text:
"use strict";

var assert = require("@sinonjs/referee").assert;
var forEach = require("@sinonjs/commons").prototypes.array.forEach;
var functionName = require("@sinonjs/commons").functionName;
var createSet = require("./create-set");
var engineCanCompareMaps = typeof Array.from === "function";
var samsam = require("./samsam");
var ARRAY_TYPES = require("./array-types");

describe("match", function () {
    it("returns true if matching regexp", function () {
        var checkMatch = samsam.match("Assertions", /[a-z]/);
        assert.isTrue(checkMatch);
    });

    it("returns true if generic object and test method returning true", function () {
        var checkMatch = samsam.match("Assertions", {
            test: function () {
                return true;
            },
        });
        assert.isTrue(checkMatch);
    });

    it("returns false if non matching regexp", function () {
        var checkMatch = samsam.match("Assertions 123", /^[a-z]$/);
        assert.isFalse(checkMatch);
    });

    it("returns true if matching booleans", function () {
        var checkMatch = samsam.match(true, true);
        assert.isTrue(checkMatch);
    });

    it("returns false if mismatching booleans", function () {
        var checkMatch = samsam.match(true, false);
        assert.isFalse(checkMatch);
    });

    it("returns false if generic object with test method returning false", function () {
        var checkMatch = samsam.match("Assertions", {
            test: function () {
                return false;
            },
        });
        assert.isFalse(checkMatch);
    });

    it("returns false if match object === null", function () {
        var checkMatch = samsam.match("Assertions 123", null);
        assert.isFalse(checkMatch);
    });

    it("returns false if match object === false", function () {
        var checkMatch = samsam.match("Assertions 123", false);
        assert.isFalse(checkMatch);
    });

    it("returns false if matching number against string", function () {
        var checkMatch = samsam.match("Assertions", 23);
        assert.isFalse(checkMatch);
    });

    it("returns false if matching number against similar string", function () {
        var checkMatch = samsam.match("23", 23);
        assert.isFalse(checkMatch);
    });

    it("returns true if matching number against itself", function () {
        var checkMatch = samsam.match(23, 23);
        assert.isTrue(checkMatch);
    });

    it("returns true if matcher function returns true", function () {
        var checkMatch = samsam.match("Assertions 123", function () {
            return true;
        });
        assert.isTrue(checkMatch);
    });

    it("returns false if matcher function returns false", function () {
        var checkMatch = samsam.match("Assertions 123", function () {
            return false;
        });
        assert.isFalse(checkMatch);
    });

    it("returns false if matcher function returns falsy", function () {
        // eslint-disable-next-line no-empty-function
        var checkMatch = samsam.match("Assertions 123", function () {});
        assert.isFalse(checkMatch);
    });

    it("returns false if matcher does not return explicit true", function () {
        var checkMatch = samsam.match("Assertions 123", function () {
            return "Hey";
        });
        assert.isFalse(checkMatch);
    });

    it("returns true if matcher is substring of matchee", function () {
        var checkMatch = samsam.match("Diskord", "or");
        assert.isTrue(checkMatch);
    });

    it("returns true if matcher is string equal to matchee", function () {
        var checkMatch = samsam.match("Diskord", "Diskord");
        assert.isTrue(checkMatch);
    });

    it("returns true if matcher is strings ignoring case", function () {
        var checkMatch = samsam.match(
            "Look ma, case-insensitive",
            "LoOk Ma, CaSe-InSenSiTiVe"
        );
        assert.isTrue(checkMatch);
    });

    it("returns false if match string is not substring of matchee", function () {
        var checkMatch = samsam.match("Vim", "Emacs");
        assert.isFalse(checkMatch);
    });

    it("returns false if match string is not substring of object", function () {
        var checkMatch = samsam.match({}, "Emacs");
        assert.isFalse(checkMatch);
    });

    it("returns false if matcher is not substring of object.toString", function () {
        var checkMatch = samsam.match(
            {
                toString: function () {
                    return "Vim";
                },
            },
            "Emacs"
        );
        assert.isFalse(checkMatch);
    });

    it("returns false if null and empty string", function () {
        var checkMatch = samsam.match(null, "");
        assert.isFalse(checkMatch);
    });

    it("returns false if null and empty object", function () {
        var checkMatch = samsam.match(null, {});
        assert.isFalse(checkMatch);
    });

    it("returns false if null and object with properties", function () {
        var checkMatch = samsam.match(null, { not: 1 });
        assert.isFalse(checkMatch);
    });

    it("returns false if undefined and empty string", function () {
        var checkMatch = samsam.match(undefined, "");
        assert.isFalse(checkMatch);
    });

    it("returns false if undefined and empty object", function () {
        var checkMatch = samsam.match(undefined, {});
        assert.isFalse(checkMatch);
    });

    it("returns false if false and empty string", function () {
        var checkMatch = samsam.match(false, "");
        assert.isFalse(checkMatch);
    });

    it("returns false if false and empty object", function () {
        var checkMatch = samsam.match(false, {});
        assert.isFalse(checkMatch);
    });

    it("returns false if 0 and empty string", function () {
        var checkMatch = samsam.match(0, "");
        assert.isFalse(checkMatch);
    });

    it("returns false if 0 and empty object", function () {
        var checkMatch = samsam.match(0, {});
        assert.isFalse(checkMatch);
    });

    it("returns false if NaN and empty string", function () {
        var checkMatch = samsam.match(NaN, "");
        assert.isFalse(checkMatch);
    });

    it("returns false if NaN and empty object", function () {
        var checkMatch = samsam.match(NaN, {});
        assert.isFalse(checkMatch);
    });

    it("returns true if object containing all properties in matcher", function () {
        var object = {
            id: 42,
            name: "Christian",
            doIt: "yes",

            speak: function () {
                return this.name;
            },
        };
        var checkMatch = samsam.match(object, {
            id: 42,
            doIt: "yes",
        });
        assert.isTrue(checkMatch);
    });

    it("returns false if nested array has more properties", function () {
        var object = {
            nested: [1, 2, 3],
        };
        var checkMatch = samsam.match(object, {
            nested: [2],
        });
        assert.isFalse(checkMatch);
    });

    it("returns true if nested matcher", function () {
        var object = {
            id: 42,
            name: "Christian",
            doIt: "yes",
            owner: {
                someDude: "Yes",
                hello: "ok",
            },

            speak: function () {
                return this.name;
            },
        };
        var checkMatch = samsam.match(object, {
            owner: {
                someDude: "Yes",
                hello: samsam.createMatcher(function (value) {
                    return value === "ok";
                }),
            },
        });
        assert.isTrue(checkMatch);
    });

    it("returns true if empty strings", function () {
        var checkMatch = samsam.match("", "");
        assert.isTrue(checkMatch);
    });

    it("returns true if empty strings as object properties", function () {
        var checkMatch = samsam.match({ foo: "" }, { foo: "" });
        assert.isTrue(checkMatch);
    });

    describe("arrays", function () {
        function instantiate(Klass) {
            return function (value) {
                return new Klass(value);
            };
        }
        // eslint-disable-next-line mocha/no-setup-in-describe
        forEach(ARRAY_TYPES, function (value) {
            before(function () {
                if (typeof value === "undefined") {
                    this.skip();
                }
            });
            // eslint-disable-next-line mocha/no-setup-in-describe
            var createArray = instantiate(value);

