text:
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Collections.Immutable;
using System.Linq;
using Analyzer.Utilities;
using Analyzer.Utilities.Extensions;
using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis;
using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.Diagnostics;

namespace Microsoft.CodeQuality.Analyzers.ApiDesignGuidelines
{
    /// <summary>
    /// CA1711: Identifiers should not have incorrect suffix
    /// </summary>
    [DiagnosticAnalyzer(LanguageNames.CSharp, LanguageNames.VisualBasic)]
    public sealed class IdentifiersShouldNotHaveIncorrectSuffixAnalyzer : DiagnosticAnalyzer
    {
        internal const string RuleId = "CA1711";

        private static readonly LocalizableString s_localizableTitle = new LocalizableResourceString(nameof(MicrosoftCodeQualityAnalyzersResources.IdentifiersShouldNotHaveIncorrectSuffixTitle), MicrosoftCodeQualityAnalyzersResources.ResourceManager, typeof(MicrosoftCodeQualityAnalyzersResources));

        private static readonly LocalizableString s_localizableMessageTypeNoAlternate = new LocalizableResourceString(nameof(MicrosoftCodeQualityAnalyzersResources.IdentifiersShouldNotHaveIncorrectSuffixMessageTypeNoAlternate), MicrosoftCodeQualityAnalyzersResources.ResourceManager, typeof(MicrosoftCodeQualityAnalyzersResources));
        private static readonly LocalizableString s_localizableMessageMemberNewerVersion = new LocalizableResourceString(nameof(MicrosoftCodeQualityAnalyzersResources.IdentifiersShouldNotHaveIncorrectSuffixMessageMemberNewerVersion), MicrosoftCodeQualityAnalyzersResources.ResourceManager, typeof(MicrosoftCodeQualityAnalyzersResources));
        private static readonly LocalizableString s_localizableMessageTypeNewerVersion = new LocalizableResourceString(nameof(MicrosoftCodeQualityAnalyzersResources.IdentifiersShouldNotHaveIncorrectSuffixMessageTypeNewerVersion), MicrosoftCodeQualityAnalyzersResources.ResourceManager, typeof(MicrosoftCodeQualityAnalyzersResources));
        private static readonly LocalizableString s_localizableMessageMemberWithAlternate = new LocalizableResourceString(nameof(MicrosoftCodeQualityAnalyzersResources.IdentifiersShouldNotHaveIncorrectSuffixMessageMemberWithAlternate), MicrosoftCodeQualityAnalyzersResources.ResourceManager, typeof(MicrosoftCodeQualityAnalyzersResources));
        private static readonly LocalizableString s_localizableDescription = new LocalizableResourceString(nameof(MicrosoftCodeQualityAnalyzersResources.IdentifiersShouldNotHaveIncorrectSuffixDescription), MicrosoftCodeQualityAnalyzersResources.ResourceManager, typeof(MicrosoftCodeQualityAnalyzersResources));

        internal static DiagnosticDescriptor TypeNoAlternateRule = DiagnosticDescriptorHelper.Create(RuleId,
                                                                             s_localizableTitle,
                                                                             s_localizableMessageTypeNoAlternate,
                                                                             DiagnosticCategory.Naming,
                                                                             RuleLevel.IdeHidden_BulkConfigurable,
                                                                             description: s_localizableDescription,
                                                                             isPortedFxCopRule: true,
                                                                             isDataflowRule: false,
                                                                             isEnabledByDefaultInFxCopAnalyzers: false);
        internal static DiagnosticDescriptor MemberNewerVersionRule = DiagnosticDescriptorHelper.Create(RuleId,
                                                                             s_localizableTitle,
                                                                             s_localizableMessageMemberNewerVersion,
                                                                             DiagnosticCategory.Naming,
                                                                             RuleLevel.IdeHidden_BulkConfigurable,
                                                                             description: s_localizableDescription,
                                                                             isPortedFxCopRule: true,
                                                                             isDataflowRule: false,
                                                                             isEnabledByDefaultInFxCopAnalyzers: false);
        internal static DiagnosticDescriptor TypeNewerVersionRule = DiagnosticDescriptorHelper.Create(RuleId,
                                                                             s_localizableTitle,
                                                                             s_localizableMessageTypeNewerVersion,
                                                                             DiagnosticCategory.Naming,
                                                                             RuleLevel.IdeHidden_BulkConfigurable,
                                                                             description: s_localizableDescription,
                                                                             isPortedFxCopRule: true,
                                                                             isDataflowRule: false,
                                                                             isEnabledByDefaultInFxCopAnalyzers: false);
        internal static DiagnosticDescriptor MemberWithAlternateRule = DiagnosticDescriptorHelper.Create(RuleId,
                                                                             s_localizableTitle,
                                                                             s_localizableMessageMemberWithAlternate,
                                                                             DiagnosticCategory.Naming,
                                                                             RuleLevel.IdeHidden_BulkConfigurable,
                                                                             description: s_localizableDescription,
                                                                             isPortedFxCopRule: true,
                                                                             isDataflowRule: false,
                                                                             isEnabledByDefaultInFxCopAnalyzers: false);

        public override ImmutableArray<DiagnosticDescriptor> SupportedDiagnostics => ImmutableArray.Create(
            TypeNoAlternateRule,
            MemberNewerVersionRule,
            TypeNewerVersionRule,
            MemberWithAlternateRule);

        internal const string AttributeSuffix = "Attribute";
        internal const string CollectionSuffix = "Collection";
        internal const string DictionarySuffix = "Dictionary";
        internal const string EventArgsSuffix = "EventArgs";
        internal const string EventHandlerSuffix = "EventHandler";
        internal const string ExSuffix = "Ex";
        internal const string ExceptionSuffix = "Exception";
        internal const string NewSuffix = "New";
        internal const string PermissionSuffix = "Permission";
        internal const string StreamSuffix = "Stream";
        internal const string DelegateSuffix = "Delegate";
        internal const string EnumSuffix = "Enum";
        internal const string ImplSuffix = "Impl";
        internal const string CoreSuffix = "Core";
        internal const string QueueSuffix = "Queue";
        internal const string StackSuffix = "Stack";
        internal const string FlagSuffix = "Flag";
        internal const string FlagsSuffix = "Flags";

        // Dictionary that maps from a type name suffix to the set of base types from which
        // a type with that suffix is permitted to derive.
        private static readonly ImmutableDictionary<string, ImmutableArray<string>> s_suffixToBaseTypeNamesDictionary = ImmutableDictionary.CreateRange(
            new Dictionary<string, ImmutableArray<string>>
            {
                [AttributeSuffix] = ImmutableArray.CreateRange(new[] { "System.Attribute" }),
                [CollectionSuffix] = ImmutableArray.CreateRange(new[] { "System.Collections.IEnumerable" }),
                [DictionarySuffix] = ImmutableArray.CreateRange(new[] { "System.Collections.IDictionary", "System.Collections.Generic.IDictionary`2", "System.Collections.Generic.IReadOnlyDictionary`2" }),
                [EventArgsSuffix] = ImmutableArray.CreateRange(new[] { "System.EventArgs" }),
                [ExceptionSuffix] = ImmutableArray.CreateRange(new[] { "System.Exception" }),
                [PermissionSuffix] = ImmutableArray.CreateRange(new[] { "System.Security.IPermission" }),
                [StreamSuffix] = ImmutableArray.CreateRange(new[] { "System.IO.Stream" }),
                [QueueSuffix] = ImmutableArray.CreateRange(new[] { "System.Collections.Queue", "System.Collections.Generic.Queue`1" }),
                [StackSuffix] = ImmutableArray.CreateRange(new[] { "System.Collections.Stack", "System.Collections.Generic.Stack`1" })
            });

        // Dictionary from type name suffix to an array containing the only types that are
        // allowed to have that suffix.
        private static readonly ImmutableDictionary<string, ImmutableArray<string>> s_suffixToAllowedTypesDictionary = ImmutableDictionary.CreateRange(
            new Dictionary<string, ImmutableArray<string>>
            {
                [DelegateSuffix] = ImmutableArray.CreateRange(new[] { "System.Delegate", "System.MulticastDelegate" }),
                [EventHandlerSuffix] = ImmutableArray.CreateRange(new[] { "System.EventHandler" }),
                [EnumSuffix] = ImmutableArray.CreateRange(new[] { "System.Enum" })
            });

        public override void Initialize(AnalysisContext analysisContext)
        {
            analysisContext.EnableConcurrentExecution();
            analysisContext.ConfigureGeneratedCodeAnalysis(GeneratedCodeAnalysisFlags.None);

            // Analyze type names.
            analysisContext.RegisterCompilationStartAction(
                compilationStartAnalysisContext =>
                {
                    var suffixToBaseTypeDictionaryBuilder = ImmutableDictionary.CreateBuilder<string, ImmutableArray<INamedTypeSymbol>>();

                    foreach (string suffix in s_suffixToBaseTypeNamesDictionary.Keys)
                    {
                        ImmutableArray<string> typeNames = s_suffixToBaseTypeNamesDictionary[suffix];

