration has drafted a replacement trade agreement with Mexico and Canada (US-Mexico-Canada Agreement, or USMCA). Whether or not the USMCA is far superior to NAFTA as the president maintains, it is strongly supported by the business community and merits congressional approval to ensure the stability of US trading relationships with these neighboring countries.
House Democrats have expressed willingness to support USMCA, presumably with some tweaks for which they could take credit, and there don't seem to be any major issues outstanding. The timing keeps getting pushed back, however, and Republicans complain that Speaker Nancy Pelosi has been stalling. GOP accuses Democrats of moving goalposts on Trump USMCA deal, Sean Higgins, Washington Examiner, 11/22/19.
"Every time the Trump administration meets the speaker halfway, she tries to move the goalposts another 10 yards," Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell said Wednesday. McConnell made his comments the day after House Speaker Nancy Pelosi quashed hopes for a quick vote on the USMCA. The announcement walked back a statement by Pelosi last week that a vote on the trade deal, which would replace the 1993 North American Free Trade Agreement, was "imminent." Pelosi made the statement following a meeting with AFL-CIO President Richard Trumka, a critic of the deal.
There is no valid reason to delay a resolution of this matter, in our opinion, and what's more the US needs to reassure Mexico, Canada and the business community that there aren't going to be any drastic changes in the established trade patterns. Speaker Pelosi's involvement in the negotiations with Mexico seems unusual, international diplomacy is normally the president's responsibility, but President Lopez Obrador has written her two letters at this point in an effort to gain her support. Pelosi wants to make Mexico pay for Trump deal? James Freeman, Wall Street Journal, 11/29/19.
The Speaker of the House who called a border wall with Mexico "an immorality" is still sitting on a Mexican request to approve a new trade agreement. What is the morality of ignoring this key priority of our southern neighbors?
After Sen. McConnell's comment, Speaker Pelosi softened her rhetoric – but there's still no guarantee of a timely vote on the USMCA. At the risk of sounding cynical, we predict that this matter won't be resolved for months. Pelosi says Democrats "within range" of agreement on Trump USMCA, Sean Higgins, Washington Examiner, 11/25/19.
4. Underlying causes – SAFE's 2009 essay about Government Run Amok Disease suggested (p. 23 et seq.) that the president and Congress have different capabilities and play complementary roles in the overall conduct of government.
If the U.S. system of government was likened to a motor vehicle, Congress might be seen as the brakes. It can block proposed programs by declining to provide the required funding. It can also kill established programs by withdrawing funding, although this power has been exercised all too infrequently.
When it comes to new undertakings or changes in policy, on the other hand, Congress is not equipped to provide effective leadership. With 500+ principals and an unwieldy structure, it has great difficulty making and implementing decisions. No wonder cynics say there are two things one should never watch, making sausage and making legislation.
The executive branch can act as the motor of government because its members all report to the president. *** [However,] presidents do not invariably provide good leadership – as has been demonstrated time and again – and someone needs to hold them accountable. As we said in last week's entry, after reviewing what happened after the Republican Party electoral comeback in 1994, "never place too much trust in any leader, group of leaders, or political party."
We appreciate the advice of Alexander Hamilton in Federalist Paper 70 that "energy in the executive" is a hallmark of good government, and also that it is better to vest the executive power in one person (the president) than in a council. As Hamilton also says, however, the legislature plays a key role in setting as opposed to executing policy.
"In the legislature, promptitude of decision is oftener an evil than a benefit. The differences of opinion, and the jarrings of parties in that department of the government, though they may sometimes obstruct salutary plans, yet often promote deliberation and circumspection; and serve to check excesses in the majority."
Note the potential for gridlock if the president (the motor) and leaders of one or both houses of Congress (the brakes) are from different political parties. And since 2007 (when SAFE's blog was launched), divided government has been the norm rather than the exception.
From the standpoint of enacting legislation, the most productive period was 2009-10 when Democrats not only controlled the White House but also enjoyed a comfortable majority in both houses of Congress. Major bills were a massive fiscal stimulus package in 2009, followed by GovCare and GovFinance (aka Dodd-Frank) in 2010. Also, a cap and trade proposal to curb the use of fossil fuels for the production of electrical power came close; it was passed by the House but defeated due to Democratic defections in the Senate.
None of these bills harmonized with SAFE's smaller government agenda, as was duly conveyed in the "government run amok" essays. We also advocated competing policy proposals even though they never got anywhere. See, e.g., In search of real healthcare reform, April 2009.
Legislation can be enacted during years of divided government, and the resulting give and take may potentially be constructive. Indeed, one of the major arguments against GovCare was that this was the first major entitlement program that had ever been created without support from both sides of the aisle.
Experience has shown, however, that bipartisan bills aren't necessarily beneficial. The last major energy bill, enacted with a show of bipartisanship in December 2007, resulted in the mandated use of ethanol motor fuel with disastrous economic and environmental effects. Renewable fuel standard is an unjustifiable giveaway, 6/10/19.
Also, a widening ideological divide between the two major party has made bipartisan compromise increasingly difficult. Consider these findings from in-depth polling and analysis by Pew Research (years 1994, 2004 & 2014). Mapping a perplexing political landscape, 7/21/14.
There is a growing ideological rift between the two parties, particularly among those members most engaged and active in political matters (as shown by not only registering to vote but also following the issues, writing letters, making political contributions, etc.). 38% of politically engaged Democrats are consistent liberals, today, and 33% of politically engaged Republicans are consistent conservatives.
Democratic and Republican views once overlapped to a considerable extent, but this is no longer true. 92% of Republicans are now to the right of the median Democrat, and 94% of Democrats are to the left of the median Republican.
Mutual antipathy is on the upswing, and it goes beyond mere disagreement. Thus, 27% of Democrats profess to see the Republican Party as a threat to the nation's well-being, while 36% of Republicans have the same view of the Democratic Party.
The last major attempt at bipartisan legislation was made in 2013 following reelection of President Obama. A "gang of eight" senators drafted a comprehensive immigration "reform" bill, which passed by a comfortable majority in the senior chamber only to die in the Republican-controlled House.
This outcome was understandable as the bill in question wasn't designed to solve the basic problem – stopping illegal immigration. Immigration reform, June 2013. But failure ensured that said problem would continue to fester.
Proponents say S. 744 would represent an improvement over the status quo and is likely the best deal we can get. Critics say it would work out like the 1986 amnesty bill, i.e., authorize the naturalization of millions of illegal immigrants without fixing the problem. [Based on a detailed review of the bill, SAFE agreed with the critics.]
Stymied in getting legislation enacted, the Obama administration fell back on increasingly aggressive administrative actions – notably including environmental regulations such as the Clean Power Plan and the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program to confer rights on children whose parents had brought them into this country illegally.
Even after Republicans won a Senate majority in the 2014 elections, they couldn't get their own legislation through Congress due to aggressive use of the Senate filibuster rules backed up by presidential vetoes when necessary. The government, it seemed, was growing ever more dysfunctional. President slams Republicans for legislative inaction, 9/20/16.
The outcome of the 2016 election brought back united government for the first time in six years, but the Republican margin in the Senate was very slim so proposed bills (notably repeal of GovCare) could be doomed by a handful of defectors. To make matters worse, Democrats engaged in unprecedented efforts to drown out or block GOP proposals by "whatever means necessary." A disturbing political climate, 7/2/18.
Only one major piece of conservative legislation – the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 – made it through the legislative maze. And as the president's other legislative proposals fizzled, he (like President Obama before him) often resorted to executive actions that fueled controversy and/or tested the limits of his constitutional powers.
Democrats won a House majority in the 2018 elections, strengthening their political hand and enabling them to launch an impeachment inquiry. Small wonder that so very little is being accomplished in DC of late.
Queries: (1) How much longer can the world's leading nation limp along with a government that only functions sporadically and often produces subpar answers? (2) What can be done to make things better?
Tags: Sen. Bernie Sanders, President Donald Trump, appropriation bills, continuing resolution, border fencing, Bipartisan Budget Act of 2019, multiemployer pension plans, joint select committee, Rep. Sherrod Brown, Sen. Orrin Hatch, Congressional Budget Office, NAFTA, USMCA, Rep. Nancy Pelosi, Sen. Mitch McConnell, Mexican President Lopez Obrador, presidental vs. congressional roles, Pew Resarch polling, Tax Cuts and Jobs Act
© 2020 Secure America's Future Economy • All rights reserved • www.S-A-F-E.org


