text:
Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) /
Lawsuit and FISC Release
https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2013/09/hundreds-pages-nsa-spying-documents-be-released-result-eff-lawsuit
In a major victory in one of EFF's Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) lawsuits, the Justice Department conceded yesterday that it will release hundreds of pages of documents, including FISA court opinions, related to the government's secret interpretation of Section 215 of the Patriot Act, the law the NSA has relied upon for years to mass collect the phone records of millions of innocent Americans.
In a court filing, the Justice Department, responding to a judge's order, said that they would make public a host of material that will "total hundreds of pages" by next week, including
"O]rders and opinions of the FISC issued from January 1, 2004, to June 6, 2011, that contain a significant legal interpretation of the government's authority or use of its authority under Section 215; and responsive "significant documents, procedures, or legal analyses incorporated into FISC opinions or orders and treated as binding by the Department of Justice or the National Security Agency "
While the government finally released a white paper detailing its expansive (and unconstitutional) interpretation of Section 215 last month, more important FISA court opinions adopting at least part of that interpretation have remained secret. The results of EFF's FOIA lawsuit will finally lift the veil on the dubious legal underpinnings of NSA's domestic phone surveillance program.
This victory for EFF comes on the heels of another FOIA success two weeks ago, when the Justice Department was also forced to release a 2011 FISA court opinion ruling some NSA surveillance unconstitutional.
Like our )(EFF) lawsuit over that 2011 FISA opinion—where the government posted the results on Director of National Intelligence's new Tumblr account—the Justice Department may attempt to portray this release as being done out of the goodness of its heart . . .
The Justice Department is releasing this information because a court has ordered it to do so in response to EFF's FOIA lawsuit, which was filed on the tenth anniversary of the enactment of the Patriot Act—nearly two years ago.
For most of the duration of the lawsuit, the government fought tooth and nail to keep every page of its interpretations secret, even once arguing it should not even be compelled to release the number of pages that their opinions consisted of. It was not until the start of the release of documents leaked by NSA whistleblower Edward Snowden that the government's position became untenable and the court ordered the government to begin the declassification review process.
Partial List of FISC Documents: more on the link, (please read)
Here are the documents:
(If these links do not work, paste them into your browser and access them)
– br-09-13-orders-signed-3-sept-09-final-redactedex-ocr-0
– 1dec201_redacted.ex_-_ocr_1.pdf
– 4_february_2011_production_br10-82_final_redacted.ex_-_ocr_1.pdf
– br_09-06_order_and_supplemental_order_6-22-09_final_redacted.ex_-_ocr_0.pdf
Full list is on the EFF site and link below:
Read more:https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2013/09/hundreds-pages-nsa-spying-documents-be-released-result-eff-lawsuit
EFF, The Electronic Frontier Foundation
The Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) is an international non-profit digital rights group based in the United States.
EFF has taken action in several ways. It provides funds for legal defense in court, presents amici curiae briefs, defends individuals and new technologies from what it considers baseless or misdirected legal threats, works to expose government malfeasance, provides guidance to the government and courts, organizes political action and mass mailings, supports some new technologies which it believes preserve personal freedoms, maintains a database and web sites of related news and information, monitors and challenges potential legislation that it believes would infringe on personal liberties and fair use, and solicits a list of what it considers patent abuses with intentions to defeat those that it considers without merit.
. . .The Electronic Frontier Foundation was formed in July 1990 by John Gilmore, John Perry Barlow and Mitch Kapor in response to a series of actions by law enforcement agencies that led them to conclude that the authorities were gravely uninformed about emerging forms of online communication,[1] and that there was a need for increased protection for Internet civil liberties.
This generated further reaction and support for the ideas of Barlow and Kapor. In late June, Barlow held a series of dinners in San Francisco with major figures in the computer industry[citation needed] to develop a coherent response to these perceived threats. Barlow considered that: "The actions of the FBI and Secret Service were symptoms of a growing social crisis: Future Shock. America was entering the Information Age with neither laws nor metaphors for the appropriate protection and conveyance of information itself."[2] Barlow felt that to confront this a formal organization would be needed; he hired Cathy Cook as press coordinator, and began to set up what would become the Electronic Frontier Foundation.
The Electronic Frontier Foundation was formally founded on July 10, 1990, by Kapor, Gilmore and Barlow. Initial funding was provided by Kapor, Wozniak, and an anonymous benefactor.[3][4]
Read more:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_Frontier_Foundation#History
Pls See Cases:
Jewel v. NSA
First Unitarian Church of Los Angeles v. NSA
Section 215 of the U.S. Patriot Act
https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2013/09/new-amicus-brief-urges-massachusetts-require-warrants-cell-site-data
Lavabit Case Re: NSA, DOJ and Letters is now sealed
Lavabit Case Now Sealed
3 Responses to An EFF Lwst/FISC Rls
Reagan says:
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keepkelb says:
Thank you, Reagan.
We're glad, also and to have you. Thanks. best, Lynn


Our boutique hours are by appointment in order to provide our clients with an intimate and personalized experience. We truly care about understanding your vision and style. You will have our undivided attention while we help you create the ideal look for your wedding day or that special occasion!
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text:
Governance, Policies and Finance
The Holt School is a Single Academy Trust with members overseeing a governing body.
The role of The Holt School Governing Body is to:
Ensure clarity of vision, ethos and strategic direction
Hold the Co-Headteachers and Senior Leadership Team to account for the educational performance of the students, and the performance management of staff
Oversee and ensure effective financial performance of the school.
The school operates under a Funding Agreement with the Education and Skills Funding Agency, which determines governance and operational requirements. The Accounting Officer is Anne Kennedy, Co-Headteacher. The Chief Financial Officer is Sian Lehrter, School Business Director.
There are currently 3 members of the Academy Trust; they oversee, at arm's length, the operation of the Governing Body, and have a number of strategic responsibilities, similar to those of shareholders of a company limited by shares.
There are currently 16 governors, comprising 6 parent governors elected by parents of students at the school, 8 community governors appointed by the Governing Body, and the Co-Headteachers (ex officio). The governors are also directors of the Company under company law, and trustees of the Academy Trust. Meetings are also attended by 4 staff representatives, elected by staff at the school. Further details about our governors can be found by clicking the link below. The school maintains a register of business interests, which includes links to local public and private section organisations and governance roles within other educational institutions, to ensure full transparency. This is updated annually and referred to at all meetings so that governors may withdraw if they have an interest in a matter arising. The link below provides the current register along with full details of appointments, terms of office and governor attendance at meetings.
The Governing Body meets at least termly, with its detailed work carried out within committees. Committees currently in operation include Finance & Premises Committee; Quality of Education; Behaviour, Attitudes & Personal Development, and Leadership & Management. These committees also meet at least termly. A scheme of delegation is in place to ensure that decisions are made at an appropriate level and to maximise efficiency and effectiveness.
The Governing Body reviews its effectiveness annually and is currently reviewing the governance structures, particularly in relation to the role of the members, and the number of members appointed.
Please direct any queries to me via the Clerk to the Governors, Katie Warner, either via e mail (k.warner@holt.wokingham.sch.uk), or via the school address below.
Fiona Cross
Governors and Members
Please click on the links below for further governance and finance documents
a) Governor and Member Register of Interests
b) 2018 Accounts
c) 2019 Accounts
d) 2020 Accounts
e) 2021 Accounts
f) Scheme of Delegation – Governance
g) Scheme of Delegation – Finance
h) Funding Agreement
i) Memorandum and Articles of Association
j) Governance Structure and Responsibilities
k) Trust Pay Reporting

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


What Sets the Best Cultures Apart in High Performance?
Bestselling author Daniel Coyle reveals the secrets behind high performing cultures.
The Leaders Performance Institute is talking to Coyle about his latest book The Culture Code: The Secrets of Highly Successful Groups. In the highly anticipated follow-up to 2009's The Talent Code, Coyle goes inside some of the most effective organisations in the world to see what makes them tick and identifies the key factors that can generate cohesion in any walk of life.
"One of the common words leaders use a lot is 'disaster'; they really felt if something didn't go well then the next few years could be a disaster. Ed Catmull at Pixar said that, the navy SEALs said it, RC Buford at San Antonio too," says Coyle.
So what separates a great culture from the vast majority? "I'd argue that these organisations are great because they're really in tune with the challenge they face and because they face them every day. They don't try and shy away from big problems right under their noses." This premise forms the basis of The Culture Code and for the next hour we talked culture with Coyle with a view to unearthing some practical tips for the rest of us.
Coyle says: "He connected over a specific action and he did it in a way that wasn't feedback like 'nice decision there'; it was 'I love to watch you play' and you can see the relationship and confidence build in real time.
Going back to San Antonio, Coyle explains that Popovich, his coaches and the players will dine together more often than the players will eat with their families. "At the end of the year the team will present the players with an album of menus and wine lists; those meals are treated as a special time that connects the whole person.
"They approach communications with a huge amount of intent; they're thinking about the concepts that are being delivered, they're thinking exactly how to word it; should I be funny? Should I push them a little bit? Should I have someone else do it? They really approach communication as if it's both an art and a science.
Great leaders, Coyle explains, also use the first day as a defining moment. "One of the most important moments is when we first arrive at an organisation, when our brains are deciding if we're in or out. If it clicked it's because you felt a connection." This can be particularly important in teams drawn from any number of different places. Coyle says that successful organisations seize on that first day, using their team's story to generate a sense of meaning, purpose and connection.
In The Culture Code, Coyle launches an extensive exploration of vulnerability, both in leaders and those being led. He found that strong cultures do not hide their weaknesses, rather, they make a habit of sharing them so that they can improve together.
Why vulnerability? "Vulnerability is how human beings cooperate," he responds, adding, "we often think that trust will spend time together but that's not how it actually happens. Trust only happens when there's a mutual signal passing back and forth that says I am open; I am going to show you my weakness and you are going to respond by doing the same." Our mind returns to Kerr's words for Curry – "I'd love to feel whatever you're feeling right now"; he may be a multi NBA-winning coach but here he was admitting he never reached the same heights as his star player.
He goes on to cite the example of Dave Cooper, the US Navy SEAL whom he describes in The Culture Code as "a combination of Vince Lombardi and Jason Bourne". Cooper led the mission to assassinate Osama bin Laden in March 2011 but he is never afraid of admitting his fallibility. "He says the four most important words that any leader can say is 'I screwed that up' – it's a hell of a thing to say.
"Stories are the way that humans in a group choose direction," explains Coyle. "If you don't have a story you don't know what you're about; a story helps us organise thoughts and choose priorities." There is a rock and a sledgehammer encased in glass at the Spurs' practice facility for all and sundry to see.
The Spurs also support their story with an intentional alignment of language and actions, such as the manner in which they refer to individual skills sessions as 'vitamins'. Coyle says: "It's a far superior way to describe what's going on than a 'drill', which sends the signal that you just need to repeat and be like a machine. That's not what they're looking for; they're looking for someone to grow and get stronger, like a vitamin would make you stronger.
No organisation claims to have cracked the code – and therein lies the secret.
The Culture Code: The Secrets of Highly Successful Groups is available now from Penguin Random House.
Are you more Bill Belichick or Pep Guardiola?
In The Culture Code, Daniel Coyle discusses leading for high-proficiency ("[helping] a group deliver a well-defined, reliable performance") and leading for high-creativity ("helping the group create something new"). Both are common in sport. "The sport will determine your balance of proficiency and creativity," he tells the Leaders Performance Institute.
He contrasts Belichick with Manchester City Head Coach Pep Guardiola, who is noted for pushing the boundaries of soccer and creating teams renowned for their aesthetic quality. "Bill Belichick and Pep Guardiola are different as coaches because Pep needs the creativity; there's some proficiency there but he's creating an environment where people feel supported to explore, learn and get better every day.
"When leading for proficiency you want to lead like a lighthouse beam; you want to send a really clear message of knowing exactly what to do. You need to really define what the right way is and what the wrong way is and how to respond to the problem.
"But if you're Pep Guardiola you want to lead more like an expedition leader; a summit of Mount Everest. You want to make sure your people are supported and you want to celebrate when they have a success. You don't necessarily want to lay out exactly how to do it because they are going to be the ones doing the discovering.
Daniel Coyle talks us through his new book The Culture Code and the secrets of high performing environments.


