Only one day after the coup attempt on 15 July 2016, 2850 judges and prosecutors -one fifth of all the judiciary- were suspended by the High Council of Judges and Prosecutors (HSYK) and, ten days after, they were dismissed from their positions having been declared as members of an armed terrorist organisation and putschists. The dismissed judges and prosecutors lost their career, possessions, and professional, personal and family reputation. They have been exposed to persecution and isolation that cannot be seen even in the third world democracies. Together with the judges and prosecutors, their spouses, children and relatives have also been punished.
On 14 August 2016, the Vice President of the HSYK tweeted as "Following the treacherous coup attempt, the members of the judiciary who are proved to be the members of the armed terrorist organisation have been promptly dismissed from their positions." Hence, the HSYK, although being an administrative board, put itself in the position of a court and declared these judges and prosecutors guilty in advance, moreover, did not even obtain their defence statements and dismissed them from the judicial profession pursuant to an emergency decree that violates the Constitution. The High Council nevertheless in its reasoned decree, mentioned of vague descriptions such as affiliation and coherence instead of presenting any hard evidence.
The HSYK sent written orders to all the courts to initiate prosecution against the judges and prosecutors whom the council had dismissed. In the minutes of prosecutions and search and confiscation orders, which were issued upon this order, it was stated that these judges and prosecutors were the members of an organisation called FETÖ. In this way, right from the beginning, the 2850 judges and prosecutors were as if convicted even before gathering any evidence, conducting any court hearing or taking any statements. Thus, all of the guarantees related to the crimes and punishments granted by the Constitution including the right against incrimination and the right to fair trial have been abolished and the law been suspended.
We can presume that the HSYK may not confront the government as it is an administrative council headed by the Minister of Justice and its members were elected from the list of the government controlled YBP and it was also making statements to the press in support of government. How could one explain the indifferent attitude of the Constitutional Court whose primary duty is to protect the constitution as the backbone of a country and hence the fundamental rights and freedoms?
The Turkish Constitutional Court has acquired the "distinctness" of being a court that accepts "social surrounding" information as hard evidence in a way that could only be seen in Nazi Germany. Despite its clear illegality both to the Constitution and the related laws, the Constitutional Court, based on this so-called "hard evidence", dismissed the two of its members without even finding it necessary to conduct any investigation or to take any defences and also remained silent to their unlawful arrest and detention afterwards.
Ankara Public Prosecutor Necip Cem İşçimen played the initial role in issuing the custody orders for one-fifth of the judges and prosecutors of the country on the same day of the coup. Talking to a program on NTV, he answered a question of a correspondent from Istanbul saying that he can hear the bombings are still continuing at the time. Quite inexplicably, "it just so happens" that the public prosecutor went to the courthouse towards the morning and he let slip that they had some lists at their hand and by not even feeling the need to wait for the end of the coup attempt –which was at the time still not fully quashed– and to learn who the perpetrators were. He straightaway started his work by issuing arrest warrants for his colleagues including the members of the Constitutional Court, some members of the HSYK and supreme court judges, which were based only on the list of dismissals prepared by the HSYK in a trice.
As understood from both this statement of the Ankara Prosecutor and the tweets of the Vice President of the HSYK, the judges and prosecutors were first accused of taking part in the coup attempt. The judges and prosecutors, supposed to be under the protection of the Constitution and the Law No. 2802, were not accused of membership of a terrorist organisation but of participating in the coup attempt on the basis of false claim that they were caught red handed.
Under Article 88 of the Law No. 2802, "Except for the crimes caught red handed falling under the authority of the assize criminal courts, judges and prosecutors who are claimed to have committed an offence may not be arrested or be subjected to house or body search or an investigation." The Turkish Code of Criminal Procedures (CCP) describes the red handedness as follows: "A crime that is being momentarily committed or a crime that has been just committed; or a crime committed by the individual arrested without warrant by the law enforcement authorities, by the victim or by others after he has been chased immediately after the crime has been committed; or a crime committed by the individual who was arrested without a warrant with the movable goods or evidence which indicate that a crime has been recently committed." (Article 2).
Under the pretext of the crime of coup attempt, a constitutional crime has been committed by violating the principle of the separation of powers in the Constitution and abolishing the security of tenure for the judges and prosecutors and violating the regulations of the Law No. 2802. It is evident that all these judges and prosecutors were at their lodgements at the time when the coup started and that there is no single claim that they had any contact with any of the soldiers who were claimed to have taken part in the coup. Through the investigations launched while the coup was still pending, it was purported as if nearly 3000 judges and prosecutors in all around Turkey were all caught red handed in the act of attempting the coup at the same time, without determining how these judges and prosecutors had participated in the coup, without showing any concrete evidence of their involvement in the coup as primary or secondary offenders.
Further, within the context of the investigation unlawfully and unduly launched, it is a sheer disregard of the law and a criminal act for the criminal peace judgeships to issue warrants of confiscation and international travel ban by merely repeating the same statements used in the investigation reports of the prosecutors.
In an interview to a journalist, the Vice President of the HSYK confessed the arbitrariness of this situation by stating that they were not able to find any evidence suggesting that these judges and prosecutors had participated in the coup and that they are relying on the latter statements of the confessors only for the membership of a terrorist organisation.
After the coup attempt, some previously-made-ready profiling lists have been put into operation and thousands of jurists have been dismissed without the right to defence and later been arrested and detained by the unauthorised investigation authorities and criminal peace judgeships.
The investigations of the judges and prosecutors, currently about 5000, have not been initiated in accordance with the Article 159 of the Constitution and the requirements stipulated in the article are not fulfilled. By virtue of the hierarchy of norms, it is not possible to have a statutory act which contradicts the provisions of the Constitution. Thus, the provisions of Article 161 of the Turkish Code of Criminal Procedures may not be applied for the judges and prosecutors.
Even though some lawyers claim that prosecutors may carry out criminal proceedings for their colleagues in accordance with the authority given by Article 161/8 of the Turkish Penal Code (TCK), this interpretation has no legal ground at all. In addition to the unconstitutionality issue pointed out above, it has also been confirmed by the Court of Cassation in the context of Cihaner case that Article 161/8 of the Turkish Penal Code is a provision that can only be applied to civil servants and it shall therefore not be applicable to judges and prosecutors.
The crime of the "membership of an armed terrorist organisation" that is imputed to the detained or investigated judges and prosecutors is a "continuous" crime. The concepts of "continuous" and "successive" crimes are important in the determination of the place and date of the crime. In continuous crimes, the place and the moment of the crime committed is the place and moment the continuous act has just ended. The literal meaning of "continuous" is persisting, continuing and ongoing. Continuous crime is the crime whose consequences continue for some time. Membership of an armed terrorist organisation is also a continuous crime. Therefore, it is a crime that could be committed "in the course of" or "in connection with" the professional duties of judges and prosecutors. If the membership of an armed terrorist organisation is a continuous crime, which it is, it should also be a crime which can and indeed ought to be committed "in the course of" or "in connection with" the profession. A continuous crime cannot be divided in this respect. Claiming that the attributed crime is a "personal crime" because they have been committed not during the working hours but outside the working hours constitutes a clear contradiction to the principles of logic and the normal flow of events.
The investigations relating to the offenses committed by judges and prosecutors "during" and "in connection with" their judicial duties may only be launched by the permission of the 3rdChamber of the HSYK and with the approval of the President of the HSYK. The investigations may only be conducted by an inspector or another senior member of the judiciary assigned by the Inspecting Board of the HSYK. If, at the end of the investigation, the HSYK issues a "permission to prosecute", the public prosecutor of the nearest criminal assize court at the judiciary district where the judge or prosecutor is working files an indictment with the request of opening a "final investigation." After gathering the evidence, if "the nearest criminal assize court" decides to open "final investigation", the required legal procedures for the final investigation shall be conducted by the Court of Cassation for judges or prosecutors who are at the first degree of professional seniority and for other judges and prosecutors by the criminal assize court in their judicial area.
For "personal crimes", it is not required for the HSYK to give permission and approval to open the investigation; the authority to open the investigation for personal offenses of the judges or prosecutors is directly vested in the chief public prosecutor of the regional criminal court in the judicial area where the judge or prosecutor is working and the authority for prosecution is given to the criminal assize court in that district.
As explained above, it is not possible to consider the crime of "membership of an armed terrorist organisation" as a "personal crime." Accepting the membership of an armed terrorist organisation as a continuous crime but acknowledging at the same time that the judges and prosecutors did not commit this crime "while in office" is nothing more than undermining or ridiculing the logic and common sense. Since, by definition and according to simple logic, it is necessary for a continuous crime also to be committed while in office. Article 159 of the Constitution and Article 89 of the Law No. 2802 must be applied to the judges and prosecutors who are accused of this offense. And only after the HSYK's decision and approval for starting an investigation has been attained, the Inspecting Chamber of the HSYK must carry out the investigation and, upon this, if the HSYK gives permission for prosecution, then an indictment must be filed in the nearest criminal court with the request of "issuing a decision to open the final investigation". If the criminal assize court decides to "launch the final investigation", then the prosecution procedures (final investigation) shall be conducted either at the Court of Cassation or at the criminal assize court depending on the seniority of the judge or the prosecutor.
