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Sinn Féin (, /shiñ fieñ/; del irlandés Nosotros o Nosotros mismos; y no como en ocasiones se traduce de forma incorrecta, Nosotros solos) es un partido político irlandés de ideología izquierdista, activo tanto en la República de Irlanda como en Irlanda del Norte.

La organización original de Sinn Féin fue fundada en 1905 por Arthur Griffith, pero desde entonces se ha dividido sustancialmente en varias ocasiones, especialmente dando lugar a los dos partidos tradicionalmente dominantes de la política del sur de Irlanda: Fianna Fáil y Fine Gael, a raíz de la Guerra civil irlandesa. El partido tomó su forma actual en 1970 después de otra división (con la otra facción eventualmente convirtiéndose en el Partido de los Trabajadores de Irlanda). Históricamente se ha asociado con el Ejército Republicano Irlandés Provisional (IRA). Mary Lou McDonald se convirtió en presidenta del partido en febrero de 2018.

El Sinn Féin es uno de los dos partidos más grandes de la Asamblea de Irlanda del Norte, ganando solo un escaño menos que el Partido Unionista Democrático (DUP) en las elecciones parlamentarias de Irlanda del Norte de 2017. En esa asamblea, es el mayor partido nacionalista irlandés y tiene cuatro puestos ministeriales en el Ejecutivo de Irlanda del Norte para compartir el poder a partir de 2020. En la Cámara de los Comunes del Reino Unido, el Sinn Féin tiene siete de los 18 escaños de Irlanda del Norte, lo que lo convierte en el segundo bloque más grande después del DUP; allí sigue una política de abstencionismo, negándose a sentarse en el parlamento o votar proyectos de ley. En el Oireachtas (el parlamento de la República de Irlanda), el Sinn Féin ganó la mayor parte de los votos de primera preferencia en las elecciones generales de Irlanda de 2020.

Aunque la reunificación de Irlanda sigue siendo un objetivo fundamental a largo plazo del Sinn Féin, las cuestiones económicas y sociales son ahora el centro de las campañas del partido. En cuestiones relacionadas con los derechos de la mujer y los derechos de los homosexuales, el Sinn Féin es más progresista que sus rivales unionistas en Irlanda del Norte, a pesar de su tradición católica.

Nombre
La frase «Sinn Féin» significa en irlandés «nosotros» o «nosotros mismos», aunque a menudo se traduce erróneamente como «nosotros solos» (de Sinn Féin Amháin, una consigna de principios del ). El nombre es una afirmación de la soberanía nacional irlandesa y la autodeterminación; es decir, el pueblo irlandés se gobierna a sí mismo, en lugar de ser parte de una unión política con Gran Bretaña (Inglaterra, Escocia y Gales) bajo el Parlamento de Westminster.

Una división en enero de 1970, que refleja una división en el IRA, condujo a la aparición de dos grupos que se autodenominan Sinn Féin. Uno, bajo el liderazgo continuo de Tomás Mac Giolla, se hizo conocido como «Sinn Féin (Gardiner Place)» o «Sinn Féin oficial»; el otro, dirigido por Ruairí Ó Brádaigh, se hizo conocido como «Sinn Féin (Kevin Street)» o «Sinn Féin provisional». A medida que los funcionarios dejaron de mencionar al Sinn Féin en 1982, en lugar de llamarse Partido de los Trabajadores de Irlanda, el término «Sinn Féin provisional» dejó de usarse, y el partido ahora se conoce simplemente como Sinn Féin.

Los miembros del Sinn Féin se han referido coloquialmente como Shinners, un término peyorativo (sinners en inglés significa «pecadores»).

Historia

1905–1922

El Sinn Féin se fundó el 28 de noviembre de 1905, cuando, en la primera Convención anual del Consejo Nacional, Arthur Griffith describió la política de Sinn Féin en "establecer en la capital de Irlanda una legislatura nacional dotada de la autoridad moral de la nación irlandesa". El partido impugnó las elecciones parciales de Leitrim del norte de 1908, donde obtuvo el 27% de los votos. A partir de entonces, tanto el apoyo como la membresía disminuyeron. En la Ard Fheis (conferencia del partido) de 1910, la asistencia fue escasa y hubo dificultades para encontrar miembros dispuestos a tomar asiento en el ejecutivo.

En 1914, los miembros del Sinn Féin, incluido Griffith, se unieron a los Voluntarios Irlandeses anti-Redmond, a los que los Redmonditas y otros se refirieron como los "Voluntarios Sinn Féin". Aunque el propio Griffith no participó en el Levantamiento de Pascua de 1916, muchos miembros del Sinn Féin sí lo hicieron, ya que también eran miembros de los Voluntarios y de la Hermandad Republicana Irlandesa. El gobierno y los periódicos denominaron el alzamiento "the Sinn Féin Rising" (el alzamiento del Sinn Féin). Después del Alzamiento, los republicanos se unieron bajo la bandera del Sinn Féin y de la Ard Fheis de 1917 el partido se comprometió por primera vez al establecimiento de una República irlandesa. En las elecciones generales de 1918, el Sinn Féin ganó 73 de los 105 escaños de Irlanda, y en enero de 1919, sus parlamentarios se reunieron en Dublín y se proclamaron el Dáil Éireann, el parlamento de Irlanda. El partido apoyó al Ejército Republicano Irlandés durante la guerra de la independencia, y los miembros del gobierno del Dáil negociaron el Tratado anglo-irlandés con el gobierno británico en 1921. En los debates del Dáil que siguieron, el partido se dividió sobre el Tratado. Los miembros antitratados liderados por Éamon de Valera se marcharon, y los miembros pro y antitratados tomaron lados opuestos en la guerra civil que siguió.

1923–1970
Los diputados del Dáil y otros partidarios del Tratado formaron un nuevo partido, Cumann na nGaedheal, el 27 de abril de 1923 en una reunión en Dublín, donde los delegados acordaron una constitución y un programa político. El Cumann na nGaedheal gobernó el nuevo Estado Libre Irlandés durante nueve años (se fusionó con otras dos organizaciones para formar Fine Gael en 1933). Los miembros del Sinn Féin anti-tratado continuaron boicoteando el Dáil. En un Ard Fheis especial en marzo de 1926, de Valera propuso que se permitiera a los miembros elegidos ocupar sus escaños en el Dáil siempre y cuando se eliminara el controvertido Juramento de lealtad. Cuando su moción fue derrotada, de Valera renunció al Sinn Féin; el 16 de mayo de 1926, fundó su propio partido, Fianna Fáil, que se dedicaba a republicar el Estado Libre desde sus estructuras políticas. Se llevó la mayoría de los Teachta Dála (TD) del Sinn Féin con él. La renuncia de Valera también significó la pérdida del apoyo financiero de Estados Unidos. El partido grupal Sinn Féin no pudo presentar más de quince candidatos y ganó solo seis escaños en las elecciones generales de junio de 1927, un nivel de apoyo que no se había visto desde antes de 1916. La vicepresidenta y líder de facto Mary MacSwiney anunció que el partido simplemente lo hizo no tiene los fondos para disputar la segunda elección convocada ese año, declarando que "ningún verdadero ciudadano irlandés puede votar por ninguno de los otros partidos". El Fianna Fáil llegó al poder en las elecciones generales de 1932 (para comenzar lo que sería un mandato ininterrumpido de 16 años en el gobierno) y luego dominó durante mucho tiempo la política en el estado irlandés independiente.

Un intento en la década de 1940 de acceder a fondos que habían sido puestos al cuidado del Tribunal Superior condujo al caso Sinn Féin Funds, que la parte perdió y en el que el juez dictaminó que no era el sucesor legal del Sinn Féin de 1917. En las elecciones generales del Reino Unido de 1955, dos candidatos del Sinn Féin fueron elegidos para Westminster, pero el voto del partido disminuyó en las siguientes elecciones en 1959, durante la Campaña Fronteriza del IRA. A lo largo de la década de 1960, algunas de las principales figuras del movimiento, como Cathal Goulding, Sean Garland, Liam McMillen o Tomas MacGiolla se movieron constantemente hacia la izquierda, incluso hacia el marxismo, como resultado de su propia lectura y pensamiento y contactos con los irlandeses y la izquierda internacional. Esto enfureció a los republicanos más tradicionales, que querían atenerse a la cuestión nacional y la lucha armada. La Comisión Garland se creó en 1967 para investigar la posibilidad de acabar con el abstencionismo. Su informe enfureció al elemento republicano tradicional ya descontento dentro del partido, en particular a Seán Mac Stíofáin y Ruairí Ó Brádaigh, quienes vieron esa política como una traición contra la República de Irlanda.

1970–1975
El partido Sinn Féin se dividió en dos a principios de 1970. En el Ard Fheis del partido, el 11 de enero, la propuesta de terminar con el abstencionismo y tomar los escaños, si es elegido, en el Dáil, el Parlamento de Irlanda del Norte y el Parlamento del Reino Unido fue puesto antes que los miembros. Una moción similar había sido adoptada en una convención del IRA el mes anterior, lo que llevó a la formación de un Consejo Provisional del Ejército por parte de Mac Stíofáin y otros miembros opuestos al liderazgo. Cuando se presentó la moción al Ard Fheis, no logró la mayoría necesaria de dos tercios. El Ejecutivo intentó eludir esto mediante la presentación de una moción en apoyo de la política del IRA, momento en el cual los delegados disidentes abandonaron la reunión. Estos miembros se volvieron a reunir en otro lugar, nombraron a un Ejecutivo interino y prometieron lealtad al Consejo Provisional del Ejército. El Ejecutivo Provisional se declaró opuesto al fin del abstencionismo, la deriva hacia "formas extremas de socialismo", el fracaso de la dirección para defender al pueblo nacionalista de Belfast durante los disturbios de Irlanda del Norte de 1969 y la expulsión de los republicanos tradicionales por parte de la dirección durante la década de 1960.

