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El 30 de agosto de 2022, Mijaíl Gorbachov, el octavo y último líder de la Unión Soviética, murió después de una larga enfermedad en el Hospital Clínico Central de Moscú en Rusia. Gorbachov fue el último líder soviético vivo tras la muerte de Georgy Malenkov en 1988, y es el único que nació durante la existencia de la Unión Soviética. A la edad de 91 años, Gorbachov es el gobernante más longevo de Rusia hasta la fecha, habiendo vivido más que Alexander Kerensky y Vasily Kuznetsov, quienes murieron a los 89 años. El 3 de septiembre se celebró un funeral por Gorbachov y fue enterrado más tarde ese mismo día.

Funeral
El cuerpo de Gorbachov yacía el 3 de septiembre en el Salón del Pilar de la Casa de los Sindicatos en Moscú, que históricamente se ha utilizado para celebrar funerales de estado para funcionarios y líderes de alto rango, incluido Joseph Stalin después de su muerte en 1953.  En particular, a diferencia de su sucesor, Boris Yeltsin, a Gorbachov no se le concedería un funeral de estado. Sin embargo, el portavoz del Kremlin, Dmitry Peskov, anunció que a Gorbachov se le darían "elementos de un funeral de estado", como una guardia de honor y una organización gubernamental parcial.  También se anunció que el presidente ruso, Vladímir Putin, no asistiría al funeral de Gorbachov, una medida que atrajo la atención de los medios.  Un comunicado del Kremlin alegó que esto se debió a su apretada agenda.

Una gran participación pública dio como resultado que la vista pública del ataúd y el cuerpo encerrado de Gorbachov se extendiera de dos a cuatro horas.  Esta gran asistencia de espectadores se produjo a pesar de los informes de que muchos rusos culpan a Gorbachov por lanzar reformas que causaron el caos económico y por dejar que la Unión Soviética se desmoronara.  A pesar de tener elementos similares a un funeral de estado, incluida la bandera nacional que cubre el ataúd de Gorbachov mientras estaba acompañado por guardias que andaban a paso de ganso disparando tiros al aire y una pequeña banda tocando el himno ruso, se alegó que Putin evitó darle a Gorbachov un funeral de estado oficial. por lo que podría evitar estar obligado a asistir y también ser requerido para invitar a los líderes mundiales.

Entre los que asistieron al funeral de Gorbachov se encontraban familiares, amigos, embajadores extranjeros en Rusia, incluidos embajadores de los Estados Unidos, el Reino Unido y Alemania, entre otros, el primer ministro húngaro, Viktor Orbán, y figuras del gobierno ruso, incluido Dmitri Medvédev. Aparte de Orbán, no se demostró que asistieran otros líderes extranjeros.  Presidiendo la procesión fúnebre estaba el amigo cercano de Gorbachov y premio Nobel de la paz, Dmitry Muratov. Gorbachov fue enterrado el mismo día en el cementerio Novodevichy de Moscú junto a su esposa, Raisa Gorbacheva, de acuerdo con su testamento.

Reacciones

Doméstico

Reacción política
El presidente ruso, Vladímir Putin, expresó su "más sentido pésame" a Gorbachov tras su muerte y anunció que enviaría un telegrama de condolencias a la familia y amigos de Gorbachov. Naina Yeltsina, viuda del expresidente ruso Boris Yeltsin, dijo que Gorbachov "quería sinceramente cambiar el sistema soviético" y transformar la URSS en un "Estado libre y pacífico". El primer ministro ruso, Mijaíl Mishustin, llamó a Gorbachov "un estadista brillante".

El diputado de la Duma estatal Vitaly Milonov (Rusia Unida) fue menos positivo en su perspectiva de Gorbachov, argumentando que Gorbachov era "peor que Hitler para Rusia". Gennady Zyuganov, secretario general del Partido Comunista de la Federación Rusia, dijo a TASS que Gorbachov fue un líder cuyo gobierno trajo "absoluta tristeza, desgracia y problemas" para "todos los pueblos de nuestro país".

Reacción más amplia
Aunque Gorbachov fue llorado en el mundo occidental, las reacciones a su muerte dentro de Rusia fueron menos positivas. Al informar sobre la muerte de Gorbachov, los medios rusos tenían poco que decir sobre su muerte;  El periódico sensacionalista ruso Komsomolskaya Pravda afirmó que Gorbachov había "cambiado el mundo de manera demasiado irreversible para sus oponentes ideológicos".

El líder de la oposición rusa Alexei Navalny, en una serie de tuits, ofreció sus condolencias a la familia y amigos de Gorbachov, afirmando que el legado de Gorbachov sería "evaluado mucho más favorablemente por la posteridad que por los contemporáneos". El aliado de Navalny, Lyubov Sobol, ofreció un sentimiento similar, afirmando que la disolución de la Unión Soviética era inevitable y que "se seguirá apreciando el papel de Gorbachov en la historia de Rusia". El periodista liberal Dmitry Muratov, editor del periódico de oposición prohibido Novaya Gazeta, escribió en un artículo que Gorbachov les dio a los rusos "treinta años de paz sin la amenaza de una guerra nuclear global". Pensamientos similares fueron repetidos por Alexei Venediktov, editor de la prohibida estación de radio Eco de Moscú.

El ex rabino jefe ruso Pinchas Goldschmid elogió a Gorbachov por levantar las restricciones de viaje a los ciudadanos soviéticos, argumentando que "tres millones de judíos soviéticos le deben su libertad".

Internacional

Los aliados de Gorbachov fueron positivos en su reflexión póstuma sobre él. El exsecretario de Estado de los Estados Unidos, James Baker III, que se desempeñó como Jefe de Gabinete de la Casa Blanca durante la administración Reagan, describió a Gorbachov como "un gigante que condujo a su gran nación hacia la democracia". La Fundación Reagan emitió una declaración en memoria de Gorbachov.

António Guterres, Secretario General de las Naciones Unidas, describió a Gorbachov como "un estadista único en su tipo que cambió el curso de la historia", y agregó que "[h]i hizo más que cualquier otro individuo para traer sobre el fin pacífico de la Guerra Fría".

En Europa, la presidenta de la Comisión Europea, Ursula von der Leyen, llamó a Gorbachov un "líder confiable y respetado". La presidenta del Parlamento Europeo, Roberta Metsola, se hizo eco de declaraciones similares.

La reina Isabel II en su mensaje al pueblo ruso sobre la muerte de Gorbachov recordó "mucha calidez" de su visita de estado a Gran Bretaña en 1989, afirmando que "a través de su coraje y visión, se ganó la admiración, el afecto y el respeto del pueblo británico". Su declaración personal fue hecha pública por la Embajada del Reino Unido, Moscú en su cuenta oficial de Vkontakte.

La excanciller alemana Angela Merkel hizo referencia a la caída del Muro de Berlín en su declaración sobre la muerte de Gorbachov. Merkel, que proviene de Alemania Oriental, dijo que "el mundo ha perdido a un líder mundial único en su tipo" y que "escribió la historia". Asimismo, el actual canciller alemán Olaf Scholz comentó sobre Gorbachov disolviendo la Cortina de Hierro. El presidente francés, Emmanuel Macron, al igual que Merkel, señaló que Gorbachov "cambió la historia común".

El primer ministro australiano, Anthony Albanese, llamó a Gorbachov un "hombre de calidez, esperanza, determinación y enorme coraje". El ex primer ministro Paul Keating también envió sus condolencias.

A través de una secretaría de prensa, el presidente búlgaro, Rumen Radev, expresó su pésame a la familia de Gorbachov, citando la creencia de Gorbachov en el libre albedrío como catalizador para la unificación de Europa. El presidente rumano Klaus Iohannis y el expresidente Ion Iliescu hicieron comentarios a raíz de su muerte.

El primer ministro canadiense, Justin Trudeau, elogió a Gorbachov por sus logros durante su tiempo. El ex primer ministro Brian Mulroney también envió sus condolencias.

El presidente de los Estados Unidos, Joe Biden, a quien Gorbachov conoció en 2009 después de una visita a la Casa Blanca, señaló los paradigmas de glasnost y perestroika de Gorbachov y lo elogió por trabajar con Ronald Reagan para poner fin a la carrera armamentista nuclear.

El presidente israelí, Isaac Herzog, describió a Gorbachov como un "líder valiente y visionario".

El primer ministro japonés Fumio Kishida, en una rueda de prensa, elogió a Gorbachov por "apoyar la abolición de las armas nucleares"; Kishida proviene de Hiroshima.

El portavoz del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de China, Zhao Lijian, expresó sus condolencias a la familia de Gorbachov y afirmó que "hizo una contribución positiva a la normalización de las relaciones entre China y la Unión Soviética". A pesar de las condolencias de Zhao, la muerte de Gorbachov tuvo reacciones encontradas en China, donde se le atribuyó la normalización de las relaciones chino-soviéticas, pero al mismo tiempo se lo vio negativamente por provocar la disolución de la Unión Soviética, ya que el Partido Comunista Chino ve la caída de la Unión Soviética. Unión Soviética una "gran catástrofe ideológica que arrojó una sombra sobre su propio futuro".