Criminal procedures in relation to Judges Metin Özcelik and Mustafa Baser for "membership of an armed terrorist organisation", who had issued decisions about the requests of recusation and release– have been conducted in accordance with this procedure described. Their trials were held at the Court of Cassation. Again, the criminal procedures in respect of 54 other judges and prosecutors earlier had also been carried out accordingly. Since then, no substantial changes are made to the laws. Hence, not even being able to maintain the same standard of practices for the same offenses charged against the judges and prosecutors is the proof of nothing other than "improvidence" and "arbitrariness".
The indictments that started to appear only a year after the detentions are also the proof of this perversion in many ways. It is claimed in the indictments that the thousands of dismissed and detained judges and prosecutors had taken part in the judicial structure of the so-called FETO armed terrorist organisation. Even only this claim in the indictment reveals that the alleged crime is asserted in connection with the judicial duty of the judges and prosecutors.
Although around 2500 judges and prosecutors are detained for the membership of a terrorist organisation, it can be seen from the issued indictments that the elements of this crime are never constituted, despite the passage of over one year for gathering evidence. According to the plain meaning of the law and the settled case law, having an organic link with the organisation is required for the "leadership or membership of an armed terrorist organisation in terms of continuity, diversity and intensity of the actions and activities. Under the criteria developed by the Criminal Chamber of the Court of Cassation, it is necessary to set forth concretely where, when, by whom and for which purposes the organisation was formed.
Where, when, and through whom the accused judges and prosecutors had established their claimed organic links with the so-called "terrorist organisation" have not been able to be explained. This link with the mentioned "terrorist organisation" may not be established by referring to general explanations and abstract sentences, as it has been stated in the indictments. There is no hard evidence presented so far in this regard. Apart from this, it has not been possible to reveal concretely the positions of these judges and prosecutors, if any, within the hierarchy of the so-called "terrorist organisation". While there are at least seven to eight different criteria that the respective criminal chamber requires for the crime of "membership of a terrorist organisation" to constitute, how these criteria are met has not been discussed in the indictments.
The legal problem here relates to the concept of "the organised crime" and actually concerns "all" of the unlawful acts. Primarily, it is important to question who decides how a group becomes a terrorist organisation. It can be admitted that the respective council or councils of a state can widen the list of terrorist organisations by putting forward some justifications and supporting them with some legal arguments and existing judicial decisions. The actual problem with these cases is that "is the Gulen movement an armed terrorist organisation" and, if that is so, which public organ decided, when and on what grounds it was decided that it is so and whether or not this decision is acceptable in the national and international arena. The main point which the jurists need to pay attention in an environment where daily political interests and opportunist friendship can change every day is the requirements of the law not the policies or actions of the politicians.
Article 88 of the Law No. 2802 provides specific provisions for the searches conducted on judges and prosecutors. "Save for the crimes being caught red-handed falling under the jurisdiction of criminal assize courts, the judges and prosecutors who are claimed to have committed an offense may not be arrested or subjected to house or body search or an investigation." But the Ministry of Justice is immediately informed of the situation. If it will be understood after a while that there is in fact no such thing as a crime caught red-handed, then there will be unlawfully conducted procedures and the persons responsible from this unlawfulness.
Considering the above explanations, it may be argued that the court decisions issued on the judges and prosecutors are unlawful. Subjecting the judges and prosecutors to house, office and car search and seizing their possessions with an unlawfully issued court order, even though the requirements of Article 88 of the Law No. 2802 did not exist is clearly unlawful. Searching the dwelling of the judges and prosecutors based on an illegally issued order is a violation of the protection of the home and the right to privacy. As it is clear from Article 217/2 of the Code of Criminal Procedure (CCP), only those evidence that are obtained legally may be used during the investigation and the trial. The evidence that are not obtained in conformity with the law or obtained by twisting the law shall be treated as illegally obtained evidence. There is no exemption for this rule in the Code. Thus, the evidence obtained unlawfully may not be accepted as evidence, no matter if is to the advantage or disadvantage to the suspect or the accused. Continuing an investigation launched in an unlawful manner with evidence obtained again in an unlawful manner is itself unlawful.
In the course of confiscating the computers during the searches, the peremptory norms of the CCP have been violated and the "image" copying process was almost never carried out. Article 134/3 of the CCP clearly states that "While seizing of computers or computer records, all the data included in the system shall be copied" and Article 134/4 states that "a copy of this copied data shall be produced and given to the suspect or to his representative and this exchange shall be recorded and signed." Despite all these provisions, it is clearly unlawful during the searches conducted in accordance with unlawfully issued search warrants not to take copies of the digital goods at the place of confiscation and not to give the copies to the suspects with a report, hence leaving the evidence open for tampering.
Despite the regulations in Articles 138/1-2 of the Constitution, stating that "Judges shall be independent in the discharge of their duties; they shall give judgment in accordance with the Constitution, laws, and their personal conviction conforming to the law. No organ, authority, office or individual may give orders or instructions to courts or judges relating to the exercise of judicial power, send them circulars, or make recommendations or suggestions", the magnitude of the latest unlawful practices are enough to cast shadow on the lawfulness of the arrest warrants.
The judges-on-duty examining the investigation documents are often faced with pressures by being warned as "You will arrest him, won't you sir," "If you will not issue an arrest warrant, you will also be declared a member of Fetö".
The representatives who governs all the personnel, assignment and promotion affairs of the judges and prosecutors put themselves in the place of the court and made statements claiming that the dismissed judges and prosecutors are decisively proved to be guilty and declared this on their social media accounts in a way that all the serving judges and prosecutors can learn and be affected by this.
HSYK has issued decisions in line with these views that were published on twitter.
Investigations have been filed on the judges who issued release orders in respect of the alleged offenses and their judicial duties have been suspended and some of them have even been detained.
In violation of Articles 36 and 37 of the Constitution, which guarantee the principle of natural justice and the right to a fair trial, the lists of judges on duty are constantly intruded and particular judges are assigned for specific cases, persons or files, and the authority of the judges in the criminal peace judgeship who issue arrest warrants are arbitrarily changed. These are all actions that completely annihilate the independence and impartiality of the judiciary.
That the suspect may influence the persons who gave evidence against him.
Yet these are not anecdotes of a humour. These are the reasons for the continuation of detention issued by a judge in 2017 in Turkey.
In order to issue an arrest warrant, amongst others, there must be facts that indicate "a strong suspicion of a crime". In a rule of law, suspicion can only be described with evidence. The stronger the evidence is, the more intense the suspicion becomes. If the evidence at hand are few in number and/or weak, then we talk about a simple suspicion. If the evidence at hand are not few and/or reasonable or strong, then we talk about intense suspicion. The suspicion that only consists of estimates and presumptions and is not based on certain events and indicative evidence is not enough to start an investigation; if such a suspicion is deemed sufficient, then arbitrariness cannot be prevented. If the possibility for a defendant to be convicted is stronger than his acquital, it means there is sufficient amount of evidence. The CCP requires the existence of sufficient evidence to file an indictment. Indeed, under Article 170/2 of the CCP, if the gathered evidence at the end of investigation phase constitutes sufficient suspicion that a crime has been committed, the public prosecutor shall then file an indictment. Looking at the evidence at hand, if it is most likely that the defendant is going to be convicted, then it is assumed that a strong suspicion exists.
Considering the revealed indictments, one could see that the evidence submitted do not constitute "a strong suspicion of a crime" and do not even have "a sufficient suspicion for the crime," which is required to file a public prosecution. Thus, both the detention orders and the following refusals of release under these conditions are completely unlawful. Detention is a temporary measure of protection. If other protection measures will be able to serve the purpose, then the measure of detention must not be taken.
Right at the start of the investigations filed against the judges and prosecutors, assets of all of the dismissed judges and prosecutors were frozen. This is against the CCP and the Law No. 2802 not to mention the fundamental principles of the law and universal human rights. Apart from declaring the judges and prosecutors as "terrorists" just within a day before any court hearing and later detaining and dismissing them; their families and children left behind have also been punished in this manner.
The confiscation order must be taken with the unanimous decision of the Criminal Assize Court.
Despite all these clear regulations, it is unlawful to confiscate the assets which are obviously not obtained from the proceeds of crime and to punish their family members by breaching the principle of individual criminal responsibility.
By unlawfully detaining and dismissing the judges and prosecutors, their partners and children have also been punished just because they are the families of these individuals. After Judge Metin Özçelik was arrested, his wife, who had been working as a doctor at a university hospital, was fired from and his 4 year-old son were thrown out of the nursery he was attending.
The families who have been deprived of the wages and savings in the bank accounts and who have been thrown out of the lodgements they were dwelling are simply left in destitute. By also freezing the goods and properties such as car and house by which the families could rely on to meet the financial needs, they are prevented from liquidating these assets in order to meet their needs. What is more, spouses of many judges and prosecutors have also been dismissed from their jobs, while those who managed to continue working have faced severe mobbing at their workplaces.
With the publication of emergency decrees even before the dismissal decrees became final, the judges and prosecutors as well as their families are forced to leave the lodgements they were living in and they are left without any administrative remedy they could apply. The families were threatened and warned that those who did not evacuate the lodgements on time would face serious administrative sanctions.


