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The Only Medicine For People Is People
A mural at Tigard Transit Center in downtown Tigard.
By Constantino Khalaf
June 24, 2020 2:32 p.m.
The Southwest Corridor Equitable Development Strategy's new Equity Coalition Manager, Nuhamin Eiden's experience as a Black woman and immigrant in the United States lends her a unique perspective on coalition building and the need for systemic change.
Nuhamin Eiden's grandmother always told her, "the only medicine for people is people, and the only medicine for ailment is food." What she meant was that as long as you have people — that is to say, community — and healthy nourishment for your body, you have the foundations for a happy life.
Photo courtesy of Nuhamin Eiden.
When people (or systems developed by people) get in the way of others thriving, the "medicine" you need is more people — other people — who in solidarity with the oppressed can become their fellow agents of change, creating more just systems.
Nuhamin took her grandmother's words to heart as a young girl, and carried them with her when she migrated from Ethiopia to the United States at 16. She has spent her adult life putting that wisdom to practice as an advocate and community organizer. Most recently, she joined the staff of Unite Oregon as the equity coalition manager for the Southwest Corridor Equitable Development Strategy.
The Southwest Corridor Equitable Development Strategy (SWEDS) resulted from an effort by Metro to prevent the negative impacts that improved access to transit can have on a community. While it is true that new infrastructure is in many ways a boon to a neighborhood, history has proven that it also brings unintended consequences: higher rents and housing costs which lead to the displacement of long-established communities. The result is often that the people who benefit from the new infrastructure are not the people it meant to serve.
SWEDS was born as an effort to prevent this from happening in Southwest Portland, Tigard and Tualatin as plans to expand the light rail got underway.
Young Nuhamin was skeptical when her parents announced that the family would settle in the U.S. "As a teenager I read a lot about other countries," she says, "and I told them — I don't think they're very nice to people who look like us there." So even as a teenager, she approached America with eyes wide open and her experience as both a Black woman and an immigrant has given her a unique perspective on life in this country. She went to high school in the Washington, D.C. area, where she met people belonging to various cultural groups, including other immigrants from across the world. The friendships she formed there reaffirmed her desire to work with diverse communities.
Nuhamin and her family moved to Oregon after she finished high school. She enrolled at Portland State University, where she studied history and cultural anthropology. Her studies led her to do research on the relationship between African Americans and African immigrants in Portland. What she found confirmed what she knew from lived experience, which is that immigrants — African and otherwise — are often prejudiced against Black people in America. "People say things like 'oh, but you're an immigrant, you're not like them,'" she explains. And that, she recognized, affords her a certain level privilege.
Nuhamin Eiden in her grandmother's arms. Photo courtesy of Nuhamin Eiden.
These experiences launched Nuhamin into a career devoted to dismantling the systems that create social inequality and economic injustice. Prior to joining the SWEDS initiative at Unite Oregon she worked at Home Forward, which is the state's largest affordable housing provider, as well as at the Immigrant and Refugee Community Organization (IRCO), the International Language Bank, and Portland Community Reinvestment Initiatives Inc.
Nuhamin's goal in her new position is to bring into leadership the marginalized communities that have historically been denied a seat at the table. "It is they who should be leading," she says, "and they should be the ones to say what is missing for their communities." And although friction is inevitable when people from different backgrounds come together, she is confident that even the most diverse groups can form a united front against systemic injustice. She learned what is needed for that work by listening to her grandmother's wisdom. You need people to become medicine for people — you need community to be a salve for wounds that have long been heaped with salt.
"I want us to start with healing," she says. "I want us to start by speaking with one another about what it means to create an equitable community that advocates for one another and that works for one another."


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Saint-Lô (, ; ) is a commune in northwest France, the capital of the Manche department in the region of Normandy.

Although it is the second largest city of Manche after Cherbourg, it remains the prefecture of the department. It is also chef-lieu of an arrondissement and two cantons (Saint-Lô-1 and Saint-Lô-2). The placename derives from that of a local saint, Laud of Coutances.

The commune has 18,931 inhabitants who are called Saint-Lois(es). The names of Laudois(es), Laudien(ne)s or Laudinien(ne)s are also cited. A martyr city of World War II, Saint-Lô was decorated with the Legion of Honour in 1948 and was given the nickname "Capital of the Ruins", a phrase popularised by Samuel Beckett.

Geography

Location

Saint-Lô is in the centre of Manche, in the middle of the Saint-Lois bocage,  west of Caen,  south of Cherbourg and  north of Rennes.

The city was born under the name of Briovera on a rocky outcrop of schist belonging to the Armorican Massif, in the Cotentin Peninsula, between the confluences of the Vire – which dominates the city centre – with the Dollée and Torteron, two rivers channelled in their urban sections. This historic heart of the city became L'Enclos, a site well suited to passive defence.

The east of the territory is the former commune of Sainte-Croix-de-Saint-Lô, south of Saint-Thomas-de-Saint-Lô, absorbed in 1964.

Climate

Saint-Lô has a mild oceanic climate characterised by mild winters and temperate summers. It has an average annual rainfall of  per year. Rainfall is quite frequent throughout the year but most abundant in autumn and winter, in connection with the disturbances coming from the Atlantic Ocean. Rarely intense, they often fall in the form of drizzle. The average temperature is . In winter, the average temperature ranges between . There are between 30 and 40 days of frost per year. In summer, the average temperature lies around .

Transport
Saint-Lô is located in the centre of the department of Manche and is therefore a node of communication between Nord-Cotentin and southern Manche.

Road

Saint-Lô lies halfway along the Coutances–Bayeux axis (). A bypass road was commissioned in the 1980s to allow the decongestion of the city from the south. To open up the port of Cherbourg, the region and the department decided the construction of a dual carriageway, . It is a part of the European route E03 and enables direct connection to Rennes and Europe from the south, through the interchange at Guilberville. The southern section now connects Saint-Lô directly to the A84 autoroute, allowing motorway access to Caen and Rennes. The commissioning of the northern section, which is currently under construction, will meanwhile allow access to Cherbourg and England via the Route nationale 13. The construction of the dual carriageway allowed the extension of the small South ring road heading west and its mutation into genuine urban bypass. It has also enabled the creation and expansion of new business zones which contribute strongly to the current growth of the agglomeration.

Rail

The Gare de Saint-Lô is served by TER trains on the . It is in the majority of services for travellers in the direction of Caen via Lison or in the direction of Coutances. A few trains, two daily return trips, serve as far as Rennes via Avranches.

Following the electrification of the section of railway between Lison and Saint-Lô during 2006, the SNCF and local communities experienced a direct Intercités service (without change of train) to the Gare Saint-Lazare in Paris for two years, between December 2008 and December 2010. This service was not sustained due to a lack a sufficient number of passengers. There is also the disused former industrial line to Condé-sur-Vire. The section between Gourfaleur and Condé-sur-Vire, adjacent to the towpath along the Vire, is used by the Vélorail [rail cycle] of the Vire valley since 2007.

Urban transport network
Urban transportation is provided by the Transports Urbains Saint-Lô Agglomération: TUSA (formerly Transport Urbains Saint-Lô Agneaux), was created in 1980. In 2010, the network consisted of four lines (Odyssée, Azur, Horizon and Alizé) with 15 buses and one Ocitolà transport on demand minibus. However, since 3 January 2011, it is composed of three lines (1, 2 and 3) still with 15 buses and one Ocitolà transport on demand minibus. In 2008, the company recorded more than 850,000 journeys.

On 15 May 2013, seven new vehicles were integrated with the fleet, namely five  Cytios 4/44, and two Mercedes-Benz Citaro K BHNS. The total fleet is composed of a Renault Master B.20 (for the Ocitolà transport on demand), 5 Vehixel Cytios 4/44, 2 Mercedes-Benz Citaro K BHNS, two , five , and a .

A new vehicle wrapping campaign is underway, the yellow livery will disappear in favour of a red livery. Added to this, a campaign of improving vehicle facilities, to meet the new standards of accessibility of public transit, including on-board announcements and scrolling banners. The old Renault PR 100.2 (nos. 97205, 97207 to 97210) and  (nos. 97211 and 97212) were scrapped.

Intercity transport network

The commune is associated with the departmental public buses () by the lines:
 001 : Cherbourg-Octeville – Valognes – Carentan – Saint-Lô
 002 : Coutances – Marigny – Saint-Lô
 109 : Saint-Lô – Periers
 113 : Villedieu-les-Poêles – Saint-Lô
 117 : Guilberville – Torigni – Saint-Lô
 303 : Saint-Hilaire-du-Harcouët – Vire – Saint-Lô – Lison
 304 : Brécey – Villedieu-les-Poêles – Saint-Lô – Lison

Air and river transport
Despite its status of prefecture, there is no airfield in the vicinity of the town. The nearest is that of Lessay, and for an airport, to join that of Caen-Carpiquet, Cherbourg-Maupertus or Rennes – Saint-Jacques.

Inland waterway transport on the Vire once existed with scows ensuring the transport of . It is no longer possible, due to lack of maintenance of the various equipment and the Vire.

History
Saint-Lô has long been an important centre of the economy of Normandy. It has attracted the covetousness of neighboring nations, including England, resulting in many successive invasions. It lost its dominant position towards the end of the 19th century because it failed to take advantage of the first Industrial Revolution, which instead affected much of the predominantly peasant population. However, the decentralisation policy allowed the city to return to the foreground.