Véase también
 Muerte y funeral de Vladímir Lenin

Referencias

Funeral por persona


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Home Scandal 'Star Wars' Darth Vader Actor David Prowse Dies Aged 85 – Deadline
'Star Wars' Darth Vader Actor David Prowse Dies Aged 85 – Deadline
Dave Prowse, the British former bodybuilder best known for playing Darth Vader in the original Star Wars trilogy, has died aged 85, his manager has confirmed.
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Prowse
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text:
Since 1970 at the master's level and 1998 at the doctoral level, women have earned the majority of advanced degrees in the humanities. In comparison to higher education as a whole, the humanities field granted a larger share of advanced degrees to women throughout the 1966–2015 period.
The proportion of advanced humanities degrees awarded to women peaked in the first decade of the 21st century and remained fairly stable into the next decade (Indicator II-13a
and Indicator II-13b
). As of 2015, women earned 61% of all master's and professional-practice degrees in the humanities and 54% of the doctoral degrees in the field.
Although master's degrees in the humanities were awarded somewhat more often to men than women in the mid-1960s, by 1970 gender parity had been achieved. Women almost immediately went on to become the majority of humanities master's degree recipients. While the share of humanities master's degrees awarded to women was initially quite a bit larger than the share for all fields combined, by 2015 the difference had shrunk to 2.5 percentage points.
In 2015, the fields of behavioral and social science, education, and health and medical sciences all awarded a larger percentage of master's degrees to women than the humanities. Business, engineering, law, and the natural sciences awarded considerably smaller shares.
In the mid-1960s, the humanities, like all other academic fields, awarded only a small minority of doctoral degrees to women. Though they were better represented in the humanities than in every field but education, women still received only 19% of humanities doctorates in 1966. Throughout the last third of the 20th century, however, this percentage increased steadily, and by the late 1990s the majority of all new humanities doctoral degree recipients were women. Thereafter, a slightly larger share of doctoral degrees in the field went to women than to men.
As at the master's degree level, the humanities traditionally awarded more doctorates to women than did higher education as a whole, but the gap narrowed over time. In 2015, the difference was less than five percentage points.
From 1987 to 2015, seven of the 11 humanities disciplines examined here saw an increase in the share of women earning master's and professional-practice degrees (Indicator II-13c
). In philosophy, the share declined one percentage point, while languages and literatures other than English and the academic study of the arts saw declines of approximately four percentage points. Women earned the same share of master's degrees in English in 2015 as in 1987.
From 1987 to 2015, most of the disciplines examined here experienced an increase of 4–16 percentage points in the share of doctorate degrees earned by women (Indicator II-13d
; the increase in the share of cultural, ethnic, and gender studies was quite a bit greater, but the much smaller size of this discipline [as measured by degree completions], means that comparisons of percentage change should be made with caution). The exceptions were in classical studies and linguistics, which had declines of six and two percentage points. Languages and literatures other than English awarded the same share to women in 2015 as in 1987.[1]
As of 2015, four of the 11 humanities disciplines examined here were awarding less than half of their doctoral degrees to women: classical studies, history, philosophy, and religion.
II-13a: Percentage of Master's and Professional-Practice Degrees Awarded to Women, Selected Academic Fields, 1966–2015
* For years 1966–1986, the National Science Foundation academic field category of "Arts and Music" is the basis for the count of "Fine and Performing Arts" degrees depicted here. This category includes the academic study of the arts (e.g., art history and film studies), which encompasses disciplines considered by the Humanities Indicators to be part of the humanities field. For years 1987–2015, the categorization of degrees by the finer-grained Classification of Instructional Programs makes possible the removal of such degrees from the count for "Fine and Performing Arts" and their inclusion among humanities degrees. Please see the Note on the Data Used to Calculate Humanities Degree Counts and Shares for further explanation of the break in the trend line for this field and others.
Source: Office of Education/U.S. Department of Education, Survey of Earned Degrees, Higher Education General Information System (HEGIS), and Integrated Postsecondary Data System (IPEDS). HEGIS and IPEDS data were accessed via the National Science Foundation's online data system, WebCASPAR. Data analyzed and presented by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences' Humanities Indicators (www.humanitiesindicators.org).
II-13b: Percentage of Doctoral Degrees Awarded to Women, Selected Academic Fields, 1966–2015
II-13c: Percentage of Master's and Professional-Practice Degrees Awarded to Women, Selected Humanities Disciplines, 1987–2015
Source: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Data System. Data were accessed via the National Science Foundation's online data system, WebCASPAR. Data analyzed and presented by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences' Humanities Indicators (www.humanitiesindicators.org).
II-13d: Percentage of Doctoral Degrees Awarded to Women, Selected Humanities Disciplines, 1987–2015
[1] The small number of students receiving doctoral degrees in any particular discipline means that relatively modest year-to-year changes in the number of degree completions by women translate into dramatic increases and decreases in share. As a result, for certain years during the 1987–2015 period some disciplines saw a share of degrees going to women that was substantially higher or lower than the most recent [2015] share. "Spiky" data of this kind make the identification of trends difficult.
Please Note|
Data Used to Calculate Humanities Degree Counts and Shares
The bulk of the data that form the basis of this indicator is drawn from the U.S. Department of Education's National Center for Education Statistics' (NCES) Higher Education General Information System (HEGIS; 1966–1986) and its successor, the Integrated Postsecondary Educational Data System (IPEDS; 1987–present), through which institutions of higher learning report on the numbers and characteristics of students completing degree programs (as well as a variety of other topics; for more on IPEDS, see http://nces.ed.gov/ipeds/). The HEGIS/IPEDS degree-completion data have been made accessible to decision-makers, researchers, and the general public by the National Science Foundation (NSF) via its online data analysis tool WebCASPAR.
Degree-completion data for years 1948 through 1965 were derived from the Survey of Earned Degrees, which was first administered by the Office of Education (the Department of Education's predecessor) and later by NCES. The Survey of Earned Degrees data were culled from printed publications because the information is not included in WebCASPAR. For the trend lines extending back to 1948, data are presented only for a limited portfolio of humanities disciplines because the academic discipline classification systems employed by NCES in its reporting on the Survey of Earned Degrees and HEGIS are not fine-grained enough to capture the full complement of disciplines considered by the Humanities Indicators (HI) to be within the scope of the humanities. (For an inventory of the disciplines and activities treated as part of the humanities by the HI, see the Statement on the Scope of the "Humanities" for Purposes of the Humanities Indicators.)
For 1987 and later years (1995 and later for data on the race/ethnicity of degree recipients), WebCASPAR categorizes earned degrees according to the more detailed Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP). The CIP was developed by NCES in 1980 as a way of accounting for the tremendous variety of degree programs offered by American institutions of higher learning and has been revised several times since its introduction, most recently in 2009 (this version is referred to as "CIP 2010"). The CIP has also been adopted by Statistics Canada as its standard disciplinary classification system. An analysis of completions using CIP permits the HI to include earned degrees in a substantially greater number of the disciplines considered by the HI to be part of the humanities field.
For example, with CIP-coded data, academic disciplines such as comparative religion can be separated from vocational programs such as theology and thus can be included in the humanities degree tally. Likewise, CIP allows communications programs that fall within the HI's definition of the humanities, such as media studies and rhetoric, to be distinguished from professional aspects of the field, such as journalism and political communication. Additionally, when using CIP-coded data, the HI can include degrees in such disciplines as archeology, women's studies, gay and lesbian studies, and Holocaust studies in its counts of humanities degrees from 1987 onward. CIP-coded data are always the basis of humanities degree counts for indicators that report degree data only post-1986 data.
For an inventory of the CIP disciplinary categories included by the HI under the field heading of "humanities" (as well as those categories of the NSF-developed taxonomy of academic disciplines that are the basis of certain tabulations of humanities degrees for years 1966–1986, see the Degree Program Code Catalog. This catalog also indicates which degree programs the HI includes within specific humanities disciplines (e.g., for the purposes of the HI, English degrees include those classified under CIP as being in "English Language and Literature," "American Literature," and "Creative Writing," among others).
In the case of several of the degree-related indicators, the humanities are compared to certain other fields, such as the sciences and engineering. The nature of these fields is specified in the Statement on the Scope of the "Humanities" for Purposes of the Humanities Indicators. These broad fields do not encompass all postsecondary programs. Therefore, where fields are being compared in terms of their respective shares of all degrees, the percentages will not add up to 100%.
The bachelor's degree counts presented do not include "second majors" because NCES began collecting data about these degrees only in 2001. The HI deals separately with the issue of second majors under the topic "Humanities Bachelor's Degrees as a Second Major."
Data on the number of students completing minors are not collected as part of IPEDS, but such information was compiled for selected humanities disciplines as part of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences–sponsored Humanities Departmental Survey (HDS; see the 2012–2013 HDS final report, page 16, table 9a).
Definition of Advanced Degrees
According to the National Center for Education Statistics' (NCES) Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) Glossary, master's degrees are "awards that require the successful completion of a program of study of at least the full-time equivalent of 1 academic year, but not more than 2 academic years of work beyond the bachelor's degree."
The NCES, which collects the degree completion data presented as part of the Humanities Indicators, defines first professional degrees as those awards that require completion of a program that meets all the following criteria: (1) completion of the academic requirements to begin practice in a profession; (2) at least two years of college work prior to entering the program; and (3) a total of at least six academic years of college work to complete the degree program, including prior required college work plus the length of the professional program itself. According to NCES, the following ten fields award first professional degrees:
Chiropractic (D.C. or D.C.M.)
Dentistry (D.D.S. or D.M.D.)
Law (LL.B. or J.D.)
Medicine (M.D.)
Optometry (O.D.)
Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.)
Pharmacy (Pharm.D.)
Podiatry (D.P.M., D.P., or Pod.D.)
Theology (M.Div., M.H.L., B.D., or Ordination)
Veterinary Medicine (D.V.M. or V.M.D.)
Although some fields (e.g., library science, hospital administration, and social work) require specialized degrees for employment at the professional level, NCES does not count degrees in these fields as first professional degrees; instead, they are treated as master's degrees.
Whereas all doctorates had previously been included in a single category, for academic years 2008–2009 and 2009–2010 NCES gave schools the option of employing a new classification system that distinguishes among three types of doctoral degrees:
Research/Scholarship—A Ph.D. or other doctoral degree that requires advanced work beyond the master's level, including the preparation and defense of a dissertation based on original research, or the planning and execution of an original project demonstrating scholarly achievement;
Professional Practice—A doctoral degree conferred upon completion of a program providing the knowledge and skills for the recognition, credentialing, or licensing required for professional practice; or
Other—A doctoral degree that does not meet the definition of the research/scholarship or professional practice doctorate.
Schools could classify certain degrees that had historically been treated as first professional degrees as either "Professional Practice" doctoral degrees (as in the case of medical degrees, for example) or master's degrees (as in the case of advanced, nondoctoral degrees in theology).
To ensure comparability with previous years, for 2007–2008 and 2008–2009 the Humanities Indicators counted as doctorates all of those degrees classified by postsecondary institutions as "Doctorate Degree," "Doctorate Degree—Research/Scholarship," or "Doctorate Degree—Other." The HI treated as "master's and professional-practice degrees" those degrees classified by schools as "Doctorate Degree—Professional Practice," "First Professional Degree," or "Master's Degree."
For academic year 2010–2011, NCES eliminated the "first professional degree" category. The agency now requires schools to use the three-category system described above to classify all advanced degrees other than master's degrees.
Please see the Note on the Data Used to Calculate Humanities Degree Counts and Shares for an explanation of the differences between the National Science Foundation academic discipline classification and the Classification of Instructional Programs.
See the Degree Program Code Catalog for a description of the types of degrees counted as humanities degrees under each classification system.
Also see Note on the Definition of Advanced Degrees.
For additional demographic information on advanced degree recipients, see Indicator II-13b, Percentage of Doctoral Degrees Awarded to Women, Selected Academic Fields, 1967–2015, and the indicators under "Racial/Ethnic Distribution of Advanced Degrees in the Humanities."
For comparable information on trends at the undergraduate level, see "Demographics of Associate's Degree Recipients in the Humanities" and "Gender Distribution of Bachelor's Degrees in the Humanities."
Other indicators pertaining to graduate education in the humanities can be found under the topics "Advanced Degrees in the Humanities," "Share of All Advanced Degrees Conferred in the Humanities," "Disciplinary Distribution of Advanced Degrees in the Humanities," "Humanities Degree Completions: An International Comparison," "Paying for Doctoral Studies in the Humanities," "Years to Attainment of a Humanities Doctorate," and "Attrition in Humanities Doctorate Programs."
For additional demographic information on advanced degree recipients, see Indicator II-13a: Percentage of Master's and Professional-Practice Degrees Awarded to Women, Selected Academic Fields, 1966–2015, and the indicators under "Racial/Ethnic Distribution of Advanced Degrees in the Humanities."
About the Data|See the Note on the Data Used to Calculate Humanities Degree Counts and Shares and the Note on the Definition of Advanced Degrees.
For additional demographic information on advanced degree recipients, see Indicator II-13d: Percentage of Doctoral Degrees Awarded to Women, Selected Humanities Disciplines, 1987–2015, and the indicators under "Racial/Ethnic Distribution of Advanced Degrees in the Humanities."
For additional demographic information on advanced degree recipients, see Indicator II-13c: Percentage of Master's and Professional-Practice Degrees Awarded to Women, Selected Humanities Disciplines, 1987–2015, and the indicators under "Racial/Ethnic Distribution of Advanced Degrees in the Humanities."
Other indicators pertaining to graduate education in the humanities can be found under the topics "Advanced Degrees in the Humanities," "Share of All Advanced Degrees Conferred in the Humanities," "Disciplinary Distribution of Advanced Degrees in the Humanities," "Humanities Degree Completions: An International Comparison," "Paying for Doctoral Studies in the Humanities," "Years to Attainment of a Humanities Doctorate," and "Attrition in Humanities Doctorate Programs."


