text:
Publication - Strategy/plan
Draft Fuel Poverty Strategy for Scotland 2018
Housing and Social Justice Directorate
Equality and rights, Housing
The draft fuel poverty strategy sets out the policy development of the Fuel Poverty (Target, Definition and Strategy)(Scotland) Bill and the draft Fuel Poverty Strategy for Scotland 2018.
A Strategic Perspective
Ministerial Foreword
Delivering the Strategy
Annex A
An Outcomes Focussed Approach
Through the Fuel Poverty (Target, Definition and Strategy) (Scotland) Bill we will bring forward legislation which focusses our efforts and drives forward action to reduce fuel poverty. But we recognise that this legislation alone will not deliver all of our aims. Our approach must be more strategic and take account of the range of mechanisms that can be used to target support towards those who need it most.
Of the three traditionally recognised drivers (income, fuel prices and energy efficiency), and the additional influence of how individuals use energy in their homes, it is only the energy efficiency of our properties where the Scottish Government has full control.
This means that a collaborative approach to tackle all drivers effectively is crucial, and we are already working hard to put these approaches in place. For example, energy companies, consumer groups and the statutory bodies such as Ofgem and the CMA are among our key partners in delivering a fairer Scotland. A summit was convened by the Scottish Government in January 2018 to bring together stakeholders to share good practice and identify ways to work collaboratively for the benefit of energy consumers in Scotland.
A number of practical and collaborative actions were identified, including doing more to help customers with restricted meters to get a better deal, helping prepayment customers who are at risk of self-disconnecting and raising the profile of Priority Services Registers.
As well as looking at outputs, we are committed to building on our current approaches to capturing the impact of our efforts to reduce fuel poverty on people and communities by monitoring and measuring outcomes. We currently report annually on the outcomes of our programmes and produce a separate Annual Report on our Warmer Homes Scotland scheme. We have recently begun installing temperature monitoring equipment in properties benefiting from energy efficiency measures under Warmer Homes Scotland which will provide data on the impact of the measures installed. We are also committed to carrying out a comprehensive evaluation of our HEEPS programme to establish how effective it has been in improving the energy efficiency of properties and the lives of householders. Continuing to monitor and report on progress will be a key element of the five yearly reporting, to be developed with the Fuel Poverty Advisory Panel and we will ensure that this is aligned, where appropriate, with the monitoring and evaluation framework to be developed for Energy Efficient Scotland.
In our consultation, we included an outcomes framework and asked for comments on it. Responses to those questions made it clear that there was broad agreement about the move to an outcomes focussed approach. We want to ensure the framework is an effective tool in helping to identify the relationship between a range of policies and programmes with fuel poverty, and that we fully consider how their contribution can be reflected in the monitoring and evaluation we undertake. We will work with the Scottish Fuel Poverty Advisory Panel to develop the framework which we will publish in a Final Fuel Poverty Strategy in 2019.
Cross portfolio commitments
We recognise that tackling fuel poverty effectively has a number of benefits. Improving the energy performance of homes can have a significant impact on health and wellbeing, particularly on children's respiratory health and therefore healthcare professionals will continue to have an important role in referring people in cold homes to sources of support.
Infographic Text:
Investment in energy efficiency to support our ambitions to eradicate fuel poverty and increase wellbeing
We are committed to reducing health inequalities resulting from living in fuel poverty and encourage collaborative working that will help mitigate the impacts of fuel poverty on health and wellbeing, and this was set out in a joint Ministerial letter, issued in May 2017, to NHS Scotland Chief Executives and Directors of Public Health.
This Draft Strategy and the Fuel Poverty Bill are supported by a Health Impact Assessment. This provides details and evidence on the effects on health and wellbeing of living in a cold home and of energy efficiency interventions, current partnership engagement with NHS Scotland and how we propose to build on this to help reduce health inequalities for those living in fuel poverty.
In addition, the Scottish Fuel Poverty Advisory Panel membership includes NHS Health Scotland and we will continue to work with them to build on existing and, as necessary, develop new partnerships alongside wider joined-up approaches. This will build on the progress already made, in particular with NHS Health Scotland which, in response to our Fairer Scotland Action Plan, has pledged to work in partnership with NHS Boards to develop national referral pathways between NHS services and local advice services, including the provision of energy advice, to maximise the income of patients.
There are also wider benefits, including reducing social isolation and empowering communities to take ownership of their own energy needs. We have seen evidence of these interventions also supporting growth in the economy by helping to reduce sickness absence for those in work and school; promoting motivation; improving educational attainment; and increasing productivity.
In addition, improvements to the energy efficiency of our homes, and our efforts to decarbonise the heat supply to our building stock helps to address both climate change and fuel poverty objectives. We recognise that the decarbonisation of the Scottish economy must be achieved in a way which delivers an environmentally and socially sustainable economy. To help prepare for this, and to ensure that decarbonisation is a positive experience for our communities, we will establish a Just Transition Commission later this year. The Commission will provide advice to Ministers on how to continue decarbonising Scotland in a fair way that will also help to tackle inequality, poverty and promote a fair and inclusive jobs market.
We are considering the economic impacts of the programmes we are putting in place to deliver our ambitions to eradicate fuel poverty. The Energy Efficient Scotland Route Map confirmed that the Programme has the potential to create a substantial Scottish market and supply chain for energy efficiency services and technologies, with every £100 million spent on energy efficiency improvements in 2018 estimated to support approximately 1,200 full-time equivalent jobs. This will be a boost to the national and local economies.
At a cross-Ministerial Summit on fuel poverty which took place on 6 December 2017, Ministers recognised these wider benefits and agreed to continue to seek opportunities to put in place actions that can be undertaken across portfolios that will complement this strategy and ensure a true cross-government approach is taken to reduce fuel poverty levels. Initial high level commitments are set out in the following table:
1. Support NHS Boards and Health and Social Care Partnerships to build on existing programmes - such as the Links Worker programme - that facilitate access to help for those vulnerable to the poor health outcomes associated with fuel/energy poverty and roll these out on a Scotland-wide basis.
2. The Climate Change Plan will include policies to tackle fuel poverty, thereby also promoting climate justice.
3. Fuel Poverty will be prioritised and supported throughout the Energy Efficient Scotland Programme
4. We have set out our ambition to establish a public energy company to support our efforts to resolve fuel poverty and help to achieve our climate change targets.
5. Put in place a social security system based on the principles of dignity, fairness and respect, that encourages more people, including those on low incomes who may have struggled with their fuel bills, to claim the financial support they are entitled to.
6. Consumer engagement and protection is at the heart of Scotland's Energy Strategy. We will work hard to protect consumers from excessive or avoidable costs and will develop an Energy Consumers Action Plan to ensure that consumers can benefit from the energy transition.
7. We will ensure any proposals taken forward on Local Heat and Energy Efficiency Strategies ( LHEES) recognise the potential impact on fuel poor households
8. In collaboration with the enterprise agencies; skills bodies; and industry representatives, explore the opportunities to build on existing expertise and shape a workforce across Scotland, including in rural areas, that is able to deliver on Energy Efficient Scotland objectives.
These cross-government actions set the course for a new approach, but we are clear that they need to be built upon and further developed in collaboration with stakeholders across relevant sectors before we publish a fuel poverty strategy in 2019 under the new legislation. This will ensure we drive forward robust actions that contribute effectively to our aims of eradicating fuel poverty. This isn't a definitive list and we will continue to explore the engagement and impacts of living wage and fair work policies on fuel poverty outcomes. We will also continue to develop the links with emerging poverty eradication workstreams, including through 'Every Child, Every Chance, The Tackling Child Poverty Delivery Plan 2018-22 [11] ', which includes actions to help maximise household incomes and avoid some of the additional costs of the poverty premium. For example, we are committed to introduce a new Financial Health Check Guarantee for low income families with children in 2018. This is a major two year programme with a £1.5 million budget each year. The programme will offer low income parents the opportunity for personalised advice on income maximisation and how to avoid paying the 'poverty premium'. It could help increase incomes by getting those households better access to cheaper deals on energy or other utilities; advice on government programmes that can help; or help with benefits that haven't been claimed in full or at all.
This draft strategy gives a clear sense of the shape of the fuel poverty strategy to be published in 2019 under the Fuel Poverty (Target, Definition and Strategy) (Scotland) Bill. Following publication of the Fuel Poverty Strategy in 2019, we intend to publish a report on it every 5 years until 2040. Each report on the strategy must set out the progress that has been made to meet the non-statutory sub-targets, and towards the overall 2040 target, which must be met. This is intended to be both a reflection of achievements to date as well as a forward look, identifying new actions that will contribute to our aims of eradicating fuel poverty.
Reports will be jointly developed and agreed with key partners (including local authorities and Community Planning Partnerships). Through this approach it is our intention to ensure collaboration on reporting progress and to demonstrate collective responsibility for action.
We are acutely aware that technologies and circumstances will change over time. Some technology may make a greater contribution to help meet the eradication target. Some circumstances, including changes in fuel prices and the effects of climate change, may make meeting the target harder. We will undertake a review of delivery of the strategy to 2030 and recommend further necessary action to take to meet the 2040 target and associated sub-targets. This would be undertaken by 2031.
Annual reporting on overall fuel poverty levels will continue through the SHCS. In order to monitor the new definition at the national level, we are collecting new information on childcare costs and the income of other adults in a household (in addition to the highest income householder and their partner or spouse) in the 2018 SHCS. Therefore, from December 2019, the SHCS Key Findings will be able to report fuel poverty rates which are fully aligned with the new definition.
We will also report annually on the delivery of energy efficiency measures through our programmes, as is currently done through the Home Energy Efficiency Programmes for Scotland Delivery Report.
The statistics and SHCS report that will indicate 2040 fuel poverty levels will not be available for at least 12 months after 2040. It is therefore our intention to publish a final report no later than 2042 on the outcome of the strategy and any continuing actions that lwill be put in place as a result.
Governance: Advisory Bodies
To ensure robust and effective governance for monitoring progress and providing additional scrutiny of the Strategy over the period to 2040, Scottish Ministers have established two new, independently chaired groups: the Scottish Fuel Poverty Advisory Panel; and Partnership Forum. Together these groups replace the former Scottish Fuel Poverty Forum.
The Advisory Panel is a smaller, strategic group which will meet at least four times a year and report to Ministers annually on progress. The Partnership Forum is a broader representative body for the fuel poverty sector, and will meet a minimum of once per year, with the potential to meet a second time within the same year if required.
The main activities of the Advisory Panel include:
monitoring and reporting on progress of the development and implementation of the Scottish Government's Fuel Poverty Strategy, including the new fuel poverty target;
supporting and challenging Government at all levels on delivery of its fuel poverty and energy efficiency programmes and efforts to tackle fuel poverty;
encouraging and fostering a partnership approach to tackling fuel poverty across the public, private and third sectors; and
monitoring and reporting on the delivery of the Fuel Poverty Strategic Working Group's and Rural Fuel Poverty Task Force's recommendations contained in each group's respective reports.
The main activities of the Scottish Fuel Poverty Partnership Forum include:
reviewing the annual SHCS results regarding levels of fuel poverty;
providing a source of expertise that can be called upon to sit on short life working groups on specific issues and provide evidence to the Advisory Panel as required; and
supporting a co-ordinated approach to tackling fuel poverty across the public, private and third sectors.
Details of membership remit and work plans for both groups are published on the Scottish Government's website and minutes of their meetings will be regularly updated.
We have listened to feedback that suggested our approach to a new Fuel Poverty Strategy could be improved by taking account of those with lived experience of fuel poverty. We agree that this will be an important part of assessing our progress and will help us determine and mainstream approaches that can best support people living in fuel poverty and to prevent others from experiencing the same hardships. That is why we have ensured the consultation requirements in the Fuel Poverty (Target, Definition and Strategy) (Scotland) Bill obliges Scottish Ministers to consult with people with experience of fuel poverty when making any regulations under the Act.
In addition to this, the new governance arrangements we have put in place for the monitoring of progress on tackling fuel poverty, through establishing the new Scottish Fuel Poverty Advisory Panel and Partnership Forum, will mean that those with lived experience directly inform the strategic advice provided to Ministers, and the workplan activities of these new bodies. This is ensured through the diverse membership of the two groups: an organisational representative of The Poverty Alliance, whose own members include individuals with experience of poverty, sits on the Advisory Panel; and a Commissioner of The Poverty Truth Commission, who has direct lived experience, sits on the Partnership Forum.
