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How to Stop Suffering Sciatica and Improve Your Sleep, New Study Says
In the United States, more than 100,000 people are treated for sciatic pain every year.
More than 50 percent of patients experience a return to symptoms after they have surgery.
Many others suffer debilitating symptoms for years.
Sciatic symptoms are also linked to other chronic health conditions, such as diabetes and heart disease.
"The reason for this is that our system is designed to deal with the symptoms, and the way we treat symptoms is to stop those symptoms," says Dr. John G. L. Smith, a professor of medicine at the University of California, San Francisco.
"It's a system that we've built in the past."
For example, the system was designed to manage the effects of a stroke and to treat the aftermath of one.
But as we get older, our systems become less effective at managing the symptoms that are often the root of a condition.
It's this lack of effective response to the symptoms of these other chronic diseases that contributes to the worsening of symptoms of sciatic nerve problems, according to the Mayo Clinic.
Sciasis and Chronic Pain The pain of sciatics is not unlike the pain of osteoarthritis.
It affects every nerve in the body.
In some cases, the pain may be more intense than others, which can lead to nerve damage and ultimately pain.
The pain also depends on the nerve that the sciatic joint is attached to.
But unlike the inflammation that can cause ulcers or arthritis, the swelling and pain in the sciatics can be easily controlled.
This is because the nerve attaches itself to a muscle that is called the nerve-specific motor unit (NSMU).
When a muscle becomes injured, the NSMU muscle becomes damaged and stops moving, causing a change in the amount of electrical impulses going to the nerve.
As the nerve moves back and forth, it creates a signal that is sent to the brain to tell the brain that the nerve is safe.
That signal is the neurotransmitter dopamine.
As a result, the nerve will feel more comfortable, and more relaxed.
When you can control the amount and intensity of the signal, you can regulate the release of the neurotransmitters.
And that's what scientists have been able to do with the treatment of sciatically caused pain, which is why it's commonly known as sciatic neuropathy.
When a patient's pain becomes too intense, the brain sends a signal to the spinal cord to send signals that are important to regulating pain.
"One of the things that happens is that the pain is going to get stronger," Smith says.
"There is this feedback loop.
And then the brain can't tell the body to stop or to relax."
The brain also sends signals to the muscles, which will then relax, so that the brain and body are able to feel better.
"So what you're trying to do is to give the brain the information that you need to have the brain relax, and that it's not causing you pain," Smith explains.
That's what happens with the treatments being used to treat sciatic problems.
"We have these medications that have a very low affinity for dopamine receptors, which means they work by the body's own mechanisms to relieve pain," says Amy R. Leinbach, an assistant professor of psychiatry at the Mayo Center for Pain and Medical Research.
"And then you can give them to your spinal cord, and they're able to stimulate dopamine receptors."
"So, what you have is you're giving the body an anti-inflammatory," she says.
But while the dopamine is being used for relief, the body has to also have dopamine receptors to receive the relief.
"As you go through the treatment process, dopamine receptors are depleted," Smith adds.
"Then you have these little molecules called dopamine receptor-2, which are used to send information to the neural pathway that tells the brain how much pain you're causing.
And you have to have this receptor-dependent mechanism in order to be able to respond."
When you have a disease like sciatic anemia, you don't get to see this system functioning, and it can actually slow down the process of getting better.
The same thing happens when you get a stroke, as your brain can no longer control the electrical signals.
"They're like the brakes on your brain," says Leinbaugh.
"You can't get the brakes off.
And when the brain is in a state of dysfunction, the same thing is happening.
It has a really hard time stopping the damage."
How to Reduce the Symptoms of Sciatic Anemia While there are many treatments available, there are also medications and supplements that are available to help control the symptoms.
For example: The Cochrane Collaboration recommends taking a vitamin supplement that contains an antihistamine called vitamin E. "People who take vitamin E have better pain," Lein-bach says.
There is also a new type of medication called the povidone-iodine combination.
It contains povidine, a dopamine-
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text:
State agency unveils new chromium-6 limit in drinking water
By Jim Steinberg, The Sun
California is gearing up to begin enforcement, on July 1, of the nation's first standard for the cancer-causing chemical made famous in Hinkley and the film "Erin Brockovich."
The Department of Public Health on Tuesday submitted its final regulation package putting a cap on chromium-6 to the state Office of Administrative Law, for review under the Administrative Procedures Act.
"The drinking-water standard for hexavalent chromium (chromium-6) of 10 parts per billion will protect public health while taking into consideration economic and technical feasibility as required by law," said Dr. Ron Chapman, CDPH director and state health officer.
That legally enforceable standard replaces one that was already the strictest in the nation, but for total chromium.
The current California sets 50 parts per billion total chromium as the maximum allowable in drinking water. This amount includes both chromium-3, which is not a carcinogen and necessary, in small amounts, to human life, and chromium-6, an atomic relative that has been shown to cause several types of cancers.
The federal standard, set by the Environmental Protection Agency, is 100 parts per billion for total chromium, which is chromium-3 and chromium-6.
San Francisco-based Pacific Gas Electric Co. is developing an action plan to more actively remediate the world's largest chromium-6 plume beneath Hinkley, 10 miles west of Barstow.
For several years PG E has been providing bottled water to some Hinkley residents and providing a costly whole household replacement system to others who have had trace levels of chromium-6 showing up in their groundwater.
Part of this program was ordered by the Lahontan Regional Water Quality Control Board, a state agency which is overseeing the Hinkley groundwater clean-up.
But PG E has expanded its water program beyond that.
As a result of the CDPH standard, PG E will be re-evaluating its programs and has already notified Hinkley residents of that plan, said Jeff Smith, a PG E spokesman.
Not one Hinkley resident is believed to have well water at or exceeding the state's new chromium standard of 10 parts per billion, officials from the water board, PG E and the Hinkley community say.
Kim Niemeyer, an attorney for the Lohontan board, has said that the state agency has no authority to order PG E to provide replacement water to residents whose chromium-6 content is below the state standard for drinking water.
But Carmela Spasojevich, a former resident who alerted the community to the spread of the chromium-6 plume in 2010, disagrees.
"I do not believe it is the intent of the state water board to let polluters contaminate groundwater up to a MCL (maximum contaminant level) without repercussion, especially when water quality pre-contamination is documented," she said.
Now a resident of Virginia, Spasojevich still owns property in Hinkley and has many friends there.
"This decision is clearly politically based, and Sacramento had a lot of pressure from lobbyists of both industry and public works officials," said Daron Banks, a Hinkley resident and community leader.
"This decision is clearly based on economics and not science. The cost of bringing this (chromium-6) down from 10 parts per billion to 2 parts per billion is miniscule," Banks said.
"It is clear that California is no longer the environmental- and people-protecting state," Banks said.
Ian Webster, owner of Project Navigator Ltd., an environmental engineering firm based in Brea which is the scientific adviser to the Hinkley community, said he will argue that PG E goes slowly in any changes to its water programs and will recommend that trend analysis be conducted to determine what likelihood — if any — that an individual's well water will exceed 10 parts per billion.
The new state MCL will not effect an ongoing multimillion dollar study to determine what part of the chromium-6 in the Hinkley valley's underground water supply was put there by PG E and what part was put there by nature.
California water laws will require PG E to clean up the groundwater to its condition before the arrival of its natural gas compressor station in 1952.
The toxic plume beneath Hinkley is the legacy of 12 years of operations, from 1952 to 1964, when chromium-6 at PG E's natural gas compressor station was periodically dumped into unlined ponds and percolated into the groundwater.
Source: http://www.sbsun.com/environment-and-nature/20140415/state-agency-unveils-new-chromium-6-limit-in-drinking-water

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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O Arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo é um conjunto de pequenos ilhéus rochosos pertencentes ao estado brasileiro de Pernambuco. O conjunto de ilhéus fica situado na parte central do oceano Atlântico equatorial, distando 627 km do arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha, 986 km do ponto mais próximo do continente sul-americano e 987 km a partir de Natal, no estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Apesar de pertencer ao estado de Pernambuco, é mais próximo do estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Constitui um dos locais mais orientais do território brasileiro, apenas um pouco a oeste do arquipélago de Trindade e Martim Vaz.

Em 1998, foi inaugurada a estação científica na ilha Belmonte, dando início ao Programa Arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo (Proarquipélago) sob administração da Secretaria da Comissão Interministerial para os Recursos do Mar (SECIRM). A presença permanente de cientistas na estação científica é necessária para provar a habitabilidade no arquipélago, que é fundamental para obter o seu reconhecimento internacional como território brasileiro. Eventualmente radioamadores expedicionários apoiados pelas forças armadas efetuam contatos internacionais via rádio HF e satélite, reforçando a presença brasileira na região.