text:
The James Bond Reviews - Page 3
The Timothy Dalton Era
Timothy Dalton brought gritty realism to the character of James Bond nearly twenty years before Daniel Craig, and in just two movies, he changed the franchise forever, in ways we're still seeing today. He never tries to imitate Connery or Moore--in fact, it seems more like he's trying to imitate the literary Bond--and thus, he comes across as a more refined and emotionally-centered character. None of his predecessors could have exactly matched his performances, and the franchise's first real foray into a darker, more realistic view of the world would have fallen flat without Dalton. Not even Connery gives Bond as much of a dark side beneath the surface, despite multiple opportunities in his films to do so. Still, Dalton's not as charming as either Connery or Moore, at times he feels a bit awkward, and with only two movies to call his own, he never really has the chance to perfect a unique style of his own.
THE LIVING DAYLIGHTS
Theme Song: "The Living Daylights" by A-Ha
Villains: Georgi Koskov, Brad Whitaker
Henchman: Necros
Bond girl: Kara Milovy
THE JIST: An apparent defector, Georgi Koskov, reveals to MI6 that the new head of the KGB is systematically assassinating Western agents. However, when Koskov is seemingly recovered from right under their noses, Bond suspects it is all an elaborate lie to hide a different crime and goes all the way to war-torn Afghanistan to prove it.
THE VERDICT: The Living Daylights adheres to a few too many Bond tropes to be a reinvention, but it's nonetheless a much more sophisticated movie than most of its predecessors. The plot is a complex spy yarn without being convoluted; Bond actually courts the girl throughout the movie, and they both show affection that is earned and feels genuine; and there is a more nuanced appreciation for global politics (from a 21st Century perspective, it's a little uncomfortable to think of the Afghan Mujihadeen as the good guys). Still, the action scenes aren't the most memorable; the villains are still on the cartoonish side; and the gadget-equipped car is a bit too silly for this particular story. That said, it's a much-needed breath of fresh air for the series, taking its cues more from From Russia with Love than from Goldfinger.
Theme Song: "Licence to Kill" by Gladys Knight
Villain: Franz Sanchez
Henchmen: Dario, Milton Krest
Bond girls: Pam Bouvier, Lupe Lamora
THE JIST: When 007's long-time friend Felix Leiter is visciously tortured and his new wife killed on their wedding night, James Bond resigns from MI6 and goes outside the law to enact vengeance on the drug kingpin responsible.
THE VERDICT: Though it plays out like a typical 80's action flick (complete with Michael Kamen score), this movie actually charts new territory for the cinematic Bond by bringing in a lot more of the moral ambiguity of the literary Bond. In essence, in this story, Bond is a straight-up murderer, and it strains believability that MI6 would welcome him back to the fold after this rogue escapade. The story is an effective meditation on revenge and power, and it blurs the lines between villain and hero. However, it's held back by its Bond-ness, by its need to fit into the standard model. On one hand, it does an excellent job with the spy intrigue and action set pieces (a few questionable semi truck stunts notwithstanding) and Q is wonderful with his larger role here, but on the other, the fact that Bond has the focus and desire to romance not one but two girls while quipping dryly in the midst of his quiet rage-filled vengeance mission feels discordant. Dalton is excellent as the darker, grittier Bond, but his attempts to mimic the stylings of his predecessor don't really work. That said, this is still one of the greatest and most daring films in the Bond canon, and it's a damn shame Dalton didn't get more Bond films under his belt to more fully flesh out his take on the character.
The Pierce Brosnan Era
Pierce Brosnan is possibly the best all-around James Bond so far. He's got the charm of Roger Moore, the ruthlessness of Sean Connery, and the dark side of Timothy Dalton. He also has a good sense of delivery: his jokes are self-deprecating, his serious moments are deserved, and his need for romantic connection is tangible. As an actor, I daresay Brosnan beats them all. Unfortunately, his Bond movies never quite deliver on his potential or exploit his range. Brosnan has great moments in each of his movies where he is trying to squeeze as much as he can from a promising scene, but the producers are content to fill his movies with zaniness, probably because the Timothy Dalton era was seen, at the time, as a failed experiment. The Brosnan era Bond films are still daring for their attempts to modernize the franchise, and if nothing else, Goldeneye will always be remembered as one of Bond's best.
Theme Song: "Goldeneye" by Tina Turner
Villain: Alec Trevelyan
Henchmen: Xenia Onatopp, General Ourumov
Bond girl: Natalya Simonova
THE JIST: Following the end of the Cold War, Bond tracks the Janus Crime Syndicate as it hijacks a helicopter and a secretive Russian EMP weapon codenamed Goldeneye. After his failure to stop Janus, things only get worse for Bond when he learns the identity of the syndicate's leader: Alec Trevelyan, an old friend and fellow MI6 agent he thought had died nine years earlier.
THE VERDICT: A fairly ridiculous, plot-hole-riddled story is well disguised by a breakneck pace, jaw-dropping action sequences, and excellent acting. Sean Bean is perfectly cast in his prototypical friend-turned-traitor role, and of course Judi Dench is Earth-shatteringly awesome as the first female M. This one invites audiences to have fun, and it works really well. It comes off as fresh and new, without losing the charm that made Bond so popular in the first place.
Theme Song: "Tomorrow Never Dies" by Sheryl Crow
Villain: Elliot Carver
Henchmen: Mr. Stamper, Henry Gupta, Dr. Kaufman
Bond girls: Paris Carver, Wai Lin
THE JIST: Media mogul Elliot Carver plans to start a war between Great Britain and China in order to acquire global broadcast rights for his Carver Media Group Network, which he will use to shape current events and control the world for his own profit. Bond is sent to investigate Carver, and he works with Chinese intelligence to find Carver's secret stealth boat and stop him before China and Great Britain begin fighting.
THE VERDICT: While it follows the same basic formula as Goldeneye, Tomorrow Never Dies is not as successful. The pacing is uneven, the writing is sloppy and heavy-handed, the directing is overly melodramatic, and the tone is generally confused throughout. Worst of all is Jonathan Pryce's hammy turn as Elliot Carver, an exceptionally over-the-top villain. However, there is still much to like: the action continues to be strong and inventive; Michelle Yeoh is awesome; and Teri Hatcher has a surprisingly good role in Paris Carver, an old flame of Bond's who is now married to the villain. Brosnan also gets his best and darkest scene when he executes Dr. Kaufman. Overall, it's a significant step down from Goldeneye, but still pretty entertaining.
Theme Song: "The World is Not Enough" by Garbage
Villains: Renard, Elektra King
Henchman: Mr. Bullion
Bond girl: Dr. Christmas Jones
THE JIST: When deadly KGB-agent-turned-terrorist Renard manages to detonate a bomb inside MI6 headquarters, killing a close personal friend of M named Sir Robert King and nearly killing M herself, a physically compromised Bond is sent to protect King's daughter and former kidnapping victim of Renard, Elektra. He soon discovers that Elektra is more involved in events than anyone believes and that she and Renard have plans to blow up a nuclear submarine off the coast of Istanbul. Before he can convince MI6 of any of this, Elektra then kidnaps M.
THE VERDICT: More competently made than any other Brosnan flick, this is an easily overlooked gem. It has a more methodical pace than its immediate predecessors and is weighed down by an unnecessarily convoluted plot, but it is still remarkably intelligent in its storytelling. The action scenes are largely forgettable at best--memorable for their bad visual effects if nothing else--and Denise Richards as a hardened nuclear physicist is an exercise in extremely bad casting. That said, making a woman one of the primary villains is a nice twist to the Bond formula, as is putting M directly into the action with her own emotional stakes. Brosnan is at his best here as well, full of simmering emotion and perfectly timed quips. While Goldeneye will always be a favorite because of its gleeful fun and its great action sequences, The World is Not Enough is a real contender for the best Brosnan era Bond film.
Theme Song: "Die Another Day" by Madonna
Villain: Gunter Graves
Henchmen: Zao, Miranda Frost
Bond girl: Giancinta "Jinx" Johnson
THE JIST: After spending fourteen months in North Korean captivity, James Bond returns home only to learn that his double-0 status has been revoked. He then escapes custody and goes in search of answers, crossing paths with NSA agent "Jinx" Johnson as they both track revolutionary DNA-altering, face-switching technology to wealthy entrepeneur Gustav Graves, who is far more than he appears to be.
THE VERDICT: It's hard to pinpoint at which point this movie jumps over the frozen shark in a cloaked car, crashes through an ice palace, and then parasurfs through some bad CGI while a face-switched bad guy hellbent on dominating South Korea uses an electric mech suit to control a giant space laser, but it's clear that this is, hands down, the most cartoonish Bond movie of them all. It's also full of lazy writing, painfully bad dialogue, and of course, a gracelessly aging Madonna as a fencing instructor. I have tried desperately to find something to like about Die Another Day, but it's so unbearably awful I have a hard time understanding how so many people were willing to have their names put in the film's credits. No wonder this nearly killed the franchise.
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Top 10 James Bond Theme Songs
Top 5 Best & Worst James Bond Villains
Top 5 Bond Girls & Henchmen
Slasher Summer: The Halloween Reviews
The Godzilla Reviews