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Volkswagen Phideon: That's "Phideon," Not "Phaeton"
VW tries another high-end sedan, this time for China—and maybe beyond.
Never heard of the Volkswagen Phideon? Neither had we until two weeks ago. That might be because it was buried inside Volkswagen's plans for its Chinese joint venture, or it might be because Volkswagen has only now come to appreciate that it just might be the right car at the right time for other parts of the world, too.
The first Volkswagen-branded car to use the VW Group's modular, longitudinal-engine MLB architecture, the Phideon is a production-ready five-seat sedan, powered by a 300-hp 3.0-liter turbo V-6 making 325 lb-ft of torque. The Phideon's design draws heavily from Volkswagen's C Coupe GTE hybrid concept car from the 2015 Shanghai motor show. At 198.8 inches long, 73.6 inches wide, and 58.3 inches high, it sits above the Passat and is named after the Roman goddess of fidelity—sort of. She was actually called Fides. "Phideon" is a Volkswagenized version of her name.
The all-wheel-drive Phideon will be built and sold in China starting in the third quarter of this year. The lineup also will include a 2.0-liter front-driver that is slated to come onstream next year, and there's a plug-in hybrid in the works, as well.
It was developed in Germany to suit the requests of the SAIC-Volkswagen joint venture, which means it should work for both owner and chauffeur alike. It even borrows Bentley's active air-suspension system, which comes with five different driving settings. It's also the first Volkswagen-branded machine to use thermal-imaging night vision. The Chinese market has evolved into Volkswagen's most important, and the Phideon is filled with autonomous driving technology, including adaptive cruise control, hands-free lane-keeping, and self-parking.
Why does this matter, really? Well, Volkswagen had planned an expensively engineered replacement for the expensively engineered sales disaster that was its flagship Phaeton, but that got iced in the wake of the diesel-emissions scandal. Then the Phaeton program got resurrected as a pure-electric model, but then it got iced again. Insiders at Volkswagen insist chairman Herbert Diess wants a big car above the Passat and if it's not going to be the Phaeton, there's little stopping him from making it the Phideon.
After all, why else launch a China-only car at the Geneva auto show, the car industry's favorite global show, when the Beijing auto show is less than two months away? Even if the Phideon-not-Phaeton does end up being sold outside of China, we don't expect the car to make it to North America—memories of the Phaeton's failure here apparently are too fresh. As one Volkswagen of America spokesperson said, "It's never, ever, ever coming to the U.S." That's pretty definite.
2021 Nissan Armada Starts at $49,895


During a Saturday evening at Nana and Papa's house, Little Lucy (left) reacts to news that now she is part of the elite group of clubbers in the DoPACK.
Goodness knows this little member fits the bill--she loves to DO things! All the time. Especially at 2 a.m. and 4 a.m. Just ask her mama and daddy.
Learn more about why Lucy loves Dupaco here.


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Live From ATM, Dubai: Qatar Airways Announces 3 New Routes
Qatar Airways has announced its route expansion programme over the next few months with three destinations joining the airline's ever-growing global network from its hub in Doha, capital of the State of Qatar.
The Iranian holy city of Mashad and the Egyptian tourist centre of Alexandria will be added to the network in June, followed four months later by the Kenyan capital of Nairobi in October.
With scheduled flights to Tunis and Algiers launched earlier this week on May 2, Qatar Airways increased its tally of destinations to 62 worldwide with a fleet of 40 modern all-Airbus aircraft. The airline has been busy preparing for its 63rd route, when the Greek capital Athens comes on line in June.
The route expansion was announced by Qatar Airways Chief Executive Officer Akbar Al Baker at Arabian Travel Market (ATM), the Middle East's leading travel trade event being held in Dubai this week.
Speaking at a press conference at ATM, Al Baker said the expansion reinforced Qatar Airways' status as one of the fastest growing airlines in the world.
'Our expansion is being achieved with a dedicated workforce, careful planning and the delivery of modern, reliable and comfortable state-of-the-art aircraft,' he said.
'Qatar Airways is growing at a phenomenal pace opening up new routes and adding new and modern aircraft every year to become an airline of choice.
'The business is there, the market is there, demand is there - and we operate routes to serve the growing needs of our passengers.
'Our new routes will be ideal for pilgrims, holidaymakers and business travellers from the region and, indeed around the world, who can feed into our flights in and out of Doha.'
Qatar Airways is also increasing capacity in key markets this summer and the coming winter.
Al Baker revealed that the airline took delivery of its 40th aircraft last week, a brand new Airbus A330-300 featuring state-of-the-art interiors with one of the best Business and First Class cabins in the sky.
'Over the next few months during the busy summer season, Qatar Airways will be putting extra capacity into certain markets,' he said.
'Our Zurich flights will be upgraded from the Airbus A319 to the larger A300s, while our new services to Tunis and Algiers will, from June, be also served with the bigger aircraft. We are also looking at increasing frequency to Manchester in the UK.'
He added: 'And we are stepping up the number of services to Germany following the recently-concluded more liberal bilateral agreement between the governments of Qatar and Germany.'
Live From ATM, Dubai: Visitor Numbers Jump 12% on Day One ATM
Live From ATM, Dubai: DTCM Launches Interactive CD-ROM Guide on Dubai