O conjunto de ilhéus era chamado popularmente de "Penedo de São Pedro e São Paulo" ou "Rochedo de São Pedro e São Paulo". Porém, hoje em dia é chamado oficialmente de "Arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo". A rocha exposta é peridotito e peridotito serpentinizado, provavelmente originada de uma característica geológica do fundo do mar que forma uma longa cordilheira perpendicular a uma dorsal oceânica, sendo a única exposição mundial do manto abissal acima do nível do mar. O arquipélago está no processo ativo de ascensão com taxa anual de soerguimento de 1,5 mm.

História

As rochas foram descobertas acidentalmente por navegadores portugueses, quando a armada sob o comando do capitão-mor D. Garcia de Noronha, com destino à Índia, e composta por seis caravelas, aí registou em 20 de abril de 1511 o seu primeiro naufrágio (de acordo com o Livro das Armadas). Apenas duas das suas embarcações chegariam ao destino. Navegando em mar aberto, em noite fechada, ouviu-se de súbito o rugir das ondas, e antes que fosse possível qualquer providência, a "São Pedro", sob o comando do capitão Manuel de Castro Alcoforado, encontrava-se encalhada sobre um dos rochedos, com os fundos abertos. A tripulação foi resgatada por outra caravela da mesma esquadra, a "São Paulo", tendo o episódio dado o nome aos rochedos. Figuram pela primeira vez em um mapa espanhol de 1513, de autoria do navegador Juan da Nova Castello e, posteriormente, em 1529, em outro, do navegador português Diego Ribero.

O primeiro desembarque registrado nos rochedos foi o do francês Bouvet du Losier (1738), seguido pelo do norte-americano Amasa Delano, no comando do Perseverance (1803) e pelo britânico George Criton, a bordo do HMS Rhin (1806). O seu mais famoso visitante, porém, foi Charles Darwin, que ali desembarcou na manhã de 16 de fevereiro de 1832, na primeira parte de sua viagem ao redor do mundo, a bordo do "HMS Beagle".

As primeiras fotografias dos rochedos foram feitas pela equipe do Scotia, no caminho que seguiram até à Antártida em 1902. Pouco mais tarde, em 1911, a tripulação do Deutschland iniciou um estudo dos mesmos. Por eles também passou o irlandês Ernest Henry Shackleton (1874-1922), a bordo do "Quest", em 1921 (expedição "Shackleton-Rowett 1921-1922").

Outros visitantes ilustres foram Gago Coutinho e Sacadura Cabral, que ali amararam com o Lusitânia em 1922, durante a primeira travessia aérea do Atlântico Sul, para reabastecimento com o Cruzador República da Marinha Portuguesa.

Em 1930, o navio Belmonte, da Marinha do Brasil, instalou o primeiro farol, missão que levou um ano para ser concluída. Um sismo destruiria parcialmente esse farol em 1933 e o atual farol foi inaugurado apenas em 1995.

À época da Segunda Guerra Mundial, a área recebeu a visita de embarcações norte-americanas e, na década de 1960 de cientistas estrangeiros. O Brasil só passou a ocupar os rochedos de forma permanente a partir de 1996.

Na noite de 31 de maio para 1 de junho de 2009, um acidente aéreo com o voo Air France 447, que saiu do Rio de Janeiro rumo a Paris, ocorreu nas proximidades do arquipélago. O acidente causou a morte das 228 pessoas que estavam a bordo do avião.

Geografia

O Arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo está localizado na região equatorial do Oceano Atlântico, N00º55.1', W29º20.7', aproximadamente a 1 010 quilômetros ao ENE da cidade de Natal, no estado do Rio Grande do Norte (RN). Fora do Brasil, as zonas habitadas mais próximas são a Cidade da Praia, Cabo Verde, donde dista cerca de 1 660 km e, Bissau, Guiné-Bissau, donde dista cerca de 1 870 km. Isto faz com que estas ilhas constituam o ponto da América do Sul mais próximo à África. A área total emersa é de aproximadamente 13 mil m² à altitude máxima de 18 metros. É constituído por cinco ilhas maiores e numerosos rochedos, sendo um dos lugares mais inóspitos do país:

 Ilha Belmonte (Sudoeste): 5380 m²
 Ilha Challenger (São Paulo, Sudeste): 3000 m²
 Ilha Nordeste (São Pedro): 1440 m²
 Ilhota Cabral (Noroeste): 1170 m²
 Ilhota Sul (South): 943 m²

Nenhum dos rochedos dispõe de água potável. Apenas a maior ilha possui vegetação, rasteira e rala. Essa vegetação, no entanto, não é natural do arquipélago, sendo suas sementes transportadas do continente inseridas em terra utilizada para preparação de cimento e concreto na construção e manutenção da estação científica e do farol, por exemplo. Os penedos servem de abrigo a diversas espécies de aves marinhas (Anous minutus, Anous stolidus e Sula leucogaster, por exemplo), que os cobrem com seus excrementos, formando o guano, um tipo de adubo orgânico natural. Outras espécies que podem ser relacionadas são os caranguejos (como o Grapsus grapsus) e diversos tipos de insetos e aranhas. Trata-se de uma das ilhas que se situa sobre a cordilheira submarina Dorsal Mesoatlântica.

Clima
Por situar-se em região próxima à Linha do Equador, São Pedro e São Paulo possui um clima quente o ano todo. O Padrão de chuvas é determinado pelo deslocamento da Zona de Convergência Intertropical.

A temperatura na Ilha Belmonte tende a variar até 2,5 °C, considerada grande, essa variação ocorre devido ao aquecimento e resfriamento rápidos da superfície rochosa das ilhas.

O clima na região do arquipélago é observado pelo Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET), na Ilha Belmonte e ao longo da linha do equador por bóias instrumentadas.

Programa Arquipélago
Embora inóspito para a vida humana, o recente interesse pelo arquipélago decorreu da assinatura, pelo Brasil, da Convenção das Nações Unidas sobre o Direito do Mar (CNUDM), que no item 3 do artigo 121, reza: "Os rochedos que, por si próprios, não se prestam à habitação humana ou à vida econômica não devem ter Zona Econômica Exclusiva (ZEE) nem plataforma continental."

Embora o arquipélago sempre tenha sido objeto de pesquisas, visando determinar os seus recursos pesqueiros, assim como os parâmetros físico-químicos e biológicos das suas águas, bem como para coleta de dados meteorológicos, em 1995 a Marinha do Brasil iniciou ali a construção de um novo farol, visando reduzir a incidência de naufrágios naquelas águas, decorrentes da pouca visibilidade dos rochedos, que apresentam a altitude máxima de 18 metros, permanentemente batidos pelas ondas.

O primitivo farol havia sido iniciado na ilhota Belmonte em 1930, pela tripulação do Belmonte, sob o comando do capitão-de-fragata Álvaro Nogueira da Gama. O trabalho fora interrompido pela eclosão da Revolução de 1930, apenas sendo concluído em 1931, para ser destruído, provavelmente por um tremor tectônico, em 1933, sendo na sequência abandonado. O atual farol localiza-se na Rocha Sudoeste. É automático, construído com fibra de vidro, e tem secção circular de um metro de diâmetro e seis metros de altura.

Na ocasião, foram também iniciados estudos para a construção de uma edificação que servisse de base a um grupo de pesquisa que se envolveria com a pesquisa oceanográfica e do meio ambiente dos rochedos, instituindo-se o chamado "Programa Arquipélago".

Com o apoio da Marinha do Brasil foram realizadas quatro viagens ao Arquipélago, procedendo-se o estudo de aspectos físico-ambientais, topográficos, de comportamento das aves, e outros, tendo como resultado a implantação da "Estação Científica do Arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo" (ECASPSP), inaugurada em 1998.

Ali, numa edificação de madeira de 45 metros quadrados, equipes de quatro cientistas e pesquisadores revezam-se a cada 15 dias, com o apoio da Marinha do Brasil. As instalações compõem-se de uma cozinha, uma sala de refeições, centro de comunicações, quarto para quatro pessoas, quarto de banho e varanda. O telhado conta com painéis fotovoltaicos para geração de energia elétrica. A uma pequena distância ergue-se um abrigo para os geradores e baterias, um equipamento de dessalinização da água do mar e outro abrigo para cilindros de oxigênio e de gás. Uma passarela liga a base ao ponto de embarque, servido por um turco. Entre os equipamentos científicos da base destaca-se um marégrafo.

Nos dias 5 e 6 de junho de 2006, a estação de pesquisas foi parcialmente destruída por forte ressaca. Porém, foi retomada imediatamente a reconstrução da estação, com base na nova estrutura.

