text:
package com.oracle.tutorial.jdbc;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.sql.BatchUpdateException;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Savepoint;
import java.sql.Statement;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import java.util.Set;

import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.xpath.*;

import org.w3c.dom.Document;

import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;

import org.xml.sax.SAXException;

public class ProductInformationTable {

  private String dbName;
  private Connection con;
  private String dbms;

  public ProductInformationTable(Connection connArg, String dbNameArg, String dbmsArg) {
    super();
    this.con = connArg;
    this.dbName = dbNameArg;
    this.dbms = dbmsArg;

  }

  public void populateTable(String fileName) throws SQLException,
                                                   ParserConfigurationException,
                                                   SAXException, IOException,
                                                   XPathExpressionException {
    javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory factory =
      javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
    // factory.setNamespaceAware(true);
    factory.setNamespaceAware(true);
    DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder();
    Document doc = builder.parse(fileName);

    XPathFactory xPathfactory = XPathFactory.newInstance();

    XPath xPath = xPathfactory.newXPath();

    NodeList nodes = (NodeList) xPath.evaluate(
      "/coffee-product-information/item[coffee = 'Columbian']",
      doc,
      XPathConstants.NODESET);

    for (int i = 0; i < nodes.getLength(); i++) {
      Node currentNode = nodes.item(i);
      // Retrieve the description element

      currentNode.normalize();

      if (currentNode == null) {
        System.out.println("Current node is null");
      }

//      System.out.println(currentNode.getTextContent());

      Node descriptionNode = (Node) xPath.evaluate(
        "description",
        currentNode,
        XPathConstants.NODE);

      if (descriptionNode == null) {
        System.out.println("DescriptionNode is null");
      } else {

        System.out.println(descriptionNode.getTextContent());

        NodeList descriptionNodeChildren = descriptionNode.getChildNodes();
        System.out.println("Description node has " + descriptionNodeChildren.getLength() + " child nodes");
        Node descNodeChild = descriptionNode.getFirstChild();
        System.out.println("Only child node type: " + descNodeChild.getNodeType());
      }

//      System.out.println("Description: " + descriptionNode.getNodeValue());

      // System.out.println(nodes.item(i).getNodeValue());
    }

  }

  public void createTable() throws SQLException {
    String createString = "create table PRODUCT_INFORMATION" +
    "  (COF_NAME varchar(32) NOT NULL," +
    "  INFO clob NOT NULL," +
    "  FOREIGN KEY (COF_NAME) REFERENCES COFFEES (COF_NAME))";

    Statement stmt = null;
    try {
      stmt = con.createStatement();
      stmt.executeUpdate(createString);
    } catch (SQLException e) {
      JDBCTutorialUtilities.printSQLException(e);
    } finally {
      if (stmt != null) { stmt.close(); }
    }
  }

  public void dropTable() throws SQLException {
    Statement stmt = null;
    try {
      stmt = con.createStatement();
      if (this.dbms.equals("mysql")) {
        stmt.executeUpdate("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS PRODUCT_INFORMATION");
      } else if (this.dbms.equals("derby")) {
        stmt.executeUpdate("DROP TABLE PRODUCT_INFORMATION");
      }
    } catch (SQLException e) {
      JDBCTutorialUtilities.printSQLException(e);
    } finally {
      if (stmt != null) { stmt.close(); }
    }
  }

  public static void main(String[] args) {

    JDBCTutorialUtilities myJDBCTutorialUtilities;
    Connection myConnection = null;

    if (args[0] == null) {
      System.err.println("Properties file not specified at command line");
      return;
    } else {
      try {
        myJDBCTutorialUtilities = new JDBCTutorialUtilities(args[0]);
      } catch (Exception e) {
        System.err.println("Problem reading properties file " + args[0]);
        e.printStackTrace();
        return;
      }
    }

    try {
//      myConnection = myJDBCTutorialUtilities.getConnection();

      // Java DB does not have an SQL create database command; it does require createDatabase
      /*
      JDBCTutorialUtilities.createDatabase(myConnection,
                                           myJDBCTutorialUtilities.dbName,
                                           myJDBCTutorialUtilities.dbms);

      JDBCTutorialUtilities.initializeTables(myConnection,
                                             myJDBCTutorialUtilities.dbName,
                                             myJDBCTutorialUtilities.dbms);
      */

      ProductInformationTable myProductInformationTable =
        new ProductInformationTable(myConnection, myJDBCTutorialUtilities.dbName,
                         myJDBCTutorialUtilities.dbms);

      myProductInformationTable.populateTable("xml/coffee-information.xml");

    } catch (SQLException e) {
      JDBCTutorialUtilities.printSQLException(e);
    } catch (Exception ex) {
      ex.printStackTrace();
    }
    finally {
      JDBCTutorialUtilities.closeConnection(myConnection);
    }

  }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Any user can alter an event defined on a database for which that user has the EVENT privilege. When a user executes a successful ALTER EVENT statement, that user becomes the definer for the affected event.
It is possible to change multiple characteristics of an event in a single statement. This example changes the SQL statement executed by myevent to one that deletes all records from mytable; it also changes the schedule for the event such that it executes once, one day after this ALTER EVENT statement is run.
Specify the options in an ALTER EVENT statement only for those characteristics that you want to change; omitted options keep their existing values. This includes any default values for CREATE EVENT such as ENABLE.
The ON SCHEDULE clause may use expressions involving built-in MySQL functions and user variables to obtain any of the timestamp or interval values which it contains. You cannot use stored routines or user-defined functions in such expressions, and you cannot use any table references; however, you can use SELECT FROM DUAL. This is true for both ALTER EVENT and CREATE EVENT statements. References to stored routines, user-defined functions, and tables in such cases are specifically not permitted, and fail with an error (see Bug #22830).
Although an ALTER EVENT statement that contains another ALTER EVENT statement in its DO clause appears to succeed, when the server attempts to execute the resulting scheduled event, the execution fails with an error.
To execute the previous statement, the user executing it must have the EVENT privilege on both the olddb and newdb databases.
There is no RENAME EVENT statement.
The value DISABLE ON SLAVE is used on a replication slave instead of ENABLE or DISABLE to indicate an event that was created on the master and replicated to the slave, but that is not executed on the slave. Normally, DISABLE ON SLAVE is set automatically as required; however, there are some circumstances under which you may want or need to change it manually. See Section 17.4.1.16, "Replication of Invoked Features", for more information.


The Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE) announces the following changes in S&P Sri Lanka 20 index constituents made by S&P Dow Jones Indices at the 2018 year-end index rebalance.
The exclusions and inclusions as announced by S&P Dow Jones Indices, effective from 24 December 2018 (after the market close of 21 December 2018) are presented below in alphabetical order.
The S&P SL 20 index includes the 20 largest companies, by total market capitalization, listed on the CSE that meet minimum size, liquidity and financial viability thresholds. The constituents are weighted by float-adjusted market capitalization, subject to a single stock cap of 15%, which is employed to reduce single stock concentration.
The S&P SL 20 index has been designed in accordance with international practices and standards. All stocks are classified according to the Global Industry Classification Standard (GICS®), which was co-developed by S&P Dow Jones Indices and MCSI and is widely used by market participants throughout the world.
Effective from 24 December 2018 the stocks in the S&P Sri Lanka 20 in alphabetical order are as follows.


If you purchase 5 reflexology treatments you will receive the 6th one for free!
Reflexology can benefit a woman at every stage of her pregnancy, from conception through all three trimesters, during labour and even after giving birth.
Pregnancy can be a very stressful time and reflexology is known to reduce anxiety and encourage the body to switch off the 'fight or flight' hormones.
Regular reflexology treatments throughout pregnancy will support mothers-to-be by helping them to relax, de-stress and to offer them a short time away from busy lives to connect with their changing body and growing baby.
It is safe to receive reflexology throughout all three trimesters as this non-invasive therapy can help promote optimal health and well being.
While there are currently no studies that show reflexology to be effective at encouraging the beginning of labour, the treatment is known to reduce stress levels and aide relaxation. The medical profession is very clear that fear can inhibit the natural onset of labour, so reducing anxiety will be beneficial.
From 37 weeks onwards special reflexes are stimulated that encourage the body to prepare for the beginning of the birth process.


text:
Livestreaming Now
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The Chamber Music Society of Lincoln Center.
CMS at 50
In Conversation with John Cori…
In Conversation with John Corigliano
CMS is excited to celebrate award-winning composer John Corigliano's 80th birthday on the upcoming New Music concert Thursday, November 8. Born and raised in Brooklyn, he is the son of musicians (pianist Rose Buzen and John Corigliano Sr., the concertmaster of the New York Philharmonic, among others). In the following videos, Mr. Corigliano discusses his prolific career as a composer, teacher, and his Soliloquy for Clarinet and String Quartet that will be performed at CMS.
John Corigliano talks about his work Soliloquy for Clarinet and String Quartet.
What does a composer need to compose?
John Corigliano talks influences and how he's evolved as a composer.
What is architectural composing?
John Corigliano selected some of his own works that he feels best represent him and his style. See which works he chose in this specially-curated Spotify playlist.
Buy Tickets to the 9:00 PM Concert
Watch the Livestream
Attend the 9:00 PM New Music Concert
Watch the New Music Livestream
Support CMS
Video & Audio Help
中文信息
© 2020 The Chamber Music Society of Lincoln Center
All Rights Reserved. The Chamber Music Society of Lincoln Center is a registered 501(c)(3) organization. For Tax-Exempt ID# requests, please call 212-875-5775.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


October 31, 2017 Huntington Beach, CA Advance Storage Products, a premier structural rack manufacturer, has partnered with the Clearfield Job Corps Center in Clearfield, UT to bring students in for on-the-job training in welding. Advance has brought in more than 30 students since January and 90% have gone on to secure full-time welding positions. After appropriate safety training, students work alongside welders to gain experience working on actual company products. Two of the students have become full-time employees at Advance.
Advance Storage Products Products has served the materials handling industry for over 45 years. Providing design, engineering, and project management for a full line of substantial material handling installations, Advance is a market leader in quality warehouse rack systems.
Job Corps is a no-cost education and career technical training program administered by the U.S. Department of Labor that helps young people ages 16 to 24 improve the quality of their lives through career technical and academic training. Job corps teaches technical skills in trades such as auto mechanics, brick laying, carpentry, machining, welding and others. The Job Corps program is authorized by Title I-C of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act of 2014. For more information about Clearfield Job Corps Center in Utah, call (801) 416-4690 or visit www.clearfield.jobcorps.gov, and for information about the national Job Corps program, please visit www.jobcorps.gov/.