The Poverty and Inequality Commission have recognised the strong links between policies targeting different forms of poverty. In their recent advice to the Scottish Government on the Tackling Child Poverty Delivery Plan, the Commission welcomed the proposed changes to the definition of fuel poverty to strengthen the relationship with low income. They also advised that the Scottish Government should continue its work to reduce fuel poverty and ensure that it is focused on supporting those on low incomes.
Our partners, both at a local and a national level, have a critical role in helping us to eradicate fuel poverty. It is through building strong partnerships that we will better identify those who need support most, and deliver it to them in a way that is best suited to their needs. By working closely with our partners, we can create more opportunities to raise awareness and take further action to increase uptake of the support available by effective signposting. And we recognise the importance of flexibility to enable partnership approaches that respond to local needs.
We fund Home Energy Scotland ( HES) to provide free and impartial energy advice to all callers via the Freephone hotline number. In addition, HES is the only referral route for households experiencing fuel poverty, to our national energy efficiency schemes.
Our schemes are designed to assist the fuel poor households that may be in the most urgent need of support, and it is for this reason we want as many organisations as possible to partner with HES to ensure that referrals to the help we can offer are accessible and available across Scotland.
Because HES is giving clear and impartial advice on making homes cheaper to heat every day, it is important that the advisors are trained and supported to deliver excellent customer service. HES is now credit rated on the Scottish Qualifications Authority ( SQA) Scottish Credit and Qualifications Framework, and as a result they are already benefiting from increased skills and knowledge amongst staff and from greater consistency and control in their training, leading to improved working practices.
Through HES, we already prioritise actively seeking engagement with partner organisations representing interests in health, mental health, early years and carers. As a result, many more locally based organisations now have clear referral pathways to access support to tackle fuel poverty, and there are more organisations we can reach.
We value the knowledge and expertise locally based organisations and community groups have. We want to be a part of strengthening the network of support they can offer the individuals they help, and we will ensure that we continue to identify and engage new partners, particularly in priority areas such as the health sector and families with young children, to make sure more eligible households are made aware of the help they can get.
Respondents to our consultation on the development of the strategy told us that many of our existing partnerships are working well, particularly in terms of the number and range of households accessing the HES services and it is very encouraging that in a recent customer satisfaction survey over 99% of customers were satisfied with the service they received from HES. Respondents to our consultation also suggested ways in which partnership engagement and HES services could be enhanced or expanded, including:
Closer working with local partners and community-level organisations, to build from their knowledge of local circumstances and how this can support engagement with households who may be less able to access national partners' services. This approach may help to extend the range of and quality of services available to HES customers, enabling more effective referrals between HES and local services.
More use of outreach and in-person approaches, including use of local organisations that vulnerable households are more likely to engage with as a means of identifying needs and providing fuel poverty advice. We will reflect on the outcomes of the HES Homecare pilot to build in a service of intense support for the most vulnerable clients.
Improving the customer journey for those who do not speak English as their first language. In addition to services already offered by HES in foreign languages, it was suggested that HES provide multilingual advisors to provide advice and support in the home for vulnerable clients and to extend this service from initial advice through to the installation of any measures available from Scottish Government energy efficiency scheme.
Much of this activity is already underway through the current work plan for HES and will consider how activity in these areas can be driven forward, including as part of the HES contract retender exercise, being taken forward this year.
HES will continue to actively encourage closer partnership working, including exploring the establishment of data sharing agreements with key partners, such as local authorities, community groups and energy advice providers, to support a more coordinated identification process and response to those most vulnerable to fuel poverty. In particular, HES will focus efforts in this way towards those with more limited access to HES services. HES will also explore extending the current provision of multilingual advice and support to ensure everyone in Scotland can access all their services.
HES will continue to raise awareness of their services across local organisations and the wider public, including the delivery of community-based events and/or workshops to provide advice and information to support locally based organisations with particular focus on areas with limited locally-based advice provision. This will ensure the consistency of the provision of energy advice and support to everyone wherever they live in Scotland, and we will set this out in more detail in the Fuel Poverty Strategy to be published in 2019 under the new legislation.
New and emerging partnerships
More proactive engagement to identify and partner with a wider range of organisations is necessary in order to reach the households who are struggling to afford their fuel bills. Through HES we are continuing to develop pathways to make as many local and national partnerships across Scotland as we can, using both a bottom up and top down approach, to ensure we engage with those organisations effectively and maximise reach.
For a number of years, HES has been able to provide support for home energy efficiency projects through the Scottish Government's Climate Challenge Fund ( CCF) [12] and this has enabled us to engage with a great number of locally delivered, front facing organisations on fuel poverty issues. The CCF supports communities across Scotland to take action on climate change and make the move to low carbon living. Since 2008, the Scottish Government has made 1,097 awards valued at £101 million to 658 communities through the CCF. Applicants wishing to carry out home energy efficiency projects are encouraged to work with HES on the project, and to request a letter of support from HES to this effect. Having this support from HES will increase the chance of projects being awarded funding.
During the period 2009-18, on average 44 letters of support have been issued by HES to CCF applicants per year, resulting in an annual average of 25 projects going on to receive funding. Over the same period, there has been an overall positive upward trend in the number of letters issued, reflecting the positive engagement and strength of partnership working between the two programmes. Last year alone, HES worked with and offered letters of support to 83 CCF applicants compared to only 6 during 2009/10 – 47 of these latest applications were successful and have been awarded CCF funding. In total, since 2009 HES has supported CCF projects whose collective value is equal to just over £22.4 million.
We will continue to strengthen the links between fuel poverty and projects supported by this funding.
Locally Based and Face-to-Face Support
We think it's important that face to face support is available for those who need more assistance. In 2017 we launched a HES Homecare pilot project, targeting face-to-face advice and support in the home to the most vulnerable fuel poor households, in two rural areas, Dumfries and Galloway and Moray. This pilot is an example of how HES continues to develop locally based and delivered support mechanisms that can reach those most in need. A case study demonstrating the real life benefits of this pilot can be found on the Scottish Government's website [13] .
We have encouraged HES to work with locally based organisations to transform the scale of their partnerships. One example of this is the engagement with Home-Start – a charity that helps families with young children deal with the challenges they face:
Case Study: HES initially made contact with Home-Start in Clackmannanshire in September 2017, providing local staff with training on fuel poverty and HES services and putting in place a referral agreement using the HES online referral portal. The Home-Start manager recognised the benefits of this service for other Home-Starts across Scotland and facilitated engagement between their national contact and HES. Since January 2018 HES has been working closely with Home Start at a national level to encourage local engagement in other areas across Scotland. This rapidly resulted in engagement with three additional Home-Start projects in Stranraer, Maryhill and West Lothian. In the first two months of the project HES received 20 referrals from Home-Start projects. This partnership is now well established and continues to grow. Home-Start has also agreed to promote an awareness campaign focussing on lone parents by highlighting the support we offer on fuel poverty to local projects through their own network of contacts and helping to achieve our mutual aims on both fuel poverty and child poverty.
Another approach being developed through partnership working by HES involves MacMillan Cancer Support. The two organisations held several meetings during 2016 to discuss what form of engagement would be practical and effective. It was agreed that the point of contact would be 'benefit partnership' workers based in third party welfare rights advice centres, such as Citizens Advice Bureaux, local authority money advice services and similar. These workers specialise in providing advice and guidance on benefits and other practical matters to cancer sufferers and their families. HES provided training at several locations in May 2017 to inform the workers about fuel poverty and the support available from HES and they were encouraged to sign up to and use the HES online referral portal. This partnership has proven to be an excellent route for HES to engage with a variety of advice services and within the first year 160 referrals were received from more than 20 different benefits partnerships.
On wider health engagement, we know that NHS websites are a trusted source of information and so the NHS 24 and NHS information websites are currently featuring HES in a campaign highlighting them as a source of advice to help householders save money on their energy bills and make their home a healthier place to live. This follows on from the success HES have had engaging with the health service and helping patients through having a presence in local GP surgeries across Scotland. For example, since winter 2017 HES have had a monthly advice presence at Craigmillar Medical Group. The surgery found this to be so beneficial to their patients they recently requested they be added to the online referral portal – becoming the first GP surgery signed up to make regular referrals to HES.
It's clear there is scope to build on the success of this approach as the Scottish Government implements the new social security powers devolved to Scotland by the Scotland Act 2016. Social Security Scotland is the agency within the Scottish Government family which is responsible for delivering the devolved benefits. Once fully operational the Agency will provide a local presence across Scotland, providing face-to-face support and advice, supported by centralised administrative functions undertaken by staff in our Dundee headquarters and Glasgow.
Social Security Scotland staff will be in place to help people understand what devolved benefits they are entitled to, help complete applications, support people through the process and take forward any follow up actions relating to their case. They will also work closely with other advice and support organisations to help people access other forms of assistance they are eligible for and ensure that services work together to deliver the best outcomes for our clients.
A partnership between Social Security Scotland and Home Energy Scotland is already being formed. We will continue to work together to develop effective referral routes between the organisations and share best practice.
Wider Engagement & Leveraged Funding
To ensure 'value for money' under our national fuel poverty programme, Warmer Homes Scotland ( WHS), Warmworks – who are contracted to deliver the programme on behalf of the Scottish Government – is required to leverage funding from sources other than the core Scottish Government budget in order to increase the number of households that can benefit from the scheme. To achieve this Warmworks are developing strategic partnerships with a variety of different stakeholders, such as Scottish & Southern Electricity Networks 'Enabling Funding'. This fund was set up in November 2016 to help customers in SSEN-supplied areas who require additional work that is not included in the Warmer Homes Scotland grant to be carried out in preparation for their installation.
Warmworks also continues to work with Scottish Gas Networks to ensure households can access the 'Help to Heat' scheme, which offers free or discounted connections to the gas network for households that are in fuel poverty or at risk of living in fuel poverty. In total, the monetary value leveraged into Warmer Homes Scotland through these partnerships – SSEN Enabling Funding, ECO and SGN Connections – during 2016/17 was £931,276. This additional funding is important to the long-term sustainability of Warmer Homes Scotland, particularly given the current economic climate and public sector budget constraints.
The valuable partnerships that Warmworks has developed to continue to improve delivery of the WHS programme delivers wider economic benefits as well that can help to strengthen a local community's economic growth prospects, indirectly building resilience against the likelihood of a household falling into fuel poverty. For example, as part of its contract to deliver the scheme Warmworks also delivers a range of community benefits, including targets on employment and training. To date, Warmer Homes Scotland has helped to create, secure and support over 300 jobs across Scotland, including the islands. In January 2018, there were 89 modern apprentices involved in the delivery of the scheme.
National Strategic-Level Governance
Widening the scope of organisations we engage with is crucial to the delivery of this strategy and isn't for HES to pursue alone. At a national governance level, the independent Scottish Fuel Poverty Advisory Panel and Partnership Forum groups provide a route for new strategic partnerships to be explored. For example, the independent Chair of these advisory groups has met with the Chair of the Poverty & Inequality Commission to discuss how their groups can best work together moving forward to ensure cross-fertilisation of experience and alignment of advice. The Chairs have agreed to share the groups' work-plans and will each make an effort to attend at least one meeting of the other group per year, where possible.
Members of the Commission were also provided an open offer to meet with any Member of the Advisory Panel, as appropriate, as part of a broader educational process to ensure a shared understanding of the key issues surrounding fuel poverty. The Commission and Advisory Panel will also work collaboratively to inform advice to the Scottish Government on implementation of the Tackling Child Poverty Delivery Plan.