Briovère
Originally called Briovera (meaning "Bridge on the Vire River" in Gaulish) (often written in French as Briovère), the town is built on and around ramparts. The town started life as a Gallic fortified settlement, occupied by the tribe of the Unelli of Cotentin. Briovere was conquered by the Romans led by Quintus Titurius Sabinus in 56 BC, after the defeat of their leader Viridovix at . Roman peace led the development of Gallo-Roman rural areas, on the model of the Roman villae rusticae as in Canisy, Marigny and Tessy-sur-Vire, whose names are based on the suffix -i, of location of Celtic origin *-i-āko-, and often composed with a Latin personal name, carried by a Gallo-Roman native. Then, the region was the scene of various Saxon invasions during the 3rd century. The Franks did not establish an administrative power there, although Briovera was nevertheless entitled to hammer coinage. Historian Claude Fauchet said, "the Coutentin, at the same time as our Merovingian kings, was inhabited by the Sesnes (Saxons), pirates, and seems to have been abandoned by Carolingians, as variable and too remote for correction by our kings, to the Normans and other plunderers of sea..."

Sainte-Croix Church was built in 300, said to be on the ruins of a temple of Ceres. Christianity grew quite late. There were only four  before 511. Laud of Coutances, bishop in 525–565, had a residence here. After his death he was beatified and was particularly honoured by Briovera, which would have housed his tomb. A pilgrimage was conducted and the city took the name of Saint-Laud, and then the name Saint-Lô which has been known since the 8th century.

Middle Ages

The Bretons, led by King Salomon, began to occupy the west coast of the Cotentin Peninsula from 836. Before their advances, in August 867, Charles the Bald gave Salomon the Comitatus Constantiensis, territory over which he had little influence. In 889, the Vikings travelled up the Vire and besieged Saint-Lô. Protected by solid ramparts built, according to tradition, in the early 9th century by Charlemagne, the town did not initially surrender. The attackers then cut the water supply, resulting in the surrender of the inhabitants. The Vikings massacred the inhabitants, including the Bishop of Coutances, and then razed the town. The seat of the diocese moved to Rouen. It was only in 1025 that Bishop Herbert decided to return to the walls of Saint-Lô and restore the episcopal see. Then, under Geoffrey de Montbray, the town experienced a great economic development, taking advantage of the Norman expedition in Sicily. Robert Guiscard, a close associate of Geoffrey, brought important loot to Apulia and Calabria, and it was thanks to this treasure that Geoffrey was able to rebuild Coutances Cathedral in 1056. Saint-Lô is famous for its goldsmiths and even Matilda of Flanders, the wife of William the Conqueror, ordered two candelabra for the .

The population of the region participated in the conquest of England. Henry I, Count of Cotentin and eventually King of England strengthened Saint-Lô in 1090. In 1091, Geoffrey de Montbray, Bishop of Coutances, had a lock and mills built on the River Vire. With the death of Henry I in 1135, Stephen of Blois, Count of Mortain and Geoffrey of Anjou disputed the legitimacy of the realm. Saint-Lô sided with Stephen but was taken in 1139 by the Plantagenet army in just three days. The Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Becket, passed through Saint-Lô and a church, of which there remains no trace except the name of the Rue Saint-Thomas, was dedicated to him. In 1204, Saint-Lô submitted to Philip Augustus and became French. During this period of peace, the town prospered: It had the Hôtel-Dieu built on the edges of the town along with part of the Notre-Dame church and in 1234 a guild of tailors was established. Saint Louis came to the city twice, in 1256 and 1269. Saint-Lô was then the third largest town in the Duchy of Normandy after Rouen and Caen. In 1275 it received the right to mint coins from King Philip III of France, which it maintained until 1693. It specialised in tanneries with the designation  la vache de Saint-Lô [the cowhide of Saint-Lô]. After , its own trade of laces and leather aiguillettes amounted to one million in 1555; in knife making: A 16th century saying "Qui voudroit avoir bon couteau, Il faudroit aller à Saint-Lô" [Who would wish to have good knife, it would be necessary to go to Saint-Lô]; in goldsmithing; and in textiles, one of the main centres of France. There were more than 2,000 weavers, located mostly near the Dollée, a less powerful river than the Vire but with a smoother flow. Wool was imported from across the Cotentin peninsula. An order of 20 June 1460 fixed a special edge to the sheets of Saint-Lô.

On 24 September 1351 the king, John the Good, created a mint but did it did not receive the right to strike under the letter "S" in 1389. In January 1538, the letter "C" was attributed to him. The coins minted in Saint-Lô in the Middle Ages are also characterised by a "secret spot" under the nineteenth letter of the legend. The city was robbed of its monetary title in September 1693 in favour of Caen. Then, it returned to conflict with the Hundred Years' War. Geoffroy de Harcourt, a knight with franchises in Nord-Cotentin, betrayed the King of France and gave his homage to Edward III. In response, the barons Percy, Bacon and La Roche-Tesson were beheaded in Paris and their heads were exhibited in Saint-Lô for two years. The English landed at Saint-Vaast-la-Hougue on 12 July 1346 and then move upon Saint-Lô on 22 July. Jean Froissart describes "the big town of Saint-Leu in Constentin,... for the hard times, was rich and mercantile." The town was again sacked. Then the town was struck by the Black Death in 1347. Saint-Lô was reconquered in 1378 by Charles VI but it was again lost to English rule on 12 March 1418. During this period of political unrest, the lesser lords no longer knew where to place their allegiance. The French regained Saint-Lô on behalf of Charles VII on 12 September 1449. The king confirming the status of the Duchy of Normandy, it was the turn of the Duke of Brittany to occupy Manche, but Saint-Lô successfully repelled an attack in 1467, decimating a part of the Breton troops who were trapped by surprise in the Rue Torteron. On 9 November 1469, the ducal ring was broken and Normandy was definitively integrated into the Kingdom of France.

16th to 20th centuries

The period of peace had returned but the Cotentin lost its importance. Francis I was acclaimed at the door of the Neufbourg in 1532. In the 16th century, Protestantism won the round. Saint-Lô had a reformed church from 1555 and early printed books would be Protestant works. Saint-Lô suffered notably during the Wars of Religion. The Huguenots, holding Saint-Lô and Carentan, ransacked Coutances in 1562 and seized the Bishop Artus de Cossé-Brissac, who was dragged in the town of Saint-Lô on a donkey. Although, while the Edict of Pacification of Amboise had prompted the city to submit to Charles IX in February 1574, Norman Protestants made their headquarters in Saint-Lô. Troops led by the  besieged the city on 1 May, assaulted it 10 days later and captured it on 10 June. There were more than 500 deaths among those whose leader was Colombières, Lord of Bricqueville, but the Protestant Grand Captain Gabriel I of Montgomery escaped through the door of the Dollée. The town was ceded to  who built the citadel. Two years later the seigneury of the bishops of Coutances over the town ceased forever.

As a result of the war, in 1580, Saint-Lô lost the headquarters of the présidial, transferred to Coutances, capital of the bailiwick. In the mid-17th century part of the walls were destroyed, and the town grew with a new borough known as Neufborg. After the revocation of the Edict of Nantes (1685), most craftsmen abandoned Saint-Lô. The Revolt of the va-nu-pieds shook the area slightly in 1636, when the Government wanted to extend the gabelle in Cotentin. The region flourished especially in the manufacture of so-called d'estame wool socks. In 1678, the relics of Saint Laud were brought back to Notre-Dame. The route between Paris and Cherbourg, built to 1761, passes to Saint-Lô, facilitating trade. The French Revolution of 1789 overthrew the administrative division of the France and the capital of the department was temporarily set at Coutances between 1794 and 1796. Saint-Lô took the  "Rocher de la Liberté" [Rock of Freedom] and a tree was planted on the Champ de Mars. The city was relatively untouched during the Reign of Terror although there were some clashes with the Chouans.

The Napoleonic period saw the creation of the national stud. In 1827, Marie Thérèse of France, Duchess of Angoulême, passed through Saint-Lô and she was struck by the beauty of the landscape. She then planned to bring the sea to Saint-Lô making the River Vire navigable. The creation of the  in 1833 allowed the establishment of the connection between Carentan and Saint-Lô. Then, by order of 10 July 1835, the Vire was classified as navigable. Baron Alfred Mosselman built a port at Saint-Lô in recruiting nearly 250 military detainees and Spanish prisoners. A boatyard was created and traffic flowed at 50 tons in 1841 to more than 132 in 1846.  then launched barges and introduced horse traction by arranging the towpaths of the waterway. Several goods were transported but mainly the  and the lime from the quarries of Pont-Hébert and Cavigny. It thus passed from 1,233 tonnes of lime production in 1841 to 30,000 in 1858. In 1867, the paper mill of Valvire was built near the spillway and manufactured packing paper. It was destroyed by fire in 1930 and little remains beyond the chimney of the plant.

Saint-Lô ruled out the Mantes-la-Jolie–Cherbourg railway because its inhabitants, having fear of industrial progress, refused a path linking them to Paris. It would be attached to the rail network in 1860. In the 19th century, Saint-Lô, in the heart of a rich farming area, established itself as an important place for trade in animals, but the fear of the rural population towards the industrial revolution was blocking its development. River traffic transit saw 53,000 tonnes of goods, only 6% of which were foodstuffs. A leak was discovered in the canal and the River Vire was decommissioned in 1926. The region experienced a significant rural exodus and suffered casualties of the war of 1870 and the First World War. The Valvire paper mill burned down in the 1930s and would never be rebuilt. The demographics of the department was very negative from 1850. The city entered World War II in a declining situation.

In 1914 and 1915, Saint-Lô welcomed the temporary hospital No. 2 of the 10th Army Corps.

The criminal case of Jean Philippe took place in Saint-Lô, and was then judged by the Court of Assizes of Manche, at Coutances on 9 December 1940.

World War II

France was invaded in 1940 and the 7th Panzer Division, commanded by Rommel, entered Normandy. The objective being the capture of the city of Cherbourg, the centre of Manche was bypassed as the German Army occupied Saint-Lô, a strategic crossroads, on the night of 17 June 1940. During the occupation, the statue of the Norman dairywoman and the Havin statue, both made by  were sold and melted to make cannons, despite opposition from local politicians. In March 1943, the Germans decided to dig a tunnel under the rock. For the time being, no one is able to say what the usefulness of this tunnel would have been, though it was dug at the same time as the Agneaux Institute. Workers from the STO would be required until the beginning of the Battle of Normandy. Then, the underground, under construction, would house the sick of the Hôtel-Dieu located opposite and a part of the Saint-Lô population.