1A great sign appeared in heaven: a woman clothed with the sun, with the moon under her feet and a crown of twelve stars on her head. 2She was pregnant and cried out in pain as she was about to give birth. 3Then another sign appeared in heaven: an enormous red dragon with seven heads and ten horns and seven crowns on its heads. 4Its tail swept a third of the stars out of the sky and flung them to the earth. The dragon stood in front of the woman who was about to give birth, so that it might devour her child the moment he was born. 5She gave birth to a son, a male child, who "will rule all the nations with an iron scepter."#12:5 Psalm 2:9 And her child was snatched up to God and to his throne. 6The woman fled into the wilderness to a place prepared for her by God, where she might be taken care of for 1,260 days.
7Then war broke out in heaven. Michael and his angels fought against the dragon, and the dragon and his angels fought back. 8But he was not strong enough, and they lost their place in heaven. 9The great dragon was hurled down — that ancient serpent called the devil, or Satan, who leads the whole world astray. He was hurled to the earth, and his angels with him.
13When the dragon saw that he had been hurled to the earth, he pursued the woman who had given birth to the male child. 14The woman was given the two wings of a great eagle, so that she might fly to the place prepared for her in the wilderness, where she would be taken care of for a time, times and half a time, out of the serpent's reach. 15Then from his mouth the serpent spewed water like a river, to overtake the woman and sweep her away with the torrent. 16But the earth helped the woman by opening its mouth and swallowing the river that the dragon had spewed out of his mouth. 17Then the dragon was enraged at the woman and went off to wage war against the rest of her offspring — those who keep God's commands and hold fast their testimony about Jesus.


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"If only those who dream about Hollywood knew how difficult it all is."
Movies.com > Bridge to Terabithia
Rated: thematic elements including bullying, some peril and mild language
Genres: Action/Adventure, Drama, Family, Sci-Fi/Fantasy
Director:Gabor Csupo
Cast:Josh Hutcherson, AnnaSophia Robb, Zooey Deschanel, Robert Patrick, Bailee Madison. Full cast + crew
From the producers of and the mind of author Katherine Paterson comes a rousing fantasy adventure about family, friendship, and the wondrous power of imagination. A perpetual outsider both at home and at school, Jess Aarons (Josh Hutcherson) just never seems to fit in no matter how hard he tries. When his goal to become the fastest runner in middle school is...more
Movies.com Critics
Dave White Profile
Your Movies.com Man at the Multiplex
Dave White's first movie review was of the animated feature Snoopy Come Home. He was seven years old...Read full profile
… smart, moving …
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Grae Drake Profile
Grae Drake
Movie maven about town
Grae Drake began her love affair with cinema as a wee bairn, as she spent every weekend corralling her friends over to the local...Read full profile
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Other Critics
74 out of 100 Metascore®
Generally favorable reviews
All Bridge to Terabithia photos
Robert Patrick
All Bridge to Terabithia cast + crew photos
The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe
The Adventures of Baron Munchausen
A Kid in King Arthur's Court


1. New paint formulations: Most of our AluNatur colors can, from Q3, 2018 only be delivered in a new specification.
AluNatur shows the pure metal aesthetics of aluminum. The metal substrate shines through the transparent coating.
Especially when a brushed substrate is used this gives a beautiful, raw look to the surface. This effect can be seen in image 1. A non brushed surface is shown in image 2. When the transparant paint layer is filled with a minimum of pigments, the color becomes semi transparant. This can be done for light colors. Dark colors are difficult because that affects the transparency of the paint layer.
The visibility of the metal substrate is only possible without a primer layer. This affects the durability of AluNatur finishes and leads to lower warranty periods than comparable non-transparent systems. Irregularities and color differences in the bare material are shown. Final coated product can slightly vary from sample. Order projects in one batch to minimize color differences. This is a primer-less coating system; no end-use in heavy industrial / corrosive environments. Strictly > 1.500 meters from saltwater sources.


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Tag: Jim Henson Company
John Henson, Son of Famed MUPPETS Creator, Dies at 48 – Broadway World
Broadway WorldThe Wrap reports that John Henson, son of famed Muppets creator Jim Henson, passed away on Friday, February 14th at the age of 48. According to a statement on…
Muppets creator Jim Henson's son dies of massive heart attack at age 48 – Daily Mail
Daily MailJohn Paul Henson, son of late Muppets creator Jim Henson, has died from a heart attack on Long Island home at age 48. According to a statement posted on…
John Henson — son of the iconic Jim Henson — dies of heart attack at age 48 – CNN
CNN(CNN) — John Henson — a son of the late, great children's entertainment visionary Jim Henson — died after a "sudden, massive heart attack," his family's company said. The Jim…
Jim Henson's Son John Dies at 48 – Seattle Post Intelligencer
Seattle Post IntelligencerJohn Henson, son of Muppets creator Jim Henson, passed away Friday. He was 48. The Jim Henson Company confirmed Henson's death on their Facebook page: "It is with…


A few years into my job working for Charlie Papazian, I had become a convert to the complexity, beauty, variety and excitement of beer. My predisposition towards crusading defined my career choices going forward. For nearly three decades I've been an advocate of better beer, craft beer, specialty beer—whatever you want to call our oldest beverage.
Furthermore, I came to adore the people that challenged the conventional beer world by starting the breweries that made these wonderful beverages. Along with these pioneers, I also became a fan of the old guard, those traditional breweries that had held on through the dark days, making great beer. These are just wonderful people to support and promote.
Now, as I travel the country, either in the flesh or in cyberspace, I marvel at the places where you can find great beers, at the people who are excited about these beers and the brewers making them. Everyday, I discover a new brand, a new brewery, a new brewer or a new beer joint. A week doesn't go by but I'm with a bunch of people tasting some great beers and talking about them.
The beer world is so exciting that I've caught myself doing an old foggy routine, telling a kid about the Bad Old Days when you had to drive hours if not days for a place that had great beer. ("Why, I had to drive to Richmond to get a good Belgian ale.") This kid told me that he couldn't stand his Dad's beers from breweries like Boston Beer, Sierra Nevada, Anchor and the like—all gold standards. No, instead he preferred the edgier beers. What a great country!
That got me thinking about how fortunate I am to have lived to see my dreams come true: how fortunate and how confused. Having been a crusader for so long, there is a sense of having lost my way. You see, it takes me only fifteen minutes and maybe $10 to be able to choose among a few hundred fabulous beers in the bottle or on draft—a far cry from the days of carrying great beers miles in the trunk of the car and doing my best to extend their life in cool, dark places around the house. The crusade is over. We have won. The Better Beer World was a fait accompli.
That is, until this holiday season started.
In the first week of festivities, at the first three big social events, I encountered beer-less receptions and dinner parties. Not bad beer, mind you, but beer-less. Each of these events came out of some arts-type organization, featuring pretty well-heeled attendees. And the wine was superb, just no beer. None.
As I'm sure you can imagine, I brought it up to the various hosts and was met with, well, not exactly disdain, but something akin to perplexity. One host commented that the only place to get good beer was at the Hofbrauhaus. I asked if they were referring to the one in Munich, Las Vegas, Pittsburgh or Cincinnati. They stared at me as if I were bonkers. Especially amusing since our state boasts one of the best German breweries and restaurants in the country.
There appears to be whole swaths of the community that are still inexperienced with the world of great beer. Whole swaths. So, the crusade continues.
This editorial originally appeared in the March 2011, Vol. 32, No. 1 issue.


text:
JUSTIFICATION FOR DATA WAIVING
No studies on the long-term reproductive toxicity to birds are available for the substance.
In Annex X Section 9.6.1 of Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006, it is laid down that any need for testing should be carefully considered taking into account the large mammalian dataset that is usually available at this tonnage level. In case of morpholine (CAS 110-91-8) a mammalian dataset is available. In addition, the hazard assessment of the substance reveals neither a need to classify the substance as hazardous according to Regulation EC 1272/2008 and its second adaptation 286/2011, nor is it a PBT or vPvB substance, nor are there any further indications that the substance may be hazardous to the environment.
The substance is not supposed to be directly applied to soil. An indirect exposure to soil via sewage sludge transfer is unlikely since the substance is readily biodegradable (for details see IUCLID Ch. 5.2.1). For a substance being considered as "readily biodegradable", it can be assumed that it will be biodegraded within the STP process and as a consequence a transfer to the soil compartment is not expected. Based on the low measured and estimated BCF values, bioaccumulation in organisms is not to be expected (see IUCLID Ch. 5.3.1).
Hence, secondary poisoning is of no concern.
Therefore, and for reasons of animal welfare, no tests on birds are performed.