Anyone that has a pet that sheds should understand the need for a functional, effective vacuum cleaner for pet hair. Some dog and cat owners learn to embrace shedding as part of pet ownership. The animal has to shed its coat – and we simply have to clean up after it when it does. The best vacuum for pet hair makes this task a lot easier. Here we will look at some of the different types of vacuums and their key features, before discussing 10 of the best models.
What is the difference between a pet hair vacuum and normal vacuum cleaner.
Some people may ask why we can't just use a normal vacuum cleaner to handle pet hair. The answer all depends on the capabilities of that "normal" machine. It is quite likely that these standard models won't have the suction, strength, tools and filtration to handle pet hair. The best vacuum for pet hair will attack the problem where typical vacuum cant. This generally comes down to the following reasons.
They also have strong, well-made brushes to drag embedded hair from carpets in higher quantities.
They then have simple dirt canisters and tangle-free tech. This means that all the hair is collected and disposed of with ease.
They also have fine filters to pick up allergens from the hair and reduce any risk to those with pet allergies.
Finally, the machines are just as strong and manoeuvrable as the best of the "normal" models.
Different types of vacuums for pet hair to consider.
The first is quite a popular choice among pet owners. There are many top vacuum cleaners that work on different surfaces and use different tools. This creates a more diverse cleaning performance that can handle the whole home. Therefore, the vacuum should be as good as picking up pet hair from the carpet as dirt from a hard floor. Users can add as many attachments as the product allows to deal with specific problems as they arise.
Then there are the dedicated vacuums for pet hair where there are high-end components build into the device. This means a reliable performance on pet hair whenever users turn the machine on. Key features to look out for here include tough, long bristled brushes, powerful suction, filtration for allergens and tangle-free mechanism. These machines should make the process of cleaning up after dogs much easier.
Finally, there are a few robotic vacuum cleaners that deal with pet hair. This isn't an area that most consumes would normally turn to. There is the assumption that robots are weaker and less capable, especially with tough jobs like pet hair. Yet, there are some models with the brushes, suction and dirt containers to handle the job.
10 models trying for the title of best vacuum for pet hair.
The following 10 pet vacuum cleaners are great examples of pet-focused machines in different categories. There are some bagless, upright models with special tools for pet hair. There are also sticks and specialist pet hair models with their own unique features. We have also included some robotic vacuum cleaners for an interesting comparison.
1. Dyson DC41 Animal Complete Upright Vacuum Cleaner.
The selling point with this model, as with many modern Dysons, is the ball tech for better turning. This fluid motion, and the strong suction from the Radial Root Cyclone technology, usually means a great performance. This model also has different tools for difficult places including a stiff brush and multi angle brush. All the debris collection in clear, spacious dirt canister.
The problem is that there are still some mixed reviews on the performance. It doesn't means everyone's expectations and they have some difficulty cleaning it out. This is annoying when we consider those great brushes and the promise of the tangle free turbine.
Lots of clever features like the self adjusting cleaner head for different floor types and brushes. Great movement and suction.
Not as effective as some would like and difficult to clean out.
2. Dyson DC39 Animal canister vacuum cleaner.
This second Dyson model has all the right features and sales pitches, such as the idea that it "turns on a dime" and uses radical root cyclone tech. In some cases, it is the little details that make this machine stand out over other models. The filtration system is impressive, as is the inclusion of the trigger on the handle for ease of use.
Again, much like with the Dyson above, there are often high expectations on performance that cannot be matched. Dyson still have that reputation as the most powerful cleaner for the best result. So, there are annoyed consumers when it doesn't meet their needs. Cleaning performances vary, with some criticising the effort on carpet.
Attention to detail in some important areas, with lots of user-friendly elements. Also has that great cyclone suction.
Not as strong a multi-surface cleaner as many expected.
3. Hoover T-Series WindTunnel UH70210 Upright Vacuum.
The pros of this Hoover model are pretty simple. There is a great design that speaks to those after that multi-purpose approach. Many love the choice of the air powered hand tool and the pet upholstery tool. This essentially turns this vacuum into a more multi-functional household tool than a specialist vacuum.
But, there are some concerns about the longevity of the machine with the plastic components. There are calls for greater reach on the nozzles, hose and power cord. The broad use of plastic does mean a light weight tho, at just 18 pounds. Also, the cord has a retraction mechanism in a pedal, so there are still positive points in the design.
Good suction, a nice see through dirt canister to see when it needs emptying and special tools to use for pet hair.
A little too much cheap plastic and the need for a little more reach.
4. Shark Rocket TruePet Ultra-Light Upright Corded Vacuum.
The immediate selling points here are the pet multi tool for pet hair and the length of the stick. This means that users can reach different places with ease and handle hair effectively. There is also the odd addition of the LED light for illuminating hidden hair, which is a nice touch. It has great maneuverability with the steering and is light at just 9lbs, so even lighter than the "flimsy" Hoover model above.
Unfortunately, this model brings some of the same problems as with all upright stick vacuums. This is a top heavy design, so it cant stand up by itself. There is also the issue of the position of the air vent and some mixed reviews on the performance.
Undoubtedly a lightweight, reliable models with some impressive pet hair tools. Something a little different to the other uprights.
The stick design has its limitations and some prefer the power and feel of more substantial pet hair machines.
5. BISSELL CleanView Complete Pet Upright Vacuum.
Let's continue with a series of Bissell models. This corded upright machine offers a great result with a good capacity. This comes from the brushes and tools, especially the Triple Action Brush Roll, pet hair corner tool and pet turbo eraser. There is also strong multilevel filtration in combination with the multi cyclonic suction.
The suction and clean here is great. The problem is that it feels a bit stiff, wide and heavy for some users. This means that it is not the most maneuverable model compared to some of the options above – such as the Dyson one with the ball, or the fluid stick.
A strong focus on the cleaning potential with a great combination of brushes, suction and filtration. Also a 27ft cord with automatic rewind.
Not as easy to move around the room as some other machines.
6. BISSELL PowerEdge Pet Hardwood Vacuum Cleaner.
The feature that stands out the most with this Bissell model is that v shape at the front. This is meant to corral all the dirt and hair into one suction path for a better result. The swiveling head adds to this cleaning potential so it shouldn't miss a single strand. Once finished, users can empty out the dirt canister with ease.
The manufacturers claim that the design means that it isn't necessary to add any attachments with this model. This means that this is a straight forward, but slightly niche model. This is great for dirt on hardwood floors, but not much else.
A clever design with the thin upright cleaner and the v-shaped head. A basic approach with a great result on hard floors.
No specialist brushes or pet hair tools to improve the performance further. Perhaps a little too specialist for some users.
This third and final model in this group of bissell pet hair vacuums is something a little different. This cute little mouse-shaped model is a powerful hand-held. It has two nozzles with rubber traction to really attract hair out of carpets and upholstery. It also has a long power cord, cyclonic suction and decent dirt canister for its size.
The problem here is that it can only do so much at once. This isn't the high-capacity, power upright that will clean the whole home. It can also get a little clogged up when handling heavy loads.
A nice little handheld model for stairs and upholstery thanks to the nozzles and suction. A good design for those problematic areas.
Some issues with heavy shedding dogs and not the most powerful or effective pet hair vacuum around.
8. Shark Cordless Pet Perfect II Hand Vacuum.
Continuing with these neat little hand-held models we have another design from Shark. This is immediately more appealing in regard to the design and the specification. It has a streamlined, ergonomic shape and lots of features. The device users twister cyclonic suction and a TruePet motorised brush for a strong performance. It also charges on a wall-mounted dock for greater ease of use.
The biggest issue here is that this model has a short battery life before it need to go back in that charging dock. Some also say that the power of the battery degrades with time. There is potential here, but it is not perfect.
A nice design with enough power to handle hair and dirt with ease. Pretty easy to use with some nice design features.
A few too many issue with the battery.
9. Eureka Mighty Mite Pet Lover Vacuum Cleaner.
The main selling point with his Eureka machine has to be that idea of a truly pet focused clean. There is the suction and the tools for collecting up the hair, such as the telescoping wand and crevice tool. Yet, there is also a focus on the filtration and odor. This model has an "odor-eliminating" bag with filtration for dander.
The biggest problem here for users is that it only really works on hard floors. It is a great little tool for hardfloor apartments and handling those crevices, but doesn't have the right power or brushes for carpets.
Not so good on hardfloors and not as feature packed as other machines.
10. Eufy RoboVac 11 Robotic Vacuum Cleaner.
Robotic vacuum cleaners are great for dealing with all the hair that gets under the furniture, and this model can do so brilliantly with the low profile. There is also the combination of the side brushes and rolling brush for the best clean.
Yet, robots can only clean so much in one go. The lithium ion battery lasts for 1.5 hours before it has to recharge. This is also not the smartest of robot cleaners. Many turn to this as the cheaper alternative to the roomba. This lower cost shows in some of the smart features. In has an infrared-sensor for evading obstacles, as well as drop-sensing tech, but both can be temperamental.
Some issues with the software and dirt capacity.
Choosing the best vacuum for pet hair for your needs.
The choice on which model to choose depends as much on the home and pet as the pet hair tools. As you can see from these machines, those pet hair brushes and powerful cyclones are just the start. The robotic models don't have any of that, but still offer a great performance and fit a niche. Home owners with small living rooms and minimally-shedding dogs may appreciate the efficiency of the robot more than a heavy-duty upright. Those with heavy-shedding dogs and lots of upholstery may gravitate towards the multi-purpose vacuums with different tools. The final choice has to reflect the needs of the home.
Once you have a good idea of which style of pet vacuum is best for you, you can start to compare models. Take the time to look at the different specifications, photos and reviews. The basic spec gives a good idea of the power and tools available, but this isn't always enough. Look at the pictures to get a sense of the capacity, size and position of the features. Read the reviews for an idea of the true performance, any quirks and the longevity of the product. This careful research will lead to the best pet hair vacuum for your home.