A German soldier was shot in January 1944 and several local people were arrested. The cinema, theatre and bars were closed, radios confiscated and the curfew was extended to 8pm.

During the Liberation, Saint-Lô suffered two series of air attacks during the Battle of Normandy. The first was the bombardment of the city by the Americans during the night of D-Day 6–7 June 1944. The first American air strike killed almost eight hundred civilians. Allied planes continued to attack the power plant and rail facilities daily for a week.

A second series of air attacks began on 17 July, during the Battle of Saint-Lô, which would give its name to the USS St. Lo.  This time the city was bombed by the Germans. As a main transport center, the city was a nexus of military activity starting the Battle of Normandy and on to the breakout from Normandy, Operation Cobra. As a result of air and ground attacks, Saint-Lô was almost totally destroyed (90–95% according to common estimates). The city was dubbed "The Capital of the Ruins" by Samuel Beckett. Saint-Lô was one of the key cities to the opening of the Falaise Gap, which ultimately allowed Allied forces to expel the Germans from northern France.

By order of Major General Charles Gerhardt, a jeep carried the body of Major Thomas Howie, later immortalized as "The Major of St. Lô", wrapped in a flag on its hood so that it could be said that he was the first American to enter the city.

Saint-Lô received the  and the Croix de Guerre 1939–1945 on 2 June 1948 with a citation for "capital of the Manche Department which has retained full confidence in the destiny of the country. Suffered on the night of 6–7 June, with a heroic calm, an air bombardment to such a point that its inhabitants could consider themselves as citizens of the capital of the ruins". These awards would be given on 6 June by President Vincent Auriol. The two communes, now absorbed from Sainte-Croix-de-Saint-Lô and Saint-Thomas-de-Saint-Lô, were also decorated with the Croix de Guerre 1939–1945 on 11 November 1948.

Postwar period

After the war the question arose as to whether the town should be rebuilt or left with its ruins intact as a testimony to the bombing. One American soldier laconically commented: "We sure liberated the hell out of this place".

Almost totally destroyed (97%), Saint-Lô had the unenviable nickname of Capital of Ruins, an expression attributed to Archbishop Bernard Jacqueline. It was the reason which compelled the prefect of the ruins  to settle in Coutances. This Capital of Ruins was revived by Samuel Beckett in his text The Capital of Ruins of 10 June 1946, which he wrote for Raidió Éireann, proving how much it remained marked by what he had seen and done in Saint-Lô. The Notre-Dame church located on the ramparts still bears the scars of bombing and bloody clashes which took place. The population timidly returned to the city. There were 180 people on 12 August 1944, but U.S. authorities decided not to issue authorisation of residence and supplied tickets. A lengthy clean-up began, including the corpses of residents and soldiers, which lasted until 15 October 1944. However, officials hesitated to rebuild Saint-Lô. Indeed, some were willing to leave the ruins as a testament to the martyrdom of the city and later rebuild a new Saint-Lô. The population declined, preferring to reinhabit its city.

In April 1945, the  Minister Raoul Dautry advocated a provisional wooden barracks building. These huts are built through the generosity of the donations. Thus, the association of the  unblocked an appropriation of 620,000 Swiss francs to build homes and a community centre. On 10 October 1949, Switzerland offered a gold ingot to the city which yielded 649,490 francs. There were ten housing estates in 1948, some which contained over 70 houses. The barracks were delivered in kit form, and it was enough to build them on the spot. Each had different specifics according to their place of origin (Swedish, Finnish, Swiss, French, American, Canadian). The Irish Red Cross participated in the construction of a 100-bed hospital consisting of 25 buildings (located level with the Pasteur college) and landed 174 tons of equipment starting in August 1945. The hospital was inaugurated on Sunday, 7 April 1946 and the Irish medical team left Saint-Lô at the beginning of January 1947. This hospital, consisting of wooden shacks, operated until 1956.

By 1948, a more permanent Saint-Lô had to be rebuilt. This would be done on the basis of plans designed by the Chief Architect of the reconstruction André Hilt (died 1946), which had proposed to retain the general fabric of the town by adapting it to modern needs. President Vincent Auriol laid the first stone just four years after landing.

As partial reparation for the destruction of the city, the Americans, behind the bombing, decided to build a modern hospital. The plans were made by the architect Paul Nelson, who decided to build a contemporary-style building. It is located on the Route de Villedieu. Work began in 1949, and it was completed on 10 May 1956. A monumental mosaic was made by Fernand Léger, which pays tribute to peace and Franco-American friendship: Both hands towards the Cotentin Peninsula symbolised with an apple tree branch in bloom. It was at that time the largest hospital in Europe. On 29 November 1949, the journalist Frédéric Pottecher submitted a hypothesis to not move the prefecture of Manche from Saint-Lô. Although, during the reconstruction, it was temporarily placed in Coutances. The whole of the population reacted and a petition collected more than 2,400 signatures: in the journal le Réveil, an article quotes:

The prefecture returned to Saint-Lô in 1953, into new premises.

Saint-Lô was rebuilt. The dominant style was a neo-regionalist functionalism which was dominated by concrete. Its dated and monotonous character was soon criticised. If this choice, dictated by the circumstances and the immediate problems of the housing of Saint-Lô, leaves regrets today, it makes Saint-Lô, on a smaller scale than Le Havre or Lorient, one of the most striking testimonies of the reconstruction period. A few streets contain vestiges of the old Saint-Lô: some houses on the Rue du Neufbourg, Rue Croix-Canuet and Falourdel, Rue Saint-Georges and Porte au Four. This last street houses the last medieval way of Saint-Lô. In 1964, Saint-Lô absorbed two neighbouring communes, Sainte-Croix-de-Saint-Lô (660 inhabitants in 1962, to the east of the territory) and Saint-Thomas-de-Saint-Lô (306 inhabitants to the south). The town benefitted from the economic growth of the Trente Glorieuses and the population grew by 30% between 1968 and 1975. It built neighbourhoods of buildings in the Valley of the Dollée and Val Saint-Jean. The theatre, meanwhile, was inaugurated in 1963.

The square of the town hall was completely redeveloped in the 1990s. The city organised a large demonstration on the occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of the Normandy landings. The edges of the Vire were reconfigured with the rehabilitation of the towpath and the creation of a green beach, at the Place du Quai-à-Tangue. A scow was rebuilt and crossed the river, in order to remember former river traffic. In 2004, the rural area of Bois-Jugan was urbanised, with the creation of housing within a framework of preservation of green spaces and a large aquatic centre. Later, the Des Ronchettes water tower was built following an unusual method for the time, since the tank (strongly resembling a flying saucer) was built at the ground level, then raised by a system of jacks, as the rings composing its body were manufactured. As such, its elevation allows a mounting point for telecommunication (mobile phone, WiMAX, and FM radio) networks.

Politics and administration

List of mayors

During the Revolution
For the revolutionary period, the destruction of most of the archives does not allow a definitive result.

Empires and Restoration

Third Republic

Since 1944
In 1944, the municipal council was suspended and a municipal delegation, chaired by Georges Lavalley, was temporarily responsible for administering the city.

Demography

Demographic evolution
In 2017, the commune had 19,116 inhabitants.

Age structure
In 2017, the distribution of the population of the commune by age group was as follows:

Heraldry

Economy

The city, at a crossroads between Caen, Cherbourg and Rennes, has a natural vocation of marketplace in the centre of the Manche bocage. A city of craftsmen and trade, which owes part of its prosperity to its status of prefecture, it has experienced a late industrialisation and attempts to assert its place, today, in the regional agri-food industry. Despite this, the Saint-Lô country became one of the less industrial areas of the region. Its unemployment rate of 6.7% also hides an exodus of young workers to the area of Caen and Rennes. The entry into service of the  helped open up the centre of Manche and create a new industrial zone (ZAC Neptune).

In 2008, Saint-Lô was equipped with fibre optic cable to allow companies and individuals to have very high speed internet (approximately 1 Gbps and 100 Mbit/s for individuals). Companies should have had access to this speed by September 2008, with individuals not before September 2009. Saint-Lô will be one of the first cities in France of this size to be equipped with a fibre optic internet network.

Tax rate

Industries

Lecapitaine: Manufacturer of automotive bodywork and refrigeration, a subsidiary of Petit Forestier (320 employees – €33M turnover).
Moulinex: The Moulinex factory has long been the largest plant in Saint-Lô. When the group went bankrupt in 2004, the factory was a subsidiary of SEB, and general company for electric motors was revived as Euromoteurs, with SEB as the only customer. Part of the production lines were dismantled, sold to China and resettled there by the Green de Gourfaleur company. The Saint-Lô site had 150 employees and manufactured small and medium power electric motors. Suffering from only having the single client SEB, Euromoteurs was put into liquidation in 2007.
Alios, production plant which manufactures smart cards and CEV, a company that manages electronic transactions, grouped in the same building (80 employees) and subsidiaries of the Group Chèque Déjeuner. It is one of the key players in the Secure Electronic Transactions .
MT Verbom, company specialising in press tools. Created in 1985 on the Promenade des ports, the Martignoni-Traisnel company specialises in the production of auto parts, and moved in 1990 into the Chevallerie zone. In 1998 the company became closer with Canadian group Verbom and employed 65 people on the site in 2008.