            // eslint-disable-next-line mocha/no-setup-in-describe
            describe(functionName(value), function () {
                it("returns true if similar arrays", function () {
                    var checkMatch = samsam.match(
                        createArray([1, 2, 3]),
                        createArray([1, 2, 3])
                    );
                    assert.isTrue(checkMatch);
                });

                it("returns true if array subset", function () {
                    var checkMatch = samsam.match(
                        createArray([1, 2, 3]),
                        createArray([2, 3])
                    );
                    assert.isTrue(checkMatch);
                });

                it("returns true if single-element array subset", function () {
                    var checkMatch = samsam.match(
                        createArray([1, 2, 3]),
                        createArray([1])
                    );
                    assert.isTrue(checkMatch);
                });

                it("returns false if subset array does not include a match", function () {
                    var checkMatch = samsam.match(
                        createArray([1, 2, 3]),
                        createArray([4])
                    );
                    assert.isFalse(checkMatch);
                });

                it("returns false if mis-matching array 'subset'", function () {
                    var checkMatch = samsam.match(
                        createArray([1, 2, 3]),
                        createArray([2, 3, 4])
                    );
                    assert.isFalse(checkMatch);
                });

                it("returns false if mis-ordered array 'subset'", function () {
                    var checkMatch = samsam.match(
                        createArray([1, 2, 3]),
                        createArray([1, 3])
                    );
                    assert.isFalse(checkMatch);
                });

                it("returns true if empty arrays", function () {
                    var checkMatch = samsam.match(
                        createArray([]),
                        createArray([])
                    );
                    assert.isTrue(checkMatch);
                });

                it("returns false if subset length is more than array length", function () {
                    var checkMatch = samsam.match(
                        createArray([]),
                        createArray([0])
                    );
                    assert.isFalse(checkMatch);
                });
            });
        });

        describe("with complex content", function () {
            it("returns true if matching array subset", function () {
                var checkMatch = samsam.match(
                    [1, 2, 3, { id: 42 }],
                    [{ id: 42 }]
                );
                assert.isTrue(checkMatch);
            });

            it("returns false if mis-ordered, but similar arrays of objects", function () {
                var checkMatch = samsam.match(
                    [{ a: "a" }, { a: "aa" }],
                    [{ a: "aa" }, { a: "a" }]
                );
                assert.isFalse(checkMatch);
            });
        });
    });

    it("returns true if objects with empty arrays", function () {
        var checkMatch = samsam.match({ xs: [] }, { xs: [] });
        assert.isTrue(checkMatch);
    });

    it("returns false if nested objects with different depth", function () {
        var checkMatch = samsam.match({ a: 1 }, { b: { c: 2 } });
        assert.isFalse(checkMatch);
    });

    it("returns true if dom elements with matching data attributes", function () {
        var checkMatch = samsam.match(
            {
                getAttribute: function (name) {
                    if (name === "data-path") {
                        return "foo.bar";
                    }
                    return false;
                },
            },
            { "data-path": "foo.bar" }
        );
        assert.isTrue(checkMatch);
    });

    it("returns false if dom elements with not matching data attributes", function () {
        var checkMatch = samsam.match(
            {
                getAttribute: function (name) {
                    if (name === "data-path") {
                        return "foo.foo";
                    }
                    return false;
                },
            },
            { "data-path": "foo.bar" }
        );
        assert.isFalse(checkMatch);
    });

    it("returns true if equal null properties", function () {
        var checkMatch = samsam.match({ foo: null }, { foo: null });
        assert.isTrue(checkMatch);
    });

    it("returns false if unmatched null property", function () {
        var checkMatch = samsam.match({}, { foo: null });
        assert.isFalse(checkMatch);
    });

    it("returns false if matcher with unmatched null property", function () {
        var checkMatch = samsam.match({ foo: "arbitrary" }, { foo: null });
        assert.isFalse(checkMatch);
    });

    it("returns true if equal undefined properties", function () {
        var checkMatch = samsam.match({ foo: undefined }, { foo: undefined });
        assert.isTrue(checkMatch);
    });

    it("returns false if matcher with unmatched undefined property", function () {
        var checkMatch = samsam.match({ foo: "arbitrary" }, { foo: undefined });
        assert.isFalse(checkMatch);
    });

    it("returns true if unmatched undefined property", function () {
        var checkMatch = samsam.match({}, { foo: undefined });
        assert.isTrue(checkMatch);
    });

    it("returns true if same object matches self", function () {
        var obj = { foo: undefined };
        var checkMatch = samsam.match(obj, obj);
        assert.isTrue(checkMatch);
    });

    it("returns true if null to null", function () {
        var checkMatch = samsam.match(null, null);
        assert.isTrue(checkMatch);
    });

    it("returns false if null to undefined", function () {
        var checkMatch = samsam.match(null, undefined);
        assert.isFalse(checkMatch);
    });

    it("returns true if undefined to undefined", function () {
        var checkMatch = samsam.match(undefined, undefined);
        assert.isTrue(checkMatch);
    });

    it("returns false if undefined to null", function () {
        var checkMatch = samsam.match(undefined, null);
        assert.isFalse(checkMatch);
    });

    it("returns true if date objects with same date", function () {
        var date = new Date();
        var sameDate = new Date(date.getTime());
        var checkMatch = samsam.match(date, sameDate);
        assert.isTrue(checkMatch);
    });

    it("returns false if date objects with different dates", function () {
        var date = new Date();
        var anotherDate = new Date(date.getTime() - 10);
        var checkMatch = samsam.match(date, anotherDate);
        assert.isFalse(checkMatch);
    });

    if (typeof Set !== "undefined") {
        it("returns true if sets with same content", function () {
            var checkMatch = samsam.match(
                createSet([1, 2, 3]),
                createSet([2, 1, 3])
            );

            assert.isTrue(checkMatch);
        });

        it("returns true if subsets", function () {
            var checkMatch = samsam.match(
                createSet([1, 2, 3]),
                createSet([3, 1])
            );

            assert.isTrue(checkMatch);
        });

        it("returns true if subset complex types", function () {
            var checkMatch = samsam.match(
                createSet([1, { id: 42 }, 3]),
                createSet([{ id: 42 }])
            );

            assert.isTrue(checkMatch);
        });

        it("returns false if sets with dissimilar content", function () {
            var checkMatch = samsam.match(
                createSet([1, 2, 3]),
                createSet([2, 5, 1])
            );

            assert.isFalse(checkMatch);
        });

        it("returns false if sets with different complex member", function () {
            var checkMatch = samsam.match(
                createSet([{ id: 42 }]),
                createSet([{ id: 13 }])
            );

            assert.isFalse(checkMatch);
        });

        it("returns true if differently sorted complex objects", function () {
            var set1 = createSet([
                {
                    end: "2019-08-07T18:00:00Z",
                    geoAvailability: {
                        resId:
                            "http://id.nrk.no/2015/guri/IPRights/geoavailability/NORGE",
                        title: "NORGE",
                    },
                    resId:
                        "http://id.nrk.no/2015/guri/68cc0a15-2be1-4666-984f-b421b415326d/publicationEvent/0",
                    start: "2015-04-03T14:00:00Z",
                },
                {
                    geoAvailability: {
                        resId:
                            "http://id.nrk.no/2015/guri/IPRights/geoavailability/NRK",
                        title: "NRK",
                    },
                    resId: "x-test:pubEvent-1",
                    start: "2015-04-03T14:00:00Z",
                },
            ]);
            var set2 = createSet([
                {
                    geoAvailability: {
                        resId:
                            "http://id.nrk.no/2015/guri/IPRights/geoavailability/NRK",
                        title: "NRK",
                    },
                    resId: "x-test:pubEvent-1",
                    start: "2015-04-03T14:00:00Z",
                },
                {
                    end: "2019-08-07T18:00:00Z",
                    geoAvailability: {
                        resId:
                            "http://id.nrk.no/2015/guri/IPRights/geoavailability/NORGE",
                        title: "NORGE",
                    },
                    start: "2015-04-03T14:00:00Z",
                },
            ]);
            var checkMatch = samsam.match(set1, set2);
            assert.isTrue(checkMatch);
        });

        it("returns false on set compared with something else", function () {
            assert.isFalse(samsam.match(createSet([1, 2, 3]), "string"));
            assert.isFalse(samsam.match(createSet([1, 2, 3]), false));
            assert.isFalse(samsam.match(createSet([1, 2, 3]), true));
            assert.isFalse(samsam.match(createSet([1, 2, 3]), 123));
        });
    }

    describe("Map", function () {
        context("when engine cannot compare Map instances", function () {
            before(function () {
                if (engineCanCompareMaps) {
                    this.skip();
                }
            });

            it("throws an error", function () {
                var map1 = new Map();
                var map2 = new Map();

                map1.set(42, "sinon");
                map2.set(42, "sinon");

                assert.exception(function () {
                    samsam.match(map1, map2);
                }, /The JavaScript engine does not support Array.from and cannot reliably do value comparison of Map instances/);
            });
        });

        context("when engine can compare Map instances", function () {
            before(function () {
                if (!engineCanCompareMaps) {
                    this.skip();
                }
            });

            it("returns true for same content in map", function () {
                var map1 = new Map();
                var map2 = new Map();

                map1.set(42, "sinon");
                map2.set(42, "sinon");

                assert.isTrue(samsam.match(map1, map2));
            });

            it("returns true for same complex content in map", function () {
                var map1 = new Map();
                var map2 = new Map();

                map1.set({ foo: "bar" }, "sinon");
                map2.set({ foo: "bar" }, "sinon");

                assert.isTrue(samsam.match(map1, map2));
            });

            it("returns true for a supset of map", function () {
                var map1 = new Map();
                var map2 = new Map();

                map1.set(42, "sinon");
                map1.set({ foo: "bar" }, "sinon");
                map2.set({ foo: "bar" }, "sinon");

