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Does 'Trash Talk' Actually Motivate Employees to Work Harder?
By Chad Brooks, Writer July 11, 2017 02:30 pm EST
Credit: Nelen/Shutterstock
While trash talking is often used to get an opponent off their game in a sports setting, it often serves to motivate employees when used in the workplace, new research finds.
The study, from researchers at the The Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania, discovered that trash talking motivates those it is targeted at in ways that those dishing out the smack talk failed to predict.
"Trash talkers need to recognize that they are unintentionally boosting their targets' motivation and performance," the study's authors wrote.
For the study, the researchers defined trash talking as aggressive communication, such as boastful remarks about one's self or insulting remarks about an opponent. This type of discussion usually occurs before or during a competition.
"We conceptualize trash talking as competitive incivility," said Jeremy Yip, one of the study's authors and a Wharton visiting scholar and Georgetown University professor, in a podcast with Knowledge@Wharton, the school's online business journal. "That is, uncivil remarks or aggressive communication that is expressed between opponents."
For their research, the study's authors conducted a series of experiments and a pilot study. Overall, the researchers found that nearly 60 percent of employees say they witness or experience trash talking in their office at least once a month. [Have rude co-workers? How they can make you rude too]
In the experiments, researchers had participants complete various mundane tasks, such as counting letters or moving sliders, during which they received either trash talking or more neutral messages.
The study's authors found that in effort-based tasks, participants who received trash-talking messages outperformed those who didn't. They also discovered that trash talking triggers perceptions of rivalry, which also affects how much effort participants put into a task.
"Across our studies, we demonstrate that trash talking increases the psychological stakes of competition and motivates targets to outperform their opponents," Yip said in the podcast.
Extra motivation and improved performance weren't the only effects trash talking had, however. In some cases, like when a creative task was involved, it resulted in the victims of trash talking performing worse than those who weren't subjected to the aggressive communication.
"We find that trash talking harms creative performance," the study's authors wrote.
In addition, trash talking can spur unethical behavior. Maurice Schweitzer, one of the study's authors and a Wharton professor, said they found that people care so much about outperforming the person who is trash talking them that they will sometimes do whatever it takes to win.
"They're willing to both expend constructive effort but also engage in unethical behavior to make sure they outperform their competitor," Schweitzer said in the podcast.
The study also revealed that while trash talking can be a motivator for employees in competitive situations, it can have much more damaging effects in cooperative settings. The researchers said performance can be hurt when trash talking occurs between people who are working together.
"What's interesting is that trash talking can be very destructive in a cooperative setting, whereas it's motivating in a competitive setting," Schweitzer said in the podcast.
Knowing that trash talking can have different impacts depending on the situation, the researchers believe employers need to think long and hard about when they use, or allow, it.
"Organizational norms regarding trash talking are likely to vary widely, and we urge managers to think deliberately and strategically about the use of trash talking within their organization and between organizations," the study's authors wrote.
"For example, managers should think carefully about the types of tasks employees perform and how trash talking may boost performance on effort-based tasks but harm performance on cognitively demanding or creative tasks."
In addition, employers should keep a close eye on those who are targets of trash talking to ensure they stay within the lines of what's ethical.
"Our work reveals that targets of competitive incivility are more likely to cheat in order to outperform their uncivil opponents," the researchers wrote. "This reaction to incivility can have severe detrimental consequences for individuals and their organizations."
The study, which was also co-authored by Wharton professor Samir Nurmohamed, will appear in an upcoming issue of the Organizational Behavior and Human Decisions Processes journal.
Chad Brooks
Chad Brooks is a Chicago-based writer and editor with nearly 20 years in media. A 1998 journalism graduate of Indiana University, Chad began his career with Business News Daily in 2011 as a freelance writer. In 2014, he joined the staff full time as a senior writer. Before Business News Daily, Chad spent nearly a decade as a staff reporter for the Daily Herald in suburban Chicago, covering a wide array of topics including local and state government, crime, the legal system and education. Chad has also worked on the other side of the media industry, promoting small businesses throughout the United States for two years in a public relations role. His first book, How to Start a Home-Based App Development Business, was published in 2014. He lives with his wife and daughter in the Chicago suburbs.
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Une agglomération est un ensemble de bâtiments suffisamment proches, défini comme une ville-centre (au sens administratif) assortie de ses banlieues (entités administratives incluses dans la continuité urbaine) s'il y a lieu.

La notion peut également avoir une dimension politique, dans ce cas elle correspond à plusieurs entités administratives interconnectées, mais pas nécessairement agglomérées, qui gèrent leurs projets en commun (transports, déchets, projets de réhabilitation de quartiers, etc.).

Pour la circulation routière, la convention de Vienne définit une agglomération (agglomération en français, built-up area en anglais) comme un lieu où se trouvent des immeubles bâtis, et dont les entrées et sorties sont signalées comme telle, sauf lorsque la législation routière nationale le définit autrement. Le Royaume-Uni en particulier a une définition différente, basée sur la présence d'un éclairage.

Selon le pays

Belgique
En Belgique, une agglomération est définie par le code de la route. L'article 2.12 énonce : « Le terme « agglomération » désigne un espace qui comprend des immeubles bâtis et dont les accès sont indiqués par les signaux F1 et les sorties par les signaux F3 ».

Politiquement, au niveau des aires urbaines, le gouvernement fédéral reconnaît deux types d'agglomérations.

Les « grandes villes »
 Anvers
 Bruxelles
 Charleroi
 Gand
 Liège

Les « villes régionales »

L'agglomération bruxelloise a été une entité publique chargée de la gestion de certaines compétences économiques pour les dix-neuf communes de Bruxelles entre 1971 et 1989. Elle a été remplacée par la région de Bruxelles-Capitale en 1989.

Canada
Au Canada, aux fins de statistiques, une agglomération urbaine est désignée, selon le cas : « région métropolitaine de recensement » (RMR) ou « agglomération de recensement » (AR).

Québec

Historiquement, comme en France, le terme agglomération désignait un groupement d'habitations.

Au Québec, le terme a acquis une connotation administrative précise. À la suite des fusions municipales de 2002 et des défusions qui ont suivi, même si le morcellement politique du territoire des grandes villes est moindre qu'avant, il a obligé la formation de structures politiques pour chapeauter les ensembles anciennement fusionnés. L'Agglomération de Montréal et l'Agglomération de Québec sont des exemples des entités administratives ainsi créées.

France
En France, l'agglomération au sens physique a été définie par l'Insee comme une unité urbaine. Au sens politique, l'agglomération renvoie selon le nombre d'habitants à une Métropole (plus de ), une communauté urbaine (plus de ), une communauté d'agglomération (50 000 à , sauf chef-lieu de département : 30 000 à ) ou une communauté de communes (moins de , sauf chef-lieu de département : moins de ).

Historique et apparition en droit français
La jurisprudence de 1907 basée sur la loi du  considère qu'un maire ne peut réglementer la limitation de vitesse que dans les agglomérations de la commune, ou sur les routes qui n'appartiennent pas à la grande voirie. Elle se base sur des articles de la loi du , dont l'article 97 donne aux maires tous pouvoirs pour la sûreté et la commodité de passage sur les voix publiques du ressort de la commune, dont l'article 98 donne aux maires les pouvoirs de police au seul intérieur des agglomérations. Le jugement conclu qu'un seul groupe de maison entouré d'une grille et situé d'un seul côté de la route peut constituer une agglomération, mais que la route ne traverse pas cette agglomération.

Un concept d'agglomération existe déjà dans la loi française en 1908. À cette époque une agglomération distincte et séparée est constituée d'une école, d'une église et d'une agglomération de maisons, séparée d'un bourg distant.

 relative au renforcement et à la simplification de l'intercommunalité dite « loi Chevènement ». Avant cette loi, en droit, la définition de l'agglomération était liée principalement au code de la route. Le texte traitant de l'agglomération était le décret du  relatif à la police de la circulation routière donnant une définition purement matérielle de l'agglomération comme « un groupement d'immeubles sinon contigus, du moins suffisamment rapprochés, situés en bordure de la voie publique et donnant à celle-ci l'aspect d'une rue ». On constate que dès l'origine le caractère urbanisé (ici le « groupement d'immeubles ») définit le champ de l'agglomération. Le décret du  ne fait que reprendre la formulation du critère matériel (article R1 du code de la route), mais en instaurant un critère formel concernant « la limite des agglomérations qui doivent être définis par le maire sous approbation du Préfet ».

