text:
Q: flex Property ignored I'm trying to get an itemrenderer to display the text from a tweet, and (if there is one) the uploaded image. Text displays fine, but no matter what I do, the image doesn't show. Could it be that because I'm refering to a property that does not always exist, in this case "data.entities.media.creative.media_url" (it only exists if there is an image uploaded with the tweet) that the itemrenderer just ignores the property for all tweets?
Here's my code:

        [Bindable(event="dataChange")]
        public function get data():Object
        {
            return _data;
        }
        public function set data(value:Object):void
        {
            _data = value;
            dispatchEvent(new Event("dataChange"));
            }
    ]]>
</fx:Script>

<s:Label text="{data.text}"
         width="100%"
         styleName="tweetlist"/>
<s:Image id="tweetImage" source="{data.entities.media.creative.media_url}"/>

I am quite new to Flex, and so far I managed to get things working by pasting code together from different sources. So, any help would be greatly appreciated.

A: I see that you are binding to a deeply nested property: data.entities.media.creative.media_url. If you want the binding to work properly, you must make sure that each and every property on that path is made Bindable.
Concretely:

*

*data must be Bindable on the ItemRenderer; it is by default when you extend ItemRenderer, so I would remove your custom Bindable declaration and event dispatching (or even remove the data getter/setter override altogether)

*the entities property of the data instance must be declared Bindable

*the media property of the entities instance must be declared Bindable

*and so forth all the way to the media_url property

However it is not considered good coding practice (in general, not just in Flex) to access deeply nested properties like that, so I would advise you to encapsulate the property that you need so that you can bind to it like this:
<s:Image id="tweetImage" source="{data.media_url}" />

This will not only be better from a "clean code" point of view, but also for performance if you have a lot of items in the List. (Because the number of bindings will descrease by factor 5)
An alternative solution is to not use data binding and simply set tweetImage's source property:
override public function set data(value:Object):void {
    super.data = value;
    tweetImage.source = data.entities.media.creative.media_url;
}


ANGELA DAVIS LIVE AT TIFF 2012 PRESS CONFERENCE!
This is a video that I shot at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival's press conference for the documentary "FREE ANGELA DAVIS & AND ALL POLITICAL PRISONERS", which was held on September 12th. The panelists included the legendary freedom fighter Angela Davis, Director Shola Lynch, and Davis' neice, Eisa Davis. The presser was moderated by Thom Powers of TIFF....enjoy!


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Lemvigbanen (deutsch: Lemvigbahn, offiziell Vemb-Lemvig-Thyborøn Jernbane, VLTJ) ist eine normalspurige Privatbahn im Nordwesten Jütlands in Dänemark. Die Strecke ist eingleisig und nicht elektrifiziert.

Lemvigbanen fusionierte im Mai 2008 mit Odderbanen (Hads-Ning-Herreders Jernbane, HHJ). Die beiden Strecken, die über 100 Kilometer voneinander entfernt liegen, gehören seitdem zur Midtjyske Jernbaner A/S. Aktionäre von Midtjyske Jernbaner sind Midttrafik, Lemvig Kommune, Holstebro Kommune und einige kleinere Anteilseigner.

Streckenbeschreibung
Mit 59,5 Kilometern ist sie die längste dänische Privatbahnstrecke. Sie führt von Vemb an der Strecke Holstebro–Ringkøbing über Lemvig zum Hafenort Thyborøn. Zwischen Lemvig und Harboøre führt die Strecke unweit der Küste am Rand der Dünen entlang. Zwischen Harboøre und Thyborøn verläuft das Gleis auf einem Fahrdamm durch den Limfjord.

Unternehmen
Lemvigbanen wurde vom dänischen Hydrogen Innovation & Research Centre als Pilotstrecke für die weltweit ersten Personenzüge mit Wasserstoffantrieb ausgewählt. Ab 2010 sollten auf der Strecke der VLTJ entweder die vorhandenen Triebwagen mit umgerüstetem Antrieb oder komplett neu entwickelte Fahrzeuge zum Einsatz kommen. Die Strecke wurde ausgewählt, weil das Fahrgastaufkommen und der Fahrplantakt so gering sind, dass eventuelle Betriebsstörungen keine großen Auswirkungen auf den Fahrplan hätten. Technisch gesehen war die Lage der Bahn ideal, da das Chemiewerk Cheminova den Wasserstoff erzeugen und die vielen Windkraftwerke in der Umgebung den benötigten Strom liefern konnten. Das Projekt wurde aufgegeben.

Seit dem Sommer 2008 fanden umfangreiche Bauarbeiten zur Beseitigung von 30 als gefährlich eingestuften Bahnübergängen statt. Dabei handelte es sich größtenteils um ungesicherte Übergänge an Feldwegen. Zwischen Lemvig und Vrist wurden gleichzeitig mehrere gesicherte Bahnübergänge stillgelegt, so etwa an den Stationen Balleby und Nejrup. Dafür wurden Umgehungsstraßen zum nächstgelegenen Bahnübergang gebaut. Alle verbliebenen gesicherten Bahnübergänge wurden 2008 mit Schrankenanlagen ausgerüstet.

Geschichte
Die Bahn war zur Zeit ihrer Eröffnung Dänemarks erste Kleinbahn und wurde in sehr leichter Bauweise angelegt. Der Streckenabschnitt Vemb–Lemvig wurde am 20. Juli 1879, die Teilabschnitte Lemvig–Harboøre am 22. Juli 1899 und Harboøre–Thyborøn am 1. November 1899 eröffnet. Die Verlängerung nach Thyborøn wurde von ansässigen Fischern gefordert, die in den Jahren vor dem Ersten Weltkrieg viel Fisch ins Ausland, besonders nach Deutschland, exportierten. Der Staat förderte den Bau der Strecke, um die Anlage von Küstensicherungsbauwerken auf der Landzunge vor Harboør zu erleichtern. Der Hafen von Thyborøn wurde erst 1915–1918 angelegt. Die beiden Betriebe VLJ und LTJ fusionierten 1921 zur VLTJ.

Die Teilstrecke Harboør–Thyborøn verlief ursprünglich in den Dünen sehr nahe am Meer und wurde ab dem 23. August 1955 eineinhalb Kilometer ostwärts verschoben. Sie liegt auf dem neuen Schutzdeich, der gebaut wurde, um die Landzunge Harboøre Tange vor dem Durchbruch des Meeres zu schützen. Auf diesem Stück verläuft die Grüne Küstenstraße (181) parallel zur Bahn. Bei der Verschiebung der Bahnstrecke wurde der Bahnhof Knopper stillgelegt und der neue Bahnhof Rønland errichtet.
Mit der Gründung der Chemiefabrik Cheminova auf der Harboøre Tange 1953 bekam die Bahn ihren mit Abstand wichtigsten Einzelkunden. Der Güterverkehr spielt heute bei der VLTJ, wie bei allen dänischen Bahnen, nur eine untergeordnete Rolle. Dennoch ist der Bahnkörper in den späteren Jahrzehnten ausgetauscht und verstärkt worden. Am Ende der 1990er Jahre wurden Bahnsteige, Kreuzungsbahnhöfe und andere feste Anlagen überholt.