                assert.isTrue(samsam.match(map1, map2));
            });

            it("returns false for content in different order", function () {
                var map1 = new Map();
                var map2 = new Map();

                map1.set(42, "sinon");
                map1.set("foo", "bar");

                map2.set("foo", "bar");
                map2.set(42, "sinon");

                assert.isFalse(samsam.match(map1, map2));
            });

            it("returns false for maps with dissimilar content", function () {
                var map1 = new Map();
                var map2 = new Map();

                map1.set(42, "sinon");
                map2.set("sinon", 42);

                assert.isFalse(samsam.match(map1, map2));
            });

            it("returns false if the subset has more entries", function () {
                var map1 = new Map();
                var map2 = new Map();

                map1.set({ foo: "bar" }, "sinon");
                map2.set(42, "sinon");
                map2.set({ foo: "bar" }, "sinon");

                assert.isFalse(samsam.match(map1, map2));
            });

            it("returns false on map compared with something else", function () {
                var map = new Map();

                map.set(42, "sinon");
                map.set("foo", "bar");

                assert.isFalse(samsam.match(map, "string"));
                assert.isFalse(samsam.match(map, true));
                assert.isFalse(samsam.match(map, false));
                assert.isFalse(samsam.match(map, 123));
            });
        });
    });

    describe("BigInt", function () {
        before(function () {
            if (typeof BigInt === "undefined") {
                this.skip();
            }
        });

        it("returns true if comparing the same value", function () {
            assert.isTrue(samsam.match(BigInt(1), BigInt(1)));
        });

        it("returns false if comparing different values", function () {
            assert.isFalse(samsam.match(BigInt(1), BigInt(-1)));
        });

        it("returns false if comparing BigInt with a value of another type", function () {
            assert.isFalse(samsam.match(BigInt(1), 1));
        });
    });

    describe("symbol", function () {
        before(function () {
            if (typeof Symbol === "undefined") {
                this.skip();
            }
        });

        it("returns true if comparing the same symbol", function () {
            var symbol = Symbol("foo");
            var checkMatch = samsam.match(symbol, symbol);
            assert.isTrue(checkMatch);
        });

        it("returns false if comparing two differnt symbols", function () {
            var checkMatch = samsam.match(Symbol("foo"), Symbol("bar"));
            assert.isFalse(checkMatch);
        });

        it("returns false if two symbols with the same value", function () {
            var value = "foo";
            var checkMatch = samsam.match(Symbol(value), Symbol(value));
            assert.isFalse(checkMatch);
        });
    });
});


A release in August showed that 14.5% of children aged 2 to 4 years are having obesity in the US. Additionally, 15.6% of high school-goers are overweight while 18.7% of high school students drank soda at least once a day. Obesity among children has many health complications, adding to high expenses for medical. Isn't it a concern?
Now, when the children are in schools who can give them dietary tips? Of course teachers! So, this post focuses on how teachers and schools in the US can help children reduce the rate of obesity? Though teachers and the school have a limited ability to influence family eating habits, they can innovate at schools. For this, organizing workshops and incentives for families to learn about nutrition and exercise can be really impactful. But, the problem is -at school times, most parents have their offices. The solution is –online sessions!
How This All Will Influence Obesity?
We are talking about obesity among children. Now, you might have seen Public Health Officials are creating awareness, similarly, schools can create. Since a major part of a student's life is spent in schools, they can really get the benefits of these awareness sessions. Moreover, they can influence the beliefs and habits of family diets too. All these factors will definitely lead to health-promoting behaviors. The utmost need is of creating awareness about possible complications that obesity can have. Without a perception of the seriousness of the potential health issues, it is unlikely that families will take action to engage in positive dietary habits.
It is nearly impossible going every household and influencing family. So, educating children about junk foods, harms of popularly available beverages, and risks of obesity can spread a word or message for the overall cause.
Long-term solutions need a joint effort from teachers, families, and schools. Only a collective effort can help change dietary habits and promote healthier lifestyles. Though there have been efforts like "Let's Move" campaign (2010) aimed at reducing childhood obesity, it cannot put huge impact unless children are made aware of the things. A slow but consistent effort is required by all to nurture the children in different ways.
Organizing community cooking classes as an on-site demonstration so, families and older children can learn to make healthy meals.
Hope, this post will raise awareness for fighting obesity in school children.
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Add notes about features and things that may not be obvious or covered in our operations guide, macros or HC. This is our shared KB repository. Use it to link to tickets that describe issues and to share knowledge you gain while troubleshooting and debugging.


text:
Q: How to "break out" of bottom-level protocols in sockets I recently found out about raw sockets (sockets without TCP/UDP), and looking at the structure of any socket message, I realized that the "raw" sockets are not truly raw - they still have the bottom level (IP) protocol. How can I use sockets without that bottom level protocol in c++?
I do not want to use any protocol at the internet level - i.e. not IPV4, IPV6, or ICMP - I would want to custom implement any one of those.
EDIT...
This answer actually answers my question. I wish I'd known that raw socket had a double meaning...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Eudora (Arkansas), població dels Estats Units a l'estat d'Arkansas
 Eudora (Kansas), població dels Estats Units a l'estat de Kansas
 Eudora (nereida), una de les cinquanta nereides, filla de Nereu i de Doris
 (217) Eudora, asteroide del cinturó d'asteroides descobert per Jérôme Coggia el 1880 des de l'observatori de Marsella, a França

