text:
Church workers lose contact with central Philippines as typhoon hits
Residents in a town south of Manila flinch from wind and rain brought on by Typhoon Haiyan Nov. 8. The storm, possibly the most powerful ever to hit land, battered the central Philippines, forcing millions of people to flee to safer ground, cutting power lines and blowing apart houses. (CNS photo/Charlie Saceda, Reuters)
By Simone Orendain • Catholic News Service • Posted November 9, 2013
MANILA, Philippines (CNS) — As Super Typhoon Haiyan barreled across the central Philippines, national and international church aid officials lost contact with their local counterparts.
"I'm just monitoring the news and I'm just hoping for the best," said Josephine Ignacio of Caritas Philippines. "I'm just hoping that the government's massive pre-emptive evacuation operation did miracles."
The Category 5 strength typhoon hit a part of the country made up of dozens of small islands, which made things very difficult for Catholic aid and other workers who lost touch with their local counterparts Nov. 8.
Joe Curry, Philippines country director of the U.S. bishops' Catholic Relief Services, was in the central province of Bohol, coordinating efforts related to an Oct. 15 earthquake.
Curry said Bohol itself was not "really hard hit," but the islands of Leyte and Samar on the easternmost edge of the country were pummeled by Haiyan bearing 195-mph winds.
"We just don't know much information," he added.
Curry said it was not just communications that were a challenge; aid workers would have to go island hopping to get to those most in need.
"With Mindanao last year we could drive, this year we can't," he said, referring to Typhoon Bopha. With Haiyan, CRS was contending with closed airports and grounded flights as well as a central-Philippines-wide suspension of all transportation by air, sea and land.
He told CNS it was a "very trying time for CRS and the church, I think, just to cope with all these crises, not to mention all the people who are in the middle of it and being affected themselves."
Ignacio told Catholic News Service Nov. 8 that, for days, in preparation of the storm that was being called the worst to hit the Pacific this season, if not in history, her office was in touch with nine local dioceses in Leyte and other nearby provinces "until we were cut off by the typhoon."
"Only the Diocese of Maasin showed some signs of life," she said, referring to an area on the southernmost tip of Leyte. It suffered strong wind damage, but Ignacio said families taking shelter in a local church were reportedly safe and able to return home by the end of the day.
She said she had just seen news footage of a father caught in the storm holding on to his 6-year-old, who had just died.
During a briefing with the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council, a representative of power cooperatives in the multiple-island Visayas said Leyte and Samar, as well as several other provinces, were completely in the dark. Others had partial power, and restoring electricity would be a challenge with major roads blocked by fallen trees.
National Telecommunications Commission Director Edgardo Cabarios told the council three of the country's major cell service providers were dealing with poor to nonexistent reception and cell towers that were not communicating with each other properly.
Cabarios said even regional government officials were having a hard time getting in touch with their national counterparts in Manila.
"They are coordinating with private civic radio groups in order to communicate with us here about Typhoon Yolanda (the local name of the storm)," said Cabarios.
As early as Nov. 5, the government started a major push to get people out of their homes and into reinforced shelters. Emergency workers prepositioned relief goods in remote areas and had farmers harvest crops and secure livestock, while also ordering hospitals and other offices to reinforce rooftops. The effort culminated with President Benigno Aquino's national address imploring citizens to follow the order.
More than a million people heeded the call.
"I have seen how it was in the Bopha typhoon," Ignacio said. "I just don't want to speculate anything now because it might be quite depressing."
But she was looking to "one good thing about (Haiyan), if I could consider that": It was traveling across the country at four times the speed of a typical typhoon, which meant it would be exiting more quickly. It was expected to leave the Philippines Nov. 9 and head toward Vietnam.
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text:
Promieszki (; ) – wieś na Białorusi, w obwodzie witebskim, w rejonie głębockim, w sielsowiecie Hołubicze.

Historia
W czasach zaborów w granicach Imperium Rosyjskiego.

W latach 1921 – 1945 wieś leżała w Polsce, w województwie wileńskim, w powiecie dziśnieńskim, do 11 kwietnia 1929 w gminie Dokszyce, następnie w gminie Hołubicze.

Według Powszechnego Spisu Ludności z 1921 roku zamieszkiwało tu 75 osób, 1 była wyznania rzymskokatolickiego a 74 prawosławnego. Jednocześnie wszyscy mieszkańcy zadeklarowali białoruską przynależność narodową. Było tu 17 budynków mieszkalnych. W 1931 w 17 domach zamieszkiwały 73 osoby.

Miejscowość należała do parafii rzymskokatolickiej w m. Zaszcześle i prawosławnej w Hołubiczach. Podlegała pod Sąd Grodzki w Głębokiem i Okręgowy w Wilnie; właściwy urząd pocztowy mieścił się w Hołubiczach.

Uwagi

Przypisy

Wsie w rejonie głębockim

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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text:
MIT Open Access Articles
Chemistry meets biology in colitis-associated carcinogenesis
Mangerich, Aswin; Dedon, Peter C.; Fox, James G.; Tannenbaum, Steven Robert; Wogan, Gerald N.
Downloadentire manuscript (1.476Mb)
OPEN_ACCESS_POLICY
Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike
Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
The intestine comprises an exceptional venue for a dynamic and complex interplay of numerous chemical and biological processes. Here, multiple chemical and biological systems, including the intestinal tissue itself, its associated immune system, the gut microbiota, xenobiotics, and metabolites meet and interact to form a sophisticated and tightly regulated state of tissue homoeostasis. Disturbance of this homeostasis can cause inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)—a chronic disease of multifactorial etiology that is strongly associated with increased risk for cancer development. This review addresses recent developments in research into chemical and biological mechanisms underlying the etiology of inflammation-induced colon cancer. Beginning with a general overview of reactive chemical species generated during colonic inflammation, the mechanistic interplay between chemical and biological mediators of inflammation, the role of genetic toxicology, and microbial pathogenesis in disease development are discussed. When possible, we systematically compare evidence from studies utilizing human IBD patients with experimental investigations in mice. The comparison reveals that many strong pathological and mechanistic correlates exist between mouse models of colitis-associated cancer, and the clinically relevant situation in humans. We also summarize several emerging issues in the field, such as the carcinogenic potential of novel inflammation-related DNA adducts and genotoxic microbial factors, the systemic dimension of inflammation-induced genotoxicity, and the complex role of genome maintenance mechanisms during these processes. Taken together, current evidence points to the induction of genetic and epigenetic alterations by chemical and biological inflammatory stimuli ultimately leading to cancer formation.
http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/91231
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Center for Environmental Health Sciences; Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biological Engineering; Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemistry; Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Division of Comparative Medicine
Free Radical Research
Informa UK (Informa Healthcare)
Mangerich, A., P. C. Dedon, J. G. Fox, S. R. Tannenbaum, and G. N. Wogan. "Chemistry Meets Biology in Colitis-Associated Carcinogenesis." Free Radic Res 47, no. 11 (November 2013): 958–986.
Version: Author's final manuscript

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
package br.edu.utfpr.recominer.batch.calculator;

import br.edu.utfpr.recominer.metric.network.BichoCommunicationNetworkRepository;
import br.edu.utfpr.recominer.metric.network.CommunicationNetworkMetricsCalculator;
import br.edu.utfpr.recominer.metric.network.CommunicationNetworkRepository;
import br.edu.utfpr.recominer.metric.network.NetworkMetrics;
import br.edu.utfpr.recominer.core.model.Commit;
import br.edu.utfpr.recominer.core.model.Issue;
import br.edu.utfpr.recominer.core.model.Project;
import br.edu.utfpr.recominer.core.util.QueryUtils;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import javax.inject.Inject;
import javax.inject.Named;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.dao.EmptyResultDataAccessException;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;

/**
 *
 * @author Rodrigo T. Kuroda <rodrigokuroda at alunos.utfpr.edu.br>
 */
@Named
public class CommunicationMetricProcessor {

    private final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CommunicationMetricProcessor.class);

    @Inject
    private JdbcTemplate template;

    public NetworkMetrics process(Project project, Issue issue, Commit commit) {
        Integer metricId;
        try {
            metricId = template.queryForObject(
                    QueryUtils.getQueryForDatabase(
                            "SELECT id "
                            + " FROM {0}.communication_network_metrics "
                            + "WHERE issue_id = ?"
                            + "  AND commit_id = ?",  project),
                    (ResultSet rs, int rowNum) -> rs.getInt("id"),
                    issue.getId(), commit.getId());
        } catch (EmptyResultDataAccessException e) {
            metricId = null;
        }

        CommunicationNetworkRepository communicationNetworkDao = new BichoCommunicationNetworkRepository(project, template);
        CommunicationNetworkMetricsCalculator networkMetricsCalculator
                = new CommunicationNetworkMetricsCalculator(communicationNetworkDao);

        final NetworkMetrics networkMetrics = networkMetricsCalculator.calcule(issue, commit);
        networkMetrics.setId(metricId);

        return networkMetrics;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
El Observatorio Astronómico del Instituto de Profesores Artigas se encuentra en La Aguada, Montevideo, Uruguay, en la parte superior del edificio del Instituto de Profesores Artigas (IPA), institución perteneciente al Consejo de Formación en Educación, donde se forman docentes de todas las asignatura de la currícula de enseñanza media en Uruguay. Este Observatorio es el único presente en la red de Institutos de Formación Docente del país.