Die VLTJ galt immer als ein sehr kostenbewusstes Unternehmen. Bis zum Ende der 1990er Jahre fuhren noch die sogenannten "Dattelschachteln" (Baureihe YBM, ursprünglich SJ Y6). Dies waren schwedische Triebwagen aus den 1950er Jahren, die nach einigen Jahrzehnten Dienst von den Schwedischen Eisenbahnen an dänische Privatbahnen verkauft wurden. Obwohl einmal ausgemustert, galten diese Schienenbusse als sehr betriebssicher. Die relativ modernen Lynette-Triebwagenzüge (dän. lyn = dt. "Blitz") wurden bei der VLTJ erst später als auf anderen Privatbahnen eingesetzt. Während alle andere dänischen Privatbahnen inzwischen auf neues Material wechselten, kaufte die VLTJ einige der übrigen Lynette-Zügen auf, um so ihren Wagenpark zu ergänzen. So fand der Generationswechsel der Fahrzeuge bei der VLTJ immer eine Stufe später als bei anderen dänischen Privatbahnen statt, mit deutlichen Kosteneinsparungen als Folge.

Im Rahmen des Investitionsplanes 2020–2030 sollen die Altfahrzeuge in den nächsten Jahren ersetzt werden.

Streckennetz

Bahnhöfe und Haltepunkte
Neben den aus dem Streckenbild ersichtlichen Bahnhöfen und Haltepunkten gibt es folgende Besonderheiten:
 Armose (ehemals Lomborg): Der Haltepunkt ist drei Kilometer vom Dorf Lomborg entfernt und wurde deswegen 1995 in Armose, den Namen der betreffenden kleinen Siedlung von Häusern, umbenannt. Gelegentlich stiegen Ortsunkundige hier aus, die von hier aus nicht zum Dorf fanden.
 Victoria street station (ehemals Vejlby): Der recht einsam gelegene Haltepunkt wurde 1991 von Anwohnern umbenannt.
 Vejlby Nord – stillgelegt am 1. Juni 2009

Inoffizielle Haltestelle
 Thyborøn Færge, beim Fähranleger Thyborøn-Agger

Die inoffiziellen Haltestellen der VLTJ, die nicht im Fahrplan vorhanden sind, sind einmalig für das dänische Eisenbahnwesen. (Jedoch gibt es vereinzelte Sonderhaltepunkte der Dänischen Staatsbahnen, die nur im Dienstfahrplan angegeben sind.) Bei der VLTJ wird manchmal bei Bedarf auf offener Strecke angehalten. Das besondere Verfahren wird auf einer privaten Website so geschildert: Wenn ein Fahrgast es wünscht, hält er [der Lokführer] jedoch gerne mitten auf dem Bahnübergang, damit man direkt auf die Fahrbahn hinab aussteigen und gegebenenfalls in ein haltendes Auto steigen kann.

Zweigstrecken

Hafenbahn Lemvig ("Bjergbanen")
Vom Bahnhof Lemvig (33 Meter ü. d. M.) führt die 1891 für den Güterverkehr erbaute, einzige Steilstrecke Dänemarks hinunter zum Hafen der Stadt. Dabei handelt es sich um eine sehr steile Adhäsionsbahn, wobei der Höhenunterschied mit einer Spitzkehre bewältigt wird. Auf dem unteren Abschnitt fährt die Bahn zum Teil auf Rillenschienen in der Straßendecke, was in Dänemark sonst nur auf der Helsingør-Hornbæk-Gilleleje Bane erfolgt. Seit 1991 werden Ausflugsfahrten angeboten, seit 2014 vom Verein BjergBanen Lemvig. Die Hafenbahn wird hauptsächlich in den dänischen Sommerferien bedient, etwa sechsmal täglich. Alle Güteranschließer sind heute abgebaut, das Gleis endet im Hafenbahnhof stumpf ohne Weichen. Der Verein kaufte 2015 die Station Fåre – 10 Kilometer südlich von Lemvig – und möchte neben einem Museum im Bahnhof dort sein Wagenmaterial unterbringen.

Cheminova
Das große Chemiewerk der Cheminova auf der Halbinsel Rønland zwischen Thyborøn und Harboør hat eine eigene Zweigstrecke von der VLTJ-Hauptstrecke, die in 12–15 Abstell- und Verladegleise auf dem Fabrikgelände mündet.

Kreuzungsbahnhöfe
Auf dem nördlichen Streckenabschnitt waren normale Zugbegegnungen ursprünglich nur an den Endbahnhöfen Lemvig und Thyborøn möglich. Zur Taktverdichtung auf dem Abschnitt Lemvig–Thyborøn wurden inzwischen die Haltepunkte Harboøre (2004), Strande (2006) und Rønland (Fertigstellung Mitte 2009) als Begegnungshaltepunkte mit Mittelbahnsteig komplett neu errichtet, wobei im Fahrplan 2009 planmäßig nur einmal täglich in Harboøre gekreuzt wurde (15.50 Uhr).

In den 1990er Jahren gab es einzelne planmäßige Zugkreuzungen in Klinkby. Dafür wurde ein altes Stumpfgleis in Bahnsteignähe notdürftig für den Betrieb aufbereitet. Da das Gleis nur über eine Weichenverbindung verfügte, musste der aus Lemvig kommende Zug nach dem Bahnsteighalt in das Stumpfgleis fahren und sich dort "einschließen". Die Weiche hinter dem Zug wurde manuell umgestellt und verriegelt. Jetzt konnte der entgegenkommende (zweite) Zug an den Bahnsteig fahren. Nachdem dieser Zug Richtung Lemvig abgefahren war, musste der erste Zug rückwärts aus dem Abstellgleis rausrangieren – zurück an den Bahnsteig am Hauptgleis. Nachdem der Lokführer wieder die Weiche manuell umgestellt hatte, konnte die Fahrt nach Thyborøn weitergehen. Diese komplizierten und sehr zeitraubenden Zugkreuzungen sind im planmäßigen dänischen Bahnverkehr einmalig gewesen. Zeitweise gab es solche Zugkreuzungen im Bahnhof von Harboøre, bevor dort 2004 ein echtes Überholgleis mit Mittelbahnsteig errichtet wurde.

Südlich von Lemvig haben vier Bahnhöfe ihr Begegnungsgleis erhalten: Bonnet, Ramme, Fåre und Bækmarksbro. Dabei sind die Ausweichgleise nicht alle in gutem Zustand, können jedoch befahren werden. Jedoch müssen zwei sich begegnende Personenzüge ein Verfahren mit Hin- und Herrangieren durchmachen, da auf jedem Bahnhof nur eines der beiden Gleise mit einem Bahnsteig versehen ist und die Bahnsteige teilweise nicht am Ausweichgleis liegen. Der Fahrplan 2008 verzichtete so weit wie möglich auf Zugbegegnungen zwischen Lemvig und Vemb.

Fahrzeuge

Personenverkehr
Im planmäßigen Personenverkehr kommen bei der VLTJ vier zweiteilige DUEWAG-Triebwagen vom Typ Ym (Lynette) zum Einsatz. Im Vergleich zu anderen dänischen Privatbahnen bekam die VLTJ ihre Lynette-Triebwagen sehr spät. Die ersten drei Züge wurden im Jahr 1984 an die VLTJ ausgeliefert. Im Sommer 2006 kaufte die VLTJ einen weiteren zweiteiligen Triebwagen aus den Beständen von Nærumbanen. Diese Einheit ist seitdem als Ym 16/Ys 16 Heden auf dem Netz der VLTJ unterwegs.