En su Ard Fheis de octubre de 1970, se informó a los delegados que se había celebrado una convención del IRA y que había regularizado su estructura, poniendo fin al período "provisional". Para entonces, sin embargo, los medios ya les habían aplicado la etiqueta "Provisional" o "Provo". El partido opositor, anti-abstencionista se hizo conocido como "Sinn Féin Oficial". Cambió su nombre en 1977 a "Sinn Féin - The Workers' Party"The Lost Revolution: The Story of the Official IRA and the Workers' Party, Brian Hanley and Scott Millar,  pp. 70–148.</ref> y en 1982 a Partido de los Trabajadores de Irlanda ("The Workers' Party").

Debido a que los "Provisionales" estaban comprometidos con la acción militar en lugar de la política, la membresía inicial de Sinn Féin se limitó en gran medida, en palabras de Danny Morrison, a hombres "mayores de edad militar o mujeres". Un organizador de Sinn Féin de la época en Belfast describió el papel del partido como "agitación y publicidad". Se establecieron nuevas cumainn (sucursales) en Belfast, y se publicó un nuevo periódico, Republican News. Sinn Féin despegó como un movimiento de protesta después de la introducción del internamiento en agosto de 1971, organizando marchas y piquetes. El partido lanzó su plataforma, Éire Nua ("una Nueva Irlanda") en el Ard Fheis de 1971. En general, sin embargo, el partido carecía de una filosofía política distinta. En palabras de Brian Feeney, "Ó Brádaigh usaría el Sinn Féin ard fheiseanna (conferencias del partido) para anunciar la política republicana, que era, en efecto, la política del IRA, a saber, que Gran Bretaña debería abandonar el Norte o que la 'guerra' continuaría". El Sinn Féin recibió una presencia concreta en la comunidad cuando el IRA declaró un alto el fuego en 1975. Se crearon 'centros de incidentes' para comunicar posibles enfrentamientos a las autoridades británicas. Fueron conducidos por el Sinn Féin, que había sido legalizado el año anterior por Merlyn Rees, Secretaria de Estado de Irlanda del Norte.

1976–1983

El estatus político de los prisioneros se convirtió en un problema después del final de la tregua. Rees liberó al último de los internos, pero presentó los tribunales Diplock y terminó el "Estatus de categoría especial" para todos los prisioneros condenados después del 1 de marzo de 1976. Esto condujo primero a una protesta de las mantas y luego a una dirty protest (protesta sucia). Casi al mismo tiempo, Gerry Adams comenzó a escribir para Republican News, pidiendo que el Sinn Féin se involucrara más políticamente. En los próximos años, Adams y aquellos alineados con él extenderían su influencia a lo largo del movimiento republicano y marginarían lentamente a Ó Brádaigh, parte de una tendencia general de poder tanto en el Sinn Féin como en el IRA que se desplaza hacia el norte y políticamente hacia posiciones más a la izquierda. En particular, la participación de Ó Brádaigh en el alto el fuego del IRA de 1975 había dañado su reputación a los ojos de los republicanos del Úlster.

La protesta de los prisioneros culminó con la huelga de hambre de 1981, durante la cual el huelguista Bobby Sands fue elegido miembro del Parlamento para Fermanagh y South Tyrone como candidato Anti H-Block. Después de su muerte en huelga de hambre, su escaño fue ocupado, con un mayor voto, por su agente electoral, Owen Carron. Otros dos candidatos anti-bloque H fueron elegidos para el Dáil Éireann en las elecciones generales en la República. Estos éxitos convencieron a los republicanos de que deberían disputar todas las elecciones. Danny Morrison expresó el estado de ánimo en el Ard Fheis de 1981 cuando dijo:
¿Quién aquí realmente cree que podemos ganar la guerra a través de las urnas? ¿Pero alguien aquí objetará si, con una papeleta electoral en esta mano y un Armalite en la otra, tomamos el poder en Irlanda?.
Este fue el origen de lo que se conoció como la estrategia Armalite y las urnas. El Éire Nua fue abandonado en 1982, y al año siguiente, Ó Brádaigh dejó el cargo de líder y fue reemplazado por Adams.

1983–1998

Bajo el liderazgo de Adams, la política electoral se hizo cada vez más importante. En 1983, Alex Maskey fue elegido para el Ayuntamiento de Belfast, el primer miembro del Sinn Féin que se sentó en ese cargo. El Sinn Féin obtuvo más de 100 000 votos en las elecciones de Westminster ese año y Adams ganó el escaño de West Belfast que había ocupado el Partido Socialdemócrata y Laborista (SDLP). En 1985 tenía cincuenta y nueve escaños en diecisiete de los veintiséis consejos de Irlanda del Norte, incluidos siete en el Ayuntamiento de Belfast.

El partido comenzó una revaluación de la política de abstención del Dáil. En 1983, Ard Fheis modificó la constitución para eliminar la prohibición de la discusión sobre el abstencionismo para permitir que el Sinn Féin presente un candidato en las próximas elecciones europeas. Sin embargo, en su discurso, Adams dijo: "Somos un partido abstencionista. No es mi intención abogar por un cambio en esta situación". Se permitió una moción para permitir la entrada al Dáil en el Ard Fheis de 1985, pero no contó con el apoyo activo de la dirección, y fracasó por poco. En octubre del año siguiente, una Convención del IRA había manifestado su apoyo a los elegidos Sinn Féin Teachtaí Dála (TDs) que toman sus escaños. Por lo tanto, cuando la moción para poner fin a la abstención fue presentada ante el Ard Fheis el 1 de noviembre de 1986, quedó claro que no habría una división en el IRA como lo había sido en 1970. La moción fue aprobada con una mayoría de dos tercios. Ó Brádaigh y otros veinte delegados salieron y se reunieron en un hotel de Dublín con cientos de simpatizantes para reorganizarse como el Sinn Féin Republicano.

Las negociaciones tentativas entre el Sinn Féin y el gobierno británico condujeron a discusiones más sustantivas con el SDLP en la década de 1990. Las negociaciones multipartidistas comenzaron en 1994 en Irlanda del Norte, sin el Sinn Féin. El IRA Provisional declaró un alto el fuego en el otoño de 1994. El Sinn Féin se unió a las conversaciones, pero el gobierno conservador bajo John Major pronto llegó a depender de los votos sindicalistas para permanecer en el poder. Suspendió al Sinn Féin de las conversaciones y comenzó a insistir en que el IRA desmantelara todas sus armas antes de que el Sinn Féin fuera readmitido en las conversaciones; esto llevó al IRA a suspender su alto el fuego. El nuevo gobierno laborista de Tony Blair no dependía de los votos sindicalistas y volvió a admitir a Sinn Féin, lo que condujo a otro alto el fuego permanente.

Las conversaciones condujeron al Acuerdo de Viernes Santo del 10 de abril de 1998 (oficialmente conocido como el Acuerdo de Belfast), que estableció un gobierno delegado inclusivo en el Norte, y alteró el reclamo constitucional del gobierno de Dublín a toda la isla en los Artículos 2 y 3 del Constitución de Irlanda. Los republicanos opuestos a la dirección tomada por el Sinn Féin en el proceso de paz formaron el Movimiento por la Soberanía de los 32 Condados a fines de la década de 1990.

1998–2017
El partido expulsó a Denis Donaldson, un funcionario del partido, en diciembre de 2005, y declaró públicamente que había sido empleado del Gobierno británico como agente desde la década de 1980. Donaldson dijo a los periodistas que las agencias de seguridad británicas que lo emplearon estaban detrás del colapso de la Asamblea y establecieron al Sinn Féin para que se responsabilizara de ello, un reclamo disputado por el Gobierno británico. Donaldson fue encontrado muerto a tiros en su casa en el condado de Donegal el 4 de abril de 2006 y se inició una investigación del asesinato. En abril de 2009, el IRA Real emitió un comunicado asumiendo la responsabilidad del asesinato.

Cuando el Sinn Féin y el Partido Unionista Democrático (DUP) se convirtieron en los partidos más grandes, según los términos del Acuerdo del Viernes Santo, no se pudo llegar a un acuerdo sin el apoyo de ambas partes. Casi llegaron a un acuerdo en noviembre de 2004, pero el DUP insistió en pruebas fotográficas y/o de video de que se había llevado a cabo el desmantelamiento, lo que era inaceptable para el Sinn Féin.

El 2 de septiembre de 2006, Martin McGuinness declaró públicamente que el Sinn Féin se negaría a participar en una asamblea en la sombra en Stormont, afirmando que su partido solo tomaría parte en negociaciones destinadas a restaurar un gobierno que comparte el poder. Este desarrollo siguió a la decisión de los miembros del Sinn Féin de abstenerse de participar en los debates desde el retiro de la Asamblea el pasado mes de mayo. A las partes relevantes de estas conversaciones se les dio una fecha límite del 24 de noviembre de 2006 para decidir si finalmente formarían o no el ejecutivo.

El boicot policial del Sinn Féin durante 86 años terminó en Irlanda del Norte el 28 de enero de 2007, cuando el Ard Fheis votó abrumadoramente por apoyar al Servicio de Policía de Irlanda del Norte (PSNI). Los miembros del Sinn Féin comenzaron a formar parte de las juntas de vigilancia y unirse a las asociaciones de vigilancia del distrito. Hubo oposición a esta decisión dentro del Sinn Féin, y algunos miembros se fueron, incluidos los representantes elegidos. El oponente más conocido fue el exprisionero del IRA Gerry McGeough, quien se presentó en las elecciones de la Asamblea de 2007 contra el Sinn Féin en el distrito electoral de Fermanagh y South Tyrone, como republicano independiente. Atrajo el 1,8% de los votos. Otros que se opusieron a este desarrollo se fueron a fundar la Red Republicana para la Unidad.

Inmediatamente después de las elecciones generales del Reino Unido en junio de 2017, donde los conservadores ganaron el 49% de los escaños pero sin mayoría general, para que los partidos no convencionales pudieran tener una influencia significativa, Gerry Adams anunció para el Sinn Féin que sus parlamentarios elegidos continuarían la política de no jurando lealtad a la Reina, como se requeriría para que tomen asiento en el Parlamento de Westminster.

En 2017 y 2018 hubo denuncias de intimidación dentro del partido, lo que llevó a una serie de renuncias y expulsiones de miembros elegidos. En el Ard Fheis el 18 de noviembre de 2017, Gerry Adams anunció que se retiraría como presidente del Sinn Féin en 2018 y no se presentaría a la reelección como TD para Louth.

