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Great Britain Government: more books (100)
Occupational Pension Schemes: Tenth Survey by the Government Actuary by Great Britain. Government Actuary's Dept., 2001-01-31
Equality Bill - Equality Impact Assessment by Great Britain. Government Equalities Office, 2009-11-19
Actuarial Tables with Explanatory Notes for Use in Personal Injury and Fatal Accident Cases by Great Britain. Government Actuary's Dept., 1998-05
Convention Between the Governments of Great Britain, Germany, Austria-Hungary, France, Italy, Russia and Turkey Relative to the Finances of Egypt: Signed ... by Command of Her Majesty. January by Great Britain, 2010-03-12
Liability of the Government of Great Britain for the Depredations of Rebel Privateers On the Commerce of the United States, Considered by Charles Pinckney Kirkland, 2010-02-26
A New Collection of Laws, Charters and Local Ordinances of the Governments of Great Britain, France and Spain: Relating to the Concessions of Land in Their ... Texas On the Same Subject, to Which Is Pr by Joseph M. White, Great Britain, 2010-04-22
The major foreign powers: The Governments of Great Britain, France, the Soviet Union and China by John Calyer Ranney, 1950
The Right, Obligation, & Interest of the Government of Great Britain to Require Redress from the Government of China: For the Late Forced Surrender of British-Owned Opium at Canton by Alexander Graham, 2010-05-25
The government of Great Britain, its colonies and dependencies, by Albert E Hogan, 1924
A discourse on the conduct of the government of Great-Britain, in respect to neutral nations, during the present war
The Official Correspondence Between The Governments Of Great Britain, The South African Republic And The Orange Free State, Which Preceded The War In South Africa (1900)
Agreement Between the Ministers Plenipotentiary of the Governments of Great Britain and China Signed at Chefoo On the 13Th September, 1876 by Great Britain, 2010-05-25
The Right, Obligation, And Interest Of The Government Of Great Britain To Require Redress From The Government Of China (1840) by Alexander Graham, 2010-05-23
Liability of the government of Great Britain for the depredations of rebel privateers on the commerce of the United States, considered. by Charles P. (Charles Pinckney) Kirkland, 1863-01-01
1. UT - MENIC: Countries And Regions: Great Britain: Government
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2. 1Up Travel > United Kingdom Or Great Britain Government - Facts On Government Of
Wanted to find out info about Government of United Kingdom or Great Britain withrespect to Country name, Data code, Dependency status, Government type, Capital
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Hotel Database Country Flag ... Travel Warning GOVERNMENT United Kingdom Government Top of Page Country name: conventional long form: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland conventional short form: United Kingdom abbreviation: UK Government type: constitutional monarchy Capital: London Administrative divisions: Dependent areas: Anguilla, Bermuda, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands, Gibraltar, Guernsey, Jersey, Isle of Man, Montserrat, Pitcairn Islands, Saint Helena, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Turks and Caicos Islands
3. Great Britain: Government
encyclopediaEncyclopedia—great britain government. Great Britainis a constitutional monarchy. The constitution exists in no one
http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/world/A0858457.html
Encyclopedia Great Britain
Great Britain is a constitutional monarchy. The constitution exists in no one document but is a centuries-old accumulation of statutes, judicial decisions, usage, and tradition. The hereditary monarch, who must belong to the Church of England according to the Act of Settlement of 1701, is almost entirely limited to exercising ceremonial functions. The two main parties are the Conservative party , descended from the old Tory party, and the Labour party , which was organized in 1906 and is moderately socialist. The Liberal Democrats , formed by a merger of the Liberal party and the Social Democratic party , is a weaker third party. Both Scotland and Wales have nationalist parties whose goal is the independence of those respective regions. Sections in this article:
Introduction People Economy Government History Bibliography
History AD AD AD AD AD
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Great Britain is a constitutional monarchy. The constitution exists in no one document but is a centuries-old accumulation of statutes, judicial decisions, usage, and tradition. The hereditary monarch, who must belong to the Church of England according to the Act of Settlement of 1701, is almost entirely limited to exercising ceremonial functions. The two main parties are the Conservative party , descended from the old Tory party, and the Labour party , which was organized in 1906 and is moderately socialist. The Liberal Democrats , formed by a merger of the Liberal party and the Social Democratic party , is a weaker third party. Both Scotland and Wales have nationalist parties whose goal is the independence of those respective regions.
5. Forestry Commission Of Great Britain Homepage
Government department responsible for advising UK Ministers on forestry policy and for implementing that policy throughout Britain.
http://www.forestry.gov.uk/
recreation sustainable forestry timber learning ... planting and managing woods The Forestry Commission of Great Britain is the government department responsible for the protection and expansion of Britain's forests and woodlands. There's nothing like a trip to nature's very own gym to help burn off the unwanted calories. Our forest network is home to hundreds of biking trails and walks so there's always something for everyone. Peace and quiet and loads of fresh air - sounds great! Why not share our wonderful pictures with someone! Send a spring ecard Use our recreation database to find somewhere to go, or something to do, near you.
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7. Great Britain: Government Income 1791-1820
Research Abstract of the Napoleonic Era. great britain government Income 17911820.NoteAll figures are in thousands of £ Years. Customs. %. Excise. %.
http://www.napoleon-series.org/research/abstract/government/budget/britain/c_exp
Great Britain: Government Income 1791-1820
Note: All figures are in thousands of £ Years Customs Excise Land and Assessed Taxes Property and Income Tax** Stamps and Post Office Total Income *1800 figures incomplete and omitted.
**introduced in 1799 Source: Evans, Eric J. Forging of the Modern State: Early Industrial Britain, 1783-1870 nd ed. London: Longman, 1996
Abstract Index Government Index Finances Index Great Britain Finances ... Home
8. Great Britain: Government Expenditures1791-1820
Research Abstract of the Napoleonic Era. great britain government Expenditures17911820. NoteAll figures are in thousands of £ Years. Debt Charges. %.
Great Britain: Government Expenditures 1791-1820
Note: All figures are in thousands of £ Years Debt Charges Civil Government Total *1800 figures incomplete and omitted. Source: Evans, Eric J. Forging of the Modern State: Early Industrial Britain, 1783-1870 nd ed. London: Longman, 1996
Government Great Britain is a constitutional monarchy. The Great BritainGovernment. Great Britain is a constitutional monarchy. The
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Great Britain: Government Great Britain is a constitutional monarchy. The constitution exists in no one document but is a centuries-old accumulation of statutes, judicial decisions, usage, and tradition. The hereditary monarch, who must belong to the Church of England according to the Act of Settlement of 1701, is almost entirely limited to exercising ceremonial functions. The two main parties are the Conservative party , descended from the old Tory party, and the Labour party , which was organized in 1906 and is moderately socialist. The Liberal Democratic party, formed by an alliance of the Liberal Party and the Social Democrats, is now a weak third. Both Scotland and Wales have nationalist parties whose goal is the independence of those respective regions.
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10. Government Bonds - Great Britain
Government Bonds Great Britain. Government Bonds - Great Britain shows the lastprice, daily change, and daily high and low for government-issued bonds.
http://channeltg.telerate.com.hk/bc/webhelp/Government_Bonds_-_Great_Britain.htm
Government Bonds - Great Britain
Government Bonds - Great Britain shows the last price, daily change, and daily high and low for government-issued bonds.
The color of each line shows the price change direction: green A positive change red A negative change white Unchanged black Security has not traded or the market is closed
Display Data
The headings across the top specify the information given for each bond: Symbol Symbol of the vehicle Company Name Bond name, interest rate, and date of maturity Last Price Price of most recent trade Day Chg The change from the previous day's closing High Current day's high price Low Current day's low price
11. Governments On The WWW: Great Britain And Northern Ireland
Statistics and information regarding the geography, people, government, economy, transportation, communications systems and defense forces. of great britain and Northern Ireland. conventional short form United Kingdom. abbreviation UK. government type
http://www.gksoft.com/govt/en/gb.html
Governments on the WWW: Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Home Table of Contents List of Countries Signs and Symbols ... Feedback
Official languages: English - in parts of the country: Welsh
General Resources:
UK online
National Institutions:
Cabinet Office ...
Social Security Advisory Committee (SSAC)
Law Officers' Department
Legal Secretariat to the Law Officers
Crown Prosecution Service (CPS)
Serious Fraud Office (SFO)
Treasury Solicitor's Department ...
Employment Appeal Tribunal (EAT)
Regional Institutions:
Government Office for the East of England (GO-East)
Government Office for the East Midlands (GO-EM)
Government Office for London (GOL)
Government Office for the North East (GO-NE) ...
Yorkshire Tourist Board