Tertiary sector
The town of Saint-Lô is very oriented towards services, thus since the fall of Moulinex, the France-United States Memorial Hospital became the first employer in the city. There are many jobs in administration related to its status of prefecture. Its location in the heart of the bocage allows it to sustain services connected historically with agriculture: It may be noted the presence of one of the seats of the , whose closure was announced in June 2010, but also the insurer Groupama, clearly visible from the Major Howie roundabout, and . Finally, many businesses have developed along the ring road.

Agriculture and agro-food hub
The city hosts activities associated with the rearing of cattle and horses. Each week, a calf market took place in the market installed until 30 December 2008 near Les Ronchettes. From January 2009, it was removed and attached to the calf market at Torigni-sur-Vire. The city also has the Livestock Promotion Centre, located next to the stud farm, which hosts the equestrian competition of the Normandy horse show, each year in August. The agri-food cluster has developed since 1990 with the aim of hosting companies in this sector, several public or parapublic bodies are installed:

Adria normandie: technical advice centre for agro-processing.
The agri-food nursery.
Lilano: Laboratoire interprofessionnel laitier de Normandie [Inter-professional dairy laboratory of Normandy].
The Centre of agri-food formation of Saint-Lô, an extension of the Thère Farming School located at Le Hommet-d'Arthenay.
Ardefa: Association régionale pour le développement de l'emploi et des formations dans les industries alimentaires [Regional Association for the development of employment and training in the food industries.]
Workshop of agri-food rotation.
The agri-food park of Saint-Georges-Montcocq / Le Mesnil-Rouxelin on which the master dairies are established; through lack of implementation, much remains undeveloped.

In 2008, the only success in the agri-food field was the success of the France Kebab enterprise, which had won many prizes in 2007.

Media

Several regional media are disseminated in Saint-Lô and have an office.

 (weekly newspaper), headquarters
Ouest-France (daily press), departmental daily
 (daily press)
, formerly Radio Manche (radio)
 (radio)

Education

The city of Saint-Lô falls within the .

University Institute of Technology

The site of Saint-Lô is a component of the  which offers the following courses:

Professional licence, development and protection of the cultural heritage, option virtual reality and multimedia training
Professional licence, management maintenance and industrial exploitation.

A part of the Groupe FIM, training organisation of the  and that of .

School of Management and Commerce
The School of Management and Commerce of Saint-Lô was established in 1988 under the auspices of the FIM Group and is currently headed by Yves Ricolleau. A member of the national network of the EGC, the school offers  consisting of three years of responsible marketing, commercialisation and management. The school gains about 40 new students each year.

Garrisons

Saint-Lô has been the site of various garrisons at the Bellevue barracks:
 ? – 1923 : 3 battalions (1st, 2nd and 3rd) of the
 1924–1929 : 1st Battalion of the 1st Colonial
 1929–1939 :
 ? – ? :
 1963 – ? : 512th Transport Group, coming from Constantine
 1978–1984 : 1st RIMA

Culture

Facilities

The Jean Lurçat Cultural Centre: media library, , auditorium, drawing school and community building.
Municipal music school
The Roger Ferdinand Theatre
The Normandy: concert hall for current music
Lieu Pluri-artistique Art Plume [Multi-artistic Pen Art Place] in the Valley of the Dollée
The cinema Cinemoviking, on Esplanade Jean-Grémillon.

The Cinemoviking cinema opened on 1 April 2009, and was the first cinema of Lower Normandy to offer 3D films.

Events

Asian Culture Festival and manga (in February)
Housing fair: Parc des expos (late February)
The Hétéroclites (in June): Street theatre, acrobatics, music, in the bucolic atmosphere of the Valley of the Dollée.
Festival of the Vire: At the Plage verte (last weekend in June)
Festival of music with the Tendance Live Show organised by
Chess Festival (early July) Festival
Criterium of the ramparts of Saint-Lô: Around the Enclos (last Wednesday of July)
The Jeudis du haras [Thursdays of the Stud]: Saint-Lô stud farm (July and August)
Normandy horse show: equine complex (August)
Foire aux Croûtes et à la brocante [Fair of the Crusts and of the flea market]: City centre (in September): exhibition and sale of paintings of local artists and garage sale
: Choral festival (October, biennial; ended in 2014)
Challenges de la ville de Saint-Lô de tir [Challenges of the city of Saint-Lô of shooting] (rifle, pistol and field crossbow) organised annually by Saint-Lô shooting club at the Salle Saint-Ghislain on the Rue de l'Exode, the second weekend of October.
Fair of Saint-Lô: Parc des expos (October)
National stallion competition (October)
Sonic Meetings (in November), music festival

Personalities linked to the commune

Births

Jacques Davy Duperron (1556–1618), poet and diplomat.
 (1778–1847), miniaturist of the 19th century.
Urbain Le Verrier (1811–1877), astronomer and mathematician, born in Saint-Lô where he spent the first years of his childhood. A plaque is installed at the Place du Champ-de-Mars on the building where he lived.
 (1819–1867), physician
 (1820–1893), legal and artistic personality of Manche and grandson of the last Viscount Granville, .
Octave Feuillet (1821–1890), writer, was born and died in Saint-Lô. His birthplace is 2 Rue Saint-Georges. A novelist and playwright who gained success under the Second Empire, he was considered a 'bourgeois writer' of that era and was elected to the Académie française when 40 years old.
 (1832–1906), woman of letters and wife of the previous
 (1880–1915), cartoonist
 (1897–1944), resistant, died during deportation
Jacques Datin (1920–1973), composer who wrote for France Gall, Juliette Gréco, Serge Lama, Claude Nougaro, Édith Piaf, etc.
 (1929), director of IT companies, son of
 (1932), son of Raymond Brulé
Claude Rolley, (1933–2007), archaeologist, Emeritus Professor of the University of Burgundy, writer on the art of Gaul and ancient Greece, President of the
Jean Teulé (1953), novelist, who also performed in film and on television
Jacky Vimond (1961), first French motocross rider to become world champion in 1986
, designer writer
, gold medallist team rider at the 2002 FEI World Equestrian Games
Florian Angot and , riders of the team of France at the Olympic Games in Athens
Alexis Loret (1975), actor who was in the film  by Valérie Guignabodet
Hugues Duboscq, French swimmer, bronze medallist in the 100m breaststroke at the 2004 and 2008 Summer Olympics
Mathieu Johann, singer, candidate in the fourth season of Star Academy
Benoit Lesoimier, professional footballer who plays for Stade Brestois 29.
Florian Geffrouais (1988), decathlete.

Others
 (1746–1818), the last Viscount of Granville, died at Saint-Lô, where he was president of the court of first instance, on 30 August 1818
 (1746–1835), deputy Mayor of Saint-Lô, public prosecutor and president of the Criminal Court of Manche, deputy of Manche in the Council of Ancients.
 (1755–1829), lawyer in Saint-Lô and member of the convention
 (1764–1827), military
 (1768–1826), politician of Manche was a borough councillor of Saint-Lô under the Empire
Jean Follain, author, devoted a book entitled Chef-lieu (1950), in Saint-Lô where he spent his adolescence. Many documents are gathered in the Museum of Fine Arts of the city
Samuel Beckett, Nobel Prize winning writer, who enlisted as a steward at the Irish Hospital of Saint-Lô. He dedicated four lines which are today engraved at the entrance to the Museum of Fine Arts.
Paul-Jacques Bonzon, youth novelist
Albert II, current Prince of Monaco, who carries Baron of Saint-Lô amongst .
Ant Middleton, the British former special forces soldier, TV personality and author, lived in the town with his family in the late 1980s and early 1990s.

Sports

Sports disciplines

Football

In 2014–2015, FC Saint-Lô Manche developed its team first in CFA 2 and two other teams in the . In 2004, the club was playing in the CFA. The club home is the recently built .

The Union sportive Sainte-Croix-de-Saint-Lô develops a football team in the League of Lower Normandy and two others in district divisions.

Other sports clubs
: Baseball team was twice champion of France (1996 and 1997). Evolving in the Championship of France elite in 2006, the club was dropped for the 2007 season for financial reasons and evolved at the regional level in 2008.
The Normandy Horse Show is a major riding event for the promotion of the saddle horse. The annual event takes place around the week of 15 August.
Team Nissan France Dessoude, directed by André Dessoude, participates in Rally raid Championship, including the Dakar Rally. In 2002, he hired Johnny Hallyday.
ASPTT Saint-Lô Handball inhabited the French  in 2012.
Saint-Lô Rugby Club.
Saint-Lô shooting club, formerly Buffalo Club, created 4 August 1952; the main shooting stand is located at 91 Rue Poterne to the level of the Tour des Beaux-Regards in the tunnels of the old unfinished German underground hospital, dug during the World War II.
Agneaux-Saint-Lô Chess Club. Recognised as one of the most dynamic chess clubs in France. The young team is part of the Top 16, first national division.
Saint-Lô Volley was playing in the  in 2012.
, the first club of floorball in Manche.
ARC Club saint-lois: Archery club established in 1977, premier club in Manche.
Patronage laïque saint-lois [Saint-lois secular patronage]: Table tennis club.

Facilities

Sports complex of Saint-Ghislain (former indoor pool on Rue de l'Exode):
Weight room
Marcel Cerdan Boxing Hall
Straw wall, in the gym, for archery
Stadium
Tennis courts
André-Guilbert – Maréchal-Juin Gym
Gym Hall of the Bois Ardent & Dojo Alain-Crépieux Dojo – Place George Pompidou
Table tennis hall –  Rue du Mesnilcroc
Complex of the Vaucelle: Jean-Berthelem Stadium – base of canoeing
 – Ronchettes: football pitch
Aurora Stadium – Ronchettes: rugby ground
Fernand-Beaufils Sports Centre – Champs de Mars: basketball, fencing room
Aquatic Centre – Bois Jugan, opened in January 2005. It has a 25 m pool with a movable floor to adjust depth, a leisure pool (wild river, seat massage, etc.), a wading pool, an outdoor pool open year-round and a gym (cold bath, Jacuzzi, hammam, fitness room and massage shower).
The tennis courts of the Memorial Tennis Club –
Equestrian centre of the Gourmette saint-loise
Squash – Bois Jugan (near the aquatic centre)
Compact golf – Bois Jugan
Archery field – Rue Valvire (at the end)
Baseball field.

