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wild honeysuckle shrub
Lonicera maackii – Invasive Plant Atlas – . Amur honeysuckle grows especially well on calcareous soils. Larger plants may be top killed, but mostly likely will sprout from the base. Honeysuckles (Lonicera, / lɒˈnɪsərə /; syn. They may also secrete a chemical into the soil that hinders native trees. Bush honeysuckles shade out native wildflowers and young native trees on the forest floor. Holt, B. Parr, Z. Poynter, C. Schumacher, S.N. The trumpet-shaped yellow flowers bloom over a long period through the summer and attract a variety of pollinators. Not a true honeysuckle, this small, mound-shaped shrub will spread to form thickets over time, making it a good choice for massing, hedgerows or shrub borders. There are two types of honeysuckles: bush honeysuckle and native vine-like plants. Larger plants either can be pulled using a weed lever-type tool or cutting repeatedly for a few years. Honeysuckle prefers partial … The yellow flowers are small and without fragrance, but clustered and very attractive. The bad news is, they are pollinated by bees and hummingbirds, so the scent is weak. Resistant to the Russian honeysuckle aphid. All of them are similar in appearance and effect. Some of them are evergreen and ideal for hedging or topiary pieces, others are winter flowering and highly perfumed. Bark is grayish brown, tight, with broad ridges and grooves. For other alternatives to bush honeysuckle, check out the brochure, Kentucky's Native Alternatives to Invasive Plants. By dominating the understory of a woodland, they change the very structure of the natural community. Amur honeysuckle was imported as an ornamental into New York in 1898 through the New York Botanical Garden. It was clear that this little known honeysuckle shrub had incredible potential. honeysuckle is one of the most common and invasive bush honeysuckles The wonderful heady scent of Honeysuckle is captured in this Shrub. This shrub can bear fruit when it is as young as 3 to 5 years old. Additionally, researchers in the Midwest found increased nest predation of robins using Amur honeysuckle as a result of plant structure, which facilitates access to nests by predators such as snakes. Bush_honeysuckle_Clarks_Hill_10-31-09.JPG, Fall_Color_Sugar_Maple_Green_Oaks_Bush_Honeysuckle_St_Louis_County_10-28-20.jpg, Bush Honeysuckles Invasive Species Fact Sheet, Wildflowers, Grasses and Other Nonwoody Plants. Understory shrubs in forests and woodlands; also in fencerows, thickets, roadsides, pastures, old fields, and unattended areas. Bush honeysuckles are probably the most aggressive exotic plants that have escaped and naturalized in urban areas, where the woodland understory is often a solid layer of green from these shrubs. Asian bush honeysuckles invade quickly and outcompete native plants. Call 1-800-392-1111 to report poaching and arson. Twigs are grayish brown, thornless; the older branches are hollow. Petals change from white or pink to yellowish as they age. Unlike grapes, the fruit skin dissolves in your mouth unnoticed . They also compete for soil moisture and nutrients. In spring, because they leaf out so early, bush honeysuckles steal light from native plants, such as spring wildflowers and a variety of germinating seeds, which need a sunny forest floor in spring in order to flower, fruit, and gather energy for the next year. There are no sharp dividing lines between trees, shrubs, and woody vines, or even between woody and nonwoody plants. When it comes to honeysuckle shrubs, winter honeysuckle (L. fragrantissima) — grown in USDA zones 4 through 8 — is an excellent choice for informal hedges or screens. Appropriate herbicides, when applied correctly, are known to effectively control bush honeysuckle through cut stem, foliar, and bark applications. Photo Credits: Lonicera by common license thanks to Biodiversity Heritage Library. DOI 10.1017/s10530-014-0656-7. In any list of the top five invasive plant threats to Kentucky's native plant communities, bush honeysuckle would appear in all of them. Associate Editor – Nick Koenig. Originally from Eurasia; introduced for landscaping, wildlife cover, and erosion control. There are several methods for controlling–removing–invasive bush honeysuckle. Honeysuckle plants belong to the genus Lonicera and family Caprifoliaceae. These plants can be identified by the trumpet-shaped flowers caught between simple leaves arranged along the stems. Find local MDC conservation agents, consultants, education specialists, and regional offices. Use this form to receive the Lady Slipper as a monthly, email digest. Disturbance increases the likelihood of Invasive. Across North America, there are over a dozen native Lonicera species. If you prune - and it in not always essential - then ensure that you carry out your Honeysuckle pruning at the right time of year. long. The Showy Honeysuckle shrub; more leaves; flower color ranges from deep rosy pink to white; flower color ranges from deep rosy pink to white; flowers turn yellowish as they wither; exotic Honeysuckles have hollow twigs and brown pith; Photos by K. Chayka taken in Ramsey County. Birds and small animals eat the berries and deposit the seeds elsewhere, spreading these highly invasive weeds. Birds tempted to nest in the sturdy lower branches of bush honeysuckles suffer higher nest predation, being closer to the ground. Another two, Standish's (L. standishii) and Fragrant (L. fragrantissima), are less common. are arching shrubs or twining vines in the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Extensive dieback of an open-grown Amur honeysuckle stand in northern Kentucky, USA. Honeysuckle shrubs range from three- to 15-feet tall. It'll grow in the same type of moist soil as well. Few insects feed on the plant, but birds and mammals spread the fruits. However, there are also a group of Loniceras - or Honeysuckles that are actually grown as shrubs. Lonicera maackii is a woody perennial shrub that, at maturity, is typically 6'-20' tall, but occasionally taller. "Wood" is a type of tissue made of cellulose and lignin that many plants develop as they mature — whether they are "woody" or not. All of them are deciduous shrubs with opposite, egg shaped leaves, fragrant flowers, and red or orange-red berries. Its leaves often persist throughout the cold, giving a bit of winter interest. Lonicera fragrantissima - Winter Honeysuckle Cute white flowers with strong citrus fragrance bloom on bare branches in mid to late winter. There are several other species of Lonicera listed as native to Kentucky by the USDA plants database, but they're rare or endangered. to deep shade and wet to dry. It isn't quite jasmine; not quite gardenia; it's unique, powerful, and intoxicating. It leaves out earlier than most natives and form dense thickets too shady for most native species. This gives the bush honeysuckles extra strength and nutrition, which is another competitive advantage. Prevent further invasions by restoring degraded areas like forest edges or roadsides back to native shrubs to prevent invasive plants from forming monocultures by increasing resource competition. Honeysuckle Removal & Control Invasive bush honeysuckle can be removed any time of the year in St. Louis. Method 1 of 3: Pruning a Honeysuckle Shrub 1. They compete with native plants for pollinators, resulting in fewer seeds set on native species. It's unlikely you will find one in a reputable nursery. Fruits are red to orange-red berries produced in late summer and persist through the winter. As a tree, it typically grows to 15-25' tall with a broad, spreading crown. Prescribed burning, hand pulling of seedlings, cutting and applying herbicide to the stumps, and other herbicide treatments are all employed to try to control this tough, weedy plant. American Fly Honeysuckle (Lonicera canadensis) is a deciduous native shrub that bears paired yellowish flowers in May and small, bright red fruit in July. Older stems are hollow with shaggy bark. They open in June and the shrubs produce … While the carbohydrate-rich fruits of exotic honeysuckles provide some nutrition for birds and rodents in winter, they do not compare to the lipid-rich fruits of native species that provide greater energy to sustain migrating birds. To contain your honeysuckle shrub or vine, or to control an overgrown honeysuckle plant, yearly pruning is necessary. Birds and small animals eat the berries and deposit the seeds elsewhere, spreading these invasive weeds. American Fly Honeysuckle is a member of the Lonicera (Honeysuckle) genus. For shrubs, try flowering native shrubs and small trees like red elderberry, fly honeysuckle, and flowering dogwood. Young plants can be pulled by hand. If that's what you're after, consider Wisteria frutescens (L.) Poir., Kentucky wisteria. BUSH HONEYSUCKLE Diervilla lonicera Sun: Sun or Shade Moisture: Dry to Moist, Well drained Height: 50 - 100 cm Bloom Time: June/July Colour: Yellow Description: Great as a tall groundcover - Clusters of yellow, funnel shaped flowers - Spreads by roots - Red/gold fall colour. Accessed April 2020. Lonicera sempervirens is one of the longest-blooming natives available to us here in Kentucky. The shrubs are upright and deciduous. Leaves are deciduous, opposite, simple, 1–3 inches long, narrowly oval with a rounded or pointed tip, the margin entire (not toothed or lobed); upper surface green, lower surface pale green and slightly fuzzy. In the late 1800's amur honeysuckles were introduced to North America to the Dominion Arboretum in Ottawa and to the Botanical Garden in New York for their attractive flowers. Biol. White flowers appear in March before the foliage and are followed by edible, round, red plums with bright yellow pulp which ripen in early summer. See the link to "Control" below. Edges are toothless, hairless and often a bit wavy. Thatcher, and M. Vater. More information about the two types of bush honeysuckles in Missouri: Statewide. Anyone can grow this shrub. Honeysuckle Shrubs. It's also more assertive than the native Lonicera, so it might require a bit more care to keep it under control. This cultivar was introduced by the University of Minnesota's Department of Horticultural Science and Landscape Architecture. The most important thing to know is how to tell it apart from native honeysuckle. Honeysuckle (Lonicera periclymenum) Twining, scented woodland stunner. Similar to Lonicera, you'll get the most blooms in full sun, but it will tolerate shade. A sun-loving, suckering shrub that has impressive color-changing foliage, the Northern Bush Honeysuckle grows densely and can be an impressive addition to hedgerows or garden borders. Botanical name: Lonicera Shrubby honeysuckles (Lonicera) are well suited to a woodland garden, with their sometimes scented flowers, attractive autumn fruit and unkempt habit. Though two other native shrub honeysuckles, bush-honeysuckle (Diervilla [ii] lonicera) and Southern bush-honeysuckle (Diervilla sessilifolia) have recently become commercially available, and quite popular, nurseries and wholesale propagators do not seem interested in Lonicera canadensis. It's easy to understand why homeowners planted the invasive Loniceras. except for Minnesota, Maine and Florida and has been reported to be Although deciduous, in Kentucky the bush honeysuckles retain their leaves longer in the fall than native shrubs and leaf out earlier in the spring. According to Northern Arizona University, this native honeysuckle was used by Native Americans to cleanse the bowels. The seeds are consumed and spread by some species of songbirds generally after other more nutritious native foods are gone. Learn to identify bush honeysuckles and help in the fight to control their expanding numbers. These plants provide year-round interest in a garden. The good news is that we have native Lonicera. Where alternatives are concerned, there's good and bad news. Shrubs are less than 13 feet tall, with multiple stems. The base is woody and gnarly (interesting to look at) but the vigorous upper vines are gentle and easily coiffed if necessary. Our mission is to promote education, preservation, and protection of native plants and natural communities. Unlike blueberry plants, it does not require any special soil or pH to grow successfully. There are three species of bush honeysuckle commonly found in Kentucky: Amur (Lonicera maackii), Morrow's (L. morrowii), and Tartarian (L. tatarica). Most of us have seen invasive Lonicera while hiking or even around town. It is adaptable to a range of conditions from sun invasive in many. €5.50 Wild Rosehip Shrub Pro-biotic Organic Irish Apple Cider Vinegar infused with Wild Rosehips. All of the invasive honeysuckle species found in Vermont have a hollow pith. Needless to say, there are different pruning regimes for both types. Bella hybrids: leaf blades are rounded or broadly angled to a bluntly or sharply pointed tip, sometimes tapered abruptly to a minute, sharp point. It's best to wait until after the flowering season to ensure that the branches are producing … In late autumn, leaves typically remain green and attached well after the leaves of our native trees and shrubs have fallen. The sprouts must be treated as well. It's brilliant red trumpet-shaped flowers spring into life as early as late March and persist into fall, even early winter. The non-native varieties include tartarian honeysuckle, Morrow's honeysuckle, and amur honeysuckle. Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window). Boyce, R.L., S.N. Honeysuckle Shrub "Best New Product" 2015 Wild Blackberry Shrub – Bronze 2014 Honeysuckle Shrub – Finalist 2014 Elderberry Syrup – Silver 2013 Rosehip Syrup – Finalist 2013 Listowel Food Awards. This also helps to be able to identify these plants, for easier removal. The berries of bush honeysuckles are mildly toxic to humans but are strongly bad-tasting. long, borne from leaf axils, five petals, upper 4 fused. pastures, and roadsides. The color will be more dramatic on plantings that receive more sunlight. However, we recommend early spring and late fall, because it has leaves when our native shrubs and trees don't. A single bright orange sugar maple stands out amid mostly green oaks and a dense understory of invasive bush honeysuckle. Honeysuckle is deciduous evergreen shrubs that give off a sweet smell, especially in the summer. You can see bush honeysuckle shrubs growing wild in the Eastern part of the United States. It occurs in most states in the eastern U.S. This deciduous shrub, also known as Withe Rod, produces clusters of small white flowers in late June and colorful, pinkish berry-like fruit which matures to near-black in fall. Invasive honeysuckles are herbaceous shrubs native to Korea, Japan and China. By Susan Harkins, Jeff Nelson, & David Taylor. It has been observed severely injuring and killing open grown populations of Amur honeysuckle. It's purple blooms are larger and showier, and it'll grow a bit larger than Lonicera, but the native species isn't as harmful to structures as the invasive Wisteria floribunda and Wisteria sinensis. Prune the bush between April and June. Vines require support or else sprawl over the ground. Sort of a vine, sort of a shrub, the plant develops into a broad irregular tangled mass providing great cover for birds. Bush honeysuckles are large, upright, spreading shrubs reaching up to 15–20 feet in height, with flowers that change from white to yellow; juicy red berries; and opposite, simple leaves that green up much earlier than surrounding native vegetation. Botanical name: Lonicera Besides the much loved climbers, honeysuckles include a number of useful shrubs. Bush Honeysuckle, Diervilla lonicera, has dense, dark green foliage that turns yellow-orange, then red to purple in the autumn. Photos courtesy Peter M. Dziuk taken in Chisago and St. Louis county. Goats are particularly fond of this this plant and will rapidly consume young plants and any they can climb into. Height: to 20 feet (Amur honeysuckle); 6–15 feet (bella honeysuckle). Subscribe to the Lady Slipper Email Newsletter, Kentucky's Native Alternatives to Invasive Plants, From the Lady Slipper Archive: Kentucky's 'Tropical' Fruit, the Pawpaw, From the Lady Slipper Archive: 2005 Wildflower of the Year, SHOWY GOLDENROD (Solidago speciosa), Kentucky Botanical Symposium 2020 (Virtual), What your gardening friends really want for Christmas, From the Lady Slipper Archive: Floracliff's Old Trees, Flora of the Southeastern United States – 2020 Edition, A messy winter garden makes good wildlife habitat, Kentucky Native Plant Society, P.O. The black elderberry - from the family of the honeysuckle plant - is a fast-growing indigenous wild copse that spreads over the whole of mid-Europe to Asia. Wild Honeysuckle Azalea - Shrubs Gardenality is a gardening-centric site made by gardeners for gardeners with tools that enhance any gardening for the expert to the weekend gardener. To distinguish between the two invasive bush honeysuckles, note the following technical descriptions: Similar species: Other native and nonnative honeysuckles that occur in Missouri are twining woody vines, not bushes. They all take tenacity and a bit of effort. Most will know Lonicera as climbing shrubs - better known as Honeysuckle. Another shrub commonly found in Adirondack wetlands – this time a member of the Honeysuckle family – is Northern Wild Raisin (Viburnum nudumvar cassinoides). The leaves emerge dark red, then turn deep green, developing bronze tones. Flowers are paired, tubular, white to pinkish, fading to yellow, less than 1 in. It spreads by fruits that are abundant and highly attractive to birds that consume them and defecate the seeds in new locations. Best Beverage 2014 "Gold" – Rosehip Syrup Overall Supreme Champion 2014 – Dandelion Flower Preserve Irish Food Guide. ), a dense multi-stemmed shrub with opposite Cutting larger plants and allowing goats to eat the sprouts can be effective, but could take several years depending on what root reserves the plants have. The four invasive species are difficult to distinguish from one another. Lonicera maackii is a woody perennial shrub that, at maturity, is typically 6'-20' tall, but occasionally taller. including forest edges, forest interiors, floodplains, old fields, They can grow to be 15 feet high. Wisteria is stronger and woodier than Lonicera so it will require a stronger support, such as a strong arbor. NE Contact your local Extension Office, or Natural Resources Conservation Service office or Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife private lands biologist for recommendations concerning herbicide choice, application rate and application method that best suit your conditions and needs. Wild plum is a small single trunk tree or multi-stemmed shrub. It was originally planted in the U.S. as an ornamental shrub, but it quickly escaped gardens and naturalized throughout much of the eastern U.S. to the Great Plains into a variety of sites including roadsides and railroads, woodland borders, some forests, fields, unused or disturbed lands and yard edges. China, Japan, Korea, and Russian Far East. Honeysuckle produces a highly-flavor scent, making them a magnet for butterflies, bees, and hummingbirds. The first, creamy-white blossoms open in late winter or early spring and the bloom season continues for a … Managing Editor – Susan Harkins However, the honeysuckle leaf blight fungus (Insolibasidium deformans) has been found in both northern and central Kentucky. Evergreen forms are suitable for creating low-growing hedges. Bush honeysuckles tolerate many habitats and can become established nearly anywhere that birds can go. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identified in North America and Eurasia. they may produce a chemical that inhibits the growth of native plants. The pith of mature stems is hollow and white or tan. Fruits mature in September–October; typically red berries about ¼ inch across, 2–6 seeded, in pairs in the axils of the leaves. Amur When stems or branches are cut off, the plant resprouts with more branches, leaves, flowers, and fruits. Because of the similarities and because it is the most widespread of the bush honeysuckles, the rest of this article will concentrate on Amur honeysuckle. Unfortunately, Lonicera sempervirens won't gift you with a glorious fragrance. In comparison, the invasive is pollinated by moths—hence the strong evening scent. It also makes a nice potted plant for areas where you will enjoy the lemony fragrance most. As with many invasive species, bush honeysuckle can grow and thrive over a wide range of habitats. Once spread into the wild, it can form dense, shrubby, understory colonies that eliminate native woody and herbaceous plants. What the natives lack in fragrance, they make up for in color (to attract the bees and hummingbirds). The stalk below the paired flowers is 5–19 mm long (about ¼–¾ inch). €5.50 Wild Blackberry Shrub Blas na hEireann Bronze Winner 2014. Sugar Maple, Oaks, and Bush Honeysuckle in Autumn. There are slight differences in appearance between Amur honeysuckle and the other bush honeysuckles, but in general they are similar enough to easily recognize. It is one of six native honeysuckles found in the Adirondack Park. Honeysuckle is one example of a non-native invasive shrub that fits that description. The beginning of the end? Amur honeysuckle flowers late April to June, and the white and yellowish flowers produce red berries in the fall that may contain more than 1 million seeds on mature (25-year-old), 20-foot tall plants. Whether you were raised in Kentucky or you're an implant, you've probably enjoyed the luscious fragrance of honeysuckle as the sun begins to set. This deciduous shrub blooms from April through June and will usually get to a height of 15 feet. Although there is one honeysuckle native to the area, the majority of the honeysuckles we see these days are non-native and invasive. The shrubs are upright and deciduous. Caprifolium Mill.) Brendon Panke, UW Extension Weed Science Revised: 01/31/2011 Learn to identify bush honeysuckle (Lonicera spp. No biological controls are currently available for this plant. The bush variety is often found in yards, whereas the wild native plants grow more commonly in the woods. Invasive plants such as this nonnative bush honeysuckle can cause problems for native wildlife species and for humans. It occurs in disturbed habitats The type called "bella" is an artificially derived hybrid between two Eurasian species. 2004. It does not generally root sprout. Knowing how to identify them is the first step to removing them. This trumpet-like flower is a paradise for wildlife, with its sweet, heady fragrance calling to nearby species, particularly on warm summer evenings. Infestations begin primarily near urban areas, where they escape from cultivation, but bush honeysuckles quickly spread to natural habitats and may be found nearly anywhere. Leaves are deciduous, opposite, simple, 1–3 inches long, narrowly oval with a rounded or pointed tip, the margin entire (not toothed or lobed); upper surface green, lower surface pale green and slightly fuzzy. As a shrub, it suckers freely and can form large colonies. Bush honeysuckles also spread from the roots, suckering to create new bushes nearby to further dominate an area. megafood.nl Der schwarze Holunder, ein schnellwachsendes heimisches Gehölz aus der Familie der Geißblattgewächse, wird hauptsächlich in Mitteleeuropa kultiviert, während seine natürliche Verbreitung über ganz Europa bis Asien reicht. Lonicera maackii (Amur) and Lonicera x bella (bella), Bush Honeysuckle at Clarks Hill/Norton SHS. Stonebraker, M.D. Box 6862, Frankfort, KY 40602. Trees are woody plants over 13 feet tall with a single trunk. This shrub can be pruned into a hedge and kept under control. You will also occasionally receive other mailings from KNPS such as announcements of field trips and workshops. There are no upcoming events at this time. Lonicera arizonica Arizona honeysuckle In the photo above is Lonicera arizonica which is a native Arizona Honeysuckle. They grow to 5 feet tall and 5 feet wide. All are members of the Caprifoliaceae (Honeysuckle) family. (Resist growing it along a fence or up the side of your house because it's difficult to remove.) The fruits appear noticeably stalked at maturity. Crabapples, plums, and shrub dogwoods are also excellent choices. Then, in fall, bush honeysuckles remain green after other woody species have lost their leaves. Amur honeysuckle impedes reforestation of cut or disturbed areas and prevents reestablishment of native plants. suitable habitat. Comments. Brossart, L.A. Bryant, L.A. Fehrenbach, R. Hetzer, J.E. The newsletter of the Kentucky Native Plant Society, published since 1986. The climbing honeysuckle is a classic addition to a … She says it had gone wild, turned more into a vine and covered a whole hillside. Leaves are opposite, 1½ to 3½ inches long, 1 to 2½ inches wide, somewhat variable in shape, from lance-elliptic to egg-shaped to widest above the middle (obovate), rounded to blunt at the tip, and mostly rounded at the base. The flavours of late summer Wild Dog Rosehips handpicked on the wild areas of the farm. We protect and manage the fish, forest, and wildlife of the state. First off, honeysuckles are very easy to grow. However, they grow very quickly and can overtake other small plants in your garden. Fire will kill seedlings. Plant early-flowering bulbs under shrubby honeysuckles for a late winter pick-me-up. They're everywhere. It prefers moist soil and full sun, but tolerates shade, although, in the shade, it will produce blooms for a shorter period of time. In Kentucky, we have one to consider: Lonicera sempervirens L., trumpet or coral honeysuckle. It may have allelopathic effects on neighboring plant species. Steps. Where does it grow? We facilitate and provide opportunity for all citizens to use, enjoy, and learn about these resources. Although deciduous, in Kentucky the bush honeysuckles retain their leaves longer in the fall than native shrubs and leaf out earlier in the spring. There are around 200 species of honeysuckles, that include both shrubs and vines. In Kentucky, all shrub honeysuckles are exotic and invasive. Honeysuckle flowers are tubular in shape and fragrant, producing red berries. It is a perennial vine or shrub that you find in the open at elevations of 6,000 – 9,000 feet. Honeysuckle Vine and Shrub Identification A wild honeysuckle vine is commonly found along roadsides, in disturbed areas or even climbing on a … Trunk tree or multi-stemmed shrub with opposite, ovate with a single bright orange colors add a happy to! And should be left unchanged manage the fish, forest interiors, floodplains, old fields and... This plant are opposite, ovate with a glorious fragrance variety is often in! 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12th Grade English Books, Red Swan Pizza Coupon, Nemo Dagger Recall, Cleveland Rta Green, Medical Uses For Crisco, Innocent Monster Fgo, Jurema Preta Seeds, Big Boy Beach Chair, Bed Bath And Beyond Beach Chairs,