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Leading the Charge: Chairman Vig Champions Progress, Sustainability
Andrew Cuomo: 'I'm Not A Scientist' When It Comes To Fracking
Washington Tribes Testify Against Canada Oil Pipeline
Originally published Wednesday, October 22, 2014 at 6:38 PM
Washington state tribes are testifying in Canada this week about their opposition to expansion of the pipeline from Alberta's tar sands to Vancouver, B.C., and the increase in oil tankers that would follow.
By PHUONG LE
U.S. tribes told Canadian regulators on Wednesday they're opposed to a proposed pipeline-expansion project in Canada that could dramatically increase the number of oil tankers plying West Coast waters.
Kinder Morgan Canada has proposed a $5.4 billion expansion of its existing Trans Mountain pipeline, which links oil from Alberta's tar sands to the Vancouver, B.C., area.
The project could increase by sevenfold the number of oil tankers that transit Washington state waters.
Tribal leaders from Washington state traveled to Chilliwack, B.C., to testify before Canada's National Energy Board.
Increased oil-tanker traffic could boost the risk of oil spills with devastating consequences for tribes' way of life, culture and the environment, as well as their U.S. treaty right to fish, they said.
"It's not if, but when, one of these tankers run aground somewhere," Brian Cladoosby, chairman of the Swinomish Indian Tribal Community in La Conner, Skagit County, told the panel, according to an online broadcast of the meeting.
He noted the close call over the weekend when a Russian container ship drifted powerlessly off the British Columbia coast, raising fears about a fuel spill. That vessel was towed into the port city of Prince Rupert on Monday.
"We are salmon people, and it is very, very important to us. It's central to our culture," said Cladoosby, who is also president of the National Congress of American Indians.
His 900-member tribe relies on its salmon and shellfish and other natural resources, and much of that would be threatened by a major oil spill, he said.
The pipeline project would nearly triple the capacity of the existing pipeline, increasing flow from 300,000 barrels of oil a day to almost 900,000.
Under the proposal, up to 34 tankers a month could be loaded with oil at a terminal outside Vancouver, B.C., generally travel through Haro Strait west of San Juan Island and the Strait of Juan de Fuca for export to markets in Asia and the U.S. That's up from about five tankers a month now.
Gary Youngman, the lead for aboriginal engagement for the Trans Mountain Expansion Project, said the company respects the tribes' input and values its relationship with the U.S. tribes.
"We will continue to be committed to minimizing impact and protecting the marine environment," he said in an emailed statement.
Leonard Forsman, chairman of the Suquamish Tribe on the Kitsap Peninsula, told the panel that the tribe is opposed because of the potential oil-spill risks.
"The more traffic there is, the more oil there is, the more opportunity there is for a catastrophic spill," he said. "We're concerned about the catastrophic impact that an oil spill can have on the ecosystem."
The board noted that it's the first time U.S. tribes had testified before it. It's expected to release a final report in January 2016 with a recommendation to the Canadian government.
U.S. tribes aren't Canadian citizens, but "they are profoundly impacted by the project," and share a culture with the Coast Salish people in Canada, Jan Hasselman, a lawyer with Earthjustice representing the tribes, told the panel.
Members of the Tulalip Tribes and Lummi Nation are scheduled to testify Thursday.


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Mignon Clyburn Named to Artificial Intelligence Commission
Broadcasting&Cable
John Eggerton
Coverage Type:
Former Federal Communications Commission Commissioner Mignon Clyburn has been tapped to join tech execs, academics, national security officials and others on a new National Security Commission on Artificial Intelligence. Clyburn joins representatives from Amazon, Google, Oracle and Microsoft on the committee, which was created by the National Defense Authorization Act and charged with reviewing the impact on national security on advances in AI, artificial learning and related fields. The commission is tasked with producing a report to the White House by August 2019.
ITTA—The Voice of America's Broadband Providers Will Shut Down Jan 31
Submit your Nomination for the 2020 Digital Equity Champion Award!
Jessica J. González Named Co-CEO of Free Press and Free Press Action
FCC Chairman Pai Appoints Paul Jackson to Lead Congressional Affairs Team
President Trump Nominates New FCC Inspector General


Unfinished business: Coal miners across South Africa walk away .Mar 22, 2017 . As the global market for coal slowly declines, slimmer margins are forcing international mining companies, including majors BHP Billiton and Anglo American, . Every year, South Africa's coal mines – operational and abandoned – are estimated to release greenhouse pollution equivalent to 900,000 cars.coal mining pollution control technologies by bhpbilliton south africa,Mining Industry OverviewAug 8, 2011 . BHP Billiton is a global mining, oil and gas company headquartered in . Mines in: Algeria, Australia, Brazil, Canada, South Africa, USA ... gathering/providing information, mine pollution control, and overseas field survey services in Japan. JFE Holdings Inc.: Japan. National Pension Service: South Korea.Impacts of mining on water resources in South Africa: A review1Department of Civil Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag x680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa. . Some form of water treatment and prevention to nullify or neutralise the acid levels of the mine water is necessary. The water quality of the Blesbokspruit, klip and wonderfontein in the test area was below.
of coal production in South Africa: Anglo-American, Exxaro, , BHP Billiton and. Xstrata (Figure 2) .. 7 Long-walling technology has found application in only a couple of coal mines in South Africa and less than. 5% of the . companies now control more than 30% of South African coal production (Prevost, 2010). 8 .
of ordinary citizens on the negative impacts that comes with mining. Section 24 of the. Constitution of the Republic of South African1, which is continuously quoted by environ- mental activists, deals mainly with the prevention of pollution and ecological degradation and promotion of conservation. In most developing.
Mar 22, 2017 . As the global market for coal slowly declines, slimmer margins are forcing international mining companies, including majors BHP Billiton and Anglo American, . Every year, South Africa's coal mines – operational and abandoned – are estimated to release greenhouse pollution equivalent to 900,000 cars.
Jul 13, 2016 . Department of Mining Engineering, Missouri University of Science & Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA; kwameamst. ... For instance, BHP Billiton reports that out of. 536 complaints in ... Kempe, J. Review of water pollution problems and control strategies in the South African mining industry. Water Sci.
Aug 8, 2011 . BHP Billiton is a global mining, oil and gas company headquartered in . Mines in: Algeria, Australia, Brazil, Canada, South Africa, USA ... gathering/providing information, mine pollution control, and overseas field survey services in Japan. JFE Holdings Inc.: Japan. National Pension Service: South Korea.
of. Coal Mining in South Africa. A CASE STUDY. Prepared by: Victor Munnik (Mvula Trust) with Geraldine Hochmann (Mvula Trust), Mathews Hlabane (SA .. effects of coal fired power stations with inadequate pollution control, and coal miners . Limited, a BHP Billiton subsidiary; Anglo Coal; ; Eyesizwe and Kumba.
Apr 13, 2015 . The traditional landscape of operations is transforming as emerging green technologies and equipment will soon make mining more efficient, cleaner and safer. A 2013 report . The eMalahleni Local Municipality in South Africa is another example of companies going the extra mile. Undertaken by Anglo.
In South. Africa, rising water tables in former mining areas currently threaten to acidify rivers and streams in the Witwatersrand. Basin. Elsewhere, seepage of .. Anglo American's Thermal Coal has invested a decade of research and development into mine water treatment technology. BHP Billiton worked with Anglo.
We identify today's most pressing sustainability issues in mining and discuss the challenges and requirements to address these in a way that is fully integrated with ... In South Africa and Mozambique, BHP Billiton has partnered with the nonprofit Program for Appropriate Technology in Health to improve the health and.
Mine water and wastewater treatment solutions from Veolia Water Technologies South Africa (Veolia) help mining companies in South Africa and Africa reduce their effects . Water solutions have successfully helped mining companies across the globe to refine minerals, reduce waste, limit pollution, and drive profitability.
Dec 13, 2016 . modular mines? What culture, skills, processes and technologies will support our strategic goals?" Philip Hopwood. Global Leader – Mining. Deloitte .. 2035 approximately. 35 percent of current jobs in the UK will be automated.16 Similar trends are expected in Australia and South. Africa. RPA tools.
Feb 21, 2018 . South32, the company spun off by BHP Billiton in 2015, has decided thermal coal is so threatened by renewables and unloved by investors it plans to offload its four South African coal mines. Once the sale is completed, South32 will be all done with thermal coal. Like South 32, BHP has faced a strategic.
Oct 15, 2016 . Nearly one year on from the worst environmental disaster in Brazilian history, the Gualaxo do Norte river in the south-eastern state of Minas Gerais still runs iron-ore . Critics say Samarco – a joint venture between mining giants Vale and BHP Billiton – just wants to cover over the mess and reopen the mine.
.pwc.za/mining. SA Mine. 8th edition. Highlighting trends in the South African mining industry. September 2016 . BHP Billiton, Glencore and South32 ... to global economic conditions that are beyond the control of companies in South. Africa. This could have a negative impact on revenue, cash flows, profitability.
The Olympic Dam mine is a large poly-metallic underground mine located in South Australia, 550 km NNW of Adelaide. It is the fourth largest copper deposit and the largest known single deposit of uranium in the world, although copper is the largest contributor to total revenue. Approximately 70% of the mine's revenue.
May 8, 2014 . Having purified contaminated water from three South African sites, Anglo American has produced drinking water for 80 000 people, and has doubled the size of its Witbank plant. Now companies such as BHP Billiton and Glencore Xstrata are looking to do the same. Anglo's treatment centre provides.
"There are many existing and emerging clean coal technologies that will enable the production, processing, conveyance and utilisation of coal in a more .. BHP Billiton Energy Coal South Africa, a wholly owned subsidiary of BHP Billiton, operates a number of coal mines in the Witbank Coalfield, Mpumalanga Province.
Oct 3, 2012 . Law sees Australia's role in mining technology growing in the future. NSW Coal Industry Meeting Enviro Challenges With the coal industry being a major contributor to the economy of New South Wales (NSW), it is important that coal exploration and mining continues to serve the state in terms of revenue,.
ABB South Africa Abloy Africa Absa Capital Absolute Aviation Group Absolute Containers Absolute Lubricants Acacia Fine Chemicals Acacia Mining plc AccTech. Accutrak Aciel Geomatics Acot500 Acudraft enterprises cc. Adanya Trading Enterprise Adcorp ADP Holdings Adtelecoms Advanced Coal Technology Advanced.