                        ImmutableArray<INamedTypeSymbol> namedTypeSymbolArray = ImmutableArray.CreateRange(
                            typeNames.Select(typeName => compilationStartAnalysisContext.Compilation.GetOrCreateTypeByMetadataName(typeName)?.OriginalDefinition).WhereNotNull());

                        suffixToBaseTypeDictionaryBuilder.Add(suffix, namedTypeSymbolArray);
                    }

                    var suffixToBaseTypeDictionary = suffixToBaseTypeDictionaryBuilder.ToImmutableDictionary();

                    compilationStartAnalysisContext.RegisterSymbolAction(
                        (SymbolAnalysisContext symbolAnalysisContext) =>
                        {
                            var namedTypeSymbol = (INamedTypeSymbol)symbolAnalysisContext.Symbol;

                            // Note all the descriptors/rules for this analyzer have the same ID and category and hence
                            // will always have identical configured visibility.
                            if (!namedTypeSymbol.MatchesConfiguredVisibility(symbolAnalysisContext.Options, TypeNoAlternateRule, symbolAnalysisContext.Compilation, symbolAnalysisContext.CancellationToken))
                            {
                                return;
                            }

                            var allowedSuffixes = symbolAnalysisContext.Options.GetStringOptionValue(EditorConfigOptionNames.AllowedSuffixes, TypeNoAlternateRule,
                                    namedTypeSymbol.Locations[0].SourceTree, symbolAnalysisContext.Compilation, symbolAnalysisContext.CancellationToken)
                                .Split('|')
                                .ToImmutableHashSet();

                            string name = namedTypeSymbol.Name;
                            Compilation compilation = symbolAnalysisContext.Compilation;

                            foreach (string suffix in s_suffixToBaseTypeNamesDictionary.Keys)
                            {
                                if (IsNotChildOfAnyButHasSuffix(namedTypeSymbol, suffixToBaseTypeDictionary[suffix], suffix, allowedSuffixes))
                                {
                                    symbolAnalysisContext.ReportDiagnostic(
                                        namedTypeSymbol.CreateDiagnostic(TypeNoAlternateRule, name, suffix));
                                    return;
                                }
                            }

                            foreach (string suffix in s_suffixToAllowedTypesDictionary.Keys)
                            {
                                if (IsInvalidSuffix(name, suffix, allowedSuffixes)
                                    && !s_suffixToAllowedTypesDictionary[suffix].Contains(name))
                                {
                                    symbolAnalysisContext.ReportDiagnostic(
                                        namedTypeSymbol.CreateDiagnostic(TypeNoAlternateRule, name, suffix));
                                    return;
                                }
                            }

                            if (IsInvalidSuffix(name, ImplSuffix, allowedSuffixes))
                            {
                                symbolAnalysisContext.ReportDiagnostic(
                                    namedTypeSymbol.CreateDiagnostic(MemberWithAlternateRule, ImplSuffix, name, CoreSuffix));
                                return;
                            }

                            // FxCop performed the length check for "Ex", but not for any of the other
                            // suffixes, because alone among the suffixes, "Ex" is the only one that
                            // isn't itself a known type or a language keyword.
                            if (IsInvalidSuffix(name, ExSuffix, allowedSuffixes) && name.Length > ExSuffix.Length)
                            {
                                symbolAnalysisContext.ReportDiagnostic(
                                    namedTypeSymbol.CreateDiagnostic(TypeNewerVersionRule, ExSuffix, name));
                                return;
                            }

                            if (IsInvalidSuffix(name, NewSuffix, allowedSuffixes))
                            {
                                symbolAnalysisContext.ReportDiagnostic(
                                    namedTypeSymbol.CreateDiagnostic(TypeNewerVersionRule, NewSuffix, name));
                                return;
                            }

                            if (namedTypeSymbol.TypeKind == TypeKind.Enum)
                            {
                                if (IsInvalidSuffix(name, FlagSuffix, allowedSuffixes))
                                {
                                    symbolAnalysisContext.ReportDiagnostic(
                                        namedTypeSymbol.CreateDiagnostic(TypeNoAlternateRule, name, FlagSuffix));
                                    return;
                                }

                                if (IsInvalidSuffix(name, FlagsSuffix, allowedSuffixes))
                                {
                                    symbolAnalysisContext.ReportDiagnostic(
                                        namedTypeSymbol.CreateDiagnostic(TypeNoAlternateRule, name, FlagsSuffix));
                                    return;
                                }
                            }
                        }, SymbolKind.NamedType);
                });

            // Analyze method names.
            analysisContext.RegisterSymbolAction(
                (SymbolAnalysisContext context) =>
                {
                    var memberSymbol = context.Symbol;

                    // Note all the descriptors/rules for this analyzer have the same ID and category and hence
                    // will always have identical configured visibility.
                    if (!memberSymbol.MatchesConfiguredVisibility(context.Options, TypeNoAlternateRule, context.Compilation, context.CancellationToken))
                    {
                        return;
                    }

                    if (memberSymbol.IsOverride || memberSymbol.IsImplementationOfAnyInterfaceMember())
                    {
                        return;
                    }

                    // If this is a method, and it's actually the getter or setter of a property,
                    // then don't complain. We'll complain about the property itself.
                    if (memberSymbol is IMethodSymbol methodSymbol && methodSymbol.IsPropertyAccessor())
                    {
                        return;
                    }

                    string name = memberSymbol.Name;

                    var allowedSuffixes = context.Options.GetStringOptionValue(EditorConfigOptionNames.AllowedSuffixes, TypeNoAlternateRule,
                            memberSymbol.Locations[0].SourceTree, context.Compilation, context.CancellationToken)
                        .Split('|')
                        .ToImmutableHashSet();

                    if (IsInvalidSuffix(name, ExSuffix, allowedSuffixes))
                    {
                        context.ReportDiagnostic(
                            memberSymbol.CreateDiagnostic(MemberNewerVersionRule, ExSuffix, name));
                        return;
                    }

                    // We only fire on member suffix "New" if the type already defines
                    // another member minus the suffix, e.g., we only fire on "MemberNew" if
                    // "Member" already exists. For some reason FxCop did not apply the
                    // same logic to the "Ex" suffix, and we follow FxCop's implementation.
                    if (IsInvalidSuffix(name, NewSuffix, allowedSuffixes))
                    {
                        string nameWithoutSuffix = name.WithoutSuffix(NewSuffix);
                        INamedTypeSymbol containingType = memberSymbol.ContainingType;

                        if (MemberNameExistsInHierarchy(nameWithoutSuffix, containingType, memberSymbol.Kind))
                        {
                            context.ReportDiagnostic(
                                memberSymbol.CreateDiagnostic(MemberNewerVersionRule, NewSuffix, name));
                            return;
                        }
                    }

                    if (IsInvalidSuffix(name, ImplSuffix, allowedSuffixes))
                    {
                        context.ReportDiagnostic(
                            memberSymbol.CreateDiagnostic(MemberWithAlternateRule, ImplSuffix, name, CoreSuffix));
                    }
                }, SymbolKind.Event, SymbolKind.Field, SymbolKind.Method, SymbolKind.Property);
        }

        private static bool MemberNameExistsInHierarchy(string memberName, INamedTypeSymbol containingType, SymbolKind kind)
        {
            for (INamedTypeSymbol baseType = containingType; baseType != null; baseType = baseType.BaseType)
            {
                if (baseType.GetMembers(memberName).Any(member => member.Kind == kind))
                {
                    return true;
                }
            }

            return false;
        }

        private static bool IsNotChildOfAnyButHasSuffix(INamedTypeSymbol namedTypeSymbol, ImmutableArray<INamedTypeSymbol> parentTypes, string suffix, ImmutableHashSet<string> allowedSuffixes)
        {
            if (parentTypes.IsEmpty)
            {
                // Bail out if we cannot find any well-known types with the suffix in the compilation.
                return false;
            }

            return IsInvalidSuffix(namedTypeSymbol.Name, suffix, allowedSuffixes)
                && !parentTypes.Any(parentType => namedTypeSymbol.DerivesFromOrImplementsAnyConstructionOf(parentType));
        }