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10 Things Every Nonprofit Executive Needs to Know about IT, from techsoup.org.
How to Choose a Web Designer for Your Nonprofit Website, from Network for Good.
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text:
Name: Wei LI
Title: Associate Professor
Office: Room 503B, Material Building A
Email: weilee@sjtu.edu.cn
URL:http://iptmd.sjtu.edu.cn/
Platform: Institute of Phase Transformation and Microstructure Design
(1) Research on the design, development and application of tissue engineering materials
(2) Biomedical polymers and its application in the field of implant materials
(3) Resin matrix composites
PhD in Metallurgy and Materials, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK,2011
MSc in Material Science, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China,2007
BSc in Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China,2004
2007. 5-8 Baosteel-NSC/Arcelor Automotive Steel Sheets Co.Ltd
2012. 2-2016.12 Lecturer of Shanghai JiaoTong University
2017.1-now Associate Professor of Shanghai JiaoTong University
High strength and toughness steels;
hydrogen embrittlement in advanced high strength steel;
S phase treatment on stainless steel.
[1] Y. Li, W. Li*, N. Min, W. Liu, C. Zhang, X. Jin, Mechanical response of a medium manganese steel with encapsulated austenite, Scripta Materialia, 178 (2020) 211-217.
[2] Y.S. Chen, H. Lu, J. Liang, A. Rosenthal, H. Liu, G. Sneddon, I. McCarroll, Z. Zhao, W. Li, A. Guo, J.M. Cairney, Observation of hydrogen trapping at dislocations, grain boundaries, and precipitates, Science, 367 (2020) 171-175.
[3] K. Zhang, W. Li*, Y. Xu, B. Liu, Y. Li, D. Liu, X. Ding, X. Jin, Rapid construction of multicomponent TRIP stainless steel by powder feeding laser deposition for comprehensive properties, Materials & Design, 184 (2019) 108171.
[4] Y. Xu, W. Li*, X. Zuo, Y. Li, C. Zhang, N. Min, H. Chen, X. Jin, Nanoprecipitation-suppressed ferrite transformation (γ → α) during tempering in a medium‑manganese steel, Scripta Materialia, 162 (2019) 391-396.
[5] Y. Xu, W. Li*, M. Wang, X. Zhang, Y. Wu, N. Min, W. Liu, X. Jin, Nano-sized MX carbonitrides contribute to the stability of mechanical properties of martensite ferritic steel in the later stages of long-term aging, Acta Materialia, 175 (2019) 148-159.
[6] D. Wu, C. Huang, O. Zhang, L. Zhao, W. Li, X. Jin, Investigation of hydrogen diffusion and trapping behavior under tensile stresses in a container steel, Materials Letters, 256 (2019) 126533.
[7] W. Wang, S. Song, K.M. Reddy, W. Li, P. Liu, X. Wang, Deformation behavior of ultrahard Al0.3CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy treated by plasma nitriding, Materials Letters, 255 (2019) 126566.
[8] L. Luo, W. Li*, S. Liu, L. Wang, X. Jin, Effect of intermediate temperature annealing on the stability of retained austenite and mechanical properties of medium Mn-TRIP steel, Materials Science and Engineering: A, 742 (2019) 69-77.
[9] X. Lu, D. Qian, W. Li, X. Jin, Enhanced toughness of bearing steel by combining prior cold deformation with martensite pre-quenching and bainite transformation, Materials Letters, 234 (2019) 5-8.
[10] B. Liu, W. Li, X. Lu, X. Jia, X. Jin, The effect of retained austenite stability on impact-abrasion wear resistance in carbide-free bainitic steels, Wear, 428-429 (2019) 127-136.
[11] B. Liu, W. Li*, X. Lu, X. Jia, X. Jin, An integrated model of impact-abrasive wear in bainitic steels containing retained austenite, Wear, 440-441 (2019) 203088.
[12] W. Li, X. Ding, X. Jin, Introduction of nanoprecipitation and transformation-induced plasticity in ultra-low carbon medium manganese quenching-partitioning-tempering steels, Heat Treatment and Surface Engineering, 1 (2019) 48-56.
[13] M. Khedr, L. Wei*, M. Na, L. Yu, J. Xuejun, Evolution of Fracture Mode in Nano-twinned Fe-1.1C-12.5Mn Steel, JOM, 71 (2019) 1338-1348.
[14] J.C. Gonzalez L, W. Li*, Y. Gong, X.J. Jin, A Finite-Element Approach for the Partitioning of Carbon in Q&P Steel, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B: Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science, 50 (2019) 1417-1427.
[15] P. Zhou, W. Li*, H. Zhao, X. Jin, Role of microstructure on electrochemical hydrogen permeation properties in advanced high strength steels, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 43 (2018) 10905-10914.
[16] P. Zhou, W. Li*, X. Jin, Electrochemical Hydrogen Permeation Properties of MoS2 and Ni80Cr20 Films Prepared by Magnetron Sputtering on Pure Iron, Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 165 (2018) E256-E261.
[17] B. Liu, X. Lu, W. Li*, X. Jin, Enhanced wear resistance of nanotwinned austenite in higher Si nanostructured bainitic steel, Wear, 398-399 (2018) 22-28.
[18] Y. Li, Y. Lu, W. Li*, M. Khedr, H. Liu, X. Jin, Hierarchical microstructure design of a bimodal grained twinning-induced plasticity steel with excellent cryogenic mechanical properties, Acta Materialia, 158 (2018) 79-94.
[19] Y. Li, W. Li*, X. Zhu, H. Zhou, X. Jin, Mechanism of improved hydrogen embrittlement resistance of low-temperature plasma carburised stainless steel, Surface Engineering, 34 (2018) 189-192.
[20] Y. Li, W. Li*, W. Liu, X. Wang, X. Hua, H. Liu, X. Jin, The austenite reversion and co-precipitation behavior of an ultra-low carbon medium manganese quenching-partitioning-tempering steel, Acta Materialia, 146 (2018) 126-141.
[21] M. Khedr, W. Li*, X. Zhu, P. Zhou, S. Gao, X. Jin, Improving hydrogen embrittlement resistance of Hadfield steel by thermo-mechanical flash-treatment, Materials Science and Engineering: A, 712 (2018) 133-139.
[22] P. Zhou, W. Li*, Y. Li, X. Lu, X. Jin, J. Chen, Fabrication and Corrosion Performances of Pure Ni and Ni-Based Coatings Containing Rare Earth Element Ce and Graphene by Reverse Pulse Electrodeposition, Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 164 (2017) D75-D81.
[23] Y. Xu, Y. Nie, M. Wang, W. Li*, X. Jin, The effect of microstructure evolution on the mechanical properties of martensite ferritic steel during long-term aging, Acta Materialia, 131 (2017) 110-122.
[24] K. Wu, X. Lu, P. Zhou, W. Li*, X. Jin, Improved resistance to hydrogen embrittlement by tailoring the stability of retained austenite, Materials Science and Technology, (2017) 1-8.