Northern Ireland Government
Office of the First Minister and Deputy First Minister
Human Rights Unit ...
Office of the Ombudsman for Northern Ireland
Scottish Executive
Development Department (SEDD)
Communities Scotland
Accounts Commission for Scotland
Education Department (SEED)
Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Education (HMIE)
General Teaching Council for Scotland (GTCS)
Scottish Council for Research in Education (SCRE)
Scottish Council for Educational Technology (SCET) ...
Independent Committee of Inquiry into Student Finance
Health Department (SEHD)
Common Services Agency
Health Education Board for Scotland (HEBS)
National Board for Nursing, Midwifery and Health Visiting for Scotland (NBS)
12. HSE Home Page
government body with a statutory role in protecting the health and safety of people at work throughout great britain.
http://www.hse.gov.uk
TOP TEN TOPICS ...
Search search help Updated
A-Z Index Feedback Search Contact us ... Good practice awards 2003
The European Agency for Safety and Health at Work invites nominations for the fourth European Good Pracice Awards in occupational health and safety. Find out more about rail safety
Railway safety case regulations amended and HSE updates its guidance. For more on how safety cases improve safety on the railways and what HSE is doing. Work related road safety
Each year about 3,500 people are killed on our roads and 40,000 are seriously injured. Each one results in terrible pain and suffering. Press releases Campaigns Current events Links ... New forestry and arboriculture leaflets
Practical guidance on key issues including working with chainsaws, falls from heights, extraction and processing.
13. British Olympic Association
Nongovernment funded organisation relying solely on the support of commercial partners and fundraising. It provides elite level expertise for the 35 Olympic sports (excepting pistol shooting) in great britain, assisting in the preparation and planning for the GB team for both Winter and Summer Games.
http://www.olympics.org.uk
SUMMER SPORTS ARCHERY ATHLETICS BADMINTON BASEBALL BASKETBALL BOXING CANOEING CYCLING EQUESTRIAN FENCING FOOTBALL GYMNASTICS HANDBALL HOCKEY JUDO MODERN PENTATHLON ROWING SAILING SHOOTING SOFTBALL SWIMMING TABLE TENNIS TAEKWONDO TENNIS TRIATHLON VOLLEYBALL WEIGHTLIFTING WRESTLING WINTER SPORTS ALPINE BIATHLON BOBSLEIGH CROSS-COUNTRY SKIING CURLING FIGURE SKATING FREESTYLE SKIING ICE HOCKEY LUGE NORDIC COMBINED SHORT TRACK SPEED SKATING SKELETON SKI JUMPING SNOWBOARDING SPEED SKATING
PSYCHOLOGY WORKSHOP EXECUTIVE BOARD MEETING BOA ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING CYPRUS TOURISM ORGANISATION PARTNER BRITISH OLYMPIC ASSOCIATION AS TEAM GB LOOKS TOWARDS ATHENS 2004 AND BEYOND ...
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14. National Library Of Scotland
Founded over 300 years ago as the Library of the Faculty of Advocates, the institution acquired its present name in 1925 and is today on of great britain's premier research libraries. Collections include Scottish bibliographies, manuscripts, maps, rare books, science, and government documents depository.
http://www.nls.ac.uk/
All images and text © 2000 The National Library of Scotland
15. CAIN: The Anglo-Irish Treaty, December 1921
This agreement of 1921 between Michael Collins' Irish delegation and the British government of Lloyd George provided for the Irish Free State to be established, and for Northern Ireland to remain united with great britain.
http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/issues/politics/docs/ait1921.htm
CAIN Web Service
The Anglo-Irish Treaty, 6 December 1921
Page Compiled: Fionnuala McKenna
ANGLO IRISH TREATY ARTICLES OF AGREEMENT AS SIGNED on December 6th, 1921
1. Ireland shall have the same constitutional status in the Community of Nations known as the British Empire as the Dominion of Canada, the Commonwealth of Australia, the Dominion of New Zealand and the Union of South Africa, with a Parliament having powers to make laws for the peace, order and good government of Ireland and an Executive responsible to that Parliament, and shall be styled and known as the Irish Free State. 2. Subject to the provisions hereinafter set out the position of the Irish Free State in relation to the Imperial Parliament and Government and otherwise shall be that of the Dominion of Canada, and the law practice and constitutional usage governing the relationship of the Crown or the representative of the Crown and of the Imperial Parliament to the Dominion of Canada shall govern their relationship to the Irish Free State. 3. The representative of the Crown in Ireland shall be appointed in like manner as the Governor-General of. Canada and in accordance with the practice observed in the making of such appointments.
16. Wales Internship
American students of any major can apply for internships in the National Assembly for Wales. The Assembly was opened in 1999 following a drive by Prime Minister Tony Blair to devolve government to the regional nations of the UK.
http://www.cas.ohiou.edu/pols/walesinternship/
The Official National Assembly for Wales Internship Program Welcome to one of America's most exciting internship programs,
open to US students of all majors.
please click the icons shown to explore our site.
PM Tony Blair discusses the fight against terrorism in the National Assembly for Wales
Read about the internship from those who are on it This Site Has Received hits Site created and designed by David A. Norris, November 2000. Editor: Katherine E. Hockman.
17. The Labour Party - More Teachers More Nurses More Police
Official site of the Labour Party, britain's "democratic socialist party", according to Category Society Politics Socialism Social Democracy Parties...... winners, Councillors News from the Local government Conference, Glasgow Unions Workingtogether to make britain better great drinks offer A brand new online off
http://www.labour.org.uk/
Tue 8 April
For the latest news from Labour
For members, councillors and eNews choices
New users register here.
Keep an eye on the site on Wednesday for the latest news and campaign materials Full Budget coverage Monday 7 April 2003 On Wednesday 9 April Chancellor Gordon Brown will deliver his Budget at 12.30pm. The full text of Gordon's speech plus the highlights and summaries that are useful for greater understanding and campaigning material will be available shortly after the Chancellor sits down in the House of Commons. "Torture, execution and ethnic-cleansing are everyday life in Saddam's Iraq" Labour MP Ann Clwyd Iraq: Ann Clwyd answers your questions Monday 7 April 2003 Long-standing human rights campaigner Ann Clwyd will answer Labour party members questions live in a website question and answer session next week. Ms Clwyd, MP for Cynon Valley, is a campaigner for the rights of ordinary Iraqis and has visited Iraq many times, most recently just before the start of the military conflict. "I see myself as the voice for party members in government" Labour Party chair Ian McCartney New party chair spends first day campaigning Friday 4 April 2003 Ian McCartney is the new Labour Party chair after a limited Cabinet reshuffle this morning. The MP for Makerfield swung immediately into campaigning mode – going to Llanelli in Wales to campaign in the elections for the Welsh Assembly on 1 May. Ian takes over from John Reid who moves to become Leader of the House of Commons.
18. Winlotto - Worldwide Lottery Ticket Service
Offers entry to 9 government lotteries in 4 countries, Australia, great britain, Spain and the United States.
http://www.winlotto.com/
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19. CIA - The World Factbook 2002 -- United Kingdom
long form United Kingdom of great britain and Northern Ireland conventional shortform United Kingdom abbreviation UK. government type Definition Field
http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/uk.html
Select a Country Afghanistan Albania Algeria American Samoa Andorra Angola Anguilla Antarctica Antigua and Barbuda Arctic Ocean Argentina Armenia Aruba Ashmore and Cartier Islands Atlantic Ocean Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas, The Bahrain Baker Island Bangladesh Barbados Bassas da India Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bermuda Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Bouvet Island Brazil British Indian Ocean Territory British Virgin Islands Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burma Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Cayman Islands Central African Republic Chad Chile China Christmas Island Clipperton Island Cocos (Keeling) Islands Colombia Comoros Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Cook Islands Coral Sea Islands Costa Rica Cote d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic East Timor Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Europa Island Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) Faroe Islands Fiji Finland France French Guiana French Polynesia French Southern and Antarctic Lands Gabon Gambia, The
20. Ordnance Survey Maps - Britain's National Mapping Agency.
The UK government agency responsible for the official, definitive topographic survey and mapping of great britain.
http://www.ordsvy.gov.uk/
Ordnance Survey is Britain's national mapping agency. We provide digital mapping data coverage of Great Britain with and the complete map covering England, Scotland and Wales.
Ordnance Survey mapping products include Land-Line large-scale digital (electronic) data, available at 1:1,250, 1:2,500 and 1:10,000 scales; Landplan plots , OSCAR (Ordnance Survey Centre Alignment Of Roads); Land-Form Profile Land-Form Panorama ; Superplan Data Strategi 1:250,000 scale colour raster 1:50,000 scale colour raster 1:10,000 scale raster; ... Code-Point and
Digital data can be used in Geographic Information Systems (GIS), used as a basis for street level mapping and can also be used to provide online mapping for Internet and Intranet viewing.
Available for view are the sections on National Land Use Database (NLUD), National Street Gazetteer (NSG) and joined-up geography.
We have an online Leisure map shop where you can buy our Landranger maps Explorer maps or tour maps for walking, rambling, cycling, motoring, tourism, holidays, horse riding and other outdoor activities.