Sites and monuments

Religious heritage

Church of Notre-Dame

The  is a monument of Flamboyant Gothic style erected on four centuries from the end of the 13th century to replace the former castle's chapel. It is located in the Enclos surrounded by ramparts and was listed on the register of historic monuments in 1840. The outdoor pulpit was noted and drawn by Victor Hugo, which he called 'unique' in a letter to Adèle Foucher. He protected it from demolition, which was planned prior to town renovation in 1863.

The building suffered heavy destruction during World War II, although it was among the only standing buildings after the 1944 bombings. If the stained-glass windows were saved, after being always present since temporary removal during the war, the nave was gutted following the collapse of the North Tower which was shelled by German artillery. Its roof and façade were destroyed, as well as the top of the other tower. Instead of rebuilding the church identically, the architect of Historic Monuments decided to build a greenschist frontage to highlight the scar left by the war. The statue of Notre-Dame du Pilier is from 1467; having been destroyed and remade several times, it is now housed on a column in the apse chapel.

Church of Sainte-Croix

The  is, according to the tradition, the heir of a chapel built here by St. Helena in the 4th century and of an abbey founded by Charlemagne. Better documented is the creation of an Augustinian abbey by Algar, the new bishop of Coutances (formerly the prior of Bodmin Priory, Cornwall) in 1132. The Romanesque church was consecrated in 1202, being largely remade in the following centuries with successive renovations. The choir was remade in the 16th century while the bell tower is from 1860 to 1863. During World War II, the bell tower (located laterally) collapsed and it was on its ruins where the body of Major Howie was placed; a new bell tower was rebuilt in 1957 on the forecourt in a modern style. On the church square stands the departmental monument in memory of the victims of the wars of Algeria and Indochina, opened in 2005.

Cemetery of Saint-Lô
The cemetery of Saint-Lô is located between the Saint-Croix Church and the national stud, on the Route de Lison. The cemetery is much marked by the Second World War with the plot of the civilian victims of the bombing of 1944, also the mausoleum of the Blanchet family, and Major Glover S. Johns Junior who installed the first command post before releasing the city. One can still find the tomb of the  Dagobert. Also note the weeping statue which has traces of shrapnel, a bronze sculpture of Cabet, who was a student of F. Rude.

Other buildings

The parish of Saint-Lô has other Catholic buildings:

Church of Saint Jean-Eudes located in Val Saint-Jean
The chapel of the Memorial Hospital
The chapel of the Saint Jean clinic
The chapel of the Bon-Sauveur psychiatric hospital
The John XXIII Chapel in the Dollée quarter

The city also has a temple of the Protestant Reformed Church of France. It was built by architect Verrey with the glazing of Max Ingrand and was inaugurated on 23 October 1955.

Historical civil heritage
Several sites are registered as historic monuments:

The Madeleine Chapel.
The Château de la Vaucelle, registered on 11 July 1975.
Notre-Dame church, recorded in 1840, contains ten objects registered in respect of objects classified as historical monuments.
The Sainte-Croix church.
The National Stud and its park, registered on 18 February 1993.
The wards and the lobby of the .
The Manor of Bosdel, constructed between the 16th and 18th centuries, registered as an historic monument on 1 April 1946.
The remains of the walls recorded on 12 December 1945 but the Rue de la poterne and the Place des Beaux-Regards had been registered as early as 22 October 1937.

The Maison-Dieu [House of God] (not to be confused with the Hôtel-Dieu) located opposite the church and built in the second half of the 15th century was razed during the bombings of 1944. This bourgeois construction presented a half-timbered façade with corbels and sculptures. Another House, called Poids Royal, located in the quad at 11 Rue Thiers in the Enclos had been included in historical monuments on 3 October 1929, it was also destroyed.

Ramparts

Saint-Lô also has remains of its medieval line of walls. Ramparts still exist on three of the four sides of the Enclos. The remains include: Tour des Beaux-Regards ("Tower of Beautiful Glances"), commanding the steepest part of the spur of the town, and the Tour de la Poudrière ("Tower of the Gunpowder Store"), an impressive military relic of the old citadel, are the two most notable elements of the ramparts. On the south side, the wartime disaster of 1944 had the paradoxical effect of clearing the base, where houses had grown around the Rue du Torteron.

National Stud

Saint-Lô is home to the largest of the 23 national stud farms in France. In 1806, Napoleon provided Saint-Lô with a deposit of stallions by the . From its origin, the deposit was installed on buildings and abandoned land of the old Abbey of Sainte-Croix ( first leased and then owned from 22 September 1807). The stud then recruited from the breeding of the Haras du Pin.

In 1826, the military remount depot moved premises which the stud had given to it; most stallions were taken from the stud to provide cavalry. On 28 May 1874, the Boscher Law enabled supervision of the allocations of the regiments and allowed to provide the stud with over 230 horses. On 28 June 1881, the municipal council decided to transfer the stud to adjoin the Route de Bayeux. Thus, the current stud farm buildings date from 1884 (the first stone was laid on 11 June 1884), and the transfer was finished three years later. During World War I, five mares out of six were requisitioned, but no stallions. Grooms fought at the front, and German prisoners dug a pond. In 1939, the old stable housed the staff of the Haras de Strasbourg (40 stallions and staff) at the time of the German breakthrough. Then, in 1944, fifty horses were killed by the bombing and other stallions were stolen by German soldiers in flight. The old stud was destroyed and claimed by the city. Thus, there only remains the street of the same name and the Normandy building which was previously the former riding school. The new stud was then built. General de Gaulle offered to the Sultan of Morocco Bois de Rose, a thoroughbred which had been stationed at the stud for two years. The stud then grew gradually in the field of reproduction, by investing in an artificial insemination centre, a centre for the freezing of semen and an embryo transfer unit. Thus, the electoral district of Saint-Lô has the highest density of breeding deposits of France.

Château de la Vaucelle

Located on the bank of the Vire, the  belongs to the Saint-Lois descendants of the 17th century diarist Luc Duchemin. The Sainte-Pernelle Chapel is the work of a Lord of the Vaucelle Jean Boucart, confessor of Louis XI and founder of the parish library of Saint-Lô, which was at the time the second library of Normandy by importance. Three kings resided at the Vaucelle: Edward III in 1346, at the beginning of the Hundred Years' War the king found that it was not a safe city, Francis I during his visit in 1532 and Charles IX. The dovecote and the northern wall niche are listed as protected elements.

Museums

Museum of Fine Arts

Built by the architect Eugène Leseney, the Jean-Lurçat Cultural Centre is situated on the Place du Champ-de-Mars, opposite the Sainte-Croix Church. It houses the Museum of Fine Arts where, within the collections of the city since 1989, are found: The writings and sketches of Jean Follain, paintings by Corot, Guillaume Fouace, Eugène Boudin. Is also exposed the tapestries of the  (16th century), composed of eight tapestries from the Bruges workshops including a draft with the theme of the Lai d'Aristote.

Museum of the Norman Bocage

Boisjugan farm is a farmhouse from the 17th century which was in use until 1970. Converted into a museum, it traces the history and ethnography of agriculture in the Norman bocage since the 18th century with agricultural practices, horse and cattle breeding. Typical sites are reconstructed (workshop, stable, barn and creamery).

Chapel of Madeleine

The  is located right next to the national stud, on the road to Bayeux. It is a relic of a former leprosarium from the 14th century. It was classified as an historical monument on 3 August 1974 and was restored between 1988 and 1994. A memorial was inaugurated in May 1995 in honour of the soldiers of the 29th and 35th divisions who liberated Saint-Lô in 1944. Photos, commemorative plaques, tables and flags are on display.

Other notable places
A memorial in the city honours Major Thomas Howie, Commander of the 3d Battalion, 116th Infantry Regiment of the U.S. Army's 29th Division; the unit that liberated the city on 18 July 1944. Howie was killed just before his unit entered the city and was so highly respected that his men placed his flag-draped body on the hood of a jeep at the front of the column so he could be the first American to enter the city. He became famous as the "Major of Saint-Lô".

Place de la Mairie

Redesigned in 1990, the city square is all black asphalt lit by spotlights on the ground. At night it has a resemblance to an airport runway. The statue of the dairywoman or Femme d'Isigny [Woman of Isigny] can be seen at the top of the square.  (1848–1918) introduced a plaster statue in 1887, a Norman woman marked by the hard work of the Earth, a milk rod (a typical Normandy container) on her shoulder. A few years later, the bronze arrived in Saint-Lô. It is set on a round plinth, surrounded by a basin, on the Place des Beaux-Regards in front of the Notre-Dame church. She moved a little further when the Poilu of the Great War was installed. It was then unbolted and melted on 8 February 1942, by the Germans, to recover the bronze for the arms industry. In January 1984, André Leplanquais, a merchant of Saint-Lô, wanted to create a replica of this statue. A fundraiser gained significant donations from residents. Once the money was together, the sculptor , the famous sculptor of Ernée, fashioned a new statue based on the original plans. Moved several times, one can find it near stairs of the square. The base and the granite basin are the original.

The Havin fountain also created by Arthur Le Duc in 1887 was located near the Museum of Saint-Lô; its statue was also melted by the Germans, however no replica has been created. Nearby is the prison entrance, a remnant of the bombing in 1944. An urn containing the ashes of deportees is placed at the foot of it. A memorial in honour of the victims of Nazi repression, it became the departmental monument to the Resistance. The belfry can also be observed from the square, which seems to spring from the heart of the city. Built in 1954, it was once used to dry the hoses of firefighters. Renovated several times since 1990, it is the symbol of the reconstruction of the city. At the top are a weathervane in the shape of Unicorn and a viewpoint, from which one can admire the entire region. Previously open to the public by the tourist office, its access is now forbidden.