Descripción
Dirección: Avenida del Libertador 2025.
Situación geográfica del Observatorio, realizada por el Prof. Cnel Ivho Acuña (docente de Astronomía y de Cartografía en Secundaria y Formación Docente, integrante de la Sociedad Uruguaya de Astronomía y exdirector del Servicio Geográfico Militar):
Latitud geográfica: -34º 53´ 37´´ +/- 0,5''
Longitud geográfica: 56º 11´20´´ +/- 0,5´´ W.

Historia
El Observatorio Astronómico, que actualmente pertenece al IPA fue inaugurado el 9 de enero de 1976 en el local donde entonces funcionaba el Instituto Femenino (Instituto Batlle y Ordóñez), dirigido entonces por la profesora Alicia Goyena.

El telescopio había sido comprado a fines de la década del 60 con el esfuerzo económico de las alumnas del entonces Instituto Femenino lideradas y estimuladas por la profesora Gladys Vergara que ejercía la docencia en Astronomía en el IBO, quien luego de no poder ejercer la docencia en Secundaria por mucho tiempo, se reintegra como Directora del Observatorio Astronómico de Montevideo ubicado en el IAVA y siguió desempeñándose como Profesora Agregada del Instituto de Agrimensura de la Facultad de Ingeniería.

La construcción del observatorio y el montaje del instrumento se hizo posible gracias a la acción del Comité Nacional de Astronomía, el apoyo económico del Ministerio de Educación y Cultura y técnica de la entonces Universidad del Trabajo del Uruguay, actual Consejo de Educación Técnico Profesional.

A su inauguración asistieron representantes del Ministerio de Educación y Cultura (Cnel. Borba), del Comité Nacional de Astronomía (Prof. Carlos Etchecopar, que en aquel momento era el Director del Observatorio de Montevideo,la  Ing.Agrim. Lilián Pérez, quien colaboraba en el Obs. de Montevideo y se desempeñó en la Dirección de Catastro,  el Cnel. Leonardo Pastorino,  profesor efectivo de Secundaria; de la Universidad del Trabajo del Uruguay y del Consejo de Educación Secundaria (Insp. de Química Sara Satanoff,  y el Cap. Ambrosini, Inspector de Astronomía; así como el equipo de Dirección del IBO.

El único orador en la ocasión fue el Prof. Carlos Etchecopar, quien expresó: "La era del espacio ya nos alcanza muy de cerca. Toca a las autoridades de la enseñanza preparar a los jóvenes para la época que les corresponderá vivir, y a ello se encuentran abocadas".

En 1977 el local pasó a depender directamente del entonces Consejo Nacional de Educación (CONAE), y el Observatorio pasó a manos de Formación Docente, ya que el IPA no estaba más en la égida de Secundaria. Dejó de funcionar allí el liceo IBO, que se traslada al Prado, y se instalaron los centros de formación de maestros, Centro I, de profesores, Centro II y de especialización y posgrados, Centro III.

En 1985 los Institutos de Formación Docente retoman sus nombres originales: Instituto de Profesores "Artigas", Institutos Normales "María Stagnero de Munar y Joaquín R. Sánchez" e Instituto Magisterial Superior.  Se crea la Dirección de Formación y Perfeccionamiento Docente, de donde pasa a depender el Observatorio. Desde 1997, año en que se separan los institutos,  para ocupar sus locales propios, queda bajo la dirección del IPA, que mantiene su ubicación en el mismo edificio, Avda. del Libertador 2025.

Personal a cargo
1976: Prof. Olga Gatto (Directora interina), Prof. Julia Barceló, Ing.Agrim. Enzo Etcheverría (ayudantes), personal adscripto, administrativo y de limpieza.

1977: Prof. Julia Barceló (Jefa interina), Ing.Agrim. E. Etcheverría (ayudante), personal adscripto, y de limpieza.

1978 a 1982: Prof. Elina Cardozo (Jefa interina).

1982 a 1990: Prof. Gloria Terzano (Jefa interina), Prof. Gerardo Pacheco (Adscripto).

1990 a 1994: Prof. Gerardo Pacheco (Jefe interino).

1994 a 2006: Prof. Reina Pintos Ganón (Jefa efectiva por concurso), desde 1994 a 1996 el Prof. Gerardo Pacheco continuó como Adscripto efectivo por concurso,  y en los años 1997 Y 1998, se desempeñó el Prof. Eduardo Moreira como Adscripto al Observatorio, trasladando un cargo de Adscripto del Consejo de Educación Secundaria para el IPA.

2012: Lic. Sebastián Bruzzone (Jefe en carácter suplente)

2013: Tecn. Alberto Ceretta (Jefe en carácter suplente)

Instrumentos del observatorio
Originalmente contaba con un telescopio refractor de las siguientes características:
Refractor de 4 pulgadas de marca Unitron (de procedencia norteamericana) y lente Seiko.
Abertura: 102 mm
Distancia focal: 1500 mm
Razón focal: f/15
Poder separador: 1.1´´
Montura: ecuatorial de tipo alemán, con pie de metal fijo.
Caja de oculares con 6 oculares de distinta distancia focal: 25, 18, 12.5, 9, 7 y 6 mm para aumentos de 60, 83, 120,  167, 214 y 250 respectivamente.
anteojos auxiliares:
Astrográfico, para fotografía astronómica con ocular reticulado y 78 aumentos.
Buscador, para el calado fácil del astro mediante un ocular reticulado de poco aumento (10 X) y amplio campo visual.
Mecanismo de relojería con pesas para seguir el movimiento general diurno.

Este telescopio se encontraba fijo en una plataforma bajo cúpula de metal en el edificio original. Luego de la ampliación del edificio, en el año 2007-2008 el espacio fue remodelado, el telescopio removido, lamentablemente desaparecieron algunas piezas,  e instrumentos auxiliares, principalmente la caja de oculares, y devuelto a Secundaria, encontrándose actualmente en el Observatorio de Montevideo ubicado en el Instituto Alfredo Vásquez Acevedo, donde se le realizaron ajustes y mantenimiento para su ubicación en el IBO, cuando el liceo cuente con un lugar apropiado.

Luego de reinaugurado el Observatorio se adquirió un telescopio reflector, Meade, modelo LX90, en el año 2009, Año Internacional de la Astronomía.

Actividades desarrolladas
El Observatorio tuvo en principio como objetivo brindar un servicio de carácter zonal, es decir atender las clases prácticas de los liceos de educación media de las inmediaciones. Luego el servicio se vio ampliado atendiendo mayor número de liceos junto a los observatorios de Montevideo y del Instituto Dámaso Antonio Larrañaga, así como liceos privados habilitados por Secundaria y Liceo Militar. También realizan allí su práctica los estudiantes de profesorado del IPA y concurren asiduamente estudiantes de las diversas especialidades del IPA y de Magisterio a realizar observaciones y solicitar material. Asimismo se atienden escuelas del Consejo de Educación Inicial y  Primaria y colegios privados o a aficionados y público en general en ocasión de eventos importantes.

Su campo de acción cubre las áreas formativa, informativa y cultural.
En el año 2012 se realizó una retrasmisión de la Observación del tránsito de Venus delante del disco solar y en el año 2013 se realizó el seguimiento de la ocultación de un asteroide que culminó con la publicación de un artículo en la revista Nature.

En el mes de febrero de 2013 se dictaron cursos abiertos a todo público sobre el uso del telescopio y sobre el procesamiento de imágenes astronómicas.

Referencias

Observatorios astronómicos de Uruguay
Cultura de Montevideo
Edificios y estructuras de Montevideo
Aguada (Montevideo)