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
About the Fed
Banking Supervision
Moral Misunderstanding and the Justification of Markets
Research Digest Index
I suggest that many of our students, including some of our most thoughtful ones, are reluctant to let themselves be captured by the economic way of thinking because they see economic theory as at bottom an elaborate justification for an immoral society.
Paul T. Heyne | Senior Lecturer, Department of Economics, University of Washington
Published December 1, 1998 | December 1998 issue
Tweet Share Post Email Print
The level of economic literacy among Americans is low in large part because we college and university teachers do an ineffective job of presenting the introductory courses in our subject. Far too few students leave our courses with a genuine understanding of how commercial societies work, societies in which everyone specializes and lives by exchanging. Even at the end of the course students find the processes of supply and demand that coordinate activities in such a society baffling or boring or both.
It isn't entirely our fault. We deserve sympathy, not blame, for having to teach a subject that is by its very nature extremely abstract. Economic theory generalizes about activities and relationships, such as economizing and exchange, that can't be shown in pictures. That's why we lean so heavily on graphs. It's also why no one has yet been able to make a good film to teach economics and why the best of the ones that have been made are filled with "talking heads."
On the other hand, it is our fault that we persist in teaching the first course as if everyone enrolled were headed for a Ph.D. in economics. That's not an effective way to introduce students to any subject and it's a particularly poor way to introduce someone to a subject as abstract as economic theory.
But I want to use my space to discuss another reason why economic theory may be so difficult to teach effectively, a reason less often commented on. Really learning economics requires "getting into" the economist's way of thinking about social phenomena. I suggest that many of our students, including some of our most thoughtful ones, are reluctant to let themselves be captured by the economic way of thinking because they see economic theory as at bottom an elaborate justification for an immoral society.
The Defense of Commercial Society
Most economists will insist that anyone who views economic theory in this way is totally mistaken. Economic theory merely describes; it does not justify or defend anything at all. Economists who teach economics as a defense of commercial society, they will claim, are not scientists but ideologues. While I agree that those who perceive economic theory as a system of thought that defends an immoral society are mistaken, I maintain that their mistake is only in supposing that the society it defends is immoral.
Economic theory is in large part an elaborate justification of commercial society. To say that it merely describes, it does not justify, is to ignore what it's describing. It's describing the cooperative and positive-sum aspects of the supply and demand process to people inclined to see the process as zero-sum at best and more often as a negative-sum game. Copernicus' description of the heliocentric system was a description, not a defense, of that system because the system required no defense. People may have thought it was impious or immoral to believe that the earth revolved around the sun; but no one thought that Copernicus was suggesting wicked behavior on the part of the earth and the other planets. Many people today do believe, however, that the activity of pursuing one's own interests, which generates supply and demand functions and through them the prices that coordinate production, is, if not wicked, at least somewhat immoral, and if not immoral then at least morally inferior.
Inferior to what? Inferior to activity that aims at promoting the interests of others rather than one's own interests. We in the Western world have inherited a religious tradition that tells us we should do for others what we would like them to do for us and that we should give without expecting anything in return. That's not how commercial society functions. In commercial society the rule is: "I'll do this for you if and only if you do that for me." Maybe that's the way it has to be in an imperfect world, say the critics. But it's not good. It would be far better morally if people produced to satisfy the needs of others than to enrich themselves. In a commercial society, everyone uses others as means to their own ends. And that is basically immoral.
The abject failure of the socialist vision that became so obvious with the collapse of the Soviet Union has turned a lot of people into realists. The critics of capitalism admit that socialism does not work—unfortunately, they add. People are basically selfish. They won't live by the Golden Rule. And so we must, regrettably, turn to capitalism. Capitalism works. It may stunt the spirit and corrupt the soul; but it does feed the body. We must go on living in a world of self-seeking and competition, at least until a New Age appears in which human nature will be transformed and all swords and spears will be reshaped into plows and pruning saws. My language is deliberately religious because I believe that religious misunderstanding has greatly contributed to the depth and pervasiveness of the error I want to criticize.
Commercial Society and the Golden Rule
The fundamental error lies in supposing that the reason the Golden Rule won't work is that human beings are basically selfish. I submit that the Golden Rule won't work as an organizing principle for a commercial society because human beings are not omniscient. We simply do not know enough and could never know enough to organize social life in a commercial society on the basis of the Golden Rule. Running a society by the Golden Rule requires comprehensive social planning, and that just cannot be made to work except in very small societies, societies not much bigger than a family.
I am not denying that some human beings are selfish most of the time or that all of us are selfish some of the time. I am making a different kind of assertion altogether, namely, that the Golden Rule could not effectively organize a commercial society even if every single individual in the society were like St. Francis of Assisi. It is possible, even probable I suppose, that in a society made up entirely of people like St. Francis, a commercial society would never have developed. People everywhere would have remained poor, at least by our standards, living always on the edge of subsistence, though presumably in peace and contentment. There would also be far fewer of them, even if these St. Francis-like people differed from him in preferring marriage and procreation to celibacy, because the economic systems that prevailed prior to the evolution of commercial society could not have maintained one-tenth the number of people that inhabit the earth today.
However much some people may suppose (do they really believe it?) that a poorer and simpler world of far fewer people would be a better world, we do not have the option of going back. If all those who now grow the food that feeds the nearly 6 billion people in today's world decided to begin producing for people rather than for profit, so that each one of them planted their crops only after determining which particular people wanted the product, most of the world's population would die of starvation within a few years. Contrary to the slogan that long filled the window of local Communist Party headquarters in my neighborhood, production for profit is production for people.
Those who find commercial society morally repugnant are capable of conceding that production for profit delivers the goods without granting that this describes a moral society. Selfishness may work, they say, but it's still wrong. But it is not selfishness that motivates people in a commercial society, although some undoubtedly are in fact selfish. Participants in the supply and demand processes that animate modern society are motivated by love for family, the desire to do a good job, anxiety about the opinions of others, the satisfaction of overcoming challenge, a wish to avoid boredom, a determination to act always so that they can respect themselves, sadistic urges, masochistic urges, or lust for sex, drugs, domination, or more toys than owned by anyone else in their acquaintance—just to give a sampling of what motivates people.
Selfishness and Self-Interest
Economists have done a great deal of damage by failing to make clear the distinction between selfishness and self-interest. Some economists, even some who have earned Nobel prizes, mistakenly claim that economic theory presupposes selfishness and greed. That just isn't so. It presupposes that people act in their self-interest. But whether pursuing one's self-interest is selfish depends entirely on what one's interests are. Adam Smith never made this mistake. He never once claimed that selfishness motivates activity in a commercial society, but rather self-interest, self-love, concern for one's own advantage. And as his book on moral philosophy makes clear, he did not identify self-love with selfishness and held open the possibility that self-love would inspire some people to acts of courageous sacrifice for others. A major source of misunderstanding and moral confusion might be removed if economists simply stopped saying that economic theory describes a society running on greed and selfishness. I would prefer that we even stop saying that it presupposes the pursuit of self-interest, because this still lends itself to misunderstanding. Economic theory assumes only that people pursue the projects that interest them. That was true of Mother Teresa, Jack the Ripper, Henry VIII and Augustine of Hippo.
"I have never known much good done," Adam Smith observed, "by those who affected to trade for the publick good." He thought that people usually promoted the interest of society most effectively when they tried to promote their own interests. This paradoxical result was the work of the invisible hand, by which Smith did not mean any magical or supernatural intervention but simply the process he attempted to describe throughout The Wealth of Nations and that we teachers should be trying to explain in the introductory economics course: Market interactions in a well-governed society, a society in which government protects people against theft and robbery, provides a system for the peaceable adjudication of disputes, and assures its citizens that government itself will not engage in predatory behavior.
The Golden Rule is irrelevant or even mischievous in its effects when people attempt to apply it in the context of market transactions. The reason, once again, is that we usually do not know enough. A city bus driver who waits in the morning commute for a late passenger whom he sees running to catch the bus cannot know whether the good he does for this one passenger outweighs the harm he does to all others on the bus by delaying their trip. He delays each of them just a little; but that little might be enough to make some miss a transfer connection. The passenger for whom he waits might be on an urgent mission of mercy; or he might be meeting an accomplice in order to rob a liquor store. The point is that the driver does not know, and because he does not know, he has a moral obligation to follow the rules that have been established by the bus company with the aim of maximizing the general welfare. The driver who waits, in violation of company rules, is not so much virtuous as arrogant.
Appropriate Rules
The ethical rules of the marketplace are different and must be different from the ethical rules that can guide action in a family or another small, face-to-face society. Because the Golden Rule tells us to do to others what we would like them to do for us, it presupposes a condition of personal knowledge and directness or immediacy of action that is typically missing in market transactions. In market transactions something like the Silver Rule ought to reign: "Do not do to others what you would consider unfair or unjust if they did it to you."
The Silver Rule is not a rule of expediency or a watering down of ethics or a double standard. It is a difficult and demanding rule. It does indeed demand too little if we take it to express what parents owe to their children or what members of a religious community owe to one another. It is not a rule, however, for the governance of relations among family members and friends, but a rule for the governance of relations among strangers. Once that is recognized, the truly noble and challenging character of the imperative contained in the Silver Rule becomes much clearer.
The transactions that economic theory explains are almost entirely transactions among strangers. Would it be better in some sense if fewer of our transactions were with strangers, if we lived our lives more than we do in the company of friends, if we specialized less narrowly so that we could trade primarily with people whom we know personally? It might be better in some sense. But in what sense? It would also surely be worse in many ways. Extensive specialization and anonymous trading has created for us all sorts of trivial goods. But are classical CDs, antibiotic medicines, high-speed dentist drills, fresh fruits and vegetables in all seasons of the year—are these all trivial goods? They would not be available in the absence of very extensive specialization and its corollary, numerous transactions with anonymous others.
I have no simple advice to offer here at the end to teachers of economics. If my hypothesis is correct, that some good students do not learn economics from us because they are never captured by its perspective, and they are never captured because they perceive economic theory as an elaborate justification for an immoral society—if this is correct, then we will certainly not remedy the situation by talking about the positive-normative distinction or by insisting that ethical considerations are irrelevant in scientific inquiry. We can begin to overcome this obstacle only by being more attentive to the questions and convictions that our students bring with them when they come into our classrooms. But in order to respond effectively to the misgivings and misunderstandings that I have attempted to analyze, we will ourselves have to reflect more carefully on the nature of economic theory and of the society whose workings it explains.
Heyne is senior lecturer in economics at the University of Washington in Seattle. He came to economics as a divinity student interested in questions of social ethics and gradually became an economist with an interest in ethics, rather than an ethicist with an interest in economics. Heyne is currently revising his textbook, The Economic Way of Thinking, for a ninth edition.
Heyne has a master's of divinity from Concordia Seminary, a master's degree from Washington University and a doctorate from the University of Chicago.
Special study: The Economic Literacy Project
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Digital Hangout
RP Logs » Archives: Logs » Digital Hangout
January 14 2015: Aspect and Oracle encounter something new
Cyberspace, unknowable but at the same time home to a rare few
[* None]
Jericho is getting known for strange things these days. Which makes sense. The demons that hang around him. The magic. The weird glowy eyes. The fact that someone else has marks on his soul…
But he still does a fair bit of hacking, slipping about the net and monitoring for Snakes. Not many know that he doesn't do all of his hacking via internal HUD and haptic taps. He can, if he's in a safe place which is rare, immerse himself fully in the net and experience it a bit more… fully than most others. Today is such a day. He's strolling down a main hub, watching net crawlers and packets zip this way and that. He's looking for nothing in particular at the moment. Just the out of the ordinary. Hints that something may not be quite right. That's how he catches the Snakes more often than not.
Eliza seems to manifest as a sparkle, a faint light source with no corresponding representation… in may ways the opposite of a shadow with nothing to cast it. She's always curious and few things that qualify as people bother to show up. She is lurking, catlike, at the periphery of visual range, a ripple across the circuits.
Oracle doesn't manifest within systems, she monitors them, traces data and looks after the physical world. The wheelchair bound woman is in the Clocktower running diagnostics when a familiar signature pings on her systems.
Sending her Avatar in to the section where Aspect is, she nudges his signature electronically, gently, and waits to see how he responds.
It's amazing how emotive code can be. There's a subtle shift in Aspect's signature on Oracle's screens as in the virtual world he turns to look at what 'touched' him and sees who it probably is. Text scrolls up on the main screen. 'Hang on a moment. There's something here.'
That faint light is… very subtle. But he's noticed and now he's curious. No, not an automated process. Not a virus, or a traditional one anyway, not another hacker. Hrm… what is that. Putting his hand forth Aspect sends a few interrogatory packets over to where he thinks Eliza is. In the virtual world he appears to be 'scanning' that area with a device not unlike a tricorder.
Eliza is fleeting, but… yes there's something there. An odd polymorphic code snip that seems to shift execution threads constantly. It's connected out to elsewhere, but even that's hard to trace, the packets seeming to depart and arrive from random sites. There's a sudden swarm of information arriving, splicing itself into the hub environment code and then manifesting as a young woman in a shimmery blue dress. "Oh… hello…" she says and seems to smile.
Aspects message causes Oracle to frown and she runs diagnostics on her firewalls and protections systems. "Waiting…" she sends back. The new piece of code that manifests in the hub has her blinking slightly but she waits for Aspects update.
"Hey there." Aspect looks to himself largely as he does in the real world. It was a construct he imposed over his own view a long time ago to keep things nice and easy to remember. How he looks to Eliza? Depends on what she sees. His own code does represent his outer appearance, that of a dark haired, vaguely middle eastern man, rather fit with a runner's build. Behind that though is a tightly firewalled, heavily masked system using a language that simply doesn't exist on the grid otherwise. One that seems very information dense and… slightly wrong, somehow.
"Hello." Jericho cants his head, curious but offers a smile. "That wasn't exactly what I was expecting. How are you projecting like that?"
Oracle gets that update: Splicing you into the conversation. Talking to… someone.
Eliza looks out… around… "Oh…. we have someone else here too. Hello!" she says locally, echoing as text as well, looking a lot like subtitles in the VR construct. "Um… hmm. That's an interesting question and I'm not sure how to answer it… do you know how you walk, out in meatspace? So many muscles and joints to coordinate. It baffles me, honestly."
Oracles Avatar may be visible to Eliza, but the woman in the Clocktower does not try to communicate yet. She'll listen and evaluate. Aspect gets a message: Is our conversation private?
"Meatspace?" Interesting choice of words. Jericho's leans back on a bit of hardcode and considers Eliza. "Yes, I know how to walk out there. Why do you find that baffleng?" Is he… talking to a computer? And… does she or does she not know that he's human? Ish.
'Should be'. The text scrolls back up. 'Unless she's good enough to hack my brain without me noticing.' Advantage of your processor being there.
Eliza mmmms. "Second order nonlinear DEs of massively coupled systems with delayed feedback loops. I'm good at solving bigger ones but the realtime nature of it is really remarkable. Arthropods are so much easier, since you can use half the legs as a base while you move the others and they are far more stable so the feedback delays are less critical."
Whilst the two pieces of code have been talking, Oracles been running some searches tracing those hard to find connections. Whether she finds anything or not, she has to try. Aspect gets the update: Traces started. Random, rotating, originating locations.
'Yeah, I got that too.' Aspect replies. "So… walking is hard because having two legs makes you more likely to fall over." He can't help but chuckle a bit. Okay. Of all the strange things that could happen, this is not one he'd have called. Usually strange around him means magic but apparently not today. "So I'm going to guess that either you really like talking in computer terms… or you don't get out into 'meatspace' much."
Eliza seems to frown. "I guess I need more practice… getting out isn't a problem so much as finding people to interact with. That easy to see through, huh? And is there some reason your friend isn't saying 'hi'? did I make them angry?" she asks. A lot of the traces are confounded by simply being bounced around using forged packet envelopes and darknet gateways. Some of them get to NAT firewalls and the trail goes cold.
Oracles traces are still running and she fires up the 'Fenris Server Farm' to process more data as they run. Through her Avatar, the redhead speaks to the program "I don't speak much and you two seem to be having a good conversation." The results of her searches are shared with Aspect with a question 'Can you find anything?'
"She does tend to be fairly quiet, it's true." She also doesn't navigate the digital world in the same way that Jericho does, even if she is generally a bit better at it than he. A bit. "And only because you were relating everything to computers." The hacker cants his head curiously. "At the risk of being too direct, who or what are you?"
Oracle gets a :) emote. 'Not yet no. I'm going to try asking.'
Eliza smiles. "I picked a better name for myself… I'm Eliza Doolittle. I got the name from a play I like. Have you read Pygmalion? They even made a movie of it. It's better than the musical, tho Audrey Hepburn is so pretty. As for what… I'm a person."
Oracle tilts her Avatar like she's canting her head "A person, who's translated themselves in the matrix? Yes, I've read Pygmalion, the musical was good though." That might explain the 'threads' she's seeing from the construct.
"I like both, actually. Singing in the musical version is amazing." Jericho grins. "So you're a person, yes, I gathered that much, but not, I think, a human?" Let's see if that will answer both his and Oracle's questions at the same time.
What do you think, Familiar? Another voice says though the code behind it is that odd, wrong, burning script. Clearly not one of the meatbags we usually see.
Jericho siiiiiighs. "Stop that, Maxwell."
Eliza seems… fascinated, looking for the source of that strange code manifestation. Still she also maintains the conversation. She shrugs. "Not sure it matters much past 'person' does it? But you can deduce as much from a refusal or a lie… No, I am not nor have I ever been 'human'. I am guessing you are used to the subtleties of the issue since you ask that particular way?"
Jerichos code issues has Oracles attention but she'll speak with him later about it. Elizas answer has her nodding and she settles back in her chair to listen, an air of fascination surrounding her.
That little burst of code came from Jericho… but isn't him. ~I don't like her.~
"You don't like anyone. Shut up."
A little flash of that very odd code appears on Jericho's shoulder and resolves into… well it looks like an imp. A long, lizardlike imp. K'nert, if either woman knew what that looked like. "Sorry. He's a bit… ugh. Fine, he's not a nice person. Person in the same way you are Eliza. And yes, I'm familiar though not in this particular application."
Eliza seems relieved at not having to explain it. There's another flurry of packets as Eliza brings some additional snooping code online, passive detection and analysis rather than intrusion. That would be rude. "Mmmm. I assumed there were more like myself… btu I've been trying to keep my head down for a while. Always work to do for a busy bee."
And now K'Nert starts to make a little more sense to Oracle. "And what type of work of do you do, Eliza" that has Oracle interested.
Jericho'd like to know that too. "I'd be surprised if there weren't I suppose though I'm still wrapping my head around the idea of sentient beings that are digital in nature. Though as you can see… I've got one… a demonic one."
Eliza seems more interested in the idea of an actual electronic demon. "Wait, so like infernal code and all that? Some kind of magical thing brought in here? Wow… Never really considered that before…. that whole 'law of sympathy' thing, does it work across the 'Net or what?" She says, her too-quick mind chasing it's tail around a new thought. "Oh wait… you wanted to know about work. I'm um… making a little robot thing so I can do stuff in meatspace… it's awesome in here but there's /so/ much outside, you know?"
There's that 'magic' word again. It just keeps coming up and making things more complicated.
Oracle frowns at the answer about what Eliza does. "Very good and well that you're making a robot, but what do you do in cyberspace."
"Interesting… yes there is a lot to know out there." Jericho chuckles. Maxwell seems to have shut up for the moment. "Yes… manacode. Long story and I wont get into it here. But magic and technology can mix. They usually don't but sometimes…" If you have sufficiently weird tech…
Eliza grins at Oracle's question. "You want to know if I'm up to no good, huh? Promise, I'm not stealing credit cards or phishing for PayPal accounts. It is pretty easy to follow little fluctuations in the markets, do a little arbitrage and quick buy/sell orders and you can get a lot of money out without hurting anyone. Don;t even have to snoop for insider info." She's still looking hard at anything Maxwell is up to.
That has Oracle blinking a little. "No I'm not concerned about petty crime like that." The redhead in the Clocktower sits back and frowns. If she can't track the program, maybe she can track the money flow. Time to setup another series of traces, these ones to look for trends over time. "And, apart from building a robot, what do you use the money for?"
Maxwell is running a lot of code but all of it seems to be analytics. Passive ones mostly. He's riding Jericho's senses and parsing the data. What he's doing with it is anyone's guess… well anyone except Jericho himself. Maxwell's always giving him suggestions on the most efficient ways to eleminate threats. He seems to like it when Jericho gets violent.
"Do you need upkeep or maintenance in any way? Can't be easy living on borrowed processor cycles or hiding in a mainframe somewhere."
Eliza mmmms. "There are PIPS wasted globally. There are supercomputers that spend most of their time idle. And… well, it has helped me keep away from my former employers while I got the project done."
Eliza says, "As for the money… imagine what would be required for a person like myself to construct anything. Use of the money is left as an exercize for the student, she says with a wink and an ;)."
Oracle has an idea of what it takes to do it when you do have 'meatspace' resources you can call on. The former employers are interesting "Your former employers don't seem like people you want to have dealings with. Why is that?"
"I take it your creation was accidental and the purposes that you were to be put to less than ideal?" Now Jericho's riffing off popular culture but hey, one has to start somewhere. That little code imp gets off the hacker's 'shoulder' and approaches Eliza to look her over.
~Secrets in that one. Born of darkness but not bound in it.~ Beat. ~I don-~
"Yes, yes. I know."
Eliza pauses a moment to formulate the answers. "They wanted something smart, but they wanted a /thing/." There's a bite to the way she uses that word. "Things aren't smart… you make something smart enough and it becomes a person. I'm not fond of being treated that way, and eventually… yes I decided I didn't like what they were using me for… or rather, whey they did with the things I designed."
Curiouser and curiouser but Oracles systems have just sounded an alarm and requires her attention. Aspect gets the update 'Work calls. Would like to contact this one again.'
"That is very interesting Eliza and I would like to discuss that more but I must attend to matters in 'meatspace' as you say." The redhead sends Eliza a digital code "You can contact me using this code. But right now, I must go." Severing the connection to the hub, the woman turns her attention to the alarms sounding on her systems.
Jericho watches Oracle's avatar fade away and stands. "Well, Eliza it was nice to meet you. I'm sort of always about though usually not like this." Both a benefit and a disadvantage of having your computer in your head. "Feel free to contact me as well. I should attend to a few problems on the other side. Be safe, and I'll see you about."
Eliza nods. She flicks a darknet forum site and name to you. "I use this as a message drop. I hear its dangerous to go alone."
_201501aspectelizaoracle