The Caisse d'Épargne squirrel
A granite statue representing a squirrel can be seen in Saint-Lô, which is the logo of the Caisse d'Épargne banking group; It is located in the Rue Saint-Thomas. What may seem incongruous, it is that there's no bank of this group nearby. However, the bank did have a branch in front, but it was moved in the 1990s. Then arose the question of whether or not to keep the statue for advertising purposes. The people of Saint-Lô had become attached to the squirrel, and it was finally decided to leave it in place.

Quarters

The town of Saint-Lô consists of a number of quarters:

The Val Saint-Jean, composed mainly of buildings and apartment towers.
The Aurore, composed mostly of single family homes and social housing. One can discover, the Rue des Sycamores open school of Aurore. This modern architecture is a work of Eugène Leseney.
The Bois Ardent–Bois Jugan: Located on the south side of the city, these twp quarters include leisure spaces (urban golf, pool, and squash, etc.) as well as service spaces (employment service, retirement home) and a .
The Dollée composed mainly of a large number of social and private apartment buildings.
La Ferronnière
The Enclos, historic centre of the city within the walls with its prefectural administrative centre.

Parks and green spaces

The commune is a floral city, having obtained three flowers in the Concours des villes et villages fleuris [contest of floral cities and villages].

The public garden: It is located in the Enclos, between the Tour des Beaux-Regards and the administrative area. The view is breathtaking on the Vire and Rue Torteron.
The Plage Verte [Green Beach]: A green space created in 2001 on part of the old tangue wharf in the vicinity of the River Vire, between the ramparts and the railway station. The modern Henri Liébard footbridge connects the two banks of the river roughly at the location of the former which had been destroyed during the bombing of June 1944. It is also the setting of the festival of the Vire which is held annually during the last weekend of June. It also allows access to the piers for boat tours.
The islands of the river Vire: Lebroussois island and Möselman Island are separated by the weir. An arboretum has been planted at the foot of the brick chimney, only remnant of the paper mill which was burned in the 1930s.
The towpath: Between the station and the Rocreuil bridge, many Saint-Lô people walk, do their jogging and cycling there. One can see the Château de la Vaucelle.
The Valley of the Dollée: At the foot of the Route de Lison, there is a mill race and a watermill and a fitness trail. It is also part of the festival of "hétéroclites".
The Boisjugan Urban Park: A green area linking the new subdivisions, which border it, and the old farmland property of the city which borders the south ring road. This landscape with an area of  is located behind the Museum of the Norman Bocage, of the Aquatic Centre and in the immediate vicinity of the golf course. It includes green spaces with ponds and wetlands, crossed by stone walkways overlooking the old paths, all exclusively for walkers. There is also a playground for children and a fitness trail.
The village of : In the middle of the Saint-Lô bocage, Le Hutrel has a village festival, in its square, every year on Ascension Thursday.
The park of the Haras de Saint-Lô: Park and gardens protected as historical monuments since 18 February 1993.

The city has also two  according to the CAUE 50 that are a saucer magnolia, located in a courtyard of the Rue du Neufbourg, and a giant sequoia, located in the courtyard of the district school, on Rue du Général Dagobert.

Twinning programmes and sponsorship
The town of Saint-Lô is twinned with:

 Saint-Ghislain, Belgium, since 9 September 1962
 Aalen, Germany, since 3 June 1979
 Christchurch, since 20 April 1985
 Kervénanec, Lorient, France, since 11 September 1988
 Roanoke, USA, since 19 June 1999

Saint-Lô is the sponsor of the patrol vessel , a P400-class patrol vessel of the French Navy, intended for protection tasks of exclusive economic zones or public service.

Philately
A French stamp representing the coat of arms of the city was issued on 17 December 1966, the stamp was the sixth of the Arms of cities series. Its face value was 20 centimes. It was designed by Mireille Louis.

See also
Communes of the Manche department
, the United States Navy escort carrier named after the city following the landings at the city following Operation Overlord. She was sunk by kamikaze aircraft during the Battle of Leyte Gulf, being the first kamikaze casualty of the war.
Fernand-Marie-Eugène Le Gout-Gérard

Notes

References

Bibliography
 : Document used as a source for the drafting of this article.

 Digital media

External links

 Town council website
 The bombing of Saint-Lo – June 1944
 The heroic and painful memory of the summer of 1944 (In French)
 History of the château and the churches of Saint-Lô (In French)
 Map of the commune in 1749
 Old views of Saint-Lô on the site of the Manche archives (In French)

Communes of Manche
Prefectures in France
Razed cities

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Bernie Sanders criticizes Obama's planned Nike visit to promote trade deal
By Michael A. Memoli
Democratic presidential candidate Sen. Bernie Sanders (I-Vt.), left, with Rep. Brad Sherman (D-Sherman Oaks) at a news conference on Capitol Hill. (Brett Carlsen / Associated Press)
Sen. Bernie Sanders (I-Vt.) is calling upon President Obama to cancel his plans to visit Nike's corporate headquarters this week as part of the White House's push to drum up support for a major new trade agreement.
Sanders said the shoe giant, which has moved many of its manufacturing jobs to cheaper markets overseas, only epitomizes how previous trade deals "have failed American workers."
In a letter sent to Obama Wednesday afternoon and obtained by the Los Angeles Times, the self-identified socialist, who is now running for president as a Democrat, says the proposed Trans-Pacific Partnership, or TPP, would only boost Nike's profits while doing nothing to increase manufacturing jobs here.
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Obama's fellow Democrats are proving to be the main obstacle to passing both in Congress, but he has been ramping up his appeals in recent weeks.
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But Sanders said TPP would "do nothing to encourage Nike to create one manufacturing job in this country," and would only boost its executives' compensation.
He cited a study that Nike employs more than 300,000 workers in Vietnam, where the minimum wage is just 56 cents an hour and labor unions are banned.
"If Nike can sell a pair of LeBron XII Elite iD shoes online for $320 in this country, it should be making these shoes and other products here, not in Vietnam or China."
Acknowledging that Obama was likely to press ahead with the trip, Sanders called upon the president to raise the issue with Nike Chief Executive Phil Knight.
Follow @mikememoli for more news out of Washington.
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text:
A funny, suspenseful mystery and unlikely friendship story from New York Times bestselling author Gordon Korman-perfect for fans of Swindle and Ungifted.
Keenan has lived all over the world but nowhere quite as strange as Centerlight Island, which is split between the United States and Canada. Les mer
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Keenan has lived all over the world but nowhere quite as strange as Centerlight Island, which is split between the United States and Canada. The only thing weirder than Centerlight itself is his neighbor Zarabeth, aka ZeeBee.
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Skjønnlitteratur for barn og ungdom: vennskap
Skjønnlitteratur for barn og ungdom: krim og mysterier
«"Korman is reliably at the head of the pack in middle-grade quirkiness, and his fans will be well pleased with this fresh title." — Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books "Korman brings his usual humor and heart to this well-plotted mystery… that sensitively explores themes of friendship and family." — Publishers Weekly "Korman sketches characters with swift, sure strokes and places them in a distinctive setting… this a book that Korman fans won't want to miss." — ALA Booklist "The fast-moving, action-packed plot makes this a great choice for reluctant readers… A diverting read full of suspense and historical intrigue." — School Library Journal "Another treat for Korman fans." — Kirkus Reviews»
Gordon Korman published his first book at age fourteen and since then has written more than ninety middle grade and teen novels. Favorites include the New York Times bestselling Ungifted, Supergifted, The Unteachables, Pop, Schooled, and the Masterminds series. Gordon lives with his family on Long Island, New York. You can visit him online at www.gordonkorman.com.