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text:
using namespace PaintsNow;

static bool WriteBaseObject(IStreamBase& stream, Unique typeID, Unique refTypeID, void* ptr, size_t size) {
	singleton Unique strType = UniqueType<String>::Get();
	singleton Unique byteBufferType = UniqueType<Bytes>::Get();
	bool result = true;
	if (typeID != refTypeID) { // pointer
		IReflectObjectComplex*& object = *reinterpret_cast<IReflectObjectComplex**>(ptr);
		stream << ((object != nullptr) ? object->GetUnique()->GetName() : "");
		if (object != nullptr) {
			return *object >> stream;
		} else {
			return true;
		}
	} else if (typeID == strType) {
		String* str = reinterpret_cast<String*>(ptr);
		if (stream << (uint64_t)str->size()) {
			if (!str->empty()) {
				size_t s = str->size();
				if (!stream.WriteBlock(str->data(), s)) {
					result = false;
				}
			}
		} else {
			result = false;
		}
	} else if (typeID == byteBufferType) {
		Bytes* buffer = reinterpret_cast<Bytes*>(ptr);
		size_t size = buffer->GetSize();
		if (stream << (uint64_t)size) {
			if (size != 0) {
				if (!stream.WriteBlock(buffer->GetData(), size)) {
					result = false;
				}
			}
		} else {
			result = false;
		}
	} else {
		if (!stream.WriteBlock(ptr, size)) {
			result = false;
		}
	}

	return result;
}

static bool ReadBaseObject(IStreamBase& stream, Unique typeID, Unique refTypeID, void* ptr, size_t size) {
	singleton Unique strType = UniqueType<String>::Get();
	singleton Unique byteBufferType = UniqueType<Bytes>::Get();
	bool result = true;
	if (typeID != refTypeID) {
		IReflectObjectComplex*& object = *reinterpret_cast<IReflectObjectComplex**>(ptr);
		String typeName;
		stream >> typeName;
		if (typeName.size() != 0) {
			Unique unique(typeName);
			assert((bool)unique);
			if ((bool)unique && unique->IsCreatable()) {
				object = static_cast<IReflectObjectComplex*>(unique->Create());
				assert(!object->IsBasicObject());
				*object << stream;
				return true;
			} else {
				return false; // object not found
			}
		} else {
			return true;
		}
	} else if (typeID == strType) {
		uint64_t length;
		if (stream >> length) {
			String* str = reinterpret_cast<String*>(ptr);
			if (length < (size_t)-1) {
				str->resize((size_t)length);
				if (length != 0) {
					size_t s = (size_t)length;
					if (!stream.ReadBlock(const_cast<char*>(str->data()), s)) {
						result = false;
					}
				}
			} else {
				result = false;
			}
		} else {
			result = false;
		}
	} else if (typeID == byteBufferType) {
		uint64_t length;
		if (stream >> length) {
			Bytes* buffer = reinterpret_cast<Bytes*>(ptr);
			if (length < (size_t)-1) {
				buffer->Resize(verify_cast<size_t>(length));
				if (length != 0) {
					size_t s = verify_cast<size_t>(length);
					if (!stream.ReadBlock(buffer->GetData(), s)) {
						result = false;
					}
				}
			} else {
				result = false;
			}
		} else {
			result = false;
		}
	} else {
		if (!stream.ReadBlock(ptr, size)) {
			result = false;
		}
	}

	return result;
}

// this class is not mult-thread safe
template <bool read>
class Reflect : public IReflect {
public:
	Reflect(IStreamBase& s) : IReflect(true, false), stream(s), result(true) {}
	void Property(IReflectObject& s, Unique typeID, Unique refTypeID, const char* name, void* base, void* ptr, const MetaChainBase* meta) override {
		if (!result)
			return;

		singleton Unique metaRuntime = UniqueType<MetaRuntime>::Get();
		const MetaStreamPersist* customPersist = nullptr;

		// check serialization chain
		while (meta != nullptr) {
			// runtime data can not be serialized
			if (meta->GetNode()->GetUnique() == metaRuntime) {
				return;
			} else {
				const MetaStreamPersist* persistHelper = meta->GetNode()->QueryInterface(UniqueType<MetaStreamPersist>());
				if (persistHelper != nullptr) {
					customPersist = persistHelper;
				}
			}

			meta = meta->GetNext();
		}

		size_t size = typeID->GetSize();
		if (s.IsBasicObject()) {
			if (read) {
				if (customPersist != nullptr) {
					if (!customPersist->Read(stream, ptr)) {
						result = false;
					}
				} else {
					if (!ReadBaseObject(stream, typeID, refTypeID, ptr, size)) {
						result = false;
					}
				}
			} else {
				if (customPersist != nullptr) {
					if (!customPersist->Write(stream, ptr)) {
						result = false;
					}
				} else {
					if (!WriteBaseObject(stream, typeID, refTypeID, ptr, size)) {
						result = false;
					}
				}
			}
		} else if (s.IsIterator()) {
			IIterator& it = static_cast<IIterator&>(s);
			uint64_t count;
			if (read) {
				if (stream >> count) {
					it.Initialize((size_t)count);
				} else {
					result = false;
					return;
				}
			} else {
				count = (uint64_t)it.GetTotalCount();
				if (!(stream << count)) {
					result = false;
					return;
				}
			}

			Unique type = it.GetElementUnique();
			bool isPointer = typeID != refTypeID;

			if (it.IsElementBasicObject()) {
				while (it.Next()) {
					void* ptr = it.Get();
					size_t length = type->GetSize();
					if (customPersist != nullptr) {
						if (read) {
							if (!customPersist->Read(stream, ptr)) {
								result = false;
							}
						} else {
							if (!customPersist->Write(stream, ptr)) {
								result = false;
							}
						}
					} else {
						if (!isPointer) {
							length *= (size_t)count;
							if (read) {
								if (!stream.ReadBlock(ptr, length)) {
									result = false;
									return;
								}
							} else {
								if (!stream.WriteBlock(ptr, length)) {
									result = false;
									return;
								}
							}

							break; // fast fast fast
						} else {
							// the same as object(*this); but more faster.
							if (read) {
								if (!ReadBaseObject(stream, type, refTypeID, ptr, length)) {
									result = false;
								}
							} else {
								if (!WriteBaseObject(stream, type, refTypeID, ptr, length)) {
									result = false;
								}
							}
						}
					}
				}
			} else {
				while (it.Next()) {
					if (customPersist != nullptr) {
						void* ptr = it.Get();
						if (read) {
							if (!customPersist->Read(stream, ptr)) {
								result = false;
							}
						} else {
							if (!customPersist->Write(stream, ptr)) {
								result = false;
							}
						}
					} else {
						(*reinterpret_cast<IReflectObject*>(it.Get()))(*this);
					}
				}
			}
		} else {
			s(*this); // continue to reflect sub fields
		}
	}
	void Method(const char* name, const TProxy<>* p, const IReflect::Param& retValue, const std::vector<IReflect::Param>& params, const MetaChainBase* meta) override {}

	bool GetResult() const { return result; }

private:
	IStreamBase& stream;
	bool result;
};

IStreamBase::IStreamBase() : environment(nullptr) {}
IStreamBase::~IStreamBase() {}

bool IStreamBase::Truncate(uint64_t length) {
	return false; // not supported
}

size_t IStreamBase::Printf(const char* format, ...) {
	char buffer[4096];

	va_list va;
	va_start(va, format);
#ifdef _WIN32
	int n = _vsnprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), format, va);
#else
	int n = vsnprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), format, va);
#endif
	va_end(va);

	if (n < 0) {
		return 0;
	}

	size_t len = (size_t)n;
	if (Write(buffer, len)) {
		return len;
	} else {
		return 0;
	}
}

IStreamBase& IStreamBase::GetBaseStream() {
	return *this;
}

bool IStreamBase::WriteForward(const IReflectObject& a, Unique type, Unique refTypeID, void* ptr, size_t length) {
	if (a.IsBasicObject()) {
		return WriteBaseObject(*this, type, refTypeID, ptr, length);
	} else {
		return const_cast<IReflectObject&>(a) >> *this;
	}
}

bool IStreamBase::ReadForward(const IReflectObject& a, Unique type, Unique refTypeID, void* ptr, size_t length) {
	if (a.IsBasicObject()) {
		return ReadBaseObject(*this, type, refTypeID, ptr, length);
	} else {
		return const_cast<IReflectObject&>(a) << *this;
	}
}

bool IStreamBase::Write(IReflectObject& a, Unique type, void* ptr, size_t length) {
	assert(!a.IsBasicObject());
	Reflect<false> reflect(*this);
	reflect.Property(a, type, type, "(nullptr)", ptr, ptr, nullptr);
	return reflect.GetResult();
}

bool IStreamBase::Read(IReflectObject& a, Unique type, void* ptr, size_t length) {
	assert(!a.IsBasicObject());
	Reflect<true> reflect(*this);
	reflect.Property(a, type, type, "(nullptr)", ptr, ptr, nullptr);
	return reflect.GetResult();
}

void IStreamBase::SetEnvironment(IReflectObject& object) {
	environment = &object;
}

IReflectObject& IStreamBase::GetEnvironment() {
	static IReflectObject nullObject;
	return environment == nullptr ? nullObject : *environment;
}