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Battlefield Tech
© 2021 Sightline Media Group
C2/Comms
IT/Networks
Show Reporter
Ensuring space superiority in a digital environment
Peter Trainer
A still from a U.S. Space Force recruiting ad shows a service member in what appears to be an astronaut helmet. (U.S. Space Force)
The 2020 Defense Space Strategy states: "The DoD desires a secure, stable and accessible space domain, whose use by the U.S. and our allies and partners is underpinned by comprehensive, sustained military strength. U.S. allies and partners are increasingly interested in collaborating in the development of space capabilities, sharing space-related information and intelligence and partnering in space operations to secure access to, and ensure freedom of action in space."
Digital engineering environments, or DEE, as well as model-based systems engineering, or MBSE, will be critical in leveraging space capabilities and achieving the goals of the new United States Space Force. The significant demand for the integration and interoperability of mission systems and data across the Department of Defense, intelligence communities, our allies and partners is essential in supporting the Joint All-Domain Command and Control concept, or JADC2.
A collaborative DEE provides the ability to acquire, integrate and synthesize data from various sources in a secure, robust, resilient enterprise environment. DEE maximizes situational awareness across all domains by providing rapid access to data, enabling decisive and effective operations.
Satellites played a starring role at Project Convergence
To put it bluntly, the U.S. Army is not exactly known for its space savviness. But it's trying to change that as it prepares to face advanced adversaries in future conflicts.
Nathan Strout
It is imperative for us to align and integrate existing, stovepiped space missions, capabilities, and infrastructure as we evolve to transformative cloud-based, modular open architectures with software-enabled, service-based and networked strategic capabilities. Analyzing and understanding the relationships, the gaps/seams, and evolution of our vast and diverse systems will be a challenge.
DEE and MBSE provide the tool set required to link critical people, processes, digital tools, data, missions and infrastructure, creating a secure enterprise environment able to deliver assured capabilities to ensure U.S. space dominance. In order to develop, enhance, manage and sustain JADC2 system of systems — including associated technologies, organizational roles, responsibilities and affordability — the U.S. Space Force needs a unified architectural approach that supports operational flexibility and adaptability for current systems while facilitating integration of the future at the system-of-systems level.
I have seen firsthand how MBSE has been employed to develop a DEE. MBSE provides the framework to understand a system's physical, functional and behavioral parameters, supporting requirements development, cost-versus-capability trade-space exploration, design optimization, modeling/simulation/analysis, verification, and validation activities beginning in the conceptual design phase and continuing throughout development and later life-cycle phases into operations and sustainment.
Both organizational enterprise and weapon-system models are critical to the DEE. They enhance traditional engineering practices by incorporating modern tools and methods that link elements together with a digital thread, enabling more effective, efficient and comprehensive cost, schedule and performance analyses. This expedites day-to-day program management, engineering and integration tasks. Digital engineering not only aims to integrate all data related to a system across the entire life cycle — from inception to operations and sustainment — but also to bridge the business processes across all functional disciplines. This approach creates an unprecedented level of intradisciplinary collaboration and integration across the entire business enterprise.
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More specifically, the "space superiority" DEE approach requires a comprehensive enterprise architecture, or EA. The EA is much broader than engineering tools and their interfaces. It includes the enterprise strategic vision, capabilities, operational concepts, organizations and material solutions required to achieve MBSE adoption to the benefit of the war-fighting systems.
The EA framework embodies the strategy to execute and document integration event planning, decision-making, and resulting program and operational impacts. It includes the organizations' key performance parameters, measures of effectiveness and quality of service essential for mission success.
An enterprise consists of much more than a collection of individual systems of interest. An enterprise consists of a network of interdependent resources (e.g., people, processes, organizations, supporting technologies and funding). These elements interact with each other to coordinate functions, share information, allocate funding, create workflows and make decisions to achieve business and operational goals through a complex web distributed across geography and time. Most importantly, the model-based EA captures the evolution of the enterprise over time.
In summary, an EA simplifies and makes explicit the complicated relationships within the enterprise organization that are necessary to complete highly complex operational missions.
In the "space control" realm, weaving in current space situational awareness — including "Red and Blue Order of Battle" space assets, technical capabilities, global coverage, and orbital domains — with future requirements and threat data will deliver a high-fidelity, single, integrated space picture into the all-domain advanced battle management architecture.
The ultimate goal: a formidable, cyber-secure DEE operating across air, land, sea and space elements, enabling both new and legacy data to be collected, integrated, assessed and rapidly delivered to appropriate decision-makers to quickly respond to war-fighter needs to save lives and successfully execute joint domain missions.
The new chief of staff of the Air Force, Gen. Charles Brown Jr., pledged to build upon Gen. David Goldfein's top priority to create a JADC2 environment as well as work with industry to ensure space superiority. The chief of space operations, Gen. Jay Raymond, stated: "I want the [U.S. Space Force] to be the first digital service."
Developing a robust DEE enterprise will realize these priorities and deliver superior war-fighting capability by enabling collaborations and integrating military space capabilities into national, joint and combined air operations.
Peter Trainer is vice president and general manager of BAE Systems' Air Force Solutions business. He served as a U.S. Air Force officer, with assignments in space operations and support as well as in the Air Force secretary's legislative liaison staff. He retired as a colonel and at the time was working as senior individual mobilization augmentee to the director of the National Reconnaissance Office.
About Peter Trainer
How the DoD took on work-from-home- Actionable Intelligence
C4ISRNET reporter Andrew Eversden discusses how the Department of Defense took on work-from-home during the COVID-19 pandemic and what's next.
Defense Defined: What is electronic warfare?
Defense Defined: What are pseudosatellites?
The Pentagon's telework challenge
How the military can get more out of artificial intelligence
Jeff Kline, Scott Nestler and Harrison Schramm
Advancing AI leadership in the NDAA
Rep. Elise Stefanik
We need less jargon, more nuance in 2021
Mike Gruss
Embrace new ways to buy software or the Pentagon will fall behind
Bryan Clark and Dan Patt
National security is the defense industrial base's responsibility too
Les Buday
https://www.c4isrnet.com © 2021 Sightline Media Group


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The Perfect Mother cast: Who's in the Netflix show? Check Out The Latest Updates!
By Kimberly On Jun 2, 2022
The Perfect Mother will be accessible on Netflix in just a few days. Like Lies and Deceit or Anatomy of a Scandal, this is a must-see for everyone who enjoys the genre.
Adapted on a novel by Carol Noble and a screenplay by Thomas Boulle, Fred Garson directs The Perfect Mother, a French original series. It's based on Nina Darnton's novel of the same name, which was adapted for television.
When Helene learns that her daughter has been accused of murder, she sets out to clear her daughter's name as quickly as possible. It wasn't what Helene expected to discover, though, that has her questioning whether or not her daughter is truly innocent.
To learn more about the cast of a thriller series, just keep reading, since we've got the list right here for you!
The cast of The Perfect Mother
Helene Berg, the main character, is played by Julie Gayet. Gayet has been in a number of films, including 8 Times Up, Select Hotel, and The French Minister, which you may recognize.
Anya Berg, Helene's daughter, is played by Eden Ducourant. A guy was stabbed to death by Anya, but Helene refuses to believe that she could have done it. In addition to her work on Totems and Little Tickles, Ducourant has appeared in a number of other films and television shows as well.
Tomer Sisley portrays Helene's ex-boyfriend, Vincent Duc. Since Vincent is a lawyer, Helene asks him for aid in clearing her daughter's identity. Were the Millers, Sleepless Night, and Don't Look Up all included Sisley.
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Cast members are listed below from IMDb:
Playing Helene Berg in the film, Julie Gayet
In the role of Anya Berg, Eden Ducourant
Vincent Duc, played by Tomer Sisley
As Matthias Berg, Andreas Pietschmann portrays Andreas
Acting as Capt. Julien Mani, Capt. Cyril Gui
Franck is played by Sylvain Dieuaide.
Lukas Berg, played by Maxim Driesen, is a compelling character.
Mia is played by Emilia Noth.
starring Halima Ilter in the title role of Maryam
Hatik as a Bash.
The actress Ines Spiridonov takes on the role of Julie Gauthier in this scene.
Elisabeth Tirmont (Frederic Tirmont)
As La Psychologue, Clotilde Mollet takes the stage.
Claire Carnau is played by Vinciane Millereau.
In the role of Damien Carnau, Charles Crehange
Audrey Carnau is played by Eleonore Costes.
Kamal Mawasen is played by Julien Lopez.
Salahuddin Bala in the role of Mere de Farida
When and where can you see 'The Perfect Mother'?
The eagerly awaited four-part thriller mini-series "The Perfect Mother" will debut on Netflix in the United States at 3.01 a.m. Eastern Standard Time on June 3, 2022.
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"The Perfect Mother" focuses on what, exactly?
This film is based on Nina Darnton's novel of the same name and follows Helene Berg (Julie Gayet), a successful Berlin-based mother.
Her world is turned upside down when she receives a phone call from Anya, her daughter who has moved to Paris to pursue her studies. In a homicide investigation, Anya tells her mother that she is being investigated as a suspect.
Helene, certain of her daughter's innocence throughout the scenario, goes to great lengths to save her. When Helene and Vincent (Tomer Sisley) are able to work together, they uncover a slew of new evidence that points to her daughter as a criminal during this period of time.
How would Helene feel if her daughter was not completely innocent in this?
As the boundary between victim and offender blurs, a devout mother, convinced of her daughter's innocence in a crime, finds startling truths.
There will be four episodes of A Perfect Mother, a new TF1 miniseries that takes its cues from legal thrillers and family dramas to explore questions of society and the heroine, played by Julie Gayet, who learns that the world in which she raises her children is far more violent than it was thirty years ago.
Philipp Hildebrand Net Worth: An Eye On His Early Years, Career, Personal Life, And Much More!
Patrick Rothfuss Doors of Stone Release Date – Check Out The Latest Updates!


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Wojna 335-letnia (ang. Three Hundred and Thirty Five Years' War, hol. Driehonderdvijfendertigjarige Oorlog) – okres obejmujący lata od 1651 do 1986, w czasie którego wyspy Scilly znajdowały się w stanie wojny z Holandią. Wojna została wypowiedziana Scilly 30 marca 1651 przez admirała Maartena Trompa, w czasie jej oficjalnego trwania nie prowadzono żadnych działań wojennych. Pomimo pewnych wątpliwości co do tego czy wojna została wypowiedziana zgodnie z prawem i czy państwa znajdowały się w stanie wojny przez 335 lat, 17 kwietnia 1986 roku podpisano pokój kończący ten osobliwy konflikt.

Tło historyczne
Pod koniec II angielskiej wojny domowej wierne Stuartom siły rojalistów zostały prawie całkowicie wyparte z obszaru Królestwa Anglii. Ostatnim schronieniem dla okrętów marynarki rojalistów stały się wówczas wyspy Scilly, kontrolowane przez rojalistę Johna Grenville'a. W czasie wojny domowej Republika Zjednoczonych Prowincji stała po stronie Olivera Cromwella i jego "Okrągłych Głów" (parlamentarzystów) i stacjonujące na Scilly okręty rojalistów wielokrotnie atakowały żeglugę niderlandzką zadając jej ciężkie straty.