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Adrenaline Mob Post Samples of Song from Upcoming Debut Album
Adrenaline Mob have posted samples of two new songs -- "All on the Line" and "Indifferent" -- from their upcoming debut album, Omertá, online. You can check them out on the band's Facebook page or stream them below.
The band also recently released a music video for the track "Undaunted," which can be seen here.
Adrenaline Mob is vocalist Russell Allen (Symphony X), guitarist Mike Orlando and drummer Mike Portnoy.
Guitarist Rich Ward and bassist Paul DiLeo recently announced their departure from the band due to scheduling conflicts with their other bands.


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Mark 708 Series Low Flow Pneumatic Control Valve
The Mark 708 was developed to provide the most accurate control available for fractional flow services: whether for pilot plant installations, test stands, R & D facilities or for specialized processes such as dosing, injection and venting applications. With Cv's ranging from 0.00001 to 4.0 available in 1/4″ through 3/4″ line sizes (0,000009 to 3,4 Kv in sizes DN8 through DN20), the Mark 708 offers design features that will provide enhanced performance to insure precision control on your most critical micro-flow applications.
Mark 708SH – Short Pattern 1/4"
The Mark 708SH was developed by LowFlow Valve to provide the most accurate control available for fractional flow services; whether for pilot plant installations, test stands, R & D facilities, or for specialized processes such as dosing, injection and venting applications. The Short Pattern 1/4″ offers Cv's ranging from 0.00001 through 0.2 (0,000009 to 0,17 Kv in DN8). A small package ideal for crititial fractional flow applications where space is at a premium.
Mark 708CR Series for Cryogenic Service
Mark 708CR Series – The Mark 708 for cryogenic service features a 9" bonnet extension that provides protection for the packing and actuator by preventing ice build-up, which can interfere with movement of the valve stem and affect valve performance. For cryogenic services with temperatures as low as -425°F (-254°C).
Mark 708HP Series 8000 psi Control Valve
The Mark 708HP is a 8,000 psi (552 bar) maximum inlet fractional flow control valve. This rugged, compact control valve is suitable for a variety of industrial and research applications. It is ideal for offshore chemical injection, hydrocarbon processing, chemical processing, high effort hydraulic actuators and many other high pressure applications. Linear and equal percentage flow characteristics are available with Cv's ranging from 0.05 (0,04 Kv) to 1.25 (1,1 Kv). In addition, the Mark 708HP is available in a variety of end connections and optional materials of construction making it a versatile solution to your demanding valve requirements.
Mark 708HPA Series Control Valve
The Mark 708HPA is a 12,000 psi maximum inlet fractional flow control valve. This rugged, compact angle body control valve is suitable for a variety of high pressure industrial and research applications. The extended pressure capability makes it the ideal valve for offshore well system chemical injection. Linear and equal percentage flow characteristics are available with Cv's ranging from 0.05 (0,04 Kv) to 1.25 (1,1 Kv). In addition, the Mark 708HPA is available in a variety of end connections and optional materials of construction making it a versatile solution to your most demanding valve requirements.
Mark 708HT Series Control Valve
The Mark 708HT Series has a cooling fin bonnet option for protection of the stem packing from elevated temperatures associated with steam, hot water and high temperature oil, gas and liquid services. The finned bonnet cools the area around the packing, which permits the use of standard packing materials that otherwise would not be suitable for the service temperature conditions.
Mark 708ME Series with Motor Valve
The Mark 708ME offers many advantages including extreme accuracy, high turndown ratios and repeatability. The features of this high resolution, low hysteresis digitally controlled motor makes the MK708ME a premier control valve for applications involving chemical injection, dosing, pilot plants and research labs. In addition, it is a prime valve for skid builders.
Mark 708MV Series with Motor Valve
The Mark 708MV offers several advantages including extreme accuracy, high turndown ratios and repeatability. The features of his high resolution, low hysteresis digitally controlled motor makes the MK708MV a premiere control valve for applications involving chemical injection, dosing, pilot plants and research labs. In addition, it is a prime valve for skid builders. Additional features of the MK708MV include a switch-selectable power supply, a handwheel for manual operation and a 4-20 mA or split range current input signal. 0-5 or 0-10 VDC voltage signal, 4-20mA feedback, and various protective enclosure classes are standard features on these motors. Upon loss of input (not loss of power), the motor is designed to either lock in place, or fail to minimum input signal position.
Mark 709 Three Way Valve
The Mark 709 three way valve is a lightweight control valve for use as a mixing valve in low flow process applications. Featuring a three-way body design, it is constructed with two inlets to blend two separate flow streams into a common outlet, creating a third fluid.
8000 Series Control Valve
The Mark 8000 Series is a group of heavy-duty control valves specifically designed for process applications requiring full flow or fractional flow control. Available in a wide selection of body sizes and styles, this valve can be configured in two-way or three-way designs, for diverting or mixing service, and with globe or angle valve style seats. It can be ordered with a bellows stem seal, or an extended bonnet extension for cryogenic applications down to -425°F (-254°C), or with an electric actuator. It has a totally enclosed multi-spring actuator, which minimizes deadband and is field reversible without the use of special tools or extra parts. LowFlow Valve can also install a wide variety of positioners and actuators on the Mark 8000 to provide a valve that meets specific requirements. The Mark 8000 Series valve subassembly is manufactured completely from barstock, which combined with the standard heavy duty yoke and actuator, gives the valve the ability to handle pressure up to 6000 psi (414 bar), while still being able to offer Cv's ranging from 0.05 – 17 (Kv's 0,04 to 14.6). The barstock body design also allows greater flexibility when specialty materials are required. While the standard body materials are Stainless Steel and Carbon Steel, the Series 8000 can be manufactured in almost any exotic alloy, including Alloy 20, Hastelloy, Inconel and Monel. The Mark 8000 body material is not limited to alloys. I can also be manufactured in PVC or Kynar for applications where thermoplastics offer a better solution over alloy materials.
8000CR Series Cryogenic Option
The cryogenic option offers a bonnet extension that provides protection for the packing and actuator by preventing the formation and build-up of ice, which can interfere with movement of the valve stem and affect valve performance and control. This model is for use on cryogenic services with temperatures as low as -425°F (-254°C). The Mark 8000 Series is heavy-duty pneumatic control valve developed for cryogenic services. It is recommended for use with process below -40°F (-40°C).
8000T Series Three Way Body
The three-way Mark 8000T can be specified for use on mixing or diverting services. As a mixing valve, it is designed with two inlets to blend two separate flow streams into a common outlet creating a third fluid. For diverting service, the valve features on inlet and two outlets, allowing you to divert the flow from one outlet to the other as required to bypass heat exchangers, coolers, filters or other pieces of process equipment. The Mark 8000T is a heavy-duty pneumatic control valve developed for standard or low flow industrial process applications. It is recommended for use when service or environmental conditions may be too harsh for traditional three-way control valves.
Mark 15 Series Top Mounted Positioner
The Mark 15 Series is a line of compact instruments which incorporates a single-axis, force-balance principle of operation to ensure accurate and stable control valve positioning. In all cases, including bottom-loading applications, a MK15 is mounted directly on the topworks of the valve, with no external levers or other exposed mechanisms. Each positioned receives a signal from a control instrument, and using an air supply as high as 45 psig (3,4 bar), the positioned strokes the valve actuator to the required position
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About 15 gold medals lay gleaming on a table.
It was the athletes who shined at a Tuesday event, though.
The Special Olympics Challenge Day, held at the Lubbock State Supported Living Center showcased the skills of Special Olympic athletes in the Motor Activities Training Program.
The event is designed for people whose severe disabilities make them unable to participate in traditional Special Olympic sports, said Butch Lancaster, director for Special Olympics Texas in the South Plains. The program was created about a decade ago to help enhance participants' motor skills, sports skills and physical fitness, he said.
Residents at the center - formerly called the Lubbock State School - spent about eight weeks training for the event, said Paul Thomas, recreation director. The Challenge Day allowed them show off their skills in an Olympic-style setting, he said.
"It's not really a competition; it's about participation," Thomas said. "It helps them build self-esteem."
The event, held in an on-campus gymnasium, opened with the Pledge of Allegiance recited by resident and participant Mike Smith, 57. Several residents circled the room with a glittery Olympic torch as friends and caregivers cheered them on.
In 2009, 650 athletes from 20 counties participated in Special Olympic activities across the South Plains, Lancaster said. In Texas, the organization provides year-round sports training and athletic competition for 36,000 children and adults with intellectual disabilities. The Motor Activities program does not exclude any athlete, Lancaster said.
The residents played balloon volleyball, knocked down bowling pins and passed balls back and forth. To show off their fine motor skills, they stacked cups, played a keyboard and games, and practiced locking and unlocking various latches. The activities are designed to help participants gain valuable skills, Lancaster said.
There were no losers in the event, and no one came in first, Thomas said.
"We want everyone to feel as special as (traditional) athletes do when they go through all that training," Thomas said. "To me, the success is written on their faces. You can see the sense of accomplishment."