Desde 2018

El 10 de febrero de 2018, Mary Lou McDonald fue anunciada como la nueva presidenta del Sinn Féin en un Ard Fheis especial en Dublín. Michelle O'Neill también fue elegida vicepresidenta del partido. McDonald ha dejado en claro que, como Presidenta del Sinn Féin, su ambición es estar en el gobierno norte y sur, y está dispuesta a trabajar en coalición como el partido principal o menor del gobierno en la jurisdicción sur, un cambio en la política en comparación con la ambición de Adams gobernar como gobierno minoritario en las Oireachtas.

El Sinn Féin se opone a que Irlanda del Norte abandone la Unión Europea junto con el resto del Reino Unido, y Martin McGuinness sugirió un referéndum sobre la reunificación de Irlanda inmediatamente después de que se anunciaran los resultados del referéndum de membresía de la Unión Europea del Reino Unido de 2016, una postura que luego fue reiterada por Mary Lou McDonald como una forma de resolver los problemas fronterizos planteados por el Brexit.

En las elecciones generales irlandesas de 2020, el partido consiguió su mejor resultado electoral al obtener el 24,5% de los votos y superar al Fianna Fáil y al Fine Gael. Este éxito se debe principalmente a su programa de ruptura con las políticas de austeridad de los sucesivos gobiernos de Dublín: reducción y congelación de los alquileres, construcción de viviendas sociales, inversión en hospitales públicos, negativa a retrasar la edad de jubilación, etc.

Vínculos con paramilitares republicanos
El Sinn Féin es el mayor partido político republicano irlandés y estuvo históricamente asociado con el IRA, al tiempo que también estuvo asociado con el IRA Provisional en la encarnación moderna del partido. El gobierno irlandés alegó que altos miembros del Sinn Féin han ocupado cargos en el Consejo del Ejército del IRA. Sin embargo, el liderazgo del partido ha negado estas afirmaciones. El gobierno de los Estados Unidos ha hecho acusaciones similares.

Un documento republicano de principios de la década de 1980 decía: "Tanto el Sinn Féin como el IRA desempeñan papeles diferentes pero convergentes en la guerra de liberación nacional. El Ejército Republicano Irlandés emprende una campaña armada... El Sinn Féin mantiene la guerra de propaganda y es el público y voz política del movimiento". El gobierno británico declaró en 2005 que "siempre habíamos dicho todo el tiempo, creíamos que el Sinn Féin y el IRA estaban inextricablemente vinculados y eso tenía implicaciones obvias a nivel de liderazgo".

El robo de £26.5 millones del Banco del Norte en Belfast en diciembre de 2004 retrasó aún más un acuerdo político en Irlanda del Norte. El IRA fue ampliamente culpado por el robo, aunque el Sinn Féin lo negó y declaró que los funcionarios del partido no sabían del robo, pero no lo condenaron públicamente. Debido al momento del robo, se considera que los planes para el robo deben haberse establecido mientras el Sinn Féin estaba en conversaciones sobre un posible acuerdo de paz. Esto minó la confianza entre los unionistas sobre la sinceridad de los republicanos para llegar a un acuerdo. A raíz de la disputa por el robo, surgió una nueva controversia cuando, en el programa Questions and Answers de RTÉ, el presidente del Sinn Féin, Mitchel McLaughlin, insistió en que el controvertido asesinato del IRA de una madre de diez niños pequeños, Jean McConville, a principios de la década de 1970, aunque "equivocado", no era un delito, ya que había tenido lugar en el contexto del conflicto político. Políticos de la República, junto con los medios de comunicación irlandeses, atacaron fuertemente los comentarios de McLaughlin.

El 10 de febrero de 2005, la Comisión de Monitoreo Independiente (IMC) designada por el gobierno informó que apoyaba firmemente las evaluaciones del PSNI y Garda Síochána de que el IRA era responsable del robo del Banco del Norte y que ciertos miembros de alto rango del Sinn Féin también eran miembros de alto rango del IRA y lo harían he tenido conocimiento y aprobado la realización del robo. El Sinn Féin ha argumentado que el IMC no es independiente, y que la inclusión del exlíder del Partido de la Alianza John Alderdice y un jefe de seguridad británico fue prueba de ello. El IMC recomendó nuevas sanciones financieras contra los miembros del Sinn Féin de la Asamblea de Irlanda del Norte. El gobierno británico respondió diciendo que pediría a los parlamentarios que voten para retirar las asignaciones parlamentarias de los cuatro parlamentarios del Sinn Féin elegidos en 2001.

Gerry Adams respondió al informe del IMC desafiando al gobierno irlandés para que lo arrestaran por ser miembro del IRA, un delito en ambas jurisdicciones, y por conspiración. El 20 de febrero de 2005, el ministro irlandés de Justicia, Igualdad y Reforma Legislativa, Michael McDowell, acusó públicamente a tres de los líderes del Sinn Féin, Gerry Adams, Martin McGuinness y Martin Ferris (TD para Kerry North) de estar en el Consejo del Ejército del IRA de siete hombres; luego negaron esto.

El 27 de febrero de 2005, se realizó una manifestación contra el asesinato de Robert McCartney el 30 de enero de 2005 en el este de Belfast. Los parientes de McCartney le dijeron a Alex Maskey, exalcalde de Belfast por el Sinn Féin, que "entregara a los 12" miembros del IRA involucrados. La familia McCartney, aunque anteriormente eran votantes del Sinn Féin, instó a los testigos del crimen a contactar al PSNI. Tres hombres del IRA fueron expulsados de la organización y un hombre fue acusado del asesinato de McCartney. El irlandés Taoiseach Bertie Ahern posteriormente llamó al Sinn Féin y al IRA "ambas caras de la misma moneda". El ostracismo oficial del Sinn Féin se mostró en febrero de 2005 cuando el Dáil Éireann aprobó una moción condenando la supuesta participación del partido en actividades ilegales. El presidente de Estados Unidos, George W. Bush, y el senador Edward Kennedy se negaron a reunirse con Gerry Adams mientras se reunían con la familia de Robert McCartney.

El 10 de marzo de 2005, la Cámara de los Comunes de Londres aprobó sin oposición significativa una moción, presentada por el gobierno británico, para retirar las asignaciones de los cuatro parlamentarios del Sinn Féin por un año, en respuesta al robo del Banco del Norte. Esta medida le costó al partido aproximadamente £400 000. Sin embargo, el debate previo a la votación rodeó principalmente los eventos más recientes relacionados con el asesinato de Robert McCartney. Los conservadores y los sindicalistas presentaron enmiendas para que los parlamentarios del Sinn Féin fueran desalojados de sus oficinas en la Cámara de los Comunes, pero fueron derrotados. En marzo de 2005, Mitchell Reiss, enviado especial de los Estados Unidos para Irlanda del Norte, condenó los vínculos del partido con el IRA y dijo que "es difícil entender cómo un país europeo en el año 2005 puede tener un ejército privado asociado con un partido político".

La evaluación de octubre de 2015 sobre grupos paramilitares en Irlanda del Norte concluyó que el IRA Provisional todavía existía "en una forma muy reducida" y que algunos miembros del IRA creían que su Consejo del Ejército supervisaba al IRA y al Sinn Féin, aunque creía que el liderazgo "sigue siendo comprometido con el proceso de paz y su objetivo de lograr una Irlanda unida por medios políticos".

Resultados electorales

Asamblea de Irlanda del Norte

Dáil Éireann

Referencias

Bibliografía

 Michael Laffan, The Resurrection of Ireland: The Sinn Féin Party 1916–1923 (Cambridge, 1999)
 The Secret Army: The IRA, J Bowyer Bell, Poolbeg Press Ltd. Ireland 1997 (tercera edición revisada), .
 Sinn Féin: A Hundred Turbulent Years, Brian Feeney, O'Brien Press, Dublin 2002, .
 The I.R.A., Tim Pat Coogan, HarperCollins Publishers Londres 2000,
 Northern Ireland: A Chronology of the Troubles 1968–1993, Paul Bew & Gordon Gillespie, Gill & Macmillan, Dublin 1993,
 The Transformation of Ireland 1900–2000, Diarmaid Ferriter, Profile Books, Londres 2005,
 Ireland: A History, Robert Kee, Abacus, Londres (Revised Edition 2005),
 Eyewitness to Irish History, Peter Berresford Ellis, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Canadá 2004,
 Joe Cahill: A Life in the IRA, Brendan Anderson, O'Brien Press, Dublin 2002,

 The Transformation of Ireland 1900–2000, Diarmaid Ferriter, Profile Books, Londres 2005, .

 Bibliografía relacionada

 Alonso, Rogelio, La Paz de Belfast, (Alianza Editorial, Madrid, 2000) .
 Gerry Adams, Before The Dawn (Brandon Book, 1996) .
 Tim Pat Coogan, The Troubles (Arrow, 1995, 1996) .
 Tim Pat Coogan, Michael Collins (Hutchinson, 1990) .
 Brian Feeney, Sinn Féin: A Hundred Turbulent Years (2003) HB:  PB
 Roy Foster, Ireland 1660–1972 Geraldine Kennedy (ed.) Nealon's Guide to the 29th Dáil and Seanad (Gill and Macmillan, 2002) .
 F.S.L. Lyons, Ireland Since the Famine Brian Maye, Arthur Griffith (Griffith College Publications)
 Dorothy Macardle, The Irish Republic (Corgi edition, 1968)
 Sean O'Callaghan, The Informer (Corgi 1999)
 Patrick Sarsfield O'Hegarty (introducción de Tom Garvin), The Victory of Sinn Féin: How It Won It & how It Used It (1999)
 Peter Taylor, Behind the Mask: The IRA & Sinn Féin
 Robert Kee, The Green Flag: A History of Irish Nationalism (Penguin, 1972–2000),
 Robert W. White, Ruairí Ó Brádaigh, the Life and Politics of an Irish Revolutionary'' (Indiana University Press, 2006,

Enlaces externos
 Página web del Sinn Féin
 Biografía de Arthur Griffith en el sitio web de asuntos históricos de la BBC
 Biografía de Arthur Griffith a cargo de RTÉ, la radiotelevisión pública de la República de Irlanda

Sinn Féin

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Михаил Васильевич Лорин (6 сентября 1909 — 5 декабря 1985) — штурман эскадрильи 1-го гвардейского минно-торпедного авиационного полка 8-й минно-торпедной авиационной дивизии ВВС Краснознамённого Балтийского флота, гвардии капитан.