        private static bool IsInvalidSuffix(string name, string suffix, ImmutableHashSet<string> allowedSuffixes)
            => !allowedSuffixes.Contains(suffix) && name.HasSuffix(suffix);
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Downloadable Dignity Coloring Book
Global Dignity
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Giovanna Mingarelli
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As the CEO and Co-Founder of MC2 and M&C Consulting, Giovanna plays the dual role of international technology entrepreneur and thought leader. An expert on gamification of social engagement, politics and crowdsourcing, she has been an active contributor to events such as the World Economic Forum's Annual Meeting in Davos and is a regular contributor to the Huffington Post, The Hill Times, CBC/Radio-Canada amongst other media outlets. She has served in the press office of a former Prime Minister of Canada and has been a Parliamentary witness, speaking to the importance of young women in elected politics. In 2015 she was named one of Canada's Top 100 Most Powerful Women and a Top 45 Creative by Origin Magazine. She is a World Economic Forum Global Shaper and graduated from Carleton University with an Honours degree in Political Science and International Relations.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Functional demonstration of connexin-protein binding using surface plasmon resonance
David C. Spray
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) allows examination of protein-protein interactions in real time, from which both binding affinities and kinetics can be directly determined. We have used the SPR technique to search for proteins in heart tissue that would be candidate binding partners for the cardiac gap junction protein, connexin43 (Cx43). Heart lysate showed a strong, pH-dependent binding to the carboxyl terminus (CT) of Cx43 (amino acids 254-382) covalently linked to an SPR cuvette. Binding was inhibited by the presence of v-src transfected 3T3 cell lysate, suggesting that binding partners in these two lysates may compete for overlapping epitopes on Cx43CT. The combined application of proteomic and functional studies is expected to identify which proteins within heart tissue interact with Cx43 and what roles they may play in gap junction function.
Cell Communication and Adhesion
Connexin-protein
Connexin43
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Functional demonstration of connexin-protein binding using surface plasmon resonance'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Surface plasmon resonance Chemical Compounds
Surface Plasmon Resonance Medicine & Life Sciences
Connexins Medicine & Life Sciences
Protein Binding Medicine & Life Sciences
Connexin 43 Medicine & Life Sciences
Demonstrations Chemical Compounds
Heart Medicine & Life Sciences
Spray, D. C. (2001). Functional demonstration of connexin-protein binding using surface plasmon resonance. Cell Communication and Adhesion, 8(3), 225-229.
Functional demonstration of connexin-protein binding using surface plasmon resonance. / Spray, David C.
In: Cell Communication and Adhesion, Vol. 8, No. 3, 01.12.2001, p. 225-229.
Spray, DC 2001, 'Functional demonstration of connexin-protein binding using surface plasmon resonance', Cell Communication and Adhesion, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 225-229.
Spray DC. Functional demonstration of connexin-protein binding using surface plasmon resonance. Cell Communication and Adhesion. 2001 Dec 1;8(3):225-229.
Spray, David C. / Functional demonstration of connexin-protein binding using surface plasmon resonance. In: Cell Communication and Adhesion. 2001 ; Vol. 8, No. 3. pp. 225-229.
@article{f6090e8433d54228abfd848bb10cc4e0,
title = "Functional demonstration of connexin-protein binding using surface plasmon resonance",
abstract = "Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) allows examination of protein-protein interactions in real time, from which both binding affinities and kinetics can be directly determined. We have used the SPR technique to search for proteins in heart tissue that would be candidate binding partners for the cardiac gap junction protein, connexin43 (Cx43). Heart lysate showed a strong, pH-dependent binding to the carboxyl terminus (CT) of Cx43 (amino acids 254-382) covalently linked to an SPR cuvette. Binding was inhibited by the presence of v-src transfected 3T3 cell lysate, suggesting that binding partners in these two lysates may compete for overlapping epitopes on Cx43CT. The combined application of proteomic and functional studies is expected to identify which proteins within heart tissue interact with Cx43 and what roles they may play in gap junction function.",
keywords = "Connexin-protein, Connexin43, Surface plasmon resonance, ZO-1",
author = "Spray, {David C.}",
journal = "Cell Communication and Adhesion",
publisher = "Informa Healthcare",
T1 - Functional demonstration of connexin-protein binding using surface plasmon resonance
AU - Spray, David C.
N2 - Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) allows examination of protein-protein interactions in real time, from which both binding affinities and kinetics can be directly determined. We have used the SPR technique to search for proteins in heart tissue that would be candidate binding partners for the cardiac gap junction protein, connexin43 (Cx43). Heart lysate showed a strong, pH-dependent binding to the carboxyl terminus (CT) of Cx43 (amino acids 254-382) covalently linked to an SPR cuvette. Binding was inhibited by the presence of v-src transfected 3T3 cell lysate, suggesting that binding partners in these two lysates may compete for overlapping epitopes on Cx43CT. The combined application of proteomic and functional studies is expected to identify which proteins within heart tissue interact with Cx43 and what roles they may play in gap junction function.
AB - Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) allows examination of protein-protein interactions in real time, from which both binding affinities and kinetics can be directly determined. We have used the SPR technique to search for proteins in heart tissue that would be candidate binding partners for the cardiac gap junction protein, connexin43 (Cx43). Heart lysate showed a strong, pH-dependent binding to the carboxyl terminus (CT) of Cx43 (amino acids 254-382) covalently linked to an SPR cuvette. Binding was inhibited by the presence of v-src transfected 3T3 cell lysate, suggesting that binding partners in these two lysates may compete for overlapping epitopes on Cx43CT. The combined application of proteomic and functional studies is expected to identify which proteins within heart tissue interact with Cx43 and what roles they may play in gap junction function.
KW - Connexin-protein
KW - Connexin43
KW - Surface plasmon resonance
KW - ZO-1
JO - Cell Communication and Adhesion
JF - Cell Communication and Adhesion


text:
An American Family: The Kennans--the First Three Generations
W.W. Norton, 2000 - Biography & Autobiography - 136 pages
Accompany George Kennan as he explores his family's roots in the American past.
George F. Kennan has forged one of the most illustrious careers in the annals of American letters and politics. His prophetic American Diplomacy influenced several generations of Cold War policy makers, and Sketches from a Life, one of the most lyrical accounts of a life in public service ever written, chronicled his extraordinary diplomatic career spanning more than half a century. As a consummate statesman and prolific writer, Kennan has distinguished himself as one of the most influential figures of the twentieth century.
Now in his late nineties, Kennan turns an eye to a matter closer to his heart in An American Family: The Kennans. Embarking on a genealogical journey spanning several decades, he traces the roots of the Kennan family back more than five generations, discovering a family history that has all the makings of a classic American story. Beginning with the Kennans' life of unmitigated poverty in Scotland in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, An American Family details the Kennan family's passage to America and the hardships they faced as early settlers in Connecticut and Massachusetts, "the epitome of the backcountry family of the most remote northern fringes of New England life." He adroitly captures life in colonial times and in the period following the Revolutionary War, and chronicles the major events of a nation's early history with the rare intimacy of a family member reflecting on his forebears.
Filled with lively and sometimes haunting vignettes collected from archives and libraries across New England, An American Family is a fascinating detective story and brings to fruition a family memoir begun by Kennan's grandfather nearly a century ago. Graceful yet revealing, it is a cherished reminder of three hundred years of a nation's history through the eyes and words of one of America's most remarkable sons.
George F. Kennan was America's most acclaimed Cold War diplomat as well as a prize-winning historian and author.
Title An American Family: The Kennans--the First Three Generations
Author George Frost Kennan
Publisher W.W. Norton, 2000
Biography & Autobiography / Literary Figures
History / United States / General


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We provide leadership for mental health care within the Central East Local Health Integration Network (Central East LHIN) and throughout the province. Our role in the community extends beyond Ontario Shores to assist others who work with individuals recovering from serious mental illness.
Ontario Shores and its Board of Directors actively engage with the community through a variety of public events, tours, focus groups and consultations as part of our commitment to strengthen the mental health care system and ensure that we continue to meet the needs of the communities we serve. If you are interested in participating in future consultations, please contact Communications and Public Affairs at 905.430.4001 or communications@ontarioshores.ca.