They are still children... very adult in their frames of mind...... forced to be that way..... Venus lost her father, Chung I, and had to begin battling the dragons before she could complete her training in the ways of the Shinobi.
I received a letter from a friend's student the other day.... Master Kamishiro was killed... I cannot believe it still.... He was a very powerful fighter... and so is his student.
What was that you just said Venus? I could have sworn you called everyone here irresponsible. Umm... well..... uh...... Hello Galileo. How long have you been back?
I have been back almost one and a half hours, Venus.
That long? I thought you were still gone. No, my business ended quite a long time ago. I have been in my room meditating on the day's events. I was not gone all that long. You should learn to be more observant of sounds and other such things around you.
I did not sense you were back... How did you get in? I used a secret entrance to my room. Though you should have noticed me when I went to the fridge. You were simply preoccupied with wondering when I would return.
He should be back in about five hours. He keeps a fairly tight schedule. When he says that he will be back at a certain time, he does what he can to make sure that is is back at that time.


Which Way Should Your Elbows Face At Address?
The next time you address the ball, check to see which way your elbows are facing. You probably haven't given this much thought, but there really is a correct way that your elbows should face. In this short video, Dave Cahill demonstrates the correct positioning of your elbows.
By the way, if you have read Ben Hogan's "The Modern Fundamentals of Golf" you might note that David Cahill's advice conflicts with Ben Hogan's instruction that the elbow should be tucked closely together, which would force the opposite side of the elbows to point skyward. David Leadbetter in his book, which is an analysis of Hogan's book, asserted that in practice Hogan's elbows were much more relaxed, which means they may actually have looked more like Cahill's.
David Cahill states that the correct elbow positioning will increase your shot consistency. I would add that it will likely do so, by helping to keep your swing on plane.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The State of Minnesota requires persons caring for more than one unrelated family to have a license. Minimum standards have been set and are defined in MN Rules Chapter 9502. This rule regulates child care providers in a setting other than a child care center, usually the provider's residence, for fewer than 24 hours per day.
The Commissioner of the Minnesota Department of Human Services (DHS) has delegated the licensing of family child care to counties. Isanti County Family Services is the authorized representative of DHS for providers who live in Isanti County. Isanti County Family Services processes applications, monitors compliance with rules and statutes, makes recommendations to DHS, and enforces DHS decisions. DHS will issue a license once all licensing requirements are met.
What are the fees for licensing?
How many children can I care for at one time?


text:
Q: Repeat template enable_if condition on multiple templates I have the following code...
#include <iostream>
#include <map>

template <typename T, typename...>
struct is_contained : std::false_type {};

template <typename T, typename Head, typename... Tail>
struct is_contained<T, Head, Tail...>
    : std::integral_constant<bool, std::is_same<T, Head>::value ||
                                       is_contained<T, Tail...>::value> {};

// Enum types
enum class Fruit { APPLE, BANANA };

// To string maps
std::map<Fruit, std::string> fruits = {{Fruit::APPLE, "apple"},
                                       {Fruit::BANANA, "banana"}};

// Map string map to enum
template <typename T>
std::map<T, std::string> typeMap;
template <>
std::map<Fruit, std::string> typeMap<Fruit> = fruits;

// operator<< for mapped enums
template <typename T,
          typename = std::enable_if_t<is_contained<T, Fruit>::value>>
std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const T &t) {
  os << typeMap<T>.at(t);
  return os;
}

int main() {
  Fruit f = Fruit::BANANA;
  std::cout << f << std::endl;
  return 0;
}

... to implement operator<< for various enum types. Now the specific line:
typename = std::enable_if_t<is_contained<T, Fruit>::value>>

makes sure that my stream operator implementation is only used for my specific type which would be expanded to a list of all of my user enum types.
The problem I am trying to solve is how to reuse that condition on other template functions without having to repeat the list of types or to use macros. Something like: typename = TypeIsInMyList<T>
Might be very simple, but I failed to come up with something.
The is_contained implementation was found in https://stackoverflow.com/a/16252940/11722.

A: Here's the C++20 way of doing things:
template <typename T, typename ...P>
concept one_of = (std::same_as<T, P> || ...);

Then you can either directly write this:
template <one_of<Fruit, void, int, char> T>
std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const T &t) {/*...*/}

Or make yet another concept:
template <typename T>
concept foo = one_of<T, Fruit, void, int, char>;

template <foo T>
std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const T &t) {/*...*/}

A: If I understand correctly, you're looking for a simple using, like
template <typename T>
using TypeIsInMyList
   = std::enable_if_t<is_contained<T, Fruit, void, int, char>::value>;

that you can use as follows
template <typename T,
          typename = TypeIsInMyList<T>>

But I suggest to modify it as follows
template <typename T>
using TypeIsInMyList
   = std::enable_if_t<is_contained<T, Fruit, void, int, char>::value, int>;

and use it on the left of the equal
template <typename T,
          TypeIsInMyList<T> = 0>

It's a little complicated but... I don't think it's a real difference, in you case, but the second solution is the a preferable way when you have alternative function in overloading.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace ConvenienceSystemDataModel
{
    public class User
    {
        public string username;
        public double debt;
        public string state;
        public string comment;
        public int ID;
    }

    public class Product
    {
        public string product;
        public double price;
        public string comment;
        public int ID;
    }

    public class AccountingElement
    {
        public int ID;
        public string date;
        public string user;
        public double price;
        public string comment;
        public string device;
    }

    public class KeyDate
    {
        public string keydate;
        public string comment;
    }

    public class Mail
    {
        public string username;
        public string adress;
        public bool active;
    }

    public class Device
    {
        public string code;
        public string rights;
        public string comment;
    }

    public class ProductCount
    {
        public string product;
        public int amount;
        public double price;
    }

    public class FireWallElement
    {
        public int ID;
        public string ip;
        public string comment;
    }