Биография
Родился 6 сентября 1909 года в городе Мариуполь ныне Донецкой области Украины. Работал инженером аэросъемки в Якутии.

В Военно-Морском Флоте с декабря 1941 года. Участник Великой Отечественной войны с июля 1942 года. К сентябрю 1944 года совершил 142 боевых вылета, потопив 7 транспортов противника. 5 ноября 1944 года за образцовое выполнение боевых заданий командования и проявленные при этом мужество и героизм, гвардии капитану Лорину Михаилу Васильевичу присвоено звание Героя Советского Союза с вручением ордена Ленина и медали «Золотая Звезда».

Участник советско-японской войны 1945 года. С 1968 года полковник Лорин в запасе. Жил в Ленинграде.

Похоронен на Красненьком кладбище.

Награды

 Орден Ленина;
 Четыре ордена Красного Знамени;
 Орден Отечественной войны I степени;
 Орден Отечественной войны II степени;
 Медаль «За боевые заслуги»;
 Медаль Нахимова;
 Медаль «За оборону Ленинграда»;
 Медаль «За победу над Германией в Великой Отечественной войне 1941—1945 гг.»;
 Медаль «За победу над Японией».

Примечания

Источники

 Кавалеры Золотой Звезды. Донецк: Донбас, 1976.

Лётчики Великой Отечественной войны
Авиационные штурманы Великой Отечественной войны
Участники советско-японской войны (СССР)
Похороненные на Красненьком кладбище


"Information available from open source media regarding pro-ISIS elements in India indicates that jihadi activities are being observed by intelligence agencies in a dozen Indian states.
"This article will review the current jihadi threat to India from the Islamic State, or ISIS, as well as from Pakistan, which seems to be reviving militancy in Punjab.
"Three days before the July 27  terror attacks in Gurdaspur district, a media report noted, on July 24, that Punjab 'is reportedly witnessing revival of Khalistan Movement,' basically a terror network backed by Pakistan.


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KCNA KCNA.kp (En)
Pyongyang Kim Won Gyun Conservatory
Date: 26/11/2022 | Source: KCNA.kp (En) | Read original version at source
Pyongyang, November 26 (KCNA) -- Pyongyang Kim Won Gyun Conservatory of the DPRK intensifies the education in traditional music. -0-
www.kcna.kp (Juche111.11.26.)
More From KCNA.kp (En)
Youths in Pyongyang City Volunteer for Grand Construction Site
Pyongyang, February 2 (KCNA) -- With a determination to glorify the honor of the socialist patriotic youth at the theatre for
Pyongyang, February 2 (KCNA) -- Following are major news items and articles in leading newspapers of the DPRK on Thursday: -
New Literary Works Created
Pyongyang, February 2 (KCNA) -- Writers in different parts of the DPRK have conducted their creative activities at major theaters
National Economic Plan for January Fulfilled in Key Industrial Sectors
Pyongyang, February 2 (KCNA) -- Thanks to the efforts of officials and workers in such key industrial sectors as metallurgical,
Activity for Protection of Wetlands Brisk in DPRK
Pyongyang, February 2 (KCNA) -- February 2 is World Wetland Day. The DPRK has a large area of wetlands such as rivers and
Measures Taken for Development of Essential Oil Industry
Pyongyang, February 2 (KCNA) -- The Ministry of Light Industry in the DPRK is actively conducting the work for developing the
Efforts Concentrated on Creating Coal Mining Capacity
Pyongyang, February 2 (KCNA) -- Officials of the Ministry of Coal Industry in the DPRK are carrying on the innovative economic
DPRK's National Flag
Pyongyang, February 2 (KCNA) -- The rising generation deeply cherish the spirit of loving the national flag, the symbol and the di
Great Guidance Bringing Fresh Leap Forward with Might of Mass Movement
Pyongyang, February 2 (KCNA) -- Miracles and feats are performed in the DPRK day by day, through the more vigorous socialist
Rodong Sinmun on Revolutionary Idea of Respected Comrade Kim Jong Un
Pyongyang, February 2 (KCNA) -- Rodong Sinmun Thursday says in an article that the DPRK people will more dynamically accelerate
Brisk Campaign for Supporting Countryside
Pyongyang, February 2 (KCNA) -- Officials and working people in different parts of the DPRK are more active in supporting the
Efforts Paid to Improving Qualification of Agricultural Officials
Pyongyang, February 2 (KCNA) -- South Hwanghae Province of the DPRK, which is playing a big role in attaining the grain production
Enlarged Plenary Meeting of C.C., SWUK
Pyongyang, February 2 (KCNA) -- The 7th Enlarged Plenary Meeting of the 7th Central Committee of the Socialist Women's Union of
Enlarged Plenary Meeting of C.C., UAWK
Pyongyang, February 2 (KCNA) -- The Sixth Enlarged Plenary Meeting of the Ninth Central Committee of the Union of Agricultural
Press Statement of Spokesperson for DPRK Foreign Ministry Issued
Pyongyang, February 2 (KCNA) -- A spokesperson for the Foreign Ministry of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) issued

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Often, when the pain is more severe, our Chiropractic physicians may order x-rays to be taken in order to be sure of the extent of the damage. If you've had x-rays done here at CCWC, there's a very good chance that Tina was the one taking care of you through that process. This is a great service our office provides,which saves you both time and money. Also, by having specialized staff members handle the x-ray process, it saves our doctors time in order to keep meeting our patient's needs. Depending on what the x-rays reveal, our doctors may recommend spinal decompression as treatment. Tina is also a trained therapist with decompression, so she can usher you from the x-ray room right to the decompression table if necessary.
Tina has been with us for three years now, and she loves seeing patient's conditions improve; standing straighter, walking without a limp, and telling her how much better they feel. Her advice to our patients is to continue with the recommended treatments so they can keep improving, and don't end up back where they started. Our "maintenance" packages help our patients keep their body's frames stay in check and it's also less expensive in the long run!
Outside of work, Tina really enjoys shopping for vintage, shabby chic decor, and refinishing old furniture to her tastes. She also plays volleyball and rides bike with her family. Her family enjoys boating together, and when they can, she and her husband try to get away to tropical islands to relax in the sun (who doesn't?) We are thrilled to have Tina as a member of our team. Look for her the next time you are in our Shipshewana office!


Public transportation is easily accessible from The Guesthouse Hotel. The Clark #22 bus picks up on our block all hours every day, and it drops off at many popular stops, including Wrigley Field, Lincoln Park Zoo, State Street, Michigan Avenue and the "Magnificent Mile," Millennium Park and all other sites, shops, restaurants, and attractions in the downtown area.
Chicago's train system is known as the 'L.' The closest stop is the "Lawrence" Red Line station about 5 blocks away (10-15 minute walk) at the intersection of Lawrence and Broadway.
The CTA has a great trip planner website: transitchicago.com. You can also purchase 1-day, 3-day, or 7-day passes for unlimited bus and 'L' rides.
Taxis are easily hailed from our front door. A taxi to downtown will cost approximately $20 and about $40 out to the airports.
Uber is an on-demand car service that you can use to hire a taxi cab, black car, or shared ride (UberX). Just download the Uber app to your smartphone and choose a pick up point.


A gene, PDE2, has been cloned from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae that, when present in high copy, reverses the phenotypic effects of RAS2Val19, a mutant form of the RAS2 gene that renders yeast cells sensitive to heat shock and starvation. It has previously been shown that the RAS proteins are potent activators of yeast adenylate cyclase. We report here that PDE2 encodes a high-affinity cAMP phosphodiesterase that shares sequence homology with animal cell phosphodiesterases. These results therefore imply that the effects of RAS2Val119 are mediated through its changes in cAMP concentration.


Prospect Currently has NO mobile homes for sale.
We are now taking names for a waiting list for the 2020 season for both new and second hand (pre-owned) mobile homes.
Please contact Áine 0872817670 or email aines@indigo.ie with your mobile phone number and contact details.
If you would like a tour of Prospect please contact the number above and we will arrange a time to suit.
FAQ: Do we rent out or sub let mobile homes? No this park is for residents use only and all visitors must have a resident with them at all times.
Please note we DO NOT rent or allow sub letting of mobile homes. All mobile homes are privately owned.


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About WEC
WEC Team
Mentoring and Advisory Services
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We Empower Cities understands the obstacles that entrepreneurs face when launching a business, especially for the first time. Our objective is to expose women entrepreneurs to best practices for scaling their businesses, accelerating growth and attracting investment without compromising their commitment to their communities. That is why WEC offers a comprehensive suite of services that includes training, mentorship and business advisory services through technology and its dedicated network of successful professionals.
It provides a free on-line business training course for those who sign up to its platform (also enabling them to connect to other regional entrepreneurs). This course will allow the entrepreneurs to develop/improved their business plan, and then decide if they would like to participate in the Start-Up Challenge. It also provides access to technical sectoral experts; mentors to support and encourage leadership development through knowledge and experience; and advice on strategic and operational questions.
Are you ready to help women empower cities?
Bringing Funding and Grants
WEC's network brings access to new sources of funding for entrepreneurs, with guaranteed funding for between five…
Building New Networks; Strengthening Ecosystems
WEC has been particularly proud of the establishment of new professional networks for women entrepreneurs…
The Colombia Timeline
The competition for funds and mentorship is ongoing. We're currently reviewing the 600 applications received.


1. A Great Logo: You want a clean, polished image that hooks the customer in. It doesn't need to be fancy, or very intricate, just something that you love and conveys the theme of your business!
2. Business Cards: From meetings, to networking events- you NEVER want to be without a business card to hand out. We have some great unique options for business cards that really stand out if you are looking for something different, or simple designs that are beautiful and memorable!
3. Website: Your website design and usability says a lot about your company. You want a website first and foremost, so people can check out our business. Remember, many users look at websites on mobile devices these days, so make sure it works with multiple platforms! And always make sure your contact information is readily available for prospective clients.
4. Brochures: Having a brochure to hand out or leave with clients keeps your business and information handy and available. We can tailor any brochure to your business and make it a stunning addition for your marketing collateral!
These are only a few tips of things we can do for you here at Graphics Plus. So head on over to our "contact" page or shoot us an email at info@gpdelivers.com today!