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Romsey Abbey
0.7 km from the Cromwell Arms is the Romsey Abbey which is an intact medieval hall house. It is a splendid example of an English Abbey and is currently used as a church. Lord Mountbatten is buried there plus a burial of an unknown woman. It holds a very spiritual aura and visitors are encouraged to sometimes join in the activities happening in the church for the full Abbey house experience. There are no entry fees asked for but donations are all too welcome at the entry or even exit in case you're interested.
For performing arts you'll need to go 1.2 km from our hotel to reach the Plaza Theatre. For quality check, it has earned its Certificate of Excellence so you know you'll be served only the best art. It has a charm that draws visitors in till they are regular attendees. The cast's passion always shines through along with an undeniably well-organised performance! The tickets are also very reasonably priced. They open from 19:30 to 22:30 but only on show days only. The maximum time you'll spend here is an hour to 2 hours max.
Therapeutic Healing and Wellness
Their services are absolute bliss and they have been known to relieve stress considerably. Located in Latimer Street, their treatments include acupuncture, reflexology and life and wellness coaching. They even allow you to take their services into your home with their over the phone life and wellness coaching. They use Neal's Yard aromatherapy oils which are sheer heaven and you'll leave their premise smelling divine. The maximum duration of your stay will be around 2 hours.
Check out https://www.visitromsey.org/ for more information on What's On in Romsey.
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الصناعات
اغتيك
Food and Ag Council
California Mobility Center
تبدا
التصنيع المتقدم
Access & Location
ديمغرافي
Digital Upskill Program
Healthcare & K-12 Education
مقاطعه الدورادو
مقاطعه بليسر
مدينه لينكولن
Town of Loomis
مدينه روك
مدينه رواشبيليه
مقاطعه سكرامنتو
مدينه مرتفعات الحمضيات
مدينه ألك جروف
مدينه فولسوم
مدينه غالت
مدينه رانشو كوردوفا
مدينه سكرامنتو
مقاطعه سوتير
مدينه يوبا
مقاطعه يولو
مدينه ديفيس
مدينه ساكرامنتو الغربية
مدينه الغابات
مقاطعه يوبا
مجلس الاداره
مجلس المنافسة
Greater Sacramento's comprehensive network of public and private universities and community and technical colleges fosters entrepreneurship, innovation and community-based learning. Graduates of the region's programs stand ready to meet the challenges of the future.
university in the world
for veterinary science
university in the nation
among public
universities in the US
Sources: QS World University Rankings 2020, Wall Street Journal
جامعه كاليفورنيا ، ديفيس
UC Davis is the home of the Aggies — go-getters, changemakers and problem solvers. UC Davis is one of the nation's top public research universities, with more than a century of service to the region, the nation and the world. Its four colleges, six professional schools, more than 100 academic majors and 90 graduate programs provide a comprehensive, rigorous and research-based learning environment while its nationally recognized health system provides comprehensive treatment, teaching and research facilities.
جامعه ولاية كاليفورنيا ، سكرامنتو
A recognized leader in education, innovation and engagement, California State University, Sacramento prepares students to be leaders in their professions and communities. The University's professors are known for their dedication to great teaching, and smaller class sizes allow for extensive research opportunities. Sacramento State has 60 undergraduate programs and 40 graduate programs, including two doctorate programs.
most diverse university in the U.S.
High-achieving private universities
جامعه ولاية كاليفورنيا الشمالية
California Northstate University is an educational institution dedicated to advancing to the art and science of healthcare, providing innovative education and healthcare delivery systems and educating, training and developing individuals to provide competent, patient-centered care. The University's planned $750 million teaching hospital in Elk Grove will include a Level II trauma center.
جامعه المحيط الهادئ
University of the Pacific's Sacramento Campus is an interdisciplinary center offering graduate degree programs in health, education, business and public policy as well as a bachelor's degree completion program for working professionals. Anchored by the Pacific McGeorge School of Law, the campus is adding programs keyed to the needs of the Greater Sacramento region.
جامعه وليام جيسوب
William Jessup University is a faith-based institution founded in 1939 in Rocklin offering an array of undergraduate and graduate programs. In 2019, US News ranked the University second for Best Regional Colleges – West and second for Best Colleges for Veterans.
Excellent community and technical colleges
Greater Sacramento offers a rich network of community and technical colleges, including the second largest community college district in California, Los Rios. These institutions offer degree and workforce development programs in a myriad of industries, including advanced manufacturing, agriculture, automotive, energy and more.
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A Shaun The Sheep Movie: Farmageddon film review: wonderful SF fun from Aardman
Aardman deliver a love-letter to classic SF with the funny and visually inventive A Shaun The Sheep Movie: Farmageddon
By Amy West	 18-10-19 66,091
Will Becher, Richard Phelan
Mark Burton, John Brown
Justin Fletcher, John Sparkes, Amalia Vitale
If you like this, try...
Aardman's best sees a group of plucky hens team up with a cocky rooster to break out of their enclosure.
Considering the huge success of Shaun The Sheep Movie back in 2015, it's no surprise that the eponymous anthropomorphic hero is back for a sequel – Aardman Animations' first feature-length follow-up, in fact. And while it may not be the best outing in the studio's back catalogue, A Shaun the Sheep Movie: Farmaggedon is still worthy of such an honour.
Unlike so many animated movies these days – which think the more brightly-coloured and boisterous the better – Farmaggedon is delightfully quaint as it sees its wordless protagonist continue to torment his nemesis Bitzer the dog, playing frisbee in the fields of Mossy Bottom Farm and ordering pizza when the Farmer isn't looking. But chaos-loving Shaun finds himself adopting a more responsible outlook when he stumbles across an adorable extraterrestrial named Lu-La, who needs his flock's help to escape the clutches of an alien-hunting organisation and get back to her home planet.
The role reversal makes for many of the film's standout moments, like when curious Lu-La discovers the effects of a fizzy drink-induced sugar rush in a local supermarket, much to Shaun's dismay. Or, when she uses her telekinetic abilities to launch a dumpster into the sky or drive a tractor so fast it leaves geometric circles in the nearby crops.
Chicken Run's Mrs. Tweedy is arguably Aardman's most iconic villain, bouncing off her inept husband with comedic results. Farmaggedon utilizes a similar dynamic with Agent Red and her useless, hazmat suit-wearing cronies. It's sure to entertain littluns when they start taking selfies with Bitzer in a bike helmet, thinking he's an intergalactic being, while she's rolling her eyes in the background. She's got a surprising amount of depth too, which is no mean feat in a movie where no one really speaks. But through poignant flashbacks, the film doubles down on its sweet message about not judging people – or martians – on first appearances.
Elsewhere, older audience members will have fun spotting sci-fi movie references, from Alien and 2001: A Space Odyssey to Arrival. Visually, it's a triumph too, as it expands Shaun's contained world far beyond the fences of the farm. Simply put, it's baa-rilliant.
A Shaun The Sheep Movie: Farmageddon new trailer gets abducted "We wanted to do something Aardman haven't done before" Inside A Shaun The Sheep Movie: Farmageddon Win A Shaun The Sheep Movie: Farmageddon on Blu-ray with our competition! Shaun The Sheep Movie 2: Farmageddon new trailer phones home Diamantino film review London Film Festival 2018: a deeply weird and wonderful trip
Tags: A Shaun The Sheep Movie: Farmageddon