Download the stock wallpapers of Meizu Pro 7 and Pro 7 Plus from the link provided below. Yesterday, Meizu unveiled both the smartphones in China, the sale of which will start from 5th August. The starting price of Pro 7 is $425 (approx.). Meizu officials did not disclose any information regarding the global availability of these smartphones. Though, it is expected that Meizu Pro 7 and Pro 7 Plus will be available in Asian market from the month of September.
The build quality of Pro 7 is excellent and it measures only 7.3mm in thickness. It comes with a beautiful 5.2 inch Super AMOLED display which carries a resolution of 1080 x 1920 pixels. It has another secondary display at the left-rear portion which is a 2inch AMOLED display with a resolution of 240 x 536 pixels. This is one of the unique design of this year in any smartphone. The phone runs on Flyme 6 which is based on Android 7.0 Nougat.
The phone is powered by MediaTek Helio X30 chipset with a 2.26GHz deca-core processor. It has PowerVR 7XTP GPU to handle the graphics requests. It is equipped with 4GB of RAM accompanied with 64GB or 128GB internal storage. Like other Meizu smartphones, Pro 7 and Pro 7 Plus, also does not come with any external memory card slot. On the camera section, it has a 12MP dual camera setup with dual LED flash light. On the front, it holds a 16MP camera with f/2.0 aperture. It has USB Type-C port, NFC and fingerprint sensors which are embedded on the front.
Under the hood, there resides a Li-Ion 3000 mAh battery which can power up the device for 18 hours at normal usage. The phone will be available in three colors, i.e. Black, gold, and red. To get further updates on the availability of Meizu Pro 7 and 7 Plus, stay tuned with us. Follow our social pages to download more such beautiful stock wallpapers for free.