Manado is a majority-Protestant city within the world's largest predominantly Muslim country. It was named the most tolerant city in Indonesia in 2017 by Setara Institute for Democracy and Peace. Its religiously and ethnically diverse residents take pride in the city's reputation for inter-religious harmony. However, Manado is not immune to the current national climate in which tensions along religious lines are heightened. Against this background, how do youth learn about religious difference in schools? How does it play out in practice in their social lives?
Although Christian and Muslim youth in Manado generally agree that religious tolerance is important, the question of how to embrace diversity and coexist peacefully remains messy.
In response to past communal conflicts and the rising influence of Muslim hardliners in more recent years, educators have worked to introduce conversations about diversity and national unity through various avenues, including civic education. A renewed emphasis on the national ideology of Pancasila is one strategy. However, Pancasila's ability to serve as a contemporary basis for respecting diversity is complicated by its oppressive interpretation during the authoritarian Suharto era (1966-1998). School textbooks from the latest curriculum reforms in 2013 propose new interpretations of diversity that allow the mention of identities previously considered taboo during the Suharto era. For example, in civic education courses at a public high school in Manado, students read from a government-approved textbook about respecting others as citizens, valuing difference and avoiding discrimination based on ethnicity, religion, race and gender.
The 2013 curriculum also demands that teachers observe and assess students on their ability to form friendships across ethnicity, religion and social class. This is one of many core competencies in spiritual and social values that students have to demonstrate and all teachers must evaluate. But there are dozens of these competencies, leaving teachers overwhelmed by their grading responsibility and unable to pay specific attention to how students meet each requirement.
Civic and religious education teachers are proud of Manado's reputation for religious harmony, and many can cite structural realities that support coexistence in the city, such as the BKSAUA (Committee for Inter-religious Cooperation). Yet, these local insights are often sidelined in the classroom for a focus on the textbook material. Examples cited by students and teachers tend to remain abstract, with minimal guidance on implementing these values in daily life.
During the lesson on respecting others as citizens, Ibu Pricilia, a teacher at a diverse public high school, asked students to brainstorm in groups about examples of behavior that show religious tolerance. From the first group, Brian stated that it is important to avoid insulting other religions. Another student, Evan, shouted out, 'Don't compare religious teachings!' Grace spoke up for her group, 'We have to keep harmonious inter-religious relations'. Ibu Pricilia nodded as she summarised that 'religion is sensitive'. She explained that she is Protestant because she considers it the best religion for her, but those who are Muslim consider that the best religion for them. Throughout the lesson, the class moved mechanically from one topic to the next, giving additional examples of behavior that does not discriminate based on race or ethnicity.
In a civic education class at a madrasah, students also had difficulty identifying concrete ways to respect diversity and national unity as citizens. The teacher ultimately praised Rifqi, who offered an abstract response: that in order to respect diversity, national unity must be emphasized. The struggle to verbalise concrete approaches to difference belies a broader assumption among both teachers and students that how to handle difference should be self-evident for anyone that respects diversity and national unity. In reality, it was not always so self-evident.
Many high school students, both Christian and Muslim, assert that being friends with someone of a different religion is simply ordinary, just like being friends with anyone else. Hesty, a student at the madrasah said of her Christian friends, 'Their behavior is the same as my friends who share my religion. They're good, and they don't differentiate between their friends who share their religion and those who don't'. Another proclaimed, 'we are all the same in God's eyes' and that God created human diversity'.
It was the same at a private Catholic school near Manado. Sitting in the school's dining hall, Angela, a Protestant student, denied the existence of cliques at the school, stating bluntly, 'we can't be racist'. Maria, a Catholic student at the same school, explained in English, 'Hanging out with a friend is the same whether they have the same beliefs as me or not … because I think all that matters is that he or she is a good friend and we get along well'.
With a religiously and ethnically diverse student body, including a large cohort of Christian Papuan youth, both students and teachers are proud of their multicultural campus and particularly sensitive to religious differentiation. Students from different religious backgrounds openly socialize at the school and religious education teachers often select lessons on avoiding discrimination or engaging in inter-religious dialogue. But bridging ethnic difference proves more challenging: students struggle to share dorms with and socialize with the Papuan students.
In fact, even the seemingly self-evident practice of religious tolerance can get messy sometimes.
For Muslim youth, dilemmas about how to manage inter-religious friendship and simultaneously meet religious requirements often center on food. Eka has been best friends with her Christian neighbor since they were little and goes to her house daily. However, Eka is still concerned about eating there, and always goes home for dinner before returning to her friend's house to continue hanging out. Others struggled with this reality, unsure about how to refuse food at their friends' houses or parties in a polite way without offending them.
In Manado, both Christians and Muslims typically celebrate birthdays with buffet-style feasts and religious worship. Ayu, a Muslim teenager at the public school, said that she attends the parties of her Christian peers and 'respects' but does not participate in the worship. Others mentioned arriving late on purpose to avoid the worship portion. Meanwhile, Muhammad avoids birthday parties altogether because of the presence of pork and other meats, even though Christians typically provide a separate table of food for Muslim guests. One Muslim student spoke about her Christian friends offering halal food at parties as a moving demonstration of tolerance.
Beyond this, even though inter-religious friendship is a daily reality for many youth in Manado, the potential for religious conversion looms over their interactions with peers. With religious belonging taking on increased significance in the public sphere, it is not surprising that youth also feel the need for boundaries in inter-religious friendships.
For others, hanging out with someone of a different religion opens the door to questions about not just conversion but dating and even marrying across religious lines. Cita, a Muslim teenager, admitted to having a long-distance Christian boyfriend. Her peers at the madrasah teased her about it, adamant that their relationship was inappropriate. Cita still asserted, 'I believe that if we are soul mates, we will surely be united despite having different religions'.
In Rani's Protestant religious education class at the public school, her teacher had told the class to choose friends who bring them 'closer to Christ' and help them become deeper in their own faith. At the public school, Christian youth encounter teachings about both the importance of respecting difference and about being surrounded by their own religious community being a positive influence.
In Manado, inter-religious friendship is encouraged as a sign of tolerance. Locals also point to historical Christian-Muslim intermarriage in the region as the foundation for religious harmony. Nur, a student at the madrasah, says she has learned from her Christian relatives in her religiously-mixed family that 'religious difference is not an obstacle'. She claims that her experience has led her to believe in the importance of having many different perspectives. However, youth still struggle to navigate inter-religious relationships. Some actively try to minimize difference. Others feel it necessary to point out difference so as to manage it, learn from one another, and also assuage ever-present fears of religious conversion. In the civic education curriculum, vague calls to 'respect and value difference' still assume that difference – especially religious difference – must be preserved.
Many youth in Manado say that they do not claim their religion has a monopoly on truth. As citizens of a religiously pluralistic society, this is a gesture of respect to others. Inside, however, many believe that they are following the singular path to salvation. Though their textbooks extol the virtues of inter-religious friendship and students believe them to be an ordinary fact of life, youth in Manado have many different ways of living out these friendships in real life.
Erica M Larson (emlarson@bu.edu) is a PhD candidate in Anthropology at Boston University.