Scholarships have always been at the forefront of our mission in supporting AFLBS students. Currently, the school distributes approximately $100,000 in scholarships to AFLBS students. This year, the Alumni Association is taking the initiative to increase scholarship support for students. Our goal for the 2018-2019 school year is to raise an additional $35,000 as an effort of the Alumni Association. This is where you come IN!
By June 2019, we are looking for 100 new people to commit to the Scholarship 400 program. This program is a $250/yr commitment and will raise an additional $25,000 in scholarships for AFLBS students! If you prefer a tangible, regular way of giving, this is for you.
In addition to that, we are looking to raise $10,000 in direct giving to the general AFLBS scholarship fund. If you'd rather give a varied amount, you may contribute to this fund.
Click the category you wish to give to (Scholarship 400 or Bible School Scholarships).
Complete the online giving form. You may use a credit card, debit card, or electronic check.
Include a memo on your check 'Alumni Scholarship 18-19'.
Mail your gift with giving form to AFLBS, 3134 East Medicine Lake Blvd, Plymouth, MN 55441.


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Advancing the state of the art in computer vision with self-supervised Transformers and 10x more efficient training
Many of the most exciting new AI breakthroughs have come from two recent innovations: self-supervised learning, which allows machines to learn from random, unlabeled examples; and Transformers, which enable AI models to selectively focus on certain parts of their input and thus reason more effectively. Both methods have been a sustained focus for Facebook AI, and we're pleased to share new work that uses them to advance the state of the art in computer vision.
Working in collaboration with researchers at Inria, we have developed a new method, called DINO, to train Vision Transformers (ViT) with no supervision. Besides setting a new state of the art among self-supervised methods, this approach leads to a remarkable result that is unique to this combination of AI techniques. Our model can discover and segment objects in an image or a video with absolutely no supervision and without being given a segmentation-targeted objective. As the following example shows, our features are easily interpretable, suggesting that this class of models is capable of a higher-level of image understanding.
We're having trouble playing this video.
The original video is shown on the left. In the middle is a segmentation example generated by a supervised model, and on the right is one generated by DINO. (All examples are licensed from iStock.)
Segmenting objects helps facilitate tasks ranging from swapping out the background of a video chat to teaching robots that navigate through a cluttered environment. It is considered one of the hardest challenges in computer vision because it requires that AI truly understand what is in an image. This is traditionally done with supervised learning and requires large volumes of annotated examples. But our work with DINO shows highly accurate segmentation may actually be solvable with nothing more than self-supervised learning and a suitable architecture. By using self-supervised learning with Transformers, DINO opens the door to building machines that understand images and video much more deeply.
High performance is important in computer vision and other tasks, obviously. But efficiency is also vital because it enables researchers to train models even if they don't have access to large-scale computing resources. We are also sharing details on PAWS, a new model-training approach that can deliver state of the art results using much less compute. When pretraining a standard ResNet-50 model with PAWS using just 1 percent of the labels in ImageNet, we get state-of-the-art accuracy while doing 10x fewer pretraining steps.
With DINO and PAWS, the AI research community can build new computer vision systems that are far less dependent on labeled data and vast computing resources for training. We hope that our experiments will show the community the potential of self-supervised systems trained on ViT and encourage further adoption. Our code is publicly available here and here.
These projects are the results of our long-term collaborations with academic institutions across the world, including INRIA and Sorbonne University in France, and MILA and McGill University in Canada.
Self-supervised learning with Vision Transformers
Transformers have produced state-of-the-art results in many areas of artificial intelligence, including NLP and speech. In the past year, seminal works have successfully adopted Transformers for computer vision problems, as well, such as image classification and detection. Using a large amount of unsupervised data offers a great opportunity to pretrain these rich Transformer-based image representations.
Training ViT with our DINO algorithm, we observe that our model automatically learns an interpretable representation and separates the main object from the background clutter. It learns to segment objects without any human-generated annotation or any form of dedicated dense pixel-level loss.
These self-attention maps for selected heads were generated using DINO with videos of a horse, a BMX rider, a puppy, and a fishing boat.
The core component of Vision Transformers are self-attention layers. In this model, each spatial location builds its representation by "attending" to the other locations. That way, by "looking" at other, potentially distant pieces of the image, the network builds a rich, high-level understanding of the scene.
When visualizing the local attention maps in the network, we see that they correspond to coherent semantic regions in the image.
DINO focuses on the foreground object even in highly ambiguous situations.
DINO works by interpreting self-supervision as a special case of self-distillation, where no labels are used at all. Indeed, we train a student network by simply matching the output of a teacher network over different views of the same image.
We identified two components from previous self-supervised approaches that are particularly important for strong performance on ViT, the momentum teacher and multicrop training, and integrated them into our framework. The resulting model achieves state-of-the-art performance above all previously proposed self-supervised systems, revealing the potential of ViTs for self-supervised learning.
DINO learns a great deal about the visual world. By discovering object parts and shared characteristics across images, the model learns a feature space that exhibits a very interesting structure. If we embed ImageNet classes using the features computed using DINO, we see that they organize in an interpretable way, with similar categories landing near one another. This suggests that the model managed to connect categories based on visual properties, a bit like humans do. For example, we see that animal species are clearly separated, with a coherent structure that resembles the biological taxonomy.
This well-behaved feature space allows us to do very fast k-NN classification, without the heavy burden of network fine tuning or learning classifiers. We compared our model with state-of-the-art SSL techniques on the task of ImageNet classification. When comparing our models across throughput regimes, we see that DINO leads to the best performance.
This graph shows k-NN classification accuracy for various models.
Another surprising finding of this work is that this method is also among the best at identifying image copies, even though it was not designed for this. DINO-based models could potentially become the standard for copy detection systems used to identify misinformation and copyright infringement.
This graphic shows performance on recognizing near-duplicate images taken from the Flickr 100M dataset. Red and green boxes indicate false and true positives, respectively. DINO outperforms two baselines, a Vision Transformer trained on ImageNet, and MultiGrain, the current state of the art for near duplicate detection
PAWS: Highly efficient, semi-supervised learning of visual features
As noted above, we've also developed a new approach, called PAWS, that achieves better classification accuracy than previous state-of-the-art self-supervised and semi-supervised approaches while performing up to an order of magnitude (4x to 12x) fewer training epochs. For example, when training a ResNet-50 model on the ImageNet data set, with roughly only 13 labeled examples of each class, PAWS significantly surpasses the previous state-of-the-art after only 100 epochs of training (12x less than the previously best method), and sets a new state-of-the-art of 66 percent top-1 after only 200 epochs, which is a +6 percent improvement over the previously best method.
ImageNet Top-1 validation accuracy vs. pre-training computational effort when either 1% (left) or 10% (right) of the training set is labeled and the rest is unlabeled.
PAWS builds on self-supervised learning approaches like SwAV, but in contrast to self-supervised methods, PAWS achieves these results by leveraging a small amount of labeled data in conjunction with unlabeled data. Similar to self-supervised approaches, the focus during pretraining is to train a neural network to map images to latent representations. Given an unlabeled training image, we generate two or more views of the image using random data augmentations and transformations, and we train the neural network to make the representations of these views similar to one another.
Graphical description of PAWS.
Unlike self-supervised methods that directly compare the representations, PAWS uses a random subsample of labeled images to assign a (soft) pseudo-label to the unlabeled views. The pseudo-labels are obtained by comparing the representations of the unlabeled views with representations of labeled support samples, and then the model is updated by minimizing a standard classification loss, like cross-entropy, between the pseudo-labels of pairs of views of the same unlabeled image. Since it does not directly optimize prediction accuracy on the labeled samples, PAWS is much less prone to overfitting than other semi-supervised approaches. At the same time, by leveraging a small amount of labeled data in this way, PAWS trains significantly faster than typical self-supervised methods. Furthermore, in PAWS we form predictions for the positive and anchor view in slightly different ways, sharpening the target prediction, and as a consequence, PAWS is guaranteed to not learn "collapsing representations," where all images get mapped to the same representation — a common issue for self-supervised methods.
The benefits of high-performance self-supervised computer vision models
The need for human annotation is usually a bottleneck in the development of computer vision systems. By making our approaches more annotation-efficient, we allow models to be applied to a larger set of tasks and potentially scale the number of concepts they can recognize. Learning with limited supervision is also important for domains where there are few annotated images, like in medical imaging.
We hope that reducing the computation requirements of self-supervised and semi-supervised approaches will increase their adoption and stimulate further research in this area. In the spirit of collaboration and open science, we are publishing our work, and the associated source-code will be released.
Read the Paper on DINO
Get the DINO Code
Read the Paper on PAWS
Get the PAWS Code
Piotr Bojanowski
Mike Rabbat
Armand Joulin
Nicolas Ballas
Mathilde Caron
Mahmoud Assran
Facebook AI's Joelle Pineau receives Governor General's Innovation Award
The award recognizes Canadian leaders for their groundbreaking innovations and positive impact on the quality of life in the country.
Facebook Research at ICLR 2020
Facebook researchers will be participating in several activities at this year's virtual ICLR 2020.