[25] L. Luo, W. Li*, L. Wang, S. Zhou, X. Jin, Tensile behaviors and deformation mechanism of a medium Mn-TRIP steel at different temperatures, Materials Science and Engineering A, 682 (2017) 698-703.
[26] Y. Li, W. Li*, M. Na, W. Liu, X. Jin, Effects of hot/cold deformation on the microstructures and mechanical properties of ultra-low carbon medium manganese quenching-partitioning-tempering steels, Acta Materialia, 139 (2017) 96-108.
[27] Y. Li, W. Li*, J.C. Hu, H.M. Song, X.J. Jin, Compatible strain evolution in two phases due to epsilon martensite transformation in duplex TRIP-assisted stainless steels with high hydrogen embrittlement resistance, International Journal of Plasticity, 88 (2017) 53-69.
[28] W. Li, X. Zhu, J. Yao, X. Jin, X. Ding, Hydrogen traps and hydrogen induced cracking in 20CrMo steel, ISIJ International, 57 (2017) 170-175.
[29] W. Li, W. Guo, X. Zhu, X. Jin, X. Li, H. Dong, The effect of applied compressive stress on the diffusion of carbon in carbon supersaturated S-phase layer, Surface & Coatings Technology, (2017).
[30] X. Zhu, K. Zhang, W. Li*, X. Jin, Effect of retained austenite stability and morphology on the hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility in quenching and partitioning treated steels, Materials Science and Engineering: A, 658 (2016) 400-408.
[31] X. Zhu, W. Li*, H. Zhao, Q. Han, L. Wang, H. Jiao, X. Jin, Unveiling the Origin of Work Hardening Behavior in an Ultrafine-Grained Manganese Transformation-Induced Plasticity Steel by Hydrogen Investigation, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A: Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science, 47 (2016) 4362-4367.
[32] P. Zhou, W. Li*, X. Zhu, Y. Li, X. Jin, J. Chen, Graphene containing composite coatings as a protective coatings against hydrogen embrittlement in quenching & partitioning high strength steel, Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 163 (2016) 160-166.
[33] H.S. Zhao, W. Li*, X. Zhu, X.H. Lu, L. Wang, S. Zhou, X.J. Jin, Quantitative assessment of retained austenite in quenching and partitioning treated multiphase steel, Materials Science and Technology, 32 (2016) 1619-1624.
[34] H.S. Zhao, W. Li*, X. Zhu, X.H. Lu, L. Wang, S. Zhou, X.J. Jin, Analysis of the relationship between retained austenite locations and the deformation behavior of quenching and partitioning treated steels, Materials Science and Engineering: A, 649 (2016) 18-26.
[35] H. Zhao, W. Li*, L. Wang, S. Zhou, X. Jin, The Deformation Behavior Analysis and Mechanical Modeling of Step/Intercritical Quenching and Partitioning-Treated Multiphase Steels, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A: Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science, 47 (2016) 3943-3955.
[36] Y. Xiao, W. Li*, H.S. Zhao, X.W. Lu, X.J. Jin, Investigation of carbon segregation during low temperature tempering in a medium carbon steel, Materials Characterization, 117 (2016) 84-90.
[37] R. Wu, J. Li, W. Li, X. Wu, X. Jin, S. Zhou, L. Wang, Effect of metastable austenite on fracture resistance of quenched and partitioned (Q&P) sheet steels, Materials Science and Engineering: A, 657 (2016) 57-63.
[38] X. Lu, W. Li*, H. Zhao, X. Jin, Local plastic indentation resistance of retained austenite in bearing steel, ISIJ International, 56 (2016) 851-854.
[39] X. Zhu, W. Li*, T.Y. Hsu, S. Zhou, L. Wang, X. Jin, Improved resistance to hydrogen embrittlement in a high-strength steel by quenching–partitioning–tempering treatment, Scripta Materialia, 97 (2015) 21-24.
[40] R.-M. Wu, W. Li, C.-L. Wang, Y. Xiao, L. Wang, X.-J. Jin, Stability of Retained Austenite Through a Combined Intercritical Annealing and Quenching and Partitioning (IAQP) Treatment, Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 28 (2015) 386-393.
[41] X.-H. Lu, W. Li, C.-L. Wang, H.-S. Zhao, X.-J. Jin, Effects of Sub-zero Celsius Treatment and Tempering on the Stability of Retained Austenite in Bearing Steel, Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 28 (2015) 787-792.
[42] X. Lu, W. Li, M. Jin, N. Min, X. Jin, Mechanical spectroscopy of bearing steel, Archives of Metallurgy and Materials, 60 (2015) 2085-2091.
[43] W. Li, X. Zhu, C. Wang, X. Jin, Effect of S-phase on the Hydrogen Induced Phase Transition and Hydrogen Embrittlement Susceptibility in AISI 304 Stainless Steel, in: Materials Today: Proceedings, 2015, pp. S691-S695.
[44] X. Zhu, W. Li, H. Zhao, L. Wang, X. Jin, Hydrogen trapping sites and hydrogen-induced cracking in high strength quenching & partitioning (Q&P) treated steel, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 39 (2014) 13031-13040.
[45] H.S. Zhao, X. Zhu, W. Li*, X.J. Jin, L. Wang, H. Jiao, D.M. Jiang, Austenite stability for quenching and partitioning treated steel revealed by colour tint-etching method, Materials Science and Technology, 30 (2014) 1008-1013.
[46] R. Wu, W. Li, S. Zhou, Y. Zhong, L. Wang, X. Jin, Effect of Retained Austenite on the Fracture Toughness of Quenching and Partitioning (Q&P)-Treated Sheet Steels, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 45 (2014) 1892-1902.
[47] W. Li, X. Li, Y.L. Chiu, H. Dong, On the thermo-mechanical stability and oxidation behavior of carbon S-phase at elevated temperature and under tensile stress, Materials Science and Engineering: A, 600 (2014) 90-98.
[48] X. Zhu, W. Li, H. Zhao, X. Jin, Effects of cryogenic and tempered treatment on the hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility of TRIP-780 steels, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 38 (2013) 10694-10703.
[49] W. Li, X. Li, H. Dong, Effect of tensile stress on the formation of S-phase during low-temperature plasma carburizing of 316L foil, Acta Materialia, 59 (2011) 5765-5774.
1. Mechanism of S-phase formed on stainless steel and its stability under applied fields. NSFC,China
2. Joint research about hydrogen delayed fracture of high strength steels and the role of alloying elements for automobile application. HIMI-TMC
3. Toughening mechanism of high strength marine structural steel. National Basic Research Program of China.
4. Hydrogen embrittlement mechanism in hot stamping automobile steel. NSFC,China
2007 Overseas Research Students Awards Scheme(ORSAS) from the Higher Education Funding Council for England