With just three weeks left in the regular season, the race for the NFL playoffs is officially in full swing.
In the NFC, the postseason landscape was blown wide open after the Philadelphia Eagles' star quarterback Carson Wentz's season-ending knee injury. The Los Angeles Rams, the Minnesota Vikings, or whoever comes out of an extremely crowded NFC South could easily contend to be the conference's representative in the Super Bowl this year.
On the other side of the league, the Pittsburgh Steelers and New England Patriots stand out as the cream of the crop, and their meeting next week could very well serve as a preview of this year's AFC Championship game. Meanwhile, the AFC West is still completely up for grabs, as is the final Wild Card spot.
Have a look below and see where each team ranks going into Week 15.
One thing to know: The Cleveland Browns looked well on their way to their first win of the season on Sunday, only to give up 20 unanswered points in the final minutes against the Packers to lose in overtime in front of a disappointed home crowd. In the only bright spot of the day, Josh Gordon looked dominant in the few opportunities DeShone Kizer gave him with the ball.
One thing to know: Eli Manning's return didn't inspire much confidence, and now some like ESPN's Jordan Raanan are wondering if it's time to bench Manning and see what rookie quarterback Davis Webb has.
One thing to know: The Colts lost in dramatic fashion to the Bills in one of the wildest snow games in recent NFL memory. While the Colts came up short, kicker Adam Vinatieri hit one of the most impressive extra points you'll ever see to force overtime in the white out.
One thing to know: A report from the NFL Network said Bucs coach Dirk Koetter and Jameis Winston's relationship is "not in a great place." Both men denied it on Sunday, but clearly, the Bucs need to consider changes heading into the offseason.
One thing to know: Houston quarterback Tom Savage went down with a scary-looking hit against the 49ers. He returned to the game for a series before being ruled out of the game with a concussion, reigniting criticism of the NFL's concussion protocol. T.J. Yates was left to take over for the Texans.
One thing to know: The Broncos got their first win since Week 4 (!) by shutting out the Jets. It was just the fourth time all season Denver has scored more than 20 points.
One thing to know: Don't look now, but Jimmy Garoppolo is undefeated as the 49ers' starter, and clearly has a great relationship with wide receiver Marquise Goodwin, who had 12 targets, six catches, and 106 yards in the Niners upset win over the Texans.
One thing to know: Bears tight end Zach Miller said recently his leg was close to being amputated after a gruesome injury in October. He said he's not yet thinking about whether he'll return to football.
One thing to know: Josh McCown is 38 years old and with his 10th NFL team. He was having a the best year of his long, journeyman career in 2017, making his season-ending injury all the more disappointing. Bryce Petty has taken over the starting role for the Jets.
One thing to know: Head coach Jay Gruden said Kirk Cousins hasn't been as accurate this season — Cousins' completion percentage has fallen from 69.8% in 2015 to 67% last year to 65.9% this year. Not the finest way to audition for a possibly career-changing free agency.
One thing to know: After an uneven performance on Sunday, Andy Dalton was replaced by A.J. McCarron with just over four minutes left in the Bengals' game against the Bears. With McCarron due to become a free agent next season, there's a chance he gets more time in the coming weeks as the Bengals attempt to see what they have in him.
One thing to know: Larry Fitzgerald moved into third place all-time in receiving yards. He wouldn't commit to playing next year and said he hopes to pass Terrell Owens for No. 2 this year. He needs 623 more yards to do so.
One thing to know: Despite the Raiders' loss, they still have an outside shot at the postseason if they can recapture some of the offensive magic that propelled the team to 12-4 last year. With contests against the Cowboys, Eagles, and Chargers remaining, it will be a tough slate to run the table against.
One thing to know: The Dolphins kept their season alive with a big and surprising win over the Patriots. They still have a shot at the playoffs if they win out, beating the Bills twice and the Chiefs in the process.
One thing to know: The Cowboys have finally gotten their offense going without star running back Ezekiel Elliott, and will need three straight wins in order to give themselves a shot a winning a Wild Card spot. With Elliott due back from suspension in Week 16, this is the last game they'll play without him, and all of a sudden Dallas could be a terrifying playoff matchup for an unlucky division winner.
One thing to know: The Lions are in the playoff race, but how sure are we that they're a true contender? They have just two wins over teams currently above .500 — the Packers (without Aaron Rodgers) and the Vikings in Week 4.
One thing to know: Aaron Rodgers is eligible to return this week should the Packers choose to start their star quarterback. But Green Bay needs to win three straight games against tough opponents in order to have a chance at making the postseason. Some think it might be more prudent to let Rodgers get 100% healthy before he takes the field again.
One thing to know: LeSean McCoy delivered the game-winning touchdown for the Bills in the "Snow Bowl," continuing a history of strong performances in the snow.
One thing to know: After blowing what seemed like an untouchable division lead, the Chiefs now have two intra-division games left on their schedule that will likely determine the fate of their season, none more important than Saturday's matchup against the Chargers.
One thing to know: Despite blowing a lead to the Steelers in Week 14, the Ravens have a comfy path to the playoffs — their final three games come against teams with a combined 8-31 record.
One thing to know: If the Chargers beat the Chiefs on Saturday, they would jump from a 34% chance to make the postseason to a 73%, according to FiveThirtyEight. That makes it the most important game of their season by far. When the teams met back in Week 3, Los Angeles fell to the Chiefs 24-10.
One thing to know: The Seahawks' ugly loss to the Jaguars ended even uglier, as defensive tackle Quinton Jefferson tried charging into the stands to fight fans who threw something at him.
One thing to know: The Titans remain an enigma, but are still in a good position to make the playoffs thanks to how crowded the AFC playoff picture is — they could lose out and still make it to Wild Card weekend. That said, Marcus Mariota and company has to start playing good football now if they hope to have a chance when the important games come around.
One thing to know: The Jaguars — yes, the Jaguars — could potentially secure a top-two seed in the AFC if they win in Week 15 and if the Steelers beat the Patriots. That would give them a better conference record than the Patriots, the tiebreaker for non-division teams.
One thing to know: The NFC South is extremely crowded right now, with the Falcons, Saints, and Panthers all fighting for both the division title and security in the race for an NFC Wild Card spot. With mutual matchups being so key to final standings, the Falcons win over the Saints will likely look even more crucial as the season nears its end.
One thing to know: As ESPN's Alden Gonzalez noted, the Rams are 7-0 when Todd Gurley carries the ball 20 times or more and 2-4 when he receives 20 or fewer carries. Some of that may have to do with game script, but it also shows how important Gurley can be to the Rams' offensive attack.
One thing to know: Saints' head coach Sean Payton received criticism after New Orleans' Thursday night game against the Falcons for making a "choking" gesture at Falcons' running back Devonta Freeman. Ironically enough, it was Payton who would choke the game away, drawing an unsportsmanlike conduct penalty in the game's final moments that sealed the win for Atlanta.
One thing to know: The Panthers are playing well when it matters, winning five of their last six games, including halting the Vikings' eight-game win streak in Week 14. Suddenly, with Carson Wentz out for the season, the Panthers look like one of the NFC's scariest and most established teams.
One thing to know: With the loss of star quarterback Carson Wentz in the midst of what many thought to be an MVP-caliber season, the Eagles are left to rely on Nick Foles to take them to the promised land. While Foles is one of the best backup options in the NFL, Wentz's injury did lead some Eagles fans to speculate that Colin Kaepernick might be a good fit to fill out Philadelphia's current need for QB depth.
One thing to know: The Patriots loss to the Dolphins on Monday night was shocking to some, but for others that know the teams' history it came as no surprise — New England has actually lost outright to the Dolphins in four of their last five meetings in Miami. With that in mind, this is little more than an annual divisional slip-up on the part of the Patriots, who are still a favorite to take home another Super Bowl.
One thing to know: There's some concern about the way the Steelers are winning of late, having come back from deficits in four of their last five wins during their eight-game winning streak. Ben Roethlisberger has thrown 18 touchdowns to six interceptions since his five-interception disaster against the Jaguars, the Steelers' last loss.