text:
Moral Crusades in an Age of Mistrust: The Jimmy Savile Scandal by Frank Furedi
Frank Furedi sets out to do two things in this book. First, he analyses the media circus that ensued after the 2012 airing of a BBC Newsnight report on allegations of sexual abuses committed by the entertainer Jimmy Savile; it presented, among other things, false allegations against Lord McAlpine, and in its wake came the resignation of BBC director-general George Entwistle and widespread journalistic licence that prompted Prime Minister David Cameron to warn against witch-hunts. Second, he examines how such scandals point to the desire for moral surety and moral crusade in a time of deep social disconnection.
On the first point, Furedi succeeds in showing how such scandals take on unruly lives of their own. He chronicles the increasingly hyperbolic nature of coverage of the Savile story, and raises important points about the "open secret" of Savile's predilections and how criticism of the hedonism of the 1960s and 1970s displaced consideration of the tacit consent offered by those around Savile at the time.
But it is in Furedi's second aim - explanation of the sociological mechanism of crusades - that his analysis ultimately falls short. He rightly asserts that the body of the child and its safety has become one of the last sacred spaces in a fragmented culture. Reports of its violation thus prompt a collective focus on moral boundary-setting that can have dangerous consequences. As he notes: "Savile's abuse of children should be interpreted as the catalyst that unleashed the pre-existing mistrust and resentment of unsettled and uncertain moral communities." For Furedi, shifts in the social construction of the child (as more sacred than utilitarian), anxious parenting, fears about "toxic childhoods", the rise of victim culture and extension of the term "abuse" are all to blame.
What is lost is the way each of these points relates back to the Savile case and any sense of the sociological nuance surrounding what it means to live in a culture in which constructing singular monsters dilutes the complexity of the sexual exploitation of children and young people. Indeed, after the first three of eight very short chapters, Moral Crusades in an Age of Mistrust reads like an unfocused rant against a culture bent on hindering individual freedom, a culture where being a victim is apparently more desirable than individual achievement and where everything is seen as abuse.
What is most astonishing, however, is that any consideration of feminism, other than via a few derisive sentences, is completely absent from this text. For example, in his chapter on the social construction of abuse discourse, Furedi fails to mention that the concept of sexual abuse was a feminist response to actual violence against children.
Unlike authors such as James Kincaid, Steven Angelides, Dany Nobus, Karen Sternheimer and Philip Jenkins whose work carefully probes our culture's narratives to render visible our paradoxical and vexed relationship to children, sexuality and sexual abuse, Furedi seems all too ready to settle into a reductionist argument about moral crusades. Because of this, what he cannot seem to hold in the balance is that the issue of child sexual abuse is deeply complex: that while children are sexually exploited more often than not in the home (or very close to it), our culture focuses on the threat of "stranger danger"; that there are systems of laws in place regarding paedophilia that are draconian at best and inhumane at worst, leaving little room for the harder work of restorative justice in families and communities (including the excellent work of the activist organisation Generation Five); that power difference and violence are not uncommon in molestation but that not all individuals who have experienced intergenerational sex view their relationships within this frame; and finally, as numerous studies have shown, that in addition to our penchant for innocence, our culture is also deeply suspicious of children and their sexuality.
Much like the recent Jerry Sandusky case in the US, what the Savile case illuminates is how stories of the past are often what psychoanalysts refer to as "screen memories", and that reducing this case to the story of an evil individual serves to repress discussion of far more painful issues of violence in extended families, institutional neglect and our unresolved cultural ambivalence about children and sexuality.
Enid Linder Foundation / Royal College of Surgeons Consultant Senior Lecturer in Clinical Trials


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Return to: Home > News > Standards > HoL enquiry questions value of IFRS
HoL enquiry questions value of IFRS
Global accounting standards are unnecessary and IFRS rules must not take precedence over a true and fair view on accounts, Institute of Economic Affairs chairman David Myddelton told the UK House of Lords economics affairs committee yesterday.
International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) member Steve Cooper dismissed Myddelton's views and said that prior to IFRS, accounts lacked transparency on a global scale, making it difficult for investors to compare companies from different countries.
"I don't think true and fair value is endangered with IFRSs," Cooper said.
He added that IFRS does not merely encourage box-ticking but instead enables accountants to work towards true and fair view on accounts.
But according to Myddelton, having a single set of accounting standards is making it easier for governments to interfere, stressing that one set of standards can lead to systemic risk.
The Lords committee expressed concern over the US adoption of IFRS, but were told by Cooper that there will be a decision by the US Securities and Exchange Commission, towards the end of the year by which time some companies may be allowed to use the standard.
The HoL committee is primarily interested in audit market contrition; but have taken a detailed look at the financial crisis, reviewing all the factors involved in the audit of banks and large listed companies.
Over the past three months the committee has heard the opinion of several witnesses, including academics, who say IFRS involves a large amount of box-ticking. But the investment community, large companies as well as the accountancy firms have all expressed support towards a global set of accounting standards.
After hearing the views on IFRS the audit committee heard from several more witnesses and is expected to hear from banks in the coming weeks as part of the ongoing UK House of Lords enquiry.


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The Internet's Magna Carta Moment: Bitcoin & The Value of Strong Assurances
Spencer Bogart
General Partner at Blockchain Capital. Investing in people, companies, and protocols building future of crypto. Former Bitcoin Analyst and VP at Needham & Co.
The Internet's Magna Carta Moment: Bitcoin & The Value of Strong Assurances
By Spencer Bogart
Symbolically, the Magna Carta marked a long-standing movement toward broader applicability of rule-of-law (Kings and Nobles not immune to rule of law) and people's rights (rights for everyone, not just the elite).
By providing stronger assurances regarding property rights and rule-of-law, this movement changed economic incentives in favor of investment and growth which ultimately, hundreds of years later, led to the UK's Bill of Rights, the industrial revolution, and a vast improvement in the human condition.
Similarly, highly decentralized networks are providing an open foundation with strong assurances for objective property rights, impersonal rules and consistent enforcement.
An important difference, however, is that with the Magna Carta, the powers on high decided to relinquish some of their privileges and rights — first to nobles and elites and, eventually, to everyone.
In contrast, highly decentralized networks are constructing these rights in reverse — starting from the ground up with the "every-man". These networks don't ask for the king's permission to exist and facilitate the rights they offer — they simply are.
A profound implication
A profound implication of some highly decentralized networks is the opportunity, at scale, to deliver stronger assurances than even the largest nation-states today — and in doing so to offer a robust, digital foundation for economic growth.
The Bitcoin network, for example, is a self-contained, rules-based, self-arbitrating court where valid transactions are clearly defined, objectively verifiable, and unerringly enforced by network participants. More on that to follow, but we're getting ahead of ourselves…
WTF are "strong assurances"?
First, what do we mean by "strong assurances"?
Simply put, "strong assurances" means "the rules are the rules" and they will be enforced consistently and objectively. In practice, we're also talking about defining and enforcing property rights: Your exclusive right to determine the use of a good, earn income from the good and to transfer the good to others.
Why strong assurances matter
Overall, property rights and "strong assurances" may sound like a mundane topic, but property rights are a foundational component of economic growth and a primary explanatory variable for understanding differences in growth outcomes between jurisdictions.¹ ² ³ ⁴
Intuitively, it makes sense: Innovators and builders take their ability and ingenuity to where they can build with the least uncertainty. The greater the risk of unexpected outcomes or enforcement (rule-changes, asset seizures, etc), the less inclined builders are to incur the risk of operating on a particular platform or country. This intuition is supported unequivocally by the growth trajectories of countries that have provided the strongest assurances and property rights for participants.¹
Said differently, strong assurances are valuable in that they de-risk economic activity and, consequently, encourage growth. If it were an actionable trade, investors would have been handsomely rewarded by "going long" jurisdictions that offered strong property rights over the past 100 years — these jurisdictions account for most of the world's economic growth over the same period.
In particular the main transmission channels that lead from strong property rights and consistent rules-enforcement to economic growth include:
1. Reducing the risk of expropriation: More likely to invest time, money and labor when the fruits of such efforts are less likely to be seized unexpectedly.
2. Reducing the risk of unfavorable rule changes: Investors and operators are more likely to invest and build when the rules of the system are less likely to shift beneath their feet.
3. Reducing the cost of protecting assets: If ownership is ill-defined, participants must allocate greater time and resources to engaging in activities that might subsequently define ownership (or risk that others will). For example, if private keys define ownership, then users can focus time toward securing private keys (instead of myriad activities that might subsequently redefine ownership).
4. Increasing the opportunities to realize gains from trade: With clearly defined and publicly recognizable property rights, owners can engage in contractual arrangements for the asset and more fully utilize the asset to maximize value production.
Strong assurances in a digital, decentralized context
As we move to a world where people increasingly build in the cloud, economic activity will migrate to a digital equivalent: an accessible digital foundation that offers strong assurances and consistently enforces clearly defined (digital) property rights. Such a platform will be increasingly valuable as the frontier of economic activity pushes further into the digital world.
Considering there's billions of dollars and millions of man-hours dedicated to building the parallel world of crypto-finance, the foundational platform(s) — the highly decentralized networks — that underpin it all are mission critical. The networks that attract and retain builders in the medium to long-term will be the ones that deliver a track record of strong assurances — a track record of consistent and objective rule enforcement.
Historically, strong assurances of this sort have only been possible via strong and credible central authorities that commit to defending stated rights and rules with vast resources (e.g. powerful nation states).
Interestingly though, once we depart from a strong centralized authority, strong assurances might only be possible at the other end of the spectrum: via highly decentralized networks. The middle ground — quasi-decentralized networks — will likely be co-opted by economic and social pressures in such a way that they present an inferior option (weak assurances) relative to both centralized and highly decentralized alternatives (more on that here: The Long Game in Crypto- Why Decentralization Matters).
A network of strong assurances: Bitcoin as an institution for digital property rights
Bitcoin, for example, offers a self-contained, reliable foundation for property rights in a digital world. The Bitcoin network is a rules-based, self-arbitrating court — it's likely the fairest, most transparent and most predictable court in the world.
This is due, in no small part, to the fact that the Bitcoin network intentionally limits its scope to enforcing a minimal set of functions. This deliberately limited network scope offers participants greater predictability in the outcome and enforcement of network activity: Valid transactions are clearly defined, objectively identifiable, and unerringly enforced by the network.
In this way, the Bitcoin network is a decentralized institution that defines, monitors, and enforces property rights. It is a reliable foundation of strong assurances on top of which we can efficiently architect arbitrary degrees of complexity and allow innovation and economic growth to flourish.
Ultimately, strong assurances are fundamental to human progress as most economic growth has gravitated toward and emanated from jurisdictions that offered strong property rights coupled with consistent rules and enforcement.
In the jurisdiction of the Cloud — which is witnessing unprecedented growth in economic activity — highly decentralized networks are taking the notion of strong assurances even further:
· Global in nature: The strong assurances offered by highly decentralized networks like Bitcoin are global in nature (whereas, historically, strong assurances have been limited by geography and citizenship).
· Clearly defined: The Bitcoin network's rules are clearly defined whereas most historical rights and rule-sets have left ample room for subjective interpretation — an additional element of risk.
· Perfectly Enforced: The Bitcoin network enforces its rule-set objectively and unerringly — something every justice system ostensibly seeks to accomplish, but none have delivered on.
In the end, highly decentralized networks like Bitcoin offer a fertile foundation for economic growth in the digital world and will likely be important underpinnings of our increasingly digital economy. Much like how, at the turn of the 20th century, jurisdictions that offered strong assurances for economic activity were at the center of innovation and growth, so too will highly decentralized networks like Bitcoin that offer strong assurances prove to be fruitful for growth and development of the digital world.
[1] Claessens Stijn and Luc Laeven. "Financial Development, Property Rights, and Growth." Journal of Finance. 2003 December: 58(6): 2401–2436.
[2] Kerekes, Carrie and Claudia Williamson. Unveiling de Soto's mystery: property rights, capital formation, and development. Journal of Institutional Economics. 2008 December: 4(3): 299–325.
[3] North, D. (1990), Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[4] Acemoglu, Daron and Johnson, Simon and Robinson, James A. "Institutions as a Fundamental Cause of Long-Run Growth". Handbook of Economic Growth, Volume 1A. MIT.
Tags: CY18 Q2, Spencer Bogart