Wojna
30 marca 1651 holenderski admirał Maarten Tromp przybył na wyspy z dwunastoma okrętami (według niektórych ówczesnych źródeł z trzynastoma) domagając się zwrotu holenderskich statków i odszkodowania za poniesione straty. Rojaliści odmówili spełnienia żądań admirała i Tromp wypowiedział im wojnę w imieniu Niderlandów po czym pożeglował do Pendennis Castle. W czerwcu 1651 na wyspę przybyła licząca 20 okrętów flota parlamentarzystów pod dowództwem admirała Roberta Blake'a mająca na pokładzie dziewięć kompanii piechoty. Siły Blake'a szybko zdobyły wyspy i dalsza interwencja niderlandzka nie była potrzebna.

Pokój
O ile samo wypowiedzenie wojny przez Trompa nie podlega wątpliwościom, to niektórzy historycy wyrażają wątpliwości, czy Tromp miał prawo wypowiedzieć wojnę w imieniu Niderlandów, a nawet jeżeli miał, to czy wojna nie została zakończona w 1654, po zakończeniu I wojny angielsko-holenderskiej w ramach jej traktatu pokojowego.

W 1985 Roy Duncan, przewodniczący rady samorządowej wysp Scilly, zwrócił się z prośbą do ambasady holenderskiej w Londynie o oficjalne zakończenie tej długotrwałej, choć bezkrwawej wojny. Pomimo wątpliwości, czy ten konflikt nadal w rzeczywistości trwał, 17 kwietnia 1986 holenderski ambasador Rein Huydecoper udał się na wyspy, gdzie w St Mary's podpisano układ pokojowy kończący 335-letni osobliwy konflikt.

Przypisy

Bibliografia

Linki zewnętrzne

Wojny w historii Wielkiej Brytanii
Angielska wojna domowa

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Les Misérables ( , ) is a French historical novel by Victor Hugo, first published in 1862, that is considered one of the greatest novels of the 19th century. Les Misérables has been popularized through numerous adaptations for film, television and the stage, including a musical.

In the English-speaking world, the novel is usually referred to by its original French title. However, several alternatives have been used, including The Miserables, The Wretched, The Miserable Ones, The Poor Ones, The Wretched Poor, The Victims, and The Dispossessed. Beginning in 1815 and culminating in the 1832 June Rebellion in Paris, the novel follows the lives and interactions of several characters, particularly the struggles of ex-convict Jean Valjean and his experience of redemption.

Examining the nature of law and grace, the novel elaborates upon the history of France, the architecture and urban design of Paris, politics, moral philosophy, antimonarchism, justice, religion, and the types and nature of romantic and familial love.

Novel form
Upton Sinclair described the novel as "one of the half-dozen greatest novels of the world", and remarked that Hugo set forth the purpose of Les Misérables in the Preface:

Towards the end of the novel, Hugo explains the work's overarching structure:

The novel contains various subplots, but the main thread is the story of ex-convict Jean Valjean, who becomes a force for good in the world but cannot escape his criminal past. The novel is divided into five volumes, each volume divided into several books, and subdivided into chapters, for a total of 48 books and 365 chapters. Each chapter is relatively short, commonly no longer than a few pages.

The novel as a whole is one of the longest ever written, with 655,478 words in the original French. Hugo explained his ambitions for the novel to his Italian publisher:

Digressions
More than a quarter of the novel—by one count 955 of 2,783 pages—is devoted to essays that argue a moral point or display Hugo's encyclopedic knowledge but do not advance the plot, nor even a subplot, a method Hugo used in such other works as The Hunchback of Notre-Dame and Toilers of the Sea. One biographer noted that "the digressions of genius are easily pardoned". The topics Hugo addresses include cloistered religious orders, the construction of the Paris sewers, argot, and the street urchins of Paris. The one about convents he titles "Parenthesis" to alert the reader to its irrelevance to the story line.

Hugo devotes another 19 chapters (Volume II, Book I) to an account of—and a meditation on the place in history of—the Battle of Waterloo, the battlefield which Hugo visited in 1861 and where he finished writing the novel. It opens volume 2 with such a change of subject as to seem the beginning of an entirely different work. The fact that this 'digression' occupies such a large part of the text demands that it be read in the context of the 'overarching structure' discussed above. Hugo draws his own personal conclusions, taking Waterloo to be a pivot-point in history, but definitely not a victory for the forces of reaction.

One critic has called this "the spiritual gateway" to the novel, as its chance encounter of Thénardier and Colonel Pontmercy foreshadows so many of the novel's encounters "blending chance and necessity", a "confrontation of heroism and villainy".

Even when not turning to other subjects outside his narrative, Hugo sometimes interrupts the straightforward recitation of events, his voice and control of the story line unconstrained by time and sequence. The novel opens with a statement about the bishop of Digne in 1815 and immediately shifts: "Although these details in no way essentially concern that which we have to tell..." Only after 14 chapters does Hugo pick up the opening thread again, "In the early days of the month of October, 1815...", to introduce Jean Valjean.

Hugo's sources

An incident Hugo witnessed in 1829 involved three strangers and a police officer. One of the strangers was a man who had stolen a loaf of bread, similar to Jean Valjean. The officer was taking him to the coach. The thief also saw the mother and daughter playing with each other which would be an inspiration for Fantine and Cosette. Hugo imagined the life of the man in jail and the mother and daughter taken away from each other.

Valjean's character is loosely based on the life of the ex-convict Eugène François Vidocq. Vidocq became the head of an undercover police unit and later founded France's first private detective agency. He was also a businessman and was widely noted for his social engagement and philanthropy. Vidocq also inspired Hugo's "Claude Gueux" and Le Dernier jour d'un condamné (The Last Day of a Condemned Man).

In 1828, Vidocq, already pardoned, saved one of the workers in his paper factory by lifting a heavy cart on his shoulders as Valjean does. Hugo's description of Valjean rescuing a sailor on the Orion drew almost word for word on a Baron La Roncière's letter describing such an incident. Hugo used Bienvenu de Miollis (1753–1843), the Bishop of Digne during the time in which Valjean encounters Myriel, as the model for Myriel.

Hugo had used the departure of prisoners from the Bagne of Toulon in one of his early stories, Le Dernier Jour d'un Condamné. He went to Toulon to visit the Bagne in 1839 and took extensive notes, though he did not start writing the book until 1845. On one of the pages of his notes about the prison, he wrote in large block letters a possible name for his hero: "JEAN TRÉJEAN". When the book was finally written, Tréjean became Valjean.

In 1841, Hugo saved a prostitute from arrest for assault. He used a short part of his dialogue with the police when recounting Valjean's rescue of Fantine in the novel. On 22 February 1846, when he had begun work on the novel, Hugo witnessed the arrest of a bread thief while a duchess and her child watched the scene pitilessly from their coach. He spent several vacations in Montreuil-sur-Mer.

During the 1832 revolt, Hugo walked the streets of Paris, saw the barricades blocking his way at points, and had to take shelter from gunfire. He participated more directly in the 1848 Paris insurrection, helping to smash barricades and suppress both the popular revolt and its monarchist allies.

Victor Hugo drew his inspiration from everything he heard and saw, writing it down in his diary. In December 1846, he witnessed an altercation between an old woman scavenging through rubbish and a street urchin who might have been Gavroche. He also informed himself by personal inspection of the Paris Conciergerie in 1846 and Waterloo in 1861, by gathering information on some industries, and on working-class people's wages and living standards. He asked his mistresses, Léonie d'Aunet and Juliette Drouet, to tell him about life in convents. He also slipped personal anecdotes into the plot. For instance Marius and Cosette's wedding night (Part V, Book 6, Chapter 1) takes place on 16 February 1833, which is also the date when Hugo and his lifelong mistress Juliette Drouet made love for the first time.

A template for Hugo's novel was Les Mystères de Paris (The Mysteries of Paris), a serial novel of similar length which enjoyed great success on its appearance in 1842–43, by Eugène Sue. Les mystères, like Les Misérables, viewed contemporary Paris from the point of view of the downtrodden and criminal underclasses who had been little represented in novels up to the time, and featured the interventions of detectives and the indifference of aristocrats. Although socially progressive in tone it was more sensationalist than Les Misérables and did not have the same breadth of moral vision.

Plot

Volume I: Fantine

The story begins in 1815 in Digne, as the peasant Jean Valjean, just released from 19 years' imprisonment in the Bagne of Toulon—five for stealing bread for his starving sister and her family and fourteen more for numerous escape attempts—is turned away by innkeepers because his yellow passport marks him as a former convict. He sleeps on the street, angry and bitter.

Digne's benevolent Bishop Myriel gives him shelter. At night, Valjean runs off with Myriel's silverware. When the police capture Valjean, Myriel pretends that he has given the silverware to Valjean and presses him to take two silver candlesticks as well, as if he had forgotten to take them. The police accept his explanation and leave. Myriel tells Valjean that his soul has been purchased for God, and that he should use money from the silver candlesticks to make an honest man of himself.

Valjean broods over Myriel's words. When opportunity presents itself, purely out of habit, he steals a 40-sous coin from 12-year-old Petit Gervais and chases the boy away. He quickly repents and searches the city in panic for Gervais. At the same time, his theft is reported to the authorities. Valjean hides as they search for him, because if apprehended he will be returned to the galleys for life as a repeat offender.

Six years pass and Valjean, using the alias Monsieur Madeleine, has become a wealthy factory owner and is appointed mayor of Montreuil-sur-Mer. Walking down the street, he sees a man named Fauchelevent pinned under the wheels of a cart. When no one volunteers to lift the cart, even for pay, he decides to rescue Fauchelevent himself. He crawls underneath the cart, manages to lift it, and frees him. The town's police inspector, Inspector Javert, who was an adjutant guard at the Bagne of Toulon during Valjean's incarceration, becomes suspicious of the mayor after witnessing this remarkable feat of strength. He has known only one other man, a convict named Jean Valjean, who could accomplish it.