}


text:
Home / Restaurants / The Most Popular Fast-Food Chain the Year You Were Born
The Most Popular Fast-Food Chain the Year You Were Born
From White Castle to Wendy's, here's when every fast-food chain peaked during your childhood.
Published on May 15, 2021 | 8:10 AM
Fast food is an undeniable part of the culinary landscape across the globe, with the United States, in particular, serving as a hub for these quick-and-easy chains. Approximately 25% of American adults eat something from a fast-food chain every day, and more than a third of kids are eating fast food daily. Whether you're crazy about Chipotle burritos or can't say no to a Big Mac, odds are you're giving in to your fast food cravings from time to time. The CDC reports that U.S. adults consume an average of 11.3% of their calories from fast food.
However, that hasn't always been the case. Long before there was a Starbucks on every corner and a McDonald's drive-thru within a mile of every suburb, fast-food chains were rolling out new items to test markets around the world. Before you hit up another chain, find out which fast-food items were the most popular the year you were born.
And for more, check out these 15 Classic American Desserts That Deserve a Comeback.
1940: KFC
While KFC was first founded in Harland "Colonel" Sanders' native Kentucky (and originally called the Sanders Court and Cafe), it wasn't until a decade later that his signature blend of 11 herbs and spices was born. In 1940, Sanders introduced the Original Recipe chicken to the delight of fast-food fans.
RELATED: Sign up for our newsletter to get daily recipes and food news in your inbox!
1941: Carl's Jr.
Carl's Jr., formerly known as Carl's Drive-In Barbecue, first offered its famous burgers in 1941.
RELATED: Your ultimate restaurant and supermarket survival guide is here!
1947: Fatburger
Ken Wolter / Shutterstock
Fatburger first made its mark on the fast-food industry with its eponymous burger in 1947. The chain, which opened its first restaurant in Los Angeles' Exposition Park, now has locations in more than a dozen countries.
1948: McDonald's
While McDonald's was first founded in 1940, it wasn't until 1948 that McDonald's perfected its fast-food model, then called Speedee Service, bringing its hamburgers to an increasing number of customers each year that followed.
1949: Dairy Queen
While malts and milkshakes may seem like they've been around forever, it wasn't until 1949 that Dairy Queen introduced them to customers in the United States. And in 1951, DQ added banana splits to the menu, further increasing its offerings of frozen treats.
1950: Whataburger
Whataburger first started serving its now-famous burgers in 1950 and now operates hundreds of stores across the United States.
1951: White Castle
While White Castle first opened its doors in 1921, it wasn't until 30 years later that it perfected its recipe. The five-holed burger you'd get at a White Castle today was first introduced in 1951.
1953: Burger King
Burger King hasn't always been fast-food royalty. The chain first introduced its popular hamburger to the American market in 1953 and has been serving millions of customers a year ever since.
1955: Dunkin'
Originally known as Open Kettle, Dunkin' in its current form began franchising—and bringing its sweet treats to delighted customers—in 1955.
Burger King's most famous menu item, the Whopper, a quarter-pound burger with tomatoes, lettuce, mayonnaise, ketchup, and pickles on a sesame seed-topped bun, has been a hit for the chain for decades. The Whopper was first introduced in 1957.
1961: In-N-Out
While it seems as though everyone knows about In-N-Out's not-so-secret Animal Style burger, it wasn't until 1961 that this burger hit the market.
Bubbers BB/Shutterstock
McDonald's first foray into fish came about in 1962 with the introduction of the wildly popular Filet-O-Fish. This sandwich offered a viable fast food alternative to burgers for Catholic customers, who typically eschew red meat on Fridays during Lent.
1964: Chick-fil-A
While Chick-fil-A's original incarnation, Dwarf Grill, first opened its doors in 1946, it wasn't until nearly two decades later that its most popular menu item was born. In 1964, the Original Chicken Sandwich was introduced, quickly becoming a wildly popular fast-food order.
1965: Subway
Long before the five-dollar footlongs (and the scandal), Subway was just another sandwich shop. The popular chain first rolled out its now-famous sub in 1965.
More than 20 years after McDonald's opened its doors, the chain created its most famous menu item to date. The Big Mac, one of the most popular McDonald's creations of all time, was first gobbled up by fast food fans in 1968.
The on-the-go fast food breakfast was undeniably perfected by McDonald's when the chain rolled out its Egg McMuffin in 1972.
Michael Gordon/Shutterstock
For over a decade, those Animal Style fries and burgers had no dessert-like accompaniments. Fortunately, in 1975, the chain started serving its decadent milkshakes.
1976: Popeyes Fried Chicken
Ken Wolter/Shutterstock
It wasn't until more than 40 years after KFC was founded that its biggest competitor hit the market. In 1976, Popeyes first introduced its spicy, Southern-style fried chicken to captivated consumers everywhere.
1977: Mrs. Fields'
Once a staple in every mall, Mrs. Fields' famous chocolate chip cookies begin their rise to dessert dominance in 1977. While this chain isn't as ubiquitous as it once was, it still operates hundreds of kiosks worldwide.
The McDonald's Happy Meal was first rolled out in 1979 and has been a staple on the chain's menu ever since. However, it may not be around forever: Research suggests that the popularity of the Happy Meal has steadily declined in recent years.
Courtesy of McDonald's
It wasn't until the 1980s that McDonald's began rebranding itself with new non-burger alternatives. The chain's popular McChicken sandwich was first introduced in 1980.
1981: Quiznos
More than 15 years after Subway launched its popular sandwiches, Quiznos followed suit with a similar model. In 1981, the chain introduced opened its first store in Denver, Colorado.
McDonald's/Facebook
While Chicken McNuggets have been on select McDonald's menus since 1980, you couldn't purchase them at every McDonald's until a few years later. Chicken McNuggets' popularity influenced a nationwide rollout in 1983.6254a4d1642c605c54bf1cab17d50f1e
Dairy Queen's most famous menu item took more than two decades to reach peak popularity. While it was originally introduced in the 1960s, it wasn't until 1985 that the Blizzard was popular enough to be sold at stores nationwide.
1986: Wendy's
A bigger burger for Americans' ever-growing appetites was introduced by Wendy's in 1986. Dubbed the Big Classic, this burger topped a Kaiser roll with a quarter-pound patty, lettuce, tomatoes, onions, pickles, ketchup, mayonnaise, and special seasoning.
Although McDonald's fried pie first hit the market in 1968, it took another 24 years for another iteration to be introduced. In 1992, the chain rolled out the ever-popular baked apple pie.
1993: Chipotle Burritos
For many millennials, Chipotle feels like it's been part of our fast food fabric forever. However, it wasn't until 1993 that the chain opened its doors, welcoming Tex-Mex fans to its world of oversized burritos. Today, each Chipotle location serves an average of 771 burritos every single day.
1995: Starbucks
When Starbucks was first founded in 1971, the chain's menu was all about serving basic coffee to its under-caffeinated customer base. That all changed in 1995 when Starbucks rolled out its Frappuccino, which is now available in both caffeinated and coffee-free flavors.
McDonald's took more than half a century to roll out its popular McFlurry treat. Unfortunately, the unreliability of the chain's ice cream and milkshake machines makes the odds of you getting one pretty iffy.
Fast food breakfast got a whole lot sweeter in 1998. It was then that Burger King introduced its Cini-Minis, tiny cinnamon rolls so popular they made a brief return in late 2018.
Carl's Jr. hopped on the "bigger is better bandwagon" in the early 2000s. The hamburger giant first rolled out its popular Thickburger in 2001. Today, you can get that burger topped with a hot dog and potato chips in what's been dubbed the Most American Thickburger.
RELATED: Easy, healthy, 350-calorie recipe ideas you can make at home.
2002: Arby's
Courtesy of Arby's
Arby's deviated from its usual roast beef menu in 2002. The chain rolled out its Ultimate BLT sandwich that year.
Facebook/Burger King
Chicken Fries, Burger King's popular hybrid of chicken strips and French fries first fed hungry customers in 2005.
The chocolate Frosty was one of the very first products on the Wendy's menu when the chain opened its doors in 1969. However, it wasn't until 2006 that Wendy's began offering the popular vanilla alternative in the majority of its stores.
Jonathan Weiss/Shutterstock
Bacon burgers finally got their due in 2007. It was that year that Wendy's introduced the Baconator, a hamburger topped with bacon and cheese, which has remained popular to this day.
For more, check out these 108 most popular sodas ranked by how toxic they are.
Sarah Crow
Sarah Crow is a senior editor at Eat This, Not That!, where she focuses on celebrity news and health coverage. Read more about Sarah