Ensuite deux modifications ont été opérées par le décret du . D'une part, la signalisation de l'agglomération par des panneaux d'entrée et de sortie constitue le second volet alternatif du critère formel. D'autre part, la notion d'espace apparaît dans le critère matériel de définition de l'agglomération (). En fait, la référence à l'espace renvoie au périmètre urbanisé. En effet, l'« espace » n'épouse pas une réalité fonctionnelle ; il ne prend pas en considération des relations d'interdépendances économiques. Donc, l'agglomération selon le code de la route se définit en fonction de ces trois critères cumulatifs, le second critère formel étant, pour le commissaire du gouvernement Ronny Abraham, une présomption simple permettant de rendre déterminant le critère matériel. Le code ne pose aucune condition de continuité dans la définition de l'espace urbanisé et l'agglomération peut être composée de quelques centaines d'habitants comme de plusieurs centaines de milliers puisqu'aucune condition de densité de population n'est fixée.

Mais cette apparente unité dans la définition de l'agglomération masque en vérité sa profonde hétérogénéité, car l'application de ces critères de définition est absente de certains domaines du droit où le concept d'agglomération est utilisé. En effet, il existe d'autres références juridiques de l'agglomération, mais sans définition précise voire n'explicitant en rien le concept d'agglomération. Donc, la « notion juridique d'agglomération souffre d'une aporie conceptuelle par l'absence d'une définition unitaire et précise pour être utilisée valablement juridiquement ». Cette aporie est d'autant plus préjudiciable que l'agglomération acquiert une envergure importante dans le paysage sociologique territorial français puisque 80 % de la population française vit dans des espaces urbanisés s'étendant sur plusieurs communes constituant des aires urbaines, des bassins d'emplois, axes de définition de « territoires pertinents ». En effet, « l'émergence de territoires pertinents, tels que les agglomérations et les pays, constitue une des mutations majeures de la décennie qui s'achève ». Cette mutation consiste en l'appréhension d'un périmètre pertinent de cohésion sociale, culturelle, géographique et économique dans lequel une solidarité territoriale puisse être effective sur la base d'un projet commun. Donc, l'aporie concernant la définition juridique de l'agglomération va être résolue par l'intégration de cette mutation en intégrant des éléments statistiques (par exemple, les notions d'aire urbaine ou de bassins d'emplois) ou géographiques dans les critères de définition juridique de l'agglomération.

Ceci va être fait par la loi dite Chevènement permettant l'émergence d'une définition effective de l'agglomération en droit et la traduction institutionnelle de l'agglomération par la création d'un nouvel établissement public intercommunal : la communauté d'agglomération.

Également, depuis 1982, date de la première décentralisation voulue par l'équipe Mitterrand-Defferre (et tous les textes qui ont suivi en complément direct, Chevènement inclus), les régions devaient remplacer, dans un avenir proche, les départements ; de même, les communautés de communes, d'agglomération ou urbaines devaient remplacer quasiment la commune. Le but était de faire des économies en termes de structures, d'investissement, de matériel et de salariés. En 2008, cette théorie semble un peu dénaturée ; il y a les communautés d'agglomération, mais les dépenses sont doubles voire triples, et les départements sont toujours une strate des collectivités territoriales. Il faut compter avec la commune, la communauté d'agglomération, le département, la région et l'État, chacun levant ses impôts.

Luxembourg
Au Luxembourg, il n'existe pas de définition officielle de l'agglomération ou d'unité urbaine et la notion de ville se limite administrativement à un statut juridique octroyé à douze communes et hérité du Moyen Âge.

Trois agglomérations ou « pôles urbains » sont toutefois reconnues même sans cadre juridique défini, notamment par l'Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques (STATEC) sur la base des travaux du LISER menés en 2008 et 2009, pour son Atlas démographique du Luxembourg :
 l'agglomération de Luxembourg, monocentrique, centrée autour de la ville de Luxembourg (neuf communes + trente et une communes dans la première couronne) ;
 la Nordstad, agglomération polycentrique du nord du pays centrée sur Diekirch et Ettelbruck (six communes au total) ;
 la région Sud, agglomération polycentrique située dans les Terres Rouges regroupant notamment Esch-sur-Alzette, Differdange et Dudelange (huit communes au total).

Suisse
Selon l'Office fédéral du développement territorial, en Suisse est considéré comme agglomération un ensemble d'au minimum  formé par la réunion des territoires de communes urbaines adjacentes. Une agglomération se constitue d'une ville centre et éventuellement d'autres communes dans la zone centrale ainsi qu'un ensemble de communes ayant un lien fonctionnel avec la zone centre. Pour qu'une commune soit considérée comme faisant partie d'une agglomération elle doit répondre à trois des cinq conditions suivantes :
 lien de continuité avec la ville-centre de l'agglomération ;
 densité élevée de population et d'emplois ;
 évolution démographique supérieure à la moyenne ;
 secteur agricole peu développé ;
 interdépendance prononcée de pendulaires avec la ville-centre et, suivant les cas avec d'autres communes de la zone-centre.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes

Liens externes

Urbanisme

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What Happens When Urban Rodents Take on a Human Diet?
A recent study suggests that human food waste is responsible for a genetic evolution in native NYC rodents.
Kierra Sondereker
© Envato ELements
In 2015, a video of a rat carrying an entire slice of pizza down the stairs into a New York City (NYC) Subway station went viral. Apparently, this type of diet for NYC rodents shouldn't be all that surprising. A recent study from the City University of New York (CUNY) and Fordham University shows that unhealthy human eating habits may be responsible for an evolutionary adaptation in NYC rodents.
The study suggests the change in these urban rodents likely stemmed from their primary consumption of human food waste, much of which consists of — you guessed it — fast food. It looks like even rodents have a hard time metabolizing the likes of McDonald's, Taco Bell and Burger King.
THE STUDY. Researchers Stephen Harris and Jason Munshi-South conducted the study, titled "Local adaptation in urban white-footed mice." The study examined the diet of 48 white-footed mice — which are native to North America — from three NYC parks and three rural areas. Harris and Munshi-South tested specifically for genetic variances in the mice genome structures and discovered 381 differences. They focused on 19 of these genetic variations, many of which perform the role of metabolizing lipids and carbohydrates.
"What we found was there were these mutations and signatures of evolution occurring in many genes that had to do with metabolism and the breakdown of fats from high-fat diets," Harris told PCT. He added that this link then led them to believe the genetic differences originated from something urban mice were eating that rural mice were not.
In the urban mice, evidence showed the genetic differences possibly originated from fatty liver disease, which is "a major hallmark of obesity and diabetes," according to the study. In humans, and now urban rodents, these health issues are caused by an increased consumption of foods high in fats and carbohydrates.
EVOLVING. The takeaway from this study, Harris said, was how such a small area could contain a large amount of genetically different mice.
"Usually what you would find is over hundreds of kilometers, these mice are just one population," said Harris. "We were finding that over one or two kilometers, the Manhattan mice were genetically distinct populations from the Queens mice."
The study ultimately suggests that these city mice could be evolving in response to what food source is available to them, which is mainly unhealthy human food waste on NYC streets. Unlike humans, however, Harris said this high-fat diet is not necessarily bad for these native urban rodents.
"I think it's more of just a response to the environment," Harris said. "I don't think it's affecting them positively or negatively in any meaningful way. It's more of understanding what happens when humans come in, pick a spot and turn it into a city. How do the native animals respond?"
WHAT'S NEXT? Harris said one main question their future research will try to answer is whether this genetic phenomenon is indicative of all urban environments, an "urban syndrome," as Harris calls it.
"This could be an extreme case of local adaption," Harris said. "And New York City is a special case because it is so densely populated. Central Park is completely shut off on all sides by streets and sidewalks."
Harris is currently working with a new lab at the State University of New York (SUNY) Purchase College and studying various urban species to see if this "urban syndrome" exists.
"I would like to generally look more at these urban adapters," said Harris. "Not pigeons, rats, cockroaches — things that travel with humans. I'd like to expand it out and look at urban adapters, native animals that also happen to do well in an urban setting."
The author is an Ohio-based writer. She can be contacted at ksondereker@gie.net.
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Who's been named on the UK and Ireland 30 under 30 rich list?
Dusty Baxter-Wright
November 1, 2022, 10:19 AM ·2 min read
Who's been named on the UK 30 under 30 rich list?Getty Images
Just like we love a snoop around celebrity homes, we also relish knowing how much famous people are worth. Despite having a packet of quavers (side note: top tier crisp) and a fiver to our name, we essentially punish ourselves by digging into the likes of Kim Kardashian and Molly-Mae Hague's net worth.
And a new report from Heat magazine details the richest celebrities in the UK and Ireland, who are under 30. Sadly we do not make the cut.
For the first time ever, Harry Styles has come in first place, possibly due to the fact Ed Sheeran (who retained the crown as the richest star for three years running until 2021) is now 31 and so doesn't qualify.
Following Harry, the rest of One Direction also make the cut, alongside new entries from Love Island's Amber Gill and new host of the show, Maya Jama. Model Cara Delevingne has risen from third to second from 2021, with Dua Lipa also rising up from number eight to number two this year, thanks to the mega successful Future Nostalgia tour and ambassador deals with the likes of Evian and YSL.
Antony Jones - Getty Images
Check out the full list below, featuring their ages too.
The UK and Ireland 30 under 30 rich list
Harry Styles, 28, £116m
Dua Lipa, 27, £69.1m
Cara Delevingne, 30, £63.8m
Niall Horan, 29, £58.4m
Louis Tomlinson, 30, £48.3m
Liam Payne, 29, £47.4m
Zayn Malik, 29, £38m
Sam Smith, 30, £37.8m
Daisy Ridley, 30, £36.1m
John Boyega, 30, £28.8m
Stormzy, 29, £27.8m
KSI, 29, £26.4m
Lewis Capaldi, 26, £20.3m
Millie Bobby Brown, 18, £19m
Jade Thirlwall, 29, £17.5m
Perrie Edwards, 29, £17.5m
Tom Holland, 26, £15.7m
George Ezra, 29, £15.5m
Sophie Turner, 26, £14.7m
Tommy Mallet, 30, £14.7m
Sam Fender, 28, £10m NEW ENTRY
Charli XCX, 30, £9.2m NEW ENTRY
Maisie Williams, 25, £9m
Saoirse Ronan, 28, £8.1m
Dave, 24, £7.4m
Molly-Mae Hague, 23, and Tommy Fury, 23, £6.5m, NEW ENTRY
Jake Bugg, 28, £6.4m
Jodie Comer, 29, £6.2m
29. Maya Jama, 28, £5.3m, NEW ENTRY
30. Amber Gill, 25, £4.5m, NEW ENTRY
Star Wars stars John Boyega and Daisy Ridley make the cut for a third year in a row - the same as Game Of Thrones' Sophie Turner and Maisie Williams - while Sam Fender and Charli XCX have also made their first appearance in the list.
Tim P. Whitby - Getty Images
The list also named the wealthiest stars globally:
Wealthiest stars outside the UK
Kylie Jenner, 25, £770m
Justin Bieber, 28, £397m
Miley Cyrus, 29, £225m
Ariana Grande, 29, £192m
BTS, £123m
John Shearer - Getty Images
Do you think any of them want to take us for dinner?
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Burbank, CA – The Martial Arts History Museum is honored to receive a $5,000 financial grant from the Community Foundation of the Verdugos this month. Funds will be applied to replacing their display monitors as well as updating their entire computer editing system.
The Martial Arts History Museum is a place for all ages to enjoy. Children and visitors have the opportunity to learn about artistry, music, culture and tradition and how Asian history became part of American history through the martial arts.
In addition to tour groups, the museum creates special visitations for mentally and physically challenged children. They work with dementia and Alzheimer patients on a regular basis and they accommodate a number of associations including the Make a Wish Foundation.
"The Community Foundation of the Verdugos has done a tremendous job in bringing each community together and we are so glad to be part of that effort. Our thanks to all those who made this grant possible," concludes Matsuda.
The Martial Arts History Museum is a non-profit 501(c)(3) organization and is completely dependent on grants, donations, visitations and memberships. Please consider making a donation today. For information, visit their website at Mamuseum.com or call (818) 478-1722.


text:
Q: Move 0's to end of array I need to move all 0's in an array to the end of the array.
Example: [1, 10, 0, 5, 7] should result in [1, 10, 5, 7, 0].
I am open to doing a reverse loop or a regular loop.
I cannot create a new array.
Here is what I have so far:
for (int i = arr.length; i <= 0; --i) {
    if (arr[i] != 0) {
        arr[i] = arr.length - 1;
    }
}

Thanks!

A: Two choices come to mind

*

*Create a new array of the same size, then Iterate over your current array and only populate the new array with values. Then fill the remaining entries in the new array with "zeros"

*Without creating a new array you can iterate over your current array backwards and when you  encounter a "zero" swap it with the last element of your array. You'll need to keep a count of the number of "zero" elements swapped so that when you swap for a second time, you swap with the last-1  element, and so forth.

[Edit] 7 years after originally posting to address the "ordering" issue and "last element is zero" issues left in the comments
public class MyClass {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        int[] elements = new int[] {1,0,2,0,3,0};

        int lastIndex = elements.length-1;

        // loop backwards looking for zeroes
        for(int i = lastIndex; i >=0; i--) {
            if(elements[i] == 0) {
                // found a zero, so loop forwards from here
                for(int j = i; j < lastIndex; j++) {
                    if(elements[j+1] == 0 || j == lastIndex) {
                        // either at the end of the array, or we've run into another zero near the end
                        break;
                    }
                    else {
                        // bubble up the zero we found one element at a time to push it to the end
                        int temp = elements[j+1];
                        elements[j+1] = elements[j];
                        elements[j] = temp;
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(elements));
    }
}

Gives you...
[1, 2, 3, 0, 0, 0]

A: Basic solution is to establish an inductive hypothesis that the subarray can be kept solved. Then extend the subarray by one element and maintain the hypothesis. In that case there are two branches - if next element is zero, do nothing. If next element is non-zero, swap it with the first zero in the row.
Anyway, the solution (in C# though) after this idea is optimized looks like this:
void MoveZeros(int[] a)
{

    int i = 0;

    for (int j = 0; j < a.Length; j++)
        if (a[j] != 0)
            a[i++] = a[j];

    while (i < a.Length)
        a[i++] = 0;

}

There is a bit of thinking that leads to this solution, starting from the inductive solution which can be formally proven correct. If you're interested, the whole analysis is here: Moving Zero Values to the End of the Array

A: SIZE(n) where n = arr.size, retain ordering:
Create an array that is the same size as the initial array you need to remove 0s from.  Iterate over the original array and add each element to the new array provided it is not 0.  When you encounter a 0, count it.  Now, when you've reached the end of the first array, simply add the counted number of 0s to the end of the array.  And, even simpler, since Java initializes arrays to 0, you can forget about adding the zeroes at the end.

Edit
Since you have added the additional constraint of not being able to create a new array, we need to take a slightly different approach than the one I've suggested above.
SIZE(1)
I assume the array needs to remain in the same order as it was before the 0s were moved to the end. If this is not the case there is another trivial solution as detailed in Brads answer: initialize a "last zero" index to the last element of the array and then iterate backwards swapping any zeros with the index of the last zero which is decremented each time you perform a swap or see a zero.
SIZE(1), retain ordering:
To move the 0s to the end without duplicating the array and keeping the elements in the proper order, you can do exactly as I've suggested without duplicating the array but keeping two indices over the same array.
Start with two indices over the array.  Instead of copying the element to the new array if it is not zero, leave it where it is and increment both indices.  When you reach a zero, increment only one index.  Now, if the two indices are not the same, and you are not looking at a 0, swap current element the location of the index that has fallen behind (due to encountered 0s).  In both cases, increment the other index provided the current element is not 0.
It will look something like this:
int max = arr.length;
for (int i = 0, int j = 0; j < max; j++) {
  if (arr[j] != 0) {
    if (i < j) {
      swap(arr, i, j);
    }
    i++
  }
}

Running this on:
{ 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 0, 5, 0 }

yeilds:
{ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }

I made a fully working version for anyone who's curious.