Geologia

Morfologia submarina

O Arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo situa-se na zona de expansão entre a Placa Sul-Americana e a Placa Africana. O sistema da falha transformante de São Paulo (Saint Paul Transform Fault System) é uma das maiores falhas transformantes do Oceano Atlântico, em que ocorre em total 630 km de descontinuidade dos segmentos da cadeia meso-oceânica. Esta é uma das regiões mais profundas do Oceano Atlântico e algumas localidades têm mais de 5 000 metros de profundidade. A morfologia abissal apresenta que o Arquipélago situa-se no topo de uma elevação morfológica submarina, com comprimento de 100 km, largura de 20 km e altura aproximada de 3 800 metros a partir do fundo do oceano, denominada Cadeia Peridotítica de São Pedro e São Paulo. Sendo diferentes de vulcões submarinos, esta saliência é constituída por duas elevações tabulares orientadas segundo leste-oeste, apresentando uma forma similar a Brachiosaurus cuja cabeça é direcionada a leste. Nos flancos do Arquipélago, a partir do nível do mar até 1 000 metros de profundidade, ocorrem taludes de alto ângulo, em torno de 50º de inclinação. Não se observa uma plataforma submarina extensa de pequena profundidade em torno do Arquipélago. Ao sul do Arquipélago existe uma escarpa vertical com altura maior do que 2 000 metros. Essas morfologias submarinas instáveis sugerem que o soerguimento do Arquipélago foi originado de um tectonismo recente, o que está em continuação até o presente.

Morfologia das ilhas

O mapa de seppômen das três maiores ilhas do Arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo - Belmonte, Challenger e Nordeste - mostra a existência de plataforma de abrasão marinha, com altitude de 6 a 9 m. Considerando a plataforma como do Flandriano, há cerca de 6 000 anos, calcula-se a taxa de soerguimento atual de 1,5 mm por ano. As datações carbono 14 para os fósseis de coral condizem com esta estimativa (Motoki et al., 2009).

Rocha ultramáfica serpentinizada

A rocha constituinte do Arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo não é basalto, mas um peridotito serpentinizado, caracterizando-se como uma rocha ultramáfica. Havia a interpretação de que esta rocha seria originada de magma de alta temperatura derivado do manto, constituindo um corpo intrusivo. Contudo, pesquisas recentes demonstraram que esta rocha ultramáfica não é de origem magmática crustal, mas a rocha do manto, de composição peridotíca, exposta diretamente na superfície da Terra sem cobertura da crosta oceânica (Wiseman, 1966; Hekinian et al., 2000; Campos et al, 2003; Sichel et al., 2008). O Arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo corresponde à única localidade do Oceano Atlântico em que o manto abissal está exposto acima do nível do mar.

Soerguimento por tectonismo ativo
Os artigos científicos revelam que as rochas ultramáficas do manto abissal expostas no Arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo (ASPSP) são, provavelmente, originadas a partir de megamullion. Entretanto, comparando-se com outros magamullions existentes no oceano Atlântico, a cadeia peridotítica de São Pedro e São Paulo é demasiado grande. Este fato é devido ao soerguimento tectônico ativo que ocorre há 10 milhões de anos. A velocidade de soerguimento atual acima citada é 1,5 mm por ano, sendo que, esta velocidade é muito rápido como um movimento tectônico. O movimento tectônico é causada pela compressão do segmento norte Dorsal Oceânica em cima da transformante de São Paulo, que induziu a migração e segmentação  da referida falha transformante, gerando "restraining stepovers". Concomitantemente, houve uma movimentação anti-horária e sinistral das placas tectônicas que estão separadas pela dorsal atlântica (placas Sul-americana e Africana). Essa movimentação gerou as montanhas transversais que se encontram dentro da Transformante de São Paulo, e que foram soerguidas por transpressão, gerando o arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo e as outras montanhas submarinas que existem dentro da referida transformante. Essa migração do ramo norte da Dorsal Atlântica, vizinha ao ASPSP, por sobre a Transformante de São Paulo foi devido a um aumento  do magma proveniente da anomalia geotérmica de Serra Leoa. O soerguimento contínuo do ASPSP, que se iniciou, como já foi dito, a cerca de 10 milhões de anos é devido aos esforços compressivos associados a natureza do Manto na região e não devido a modificação do regime de "stress".

Ver também
 Amazônia Azul
 Ilhas oceânicas do Brasil
 Lista de programas da Marinha do Brasil

Bibliografia

 Souza, J.E.B. 2006. O arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo. Rio de Janeiro, Revista do Clube Naval', 115-340, 70-72.
 Andrade, F.G.G., Simões, L.S.A., Campos, T.F.C., Silva, A.J.C.A. 2007. Padrão estrutural da foliação milonítica do Arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo. Anais do 11º Simpósio Nacional de Estudos Tectônicos, 5th International Symposium of Tectonics of the SBG. Natal, 233.
 Bonatti, E. 1990. Subcontinental mantle exposed in the Atlantic Ocean on St Peter-Paul islets. Nature, 345, 800-802.
 Campos, T.F.C., Virgens Neto, J., Amorim, V.A., Hartmann, L.A., Petta, R.A. 2003. Modificações metassomáticas das rochas milonitizadas do complexo ultramáfico do Arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo, Atlântico Equatorial. Geochimica Brasiliensis, 17-2, 81-90.
 Campos, T.F.C., Virgens Neto, J., Costa, L.S., Petta, R.A., Sousa, L.C., Silva, F.O. 2007. Sistema de diaclasamento do Arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo (Atlântico Equatorial) como indicador de movimentação destral associado à falha transformante de São Paulo. Anais do 11º Simpósio Nacional de Estudos Tectônicos, 5th International Symposium of Tectonics of the SBG. Natal, 238.
 Campos, T.F.C., Virgens Neto, J., Srivastava, N.K., Petta, R.A., Harmann, L.A., Moraes, J.F.S., Mendes, L., Silveira, S.R.M. 2005. Arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo e São Paulo, soeerguimento tectônico de rochas infracrustais no Oceano Atlântico. Sítios Geológicos e Paleontológicos do Brasil, SIGEP 002, UNB, 12p. , Acesso em 31 de dezembro de 2006.
 Galdino,M. A. ; Silva, Patricia C. ; Souza, M. A. C. . 2009. The Implantation of a PV Electric Energy Generation System at the Saint Peter and Saint Paul Islands. RIO 9 - World Climate & Energy Event, 2009, Rio de Janeiro. Rio 9 -World Climate and Energy Event - Book of Proceedings. pp. 83-88.
 Hekinian, R., Juteau, T., Gracia, E., Udintsev, G., Sichler, B., Sichel, S.E., Apprioual, R. 2000. Submersible observations of Equatorial Atlantic Mantle: The St. Paul Frature Zone region. Marine Geophysical Research, 21, 529-560.
 Melson, W.G., Jarosewich, E., Bowen, V.T., Thompsonm G. 1967. St. Peter and St. Paul rocks: a high-temperature mentle-derived intrusion. Science, 155. 1532-1535.
 Moraes, J.F.S., Linden, E.M., Moraes, F.A.B. 1997. Planta topográfica do Arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo, escala 1:500. CPRM - Serviço Geológico do Brasil.
 Motoki, A., Sichel, S.E., Campos, T.F.C., Srivastava, N.K., Soares, R.S. 2009. Taxa de soerguimento atual do Arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo, Oceano Atlântico Equatorial. Revista Escola de Minas, 62-3. 331-342.
 Sichel, S.E., Esperança, S., Motoki, A., Maia, M., Horan, M.F., Szatmari, P., Alves, E.C., Mello, S.L.M. 2008. Geophysical and geochemical evidence for cold upper mantle beneath the Equatorial Atlantic Ocean. Revista Brasileira de Geofísica, 26-1, 69-86.
 Virgens Neto, J., Campos, T.F.C. 2007. A influência da zona de fratura São Paulo no contexto estrutural do Arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo - Atlântico Equatorial. Anais do 11º. Simpósio Nacional de Estudos Tectônicos, 5th International Symposium of Tectonics of the SBG. Natal, 294-295.
 Wiseman, J. D. H. 1966. St Paul´s Rocks and the Problem of the Upper Mantle. Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, 11, 519-525.