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Toyota makes special car to mark 25th anniversary of Derbyshire factory
A limited edition Auris Hybrid is being built to celebrate quarter of a century in the county
Robin JohnsonBusiness Editor
The limited edition Auris Hybrid GB25 which Toyota has made to mark 25 years at its Burnaston factory (Image: Simon Jessop)
Toyota has produced a limited edition of a model that it builds in Derbyshire to mark 25 years of car manufacturing in the UK.
The Japanese car-maker is celebrating the landmark anniversary by selling a special version of the Auris Hybrid, a model that it builds at its Burnaston factory.
Toyota first started making cars at the Derbyshire plant back in December, 1992. The first car to roll off the production line was a Carina E.
Since then, over the past quarter of a century, the Burnaston factory has made more than four million vehicles, which have been delivered to customers across the UK, mainland Europe and beyond.
And in that time, the company has invested more than £2.5 billion in Burnaston and its engine-making plant in Deeside, North Wales.
Derby city centre pub gets new landlords and now serves lobster
Earlier this year, the firm announced it was investing a further £240 million in the Derbyshire factory to upgrade production processes.
Today, Toyota employs more than 3,000 people across its two UK plants and supports many more jobs within its UK supply chain.
Burnaston was the first Toyota factory in Europe to start producing hybrid vehicles, which are powered by a combination of petrol and electricity.
It is the home of the Auris Hybrid and to mark the factory's 25th anniversary, it has produced the limited edition car, known as the Auris Hybrid GB25.
The Toyota Auris Hybrid GB25 has a number of distinctive features
According to Toyota, the special car "represents the best of Toyota's UK manufacturing, a stylish and spacious compact hatchback offering the smooth, quiet and efficient performance of the latest-generation petrol-electric hybrid powertrain".
Thieves attack East Midlands Ambulance Service vehicles and take them off the road
Performance-wise, the car's 1.8-litre petrol-electric engine can give 72.4 miles per gallon fuel consumption. On the outside it has a distinctive "bi-tone" paint finish, combining a contrasting black roof, front grille and door mirror casings with a choice of Tokyo Red, Pearl White or Aspen Grey bodywork. Its special status is marked out a by a "25 years building in Britain" badge, incorporating the Union flag.
Inside, it has black leather upholstery with a quilted finish for the backrest and cushion and contrast silver stitching – also featured on the armrests and dashboard trim.
Other equipment features include 17-inch alloy wheels with silver and machined contrast finish, rear privacy glass, full colour multi-information display automatic air conditioning, power windows, push-button start and leather steering and shift lever trim. The car went on sale at the start of the month with a price tag of £24,045.


It's ok to own a cannon if it's been disabled. There's a website that sell military equipment like tanks, APC's, armored cars you name it. Once considered buying an ex Russian BTR-40 rebuilt with GM powertrain. It would have been an awesome off road vehicle! But poorness won out!
Speaking of Russian gear ... always wanted a (older) Lada Niva 4x4 ... but, wife always says a big "NYET" !!!
There is someone near here, at Coomandook, who collects old stuff. He used to have a 105mm at the front gate. Now that is gone, replaced by a tank, I think a Centurion. There is someone else at Murrayville (or just near there) with a yard with several WWII tanks, including a Matilda, but they seem like they were used a farm implements. And someone else in the Flinders apparently still had a WWI British tank which he had used as a tractor and then it stopped, so it was left in the field.
The great Centurian! Historically the best tank ever produced!! Able to lock horns with modern tanks 50 years after it was designed!! Sorry bit of an armor geek!
If I can't own a Centurian, no K-3 for me either!!
Did you see the latest prices on the K-50? Hot dog!!
Yep...I guess that means it is about time to prepare for the all new K-60 or K-50 Super?
K-60 with AF module & 24mp sensor from the K-3?
AF module? What is that?
Does it speed up the slow AF system and fix house-sized focus points in the VF?
Last edited by Tom S.; 03-05-2014 at 11:05 AM.
Somebody is hostile! You're certainly entitled to your opinion regarding the technical ability of a camera. But perhaps you could voice your concerns in a clear, logical manner without profanity or hostility?
Nope, slows it down even more and reduces your focus point to just one...shaped like a house.
No, it makes excellent cheese nachos, however.
Last edited by Tom S.; 03-05-2014 at 11:06 AM.
Perhaps he could start another thread about the slow AF & house sized AF points that we could then derail into a beer, bacon & cheese thread?
Only works from under a rock.


Note: This post was written before news of writer Maya Angelou's death emerged. Annalisa will be away until early next week, but feel free to send her your bookish thoughts and questions on Twitter at @annalisa_quinn.
Book News: If Jesus Dictates A Book To You, Who Holds The Copyright?


React-Router is the most popular routing solution out there for React applications – so much so, that a lot of developers think of it as the 'Official Routing Solution' for React. While I'm sure React-Router works quite well for a lot of people, I've always disliked working with React-Router. I'll try to summarize my reasons in this article.
React-Router is arguably the most popular routing solution for writing React applications today. Most frontend developers these days automatically include Redux, React-Redux and React-Router as de-facto dependencies for pretty much any application. Including Redux, is something I can understand, as it provides quite a few tangible benefits, but what I don't understand is why anybody would settle for a routing solution that is both inferior and needlessly complicated.
For a bit of background, let me say that while I've been working across the stack for the past 12 years, my primary preference has always been to work on the backend, or on non-browser front ends. I used to absolutely loathe writing front-end code for browsers, because it was too messy, and inevitably devolved into a huge mess of spaghetti code. Thankfully, the last few years, tooling for the front-end has improved tremendously and most of my pain points have been resolved. I started actively writing browser front-end code, when I first started learning React, some three+ years ago.
So as a guy who has done a lot of backend work, on both APIs and web apps returning rendered HTML pages, using everything from php running on cgi-bin (with paths to files mapped as urls), to Express and Koa, with well-defined explicit routing. I've got a very specific idea of what a router is, what it should do, and how it should do it. To me, a Router is a piece of glue code that uses the requested url to identify a Controller, and execute that controller, providing it with a certain context, which usually contains information about the incoming request. That's it. Nothing more.
If you look into Express.JS's router, you'll see that is exactly what it does. It exposes an API, that allows you to register controllers to routes (and methods), and then when a request is received for any of the registered routes, it executes the registered controllers in the order they were registered in. It exposes a very simple API that nevertheless packs in a lot of flexibility and functionality into it. This is my gold standard for a router. It does one thing, it does it well, and it stays out of your way at all other times.
So let's jump into what I don't like about React-Router and why.
Everything is a component in React-Router.
My view of components has always been that they are part of the view layer, and when I write applications, I work to keep business logic like API calls, validation, etc. out of the actual component, and instead try to keep them at the controller level.
However, React-Router's 'everything is a component' approach to routing makes this impossible. Say I want to fetch some data from my backend before rendering a component, the solution to this in React-Router land is to create a new custom component which will 'block' the navigation until the data is made available.
According to React-Router docs, there are three types of components in React-Router, only one type of which (Link) is actually a view component. The rest are there to enable routing. Why is my router play acting as React components?
React-Router exposes two different routers, BrowserRouter and StaticRouter. If you need to make a few API requests to fetch data before rendering, then the way to achieve this differs significantly based on which router you're using. Pretty much all examples I've seen for server side rendering with React-Router, show significant differences in the server routing code, and in the browser routing code. This limits the amount of code that could possibly be reused between the server and the client.
On the server side, you actually have to use matchPath an internal method used by the router, to manually check if the path matches the path of the incoming request, and then call the associated helper function to make the API call and get the data. Hang on a minute! Isn't matching a path and calling the registered controller literally the definition of a router? So to perform server side rendering with async data fetching using React-Router, you have to write your own mini-router inside the StaticRouter?
If you want React-Router to handle a route change, that is triggered by clicking on a link, in your application, you will have to use one of either Link or NavLink components exported by React-Router. If you don't use these components, React-Router will not catch the route change, and your browser will instead perform a full page redirect to the link url.
So you're going to end up with a lot of Links and NavLinks littered throughout your app. This means that, if you eventually decide to switch out of React-Router to something else, you'll have to rewrite every single component of yours that uses these components. I'm not a big fan of this lock in, and would prefer to do without it.
Under some very specific conditions, React-Router will actually not render updated components, when the url changes. Now to be fair, this is a very well known and documented situation, but the fact is that this is not really an edge case, and the probability that you'll encounter this in your app is quite large. And the way to fix it, is to add yet more boilerplate code.
And if you want to use Redux to manage your routes, that's against recommended practice. Instead you'll have to use a completely seperate Connected React Router module to 'synchronize your routes with your store'. I don't even know what that means, or why I should want to do it.
This is my final reason for not using React-Router. React-Router v4 completely removed the concept of centralized route configuration, and they did not provide a fully functional replacement. As of today (4th of January, 2019), the react-router-config package which was supposed to provide this functionality, is still in beta.
I understand that a project might want to make breaking changes, and in a lot of cases such breaking changes are completely justifiable, but when a large subset of your users are actively using a feature, and you decide to remove it, you should at the very least provide a stable replacement solution. I don't want to have to worry about a hypothetical future scenario when the developers decide to deprecate some feature that my app relies on heavily, and force me into a situation where I either have to rewrite a lot of things to remove dependency on that feature, or run an outdated version of the library.
So these are the primary reasons I dislike, and do not use React-Router. If you're interested in finding out what my router of choice for React applications is, then I'm sorry to disappoint you, but I don't really have one. Instead I just use a homegrown router that I've been using for pretty much all of my SPAs (both React and non React). It mimics the ExpressJS router's API, with a few tweaks so it can be used for isomorphic routing and rendering React components. I'll talk about how I handle routing in my React applications using this homegrown router in a future post.
I'd love to hear your opinion on things I've written in this post. Unfortunately, I've not yet found a nice lightweight comments widget to add on to my blog, so until then the only way I can take comments is via email. Do write to me at asleepysamurai at google's mail service.