The second meeting of the two teams in four days resulted in Newtownbutler deservedly winning the division title. The First Fermanaghs dominated from the outset, as three goals rattled the back of the Belcoo net in quick succession; despite the best efforts of Aodhan Cullen in goals and full backs Siofra McAloon and Rachel Nolan.
Michael Burns got the first point for Belcoo on the eighth minute, but this was answered with a fourth goal from Newtown. Belcoo took time to settle into the game and started generating scores with some well taken points by Michael Burns (2), Patrick Magee and Eve Barrett, before Newtownbutler finished the quarter with a fifth goal and a point. Score 0-5(5) to 5-1(11).
Newtownbutler continued to be strong in attack; scoring two more goals and point in the early moments of the second quarter. Michael Burns split the posts again before Newtown registered an eighth goal. Burns replied with two more points before Patrick Magee fed Eve Barrett to dink the ball over the bar.
The Newtownbutler attacks kept coming thick and fast, and there was a lot of hard work from the Belcoo backs; with Ciara Parker doing well and Siofra McAloon clearing the ball from danger while Riona Keaney saved two certain goals.
Another point from Michael Burns was followed by a goal from Patrick Magee after a good run and exchange of passes with Eve Barrett. Barrett registered another point but it was Newtown who finished the quarter with another point and a goal. Score 1-11(13) to 9-3(21).
The Newtown forward Darragh Chapman continued to be a thorn in Belcoo's side firing in two more goals at the start of the third quarter. Belcoo, winning the kickout; worked the ball forward for Eve Barrett to score another point. Newtown split the post twice more in this quarter, but there was some good work from Kayce Sweeney now in goals stopping further shots at goal. Rhys Ray was introduced at half forward and fought hard for possession. A nice move involving captain Scarlett O'Connor and Eve Barrett, saw Riona Keaney now in the forward line feed the ball to Nathan McGovern to get Belcoo's thirteenth point. Pressure from Aaron Ashley forced an over carry, the resulting free ended with Patrick Magee gathering the ball to put in the net for the second time. Score 2-13(17) to 11-5(27).
The final quarter was Belcoo's best spell of the game. They turned over possession several times. Finn Maes defended well. Michael Burns make a great block; the ball was gathered and passed down the field to Riona Keaney who was now going well with Eve Barrett to get another point.
Matthew Whitmore who had an excellent game in defence also forced an over carry early on: and from the resulting free kick Barrett was to score again. There was a further point and a goal from forward Patrick Magee to narrow the deficit to just five points, but with some re-shuffling in the opponent's camp, the young O' Rahilly's were hit with a flurry of goals (4) in the dying minutes of the game. Final score 3-16(22) to 15-5(35).
Team: Aodhan Cullen, Siofra McAloon, Rachel Nolan, Matthew Whitmore, Finn Maes, Michael Burns(0-7), Nathan McGovern (0-1), Scarlett O'Connor, Patrick Magee(3-2), Riona Keaney, Eve Barrett(0-6), Rhys Ray, Kayce Sweeney, Aaron Ashley, Ciara Parker, Lisa Lavery, Emilie McCallion, Lily-Mae McNulty, Shay Killilea, Megan Maguire, Caireann McGrath, Serena McKeown, Rian Kennedy, Jack O'Connor, Daithi McAloon, Conor Whitmore.