Ligações externas

 Penedos de Sâo Pedro e Sâo Paulo (espanhol)

Sao Pedro Sao Paulo
Ilhas de Pernambuco
Descobertas geográficas de 1511
Descobertas geográficas de Portugal

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Go set a watchman book club questions and answers
Posted on 14.12.2018 by Adriel P.
Go Set a Watchman Book Club Questions | To Kill A Mockingbird | Harper Lee
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A discussion about 'Go Set a Watchman'
Go Set a Watchman book group questions
Analyze the scene in which Uncle Jack slaps Jean Louise. How does this scene change the tone of the novel? She cannot stand to be around him, since she thinks that he has betrayed all the values he instilled into her throughout her childhood. Until this point, Uncle Jack seemed like an intelligent, highly rational, gentle, level-headed person. He likes carrying on conversation and staying in the background. But with this slap, Uncle Jack asserts his presence and becomes a commanding figure.
Maycomb, Alabama. Set against the backdrop of the civil rights tensions and political turmoil that were transforming the South, Jean Louise's homecoming turns bittersweet when she learns disturbing truths about her close-knit family, the town, and the people dearest to her. Memories from her childhood flood back, and her values and assumptions are thrown into doubt. Featuring many of the iconic characters from To Kill a Mockingbird , Go Set a Watchman perfectly captures a young woman, and a world, in painful yet necessary transition out of the illusions of the past—a journey that can only be guided by one's own conscience. Written in the mids, Go Set a Watchman imparts a fuller, richer understanding and appreciation of Harper Lee. Here is an unforgettable novel of wisdom, humanity, passion, humor, and effortless precision—a profoundly affecting work of art that is both wonderfully evocative of another era and relevant to our own times.
Is Atticus really racist, or did we turn a blind eye in To Kill a Mockingbird? Is Jean Louise a bigot? Can we really depend on states to do the right thing without the intervention of the Supreme Court? At one point, Lee got so frustrated during the rewrite process that she threw her manuscript out the window of her New York City apartment building. Thankfully, Hohoff convinced her to gather it up from the alleyway and finish it to publication. There are some laugh out loud scenes in the book which serve a dual purpose. There is one where a young Scout gets an unwitting kiss by an adorning boy.
All rights reserved. Why publish Go Set a Watchman now? What issues addressed in Go Set a Watchman are still relevant today? How has the South changed in those twenty years? How have Civil Rights changed?
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3 thoughts on "SparkNotes: Go Set a Watchman: Study Questions"
Truthconftoothbe on 22.12.2018 at 20:23 said:
Turner S. on 23.12.2018 at 08:58 said:
Konosuba light novel 10 pdf thank you for your service book review
Chris W. on 15.12.2018 at 18:17 said:


The release of new player housing in Final Fantasy XIV has traditionally meant a mad dash for sparse land followed by angry forum posts about how bad the housing system is. Thanks to new guidelines and restrictions limiting the amount of land players can own, today's land expansion went relatively smoothly.
Previously, when new housing plots were added to Final Fantasy XIV, they'd all go on sale at once. Players would flood the servers, causing all sorts of frustrating queues and congestion. The lack of limits on purchasable plots led to things like obscenely rich players buying up complete housing districts for their personal use, flippers buying plots for resale at a premium to players who couldn't get online in time, and an overall difficulty for anyone but the most well-prepared buyer getting a house at all.
But this morning's release of 1,440 new plots spread across six new districts in the game's four housing regions came with new rules and restrictions. Players are now limited to owning one plot of land for personal use and one plot for their Free Company (guild). Free Companies of four players or more are also limited to one plot of land, so if a player is in a Free Company that owns a plot, they can't buy another in that Free Company's name. To limit plot flipping (buying a plot and reselling it for a profit), land relinquished by its owner is now unavailable for purchase for a period of time.
The downside is that purchase of housing plots is currently restricted to Free Companies. Individuals looking to pick up a small plot for personal use, such as myself, have to wait for an unspecified period before being able to drop a cool three million Gil (in-game currency) on a place to call their own. I get the reasoning—Free Company houses are places for players to come together and commune, and they generally have private rooms players can purchase if they need their own space. Still, I can't help but be a little frustrated, clicking on a For Sale sign and being told I don't qualify. This is supposed to be a fantasy world.
But overall the new land release has gone very smoothly. As of right now, hours after servers went up and new plots went on sale, there are still tons of small housing plots available and not a few mediums, even in the more popular districts.
Hopefully they'll still be around when the private purchase embargo drops. I've got furniture looking for a place to furnish.


text:
Nearby Agents

Serving you since 1999. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipiscing elit.

Home

Nearby Agents

Nearby Agents

 Search for estate agents and letting agents on Favorite Move

          <form class="callus" action="searchag" method="POST">

                  <select name="town_id">
                <option value="">Select Town</option>
                <?php
                foreach($defdata['all_uk_towns'] as $uk_town)
                {
                  $selected = ($uk_town['postcode'] == $this->input->post('town_id')) ? ' selected="selected"' : "";

                  echo '<option value="'.$uk_town['postcode'].'" '.$selected.'>'.$uk_town['postcode'].','.$uk_town['town'].', '.$uk_town['region'].', '.$uk_town['uk_region'].'.</option>';
                }
                ?>
              </select>

                      Agent Name:

                      <input type="text" name="agname" placeholder="Agent Name" class="form-control" id="name">
                      <input type="hidden" name="type" value="ag">

                <input name="type" type="hidden" value="prop">
                <button type="submit" class="btn-blue border_radius top15">Start Search</button>

          </form>

You're 5x more likely to find a buyer for your property on Favorite Move

If you're thinking of selling your property, make sure you choose an agent that can advertise your property on Favorite Move ; where sellers are 5x more likely to find a buyer for their property than on any other property website.

Why instruct an agent at all?

Ask anyone who has sold a property before and they will tell you that selling a property is both complicated and time-consuming. By instructing an agent to sell your home you gain their knowledge of the local property market, as well as their expertise in selling property just like your own.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Despite (partial) victories (such as the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965) Dr. King continued the work of freeing all of America's citizens from injustice and discrimination. His earthly reward for seeking something better for America? An assassin's bullet.
Scripture summarizes the suffering and victories of Old Testament Prophets and Heroes in Hebrews 11. Those men and women did not live to see God's promises completed, but they did their part to fulfill their callings. Usually, at great personal cost or their very lives.
Hebrews 11 rehearses the faithfulness and endurance of Old Testament saints. They fulfilled their calling and purpose, despite not seeing their victory in complete fullness. Hebrews 12 exhorts New Testament saints to be just as faithful and enduring.
Christians of the Roman world often suffered and died but they eventually converted polytheistic pagans into devout Christians. With the continuing advantage of Jesus and the Holy Spirit, we should do as much. Echoing the faith and diligence of Old and New Testament saints, our faithfulness will require that we seek something better, regardless of the personal cost.
Seek something better, no matter who is bother or how they object. Your prize for delivering freedom or salvation will be God's eternal approval. Try not to mind any short term inconveniences or even living to see it completely fulfilled.
Think: Do your part whether or not you see the final victory.


text:
Carl Ludvig Emil Aarestrup (Copenhaguen, 4 de desembre de 1800 – Odense, 21 de juliol de 1856) fou un poeta danès. Tot i que no fou reconegut en el seu temps, és ara àmpliament considerat un dels poetes danesos més influents i avui dia encara és llegit a Dinamarca. Normalment la seva poesia és considerada un important condició prèvia del gran líric simbolista Sophus Claussen.

Aarestrup es va graduar el 1827 en medicina. El mateix any es va casar amb Caroline Aagard i van establir-se a Nysted, a l'illa danesa de Lolland on va viure la major part de la seva vida però des de 1849 fou doctor a Fiònia. Fou un amic proper del poeta Christian Winther. Treballant com a doctor, va escriure poesia en el seu temps lliure. Només un llibre va ser publicat mentre vivia, el 1838: "Digte" (poemes). Fou generalment ignorat pels crítics així com pel públic al temps de la publicació. Un altre va ser publicat després de la seva mort el 1863: "Efterladte Digte" (poemes pòstums).

Entre els lírics danesos, Aarestrup és considerat un del més genuí amoristes. Especialment els seus versos curts i emfàtics en que assoleix un gran mestratge. Com a tècnic de vers és influït pel poeta alemany Friedrich Rückert però troba la seva forma pròpia. Comparat a altres poetes d'amor danesos contemporanis és molt més sensual, material i audaç encara que respectant el decòrum. Entre els seus poemes famosos han de ser esmentats Paa Sneen ("en la neu"), Angst ("por"), Til Nanna ("per nanna"), Tidlig Skilsmisse ("divorci primerenc") i Var det Synd? ("va ser un pecat?"). Menys coneguts avui són els seus pocs poemes polítics que revelen les seves simpaties liberals.

Obra

 1837 – Digte
 1863 – Efterladte digte
 1877 – Danske digtere
 1877 – Samlede Digte
 Tidlig Skilsmisse

Referències

Vegeu també
 Literatura danesa

Poetes danesos
Escriptors de Copenhaguen
Escriptors danesos del segle XIX
Morts a Dinamarca


text:
File Transfer
=============

[Back](index.md)

The file transfer extension allows the user to transmit and receive files.

  * Send a file to another user
  * Receiving a file from another user
  * Monitoring the progress of a file transfer

**XEP related:** [XEP-95](http://www.xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0095.html) [XEP-96](http://www.xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0096.html) [XEP-65](http://www.xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0065.html) [XEP-47](http://www.xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0047.html)

Send a file to another user
---------------------------

**Description**

A user may wish to send a file to another user. The other user has the option
of accepting, rejecting, or ignoring the users request. Smack provides a
simple interface in order to enable the user to easily send a file.

**Usage**

In order to send a file you must first construct an instance of the
**_FileTransferManager_** class. In order to instantiate the manager
you should call _FileTransferManager.getInstanceFor(connection)_, where connection is an XMPPConnection instance.