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South West Hants Group
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Power after Pentecost
Last month I wrote about the Power that comes from the Resurrection, and in particular the power of change signalled by that event and the coming of the Holy Spirit, and not just historically, but in the present too. Sadly, all too often our response is muted when we are put off by the challenges that life brings to us. In the present time we are often deterred by small numbers and feelings of apathy that seem to be expressed towards Christians and faith in general. However, if we think we have it hard then spare a thought for the early believers. Empowered by the Spirit at Pentecost they soon faced hostility from the Jewish authorities that degenerated into harsh persecution.
In Acts chapter 8 we read about how one believer, Philip, responded to these difficulties not by giving up, but by following the lead given by the Holy Spirit. This Philip is also known as the Deacon or the Evangelist. He was one of seven men originally selected to help ensure that the widows of Greek speaking Jewish believers were treated fairly and got the resources that they required: hence the title deacon, from the Greek diakonos or servant. Because he was one of The Seven it is usually (but not always) believed that he was a different person from the Philip who was an apostle and one of the twelve, and who had been one of the original disciples. Be that as it may, Philip the Deacon would not stay as a helper or administrator, because God knew that he had other talents that could be used (as incidentally happened with another one of The Seven, Stephen, who became the first Christian martyr).
When things got too "hot" in Jerusalem, Philip went north to Samaria and preached the gospel. Then he headed south and it was on an otherwise deserted road from Jerusalem to Gaza that the Holy Spirit led him to meet with an Ethiopian eunuch. Eunuchs have an ambivalent place in Old Testament scriptures: in Deuteronomy 23 verse 1 it was stated that they could not be a part of God's people. However the harshness of that stricture was changed by Isaiah 56 verses 3 to 5 "…if you do what please me and faithfully keep my covenant, then your name will be remembered…You will never be forgotten." Interestingly the eunuch was reading a passage from Isaiah 53, the suffering servant. Had he read the other passage and realised that he had a place in God's Kingdom too? Although eunuchs were servants they had important roles in various kingdoms in ancient times, and through spending a little time with him, Philip was able to explain the scripture that the eunuch was reading (the passage about the suffering servant) and the Good News about Jesus. The eunuch was baptised as a consequence of this short, but life changing encounter, since Philip was called away and subsequently spent many years living in Caesarea, on the coast (much later he would host Paul on his way to Jerusalem for the last time). Although it was brief, that encounter on the Gaza road would be an influential one, because others would learn about Jesus from the eunuch, and from the way in which the eunuch would treat others as an important official of the Queen of Ethiopia.
So, we are reminded that the Gospel of Christ is inclusive and that God also brings opportunities for service and witness. Moreover individual encounters are every bit as important in spreading the Good News as larger gatherings, and we should take time to get alongside others, whilst allowing ourselves to be guided by the Spirit. Our God gives us opportunities to work with others today, and bear witness to Him.
I was much reminded of this when Christian Aid collecting this year. I must admit that the first thirty to forty minutes of collecting this year were not at all promising, and I wondered if it would not have been quicker and perhaps more financially rewarding for Christian Aid if I had put a tenner in an envelope and left it at that! However things changed and thereafter, and on the following four evenings, things were quite different. Firstly it was good to renew old acquaintances, and to be able to pray subsequently for some situations. Although quite a number of people now give in other ways, there were many good wishes for success. Then there were the good-humoured replies, "I'm sorry about the delay…I was just manufacturing the money". And then the humbling responses from people who genuinely wanted to give and were keen to do so, including a lady I caught on my second call to her house who told me that she was so glad to give, because she realised how good God had been to her, and how very fortunate she has been in comparison to others.
The Spirit is at work in others, and around us, preparing the way, and wants us to play our part too!
Chris Noyce


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Q: Disable right click in GTK window I would disable right click (and so context menu) in a Python GTK window (pyGTK) where inside is located a "window" pyWebKitGtk.
Someone can help me writing some lines of code?
I think that would better delete event directly in pyGTK but if you know how don't show context menu in pyWebKitGtk is good anyway.
TNK TNK TNK
Realy cutted code:

import gtk
import webkit

window = gtk.Window(gtk.WINDOW_TOPLEVEL)
window.connect("destroy", gtk.main_quit)

browser = webkit.WebView()
browser.open("http://www.stackoverflow.com")
scroller = gtk.ScrolledWindow()
scroller.add(browser)
window.add(scroller)

window.show_all()
gtk.main()

A: You can use the enable-default-context-menu setting:
webview.props.settings.props.enable_default_context_menu = False


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Orthoporus mundus är en mångfotingart som beskrevs av Chamberlin 1942. Orthoporus mundus ingår i släktet Orthoporus och familjen Spirostreptidae. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Dubbelfotingar
mundus

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The MedKlinn Asens Air Sterilizers are driven by Cerafusionâ"¢ Technology, the latest in ionization technology. The technology conforms to the relevant stringent electrical safely standards.
The Asens Premium is specially designed for indoor use. When the Asens Air Sterilizer is operating, freshness begins to fill the room. This is like the invigorating smell found near a large waterfall or after a thunderstorm, but in much greater measure. Like a gushing fountain, the MedKlinn Asens floods the room with massive amounts of beneficial negative ions. This continuous stream of cleaning ions quickly bind and remove airborne particles, as well as destroying both surface-bound and airborne micro-organisms, leaving in its place a clean, healthy and fresh environment for you and your loved ones.
The Asens Premium incorporates a Turbo function which can significantly increase the efficiency and coverage. This function is controlled by a timer with various duration to provide the optimum air cleaning requirement.
The Asens Premium, bringing nature back into your living space... enhancing your life.


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Bespoke Morning Lineup – 8/19/22 – The 1962, 1970 Comp
See what's driving market performance around the world in today's Morning Lineup. Bespoke's Morning Lineup is the best way to start your trading day. Read it now by starting a two-week trial to Bespoke Premium. CLICK HERE to learn more and start your trial.
"If you don't know who you are, the stock market is an expensive place to find out." – Adam Smith, The Money Game
Below is a snippet of content from today's Morning Lineup for Bespoke Premium members. Start a two-week trial to Bespoke Premium now to access the full report.
With August coming to an end soon and what has historically been the worst month of the year for the stock market — September — on deck, this morning we looked for years similar to 2022 that saw strong S&P 500 gains in the first two months of Q3 even though the index was still down big YTD.
Only two other years since WW2 really fit the bill. Both 1962 and 1970 saw 7%+ gains in the first two months of Q3 with the S&P still down more than 10% YTD through August. Below is a chart showing the YTD % change throughout the year in 1962, 1970, and so far in 2022. The patterns look quite similar, and it's noteworthy that 1962 and 1970 were both mid-term election years for first-term Presidents, just like 2022.
In September 1962, the S&P fell 4.8%, but after that weakness, the index surged higher in Q4. In September 1970, the S&P rallied 3.3% and continued to gain sharply in Q4 as well. In both 1962 and 1970, the S&P was higher from the end of August through year-end. Investors would certainly take a repeat of that this year!
Our Morning Lineup keeps readers on top of earnings data, economic news, global headlines, and market internals. We're biased (of course!), but we think it's the best and most helpful pre-market report in existence!
Start a two-week trial to Bespoke Premium to read today's full Morning Lineup.