text:
Multi-million dollar tariffs on U.S. goods begins Monday
BRUSSELS, Belgium (AP) -- In the latest trans-Atlantic trade dispute, the European Union will start imposing millions of dollars in sanctions on U.S. goods Monday because of Washington's failure to end export tax breaks ruled illegal by the World Trade Organization.
"We've been waiting for years," European Commission spokesman Diego de Ojeda said Friday in confirming that the sanctions would go ahead as announced months ago. They "are automatic and there's nothing we can do about it."
Although the WTO has authorized a whopping $4 billion in sanctions -- the biggest amount ever -- the EU is taking a graduated approach intended to increase the pressure on Congress while limiting the disruption to European companies and consumers.
Sanctions hurt U.S. producers by making it more expensive for them to sell their products in Europe. But they can also backfire by pushing up prices in Europe or disrupting production if other suppliers can't be found.
"The longer Congress takes to act, the more damage could be done to U.S.-EU trade relations," said Richard Weiner, a trade lawyer with Sidley, Austin, Brown and Wood in Brussels.
The duty might not be taken seriously at first by U.S. exporters coasting on the weak dollar, he said. "But if that flipped and the dollar reached parity, this would become a major issue."
The WTO initially declared the U.S. law allowing big exporters to benefit from reduced export taxes to be illegal in 2000, and an amended law was rejected again in 2002. Last year the WTO authorized the EU to impose extra duties of up to 100 percent on $4 billion of U.S. trade, which it said was roughly equal to the estimated annual U.S. subsidy.
U.S. Trade Representative Robert Zoellick has warned that levying the full amount would be like a "nuclear bomb" on trade relations. The Bush administration has promised an overhaul but so far Congress has failed to pass a new law.
The dispute was high on the agenda for EU Trade Commissioner Pascal Lamy during his trip to Washington this week for talks with congressional and Bush administration figures.
The EU decided in December to impose tariffs from March 1, starting at 5 percent and increasing monthly up to 17 percent, unless a new law was enacted by then.
That means U.S. companies will have to pay an estimated $16.6 million in March, rising to $46.4 million by December for a total of $315 million in additional duties by the end of the year. The total could be more than twice that in 2005 if Congress fails to act.
U.S. jewelry exports, worth an annual $1.43 billion, will be among those hardest hit. Other items targeted include machinery, paper, fruits and vegetables, meat and dairy products, cotton and textiles, leather, tools, toys and sports equipment.
Boeing -- which saved $195 million in 2002 from the U.S. tax break -- is being spared because of pressure from European subcontractors.


J M Smucker Co (NYSE: SJM) shares touched a new 52-week high of $140.464 as the company reported stronger-than-expected earnings for its fourth quarter and offered upbeat forecast for the fiscal year 2017.
First Industrial Realty Trust, Inc. (NYSE: FR) shares gained 0.74 percent to reach a new 52-week high of $25.88. First Industrial Realty Trust shares have jumped 30.94 percent over the past 52 weeks, while the S&P 500 index has gained 0.49 percent in the same period.
Five9 Inc (NASDAQ: FIVN) shares gained 2.83 percent to reach a new 52-week high of $12.34. Craig-Hallum initiated coverage on Five9 with a Buy rating.
Wix.Com Ltd (NASDAQ: WIX) shares rose 4.94 percent to touch a new 52-week high of $29.33. Wix.Com shares have surged 14.60 percent over the past 52 weeks, while the S&P 500 index has gained 0.49 percent in the same period.