A: var size = 10;
var elemnts = [0, 0, 1, 4, 5, 0,-1];
var pos = 0;
for (var i = 0; i < elemnts.length; i++) {
    if (elemnts[i] != 0) {
        elemnts[pos] = elemnts[i];
        pos++;
        console.log(elemnts[i]);
    }
}
for (var i = pos; i < elemnts.length; i++) {
    elemnts[pos++] = 0;
    console.log(elemnts[pos]);
}

A: int arrNew[] = new int[arr.length];
int index = 0;
for(int i=0;i<arr.length;i++){
    if(arr[i]!=0){
       arrNew[index]=arr[i];
       index++;
    }
}

Since the array of int's is initialized to zero(according to the language spec). this will have the effect you want, and will move everything else up sequentially.
Edit: Based on your edit that you cannot use a new array this answer doesnt cover your requirements.  You would instead need to check for a zero(starting at the end of the array and working to the start) and swap with the last element of the array and then decrease the index of your last-nonzero element that you would then swap with next.  Ex:
int lastZero = arr.length - 1;
if(arr[i] == 0){
  //perform swap and decrement lastZero by 1 I will leave this part up to you
}

A: /// <summary>
/// From a given array send al zeros to the end (C# solution)
/// </summary>
/// <param name="numbersArray">The array of numbers</param>
/// <returns>Array with zeros at the end</returns>
public static int[] SendZerosToEnd(int[] numbersArray)
{
    // Edge case if the array is null or is not long enough then we do
    // something in this case we return the same array with no changes
    // You can always decide to return an exception as well
    if (numbersArray == null ||
        numbersArray.Length < 2)
    {
        return numbersArray;
    }

    // We keep track of our second pointer and the last element index
    int secondIndex = numbersArray.Length - 2,
        lastIndex = secondIndex;

    for (int i = secondIndex; i >= 0; i--)
    {
        secondIndex = i;

        if (numbersArray[i] == 0)
        {
            // While our pointer reaches the end or the next element
            // is a zero we swap elements
            while (secondIndex != lastIndex ||
                numbersArray[secondIndex + 1] != 0)
            {
                numbersArray[secondIndex] = numbersArray[secondIndex + 1];
                numbersArray[secondIndex + 1] = 0;

                ++secondIndex;
            }
            // This solution is like having two pointers
            // Also if we look at the solution you do not pass more than
            // 2 times actual array will be resume as O(N) complexity
        }
    }
    // We return the same array with no new one created
    return numbersArray;
}

A: In case if question adds following condition.

*

*Time complexity must be O(n) - You can iterate only once.

*Extra
space complexity must be O(1) - You cannot create extra array.

Then following implementation will work fine.
Steps to be followed :

*

*Iterate through array & maintain a count of non-zero elements.

*Whenever we encounter a non-zero element put at count location in array & also increase the count.

*Once array is iterated completely put the zeros at end of array till the count reach to original length of array.

public static void main(String args[]) {
  int[] array = { 1, 0, 3, 0, 0, 4, 0, 6, 0, 9 };
  // Maintaining count of non zero elements
  int count = -1;
  // Iterating through array and copying non zero elements in front of array.
  for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
      if (array[i] != 0)
          array[++count] = array[i];
  }
  // Replacing end elements with zero
  while (count < array.length - 1)
      array[++count] = 0;
  for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
      System.out.print(array[i] + " ");
  }
}

A: Time complexity = O(n), Space Complexity = O(1)
import java.util.Scanner;

public class ShiftZeroesToBack {

    int[] array;
    void shiftZeroes(int[] array) {

        int previousK = 0;
        int firstTime = 0;

        for(int k = 0; k < array.length - 1; k++) {

            if(array[k] == 0 && array[k + 1] != 0 && firstTime != 0) {
                int temp = array[previousK];
                array[previousK] = array[k + 1];
                array[k + 1] = temp;
                previousK = previousK + 1;
                continue;
            }

            if(array[k] == 0 && array[k + 1] != 0) {
               int temp = array[k];
               array[k] = array[k + 1];
               array[k + 1] = temp;
               continue;
            }

            if(array[k] == 0 && array[k + 1] == 0) {
                if(firstTime == 0) {
                    previousK = k;
                    firstTime = 1;
                }
            }

       }
   }

   int[] input(Scanner scanner, int size) {
       array = new int[size];
       for(int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
           array[i] = scanner.nextInt();
       }
       return array;
   }

   void print() {
       System.out.println();
       for(int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
           System.out.print(array[i] + " ");
       }
       System.out.println();
   }

   public static void main(String[] args) {
       Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
       ShiftZeroesToBack sztb = new ShiftZeroesToBack();
       System.out.print("Enter Size of Array\t");
       int size = scanner.nextInt();
       int[] input = sztb.input(scanner, size);
       sztb.shiftZeroes(input);
       sztb.print();
   }

}

A: let's say we have an array
[5,4,0,0,6,7,0,8,9]

Let's assume we have array elements between 0-100, now our goal is to move all 0's at the end of the array.
now hold 0 from the array and check it with non zero element if any non zero element found swap with that element and so on, at the end of the loop we will find the solution.
here is the code
for (int i = 0; i < outputArr.length; i++)
  {

      for (int j = i+1; j < outputArr.length; j++)
  {
        if(outputArr[i]==0 && outputArr[j]!=0){

            int temp = outputArr[i];
            outputArr[i] = outputArr[j];
            outputArr[j] = temp;

        }

     }
        print outputArr[i]....
}

output:
[5,4,6,7,8,9,0,0,0]

A: Here is how i have implemented this.
Time complexity: O(n) and Space Complexity: O(1)
Below is the code snippet:
int arr[] = {0, 1, 0, 0, 2, 3, 0, 4, 0};
int i=0, k = 0;
int n = sizeof(arr)/sizeof(arr[0]);
for(i = 0; i<n; i++)
{
  if(arr[i]==0)
    continue;
  arr[k++]=arr[i];
}
for(i=k;i<n;i++)
{
  arr[i]=0;
}

output: {1, 2, 3, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}

Explanation: using another variable k to hold index location, non-zero elements are shifted to the front while maintaining the order. After traversing the array, non-zero elements are shifted to the front of array and another loop starting from k is used to override the remaining positions with zeros.

A: This is my code with 2 for loops:
int [] arr = {0, 4, 2, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 5, 0, 9,};
int temp;
for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++)
{
  if (arr[i] == 0)
  {
    for (int j = i + 1; j < arr.length; j++)
    {
      if (arr[j] != 0)
      {
        temp = arr[j];
        arr[j] = arr[i];
        arr[i] = temp;
        break;
      }
    }
  }
}

System.out.println(Arrays.toString(arr));

output: [4, 2, 1, 1, 5, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]

A: This is One method of Moving the zeroes to the end of the array.
public class SeparateZeroes1  {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        int[] a = {0,1,0,3,0,0,345,12,0,13};

        movezeroes(a);
    }

    static void movezeroes(int[] a) {
        int lastNonZeroIndex = 0;
     // If the current element is not 0, then we need to
        // append it just in front of last non 0 element we found.
    for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
        if (a[i]  != 0 ) {
            a[lastNonZeroIndex++] = a[i];
        }
    }//for

    // We just need to fill remaining array with 0's.
    for (int i = lastNonZeroIndex; i < a.length; i++) {
        a[i] = 0;
    }
   System.out.println( lastNonZeroIndex         );
 System.out.println(Arrays.toString(a));

    }
}

This is very simple in Python. We will do it with list comprehension
a =[0,1,0,3,0,0,345,12,0,13]
def fix(a):
    return ([x for x in a if x != 0] + [x for x in a if x ==0])

print(fix(a))

A:      public static void main(String[] args) {
            Integer a[] = {10,0,0,0,6,0,0,0,70,6,7,8,0,4,0};
            int flag = 0;int count =0;
                for(int i=0;i<a.length;i++) {
                if(a[i]==0 ) {
                    flag=1;
                    count++;
                }else if(a[i]!=0) {
                    flag=0;
                }
                if(flag==0 && count>0 && a[i]!=0) {
                    a[i-count] = a[i];
                    a[i]=0;
                }
            }
}

A:     int[] nums = { 3, 1, 2, 5, 4, 6, 3, 2, 1, 6, 7, 9, 3, 8, 0, 4, 2, 4, 6, 4 };
    List<Integer> list1 = new ArrayList<>();
    List<Integer> list2 = new ArrayList<>();

    for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {
        if (nums[i] == 3) {
            list1.add(nums[i]);
        } else if (nums[i] != 3) {
            list2.add(nums[i]);
        }
    }
    List<Integer> finalList = new ArrayList<>(list2);
    finalList.addAll(list1);
}

}

A: int[] nums = {3,1,2,5,4,6,3,2,1,6,7,9,3,8,0,4,2,4,6,4};
    int i = 0;
    for(int j = 0, s = nums.length; j < s;) {
        if(nums[j] == 3)
            j++;
        else {
            int temp = nums[i];
            nums[i] = nums[j];``
            nums[j] = temp;
            i ++;
            j ++;
        }
    }

A: For Integer array it can be as simple as
Integer[] numbers = { 1, 10, 0, 5, 7 };
Arrays.sort(numbers, Comparator.comparing(n -> n == 0));