In the foreseeable future, it is likely that the familiar, paper-based patient medical files will become a thing of the past. On April 26, 24, President George W. Bush announced a plan to ensure that all Americans' health records are computerized within ten years and to establish a National Health Information Network. Many advocates are enthusiastically promoting the adoption of health information technology (HIT) and electronic health record (HER) systems as a means to improve U.S. health care.
HER systems often not only serve as record-keeping systems, but also have multiple capabilities, including drug ordering, decision support, alerts concerning patient allergies and potential drug interactions, reminders concerning routine tests, and various treatment management and data analysis tools. Because these capabilities require sophisticated software, significant risks of software failure exist, which can lead to life-threatening medical errors. Thus far, scholars have not provided a comprehensive assessment of the benefits and risks of this complex technology and evaluated the need for careful regulatory oversight akin to that required, in principle, by the FDA for life-critical medical devices. This paper begins to fill that gap. It analyzes HER systems from both legal and technical perspectives and focuses on how the law can be used as a tool to promote HIT. It is the first law journal article to provide an extensive proposal for regulations to maximize the technology's benefits and reliability.
We argue that the advantages of HER systems will outweigh their risks only if these systems are developed and maintained with rigorous adherence to best software engineering and medical informatics practices. To ensure that these goals are achieved, regulatory intervention is needed. The paper carefully delineates recommendations that address the questions of who should regulate HER systems and how they should be regulated, including their approval and continual monitoring. It also proposes requirements for several significant features, including decision support mechanisms, audit trails, and interoperability. Because HER systems are safety-critical, the public's health and welfare will depend upon their effective oversight.
Hoffman, Sharona and Podgurski, Andy, "Finding a Cure: The Case for Regulation and Oversight of Electronic Health Record Systems" (2009). Faculty Publications. 1.


Transversal technology par excellence, artificial intelligence has all the assets to play the leading roles in the next decade. With consequences on our relationship to digital technologies, the economy, and even geopolitics.
Everything suggests that artificial intelligence will be the key technology of the next decade. The field has grown enormously and gained visibility in recent years at the rate of machine wins against champions of failure, GB and quantity of video games. Artificial intelligence is therefore a buzz and, often misunderstood, arouses excessive hopes and fears in society and in organizations.
Business interest in machine learning technologies has exploded in recent years. In the survey that ICT journal conducts every year among French IT managers, three quarters of them declared that they had no interest in AI in 2015. Three years later, two-thirds of respondents are interested and 29% have even started pilot projects or deployments. This evolution is explained by the transverse nature of artificial intelligence. A combination of automation and value creation, it finds applications in all industries and in all business functions, from marketing to the production line to HR. According to McKinsey, AI technologies have the potential to bring 1.2% more growth each year to the global economy.
Often misused, the term paradigm shift is perfectly justified for the current AI. Unlike computer applications that execute explicit developer-coded tasks, neural networks somehow develop their own mode of resolution from the examples they are nurtured. They are thus particularly effective for cognitive activities whose logic, such as language comprehension or driving, would be difficult to explain.
This paradigm shift has many consequences. With AI, holders of large volumes of sample data will have a great advantage over their competitors. And talent mastering the art of driving algorithms will be the focus of attention. It is also on them that will be responsible for the choice and labeling of training data, and any biases or errors that may result.
The promised adoption of artificial intelligence systems is causing anxiety or at least questions in society. The opacity of their operation is problematic, especially when these solutions are made to make moral decisions, as in the case of autonomous vehicles, armed robots or medical diagnostics. It will be necessary to show pedagogy and develop the capacity to open the black box. It will also be necessary to get used to the strange behaviors of the machines and their unpublished errors. It's one thing to accept the stupidity of a chatbot, it's another to tolerate an autonomous vehicle suddenly stop because it has confused a passer-by with a stop sign .
In addition to these challenges, there is of course the issue of employment, the source of all fears. Not a month goes by without a new study warning of the disappearance of millions of jobs because of the AI or affirming on the contrary that after a period of transition the AI will be mainly job creator. And if it is clear that many trades – from lawyers to truckers – will be affected, very clever one who can say today what will be the extent of the phenomenon in this or that profession.
The rise of artificial intelligence could also change the balance between technological powers. China seems particularly well positioned to take advantage of it. The size of its population and its intensive use of mobile technologies promises to water the country's technology companies with exploitable data. Not to mention that smart systems are promoted by the government and that citizens seem less worried about their excesses than in Europe or the United States. In addition, the country has a large number of talents in artificial intelligence, enough to convince Google to establish a research center. And SenseTime, the most valued AI start-up in the world at $ 4.5 billion, is Chinese.
Added to this is the ambition and strategy of the Chinese state to become the leader in the field of artificial intelligence by 2030. A plan that is based explicitly on the flagships of the country – Alibaba, Baidu, Tencent – designated "national champions" for specific application areas. Such planned collaboration between the government and private companies is hard to imagine in the West. This does not fail to worry some US observers, given the advance that China could develop through AI at the level not only commercial but also military.


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By Holly Friend, Livvy Houghton and Alex Hawkins
EleClean transforms water into a disinfectant, a smart shopping trolley that eliminates checkout queues and Generation Z's new rules for Instagram.
Notte is a bedside companion that tracks your emotions
The North Face imagines the future of technical fabrics
CES 2019: From water to a sustainable disinfectant
Caper cuts queues with a smart shopping trolley
Stat: India's co-living sector will be worth $2.2bn by 2022
Thought-starter: How are Generation Z transforming Instagram?
Notte, Tokyo
Tokyo – Consumers are encouraged to share their day with this digital diary, which takes the form of a softly glowing lamp.
Launched by Japanese technology start-up Neurowear, Notte re-imagines the personal diary for the modern age. Users are encouraged to speak out loud to the lamp, reflecting on their day and sharing their emotional state before going to sleep. By integrating artificial intelligence (AI) and voice tone recognition, Notte recognises how the user is feeling, changing colour in response. It also offers restless sleepers a breathing routine to help them relax.
Helping users to self-analyse their moods, Notte amalgamates this daily data via a supporting app. According to Neurowear, the emotional technology was borne out of the question: 'How can we help evolve the paper diary to fit the needs of modern people?'
The E-motional Economy has created a thriving market for robot confidantes. This shift is especially prominent in Japan, where products like Fribo aim to tackle high rates of social isolation.
Camper by The North Face and BMW Designworks
Las Vegas – The outdoor product company has worked with BMW to show how its new breathable waterproof material could be used beyond apparel.
The North Face's Futurelight material promises a new standard for both the sustainability and performance of technical fabrics. It is made with nanospinning technology – tightly packed nanofibres – to allow for unprecedented breathability while maintaining waterproofness. The innovative material also enables designers to adjust weight, stretch, breathability, durability and texture to meet the demands of different activities or environments.
Demonstrating potential applications for Futurelight, The North Face and BMW subsidiary Designworks presented a lightweight, element-proof camper concept at CES 2019, designed to protect users from extreme weather. 'Thinking about extreme performance in new and unexpected ways from our experience of working across multiple industries helped us to provide consumers with a unique and never before seen insight into the very heart of the material and its key attributes,' explains Laura Robin, studio director of Designworks.
For more on the innovative materials set to influence future product design, download our Material Far Futures report.
Las Vegas – Taiwanese start-up EleClean has found an innovative way to transform water into a chemical-free disinfectant.
Its device is the first to use an electrochemical filter to reorganise water molecules in order to produce highly reactive oxygen disinfectant that destroys bacteria and viruses. After water is added to the spray bottle, the liquid turns into a disinfectant solution in just 15 minutes.
According to EleClean's general director Chien-Hung Chen, he was inspired to create the company after working with charities in disaster-stricken areas and remote villages, where cleaning products can be both a health concern and hard to come by. While many cleaning products contain chemicals or alcohol, EleClean's water base means it is more accessible, and safe to use when cleaning the home or even the body.
Cleaning products, which are often harmful to the environment, are undergoing a transformation. In October 2018, Society launched a line of premium, all-natural cleaning products that are available through a membership scheme.
EleClean, Taiwan
Caper Smart Cart, US
New York – Start-up Caper's self-checkout shopping trolley uses a built-in barcode scanner and payment portal to enhance the shopping experience and reduce checkout queues.
In response to the rise of autonomous retail, Caper is positioning its AI-powered shopping trolley as a scalable, less expensive solution to installing cameras and sensors in grocery stores. Its integrated screen enables shoppers to scan items as they go, locate products around a store and explore special offers. They can also pay directly on the trolley. With a number of carts already live in two grocery stores in New York, Caper plans to roll out to 150 more locations in 2019.
Created to help stores make the transition easily into autonomous retail, the company will collect and share the user data it gleans with its retail partners, helping them to better repurpose in-store staff and improve customer service. It also plans to develop smart shopping baskets for smaller stores. To find out how grocery shopping is being re-invented in the age of convenience, read our Automated Commerce microtrend.
By 2022, the co-living sector in India will be 20 times bigger than it is today, according to research and advisory firm RedSeer Consulting. The report found that the shared-living market, which includes private bedrooms with shared common areas, grew 100% over the past year, and is expected to rise to £1.7bn ($2.2bn, €1.9bn) in the next four years.
Two types of consumers are subscribing to these co-living situations, according to RedSeer associate director Ujjwal Chaudhry. 'One is the typical migrant, white-collar professional who comes to another city for a job. The second set [are] coming from the education market, where students go to different cities to pursue degrees,' he explains.
As more consumers around the world are sharing their living space with friends or strangers, this will affect how homes and family units are built in the future. For more, read our dedicated Home and Family Far Futures vertical.
From finstas to meme therapy, Generation Z are turning away from selfies and using Instagram to learn, debate, support and forge new friendships.
Amid Generation Z's Anxiety Rebellion, they are using Instagram to playfully and creatively communicate on a deeper level – often with total strangers – and away from the judgement of people and brands that don't understand them.
For example, a new meme format is gaining traction on the platform. Teenagers, often with thousands of followers, are posting the same image every day, be it an identical picture of a brick or Taylor Swift. @samepictureofatoaster has 77,700 followers and each morning asks its community of followers questions such as: 'Where do you see yourself in 10 years?', prompting thoughtful discussion in the comments.
Another trending theme on Instagram is for young teens to have multiple accounts, mostly known as rinstas and finstas. Rinsta stands for real Instagram and finsta for fake Instagram or fun Instagram, where a second page, usually set to private, is created with content they feel shouldn't be shared on their default profile.
Read the full listicle here.
Repetition accounts