text:
Q: troubles with query I've got table TContractForm with fields idcontract(primary key),idcntrtype(foreign key),date_begin,date_end,cost. Also I've got 3 types of contracts:
TRentWhouseContract with fields idcontract,idclient,idpdtwhs
TRentShoppointContract with fields idcontract,idclient,idshoppoint,idshoptype
TRentEquipContract with fields idcontract,idclient,ideq,amount
idcntrtype - type of contract. TContractType - idcntrtype(primary key),idcntrclass(foreign key),name. TContractClass - idcntrclass,name.
I want to create a view with columns
idcontract,idclient,contract_type(name of type),contract_class(name of class),date_begin,date_end,cost.
But my query return nothing(I know I've got several contracts in TRentWhouseContract table(other tables has no rows)(it is without idclient because I don't know how to get the same idclient from different table if some table are empty).
select TCF.idcontract,
   --idclient
   TCF.date_begin,
   TCF.date_end,
   TCT.name as [type],
   TCC.name as class,
   TCF.cost
from TContractForm as TCF,
 TRentEquipContract as TREC,
 TRentShopPointContract as TRSPC,
 TRentWhouseContract as TRWC,
 TContractType as TCT,
 TContractClass as TCC
where TCF.idcontract = TREC.idcontract or TCF.idcontract = TRSPC.idcontract
  or TCF.idcontract = TRWC.idcontract and TCT.idcntrtype = TCF.idcntrtype
  and TCT.idcntrclass = TCC.idcntrclass

A: If I understand correctly, this is what I would do
select TCF.idcontract,
   --idclient
   TCF.date_begin,
   TCF.date_end,
   TCT.name as [type],
   TCC.name as class,
   TCF.cost
from TContractForm as TCF
JOIN TContractType as TCT
   ON TCT.idcntrtype=TCF.idcntrtype
JOIN TContractClass as TCC
   ON TCT.idcntrclass = TCC.idcntrclass
UNION
select TCF.idcontract,
   --idclient
   TCF.date_begin,
   TCF.date_end,
   TCT.name as [type],
   TCC.name as class,
   TCF.cost
from TRentWhouseContract as TCF
JOIN TContractType as TCT
   ON TCT.idcntrtype=TCF.idcntrtype
JOIN TContractClass as TCC
   ON TCT.idcntrclass = TCC.idcntrclass
UNION
select TCF.idcontract,
   --idclient
   TCF.date_begin,
   TCF.date_end,
   TCT.name as [type],
   TCC.name as class,
   TCF.cost
from TRentShoppointContract as TCF
JOIN TContractType as TCT
   ON TCT.idcntrtype=TCF.idcntrtype
JOIN TContractClass as TCC
   ON TCT.idcntrclass = TCC.idcntrclass
UNION
select TCF.idcontract,
   --idclient
   TCF.date_begin,
   TCF.date_end,
   TCT.name as [type],
   TCC.name as class,
   TCF.cost
from TRentEquipContract as TCF
JOIN TContractType as TCT
   ON TCT.idcntrtype=TCF.idcntrtype
JOIN TContractClass as TCC
   ON TCT.idcntrclass = TCC.idcntrclass

A: How to get idclient:
coalesce(TREC.idclient, TRSPC.idclient,TRWC.idclient) as idclient

Coalesce returns first non-missing value.
As for the rest - I think you should be doing left outer joins not comma joins, since you do not have some of the records in all tables (well, no records are in all tables!).
select...
from TCF,TCT,TCC ... A
 left join ... TREC on A.idcontract=TREC.idcontract
 left join ... TRSPC

etc.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Two home owners, one gun and five perps, who happen to look like Obama's sons, are not going to stop a five man mob with only two shots from a Biden approved shotgun, or with a Mario approved gun with mere seven rounds, not unless your gun in a 1911 and you are Annie Oakley. Score one for Big Sis.
Need I remind you that is not the job of the police to protect your life, rather merely to investigate your murder.