Eine Besonderheit bei der VLTJ stellt der Ym 15 Fjorden dar. Dabei handelt es sich um einen einteiligen Ym-Triebwagen, den die VLTJ im Jahr 1999 von der Nærumbanen (Ym 17) aufkaufte. Dieses Fahrzeug verfügt nur über eine Hilfskupplung und ist deswegen mit den anderen Triebwagen der VLTJ nicht kuppelbar. Ym 15 diente der VLTJ ursprünglich als Reservefahrzeug, während die drei zweiteiligen Triebwagen modernisiert wurden. Der Ym 15 ist im Sommer als "Bergbahn" zwischen Lemvig Bahnhof und Lemvig Hafen im Einsatz. Ansonsten dient er als Betriebsreserve.
Laut Werkstattpersonal ist der Ym als Versuchsträger für einen neuartigen Wasserstoff-Antrieb vorgesehen (siehe unten).

Die VLTJ besaß außerdem noch zwei einteilige YBM-Triebwagen (YBM 17 und YBM D16), die bis in die 1990er Jahre im regulären Personenverkehr eingesetzt wurden. Die Triebwagen wurden 2007 verkauft und stehen abgestellt beim Struer Jernbaneklub in Struer.

Güterverkehr
Für den Güterverkehr bei der VLTJ sind zwei NOHAB-Lokomotiven vorhanden (MX 26 und MY 28). Die Mx 26 Tørfisk wurde 1993 von der DSB gekauft. Im Jahr 2001 wurde MY 28 Victoria von der DSB erworben. Da die Th. Andels Fiskemelfabrik zeitweise für ein höheres Güterverkehrsaufkommen sorgte und die Østbanen ihre gebrauchten MX nicht mehr benötigte, mietete die Lemvigbahn von der ØSJS die MX 41 Kong Hother an. Inzwischen wurde die Lok wieder zurückgegeben.

Außerdem besitzt die VLTJ zwei Rangierlokomotiven. Die Frichs-Köf (Köff 21) steht für Rangieraufgaben rund um die Hauptwerkstatt in Lemvig zur Verfügung. Die zweite Frichs-Köf (T 29) ist dauerhaft als Werkslok an die Chemiefirma Cheminova A/S vermietet. Eine dritte Köf (T27 – gebraucht gekauft von der DB (Köf II 6349/323 655-1)) wurde im Frühjahr 2007 an den Struer Jernbaneklub in Struer verkauft.

Fahrzeugliste 2009
 Ym 12/Ys 12 Storåen (DUEWAG, 86341, Scandia 29874 / 1983, neu an VLTJ)
 Ym 13/Ys 13 Vigen (DUEWAG, 86342, Scandia 29876 / 1983, neu an VLTJ / 2013 verschrottet)
 Ym 14/Ys 14 Tangen (DUEWAG, 86343, Scandia 29878 / 1983, neu an VLTJ)
 Ym 15 Fjorden (Uerdingen 72984 / 1968, gebraucht von Nærumbanen)
 Ym 16/Ys 16 Heden (DUEWAG / Scandia)
 Ym 39/Ym 40 Kysten (2014)
 T 21 Køf, B-dh (Frichs 1042 / 1968, Köf II, ex DSB 283)
 MX 26  (gebraucht von den Danske Statsbaner, MX 1025)
 MY 28 Victoria (gebraucht von den Danske Statsbaner, MY 1152),
 T 29 Køf, B-dh (Frichs 863 / 1966, ex DSB 252) seit 2004: Vermietung an Cheminova A/S, Rønland
 MT 51 Rottenwagen für den Gleisbau
 MT 52 Gleisbaufahrzeug

Ausgemustert und in Struer beim Struer Jernbaneklub abgestellt sind:
 YBM D16 (gebraucht von Statens Järnvägar, Y7 1252)
 YBM 17 (gebraucht von Statens Järnvägar, Y6 997 und Odsherreds Jernbane, S 48)

Fahrplan
Die Teilstrecke Lemvig–Thyborøn hat ein größeres Fahrgastaufkommen als der Abschnitt Vemb–Lemvig. Werktags gab es auf der Gesamtstrecke im Fahrplan 2012 elf Zugpaare mit Kreuzung in Lemvig, die meist durchgehend verkehrten. Zudem betreibt die Bahn einige Omnibusfahrten zwischen Lemvig und Thyborøn. Zwei Zugpaare täglich (nur einer am Sonnabend) fahren von Vemb weiter nach Holstebro über die Staatsbahnstrecke, die sonst von Arriva befahren wird.

Einziger Kunde im Güterverkehr ist die Chemiefabrik Cheminova A/S, wohin ein planmäßiges Güterzugpaar fährt. Der Güterzug verkehrt drei Mal wöchentlich von Rønland nach Herning. In Lemvig, Vemb und Holstebro muss der Zug die Richtung wechseln. In Herning werden die Wagen an DB Cargo Scandinavia zur Weiterbeförderung übergeben und die neuen Wagen für die Chemiefabrik übernommen. Zeitweise war die Fischmehlfabrik in Thyborøn Güterkunde.

Unfälle an Bahnübergängen
Die Lemvigbahn hat eine große Anzahl von Bahnübergängen. Seit 2007 betreibt die dänische Bahnbehörde, BaneDanmark, den Plan, ungesicherte Bahnübergängen zu sichern oder zu entfernen.

Die Lemvigbahn hatte 80 ungesicherte Bahnübergänge. 20 der 30 gefährlichsten Übergänge wurden bereits geschlossen. Die letzten zehn sollten bis 2010 beseitigt werden. Binnen vier bis fünf Jahren sollen die letzten 50 Übergänge entweder geschlossen oder mit Licht-/Schlagbaumsicherung versehen werden.

Am 7. September 2009 um 15:26 Uhr prallte ein Zug an einem ungesicherten Bahnübergang bei Knaresbrovej zwischen den Haltepunkten Vejlby Nord und Victoria Street Station auf ein Auto. Die beiden Insassen kamen ums Leben. Laut Betriebsratsmitglied Michael Clemmensen seien Fast-Kollisionen ein beinahe tägliches Problem.

Am 23. Mai 2013 um 15:05 Uhr prallten YM13/YS13 an einem ungesicherten Bahnübergang zwischen den Haltepunkten Bonnet und Ramme auf einen kreuzenden Güllewagen, dabei war eine verletzte Person zu beklagen. Die Zugeinheit YM13/YS13 wurde dabei so stark beschädigt, dass von einer Reparatur abgesehen wurde. Ersetzt wurde die Einheit YM13/YS13 durch die neu zusammengestellte Einheit YM39/YM40 (Kysten) aus ehemaligem Bestand der Odderbane.

Mitte 2018 waren noch 34 ungesicherte Bahnübergänge vorhanden.