StreamBaseMeasure::StreamBaseMeasure(IStreamBase& base) : stream(base), transition(0) {}

void StreamBaseMeasure::Flush() {
	stream.Flush();
}

bool StreamBaseMeasure::Read(void* p, size_t& len) {
	bool result = stream.Read(p, len);
	transition += len;
	return result;
}

bool StreamBaseMeasure::Write(const void* p, size_t& len) {
	bool result = stream.Write(p, len);
	transition += len;
	return result;
}

bool StreamBaseMeasure::Transfer(IStreamBase& s, size_t& len) {
	bool result = stream.Transfer(s, len);
	transition += len;
	return result;
}

bool StreamBaseMeasure::WriteDummy(size_t& len) {
	bool result = stream.WriteDummy(len);
	transition += len;
	return result;
}

bool StreamBaseMeasure::Seek(SEEK_OPTION option, int64_t offset) {
	bool result = stream.Seek(option, offset);
	assert(option == SEEK_OPTION::CUR);
	transition += offset;
	return result;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Walsall 0-2 Coventry: Match Report - view commentary, squad, and statistics of the game as it happened.City leave Walsall in their wakeGoals from skipper Jim O'Brien and Marcus Tudgay saw Coventry win 2-0 at Walsall, who slipped to a second successive home defeat.The Saddlers tried hard to recover from a bad start, but the Sky Blues, who also missed a penalty, survived heavy second-half pressure before adding a second and clinching goal three minutes from the end of normal time.Coventry had made a tremendous start in which they missed a penalty and scored a brilliant goal in the opening six minutes.Romaine Sawyers brought down Jim O'Brien in the fourth minute only for home goalkeeper Richard O'Donnell to block a fierce spot kick from Tudgay.But two minutes later skipper O'Brien put the Sky Blues ahead with a stunning angled drive from 25 yards which flew into the top corner.Walsall tried to get back in the game, but Coventry went close to increasing their lead when Tudgay headed against the crossbar and O'Donnell made fine saves from John Fleck and Matthew Pennington.Anthony Forde and Michael Cain hit the post for the Saddlers in a hectic second half before Tudgay ended the contest by heading a second goal for the Sky Blues from O'Brien's corner in the 87th minute
Source : PA


The Department of Forensic Medicine was established in 1966 at the J.N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh. It offer courses leading to the award of MBBS and MD degrees. Facilities exist for Ph.D research work. Most of the research is done by the teachers and post graduate students. However, during the last five year plans scanty funds were provided to the department for strengthening the existing research infrastructure. Many Ph. D students from outside the department enjoy the benefit of research infrastructure after obtaining prior permission.
In the XIIth Five Year Plan emphasis has been placed on building for faculty staff and research facilities in pursuance of the strong emphasis laid down by the Medical Council of India in their inspection visits time and again. Similarly deficiencies for post graduate education are to be fulfilled. It is, therefore, decided to develop research labs covering multiple scientific areas. These are not mutually, exclusive. Besides these the deficiencies as per Medical Council of India requirement for under graduate education (150 admissions) and for post graduate education 2001 are to be met as first priority.The M.D degree was recognised vide MCI letter No.40(22)/2009/Med dated 20.01.2010.
different organs of Albino rats .Aligarh AMU 1988.
Study of occupational realated lead toxicity in lock factory workers in District Aligarh. Aligarh, 1998.


Moleskine's Kindle 4 & Paperwhite Cover in pink. The case has rounded corners and an elastic enclosure to match the cover and has a padded suede lining and a hard cover for ultimate protection. The corner elastics and inner frame hold the e-reader in place. Also includes a Volant reporter notebook with 96 plain pages of acid-free paper. Refill notebooks sold separately.


The book was a collection short stories are set in the early 20th century. Many take place in New York City and deal for the most part with ordinary people: clerks, policemen, waitresses, etc. and to this day I believe this book of fascinating stories gave me the special interest I have had all my life for compiling stories of fellow Wulfrunians. Now it has been said; that to a true Wulfrunian , there is no district so important or so interesting as his own town and in particular the area in which he grew up.
Over these next few weeks I hope to draw upon a my long memory and post a selection of short stories from my early life around our Mother Church, of St Peter. Hopefully giving an impression of how progress has changed the face of the Wolverhampton I knew.
May 1937 the town was profusely decorated for this special event.
12th May 1937. Although the World was going through uncertain times, Japan marching through China, Wars in Spain, troubles in Germany, England though was the exception itself enjoying happy times. The weather was fine and the flags were out in all the villages towns and cities, as they were here in Wolverhampton for the Coronation of George VI the unlikely Monarch.
And the Beginning of my journey through life started just a few days later in Bath Road, on the 23rd during that special month of May.
Now, what do we know about Bath Road?
Well in the 1850's Subscription Baths were built on a piece of waste ground adjoining the racecourse including private baths and two warm water swimming pools (until then the only facilities for the poor in town had been the likes of gravel pits and the canals). Access to the them was provided by the main road to the racecourse which became Bath Road, and a small connecting road which became Bath Avenue.
As you can see by this evocative photo circa 1910 Bath Road was an elegant thoroughfare.
All attired in their Sunday best, Coming from a church service in town or just a pleasant afternoon stroll down to our lovely West Park.
When this photograph was taken Bath Road was full of fine Victorian residences built for well off Wulfrunians, It led down from Darlington Street to Chapel Ash and was the main road out to the western suburbs. Many tree lined streets adjoined it at that time including Clarence Road, Birch Street, Lynton Street, Albany Road, Horsman Street, Lovatt Street and Meadow Street and these seven street were just on the South side.
Also on that same side were four fine buildings, The Welsh Chapel, The Queen Victoria Nursing Home, Wolverhampton and Dudley Breweries and Charles Clarks Carriage Works. And this is how it would remain for another 50 years through two World Wars. Until that fateful day in June 1968 when the ill conceived on going ring-road cut its path across Bath Road and joined with Waterloo Road.
Well, why this interest in Bath Road?
Looking from just above Birch Street on the right of Bath Road on this early spring day in the late 1960', local Wholesale grocers, Kidson's distinguished house on the left across Waterloo Road, stands proudly on the corner of Whitmore Hill , and provides a fitting backdrop on this Victorian parade up Wadham's Hill into North Street.
Clarence Road on the right in those days ran for two hundred yards parallel with Waterloo Road until it joined its namesake Clarence Street which took you left into Waterloo Road or right into Lovatt Street and Chapel Ash.
This institution is supported by voluntary contributions, to provide nurses(free of charge)and certified midwives for nursing of sick poor and necessitous cases, irrespective of creed, in their own homes No's 1 and 2 Bath Road has been equipped as a Maternity home with nine beds.
I I was born on the 23rd May 1937, and was often told, it was the day that "Mid-day Sun" won the Derby. But in actual fact, it was first past the post a couple of days later, the day dad came to collect my mother and I from the nursing home in Bath Road, and take us the short walk up Wadhams Hill , across North Street, and down to the Londes to our terraced house in Nursery Street.
I was baptised in our family church of St Peter and Pauls, Paternoster Row, North Street in September 1937.
78 years have gone by now since that morning in church, and as I look back today I am so thankful my memory has lasted longer than my dreams.
My name is Bill , I used to walk up Wadhams Hill to get to my home that was near.
I can't do that today they've swept it all away, along with the streets I held dear.
Over the next few weeks I shall tell you about the demise of North Street before all the character was sucked from it.
"There used to be a playground" in the shadow of St Peter's.
« Déjà Vu Perhaps ?
Excellent reading Billy – I was born 1939 in Willenhall but I started work in Waterloo Road in 1955 so the area which is the subject of your story is well known to me and I can remember all of the buildings and streets you mention which were still in existence at that time. The rear of our office backed on to Clarence Street and we used to play football in the street during our lunchtimes. Much of my working life was spent at various offices in Waterloo Road and in fact I was still working there when I retired in 2003.
I'll go for Auctioneers, Insurance, Solicitors, Estate Agents in that order.
Thank you for the comments and please join our forum or better still, our Facebook group Lost Wolverhampton.
Hi Billy – Thanks for your reply – You were right with insurance. I was fortunate enough to spend the whole of my working life (apart from NS) in Wolverhampton whereas most in my profession had to eventually move to Birmingham. Due to the extra travel time it was always my ambitions never to have to move and in fact I left 2 jobs to avoid it when my employers closed their Wolverhampton offices down. Best things I never did!


You can now participate privately via Facebook! Contact us with the email address you use on your profile to be added.
There will be no group on June 7th.
Join us in honoring our friends – furry, feathered, scaly, four-legged and two-legged alike – who have left their indelible mark on our hearts. Activities will include group discussions, sharing stories, guest speakers, creating memorials, and more. The specific activities depend on the interests of the group! The third week of each month will be focused on providing support to those coping with or anticipating the loss of an animal friend. Ages 12 and up* welcome!
There is no charge to attend, although we will gratefully accept a suggested $5 donation to cover our costs.
Call 808-435-3006, Extension 7 or email support@armsofaloha.com to RSVP by noon on the day of the group meeting.
*Minors must be accompanied by a parent or guardian.
**Late arrivals are OK. Please be aware that the building is locked at 6pm.
We meet on Thursdays unless otherwise noted.


Children's Computer Game Site: Free Online Kids Games. Free downloadable, online educational games, math games, board games, quizzes & jigsaw puzzles. Kids Online Games: Online Colouring Activity for Kids. Have Fun!
Free Animal Coloring Activity for Kids: On the right side you have a color palette to choose from. Select the color with your mouse and then click on the picture. The part of the picture or any element of it you click on will be colored in the color you have selected. Be creative. After you have colored the picture click the PRINT button at the bottom right corner and you can print out the picture.
Also see our online Christmas coloring pages, Tom and Jerry coloring sheet, Painting Activity and 5 in 1 coloring page. Alphabet color - in worksheets - teach your child the alphabet with these fun images.