At that time I was taking Apricot Kernels for a skin tumor on my side. I published also a group of videos about my use of the product known as black salve. It is also called Cansema.
The company that makes the one that I buy calls it Indian Herb.
I got back to normal on my health. And I stopped taking Apricot Kernels and I didn't need black salve anymore either.
Apricot Kernels, but over time, I just let them go.
Well, it's 2018 now, September and I feel that it would have been a good idea to have kept a maintenance dosing schedule.
Possibly using them 3 or 4 days out of a month even.
So, I am taking them once again, and some other supplements.
What is happening is that, where a deep cavity of mine is healing, has been healing for three years, under that tooth there seems to be cancer growing.
If you listen to my video, below about using the Apricot kernels, I speak to how it felt when the kernels would ooze into that side of my jaw. I felt that there was cancer in that spot at that time; and black salve also worked well on that area.
Now, I am re-taking my Apricot kernels, but I am wishing that I hadn't have stopped them.
Prevention and maintenance are very important in cancer!
I'll keep you up to date at my YouTube channel, and here about my progress.
The cracked tooth and my cavity are doing great! The cracked one is growing in full and the cavity has grown in well also!


I have received many more requests than I anticipated for the password to the protected posts. I only feel truly comfortable giving out the password if you are a friend/family member, frequent commenter, or author of a blog that I can access. Please do not be offended if I don't respond to your request as I am simply trying to protect the privacy of some of the issues surrounding my school that have the potential to 'out' where I work.
how would you feel about me being on the inside? It's OK if you don't want to give out the password…after all, that's what they are for….but I'd love to read more.


text:
Ма́йское се́льское поселе́ние — муниципальное образование Белгородского района Белгородской области России.

Административный центр — посёлок Майский.

Географическое положение
Посёлок Майский расположен в 12 км на юго-запад от Белгорода по левую и правую стороны автомагистрали  Москва — Симферополь.

История
Майское сельское поселение образовано 20 декабря 2004 года в соответствии с Законом Белгородской области № 159.

Население

Состав сельского поселения

Примечания

Ссылки
 Официальный сайт администрации
 Сельское поселение на сайте Белгородского района

Сельские поселения Белгородской области
Муниципальные образования Белгородского района

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Choose your favorite character to race against each other. In Spiderman vs Batman you need to win the race to qualify for the next level. Collect gadgets to score points. Have Fun!
Use the direction keys to play this free superhero game online. Press spacebar for booster.
According to listverse.com there are many fun and exciting facts about Spiderman for kids. Spiderman is easily one of the most recognizable super heroes. Although a super hero, he is spared none of the slings and arrows of ordinary life; he experiences difficulties with friends, family, sweethearts and employers. His powers enable him to do good, but not to improve his own lot in life, and it is his simple humanity, rather than his exotic talent, that has won him millions of enthusiastic fans. He may not know if you've been bad or good, but he can always sense when you're dangerous. Spiderman possesses many incredible abilities, but his most amazing power must be his uncanny spider-sense. This strange tingling sensation, which originates in the back of his skull, warns him of danger. Since his spider-sense instinctively reacts to trouble, Spiderman depends on it most when he is in a fight, weaving his way through a hail of bullets without a scratch. Over the years he has come to realize that his reflexes work a lot faster than his mind. Because he can trust his Spider quick reflexes completely, Spidey is free to come up with the witty one-liners he spouts to distract his opponents.
According to ducksters.com there are many fun facts about Batman for kids. Batman is one of the most popular superheroes in history. His first appearance was in the May 1939 issue of comic book Detective Comics from DC Comics. He is also called the Caped Crusader and the Dark Knight. His superhero partners over the years include sidekick Robin, Batgirl, police commissioner Jim Gordon, and Alfred his assistant and butler. Batman's costume also is made of special material acting like armor. His cape can spread out like wings which can be used to glide down safely from heights. The two most famous villains are the Joker and the Penguin. Other villains include Two-Face, Poison Ivy, the Scarecrow, the Riddler, Mr. Freeze, and Catwoman. The Penguin is a criminal mastermind. He usually is surrounded by henchmen, but can defend himself with his multi-function umbrella that can do many things from enabling him to fly to shooting like a gun to becoming a flamethrower.


text:
Gratia är ett av tre fartyg ägda av Stiftelsen Svenska Kryssarklubbens Seglarskola, de andra två är Gratitude och . Gratia är en före detta lyxyacht, till skillnad från de andra två fartygen vilka är kuttrar. Seglarskolans verksamhet är belägen vid Nya Varvet i Göteborg där fartygen ligger under vintrarna.

Historia

England och tillbaka
Gratia, först döpt till Bertha, är byggd 1900 i Cowes på Isle of Wight. Varvet var H. Hansen & Co och designer var A.E Payne, ett systerbolag till Camper & Nicholson på samma ö. Samma år som Gratia byggdes på H. Hansen & Co byggdes ytterligare två fartyg på varvet. Det skall jämföras med Camper & Nicholson som lät bygga 15 fartyg under samma år. Hennes första ägare hette J. K. Soames från London och hemmahamn var Southampton. Han ägde Bertha till 1915. Under den tiden fick hon nytt segelställ två gånger, 1905 och 1910, och alla tre ställen är gjorda av Ratsey & Lapthorn. Bertha var byggd och riggad som yawl. Detta betyder längre klyvarbom, längre storbom, rorkult och en liten mesan som skotades i ett "rövstrå" i aktern.

1916 fick Bertha ny ägare och döptes om till Aziade. Den nya ägaren var en fransman vid namn Maurice Delahaye från Avenue Mozart i Paris. Aziade fick hemmahamn i Le Havre på den franska kusten. 1920 var inte Aziade med i Lloyd's Register of Yachts men återkommer 1921 med ny ägare.

Från 1921 till 1928 var Aziade återigen registrerad i Southampton. Den nya ägaren var en W.J.M. Burton som de sista två åren han ägde båten blev adlig och gick under namnet Sir William J.M. Burton. W.J.M. Burton installerade år 1926 en fyrcylindrig paraffinmotor (fotogen) som troligtvis dock inte tog upp henne i några större hastigheter.

Ett nytt ägarbyte ägde rum 1929, då kom en R. Ashton in som ägare, även han bodde i London och han registrerade hennes hemmahamn som London. Han hade henne i sin ägo till 1935. 1930 fick hon ett nytt segelställ av en segelmakare som hette Gowen.

Under 1936 var det återigen en ny ägare, en K. McConnel som kom att döpa om henne till Blue Shadow.

Einar Hansen

1937 finns det inga uppgifter i Lloyd's Register of Yachts men 1938 kom det återigen en ny ägare. Det var Einar Hansen, skeppsredare från Malmö. Einar Hansen döpte om henne till Cinderella. 1939 genomgick Cinderella en större renovering, bland annat installerades en oljemotor, en 6-cylindrig Thornycraft, på cirka 27 hästkrafter, man drog också in elektrisk ström. Samma år riggade Hansen om henne till skonare (den riggen var ritad av Kurt Reimers) och lät lägga om däcket, återigen till ett teakdäck. 1953 installerades en 6-cylindrig Penta på 150 hästkrafter.