Today faux books are valued by curators, interior designers, art directors and discerning individuals for their remarkably authentic appearance, which lets them sit alongside the genuine article completely undetected.
They are easily obtained, quickly fitted and all for a fraction of the cost of purchasing antique volumes. A team of highly trained craftsmen produce each individual spine by hand. Our faux book panels are authentic reproductions taken from genuine antique leather books either sourced at auction, borrowed from libraries or found in private collections.


And before we tell you about the seven groups that participated in the meetings this year (and because of the different participating groups and thus a collection of several meetings under the same roof, the event is called "Randa Meetings" with a plural s ;-), we send a big thank you to all the supporters and people who made this gathering possible. It's because of you that we were able to work hard for a whole week and make the software you love even better. There was a range of participants of various ages, countries and KDE projects. The group picture shows that some KDE contributors brought their families and non-techie partners; they didn't need to decide between either family holidays or hacking for KDE.
From the KDE education group we had people from Rocs, the graph tool, from Kig, KDE's geometry teaching tool, from Artikulate, the new language acoustic learning tool, from KStars, the KDE astronomy tool and of course from Marble, which doesn't need any explanation ;-). Two Google Summer of Code students for Marble saw their mentors for the first time in Randa and thus got a stronger bonding with our awesome community. At least one of them found another playground in KDE: GCompris.
GCompris is a new and still young (at least for the Qt version) member of the KDE family. Bruno Coudoin and his colleagues met in Randa to make great progress on porting the more than 140 activities in GCompris to Qt and KDE technologies. Their main focus is currently to finish a first version for Android and thus Smartphones and Tablets. Bruno even did some live user-testing (of course with kids!) during lunch time. But besides the normal hacking on KDE educational software one other focus was the porting of the applications to KDE Frameworks 5 (KF5). Some of the them will be released as a KF5-based version in December as part of the KDE Applications 14.12 release.
One other application that was ported to KF5 is KMyMoney, one of our finance tools. The developers also worked on their Windows port. Other applications are Gwenview, which has since gained a new maintainer and Jungle, a fresh video player.
Porting to and working on KDE Frameworks was a general focus at this year's Randa Meetings. We tried to push forward Windows and Mac (unfortunately we weren't able to bring many KDE Mac people to Randa this year) variants and worked on a more coherent developer story and thus a KDE SDK. The port of Kate and KDevelop to KF5 made great progress and their developers even achieved making it start on Windows. Besides the porting work, this group also got some GSoC students together with their mentors and thus there was some integration of their work on CLang support and QML/JS.
Picture of the new Randa Konqi: with a white star and an Edelweiss like on the flag of Randa. Thanks a lot to the artist Tyson Tan!
Alongside and integrated with all this work and groups some other teams participated at the meetings. They are almost part of the inventory of the Randa Meetings ;-). Amarok and the KDE Multimedia team worked on bug triage (cleaning up more than 200 bugs!), polishing their handbook and Phonon. During this intense week we saw the release of the GStreamer Phonon backend. KMix, the KDE mixer application got another strong push forward.
And another multimedia application found its way to Randa: Kdenlive, our great non-linear video editor. The project lacked some direction recently and so a face-to-face meeting of some old and some new contributors was a logical step to take. With Till Theato and Simon Eugster some oldsters of the project could help to document and explain the current code and state to the new maintainer Vincent Pinon. Interestingly enough we learned during the meetings that Vincent's wife Lucie is using Kdenlive in her professional work and as she was in Randa as well we took the opportunity to make a short interview with her (Thanks Françoise Wybrecht for doing the interview and Myriam Schweingruber for the translation. You can download the French version of the interview.
Lucie Robin lives in Voiron near Grenoble - France and works as a professional video maker with Kdenlive.
What brought you to open source?
Despite being an alien to the open source world, I discovered it through my Linux-using husband.
What pushed you to use free software?
As a video maker, I needed professional video software. Since most software in this field are over pricey, my husband suggested to try Kdenlive back in 2011.
After having used it for three years, what is your overall impression?
I got aware very quickly that Kdenlive is an answer to professional needs. But let's be honest, its use is full of pitfalls and inconsistencies, which could have discouraged me more than once. But luckily I discovered the philosophy behind free software which kept me going.
The Kdenlive team spend most of their time discussing and setting the roadmap for the future. At the end of the meetings we decided to bring Kdenlive even closer to KDE and thus start an incubation process for them. And thanks to Françoise, Lucie and Kdenlive you can watch yourself how it looked at the Randa Meetings 2014.
Another group came to Randa to work on a new edition of our KDE Guide. After some problems with internet connectivity (ever heard of this problem at sprints or conferences? ;-) they decided to scratch the planned working process and to quickly develop a new one so they could work offline and integrate the new book directly with KDE source code and extract live snippets from it. They had a great start in Randa but it's not yet done. So if you're an expert in one of the KDE Frameworks, please help and submit a paragraph, short text or chapter.
Organization-wise we tried something new this year to connect the different groups participating at the Randa Meetings even more. During lunch and dinner one person of each group had to tell the others in a few sentences what they are currently working on. So everybody in Randa was more or less aware of what was discussed in the other groups and when they should connect and talk with them. But we learned something else too: doing this talks two times a day was not necessary and so we plan to do it only once a day in 2015.
For even more information about the Randa Meetings 2014 and some personal views, see a list of blog posts and picture collections. It was an amazing time and we got great feedback for the organizational work and thus are looking forward to 2015 and more very productive, successful and inspiring meetings and sprints. So please support us!
PS: There is another great summary in Portuguese of what happened in Randa this year.