text:
Laws of the State of New York, Том 3,Делови 323-858
Аутор: New York (State)
mination on any application for the issuance of a permit, certificate or other operating authority within one hundred eighty days after a conpleted application is filed. The failure to approve or disapprove any completed application by such agency within one hundred eighty days shall be deemed a disapproval of said application, and (vi) provide for the imposition of a fee for such operating authority not to exceed the amount of the license fee for for-hire vehicles established by the commissioner of the agency having jurisdiction over the licensing of forhire vehicles in accordance with subdivision b of section 19-504 of the administrative code of the city of New York, as amended.
(2) Such local law or ordinance shall prohibit a van service or other such common carrier of passengers, other than van services and other such common carriers that are designed for the transport of transportation disabled persons as defined in section fifteen-b of this chapter and may lawfully engage in such transportation, from soliciting, picking up or discharging passengers at stops of, or along a route which is traveled upon by, a bus line which is operated by a transit authority or such city or a private bus company approved by such city to operate pursuant to a local law, ordinance or charter provision enacted in accordance with subdivision four of this section.
(3) Notwithstanding any provision of law to the contrary, such local law or ordinance may provide for the administrative adjudication of a violation of such local law or ordinance as if it were a parking violation and in accordance with article two-B of the vehicle and traffic law, or may provide for such adjudication by an agency or an administrative tribunal of an agency heretofore authorized pursuant to the charter of such city to adjudicate violations of local law, rules and regulations pertaining to for-hire vehicles as if it were a violation relating to for-hire vehicles and in accordance with the provisions of such charter pertaining to the adjudication of violations relating to for-hire vehicles. Such local law or ordinance may provide that notices of violation of such local law or ordinance may be served by any police officer, officer or employee designated by the city agency with regulatory responsibility, or authorized officers or employees of the transit authority of such city, and shall be returnable to such agency or administrative tribunal. Such local law or ordinance shall provide that the civil penalty imposed by such agency or administrative tribunal for a first violation relating to a van service or other such common carrier of passengers shall not be more than one thousand dollars, and for a second or subsequent violation within five years of the first violation shall not be more than twenty-five hundred dollars. Judgments based on such adjudications may be entered and enforced without court proceedings in accordance with such article two-B or the provisions of such charter pertaining to the enforcement of judgment relating to for-hire vehicles, as applicable.
(4) Such local law or ordinance shall provide that where such agency or administrative tribunal finds an owner liable for operating a vehicle as a van service or other such common carrier without the operating authority required by such local law or ordinance, such agency or administrative tribunal may notify the commissioner of motor vehicles of such finding and the commissioner shall thereupon suspend the registration of such vehicle as well as the registration or registrations of all other motor vehicles owned or operated by such owner or owners except private passenger automobiles until such time as such agency or administrative tribunal may give notice that the violation has been corrected to its satisfaction. The procedure on any such suspension shall be the same as in the case of a suspension under the vehicle and traffic law. Operation of any motor vehicle for which the registration has been suspended as herein provided shall constitute a class A misdemeanor. (5) Such local law or ordinance may provide for the seizure and forfeiture of vehicles that have been operated as a van service or other such common carrier of passengers without the operating authority required by such local law or ordinance, in accordance with the provisions of paragraphs b and c of this subdivision.
§ 2. This act shall take effect on the same date as a chapter of the laws of 1992 amending the transportation law and the vehicle and traffic law relating to the regulation of van services in cities with a population of over one million, as proposed in legislative bill number A. 1604-B, takes effect.
AN ACT to amend chapter 173 of the laws of 1961, relating to the abandonment of certain lands in Suffolk county acquired by the state from the United States government and authorizing the superintendent of public works to transfer same to town of Brookhaven, in relation to transferring certain lands to Dowling College
Became a law December 18, 1992, with the approval of the Governor. Passed on Home Rule request pursuant to Article IX, section 2(b) (2) of the Constitution by a majority vote, three-fifths being present.
The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and Assembly, do enact as follows:
Section 1. Section 1 of chapter 173 of the laws of 1961, relating to the abandonment of certain lands in Suffolk county acquired by the state from the United States government and authorizing the superintendent of public works to transfer same to the town of Brookhaven, is amended to read as follows:
Section 1. (a) Notwithstanding the provisions of any general, special or local law, the land hereinafter described, being a portion of certain land in the town of Brookhaven in Suffolk county acquired by the state by appropriation pursuant to chapter four hundred twenty-three of the laws of nineteen hundred forty-two for a flight strip is hereby declared to be no longer necessary or useful for the purposes for which it was acquired other state purposes and the superintendent of public works is hereby authorized to transfer such portion of land to the town of Brookhaven' for use by such town as a public landing field for small aircraft. Such portion of land hereinafter described shall be so transferred on the condition, except as provided in subdivision (b) of this section, that if it shall cease to be used for the purpose herein set forth or for other public town purposes it shall revert to the state and that such land will be ceded by the town of Brookhaven to the state should such land be required by the state for highway or other state purposes.
(b) Notwithstanding the foregoing, the town board of the town of Brookhaven, Suffolk county, is hereby authorized and empowered to sell and convey free and clear title without any restriction or incumbrance, upon such terms and conditions as it shall in its discretion deem appropriate, approximately 77.63 acres of such land to Dowling College for use for the building, maintenance and operation_of_the Dowling College National Aviation and Transportation Center. Such conveyance shall not result in a reversion to the state as provided in subdivision (a) of this section and Dowling College will own such parcel with good title free and clear of any restriction or incumbrance or rights to reversion by the state. The said parcel is bounded and described as follows:
All the certain piece or parcel of land located in the hamlet of Mastic, in the town of Brookhaven, County of Suffolk, State of New York, and being as more particularly described as follows:
Beginning at a point on the easterly side of William Floyd Parkway (CR46) 179.67 feet north of the northerly side of Grand Avenue, as sured along the easterly side of William Floyd Parkway (CR46); said point being on the northerly boundary of the Map of Mastic Acres Unit 19 filed in the Office of the Suffolk County clerk on February 13, 1948 as Map No. 1606;
Thence, N., 20 degrees, 17 minutes, 00 seconds, W., along the easterly side of William Floyd Parkway (CR46) a distance of 1,518.79 feet to the southerly boundary of the Map of Shirley, Long Island Unit "C" filed in the Office of the Suffolk County Clerk's Office on October 3, 1950 as Map No. 1793;
Thence, N., 88 degrees, 36 minutes, 14 seconds, W., through land of the town of Brookhaven and along said boundary and the southerly boundary of the Map of Shirley, Long Island Unit "H" filed in the Office of the Suffolk County Clerk's Office on August 10, 1951 as Map No. 1852, a distance of 3,647.42 feet;
EXPLANATION-Matter in italics is new; matter in brackets [ ] is old law
Thence, through lands of the Town of Brookhaven along the following five (5) courses and distances;
1,507.01 feet
550.00 feet
(1) S., 44 degrees, 15 minutes, 15 seconds, (2) N., 45 degrees, 44 minutes, 45 seconds, W. (3) S. 44 degrees, 15 minutes, 15 seconds, W. (4) S., 45 degrees, 44 minutes, 45 seconds, E. 108.82 feet to a point on the northerly map line of the Map of Mastic Acres Unit Nineteen;
(5) S., 88 degrees, 36 minutes, 14 seconds, W., 1,054.00 feet along said map line to the point or place of beginning.
Said parcel being approximately 3,381,486 square feet or 77.63 acres more or less, in area.
Said parcel also appearing as part of Lot 200-710-01-01.1 on the Suffolk County Map.
Any such lands so conveyed shall not however be subject to any provision of reverter to the state of New York as provided in subdivision (a), of this section and the commissioner of public works is duly authorized to execute and deliver any and all necessary documents which are required to release the right of reverter which the state may hold to the described parcel.
AN ACT to amend the real property tax law, in relation to the partial tax exemption for real property owned by persons sixty-five years of age or over who had previously qualified for such an exemption
Became a law December 23, 1992, with the approval of the Governor.
Passed by a majority vote, three-fifths being present.
The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and Assenbly, do enact as follows:
Section 1. Paragraph (b) of subdivision 3 of section 467 of the real property tax law, as amended by chapter 298 of the laws of 1988, is amended to read as follows:
(b) unless the owner shall have held an exemption under this section for his previous residence or unless the title of the property shall have been vested in the owner or one of the owners of the property for at least twenty-four consecutive months prior to the date of making application for exemption, provided, however, that in the event of the death of either a husband or wife in whose name title of the property shall have been vested at the time of death and then becomes vested solely in the survivor by virtue of devise by or descent from the deceased husband or wife, the time of ownership of the property by the deceased husband or wife shall be deemed also a time of ownership by the survivor and such ownership shall be deemed continuous for the purposes of computing such period of twenty-four consecutive months. In the event of a transfer by either a husband or wife to the other spouse of all or part of the title to the property, the time of ownership of the property by the transferor spouse shall be deemed also a time of ownership by the transferee spouse and such ownership shall be deemed continuous for the purposes of computing such period of twenty-four consecutive months. Where property of the owner or owners has been acquired to replace property formerly owned by such owner or owners and taken by eminent domain or other involuntary proceeding, except a tax sale, the period of ownership of the former property shall be combined with the period of ownership of the property for which application is made for exemption and such periods of ownership shall be deemed to be consecutive for pur poses of this section. Where a residence is sold and replaced with another within one year and both residences are within the state, the period of ownership of both properties shall be deemed consecutive for purposes of the exemption from taxation by a municipality within the
state granting such exemption. Where the owner or owners transfer title to property which as of the date of transfer was exempt from taxation
under the provisions of this section, the reacquisition of title by such owner or owners within nine months of the date of transfer shall be deemed to satisfy the requirement of this paragraph that the title of the property shall have been vested in the owner or one of the owners for such period of twenty-four consecutive months. Where, upon or subsequent to the death of an owner or owners, title to property which as of the date of such death was exempt from taxation under such provisions, becomes vested, by virtue of devise or descent from the deceased owner or owners, or by transfer by any other means within nine months after such death, solely in a person or persons who, at the time of such death, maintained such property as a primary residence, the requirement of this paragraph that the title of the property shall have been vested in the owner or one of the owners for such period of twenty-four consecutive months shall be deemed satisfied;
§ 2. This act shall take effect on the first day of January next_succeeding the date on which it shall have become a law, and shall apply to assessment rolls prepared on the basis of taxable státus dates occurring on and after such date.
(See FISCAL NOTE at end of Chapter.)
AN ACT in relation to the 1991 public employees retirement incentive program established by chapter 178 of the laws of 1991 respecting certain local employees who are members of New York city pension systems in continuous employment except in targeted positions
Became a law December 23. 1992, with the approval of the Governor. Passed on Home Rule request pursuant to Article IX, section 2(b) (2) of the Constitution by a majority vote, three-fifths being present.
Section 1. Notwithstanding any any other law, any person: (i) who is a local employee as defined in subdivision h of section 1 of chapter 178 of the laws of 1991 and a member of the New York city teachers' retirement system, the New York city board of education retirement system or the New York city employees' retirement system, (ii) who filed an application for service retirement and a retirement incentive form pursuant to chapter 178 of the laws of 1991, (iii) whose position was not targeted for the retirement incentive, (iv) who did not withdraw the application for service retirement, (v) who was retired from pension system membership pursuant to the application for service retirement, and (vi) who has been continuously employed although the application for service retirement became effective, shall be entitled to have the application deemed to be withdrawn as of the date prior to the effective date of retirement, by filing a written request with the head of the applicable retirement system.
§ 2. An employee who files such request shall be deemed to be in continuous membership from the date prior to the effective date of the withdrawn application.
FISCAL NOTE.-If this bill were to be enacted in the 1992 Legislative Session, there would be no cost to the City of New York on account of benefits. Source of this estimate is Jonathan Schwartz, Consulting Actuary, Leef & Jones.
EXPLANATION-Matter in italics is new; matter in brackets [] is old law
AN ACT to amend the criminal procedure law, in relation to the peace officer status of the Westchester county públic emergency force during emergencies
Became a law December 23, 1992, with the approval of the Governor. Passed by a majority vote, three-fifths being present.
Section 1. Section 2. 10 of the criminal procedure law, is amended by adding a new subdivision 57-a to read as follows:
57-a. Officers of the Westchester county public safety emergency force, when activated by the commissioner of public safety/sheriff of the county of Westchester; provided, however that nothing in this subdivision shall be deemed to authorize such officer to carry, possess, repair or dispose of a firearm unless the appropriate license therefor has been issued pursuant to section 400.00 of the penal law.


text:
Q: Retrieve StorageClass from S3 GetObject using AWSSDK We are evaluating the "Infrequent Access" storage option. I would like to know if an object is stored in STANDARD or STANDARD_IA when I retrieve an object, but the StorageClass is null in the GetObjectResponse object. Is there some way I can indicate that I want that populated in the response?
For us it makes sense to move an object to STANDARD if they request it once because they will likely touch it a few more times.
I did notice I can get this from ListObjects, but if I can get it at the time of the request, I would prefer that.