Bahnstrecke Lemvig–Struer
Eine geplante Bahnstrecke Lemvig–Struer wurde in das Eisenbahngesetz vom 20. März 1918 aufgenommen, jedoch nicht gebaut. Dafür bediente die VLTJ 1999 mit ihren Bussen eine Buslinie nach Struer. Da die Buslinien Lemvig–Struer und Lemvig–Holstebro bessere Verbindungen zu den größten Städten der Region und zum übrigen Verkehrsnetz bieten, werden diese Linien oft dem Umweg über die VLTJ-Teilstrecke Lemvig–Vemb vorgezogen.

Sonstiges
Der Name Tørfisken der Lok MX26 ist von der dänischen Gruppe Tørfisk abgeleitet, die mit dem Lied VLTJ 1985 auf dem Album Stemning die Lemvigbahn musikalisch verewigte. Das Stück gilt besonders in Midtjylland als Lied mit Kultstatus.

Literatur
 Richard Latten: Vom Fehmarnsund zum Nordkap. Die Eisenbahnen in Skandinavien. Band 1: Dänemark, Norwegen. 1993, Schweers + Wall 1995, ISBN 3-921679-85-0.
 Tom Lauritsen: Danske lokomotiver og motorvogne. 1997, ISBN 91-7266-141-0.

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

 Midtjyske Jernbaner Offizielle Webseite (deutsch, dänisch, englisch)

Bahnstrecke im Königreich Dänemark
Bahngesellschaft (Königreich Dänemark)
Bauwerk in Lemvig Kommune

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
New York DEC Reopens Comment Period for LNG Infrastructure Rules
Paul Speraw• December 1, 2014
Persons interested in commenting on New York's proposal to establish procedures for siting, constructing and operating LNG facilities will now have another opportunity to do so. Under the latest reopening, comments may be submitted through December 12. The regulations initially were proposed in 2013 and NGVAmerica and many members submitted comments in support of the regulations. New York currently is the only state in the country that does not have regulations in place to authorize such facilities. The state's three operational LNG facilities were built under now expired rules. The adoption of the new rules would open up the state to new facilities and also allow for intrastate shipment of LNG loads. The proposed rules do not change the current moratorium on siting LNG facilities in municipalities with populations of more than one million (i.e. New York City).
The New York Department of Environmental Conservation's (DEC) reopening of the comment period is intended to give parties an opportunity to comment on revisions that have been made to last year's proposal. According to the DEC, the primary revision relates to limiting permits to LNG facilities that have a capacity of no more than 70,000 gallons, a threshold that had previously been in place under earlier versions of the code recognized by the National Fire Protection Association rules. NFPA latest standards allow single LNG tanks to have a capacity of up to 100,000 gallons.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Contest Period and Description of Contest. The Contest shall commence on March 21, 2019 at 2 pm CST, as stated on the contest page. The period from the Start Date to the End Date shall be known as the "Contest Period." Contest will close at 11:59 pm CST on Wednesday, August 14, 2019.
The Contest is open to U.S. residents who, on the date of entry, are at least 18 years of age or older.
How to Enter. To enter the Contest, Participants will submit their first name, last name, email address, phone number and zip code.
Sponsor shall not be liable for any problems that occur during the entry process, including without limitation, late, incomplete, delayed, undelivered, or misdirected entries, and shall not have any obligation to advise an entrant of an incomplete, invalid, or undeliverable submission. No illegible, incomplete, forged, or altered entries will be accepted.
Participants may enter on grillfestival.com, finespiritsclassics.com, in person at GrillFestival and in person at Fine Spirits Classics. Limit One (1) Entry medium during Contest Period.
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Winner must be able to pick prize package up in the Minneapolis, MN area within 20 days of accepting the prize.
Prize Value. Total prize value is $1,150 and includes a large Big Green Egg, large next, charcoal, and grilling tools.


Former Trump campaign manager Paul Manafort and his longtime associate Rick Gates have been charged by a federal grand jury as a result of the investigation into alleged Russian meddling in last year's US presidential election.
Earlier, NBC News reported that the pair had been told to "surrender to law enforcement", which they duly did.
The charges are the first to result from an investigation by special counsel Robert Mueller, and relate to Manafort's dealings with Ukraine rather than the central theme of that inquiry into alleged Russian interference.
Manafort and Gates have been indicted on 12 counts including conspiracy against the United States, conspiracy to launder money and violating federal lobbying and banking laws.
The charges also include being the unregistered agent of a foreign principal" as well as making false statements.
American intelligence agencies say Moscow tried to help President Donald Trump defeat Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton in November 2016.
Special counsel Robert Mueller is probing whether Trump campaign officials colluded with the alleged Russian interference.
Moscow stands accused of a campaign of hacking and releasing embarrassing emails, and disseminating propaganda via social media to discredit the Clinton campaign.
Both the US President and the Russian leadership deny the allegations.
It is now commonly agreed, after many months of COSTLY looking, that there was NO collusion between Russia and Trump. Was collusion with HC!
The special counsel's investigation also includes an effort to determine whether the president or any of his aides tried to obstruct justice.
Mueller was appointed by the Justice Department to lead the probe, a week after Trump fired FBI Director James Comey, who was leading a federal investigation into possible collusion with Russia.
The full indictment against Paul Manafort and Richard Gates is available here.


Rapper Big Pooh continues to prove that he's an above-average MC, and he can stand alone in these hip-hop streets.
Coming off the release of his stellar and lyrically adept project, Words Paint Pictures, Rapper Big Pooh links with producer Nottz for their joint project, Home Sweet Home.
Here, the 13-track project is packed with mature content, solid lyrics all around top-notch boom-bap production. Home Sweet Home resonates with listeners because it's dipped in nostalgia without sounding dated for a second.
Big Pooh takes ears and hearts on a journey through high school, cookouts with family, love and just growing up in general.
Show Rapper Big Pooh and Nottz some love and pick up their Home Sweet Home project on iTunes.


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We understand that providing financial advice is a privilege whereby the utmost trust has been placed in us and we respect and appreciate that trust.
We operate a transparent fee-for-advice model on all investment recommendations. Our clients know our costs are directly paid by them and are fully informed of these prior to acceptance or implementation of any advice.
Our advice team has a combined market experience of over 60 years. We provide active financial advice to over 100 clients and manage in excess of $60 million in Funds Under Management.
All client meetings are held with 2 financial planners who provide advice on their position. This affords our clients uninterrupted, uniform advice on their personal position regardless of planner leave, illness or retirement.
We understand that complete financial advice encompasses many areas of expertise. Our firm has formed strong working relationships with specialists in the field of Accounting, Law, Estate Planning and Mortgage Broking. These alliances provide our clients with a team of professionals working in tandem for the benefit of their position.
Our team of financial advisers contains industry accredited specialists in the fields of Self Managed Superannuation, Estate Planning and Business Succession. All advice team members exceed the industry standards for advice qualifications and commit to more than 30 hours each year of ongoing professional development.
Our clients are involved in bi-annual forward planning meetings to ensure their ever changing positions are up-to-date and all strategies reviewed to guarantee continued relevance. We provide our clients with filmed video updates, monthly market based newsletters and ad-hoc presentations to aide with their education, understanding and comfort.


text:
V642 Андромеды () — одиночная переменная звезда в созвездии Андромеды на расстоянии (вычисленном из значения параллакса) приблизительно 38462 световых лет (около 11792 парсеков) от Солнца. Видимая звёздная величина звезды — от +12,1m до +11,98m.