Wenonah High School limited Center Point to just two points in the second quarter en route to a 52-34 triumph as the Dragons claimed the school's sixth state championship in the Class 5A boys' state basketball finals Saturday morning at the 97th AHSAA State Basketball Championships being held at the BJCC Legacy Arena.
The Dragons' previous state titles came in 1990, 1993, 2011, 2012 and 2013. Saturday's championship was the first under Coach Audwin Howard's direction. Wenonah (31-5) finished the season with only one loss to an AHSAA school.
Senior guard Cameron Tucker scored 18 points, six rebounds, two assists and two steals to earn Class 5A state tourney MVP honors. Jarvise Minter added 11 points and his twin brother Justin Minter had eight points and nine rebounds. The Dragons out-rebounded Center Point (18-15), coached by Rodney Chatman, 36-21 and limited the Eagles to only 16 made field goals. Wenonah was 9-of-10 from the free-throw line and shot 44 percent from the field.
Jordan Chatman led Center Point with 11 points and five rebounds. He was 5-of-6 from the field. Roderick Orr added seven points.
The Class 5A All-Tourney Team included: Cameron Tucker, Wenonah (MVP); Jarvise Minter, Wenonah; Justin Minter, Wenonah; Jordan Chatman, Center Point; Roderick Orr, Center Point; Roderick Harrington, Ramsay.


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Bianna Golodryga, Contributor
News and Finance Anchor at Yahoo!
The Pre-White House Careers of Our Presidents
Many different paths can lead to public office. It's always interesting to learn about the pre-political careers of U.S. presidents, the various jobs they had and the kind of work they did before entering the political arena. Among our past presidents, some say their previous work experience prepared them for the role of the presidency; for others, their professional skill sets weren't as readily transferrable when it came to being Leader of the Free World.
Below I explore the professional backgrounds and career trajectories of selected U.S. presidents.While it is unsurprising that many former presidents practiced law, there are a few occupational outliers.
Before reaching our country's highest office, what did they do for a living? Let's take a closer look...
Before entering politics, Herbert Hoover worked on several U.S. Geological Surveys as a mining engineer and traveled to China and western Australia while doing fieldwork. As Secretary of Commerce under President Calvin Coolidge, Hoover oversaw the federal government's response to the Mississippi Valley floods of 1927, a natural disaster that devastated Appalachia and rendered 700,000 Americans homeless.Hoover's coordination of aid and federal relief in the wake of the flooding was heralded as a masterpiece of management. For this reason some historians believe Hoover's legacy is undeserved. We remember Herbert Hoover as an ineffective leader, a president who did nothing to mitigate Americans' suffering during the Depression. It's easy to forget about the work he accomplished before he was President.
It is very likely that Ronald Reagan's career as an actor in Hollywood prepared him for life in the public eye. That he was gifted orator undoubtedly helped him excel as both an actor and a politician. Reagan, who graduated from Eureka College during the height of The Great Depression, was able to find work as a radio announcer in Davenport, Iowa. When it came to broadcasting, President Reagan was a natural. According to his bio for PBS.org's American Experience: An often repeated tale of Reagan's radio days recounts how he delivered "play-by-play broadcasts" of Chicago Cubs baseball games he had never seen. His flawless recitations were based solely on telegraph accounts of games in progress.
While many presidential candidates-Donald Trump included-have cited their business experience as qualifying them to run our government, George W. Bush's tenure as an MLB team owner didn't seem to be of much help during his presidency. As partial owner of the Texas Rangers from 1989 to 1998, Bush is credited with rebuilding the Rangers' franchise and developing their ball club into what it is today.
When was the last time the Democrats nominated a non-lawyer to run for president? That year was 1980, when President Jimmy Carter ran for re-election. Before running for Governor of Georgia, Carter worked on his family's peanut farm while serving in the Georgia state senate.
Many Americans are unaware of Lyndon Johnson's fascinating professional background. Before he ran for Congress in 1937 and became known as Master of the U.S. Senate, Johnson taught underprivileged Mexican-American children at a tiny school in Cotulla, Texas.
Johnson was highly regarded for his encouraging teaching style and dedication to his students (many of whom spoke little to no English upon enrolling). Years later, after signing the Higher Education Act of 1965, Johnson reflected on his experience as a teacher. Check out this video clip of President Johnson's moving speech:
Gerald Ford stood out as a star player on the football team at University of Michigan. After graduating, Ford was recruited by the Detroit Lions and the Green Bay Packers, with both teams offering him a contract. He turned them down, however, to attend Yale Law School. According to the Miller Center, "Yale needed an assistant football coach and Ford, who was looking for way to pay off his student debt" accepted the coaching job in 1935, hoping that the job would also help him get into Yale's prestigious law school.
What kind of background will our next president bring to the table?
Although we often hear the story of how Hillary Rodham Clinton met Bill Clinton while the two were classmates at Yale Law School, the question of how her training as a lawyer may or may not affect her leadership is rarely asked. Speaking at Yale in 1992, [Hillary] Clinton said: "Much of what I believe, and much of what I have worked for at stake in this election, is directly related to my time at the Law School."
And while Donald Trump touts his status as an Ivy League alumnus, Trump's alma mater (Wharton / University of Pennsylvania) has hardly embraced him. A recent article in New York Magazine discusses how Trump's "love for Penn" is not reciprocated by the institution. Earlier this year, a petition which claimed "Trump 'does not represent us' and expressed disgust that 'an affiliation with our school is being used to legitimize prejudice and intolerance'" circulated around the University of Pennsylvania campus and collected more than 3,800 signatures.
Originally published on BiannaGolodryga.com/the-pre-white-house-careers-of-our-presidents/
Politics News White House Bianna Golodryga History of the United States Us President