A: I am not familiar with the SDKs because I work directly with the REST API... however, the REST API is the interface the SDKs use, so it's a reasonably safe assumption that an empty storage class in the response would be equivalent to STANDARD, because the API returns nothing for the storage class when that's the case.

x-amz-storage-class
Provides storage class information of the object. Amazon S3 returns this header for all objects except for Standard storage class objects.
http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/RESTObjectGET.html

If this turns out to be an incorrect assumption, then examining the HTTP response headers (which I assume the SDK makes accessible) for the x-amz-storage-class: response header should get the answer, though again this header is completely absent for STANDARD objects.
This response header should also be accessible from a HEAD request'a response, and HEAD, would (I assume) be a method named something like getObjectMetadata.
Note that there is a small penalty for switching objects back from STANDARD_IA -- you pay for a retrieval fee, since this operation is actually a read followed by a write, moving data from one backing store to another within S3, and you pay for a minimum of 30 days of IA storage if the object has been in IA for less than 30 days when you change its class.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


This website tells the story of Dr Barry Cotter, the first doctor in Melbourne and his wife, Inez Seville Fitzgerald. It is written mainly for their descendants, especially those who have the surname Barry-Cotter.
But family or not it's a great story, full of action and adventure, infidelity, tragedy and betrayal, with characters and events that need no fiction to enhance them.
You can find out more about how the website came about by clicking here or go straight to the biography by clicking here.
The original website, moiramcalister.com was archived by the National Library of Australia into their Pandora Collection on May 29th, 2015. To view that website, click here.
Hobart Town on the River Derwent, Van Diemen's Land (1830) by W. J . Huggins (with permission from Tasmanian Archives and Heritage Office). This is how Hobart looked when Dr Cotter arrived in 1830.
My ancestor James Thomas Leslie sailed on the Juno with Dr Barry Cotter from Liverpool in 1830. He was employed by Barry Cotter on arrival in VDL. Can you provide any further information about their relationship? James was born in Dublin in 1812 and was sent out to Australia in 1830 as a remittance man. He married Margaret McCarthy from Cork in Hobart Town in 1833.
Hello. My name is Michael Joseph Cotter. My father is William reynold Dennis Cotter 20/ 10 /1946. His father was Joseph Lennox Cotter. I am told we are direct descendants of the Dr. BARRY COTTER. Can you help us to understand More??


As a dog parent, you want to make sure you're doing everything right when it comes to the care and well-being of your four-legged companion. Whether it's choosing the right dog food or buying them all the best toys, you just want to give your dog a happy and healthy life.
However, according to Bright Side, there are some potentially dangerous things you may be doing as often as everyday without even realizing it could harm your dog. Here are eight ways you may be unknowingly endangering your dog.
This one is fairly common knowledge at this point, but we wanted to include it because it's so important to never leave your dog alone in a car! According to Bright Side, internal car temperatures go up by 20 degrees in 10 minutes, regardless of whether you're parked directly in the sun or not. Dogs don't sweat like us, so overheating is extremely easy, and it's hard to tell when they're getting too hot.
Choosing the correct size of collar is important for both the safety and comfort of your pup. You don't want it to be so loose that they can slip out of it, nor do you want it so tight that they're constricted. The general rule is that if you can fit a finger between the collar and dog for small and medium sizes, and two fingers for big dogs, you should be set.
There have been stories of puppies being attacked at dog parks, and it can easily be due to the fact that larger dogs who are playing or roughhousing with one another can easily scare and/or attack your small puppy. Better to keep their play area in a controlled setting until they're bigger.
Just as yelling at another person when they do something you think is wrong rarely improves a situation, yelling at your dog is even less productive. If you're yelling at your dog for something that happened a while ago—for example, if you come home to a mess that could've happened hours ago—not only are they just going to be scared, but they'll also be confused. It won't seem like punishment for what they did wrong, they'll just see you as the enemy.
Bright Side emphasizes that physical punishment only assures one thing: your dog will be afraid of you. Using a reward-based system to train your dog is the key to a much happier, and well-behaved, pup.
From grooming needs to health issues, every breed of dog has its own specific requirements. Be sure to familiarize yourself with the specific needs of your dog's breed, as well as any potential warning signs associated with specific health issues they may be prone to, in order to give your dog the best care.
Your dog's teeth should be brushed almost as often as yours. It's recommended to start getting them used to the routine when they're puppies, so that you can avoid a mini-wrestling match with them every time you try to brush as they get older. Supplemental chewing sticks aren't nearly as effective as actual brushing, because if you're doing the brushing you can assure every tooth is reached. Be sure to use dog-specific toothpaste as well.
Dogs basically need as much mental and physical activity as people. You should be regularly walking your dog and making sure they're exposed to a mix-up in their routine every so often (e.g. Bright Side recommends exposing them to different sounds and smells to increase brain activity). If your dog gets bored, they'll find a way to entertain themselves—which usually means destroying some of your personal belongings.


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190 Students Take Matriculation Oath As FUOYE Approves N50m Research Grant For PG School
The Federal University Oye Ekiti, Ekiti State has approved a N50million research grant for its Post-graduate school to fast track development in tandem with its vision and mission to become institution of first choice recognized for providing critical opportunities for students' success.
Vice-Chancellor, Professor Abayomi Sunday Fasina said this during matriculation ceremony of 190 students of the university's Post-graduate school.
This is contained in a statement issued in Ekiti State by the university Public Relations Officer, Mr. Foluso Ogunmodede.
According to the statement, the Vice-Chancellor said the university's mission of making the institution the first choice recognized for providing critical opportunities for students' success was on track as he would not rest on its horns until the vision and mission of founding fathers were realised and achieved in his tenure.
While expressing joy and satisfaction at an outstanding international success recorded by a graduate of the university, who got an Oxford University fully funded scholarship for a Master's Degree, Fasina insisted that he would not rest on his oars until the university was ranked as the Nigeria's first choice and recognised as a primary and engaged regional and global resource for entrepreneurial educational and best practices in mining and farming technology.
Fasina said: I was challenged when a graduate from here got an Oxford University fully funded scholarship for a Master's degree programme in the UK. "And we want to replicate such here in this University. So, we are funding research endeavours in our post-graduate school with a Senate approved fund of #50 million.
"There are new courses that have been newly accredited and they will soon be brought on board. A befitting PG building will also be put in place next year. FUOYE is fast growing and it is the first out of the 11 Universities established by the Federal Government in 2011, we are graduating the first set of graduands during our forthcoming Convocation from December 13 to 19, 2021."
Besides, Fasina and the Dean, FUOYE 's School of Post Graduate Studies (SPGS), Prof. Rapheal Ajayi Omolehin, offered tips on how graduate students pursuing certifications in PGD, Masters, Mphil/PhD, and PhDs, would graduate in record time.
Fasina in his address where no fewer than 190 students took their matriculation oath, said the university derived no joy in making graduate students spend beyond the record time.
While addressing the newly admitted PG students after their matriculation oath-taking, the VC said, "we are not interested in delaying any student. We are not perfect but we are on the right track
I was the first to produce a PhD graduate of this institution.
" We ensure that you graduate in record time. We will track you and encourage you to complete your programme in record time.
"It is expected of you to have good attitude and display good character. Always deavour to be in touch with your supervisors.
We are bringing some professors to the SPGS to allow us have an international touch.
" Do not join the bandwagon of the majority to circulate damaging news about the University."
He was echoed by the Dean of FUOYE's Post graduate Studies, Prof. Omolehin, who said "we are adding two faculties to the post graduate programmes. One of which is the faculty of social sciences. They are just producing their first undergraduate graduating students.
"So, those programmes are now eligible to enlist into post graduate programmes.
"Through the incorporation of those programmes, we will increase our students' enrolment and not just that alone, we will also ensure that the standard of post graduate training is improved upon.
I advise them to be good researchers.
"From experience, we have found out that a lot of them are coming from a background where they have not been properly grounded based on the undergraduate programmes.
"It is one thing to write your course work and pass the exams with good grades but If you are fundamentally deficient in research capability you are going to remain there and be unable to graduate for many years.
"So, l advise the new PG matriculants to try as much as possible to aspire to be good researchers.
"When you are good researchers you will be able to move on well with your PG programmes without any delay in finishing up your thesis and dissertations. And one way of doing that is to work closely with their supervisors and also work with their colleagues who they think are a little bit better than they are.
If they are able to do that, definitely, the question of finishing late would not arise."
However, commenting on a threat recently issued by the Academic Staff Union of Universities (ASUU) for another strike to press home their demands, Fasina advised the Federal Government to have a peaceful dialogue with ASU to avert a fresh round of industrial action.
He said: "The government and ASUU will work it out and make sure we do not have the strike.
"The best thing that can happen to this country's education sector, especially tertiary institutions is for both parties to ensure that the strike is averted in the interest of the students and education as a whole."
Meanwhile, the Vice-Chancellor has charged the postgraduate students irrespective of their age to be focused with a view to making good grades in their course works.
He assured them that no lecturer or supervisor would delay their programme
"To the matriculating students, I want to encourage them to be focused, do their course work as at when due, proceed to their fieldwork in good time, aim for excellence and I am sure that they will achieve it, " he said.
A total number of 190 postgraduate students participated in the matriculation oath-taking ceremony in the Oye campus of the university.
Why Ritholtz Wealth Management Is Building A Crypto Index
Ignore News On Possible Return To PDP,"I'm At Home In APC, – Gov. Umahi