I again had a look at Rob's proposal for a RDF vocabulary for profiles  and added a graph to the Application-Profiles Wiki page  showing how I understand the DCAT-AP example. I hope this is useful for the discussion.
Then I created three issues related to the Profile Guidance Document. The first is a proposal for the document structure  and the two others are about terminology: Do we call the implementation of a profile using a certain technology (e. g. a SHACL document or an XML Schema) a "schema" and how do we define that term  and "What is a formalism" .
Next message: Karen Coyle: "Re: [dxwg] Proposal for the structure of the "Guidance for Application Profiles" document"
Previous message: kcoyle via GitHub: "Re: [dxwg] Proposal for the structure of the "Guidance for Application Profiles" document"
Next in thread: Peter.Winstanley@gov.scot: "RE: Discussion points for the Profiles Guidance Document"
Reply: Peter.Winstanley@gov.scot: "RE: Discussion points for the Profiles Guidance Document"


text:
2017 Pre Meet
Taylor soars, Crouser throws to memorable performances
Action both on the track and in the field made for an exciting weekend of competition at the Prefontaine Classic Friday evening and Saturday, marking the third stop in this year's IAAF Diamond League.
Setting the tone on Saturday, local favorite Ryan Crouser and two-time Olympic champion Christian Taylor were simply amazing, each putting up memorable performances at historic Hayward Field.
For Taylor, another epic battle between himself and fellow American Will Claye took place. Taylor jumped to an early lead with a leap of 17.82m on his first jump, a mark Claye would match on his fourth attempt, leaving the two athletes in a tie with three jumps to go for Taylor and two left for Claye.
With the crowd on their feet, Taylor got everyone in the stadium clapping for his fourth attempt, and as he floated down the runway, his rhythm was in step. Hitting the board, Taylor exploded into the air, soaring, kicking and landing at 18.11m, taking over the lead and recording the third farthest jump in history, only behind Taylor's own American record of 18.21m and the world record of 18.29m.
Crouser, going head-to-head against his fellow Rio medalists Tom Walsh and Joe Kovacs, threw 21.89m and 21.88m on his first and third throws. It wasn't until his fifth throw that he unleashed a 22.43m toss, which not only kept him in first place but also broke the meeting and Hayward Field record. Crouser led a quartet of men who finished with finishing marks over 21 meters.
Just as things were heating up in the field events, action on the track was firing up the crowd. In the mens 5000m, Olympic champion Mo Farah used his patented kick to edge the field, nearly eclipsing the 13-minute mark with a 13:00.70 time. Farah, challenged for much of the race by a strong contingent of competition, flew over the final 400 meters to show he's still the class of world-wide distance running.
Elsewhere on the track, Caster Semenya outlasted Margaret Wambui in the women's 800m, as the two battled to a 1:57.78-1:57.88 finish. In the men's 100 meters, Ronnie Baker upset a strong and talented field with a fantastic mark of 9.86. While the +2.4 wind reading keeps the mark from being a world-leading time, beating the likes of Justin Gatlin, Andre De Grasse and others sets Baker up as the man to beat in upcoming IAAF Diamond League action.
In the field events, Maria Lasitskene, competing as a neutral athlete, won the women's high jump on a stacked field of competition in a world-leading mark of 2.03m, setting a new Hayward Field record. Perfect through 1.95m, Lasitskene missed on her first attempt at 1.98m, but made the second, raising the bar to 2.03m. After missing her first two attempts, Lasitskene wowed the crowd by ever so slightly clearing the bar, bringing the crowd to their feet.
In the short hurdle events, Jasmine Stowers and Omar McLeod won the day with victories in the 100m and 110m hurdles. Stowers beat the field with her winning time of 12.59, as Americans swept places 1-7. For McLeod, he challenged the 13-second barrier yet again, coming up just short with a 13.01 finish.
Back on the track, Tori Bowie got off to an impressive start in the women's 200 meters and used strong turn running to run away to a 21.77 world-leading mark. Not only did Bowie beat reigning Olympic gold and silver medalists Elaine Thompson and Dafne Schippers, but also edged Rio 400m champion Shaunae Miller-Uibo and the Allyson Felix.
Rounding out the weekend's competition, Kenyan Ronald Kwemoi won the Bowerman Mile, outlasting a tremendous field to win 3:49.04-3:49.08 over countryman Elijah Manangoi.
On Friday evening, Brittney Reese and Tatsiana Khaladovich won their respective IAAF Diamond League events. Reese jumped a world-leading 7.01m mark to win the women's long jump, once again showing her dominance in the event on a big stage, while Khaladovich upset an impressive field in the women's javelin with a 66.30m winning throw.
For Dibaba, a world record attempt on her sister's 5000m world record was the focus, and while the early pacing was spot on, by 3000m it was clear the Ethiopian standout was going to be hard pressed to break the record. Despite falling off pace, Dibaba continued to drive, never looking back - ultimately finishing in 14:25.22.
The 2017 Prefontaine Classic once again brought the best athletes in track and field to Eugene, putting on a show for those in attendance and the countless fans across the world tuning in. A nearly unending string of personal bests, world-leading marks and upset performances made this edition of the IAAF Diamond League meeting one for the ages.
Chespol breaks Hayward Field steeplechase record
Celliphine Chepteek Chespol, the 18-year-old Kenyan sensation, became the second-fastest 3,000-meter steeplechase performer ever with 8:58.78 Chespol broke the Hayward Field and meet record and was at the front of a very fast race that saw four women go under 9:10, including U.S. bronze medalist Emma Coburn, who logged 9:07.96 for the second-fastest time of her career.On the track, Celliphine Chespol and Genzebe Dibaba eah put on a show in front of the Hayward Field faithful. Chespol ran much of the women's 3000m steeplechase with fellow countrywoman Beatrice Chepkoech and world record holder Ruth Jebet. Through six laps the athletes ran stride for stride, well clear of the rest of the field. On the second-to-last water jump, Chespol led, hit the water, then the back of her right shoe came off, forcing her to stop.
With little time to make up, Chespol used the next 150 meters to catch back up to Chepkoech and Jebet, then used the surge of momentum to move by her competition. Retaking the lead, pushing the pace and coming back from behind put the fans in attendance on their feet, as Chespol ran a new Hayward Field record in 8:58.78. Chepkoech and Jebet finished second and third.
Chespol also beat world record holder and Olympic champion Ruth Jebet of Bahrain, who was third in 9:03.52. Kenyan Beatrice Chepkoech was second with a personal best 9:00.70.
Taylor, Claye wage epic battle in Pre triple jump
EUGENE -- Christian Taylor vs. Will Claye took over the Prefontaine Classic on Saturday at Hayward Field and delivered some of the most compelling moments in a star-studded meet bursting with stories.
Claye produced a short-lived Hayward Field triple jump record when landed in the pit at 58 feet, 5.75 inches (17.82m) on his fourth-round attempt.
Taylor, the two-time Olympic champion and a former University of Florida teammate, answered Claye on the very next jump with 59-5 (18.11m) -- the third-best mark in history and the farthest ever on U.S. soil. It was also the second-best jump of Taylor's life.
Claye came back in the fifth round with a bid to take the lead. He produced a lifetime-best 59-2.75 (18.08). That would have been the eighth-best jump in history if not for a +2.4 wind reading.
"Hayward Magic," Taylor said. "When you have Eugene like this you cannot waste the day. ...(Claye) is always pushing me. He always wants to fight."
A picture-perfect day produced a string of results that set the table for the run-up to the IAAF World Championships in August in London.
British running icon Mo Farah, of the Nike Oregon Project, gave the Eugene crowd a final, indelible memory in the 5,000 meters before announcing that it was his final track race in the U.S.
Farah kicked away from his challengers in the final 200 meters to run 13:00.70 -- the fastest time in the world this year.
"It's hard to maintain year after year, and the year after that," Farah said.
Farah's legacy is cemented with double golds in the 5,000 and 10,000 at both the 2012 and 2016 Olympic Games.
His final race at Hayward Field, Farah said, was "emotional."
"This is where it started for me. In 2011, if you guys remember, it was my breakthrough year. I wasn't expected to win the race and I won and broke the British record," he said, referring to the Prefontaine Classic 10,000 he won that year.
"It gave me a massive boost of confidence."
American Tori Bowie ran a sensational time of 21.77 seconds to beat an Olympic final-caliber field in the women's 200 meters. She beat 400 gold medalist Shaunae Miller-Uibo (21.91), 100 and 200 gold medalist Elaine Thompson (21.98), 200 silver medalist Dafne Schippers (22.30) and nine-time Olympic medalist Allyson Felix (22.33).
High school pole vault prodigy Mondo Duplantis of Lafayette LA tantalized the crowed in a fourth-place finish that saw him just miss his final two attempts at 19-0.75.
"I wouldn't say (it was) the wrong pole, but maybe the wrong standards. I think if they were in one centimeter I would have made it," Duplantis said.
He finished with 18-8.75 (5.71m), once centimeter better than his father Greg's winning mark at the Pre Classic in 1992.