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Stanley George Stephens (2 de septiembre 1911 — 7 de noviembre 1986) fue un taxónomo, botánico, agrónomo, genetista inglés, que trabajó y falleció en EE. UU.

Fue especialista en la taxonomía de la familia Malvaceae con énfasis en el género Gossypium.

Biografía
Se educó en el St John's College, Cambridge. Uno de los eventos en la vida de Stephens fue asumir como genetista, en 1938, en la Cía algodonera británica: la Empire Cotton Growing Corporation, en la Estación de Investigación de Algodón establecida en Trinidad en 1926.

En 1949, se unió a la Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Estatal de Carolina del Norte, donde desarrolló de una carrera de 25 años, primero como profesor de agronomía, y a continuación, como titular de Genética, entre 1951 a 1957, y se retiró en 1974, 12 años antes de su muerte.

Algunas publicaciones
 1974. Geographic and taxonomic distributions of anthocyanin genes in New World cottons. J. Genet. 61:128-141.

 1974. The use of two polymorphic systems, nectary fringe hairs and corky alleles, as indicators of phylogenetic relationships in New World cottons. Biotropica 6:194-201.

 1973. con M. E. Moseley. Cotton remains from archaeological sites in central coastal Peru. Science 180:186-188.

 1972. con L.Ll.Phillips. The history and geographical distribution of a polymorphic system in New World cottons. Biotropica 4:49-60.

 1958. Factors Affecting Seed Dispersal in Gossypium and Their Possible Evolutionary Significance. Ed. North Carolina Agric. Exp. Sta. 32 p.

Honores
 1970: recibió el Premio Max O. Gardner, un honor establecida por el fallecido gobernador Gardner.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Guide to the Stanley George Stephens Papers 1941-1984

Botánicos de Inglaterra
Taxónomos de Inglaterra
Agrónomos del Reino Unido
Genetistas de Estados Unidos
Alumnado del St John's College (Cambridge)
Profesores de la Universidad de Carolina del Norte en Chapel Hill
Beca Guggenheim
Plantas descritas por S.G.Stephens

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Vijay Shankar focusing hard on his preparation for World Cup
Dubai [UAE], May 25 (ANI): Ahead of ICC Men's Cricket World Cup warm-up match between India and New Zealand, to be played at Kennington Oval in London on Saturday, India all-rounder Vijay Shankar is all focussed on his preparation for the World Cup.
"This year has been pretty good, I had a good 'A' series in New Zealand recently which got me the Indian team call-up and it changed after that. I'm not someone who expects things to happen, I focus hard on my preparation," ICC quoted Vijay Shankar as saying.
Shankar, who is gearing up to make his maiden World Cup appearance, said he is excited about the premier tournament and expressed his desire to perform well in front the supports that will be flying to England to support India.
"I will keep working hard on all aspects of my game, whenever the opportunity comes I will always try my best for the team. The last few years, from traveling, you see a lot of supporters all over the world, and they're definitely going to be there (in England), 50/50 sometimes. It's going to be really nice to experience that and I'm looking forward to that experience. Even if it is just one match that I win for the team, I'll be very happy about that," he said.
Moreover, Shankar described representing his country as the 'best thing' and said that they will deliver based on what they have practiced and worked hard for.
"The pressure is going to be there every game, but if we starting thinking about the bigger stage and how it is a World Cup it can affect your own instincts. Whatever we have practised and worked hard for, it is important to go in and react to whatever happens. You just have to be prepared for whenever you get the opportunity. You have to enjoy it, because it is the best thing to represent your country," he said.
India will face New Zealand and Bangladesh on May 25 and 28 respectively for their World Cup warm-up matches before heading to the premier tournament where they will face South Africa on June 5. (ANI)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


A rare Japanese copy of this classic Beatles Album. Has hard card gatefold cover showing images of the Beatles. The inner sleeve is in Japanese with lyrics to songs in both Japanese and English. The sleeve is in excellent condition for its age, the vinyl plays great with no major scratches or jumps but does have some visible surface scratches as does most vinyl of this age.
We sell vintage vinyl. We play all of our Vinyl in-store to check it and then it is priced accordingly. We do not sell vinyl that jumps or has major defects. Most vintage vinyl will have some sign of surface scratches and may have a slight crackling sound when played which many people feel adds to the authenticity of the record.


Blue Marble Asset Management (Blue Marble) has acquired three Grade A headquarters office buildings on the edge of what is widely recognised as Lichfield's best office park, and is strategically positioned to fully benefit from the M6 Toll and the easy access afforded to the central motorway network.
Acting on behalf of an in-house private client, Edward Jones, Investment Director at Birmingham-based real estate asset management company Blue Marble, acquired the freeholds of three office buildings (providing 42,943 sq ft of Grade A office accommodation) with 215 car parking spaces on a total site area of 3.5 acres, at Lichfield South, Lichfield, just off Junction 5 of the M6 Toll.
The property was being marketed for £10.8 million, representing a net initial yield of 7%. Savills represented the vendor.
Developed in 2007, Lichfield South is a high quality Grade A office campus environment which benefits from significant on site amenities including a David Lloyd Health & Racquets Club, a Holiday Inn Express Hotel and three restaurants. It has 'Strategic Site' status awarded by the inward investment arm of the Staffordshire LEP which promotes and supports it.
The properties enjoy a highly prominent position fronting the Wall Island roundabout at the junction of the A5, the A38 feeder road and M6 Toll, Lichfield South sits on the corner between the A5, A5127 Birmingham Road and Watling Street.


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Swedish offices implant employees with microchips: 'We call it augmented humanity'
Technology_Internet
Jacob Miller scans a cat for a microchip at the East Valley Animal Shelter in the Van Nuys section of Los Angeles in this July 20, 2011, file photo. (AP Photo/Richard Vogel, File) more >
By Cheryl K. Chumley - The Washington Times - Friday, February 6, 2015
The Epicenter complex in Stockholm, Sweden, has started inserting microchips beneath the skins of consenting employees, who then use the technology to simply wave open the locks on doors or access office copier and printing machines.
"We call it augmented humanity," Faith Popcorn, the author of "Dictionary of the Future," told the New York Daily News. "We foresee a future in which everyone will have an implanted chip that will benefit our personal lives as well."
The chip — similar to the type used in pets — is designed by Biohacking Group, the New York Daily News reported. It's a small device about the size of a grain of rice and emits radio waves.
A professional tattoo artist actually inserts the chips, the New York Daily News reported. And supporters of the technology say it's only a matter of time before more businesses, in more countries, start using microchips for people to access public transportation, pay for groceries — even track their exercise and fitness progress.
Still, the technology isn't fool proof. "Today" show reporter Keir Simmons tried out the chip to unlock a door, but it didn't work. That's just one problem that plagues the technology — privacy advocates say the chip is a nightmare for individual rights, while researchers suggest that over-reliance on computers could prove the country's downfall.
"We've already gotten too overwhelmed with technology and if it's now a part of you, that's going to make you more obsessed with it," said Larry Rosen, a technology expert at California State University Dominguez Hills, the New York Daily News reported.
• Cheryl K. Chumley can be reached at cchumley@washingtontimes.com.