Характеристики
V642 Андромеды — оранжевая пульсирующая медленная неправильная переменная звезда (LB) спектрального класса K. Эффективная температура — около 3785 К.

Примечания


text:
"Senioritis" is real and thriving
Sophia Kalakailo, Editor
It's the time of the year when seniors all around high schools are claiming to have a condition called "Senioritis." Senioritis is a commonly used term around Farmington High School, but what exactly does it mean? "Sen...
Varsity Volleyball team hosts Smackdown competition
F7: Water Wars champs
Anna Ledermann, Staff Writer
Farmington High School's Water Wars competition was in full speed from start to finish. Each team pays $60 to play, which was put in a pot totalling $1,350 that would go to the winning team. This year, the winning team was the ...
Game, Set, Match: A look into the coaching styles of Tom Kay
Gabi Mitchell chooses her future
Which MCU superhero are you most like?
Jayla Darden, Staff Writer
Take this short and sweet quiz to determine which of the original 6 Avengers you are most like. How emotional are you in upsetting situations? (0-10 scale, 0 being not at all, 10 being a lot) a) 0-2 b) 2-4 c) 5...
Exchange students experience life in the United States
Anxiety runs rampant as FHS students prepare for AP exams
Gender and Sexuality Alliance spreads awareness, acceptance
Start of a new year and a new you
Micayla Martin, Staff Writer
On Dec. 31 of each year, I wait for the clock to strike twelve, to ring in the new year. When the ball drops and the countdown reaches zero, a wave of excitement comes over me, as I have survived another twelve months. Every ye...
How to prepare for finals
Joshua Segler, Staff Writer
Everyone knows that a good night's sleep and a hearty breakfast are essential before taking finals, but as exams approach in these upcoming weeks, some may be surprised that there is much more to to preparing for them than just...


text:
Q: Spring JPA Update Entity I'm trying to update my user entity and I have an error that comes to mind:
ERROR: A NULL value violates the NOT NULL constraint of the "id" column Detail: The failed row contains (null, 1, 1)
The problem surely stems from my relationship between user and profile which is n-n
public class Utilisateur implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

@Id
private Integer id;

private Integer fixe;

private Boolean deleted;

private Boolean actif;

private String email;

private Integer mobile;

private String motDePasse;

private String nom;

private String prenom;

@ManyToMany
private List<Profil> profils = new ArrayList<Profil>();

public Utilisateur() {
}
}

public class Profil implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

@Id
private Integer id;

private String codeProfil;

private String libelleProfil;

@JsonManagedReference
@ManyToMany
private List<MenuAction> menuActions = new ArrayList<MenuAction>();

public Profil() {
}
}

A: How you generate value for your id?
Seems you need some way to generate value for you ID.
For example, use @GeneratedValue, like:
@GeneratedValue(strategy = IDENTITY)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


LIVE: CALIFORNIA'S MAXIMUM ENFORCEMENT PERIOD FOR THE LABOR DAY WEEKEND IS PART OF A LARGER EFFORT BETWEEN STATE PATROL'S IN WASHINGTON STATE AND OREGON, FOCUSING ON INTERSTATE FIVE. THE COMMISSIONER OF EACH DEPARTMENT IS TAKING PART IN THE ENFORCEMENT OF DRUNK DRIVING, SPEEDING, AND SEAT BELT LAWS.
VO: (:25) AS PART OF THE PHOTO OPPORTUNITY, CALIFORNIA HIGHWAY PATROL COMMISSIONER MIKE BROWN ATTENDED MORNING BRIEFING AT THE WOODLAND OFFICE NEAR SACRAMENTO. BROWN THEN PATROLLED INTERSTATE FIVE THROUGH THAT AREA OF YOLO COUNTY. ALTHOUGH BROWN GOT BEHIND SEVERAL SPEEDING DRIVERS, HE DID NOT ISSUE ANY TICKETS TO DRIVERS.
SAYS: "WE'RE NOT IN THE BUSINESS OF REALLY WRITING TICKETS, WE'RE GETTING IN THE BUSINESS OF VOLUNTARY COMPLIANCE. AND IN THIS CASE, PEOPLE ARE BEHAVING THEMSELVES OUT HERE AT THIS TIME ON THIS STRETCH OF ROADWAY AND THAT'S A GOOD THING. WE JUST COVERED ABOUT 20 MILES, WE'VE BEEN IN AND OUT OF TRAFFIC, DIFFERENT GROUPS, WE HAVE NOT FOUND FOLKS DOING EXCESSIVE SPEED. THOSE FOLKS PUSHING THE ENVELOPE SLOW DOWN WHEN THEY SEE US AND OTHER UNITS OUT HERE. THAT'S A GOOD THING."
VO TAG: BROWN IS STOPPING IN COALINGA ON INTERSTATE FIVE IN FRESNO COUNTY LATER THIS AFTERNOON AND WILL CONCLUDE THE PHOTO OP WITH A PRESS CONFERENCE IN SAN DIEGO ON SUNDAY. MAXIMUM ENFORCEMENT PERIODS PLACE 80 PERCENT OF THE PATROL'S OFFICERS ON DUTY THROUGHOUT THE HOLIDAY WEEKEND. THE PERIOD IS FROM SIX O'CLOCK THIS EVENING TO MIDNIGHT TUESDAY.
SAYS: "TODAY WE'RE KICKING OFF OUR MAXIMUM ENFORCEMENT PERIOD OVER THE LABOR DAY WEEKEND AND ALSO A SPECIAL PROGRAM ON I-5 BETWEEN CANADA AND MEXICO IN CONJUNCTION WITH OUR PARTNERS THE WASHINGTON STATE PATROL AND THE OREGON STATE POLICE, WE'RE TRYING TO START A PROGRAM CALLED ARRIVE ALIVE ON I-5. WE WANT PEOPLE TO BE SAFE ON THAT ROADWAY AND ALL THE ROADWAYS IN CALIFORNIA. LAST YEAR WE LOST 46 PEOPLE IN CALIFORNIA'S THREE DAY HOLIDAY, LABOR DAY AND WE WANT TO REDUCE THAT SIGNIFICANTLY."
SAYS: "A LOT OF SPEED, A LOT OF LANE CHANGES, A LOT OF TURNING MOVEMENTS, DRUNK DRIVERS UP HERE. YOU GET DOWN IN L-A YOU'RE LOOKING AT THINGS LIKE DRUNK DRIVERS, LANE CHANGES, SPEED IS NOT AS BIG AN ISSUE DEPENDING ON LOCATION, THERE'S A LOT OF OTHER THINGS THAT CAN ACTUALLY CAUSE CRASHES. SO YOU HAVE TO KNOW YOUR ROADWAY, KNOW YOUR AREA SO YOU CAN KNOW WHAT'S CAUSING COLLISIONS SO YOU CAN GO AHEAD AND RESPOND."
The Oakland Raiders selected Clemson defensive end Clelin Ferrell with the No. 4 pick in the 2019 NFL draft Thursday in Nashville, Tennessee. Ferrell follows Kyler Murray, Nick Bosa and Quinnen Williams.