Years earlier in Paris, a grisette named Fantine was very much in love with Félix Tholomyès. His friends, Listolier, Fameuil, and Blachevelle were also paired with Fantine's friends Dahlia, Zéphine, and Favourite. The men abandon the women, treating their relationships as youthful amusements. Fantine must draw on her own resources to care for her and Tholomyès' daughter, Cosette. When Fantine arrives at Montfermeil, she leaves Cosette in the care of the Thénardiers, a corrupt innkeeper and his selfish, cruel wife.

Fantine is unaware that they are abusing her daughter and using her as forced labor for their inn, and continues to try to meet their growing, extortionate and fictitious demands. She is later fired from her job at Jean Valjean's factory, because of the discovery of her daughter, who was born out of wedlock. Meanwhile, the Thénardiers' monetary demands continue to grow. In desperation, Fantine sells her hair and two front teeth, and she resorts to prostitution to pay the Thénardiers. Fantine is slowly dying from an unspecified disease.

A dandy named Bamatabois harasses Fantine in the street, and she reacts by striking him. Javert arrests Fantine. She begs to be released so that she can provide for her daughter, but Javert sentences her to six months in prison. Valjean (Mayor Madeleine) intervenes and orders Javert to release her. Javert resists but Valjean prevails. Valjean, feeling responsible because his factory turned her away, promises Fantine that he will bring Cosette to her. He takes her to a hospital.

Javert comes to see Valjean again. Javert admits that after being forced to free Fantine, he reported him as Valjean to the French authorities. He tells Valjean he realizes he was wrong, because the authorities have identified someone else as the real Jean Valjean, have him in custody, and plan to try him the next day. Valjean is torn, but decides to reveal himself to save the innocent man, whose real name is Champmathieu. He travels to attend the trial and there reveals his true identity. Valjean returns to Montreuil to see Fantine, followed by Javert, who confronts him in her hospital room.

After Javert grabs Valjean, Valjean asks for three days to bring Cosette to Fantine, but Javert refuses. Fantine discovers that Cosette is not at the hospital and fretfully asks where she is. Javert orders her to be quiet, and then reveals to her Valjean's real identity. Weakened by the severity of her illness, she falls back in shock and dies. Valjean goes to Fantine, speaks to her in an inaudible whisper, kisses her hand, and then leaves with Javert. Later, Fantine's body is unceremoniously thrown into a public grave.

Volume II: Cosette

Valjean escapes, is recaptured, and is sentenced to death. The king commutes his sentence to penal servitude for life. While imprisoned in the Bagne of Toulon, Valjean, at great personal risk, rescues a sailor caught in the ship's rigging. Spectators call for his release. Valjean fakes his own death by allowing himself to fall into the ocean. Authorities report him dead and his body lost.

Valjean arrives at Montfermeil on Christmas Eve. He finds Cosette fetching water in the woods alone and walks with her to the inn. He orders a meal and observes how the Thénardiers abuse her, while pampering their own daughters Éponine and Azelma, who mistreat Cosette for playing with their doll. Valjean leaves and returns to make Cosette a present of an expensive new doll which, after some hesitation, she happily accepts. Éponine and Azelma are envious. Madame Thénardier is furious with Valjean, while her husband makes light of Valjean's behaviour, caring only that he pay for his food and lodging.

The next morning, Valjean informs the Thénardiers that he wants to take Cosette with him. Madame Thénardier immediately accepts, while Thénardier pretends to love Cosette and be concerned for her welfare, reluctant to give her up. Valjean pays the Thénardiers 1,500 francs, and he and Cosette leave the inn. Thénardier, hoping to swindle more out of Valjean, runs after them, holding the 1,500 francs, and tells Valjean he wants Cosette back. He informs Valjean that he cannot release Cosette without a note from the child's mother. Valjean hands Thénardier Fantine's letter authorizing the bearer to take Cosette. Thénardier then demands that Valjean pay a thousand crowns, but Valjean and Cosette leave. Thénardier regrets that he did not bring his gun and turns back toward home.

Valjean and Cosette flee to Paris. Valjean rents new lodgings at Gorbeau House, where he and Cosette live happily. However, Javert discovers Valjean's lodgings there a few months later. Valjean takes Cosette and they try to escape from Javert. They soon find shelter in the Petit-Picpus convent with the help of Fauchelevent, the man whom Valjean once rescued from being crushed under a cart and who has become the convent's gardener. Valjean also becomes a gardener and Cosette becomes a student at the convent school.

Volume III: Marius
Eight years later, the Friends of the ABC, led by Enjolras, are preparing an act of anti-Orléanist civil unrest (i.e. the Paris uprising on 5–6 June 1832, following the death of General Lamarque, the only French leader who had sympathy towards the working class. Lamarque was a victim of a major cholera epidemic that had ravaged the city, particularly its poor neighborhoods, arousing suspicion that the government had been poisoning wells). The Friends of the ABC are joined by the poor of the Cour des miracles, including the Thénardiers' eldest son Gavroche, who is a street urchin.

One of the students, Marius Pontmercy, has become alienated from his family (especially his royalist grandfather M. Gillenormand) because of his Bonapartist views. After the death of his father, Colonel Georges Pontmercy, Marius discovers a note from him instructing his son to provide help to a sergeant named Thénardier who saved his life at Waterloo—in reality Thénardier was looting corpses and only saved Pontmercy's life by accident; he had called himself a sergeant under Napoleon to avoid exposing himself as a robber.

At the Luxembourg Garden, Marius falls in love with the now grown and beautiful Cosette. The Thénardiers have also moved to Paris and now live in poverty after losing their inn. They live under the surname "Jondrette" at Gorbeau House (coincidentally, the same building Valjean and Cosette briefly lived in after leaving the Thénardiers' inn). Marius lives there as well, next door to the Thénardiers.

Éponine, now ragged and emaciated, visits Marius at his apartment to beg for money. To impress him, she tries to prove her literacy by reading aloud from a book and by writing "The Cops Are Here" on a sheet of paper. Marius pities her and gives her some money. After Éponine leaves, Marius observes the "Jondrettes" in their apartment through a crack in the wall. Éponine comes in and announces that a philanthropist and his daughter are arriving to visit them. In order to look poorer, Thénardier puts out the fire and breaks a chair. He also orders Azelma to punch out a window pane, which she does, resulting in cutting her hand (as Thénardier had hoped).

The philanthropist and his daughter enter—actually Valjean and Cosette. Marius immediately recognizes Cosette. After seeing them, Valjean promises them he will return with rent money for them. After he and Cosette leave, Marius asks Éponine to retrieve her address for him. Éponine, who is in love with Marius herself, reluctantly agrees to do so. The Thénardiers have also recognized Valjean and Cosette, and vow their revenge. Thénardier enlists the aid of the Patron-Minette, a well-known and feared gang of murderers and robbers.

Marius overhears Thénardier's plan and goes to Javert to report the crime. Javert gives Marius two pistols and instructs him to fire one into the air if things get dangerous. Marius returns home and waits for Javert and the police to arrive. Thénardier sends Éponine and Azelma outside to look out for the police. When Valjean returns with rent money, Thénardier, with Patron-Minette, ambushes him and he reveals his real identity to Valjean. Marius recognizes Thénardier as the man who saved his father's life at Waterloo and is caught in a dilemma.

He tries to find a way to save Valjean while not betraying Thénardier. Valjean denies knowing Thénardier and tells him that they have never met. Valjean tries to escape through a window but is subdued and tied up. Thénardier orders Valjean to pay him 200,000 francs. He also orders Valjean to write a letter to Cosette to return to the apartment, and they would keep her with them until he delivers the money. After Valjean writes the letter and informs Thénardier of his address, Thénardier sends out Mme. Thénardier to get Cosette. Mme. Thénardier comes back alone, and announces the address is a fake.

It is during this time that Valjean manages to free himself. Thénardier decides to kill Valjean. While he and Patron-Minette are about to do so, Marius remembers the scrap of paper that Éponine wrote on earlier. He throws it into the Thénardiers' apartment through the wall crack. Thénardier reads it and thinks Éponine threw it inside. He, Mme. Thénardier and Patron-Minette try to escape, only to be stopped by Javert.

He arrests all the Thénardiers and Patron-Minette (except Claquesous, who escapes during his transportation to prison, and Montparnasse, who stops to run off with Éponine instead of joining in on the robbery). Valjean manages to escape the scene before Javert sees him.

Volume IV: The Idyll in the Rue Plumet and the Epic in the Rue St. Denis

After Éponine's release from prison, she finds Marius at "The Field of the Lark" and sadly tells him that she found Cosette's address. She leads him to Valjean's and Cosette's house on Rue Plumet, and Marius watches the house for a few days. He and Cosette then finally meet and declare their love for one another. Thénardier, Patron-Minette and Brujon manage to escape from prison with the aid of Gavroche (a rare case of Gavroche helping his family in their criminal activities). One night, during one of Marius's visits with Cosette, the six men attempt to raid Valjean's and Cosette's house. However, Éponine, who has been sitting by the gates of the house, threatens to scream and awaken the whole neighbourhood if the thieves do not leave. Hearing this, they reluctantly retire. Meanwhile, Cosette informs Marius that she and Valjean will be leaving for England in a week's time, which greatly troubles the pair.

The next day, Valjean is sitting in the Champ de Mars. He is feeling troubled about seeing Thénardier in the neighbourhood several times. Unexpectedly, a note lands in his lap, which says "Move Out." He sees a figure running away in the dim light. He goes back to his house, tells Cosette they will be staying at their other house on Rue de l'Homme-Armé, and reconfirms to her that they will be moving to England. Marius tries to get permission from M. Gillenormand to marry Cosette. His grandfather seems stern and angry, but has been longing for Marius's return. When tempers flare, he refuses his assent to the marriage, telling Marius to make Cosette his mistress instead. Insulted, Marius leaves.

The following day, the students revolt and erect barricades in the narrow streets of Paris. Gavroche spots Javert and informs Enjolras that Javert is a spy. When Enjolras confronts him about this, he admits his identity and his orders to spy on the students. Enjolras and the other students tie him up to a pole in the Corinth restaurant. Later that evening, Marius goes back to Valjean's and Cosette's house on Rue Plumet, but finds the house no longer occupied. He then hears a voice telling him that his friends are waiting for him at the barricade. Distraught to find Cosette gone, he heeds the voice and goes.