For int array :
int[] numbers = { 1, 10, 0, 5, 7 };
 numbers = IntStream.of(numbers).boxed()
                    .sorted(Comparator.comparing(n -> n == 0))
                    .mapToInt(i->i).toArray();

Output of both:

[1, 10, 5, 7, 0]

A: Lets say, you have an array like
int a[] = {0,3,0,4,5,6,0};

Then you can sort it like,
   for(int i=0;i<a.length;i++){
    for(int j=i+1;j<a.length;j++){
    if(a[i]==0 && a[j]!=0){
    a[i]==a[j];
    a[j]=0;
    }
    }
    }

A: public void test1(){

    int [] arr = {0,1,0,4,0,3,2};
    System.out.println("Lenght of array is " + arr.length);

    for(int i=0; i < arr.length; i++){

        for(int j=0; j < arr.length - i - 1; j++){
            if(arr[j] == 0){
                int temp = arr[j];
                arr[j] = arr[arr.length - i - 1];
                arr[arr.length - i - 1] = temp;
            }
        }
    }

    for(int x = 0; x < arr.length; x++){
        System.out.println(arr[x]);
    }
}

A: Have a look at this function code:
vector<int> Solution::solve(vector<int> &arr) {
    int count = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < arr.size(); i++)
        if (arr[i] != 0)
            arr[count++] = arr[i];
    while (count < arr.size())
        arr[count++] = 0;
    return arr;
}

A:   import java.io.*;
  import java.util.*;

  class Solution {

  public static int[] moveZerosToEnd(int[] arr) {

  int j = 0;
  for(int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
    if(arr[i] != 0) {
      swap(arr, i, j);
      j++;
    }
   }
    return arr;
  }
 private static void swap(int arr[], int i, int j){
      int temp = arr[j];
      arr[j] = arr[i];
      arr[i] = temp;
   }

public static void main(String[] args) {
   int arr[] =new int[] {1, 10, 0, 2, 8, 3, 0, 0, 6, 4, 0, 5, 7, 0 };
   System.out.println(Arrays.toString(moveZerosToEnd(arr)));
  }
}

A: Reimplemented this in Python:
Pythonic way:
lst = [ 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 0, 5, 0 ]

for i, val in enumerate(lst):
  if lst[i] == 0:
    lst.pop(i)
    lst.append(0)

print("{}".format(lst))

@dcow's implementation in python:
lst = [ 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 0, 5, 0 ]

i = 0                      # init the index value
for j in range(len(lst)):  # using the length of list as the range
  if lst[j] != 0:
    if i < j:
      lst[i], lst[j] = lst[j], lst[i]  # swap the 2 elems.
  i += 1

 print("{}".format(lst))

A: a = [ 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 0, 5, 0 ]

count = 0
for i in range(len(a)):
    if a[i] != 0:
        a[count], a[i] = a[i], a[count]
        count += 1

print(a)
#op [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Throughout this tutorial I have taught you how to use PHP to interact with a MySQL (or SQL) database and how to use the most common commands available. I have, throughout this tutorial, also shown you how to create a basic contacts management system to illustrate some of the options you can use. In this part I will show you some final MySQL tips and will give you a final version of the script.
at the beginning. Then, you can use the variables $username, $password and $database throughout your scripts without having to define them every time. Also, if you ever change this information, for example if you move to another web host, there is only one file to change.
You can use the same principal to connect to the database, by putting the connection code in the file, but you must always be sure to close the connection in each file or you may have problems with your MySQL server.
which would output any rows with piano in the specified field.
The piano is next to the table.
Throughout this tutorial I have given you pieces of code to make a contacts database script. You can download the full script as a zip file so that you can examine the code (see Related Links).
From this tutorial you should now know the basics of using PHP and MySQL together to create database-enabled websites and programs. Using databases with the web opens up a huge new selection of things you can do and can make a simple website much more powerful, saving time updating the site, allowing user interaction and feedback and much more.