Cinderella var skeppsredarens privata, vitmålade lustyacht fram till 1964 då hon donerades till Seglarskolan och fick namnet Gratia.

I samband med att hon kom i Seglarskolans ägo gjordes förändringar i inredningen för att passa som utbildningsfartyg för 18 elever. I mitten på 1970-talet riggades hon om till ketch, för att få liknande riggtyp som Gratitude och en enkel rigg att handskas med för ungdom. 1987 fattade Seglarskolan beslut om att totalrenovera Gratia. Först genomgick fartyget en omfattande skrovrenovering. 1988-89 var det dags för ombyggnad av inredning, byte av tankar, elsystem med mera. Generalarrangemanget är delvis nytt med plats för alla 18 eleverna i mässen. Hälleviksstrands varv arbetade på inredningen i samarbete med Seglarskolans arkitekter. Inredningen är byggd i teak och ask med den gamla yachtkaraktären från tidigt 1900-tal väl bevarad.

Tekniska data
Båttyp: Gaffelketch / Yacht
Byggår: 1900
Båten har åtta segel i sin gaffelsegelrigg.
Storsegel
Storsegeltopp
Fock
Klyvare
Jagare
Mesan
Mesantopp
Mesanstagsegel ("Röde baron")

Olika versioner av seglen finns ombord för olika vindstyrkor och riktningar. Som exempel kan nämnas mesanstagsegel vilket finns i två varianter, en mer undanvindsanpassad variant som är färgad i en karakteristisk röd färg ("Röde baron"), och en mer halvvindsanpassad som är färgad segeldukens naturliga färg beige.

Se även
Gratitude

Stiftelsen Svenska Kryssarklubbens Seglarskola
Skolfartyg
Gratia Dei

Externa länkar
Stiftelsen SXK Seglarskolas officiella webbplats

Svenska segelfartyg
Svenska skolfartyg


Honda in general and Ten Kate Honda in particular have proved imperious in the WSS series recently with seven straight Riders' Championships, one for the CBR600FS in 2002 and then the CBR600RR from then on.
(Hannspree Ten Kate Honda CBR600RR) and the 2001 and 2008 champion Andrew Pitt (Hannspree Ten Kate Honda CBR600RR) are teamed up in the Hannspree Ten Kate garage this year, making a strong play case for this being the WSS dream team of all time.
"I am very happy and cannot wait to race my bike again next weekend�, said Sofuoglu. �It was a little difficult to find a rhythm on the first day of this test but it all came together on day two and the bike is feeling fantastic again. There is still some more to come but I'm comfortable with the bike, the team and everything, so I'm really feeling positive for the season ahead."
"The times have been pretty good, even though we had a few problems yesterday and only managed about an hour in the morning when the conditions here are at their best. We made some changes and today I did a few laps first thing, changed tyres and was on it straight away. I'm looking forward to the race next weekend, especially starting the season at home as world champion�, commented Pitt.
Honda machines are a popular choice for 2009 as usual, and as well as the Ten Kate riders there are several top level CBR600RR entries in with chances of podium finishes or more.
Hannspree Honda Althea returns once more in WSS, with Mark Aitchison and Matthieu Lagrive, but they have internally promoted Tommy Hill from WSS to WSB, in a lone rider CBR1000RR set-up.
Another potent pairing, this time in WSS, is new full-time rider Eugene Laverty and seasoned Parkalgar Honda competitor Miguel Praia. Unlike most other Honda teams, the Parkalgar riders did not get the chance to ride at Phillip Island in recent tests, but they will be running 2009 machinery, while some others in WSS, notably Ten Kate, will be on 2008 bikes at the start of the season.
"The waiting is almost over for me and I can't wait to get on track and competing for a championship�, said Laverty.
�After two years on an uncompetitive 250cc GP bike it is brilliant to be racing a competitive four-stroke again and with a team that I have the utmost confidence and faith in. I know Phillip Island so hopefully I can adapt quickly to the track and be near the front from the start. I hope that I can come away with a decent haul of points or maybe even a podium finish. One thing's for sure, my Championship challenge starts here and I'll be giving it my all."