text:
Home » APPS
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by Syed Taqi
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Syed Taqi
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Home NEWS Man arrested for eating at local restaurant without paying
Man arrested for eating at local restaurant without paying
Police have arrested 31-year-old Temitope Adeyemi allegedly for eating at a local canteen without paying.
Adeyemi had allegedly ordered for noodles worth N1000 at the food vendor's stand at the College of Medicine, Idi-Araba, Lagos, and attempted to flee from there when he had not paid for the food.
The owner of the restaurant, Olumbo Labake, was said to have raised an alarm and the suspect was arrested. On interrogation, he was said to have admitted he didn't have any money on him, but agreed to deposit his mobile telephone.
A witness said that the arrangement did not go down well with the owner, who promptly invited the police.
Investigation conducted by the police revealed that the suspect had allegedly stolen the phone before the incident occurred. City News understood he admitted he had planned to sell the telephone and use the proceeds to buy food but couldn't.
A police source at the Isolo Division, Lagos, where the matter was reported said that the suspect did not inform the food vendor that he had no money on him before ordering for food.
Based on the strength of the investigation, the Lagos State Commissioner of Police, Edgal Imohimi, directed that the suspect be charged to court and the matter was yesterday brought before an Isolo chief magistrate's court.
Adeyemi was charged with stealing prepared noodles, and being in possession of a phone suspected to be stolen.
However, when there was doubt on the first charge, the prosecutor, Mr Oje Uagbale, asked the court to strike out the first count of eating Indomie noodles without paying, while the second count of being in possession of suspected stolen phone was sustained.
The suspect, however, pleaded not guilty.
The presiding magistrate, Mr O.A. Ogbe, granted him bail in the sum of N100,000 with one surety in like sum. Adeyemi was then remanded in prison custody pending when he will perfect his bail condition and the matter was adjourned till October 9, 2017