Small Charity Week relies on the enthusiasm and networks of its partners across the UK. They are essential to help bring the Week to more people and encourage their local community to get involved. You could run your own Big Advice Day, Fundraising Day, or Celebration Event – or some up with a new idea altogether. If you're a local CVS, local authority, grant-maker or other support organisation and want to be part of Small Charity Week, get in touch with lindsay@thefsi.org for more information.


text:
n. fellowship; association
n. a commercial business
n. an apparatus for receiving waves
we'll
v. we shall; we will
n. process of doing something, especially when dealing with a problem or difficulty
n. something that you do
n. the city or town that is the official seat of government in a country, state
n. the funds invested in a business by the owners
n. (plural) building in which goods are manufactured
v. settle into a position, usually on a surface or ground
v. establish or develop as a residence
n. a color whose hue resembles that of ripe lemons or sunflowers
isn't
v. is not
a. situated in the south or directed toward the south
n. a wheeled vehicle, in particular to transport goods, materials
a. in accordance with the rules or standards
n. market
n. a visible indication made on a surface
n. a printed picture produced from a photographic negative
wouldn't
v. would not
ad. further forward in space; in the line of one's forward motion
n. a time when you can do something
v. happen by accident or unexpectedly
a. existing as a result of birth
a. having a specific natural quality or ability
n. relative position in rank, class or authority
a. having a surface which is the same height above the ground all over
n. a plane figure with three straight sides and three angles
n. (plural) the smallest unit without losing its own chemical nature, consisting usually of two or more atoms
n. a country in western Europe on the Atlantic Ocean; population 64,420,100 (est. 2009); capital, Paris; official language, French
The English Channel divides England from France.
Many tourists go to France and Italy in the summer.
n. an event that repeats
n. a tall solid upright stone post
n. part of a newspaper regularly dealing with a particular subject
n. situated in the west, or directed toward or facing the west
n. a building used for public Christian worship


Ireland offers investors a stable, profitable, English-speaking base to service the European market and beyond. It has a dynamic and youthful population that is both productive and flexible. Ireland has a competitive cost environment. More than 1,200 overseas companies have made Ireland their location of choice.
Ireland has prospered by offering investors a stable, profitable, English-speaking base to serve the European market and beyond. As a result, the ratio of trade to GDP rose by more than 50 percentage points in the 1990s.
Ireland offers one of the most beneficial corporate tax environments in the world. Since 2003 Ireland's standard corporate tax rate is 12,5%, in comparative terms a very low rate.
Ireland is a trading nation, exporting 90% of GNP. A highly efficient distribution network brings most of Europe within 24-48 hours by truck. An increasing number of companies are gaining additional advantage by centralising their pan-European distribution logistics in Ireland.
Ireland has one of the youngest populations in Europe and its highly skilled workforce is tailored to meet the demands of the economy. A ready supply of highly skilled labour is one of the factors most often cited as being behind Ireland's rapid economic development.


A stylish and well proportioned one bedroom lower ground floor flat, situated within easy reach of all the amenities of Guildford town centre, and offering terrific living space and ample off-street parking. Leasehold plus share of freehold. View more.
A fantastic two bedroom ground floor maisonette enjoying a separate kitchen and spacious layout in this imposing period conversion with off-street parking and close to the town centre and station. Leasehold plus share of freehold. View more.


Actually voting for Donald Trump to be the president of the actual United States.
Growing up and becoming a Republican.
Courageously going ahead with that racist comment.
Dispelling with this fiction that Barack Obama doesn't know what he's doing.
The good, hardworking people of Dubuque, Iowa.
Trump's great! Trump's got ___. I love that.
According to Arizona's stand-your-ground law, you're allowed to shoot someone if they're ___.
Who do you want answering?


Since 1925, Le Creuset – the world's leading manufacturer of enameled cast iron cookware – has been creating lasting family memories both in France and around the globe. Le Creuset is best known for its colorfully-enameled cast-iron cookware "French ovens", also known as "casseroles" or "Dutch ovens". Stores also feature stainless cookware, bakeware, pots, pans and kitchen & bar tools.


Tasks at the Village are fun!
What was life like for Acadian families in the early 1900s?
Our school trip program introduces students of all ages to the daily life of Acadians in the early 1900s. Girls learn skills such as sewing, doing laundry, cooking, making butter and candles. The boys learn skills such as tying knots, trying their hand at woodworking, watching the construction of a wooden lobster trap, learning the proper way to stack wood and helping to plant the gardens.
The students will take part in four activities for 20 minutes each, as well as a site tour.
Activities are adaptable to all grade levels and are offered in both French and English.
Schedule: arrive at 10:00am and spend two hours and a half on our site (flexible).
Lunch time: bring your own or pre-order from our very own Café (special prices available). Picnic tables are also available on the Village site.
Fees are $3.00 per student, while teachers and/or chaperones as well as bus drivers are free. Parents attending that are not chaperones pay regular admission fees.
One chaperone for each group of ten; fifteen students require two chaperones (determined according to the number of girls and boys).


In one of the larger penalties against a toymaker, federal safety authorities fined a unit of Mega Brands Inc. $1.1 million on Tuesday for failing to report that its Magnetix construction toys were breaking in ways that could kill a child.
The government's and the company's sluggish response to the dangers of Magnetix and the botched recalls that followed were the subject of a Pulitzer Prize-winning Chicago Tribune investigation in 2007. Kenny Sweet, a suburban Seattle toddler, died in November 2005 after swallowing baby-aspirin-size magnets that fell out of his older brother's Magnetix toys.
The magnets were so powerful that they connected in his intestines, strangling his bowels. In all, more than 25 other children underwent life-saving surgery to remove Magnetix magnets from their intestines.
The stories sparked congressional hearings and led to the biggest changes in consumer-product safety laws in a generation.
The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission on Tuesday said that when Rose Art first reported Kenny's death in December 2005, the company blamed Kenny's siblings for playing with the toys too aggressively. But at the time, many consumers had complained to the company that magnets came loose from 67 different models of Magnetix, and the company knew of at least one injury, according to the CPSC's settlement agreement with Mega Brands, which had purchased Rose Art in June 2005.
Federal regulators repeatedly sought detailed information on complaints from customers, but Rose Art said it didn't keep these records and instead sent regulators information that was "effectively useless," according to the settlement. Faced with a federal subpoena, Mega Brands in December 2006 disclosed 1,100 consumer complaints, according to the agreement.
In agreeing to pay the penalty, Mega Brands said it did not know about the problems with Magnetix when it bought Rose Art. Mega Brands blamed the prior owners for not disclosing these flaws and is embroiled in litigation with them in New York federal court.
CPSC warned consumers that millions of the potentially deadly toys are likely still in consumers' homes. To determine if your toys were included in the Magnetix recalls, go to www.cpsc.gov/cpscpub/prerel/prhtml07/07256.pdf.


Answer: Printing Close Cash Out Reports from Solid Business Central, in addition to those that route sales people produce on the handheld computers, are a great way to verify their numbers, and also allows this report to be printed for any workstation or fixed cost center within the system as well. With Close Cash Out Reports printed from Solid Business Central, there's also an added benefit of being able to reprint these cash outs at a later time, if needed. For further information regarding how to print a Close Cash Out Report from within Solid Business Central, please view the Video Tutorial for Sales Cash Out.
Select the [Sales] option, and choose [Sales] once again if a second menu level shows, to be taken to the 'Sales' screen, where the 'Customer Transaction Menu' will show in a grey box along the bottom.
Use the [Escape] key and answer 'Yes' to the questions 'Cancel this Invoice' and 'Cancel Billing'. This will then change the menu along the bottom to be the 'Sales Services Menu', from which [F4 – Cash Out] can be selected.
From the 'Cash Out Options' select [F4 – Cash Out] once again to begin the report.
Select which workstation and cost center number to report on. Once set, use [CTRL+END] to continue.
The 'First Number' for 'Bill #' and 'Order #' will automatically be set to the oldest transaction for the selected workstation and cost center that have not yet been included on a Close Cash Out Report. In the 'Last Number' fields, set up to which transaction numbers this report should include up to.
Setting 'Print Cash Out Detail' to Y will print this cash out in a format similar to that which the route sales people print it from Solid Sales Pro. By setting the 'Print Customer Information' setting to Y as well, it will also print which customer each of these transactions belong to. Use [CTRL+END] to continue and print the transaction list.
The 'Cash Out' screen will display next, where an opening balance for this cost center can be entered for calculations to be run against. By using [CTRL+END] to continue once again, a summary of the cash out will then display, and the option will be given to 'Finalize or Cancel this Cash Out'. Using 'F' to finalize it will mark all the transactions included on this cash out, and they'll never again be included on any future cash out. Select Y to 'Complete and Finalize this Cash Out' and the summary report will now print.
From the 'Cash Out Options' select [F2 – Reprint] to bring up a window that can be used to browse the contents of the server PC, which by default opens to the 'Si' folder that the Solid Route Accounting – Enterprise Edition business system is installed into.
The Close Cash Out Reports are listed in this folder as files such as 'GM999001.CSG', where '999' is the cost center number and '001' is the most recent cash out for this cost center in the system (the older the cash out, the higher the number). Once highlighted, use [Select] to choose that report, and then be presented with the needed print options to either view this report on screen, or send it to a printer.