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Is Latin dead? Viva Latin!
It would not be an exaggeration to say that this great language is experiencing a kind of revival, the visible proofs of which are found in large amounts.
Origin of Latin
From Indo-European to Latin
During the second millennium before Christ primitive tribes of nomadic shepherds came from the plains of the north-eastern part of Europe, gradually moving to the south and west. These conquerors, who were Indo-Europeans brought with them certain activities (breeding of sheep, pigs, bulls and horses), technology (bronze metallurgy), religion, and language, which has evolved to meet the changing needs and as a result of making contact with new people they met.
This initial language is unknown, but through the languages that came from Latin it is possible to reconstruct certain elements of the language: Sanskrit in India, Old Persian in Iran, Hittite in Asia Minor, Slavic languages, Baltic, Germanic and Scandinavian, Celtic languages, ancient Greek and Latin languages. Then these languages have evolved and today approximately every second person in the world is speaking on any other Indo-European language. None of these languages families can be compared according to their importance.
From Latin to Roman languages
Three Indo-European communities were established in Italy: the Romans, Usky people and the Umbrians. From the very beginning Latin, used for the whole Italian peninsula, was spoken only in Lazio that is around Rome.
Much later the Roman soldiers and traders brought with them to the conquered countries folk and oral form of the Latin language, the so-called vulgar Latin. In the provinces the Latin language evolved differently, thus giving birth to Roman languages. French, Occitan and Catalan, Italian and Sardinian (Sard), Spanish, Portuguese and Galician, Romanian, Romanche (fourth national language of Switzerland).
For several decades the uplift of Latin was observed in Quebec. Since the Quiet Revolution, this movement has been greatly accelerated, particularly in recent years, after simplification of education certificate (1996) and reformation program (1997). This situation was the result of poor understanding of the classical education positive effects and its development has influenced international development of the linguistic profession. For those who are involved in education, associated with the languages, Quebec is indeed an example for a number of countries: Finland, Belgium, Switzerland, Germany, England, Scotland, France ... here are a few countries that have decided to save or to allocate this language in their programs.
But such kind of interest to Latin language cannot be considered only as an European phenomenon. In the United States, the Latin recovery was accompanied by a series of studies that have been carried out since the 1990s. These studies found that students who attended lectures on Latin, regularly showed higher language skills and were able to solve mathematical tasks much easier. In addition, these students significantly developed the knowledge of history, an understanding of the modern world, as well as knowledge of science and foreign languages. What is even more interesting is the fact that Latin today is not a phenomenon exclusive for nobility, as Latin is taught not only for students studying foreign languages because of poor results of students on lectures.
Speaking about Ontario we should mention that the classical education returns here. More than forty schools with secondary education currently offer to study this subject and at least about fifty schools in Greco-Roman civilization. To meet the needs of qualified professors for teaching Latin there was resumed a Bachelor for teaching Latin at the University of Toronto. Even in Quebec, the situation is not as it is described in various articles. In fact, College Jean-de-Brebef is not the only institution of secondary education in Quebec, where the classical scheme of teaching was agreed. Latin is also offered at Additional courses in college Villa Maria and Academy of Roberval (public education institution). College Mont-Saint-Louis, not offering linguistic degree, also added to its teaching schedule lessons on classical education. Finally, as of September 2013, even Cégep de Trois-Rivières offered a course on the fundamentals of the Latin language.
So, we can safely claim that the statement on death of the Latin language and the disappearance of classical language is a premature statement. It would even be fair to talk about the revival of the Latin language, what is evidenced by many visible signs. Popular literary and popular works were translated into Latin, including "The Little Prince", "Harry Potter," "The Hobbit," "Robinson Crusoe," etc. Others apparently inspired Greco-Roman world, including Eragon, Amo Darahon, Percy Jackson ... Many news sites on the Internet are compiled in Latin (Ephemeris). Also the magazines for youngsters are printed (Adulescens), even bands performing rock and hip-hop are formed. Yet Wikipedia and Facebook are available in Latin.
How can we explain such an interest to this material at the beginning of XXI century? It was confirmed by recent studies, experts from Latin discussed it for many years as well. Intelligently structured course of Latin offers significant advantages that cannot be offered by studying of modern languages: the development of logical and scientific thinking; linguistic enrichment, especially speaking about French and English; simplify further studying of modern languages; obtain a solid understanding of general culture and a better understanding of world culture today; because this language is always strongly associated with the Greco-Roman civilization and numerous conflicts, events and political structures, measured through the Greco-Roman perspective.
But advantages of classical lessons are not limited to the listed intellectual superiority. Nowadays in many countries the Latin language is used in the professional fields, of which many are not even aware. These include the tourism and heritage. Even in America the knowledge of the Latin language provides significant advantages as it can help to explain the numerous decorative elements that adorn the monuments and buildings, even the best way to explain the visitors some works of art that are exhibited in museums. Speaking about architectural sphere, here the Latin language is a necessary tool for the classification and computerization of historical archives and collections of rare works. Technicians and specialists of decor or costumes that have a basic knowledge of Latin and Greco-Roman civilization are necessary in the film industry in order to convey historical realities more precise. Even institutions that are associated with new technologies consider today classical education as one of the trump cards during software development.
Do we mean by this that you must return to classical education and force all students to learn Latin? Not at all: the studying of classical languages is just one of numerous ways to achieve success in education. We wish just to stop to treat the study of Latin as the old and useless profession. You may also regard Latin as optional subject in secondary education, in college or even university programs.
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Tanakh (the Jewish Bible, Prophets and Writings) is the cornerstone of Jewish tradition; but how do we take our most ancient text and make it come alive for contemporary Jews? Read how educators deploy an array of methodologies and pedagogies to unlock the treasures of the Tanakh for today's students.
Click here to download the PDF and printer friendly version of this issue of HaYidion
Philosophical Inquiry with Tanakh
by Jen Glaser Issue Teaching Tanakh
RELATED TOPICS Jewish StudiesPedagogy
Glaser has developed a method for students to engage with philosophic concerns such as truth, meaning and justice through engagement with stories in Tanakh.
Staying Abraham's Hand: On Withholding Disturbing Biblical Texts
by Dr. Ora Horn Prouser Issue Teaching Tanakh
Many passages in Tanakh present considerable challenges to the reader for a host of reasons. This article suggests some tools to help student struggle successfully with those texts.
Advancing 21st Century Skills through Tanakh Education
by Sharon Freundel Issue Teaching Tanakh
Freundel shows a process that schools can take to bring Tanakh education in line with the aims of today's leading educational theorists.
Differentiation: Road Maps to Torah Study
by Beth Burstein Fine Issue Teaching Tanakh
Fine presents an approach to differentiated instruction called Layering Torah that adapts a successful pedagogy for application in the Judaics classroom.
Terms for Biblical Study
by Editor Jul 21, 2012
The following are some of the terms used in the articles in this issue.
Good and Welfare Posts from RAVSAK Schools
The East Valley Jewish Day School in Chandler, Arizona, held its 1st Annual 5K Family Fun Run on April 24th. It was our goal to bring the community together to support the school while promoting health awareness. Even though our school has an enrollment of 24 students this year, over 100 people attended the event. It was a huge success and we will continue it for years to come.
From the Desk of Arnee Winshall, RAVSAK Chair
by Arnee Winshall Jul 21, 2012
As we approach Shavuot, we cannot help but think about the giving and receiving of the Ten Commandments and how these key tenets have been at the core of what it means to be Jewish, to be a good human being, to develop awe and respect for God and God's creation, and to respect and care for each other. We think about the significance of relationships between God and humankind and between people. What are the obligations and qualities that ensure these relationships will be strong, nurturing and infused with moral compass?
Presented here is a sample of the responses to Michael Berger's article "Developing a Theory of Jewish Day School Leadership" on pages 24-26 of the spring issue. The article generated a robust discussion with many contributors; to see all of the responses, go to ravsak.org/hayidion/avichai.
by Barbara Davis Jul 21, 2012
The second most wonderful thing about serving as an editor of HaYidion (the first is working with Elliott Rabin and the members of the editorial board) is the opportunity it provides for me to engage in my own Jewish learning. In addition to the in-depth reading of the work that appears in each issue, I have the chance to do some research in order to write an introduction that measures up in some degree to the scholarship and experiences embedded in our contributors' pieces.
The Quality of Life Wheel: A Tool for Reading, Understanding and Living
by M. Evan Wolkenstein Jul 21, 2012
RELATED TOPICS: Jewish StudiesPedagogy
The author has developed a map of qualities that students apply to biblical stories and use to navigate the relationship between Tanakh and their own lives.
Promoting Torah Literacy: Strategies from the Field of Literacy Education
by Yael Sacks Jul 21, 2012
Tools from the field of literacy education provide ways for teachers to introduce critical thinking skills into the study of Tanakh.
Museum Learning: Entering Torah through Pictures
by Ian Silverman and Michael Druin Jul 21, 2012
RELATED TOPICS: Jewish StudiesPedagogyArts
A set of beautiful drawings, rendered by a rabbi who is also an artist, depicting scenes from the weekly parashah gives all students, especially visual learners, a different kind of portal to reflect upon the meaning and interpretation of Biblical stories.
Doing the Work: Interpretative Experience as the Fulcrum of Tanakh Education
by Allison Cook and Orit Kent Jul 21, 2012
The tasks of translation and personalization, finding relevance, should not be confused with interpretation, a true engagement with the text's meaning.
Authentic Tanakh Assessments: a Typology
by Alex Sinclair Jul 21, 2012
A professor involved with the Tanakh Standards and Benchmarks Project at JTS suggests creative ways of assessing student achievement in Tanakh and points out some of the common pitfalls.


One winter morning, Barroux was walking down a street in Paris when he made an extraordinary find: the real diary of a soldier from the First World War. Barroux rescued the diary from a rubbish heap and illustrated the soldier s words. Our soldier recounts the first two months of the First World War, from the moment France officially declares war and mobilisation is announced, until early September 1914. His diary tells of the hope and the carnage; the long journeys and endless nights; the friendships, the horror and the hunger; the family he misses, the news he is anxious to receive; the sound of gunfire and the pain f swollen feet; the fear and the courage in the trenches; the sickness and the injuries; and a very narrow escape from death. In this striking black and white graphic novel adaptation of a 100-year-old diary, the events of the first two months of WWI are given fresh meaning through a man's story that is silhouetted against the historical events that formed and transformed the world we live in today.
BARROUX is an internationally famous illustrator whose books include "Extraordinary Pets," "Mr. Leon's Paris," and "Where's Mary's Hat." He has worked as a press illustrator for "Forbes Magazine," the "New York Times," and the "Washington Post." SARAH ARDIZZONE has twice won the Marsh Award for children's literature in translation. MICHAEL MORPURGO is the former Children's Laureate and award- winning author of children's books including War Horse.


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