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Organiser: Dr Wei Shi
The aim of this module is to enable students to state and apply the rules of English and EU intellectual property law accurately and relevantly. It will also enable students to make assessments of those laws and the scholarship pertaining thereto. Having studied this module, students will be able to compare and contrast English intellectual property law accurately and relevantly with the equivalent field of any other legal system with which the student is familiar. This module will also enable students to relate English and EU intellectual property law to the particular circumstances - political, social and cultural - in which it developed.
The course will consist of a historical overview of the development of intellectual property law in the UK, at European Union level and internationally. It will examine the law of copyright in relation to literary, musical, dramatic and artistic works as well as in broadcasts, films and sound recordings. It will also examine performers' rights in their performances. It will also examine the law of trade secrets, patent law, the registration and protection of designs and trade marks and the common law tort of passing-off. In each of the areas, the scope of protection will be examined, the rights conferred on the holders of the rights, dealings in the rights and remedies, both civil and criminal, against infringers of rights
D- to D+ (40-49%) : An answer which, while predominantly correct in its presentation of material, contains a significant level of error and is therefore not entirely reliable.
B- to B+ (60-69%) : A comprehensive answer, containing all the material relevant to the question and no irrelevancy, all the material and references being accurate and correct, there being no inaccuracy or error, the whole presented in an argument which, while clear, logical and critical, leaves room for improvement in its construction and presentation. An answer which shows complete competence in the subject.
(50-59%) : An answer which, while always in the main accurate and correct, fails to distinguish between relevant and irrelevant material and is lacking in criticism. An answer which while reliable with regard to correctness is either not comprehensive or not entirely pertinent.
A- to A* (70%+) : An outstanding, possibly brilliant, answer, containing all the material relevant to the question and no irrelevancy, all the material and references being accurate and correct, there being no inaccuracy or error, the whole presented in a clear, logical, critical argument with little room for improvement. An answer which demonstrates a complete mastery of the subject.
Describe and critically evaluate the principal characteristics and concepts of English and EU intellectual property law, including differences that exist between the four main components of intellectual property rights: patents, trademarks, copyright and industrial designs.
Be aware of and analyse the three distinct levels of intellectual property governance, namely, domestic (UK), EU and Global (WTO, WIPO etc).
Demonstrate critical skills in the analysis and evaluation on the extent to which the intellectual property regime at UK, EU and Global levels meet the needs of contemporary society.
Critically undertake independent legal research in relation to elements of UK/EU/WTO intellectual property law to advance proposals for the reforms of intellectual property law at these levels.
Critically evaluate how UK intellectual property law has been influenced by EU and Global intellectual property law.
Written Essay 40.00
Final examination 60.00
The module will be taught by means of 40 hours of lectures, 4 hours per week, taught over the course of one semester.
The module requires students to undertake private study in order to prepare for lectures, the midterm essay and final examination.
Students will be expected to engage with a range of academic sources to demonstrate further research.
Computer Literacy - Proficiency in using a varied range of computer software
• Aplin, T. and Davis, J. (2017) Intellectual property law: text, cases, and materials. Third edition, Oxford University Press.
• Bainbridge, D. (2018) Intellectual Property, Pearson Education Limited
• Cornish, W. R. (2019) Intellectual property: patents, copyright, trade marks and allied rights. Sweet & Maxwell
• Drahos P. & J. Braithwaite (2002), Information Feudalism: Who Owns the Knowledge Economy, Earthscan
• Groves, P. (2011) A dictionary of intellectual property law. Edward Elgar.
• Husovec, M. (2017) Injunctions against intermediaries in the European Union: accountable but not liable? Cambridge University Press
• Menescal A. K. (2005), Those Behind the TRIPS Agreement: The Influence of the ICC and the AIPPI on International Intellectual Property Decisions
• Norman, H. E. (2014) Intellectual property law. Second edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press
• Waelde, C. et al. (2016) Contemporary intellectual property: law and policy. Fourth edition. Oxford University Press.


text:
At WSE
My Other Life
At WSE View All▶
Innovation, With Unlimited Caffeine
Photo: Hanju Lee
Just a few blocks from tree-lined Homewood campus, in Baltimore's trendy Remington neighborhood, Johns Hopkins University has opened FastForward R. House, its second major innovation space in six months.
With 9,000 square feet of office, meeting, and lab space, FastForward R. House will provide facilities for innovators developing software, devices, and other technologies across an array of industries, including health care, cybersecurity, and manufacturing. FastForward 1812 opened on the medical campus in April 2017. These are the latest endeavors to support the burgeoning entrepreneurial ecosystem at Johns Hopkins.
"FastForward R. House is purpose-built—combining affordable space, state-of-the-art equipment, and support services to spur the development of promising ventures into sustainable businesses," says Brian Stansky, Johns Hopkins Technology Ventures' senior director of FastForward.
The renovated warehouse supports startups at all stages—whether they need an individual desk, a whole office suite, or a full Biosafety Level-2 wet lab. It features conferencing and meeting spaces, full-time lab and office managers, shared scientific instruments, a makerspace with 3-D printers, free Wi-Fi, and unlimited coffee.
Many scientific instruments at FastForward R. House originated at FastForward Homewood, the university's first innovation hub opened by the Whiting School of Engineering in Baltimore's historic Stieff Silver Building in 2013. "We're grateful that the Whiting School of Engineering had the vision to create FastForward," says JHTV Head Christy Wyskiel. "We hope to continue building on their foundation."
Johns Hopkins is among the top 10 institutions worldwide to receive U.S. patents, according to the National Academy of Inventors and the Intellectual Property Owners Association.
Coming Soon: A student-dedicated innovation hub called FastForward U. (Photo: Hanju Lee)
In 2018, Johns Hopkins will open its second student-dedicated innovation hub, FastForward U, across from FastForward R. House. FastForward East, now known as FastForward U-East, transitioned to a student space on the Johns Hopkins medical campus earlier this year.
"We want to ensure the brilliant minds at Johns Hopkins and across Baltimore have the resources they need to build the solutions of tomorrow, today," Wyskiel says. "If they start, stay, and grow here, it will benefit our university, our city, and people around the world."
— Brian Conlin
In At WSE Tags: Johns Hopkins Technology Ventures, Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University, Entrepreneurship, Christy Wyskiel, Innovation, Brian Stansky, FastForward U, FastForward, FastForward R. House, Remington
A Catalyst for Sustainable Energy
The Ralph S. O'Connor Sustainable Energy Institute will serve as a catalyst for activities focused on developing and translating sustainable energy technologies, educating future energy leaders, and helping create an affordable, scalable, and equitable green energy future for a more resilient world.
Read More▶
'Meet the Engineer'
A group of Johns Hopkins engineering students created a series of short videos designed to stimulate Baltimore City Schools students' interest in studying science, technology, engineering, and math topics.
Certifying Sustainable Practices
Graduate research assistant Ryan Weeks was shocked by how much energy could be saved with only minor adjustments to lab procedures after he brought the My Green Lab sustainability certification program to the lab of Marc Ostermeier.
3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218


text:
Interesting Facts about Brightly-Coloured, Invasive and Venomous Lionfish
Sukhdev Shukla
Ornate Lionfish
Flickr - Photo credit: ume-y
'All that glitters is not gold' is a popular saying. It holds good for the Lionfish, a brightly-coloured fish which looks pleasant to the eyes. Its decorated external appearance is not at all a reliable indication of the true nature of this ornate fish.The fish is venomous and its beautiful tentacles may attract the prey. Its striking bright colours need to be seen as a warning sign about the danger ahead by other creatures in the sea.
This deceptive predator native to the Indo-Pacific, has now earned the reputation of the most aggressively invasive species and posed a major threat to the reef ecological systems in certain parts of the world.
Stay with me to know more about this brightly-coloured, invasive and venomous fish.
Brightly Coloured Lionfish
Flickr - Photo credit: Don DeBold
Elegant and Unique Lionfish
Flickr - Photo credit: C. P. Ewing
The lionfish has distinctive brown or maroon colour with white stripes or bands covering both head and body. It has unique tentacles above its eyes and below its mouth. There are 18 venomous spines which include 2 pelvic spines, 3 anal spines and 13 dorsal spines. All this makes lionfish an elegant creature.
The average size of a lionfish is almost 1 ft (.3 mts) though the largest of lionfish can grow up to 15 inches (0.4 mts) in length. It can weigh up to 2.6 pounds and average lifespan can extend up to 15 years. The Lionfish has been sighted down to the depth of about 1000 ft (305 mts).
Enjoy the Dancing Movements of the Lionfish
Recognised Species and Other Names
Commonly Studied Species
Pterois volitans
Wikimedia Commons - Photo credit: Michael Gäbler
Pterois miles
Wikimedia Commons - Photo credit: Alexander Vasenin
Pterois radiata
Wikimedia Commons - Photo credit:Jan Derk (In Public Domain)
Recognised Species
Pterois is the genus for the common name Lionfish. This genus has 12 recognised species but three most commonly studied species in the genus are:
Pterois volitans: Also called red lionfish. This coral reef fish is native of the Indo-Pacific region, but has been found invasive in the Caribbean Sea and East Coast of the United States. About 93% of the invasive population is known to be red lionfish.
Pterois miles: This is the close relative of red lionfish having less angular head. It is also called common lionfish or devil firefish. There is variation in colour, from reddish to tan or grey. It has many thin, dark vertical bars on its head and body. It is mainly nocturnal and normally hides in the crevices during daytime. It feeds on small crustaceans and fish. It has now been reported in the eastern and central Mediterranean Sea, though it is also a native of the Indian Ocean.
Pterois radiata: This is a ray-finned fish and the only species among lionfish having spines without any markings. A pair of horizontal white stripes on its caudal peduncle makes it distinct and recognisable. This species is native to western Indo-Pacific region and is found on both inshore and offshore rocky reefs. This species is mainly nocturnal and feeds on invertebrates like shrimps and crabs.
Pterois is the genus for the common name Lionfish
Pterois is also called: Zebrafish, Firefish, Turkeyfish and Butterfly-cod
2020 Too
Butterflies on Milkweed: An Identification Guide to Butterflies Commonly Found on Milkweed Flowers (With Photos)
Guilty Pleasure Foods to Die For
At Perth Aquarium
Perth Aquarium
Flickr - Photo credit: Eulinky
As Natives: Lionfish are natives to reefs and rocky crevices of the Indian and South Pacific Oceans (Indo-Pacific) and the Red Sea.
As Invaders: Lionfish have found their way to West Atlantic, Caribbean Sea as well as the Mediterranean Sea. Nearly 93% of the invasive population in the Western Atlantic is Pterois volitans. It is believed that accidental or even intentional disposal of lionfish from home aquariums has resulted in this invasion.
At Aquariums: Lionfish can make a uniquely beautiful addition to the home saltwater aquarium. It is successful only if there is an adequate space, reef and hiding space and proper food made available. Other smaller fish may not be able to survive in such aquarium.
Lionfish may find it difficult to survive water temperature below 50 degree Fahrenheit or 10 degree Celsius. Temperature can be the limiting factor for their presence in water in different parts of the world/home aquariums.
Left Middle: Egg sac of a female lionfish containing up to 20000 eggs. Bottom Right: Two egg balls floating alongside the lionfish
Wikimedia Commons: Photo credit: UNC Sea Grant College Program
Female lionfish becomes sexually mature on attaining an age of one year, when it is 7 to 8 inches in length. Two gelatinous egg sacs, measuring 1 to 2 inches, are released frequently. In warmer climates each lionfish can release 10000 to 30000 unfertilised eggs at an interval of 4 days. Thus, about 2 million eggs can be released in a year by this prolific reproducer. In colder water this frequency is reduced to 3-4 months in a year.
Impact of Sting of Lionfish and its Remedies
Stung by Lionfish
The base of each of spines of lionfish has a reservoir of venom. Stinging is a mechanical process in which inward pulling off the spines puts pressure on the venom gland, which, in turn, triggers shooting up of the toxin to the tips of the hollow spines. But it is purely a defensive action which works as a deterrent to the predators. It is not used for hunting a prey.
Surprisingly, even a dead lionfish can cause stinging. Dead lionfish needs to be handled carefully to avoid mechanical process involved in stinging.
The venom of a lionfish is a combination of protein and Neuro-muscular toxin and neurotransmitter called oxyacetylene. A sting can cause extreme pain, sweating, nausea, vomiting and even breathing difficulties. On getting a sting, the first action should aim at decreasing pain and swelling. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration recommends immersing the wound in hot water for about 30 minutes. The sting is rarely fatal. The flesh of lionfish is not poisonous.
Predators of Lionfish
Giant Grouper - A Predator
At Georgia Aquarium
Wikimedia Commons - Photo credit: Unknown
Venomous spines of lionfish are deterrents to the predators. But in the Indo-Pacific, their native habitat, the natural predators known for hunting lionfish are:
Large grouper, large eels, cornetfish, frog fish and even shark.
However, no known predators outside of its native habitat are known.
A Predator in Action
Invasion and its Impact on Ecology
Inside Stomach of a Lionfish
Flickr - Photo credit: Tim Donovan (Florida Fish and Wildlife)
Lionfish are known to be an extremely prolific invasive species. The invasion in the Atlantic is spreading at an extremely fast rate like plague. They are indiscriminate eaters and can consume a large number of organisms in one feeding. Their stomachs are known to have the capacity to expand up to 30 times their normal volume. Dissection of the stomachs of lionfish has shown not only large amount, but even different species of prey like small fish, invertebrates and molluscs. Their high reproduction rate, uncontrollable appetite and absence of known predators in the US Southeast and Caribbean coastal water are a great cause of concern to the scientists.
This invasion may result in ecological and economic harm to these areas. Apart from reducing the fish population in this area, they may harm reef ecosystems. Because of their indiscriminate eating nature, it is feared that they may also consume helpful species like algae-eating parrotfish. This, unfortunately, can pave the way for seaweeds to overtake the reef.
Imagine the Impact on Ecology
Can the Invasion be Fought Out?
At present the approach is to reduce their numbers in the non-native, invaded regions through 'Lionfish Rodeos'. Scuba diving, free diving or snorkelling is used to remove as many lionfish as possible in specified areas by netting or spearing by these Rodeos.
Lionfish are known to be venomous but not poisonous. The National Oceanic and Administrative Administration (NOAA), an American Scientific Agency, is now involved in raising public awareness through 'Eat Lionfish' campaign to promote consumption of lionfish and make it a sustainable seafood choice.
These efforts are bound to have limited impact on containing the proliferation of lionfish.
Sukhdev Shukla (author) from Dehra Dun, India on June 05, 2017:
Thanks, Chitrangada. In spite of its being venomous many love to have it in their aquariums. Also, its invasion is a cause of worry, which needs to be tackled in coming days. I am glad you liked the Hub.
Chitrangada Sharan from New Delhi, India on June 05, 2017:
Very informative and interesting article about Lionfish ! I have seen this in pictures only . They look so beautiful. It would have been good had they not been venomous.
Enjoyed the videos, the pictures and the whole information!
Purposed Updates for the DSM-6 and ICD-11
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Signs, Reasons, and Management of Behavioral Change in Children
By EK Jadoon
Hotels, Lodging & Vacation Packages
Top Eleven Hotel Pet Peeves
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Let's Debunk the "Asperger's Syndrome" Fairy Tale Altogether!
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Personal Health Information & Self-Help
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Kirk Douglas, a farewell to a true Hollywood legend.
The Funny History of Roland the Farter
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text:
Joan Silber Wins the 2018 PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction
The author and finalists will be feted in Washington, DC, on Sat., May 5th.
Book Industry News
Bookstores: The Heart of Main Street
How indies along the East Coast are transforming downtowns
Jesmyn Ward Wins the 2017 National Book Award
The novelist earned the coveted prize for Sing, Unburied, Sing
Meet the (Small) Press: Santa Fe Writers Project
by Michael Landweber
This indie imprint owes its existence to a bar in the desert.
2012 National Book Award Finalist Roundup
A look at reviews of National Book Award finalists, and interviews with authors, from the Independent and around the web.
Scary Passage #9
An Interview with Rachel Louise Snyder
The journalist discusses why her leap into fiction wasn't much of a leap at all.
The Revolution Will Be Romanticized
by Delancey Stewart
An undervalued genre demands its seat at the table.
Affairs of the Art