LYNX (2 axes slave controller) 15 units at maximum.
adjustment, etc. can be performed easily without PC.
Adopting Motionnet, stage control for 32 axes at maximum is possible from a host controller (PC, etc.) through a communication port.
The number of control axes can be extended with 2 axes unit by connecting multiple LYNX units per ARIES.
Because a motor driver is a separate type, it can be connected to various motor drivers with pulse raw command types as shown next.
Driver box "TITAN" series that system up is possible easily with a cable connection are available.
Linear interpolation drive is possible with optional 2 axes or 3 axes.
When a circular arc interpolation function (option) is necessary, please contact our sales department.
and optional timing (command issue) can be output.
state respectively, and each is insulated with photocoupler.
communication ports,RS-232C and Ethernet, are equipped.
Driving with Handy Terminal, "PYXIS"
and emergency stop with the emergency stop switch are possible.
ARIES/LYNX adopted Motionnet, and actualized control up to 32 axes by connecting LYNX (2 axes slave controller) 15 units at maximum.
operations such as test run, adjustment, etc. can be performed easily without PC.
1,2,4,5,8,10,20,40,80,16,25,50,100,125,200,250 16 types, rotary switch settings.


Specialising in bespoke wedding stationery suites with unique designs that suit your style. But their talents don't stop there.
As well as wedding stationery, they offer a wide range of business design and artwork services from logos to brochures. Ma'Kai Creative also offer beautiful newborn baby photography, fun family lifestyle photoshoots and contemporary wedding photography, so you can capture all of your special memories forever.


Social Media and Social Networking of Stegmed GmbH on Facebook n.a.
Social Media and Social Networking of Stegmed GmbH on Twitter n.a.
Social Media and Social Networking of Stegmed GmbH on Linkedin n.a.
Stegmed GmbH on Google+ n.a.
Social Media and Social Networking of Stegmed GmbH on Flickr n.a.
Social Media and Social Networking of Stegmed GmbH on Youtube n.a.
Stegmed GmbH on iTunes n.a.
Stegmed GmbH on OpenCourseWare n.a.
Stegmed GmbH on Wikipedia n.a.


In September 2014 Shane Ohly (Cape Wrath Ultra™ - Event Director) and his wife, Heather, completed the Cape Wrath Trail. The following report is written by Shane Ohly.
Before I start this adventure let me explain some important facts for potential Cape Wrath Ultra™ competitors.
Second, there is no official Cape Wrath Trail! Rather, there is a whole matrix of route choice options described in the Cicerone guidebook and shown on the excellent Harveys Maps. For example, we had always intended to avoid the more sedate Great Glen start and head out west to the wilds of Knoydart. There were two reasons for this: we thought this route would be more adventurous and remote, and this option would cover more of the proposed the Cape Wrath Ultra™ route that Gary Tompsett and I have been working on. Let's make this crystal clear; the route I am describing here, whilst similar, is not the Cape Wrath Ultra™ race route.
Third, the time shown in the section header for each day is for the entire day's walking and includes all stops. The distance information was measured accurately with mapping software after we had completed the walk.
We made very quick progress along the loch side road to reach Inverscaddle Bay. Here we turned inland following a good track up Cona Glen and into the mountains. Crossing the Bealach to head down towards Glennfinnan it quickly became evident that the persistent heavy rain was going to cause problems for us as the path was by now a torrent of floodwater that was overflowing from the entire mountain. It was not possible to take a single step without being ankle deep in water. Soon enough we came to what would usually be a minor stream but was now in extreme spate and completely uncrossable. Heading further downhill was impossible as we were boxed in by another, even larger, roaring river at the bottom of the valley, so we had little choice but to head steeply uphill, thrashing through sodden thigh deep undergrowth, to seek a safer crossing point. It was a costly delay and an insight into the challenges that could be faced by the competitors and how these would impact on the event logistics.


text:
Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors: From Epigenome to Bedside
Justin Korfhage and David B. Lombard
Justin Korfhage
Department of Pathology and Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
David B. Lombard
ORCID record for David B. Lombard
For correspondence: davidlom@med.umich.edu
DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-19-0147 Published July 2019
This article requires a subscription to view the full text. You may purchase access to this article or login to access your subscription using the links below.
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) are aggressive sarcomas typically developing in the context of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1). With the exception of surgical resection, these tumors are resistant to all current therapies, and unresectable, recurrent, or metastatic tumors are considered incurable. Preclinical studies have identified several novel candidate molecular targets for therapeutic intervention, but, to date, targeted therapies have proven ineffective. Recent studies have identified recurrent mutations in polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) core components, embryonic ectoderm development protein (EED) and suppressor of zeste 12 homolog (SUZ12), in MPNST. These mutations result in global loss of the histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation epigenetic mark, normally deposited by PRC2, and subsequent gain in acetylation at this residue. This altered chromatin state has been shown to promote MPNST malignancy; however, acetylation at this residue sensitizes MPNSTs to BRD4 and bromodomain and extra-terminal domain inhibition. Interestingly, the catalytic component of PRC2, enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), is not mutated in MPNST, hinting that a noncanonical, PRC2-independent function of EZH2 may play a role in this cancer. This review examines the pathobiology of MPNST, the contribution of PRC2 subunits to this process, and the prospects for PRC2-related therapies for this cancer.
Implications: Identification of mutations in the PRC2 components EED and SUZ12 in the majority of MPNSTs may imply noncanonical oncogenic activities of the intact component, EZH2, and provide new opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
Mol Cancer Res 2019;17:1417–28
Received February 5, 2019.
Revision received April 8, 2019.
Accepted April 16, 2019.
Published first April 25, 2019.
You are going to email the following Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors: From Epigenome to Bedside
Mol Cancer Res July 1 2019 (17) (7) 1417-1428; DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-19-0147
Genotype–Phenotype Correlations in NF-1
NF-1–Associated Neoplasia
Loss of PRC2 in MPNST
Current and Future Therapies for MPNST
Considerations for Future Research
Antibody–Drug Conjugates in Cancer Immunotherapy
Ca2+ Signaling in Colorectal Cancer
The Role of PKD1 in Cell Proliferation