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Summary for Elysium: Lore of long ago tells of a golden age when humans and animals were one with nature. Without warning a horrible catastrophe separated human's intellect from the animal's instinct. For eons the order of the universe turned to chaos. But legend also speaks of a time when the great chasm that divides us will close. A future where man and beast become one.


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Q: Even functions absorb composition? If $f(x)$ and $g(x)$ are real functions and $g$ is even, so is $f(g(x))$. Even functions are also closed under addition. I noticed that these are similar properties to those of an ideal of a ring, except composition doesn't distribute over addition in general so the ring structure isn't there. In abstract algebra are rings without the distributive property studied? If so, are homomorphisms related to sets closed under addition that absorb the multiplication operation, like they are for normal rings?

A: This question investigates another algebraic object that acts like a ring without a distributive law.
The main point of that thread is to discover another operation so that the distributive law does hold.  This is different from your question, but does get to the heart of what a ring is.  A ring is both an abelian group under addition, and a semigroup (a group without identity or inverses) under multiplication (where addition and multiplication are just the titles given to the two binary operations).  This additive and multiplicative structure doesn't interact with eachother in any way except through the distributive law.  In this way, the distributive law "links" the additive and multiplicative parts of the ring.  So, a ring without this distributive law is just two binary operations that share an underlying set of elements, but aren't required to interact with eachother in any meaningful way.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


ParselTongue is a Python interface to classic AIPS, Obit and possibly other task-based data reduction packages. It serves as the software infrastructure for some of the ALBUS implementation. It allows you to run AIPS tasks, and access AIPS headers and extension tables from Python. There is also support for running Obit tasks and accessing data in FITS files. Full access to the visibilities in AIPS UV data is also available.


text:
Edición Español
account_balancePolitics
equalizerBusiness
equalizerTourism
equalizerNation
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Versión español
Peru President greets former UN Secretary-General on his 100th birthday
Former Odebrecht representative: Andorra Bank bribes were intended for Garcia's Secretary
13:57 | Curitiba (Brazil), Apr. 24.
Former Odebrecht representative in Peru Jorge Barata on Wednesday affirmed ex-Secretary-General of the Presidency and former Minister Luis Nava was the real recipient of the bribes found in the Banca Privada D'Andorra account under the name of ex-President Alan Garcia's administration (2006-2011) official Miguel Atala, investigative journalism site IDL-Reporteros has informed.
Deposits amounting to US$1.3 million were found in Andorra made from Odebrecht to Ammarin Investment's offshore account —which belonged to former PetroPeru Vice-President Atala.
The ex-Odebrecht officer noted Nava and Atala were Garcia's "Maiman."
Likewise, Barata affirmed Luis Nava had used the alias "Chalan" in the archives of the Division of Structured Operations utilized by Odebrecht to register bribe payments. Meanwhile, his son Jose Antonio Nava had been known as "Bandido."
A story mentioned that Odebrecht had made payments worth over US$4 million to Don Reyna Transport Company —owned by Jose A. Nava— which provided services to the Brazilian construction corporation.
It should be noted Peru's Judicial Branch on April 17 ordered preliminary detention of Luis Nava and Miguel Atala, as well as seven other citizens —including Garcia— over alleged bribes for the awarding of Lima Metro Line 1 to the Brazilian company. On that day, the former Head of State shot himself after learning about the order.
Thus, Nava —and six other people involved in the matter— currently serve 10-day preliminary detention.
He went on to add Jose A. Nava —who is in the United States— was aware Odebrecht had bribed his father.
Furthermore, the ex-Odebrecht officer mentioned he had maintained a close relationship with Nava Sr. during ex-President Garcia's second term in office (2006-2011).
Moreover, he indicated that "speaking with Luis Nava was like speaking with Alan Garcia," adding that Nava did not have any kind of influence, unless he used the name of the ex-Head of State.
According to the Prosecutor's Office, the Lima Metro Line bribe payments may be linked to former President Alan Garcia.
Visits to Government Palace
Barata told Peruvian Prosecutors that he had frequently visited the Government Palace to meet with the then-President, with whom he had regular conversations, traveled, inaugurated projects, and ate lunch sometimes.
Furthermore, the ex-Odebrecht officer stated he had talked about the Lima Metro Line with Garcia on more than one occasion and suggested that it should be a public work contract. That way, the State would pay for the works, and the company would not have to find private financing.
Barata made statements to Peruvian Prosecutors Jose Domingo Perez and Rafael Vela on the alleged bribes paid for the Lima Metro Line Project.
Remarks were made on the second day of interrogations taking place in Brazil thru April 26.
Collaboration agreement
In mid-February, Peru's Lava Jato Case Special Prosecution Group signed the long-awaited collaboration agreement with Odebrecht representatives and former employees in Brazil.
This deal is intended to procure evidence and testimonies for the investigation of corruption cases in the Andean nation.
As is known, the Brazilian construction giant admitted to having paid millions in bribes to government officials in Peru, in order to secure public-works contracts.
As a result, Odebrecht benefited from over US$143 million between 2005 and 2014 in Peru, according to the U.S. Justice Department.
In addition, four ex-Presidents have been linked to the Brazilian company such as: Alejandro Toledo (2001-2006), Alan Garcia (2006-2011), Ollanta Humala (2011-2016), and Pedro Pablo Kuczynski (2016-2018).
Former presidential candidate Keiko Fujimori —currently under preventive detention— also allegedly received money from Odebrecht for her 2011 campaign.
Odebrecht will pay S/610 million (around US$182 million) —plus interests that may arise— in civil reparations to the Peruvian State over a period of 15 years as part of this agreement.
(END) FHG/RES/DTK/MVB
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General Manager: Nelly Patricia Zavaleta Vertiz
Editor-in-Chief: Félix Paz Quiroz
Telephone: (51-1) 315 0400 Fax: 431 2849
© 2017 Peru News Agency. All Rights reserved.


I am a very outgoing person who loves talking to people and getting them excited in whatever I am promoting. I just recently started in the industry and I have had so much fun that I am to continue building up my resume. I am a recent college graduate and I am starting a Master's program in the fall. I am looking to do promotional gigs in my spare time, mainly on the weekends starting in late August 2009, however I am completely available until then. I am very interested in culture, so I love meeting new and different types of people and as such I have had experience working with various cultures. I am highly dependable and I pride myself in having a high work ethic. View my contact details, availability, and stats.
I have 4 years of experience in customer service with working in retail and at a gym.
I've skated a lot when I was younger and when I have skated lately, I am not a pro but I got the basics down.