I tried to figure out why the plugin didn't work "out of the box" for me.
Let's say today is January 31. Current index value is 2042 (2011 + 31). Sitemap won't be updated until index value increases... Which won't happen until January 31, 2012!
Is it make any difference ??
Just downloaded this plugin and while it creates a sitemap, it is far from correct.
If anyone has messed with this lately, I'd love to hear about it!
I made it work just by removing the & .


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Home / Parallax Visions
Parallax Visions
Making Sense of American–East Asian Relations at the End of the Century
Asia-Pacific: Culture, Politics, and Society
More about this series
Book Pages: 288 Illustrations: David Whitehouse, International Socialist Review Published: May 1999
Author: Bruce Cumings
American Studies, Asian Studies > East Asia, History > Asian History
In a work that synthesizes crucial developments in international relations at the close of the twentieth century, Bruce Cumings—a leading historian of contemporary East Asia—provides a nuanced understanding of how the United States has loomed over the modern history and culture of East Asia. By offering correctives to widely held yet largely inaccurate assessments of the affairs of this region, Parallax Visions shows how relations between the United States, Japan, Vietnam, North and South Korea, China, and Taiwan have been structured by their perceptions and misperceptions of each other.
Using information based on thirty years of research, Cumings offers a new perspective on a wide range of issues that originated with the cold war—with particular focus on the possibly inappropriate collaboration between universities, foundations, and intelligence agencies. Seeking to explode the presuppositions that Americans usually bring to the understanding of our relations with East Asia, the study ranges over much of the history of the twentieth century in East Asian–American relations—Pearl Harbor, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the Korean War, and more recent difficulties in U.S. relations with China and Japan. Cumings also rebuts U.S. media coverage of North Korea's nuclear diplomacy in the 1990s and examines how experiences of colonialism and postcolonialism have had varying effects on economic development in each of these countries. Positing that the central defining experience of twentieth-century East Asia has been its entanglement first with British and Japanese imperialism, and then with the United States, Cumings ends with a discussion of how the situation could change over the next century as the economic and political global clout of the United States declines.
Illuminating the sometimes self-deluded ideology of cold war America, Parallax Visions will engage historians, political scientists, and students and scholars of comparative politics and social theory, as well as readers interested in questions of modernity and the role of the United States in shaping the destinies of modernizing societies in Asia.
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Bruce Cumings is Norman and Edna Freehling Professor of History at the University of Chicago. He has won numerous awards and is the author of the acclaimed books Korea's Place in the Sun, War and Television, and The Origins of the Korean War. Cumings writes regularly for The Nation, the Atlantic Monthly, the Los Angeles Times, and the New York Times Book Review.
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Paper ISBN: 978-0-8223-2924-4 / Cloth ISBN: 978-0-8223-2276-4
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The Intimacies of Four Continents
José Martí′s Our America
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The Revolution Will Not Be Funded
The Invention of Capitalism
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Here City
Snyder978-1-64317-199-9
Paperback - $13.99PDF - $9.99
978-1-64317-199-9 (paperback, $13.99); 978-1-64317-200-2 (PDF, $9.99) © 2021 by Parlor Press, 78 pages
Paul Vangelisti, "The City Speaks: Recent New York and Los Angeles Poetry," Los Angeles Review of Books, 13 June 2021.
Lennart Lundh, Manhattan Book Review, April, 2021.
I always thought that Frank O'Hara was really a modern Catullus, transported to cast a naughty eye over NYC, so who is Rick Snyder? I suppose Lucretius is one guess, with his observant materialism, tonal modesty and plain living, but there's also humour here, the irony of Aristophanes, bouncing through Bakhtin, Deleuze and Plato. Then there's the hints of a pastoral Theocritus landed in Tennessee. Euripides, Catullus as well . . . he's a poet with more than one string to his classical bow, but then there's Wordsworth, and Ashbery, and even Basho and yes, O'Hara playing through these flash card collages and lyrical odes and oddities, atomistic instances and grand speculations. In short measure we traverse a universe of contemporary ephemera and centuries of lyric play. What remains constant here is the magic of wit and the living eye that makes lyric poetry live on every page. —Martin Corless-Smith
In sly and witty lyrics, Rick Snyder forges elegies out of the neon debris of neo-liberal America. His cityscapes are simultaneously ironic and sublime, a balancing act only possible through his exacting craft and pitch-perfect ear. The poems in Here City are self-aware, reflexive, and full of wily surprise. —Joanna Fuhrman
Rick Snyder is an archaeologist of alienation. His poetry sifts the debris of our current predicament through classical and New American filters and makes us acutely aware that what we expect or want most from the world nearly always evades us. "In medias res came and went / like an accident / exists when it ends." Each strange artifact he unearths puts us at a loss. Its "trace haunts you but leaves no feeling." Here City is further evidence that this poet of spare, taut lines deserves careful attention. —John Tipton
The finely tuned lyrics in Here City chart the psychic harmonies and dislocations of real and virtual urban landscapes. Combining the observational acuity of the Objectivists with irreverent wit of the New York School poets, this collection provocatively asks what it means to write "lyric poetry after America."
Rick Snyder is the author of Escape from Combray (Ugly Duckling, 2009) and six chapbooks. His poems have appeared in Barrow Street, Conduit, Fence, jubilat, LIT, Posit, and other journals, as well as in the Poetry Society of America's Poem-A-Day project and the syndicated column American Life in Poetry. He is also a translator and scholar. His translations of ancient poetry have appeared in Circumference, jubilat, Ping Pong, and other journals, and his articles on modern and contemporary poetry and translation have appeared in Jacket, Occasion, and Radical Society. He currently lives in Long Beach, California, and is an assistant teaching professor in the classics department at the University of California, Irvine.