text:
HomeHealthRelief As Health Ministry Clarifies On Dead Body Secretly Flown Into Uganda
Relief As Health Ministry Clarifies On Dead Body Secretly Flown Into Uganda
The ministry of Health has cleared air on allegations circulating that there are two deceased bodies which were secretly flown into the country.
In a statement issued by the Health Ministry on April 22, 2020, none of the deceased Ugandans that were brought into the country from the Middle East had succumbed to covid19.
According to Dr. Henry Mwebesa, the director general of Health Services at the ministry of Health, the cause of the death of the individual from Dubai, UAE was an accident.
The body arrived at Entebbe International Airport on Saturday April 18 and he was buried safely, Dr. Mwebesa said.
The body was the from Doha, Qatar was of a person who died of Acute Respiratory Syndrome.
The body arrived at the Airport on Sunday April 19 and was received by A-Plus and two relatives of the deceased, Dr. Mwebesa said in a statement.
"On learning of the incident, the ministry of health and Uganda Red Cross teams took over the burial ceremonies from A-Plus and accorded the deceased a safe and dignified ceremonies… in Kayunga district," reads the statement.
Ministry Of Health Statement
Dr. Mwebesa said the six A-Plus staff and 2 relatives who received the body before the intervention of the ministry were put under a 14-day Institutional Quarantine in Kayunga.
On Sunday President Museveni warned that no one is allowed to bring dead bodies with in the country, more so when they have died of Covid-19 related cases
"Let no one bring any bodies of people that have died of Covid-19 to Uganda. Whoever dies of Covid-19 outside Uganda should be buried there, you can also choose to cremate them, but let no one bring the bodies here. Likewise, Ugandans who die as a result of coronavirus will be buried by the state with proper health precautions and procedure," he said.
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You don't need a lakefront property to enjoy the benefits of backyard water. Stacked pots filled with a pump and filled to the brim produce sounds reminiscent of lapping waves. The vessels' rolled rims -- and resulting cascades -- amplify the sound of the water, and their coloring corresponds with a nearby begonia.
2. Plug the drainage hole of the largest pot with foam sealant. Place the pot on a level surface. Cut a length of 1-inch-diameter flexible plastic tubing that, when inserted into a 375-gallon-per-hour pump, extends through both support pots and 6 inches above the base of the smallest display pot. Insert the tubing into the pump.
3. Place the pump in the base pot, running the power cord over the rim, toward a grounded exterior outlet. Invert the larger support pot over pump, propping it on wooden shims to allow water to flow underneath; feed the tubing through the drainage hole. Spray foam sealant around tubing to seal.
4. Position the second display pot; feed tube through hole. Seal with foam. Repeat with the remaining support and display pots. Add a flow-control valve a few inches from the end of the tube. Add water until the pots are overflowing; plug the pump into the outlet, adjusting pressure as needed.


Tís Christmas time at #casamx Cozumel.
Went #skindiving (that would be #snorkeling for those that don't habla #SCUBA) in the #koi #pond #koipond today to clean it up a bit and place/plant some new water plants for the koi (to devour once again I'm sure). Added some #koiclay so the water is a bit cloudy. Just started using the clay... we'll see how it does.
#billfish #art in 601 in our very good friends CB and Pam's room.
#turtle #art in the master bedroom in 601 across from the bed.