text:
Naim Audio Factory Tour
You're nobody without a...naim :-)
Reporter: David Holgate - TNT UK
Pictures: Philip Richter
Visit: 8th October 2003
Naim Audio is a world-class hi-fi manufacturer by anyone's standards. As this report was being completed in late October 2003, reviewers in the British hi-fi press were praising their latest CD player as one of the best ever This is an account of a four-hour visit behind the scenes, guided by Naim's knowledgeable and courteous customer services manager, Richard Dane.
The tour concluded with a half-hour conversation over lunch with Naim's MD, Paul Stephenson.
Arriving at the factory, one is struck by how unassuming it is--just a neat modern brick HQ and associated office and factory space around it, located behind Homebase and MFI off Salisbury's Southampton Road.
A location map is available for download from the Naim website. http://www.naim-audio.com
After some moments in reception, enjoying music on a Naim system (CDX2, NAC202, NAP200 and Allaes) over a great cup of coffee brought to us by production manager Vic Edwards, we were off. Our first stop was a chat with Doug Graham, who is responsible for sales. We looked at a world map, showing Naim's 26 export markets around the world. Unusually for a British manufacturer, 55% of their market is right here in the UK. This shows that Naim is being successful in meeting the high standards of British audiophiles. In a country that is still seen by many to lead the world in this area, having for example more magazines dedicated to the subject than any other country, this is some achievement. Naim have achieved this in a number of ways, not least by retaining control of all aspects of their manufacturing process. As Paul Stephenson told me later, their mission is to make the best possible equipment for people who are passionate about the importance of music in their lives.
Taking a quick look at some unusual looking Naim products sitting on the window shelves (see below), we left the management and sales offices for the factory floor. First stop was the electrostatic protection point, where we strapped on protective ankle straps. Now that Naim uses chips for many applications, Naim sees electrostatic discharge control as essential to protect components at all stages of manufacture from latent damage. This prevents a situation in which a component is partially damaged, and fails prematurely even when it has passed all the rigorous tests carried out at all stages of manufacture.
I know from the resale market for Naim gear that they clearly build their products to last. How long, we wondered? Well, all units come with a two year warranty from the factory, which some dealers and distributors extend up to five years or even beyond because of their confidence in the quality of the Naim products. They have a commitment to replace or repair transport mechanisms way beyond this, aiming at fifteen years or longer for mechanisms. We later saw evidence of this in the service department, where mechanisms from earlier CD players were stored after they had been substituted for newer components through their upgrade scheme. Naim claims that thus far there is almost nothing that they have made that they can't repair, service or replace.
Right through the manufacturing process, Naim aims for consistency: consistent component quality, consistent matching, consistent assembly procedures, and so on. This doesn't mean everything is extremely hi-tech. The machines we watched populating printed circuit boards with discrete components are old-tech, and they have to work hard to find people able to maintain them Most boards are still partially populated by hand, using kits of components specially compiled for each board. For this, the components are sometimes hand-soldered to tack them on before being fed into the flow-soldering machine.
The newly soldered boards look perfect.
However, all are tested for continuity and component function on a Teradyne unit. We watched one 500 board fail this test and be sent back to have a faulty resistor replaced--the tester shows exactly which one needs replacing! In fact, the Teradyne unit itself is soon to be replaced by flying probe technology. We moved on before asking what this would do as well....
The atmosphere throughout the factory is relaxed but busy. People seem happy working there with the consequence being that the turnover of staff is very low. With orders for the new CDS 3 180% above estimated demand, everyone seemed to be working busily, but steadily. Factory space was clearly at a premium.
Developments? While Naim is primarily committed to two-channel technology and 16-bit red book CD-players, it is also moving into the world of DVD. Their first DVD player is to be released early in 2004, and other AV products are in the pipeline. The prototype DVD player was unveiled last weekend at the London show, and the manufacturers of the screen used to demo it liked it so much that they have decided to use it to demonstrate their screens in future. Meanwhile, Naim's chief concern is to make sure that it is the best sounding DVD-player on the market! In fact, AV is not new to Naim. Their AV2 came out two years ago, and we saw an example of the AV1 beside Richard's desk at the end of our tour (see picture below).
Of course audiophiles know that Naim is famous for having a distinctive sound, even if some argue that it has been steadily changing in recent years. So, I asked Richard if Naim would ever think of making a valve amplifier? No, he said, transistors are far more consistent and reliable, and they have designed and built their own transistors (the 007), which, he claims, avoid a tonal greyness that has sometimes been an accusation made at Naim by fans of the valve. These 007s also add greater speed and bandwidth to the fundamental Naim qualities of Pitch, Rhythm and Timing.
We moved onto the PCB stores, where components are selected and matched by testing. We saw transistors being matched as perfect pairs. This close attention to the exact characteristics of components is one reason why it is not easy to build, say, a HiCap clone at home, even if the circuit seems simple enough! As well as stocks of components for current products, we also saw supplies for supporting earlier products; e.g. a circuit board for an early preamp. Elsewhere in the factory, we saw new (NOS) fascias for their first preamp, the NAC 12 still in their protective plastic.
Service department The service department is not a profit-making part of the company, but is designed to support Naim ownership. It does this by only charging for actual work done: they first do the work and then provide an accurate costing for it for the customer. If this is not accepted, then the work is undone! As long as the casework is intact, they can pretty much fix, service or repair everything inside it.
We saw cabinets for the SL2, built for Naim in Denmark, which are veneered inside and out. Inside? Yes, to maintain cabinet strength! As with amps and CD players, Naim can refurbish cabinets and update drivers of many older models, e.g. earlier SBLs can have the original Mordaunt Short drivers replaced with Naim's own units. We saw some IBLs in for a driver update.
Naim has just found an extra box of grilles for these, so contact them if you need one (stocks limited!). As you would expect, the crossover units for the huge DBL speakers (approx. £11,000 a pair) are also massive.
In this area, we chatted to Clive who is not only involved with the speakers, but has also been hand-building the legendary ARO unipivot tonearm for the past 12 years. He estimates that he has personally made over one thousand. How does he test that each one is up to spec? Simply by using a standard LP12 deck and an Ortofon TC310 cartridge tester. By knowing the results to expect from the cartridge on a good arm, it is easy to see if there is anything amiss with each new one.
Apart from the drivers used in their proposed new entry-level speakers, Naim builds all their own drivers, only buying in tweeters (from Scan Speak or Vifa) and the biggest bass drivers for the DBL (from ATC). We looked at the high-quality purpose-built packaging needed for each speaker, and then moved onto where the Fraims were being cleaned and packed for distribution. Why do supports make a difference? Richard argues that a good support like the Fraim, serves to resist incoming vibrations and channel outgoing vibrations. All the Fraim components are also tested for performance. Surprisingly, mild steel ball bearings work better than stainless steel ones here!
We went on down to the store area. Looking at sealed packs of speaker cabinets, we were reminded that everything is built to order here. Following a model of manufacturing originating in Japan, no money is tied up in piles of unsold stock.
Apart from being well-managed, Naim is also a safety-conscious company. Imagine our surprise then to find a snake handling machine here! Well, maybe not snake handling, but Naim does have a Snaic Shaker. Here is the picture to prove it--the legend on the right of the Naim logo reads: "Come shake your snaic with me".
Naim sees their cabling as integral to all their products and every one is made in-house. Having been made, all the interconnects, called Snaics, are shaken 180 times to make them sound better! What does an unshaken Snaic sound like? I asked. It's impossible to answer because all Snaics are shaken before use. Are we in the realm of superstition here? Maybe. But what is attractive about Naim is the way they constantly seek to build on experience, knowledge and practice.
How is this knowledge stored, we wondered. The answer is mainly in the person of its current leaders, Roy George, the R&D guru and Paul Stephenson, the MD. Attention to detail is sometimes mystical and sometimes practical. For example, a very heavy solid brass plate lowers the resonant frequency of the suspended boards in the NAC552 below audible levels, and the transformers are all massively over spec, see the picture of those awaiting service in the 552 preamp.