text:
'use strict';

Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", {
  value: true
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exports.default = function (loaders) {
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    throw new Error('\nIf you want to use \'extract-text-webpack-plugin\' make sure\nyour \'styleLoaders\' array have \'style-loader\' at index 0.\n    ');
  }

  var ExtractTextPlugin = void 0;
  try {
    // eslint-disable-next-line global-require
    ExtractTextPlugin = require('extract-text-webpack-plugin');
  } catch (error) {
    throw new Error('\nCould not find \'extract-text-webpack-plugin\' module.\nMake sure it\'s installed in your \'node_modules/\' directory.\nError: ' + error + '\n');
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  }).join('');
  return ExtractTextPlugin.extract('style', restLoaders);
};

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Ayub Timbe: Tanzania will give Harambee Stars the toughest test at Afcon
Dennis Mabuka
FKF.
Kenya v Tanzania
Algeria v Kenya
Kenya v Senegal
Harambee Stars will face Algeria's Desert Warriors in their Group C opener at the June 30 Stadium on Sunday
Kenya striker Ayub Timbe says the Harambee Stars' match against Tanzania will be their toughest encounter at the Africa Cup of Nations.
The Beijing Renhe forward believes that the rivalry between the two East African countries will make the Group C battle an exciting affair.
"Between the three teams in our Group, Tanzania will be the toughest, one because we are neighbours and secondly all of us are looking to play each other in a top competition," Timbe is quoted by The Standard Newspaper.
Timbe, who missed two qualifying matches owing to suspension, says he is very excited about playing in the Afcon finals, which kicks off in Egypt on Friday.
"This is a dream I have heard since I was young and not just me but the majority of the players in this team and we look forward to having a great tournament," Timbe continued.
"We have had good preparations learning new things every day and now we are ready to apply it to the tournament.
"Our first match against Algeria will be tough but we are ready to fight as a team and to do our best. We know that after doing this, results will come.
While Timbe has been deployed in a number of roles by Kenya coach Sebastien Migne, he admitted that he would like to play in his customary attacking midfield role at the continental finals.
"There was a small confusion [on my role]. At club level, I play number 10 with an offensive role. Against Madagascar, coach Sebastien Migne wanted me to play a more defensive role and that is not my strong point, he added.
"However, against DR Congo, I played in my normal role and was more comfortable. I was just being me and that is where the great performance came from."
Kenya, who are pooled in Group C alongside Algeria, Senegal and Tanzania, will play their opener against the Desert Warriors on Sunday.


text:
namespace applicationGateway
{
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    using Microsoft.Rest.Azure;
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    using System.Threading.Tasks;

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    public static partial class ExpressRouteServiceProvidersOperationsExtensions
    {
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            /// The operations group for this extension method.
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            public static IPage<ExpressRouteServiceProvider> List(this IExpressRouteServiceProvidersOperations operations)
            {
                return operations.ListAsync().GetAwaiter().GetResult();
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            /// Gets all the available express route service providers.
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            public static async Task<IPage<ExpressRouteServiceProvider>> ListAsync(this IExpressRouteServiceProvidersOperations operations, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default(CancellationToken))
            {
                using (var _result = await operations.ListWithHttpMessagesAsync(null, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false))
                {
                    return _result.Body;
                }
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            {
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            {
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text:
JAMB Tutorial
Current School News
Post UTME/DE Updates
Akahi Tutors
WhatsApp - 08038644328
CRUSH 2020 JAMB UTME @ Akahi Tutors, Ile-Ife. Call 08038644328
Life of Staff and Students is Precious in UI
Universities as centres for knowledge creation and dissemination are conceived as a democratizing space which should enable both female and male staff and students to realize their full potentials. However, complaints of sexual harassment are believed to be rampant in many Nigerian and African universities. They are deeply troubling and constitute a violation of human rights and academic freedom. Sexual harassment dampens self esteem, hampers social interactions and discourages other students. It is a form of corruption. The Nigerian Government and Non Governmental Organizations like Women Against Rape and Sexual Harassment and Exploitation have attempted at various times to curtail sexual harassment.
The University of Ibadan, in line with its commitment to transformative processes in higher education deliberately initiated and worked to produce a sexual harassment policy. Its objective is to cultivate and maintain a working and learning environment that reflects respect for the dignity of all members of our community, thereby stimulating and supporting an environment free of sexual harassment and gender-based violence.
This Sexual Harassment (SH) Policy is the product of a highly participatory process, involving all segments of the University in extensive discussions about its purpose, expected outcomes and strategies for ensuring its implementation and sustainability. The University is very proud of the rigorous work of the Gender Mainstreaming Committee and other stakeholders. The participatory approach gives the university community a sense of ownership of the policy.
The Gender and Sexual Harassment Policy document s were adopted by the University Senate at its meeting of 14 August, 2012
GENDER MAINSTREAMING POLICY
http://www.ui.edu.ng/sites/default/files/GENDER%20POLICY%20DOMMY.pdf
(http://www.ui.edu.ng/sites/default/files/SEXUAL%20HASSASSMENT%20HANDOUT%20DOMMY.pdf .
This is a landmark achievement for the University and an important milestone on the Gender Mainstreaming Programme of the institution. The policy is an instrument of progress which facilitates the creation of a gender-friendly space for all. With all modesty, the University of Ibadan is the first University to produce and adopt SH Policy in Nigeria. On this note, the University has a Gender Mainstreaming Office under the leadership of the Principal Investigator of the University of Ibadan Gender Mainstreaming Programme, Dr. Stella O. Odebode.
Finally, It is pertinent to state that the University has an inclusive process of disciplining its staff and students through the Senior Staff Disciplinary Committee, Junior Staff Disciplinary Committee and Students' Disciplinary Committee.
Posted in UI
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text:
When You Only Have 103 Years to Live
Branch is celebrating today for on this very day, 103 years ago, Mrs. Annie English came into the world. Yes, 103 years ago. Let's examine that wondrous fact. In 1914, World War I began it's lengthy campaign as country after country wearily engaged in battle in far away Europe. The inventive Panama Canal opened, ushering a new era in the shipping of goods from sea to sea. The ingenious Charlie Chaplin made his on screen debut and rose to fame with his uncanny ability to communicate without words. Meanwhile, here in Branch, as war raged on, massive ships passed smoothly between continents and silent screen stars became legends, an even greater miracle was manifested. Annie O'Rourke was born in Branch.
That Branch of 1914 was much different in many ways. There were no roads, no cars, no electricity, no television and alas, no Facebook! Visiting a doctor was a monumental event and required extensive travel. Communication was limited to lively conversations rooted by being in the same room, face to face.
As Mrs. Annie has aged, so has Branch. The human landscape of Branch has changed as people have come and gone from our community. In many ways, the geographic landscape remains the same, with the Gut continuing to anchor Branch, strengthened by the Flats and the Cove. The fishery continues to play a foundational role in our community, as does farming. Our faith remains central to who we are. We are still committed to ensuring Branch remains relevant and robust.
On this memorable day, many will ask themselves, how do I do that? How do I live to be 103, healthy and living in my own home? I think I've solved a fraction of this profound mystery.
I remember visiting Mrs. Annie on her 100th birthday. When I walked in, she was standing at the stove frying fresh fish. Surrounded by her attentive family, glossy balloons and well-wishes from around the world, she was in her element. When the news came on at 6, she rushed into the living room, excited to see her birthday announced. There you have it. The recipe for age and aging. Keep going. Do what you love. Celebrate your birthdays and your life with family and friends. Be nice. Share your love. Own your joy and excitement. And fry fish whenever you have the chance. Mrs. Annie didn't accept the Oil of Olay aversion to aging and "fight it every step of the way". She hasn't gown to be ageless. Instead, she is age-full, having lived an honourable life sharing her life and her heart with so many.
Every time I hear the Five for Fighting song, 100 Years, the gracious, tenacious Mrs. Annie English comes to mind. As the singer moves through the ages and stages of any life, the dreaming, the living, the the hugeness not only of the years she lived astonishes me, but how she has lived. That songs ends with "There's never been a wish better than this, when you've only got a 100 years to live."
The war has ended, thankfully. The Panama Canal is old news and poor old Charlie Chaplin is long gone. But....Mrs. Annie English is on Facebook tonight! We are so proud that you chose us, that you chose Branch to live those 103 years....we can't wait to celebrate 104 with you!