When Marius arrives at the barricade, the revolution has already started. When he stoops down to pick up a powder keg, a soldier comes up to shoot Marius. However, a man covers the muzzle of the soldier's gun with his hand. The soldier fires, fatally wounding the man, while missing Marius. Meanwhile, the soldiers are closing in. Marius climbs to the top of the barricade, holding a torch in one hand, a powder keg in the other, and threatens to the soldiers that he will blow up the barricade. After confirming this, the soldiers retreat from the barricade.

Marius decides to go to the smaller barricade, which he finds empty. As he turns back, the man who took the fatal shot for Marius earlier calls Marius by his name. Marius discovers this man is Éponine, dressed in men's clothes. As she lies dying on his knees, she confesses that she was the one who told him to go to the barricade, hoping they would die together. She also confesses to saving his life because she wanted to die before he did.

The author also states to the reader that Éponine anonymously threw the note to Valjean. Éponine then tells Marius that she has a letter for him. She also confesses to have obtained the letter the day before, originally not planning to give it to him, but decides to do so in fear he would be angry at her about it in the afterlife. After Marius takes the letter, Éponine then asks him to kiss her on the forehead when she is dead, which he promises to do. With her last breath, she confesses that she was "a little bit in love" with him, and dies.

Marius fulfills her request and goes into a tavern to read the letter. It is written by Cosette. He learns Cosette's whereabouts and he writes a farewell letter to her. He sends Gavroche to deliver it to her, but Gavroche leaves it with Valjean. Valjean, learning that Cosette's lover is fighting, is at first relieved, but an hour later, he puts on a National Guard uniform, arms himself with a gun and ammunition, and leaves his home.

Volume V: Jean Valjean

Valjean arrives at the barricade and immediately saves a man's life. He is still not certain if he wants to protect Marius or kill him. Marius recognizes Valjean at first sight. Enjolras announces that they are almost out of cartridges. When Gavroche goes outside the barricade to collect more ammunition from the dead National Guardsmen, he is shot dead.

Valjean volunteers to execute Javert himself, and Enjolras grants permission. Valjean takes Javert out of sight, and then shoots into the air while letting him go. Marius mistakenly believes that Valjean has killed Javert. As the barricade falls, Valjean carries off the injured and unconscious Marius. All the other students are killed. Valjean escapes through the sewers, carrying Marius's body. He evades a police patrol, and reaches an exit gate but finds it locked. Thénardier emerges from the darkness. Valjean recognizes Thénardier, but Thénardier does not recognize Valjean. Thinking Valjean a murderer lugging his victim's corpse, Thénardier offers to open the gate for money. As he searches Valjean and Marius's pockets, he surreptitiously tears off a piece of Marius's coat so he can later find out his identity. Thénardier takes the thirty francs he finds, opens the gate, and allows Valjean to leave, expecting Valjean's emergence from the sewer will distract the police who have been pursuing him.

Upon exiting, Valjean encounters Javert and requests time to return Marius to his family before surrendering to him. Surprisingly Javert agrees, assuming that Marius will be dead within minutes. After leaving Marius at his grandfather's house, Valjean asks to be allowed a brief visit to his own home, and Javert agrees. There, Javert tells Valjean he will wait for him in the street, but when Valjean scans the street from the landing window he finds Javert has gone. Javert walks down the street, realizing that he is caught between his strict belief in the law and the mercy Valjean has shown him. He feels he can no longer give Valjean up to the authorities but also cannot ignore his duty to the law. Unable to cope with this dilemma, Javert commits suicide by throwing himself into the Seine.

Marius slowly recovers from his injuries. As he and Cosette make wedding preparations, Valjean endows them with a fortune of nearly 600,000 francs. As their wedding party winds through Paris during Mardi Gras festivities, Valjean is spotted by Thénardier, who then orders Azelma to follow him. After the wedding, Valjean confesses to Marius that he is an ex-convict. Marius is horrified, assumes the worst about Valjean's moral character, and contrives to limit Valjean's time with Cosette. Valjean accedes to Marius' judgment and his separation from Cosette. Valjean loses the will to live and retires to his bed.

Thénardier approaches Marius in disguise, but Marius recognizes him. Thénardier attempts to blackmail Marius with what he knows of Valjean, but in doing so, he inadvertently corrects Marius's misconceptions about Valjean and reveals all of the good he has done. He tries to convince Marius that Valjean is actually a murderer, and presents the piece of coat he tore off as evidence. Stunned, Marius recognizes the fabric as part of his own coat and realizes that it was Valjean who rescued him from the barricade. Marius pulls out a fistful of notes and flings it at Thénardier's face. He then confronts Thénardier with his crimes and offers him an immense sum to depart and never return. Thénardier accepts the offer, and he and Azelma travel to America where he becomes a slave trader.

As they rush to Valjean's house, Marius tells Cosette that Valjean saved his life at the barricade. They arrive to find Valjean near death and reconcile with him. Valjean tells Cosette her mother's story and name. He dies content and is buried beneath a blank slab in Père Lachaise Cemetery.

Characters

Major
 Jean Valjean (also known as Monsieur Madeleine, Ultime Fauchelevent, Monsieur Leblanc, and Urbain Fabre) – The protagonist of the novel. Convicted for stealing a loaf of bread to feed his sister's seven starving children and sent to prison for five years, he is paroled from prison nineteen years later (after four unsuccessful escape attempts added twelve years and fighting back during the second escape attempt added two extra years). Rejected by society for being a former convict, he encounters Bishop Myriel, who turns his life around by showing him mercy and encouraging him to become a new man. While sitting and pondering what Bishop Myriel had said, he puts his shoe on a forty-sou piece dropped by a young wanderer. Valjean threatens the boy with his stick when the boy attempts to rouse Valjean from his reverie and recover his money. He tells a passing priest his name, and the name of the boy, and this allows the police to charge him with armed robbery – a sentence that, if he were caught again, would return him to prison for life. He assumes a new identity (Monsieur Madeleine) in order to pursue an honest life. He introduces new manufacturing techniques and eventually builds two factories and becomes one of the richest men in the area. By popular acclaim, he is made mayor. He confronts Javert over Fantine's punishment, turns himself in to the police to save another man from prison for life, and rescues Cosette from the Thénardiers. Discovered by Javert in Paris because of his generosity to the poor, he evades capture for the next several years in a convent. He saves Marius from imprisonment and probable death at the barricade, reveals his true identity to Marius and Cosette after their wedding, and is reunited with them just before his death, having kept his promise to the bishop and to Fantine, the image of whom is the last thing he sees before dying.
 Javert – A fanatic police inspector in pursuit to recapture Valjean. Born in the prisons to a convict father and a fortune teller mother, he renounces both of them and starts working as a guard in the prison, including one stint as the overseer for the chain gang of which Valjean is part (and here witnesses firsthand Valjean's enormous strength and just what he looks like). Eventually he joins the police force in Montreuil-sur-Mer. He arrests Fantine and comes into conflict with Valjean/Madeleine, who orders him to release Fantine. Valjean dismisses Javert in front of his squad and Javert, seeking revenge, reports to the Police Inspector that he has discovered Jean Valjean. He is told that he must be incorrect, as a man mistakenly believed to be Jean Valjean was just arrested. He requests of M. Madeleine that he be dismissed in disgrace, for he cannot be less harsh on himself than on others. When the real Jean Valjean turns himself in, Javert is promoted to the Paris police force where he arrests Valjean and sends him back to prison. After Valjean escapes again, Javert attempts one more arrest in vain. He then almost recaptures Valjean at Gorbeau house when he arrests the Thénardiers and Patron-Minette. Later, while working undercover behind the barricade, his identity is discovered. Valjean pretends to execute Javert, but releases him. When Javert next encounters Valjean emerging from the sewers, he allows him to make a brief visit home and then walks off instead of arresting him. Javert cannot reconcile his devotion to the law with his recognition that the lawful course is immoral. After composing a letter to the prefect of police outlining the squalid conditions that occur in prisons and the abuses that prisoners are subjected to, he takes his own life by jumping into the Seine.
 Fantine – A beautiful Parisian grisette abandoned with a small child by her lover Félix Tholomyès. Fantine leaves her daughter Cosette in the care of the Thénardiers, innkeepers in the village of Montfermeil. Mme. Thénardier spoils her own daughters and abuses Cosette. Fantine finds work at Monsieur Madeleine's factory. Illiterate, she has others write letters to the Thénardiers on her behalf. A female supervisor discovers that she is an unwed mother and dismisses her. To meet the Thénardiers' repeated demands for money, she sells her hair and two front teeth, and turns to prostitution. She becomes ill. Valjean learns of her plight when Javert arrests her for attacking a man who called her insulting names and threw snow down her back, and sends her to a hospital. As Javert confronts Valjean in her hospital room, because her illness has made her so weak, she dies of shock after Javert reveals that Valjean is a convict and hasn't brought her daughter Cosette to her (after the doctor encouraged that incorrect belief that Jean Valjean's recent absence was because he was bringing her daughter to her).
 Cosette (formally Euphrasie, also known as "the Lark", Mademoiselle Lanoire, Ursula) – The illegitimate daughter of Fantine and Tholomyès. From approximately the age of three to the age of eight, she is beaten and forced to work as a drudge for the Thénardiers. After her mother Fantine dies, Valjean ransoms Cosette from the Thénardiers and cares for her as if she were his daughter. Nuns in a Paris convent educate her. She grows up to become very beautiful. She falls in love with Marius Pontmercy and marries him near the novel's conclusion.
 Marius Pontmercy – A young law student loosely associated with the Friends of the ABC. He shares the political principles of his father and has a tempestuous relationship with his royalist grandfather, Monsieur Gillenormand. He falls in love with Cosette and fights on the barricades when he believes Valjean has taken her to London. After he and Cosette marry, he recognizes Thénardier as a swindler and pays him to leave France.
 Éponine (the Jondrette girl) – The Thénardiers' elder daughter. As a child, she is pampered and spoiled by her parents, but ends up a street urchin when she reaches adolescence. She participates in her father's crimes and begging schemes to obtain money. She is blindly in love with Marius. At Marius' request, she finds Valjean and Cosette's house for him and sadly leads him there. She also prevents her father, Patron-Minette, and Brujon from robbing the house during one of Marius' visits there to see Cosette. After disguising herself as a boy, she manipulates Marius into going to the barricades, hoping that she and Marius will die there together. Wanting to die before Marius, she reaches out her hand to stop a soldier from shooting at him; she is mortally wounded as the bullet goes through her hand and her back. As she is dying, she confesses all this to Marius, and gives him a letter from Cosette. Her final request to Marius is that once she has passed, he will kiss her on the forehead. He fulfills her request not because of romantic feelings on his part, but out of pity for her hard life.
 Monsieur Thénardier and Madame Thénardier (also known as the Jondrettes, M. Fabantou, M. Thénard. Some translations identify her as the Thenardiess) – Husband and wife, parents of five children: two daughters, Éponine and Azelma, and three sons, Gavroche and two unnamed younger sons. As innkeepers, they abuse Cosette as a child and extort payment from Fantine for her support, until Valjean takes Cosette away. They become bankrupt and relocate under the name Jondrette to a house in Paris called the Gorbeau house, living in the room next to Marius. The husband associates with a criminal group called "the Patron-Minette", and conspires to rob Valjean until he is thwarted by Marius. Javert arrests the couple. The wife dies in prison. Her husband attempts to blackmail Marius with his knowledge of Valjean's past, but Marius pays him to leave the country and he becomes a slave trader in the United States.
 Enjolras – The leader of Les Amis de l'ABC (Friends of the ABC) in the Paris uprising. He is passionately committed to republican principles and the idea of progress. He and Grantaire are executed by the National Guards after the barricade falls.
 Gavroche – The unloved middle child and eldest son of the Thénardiers. He lives on his own as a street urchin and sleeps inside an elephant statue outside the Bastille. He briefly takes care of his two younger brothers, unaware they are related to him. He takes part in the barricades and is killed while collecting bullets from dead National Guardsmen.
 Bishop Myriel – The Bishop of Digne (full name Charles-François-Bienvenu Myriel, also called Monseigneur Bienvenu) – A kindly old priest promoted to bishop after a chance encounter with Napoleon. After Valjean steals some silver from him, he saves Valjean from being arrested and inspires Valjean to change his ways.
 Grantaire – Grantaire (Also known as "R") was a student revolutionary with little interest in the cause. He reveres Enjolras, and his admiration is the main reason that Grantaire spends time with Les Amis de l'ABC (Friends of the ABC), despite Enjolras's occasional scorn for him. Grantaire is often drunk and is unconscious for the majority of the June Rebellion. He and Enjolras are executed by the National Guards after the barricade falls.