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Glasgow Apartments for Rent
Selection of party apartments and city lets in Glasgow
Apartment in Glasgow of 2 bedrooms
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Holiday rental in Glasgow of 5 bedrooms
Holiday Apartment for 8 people in Glasgow
Picturesque holiday home in Glasgow with Laundry and Balcony
Tourist Letting in Glasgow for 2
Picturesque holiday home of 3 bedrooms in Glasgow
Stunning holiday home in Glasgow with Breakfast and Kitchen
Ideal tourist apartment in Glasgow for 6
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Central holiday letting in Glasgow of 2 bedrooms
Discover holiday apartments in Glasgow city centre
Looking for the perfect apartments in Glasgow for your trip to Scotland? Find rooms to rent to enjoy your stay in the biggest city in Scotland in just one click. There's no need to search hundreds of websites; here at Hundredrooms, we gather all of the best short-stay apartments from many different places. Find all of your Glasgow party apartments in one place and find the cheapest option for your trip. Compare and found apartments to rent for one night for the ultimate weekend trip. We have plenty of options near Celtic and Rangers FC and is one of the most fascinating cities in the UK. With a thriving arts scene, some of the friendliest locals around and a legendary nightlife, you're sure to feel right at home. Every year, more and more people choose to rent a self-catering apartment in Glasgow city centre as both the price and experience are like having a home from home. No matter your age nor taste, you must see this city which is the perfect blend of Victorian architecture and multiple new developments, thanks to its former European City of Culture status. Depending on where you want to stay, you can find some fabulous cheap accommodation in Glasgow near George Square, which is perfect if you want to enjoy the Hogmanay fireworks. If you're here to see the Scottish Ballet or the National Theatre of Scotland, we have city apartments in Glasgow that will provide you with the ultimate comfort after an incredible show. Alternatively, if you're here to watch one of Scotland's biggest football clubs which reside here, or a game at Hampden Park, we have the perfect city lets near the stadiums. Some of the finest art exhibitions are held at the Kelvingrove Museum, and Glasgow boasts the best shopping centres in the UK. Get chatting to the locals that famously have one of the most distinctive dialects across the country - you're bound to be both stupefied and enamoured at the same time. Without a doubt, finding your own Glasgow central apartment is the best option for total comfort and ease during your trip. Book now - this city is waiting for you! Looking for weekend apartments? Or perhaps a penthouse or loft? We have it all in Glasgow.
Places to stay in Glasgow
There is an incredible choice of apartments for rent in Glasgow city centre for your trip. What's more, with Hundredrooms, you can compare all of the best penthouse flats to make sure you're booking the perfect option. Along George Square, you will have some of the biggest retailers and stores at your fingertips, and points of interest such as the Buchanan Galleries just a short distance away. Glasgow is best explored by foot, so forget the map and hike the city like a local - it is a city famed for its emerging arts scene thanks to the Glasgow School of Art. In Glasgow city centre, there are countless self-catering apartments
Holiday rentals in Glasgow
Pet friendly apartments in Glasgow
Rentals for 12 in Glasgow
1 bedroom apartments in Glasgow
Where to stay in Glesga
If you're looking for a trendy short term apartment rental in Glasgow, there are plenty of warehouse apartments and luxury apartments to rent. There are a wealth of reasons why you should visit - this city has upped its game in reinventing its reputation from being somewhat staid, and becoming the centre of Charles Rennie Mackintosh's design, the Celtic and Rangers football rivalry, and legendary clubs such as Sub Club and King Tut's Wah Wah Hut. This is a mere snippet of the things that are waiting to be discovered in this awesome Scottish city, all you have to do is find the perfect flat to rent in Glasgow city centre and you can explore to your heart's content. That is the main advantage of having all available offers of holiday accommodation in one place
What to do in Glasgow
Glasgow is quickly becoming a cultural capital in the UK, and lives and breathes artistic promise from its locals and visitors alike. You can find a great luxury apartment where you can visit all of the sights and relax at the end of the day. If you're looking for a trendy short term apartment rental in Glasgow, there are plenty of warehouse apartments. There are a wealth of reasons why you should visit - this city has upped its game in reinventing its reputation from being somewhat staid, and becoming the centre of Charles Rennie Mackintosh's design, the Celtic and Rangers football rivalry, and legendary clubs such as Sub Club and King Tut's Wah Wah Hut. This is a mere snippet of the things that are waiting to be discovered in this awesome Scottish city, all you have to do is find the perfect flat to rent in Glasgow city centre and you can explore to your heart's content. That is the main advantage of having all available offers of holiday accommodation in one place.
Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum: The most complete collection of both Scottish and international art.
Riverside Museum: Here you can see various vehicles in an ultra modern setting.
Gallery of Modern Art (GoMA): A Georgian mansion that has been converted into a cutting-edge art museum with many permanent and temporary exhibitions of modern and contemporary art.
Glasgow Cathedral: A stunning example of the Church of Scotland's wonderful architecture.
Glasgow Necropolis: Spooky but interesting - here you will encounter all of the graves and mausoleums of former Glaswegians of name and note.
The Lighthouse: Rennie Mackintosh's work that is now an exhibition space.
House for an Art Lover: Another one of Mackintosh's greats, that is now an arts centre and country home.
The Tall Ship: A restored sailing ship with maritime exhibitions dating back to the Victorian era.
Where to eat in Glasgow
Glasgow has plenty to offer in terms of its local gastronomy, and all of them are bound to be a stone's throw from your apartment in Glasgow thanks to its compact size. Our shortlist includes:
Ashton Lane: A cobbled street with character and bars and restaurants.
Taste Buchanan: Glasgow's answer to street food solutions and wonderful unique eateries in the city.


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Женя Гершман (, при рождении Евгения Георгиевна Гершман; род. 1975, Москва) — американская художница-портретист. Известна своими «драматическими монументальными портретами знаковых общественных и частных лиц» и интересом к истории искусства.

Ранний период жизни

Дед Жени Гершман — Михаил Матусовский, советский поэт-лирик, автор слов к песням «Подмосковные вечера», «Старый клён» и многим другим. Отец — Георгий Гершман, детский врач-гастроэнтеролог, лауреат Государственной премии СССР в области науки и техники (1986).

Свою первую персональную выставку Гершман провела в 14 лет в Ленинграде. Получила степень бакалавра искусств в  с отличием и степень магистра искусств в . Первым наставником Гершман был Орест Верейский, позже она училась под руководством .

Художница

Портреты Гершман представлены в государственных и частных коллекциях, включая собрания Дугласа Саймона, Ричарда Вайсмана (она включена в книгу «От Пикассо до Попа: Коллекция Ричарда Вайсмана») и Исследовательского института Дж. Пола Гетти. Портрет Стинга является частью постоянной коллекции музея Арте Аль Лимите, который должен открыться в 2017 году в Сантьяго GRAMMY MusiCares выбрала Гершман для создания портретов Брюса Спрингстина и Боба Дилана. Документальный фильм «Художник-модель» демонстрирует новаторский подход Гершман к работе с моделями. В 2000 году Гершман была лауреатом премии ALEX в области визуальных искусств от «Национального альянса» за «выдающиеся достижения, программы заслуженных ученых и художников», представленной арт-критиком  который, как цитируется, сказал:

Работы Гершман вызывают в памяти не только Уистлера и Сарджента, но и тех, у кого они черпали вдохновение, — Мане и Веласкеса — мастеров фигуры, которые по-своему избегали банальных буквальностей своих современников для представления, более верного капризам зрения, и (тем самым) динамике человеческого присутствия.

Прочее
Помимо своей художественной карьеры, Гершман является независимым ученым и музейным педагогом. Идентификация Гершман фигуры на картине Рембрандта «Даная» как возможного автопортрета обсуждалась в Le Monde.

Примечания

Ссылки
 A Palette as Deep as Memory, Arte Al Limite, May-June issue #72, 2015.
 Zhenya Gershman: Unveling the Artit's Muse, Huffington Post, 2015.
 International Artist Zhenya Gershman Exhibits «Larger Than Life» Celebrity Portraits, 1WMNTV, 2015.
 Joe Manganiello presents Zhenya Gershman Portrait as Valentine's Gift to Sofia Vergara, EXTRA TV, 2015.
 Joe Manganiello, Micky Dolenz, More Attend Larger Than Life Art Opening, Monsters and Critics, 2015.
 Rembrandt: Turn of the Key, Arion, 2014.
 Zhenya Gershman From Russia With Grotesquerie, Zocalo Public Square, 2012.

Художницы США
Художники-портретисты США
Художники США XXI века
Михаил Матусовский


War of the Rebellion: Serial 014 Page 0056 THE PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN, VA. Chapter XXIII.
Blenker, and send them by the shortest route to Strasburg. Upon the force joining you at Manassas from General Wadsworth, if matters be entirely quiet in front, you may at once proceed to Fort Monroe to assume command of the two divisions of your corps. Let General Blenker upon reaching Strasburg reports to General Banks for instructions.
I have given General Sumner discretionary orders to move two brigades of Blenker's to Strasburg to-morrow to report to you. Written instructions by mail.
Blenker is ordered to Fremont, but will remain a few days with you until affairs are settled in your front.
No. 99. Steamer Commodore, Potomac River, April 1, 1862.
3. By direction of the President, Brigadier General Louis Blenker, and the division under his command, will, at the earliest practicable moment, be relieved from duty with the Army of the Potomac and transferred to the Mountain Department. In the mean while General Blenker will receive special instructions for his guidance from General Sumner, who will immediately send two brigades of the division, under General Blenker, to Strasburg, to report to General Banks for temporary service, and upon being relieved by him to proceed to Winchester and report for instructions to the Adjutant-General of the Army. The remaining brigade, as soon as the troops drawn from the Railway Brigade, Colonel Miles, reach Manassas, will proceed by the shortest practicable route to rejoin General Blenker.
WARRENTON JUNCTION, April 2, 1862.


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Homeधार्मिक ग्रंथMahabharata English14. ASWAMEDHA PARVAChapter 47
"Brahmana said. 'The ancients who were utterers of certain truth, saythat Renunciation is penance. Brahmanas, dwelling in that which hasBrahman for its origin, understand Knowledge to be high Brahman.[143]Brahman is very far off, and its attainments depends upon a knowledge ofthe Vedas. It is free from all pairs of opposites, it is divested of allqualities; it is eternal; it is endued with unthinkable qualities: it issupreme. It is by knowledge and penance that those endued with wisdombehold that which is the highest. Verily, they that are of untaintedminds, that are cleansed of every sin, and that have transcended allpassion and darkness (succeed in beholding it). They who are alwaysdevoted to renunciation, and who are conversant with the Vedas, succeedin attaining to the supreme Lord who is identical with the path ofhappiness and peace, by the aid of penance. Penance, it has been said, islight. Conduct leads to piety. Knowledge is said to be the highest.Renunciation is the best penance. He who understands self throughaccurate determination of all topics, which is unperturbed, which isidentical with Knowledge, and which resides in all entities, succeeds ingoing everywhere. The learned man who beholds association, anddissociation, and unity in diversity, is released from misery. He whonever desires for anything, who despises nothing, becomes eligible, evenwhen dwelling in this world, for assimilation with Brahman. He who isconversant with the truths about qualities of Pradhana, and understandsthe Pradhana as existing in all entities who is free from mineness andegoism, without doubt becomes emancipated. He who is freed from all pairsof opposites, who does not bend his head to any body, who has transcendedthe rites of Swadha, succeeds by the aid of tranquillity alone inattaining to that which is free from pairs of opposites, which iseternal, and which is divested of qualities. Abandoning all action, goodor bad, developed from qualities, and casting off both truth andfalsehood, a creature, without doubt, becomes emancipated. Having theunmanifest for the seed of its origin, with the understanding for itstrunk, with the great principle of egoism for its assemblage of boughs,with the senses for the cavities of its little sprouts, with the (five)great elements for its large branches, the objects of the senses for itssmaller branches, with leaves that are ever present, with flowers thatalways adorn it and with fruits both agreeable and disagreeable alwaysproduced, is the eternal tree of Brahman which forms the support of allcreatures. Cutting and piercing that tree with knowledge of truth as thesword, the man of wisdom, abandoning the bonds which are made ofattachment and which cause birth, decrepitude and death, and freeinghimself from mineness and egoism, without doubt, becomes emancipated.These are the two birds, which are immutable, which are friends, andwhich should be known as unintelligent. That other who is different fromthese two is called the Intelligent. When the inner self, which isdestitute of knowledge of nature, which is (as it were) unintelligent,becomes conversant with that which is above nature, then, understandingthe Kshetra, and endued with an intelligence that transcends allqualities and apprehends everything, one becomes released from all sins.'"
ASWAMEDHA PARVAMahabharata English
सिआलकोट जाना – साखी श्री गुरु नानक देव जी