Once you have your **_FileTransferManager_** you will need to create an
outgoing file transfer to send a file. The method to use on the
**_FileTransferManager_** is the **createOutgoingFileTransfer(userID)**
method. The userID you provide to this method is the fully-qualified jabber ID
of the user you wish to send the file to. A fully-qualified jabber ID consists
of a node, a domain, and a resource. The user must be connected to the
resource in order to be able to receive the file transfer.

Now that you have your **_OutgoingFileTransfer_** instance you will want to
send the file. The method to send a file is **sendFile(file, description)**.
The file you provide to this method should be a readable file on the local
file system, and the description is a short description of the file to help
the user decide whether or not they would like to recieve the file.

For information on monitoring the progress of a file transfer see the
monitoring progress section of this document.

Other means to send a file are also provided as part of the
**_OutgoingFileTransfer_**. Please consult the Javadoc for more information.

**Examples**

In this example we can see how to send a file:

```
// Create the file transfer manager
FileTransferManager manager = FileTransferManager.getInstanceFor(connection);
// Create the outgoing file transfer
OutgoingFileTransfer transfer = manager.createOutgoingFileTransfer(entityFullJid);
// Send the file
transfer.sendFile(new File("shakespeare_complete_works.txt"), "You won't believe this!");
```

Receiving a file from another user
----------------------------------

**Description**

The user may wish to receive files from another user. The process of receiving
a file is event driven, new file transfer requests are received from other
users via a listener registered with the file transfer manager.

**Usage**

In order to receive a file you must first construct an instance of the
**_FileTransferManager_** class. This class has one static factory method with one
parameter which is your XMPPConnection. In order to instantiate the manager
you should call _FileTransferManager.getInstanceFor(connection)_.

Once you have your **_FileTransferManager_** you will need to register a
listener with it. The FileTransferListener interface has one method,
**fileTransferRequest(request)**. When a request is received through this
method, you can either accept or reject the request. To help you make your
decision there are several methods in the **_FileTransferRequest_** class that
return information about the transfer request.

To accept the file transfer, call the **accept()** method. This method will create an
**_IncomingFileTransfer_**. After you have the file transfer you may start to
transfer the file by calling the **recieveFile(file)** method. The file
provided to this method will be where the data from the file transfer is saved.

Finally, to reject the file transfer the only method you need to call is
**reject()** on the **_FileTransferRequest_**.

For information on monitoring the progress of a file transfer see the
monitoring progress section of this document.

Other means to receive a file are also provided as part of the
**_IncomingFileTransfer_**. Please consult the Javadoc for more information.

**Examples**

In this example we can see how to approve or reject a file transfer request:

```
// Create the file transfer manager
final FileTransferManager manager = FileTransferManager.getInstanceFor(connection);
// Create the listener
manager.addFileTransferListener(new FileTransferListener() {
	public void fileTransferRequest(FileTransferRequest request) {
	// Check to see if the request should be accepted
	if (shouldAccept(request)) {
		// Accept it
		IncomingFileTransfer transfer = request.accept();
		transfer.recieveFile(new File("shakespeare_complete_works.txt"));
	} else {
		// Reject it
		request.reject();
	}
}
});
```

Monitoring the progress of a file transfer
------------------------------------------

**Description**

While a file transfer is in progress you may wish to monitor the progress of a
file transfer.

**Usage**

Both the **_IncomingFileTransfer_** and the **_OutgoingFileTransfer_** extend
the **_FileTransfer_** class which provides several methods to monitor how a
file transfer is progressing:

  * **getStatus()** - The file transfer can be in several states, negotiating, rejected, cancelled, in progress, error, and complete. This method will return which state the file transfer is currently in.
  * **getProgress()** - If the status of the file transfer is in progress this method will return a number between 0 and 1, 0 being the transfer has not yet started and 1 being the transfer is complete. It may also return a -1 if the transfer is not in progress.
  * **isDone()** - Similar to getProgress() except it returns a _boolean_. If the state is rejected, canceled, error, or complete then true will be returned and false otherwise.
  * **getError()** - If there is an error during the file transfer this method will return the type of error that occured.

  **Examples**

In this example we can see how to monitor a file transfer:

```
while(!transfer.isDone()) {
	if (transfer.getStatus().equals(Status.error)) {
		System.out.println("ERROR!!! " + transfer.getError());
	} else {
		System.out.println(transfer.getStatus());
		System.out.println(transfer.getProgress());
	}
	sleep(1000);
}
```


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text:
Daughter reunited with mom's stolen remains
mwemery@pal-item.com
Sara Showalter used Facebook to help her find her mother's remains.
The remains were stolen last Wednesday night from a family vehicle.
A man showed up at CVS on the eastside saying the remains had been mistakenly delivered to him.
Showalter picked up the remains Monday afternoon at CVS.
Four days had passed since the remains of Sara Showalter's mother had been taken during a vehicle break-in, but Showalter wasn't giving up on her search.
"I was hurting, and I didn't know what to do or how to do it," the Richmond resident said Monday afternoon. "I had to try anything, and that's what I did."
She turned to Facebook, and she eventually was reunited with the remains of Kathleen Hasson.
"I'm overjoyed right now," Showalter said.
Showalter posted a message on her Facebook page Sunday asking her social media friends to spread the word about the missing remains. The post was shared by 275 people in two hours, Showalter said, and it topped 600 shares by Monday afternoon. A Facebook post on the Speak Out Richmond group page also drew attention.
"The outpouring of support has been so amazing," Showalter said. "I just want to thank everybody who didn't know me who wanted to help."
Showalter's story began Wednesday night when a family vehicle was broken into on South 15th Street. Hasson's remains were among the items taken, leaving Showalter to fear the remains had been dumped in a Rosie Roller and taken away on her neighborhood's Friday trash day.
"There are some things that you can not ever, ever replace," Showalter said. "And I had to come to terms very quickly that I might not get her back."
But she didn't give up, eventually turning to Facebook.
Showalter received a Facebook message from a woman she knows who works at the CVS on Richmond's east side. The message was to call immediately.
When Showalter made the call, she learned a man had shown up at CVS with a box of remains he claimed mistakenly had been delivered to his address. On Monday afternoon, Showalter was able to go to CVS and receive the remains from the store's manager.
"Everything was intact, and I got her back," Showalter said.
The happy outcome was the result of the power of social media.
The employee at CVS knew of Hasson's Dec. 20 death because of Facebook and only knew how to contact Showalter through Facebook. Then there was the support offered by the community through social media. One retired man offered to organize a search party, Showalter said.
"I wish it didn't take a tragedy, but it's nice to know it happens in our town," Showalter said of the community support. "Social media is a very powerful tool, either positive or negative. It's very powerful."