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This book is a narrative and cultural guide describing an arc around Thailand's north-western and north-eastern borders with Burma and Laos. It maps out an exciting frontier journey from Chiang Mai to Nan, taking in the KMT Chinese outposts of Nong Ook and Mae Salong, the recently vacated opium warlord territories of Hin Taek and Doi Larng, Mae Sai and the "Golden Triangle", the ancient Mekong riverfront towns of Chiang Saen and Chiang Khong, the Tai Lue weaving village of Huai Khon, and a swathe of remote mountainous jungle extending down the Lao border as far as Bo Bia. On the way, the text features separate exemplary in-depth cultural-historical accounts of the KMT, the Communist insurgency, the demise of opium baron Khun Sa, the weaving of the Tai Lue people, Nan's temple murals, salt extraction at Bo Glua, Thailand's recent economic crash, and the history of Lan-Na, of Chiang Mai, and Chiang Saen, as well as accounts of several minority peoples, including the Wa, Akha, Hmong, Yao, Tai Lue, Palaung, Lua (Htin), and the "Stone Age" Mrabri or "Spirits of the Yellow Leaves". The book is the most comprehensive and authoritative overview of this whole fascinating region available.


text:
How to Write a Discursive Essay
ISAIAH DAVID
... Ingram Publishing/Ingram Publishing/Getty Images
A discursive essay, sometimes called a argument essay, is a critical analysis of a controversial topic that supports an opinion about that topic. The writer of a discursive essay attempts to present both sides of an issue, while showing why one side has greater merit. Discursive writing is a good way to learn how to structure an argument logically and to anticipate and counter the arguments of the other side. These fundamentals are essential for a good essay.
Introduce a controversial topic in the first paragraph and explain the topic and how you feel about it.
Explain your strongest argument in the second paragraph. This should be the most compelling piece of evidence that you can support logically to aid your position. Strengthen it with expert opinions, statistics and real-world examples, but avoid anecdotal claims, especially when writing college essays.
Write supporting paragraphs in descending order of importance. Each paragraph should illustrate a single argument.
Explain the counterarguments to your essay's thesis. Explain their beliefs and reasoning as completely as possible. Don't artificially weaken your opponent's arguments. Your essay will be stronger if you represent the counterarguments fairly.
Explain why you reject the opponent's arguments. Your reasons might be moral, practical or logical. You may start with a concession statement, admitting that some of the opposing arguments are valid, but state that you still think your side is right.
Write a conclusion for your discursive essay that acknowledges your opponents' principal argument, and explain why you don't subscribe to it. For example, if you were writing a paper against the death penalty, you might say, "I acknowledge that murderers deserve the most severe punishment society has, but I believe the death penalty should not be used because it can lead to the execution of innocent people."
Isaiah David is a freelance writer and musician living in Portland, Ore. He has over five years experience as a professional writer and has been published on various online outlets. He holds a degree in creative writing from the University of Michigan.
Research Paper Topics on Gun Control
How to Write an Ethics Paper
How to Write an Introduction for an Argument Essay
How do I Develop Deductive Reasoning & Critical Thinking...
Important Elements in Writing Argument Essays
How to Write a Persuasive Essay
What Are the Differences Between Bias & Fallacy?
The Difference Between Discursive & Argumentative Essays
Tips for High School Students on Creating Introductions...
How to Write a Paper on Strengths & Weaknesses
How to Write a Hook for an Essay
What Is a Moral Thesis Statement?
Good Ways to Start an Essay
Essay Paper Ideas on Federalism
What Is a Lead-in Statement?
How to Write Academic Persuasive Papers
How to Write About an Ethical Dilemma
How to Write an Essay That Stands Out
How to Handle Being Insulted
How to Write a Resemblance Argument Essay


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Jews in the American Military
Hall of Heroes: American Jewish Recipients of the Medal of Honor
Major General Julius Klein: His Life and Work
Captain Joshua L. Goldberg Memorial Chapel
Continuing Exhibitions
Hidden Treasures: Selections from Our Permanent Collection
Jewish War Veterans' 1933 Protest March Against Nazi Germany
A Mother's Grief
Honoring the Liberators
Stories from the Blog
GIs Remember Video Series
Echoes of the Maccabees: Restoring the Temple after WWII
Solomon Isquith and the Attack On Pearl Harbor
Jewish American Immigrants in the Military During WWI
Over There: Profiles of American Jews in World War I
American Jewish Service Members in the Gulf War
Service Around the World – Submit Your Story
Women in the Military – Submit Your Story
Planned Exhibition: Jewish American military service during Vietnam
Collection and Archives Overview and Guidelines for Donating Materials
Alan S. Brown Scholar Series
Traveling Displays
Jews in the American Military Recommended Reading
Recommended Viewing
Remembrance Walk Paver Program
Our Heroes Photos
Museum Development Programs
Room Sponsorship Opportunities
Yahrzeit
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John Lee Levitow
American Jewish Recipients of the Medal of Honor
Rank: Sergeant (at time of action: Airman First Class)
Service: U.S. Air Force
Unit: 3d Special Operations Squadron
Place of Birth: Hartford, Connecticut
Date of Death:November 8, 2000
Battle or Place of Action: Over Long Binh Army Post, Republic of Vietnam
Date of Action: February 24, 1969
For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity in action at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty. Sgt. Levitow (then A1c.), U.S. Air Force, distinguished himself by exceptional heroism while assigned as a loadmaster aboard an AC-47 aircraft flying a night mission in support of Long Binh Army post. Sgt. Levitow's aircraft was struck by a hostile mortar round. The resulting explosion ripped a hole 2 feet in diameter through the wing and fragments made over 3,500 holes in the fuselage. All occupants of the cargo compartment were wounded and helplessly slammed against the floor and fuselage. The explosion tore an activated flare from the grasp of a crewmember who had been launching flares to provide illumination for Army ground troops engaged in combat. Sgt. Levitow, though stunned by the concussion of the blast and suffering from over 40 fragment wounds in the back and legs, staggered to his feet and turned to assist the man nearest to him who had been knocked down and was bleeding heavily. As he was moving his wounded comrade forward and away from the opened cargo compartment door, he saw the smoking flare ahead of him in the aisle. Realizing the danger involved and completely disregarding his own wounds, Sgt. Levitow started toward the burning flare. The aircraft was partially out of control and the flare was rolling wildly from side to side. Sgt. Levitow struggled forward despite the loss of blood from his many wounds and the partial loss of feeling in his right leg. Unable to grasp the rolling flare with his hands, he threw himself bodily upon the burning flare. Hugging the deadly device to his body, he dragged himself back to the rear of the aircraft and hurled the flare through the open cargo door. At that instant the flare separated and ignited in the air, but clear of the aircraft. Sgt. Levitow, by his selfless and heroic actions, saved the aircraft and its entire crew from certain death and destruction. Sgt. Levitow's gallantry, his profound concern for his fellowmen, at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty are in keeping with the highest traditions of the U.S. Air Force and reflect great credit upon himself and the Armed Forces of his country.
Note: John Levitow was an active member of Jewish War Veterans of the U.S.A. Post 45. His signed application certifies he is "of Jewish faith." He is included on the list of Jewish Medal of Honor recipients on that basis.
Benjamin Levy
David Urbansky
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Indian Wars
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Ben L. Salomon
Tibor Rubin
Leonard M. Kravitz
Open Sunday by appointment only for 6 or more people
3:00 pm – 4:30 pm, February 4, 2021 – Online Event - Comrades Betrayed: Jewish World War I Veterans under Hitler - Michael Geheran
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Museum is closed until further notice. Check back for updates. Stay safe!