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Wardha district
Hinganghat taluka
Pimpalgaon Population, Caste, Working Data Wardha, Maharashtra - Census 2011
Pimpalgaon is a village situated in Hinganghat taluka of Wardha district in Maharashtra. As per the Population Census 2011, there are total 63 families residing in the village Pimpalgaon. The total population of Pimpalgaon is 257 out of which 125 are males and 132 are females thus the Average Sex Ratio of Pimpalgaon is 1,056.
The population of Children of age 0-6 years in Pimpalgaon village is 31 which is 12% of the total population. There are 12 male children and 19 female children between the age 0-6 years. Thus as per the Census 2011 the Child Sex Ratio of Pimpalgaon is 1,583 which is greater than Average Sex Ratio (1,056) of Pimpalgaon village.
As per the Census 2011, the literacy rate of Pimpalgaon is 82.3%. Thus Pimpalgaon village has higher literacy rate compared to 78.4% of Wardha district. The male literacy rate is 88.5% and the female literacy rate is 76.11% in Pimpalgaon village.
As per constitution of India and Panchyati Raaj Act (Amendment 1998), Pimpalgaon village is administrated by Sarpanch (Head of Village) who is elected representative of the village.
Pimpalgaon Data as per Census 2011
As per the Population Census 2011 data, following are some quick facts about Pimpalgaon village.
Literacy 82.3% 88.5% 76.11%
Scheduled Caste 52 28 24
Illiterate 71 25 46
Schedule Caste (SC) constitutes 20.2% while Schedule Tribe (ST) were 6.2% of total population in Pimpalgaon village.
In Pimpalgaon village out of total population, 139 were engaged in work activities. 98.6% of workers describe their work as Main Work (Employment or Earning more than 6 Months) while 1.4% were involved in Marginal activity providing livelihood for less than 6 months. Of 139 workers engaged in Main Work, 62 were cultivators (owner or co-owner) while 66 were Agricultural labourer.
Cultivators 62 42 20
Agriculture Labourer 66 36 30
Other Workers 9 7 2
Marginal Workers 2 0 2
Non Working 118 40 78
Map of Pimpalgaon, Wardha, Maharashtra
Nearby Villages to Pimpalgaon, Hinganghat
Below are the list of villages near Pimpalgaon village in Hinganghat.
Allipur 8,075
Inzala 1,085
Kapsi 962
Sirud 1,361
Yerandwadi 516
Mozari 953
Pawani 1,211
Sonegaon 367
Bhagawa 115
Kosurla 402
Pimpalgaon, Wardha, Maharashtra - Wikipedia


Spring means it's time for a refreshed outlook on life and that doesn't end when it comes to your beauty routine. Since you'll be showing more skin and being more social, it's a good idea to refresh your beauty supplies so you are pampering yourself on a daily basis. Here are 5 of my must have products this Spring!
Somaluxe Brightening + Collagen Peptide Serum || This is a super impressive product when it comes to collagen in my beauty routine. The collagen peptides in this brightening serum help lighten dark spots and even skin tone. It's packed with vitamins, amino acids, and natural antioxidants that work to repair, brighten, and resurface skin. At 31 years old, my skin has been through a lot and it's starting to show! After several weeks of using this I noticed that my complexion seemed to glow and my skin tone looked really even. It even made I look lifted and more alive. It was easy to add to my current beauty routine since I just applied this serum to my face after washing and before moisturizing.
Somaluxe Rapid Facial Line Filler || This product is ideal around my eyes where I have fine lines and wrinkles starting to appear. It uses hyaluronic acid to fill spheres and improve my skin's natural volume. My wrinkles and fine lines actually have filled in and I see a big difference in the folds of my eyes which is where I was concerned. I know everyone seems to want to get some type of surgery to take care of wrinkles but honestly, this is the ideal non-surgical alternative to fillers and pricy restylane treatments.
The really cool thing about both of the above products is that Somaluxe makes their products and ingredients 100% in the USA utilizing small batch production. Their facility is in Oregon and it's actually powered using 80% wind energy and 15% solar power energy. Seriously, they go out of their way to sustainably make these products and not destroy the land or work with suppliers that destroy the land. Another great reason to add these 2 products to YOUR beauty routine.
TokyoMilk Perfume || I recently discovered TokyoMilk products thanks to a subscription box and now I'm hooked. Their scents are amazing. I loved their hand lotions so much that I wanted to get perfumes to match the scents. Their scents are light and airy and are a great size to keep in your handbag so you can reapply throughout the day. Don't get me wrong - I love designer perfume but sometimes I get caught in a drooling dream world of using different scents are brands.
Farmacy Honey Drop Moisturizer || What a fun product. First of all, I'm obsessed because it comes in this beautiful jar with a little metal scoop that sticks to the top of the jar when you're not using it thanks to a magnet. It's SO LIGHTWEIGHT and I struggle to find moisturizers that don't clog my pores. I actually wear this under my makeup and it makes my makeup last longer throughout the day and it doesn't make my skin look greasy. I haven't had breakouts in so long now since I've been using this moisturizer so I know it's keeping my skin nice and hydrated.
MoroccanOil Glimmer Shine Finish || I am obsessed with that silky sleek look of my hair after I get it done at the salon so I am stoked that I finally found a product that gives me that look EVERY time I use it! Not only that but the smell is AMAZING!!!! It only takes a few spritzes of this spray to get a nice silky sleek gloss to your hair after styling. Sometimes I reapply it throughout the day and especially on days when I haven't washed my hair because it actually gets rid of that mousey look!
Which of these products are you most excited to add to your routine?
It's been amazing so far!
love hearing about your 5 must have products for spring.
These all sound like really nice products!