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Posted infeatures
Ireland votes on the right to life on Friday
by Michael Kirke May 23, 2018 May 1, 2020 / 3 mins /
It's almost over. The world's media, which has been observing this cold civil war from a distance with growing curiosity for the past three or four months, is now descending on this little island to shine its spotlight on the victors and the vanquished. Ireland's people go to the polls on Friday, not to elect a new parliament but to express its sovereign will to its existing parliament on a matter of life and death.
In doing so it will, in a constitutional referendum, tell its Government one of two things: either that it wishes to be part of what we might consider mainstream 21st Century modernity, or that it wishes to swim against that particular current and declare that all human life is sacred and that, from conception to death, the right to life of each human being in its jurisdiction must be vindicated.
All wars are – to understate the case – unpleasant. Civil wars are especially so. In most wars you face your enemy on the battle field. In civil was you live and work side by side, rub shoulders, share train journeys with those who become your adversary. Believe me, there is something gut-wrenching about that.
Ireland is no stranger to civil war. The body count in the civil war which followed the victory which brought it legislative independence from Britain was greater that the war of independence itself. This civil war, although cold in character, is about an even more fundamental issue – the very right to life itself of the unborn.
In 1983, a far seeing group of ordinary Irish people perceived the cultural shift which was taking place in Western social values. The US Supreme court had made its judgement on Roe Vs Wade. The parliament in the neighbouring but considerably more influential island of Britain had legalised abortion, not with the intention of providing abortion on demand but in fact doing just that. They could see no guarantee that an Irish legislature, more influenced by a liberal national and international media than by the views and values of ordinary Irish people, would not follow the same path.
They made and promoted a proposal whereby an amendment would be made to the Irish Constitution guaranteeing the equal right to life of mothers and their unborn children – the very right which both British and American legislation had taken away. Cleverly seizing a moment in which the balance of party politics was fragile, they succeeded in getting an undertaking from legislators that such a proposal would be put to the people in a referendum. By something in the region of a two-thirds majority of the electorate the proposal was accepted and became a foundation for the law of the State.
A significant proportion of the dissenting one-third has, one might say, not had a decent night's sleep since. Decade after decade they have organised themselves to undermine the will of that majority. Further referendums were held, court decisions were made which complicated matters, the United Nations and the European Courts were marshalled to rail against it. Opinion polls suggest that they have now swung the majority of Irish people against the right to life of the unborn. Friday's poll, the only poll that counts, will confirm or refute that assessment. In the referendum the people are being asked, "yes" or "no" if they wish to remove the article from the constitution which was placed there 35 years ago.
The Irish Government, composed of a coalition of liberal conservatives and some quite left-wing independents, is campaigning for its removal, saying that because a significant number of Irish people go to Britain for abortion, the article has failed to do what it was intended to do. With the exception of some left-radical parties, there is no party whip in place and people and politicians opposing removal of the article argue that on the contrary, even with those travelling abroad for abortion, Ireland's constitutional protection of the unborn has saved a hundred thousand lives since 1983.
The protagonists in this battle know that it is just that – a battle. The war of which it is part is a more universal one. Hence the interest of the international media in the outcome. For the Irish themselves they know that if the 21st Century social warriors win, the next stage will be surrogacy, gender redefinitions and much more, all in line with the international cultural Marxist agenda.
The defenders of life will have to cope with that as best they can – but they will not go away quietly. Should the defenders of life win on Friday they know that they still have their work cut out for them to win back the minds and hearts which they have lost over decades of erosion by the media and the political establishment. They are up for it. They know that there will be no resting on laurels as they did after their 1983 victory.
Michael Kirke writes from Dublin and blogs at Garvan Hill, where this article first appeared. It is republished with permission.
Michael Kirke
kirke.426@mercatornet.com
Michael Kirke was born in Ireland. In 1966 he graduated from University College Dublin (History and Politics). In that year he began working on the sub-editorial desk of The Evening... More by Michael Kirke
Tagged: abortion, Ireland


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John Moore / Getty Images
Congress Needs to Fix Immigration Visa Quotas to Boost Economy
By Laura Foote Reiff
Jan. 18, 2023, 9:00 AM
Greenberg Traurig shareholder Laura Foote Reiff says Congress can spur the economy by reforming the employment-based visa quota system. Steps include recapturing unused visas and exempting certain individuals from quotas.
Business immigration visa quotas have long presented a major hurdle for employers and employees. There is no logic to the quota systems that Congress has in place, and quotas are not accurately connected with economic reality.
The current systems exist in both the employment-based immigrant visa categories that lead to permanent residence and in the non-immigrant work visa categories.
It is important for the US economy that Congress takes the necessary steps to update the employment-based visa system and reform the quota issue. Without these changes, employers will continue to struggle to fill jobs in many industries, such as nursing, and other highly skilled positions.
Employment-Based Visas
The employment-based, or IV, quota system is complex, with priority dates and places in a queue per immigrant visa category and country. There are approximately 140,000 IVs available in five preference categories.
Under the per-country cap established in 1990, no country can receive more than 7% of the total number of employment-based preference IVs each year. There have been many attempts to eliminate the per-country quotas as they severely impact a small number of countries, like India, and cause multi-year processing backlogs.
Given the lack of congressional overhaul of the IV system, there have been many attempts to mitigate the impacts of the system. These include attempts to::
Recapture unused IVs from previous fiscal years. There are estimates of more than 200,000 such visas.
Define who should be counted or allocated an IV in each category. Currently the principal IV applicant and their dependents each are allocated a visa. At a minimum, only the principal immigrant should be counted.
Exempt certain IVs from the quota system, including individuals who have received a Ph.D. from a US educational institution, those with extraordinary ability, and those who invest significantly in the US economy.
Unfortunately, even attempts to carve out exemptions for IVs both legislatively and administratively have been futile.
Employment-Based Non-Immigrant Visas
As with IVs, there are caps and quotas on key work visas. These include the H-1B and H-2B non-immigrant work visas, or NIVs.
The H-1B visa is used by most employers that want to sponsor professionals in a specialty occupation. Since 1990 caps have been imposed on the number of H-1B visas. The caps range from 65,000 up to 195,000 per year.
Currently, there are 85,000 H-1B visas with 20,000 reserved for those with a minimum of a US master's degree.
The H-2B visa is used for temporary, seasonal, and peak load workers who are lesser-skilled and non-agricultural. There is a cap of 66,000 visas per year, with some ability to add a limited numbers of workers on a discretionary basis.
Because there is so much demand for the H-2B visa for seasonal employment, and since there are no visas available for lesser-skilled workers in year-round occupations, some businesses attempt to squeeze workers into this category. This is only further straining the system.
Despite shortages in these occupations, which include senior care, child care, nursing, hospitality, construction, meat and poultry processing, restaurants, retail, and manufacturing, there are no available NIVs for these workers.
NIVs that permit work in the US do not have caps. Why are some visas and not others capped? Why not have a logical cap system for NIVs?
Fixing the Problem
Efforts to address some of these concerns have not been successful, despite bipartisan agreement in the Senate in 2006 and 2007, and again in 2013. The US economy is now paying the price.
Tens of thousands of migrants seek refuge in the US for myriad reasons, including to better themselves or to protect themselves or their families. These individuals likely want to work in the US, and most of them do—many illegally.
If the US had a legal way to bring needed workers into the country, we could significantly change the flow of migration from an undocumented flow to a legal flow.
Changes are needed to immigration laws to meet business needs for lesser-skilled or essential workers, and reform the quotas in both the immigrant and non-immigrant visa system. Such reforms would help bolster the US economy and national security, and would bring our immigration system into the 21st century.
This article does not necessarily reflect the opinion of Bloomberg Industry Group, Inc., the publisher of Bloomberg Law and Bloomberg Tax, or its owners.
Write for Us: Author Guidelines
Laura Foote Reiff is a shareholder and co-founder of Greenberg Traurig's business and immigration and compliance group. She represents businesses and organizations in immigration and compliance matters.
Laura Foote Reiff
Greenberg Traurig
temporary work visas
guest workers