If you want to start a war, the unwashed masses must be convinced to send their brothers, sons and fathers to die on the front lines. The specter of an external enemy must be etched into their collective mind through trauma, exaggeration and repetition. History must be whitewashed, twisted and cherry picked down to a politicized nursery rhyme. At no point should the real motives or consequences of such an endeavor be discussed.
It stands to reason that if we want to STOP a war we must reverse this pattern.
I am the most well known superhero of Oconomowoc.
It has occurred to me that no matter how much good I do, however many people I help or lives I attempted to save, the odds are always against me.
It seems that whenever I am doing too much good and/or close to exposing a case of corruption, the Oconomowoc police station seems to find a way to press charges against me.
I am rather unhappy with the disservice they have provided to the people and their families.
They are no longer a department of law and order, no longer here to serve and defend.
They have become a mob run organization that strictly operates under a code of contact and business only to fulfill the status quo and make money off the people.
You and your cohorts certainly are extremely informed about past and current worldwide events; and have deep inbreed knowledge as to where our government and other governments will be bringing us to; and, it's not a good place at all. I seriously doubt that the majority of the masses in the United States will really challenge our own leaders, politicians, the Congress, and other entities of our government that make life and death decisions for us and for the people of the world are going to rise up and revolt of the bad we do in the name of good; therefore, I suppose we deserve the "end of times" that you are warning us about. Can it really be prevented, stalled, let alone stopped? Perhaps not; nevertheless, those of us who are still here do have the responsibility and obligation, to open ourselves up to be informed, do a whole lot of research, and call our officials, our government on the carpet when they are doing wrong; and for things we, in the name of our government, hear and read what's on their agenda for us and the world. We are big and we are bad; but so too are other governments that we connect to and with. Globalization is what the world has been about for a very, very long time; and, there seems to be too many inter-connections with each other as countries, that it is hard for countries to be there own countries. I as just one person without any clout or any position to affect the slightest hope for change and to turn this around, probably can't do much of anything; but, I will try to be more aware, read much, much more as to what our own rulers are doing; and, put the information of what I know out there. I have to believe that your core group really care about America and the people of the world, or you wouldn't be putting your lives on the line with the information you acquire from the most accurate of sources you receive. I commend you for giving us the truth; and, pray for your good health and safety and that of your families and friends. I promise to be a better informed citizen, and will do my best, to alert my fellow citizens, and contact our own leaders in government when I come to know that they are doing wrong by us and by the world. That is all that I can do from my small space in time. Looking froward to Anonymous Guides when published.
Read David Wilcocks material and books. He just came out with The Ascension Mysteries. I highly recommend it.
Hello anonymous. I have something that i want you to do. I have a private video on YouTube that I am sending to a cyber bully. I request that if one of the anonymous members plays games I need you to take care of a you tuber and find him on steam. Play a private Garry's mod game and do your magic. Do not threaten him. Just make sure that he apologizes and changes his ways. Think this is to hard? Please do this for me.
Hello, Please help me. Please. I am Rupom. I am a student. I have a email account. In my email i give a 2 steep verify but i lost my phone. So what can i do now sir please sir tell me. Please help.
I really need to get in touch with you. Please contact me via email. Please.
I think there are bigger problems than your lost phone and online bullies.
Please contact me via email. Very important to me, my friend and her family.
for what reason do you seek communication?
Have you heard about the DEA trying to place Kratom on the Schedule I narcotics list? This is an all natural leaf from a tree which has nothing to do with opiates at all. It's big government trying to get a piece of the pie with Kratom. Please take a look, millions of people would be eternally great-ful.
Best friend of president Mugabe of Zimbabwe..
We need a revolution to happen around the world. Many people are refusing to wake up and it's up to us to send a message to those people. I'm tired of living in a world based on deception. Please, Anonymous, help the people of this planet. Expose the truth and take down the people that lie to us. We need to fight back and win.
How should I prepar to protect my family here in USA during the worst time in History??
Do I garden veggies, board up windows, stock pile food supplies & weapons??
What can I do to help your group?
It's too much to sit & watch now. Thank you for your response. Thank you for your citizen service!
I am ready for real change.
I am ready for for a globalization.
I want freedom and I am ready to help.
Hey guys… The 2nd amandment ACTUALLY says that US citizens are allowed to organize Militia (anti-government groups) if they know that the gov is doing something wrong. It does say: "every citizen is allowed to organize militia and bear arms. THIS RIGHT SHOULD NOT BE INFRINGED." 2 things i wnna point at: organize militia stands before bear arms in the Amandment, so actually you should be in a militia to have the right to bear arms, and it means an indestructable right to organize a Revolution.
I want more on Hillary. I feel that she is only doing this for power. I am only in 8th grade and this page has influenced me to turn on the machine controlling us the US government, and I join your revolution on this country well me and my father.
I read and see whats going on around me and I hate it. What can we, the people, do to help? I want to know what us regular joes can do to make a contribution in the fight to true freedom. Anonymous gives me hope for the future. It gives me comfort to know that others also sense that there is so much thats very wrong in the world. It gives us power because we are unified. I wanted to attend the march on washington but have no resources to get there. More of these things need to be organized around the world to bring awareness and bring people together. Where the heck are all the anonymous meetings? Not the alcoholic ones either.
Hi Anons, I have been having trouble trying to read articles you past on facebook When ever I click a link to your site it is highjacked by a google generated add for a free something……IPhone, Samsung 7 etc. So I am un able to read your story. I'm not sure if the problem lies with my valaxy tablet or whether facebook is purposely stopping me from reading Anonymous news stories.
I'm a silent watcher of people.
we will raise the alarms, sound the sirens, let the people know, that this nation is at risk for our brotherhood isn't giving up on the people.


This guide will help you setup your DumaOS Geo-Filter to reduce lag in your favourite games. The Geo-Filter shows the location of the server you are playing on and its ping. When set to 'Filtering Mode', the Geo-Filter will guarantee the server is always located near your home, giving you the best possible connection.
Before following this guide, we recommend that you follow the Geo-Filter Tour within DumaOS, which can be started by clicking the '?' icon at the top of the page. This will give you a basic understanding of how the Geo-Filter works.
1. Turn off your game if it's currently running. It is not always essential to do this, but for a game like Black Ops 4 or Apex Legends, it is vital you make your Geo-Filter changes before booting up the game.
2. Click 'Add Device' on the Devices panel. Select your device from the list. If your selected device is a console, it will be added to the Geo-Filter upon clicking 'Done'. If you have added a device that is not a console such as your gaming PC, you will be asked to select the game you wish to filter. Select the game from the dropdown list that appears. If your PC game is not listed, see this guide.
3. Once your device has been added it will default to either Filtering Mode or Spectating Mode depending on whether the service you have selected can be filtered. Filtering Mode will block connections outside of your radius. Spectating Mode will not block connections, it will just show where the locations are located.
The reason we have two modes is that almost all console games and some PC games benefit from Filtering because you cannot choose the server within the game. But this is not true for every game, e.g. League of Legends, CS:GO, Battlefield etc, where you can choose the server. So for these games you just want Spectating Mode.
4. Set your home location on the map by clicking the 'Pin-Drop' icon located just above the Geo-Filter Map. Then click on your location on the Geo-Filter Map.
5. If you want to zoom in on your area of the Map, click the magnifying glass icon and then click on the Map. Click the X where the magnifying glass used to be to complete.
6. Expand the Geo-Filter Map options menu (click the three horizontal line icon in the top left of the Map) to change other settings. You can choose whether distance is in kilometres or miles. We recommend you keep Strict Mode on for every game except Destiny 2. We also recommend you keep Auto Ping Host enabled. If you want to learn more about these options, click the '?' icon in the corner of the Options menu.
7. Now Set Distance by dragging the distance slider. For a game that requires filtering, we recommend 1000km-2000km (600 miles - 1200 miles) to begin with. Once you start playing, you can move this up or down depending on your experience. For example, if search times are high, increase the size of the distance or if you feel search times are fast but your ping could be better, reduce the distance.
9. If you are in Filtering Mode, you will see hosts get blocked if they are outside of your radius. You will be blocking distant, higher-ping servers and hosts, allowing you to find the best online connections.
If you are in Spectating Mode, hosts will not be blocked, but you can see their location.
Note: if you see a server with a white ring around it (often in Ireland), this is just an Authentication Server used by the game to allow you to play. It's not a dedicated server that hosts your actual game. So you can ignore this when it appears.
10. View the Ping to the host in the panel that appears below the Map. If Auto Ping Host is enabled, it will do this automatically once the host has been chosen. If you disabled it in the Options menu on the Geo-Filter Map, then you need to click on a connection icon to view its ping. The largest icon will always be the host of the game.
Allow lets you white-list your friends who live outside of your range so they can connect to you even if they are outside of your filter range.
Deny lets you block connections that are within your range, for example a nearby server that gives you a bad connection.
You 'Deny' bad hosts or 'Allow' good hosts and friends from the Ping Panel on your Geo-Filter page.


How long, on aveage, does it take you to make some Sweet Tea? Man I loves me some sweet tea. Drink it just about every day. I make it just about every day after lunch at work. I started wondering how long it takes me to walk over to the kitchen, make the tea, and return to my desk.
I broke the sweet tea run into 3 sections. The approach to the kitchen, the actual brew time, and the return trip to the desk. The kitchen is roughly 90 steps from my desk. Using average stride of 30" that translates to 225 feet.
The brew step goes as follows.
Wash out my cup. I use a reusable cup from home.
I tracked 21 Sweet tea runs.
The longest trip was 3 minutes and 47 seconds. I had a note on this run indicating that the cup washing process took longer than normal because I had not used the cup after a long weekend and it was prety gross.
Slowest approach was 51.93 seconds. That is about 2.9 mph. Must have been tired after a workout.
Slowest Brew time was 2 minutes and 19 seconds. Note indicates there was a slow lady at the water fill up station. I think she was reading a book. Get out the way peeps.
Best time was 2 minutes and 52 seconds. This was powered by the fastest brew time and a below average approach and return.
Quickest among the approach and return times was 40.58 seconds for a blazing 5.5 miles per hour. Look out folks.
Here is a chart showing each phase. The Red line is the brew time. The blue line is the approach time and the green line is the return time.
Finally here is a chart plotting the total times for the Sweet Tea Speed Runs.
A dramatic close to the first annual AC Invitational. Matt Taber captured the title in the first sudden death playoff hole. Joe Story forced the sudden death playoff hole by shooting a double boogey on the 9th and final hole. Matt Taber parred out the final two holes to catch Joe on the final hole. Both golfers finished the round at Even par forcing the playoff.
"I was striking the ball well. My approaches looked good, putting was good. It was a good day to get out there and score." responded Joe in the post round interview. He fielded several questions about what went wrong on that 9th hole as the tournament seemed to be his to lose. "Just didn't finish it out there. I had a chance to close it on the last hole, just didn't get it done."
"I tried to see the shot without thinking about mechanics. Just didn't get it done. When you are in the heat of a major championship you tend to revert back to your old habits good or bad. Today was just not my day to finish the round." Carrying the poor play from the 9th hole to the sudden death hole, Joe shot another double bogey on the playoff hole, opening the door for Matt to finish off the tournament.
"It was great to get out there and get my first tour win. Hoping to take this momentum onto the next tournament." said Matt in his post round interview. "The next tournament is in my own back yard. I've played this course hundreds of times. That mixed with the positive momentum from this tournament will hopefully power me to back to back tournament wins." When asked about Joe's collapse. "He played the entire tournament well. That 9th hole can take down anyone. You hit a poor shot off the tee box and you are in trouble at the start. I was fortunate enough to get a good shot off the tee box. I don't see that as a major collapse. Just a bad shot at a bad time. Could happen to anyone of us."
The next stop in the JHA MGT tour is the "Dude Where's my Par?" Tournament. The field is deep with fierce competitors. Matt Taber is in good position to take back to back tournaments. Who will rise up to the challenge and steal this tournament and the momentum on the JHA MGT.