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Home The Blog WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW WHEN DRAFTING A LIMITATION OF LIABILITY CLAUSE
WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW WHEN DRAFTING A LIMITATION OF LIABILITY CLAUSE
marketude December 13, 2021 Arbitration and ADR, Corporate and Commercial, Gennaro Paone, Litigation, Publications
In an international Arbitration, it may happen that a party has to face claims or counterclaims for amounts even higher than the entire value of the contract from which the dispute originates. Indeed, in complex projects where various stakeholders are involved, a contractual breach from one party may have a "cascade" effect, exposing the other party to costs, damages and penalties that the latter may attempt to recover in arbitration. This scenario may have potentially disruptive impacts for a company. One of the most common ways to minimize such a risk in commercial contracts is to include clauses that exclude or restrict the liability of the parties in the event of breach. Those clauses are commonly referred to as "exclusion" or "limitation of liability" clauses. Put this way, this may sound far too simple. It shall be considered, however, that almost all national legal systems set limits to the possibility to exclude or reduce the liability for contractual breaches. Those limits are established by provisions that, in most of the cases, are mandatory in nature, and as such cannot be circumvented by the parties. It derives that, when drafting exclusion or limitation or liability clauses, the parties shall act carefully to avoid the risk that their clause turns out to be, in whole or in part, invalid, inapplicable and/or not enforceable. This article illustrates the types of exclusion/limitation of liability clauses that may be included in a contract and provides an example of such a clause in the field of construction. Furthermore, it provides a brief overview of the limits established by some national legislations, and gives some tips on what to pay attention to in the process of drafting and negotiating those clauses.
Types of exclusion / limitation of liability clauses
The clauses falling within the definition of exclusion / limitation of liability clauses may have various forms and pursue different interests. As a way of example, the parties may:
Exclude liability for certain events, qualified in advance as cases of "force majeure";
Exclude liability in cases of "slight" negligence;
Exclude liability for certain categories of losses (e.g. indirect or consequential losses, loss of profit);
Limit liability to a certain amount, providing a "cap" to the amounts that may be due in case of breach, commonly expressed as a percentage of the overall contractual price.
The clauses described above can be adopted together: for instance, the parties may agree to exclude liability for specific events or categories, and, in addition, to provide a "cap" to the amount potentially due. The choice for a certain category of exclusion/limitation of liability clause heavily depends on the goals to be achieved, and the risks to be overcome. The vaguer is the wording used in the clause, the higher is the risk that disputes may arise as to the extent and the applicability of the clause, and this should be an incentive to be as clear and as detailed as possible in determining the scope of application of the clause. Generally, it is preferable to adopt a more realistic approach rather than to try to excessively extend the scope of the clause, bearing in mind that it is impossible to have a clause covering every potential clause of liability that may arise within a contractual relationship. Focusing on the clauses that put a "cap" on the amounts recoverable, irrespectively of how specific the parties are in their drafting, they should be aware that not each and every amount that can be claimed in an arbitration may fall within the scope of application of the clause. For instance, in a recent judgement the England and Wales High Court of Justice ruled that a clause limiting the aggregate liability of the contractor could not automatically limit also the amounts due to the employer as costs for completing the works after the termination. In this specific case, the court argued that the clause applied only to liabilities incurred as a result of breaches of contractual or tortious obligations, while the termination can originate also from other causes[1]. More generally, there are often categories of losses and expenses not directly linked to a contractual breach, which are arguably encompassed within the "cap" that the parties may have agreed.
Example: the "limitation of liability" clause provided under the FIDIC Red Book
Limitation of liability clauses are widely used in the field of construction. A great contribution to the spread of those clauses in the construction contracts was given by the International Federation of Consulting Engineers ("FIDIC")[2], which included "limitation of liability" clauses since 1999 in three of its model contracts, and in particular in the FIDIC Red Book (for building and engineering works designed by the Employer)[3]. The practice to agree on a limitation of liability clause in construction contracts, in most cases, derives from the need to overcome a practical problem, i.e. that the employers and contractors in the construction industry, otherwise, would not be in the position to fully insure their liabilities under the contract[4]. This, however, is not the only purpose of those clauses. Limiting the potential liability of a party towards the other (and, most of all, fixing a cap to the amounts potentially due) is also meant to encourage the amicable settlement of possible disputes, since both parties know in advance that there is a limit to the amounts that they may expect to recover in litigation or arbitration[5]. The limitation of liability clause included in the 2017 edition of the FIDIC Red Book reads as follows[6]: "Neither Party shall be liable to the other Party for loss of use of any Works, loss of profit, loss of any contract or for any indirect or consequential loss or damage which may be suffered by the other Party in connection with the Contract, other than under: (a) Sub-Clause 8.8 [Delay Damages]; (b) sub-paragraph (c) of Sub-Clause 13.3.1 [Variation by Instruction]; (c) Sub-Clause 15.7 [Payment after Termination for Employer's Convenience]; (d) Sub-Clause 16.4 [Payment after Termination by Contractor]; (e) Sub-Clause 17.3 [Intellectual and Industrial Property Rights]; (f) the first paragraph of Sub-Clause 17.4 [Indemnities by Contractor]; and (g) Sub-Clause 17.5 [Indemnities by Employer]. The total liability of the Contractor to the Employer under or in connection with the Contract, other than: (i) Under Sub-Clause 2.6 [Employer-Supplied Materials and Employer's Equipment]; (ii) Under Sub-Clause 4.19 [Temporary Utilities]; (iii) Under Sub-Clause 17.3 [Intellectual and Industrial Property Rights]; and (iv) Under the first paragraph of Sub-Clause 17.4 [Indemnities by Contractor], shall not exceed the sum stated in the Contract Data or (if a sum is not so stated) the Accepted Contract Amount. This Sub-Clause shall not limit liability in any case of fraud, gross negligence, deliberate default or reckless misconduct by the defaulting Party." As it can be noticed, this is an example of a "complex" clause, which excludes the possibility to claim certain categories of losses, and at the same time limits the total liability of the contractor to a certain amount. In addition, it is the same clause that excludes its applicability for losses and damages incurred in connection with certain contractual provisions, such as those on intellectual property rights. The FIDIC model clause results from an analysis of the most frequent causes of construction disputes concerning clauses of that kind[7]. In spite of the above, it is acknowledged by scholars that such clause is not "bullet proof" in every jurisdiction, as that its limitations may well be affected by the chosen applicable law, since the various national legal systems may have different limits, or impose higher or lower liability caps in specific circumstances[8].
Statutory limits to party autonomy and tips for drafting a valid and enforceable exclusion / limitation of liability clause
The contractual exclusions or limitations of liability are a highly sensitive issue in almost every legal system. There are cases when the safeguard of the principle of party autonomy may conflict with public policy considerations – specifically, the need to protect the weaker party in the transaction and to avoid the risk that the parties to a contract may feel exempted from any duty of care in the performance of their obligations[9]. This is the reason why the legislator, or in some cases the national case-law, feels compelled to "step in" and establish thresholds to the parties' freedom. Each legal system has its own solutions for setting limits to the parties' autonomy on this matter. Focusing on Italian law, the Civil Code provides that any agreement which excludes or prevents in advance the debtor's liability in case of fraud or gross negligence is null and void. The same sanction is provided in case of any limitation of the debtor's liability for acts in breach of public policy duties[10]. It is widely accepted under Italian doctrine and case law that, in case of fraud or gross negligence, the nullity encompasses only the exclusion / limitation of liability clause, and not the entire contract. In addition, the nullity of the clause is "relative", meaning that the clause continues to apply to all the other liabilities included within its scope and not deriving from fraud or gross negligence[11]. As to the reference to the "public policy duties", the prevailing view is that the provision is aimed at avoiding exclusions / limitations or liability in all cases when the parties' obligations are relevant not only in the context of the specific transaction, but serve also general public interests. Consistently, case law has ruled that exclusions and limitations of liability are generally not admissible in contracts concerning medical treatments, or for passenger transport, or in cases when the party's breach is relevant also as a violation of criminal or administrative law provisions[12]. The solution adopted by the Italian legislator is not unique: there are various other legal systems that do not allow exclusions or limitations or liability when fraud or gross negligence comes into play. For instance, similar provisions can be found in the Spanish Civil Code and in the Swiss code of obligations[13]. As an example of how the issue is deal with in common law jurisdiction, reference can be made to English law. In such jurisdiction, the general principle expressed in the leading case "Photo Production v Securicor Transport" is that "… Parties are free to agree to whatever exclusion or modification of all types of obligations as they please within the limits that the agreement must retain the legal characteristics of a contract …"[14]. The freedom of the parties is, however, limited by statutory provisions. In particular, limits on the extent to which civil liability for breach of contract can be avoided are imposed by the "Unfair Contract Terms Act" of 1977, which applies to consumer contracts and those based on standard terms[15]. According to such act, a person cannot exclude or restrict his liability for death or personal injury resulting from negligence, and, in case of other loss or damage, liability for negligence cannot be excluded except in so far as the term or notice satisfies the requirement of "reasonableness"[16]. This is just an overview of the general rules concerning the statutory limits to exclusion / limitation of liability clauses, but it shall be borne in mind that typically the various legal systems have different statutory provisions for specific types of contracts, such as sales contracts or contracts for the carriage of goods. Moreover, in most legal systems, different (and typically stricter) limits are provided within contractual relationships where it is possible to identify in advance a "weak" party, e.g. standard forms of contracts and consumer contracts. In sum, the picture is extremely varied. For companies that negotiate with counterparties located in various legal systems it is utopian to have a "fit-for-all" clause that can be used for each and every contract. Furthermore, considering the variety of (often mandatory) national legal provisions, this is a matter for which relying on model clauses may work, but only up to a certain point. In order to ensure that the exclusion / limitation of liability clause to be included in a contract is valid and enforceable, it is necessary to:
First, carry out an assessment of the law governing the contract, to determine whether the clause is valid under such legal system, and then
Check the presence of any mandatory rules in the jurisdictions where the clause may be enforced that may conflict with the agreed exclusions or limitations.
In case a dispute arises, a wrongly-drafted exclusion / limitation of liability clause would end up giving rise to discussions between the parties as to its applicability and validity, thus frustrating the very purpose of the clause and bringing the parties exactly in the situation they wanted to avoid.
In sum, the support of the counsels since the drafting phase is crucial to make sure that the choice is made in favour of the most appropriate exclusion / limitation of liability clause, and, most of all, to avoid the risk that, at a later stage, such a clause may turn out to be a ground for disputes rather than a tool for preventing them.
[1] SABIC UK Petrochemicals Ltd v Punj Lloyd Ltd et al., [2013] EWHC 2916 (QB), §§ 521-530.
[2] For more information about FIDIC, see https://fidic.org/about-us
[3] For further details on the FIDIC Red Book and the other contracts comprising the FIDIC Suite of contracts, see https://fidic.org/sites/default/files/FIDIC_Suite_of_Contracts_0.pdf
[4] N. G. Bunni, the FIDIC Forms of Contract, Third Edition, 2005, Blackwell Publishing, p. 532.
[5] J. Glover, S. Hughes, Understanding the New FIDIC Red Book: a clause-by-clause commentary, 2006, Sweet & Maxwell, p. 347.
[6] FIDIC Conditions of Contract for Construction for Building and Engineering Works Designed by the Employer, 2nd Edition, 2017, Clause 1.15 ("Limitation of Liability").
[7] For instance, it is no coincidence that the clause expressly excludes liability for "loss of profit" and for "any indirect or consequential loss or damage which may be suffered by the other Party in connection with the Contract". This is because there have been various disputes on whether loss of profit can be said to be included within the category of "indirect or consequential" losses (J. Glover, S. Hughes, Understanding the New FIDIC Red Book: a clause-by-clause commentary, pp. 346-347).
[8] J. Glover, S. Hughes, Understanding the New FIDIC Red Book: a clause-by-clause commentary, p. 348.
[9] M. Torsello, A. Frignani, Il Contratto Internazionale, 2010, CEDAM, p. 402.
[10] Italian Civil Code, Article 1229.
[11] P. Cendon, Responsabilità Civile, Volume I, 2020, p. 440.
[12] V. Cuffaro, Delle Obbligazioni, in E. Gabrielli, Commentario del Codice Civile, 2013, p. 357.
[13] M. Torsello, A. Frignani, Il Contratto Internazionale, p. 403.
[14] Photo Production Ltd v. Securicor Transport Ltd [1980] UKHL
[15] S. Furst QC, The Hon. Sir V. Ramsey, Keating on Construction Contracts, 8th Edition, 2006, Sweet & Maxwell, p. 92.
[16] S. Furst QC, The Hon. Sir V. Ramsey, Keating on Construction Contracts, p. 95.
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##In computer science, Functional Programming ("FP") is a programming paradigm—a style of building the structure and elements of computer programs—that treats computation as the evaluation of mathematical functions and avoids changing-state and mutable data.
As of today, lodash is the most dependended-upon package on npm while underscore is the third most dependended-upon.
Underscore comes with a chain method. It allows us to use _.chain() to wrap a collection and then call other underscore functions on it before finally calling _.value() to unwrap the final result.
If _.chain seems well known and commonly used, fewer may be aware of an underscore hidden gem: compose. Compose is as close as we can get to function composition within underscore, by allowing us to returns the composition of a list of functions, where each function consumes the return value of the function that follows.
In math terms, composing the functions f(), g(), and h() produces f(g(h())).
Note: compose invokes the provided functions from right to left.
Lodash is born as a fork of underscore. Therefore, everything we just saw can also be achieved with lodash. For example, we may like compose but it may feel weird for its right to left math derived invocation. Lodash still permits that mathematical approach but also features a left-to-right version of the method simply called _.flow.
Lodash, representing underscore gen2 offer better performances thanks to advanced code optimizations. It can act as a drop-in replacement for underscore, and it won't be hard to replace the first with the latter.
with too many, exceding the function's arity (arguments.length>function.length) with the result that the arguments in excess normally get ignored.
A curried function is a function that may be invoked with fewer arguments than its original arity, returning a function ready to be invoked with the remaining ones.
If you love the taste of curry (and you should, it's damn tasty) then you'll probably need to know about Ramda.
Ramda is not a drop-in replacement for underscore or lodash, as it has a more focused goal. It's a library designed specifically for a functional programming style, one that makes it easy to create functional pipelines, one that never mutates user data.
The parameters to Ramda functions are arranged to make it convenient for currying as the data to be operated on is supplied last.
Ramda functions are automatically curried. Currying allows you to easily build up new functions from old ones simply by not supplying the final parameters. This coupled with the function first, data last API make ramda not just functional purer, but also purely awesome.
Let's then rebuild part of the underscore/lodash code we saw earlier with ramda instead.
Because every ramda function automatically curry, omitting to pass the collection argument to R.filter return us the curryed function so that we are ready to go.
// Spot something? Yes pipe return a function.