American Sam Kendricks pulled out a close victory over Frenchman Renaud Lavillenie for the victory with 19-2.75.
In the men's shot put, Ryan Crouser made a successful homecoming after winning the Olympic title last summer. A year ago, coming out of a grueling academic program at the University of Texas, Crouser came to the Pre Classic and had to buy competition gear from a local store. He placed sixth.
Crouser broke the meet record Saturday with 73-7.25 (22.43m), the second-best throw in the world this year.
"I feel big and strong," Crouser said. "Aesthetically, the throws weren't the prettiest."
Ashley Spencer won the women's 400-meter hurdles with a lifetime-best 53.38 seconds, edging out Shamier Little (53.44). Olympic champion Dalilah Muhammad was fifth.
Jasmin Stowers led a 1-7 all-U.S. result in the women's 100 hurdles with 12.59 seconds.
Olympic champion Omar McLeod ran a world-leading 13.01 in the men's 110-meter hurdles, while former Oregon star Devon Allen ran an encouraging 13.11 for third on his way back from knee surgery.
Maria Lasitskene, a Russian athlete competing as a neutral athlete, broke the Hayward Field record in the women's high jump, clearing 6-8 (2.03m).
In the international men's mile, 16-year-old Norwegian Jakob Ingebrigtsen became the youngest man to break the four-minute mark with 3:58.07 for 11th place. His older brother Henrik placed third in the same race and another brother, Filip, was eighth in the Bowerman Mile at the conclusion of the meet.
"He was born to run," Henrik said of his younger brother.
American prep D.J. Principe of La Salle RI fought to hold on at the tail end of the pack in the international race and finished in 4:00.73, a slight PR over his best indoor time from January.
Ronald Kwemoi was the day's fastest miler, winning the Bowerman race in 3:49.04, leading a 1-4 Kenyan sweep. Clayton Murphy was fifth with a PR 3:51.99.
Morolake Akinosun beat a strong field in the women's 100 meters in 10.94 seconds (2.1w). Ronnie Baker won the men's 100 in 9.86 (2.8w).
South African Caster Semenya won the 800 meters in 1:57.78 in an event where the Olympic medalists all finished in the top three.
Faith Kipyegon of Kenya won the women's 1,500 in 3:59.67.
Florida prep Tyrese Cooper ran a wind-legal best of 20.51 to win the Nike Elite Camp boys 200 meters. He was aiming to go a bit faster, but didn't get to go head to
head with Hakim Sani Brown, who scratched with a hip injury.
PRE MEET RANKS #1 IN THE WORLD
Eugene, Oregon – With the 2017 track & field athletics season in the books, the Prefontaine Classic has defended its title as the top-ranked invitational meet in the world. For the second consecutive year, and third time in 5 years, America's most famous invitational is at the top of the rankings calculated by All-Athletics.com, the official data services partner of the IAAF's top-tier international circuit, the IAAF Diamond League.and has to be certainly considered as one of the best Pre Classics ever. Held on May 26-27 at historic Hayward Field, this year's Prefontaine Classic outpointed all other IDL meets, as well as the more than 600 invitational meets held around the world in 2017.
The 2017 Pre, sponsored by NIKE, rates as one of the best-ever editions in terms of great marks and superb competitions. As proof, at this year's World Championships in London, athletes who had competed in the Pre Classic went on to win 23 gold medals (17 individual, 6 relay), 17 silver (14 individual, 3 relay), and 13 bronze medals (11 individual, 2 relay).
Five meet records were set at this year's Pre, none more thrilling than the titanic battle between Christian Taylor (59.5/18.11) and Will Claye (59-23/4/18.05) who both surpassed the old record held by Taylor. Celephine Chespol broke 9-minutes and set the women's steeplechase meet record (and Under-20 world mark) of 8:58.78, despite stopping to fix a wayward shoe. Ryan Crouser took down the 7-year-old shot put record with a throw of 73-71/4/ 22.43, Maria Lasitskene previewed her World Championships domination by clearing 6-8/2.03 in the high jump, and Tori Bowie surprised the greatest 200m field ever assembled in the United States with a 21.77 victory that stood up through the season's end as the year's fastest time.
The meet will also be remembered as the American track-racing farewell to the sport's biggest distance star. Great Britain's Mo Farah capped his string of successes at Hayward Field with a hard-fought 13:00.70 win in the 5000. Brittney Reese leaped over the elusive 7.00 meter mark in the long jump (23-0/7.01), Olympic Champion Omar McLeod set a world-leading mark of 13.01 in the high hurdles, Kenya's Ronald Kwemoi led 3 under 3:50 in Bowerman Mile (3:49.04) and Ashley Spencer of the U.S. ran a world-leader of 53.38 in the women's 400 hurdles.
This year's finish for the Prefontaine Classic was the 4th highest score in history for an invitational, and the Eugene IDL meet has now recorded 5 of the top 10 scores of all-time.
The final 2017 All-Athletics.com rankings:
In the Results Score category, which puts a value on the quality of the marks in the meet, Pre now has been No. 1 four times, more than all the other Diamond League meets combined.
The Pre Classic has the most consecutive top 3 finishes of any IDL meet, with 7. The next longest is Zurich with 4.
Pre has the highest average score of any meet during the Diamond League era (2010-present).
Pre has 5 of the top 10 highest scores ever achieved; only Monaco has as many as 2
The final 2017 scores:
1. OTC Prefontaine Classic USA 95523
2. Zürich Weltklasse SUI 95078
3. Bruxelles Memorial Van Damme BEL 94695
4. Lausanne Athletissima SUI 93614
5. Monaco Herculis MON 93360
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Sometimes, pregnancy involves high stress. If you're pregnant, you must visit a doctor frequently to make sure that the fetus is thriving and that there are no problems that should be addressed. There may be numerous tests and a lot of advice. However, not all OB-gyns are as thorough and careful as they should be. Health care providers seeing mothers for prenatal care do make mistakes sometimes, and these mistakes can result in serious problems for an infant. If your baby is injured as a result of negligent prenatal care, you may be able to recover damages. At DeFrancisco & Falgiatano, our experienced Syracuse birth injury attorneys can evaluate the facts of your case and consult a credible expert as appropriate to determine the viability of your claim.
Pregnancies can be high risk for many reasons. Sometimes there is gestational diabetes. The mother may be of advanced age or have high blood pressure. Sometimes an ordinary OB-gyn has a duty to refer a woman with a high-risk pregnancy to a specialist that has experience providing for those who are at high risk. In other cases, a pregnancy seems to be relatively normal, but routine testing if properly administered would have revealed problems that need to be addressed such as preeclampsia or birth defects. Failure to adequately address problems detected on tests — or failure to administer tests as appropriate — may result in injuries to the baby.
When you go to see your doctor for prenatal care, you trust that he or she will administer the appropriate tests and handle your situation the way other competent doctors would. Various conditions like gestational diabetes, birth defects, and preeclampsia can be detected through different tests. The doctor has the responsibility for providing the tests, and where no provision is made, there may be injuries. To establish liability for negligent prenatal care, you will need to establish: (1) a healthcare provider owed you a professional duty of care, (2) breach of the professional duty of care, (3) causation, and (4) damages. A knowledgeable birth injury lawyer can evaluate whether your case may be able to fulfill these elements.
Where an OB-gyn's negligent prenatal care causes birth injuries, it may be possible to sue the OB-gyn. For example, if a mother has gestational diabetes, but a doctor fails to monitor the baby's growth and fails to advise that a C-section is necessary because the baby is too big, and as a result, there is prolonged labor and brain damage to the baby, this may be medical malpractice that gives rise to damages. Similarly, if a mother has preeclampsia, and a doctor fails to monitor the rapid progression of this condition, the result may be stroke or multiple organ failure or HELPP syndrome, but it could also mean the death of a child. Inducing labor is required regardless of the age of the fetus once eclampsia develops.
Other prenatal errors can include misdiagnosis of placental abruption, misdiagnosis of a mother's hypertension, failure to conduct fetal ultrasound tests, and misdiagnosis of preeclampsia.
Damages for negligent prenatal care can include medical costs, replacement services, pain and suffering, mental anguish, rehabilitation, therapy and out-of-pocket expenses. The amount of damages will depend on the extent of injuries. Sometimes the birth injuries arising out of negligent prenatal care are readily resolved, necessitating some doctor's visits, but nothing drastic. In other cases, the injuries may be catastrophic; for example, an infant with brain damage may require in-home care and special therapies. Sometimes negligent prenatal care results in death, and in that case it may be appropriate to sue for wrongful death damages.
If your baby was injured due to negligent prenatal care, it may be possible to sue for damages. At DeFrancisco & Falgiatano, our lawyers represent injured babies and their families in Syracuse, Rochester, Lyons, Ithaca, Canandaigua, Wampsville, Cooperstown, Utica, Watertown, Oswego, Lowville, Oneida, Cortland, Delhi, Norwich, Herkimer, Oswego, Ithaca, Binghamton, Cooperstown, Auburn, and Elmira. Please call us at 315-479-9000 or contact us via our online form.