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Джеймс Дра́ммонд (; конец 1786 или начало 1787, , Шотландия — 27 марта 1863, , Западная Австралия) — шотландско-австралийский натуралист, ботаник и сборщик образцов растений, миколог. Наиболее известен как исследователь-первопроходец флоры Западной Австралии. Ассоциированный член Лондонского Линнеевского общества (1810).

Биография
Джеймс Драммонд родился в конце 1786 или в начале 1787 года в семье Томаса Драммонда, садовника поместья Фозерингем в . Был крещён 8 января 1787 года.

С 1808 по 1829 год работал куратором ботанического сада в Корке (Ирландия), опубликовал несколько работ по растениям Ирландии.

В 1829 году вместе с женой и 6 детьми отправился на барке «» в Западную Австралию, где был назначен суперинтендантом правительственных садов (жалованье — 100 фунтов стерлингов) и правительственным натуралистом (; должность без жалованья), хотя работал преимущественно в области ботаники.

С 1835 года Драммонд занялся сбором образцов растений и семян, которые отправлял в Англию. Вместе со своими сыновьями и коллегами (включая Джона Гилберта) предпринял несколько экспедиций в южные районы Западной Австралии. В июле 1845 года во время экспедиции к  был убит его сын Джонстон, после чего Джеймс Драммонд на время прекратил полевую работу. В 1846 году он был представлен к королевской награде за заслуги перед ботаникой, после чего продолжил полевую работу до 1855 года, когда завершил карьеру полевого исследователя в связи со старостью.

Умер 27 марта 1863 года в Тудьяи (Западная Австралия).

Научная деятельность
Джеймс Драммонд специализировался на семенных растениях и на микологии.

За весь двадцатилетний период экспедиций Драммонда было собрано свыше 3500 образцов растений Западной Австралии, ставших основой для описания нескольких сотен видов.

Память
В честь Джеймса Драммонда названо 119 видов.

Примечания

Литература

Ссылки

Члены Лондонского Линнеевского общества


Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Google+ StumbleUpon Pinterest Shares I read The Moonling twice and cried each time.
Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Google+ StumbleUpon Pinterest Shares The Moonling is an inspiring story from which children as well as adults can learn and the highly original illustrations stay with you long after you've closed the book. Definitely a must-have for the book collection on the bedside table!
Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Google+ StumbleUpon Pinterest Shares A humorously written and richly illustrated book which provide much joy and learning to young readers and listeners!
Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Google+ StumbleUpon Pinterest Shares The Moonling's experience on earth changed something within both characters. This inspirational story encourages us to realize how we really do belong and that we really can make a difference in our world. I would recommend this book. The illustrations are unique and memorable.


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Seizes last private oil fields
President Hugo Chávez on Tuesday celebrated the "nationalisation" of Venezuela's last foreign-controlled oilfields, situated in the Orinoco Belt, which could contain the biggest oil reserves in the world.
Venezuela seizes last private oil fields
Mr Chávez has hailed the move as the end of the exploitation of Venezuela's resources by multinational corporations, although the change, in effect, means only that the state will receive majority control of four heavy oil projects, reducing the stakes of ConocoPhilips, Chevron, ExxonMobil, Total, BP and Statoil, which are worth more than $15bn (£7.5bn, €11bn).
"Welcome to the new PDVSA," Rafael Ramírez, Venezuela's energy minister in charge of the state oil company, said to a crowd of workers. The workers had substituted their traditional blue helmets for red ones – the colour favoured by Mr Chávez's followers – highlighting the increasing politicisation of the company.
Television footage also showed the oil workers raising the flags of Venezuela and PDVSA over a refinery and the four drilling fields.
A fly-over by recently imported Russian-made fighter jets was also planned, as well as a strong military presence. Venezuela was exercising "its right to administer its natural resources in benefit of the people", said Mr Ramírez.
Mr Chávez also took advantage of international workers' day to announce a 20 per cent increase in the national minimum wage. He said that the increased wage was equivalent to $286 (€209, £143) a month, "one of the highest levels in the whole of the American continent".
However, inflation figures released for April showed a rise in prices of 1.4 per cent in the last month, causing year-on-year inflation in the last 12 months to rise to 19.4 per cent from 18.5 per cent a month earlier.
In a further sign of independence from what Mr Chávez called "mechanisms of imperialism", he announced on Monday his intention to terminate Venezuela's membership of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. This follows a similar show of bravado from Ecuador, which expelled the World Bank's representative in Quito, after accusing the organisation of "extortion".
Mr Chávez has also threatened to withdraw from the Organisation of American States if it condemned his decision not to renew the licence of a local television station, RCTV.
Negotiations now officially begin for increasing the state share in the Orinoco Belt oil projects to a minimum of 60 per cent, with a June 26 deadline for an agreement.
Last week, all the large oil groups involved, except ConocoPhilips, signed a memorandum of agreement to hand over control to the state. Venezuela has threatened to expropriate ConocoPhilips' assets if it fails to comply.
The measure brings "to a definitive end the historic chapter known as the oil 'opening', which was no more than handing our oil over to the empire through these companies", Mr Chávez said at the weekend.
Source: The Financial Times


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Dieter Huebner
A master Gold and Silversmith, Dieter Huebner, boasts a remarkably diverse background as both an expert craftsman and designer.
A Canadian citizen since 1957, Huebner's varied artistic skills became apparent early in his career. After graduating from the Jewellery Arts Program at George Brown College in Toronto and earning his Graduate Jeweller designation from the Canadian Jewellers's Institute, Huebner returned to Germany, the country of his birth, to further his studies in Gold and Silversmithing. It was at this time that he met Norbert Brinkhaus, future sponsor of his winning Diamonds-International Awards entry.
After apprenticing with Keller&Co,. one of the world's most prestigious jewellery and diamond merchants, he also earned his Master Goldsmith Diploma from the Guild in Wiesbaden, Germany.
In 1976, Huebner returned to Canada and joined Humber College where he taught Metal Arts, Gold & Silversmithing for the next eight years. During this time and continuously throughout his career, he produces jewellery and other custom designed pieces for many private clients and participates in design contests. In addition to being one of the winners for the De Beers Diamonds International Awards 2000 Exhibition in Paris, France, his most recent continued successes include:
(photo by Albert Watson )
Gold Category Award Winner - Canadian Jewellers Excellence In Design 2007
Pearl Category Award Winner - Canadian Jewellers Excellence In Design 2008
2007 GOLD:
Yellow and white gold earrings, inspired by a linden tree covered in clusters of green, spherical seeds. As they took shape, they also resembled stars in the cosmos. Much like a galaxy on a rotating mobile, these earrings spin freely on their axis.
"They're a nod to nature and to the stars,"says Huebner. "I wanted a design that would allow some shadow play to bring them to life. I think I've captured that."
2008 PEARLS:
The central design element featuring 51 natural pearls affixed to an 18 KT white gold clip, inter spaced with random sized 20 KT yellow gold spheres which compliment the pearls and highlight the over all appearance.
For this particular entry, the inspiration was a Lacy leaf covered with random dew or rain drops. To add a different twist to the conventual idea of an "EARRING" this version, is NOT an earring per se, but more accurately could be described as a lady's hand assembled – custom made fancy haute couture design "EAR-ORNAMENT". The thought being, that the finished pair, caress the ear rather than clip, pierce, snap or pinch, all of which evoke thoughts of PAIN!
White Gold & Diamond Earrings
White Gold & Pink Sapphire Diamond Earrings
[Home] [About Dieter] [Services] [News/Links] [Contact Us]