text:
Entrepreneurs: how to present yourselves to convince investors
Events Apr 18, 2018
As part of a cycle of Partech Shake & Learn Talks on communications, in this first session, Benjamin Grange, COO of Dentsu Aegis Network and CEO of Dentsu Consulting focused on how to enhance a start-up's attractivity in preparation for a fundraise. He and Antoine Cardoso, co-founder and CEO of WeMoms (the mom's advice app mentored by Dentsu Consulting) shared their insight and experience.
Dentsu Aegis Network is the 4th largest global communications company with over 48,000 employees active worldwide. Last year, Dentsu Consulting launched "Startup lift" a coaching offer that provides communications support to startups during the fundraising phase (A & B series). "The idea is to boost the startup's valuation and desirability at this key moment: storytelling, positioning, value proposition…, explained Benjamin Grange. French entrepreneurs don't always put on their best show when they are approaching the fundraising stage: often during the investor pitch, many form or content pitfalls become apparent, with potential negative impact. We want you to knock on investors doors when you have maximized your assets and are at your most desirable. There are keys to this which we will explain to you today. We recently supported Antoine Cardoso, co-founder and CEO of WeMoms for the 6 months prior to his recent fundraising".
WeMoms is the first app to enable advice-sharing between moms (the young moms' Facebook). Since its launch in 2015, the company has raised 3 million euros and is about to launch a third round of fundraising. "Just like a lot of other startups, I had a negative image of the press – I thought that it was time consuming" recalls Antoine Cardoso. However, everybody reads newspapers, watches the news on TV, listens to the radio… As an entrepreneur, having a good product or service is not enough, you need to sell it well. And this won't happen unless consumers are aware that your product exists. In addition to mothers who hardly read the press, we wanted to reach advertisers and investors. You need to develop your brand awareness to attract good recruits, develop your business and raise funds. Benjamin Grange from Dentsu really changed my negative view of the press. He helped me with public speaking and dealing with the media. *The results were amazing: over 7 months we had 150 press mentions, including with major media such as Le Monde, Les Echos, Challenge, BFM, Europe 1…This global press momentum contributed to our fundraising success."
Media: a key ingredient for project emergence
Benjamin Grange: Having the best products and project is not sufficient to make you emerge: you need to build your media presence, as this will:
- boost your notoriety: remember that around 100 press hits are equivalent to 150 million euros spending
- give you a "stamp of approval": figures of authority will bring true credibility to your project and they will promote your company.
Media coverage will reinforce the bond and the interest of your projects ahead of fund raising. We believe that it can increase pre-fundraising value by 10 %! Being well-prepared and building an ad-hoc communications campaign ahead of the fund raising phase increases the probability that your project will stand out to investors amongst the other equally quality projects.
What investors really look at
Benjamin Grange: You as an entrepreneur may be worried about your valuation or profitability when meeting a fund, but when meeting you, funds have other concerns. They often find that entrepreneurs have too technical a vision of their projects, focusing on the 6 months post-fundraising, while investors are interested in long-term vision and your project's potential. Don't under-estimate the following:
- you need to provide investors with a global vision and a clear description of your purpose and your market (are you creating a market, are you entering an existing market?) Provide figures on consumers, markets, usage data…
- what is your ambition, your positioning and your motivation? If you are looking to raise 1 million euros, you need to project further than short-term challenges such as entering a new market.
Your purpose, vision, positioning, ambition and markets are the key elements that you shouldn't under-estimate.
Perfecting your pitch - form counts too!
Benjamin Grange: Storytelling, posture, a closely-knit team … all these elements are key to capturing investor attention, especially during the first 5 to 10 minutes. This is why Dentsu works with you on your posture, message clarity, storytelling… ingredients that can bring an emotional dimension to your project, in addition to the material aspects. Investors appreciate these elements of form and you often underwork them. At Dentsu, we try to re-balance these components so that you are at your peak when meeting with investors.
We work at providing you with a stamp of approval so that investors have already heard about you by the time they meet you. Trust comes from concrete evidence: commercial contacts, prototypes, institutional intentions…all these will give credit to your projects and we at Dentsu try to valorize and create this body of evidence. Similar to training for a race, we work with startups for 4 to 6 months so that they are fully prepared when meeting with investors.
Antoine, do you remember your first meeting with us?
Antoine Cardoso: We had to do a blank pitch in real conditions, which was filmed. Benjamin and his team put us in a very stressful situation and did nothing at all to put us at ease. It was very unpleasant. Benjamin pinpointed all the negative aspects of our blank pitch and this was used as a base during our training to improve both form and content.
Benjamin Grange: We always use this filmed blank pitch method as a reference for improvement. We tend to apply a lot of pressure during this exercise because real pitching is very stressful. We ask our "trainees" to pitch in front of other people, from different sectors with different views. Our aim is to increase the perception of attractiveness of your project using different means: connection with our network, valorization in the media, improved positioning: anything that will enhance the attractivity of your project.
Antoine Cardoso: What is difficult when pitching is the lack of constructive feedback afterwards. I strongly recommend asking investors what they really think about your pitch. You will save a lot of time and this is what we received from Benjamin Grange and his team.
Benjamin Grange: Our goal is to build a relationship of trust with you, so that you can successfully raise money. We charge success fees, so your objective is also our objective.
Antoine, you are about to close your series-A: can you give us 3 tips before a fundraising?
Antoine Cardoso: 1/ be well prepared: don't start too early or too late. You need to be ready on metrics, traction, teams, vision so that you are able to fully defend these fundamentals.
2/ be as quick as possible: fix a deadline and communicate a feeling of urgency to your investors during the investors round. It is better to stop a fundraising round which is not working than to continue and spend cash needlessly.
3/ choose the right investors: make sure they are ready to follow you right away.
Benjamin Grange: It's true, there is a kind of herding effect amongst some investors: the first one to accept will convince the others, so it is key to have the first investor make his decision as fast as possible! Part of the investor decision is based on rational elements; another part is emotional. So, you should try to play on this emotional side. Investors will dive in if they believe in your project. You need to be inhabited by your project. An entrepreneur's belief in his own project makes all the difference because it is a vector of emotion.
Benjamin, what motivates your decision to support an entrepreneur?
We look at two criteria:
- the entrepreneur's capacity to reach the end of the process because we also take a risk with him. We charge a small fee at the beginning of the mission to cover our costs and then a success fee;
- our capacity to help them and to be sure that there is a fit between us.
Benjamin, do you also cover slide show redaction and contact settings with investors?
We write the deck with a corporate bank or a fundraiser intermediary if there is one. But we don't put you in contact with investors for a very simple reason: we are also senior adviser in investment funds. We can't be judge and jury.
Antoine, what would you do differently if you had to raise funds again?
What is important is to spend as little money as possible, so you can do as much as possible, without depending on investors. We tend to think that we necessarily need investors and we raise money to go faster. You can do a lot when you raise money but remember that raising money is a very stressful full-time job. You should strive to have the lowest costs and the highest revenues in order to keep investors away so that fundraising is not a survival technique but an acceleration criterion.
Try to be profitable and forget about vanity. Think about what really adds value to your business and don't recruit an additional person just to impress others. Again, spend as little as possible to have enough cash so you do not depend on investors.
Benjamin: I would like to add that in France, 80 % of series-A happen based on a proven value proposition. If you don't have proof such as a prototype, a track record or evidence that your value proposition can be developed rapidly to the next level, you won't be successful. While this is still possible in the UK or the US, it's not in France. You should have all the proof elements to sustain your value proposition from the seed to the series-A stage.
Antoine, how did you fund your first 3 years?
We raised 3 million euros from 30 business angels and we are now starting our first round with venture capital funds. 80,000 euros were invested by friends and family. Trying to raise funds from friends and family or the BPI takes time, but it allows you to generate initial traction which will help you to raise further funds.
Antoine, what advice do you have on convincing friends and family (love money)?
You should tell them that it is like betting at the casino: statistically you are going to lose your money, but there is a slim chance that you may make some. You should explain to them that you truly believe in your project.
Benjamin: I don't like the Casino idea, I prefer the lottery concept: with a lottery, there is always a winning ticket!
What is your view on the BPI?
Benjamin: The BPI is a caution for banks but not for a business angel as the BPI invests everywhere.
Antoine, how did you first get in contact with Business angels?
More or less by chance. But when someone trusts you and lends you some money, ask him to introduce you to his friends. There are a lot of opportunities and venues to meet business angels and many events are organized to put investors and entrepreneurs in contact, so you should get out there and network.
You'd like to come to our next events? Register on our Meetup group and do not miss any event!
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A 23-year-old suspected of killing a DJ five years ago and then fleeing to Nigeria has been charged with murder.
Jeffrey Okafor, wanted over the death of Carl Beatson Asiedu in August 2009, was arrested by detectives at Heathrow Airport after he was flown back to Britain.
He was held by authorities in the west African state on September 23 .
Scotland Yard said that he would appear at Croydon Magistrates' Court tomorrow.
Student Mr Asiedu, 19, was stabbed in the heart in Goding Street, Vauxhall, south London, after performing a set at the nearby Club Life nightclub.
The family of the teenager, who had also appeared in a BBC children's television series, appealed in August for help in finding his killer.
His father John Asiedu said: ''I still feel the pain and get a lump in my throat whenever his tragic death crosses my mind, or when I hear that someone has been stabbed to death.
''Part of me died with him and I have to carry on living with what is left of me."
Okafor fled the UK for Nigeria in the days after the murder, and detectives launched a Facebook appeal to try to find him, as well as offering a reward of £10,000 for information leading to his arrest and prosecution.
He was last captured on CCTV boarding an Air France flight at Heathrow Airport using his brother's passport.
A Scotland Yard spokesman said: " The Metropolitan Police Service and the British High Commission in Abuja would like to thank the Nigerian police and ministry of justice for the assistance they have provided in securing Okafor's return to the UK."


The 2001 Bowman Heritage baseball card set includes 440 standard size cards that were issued in a single series. Card #331-440 of the 2001 Bowman Heritage cards were short printed.
Key rookies for this set include #351 Albert Pujols and #352 Ichiro.
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Taste Testing under the new FDA regulations.
So, when you head to your local vape shop to find a new juice, you might be met with several ways of sampling that e-liquid. Today, we're going to talk about the most common ways shops let their customers try juice, as well as some of the regulations at play. Hopefully, this will explain why we now have to pay for samples, as well as why different shops might use different ways to present sampling.
So, for starters, let's get the quick FDA part out of the way. There are still shops around who are not charging for flavor samples. This is primarily due to a lack of enforcement by the FDA. However, inspections are now underway, and the FDA has made it clear that free samples are NOT going to fly. It's clearly outlined in the deeming regulations and has been re-enforced many times by FDA. So, while these shops may appease their customers temporarily, they may not be in business long, or at least have to suffer through a large fine. This could be easily avoided by charging a small fee that lets customers sample as much as they want per that visit.
For example, here at our shop, we charge fifty cents to sample flavors; but that fifty cents means you can sample all the flavors in the shop if you would like. This meets the FDA requirement and doesn't encumber the customer too much. Eventually, all shops will charge for samples. Unfortunately, some might come to that decision too little too late.
Now let's talk about the different ways of sampling e-liquid flavors. When we first opened, there was really only one way to sample. We all used cheap Ce4 tanks that were simply tossed after they ran their life cycle. This worked during a time of thin 50/50 juice, and when the flavors really weren't all that complicated anyway. As the plot, I mean juice thickened, and the recipes became more complex, the search for a better way to sample commenced. After several tanks and mods were tried, a lot of shops including ours decided to use RDA's. Indeed, this did provide great flavor! However, the time and cost of constantly re-wicking and replacing coils was immense. We decided this was not the best method.
So, that brings us to the current day.
Some shops use tanks, some RDA/RTA's, and some simply have you try the juice on your finger. We fall into the finger fresh category. Although tanks and coils are much better than they were even a year ago, it's hard to make sure the customers are getting the best experience, when the coils may be flooded, or burnt from a previous customer. An additional concern is that when e-liquid is placed in a tank, it begins to "steep" very quickly. After only a week in a tank the flavor could change dramatically. This adds a potential failure point in our service, and goal of providing the best experience possible. RDA's & RTA's run into some of the same issues, and on top require initial building, then re-build with use. Again, this is a burden on staff, and a potential failure point, if we miss anything. Nothing is worse than a burnt coil!
It's not uncommon to get a weird look from folks who may not have seen this before. Like I said, a lot of shops still use tanks. However, a lot of shops samples probably taste a lot blander, or even burnt, when customers try them. It should not have any nicotine in it (our samples are all 0mg), only consist of the food flavoring, VG, and PG. So, it's really a pretty good representation. Once vaporized, I would concede that flavors do lose a bit of punch to be sure. There are also some flavors that can change more dramatically. However, that's where a vape stores staff should be able to let you know about that in advance. We are generally pretty familiar with which brands do what in tanks, or on RDA's. We all try a lot of flavors, and we love it when you ask us what our thoughts are on any particular juice or brand. Chances are, even if we haven't tried it, someone in the store has.
What is this Nicotine Salt Anyway?