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Time to Move On?
Columns, Editorial
Rev. Bob De Moor
The gospel of Jesus Christ is so much bigger than any person who proclaims it.
Margo and I inflicted the same trauma on our children that my parents inflicted on me. We tore our kids from their home, their community, and even their country. Several times they, and we, had to be the new kids on the block. At times it was brutally hard. But I believe that ultimately it was good for us and, more important, for the church. That's because my dad was a minister of the Word and so am I. He bound on my heart that ministers need to leave before the church wants them to.
That sounds harsh. But it's part and parcel of ministry. The gospel of Jesus Christ is so much bigger than any person who proclaims it. That's why from the very beginning preachers have been itinerant. That's why Calvin Seminary taught us rookie preachers to steel ourselves for the worthy sacrifice of moving on.
Times have changed, of course. Today many pastors' spouses—rightly—embark on their own careers. And their calling needs to be on the table every time a move is contemplated. Today ministers invest in their own homes because the Ministers' Pension Plan says you need to if you ever hope to retire. But every time you have to sell and buy a house, you take a financial wallop. Today there are fewer vacancies than there once were—and churches think twice about calling an older preacher. Today the increasing diversity of congregations makes taking a call elsewhere an "iffy" proposition because we are uncertain whether it will be a good match. No wonder today more pastors go beyond their "best before" date.
We urgently need to figure out a better calling process that facilitates clergy mobility. How about a four-pointer like this?
Every call is a term call—the congregation and its new pastor covenant for an initial three-year stint.
Before the term expires, the council (with input from the congregation) decides with the pastor whether to renew the arrangement for another three-year period. Either side can "walk" with no stigma either way.
The denomination would form a (match-making) placement committee (with teeth) that assigns pastors are freed from their congregations to vacant churches who are looking for a pastor. As an added benefit, churches that have a hard time competing for pastors in the "open market" would be able to have an experienced pastor who isn't yet counting the weeks from his or her ordination or the months to retirement.
Finally, the ability of pastors to embark on non-ministerial callings will no longer be discouraged. If they cannot not move because of their spouses' careers, for example, they would be entirely free to find other employment. As Reformed Christians we believe that all legitimate callings are kingdom callings. Let's practice that.
There may be better ways to tackle this issue. But the goal matters: we need to get our preachers back on the road—though maybe less frequently than in the 1950s.
Churches should be formed in Christ's image, not in the image of their pastors. So wise pastors will get out of Dodge before that happens.
If even Jesus himself had "no place to lay his head" (Luke 9:58), moving should remain an unavoidable job hazard for pastors.
Bob De Moor is a retired Christian Reformed pastor living in Edmonton, Alta.
See comments (8)
Rob Toornstra replied on Tue, 04/08/2014 - 11:21am
A couple of thoughts. First, there is some wisdom here, in that Bob has identified a legit concern. I'm sure there are cases where pastors do overstay their welcome. Those serving the church, I think, do well to ask themselves if it continues to be in the best interest of a congregation for them to stay. I do think it is better to leave early, than to leave and have people glad to see you go. Second, however, the idea of creating a structured, rule-based (i.e. "top-down") effort to manage churchs and pastors is SO "Grand-Rapids". I shudder at the idea of a mandated, cookie-cutter approach like this. Why? Because, thirdly, there are just as many churches that benefit from lengthy stability. Inner City churches, for example, where everything is transitory -- relationships, jobs, housing -- the church becomes the one place that is stable. That's just one example. I don't think that there is a one-size fits all approach to something that is not a problem in every context.
Del VanDenBerg replied on Tue, 04/08/2014 - 11:57am
As a PK I have what could be described as a vicarious view of the ministry and to those ministered- being inside the parsonage and inside the church.
As a child of a minister I indeed experienced what the editorial mentioned- for the most part we remain strangers in the churches served. As an adult that feeling really never leaves- am I one of the congregation or a member of the minister's extended family? It is real.
Currently when a new pastor comes to my church, one that I moved back to where my father served- I married a girl of the congregation, I welcome the pastor and family to "my house"- in many respects the parsonage is just that, or was.
However, given all- the system does work. Sometimes a longer stay is merited; other times- "you can't get out of Dodge quick enough!" I literally watched both instances with my father's service, and experienced both as an adult from the point of view of a congregation member.
Change what we have into a "bishop like" process, trickle down or top down process...I'm not sold on that really either. I still think let God through the congregation (and minister for that matter) ultimately decide, both do you know...we've all seen it happen.
As for the PK...we are blessed with a kaleidoscope of experience; if you care or allow us- we share; and I do.
Richard DeRuiter replied on Tue, 04/08/2014 - 12:02pm
I also disagree with this article. Should be no surprise as I've been in my current church for 18 years and there are others in my classis (Pacific Northwest that have been at their charges for longer.
I believe long stays are healthy for both pastor and congregation. It takes time to go deep with people. It's wonderful to watch kids grow into adults and be a part of their discipleship process. It's great for my family to have stability as my kids grew up.
Longer stays means you get to know both the church and the surrounding community, making outreach more contextual. Longer stays means building trust and recognition with both church and community.
I would resist any attempt to tie the hands of local churches or pastors, forcing mobility as a matter of policy
Eric Verhulst replied on Wed, 04/09/2014 - 9:49am
I am ambivalent.
It is an issue when pastors stay too long in one place, even if it is necessary. People go with the tangible, and pastors are tangible, so the longer a pastor is in place, the easier it is for the church to subtly morph from Christ's church to the pastor's church - at least in the minds of some. It also can greatly enhance the instability a church feels when transition is necessary whether by reason of retirement or death or other such thing. It's also damaging to one's successor. No matter who comes next, he won't be the guy who was there before whom everybody liked (and we can be fairly certain that everybody liked him because, after 20 years, anybody who didn't has long since left).
But the denomination is not as homogenous, either - and neither are pastors. We worry about "fit" these daysbecause these varieties exist. I've been using the masculine pronoun, for instance (and will continue doing so because other approaches are too awkward), but pastors are not uniformly male any more. Some churches don't have a problem with that. Others do. This variety means that a pastor coming into a congregation needs more time to get acclimated before he can properly discern a way forward. My grandfather reportedly thought 5 years was about right. In five years nowadays, one is just getting started.
But DeMoor's proposals do not strike me as a solution to this tension. As Toornstra mentions above, it's a centralized, "Grand-Rapids" solution focusing on control from the top. We rejected that in the 16th century and for good reason. It also doesn't account for the fact different churches pay their pastors at different rates (sometimes significantly different). Neither would it allow pastors to make longer-term financial commitments since after any 3-year period, they may be unemployed and, while freeing them up to take non-ministerial vocations seems like it might help, that doesn't mean Joe Corporate is going to hire a "reverend" to be his sales manager. Rather, "reverend" or "pastor" tend to scare off HR types in non-religious organizations - at least, that was my experience from 2005-07 when I was no longer on active duty as a chaplain, but hadn't received a call.
We do need to challenge congregations, classes, and clergy to not make assumptions, to consider how it will affect one's relief/replacement, and to not put a desire for stability above the demands of the gospel. We need the discussion. I'm not certain we need regulations - at least not yet.
Pete VanderBeek replied on Thu, 04/10/2014 - 2:04pm
I'm responding as a preachers kid and preacher who is now a Specialized Transitional Minister -- where moves every 2 years or less are the norm.
About moving frequently: This will affect each person according to their constitution and the way parents handle it. In my youth, moves were just announced to us kids. With my own family, the entire family was made aware and as much as possible was part of the process. Since one of our moves was to the real Holland, I have gained a 'culture reading' ability that is a crucial tool in my work now.
About leaving before the church wants you to: The writer may be clinging to a notion that was once appropriate for his father, but is no longer so. In a day when our churches were more mono-cultural and cookie-cutter pastors could fit almost anywhere and repeat their evening Catechism sermons somewhat creatively enough to maintain interest for 3 to 5 years, and a day when democracy and pop-poll-arity were not strong in the church, it may have been valid. But today churches believe too much in democracy (one strand of the problem) and that a pastor has to 'keep them happy' (a second strand in the bigger problem) and where each congregation and pastor position within them can be very different from church to church (strand three) and where – from both sides, pastors and congregations – we have tremendous difficulty being clear about expectations and abilities in an open and transparent way (four) the case is no longer valid. Plus, the statement "leave before they want you to" hints at a lack of biblical perspective on serving God in a congregation, where it is God who might want you to stay while the congregation wants you to leave (fifth big strand 'prophetic calling' and sixth strand 'discernment'). I take pleasure in reading the first part of Numbers 14 with people and asking what would have happened if a congregational meeting had been called followed by a vote?
Clergy Mobility: I do see the housing equity and spousal career factors which have changed mobility ability. But the writer needs to make the case for why itineracy should be the norm, rather than simply state, like a traditionalist would, that this was handed down from the forefathers as accepted truth.
We most definitely need to revamp our calling system:
In my work I have seen that churches have lost touch with the principle of the two-fold calling, where a personal sense of call must be confirmed by the church. Congregations do not know that they are affirming a person's called-ness when they extend a call. They tend to see it more as a 'hire' or electing someone (there is a lot of 'gaming' of the equation that happens around the 'vote' to approve extending a call) who they can then un-elect and un-hire. Re-teaching is needed on calling.
Pastor Church Relations has a new book out that can help a lot with the search process, but still, if a pastor is deluded about their abilities or inabilities, or a congregation is misrepresented by it's search committee as wanting outreach when the congregation really wants to hunker down and be safe with 'their own kind' we end up with stuckness. In one of his books, Eugene Peterson, in one of his books, even refers to the search process as "Ecclesiastical Pornography" where too much airbrushing goes on and shock sets in when the real blemishes become apparent. The church could learn much from the recovery movement about the value of being open about struggles, rather than continuing to hide the fact that we all create dirty laundry and carry that baggage. We need much more transparency in the call conversation.
I don't know much about the past, but pastoring has, in my experience, become much to political and resident chaplain-esque. Buying a house and having a spouse with a good job, or having massive student debt will hinder most preachers from risking-in-faith in a pastorate. The unstated value in congregations seems to be that the pew must remain comfortable and the pastor may be unique or intriguing, but may not speak God's word in a way that rattles comfortable core values. We need a return to strengthening the prophetic side of pastoring. (I know that may mean all kind of things to people, but have to risk that misunderstanding)
More and more it is a fact that churches and pastors seem to get 'stuck' with one another. Too often one or the other or both languish in pain for too long and then there is a rupture. We certainly need new and creative processes to get churches and pastors unstuck from each other, and for preventing stuckness in the first place.
My thoughts here are in no way comprehensive. All of this is evidence to me that a major change in the way we are church, based on scripture, Reformed principles, and cultural context is needed. This will not be fixed by more mere tinkering. The kind of change needed is Adaptive (as another article in the Banner describes), it needs to run deep into our hearts and worldviews, and we need to find the courage to drop everything Egyptian and Pharaohic that has become comfortable for us, and forge ahead into whatever shape God's promises have for us in the land of the future.
Lambert Sikkema replied on Mon, 04/14/2014 - 6:44pm
How many congregations did Peter, James and John each serve? You're not advocating for a committee as much as a bishop. That's been tried. What exactly is the problem we're trying to fix? And precisely how is it better for the church to have a constant parade of pastors wander through their doors? I give you this though, point #4 is the most helpful recommendation of the lot.
david schuringa replied on Sat, 04/19/2014 - 12:06pm
When there is a good fit, treasure it and keep it. When there is a bad fit, move on, like Bob says.
Sam Hamstra replied on Mon, 05/12/2014 - 9:24pm
I appreciate the sentiment which prompts the four point suggestion. I can see the place for term calls, especially with pastors over 60 for they would find it easier to get a call with such a practice in place. And, with Lambert, I would love to explore your fourth point. But I am not sure, with our theological approach to call, that we can categorize the lack of clergy mobility as a problem.
Church on the Move
Aslan on the Move Again
Synod Will Move Around for the Next Few Years
Synod Continues to Move Around
Presbyterians Move to Allow Gay Clergy