text:
Fall-Winter Newsletter
For Norbertines & Staff
Becoming A Norbertine
Becoming A Priest
Why Am I A Norbertine?
Daylesford Abbey
Parish Work
Bethesda Project
School Ministry
Isaiah 58 Ministry
Mass, Prayer and Sacraments
Schedule of Common Prayer
Abbey Funeral Policy
The Norbertines
Abbey Associates
Support Daylesford Abbey
Home > The Abbey > Abbey Funeral Policy
Abbey Funeral Policymatthoppe2019-06-05T17:02:27-05:00
Abbey Mission Statement
Daylesford Abbey exists to enrich the church by our Norbertine communio, nourished by contemplation on God's Word, made visible in worship and service within the local church.
from the Abbey Vision Statement…
God's gift of faith empowers us to believe that we are called to be a healing and reconciling community, an hospitable family, where any of God's children may find a sanctuary of healing and strength for Christ's mission.
Bringing a family member, loved one or friend to burial is an immensely significant moment in the lives of the mourners and the community to which the deceased belong. The rites of Christian burial, like all Catholic rites, are a celebration of the Paschal Mystery, our passing over with and in Christ from death to life.
THE ORDO
The Order of Christian Funerals states clearly that funeral rites have three purposes:
to render praise and thanks to God for the blessings that have come in and through the life and death of the deceased;
to pray for, intercede for, the deceased that, freed from all sin, he/she/they may be granted full participation at the heavenly wedding feast of the Lamb.
to be a source of present and future support for the mourners who in the rites profess their belief in life beyond the grave.
FOCUS OF THE RITE
Without ever losing sight of the fact that the community's memory in these rites is focused on the life and death of the one who has gone before us in Faith, we hold that the primary focus of the rites is God and giving thanks to God in the psalms and hymns, the texts and symbols of the sacramental rites.
Only novices and/or professed members of Daylesford Abbey have the right to be buried from the Abbey Church; the privilege of burial from the Abbey has been extended to our associates. Although any Catholic may request that his/her burial take place from any Catholic church and/or oratory other than his/her parish church, accepting that request depends on the policy of the community and/or pastor of the worship space. From time to time the Abbey has acceded to the request of others (besides professed and/or associates) to be buried from the Abbey but such requests must be approved by the Abbot. Among other considerations will be the availability of the Abbey Church.
MEMORIAL MASSES
Anyone may seek to arrange for a Memorial Mass at the Abbey but acceptance of such requests depends upon, among other circumstances, the use of the Church for the Abbey's common prayer and the programs of the Spirituality Center which will almost always take preference. As far as possible, we avoid the duplication of Masses and so Memorial Masses, especially on Saturdays, should be at the time of a regularly scheduled community celebration of the Eucharist.
LITURGICAL PRACTICE
In an age when we can make choices among hundreds of possibilities, we might think it natural to make choices regarding the burial of the dead primarily in terms of the individual mourner(s). Permission to celebrate a funeral Mass and/or Memorial Mass in the Abbey, however, presumes that the person and/or family making this request accept the usual liturgical practice of the Abbey for the Mass requested. All decisions about ministers, ritual, texts, music, and worship aid are to be approved by the Abbey Liturgy Director. The normative rites of the Roman Catholic Church are to be followed.
LITURGICAL SPECIFICS
The Abbey Liturgy Director will make available to the family of the deceased the model liturgical worship program to be used. This program will be prepared and printed by the Abbey. If the family of the deceased is given permission to prepare and print any liturgical worship aids, these are to be reviewed and approved by the Liturgy Director before being printed. (N.B.: A worship aid is not to be confused with a memorial card.(A photo suitable for a memorial card may not be appropriate for a worship aid.)
All readings are normally to be from the Lectionary for the Order for Christian Funerals. Lectors (readers), other than regular Abbey lectors, are to rehearse their readings in the Abbey Church at some time before the celebration. The Abbey Liturgy Director will provide acolytes.
All music selections and how they are to be performed need the approval of the Abbey Music Director. Popular or pre-recorded music, including music for a prelude, is excluded from the celebration of the funeral rites in the Abbey Church. Liturgical musicians other than those who regularly serve at the Abbey need to be approved by the Abbey Music Director.
Unless the visitation takes place immediately before the funeral Mass, it would normally not be held in the Abbey. There is no requirement that a eulogy (words of remembrance) be given at the end of the Eucharist. However, when the family requests it, a eulogy may be delivered prior to the opening song of the mass by no more than one person and nor for more than four minutes.
SUGGESTED FUNERAL DONATIONS
Cantor – $250
Organist – $250
Church – $500
This policy applies to all funerals and Memorial Masses celebrated in the Abbey even when family and/or friends of the deceased are not regular members of the Abbey assembly and/or when they arrange for such a celebration through an individual Norbertine priest.
Effective March 6, 2019 | Abbot Domenic A. Rossi, O. Praem.
© Daylesford Abbey 2019 | Sexual Misconduct Policy


text:
Garip Named to Census Bureau's National Advisory Committee on Racial, Ethnic, and Other Populations
By B. Rose Huber
Topics Demography, Immigration Migration, Refugees
Source Princeton School of Public and International Affairs
Sociologist Filiz Garip was nominated and selected for the Census Bureau's National Advisory Committee (NAC) on Racial, Ethnic, and Other Populations.
The committee aims to provide expertise and guidance on race, ethnic, and population issues — influencing the implementation of Census Bureau programs and surveys, including the decennial census.
Garip, professor of sociology and public affairs, was one of eight candidates chosen for the committee, and she will serve a three-year term. Her research portfolio is deeply rooted in migration patterns, economic sociology, and inequality. Her book, "On the Move: Changing Mechanisms of Mexico-U.S. Migration," reveals the true diversity of migrants from Mexico and their evolving migration patterns over time.
"I am honored to join this committee. This role will allow me to think more deeply about how scholarship can inform policy questions and vice versa. I hope to bring some of these insights into the SPIA classroom as well," Garip said.
NAC advises the Census Bureau on topics such as hard-to-count populations, race and ethnicity, language, aging populations, American Indian and Alaska Native tribal considerations, new immigrant populations, populations affected by natural disasters, highly mobile and migrant populations, complex households, rural populations, and population segments with limited access to technology. It also considers issues like data privacy and confidentiality.
As part of her role, Garip will engage in formal advisory committee meetings, webinars, web conferences, working groups, and other methods to accomplish NAC goals. Learn more.