Friends of the ABC
A revolutionary student club. In French, the letters "ABC" are pronounced identically to the French word , 'the abased'.
 Bahorel – A dandy and an idler from a peasant background, who is known well around the student cafés of Paris.
 Combeferre – A medical student who is described as representing the philosophy of the revolution.
 Courfeyrac – A law student who is described as the centre of the group of Friends. He is honorable and warm and is Marius' closest companion.
 Enjolras – The leader of the Friends. A resolute and charismatic youth, devoted to progress.
 Feuilly – An orphaned fan maker and passionate Polonophile who taught himself to read and write. He is the only member of the Friends who is not a student.
 Grantaire – A drunk with little interest in revolution. Despite his pessimism, he eventually declares himself a believer in the Republic, and dies alongside Enjolras.
 Jean Prouvaire (also Jehan) – A Romantic with knowledge of Italian, Latin, Greek, and Hebrew, and an interest in the Middle Ages.
 Joly – A medical student who has unusual theories about health. He is a hypochondriac and is described as the happiest of the Friends.
 Lesgle (also Lègle, Laigle, L'Aigle [The Eagle] or Bossuet) – The oldest member of the group. Considered notoriously unlucky, Lesgle begins balding at the age of twenty-five. It is Lesgle who introduces Marius to the Friends.

Minor
 Azelma – The younger daughter of the Thénardiers. Like her sister Éponine, she is spoiled as a child, impoverished when older. She abets her father's failed robbery of Valjean. On Marius and Cosette's wedding day, she tails Valjean on her father's orders. She travels to America with her father at the end of the novel.
 Bamatabois – An idler who harasses Fantine. Later a juror at Champmathieu's trial.
 (Mlle) Baptistine Myriel – Bishop Myriel's sister. She loves and venerates her brother.
 Blachevelle – A wealthy student in Paris originally from Montauban. He is a friend of Félix Tholomyès and becomes romantically involved with Fantine's friend Favourite.
 Bougon, Madame (called Ma'am Burgon) – Housekeeper of Gorbeau House.
 Brevet – An ex-convict from Toulon who knew Valjean there; released one year after Valjean. In 1823, he is serving time in the prison in Arras for an unknown crime. He is the first to claim that Champmathieu is really Valjean. He used to wear knitted, checkered suspenders.
 Brujon – A robber and criminal. He participates in crimes with M. Thénardier and the Patron-Minette gang (such as the Gorbeau Robbery and the attempted robbery at the Rue Plumet). The author describes Brujon as being "a sprightly young fellow, very cunning and very adroit, with a flurried and plaintive appearance."
 Champmathieu – A vagabond who is misidentified as Valjean after being caught stealing apples.
 Chenildieu – A lifer from Toulon. He and Valjean were chain mates for five years. He once tried to unsuccessfully remove his lifer's brand TFP ("travaux forcés à perpetuité", "forced labour for life") by putting his shoulder on a chafing dish full of embers. He is described as a small, wiry but energetic man.
 Cochepaille – Another lifer from Toulon. He used to be a shepherd from the Pyrenees who became a smuggler. He is described as stupid and has a tattoo on his arm, 1 Mars 1815.
 Colonel Georges Pontmercy – Marius's father and an officer in Napoleon's army. Wounded at Waterloo, Pontmercy erroneously believes M. Thénardier saved his life. He tells Marius of this great debt. He loves Marius and although M. Gillenormand does not allow him to visit, he continually hid behind a pillar in the church on Sunday so that he could at least look at Marius from a distance. Napoleon made him a baron, but the next regime refused to recognize his barony or his status as a colonel, instead referring to him only as a commandant. The book usually calls him "The colonel".
 Dahlia – A young grisette in Paris and member of Fantine's group of seamstress friends along with Favourite and Zéphine. She becomes romantically involved with Félix Tholomyès' friend Listolier.
 Fameuil – A wealthy student in Paris originally from Limoges. He is a friend of Félix Tholomyès and becomes romantically involved with Fantine's friend Zéphine.
 Fauchelevent – A failed businessman whom Valjean (as M. Madeleine) saves from being crushed under a carriage. Valjean gets him a position as gardener at a Paris convent, where Fauchelevent later provides sanctuary for Valjean and Cosette and allows Valjean to pose as his brother.
 Favourite – A young grisette in Paris and leader of Fantine's group of seamstress friends (including Zéphine and Dahlia). She is independent and well versed in the ways of the world and had previously been in England. Although she cannot stand Félix Tholomyès' friend Blachevelle and is in love with someone else, she endures a relationship with him so she can enjoy the perks of courting a wealthy man.
 Monsieur Gillenormand – Marius' grandfather. A monarchist, he disagrees sharply with Marius on political issues, and they have several arguments. He attempts to keep Marius from being influenced by his father, Colonel Georges Pontmercy. While in perpetual conflict with him over ideas, he holds his grandson in affection.
 Mademoiselle Gillenormand – Daughter of M. Gillenormand, with whom she lives. Her late half-sister (M. Gillenormand's daughter from another marriage), was Marius' mother.
 Théodule Gillenormand – Army officer and Marius' cousin. He makes a half-hearted and unsuccessful attempt at supplanting Marius in the affections of Marius' grandfather.
 Listolier – A wealthy student in Paris originally from Cahors. He is a friend of Félix Tholomyès and becomes romantically involved with Fantine's friend Dahlia.
 Mabeuf – An elderly churchwarden, friend of Colonel Pontmercy, who after the Colonel's death befriends his son Marius and helps Marius realize his father loved him. Mabeuf loves plants and books, but sells his books and prints in order to pay for a friend's medical care. When Mabeuf finds a purse in his yard, he takes it to the police. After selling his last book, he joins the students in the insurrection. He is shot dead raising the flag atop the barricade.
 Madame Magloire – Domestic servant to Bishop Myriel and his sister.
 Magnon – Former servant of M. Gillenormand and friend of the Thénardiers. She had been receiving child support payments from M. Gillenormand for her two illegitimate sons, who she claimed were fathered by him. When her sons died in an epidemic, she had them replaced with the Thénardiers' two youngest sons so that she could protect her income. The Thénardiers get a portion of the payments. She is incorrectly arrested for involvement in the Gorbeau robbery.
 Mother Innocente (a.k.a. Marguerite de Blemeur) – The prioress of the Petit-Picpus convent.
 Patron-Minette – A quartet of bandits who assist in the Thénardiers' ambush of Valjean at Gorbeau House and the attempted robbery at the Rue Plumet. The gang consists of Montparnasse, Claquesous, Babet, and Gueulemer. Claquesous, who escaped from the carriage transporting him to prison after the Gorbeau Robbery, joins the revolution under the guise of "Le Cabuc" and is executed by Enjolras for firing on civilians.
 Petit Gervais – A travelling Savoyard boy who drops a coin. Valjean, still a man of criminal mind, places his foot on the coin and refuses to return it.
 Sister Simplice – A famously truthful nun who cares for Fantine on her sickbed and lies to Javert to protect Valjean.
 Félix Tholomyès – Fantine's lover and Cosette's biological father. A wealthy, self-centered student in Paris originally from Toulouse, he eventually abandons Fantine when their daughter is two years old.
 Toussaint – Valjean and Cosette's servant in Paris. She has a slight stutter.
 Two little boys – The two unnamed youngest sons of the Thénardiers, whom they send to Magnon to replace her two dead sons. Living on the streets, they encounter Gavroche, who is unaware they are his siblings but treats them like they are his brothers. After Gavroche's death, they retrieve bread tossed by a bourgeois man to geese in a fountain at the Luxembourg Garden.
 Zéphine – A young grisette in Paris and member of Fantine's group of seamstress friends along with Favourite and Dahlia. She becomes romantically involved with Félix Tholomyès' friend Fameuil.