text:
Tag: Asphalt Driveway Paving Near Me and Asphalt Laying Services
The primary use (70%) of asphalt Asphalt Driveway Resurfacing is in road construction, where it is used as the glue or binder mixed with aggregate particles to create asphalt concrete. Its other main uses are for bituminous waterproofing products, including production of roofing felt and for sealing flat roofs.
The word "asphalt" is derived from the late Middle English, in turn from French asphalte, based on Late Latin asphalton, asphaltum, which is the latinisation of the Greek ἄσφαλτος (ásphaltos, ásphalton), a word meaning "asphalt/bitumen/pitch" which perhaps derives from ἀ-, "without" and σφάλλω (sfallō), "make fall". Asphalt Driveway Cost 2018 the first use of asphalt by the ancients was in the nature of a cement for securing or joining together various objects, and it thus seems likely that the name itself was expressive of this application. Specifically, Herodotus mentioned that bitumen was brought to Babylon to build its gigantic fortification wall.[11] From the Greek, the word passed into late Latin, and thence into French (asphalte) and English ("asphaltum" and "asphalt"). In French, the term asphalte is used for naturally occurring asphalt-soaked limestone deposits, and for specialised manufactured products with fewer voids or greater bitumen content than the "asphaltic concrete" used to pave roads.
Bleeding (roads)
Raised sidewalks beside a 2000-year-old paved road, Pompeii, Italy
A sidewalk (American English) or pavement (British English), also known as a footpath or footway, is a path along the side of a road. A sidewalk may accommodate moderate changes in grade (height) and is normally separated from the vehicular section by a curb. There may also be a median strip or road verge (a strip of vegetation, grass or bushes or trees or a combination of these) either between the sidewalk and the roadway or between the sidewalk and the boundary.
In some places, the same term may also be used for a paved path, trail or footpath that is not next to a road, for example, a path through a park.
The term "sidewalk" is usually preferred in most of North America, along with many other countries worldwide that are not members of the Commonwealth of Nations. The term "pavement" is more common in the United Kingdom,[1] as well as parts of the Mid-Atlantic United States such as Philadelphia and New Jersey.[2][3] Many Commonwealth countries use the term "footpath". The professional, civil engineering and legal term for this in North America is "sidewalk" while in the United Kingdom it is "footway".[4]
In the United States, the term sidewalk is used for the pedestrian path beside a road. "Shared use paths" or "multi-use paths" are available for use by both pedestrians and bicyclists.[5] "Walkway" is a more comprehensive term that includes stairs, ramps, passageways, and related structures that facilitate the use of a path as well as the sidewalk.[6]
In the UK, the term "footpath" is mostly used for paths that do not abut a roadway.[7] The term "shared-use path" is used where cyclists are also able to use the same section of path as pedestrians.[8]
East India House, Leadenhall Street, London, 1766. The sidewalk is separated from the main street by six bollards in front of the building.
There is evidence that sidewalks were built in ancient times. It was claimed that the Greek city of Corinth was paved by the 4th-century, and the Romans were particularly prolific sidewalk builders – they called them semitas.[9]
However, by the Middle Ages, narrow roads had reverted to being simultaneously used by pedestrians and wagons without any formal separation between the two categories. Early attempts at ensuring the adequate maintenance of foot-ways or sidewalks were often made, such as the 1623 Act for Colchester, although they were generally not very effective.[10]
Following the Great Fire of London in 1666, attempts were slowly made to bring some order to the sprawling city. In 1671, 'Certain Orders, Rules and Directions Touching the Paving and Cleansing The Streets, Lanes and Common Passages within the City of London' were formulated, calling for all streets to be adequately paved for pedestrians with cobblestones. Purbeck stone was widely used as a durable paving material. Bollards were also installed to protect pedestrians from the traffic in the middle of the road.
A series of Paving Acts from the House of Commons during the 18th century, especially the 1766 Paving & Lighting Act, authorized the City of London Corporation to create foot-ways throughout all the streets of London, to pave them with Purbeck stone (the thoroughfare in the middle was generally cobblestone) and to raise them above the street level with curbs forming the separation.[11] The Corporation was also made responsible for the regular upkeep of the roads, including their cleaning and repair, for which they charged a tax from 1766.[12] By the late 19th-century large and spacious sidewalks were routinely constructed in European capitals, and were associated with urban sophistication.
In the United States, adjoining property owners must in most situations finance all or part of the cost of sidewalk construction. In a legal case in 1917 involving E. L. Stewart, a former member of the Louisiana House of Representatives and a lawyer in Minden in Webster Parish, the Louisiana Supreme Court ruled that owners must pay whether they wish for the sidewalk to be constructed or not.[13]
Pedestrians walking on the pavement (sidewalk) in London.
Sidewalks play an important role in transportation, as they provide a safe path for people to walk along that is separated from the motorized traffic. They aid road safety by minimizing interaction between pedestrians and motorized traffic. Sidewalks are normally in pairs, one on each side of the road, with the center section of the road for motorized vehicles.
In rural roads, sidewalks may not be present as the amount of traffic (pedestrian or motorized) may not be enough to justify separating the two. In suburban and urban areas, sidewalks are more common. In town and city centers (known as downtown in North America) the amount of pedestrian traffic can exceed motorized traffic, and in this case the sidewalks can occupy more than half of the width of the road, or the whole road can be reserved for pedestrians, see Pedestrian zone.
Sidewalks may have a small effect on reducing vehicle miles traveled and carbon dioxide emissions. A study of sidewalk and transit investments in Seattle neighborhoods found vehicle travel reductions of 6 to 8% and CO2 emission reductions of 1.3 to 2.2% [14]
Sidewalk with bike path See also: Road traffic safety
Research commissioned for the Florida Department of Transportation, published in 2005, found that, in Florida, the Crash Reduction Factor (used to estimate the expected reduction of crashes during a given period) resulting from the installation of sidewalks averaged 74%.[15] Research at the University of North Carolina for the U.S. Department of Transportation found that the presence or absence of a sidewalk and the speed limit are significant factors in the likelihood of a vehicle/pedestrian crash. Sidewalk presence had a risk ratio of 0.118, which means that the likelihood of a crash on a road with a paved sidewalk was 88.2 percent lower than one without a sidewalk. "This should not be interpreted to mean that installing sidewalks would necessarily reduce the likelihood of pedestrian/motor vehicle crashes by 88.2 percent in all situations. However, the presence of a sidewalk clearly has a strong beneficial effect of reducing the risk of a 'walking along roadway' pedestrian/motor vehicle crash." The study does not count crashes that happen when walking across a roadway. The speed limit risk ratio was 1.116, which means that a 16.1-km/h (10-mi/h) increase in the limit yields a factor of (1.116)10 or 3.[16]
The presence or absence of sidewalks was one of three factors that were found to encourage drivers to choose lower, safer speeds.[17]
On the other hand, the implementation of schemes which involve the removal of sidewalks, such as shared space schemes, are reported to deliver a dramatic drop in crashes and congestion too, which indicates that a number of other factors, such as the local speed environment, also play an important role in whether sidewalks are necessarily the best local solution for pedestrian safety.[18]
In cold weather, black ice is a common problem with unsalted sidewalks. The ice forms a thin transparent surface film which is almost impossible to see, and so results in many slips by pedestrians.
Riding bicycles on sidewalks is discouraged since some research shows it to be more dangerous than riding in the street.[19] Some jurisdictions prohibit sidewalk riding except for children. In addition to the risk of cyclist/pedestrian collisions, cyclists face increase risks from collisions with motor vehicles at street crossings and driveways. Riding in the direction opposite to traffic in the adjacent lane is especially risky.[20]
Since residents of neighborhoods with sidewalks are more likely to walk, they tend to have lower rates of cardiovascular disease, obesity, and other health issues related to sedentary lifestyles.[21] Also, children who walk to school have been shown to have better concentration.[22]
Native Americans busking at Orchard Road, Singapore
Some sidewalks may be used as social spaces with sidewalk cafes, markets, or busking musicians, as well as for parking for a variety of vehicles including cars, motorbikes and bicycles.
Contemporary sidewalks are most often made of concrete in the United States and Canada, while tarmac, asphalt, brick, stone, slab and (increasingly) rubber are more common in Europe.[23] Different materials are more or less friendly environmentally: pumice-based trass, for example, when used as an extender is less energy-intensive than Portland cement concrete or petroleum-based materials such as asphalt or tar-penetration macadam). Multi-use paths alongside roads are sometimes made of materials that are softer than concrete, such as asphalt.
In the 19th century and early 20th century, sidewalks of wood were common in some North American locations. They may still be found at historic beach locations and in conservation areas to protect the land beneath and around, called boardwalks.
Brick sidewalks are found in some urban areas, usually for aesthetic purposes. Brick sidewalk construction usually involves the usage of a mechanical vibrator to lock the bricks in place after they have been laid (and/or to prepare the soil before laying). Although this might also be done by other tools (as regular hammers and heavy rolls), a vibrator is often used to speed up the process.
Stone slabs called flagstones or flags are sometimes used where an attractive appearance is required, as in historic town centers. In other places, pre-cast concrete slabs (called paving slabs or, less correctly, paving stones) are used. These may be colored or textured to resemble stone.
Freshly laid concrete sidewalk, with horizontal strain-relief grooves faintly visible
In the United States and Canada, the most common type of sidewalk consists of a poured concrete ribbon, examples of which from as early as the 1860s can be found in good repair in San Francisco, and stamped with the name of the contractor and date of installation.[citation needed] When quantities of Portland cement were first imported to the United States in the 1880s, its principal use was in the construction of sidewalks.[24]
Today, most sidewalk ribbons are constructed with cross-lying strain-relief grooves placed or sawn at regular intervals typically 5 feet (1.5 m) apart. This partitioning, an improvement over the continuous slab, was patented in 1924 by Arthur Wesley Hall and William Alexander McVay, who wished to minimize damage to the concrete from the effects of tectonic and temperature fluctuations, both of which can crack longer segments.[25] The technique is not perfect, as freeze-thaw cycles (in cold-weather regions) and tree root growth can eventually result in damage which requires repair.
In highly variable climates which undergo multiple freeze-thaw cycles, the concrete blocks will be separated by expansion joints to allow for thermal expansion without breakage. The use of expansion joints in sidewalks may not be necessary, as the concrete will shrink while setting.[26]
In the United Kingdom, Australia and France suburban sidewalks are most commonly constructed of tarmac. In urban or inner-city areas sidewalks are most commonly constructed of slabs, stone, or brick depending upon the surrounding street architecture and furniture.
A diagram illustrating traffic movements in the interchange Plan of rejected diverging diamond interchange in Findlay, Ohio
A diverging diamond interchange (DDI), also called a double crossover diamond interchange (DCD),[1] is a type of diamond interchange in which the two directions of traffic on the non-freeway road cross to the opposite side on both sides of the bridge at the freeway. It is unusual in that it requires traffic on the freeway overpass (or underpass) to briefly drive on the opposite side of the road from what is customary for the jurisdiction. The crossover "X" sections can either be traffic-light intersections or one-side overpasses to travel above the opposite lanes without stopping, to allow nonstop traffic flow when relatively sparse traffic.
Like the continuous flow intersection, the diverging diamond interchange allows for two-phase operation at all signalized intersections within the interchange. This is a significant improvement in safety, since no long turns (e.g. left turns where traffic drives on the right side of the road) must clear opposing traffic and all movements are discrete, with most controlled by traffic signals.[2] Its at-grade variant can be seen as a two-leg continuous flow intersection.[3]
Additionally, the design can improve the efficiency of an interchange, as the lost time for various phases in the cycle can be redistributed as green time—there are only two clearance intervals (the time for traffic signals to change from green to yellow to red) instead of the six or more found in other interchange designs.
A diverging diamond can be constructed for limited cost, at an existing straight-line bridge, by building crisscross intersections outside the bridge ramps to switch traffic lanes before entering the bridge. The switchover lanes, each with 2 side ramps, introduce a new risk of drivers turning onto an empty, wrong, do-not-enter, exit-lane and driving wrongway down a freeway exit ramp to confront high-speed, oncoming traffic. Studies have analyzed various roadsigns to reduce similar driver errors.
Diverging diamond roads have been used in France since the 1970s. However, the diverging diamond interchange was listed by Popular Science magazine as one of the best innovations in 2009 (engineering category) in "Best of What's New 2009".[4]
Pictures from the first diverging diamond interchange in the United States, in Springfield, Missouri
Top left: Traffic enters the interchange along Missouri Route 13
Top right: Traffic crosses over to the left side of the road
Bottom left: Traffic crosses over Interstate 44
Bottom right:Traffic crosses back over to the right side of the road. Southbound approach to the I-44/Route 13 interchange in Springfield
Prior to 2009 the only known diverging diamond interchanges were in France in the communities of Versailles, Le Perreux-sur-Marne (A4 at N486) and Seclin, all built in the 1970s.[5] (The ramps of the first two have been reconfigured to accommodate ramps of other interchanges, but they continue to function as diverging diamond interchanges.)
Despite the fact that such interchanges already existed, the idea for the DDI was "reinvented" around 2000, inspired by the former "synchronized split-phasing" type freeway-to-freeway interchange between Interstate 95 and I-695 north of Baltimore.[6]
In 2005, the Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) considered reconfiguring the existing interchange on Interstate 75 at U.S. Route 224 and State Route 15 west of Findlay as a diverging diamond interchange to improve traffic flow. Had it been constructed, it would have been the first DDI in the United States.[7] By 2006, ODOT had reconsidered, instead adding lanes to the existing overpass.[8][9]
The Missouri Department of Transportation was the first US agency to construct one, in Springfield at the junction between I-44 and Missouri Route 13 (at 37°15′01″N 93°18′39″W / 37.2503°N 93.3107°W / 37.2503; -93.3107 (Springfield, Missouri diverging diamond interchange)). Construction began the week of January 12, 2009, and the interchange opened on June 21, 2009.[10][11] This interchange was a conversion of an existing standard diamond interchange, and used the existing bridge.
The first interchange in Canada opened on August 13, 2017 at Macleod Trail and 162 Avenue South in Calgary, Alberta.[12]
The interchange in Seclin (at 50°32′41″N 3°3′21″E / 50.54472°N 3.05583°E / 50.54472; 3.05583) between the A1 and Route d'Avelin was somewhat more specialized than in the diagram at right: eastbound traffic on Route d'Avelin intending to enter the A1 northbound must keep left and cross the northernmost bridge before turning left to proceed north onto A1; eastbound traffic continuing east on Route d'Avelin must select a single center lane, merge with A1 traffic that is exiting to proceed east, and cross a center bridge. All westbound traffic that is continuing west or turning south onto A1 uses the southernmost bridge.
Additional research was conducted by a partnership of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University and the Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center and published by Ohio Section of the Institute of Transportation Engineers.[13] The Federal Highway Administration released a publication titled "Alternative Intersections/Interchanges: Informational Report (AIIR)" [14] with a chapter dedicated to this design.
As of January 19, 2018, 106 DDIs were operational across the world including:
3D computer generated DCMI DCMI traffic flow patterns
A free-flowing interchange variant, patented in 2015,[21] has received recent attention.[22][23][24] Called the double crossover merging interchange (DCMI), it includes elements from the diverging diamond interchange, the tight diamond interchange, and the stack interchange. It eliminates the disadvantages of weaving and of merging into the outside lane from which the standard DDI variation suffers. As of 2016, no such interchanges have been constructed.


text:
Q: How do i implement effects in cocos2d? What is the best and most efficient way to add effects to a game built with cocos2d?
I mean effects like an explosion.
Are they just animation / sprits?
If not, then what should i receive from the designer?