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Catawba Cultural Preservation Center
1536 Tom Stevens Rd.
Website: https://www.CatawbaIndianCrafts.com
The center maintains a living treasure of the tremendous worth, value and history of the Catawba Indian Nation. Housed in the old reservation schoolhouse, the exhibits include bark and 20th century dwellings, hunting scenes and pottery collections. Shop at the craft store which features Catawba pottery, jewelry, books and crafts. Follow the nature trail, an original wagon trail, to discover the scenic natural history of the Catawba reservation. The archives provide researchers the opportunity to view historic records, documents and photos. Craft classes and custom programs, including Catawba drumming and dancing are available upon request. Make plans to attend the Catawba Crafts Fair, held annually in November to find one of a kind, jewelry, children's toys, and Catawba Pottery just in time for Christmas.
Email: mcooper@yorkcountyarts.org
Cheraw Historic District
Website: http://www.cheraw.com
One of the first in South Carolina to be listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The district's 213 acres contain more than 50 antebellum homes and churches and numerous Victorian ones. A free self-touring guide may be obtained at the Chamber of Commerce.
Cheraw State Park
Phone: (843) 537-9656 or (800) 868-9630, cabin reservations (866) 345-7275, golf (843) 537-2215
Website: http://www.southcarolinaparks.com/cheraw/
Email: cheraw@scprt.com
As South Carolina's first state park, this facility takes traditional recreational park activities to a new level of fun.The 18-hole, championship golf course winds its way through piney woodlands while maintaining and protecting the surrounding natural habitat of the park. Cypress wetlands line the 360-acre Lake Juniper and can be explored by kayaks and canoes or via a boardwalk that runs along the lake. Fish from the boardwalk or by boat, or take time to explore other areas of Cheraw on the park's extensive biking, hiking and equestrian trail system. Cabins and campsites are available for overnight accommodations.
Cheraw Town Green
Part of the original town plan, the green is the site of a remarkable collection of 19th century public buildings all surrounded by charming turn-of-the-century commercial buildings. The Town Hall (c. 1858), Market Hall (c. 1837), and the Inglis-McIver Law Office (c.1830) join the Cheraw Lyceum Museum built around 1820 which houses exhibits on Cheraw's history (Free admission). The keys for the museum may be picked up at the Chamber of Commerce office, Mon.-Fri. A Pee Dee River Artifacts Museum Room is just adjacent on the north side; the Theatre on the Green (c. 1920) on the south side of Market Street.
1466 Cherry Rd.
Website: https://www.visitrockhillsc.com/cherry-park/
With its 68 acres, the park includes a 1.5 mile lighted walking, jogging, bicycle trail, picnic and playground areas, five softball and five multi-purpose fields which attract state and national tournaments. I-77, exit 82-B.
Chester County Historical Society Museum and Archives
107 McAliley St.
Website: http://www.chesterschistory.org/
Email: ccmuseum@truvista.net
Located in the old 1914 Chester County Jail, the museum includes notable collections of Native American artifacts and firearms from the Revolutionary Era to the present, period costumes, relics of the Civil War, including the Chester Gun, the world's only firing Confederate-made 10-lb Parrott Rifle, the Henry O. Nichols Photography Collection, ghost tours, and much more. Memberships are available. Gift items for sale. Hours are 10 am–3 pm, TUESDAY – SATURDAY. Admission: $5 Adults, $3 seniors and students. Blue Star Museum members, active duty military and families admitted free year round. Private group (maximum fee: $50) and individual tours by appointment. (Downtown Chester--behind the courthouse).
Chester County Transportation Museum
157 Wylie St.
Website: http://chesterschistory.org/transportation-museum.html
Located in the 1888 freight depot on the Seaboard Railroad, the museum contains buggies, wagons, a 1925 school bus used in Chester County, a 1934 Ford, license tags from first issued in 1917 through 1975, an 1896 wooden trim bicycle and many transportation/vehicle related items. Gift items available. Hours adjusted seasonally: Summer Hours: (Memorial Day to Labor Day): Tue-Sat: 9 am–noon. Winter Hours: Tue-Sat: 1 pm–4 pm. Admission: $5 adults; $3 seniors and students. Blue Star Museum members, active duty military and families admitted free year round. Private group (maximum fee: $50) and individual tours by appointment.
Website: http://www.southcarolinaparks.com/chester/
Email: chester@scprt.com
Chesterfield Genealogical Society and Research Library
Website: http://www.chesterfield.scgen.org
Email: Chesterfielddistrict@gmail.com
Has information for conducting research on South Carolina, specifically Chesterfield and surrounding counties; the Southeast; plus North Carolina, Virginia and Pennsylvania. No paid researchers. Sat: 10 am-3 pm. or by appointment. Located in the Chesterfield Visitors Center (Old Chesterfield County Courthouse).
Chesterfield Historic District
Website: https://www.chesterfield-sc.com/
This district is composed of two National Register of Historic Places districts. They extend along the broad, tree-lined Main St. and include over 100 properties dating from the late 1700's to the early 1900's. A free self-touring guide may be obtained at the Chesterfield County Library. Open 9 am–6 pm, Fri: 9 am–5 pm and Sat: 10 am–2 pm.
City of Chester Parks & Recreation
Website: https://www.chestersc.org/parks-recreation
Email: cwhite@chester.sc.gov
Includes the Joe Collins Stadium, home of POP Warner Football and Dixie Girls Softball; Wylie Park's 18-hole putt-putt course, Olympic sized pool, ½ mile fitness trail, nature trail, tennis courts, playground; and the S.L. Finley Community Center with a full gymnasium, aerobic classes, basketball court, weight room, and rental space.
Comporium Outdoor Ampitheater
250 Dairy Barn Ln.
Website: http://www.ascgreenway.org/
This newly opened outdoor amphitheater, near the (Anne Spings Close) greenway's Dairy Barn offers another opportunity for the site's 200,000 visitors. Featuring state-of-the-art technology, the venue welcomes higher-level groups and a variety of talent to the area. Situated in surroundings that will provide a quiet atmosphere during events, it features open-lawn seating and dark stonework that is perfect for listening to music and enjoying picnics.
Downtown Union National Historic District
Downtown Union has existed for over 225 years. A nice collection of architecturally diverse buildings and over 150 businesses are surrounded by magnificent public buildings, and a branch of the University of South Carolina. Hwy. 49 (Main St.)
Downtown Winnsboro National Historic District
Website: https://www.townofwinnsboro.com/
Email: fchamber02@truvista.net
Often referred to as the "Charleston of the Upcountry", Winnsboro is the county seat and abounds with historic and architecturally interesting homes and buildings. Winnsboro's entire central core has been listed in the National Register of Historic Places, lending itself to a self-guided walking tour available at the Fairfield County Chamber Office for those wishing to wander among history.