The narrator
Hugo does not give the narrator a name and allows the reader to identify the narrator with the novel's author. The narrator occasionally injects himself into the narrative or reports facts outside the time of the narrative to emphasize that he is recounting historical events, not entirely fiction. He introduces his recounting of Waterloo with several paragraphs describing the narrator's recent approach to the battlefield: "Last year (1861), on a beautiful May morning, a traveller, the person who is telling this story, was coming from Nivelles ..." The narrator describes how "[a]n observer, a dreamer, the author of this book" during the 1832 street fighting was caught in crossfire: "All that he had to protect him from the bullets was the swell of the two half columns which separate the shops; he remained in this delicate situation for nearly half an hour." At one point he apologizes for intruding—"The author of this book, who regrets the necessity of mentioning himself"—to ask the reader's understanding when he describes "the Paris of his youth ... as though it still existed." This introduces a meditation on memories of past places that his contemporary readers would recognize as a self-portrait written from exile: "you have left a part of your heart, of your blood, of your soul, in those pavements." He describes another occasion when a bullet shot "pierced a brass shaving-dish suspended ... over a hairdresser's shop. This pierced shaving-dish was still to be seen in 1848, in the Rue du Contrat-Social, at the corner of the pillars of the market." As evidence of police double agents at the barricades, he writes: "The author of this book had in his hands, in 1848, the special report on this subject made to the Prefect of Police in 1832."

Contemporary reception
The appearance of the novel was a highly anticipated event as Victor Hugo was considered one of France's foremost poets in the middle of the nineteenth century. The New York Times announced its forthcoming publication as early as April 1860. Hugo forbade his publishers from summarizing his story and refused to authorize the publication of excerpts in advance of publication. He instructed them to build on his earlier success and suggested this approach: "What Victor H. did for the Gothic world in Notre-Dame of Paris [The Hunchback of Notre-Dame], he accomplishes for the modern world in Les Misérables". A massive advertising campaign preceded the release of the first two volumes of Les Misérables in Brussels on 30 or 31 March and in Paris on 3 April 1862. The remaining volumes appeared on 15 May 1862.

Critical reactions were wide-ranging and often negative. Some critics found the subject matter immoral, others complained of its excessive sentimentality, and others were disquieted by its apparent sympathy with the revolutionaries. L. Gauthier wrote in Le Monde of 17 August 1862: "One cannot read without an unconquerable disgust all the details Monsieur Hugo gives regarding the successful planning of riots." The Goncourt brothers judged the novel artificial and disappointing. Flaubert found "neither truth nor greatness" in it. He complained that the characters were crude stereotypes who all "speak very well – but all in the same way". He deemed it an "infantile" effort and brought an end to Hugo's career like "the fall of a god". In a newspaper review, Charles Baudelaire praised Hugo's success in focusing public attention on social problems, though he believed that such propaganda was the opposite of art. In private he castigated it as "repulsive and inept" ("immonde et inepte"). The Catholic Church placed it on the Index Librorum Prohibitorum.

The work was a commercial success and has been a popular book ever since it was published. Translated the same year it appeared into several foreign languages, including Italian, Greek, and Portuguese, it proved popular not only in France, but across Europe and abroad.

English translations

 Charles E. Wilbour. New York: Carleton Publishing Company, June 1862. The first English translation. The first volume was available for purchase in New York beginning 7 June 1862. Also New York and London: George Routledge and Sons, 1879.
 Lascelles Wraxall. London: Hurst and Blackett, October 1862. The first British translation.
 Translator identified as "A.F." Richmond, Virginia, 1863. Published by West and Johnston publishers. The Editor's Preface announces its intention of correcting errors in Wilbour's translation. It said that some passages "exclusively intended for the French readers of the book" were being omitted, as well as "[a] few scattered sentences reflecting on slavery" because "the absence of a few antislavery paragraphs will hardly be complained of by Southern readers." Because of paper shortages in wartime, the passages omitted became longer with each successive volume.
 Isabel Florence Hapgood. Published 1887, this translation is available at Project Gutenberg.
 Norman Denny. Folio Press, 1976. A modern British translation later re-published in paperback by Penguin Books, . The translator explains in an introduction that he has placed two of the novel's longer digressive passages into appendices and made some minor abridgements in the text.
 Lee Fahnestock and Norman McAfee. Signet Classics. 3 March 1987. An unabridged edition based on the Wilbour translation with its language modernized. Paperback
 Julie Rose. 2007. Vintage Classics, 3 July 2008. A new translation of the full work, with a detailed biographical sketch of Victor Hugo's life, a chronology, and notes.
 Christine Donougher. Penguin Classics, 7 November 2013. A new translation of the full work, with a detailed biographical sketch of Victor Hugo's life, a chronology, and notes.

Adaptations

Since its original publication, Les Misérables has been the subject of a large number of adaptations in numerous types of media, such as books, films, musicals, plays and games.

Notable examples of these adaptations include:
 The 1934 film, 4½-hour French version directed by Raymond Bernard and starring Harry Baur, Charles Vanel, Florelle, Josseline Gaël and Jean Servais.
 The 1935 film directed by Richard Boleslawski, starring Fredric March and Charles Laughton, nominated for Best Picture, Best Film Editing, Best Assistant Director at 8th Academy Awards.
 The 1937 radio adaptation by Orson Welles.
 The 1952 film adaptation directed by Lewis Milestone, starring Michael Rennie and Robert Newton.
 The 1958 film adaptation directed by Jean-Paul Le Chanois, with an international cast starring Jean Gabin, Bernard Blier, and Bourvil. Called "the most memorable film version", it was filmed in East Germany and was overtly political.
 The 1978 television film adaptation, starring Richard Jordan and Anthony Perkins.
 The 1980 musical, by Alain Boublil and Claude-Michel Schönberg.
 The 1982 film adaptation, directed by Robert Hossein, starring Lino Ventura and Michel Bouquet.
 The 1995 film, by Claude Lelouch, starring Jean-Paul Belmondo
 The 1998 film, starring Liam Neeson and Geoffrey Rush.
 The 2000 TV miniseries, starring Gérard Depardieu and John Malkovich.
 The 2007 TV anime adaptation, by Studio Nippon Animation.
 The 2010 concert starring Alfie Boe, Norm Lewis, Samantha Barks and Lea Salonga performed at The O2 Arena.
 The 2012 film of the musical, starring Hugh Jackman, Russell Crowe, Anne Hathaway and Amanda Seyfried.
 A 2018 British TV series by Andrew Davies, starring Dominic West, David Oyelowo and Lily Collins.

Sequels
 Laura Kalpakian's Cosette: The Sequel to Les Misérables was published in 1995. It continues the story of Cosette and Marius, but is more a sequel to the musical than to the original novel.
 In 2001, two French novels by  that continue Hugo's story appeared: Cosette ou le temps des illusions and Marius ou le fugitif. The former has been published in an English translation. Javert appears as a hero who survived his suicide attempt and becomes religious; Thénardier returns from America; Marius is unjustly imprisoned. The works were the subject of an unsuccessful lawsuit, Société Plon et autres v. Pierre Hugo et autres brought by Hugo's great-great-grandson.

See also

 Fex urbis lex orbis
 Jean Val Jean, abridged version in English (1935)

References

External links

 Les Misérables at CliffsNotes.com
 Les Misérables at the Internet Movie Database
 French text of Les Misérables, scroll down to see the links to the five volumes
  – English translation.
 Review by Edwin Percy Whipple The Atlantic Monthly. July 1862.
  (in French, English, & Spanish)

Fiction set in 1832
1862 French novels
Novels set in 19th-century France
French novels adapted into films
Novels adapted into comics
French novels adapted into plays
Novels adapted into radio programs
French novels adapted into television shows
Novels adapted into video games
Novels by Victor Hugo
French historical novels
Novels set in Paris
Fiction about suicide
Novels about revolutions
Social novels


text:
Q: Is it possible for a SP to do this in SQL Server? I have to migrate from SQL Server to Oracle and i have this SP
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 drop procedure ST_004_264_01_14292

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A: Assuming I understand your question, then the answer is yes.
It is possible for a procedure to drop itself. (though I can't understand why would anyone want to do such a thing)
Tested on sql server 2012:
create procedure stp_test
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AS
begin
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    select @CountAfter = count(*)
    from sys.procedures
    where name = 'stp_test'
end
GO

declare @x int,
        @y int

exec stp_test @x  output, @y output

select @x as [count before], @y as [count after]

Results:
count before count after
------------ -----------
1            0

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Families can be challenging and loving all at the same time. We may practice ho'oponopono for many months or years with no seeming "results". Perplexing behavior patterns may appear as enduring as granite.
And then change can blow through in an instant.
For example, my family has dealt with alcoholism for many years -- just not openly or effectively. Long-suppressed forces erupted on Election Day, leading to hospitalization for one family member and hopefully recovery for all. It started with someone driving erratically, scaring people enough to call police . . . leading to eventual commitment for evaluation and treatment.
It was as if something in this person demanded to be heard, manifesting enough craziness for people to finally "do something". Alcoholism often induces learned helplessness in family members; it had in mine until we were up against a wall.
The scenario was wrenching, and yet I am grateful. I had nearly lost hope. We are working through the aftermath, and planning for the future.
In Ho'oponopono, we also learn that patients often show doctors what needs healing or "cleaning" in themselves. They come to our offices in distress, also giving us another chance to make things right. So I marveled yesterday as a patient shared about a mother who, after countless years of alcoholism and self-absorption, recently got into recovery on her own. She's attending AA, making amends -- all at exactly the right time. Not only was I glad for her and the hope this gave my patient; I was also grateful for the hope it gave me.
I'm attending to my patient's needs, and also saying "thank you" for mine. We're cleaning generations of family pain in every moment.