A: You can run cocos2d project which comes with library and in the top left drop down list you can choose Particle System Test and build it. So you will able to see all basic particle effects cocos2d has.
Also there is a nice application ParticleDesigner, where you can make your nice looking particles and generate a file to add to cocos2d project, it also has a lot of samples, so it would be good for you to download it and see.
And cocos2d supports animations as well, so you can make animations from frames, but of course in the case of explosions particles would look much better

A: I would take a look at CCParticleSystem and or CCParticleSystemQuad. You or your designer can use tools like ParticleDesigner to create great looking particle effects.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
describe('collapse directive', function() {
  var elementH, compileFnH, scope, $compile, $animate, $q;

  beforeEach(module('ui.bootstrap.collapse'));
  beforeEach(module('ngAnimateMock'));
  beforeEach(inject(function(_$rootScope_, _$compile_, _$animate_, _$q_) {
    scope = _$rootScope_;
    $compile = _$compile_;
    $animate = _$animate_;
    $q = _$q_;
  }));

  beforeEach(function() {
    elementH = angular.element(
      '
'
      + 'Some Content
');
    compileFnH = $compile(elementH);
    angular.element(document.body).append(elementH);
  });

  afterEach(function() {
    elementH.remove();
  });

  function initCallbacks() {
    scope.collapsing = jasmine.createSpy('scope.collapsing');
    scope.collapsed = jasmine.createSpy('scope.collapsed');
    scope.expanding = jasmine.createSpy('scope.expanding');
    scope.expanded = jasmine.createSpy('scope.expanded');
  }

  function assertCallbacks(expected) {
    ['collapsing', 'collapsed', 'expanding', 'expanded'].forEach(function(cbName) {
      if (expected[cbName]) {
        expect(scope[cbName]).toHaveBeenCalled();
      } else {
        expect(scope[cbName]).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
      }
    });
  }

  it('should be hidden on initialization if isCollapsed = true', function() {
    initCallbacks();
    scope.isCollapsed = true;
    compileFnH(scope);
    scope.$digest();
    expect(elementH.width()).toBe(0);
    assertCallbacks({ collapsed: true });
  });

  it('should not trigger any animation on initialization if isCollapsed = true', function() {
    var wrapperFn = function() {
      $animate.flush();
    };

    scope.isCollapsed = true;
    compileFnH(scope);
    scope.$digest();

    expect(wrapperFn).toThrowError(/No pending animations ready to be closed or flushed/);
  });

  it('should collapse if isCollapsed = true on subsequent use', function() {
    scope.isCollapsed = false;
    compileFnH(scope);
    scope.$digest();
    initCallbacks();
    scope.isCollapsed = true;
    scope.$digest();
    $animate.flush();
    expect(elementH.width()).toBe(0);
    assertCallbacks({ collapsing: true, collapsed: true });
  });

  it('should show after toggled from collapsed', function() {
    initCallbacks();
    scope.isCollapsed = true;
    compileFnH(scope);
    scope.$digest();
    expect(elementH.width()).toBe(0);
    assertCallbacks({ collapsed: true });
    scope.collapsed.calls.reset();

    scope.isCollapsed = false;
    scope.$digest();
    $animate.flush();
    expect(elementH.width()).not.toBe(0);
    assertCallbacks({ expanding: true, expanded: true });
  });

  it('should not trigger any animation on initialization if isCollapsed = false', function() {
    var wrapperFn = function() {
      $animate.flush();
    };

    scope.isCollapsed = false;
    compileFnH(scope);
    scope.$digest();

    expect(wrapperFn).toThrowError(/No pending animations ready to be closed or flushed/);
  });

  it('should expand if isCollapsed = false on subsequent use', function() {
    scope.isCollapsed = false;
    compileFnH(scope);
    scope.$digest();
    scope.isCollapsed = true;
    scope.$digest();
    $animate.flush();
    initCallbacks();
    scope.isCollapsed = false;
    scope.$digest();
    $animate.flush();
    expect(elementH.width()).not.toBe(0);
    assertCallbacks({ expanding: true, expanded: true });
  });

  it('should collapse if isCollapsed = true on subsequent uses', function() {
    scope.isCollapsed = false;
    compileFnH(scope);
    scope.$digest();
    scope.isCollapsed = true;
    scope.$digest();
    $animate.flush();
    scope.isCollapsed = false;
    scope.$digest();
    $animate.flush();
    initCallbacks();
    scope.isCollapsed = true;
    scope.$digest();
    $animate.flush();
    expect(elementH.width()).toBe(0);
    assertCallbacks({ collapsing: true, collapsed: true });
  });

  it('should change aria-expanded attribute', function() {
    scope.isCollapsed = false;
    compileFnH(scope);
    scope.$digest();
    expect(elementH.attr('aria-expanded')).toBe('true');

    scope.isCollapsed = true;
    scope.$digest();
    $animate.flush();
    expect(elementH.attr('aria-expanded')).toBe('false');
  });

  it('should change aria-hidden attribute', function() {
    scope.isCollapsed = false;
    compileFnH(scope);
    scope.$digest();
    expect(elementH.attr('aria-hidden')).toBe('false');

    scope.isCollapsed = true;
    scope.$digest();
    $animate.flush();
    expect(elementH.attr('aria-hidden')).toBe('true');
  });

  describe('expanding callback returning a promise', function() {
    var defer, collapsedWidth;

    beforeEach(function() {
      defer = $q.defer();

      scope.isCollapsed = true;
      scope.expanding = function() {
        return defer.promise;
      };
      compileFnH(scope);
      scope.$digest();
      collapsedWidth = elementH.width();

      // set flag to expand ...
      scope.isCollapsed = false;
      scope.$digest();

      // ... shouldn't expand yet ...
      expect(elementH.attr('aria-expanded')).not.toBe('true');
      expect(elementH.width()).toBe(collapsedWidth);
    });

    it('should wait for it to resolve before animating', function() {
      defer.resolve();

      // should now expand
      scope.$digest();
      $animate.flush();

      expect(elementH.attr('aria-expanded')).toBe('true');
      expect(elementH.width()).toBeGreaterThan(collapsedWidth);
    });

    it('should not animate if it rejects', function() {
      defer.reject();

      // should NOT expand
      scope.$digest();

      expect(elementH.attr('aria-expanded')).not.toBe('true');
      expect(elementH.width()).toBe(collapsedWidth);
    });
  });

  describe('collapsing callback returning a promise', function() {
    var defer, expandedWidth;

    beforeEach(function() {
      defer = $q.defer();
      scope.isCollapsed = false;
      scope.collapsing = function() {
        return defer.promise;
      };
      compileFnH(scope);
      scope.$digest();

      expandedWidth = elementH.width();

      // set flag to collapse ...
      scope.isCollapsed = true;
      scope.$digest();

      // ... but it shouldn't collapse yet ...
      expect(elementH.attr('aria-expanded')).not.toBe('false');
      expect(elementH.width()).toBe(expandedWidth);
    });

    it('should wait for it to resolve before animating', function() {
      defer.resolve();

      // should now collapse
      scope.$digest();
      $animate.flush();

      expect(elementH.attr('aria-expanded')).toBe('false');
      expect(elementH.width()).toBeLessThan(expandedWidth);
    });

    it('should not animate if it rejects', function() {
      defer.reject();

      // should NOT collapse
      scope.$digest();

      expect(elementH.attr('aria-expanded')).not.toBe('false');
      expect(elementH.width()).toBe(expandedWidth);
    });
  });

});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


It should have been so much easier.
The Rockets 19-point lead was gone, leaving the club's seven game winning streak—and all the accompanying good vibes—perilously perched on the brink of oblivion. This team, so convincing in its resolve to not just bury, but build off its monumental collapses of the past, sure seemed intent on using the fourth quarter to dig up the rotting corpse of the Philadelphia disaster.
Then Steve Novak buried The Shot. And nothing else mattered anymore.
It's impossible to imagine a more appropriate ending to Houston's heart-stopping 89-87 win over Sacramento Wednesday night. The build-up to Novak's miracle moment certainly wasn't aesthetically pleasing. When Tracy McGrady momentarily lost control of the ball at the start of the play, the Toyota Center practically echoed with the crazed keyboard strokes of countless T-Mac haters eager to unleash another round of vitriol toward their favorite target and his supposed inability to come through in the clutch. But McGrady regained his composure, drove hard to the hole, and found Novak just in time. One sweet stroke from beyond the arc later, all the horror and disbelief borne of a deplorable fourth quarter were washed away in a Rocket-red tidal wave of euphoria.
In the locker room after the game, T-Mac serenaded Novak with a chant of, "Hero! Hero! Hero!" But at that moment, the second-year pro from Marquette had much more important matters on his mind. Namely, he simply wanted a T-shirt to wear before subjecting the horde of cameras—and unsuspecting viewers—to the sight of his thin, wintery-white torso. When suitably attired for his close-up, Novak described how his big shot was really 16 months in the making.
And just how much was riding on that shot?
Of course, the story didn't end with Novak's heroics. In the midst of the massive hysteria enveloping Toyota Center, Shane Battier knew the Rockets still had to contend with the not-so-small matter of stopping Sacramento in the final two seconds.
"At Duke, I was taught never to get fired up by those plays, because there's still two seconds left," explained Battier. "A lot can happen in two and a half seconds, and it's a waste of energy if you're jumping around. Obviously, our teammates were real excited, but I was already on the next play. I looked at Tracy and we both knew it was a great shot, but there's a time to celebrate and there's a time to take care of the last two and a half seconds.
Armed with that mentality, the Rockets defense took care of the rest. Chuck Hayes not only prevented the previously unstoppable Ron Artest from touching the ball, he also made sure Brad Miller's last second heave was properly contested. End result: Houston's winning streak now stands at eight games and counting, and the team heads into the All-Star break having prevailed in 12 of its last 13 contests.