Only a Germerican kid can get his spelling test both right and wrong in the same answer!
Him: Daddy, I can't open the door. Me: Why not? Him: Because I gelocked it!
So, we're driving down the road and my 4-year-old says to me: "Look Daddy, a BMW drive by!" Get it? As in drive-by-shooting! Hilarious!
My 4-year-old was sitting on my lap today. When he got down he said "Uh oh Daddy, I tooted on your pants!". Thanks for the info, buddy.


text:
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Council Launches Near Eastern Humanities Sequence
For the first time this fall, the Humanities Council's Program in Humanistic Studies will be offering students a Near Eastern Humanities Sequence alongside the East Asian Humanities Sequence and the Interdisciplinary Approaches to Western Culture, traditionally referred to as the 'HUM Sequence' or 'Western Sequence.'
HUM 247/NES 247 Near Eastern Humanities I: From Antiquity to Islam, introduces some of the most important works of literature, philosophy, history, religion, and science which emerged from this pivotal period in history. Alongside the readings, there will be a study of visual art and material culture, looking at Pharaonic sculpture, Mesopotamian and Jewish artifacts, Arabic rock inscriptions, and the Umayyad palace at Qusayr `Amra. The course will draw faculty from diverse departments from across campus whose research and teaching will inform this interdisciplinary approach to an underrepresented area of humanistic traditions.
Fresco of Walid from Qusayr 'Amra, Jordan
Johannes Haubold (Classics) and Dan Sheffield (Near Eastern Studies) will team-teach this fall, sharing their combined understanding of the period from Pharaonic Egypt to Islamic Iran with their students. In the spring, students will survey Near Eastern art, law, and thought from the year 1000 to the 20th Century.
Often, the cultural contributions of the Near East are viewed through a western lens in terms of the 'contribution' made by Near Eastern cultures to those that flourished in other parts of the world, particularly Europe. Those contributions were, indeed, immense and long lasting; this course focuses on the original context from which they emanated.
The Sequence was created by Eve Krakowski (Near Eastern Studies) and Moulie Vidas (Religion), who wanted to see the story of the Near East told in its own terms and in its own setting, while recognizing the intersections across literatures, thought, and geographical boundaries. Wanting to preserve the model of team-teaching which is at the core of the Interdisciplinary Approaches to Western Culture, and to collaborate with faculty from across campus, the Humanities Council was the natural home for this new sequence.
"One of our determinations in designing the course was to emphasize intersections – not just among near eastern traditions, but also between these traditions and those that one usually associates with Europe. After all, places like Egypt and what is now Turkey played a fundamental role in the transmission and shaping of the classical "western canon," said Vidas.
Bust of Queen Nefertiti, 14th century BCE, Neues Museum, Berlin
"I think that the intellectual traditions of Europe and the Middle East are much more intertwined than the tradition as widely understood might suggest." Said Yousef Elzalabany '20 who will be one of the first students to take this course. "Ever since taking the "HUM Sequence" as a first-year, I've thought a lot about what texts get included in the canon what gets left out. In particular, it was striking to me that there were no texts from the Islamic intellectual tradition, which comes from the same Middle Eastern region as the Hebrew Bible and New Testament," he added.
The addition of the year-long survey of Near Eastern literature, thought, and culture to the existing Western and East Asian perspectives, is a major step towards the Program in Humanistic Studies' goal to offer a global array of interdisciplinary sequences and a truly rich foundation in the humanities.
Read more about the Humanities Sequences
By Min Pullan
Humanistic Studies
10 Joseph Henry House
humstudies@princeton.edu
© 2022 The Trustees of