The 20-year-old Newport Beach, Calif., man accused of killing a former high school classmate is an avowed Neo-Nazi and trained with a notorious extremist group committed to violent overthrow of the U.S. government, according to a newly published report.
Samuel Woodward is charged with murder in the killing 19-year-old Blaze Bernstein, a University of Pennsylvania student who went missing this month while visiting his family in Orange County. Prosecutors say Woodward stabbed Bernstein 20 times and then buried his body in a Lake Forest park, where it was found days later.
Bernstein was Jewish and gay, and police are investigating his killing as a possible hate crime.
Woodward is scheduled to be arraigned in Orange County Superior Court on Friday.
Relying on "three people with detailed knowledge of Woodward's recent past," the investigative news website ProPublica said Woodward was a member of the group Atomwaffen — which has been tied to other killings and a bomb plot in recent months — and traveled to Texas to attend the group's three-day training camp.
Atomwaffen's commitment to violence makes it more dangerous than other groups that have emerged from the recent wave of white supremacists, according to experts on right-wing extremism quoted by the news site. And unlike other new white nationalist groups, Atomwaffen embraces Nazi imagery and openly celebrates Adolf Hitler and Charles Manson.
The group was estimated to have about 80 members, but its ranks have grown since the "Unite the Right" rally in Charlottesville, Va., last year, the former member told ProPublica.


This paper builds a process theory of how participants in an online community deal with a new identity threat. Based upon the in-depth, interpretive case study of an online community of retail bankers, it develops a grounded theory that reveals that participants in an online community deal with new taint by protecting their occupation's identity but not by attempting to repair its external image. In the investigated community, reactions progressed from rejecting the taint to distancing from it and, finally, resigning to it. Overall, the dynamics of an occupational online community reveal that the objective of protecting the existing identity of its members supersede that of taking a more proactive stance to address the identity threat and attempt to influence new regulations affecting the occupation.This paper adds to the online community literature by developing a process theory of how online peer groups cope with new identity threats by relying upon a diverse and evolving set of interrelated coping strategies. The paper also contributes to the literature on online communities by theorizing why an occupational online community may turn into a "shelter" for its members rather than a social action organization capable of mobilizing change in its external environment. This helps us better understand the nature of online community as a virtual organization as compared to other organized forms of occupational groups such as traditional organizations or professional societies.


A 4 week old male infant presents with 12 episodes of vomiting over 4 days, which progressively worsened over time and became projectile in nature. No bile or blood was present.
He is always hungry and often vomits after feeds. He has been exclusively breastfed so far.
He was born at term with a birth weight of 3.6kg, which is between the 50th to 75th centiles.
The pyloric muscles are thickened and the pyloric channel is elongated.


Happy Birthday to my sweet, sweet Lillia. It seems almost impossible to believe it's been eight years since I first met those wide, wondering eyes of yours. And yet, here we are. In the past year you endured many changes; a new school, a new house, and a new baby brother. You have done it all with grace. I have so much to learn from you, and I love you so much.


The authors distinguish between the tendency for people to prefer confirming and desirable over disconfirming and undesirable information (Eil & Rao, 2011). Thus, people prefer evidence confirming what they need to believe to maintain a positive self-image. Jurors are motivated reasoners who prefer evidence that reinforces what they need to believe to preserve their views of themselves and the world. A lawyer can never win a case unless a narrative speaks to jurors about a world they know.


Born in 1923 at St. Francis Hospital to Italian parents, Bruno Mautino is a Santa Barbara native and served in the Air Force during World War II. Owner of the S.B. Tire and Retreading Company, Bruno also played in the American Legion Band and played the saxophone and clarinet in several other musical groups. His wife, Phyllis Moore Mautino was the first licensed female pharmacist in Santa Barbara and spent most of her career at Gutierrez Drug Store. Growing up he had a diverse set of friends, including Chinese and Japanese Americans, and attended Santa Barbara High School. To this day, he remains close friends with another participant in the Presidio Research Center Oral History Project, Jackson Cianfrone (see his interview here).
Above Photo: Bruno Mautino and Mary Louise Days at the Presidio Research Center. September 26, 2012.
Clip 2: While working in the Air Force band during World War II, Bruno unexpectedly runs into his longtime friend from Santa Barbara, Jackson Cianfrone.
Clip 3: Bruno recounts a time him and Jackson "lost their shirts" in the back room of Jimmy's Oriental Gardens.
Clip 4: In 1942, 120,000 Japanese Americans from the West Coast were sent to internment camps. One of Bruno's Japanese American friends, Tadashi Yamamoto, from high school, was one of the first Japanese American families targeted due to his father's assumed ties to the Japanese army.
"Bruno Mautino Oral History," Santa Barbara Trust for Historic Preservation: Collections Online , accessed April 24, 2019, http://omeka.sbthp.org/items/show/201.


Dave & Neta Jackson are authors of the hugely popular 'Trailblazer' books. They have agreed to come to New Zealand to run some student seminars on creative writing and the writing process as well as speak to parents and teachers.
This is Dave & Neta's first visit to New Zealand but they come highly recommended.
Would you like Dave & Neta to come to your area? Let us know!
Watch this space for further details as they come to hand.


text:
Earl E. Gilbert, Sr.
Fri, 09/08/2017 - 12:48pm
Funeral services for Earl Gilbert, Sr., 81, was held on Thursday, September 7, 2017, at 2:00p.m. at First Baptist Church in Teague Bro. Scott Matthews officiated. Interment followed the services at Cotton Gin Cemetery. Visitation was held on Wednesday with the family present from 6:00p.m. to 8:00p.m. at the funeral home. Mr. Gilbert passed away on Monday, September 4, 2017, at the Teague Nursing Home. He was born in Van, Texas, on September 29, 1935. Earl married Barbara Goode on August 21, 1954, and shared over fifty-five years of marriage together before being separated by her death on December 21, 2009. Mr. Gilbert worked for APAC in Dallas for over thirty years. He moved to Teague in 1971. Mr. Gilbert enjoyed trail rides and was active for many years in a riding club. He was also an active member of First Baptist Church in Teague. For many years, Mr. Gilbert would drive the youth to summer camp in Glorieta, NM. He loved church camp and often would sponsor kids so they could attend. Mr. Gilbert loved his family and was active in their lives. He especially enjoyed following his grandchildren's school and youth sports activities. He is survived by one son Gary E. Gilbert & wife Kathy of Monticello, Indiana; six grandchildren, Stacy Rene Gomez & husband Jesus of Teague, Earl Edward (Bubba) Gilbert, III & wife Janay of Colmesneil, Texas, Erick Dwain Gilbert & wife Kayla of Teague, Tim J. Gilbert of Monticello, Indiana, Holly E. Gilbert of Monticello, Indiana, and Abby D. Gilbert of Monticello, Indiana; fourteen great-grandchildren, Kristi James, Jacob Gomez, Bethany Gilbert, Emilee James, Earl Edward (Ty) Gilbert, III, Hayley Gomez, Harley Gomez, Kaitlyn Gilbert, Evan Gilbert, Eli Gilbert, Mitch Gilbert, Emma Gilbert, Clark Gilbert, Easton Gilbert; one brother Dr. Harold Dean Gilbert and wife Linda of Colorado Springs, Colorado; one daughter-in-law Delores Gilbert of Teague; one niece, Kara Gilbert McIntyre and husband Peter. Mr. Gilbert was preceded in death by his wife, Barbara Ray; one son, Earl "Eddie" Gilbert, Jr.; his parents, Mearl & Carneene Gilbert; one niece Dr. Glenda Gilbert. Please visit our website at www.bowersfuneralhome.net to sign the memorial guestbook or to leave a message for the family.
Bowers Funeral Home
900 U.S. Hwy 84 W.
www.bowersfuneralhome.net