text:
Sport4Tomorrow
MLB Chronicles: What to watch for in the last ten days of the playoff race
Photo by Daniel Shirey/Getty Images
Sure, most of the divisions are sown up, but there's still chaos to be had.
As we approach the final week of the season, there isn't a whole lot to see with regards to the Giants, aside from the closing act of the Bruce Bochy farewell tour. The Giants are one game away from total elimination.
But that doesn't mean there isn't exciting and meaningful baseball to be watched as we get ready for the playoffs next month. Most of the division leaders have clinched, but there are a couple of close division races left to watch, as well as the Wild Card circus.
Obviously, the Dodgers and Braves have blown away their competition, but the National League Central is in play, and we could see as many as three NLC teams in the playoffs if the Nationals take a nose-dive, with the division winner maybe barely cracking 90 wins.
The contrast between the two leagues is stark in this regard. In the American League, there are two teams with 100+ wins, and four with 90+ (including all the Wild Card hopefuls). In the National League there are only two teams total with 90+ wins, the Dodgers and Braves. The Dodgers may still crack 100, but the Braves would have to win six of their last eight to do so. (They are playing the Giants for three of those, though, so anything could happen.)
The next closest are the Cardinals, who are still battling to stay on top of their division and facing some stiff competition to keep it that way. They will play two series against their division rivals, the Chicago Cubs, who are currently six games behind them for the division, but only one game back of a Wild Card spot.
Sitting ahead of them are the Milwaukee Brewers, who will try to defend that position by kicking around the Pirates, Reds and Rockies to close the season, and maybe even make a play at the division. They are currently sitting three games behind St. Louis with an easier closing schedule.
If St. Louis is able to hold their own against the Cubs, the Mets would have the opportunity to make a play for contention, as they face the Reds and Marlins the next two series.
Standing in the way of all of these teams, however, are the Washington Nationals, who currently sit on top of the National League Wild Card heap. They have no path to the division, but they do have an opportunity to widen the gap as they face the Marlins this weekend, and could do direct damage as they face FIVE games against their old friend Bryce Harper and the Phillies, including a double-header.
The Phillies aren't yet out of it themselves, sitting just behind the Mets, and they could do everyone a favor by knocking Washington around and shaking up the math.
The Nationals also have the chance to shake things up in the American League, as they face Cleveland to close the season. Cleveland is currently tied with Tampa Bay for the second Wild Card spot, just two games behind the Oakland A's.
As discussed, things are pretty well set in the American League overall. New York and Houston have run away from everyone else in baseball, except for maybe the Dodgers. But the Wild Card race is close and Cleveland isn't too far behind Minnesota for the division, though the Twins have a much lighter load to close the season (Kansas City twice with Detroit in between).
Oakland will face nothing but lower division rivals for the rest of the season to try to fend off at least one of either Cleveland or Tampa Bay. And Tampa Bay may have the roughest go of it, facing both the Red Sox and the Yankees before closing the season in Toronto.
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text:
Waldemar Woehl (* 31. August 1902; † 1976) war ein deutscher Herausgeber, Komponist und Musikpädagoge.

Leben

Waldemar Woehl wurde in Lipine (heute: Lipiny/Polen) geboren. Er war der älteste Sohn des Musiklehrers Paul Woehl. Die Familie verzog nach Myslowitz (heute: Myslovice/Polen), wo Paul Woehl eine Anstellung als Seminaroberlehrer am dortigen Lehrerseminar gefunden hatte. Waldemar Woehl besuchte das humanistische Gymnasium zu Myslowitz bis zum Abitur.

Studium von 1921 bis 1924 an der Akademie für Kirchen- und Schulmusik zu Berlin bei August Halm mit den Abschlüssen: Befähigung als Organist, Chorleiter und Musiklehrer an höheren Lehranstalten sowie Künstlerische Prüfung für das Lehramt an höheren Lehranstalten.

Seine berufliche Tätigkeit führte ihn zunächst als Chordirektor ans Theater der Stadt Münster. Diese Tätigkeit stellte ihn jedoch nicht zufrieden, sodass er 1926 wieder ausschied. Danach wirkte er bis 1933 als Lehrer für Musiktheorie und Musikerziehung an der Fachschule für Musik, Tanz und Sprache (später: Folkwang-Schule) zu Essen. In der Zeit von 1925 bis 1933 wirkte er außerhalb seiner schulischen Tätigkeit mit in vielen Arbeitskreisen und Aktivitäten in der Jugendmusikbewegung, u. a. mit Herrmann Erpf, Fritz Jöde und Rudolf Schulz-Dornburg.

Mit Beginn der Naziherrschaft wurde die "Folkwangschule für Gestaltung" umbenannt in Folkwang-Handwerkerschule umgewandelt. Viele Lehrkräfte wurden entlassen, unter ihnen auch Waldemar Woehl. Danach war er selbständig tätig als Privatmusiklehrer. In diese Zeit fällt auch die Zusammenarbeit mit Gleichgesinnten zur Weiterentwicklung der Ideen der Jugendmusikbewegung. Bis 1939 fanden auch Hauskonzerte statt zur Pflege und werkgetreuen Wiedergabe der während der Jugendmusikbewegung "neu" entdeckten Barockmusik unter Verwendung von Nachbauten historischer Originalinstrumente.

Von 1929 bis Anfang der fünfziger Jahre war er tätig als Herausgeber von Noten mit dem Schwerpunkt barocker Kammer- und Orchestermusik, darunter zahlreiche Ausgaben in der Reihe Hortus Musicus von Bärenreiter. Er veröffentlichte 1930 die erste deutsche Blockflötenschule.

1937 gelang es ihm, als Lehrer für Instrumentalkunde an der Hochschule für Lehrerbildung in Bonn zu wirken; diese Tätigkeit endete dann wegen Kriegsausbruch im September 1939. Nach kurzer Mitwirkung im Kärntner Musikschulwerk – Oberleitung (insbes. zuständig für Musiklehreraus- und -fortbildung) folgte bis 1945 Militärdienst und Kriegsgefangenschaft.

Die wirtschaftlich schwierige Zeit nach dem Krieg war gekennzeichnet durch vielfältige Aktivitäten, auf musikalischer Basis eine neue wirtschaftliche Existenz aufzubauen. In Soyen/Oberbayern gründete er ein Hausmusikheim zur originalgetreuen Pflege barocker Kammermusik, das jedoch über einige wenige Aktivitäten nicht hinauskam. 1957 folgte der Umzug nach Rheinland-Pfalz und Aufnahme einer geregelten Unterrichtstätigkeit als Musiklehrer an der Jugendmusikschule Frankfurt/Main.

Ab 1958 wirkte er in seiner neuen Heimatgemeinde Waldböckelheim als Organist in der evangelischen Kirchengemeinde Waldböckelheim, bis 1964 gleichzeitig Chorleiter des Kirchenchores. Seine zahlreichen Sätze zu Kirchenliedern folgen sehr streng der barocken Harmonielehre.

Seinen Dienst als Organist versah er – mit Unterbrechungen – bis zu seinem Tod. Er starb am 9. Dezember 1976 in Waldböckelheim.

Veröffentlichungen (u. a.)

 Kurze Spielanweisung für das Scheitholz
 Die Blockflöte
 Melodielehre
 Klavierbuch für den Anfang
 Musik für Blockflöten

Kompositionen
 Freut euch in dem Herrn. Introituspsalm (Carus)
 Solt ich meinem Gott nicht singen (Carus)

Weblinks

Blockflötist
Herausgeber (Musik)
Komponist klassischer Musik (20. Jahrhundert)
Deutscher
Geboren 1902
Gestorben 1976
Mann


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text:
Habronattus pochtecanus är en spindelart som beskrevs av Griswold 1987. Habronattus pochtecanus ingår i släktet Habronattus och familjen hoppspindlar. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Hoppspindlar
pochtecanus