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Is 'ELOHIM' A Pagan Title?
The Hebrews referred to Yahweh as El. The Canaanites did the same to their mighty one.
So who has rights to it — Yahweh or an idol?
It is no secret that the Sacred Name Yahweh has been disguised, supplanted, and removed from our English Bibles. This gross mistake lies with the translators who through ignorance or by design substituted Kurios and Theos for Yahweh's Name in the Greek texts.
They also translated the Hebrew titles "El" and "Elohim" to English as "god" and "God." Some believe that one must not use the terms El and Elohim in reference to the Heavenly Majesty because they are considered pagan.
But is the Hebrew word "El" or its plural "Elohim" so evil and wrong that we are condemned for employing it as a title to refer to Yahweh? If so, then why does the first verse in the oldest Hebrew manuscripts available refer to our Creator as "Elohim"? In the beginning G-d (myhla = Elohim) created the heaven and the earth, Genesis 1:1.
'Elohim' A Word Given by Yahweh
If Yahweh refers to Himself as Elohim in the very Book He inspired Moses to write, then is not Elohim a term sanctioned by Yahweh Himself? If the inspired texts — breathed from Yahweh's very own mouth — occasionally refer to Yahweh as "Elohim" (meaning "Mighty One"), how can it be wrong for us to refer to Yahweh as an Elohim?
How can one arrive, then, at such an absurd conclusion that it is wrong to use "Elohim"? One writer who does just that, appeals to the Encyclopedia Judaica to show that among the Canaanites, "El and Elyon" were originally distinct deities. From this he promotes a delusion, building a totally groundless case against using Elohim. The gist of his argument is simply that certain words like El and Elohim were used by pagans and then incorporated into the Hebrew language from the Canaanites.
This notion ASSUMES that the Canaanite language had certain words that the Hebrews later borrowed and integrated into their worship. It PRESUMES that El and Elohim are such secondhand terms. But are they?
The writer in question leaps to the erroneous conclusion that the "Canaanite" terms El and Elohim were accepted into the Hebrew language many years after the writings of the Holy Scriptures, basing his contention on Isaiah 19:18, which says, In that day shall five cities in the land of Egypt speak the language of Canaan, and swear to Yahweh of hosts; one shall be called, The city of destruction. This, however, is a prophetic verse, referring to the FUTURE conversion of Egypt — with its people to speak Hebrew.
(Hebrew was called the "language of Canaan" because of all the Hebrew-speaking Israelites who settled in Canaan, Israel's Promised Land, as one authority notes.) This same writer has produced a Bible that changes Genesis 1:1, which was inspired by Yahweh to read, "In the beginning Elohim (plural) made..." The writer's new version reads, "In the beginning Yahweh made..." In the ancient text Yahweh's Name first appears a whole chapter later — Genesis 2:4. This man's version of the Bible violates the Scriptures by deliberately mistranslating "Elohim" to read "Yahweh" in order to support a false doctrine against the use of "Elohim." When he does use "el" he uses a "y" for the "e" and ends up with "yl."
Again, he does violence to the Hebrew, in essence substituting a yod (י) for the aleph (א) in "elohim," where no yod existed before. The pronunciation remains the same, however, and the word is virtually still the same. The folly of this is similar to the mistaken notion that capitalizing the mere title "god" somehow puts it into the realm of a personal Name for Yahweh. God and god sound the same. But the word remains just a title. Similarly, whether you say "Israel" or Israyl," you are still saying "el."
The Hebrews Spoke...Well, Hebrew!
Think a minute. What language did the Hebrews speak before coming into the Promised Land? It was Hebrew, not Canaanite! Moses wrote the first five books of the Bible BEFORE Israel even approached the Promised Land of Canaan because he died before Joshua led Israel in (Josh. 1:2). Moses was barred from entering, and therefore could not have been influenced by the Canaanites when he used the Hebrew terms El and Elohim in the Torah.
In fact, it was Yahweh Himself who inspired him to use El and Elohim. The Canaanites later seized the tiles El and Elohim from the Hebrews, who used them first, and called their own deities by the titles El and Elohim.
Now does taking a word that is from the start right, good, and proper, then perverting it and making it a common thing — does that make the word itself sinful? Does not man pervert, besmirch, smear, befoul, corrupt, and tarnish EVERY good thing he touches?
To take a title and apply this title to a pagan deity does not of itself make the title sinful. Man defiles virtually all that is good. Given the chance he will even corrupt Yahweh's own Name! Would that mean we should not call on Yahweh by His Name? Does applying the term "Sabbath" to Sunday "dirty" the seventh-day Sabbath?
Just because some have misused Scripture to uphold false worship does not mean that we throw the Scriptures out! The same holds true for "El," "Eloah," and "Elohim." Yahweh Himself used or influenced writers to use elohim in reference to pagan "deities," (Exod. 12:12, 20:3; Lev. 19:4). Yet, He still sanctifies the title for Himself. If it is okay with Him, it has to be acceptable for our use.
Oldest Hebrew Texts Use El, Elohim
Clearly, Yahweh inspired the use of El and Elohim, therefore, these titles are NOT borrowed from pagan peoples.
Hebrew was the language spoken by Yahweh Himself. The Hebrew terms found in the Bible show that it is still the same basic tongue used by Moses and the patriarchs down through history.
The Dead Sea Scrolls are the oldest Biblical manuscript texts in existence today. In his book, The Temple Scroll, Vol. 2, editor Yigael Yadin reconstructs the Book of Deuteronomy from the Scrolls' Hebrew text. Throughout this Deuteronomic Hebrew we find the word Elohim used. Remember, the Scrolls are the OLDEST extant Bible manuscripts and they use El and Elohim (for several examples, see Yadin's The Temple Scroll, Column LIV, Deut. 13:3, p.401).
So-called higher criticism suggests that Scripture originated from various source manuscripts like the J source, E source, and P source. Unlike the others, the J source "traced back the Name of Yahweh to the dim past," notes the Anchor Bible — implying that it is a more faithful rendition. Significantly, this reference also notes, "There is of course, nothing new in J's use of Elohim." (Genesis, Vol. 1, p.37).
No evidence exists that any terms other than El and Elohim were used for "mighty one(s)" in the original Scriptures.
We prefer the Hebrew titles El, Eloah, and Elohim over "G-d" as a reminder that we worship the Mighty One of the Hebrews — and we have a part in similar promises He made to them.
'El' in Names of Patriarchs and the Foremost Angelic Beings
Because the oldest Scriptures are in Hebrew, we must conclude that the Hebrew language was first spoken by the Creator when He began His work of creation. Hebrew was therefore also the first language spoken by mankind.
The names "Adam" and "Eve" as well as others in Genesis are decidedly Hebrew names. And so are "EliYah, Eliezer, Israel, Ezekiel, Daniel, Joel, and many more that contain the Hebrew El. If El is a pagan term, why is it found in the names of these and many other righteous men and in the names of the great archangel Michael (a name meaning, "who is like El") and Gabriel ("man of El")?
"El" could not have come from paganism if it is found in the names of angelic beings who existed BEFORE the world was.
Moses is credited with writing the first five books of the Bible. These all have been recorded for us in Hebrew. Names of places and expressions are Hebrew, clearly revealing a Hebrew source. Many of these employ "el."
The Bible plainly demonstrates that Hebrew was the language of the heavenly messengers. Whenever celestial beings spoke to mankind, it was to those familiar with Hebrew. Angels did not speak Canaanite, Chinese, Greek, Latin or English. They spoke to those humans who knew and understood Hebrew. Therefore, when they spoke of the Father or the Son, they used the Hebrew names Yahweh and Yahshua.
Hebrew, the Mother Tongue
McClintock and Strong's Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature comments on the Shemitic (Semitic) languages: "The Hebrew language takes its name from Abraham's descendants, the Israelites, who are ethnographically called Hebrew..."
"In the Old Testament it is poetically called the language of Canaan, Isaiah 19:18, emphatically the language of the holy land consecrated to Yahweh as contrasted with that of the profane Egypt. In its earliest written state it exhibits in the writings of Moses a perfection of structure which was never surpassed."
This commentary states that the descendants of Shem indeed spoke Hebrew and other Semitic languages, of which they list 14 primitive dialects. A number of respected scholars assert that Hebrew is the mother of all languages, including Canaanite.
From Girdlestone's Old Testament Synonyms we learn, "The Hebrew language, though poor in some respects, e.g. in tenses, is rich in others; and probably no better language could have been selected for the purpose of preparing the way for [Messiah]," p.6.
Genesis 1:28 records the first spoken command given to mankind. And Elohim blessed them, and Elohim said unto them, "Be fruitful, and multiply, and replenish the earth, and subdue it: and have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over every living thing that moves upon the earth." Yahweh communicated with Adam and Eve in Hebrew.
Many linguistic scholars agree that Hebrew is the basic language from which all others are derived. Isaac Mozeson's comprehensive book, The Word, goes into detail showing that Hebrew is the ultimate source of English. Joseph T. Shipley, author of The Dictionary of Word Origins, says of Mozeson's comprehensive study, "This work is a challenge to linguists...It calls for a reexamination of our etymologies."
Angels Spoke Hebrew
In examining the New Testament, we find again that whenever anyone was spoken to from the heavens, it was always in the Hebrew tongue.
In Luke chapter 1 we read of the priest Zacharias (Zachariah) performing his duties in the Temple. The angel of Yahweh appeared to him and related how Elizabeth ("El of the oath") was soon to have a son who would be called John. Certainly a priest of the course of Abiyah would be addressed in his native Hebrew tongue! Later we learn that the virgin Miriam was also visited by Gabriel ("man of El") who proclaimed the soon-coming birth of Yahshua the Messiah.
Both Mary and Joseph were descended from the lineage of King David, the ruler of Israel of the tribe of Judah. We read in chapter two of Luke of Judea shepherds watching their flock by night when the celestial being came to them announcing the birth of the Redeemer of Israel. The language used to communicate was understandable to these uneducated, pastoral, Hebrew-speaking people.
Resurrected Messiah Spoke Hebrew
Acts 9 tells that the Apostle Paul was struck down on the Damascus road. Recounting this experience to King Agrippa (Acts 26:12-14), Paul says the voice that spoke to him from heaven did so in the Hebrew tongue, asking, "Saul, Saul, why do you persecute Me?" This was after Yahshua's death and resurrection. Yahshua told us that Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob would be in the Kingdom (Matt. 8:11).
All of those resurrected people will be brought back to life in a country that even now is speaking Hebrew as its national language.
The Pure Language
It is at this time that Yahshua commences to take charge of world affairs and will rule with a rod of iron. He will set up His rule at Jerusalem and it will continue to expand until it eventually encompasses the world. For the law shall go forth of Zion, and the word of Yahweh from Jerusalem, Micah 4:2. For then will I turn to the people a pure language [Hebrew], that they may all call upon the name of Yahweh, to serve Him with one consent, Zephaniah 3:9.
All of those who will be in the Millennial rule will be speaking Hebrew and will be calling upon the personal, revealed Name of Yahweh and His dear Son, Yahshua.
To teach that the Hebrew nouns El and Elohim derive from paganism disregards the obvious fact that the Old Testament was written in Hebrew — the original language! And we are introduced to Yahweh's truth through the Hebrew language of the Old Testament, which uses the Hebrew terms El and Elohim abundantly.
When making His Covenant with His people, Yahweh begins by introducing Himself, "I, Yahweh, am your Elohim which have brought you out of the land of Egypt..." Now, If Yahweh refers to Himself as Yahweh your "Elohim," certainly we can boldly say, "Yahweh is my Elohim."
When hanging on the tree, our dying Savior cried out, "Eloi, Eloi, Lama Sabbachthani," which meant, "My El, My El, why have you forsaken me?" The Hebrew-To-Greek-To-English translation preserves His words through TRANSLITERATION, proving that our own Savior Himself used the title El! Transliteration is the bringing of exact word sounds across language barriers.
Both El and Elohim are solid Hebrew words, originating from Yahweh's own mouth. If He inspired their use, and His Son used them, so can and so should we! For additional information on the Heavenly Father's revealed, personal Name, read the ministudy, Is His Name Jehovah or Yahweh?
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