text:
Employer gag bill from 2009 buried in 2010 operating budget
CONTACT: Kurt Hammond, Senior Public Information Officer | 360-786-7794
Chandler seeks informal guidance from Attorney General on language
Today Rep. Bruce Chandler sent a letter to State Attorney General Rob McKenna asking for informal guidance on a proviso in the proposed 2010 supplemental operating budget. The language, found in the House approved Senate Bill 6444 states:
"No employer, provider or entity receiving state funds to provide long-term care services or services to the developmentally disabled may use these funds to assist, promote, or deter union organization." (page 73, lines 9-12)
Chandler is concerned the language is "eerily similar" to the employer gag bill which was cut short last year by the governor and Democratic leaders due to ethical concerns.
"This provision failed to pass the Legislature last year, and slipping it into the budget shows an attempt to change policy without approval of the representatives sent by the people," said Chandler, R-Granger. "This would have a chilling effect on the freedom of speech. To withhold funding due to a policy that has not been fully vetted or approved by the Legislature is closing the door on open government."
Chandler noted similar proposals have failed in other states and been found unconstitutional.
The attorney general's office responded to Chandler that the proviso would likely "be preempted by federal labor law" and that the language has a "striking similarity between the proposed legislative language and the language in California statue invalidated in Brown vs. United States Chamber of Commerce."
Chandler said the attorney general's office assessment is consistent with a formal opinion last year that House Bill 1528 and its companion Senate Bill 5446, would be likely be found unconstitutional if challenged in court.
"I am one of the biggest proponents of transparency in government, and this is a reversal of decades of work to make Washington's government a more open, honest process," Chandler said. "If the majority wants to have another discussion about the employer gag rule, let's have it. Hiding this in the 300-page budget bill only causes the people to question whether their government really wants them to know what happens in these halls in Olympia."
Contact: Sarah Lamb, public information officer, (360) 786-7720
Washington State House Republican Communications
houserepublicans.wa.gov
15th Legislative District
Agriculture & Natural Resources
Assistant Ranking Member
Postsecondary Education & Workforce
Kurt Hammond
Senior Public Information Officer
Silent B Roll for Broadcast Media


Welcome to the Class 6 page. You will find some helpful reminders about what is happening in school on this page.
If you have any ideas about what else you would like to put on our page then please share them with me!
Have you visited the Kids Zone? You can play games and vote for your favourite activities!
In addition, the children will take part in a PE lesson at school with our Sport Coach. This will take place every Friday afternoon. They will need a sports top, shorts and gym shoes or sensible trainers to take part in this lesson. Please allow your child to leave their entire kit in school throughout the week so that they are prepared.
Maths homework is given out every Tuesday and should be handed in on a Friday. In addition to the homework sheets that are given out your child also receives homework online via Education City. Search 'Education City.co.uk' in Google. Your child needs to use their normal school password to access the homework on the site. This also needs to be completed by Friday.
Topic homework is given out every Tuesday and should be handed in on a Friday. There will be three activities to choose from and only one needs to be completed. If your child wishes to do more this is absolutely fine and we would encourage them to do that. If any homework involves internet research and you do not have internet access please let us know so your child can access the internet in school to complete his or her homework.
Spelling homework is given out every Monday and children should practice all spellings throughout the week until their test on a Friday.
It is very important that your child reads as much as possible. We encourage you to read with your child at least three times a week and record this in their yellow Home Reading Records.
Please note that any homework given out is set specifically for your child. They will have worked on the topic/ spellings during the week and the homework is aimed to secure the skills and concepts they have looked at in lessons.
Keep checking on the Class 6 page to see what we are working on.
This half term our topic was Road Trip USA!
The children took a journey through the history and geography of America. They looked at and identified different states, capitals and their features. The children learned about the impact of The Wright Brothers who invented the aeroplane and created some fantastic weaving patterns that are currently displayed in school.
It was wonderful to see the children taking part in outdoor activities such as making fires, spears, bows and arrows and shelters at The West View Project. They experienced some of the tasks Native Americans had to do to live in nature with great enthusiasm.
This half term we have moved onto the topic of Potions. The children took part in a Wow day and made slimey goo, bubbling potions, ice-lollies and artistic bubble pictures.
We are still working on our Potions topic and it has been really wonderful to see the amount of hard work that has gone into the children's homework tasks. Their work is currently displayed in school for everyone to see.
Our topic was African Playlist and we started it off with an amazing drumming session. Paul, our teacher, taught us how to play tunes on a Djembe Drum and some people even had solos.
Miss Foster also helped the children by providing drumming lessons at lunch time. This meant the children could perform to parents and carers at our African Playlist Celebration Assembly. Everyone joined in with the singing and some children were very brave and spoke about our work in front of everyone.
It was a pleasure to see so many parents and carers attending the assembly. We thank you for your continued support.
During this half term our topic was Burps, Bottoms and Bile! As you might have guessed, it was all about the human body. The children particularly enjoyed using disclosure tablets to find all of the plaque left over on their teeth from dinner time. Lots of their mouths turned a fantastic purple colour so they had to brush off the plaque straight away.


text:
Q: Storing the return value of a random number as a local variable? So I'm practicing basic Java by creating a Pokemon battle simulator (using JOption Panes).
I'm using the following method to take the Pokemon's attack value as the max, and set a min of 0 for simplicity.
public static int randomDamage(int min, int max) {
    int range = (max - min) + 1;
    int randomDamage =  (int)(Math.random() * range) + min;
    return randomDamage;

Here's where I've been calling the method.
public static void battle(Pokemon pokemon1, Pokemon pokemon2) {
    showMessageDialog(null, pokemon2.name + "'s stats are: \n Health: "
            + pokemon2.health + "\n Attack: " + pokemon2.attack + "\n Speed: " + pokemon2.speed);
    showMessageDialog(null, pokemon1.name + " begins the fight against " + pokemon2.name);
    do {

        if (pokemon1.health > 0 && pokemon2.health > 0) {
            showMessageDialog(null, pokemon1.name + " attacks " + pokemon2.name);
            pokemon2.health = pokemon2.health - randomDamage(0,pokemon1.attack);
            showMessageDialog(null, pokemon1.name + " does " + pokemon1.randomDamage + " damage to " +
                    pokemon2.name + " and " + pokemon2.name + " has " + pokemon2.health + " left.");
        }

        if (pokemon1.health > 0 && pokemon2.health > 0) {
            showMessageDialog(null, pokemon2.name + " attacks " + pokemon1.name);
            pokemon1.health = pokemon1.health - pokemon2.attack;
            showMessageDialog(null, pokemon2.name + " does " + pokemon2.attack + " damage to " +
                    pokemon1.name + " and " + pokemon1.name + " has " + pokemon1.health + " left.");
        }

    } while (pokemon1.health > 0 && pokemon2.health > 0);
    if (pokemon1.health < 1) showMessageDialog(null, pokemon1.name + " has been reduced to 0 health. "
            + pokemon1.name + " has lost the fight.");
    else showMessageDialog(null, pokemon2.name + " has been reduced to 0 health. "
            + pokemon2.name + " has lost the fight.");

}

The damage appears to be randomized as I expected, but it will always say "Charmander does 0 damage to Rattata and Rattata has x health left".
Is it possible to subtract the randomDamage value from the health and then display that value in my JOption window?
Thank you!

A: You need to store the return value of randomDamage (i.e. in pokemonX.randomDamage) first if you want to use it multiple times.
Example (assuming Pokemons have an int randomDamage member):
pokemon1.randomDamage = randomDamage(0,pokemon1.attack);
pokemon2.health = pokemon2.health - pokemon1.randomDamage;
showMessageDialog(null, pokemon1.name + " does " + pokemon1.randomDamage + " damage to " + pokemon2.name + " and " + pokemon2.name + " has " + pokemon2.health + " left.");


text:
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Hopkins Elementary School
Home of the Bobcats!
Chesterfield residents will vote this fall on the Community Facilities Bond Plan, which would authorize the issuance of $540 million in general obligation bonds. If approved, the Community Facilities Bond Plan will, over the next eight to 10 years, fund 26 capital improvement projects split among four categories: schools, public safety, libraries and parks.
Some $375 million of the bonds would be allocated to Chesterfield County Public Schools for seven projects that include replacing three elementary schools and building another while also building a new high school in western Route 360, expanding Thomas Dale High School and replacing Midlothian Middle School. Meanwhile, the $165 million that would be allocated for county government projects includes $81.1 million for public safety, $45.7 million for libraries and $38.2 million for parks and recreation. Read more in English or in Spanish or visit chesterfield.gov/bond.
6000 Hopkins Road
North Chesterfield, Virginia 23234
Community Investment in
Schools Partnership Ambassador:
Cynthia Harris, Email: [email protected]