The Institute for Enterprise and Finance Research (IBFR) encourages you to take part in our tutorial conferences, and to publish in our peer-reviewed journals. We're right here that can assist you plan your future and to boost your employability. We provide access to part-time jobs and work shadowing. We provide sensible one-to-one help with profession planning including assist with CVs, applications and mock interviews. We deliver group periods on career planning inside every taught programme. We have now in depth data on graduate jobs and postgraduate research.
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Arts|DANCE REVIEW;An Evocation Of Nature
https://nyti.ms/29dizib
DANCE REVIEW;An Evocation Of Nature
By Jennifer Dunning
December 1, 1995, Section C, Page 25Buy Reprints
The 92d Street Y Harkness Dance Project festival got off to a provocative start Wednesday night at Playhouse 91 with new and recent work by Molissa Fenley. Performing for the first time since an onstage injury in January, Ms. Fenley was joined by two other solo dancers. The results were fascinating.
To see Peggy Baker and Michele Pogliani in Ms. Fenley's solo choreography is to realize that her unusual pure-movement style is as much minimalist theater as it is dance. And that is also the message of Ms. Fenley's mysterious, rooted new "Regions," which she performed to a magical score by Maggi Payne.
Seated in the powerful and dramatic "Chair," the first of three dances in "Regions," Ms. Fenley might be a large, hovering bird as her limbs curl and stretch out. In "Ocean Walk" and "Mesa," she resembles a little temple dancer moving about some shrine in wide-open nature. Strangely, Ms. Payne's score sounds much more mesa-like in the "Ocean" section, with its wonderful roar of what sound like rattling snakes and insects and the wind. David Moodey's lighting, first cool, then warm, corrects that misapprehension.
The torso is a strong, relatively unmoving column in Ms. Fenley's dances, with the limbs doing the "dancing," though not in the expressive way they tend to be used in modern dance. Ms. Fenley has the terse torso of an athlete. Ms. Baker, who has performed with Lar Lubovitch, is a long, lanky dancer whose entire body serves as a conduit for movement. In "Inner Enchantments," the effect was lush and filled with nuanced timing and physicality.
Ms. Fenley's new "Savanna," performed by Ms. Baker to music by Peter Garland, might be the darker face of the older solo. Michele Pogliani gave a slightly nervous-seeming, brittle account of Ms. Fenley's fanciful little "Tilliboyo."
The program will be repeated through Thursday at Playhouse 91, 316 East 91st Street, Yorkville, where the festival continues through Dec. 17.


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Source: Stengel, Richard. "Why America Needs a Hate Speech Law." Washington Post, October 29, 2019.
Since World War II, many nations have passed laws to curb the incitement of racial and religious hatred. These laws started out as protections against the kinds of anti-Semitic bigotry that gave rise to the Holocaust. We call them hate speech laws, but there's no agreed-upon definition of what hate speech actually is. In general, hate speech is speech that attacks and insults people on the basis of race, religion, ethnic origin and sexual orientation. …
Let the debate begin. Hate speech has a less violent, but nearly as damaging, impact in another way: It diminishes tolerance. It enables discrimination. Isn't that, by definition, speech that undermines the values that the First Amendment was designed to protect: fairness, due process, equality before the law? Why shouldn't the states experiment with their own version of hate speech statutes to penalize speech that deliberately insults people based on religion, race, ethnicity and sexual orientation?
All speech is not equal. And where truth cannot drive out lies, we must add new guardrails. I'm all for protecting "thought that we hate," but not speech that incites hate. It undermines the very values of a fair marketplace of ideas that the First Amendment is designed to protect.
Hate speech is an object of central concern in much of the activism motivated by Critical Social Justice. Speaking generally, hate speech is considered to be any form of expression that might "spread, incite, promote, or justify hatred, violence, and discrimination against a person or group of persons," which is a rather broad definition. As the Theory of Critical Social Justice understands all such things in terms of the systems of power it posits as defining social realities, activists who have taken on elements of Theory are likely to see hate speech as any form of expression that maintains or justifies "dominance" thus creating, perpetuating, or rationalizing systems of oppression and marginalization of minoritized groups.
Generally, advocates of Critical Social Justice and many others with similar sympathies support "banning" hate speech, that is, making it illegal or removing its protections under various guarantees of freedom of speech and expression. Currently in the United States, hate speech remains Constitutionally protected speech under the First Amendment, though this is not the case in many other advanced democracies. The arguments for banning hate speech typically range from the ways that it can allegedly uniquely cause harm and trauma to ways that it can potentially be used to promote and spread intolerant ideologies like racism and sexism.
In the most extreme forms, demands for suppressing or "banning" hate speech stem from claims that it can, in that way, create fascist and other potentially genocidal "hate" movements that are unstoppable except through extreme applications of military force (perhaps including civil or world war). These more extreme interpretations can be traced rather directly to the writing of Frankfurt School Critical Theorist and father of the New Left, Herbert Marcuse, particularly his 1965 essay "Repressive Tolerance," which makes these arguments explicitly (see also, tolerance). To make this point clear, what follows is a long quote from near the end of "Repressive Tolerance":
Liberating tolerance, then, would mean intolerance against movements from the Right and toleration of movements from the Left. As to the scope of this tolerance and intolerance: … it would extend to the stage of action as well as of discussion and propaganda, of deed as well as of word. The traditional criterion of clear and present danger seems no longer adequate to a stage where the whole society is in the situation of the theater audience when somebody cries: 'fire'. It is a situation in which the total catastrophe could be triggered off any moment, not only by a technical error, but also by a rational miscalculation of risks, or by a rash speech of one of the leaders. In past and different circumstances, the speeches of the Fascist and Nazi leaders were the immediate prologue to the massacre. The distance between the propaganda and the action, between the organization and its release on the people had become too short. But the spreading of the word could have been stopped before it was too late: if democratic tolerance had been withdrawn when the future leaders started their campaign, mankind would have had a chance of avoiding Auschwitz and a World War.
The whole post-fascist period is one of clear and present danger. Consequently, true pacification requires the withdrawal of tolerance before the deed, at the stage of communication in word, print, and picture. Such extreme suspension of the right of free speech and free assembly is indeed justified only if the whole of society is in extreme danger. I maintain that our society is in such an emergency situation, and that it has become the normal state of affairs. Different opinions and 'philosophies' can no longer compete peacefully for adherence and persuasion on rational grounds: the 'marketplace of ideas' is organized and delimited by those who determine the national and the individual interest. In this society, for which the ideologists have proclaimed the 'end of ideology', the false consciousness has become the general consciousness—from the government down to its last objects. The small and powerless minorities which struggle against the false consciousness and its beneficiaries must be helped: their continued existence is more important than the preservation of abused rights and liberties which grant constitutional powers to those who oppress these minorities. It should be evident by now that the exercise of civil rights by those who don't have them presupposes the withdrawal of civil rights from those who prevent their exercise, and that liberation of the Damned of the Earth presupposes suppression not only of their old but also of their new masters. (Links/bold added)
To summarize Marcuse's critical argument, the existence of a world in which fascism could arise constitutes a perpetual state of "clear and present danger" with regard to the possibility that such movements will come into existence and seize power if allowed the opportunity. (NB: and immanent fascism can be substituted with immanent, i.e. white supremacy, systemic racism, sexism, and all of the abuses relevant under intersectional analysis, as happens within Critical Social Justice – see also, realities.) Therefore, Marcuse argues, it is necessary to suppress any speech or expression that could allow such movements to form or activate (see also, conservative and liberal) in order to preserve a free society from the threat of immanent fascism (see also, anti-fascism and Antifa). This attitude Marcuse refers to as a "discriminating tolerance" (or, in the title but not the body of his essay, a "repressive tolerance") that is intolerant of (or repressive of) intolerance, effectively as a means of proactive self-defense against the "clear and present" threat of abuses of systemic power like fascism, racism, sexism, and all the rest. Thus, under such an analysis, hate speech—that expression that could precipitate such abuses out of their "clear and present" immanence in society—must be suppressed.
Thus, within Critical Social Justice and related activism, hate speech is considered intolerable. It is also defined solely according to their understanding of systemic power, which is the only problem with sufficient immanence to pose a "clear and present" threat of harm or genocide. Thus, for Critical Social Justice, hate speech is any form of expression that could potentially be construed to support any of the forms of systemic bigotry within its purview. As the postmodern influence on Critical Social Justice sees such expression as part of the dominant discourses—ways things are spoken of—and the critical theory influence sees them in terms of dominant and hegemonic ideologies—the worldviews of the elite, which are broadly accepted by the populace at large (see also, false consciousness)—any expression that supports these sorts of things should be deemed hate speech and banned. This view is at the heart of both call out culture and cancel culture, which seek to expose and eliminate all problematic speech and those who create it.
In practice, that means that it defines as hate speech and seeks to repress any form of expression that it can problematize, which is essentially anything, given enough patience, grievance, and creativity. In its broadest understanding, then, it could refer to anything that doesn't proceed from a critical consciousness, i.e., that which accords with critical theories, especially those for "Social Justice," possibly including microaggressions. All speech with "hateful" intent will qualify, and all other speech will be analyzed according to highly interpretive claims about "impact" (see also, impact versus intent, close reading, and discourse analysis). That is, Theoretically speaking, Critical Social Justice could call to ban any speech it disagrees with as a form of "hate speech," which is rather a lot like one of those things you read about in real totalitarian regimes or in dystopian novels that, we hope, could never happen in reality.
Importantly, Marcuse's implication and Critical Social Justice's views about the "systemic" or "immanent" nature of these problematics is that they are also defining characteristics of the "inequitable" status quo. Marcuse argues this explicitly in a 1968 postscript to "Repressive Tolerance," writing:
However, the alternative to the established semi-democratic process is not a dictatorship or elite, no matter how intellectual and intelligent, but the struggle for a real democracy. Part of this struggle is the fight against an ideology of tolerance which, in reality, favors and fortifies the conservation of the status quo of inequality and discrimination. For this struggle, I proposed the practice of discriminating tolerance. To be sure, this practice already presupposes the radical goal which it seeks to achieve. I committed this petitio principii in order to combat the pernicious ideology that tolerance is already institutionalized in this society. The tolerance which is the life element, the token of a free society, will never be the gift of the powers that be; it can, under the prevailing conditions of tyranny by the majority, only be won in the sustained effort of radical minorities, willing to break this tyranny and to work for the emergence of a free and sovereign majority—minorities intolerant, militantly intolerant and disobedient to the rules of behavior which tolerate destruction and suppression. (Links/bold added)
Theorists of Critical Social Justice are likewise abundantly clear that systemic "hate" is intrinsically a part of the status quo, which therefore must be dismantled and replaced by a critical consciousness (see also, woke and revolution). Under such a society, it is believed, there would be no hate speech (thus attendant harms of hate speech) because those with critical consciousness know better and everyone else can be duly punished. Thus, the call to ban, criminalize, or socially punish "hate speech," as Critical Social Justice and other critical theories define it, is part of a larger project to remake society on its terms, which—pace Marcuse—looks an awful lot like a dictatorship and an elite.
Antifa; Anti-fascism; Call out; Cancel; Close reading; Conservative; Critical; Critical consciousness; Critical theory; Discourse; Discourse analysis; Dismantle; Dominant; Equity; False consciousness; Fascism; Frankfurt School; Free speech; Genocide; Harm; Hate; Hegemony; Ideology; Impact versus intent; Injustice; Intersectionality; Liberal; Marginalization; Microaggressions; Minoritize; Nazi; Neo-Marxism; New Left; Oppression; Postmodern; Problematic; Problematize; Racism (systemic); Realities; Reality; Revolution; Social Justice; Status quo; Systemic power; Theory; Tolerance; Trauma; Violence; White supremacy; Woke/Wokeness
Revision date: 5/8/20