text:
BOUNDLESSINFORMANT only shows metadata
(Updated: January 23, 2017)
The day before yesterday, the French paper Le Monde broke with a story saying that NSA is intercepting French telephone communications on a massive scale. This is mainly based upon a graph from the BOUNDLESSINFORMANT program, which shows that during one month, 70,3 million telephone data of French citizens were recorded by the NSA.
Here, it will be clarified that the BOUNDLESSINFORMANT tool only shows numbers of metadata. Also some screenshots will be analysed, showing information about collection related to:
- France - The Netherlands - Germany - Spain -
- Norway - Afghanistan - Italy - WINDSTOP -
As the Le Monde article, written by Jacques Follorou and Glenn Greenwald, failed to clarify the exact nature of the 70,3 million, it was unclear whether this number was about metadata or also about the content of phone calls. Combined with some sensationalism, this led to headlines like U.S. intercepts French phone calls on a 'massive scale'.
But this is incorrect. According to a presentation and a FAQ document, the BOUNDLESSINFORMANT tool is for showing the collection capabilities of NSA's Global Access Operations (GAO) division, which is responsible for intercepts from satellites and other international SIGINT platforms.
The program presents this information through counting and analysing all DNI (internet) and DNR (telephony) metadata records passing through the NSA SIGINT systems.
This means, all figures shown in the BOUNDLESSINFORMANT screenshots are about metadata and not about content. It is unclear how many phone calls are represented by the numbers of metadata records, but it's likely much less.
So for France, we only know for sure that NSA collected 70,3 million metadata records and not how many phone calls were actually intercepted in the sense of recording the call contents.
It should also be noted that BOUNDLESSINFORMANT is apparently only showing metadata collected by the GAO division. Therefore, data gathered by NSA's other main Signals Intelligence divisions, SSO (for collection from commercial companies) and TAO (for collection by hacking networks and computers), may not be included in the charts and the heat maps.
On October 29, 2013, the Wall Street Journal reported that according to US officials, the metadata records for France and Spain were not collected by the NSA, but by French and Spanish intelligence services. The metadata were gathered outside their borders, like in war zones, and then shared with NSA. This confirms the explanation of the numbers of German metadata, given by Der Spiegel on August 5.
On October 30, 2013, Glenn Greenwald published a statement claiming that his original reports, saying that NSA massively collected data in foreign countries, are still correct.
On February 5, 2014, the Dutch interior minister revised his earlier statement from October by declaring that the 1.8 million "Dutch" metadata are actually collected from foreign sources by the Dutch military intelligence service MIVD in order to support military operations abroad.
This means that the initial interpretation of the BOUNDLESSINFORMANT charts showing that NSA intercepted phone calls of European citizens is not correct. Instead they show metadata which were collected by European intelligence agencies for military purposes and subsequently shared with partner agencies like NSA.
Below is a screenshot from BOUNDLESSINFORMANT that shows information about collection from France between December 10, 2012 and January 8, 2013. In total, almost 70,3 million metadata records were collected:
The bar chart in the top part shows the numbers by date, with DNR (telephony) in green and DNI (internet) in blue. In this case only telephony metadata were collected, so we only see green bars.
In the lower part of the screenshot we see three sections with break-ups for "Signal Profile", "Most Volume" and "Top 5 Techs".
Signal Profile
The Signal Profile section shows a pie chart which can show the following types of communication:
- PCS: Personal Communications Service (mobile phone networks)
- INMAR: INMARSAT (satellite communications network)
- MOIP: Mobile communications over IP
- VSAT: Very Small Aperture Terminal
- HPCP: High Power Cordless Phone
- PSTN: Public Switched Telephone Network
- DNI: Digital Network Intelligence (internet data)
In this case, the majority of the signals are from PCS or mobile phone networks (dark blue) and a minor fraction from the Public Switched Telephone Network (dark yellow).
Most Volume
This section shows that all French metadata during the one month period were collected by a facility designated US-985D. This SIGAD is seen here for the first time and also Le Monde has no further information, except for the suggestion that it's from a range of numbers corresponding to the NSA's third party partners.
As the French metadata are all collected from mobile and traditional telephone networks, they may have been intercepted with the help of a (foreign or even French) telecommunications provider. In that case, it's possible that the metadata are from French phone numbers which are used by foreign targets (see Germany below).
Top 5 Techs
The techniques used for these interceptions appear under the codenames DRTBOX and WHITEBOX, which are disclosed here for the first time. Le Monde wasn't able to provide any more details about these programs or systems, but if we compare the numbers collected by these programs with the pie chart under Signal Profile, it seems likely that DRTBOX (which collected 89% of the data) accounts for the big PCS part of the pie chart, and WHITEBOX (11%) for the small PSTN part.
Almost immediatly after Le Monde came with their story on October 20, 2013, the Dutch IT website Tweakers.net noticed that the German magazine Der Spiegel had published a similar screenshot about collection from the Netherlands early August:
In this case we only have the top part, with a bar chart showing that during a one month period, about 1,8 million telephony metadata records were collected from the Netherlands.
Again, this number is only about metadata, and therefore it doesn't tell us how many phone calls, let alone how many phone numbers were possibly involved.
The report by Tweakers.net was correct in explaining that the chart only shows metadata, but unfortunately, the headline initially said "NSA intercepted 1.8 million phonecalls in the Netherlands". This gave many people, including politicians, the idea that NSA was actually eavesdropping on a vast number of Dutch phone calls, which is not what the chart says, and which is also probably not what NSA is doing.
On February 5, 2014, the Dutch interior minister and the defense minister came out with an official statement saying that the 1.8 million metadata, as shown in the aforementioned screenshot, are actually collected from foreign sources by the Dutch military intelligence service MIVD in order to support military operations abroad. A few days later, NRC Handelsblad also published the complete BOUNDLESSINFORMANT chart, including the lower sections.
> Latest details about the chart: BOUNDLESSINFORMANT: metadata collection by Dutch MIVD instead of NSA
> The whole story: Dutch government tried to hide the truth about metadata collection
On July 29, the German magazine Der Spiegel published a screenshot from BOUNDLESSINFORMANT which shows information about collection from Germany between December 10, 2012 and January 8, 2013. In total, more than 552 million metadata records were collected:
The bar chart in the top part shows the numbers by date, with DNR (telephony) in green and DNI (internet) in blue.
In case of Germany, the pie chart shows that the communication systems are roughly divided into:
- 40% PCS (mobile communications)
- 25% PSTN (traditional telephony)
- 35% DNI (internet traffic)
This section shows that all German metadata were collected by two facilities, designated by the following SIGADs:
- US-987LA (471 million records)
- US-987LB (81 million records)
In a follow-up article by Der Spiegel from August 5, the German foreign intelligence agency BND said that it collected the 552 million metadata and believed "that the SIGADs US-987LA and US-987LB are associated with Bad Aibling and telecommunications surveillance in Afghanistan".* Bad Aibling is a small town in Southern Germany which had a huge listening post during the Cold War, which was also part of the ECHELON system. In 2004, the listening post was moved to a smaller facility nearby.
According to Der Spiegel, the BND collects metadata from communications which it had placed under surveillance and passes them, in massive amounts, on to the NSA. BND says that it's operating within German law and doesn't spy on German citizens. Therefore, Der Spiegel suggests that the data are only technically acquired in Germany, but are actually about foreign targets.
However, this explanation would only make sense if those foreigners were contacting (or using) German phone numbers and e-mail addresses, because otherwise there would be no reason for NSA to count their metadata as being German.
The techniques used for these interceptions appear under the following codenames:
- XKEYSCORE (182 million records or 33% of the total of 552 million)
- LOPERS (131 million records or 24%)
- JUGGERNAUT (93 million records or 17%)
- CERF CALL MOSES1 (39 million records or 7%)
- MATRIX (8 million records or 1,4%)
(the record numbers don't add up to the total of 552 million, apparently there are more, smaller systems involved than the 5 shown here)
If we compare these percentages with the pie chart showing the signal profiles, we see that XKEYSCORE corresponds to the DNI or internet metadata. XKEYSCORE is a tool used for indexing and analysing internet data and therefore it's possible that also the other programs mentioned in the Top 5 Tech section are not for collecting data, but for processing and analysing them.
According to Der Spiegel, LOPERS is a system to intercept the public switched telephone network. Indeed, the approximately 24% of the data collected by LOPERS fits the PSTN part of the pie chart.
This leaves the other three programs, and also those not mentioned in this Top 5, being used for data from mobile communication networks. Der Spiegel confirms this for JUGGERNAUT, but we can assume this for CERF CALL MOSES1 and MATRIX too.
In the print edition of the Spanish paper El Mundo from October 28, 2013, there was the following screenshot from BOUNDLESSINFORMANT showing information about collection from Spain between December 10, 2012 and January 8, 2013. In total, 60 million metadata records were collected:
(screenshot via koenrh)
The various parts of this figure are the same as described above, so here we only look at the specifics for Spain.
Signal Profile / Most Volume
All records were collected from mobile communications networks (PCS) and this was done through an unknown facility designated by the following SIGAD:
- US-987S (60 million records)
This SIGAD is very similar to the ones used for collecting the German data (US-987LA and US-987LB) and it's assumed they stand for 3rd party facilities, that is, collection sites run by 3rd party partner agencies of NSA. It is also rather similar to US-985D, which collected the French metadata.
All records were processed or analysed by only one system or program:
- DRTBOX (60 million records)
In the screenshot about France, we saw DRTBOX also being used for handling (meta)data derived from mobile communication networks, so we can assume this system is not specifically used for French communications, but for traffic from mobile communication systems in general.
DRTBOX
As almost all NSA codenames are (composed of) real words, it looks like DRTBOX is a spelling error, but a reader of this weblog pointed to another, very interesting option: DRT is also the abbreviation of Digital Receiver Technology, Inc. of Germantown, Maryland, which was taken over by US military contractor Boeing in 2009.
This makes it quite likely that the intercept devices of DRT are also used by NSA for collecting data from mobile communication networks. This equipment might then be installed at facilities with designators like US-987S and others. DRTBOX (or DRT Box) itself seems to be a system for processing or an interface for analysing the collected data, just like XKEYSCORE does for collected internet data.
> See for more about DRT: DRTBOX and the DRT surveillance systems
On November 19, the website of the Norwegian tabloid Dagbladet published the following screenshot from BOUNDLESSINFORMANT which shows information about collection from Norway between December 10, 2012 and January 8, 2013. In total, over 33 million metadata records were collected:
Once again, only telephony metadata were gathered, so we see only green bars in the bar chart.
All records were collected from mobile communications networks (PCS), which was done through an unknown facility designated by the following SIGAD:
- US-987F (33 million records)
After US-987L for Germany and US-987S for Spain, US-987F is now the third known SIGAD starting with US-987, which indicates that this is an umbrella-designator for collection facilities in or targeted at different countries, each designated by a different letter.
Following the interpretation of former Guardian journalist Glenn Greenwald, the Norwegian paper Dagbladet wrote that NSA monitored 33 million Norwegian phone calls. This was almost immediatly corrected by the Norwegian military intelligence agency Etteretningstjenesten (or E-tjenesten), which said that they collected the data "to support Norwegian military operations in conflict areas abroad, or connected to the fight against terrorism, also abroad" and that "this was not data collection from Norway against Norway, but Norwegian data collection that is shared with the Americans".
This explanation is very similar to the one given by the German foreign intelligence agency about the metadata which appeared as being 'German' (see above), but also here it's the question on what grounds these data are counted as being Norwegian. If we follow the BOUNDLESSINFORMANT FAQ document, at least one end of the communication should be a Norwegian phone number.
Also in this case, the DRTBOX system is used for the communications collected from mobile networks, just like we saw in the BOUNDLESSINFORMANT screenshots about France and Spain.