The BDN's "Safe at School" editorial on Nov. 13 expounds upon relevant points and inspires the onus to be placed upon all public schools in Maine for the implementation of protective measures to guard against any scenarios with deadly consequences as a possible result.
While recognizing that various protocols (i.e. cameras, posted staff, etc.) may improve reactions to emergencies, the greater solution lies with the expansive protective umbrella available to all schools willing to participate in its implementation.
I have consistently proposed that every school select one or two educators to be enrolled in the 100-hour police reserve training course and become trained as a reserve police officer. The resulting certifications would enable these individuals to carry concealed firearms with them and have instantly verifiable identification to display (i.e. neck pendants) in the event of police entering the building while answering a crisis call.
Only the school principal, superintendent, and the head of the school board would know the identification of these individuals.
Training costs would be borne by individual school districts, with the anticipation of at least a five-year service by the individuals involved. Failure to complete a five-year service would obligate reimbursement by those leaving prematurely.
Implementing this program would provide a "built-in," immediately accessible, professionally trained, and student-geared cadre, which would be available to address critical situations while additional support units are being summoned.
While no series of vulnerabilities or horrors can be guarded against in an absolute manner, this proposal would offer schools a viable option to prepare for situations in the most unthinkable of scenarios.


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Dianne Mercier Honored as Manchester Citizen of the year
By Lauren Getts April 26, 2017 Advocacy, Chamber Insights
At Greater Manchester Chamber of Commerce 2017 Annual Dinner
Dianne Mercier, President – NH, People's United Bank, was named Citizen of the Year at the Greater Manchester Chamber of Commerce (GMCC) 2017 Annual Dinner and Citizen of the Year Celebration on Thursday, April 20th, at the Radisson in Manchester. This event sold out, with over 750 members of the business community in attendance to show their support. Joe Reilly, NH Regional President of Eastern Bank, presented Dianne with the award.
"Dianne's work has greatly impacted our business community, non-profit organizations, and the chamber," said Andy Crews, 2017 GMCC Annual Dinner and Citizen of the Year Celebration Chairman and CEO of AutoFair Automotive Group.
"I can personally attest to how special this award is and the importance of celebrating citizenship and civic leadership in our community. Dianne Mercier embodies these same values and is a most deserving honoree," said Crews.
The evening began with a reception for all Past Citizens of the Year and event sponsors, hosted by Eversource. Attendees then enjoyed a cocktail reception sponsored by Bellwether Community Credit Union. Before dinner began, Past Citizens of the year were paraded through the crowd, escorted by kids from the Manchester Boys and Girls Club, thanks to UNH Manchester and table settings were enjoyed courtesy of Cross Insurance. The main course was sponsored by People's United Bank, wine sponsored by LaBelle Winery, champagne sponsored by Brady Sullivan Properties, and following dinner a dessert reception was sponsored by AutoFair.
The theme of the evening focused on the words that define both Dianne Mercier and the Chamber community:
Civic Duty, Generosity, Strength, Dedication, Kindness, Motivation, and Leadership.
This was represented in words used in the décor for the celebration, designed by Spectrum Marketing Companies. St. Mary's Bank sponsored the incredible centerpieces for this year's event, also designed by Spectrum Marketing Companies and Print New Hampshire.
Dianne Mercier has leveraged her role in the banking industry to create an ideal "Live, Work & Play," environment in the state while assisting and supporting local organizations. Since 2009, Dianne has served as People's United Bank President for New Hampshire. She began her banking career in New Hampshire in 1985 and has spent the past 30 years in the state's banking industry. Dianne and her husband John are longtime residents of Manchester where they raised their children, Sarah and Robert, and are now the proud grandparents of Paxtyn and Parker.
"Dianne epitomizes the characteristics of the Citizen of the Year award through her incredible achievements as a business leader and her amazing commitment to community service," said Michael Skelton, GMCC President and CEO. "Dianne has had a positive impact on every nonprofit Board of Directors she has served on, which is a testament to both her leadership skills and generosity."
Skelton expressed that the chamber is both honored and thrilled to add Dianne to the list of esteemed individuals who have received the Citizen of the Year award, over the years.
Dianne was nominated for Citizen of the Year by Doreen Manetta, Vice President and Market Manager at People's United Bank. In her nomination, Doreen said, "For 11 years I have witnessed Dianne's passion and intense work ethic within her professional career, as well as her generosity in giving back to the community in her civic and charitable activities. She is a woman of action and a true leader."
Since 1954 the Greater Manchester Chamber of Commerce has presented one outstanding individual the Citizen of the Year Award. This outstanding group of individuals has been paramount in shaping the GMCC's agenda and the community. The Citizen of the Year award recognizes an individual with outstanding leadership and citizenship in the community, while demonstrating exemplary vision, civic pride and commitment to the betterment of society. To be nominated, the individual should live in the greater Manchester area and his or her activities should be centered in the same area. Recognition is given for leadership and performance in several areas of community service over a period of years.
Click here to read more about Dianne Mercier!
Previous PostLegislative Update April 28, 2017
Next PostLegislative Update April 21, 2017


text:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;

namespace CommunitySite.Controllers
{
    public class HomeController : Controller
    {
        [AllowAnonymous]
        public ActionResult Index()
        {
            ViewBag.Date = DateTime.Now;

            return View();
        }

        [AllowAnonymous]
        public ActionResult About()
        {
            ViewBag.Message = "About page placeholder.";

            return View();
        }

        public ActionResult History()
        {
            ViewBag.Message = "History Page placeholder.";

            return View();
        }

        public ActionResult Contact()
        {
            ViewBag.Message = "Contact page placeholder.";

            return View();
        }

        public ActionResult Forbidden()
        {
            if (Request.UrlReferrer != null)
                ViewBag.returnURL = Request.UrlReferrer.LocalPath;
            else
                ViewBag.returnURL = "/";

            return View();
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Italy's Luxottica and France's Essilor have agreed a 46 billion euros ($49 billion) merger to create a global giant with annual revenue of more than 15 billion euros.
The deal, one of Europe's largest cross-border tie-ups, brings together Luxottica, the world's top spectacles maker with brands such as Oakley and Ray-Ban, with Essilor, the world's leading manufacturer of ophthalmic lenses.
"Finally ... two products which are naturally complementary - namely frames and lenses - will be designed, manufactured and distributed under the same roof," Luxottica's 81-year-old founder Leonardo Del Vecchio said in a statement.
By merging, the companies will be better positioned to take advantage of strong demand in a $95 billion market expected to achieve continued growth because of an aging global population and increasing awareness about eye care in Asia and Latin America.