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shortstoriesblogger
A strange comfort
I am Banksee
Taking centre stage……..
Modern day fairy tales
Parent hood
The mission……………..
The story behind the story……..
Partly in response to the 'Lego Movie' with its incessantly upbeat song 'Everything is awesome', I was surprised by how much I enjoyed this film. Still, the constant and 'never-ending positivity' of the main character Emmet did make me smile.
And it's this proliferation of positivity on some social media channels that I find can get a little 'wearing' at times. I don't always want or need to be continuously bombarded with happy thoughts, vibes, happy emoji's or OXOXs. Still, to be fair, I don't want a load of all negative 'cr#p' either.
So, without further ado, I give you:
'What can I do to help you make a positive change in your life today?' Chirped the voice from the App as Sylvia tapped on it, more it has to be said from idle curiosity than anything else.
'I am your Happy App designed to bring joy and positivity to your life.'
'Don't think so', thought Sylvia as she struggled to shut the App down, her curiosity very quickly replaced with irritation.
She had absolutely no recollection of downloading this particular App, and she groaned inwardly as it continued to send notifications, each accompanied with either an emoji or some 'chirpy' noise.
It was while it was encouraging her to step fully into her awesomeness that Sylvia, almost stepped into the path of an oncoming bus as she struggled to shut it down.
Not sure how awesome she would have felt under the wheels of a bus, and she may well have needed more than a few healing Chakras to recover. Anyway, after taking note of the 'salute' from the clearly shaken driver, Sylvia shut down her phone and resolved to sort it all out once she was safely back at the office. Then she could take a good look at the 'App', that had somehow appeared on her phone.
Unfortunately for Sylvia, she had a few issues to deal with as she arrived at work and at some point during a particularly trying exchange with Rex. A long-standing member of her team, she automatically switched on her phone, having forgotten all about the 'App'.
It wasn't until she was back in her office that she was reminded of the 'App' when it piped up with:
'I think you could have handled that a little better.'
'How would you have handled it?' Sylvia asked somewhat sarcastically as she gazed in astonishment at her phone. She had in her heated exchange with Rex, completely forgotten about the 'App' and her intention to sort it out.
To her amazement, her phone started to vibrate in her hand, as though it were thinking and then announced:
'I might well have arranged another time to talk through the issue in greater detail, rather than trying to sort it all, at that moment.'
There was something in its' tone, that brought Sylvia close to throwing it across her office. Instead, Sylvia chose to take a few steadying breaths as she considered the 'App's response.
It was true that the issue was more complex and involved than a quick chat in the corridor merited and Rex had seemed decidedly unnerved by the exchange.
Still, it was one thing to be bombarded with 'happy notifications', it was quite another to have the thing eavesdropping on her conversations and chipping in with advice. Even if it was well-meant.
'How do I get rid of you?' She asked, clearly there was no need to type anything if it could just listen in.
'You can't' came back the reply, almost instantly 'I will only leave once my mission is complete.'
'What mission?' Croaked Sylvia, she was feeling decidedly 'freaked 'out by this whole exchange, and she resolved to renew her phone and number at the weekend.
There is no sound as the words 'To make you happy' come up on the screen.
Janice Taylor
www.blueskycareerconsulting.co.uk
By blueskys51in Modern day fairy tales, Uncategorized May 13, 2016 March 31, 2020 667 WordsLeave a comment


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Home Sport Article
Lord's outing for Freddie
By Liam Apicella
liam.apicella@iliffepublishing.co.uk
Published: 06:45, 24 August 2018
Freddie Heldreich is rarely overcome by nerves when it comes to all things cricket.
Freddie Heldreich (3627308). Picture: Heldreich family
He may only be 16 years of age, but the bowling all-rounder has already represented Suffolk's second string and under-17s, as well as having trained alongside the county's senior players.
Heldreich also has a vast experience of life in the Marshall Hatchick Two Counties Championship and currently turns out for Division One side Woolpit.
However, by his own admission, this usually cool, calm and collected teenager was knocked off his stride when earlier this month he was invited to Lord's, where he would bowl at the likes of England captain Joe Root and the country's leading Test run-scorer of all time, Alastair Cook.
The Badingham resident got the call after his performance for Woolpit at Coggeshall had captured the attention of Alan Butcher, who in turn contacted England coach Paul Farbrace.
Heldreich is a left-arm chinaman – a rare commodity in this country – and with Root's men looking to prepare themselves for the threat of India's unorthodox spinner Kuldeep Yadav, he was summoned for a net session at the home of English cricket.
"It was completely nerve-racking," said Heldreich, who turns 17 next month.
"I usually sleep on the way to cricket matches, but I did not get any sleep at all.
"It is not every day you get the opportunity to bowl at such big names.
"We arrived early and so we got to see the players warming up – it was all a bit surreal.
"I got to bowl at every one of the players except James Anderson and Stuart Broad, which was amazing.
"It was whole different level to what I am used to, but I really enjoyed it."
The Framlingham College pupil started off his cricketing life as a seam bowler, but he soon impressed coaches with his ability to make the ball deviate from left to right after pitching.
It is a skill that has won him admirers at County Championship Division Two outfit Northamptonshire, for whom Heldreich is hopeful of representing at second-team level in the near future.
Being a part of the set-up at the County Ground has only served to improve Heldreich, as did the recent experience with England, and he is hoping it is all leading to a long and distinguished career within the game.
"I was bowling at the same time in the nets as Moeen Ali and Adil Rashid," he added.
"(Coach) Saqlain Mushtaq was watching on and gave me lots of tips and feedback.
"He was praising me for the good things I'd done but also pointed out where I could improve.
"I already fell like a better bowler for the experience.
"It is a massive step bowling at 17-year-olds to bowling at top international players. You have to adapt your game and that can only improve you. It is a dream to play for England one day, but it is very much one step at a time.
"The fact that I am a left-arm chinaman might help me – not many counties have them."


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English (WS)
How cows are catalysts for hope in Rwanda
LivelihoodsPeace-buildingReconciliationTraumaInspired Individuals
By Nick Wyke
How do you start to bring together survivors of genocide with those who perpetrated the violence? Even for the most sensitive and diplomatic of human beings, it's taxing work.
Mujawamariya Odette and Nzigira Philemon take care of a cow together. He led the mob that destroyed her house. Had she been found, she would have been killed. Photo: Christophe Mbonyingabo
Perhaps that is why Christophe Mbonyingabo thought a cow would work well in the role of peacemaker. And so he enlisted the help of a largely passive creature to continue the hard work already done in reconciliation workshops.
The Cow for Peace project was started by Christophe, executive director of CARSA (Christian Action for Reconciliation and Social Action), in 2010. 'We gave a cow to a woman and a man – she was struggling to forgive him for having killed her father,' he says. 'It was a way to keep genocide survivors and their direct perpetrators together after the workshop, as they were not meeting as regularly as we would have liked them to.'
In Rwanda, a cow is culturally the greatest gift one person can give to another. Cows are symbols of wealth and prosperity, and ownership of a cow carries incredible significance. Furthermore, a cow needs intense supervision and requires the whole family to share the responsibility of its care. In this way, the reconciliation process is strengthened for both families involved.
'We gave a cow to a woman and a man – she was struggling to forgive him for having killed her father'
Christophe Mbonyingabo
The aim of the project is for a survivor and direct offender to care jointly for a cow. The animal plays the role of a bridge between them. It also acts as a bridge between their family members through meetings that renew mutual trust and break down fear and suspicions.
The cow stays with the survivor's family, bringing the offender's family to visit regularly. The first calf that is born is given to the offender's family in a communal ceremony as a sign of restored relationship.
At a recent cow-giving ceremony, one participant said that it was the first time in his life, after all he had been through in the genocide, that anyone had given him something. Having lost his parents at the age of seven, he had to stop his education and endure loneliness as his surviving siblings lived far away in Kigali. He was an unhappy man. But he was very touched to receive the cow, and he explained that CARSA has been a blessing in his life since the time of the workshop, when he was helped to forgive the man who killed his mother.
The first calf that is born is given to the offender's family in a communal ceremony as a sign of restored relationship. Photo: Christophe Mbonyingabo
In another case, Celestin is one of the perpetrators who killed Emerthe's seven relatives during the genocide. When Celestin was released from prison, Emerthe contemplated how to get revenge on him. It was during this time that they both attended a CARSA workshop, which helped them to recover from their trauma symptoms. They became beneficiaries of the Cow for Peace programme, with both of their families sharing the responsibility of caring for a cow. Not only have they been reconciled, their children have become close friends. They are also able to sell the milk from the cow to pay for school fees, and the manure from the cow has increased their crop production. Celestin and Emerthe remain close friends today, always inviting each other when they host a party.
'It is powerful for community members to witness two former enemies who could not talk to one another otherwise,' says Christophe. 'Sharing a cow increases their hope for a reconciled and sustainable future.'
In May this year CARSA embarked on a research project that will help it to determine more clearly how much the cow is able to help beneficiaries.
'We can testify to changes that have taken place in the lives of these people so far,' says Christophe. 'In reconciliation cell groups we are also hearing about their good progress on the journey of forgiveness and how some of them are even helping their neighbours who need reconciliation.
'Our hope is that as the survivor-offender pairs share the responsibilities of looking after a cow, their relationship will grow stronger.'
Nick Wyke
Nick Wyke is the Tearfund Learn editor. Email: nick.wyke@tearfund.org