On November 22, the Norwegian tabloid Dagbladet published a screenshot from BOUNDLESSINFORMANT about Afghanistan:
This screenshot about Afghanistan published by Glenn Greenwald only shows information about some 35 million telephony (DNR) records, collected by a facility only known by its SIGAD US-962A5 and processed or analysed by DRTBox. But this number is just a tiny fraction of the billions of data from both internet and telephone communications from Afghanistan as listed in the global overview map of BOUNDLESSINFORMANT.
Afghanistan is undoubtedly being monitored by numerous SIGINT collection stations and facilities (like US-3217, codenamed SHIFTINGSHADOW which targets the MTN Afghanistan and Roshan GSM telecommunication companies), so seeing only one SIGAD in this screenshot proves that it can never show the whole collection from that country.
> See for more: Screenshots from BOUNDLESSINFORMANT can be misleading
On December 6, the website of the Italian newspaper L'Espresso published the following screenshot from BOUNDLESSINFORMANT which shows information about collection from Italy between December 10, 2012 and January 8, 2013. In total, almost 46 million metadata records were collected:
- US-987A3005 (45,9 million records)
Top 5 Tech
This SIGAD is once agian from the US-987-series, and comparing this one with others could show that the suffix A stands for Italy. After the A follows an unusual long number (3005). So far, only SIGADs with two additional characters were known.
- DRTBOX (45,9 million records)
After the screenshots related to France, Spain, Norway and Afghanistan, this one about Italy is the fifth in which the technique used to process and analyse the collected (meta)data is DRTBOX, which is a system to intercept wireless communication signals made by DRT Inc.
WINDSTOP
On November 4, the Washington Post published a screenshot from BOUNDLESSINFORMANT which shows information about collection under the WINDSTOP program. Between December 10, 2012 and January 8, 2013, more than 14 billion metadata records were collected:
According to the Washington Post, WINDSTOP is an umbrella program for at least four collection systems which are jointly operated by NSA and one or more signals intelligence agencies of the 2nd Party countries Britain, Canada, Australia and New Zealand.
The pie chart shows that more than 95% of the metadata are collected from internet traffic (DNI), less than 5% is from mobile networks (PCS).
This section shows that under WINDSTOP, the metadata were collected by at least the following two facilities, designated by their SIGADs:
- DS-300 (14100 million records)
- DS-200B (181 million records)
In a sidenote, the Washington Post says that DS-300 is the SIGAD for an interception facility which is also known under the codename INCENSER. With 14 billion internet metadata records in one month, INCENSER seems to be one of NSA's major internet collection programs, as for March 2013, the total of internet metadata collected worldwide was 97 billion records. For now, it's unclear where this enormous amount of data comes from.
DS-200B is a facility codenamed MUSCULAR, which is used for tapping the cables linking the big data centers of Google and Yahoo outside the US. This intercept facility is located somewhere in the United Kingdom and operated by GCHQ and NSA jointly. MUSCULAR collected some 181 million records, a small number compared to the 14 billion of INCENSER, but still way too much given its low intelligence value - according to NSA's Analysis and Production division.
It's interesting to see data from MUSCULAR mentioned in this screenshot, because a FAQ document about BOUNDLESSINFORMANT from 2010 said that no metadata from MUSCULAR were counted by this tool. But as this chart shows records from December 2012 and January 2013, it seems that meanwhile also metadata from MUSCULAR were added.
The programs used for processing and analysing these interceptions are:
- XKEYSCORE (14100 million records)
- TURMOIL (141 million records)
- WEALTHYCLUSTER (1 million records)
Just like we saw in the chart about the German metadata, the internet (DNI) data are processed by the XKEYSCORE tool. Almost all these internet data are collected by the facility designated DS-300 and codenamed INCENSER.
TURMOIL is a database or a system which is part of the TURBULENCE program, and seems to be used for selecting and storing common internet encryption technologies, so they can be exploited by NSA. If we compare the numbers, we see that TURMOIL is used for processing most of the data collected by DS-200B or MUSCULAR. An NSA presentation confirms that data collected by MUSCULAR are ingested and processed by TURMOIL.
WEALTHYCLUSTER is also related to the TURBULENCE program and is described as "a smaller-scale effort to hunt down tips on terrorists and others in cyberspace" and is said to have helped finding members of al-Qaida.
(Updated with the information about the German metadata, the new explanation by the Wall Street Journal, the WINDSTOP metadata, the data from Spain and Norway, and the revised interpretation of the Dutch chart)
During a hearing of the German parliamentary investigation commission on January 19, 2017, former BND president Schindler said that the BOUNDLESSINFORMANT charts that Snowden took, were from training course material. This was said here for the first time and given the problems these charts caused for BND, it's possible that they asked NSA for more details after which this explanation came up. However, this still doesn't explains why the charts were interpreted incorrectly.
Links and Sources
- HuffingtonPost.com: NSA: Europeans Did Spying, Handed Data To Americans
- Dagbladet.no: NSA-files repeatedly show collection of data «against countries» - not «from»
- VoiceOfRussia.com: Denmark admits to tapping phones in conflict zones abroad
- Wall Street Journal: U.S. Says France, Spain Aided NSA Spying
- Cryptome.org: Translating Telephone metadata records to phone calls
- The Week: Why the NSA spies on France and Germany
- Le Monde: France in the NSA's crosshair : phone networks under surveillance
- Tweakers.net: NSA onderschepte in maand metadata 1,8 miljoen telefoontjes in Nederland
- De Correspondent: Wat doet de NSA precies met het Nederlandse telefoonverkeer?
- Der Spiegel: Daten aus Deutschland
Geplaatst door P/K op 17:03
Labels: BoundlessInformant, NSA
Rob1 said...
Thanks for the analysis. That's seriously lacking in the newspapers.
Regarding the SIGAD, US-985D is also close to US-983, US-984 and US-990, all corporate partners.
Given that the only kind of data provided by US-985D is mobile phone and public switched phone metadata, maybe it is a telephony corporation ?
I have a hard time figuring out how it could be a third party -- or more honestly, I'm scared by what it could mean.
Boundless reports Metadata , but since these are not US citizens , there's no content restrictions .
they collect and analyze metadata because it 'cheap' and it reveals networks . they only bother with content for terrorists , criminals , and financial and social movers for purposes of intelligence , interdiction , and entrapment .
the game doesn't change , only the means
Bauke Jan Douma said...
You're rather apologetic of the NSA.
Metadata IS data.
P/K said...
Of course, metadata are data, but metadata are not the same as the content of phone calls. The latter is what people think of if you use words like 'intercepting'.
Regarding the German metadata, you write: "According to Der Spiegel, the BND collects metadata from communications which it had placed under surveillance and passes them, in massive amounts, on to the NSA. (..) Therefore, Der Spiegel suggests that the data are only technically acquired in Germany, but are actually about foreign targets. (...) However, this explanation would only make sense if those foreigners were contacting (or using) German phone numbers and e-mail addresses, because otherwise there would be no reason for NSA to count their metadata as being German."
Could the explanation just be that Boundless Informant just shows all information that is collected from German sigads? All this data is counted as 'German' metadata. This includes for instance sigad 1: info that a German intel agency collected from German soil, sigad 2: metadata the NSA collected on German soil?
That's an interesting theory, and I think we shouldn't rule out that option.
My remark was based upon the BOUNDLESSINFORMANT FAQ document, which says on page 2: "In order to bin the records into a country, a normalized phone number (DNR) or an administrative region atom (DNI) must be populated within the record". That seems to indicatie that it's a phone number which is used to pin a record to a country, either the number of the caller or the number of the reveiver.
Some older articles on this weblog that are of current interest:
- Leaked documents that were not attributed to Snowden
- Dutch report provides metadata numbers to compare with Snowden documents
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Home » Lifestyle » Berejiklian backing ignites federal campaign fight on corruption
Prime Minister Scott Morrison has sparked an election fight on political corruption by backing former NSW premier Gladys Berejiklian for a key federal seat despite claims he is undermining a state investigation into her conduct.
Liberals are split on the plan to vault Ms Berejiklian into the seat of Warringah in the hope of toppling independent Zali Steggall, with some thinking it will widen the election row over a stalled proposal to create a national integrity commission.
NSW Premier Gladys Berejiklian and Prime Minister Scott Morrison. Credit:Peter Rae, Supplied
"He's dug a hole for himself and now he's digging even further," said one Liberal of the Prime Minister's decision to back the former premier when she was being investigated by the NSW Independent Commission Against Corruption.
Several federal Liberals supported the decision, however, on the grounds that Ms Berejiklian remains relatively popular with voters and the party is struggling to find a strong candidate to achieve the 7.2 per cent swing it needs to regain the seat on Sydney's northern beaches.
Mr Morrison strongly endorsed the former premier on Monday by blasting the "shameful" treatment she received from NSW ICAC, which could still be investigating her conduct with former state colleague Daryl Maguire when the election campaign begins.
"There's no suggestion of criminal conduct by Gladys Berejiklian," Mr Morrison said while campaigning in the eastern Sydney electorate of Wentworth, where Liberal MP Dave Sharma is being challenged by independent candidates.
"We've seen, you know, recordings of private conversations, detailed, intimate things that were paraded around in the media. What was that about? Was that about shaming Gladys Berejiklian? I thought that was awful.
"What I found is that Gladys was put in a position of actually having to stand down and there was no findings of anything. Now, I don't call that justice.
"She's a person I've always found to be of great integrity, and if she wants to have a crack at Warringah for the Liberal Party, I suspect the people in Warringah would welcome that. I'll let the people decide."
The ICAC said on October 1 it was investigating whether Ms Berejiklian engaged in conduct that involved a conflict between her public duties and private interests because of her personal relationship with Mr Maguire, which she kept secret from colleagues and staff while making financial decisions about grants that could help him.
Former NSW premier Mike Baird told the ICAC on October 19 he was "incredulous" when he learned of the five-year relationship and believed it should have been disclosed.
An exclusive survey published in The Sydney Morning Herald and The Age last month showed many of the state's voters continued to have some sympathy for Ms Berejiklian, with 54 per cent saying they "still like and respect" the former premier. The results were based on 515 respondents in the Resolve Political Monitor.
Labor leader Anthony Albanese avoided a direct comment on Ms Berejiklian but Labor climate spokesman Chris Bowen said the Prime Minister's criticism of the ICAC inquiry was "disgusting" because it undermined the institution.
"If you are corrupt, you betrayed the Australian people and betray your party – you deserve to be dealt with and jailed if appropriate," Mr Bowen said. "We welcome ICAC looking at people in the Labor Party. We don't criticise the ICAC for doing so, we defend their work and protect them.
"It is absolutely outrageous that the Prime Minister of the day has undermined the ICAC and not just undermined their work on Gladys Berejiklian but undermined every single inquiry and investigation and finding that the ICAC has brought down."
Ms Steggall said Mr Morrison's remarks were "quite extraordinary" because he inferred the investigation was insubstantial when it was about integrity and trust in government.
"I think it's quite telling that senior people in the Liberal Party are saying that this doesn't matter, that the seriousness of ICAC is simply irrelevant to them," she said.
"And it says how much they are out of touch with public expectations around integrity and trust when people want politics to be cleaned up."
The NSW division of the Liberal Party has called for nominations for Warringah to be received by January 14. While the ICAC inquiry will continue past that date, submissions from counsel assisting are due by December 20 and could signal the issues for Ms Berejiklian.
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text:
Les orchestes (Orchestes) sont un genre d'insectes de l'ordre des coléoptères (famille des Curculionidae).

Certaines espèces qualifiées d'orchestes appartiennent en fait au genre voisin  (autrefois confondu avec Orchestes).

Homonymie
Orchestes (Tschudi, 1838) est aussi un synonyme désuet de Philautus, un genre d'amphibiens de la famille des Rhacophoridae.

Liste d'espèces
Selon  :

Selon  :

Selon  :

Noms vernaculaires
Parmi les espèces qualifiées d'orchestes, les plus courantes sont :
 l'orcheste du bouleau () ;
 l'orcheste du hêtre (Orchestes fagi) ;
 l'orcheste du pommier (Rhynchaenus pallicornis) ;
 l'orcheste du saule (Rhynchaenus rufipes).

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Voir aussi

Liens externes

Genre de Coléoptères (nom scientifique)
Curculionidae
Synonyme de genre d'anoures (nom scientifique)
Rhacophorinae