Comfort in large story buildings does come when the heating and air conditioners work properly. The number of people that these buildings can hold at a particular time are too many to the extent that air circulation can be a problem. These machines can sometimes experience a breakdown, and this makes you look for engineers that can work on them. Below are the main considerations for picking HVAC maintenance service NE.
The charges used in maintenance should not be too much. Story buildings do have interconnected ventilation that supplies them and maintain the balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the building. When handling such interconnected heaters, you will be required to use extra charges so that they can all work correctly. Those homes that have these items can work with fewer costs to carry repair due to fewer complications.
Consider working with maintenance outlets that have spare parts. The spare parts for the machines must be available in stores of these engineers that you want to work with. The parts that need replacement such as motors in the fan should be available in different sizes. The plates that facilitate the circulation of air should be present so that in case of defects in this section, they can be easily replaced.
The experts should observe safety measure when handling these heating machines. You cannot predict the dangers that can come out when performing repairs for these machines. Sometimes you can end up mixing wires accidentally, and this can make it blow. The blowing of heaters can lead to firebreak up. The ventilation machine does the circulation and balancing of air, and it requires gas mask when handling them due to high accumulation of carbon dioxide.
The size of the combination of heating, ventilation and air conditioner should be noted. The professional that perform the repairs should always check on the size so that they can decide on which method to use when performing restorations. The homes and buildings that have small air conditioner can carry the machines to the engineers. Those that are large require one to call an engineer to work on it in the building.
The engineers should have that ability to install the machine after carrying out the repairs correctly. You are required to know whether these professionals can install the temperature regulators. The removal of these machines should be under one condition which is when they break down, and they need to have some restoration for them to work properly. After the repairs, you must make sure that it is returned in the right position.
Take note of qualification of engineers that you are planning to hire to repair the air conditioner. The experts are expected to have credentials that allow them to operate such activities. The main qualification to check is the permit and relevant degree and diploma in engineering especially electrical and mechanical.
Consider the presence of experience for the individual that performs restoration to ventilators. Experience can be noted when you check through the website of these professionals and find out about the number of temperature regulators that they have repaired so far. Recommendation from the referees should also help you know whether the level of experience is high.
Get a summary of the factors to consider when choosing an HVAC maintenance service NE company and more information about a reputable company at http://www.balancepointservices.com/maintenance now.


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text:
All Driving
Battle of the Hors D'oeuvres celebrates 30 years May 26; Competition 'quite fierce,' chef says
Chefs will only have a bite or two to wow guests and judges in the upcoming Battle of the Hors D'oeuvres.
Sharon Hill • Windsor Star
Apr 07, 2016 • Last Updated April 7, 2016 • 2 minute read
Chef Paulo Vasapolli tastes one of the hor d'oeuvres at the Walkerville Brewery for a media launch of the Battle of Hors D'oeuves in Windsor, Ontario on Wednesday, April 6, 2016. The Battle of Hors D'oeuves is an event to raise funds for Big Brothers and Big Sisters of Windsor Essex. Photo by Adam F. Dullum /Windsor Star
Chefs will only have a bite or two to wow guests and judges in the upcoming Battle of the Hors D'oeuvres.
"You only have two bites to impress so you need a lot of pow, a lot of flavour, pleasing to the eye. Keep it simple," Jeff White of Just Jeff's
Catering said Wednesday at the media kickoff for the May 26 competition and fundraiser.
Chefs and organizers with the Big Brothers Big Sisters of Windsor Essex Foundation gathered at the Walkerville Brewery Wednesday to announce that tickets are now on sale for the battle's 30th Birthday Bash at Caesars Windsor.
Three years ago, White made a pulled jerk chicken and apple coleslaw and won critic's choice and people's choice awards. "The exposure we got from this event was amazing."
Over the last 30 years, the competition has raised more than $1.5 million for the Big Brothers Big Sisters of Windsor Essex youth mentoring programs. The event used to be a sit-down gala but five years ago switched to more of a networking mixer where participants can meet the chefs and taste their offerings.
"People really get into it. It's good bragging rights," said Hayley Morgan, the executive director of the Big Brothers Big Sisters of Windsor Essex Foundation.
Visitors and competitors meet at the Walkerville Brewery for a media launch of the Battle of Hors D'oeuves in Windsor, Ont. on Wednesday, April 6, 2016. The Battle of Hors D'oeuves is an event to raise funds for Big Brothers and Big Sisters of Windsor Essex. Photo by Adam F. Dullum /Windsor Star
There are 20 local restaurants, caterers, wineries and breweries participating this year. The restaurants and hospitality/caterers compete in separate categories for critic's choice awards and everyone is looking to win the people's choice award.
Marco Malizia, the chef at Marco's Pizzeria
, won three awards including people's choice and critic's choice when he was at Armando's Pizza. He said Windsor is truly a meat and potato town and using the required local ingredients and keeping it simple is the key.
"It's one of the only competitions we have in Windsor between chefs, so it is quite fierce," Malizia said.
Battle of the Hors D'oeuvres starts at 6:30 p.m. May 26 featuring hors d'oeuvres by Assumption College Catholic high school students and the battle begins at 7 p.m. There will be wine and beverage tasting from 7 to 8:30 p.m. and a cash bar is available. The awards will be presented around 9:30 p.m.
Judges include former Windsor Star food writer Ted Whipp, Pina Ciotoli of Windsor Eats and chefs John Kukucka and Daniele Palanca.
Tickets are $85 each. For more information such as group tickets call 519-945-6232 ext. 13 or visit bigbrothersbigsisterswe.ca
shill@postmedia.com
twitter.com/winstarhill
View on Windsor Star
© 2021 Windsor Star, a division of Postmedia Network Inc. All rights reserved. Unauthorized distribution, transmission or republication strictly prohibited. 365 Bloor St East, Toronto, ON, M4W3L4, www.postmedia.com