text:
Q: synchronization qustion on move XPathNodeIterator and Child XPathNodeIterator I created two XPathNodeIterator it and childIt in my code
Code snippet as this,
string selectSfStr = "Equipment/Main/Sub";
            it = nav.Select(selectSfStr);

            while (it.MoveNext())
            {
                ; // do something here

                if (it.Current.HasChildren)
                {

                    XPathNodeIterator childIt;
                    string selectChildSfStr = "//item";
                    childIt = nav.Select(selectChildSfStr);

                    while (childIt.MoveNext())
                    {
                           ; // do something here, but I found bug. The childIt can't move sychronized with the parent `it`.
                           ;// How can I synchronize `childIt` here when I moved to next `it`.
                    }
                 }
         }

my xml file nested with the sequence of Equipment/Main/Sub/item and there are multi sub nodes and multi item for each of sub nodes

A: Eventually, I fixed this bug as this,
while (it.MoveNext())
            {
                // do something here

                if (it.Current.HasChildren)
                {

                    XPathNodeIterator childIt;
                    childIt = null;
                    childIt = it.Current.SelectChildren("item", "");

                    while (childIt.MoveNext())
                    {
                       // do something here

                       childIt.Current.MoveToParent();
                    }
                }
          }


What could be more enjoyable than curling up with a cozy mystery on a cold fall night? Pumpkins in Paradise by Kathi Daley is the first of the Tj Jensen Paradise Lake Mysteries. The first book in the series revolves around the death of Tj's dear friend, Zachary Collins. While the death is considered suicide, Tj knows better than that - or does she? Turns out Tj doesn't know as much about her friend as she thought she did.
From the very first page, I knew I was going to love this book. The main character is extremely likeable and the story is well-written. While many mysteries are easy to figure out, Pumpkins in Paradise kept me guessing until the very end, though I was able to guess some of the side mysteries in the story.
Pumpkins in Paradise by Kathi Daley is a wonderful read for those that want a Halloween novel that isn't loaded down with gore and spine chilling tales. I recommend this book to anyone looking for a great mystery. It's filled with loveable characters, animals, and the beginning of what could bloom into a beautiful romance.


As a relatively new company, Blue Fang Solutions makes it's mark with a staff of industry veterans from many different backgrounds, and with this team, have built Blue Fang Solutions from the ground up to bring reliability and customization to their game servers. Knowing performance is paramount to the enjoyment of the game, Blue Fang Solutions uses the latest in enterprise grade hardware to meet the requirements of today's game servers.
Opening a paypal dispute is seen as an attempt to circumvent or breach our terms of service and constitutes a forfeit of the money that has been paid. Please close the paypal dispute if you wish to receive a full refund. If the dispute is not closed we will be forced to defend our reputation with paypal via the resolution center and we will aim to win the dispute so we do not receive a negative mark.
There full of s**t. They don't even offer true Ddos protection. Go with NFOservers.com they're the real deal, not blue f*g solutions.
Used BF for several months with 2 servers. All was fine up until the point I could no longer connect to my own server for maintenance etc. Their DDoS front end started detecting my Time Warner service as a threat apparently and locked me out for hours at a time. I could no longer maintain my servers or even play the game. I proved this with documentation on numerous occasions and they were not clueless how to fix it. They do not know what they are doing and ticket response is lacking and generally closed before making sure the issue is resolved. I would never use them again, ever. Poor, poor customer service and their servers lag so much its crazy. Look elsewhere.
I used BFS for quite a while to host a 7dtd server and never had anything untoward happen. I found their response to tickets to be a bit lengthy and I generally found a solution before they responded.
I have been with BF for two years, I've never had an issue with then. Their CS is outstanding and always there to help even if you don't pay for their "help package". Server is never is never down, their up time guarantee is more than what it states. Very quick to answer support tickets, and will do whatever they can to ensure that your problem is resolved ASAP. Their prices are very ez on the wallet as well. Moving my server from BF just wouldn't be an option I'd be willing to discuss.
Been using Bluefang solutions for while now and they have been helpful with moving us to different servers when we have had issues, most notably DDOS. The only issue I have would be that I know more with troubleshooting 7 days to Die and the defacto answer is "new seed"; however, it is hard to fault them for that due to the fact they handle more than 1 game.
7 Days to die would be unplayable with out envul. His antihacker program is the best out. The maps make it easy to track players and clean up if a hacker does slip through the cracks. Bag check is a great way to make sure people are playing fairly. The zcoins, /home, /spawn, /teleport can really change up the server in a good way. If you aren't using this service your server is vulnerable!
Been using BF since November, based on experience with a prior server in which i played normally on, and so far everythings been good. They've been pretty prompt in responding to inquiries left in support tickets, as well as responding on twitter as well, and at some point during the day has a live help where you can actually chat with someone, though i've only managed to find that option once. There have been a few hiccups with the last a14 patch for 7d2d, however i cannot be entirely certain what the root of the issue was it seems to have resolved on its own. They're very honest when a situation involves a DDoS , but when that happens you pretty much just have to wait for it to clear up. I thought there was some kind of DDoS protection mechanisms in place.... But overall I'm satisfied with the service and don't have any plans on changing.