One of the marks of Paul Stephenson's leadership is his commitment to open up the Naim experience to others. Thus, Naim gear now sports RCA sockets as well as the traditional DINs. It gives people who might have been put off by the DINs a chance to do an A/B test for themselves at home. Naim has come up with some clever software to do this via the remote, disabling the alternate input/output to avoid loss of signal quality.
Naim is fanatical about quality control at all stages in the manufacturing process to ensure consistency in their products. When components arrive, samples of all shipments are tested against computer records to ensure that they are still accurately within spec.
Another means of achieving consistency is to supply specialised leads and cables for all their equipment. We saw the machine that cuts and prepares all the wiring required. In the wiring room the PCBs are married up with their transformers and chassis. Although the wiring is done by hand, it is done to an exact pattern, following a template. The room has a library of each template, to guide workers, e.g. we saw the 552 wiring template. Again, through a process of experimentation, Naim claims that performance can be enhanced or degraded by tiny details such as the location of cable ties. We saw the CD5 CD player, NAP 200 power amplifier and Supercap power supply being built here.
How, we asked, does Naim make these discoveries, and then test and store the ones that work? Given the deep commitment of Naim owners to their kit, does Naim get useful tips from Naim enthusiasts? Sometimes, answers Richard, but often these tips make the equipment sound different, rather than better, in Naim's judgement. Naim is not really the ideal brand for tweakers, because it believes that it has already made all the best tweaks.
After the assembly stage is completed, full testing of each completed unit begins. They use Miller Audio Research testing equipment, and Naim claims to have been the first company to identify small timing errors in the digital datastream, now commonly referred to as jitter, as the critical element affecting CD playback. After technical tests, each product is soak tested by being switched on and off every 30 minutes for 48 hours! Failures are very rare, but this is a means of ensuring that no faulty components have slipped through the earlier manufacturing checks and also reduces the time it takes for components to burn-in.
Once soak tested, the products are cased-up. Due to the very tight tolerances involved, special jigs are used to do this accurately for CD players. We happened to check out some CDX2s waiting to be cased up and noted that their analogue output stages are still made of discrete components, and not surface mounted ones.
Finally, there is one more test, that Naim claims is unique to the audio industry: each item gets listened to individually before despatch, with extended listening tests applied to top of the range models like the CDS3 CD players and the NAC 552 preamp.
Finally, the products are boxed up with all manuals, cables and appropriate plugs (cf. the cables for different parts of the world, e.g. Swiss cables.) Naim controls costs by not keeping stocks of any completed goods except their entry-level equipment--all items are shipped out within days of completion.
What about Service? I said earlier in this report that support is an essential part of the Naim philosophy.
Sheila is the queen of the service department and, along with manager Mark, is the point of contact with all customers who choose to deal directly with Naim for their service requirements, rather than via their dealer. Naim encourages dealer involvement, but recognises that customers may lose contact with the original dealer through resale over the years.
Owners of Naim gear can often have their gear upgraded to the original or better specs for a special scheme price. This upgrade scheme is also one of the ways that Naim is able to maintain stocks of key parts (e.g. for earlier CDS models) when repairs are needed. The service department gives one an idea of what Naim looked like in the early days.
On the way to the dem room to do a bit of listening, we passed by the R and D department. Chief designer Roy George was out at the time, though we caught up with him just before we left. We looked over the prototype of the Nait 5i which is due out before Christmas 2003. We also checked out some of the speakers in the hallway, from giant DBLs, which are still in production after 12 years, to prototypes of the new entry level Ariva speakers.
These are the latest in a line that goes back to the IBLs, (see full TNT review), and Naim claim that they are "less of an acquired taste" than the IBLs with more bass from a design that has a similarly small footprint. Again, as with all Naim loudspeakers, these are designed for placement against the wall. All Naim products are limited editions in their own way. So, if you buy the Arivas today, it is likely that they will become classics of the future.
The dem room is a large rectangular space, comfortably furnished but not particularly smart, considering the cost of some of the gear on dem. Again the emphasis is on sound quality, not décor! We listened to Steely Dan's Gaucho on an ARO/LP12 combo. The ARO was fitted with an exotic Ortofon SPU Royal N cartridge that they were testing. The phono stage was a Prefix built into the LP12 plinth, and amplified through a 552/NAC500 combo. The speakers were SL2s (two-way passive).
There was not enough time to do any kind of listening test, so I can't comment on the sound, especially with an unusual cartridge. We were just about to turn our attention to the CDS3 for comparison when Paul Stephenson joined us and we went across to Naim's staff canteen for lunch and a short interview.
Paul was curious about TNT and its interest in the history of some of Naim's older products, e.g. Lucio's enthusiasm for the Nait 1. While he understands that TNT is for the hobbyist and the enthusiast, he stressed that a living company like Naim has to focus on the present and look to the future. Again, I was reminded that Naim is too busy working out its calling to have much time for being a living museum. He has been with Naim since 1980, and took over from the late Julian Vereker three years ago.
Paul is proud to be the head of a company that makes high quality, high performance products. His vision of families happily gathered together listening to Naim systems making beautiful music may be a little idealistic, but nevertheless, the Naim sound is one that is developed and tested through constant use of the products at home. While they are developing products for the DVD market, 98% of their production is still for two-channel audio.
Who are the main users of Naim's two-channel audio equipment? Sales in this area were up 30% last year, and again 25% this year. Whether there are more high-end two-channel enthusiasts out there, or whether Naim is simply gaining a larger share of an existing market, this does mean that SACD and DVD-A are not going to change this focus anytime soon. This is good news for the many people who have invested in huge CD collections. Paul repeats that Naim exists to serve people who are passionate about the place of music in their lives, rather than people interested in "hi-fi". The aim at Naim is still to get the recorded signal out as nearly exactly as it came in during recording. In this respect, he claimed that the "Naim sound" hasn't changed, though Naim has taken advantage of new technologies and new design solutions for meeting this central goal. It would have been good to have explored this further, but time was moving on.
The good news for people with "everyday" incomes, is that Naim's entry-level products benefit from the same technical quality and advances as their higher priced ones, and that their entry-level gear has actually come down in price. This means that the Naim "extended family" of existing owners is likely to continue to grow.
Just before Paul left I asked about the philosophy behind the Naim recording label. In line with Naim's desire to support real music lovers, the idea is to provide an outlet for some of the more demanding, less commercial music which would otherwise not be recorded. The label records music that needs to be listened to attentively, and hopes to make a contribution to revitalising the classical music scene. There are no long-term contracts to tie artists down, and exceptionally high royalties are given to the artists. This sympathy with the artist comes from all Naim staff being "frustrated musicians" at heart. On the technical side, being involved in the recording process is a "wholesome adjunct" to their main business because it helps them to understand more about this stage in the whole recording-reproduction process.
The tour was almost over. We dropped back into the dem room for a quick word with Roy George.
No developmental secrets were revealed, but he did say that Naim would continue to support the vinyl format for as long as demand for this remained and didn't rule out the development of new products in this area.
We collected our bags from the open plan office shared by Paul S, Doug Graham and Richard Dane, and took some pictures of the very rare Naim gear that caught our eye earlier. These were: the NAT 301 AM/FM tuner (a prototype that was never put into production), and the AV1 unit (a full-bandwidth surround sound add-on), a rare example of Naim's first foray into this area.
Finally, our thanks to all the staff of Naim for giving time and information for this factory report, especially Paul Stephenson, Richard Dane, Doug Graham, Vic Edwards and Roy George. Richard is always happy to take customers or Naim enthusiasts on a tour of the factory, as long as this is arranged in advance to fit in with what can be a very busy schedule! As the company's main link with customers, apart from factory visits, he also maintains the Naim forum--see their website for details--and answers customer emails, often as many as 100 a day.
© Copyright 2003 David Holgate - www.tnt-audio.com
HTML editing: Tom Browne