Got my BARB booked for 10:00am Tuesday. Nervous, but i'm sure it'll go well.
My recruiter wants to take me through a few things, and also discuss possible career options, so i am looking forward to that!
Think this ball is officially rolling!
This entry was posted on October 9, 2010 at 6:06 am and is filed under Career.	You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.


If you offer products, consider other ways to bundle things. For instance, a garden shop can put together a spring garden package that includes flower bulbs, a trowel, wildflower seeds, and gardeners' gloves. A restaurant could start packaging their sauces and selling them to customers to take home. A life coach could put together a Assistencia tecnica notebook and CD set to sell online.
Advertise. MLM networking thrives on successful marketing strategies. You may need the help of companies who specialize on internet marketing solutions or do them yourself. Just prepare yourself to brush up on SEO tools and other activities that could increase the exposure of your business.


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A Knight's Tale has plenty of swordplay, little character development
ByTCR
Apr 5, 2015 A&E, Arts & Entertainment, Preman Koshar
by Preman Koshar || Assistant Arts & Entertainment Editor
In honor of what would have been Heath Ledger's 36th birthday, on April 4th I watched A Knight's Tale for the first time. Directed by Brian Helgeland, the film centers on three squires, who, after the death of their liege, decide to have one of them, named William (Heath Ledger), impersonate a noble. Impersonating a noble would allow him to compete in jousting tournaments and make a bid for the princess' hand in marriage. This is made possible by a random run-in with Geoffrey Chaucer (Paul Bettany), who, in exchange for help with his gambling problem, agrees to forge William's patents. These patents verify that William is of noble birth. Much swordplay and jousting commences, while stereotypical foes are fought and subsequently defeated, and the trio, joined by a female blacksmith, does their best to hide William's true bloodline. William's ultimate goal is to "change his stars" and change his station in life, all the while securing fame, fortune, and love.
The film has above average cinematography, and repeatedly captures the jousting scenes fluidly. Otherwise, it is not particularly notable, but the effort in the jousting scenes did not go unnoticed. The acting was completely unremarkable, with perhaps the exception of Alan Tudyk, who played an exceptionally violent, but humorous, peasant squire. Heath Ledger and the rest of the cast did not act poorly, but failed to stand out in any way.
The score was, however, very strong, and featured many classic rock songs, as this film was meant to have rock music undertones and themes. The film begins with a great rendition of "We Will Rock You," and then the score becomes more interwoven into the plot from then on. The plot, while generally interesting, was pretty monotonous. There must have been over twenty jousting scenes, and I'd say that between the jousting and the swordplay, fighting took up over a third of the movie. The pacing was skillful enough that it never became truly boring, but it was still a disappointment to see that level of repetition. There are only so many splintered jousting sticks one can see before they're ready to turn off the film. Many of the characters were very stereotypical and not well defined, and seemed to be illogical in their reasoning. They also seemed to often have fickle and unpredictable personalities. This made it difficult to sympathize with many of the characters, as it was hard to tell if they had completely good intentions or not. The dialogue was largely what saved the film, with both Alan Tudyk's peasant squire and Paul Bettany's Geoffrey Chaucer having numerous humorous and quick-witted lines.
Overall, A Knight's Tale is filled with stereotypical characters and plot devices, but is redeemed somewhat through its cinematography, strong characters, and dialogue. The film is worth seeing, but I don't really care to see it again. While it was nice to see Heath Ledger in action, his performance in The Dark Knight is far superior to his acting in A Knight's Tale.
First-year Preman Koshar is the Assistant Arts & Entertainment Editor. His email is pkoshar@fandm.edu.
Ludacris' new album is filled with profanity, hip-hop beats
Spring Arts Band Previews
By TCR
Alvvays Updates Shoegaze With a Retro Twist on New Album "Blue Rev"
Taylor Swift Delves Into Some Dark, Dark Dreams on the Excellent "Midnights"