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Jovenel Moise (Haiti President) – Bio, Net Worth, Story, Death, Death Cause, Wife, Parents, Family, Nationality, Age, Wiki, Facts, Assasination, Kids
July 8, 2021 wikiodin Famous People 0
Jovenel Moise was a Haitian entrepreneur and politician. Moise served as the President of Haiti from 2017 until his assassination in 2021. Moise and his wife were attacked in their private residence in Petion-Ville in the early morning of 7 July 2021. Moise's wife Martin survived the attack but the Haitian president was killed. He was one of the known businessmen in Haiti who had investments in several business sectors.
What is Jovenel Moise Famous For?
Served as President of Haiti from 2017 until his assassination in July 2021.
Where is Jovenel Moise From?
Jovenel Moise was born on 26 June 1968. His birth place is in Trou-du-Nord in Haiti. He held Haitian nationality. He was born to his father Etienne Moise and his mother Lucia Bruno. He belonged to the African-American ethnicity. The family moved to Port-au-Prince in 1974. He continued his primary studies at Ecole Nationale Don Durelin. He continued his secondary studies at Lycee Toussaint Louverture and Centre Culturel du College Canado-Haitien.
Jovenel Moise Business Career
After marriage, the family moved to Port-de-Paix to develop rural areas in 1996.
He launched his first business in Port-de-Paix, JOMAR Auto Parts from little investment capital.
He also began the development of an agricultural project of organic banana production from a plantation extending to over 10 hectares of land in the Nord-Ouest department.
He partnered with Culligan in 2001 to start a drinking water plant for distribution to the Nord-Ouest and Nord-Est departments.
He founded AGRITRANS SA in 2012. He introduced project NOURRIBIO to Trou du Nord and helped create Haiti's first agricultural free trade zone, a 1000-hectare banana plantation in Nord-Est.
Agritans created over 600 jobs.
Read Also: Who is Elizabeth Hurley's Son, Damian Hurley? Is He Gay or Staright?
Jovenel Moise Political Career
Then-President Michel Martelly designated Jovenel Moise as the presidential candidate for the Haitian Tet Kale Party (PHTK) in 2015.
Martelly was the founder of the party.
During his presidential campaign, Moise promoted bio-ecological agriculture as an economic engine for Haiti.
Moise qualified for a runoff election after receiving a 32.8% vote in the first round election in October 2015.
However, many called the election result fraudulent. Thousands of people took to the streets in violent protests.
The runoff election was postponed.
The ballot was annulled in June 2016.
At the end of his term in February 2016, President Michel Martelly stepped down from the position.
Jocelerme Privert became the interim President.
Election officials confirmed in November 2016 that he had won the 2016 election in the first round.
He came in first place with 55.67% of the vote at the presidential level for the November 2016 elections.
He won the President without having to compete in a second-round election.
He was sworn in as the President of Haiti on 7 February 2017.
He met US Ambassador to the United Nations, Kelly Craft in November 2019.
Source: @people
Who was Jovenel Moise Wife?
Jovenel Moise was a married man. He was married to Martine Marie Etienne Joseph who was previously classmates. They got married in 1996. The couple has 3 children together, Jomarlie, Jovenel Jr., and Joverlein.
Source: @pinterest
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Jovenel Moise Cause of Death
Haiti President Jovenel Moise was killed in an assassination on 7 July 2021. Unidentified gunmen attacked his residence in Petion-Ville and killed Moise. The First lady of Haiti, Martine Moise suffered wounds during the attacks. She was taken to the hospital. Interim Prime Minister Claude Joseph succeeded Moise as acting President.
What is Jovenel Moise Net Worth?
Jovenel Moise was the wealthiest businessman in Haiti. He had several business investments there. He had investments in several sectors, especially in agriculture. Not much detail about his wealth is available. Thus, his net worth is not available at present.
Jovenel Moise
Jovenel Moise Affairs
Jovenel Moise Height
Jovenel Moise Nationality
Jovenel Moise Net Worth
Jovenel Moise Weight
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The founder of Montreal's EyeSteelFilm will receive the $10,000 prize at the Hot Docs Awards presentation on Friday.
EyeSteelFilm founder Daniel Cross is this year's winner of the Don Haig Award.
The prize — now in its 12th year — is presented annually to a Canadian independent producer with a feature documentary competing at Hot Docs. The award, which is selected by a jury of independent producers, recognizes a producer for his or her body of work, creative vision and commitment to mentoring emerging Canadian filmmakers.
Cross is an associate professor and the research chair in interactive documentary at the Mel Hoppenheim School of Cinema at Concordia University in Montreal. His most recent film I Am the Blues picked up the best feature documentary prize at the 2017 CSAs.
EyeSteelFilm is supporting five documentaries at Hot Docs this year, including A Cambodian Spring, Let There be Light and Tokyo Idols.
A this year's award winner, Cross will receive a US $7,300 cash prize courtesy of the Don Haig Foundation and Telefilm Canada at the Hot Docs Awards presentation on May 5.
As part of the award, the recipient can name an emerging female documentary filmmaker to receive a $5,000 cash prize from Telefilm Canada, as well as professional development opportunities a the Hot Docs Festival. Cross has selected Kalina Bertin, whose debut feature Manic, produced by EyeSteel, debuted at Hot Docs this year.
Past recipients of the Don Haig Award include League of Exotique Dancers producer and Storyline Entertainment CEO Ed Barreveld, veteran producer Anne Pick, Michael McNamara, Merit Jensen Carr Carr, Mia Donovan and others.


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Q: AWS lambda function error - Unable to import module 'index': Error I'm trying to create a lambda in nodejs. Following the documentation, I have created a zip file with lambda function, node_modules and package.json. The structure of my lambda zip file is as follows:
my-lambda-function/
|
|---util/
|     |
|     |--util-1.js
|     |--util-2.js
|---api/
|     |
|     |--api-call-1.js
|     |--api-call-2.js
|
|---config
|     |
|     |--env/
|     | |--env-file-1.js
|     |
|     |--config-file-1.js
|     |--config-file-2.js
|
|---node_modules/
|     |
|     |--module-1/
|     |--module-2/
|---index.js
|---package.json

For creating the this zip file I'm using a gulp task,
gulp.task('zip', ['test'], () => {
 const buildArtifact = ['index.js', 'package.json', 'util/**',
 'config/**', 'api/**'];
 Object.keys(pjson.dependencies).forEach((dep) => {
  buildArtifact.push(`node_modules/${dep}/**/*`);
 });
 const zipFile = `${pjson.name}.zip`;
 return gulp.src(buildArtifact, { base: '.' })
   .pipe(zip(zipFile))
   .pipe(gulp.dest('build'));
});

This lambda is running locally with lambda-local. But while testing this lambda is throwing error
Unable to import module 'index': Error
at Function.Module._resolveFilename (module.js:547:15)
at Function.Module._load (module.js:474:25)
at Module.require (module.js:596:17)
at require (internal/module.js:11:18)
at Object.<anonymous> (/var/task/node_modules/ioredis/built/utils/lodash.js:2:19)
at Module._compile (module.js:652:30)
at Object.Module._extensions..js (module.js:663:10)
at Module.load (module.js:565:32)

Current error is pointing to ioredis module (which is available in node_modues folder), but if I remove the usage of ioredis from the code (by removing the imports for ioredis) then the error changes to another node module.
It seems my lambda function is unable to load/find the node_modules.
Is it due to lambda is failing to install npm?
Any pointers to solve this would be helpful as we are struggling with this for a few days
Thanks
More details

*

*We can reproduce the error by deleting the node_modules folder and then running the lambda locally

*If I remove all my dependencies, a trivial logging statement will work.

*The lambda is using node 8.10 in aws

Answer (@Kannaiyan)
Changing the zip task to:
gulp.task('npm-install', () => gulp.src('./package.json')
  .pipe(gulp.dest('build/'))
  .pipe(install({ production: true })));

worked for me.

A:
Unable to import module 'index': Error

It looks like some of your dependencies are installed / not packaged correctly. Delete the node_modules directory and re-install the module with npm install should fix the issue.
Make sure your function get packaged as mentioned in the doc https://docs.aws.amazon.com/lambda/latest/dg/nodejs-create-deployment-pkg.html
If your bundle missed a node_module, then it will result in this error.
EDIT1:
You got an issue with gulp packaging.
The following example has the complete documentation for packaging lambda with gulp.
https://medium.com/@AdamRNeary/a-gulp-workflow-for-amazon-lambda-61c2afd723b6
Hope it helps.

A: Also got this error when creating an AWS::Serverless::Function using CloudFormation, and specifying the code with InlineCode, where the code referenced a dependency that was not bundled in the selected Runtime.
Note that some packages are included in the runtime (eg. nodejs8.10 seems to have at least aws-sdk and util).