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The trout have begun their annual move to shallower waters. I recently went out with coworkers Randy and Josh along with Josh's dad Terry for some trout action on some of the many shallow grass flats off of Homosassa, FL. The best method for catching these trout was a D.O.A. Oval Clacker cork rigged up with 2-3 feet of 20 lb Berkley Vanish fluorocarbon leader material. On the business end of this rig, we have been doing very well with the D.O.A. 3" shrimp in New Penny and Rootbeer/Gold Glitter. I like using these shrimp because of the delicate way they fall in the water. The weights inside the shrimp are lighter than using a normal jighead so they have a slower fall. This requires anglers to work them a little slower than normal, but I find this can produce some of the biggest trout around. Plus, the shrimp are so life-like the fish can't resist them.
I took out some Tennessee folk today! Josh, Corrina, Danny, Tiffany, and 3 year old Talon decided to do a combo trip of Fishing and Scalloping on the beautiful flats of Crystal River, FL. We decided to start the day off fishing for Redfish. I was getting a little worried because nothing much was happening at our first stop. We caught a Black Drum, some Mangrove Snapper, about a million Pufferfish, but no Redfish. We moved a couple times trying to get into the schools of fish that had been cruising the area, but it wasn't until the third spot that things heated up. I directed Josh to cast right where the drop off occurred off the side of a rocky point. It was as if he had thrown directly into the 26" Redfish's mouth. As fast as he could land that fish, take pictures, and throw back out, he had another fish on that would measure about the same. We had found our school. We landed a couple more Reds along with two Pompano, and some Black Drum. We moved to another spot and caught a couple more Reds and some Snapper. We brought 4 upper-slot Redfish, 2 Black Drum, 4 Mangrove Snapper, and a Pompano back to the dock. Needless to say the combo trip became an all fishing trip!
Chuck decided he enjoyed fishing with me so much, he wanted to bring his two boys out to experience it. I always enjoy fishing with children due to their excitement and optimism. It's something that takes me back to when I was first learning to fish, and it didn't matter what I caught, but just that I caught something! Regardless, we had a great day on the water, and his oldest son landed this nice Redfish all by himself which is a feat many grown men cannot attest to! This chunky Red was caught on cut ladyfish rigged on a 5/0 circle hook. I like using circle hooks because they definitely reduce the number of fish that are gut hooked. They also make catching fish much easier for novice fishermen and fisherwomen because they eliminate the need for a sharp hookset and instead require a constant pull/tightening of the line to slide the hook into the corner of the fish's mouth. Many people I talk with don't like them because they have accidentally set the hook instead of just pulling gradually and that caused them to lose the fish. If you can remember to just let the fish hook itself, the hookup ratio is actually quite good!
I had a great recent trip with Rick, Randy, and Chuck. We caught about a dozen Redfish, 3 Black Drum, 2 Sheepshead, 20-30 Mangrove Snapper, and 4 Flounder. It was constant fish all day and everyone had a great time. All of the fish were caught on live shrimp on the bottom. It's fun this time of year the great variety that you can end up with at the end of the day! It was nice to get back out fishing because I have been doing a lot of scalloping lately. Families have been having great days on the water collecting the tasty shellfish. We haven't had any problems getting as many scallops as they could handle.
Redfish are heating up the flats right now. Look in the back country areas around oyster bars to find these hard fighting fish. Be very careful to not get stuck back in these areas on an outgoing tide because you might be waiting for the tide to come back in until you can float out. Whenever I go out redfishing, I usually have at least one 1/4 oz gold spoon, one soft white jerkbait, and a "Redfish Magic" rigged on 20 lb flourocarbon and 10-15 lb test Power Pro braided line. Flourocarbon is important when fishing in Crystal River because the water is so very clear that the fish can be picky and it is virtually invisible underwater. Braided line helps to increase casting distance, hook set power, and sensitivity when fishing. I highly recommend it. Something new I have found to catch Reds is the "Redfish Magic". I replace the soft plastic that come standard on the bait with a C.A.L. 3" Shad Tail by D.O.A. I've done well with the Motor Oil Red Fleck color along with New Penny and Rootbeer/Gold Glitter. The D.O.A. shad tail is much more durable than the other and I have had great success with it catching Redfish and even Flounder on a recent trip. Make sure to give it a try.
Kyle Farmer with his first Red. Caught with a Redfish Magic/C.A.L. Shad Tail combo.
Scallops are on the flats in huge numbers right now. There were a ton a boats on the water for July 4th weekend, but they don't seem to have even made a dent in the scallops. Usually for my scallop trips we leave at either 8 or 9 a.m. and come back to the dock between 1 and 2 p.m. Possibly sooner if we get our limit of 10 gallons for the boat. We haven't had any problems getting our limit over the past two weeks. If you've never tried scalloping, I encourage you to give it a shot! It's a great family activity and perfect for those hot summer days.
As you can see, it's been a successful tarpon season! Tropical Storm Andrea threw things into a bit of a tailspin for a week, but it didn't take long for the tarpon to start flooding back in again. We had our greatest success casting D.O.A. Deep Runner Baitbusters in chartreuse, red/white, and black/white. It was not uncommon for us to hook several tarpon a day using these swimbaits. They are effective enough that you can even blind cast them while drifting through areas known to hold tarpon. That cannot be said for many other baits... Since we have always used D.O.A. baitbusters, I decided to try other companies' products to ensure that I was giving my clients the best possible lure to throw. The difference honestly surprised me. I knew that these were good all around baits, but D.O.A. completely outfished the others. If you can make the cast to get one in front of a tarpon, he's going to eat it. It's as simple as that. When I took a break from the tarpon, I've found trout in fairly deep water (7-12 feet). Redfish will be around quicker moving, shallow water because it will be cooler. The closer we get to fall, the better the redfishing will get. Huge Black Drum can be caught on the flats right now. Look for Shallow water rocks and fish with a quarter or half of a crab or a shrimp.
The trout have been biting well over the past week. Anglers have consistently caught fish over 17 inches. While trout fishing, we have been catching good numbers of Black Sea Bass which are a delectable fish similar to grouper. The best producing bait has been the D.O.A. 3 inch shrimp in the New Penny color. This can either be rigged with the normal insertable weight under a popping cork, or on a 1/16 oz. jighead in deeper water. Target depth ranges of 3-5 feet for bigger trout and 7-10 feet for greater numbers and Sea Bass. In deeper water, you may try drifting with the jig dragging behind the boat as opposed to casting constantly. This will keep your bait in the strike zone longer and you can easily feel the bites. Raise and lower your rod to give the shrimp a jump and fall. Redfish have been schooling in very shallow water (less than 3 feet). Anglers can sight cast to these fish with a 2" or 3" DOA shrimp in a natural color, live shrimp or crab, a white jerkbait, a gold spoon, or a DOA softshell crab. These spot tails also love a spoon fly or a crab fly. You can also target deeper oyster bars with similar baits where sight fishing is too difficult.
There have been trophy Cobia cruising the flats over the past month. At first glance, these may appear to be a shark due to their pronounced pectoral fins and streamlined shape. However, at closer inspection, you will find one of the best eating gamefish in the Gulf waters. The best way to target these fish is to keep your eye out for a large dark fish swimming just under the surface. Cobia also congregate around channel markers, crab traps, and Sting Rays. They will hide underneath the rays waiting to ambush a school of baitfish. It never hurts to flip a cast to one of these spots in hopes of hooking up. I find that one of the best baits to use for this purpose is the D.O.A. Baitbuster. The subtle vibrating action of the swimming tail design allows the fish to track it down even once it is out of their range of vision, and right in front of their mouth. Other baits lacking this action will lose the fish's interest once they lose sight of it. John and Taylor Gwaltney were lucky enough to hook up with this monster on a recent trip. As if that wouldn't be enough of a fight, John did it on 12 lb test monofilament! After about 45 minutes of drag screaming, we were able to wrangle the beast into the boat.
The Trout bite has been fantastic lately! Not only have anglers been catching trout, but they have been catching big Trout. I fished with Rod and Tom today and they whacked the Trout and Mackerel. Due to the recent cold front, the bite was slow and tough to detect. We were able to catch these picky fish by crawling jigs over the grass/sand flats. The bites felt like a dinks but once you set the hook, it wasn't uncommon to find a 20+ inch Trout on the line! Once we had caught Trout for a few hours, we moved to Spanish Mackerel territory. Tom quickly caught a nice flounder to start us off and Rod was close behind with a 30 inch Mack. We caught Mackerel for the next few hours, only keeping the biggest of them. We also sight fished to Tripletail, Cobia, and Sharks. One of these Sharks was an 8 foot Tiger that came out of nowhere to inhale a small silver Trout that was on Tom's line. He came off but not after munching most of the small Trout. To finish the day off we moved in shallow for some Mangrove Snapper and Redfish. They left with two big bags of fish for a neighborhood feast.
The ever so knowledgeable weather forecasters sure messed up today. After calling for 15 knot winds all week, we were quite surprised to find there was hardly a puff of breeze in the morning. We started off going shallow to the backcountry in search of Reds. It wasn't long before drags were screaming and we boated several along with some mangrove snapper. We left there to try the trout bite in deeper water (about 6 feet). It was a little slow but the ones we did catch were whoppers. Since the wind was still slack we went off to even deeper water (about 10 feet) to try our hand with the Spanish Macks. They were hitting hard and aggressive as always, along with some Blacktip Sharks, Bluefish, more Trout, and Ladyfish. The wind finally started to pick up as we were heading in, but before we called it a day, we did a little sight casting to Tripletail. Today's tip: make sure to check the weather extensively before hitting the water. Even though this may be a bad example because it wasn't exactly as they said, it helps to have an idea of what to expect when you're out there. You can even download apps on your smart phone that can access radar from on the boat, which I have found particularly useful!
Henry with his nice slot-sized Red.
Wind was still blowing today, but that didn't stop Henry, Ed, and Dan from going out anyway! Started off the day with some nice mackerel, and a tripletail, but once the wind picked up harder, we moved to the backcountry where we caught Mangrove Snapper and Redfish. This beauty was one of the Reds and also Henry's 2nd ever (it shortly followed his first ever haha). Surprisingly enough, the first Redfish he caught ended up being his third as well. The hungry fish bit again a couple hours later when we returned on a different tide! We had a great time and I look forward to fishing with these gentlemen again.
Had a great day today with Amory Planchard who was visiting from Tennessee. Wind was howling but we were able to hide in the backcountry and Amory pulled off an inshore slam (Redfish, Trout, and Snook). We boated over a dozen Reds and had a great time doing it. As soon as the shrimp hit the water, the drag would start screaming out! I could barely keep his hook baited! We caught most of our fish on live shrimp but caught some on 1/4 ounce gold spoons and soft plastics. Nothing beats seeing a big redfish "breaking his neck" to eat a topwater. Since they are naturally bottom feeders, only the hungriest of fish will attack a topwater bait, and most of their head must come out of the water in order to engulf the bait.
The Macks are in! The Macks are in! We have been cashing in on these aggressive, hard-hitting fish for the last couple of weeks now and I expect them to stay for the remainder of the year. It's always a joy whenever they come into the area because it means great action that people from all ages can enjoy. Your best bet when fishing for Spanish Mackerel is to find some sort of bottom structure that is different from the surroundings. It should be in 7-12 feet of water, and if you find a trough, ridge, rock pile, or point, there will probably be fish congregating there. You will want to bring a chum bag with you and plenty of live shrimp. Also, don't forget to bring some wire along as these fish have some of the sharpest teeth you will find anywhere. Rig a shrimp under 3-4 feet of line/wire leader or freeline a shrimp in the tide. Oh, and don't forget to hang on!
I had the opportunity to fish with some real Canadian's today! It was a very cool experience showing Dave, Shannon, and Mason all that our beautiful state (and country!) has to offer. Though the weather professionals had been back and forth on the forecast, the day turned out to be amazing with a light breeze and plenty of sunshine. The trout were cooperating as well and the action was nonstop all day long. We even caught a flounder, multiple lady fish, and a blue crab. Most of our fish came on 1/4 oz. jigs drifting through 3-5 feet of water. Just hop the jigs above the grass and wait for one to engulf it. As you drift, don't get discouraged if you aren't catching anything for 5-10 minutes. They seemed to come in waves and we would go from a period of slow activity to all four of us hooked up at once! We ended the day with nine keeper trout for their fish fry, plenty of memories, and a good ole Florida sunburn. Pictures soon to come.
It must be Springtime! The Seatrout action has been fantastic lately and I expect it to stay that way for the next couple of months. Rick Lawrence and Helene Lawrence went with me today along with their daughter Suzanne Brown. They were able to bring a couple nice trout home for dinner. Anglers have been cashing in on this bite using flukes and jigs in and around oyster bars. Look for an area with a good mix of bars and grass flats. This gives the trout a place to live and also to ambush. You can also rig up a popping cork such as a Cajun Thunder with 2-3 feet of 17 lb fluorocarbon leader and a jig underneath. This is an especially good method to try if you aren't very keen on feeling the bite yet because you can watch your cork. Now a quick lesson about these popping corks: first, you'll want to cast them out away from the boat (farther than 50 feet if possible), second, work the cork back to the boat with a series of quick and sharp pops, third, don't be afraid to let it sit for a little bit (10-15 seconds) especially if the bite is slow that day. You can play around with this to figure out what the fish want on that specific day. Sometimes, it can be good to pop the cork loudly several times before letting it settle for several seconds. Make sure you are making plenty of noise with the pops or else you won't be as successful.
A quick note about the action out of Crystal River. Sheepshead have been hitting well. Find a rock pile in 6-12 feet of water and fish around it with a live shrimp. Use a fairly heavy weight to make sure it gets down deep enough. This should produce Sheepshead along with grouper and snapper. The trout are also enjoying this warm weather as we prepare for the springtime trout season. Spanish Macks can be caught with a chum bag and free-lined shrimp after a few warm days like this.