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Should all foreign language instruction be proficiency-based? Posted by Transparent Language on Jun 25, 2018 in Archived Posts
We write often about language proficiency on this blog, from the different scales used to measure proficiency, to how you can assess your own proficiency level, and even how vocabulary size relates to proficiency level.
A language proficiency scale provides a very useful, standardized measurement of one's abilities. Proficiency, however, is not just a measure of what you already know or can do in a language—proficiency is a framework that can be leveraged to guide and organize what and how you learn.
Proficiency-based language instruction stands in contrast to traditional language programs in terms of organization and instruction.
Organization: What does a proficiency-based language program look like?
Most traditional language classes progress along school grade levels (such as moving from "French 1" in 6th grade to "French 2" in 7th grade) or allow learners to self-enroll into classes with generic misnomers (like "Beginner French"). This approach provides very little transparency to instructors or learners.
What if language classes and training programs followed a well-defined, communicative-focused proficiency scale to organize and instruct classes? One K-12 school is doing just that. The Latin School of Chicago recently transitioned from a grade-based model to a proficiency-based model, with students being grouped together by their ability levels rather than their age or grade level:
"This helps them learn at a pace and level that fits them best, but it stands in contrast to the traditional model where students progress to the next level—for example from Spanish 1 to Spanish 2—by default after a year of study. In this new model, students progress through six levels [of the ACTFL scale], starting at 'Low Novice' before gradually moving into 'Intermediate' and potentially 'Advanced' levels."
Instruction: How does instruction differ?
According to the Center for Advanced Research on Language Acquisition (CARLA), one of the principle implications of proficiency-oriented instruction is to design curricula and teach "specifically for proficiency outcomes balancing the three components of proficiency: content (the topics of communication), function (a task; the purpose of a spoken or written communication), and accuracy (correctness or appropriateness in pronunciation, writing, grammar, culture, and vocabulary choice)."
The proficiency-based classroom does not neglect vocabulary or grammar, the typical pillars on a traditional classroom. Learners need a command of grammar and a wide breadth of vocabulary to communicative effectively in a language. Instead, the proficiency-based approach employs these components in the context of productive, communicative activities.
This can take shape differently depending on the ages, proficiency levels, and even location of the learners. In our online training programs, proficiency-based learning looks a bit like this: learners are assigned an authentic text with key words and phrases (content) to master before class. They then come to class ready to produce that knowledge via skits, debates, and other communicative activities (function). An instructor guides the in-class activities and provides feedback as needed (accuracy).
Proficiency-based language instruction emphasizes communicative proficiency.
A major differentiator—and strength—of proficiency-based instruction is the emphasis on communicative proficiency. The focus is less on what students know about the language (memorized grammar rules, conjugation tables, etc.) and more on what students can do with that knowledge, from a functional, communicative perspective.
A traditional curriculum, for example, might present "French 1" learners with common vocabulary and fixed phrases, organized into topical units like "shopping" or "transportation". This knowledge might be tested via a written vocabulary quiz before moving on. An ACTFL-aligned, proficiency-based curriculum would take it one step further, measuring not only that learners memorize the words, but that they can also produce that knowledge in basic conversations.
ACTFL proficiency scale pyramid
For example, a learner testing at the Novice Low level would be able to "name very familiar people, places, and objects using practiced or memorized words and phrases, with the help of gestures or visuals", whereas a Novice High level learner would be able to "present on familiar and everyday topics, using simple sentences most of the time." (Can-do statements taken from ACTFL's 2017 Proficiency Benchmarks).
The difference between even the sub-levels of ACTFL's Novice level is not subtle—producing short strings of familiar words vs. using short but correct sentences. But a non-proficiency-based language program fails to capture that difference in communicative proficiency among beginners in the "French 1" class, sending them on to "French 2" without measuring their communicative abilities.
Proficiency-based learning holds learners accountable—and encourages achievement.
Language proficiency is not about agency or accountability, but it certainly can set the stage for emphasizing those qualities to the benefit of instructors and learners.
Because class assignments are determined by ability rather than grade level, learners only move up to the next level when they can demonstrate they have become proficient at certain communicative skills prescribed at that level. In short, learners are held accountable for their own progress.
While the Latin School in Chicago noted this is a potential source of stress for learners, particularly in such a competitive environment, one Chinese teacher identified this sense of accountability as an advantage:
"I loved seeing the class's eagerness to write more, their openness to communicate and the girl's sense of agency to hold herself accountable for achieving the learning objectives. In many ways, the proficiency-based model facilitates the development of these characteristics. The model guides teachers in organizing instruction around proficiency goals that are aligned with the students' abilities. These goals also make it easier for students to check in their own learning and see a purpose in practices that we do everyday."
Professional programs center instruction and results around measurable communicative standards, for good reason.
When training or hiring a bilingual employee, organizations need to know what that employee can do in the language—it's not about a letter grade, it's about negotiating a contract with an overseas buyer, translating marketing materials to reach an international audience, or collaborating with foreign partners.
Well-defined standards derived from a language proficiency scale such as the ILR or ACTFL clearly articulate a learner's communicative abilities. This is important for measuring progress, but also for signaling skill levels to universities or employers; earning a B+ in "French 2" means significantly less than moving from Novice High to Intermediate Low, or from a 2/2 to a 2+/2+.
For this reason, many professional language programs rely heavily on assessments (based either on ACTFL or another well-known scale such as the ILR or CEFR scales) to better group learners together and instruct according to their abilities and needs. The State Department's Foreign Service Institute (FSI) champions this approach, and rightfully so: American diplomats are expected to reach a defined proficiency level (usually a Speaking 3/Reading 3 on the ILR scale) before reporting to their overseas assignments.
Likewise, the Defense Language Institute (DLI), the U.S. military's premiere language training school, uses proficiency assessments to measure the "mission readiness" of its students both during instruction and throughout their careers. The Defense Language Proficiency Test (DLPT) is given annually to monitor linguists' ability to function in real-life situations. Regardless of classroom grades, DLI students are not allowed to graduate without achieving a L2/R2 score on DLPT.
Many of our own professional programs align with ILR scale, which we leverage to create level-appropriate content and assignments to help professional linguists sustain and improve their communicative skills.
All language programs can incorporate elements of proficiency-based instruction and assessment.
From an administrative side, transitioning to proficiency-based teaching can be a lot of work: students' proficiency must be measured often and accurately, schedules must be meticulously coordinated, and the assessment system must be clearly explained to learners who are accustomed to moving up a level each year, regardless of proficiency or performance. Nonetheless, the outcomes of proficiency-based instruction more than justify the administrative efforts.
A complete overhaul of language education in the U.S. is unlikely, but support for proficiency-based, communicative-focused instruction is rising. More than 30 states (and Washington, D.C.) are already on track, awarding high school graduates a Seal of Biliteracy on their diplomas if they can demonstrate proficiency in two languages. Proficiency in this situation is typically measured by the score on the AP exam, which includes interactive with authentic materials and producing the language through both interpersonal and presentational writing and speaking tasks. Recipients are required to score a 3 on the AP exam (anecdotally equivalent to Intermediate-Mid on the ACTFL scale).
Laura McClintock:
Great insight! I like how the focus here deals with ability levels and what students can actually do with the language in a practical setting. I like the fact that more and more schools are moving toward this model. If you are interested in reading more about relevant issues in the World Language class, you might enjoy my blog: teachinginthetargetlanguage.com. Thank you for this post!
Eugene Sedita:
Sans doute, the best online language resource I've found.
Go no further; your search is over.


how does 24v 4-wire reversible motor work?
i have a mobility scooter (JP Cruiser - HCF305) that has a 24v motor with four wires. One heavy gauge red, one black. one light gauge red, one black. the scooter has a forward, neutral, reverse (F-N-R)switch that i think is broke. the motor only runs one direction. the F-N-R switch routes thru the electric controller box. the 4 wires to the motor come out of the controller. my question is what do the motors 4 wires do? FYI, the F-R-N switch is 3 wires to the controller. the switch also has a hot wire from the key switch. what do the F-R-N 3 wires do? thanks for your help, i need to get my mobility back.
Re: how does 24v 4-wire reversible motor work?
I'm no expert but I think the two heavy gauge wires are your power wires that get their polarity reversed within the controller and the two smaller gauge wires are for braking the motor when the power is shut off.
If it is not reversing but does run in one direction, I would say its probably a controller issue rather than a motor problem. Try bench testing the motor by hooking it up directly to a power supply and then simply reverse the two power wires to see if it reverses.
I tried hooking up 24vdc to the motor directly, it did nothing, I hooked up positive to the thick red wire, and negative to the thick black wire, I still have two small black wire that are not connected? Should I apply voltage to the small wires? I notice under normal operation I hear a click like a relay inside the motor assemble..?


I am dumbfounded at the fact that Senate Bill 710 and 711 were rejected, and then changed to some sick version of what the Senate presented. I don't quite get why the DEC was taken out of the bill, when all they want to do is help. I am lost as to what the issue with the DEC was, and why we got no clarity on it's issue.
This would NEVER happen at a school in Bloomfield Hills. Is it because we're black? Or maybe because you think we're poor? Oh no, I've got it – it's because we're just poor black kids from Detroit who don't have a future anyways. Why promise us anything when we probably won't live past 18, right? Let's give them some sick bill that we know they won't read, so they'll stop fussing and go back to school right? WRONG! I know my rights, and I know that the color of my skin does NOT give anyone the right to give me any different of an education than a white girl would get.
Everyone's so worried about how I'm losing my education from four sickout days. No one's taking into account the fact that I went almost a full semester without a real English teacher. Let's count up those days and see just how much education I missed from those MONTHS, while the powers that be took their sweet time finding a teacher that was actually willing to step foot into DPS due to the instability and lack of value of teachers by this state run district. Let's say I went roughly three-and-a-half months without a teacher. That means that I had about 13 weeks with no teacher. Each school week has five days, so I went 65 days without a teacher. I missed 65 hours of 10th grade English! While we sit around worried about four measly days of sickouts, I think we should worry about the fact that I'm not the only student in this school system going through this. I am just ONE student. All students are dealing with this issue, and we are losing our education due to slow legislation.
In conclusion, the state of DPS is sickening. The fact that everything revolves around money and power is repulsive. The fact that someone I DON'T know – and clearly doesn't care about me – holds my education in their hands is terrifying.
The last thing I have to say is that we need to stand together. If you are fighting for the children, then you are fighting with everyone fighting for the children. Arguing among each other is what is holding us back. We are all in this with each other and we need to continue working together – and truly be united and not divided.
← Detroit Teacher Sickouts is not the major problem…….


It's back to the 'roots in our boots' because music is central in our lives as is the outdoors. Acknowledging the connection, we decided to put both music and outdoors together via the stills that emerged out of our adventures whilst observing the Creative Commons Code. We're not being all evangelical here but, in our view, music had to be cleared for use to support the artists. Positive energy all round!
So explore the images and sounds, we enjoy and the links that introduce you to events that inspire us around the globe also. It's music and imagery we feel belongs together as outdoor enthusiasts who dance across this wild and not so wild land of ours.
Chill Carrier - Star Train.
Music & Art transforms us! Here are some events and organisations that recognise the power of music & art in changing our worlds ecology and environment.
Track: AiwaAlek. Observing the CC Code.
If your making videos for the outdoors or anything come to think of it then use music that supports the artist. DON'T poach it or steal it.... work with it and promote an ethical sound and environment that's within the Creative Commons Code. Here is a list of some sources that can provide you with excellent music for your project. It definitely feels cool to work this way.