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Fleabag will keep mining comedy from tragedy for a second season
Esther Zuckerman
Phoebe Waller-Bridge believes she has come up with an idea that is "good enough" for second season of Fleabag, and thus it will come to fruition probably sometime in 2018. Speaking to Radio Times, the creator and star explained her hesitancy to expand on the near-perfect first batch of episodes that explored the self-destructive psyche of a woman dealing with powerful grief. She told the publication that she only wanted to embark on a follow-up if she had "an idea that was good enough," but added: "I think I have one." She is aiming to shoot it in November.
Waller-Bridge is at present preoccupied with playing a role in the Star Wars Han Solo spinoff, a project that is preventing the immediate return of now not one but two beloved television shows. Her co-star Donald Glover's Altanta also won't be back until next year. She is also working on a spy series for BBC America.
[via Uproxx]


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Richard Branson: What I've Learned
Mogul, 51, London
By Cal Fussman
If you're embarking around the world in a hot-air balloon, don't forget the toilet paper. Once, we had to wait for incoming faxes.
My interest in life comes from setting myself huge, apparently unachievable challenges and trying to rise above them.
Once we get comfortable as a company, I like to push the boat out again. My wife keeps saying, "Why? Why? You're fifty. Take it easy. Let's enjoy it." But I'm in a fairly unique position. Yesterday, the first of nine hundred new trains arrived in the UK and went into service. We are going to transform Britain's rail system from the worst in the world to the best. If you can do a few things like that, when the body gives out, you can say you've lived a good life. If I put all my money in the bank and drink myself to death in the Caribbean, I just think that would be a waste of the fantastic position I've found myself in.
Sex is as satisfying at fifty as it is at twenty. But that first groping sex at fifteen or sixteen? Nothing beats that.
When hiring somebody, I never ask to see a curriculum vitae. I feel that since I didn't have one myself, it would be a bit presumptuous to ask to see anyone else's.
I'll be the first one to make a fool of myself in any way if I think it'll help the party.
The only thing I hate is cigarettes the day after.
What do I love most about my wife? Her children. She's not likely to like that one, eh?
Children have the most fantastic binding effect on a relationship. Obviously, there are downs in a relationship. But for me, it just keeps getting stronger and stronger and stronger. Love really does grow.
The best advice I got from my dad? Wear a condom.
If you look for the best in your employees, they'll flourish. If you criticize or look for the worst, they'll shrivel up. We all need lots of watering.
Perhaps I have too many companies, too many possessions. But it's better than the reverse.
Hire people who will treat the switchboard operator as friendly as they'll treat the managing director.
When I graduated from Stowe, a big public school, my headmaster's parting words to me were: "Congratulations, Branson. I predict you will either go to prison or become a millionaire."
If you have a record company, don't put out crap. Sign bands that all of the staff believe in so that they'll work day and night to make them successful.
There was a lot to learn about starting Virgin Atlantic, so I asked Sir Freddie Laker whether he could help me. He gave me advice and then said, "Another thing, Richard, is the stress. I'm not kidding, you should have regular medical checkups." He said, "You need to go to the doctor and ask him to stick his finger up your bum. He'll be able to tell you what's what." Later, as Freddie was leaving, he turned to me and shouted, "One last word of advice, Richard: When you're bent over and the doctor's got his finger up your bum, make sure that he hasn't got both his hands on your shoulders!"
Create the best. The best hotels and clubs and airlines never go bankrupt. The best always succeeds.
Generally, when you meet a hero in life, you are disappointed. My impression of Nelson Mandela was enhanced.
Being circumcised at twenty-four is not a good idea, particularly if the night after the operation you find yourself watching Jane Fonda's erotic film Barbarella. Before I could stop myself, I had burst my stitches. Hearing my screaming, my first wife, Kristen, came running to see what the matter was. When she found out what happened, she was in stitches. I no longer was.
When taking a risk, make sure to protect the downside.
Bill Gates invited me to talk to thirty or forty chief executives from around the world. Just before I got up on stage, forms were handed out to everybody, and Gates said, "It's very important that all of us are tested in our lives. Richard's about to speak and I'd like you all to mark him 1 out of 10." Now, that intimidated me. I thought, Fuck, I thought I'd gotten out of school thirty-five years ago. I turned to the guy on my right -- I think he was the head of Amazon -- and said, "I'll give you a 10 if you give me a 10."
I've lived by the dangerous -- and sometimes rather foolish -- maxim that I'm prepared to try anything once.
Try to avoid falling out with people. The world is a very small place.
Monogamy? What's that?
Over the years, the parties have got bigger and bigger, but the theme is the same: glorious irresponsibility for the night.
Get your priorities right.
Published in the January 2002 issue.
Trump's Legal Team Previewed Impeachment Defense
The 'Times' Endorsement Reveals a Lot
Nat'l Archives Blurred Anti-Trump Protest Signs
Stephen Miller Is a Blight on the White House
The Climate Crisis Is Putting Crabs in Elevators
The President Is Talked About Like a Baby
Ken Starr Is Proof History Rhymes Absurdly
Water Is Free Until They Want to Sell It to You
Matt Gaetz Gets in Feud With Florida Republican
I Wouldn't Let Lev Parnas Park My Car
Senate Republicans Kill a Bill to Expand Veterans' Benefits
What Happens When the NSA Comes to Town
Richard Branson : P.T. Barnum for the 21st Century
This Is Video Proof of What Could Be the Fastest Muscle Car Ever
What a Bartender Should Be


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Taylor Swift Fans Unite to Support Delta Rae After Band Leaves Big Machine
Jeremy Burchard
Delta Rae via Vevo
Something positive is coming from all the controversy surrounding Big Machine Label Group, Scooter Braun and Taylor Swift. On Monday (July 1), country/folk pop sextet Delta Rae announced they left their label, Big Machine, to once again pursue music independently, and legions of Taylor Swift fans pledged their support.
Delta Rae shared the brief message in a tweet accompanied by a link to a Kickstarter campaign to independently fund their next album The Light. The tweet amassed more than 1,500 retweets and 5,000 favorites in the first few hours alone, also inspiring a barrage of comments from "Swifties" promising to stand behind them.
And they meant it:
Delta Rae set a budget goal of $30,000 to record The Light. Within the first twelve hours of the campaign, they raised nearly $100,000. As of this writing, and just over 24 full hours of campaign launch, Delta Rae has raised nearly $150,000 from more than 1,000 people. And the campaign still has 59 days left.
In the band's Kickstarter campaign, they share that they plan to release two albums titled The Light (in Spring 2020) and The Dark (in 2021) and that if they reached $60,000 they'd record both of them. For comparison, the last time Delta Rae used Kickstarter to raise money for an album, they received $28,000 from 293 backers. They eventually signed to an imprint of Warner Music, followed by signing with Big Machine Label Group in 2017.
"For the past seven years we have been signed to record labels that have helped fund our albums, music videos, photography, and artwork," Delta Rae write. "But as of last month, that has changed. We are incredibly excited to announce that we are independent once again."
The band also plans to tour extensively around the releases, "Crafting live experiences beyond just music, to bring these worlds to life for you." With funding likely to continue to grow over the next several weeks, Delta Rae could (and should) be one of the best turnaround stories in country music this year.
Many Swifties are also sharing the band's music, asking for the best way to get acquainted with them and encouraging others to listen to them. This tweet represents a message sent by dozens of Swift fans in the comments section of Delta Rae's Kickstarter announcement tweet:
Delta Rae likely knew they were departing Big Machine well before the controversy around the label's sale took place, but it's a strong statement from the band no less, and a victory for independent musicians.
10 Hottest Summer Songs of 2019:
Source: Taylor Swift Fans Unite to Support Delta Rae After Band Leaves Big Machine
Filed Under: Delta Rae, taylor swift


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There is an urgent need for improved access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services in Khulna City, Bangladesh. This project focused on Ward 10 of the city. A 2011 census estimates 30,000 people live in this ward but the SNV baseline assessment puts the actual number of residents closer to 100,000.The northern part of Ward 10 is mainly made up of low-income residents. Many of whom live in poorly-built structures that were meant for single occupancy but now house multiple families.
Over half these households have no access to a toilet or on-site sanitation facilities and of those that do, very few are known to safely empty their containment systems. Around 33% of households have sceptic tanks and less than 14% have pit latrines. Many of these are connected to surface drains which increase exposure to faecal contamination, particularly during the rainy season. Therefore even faecal sludge that is contained is eventually disposed of unsafely.
We worked in partnership with SNV to demonstrate market-based solutions to faecal sludge management (FSM) for low-income urban communities in south Bangladesh. The project provided support to the local authority, Khulna City Corporation (KCC). Our team conducted a feasibility assessment to develop the design of a financially workable pilot system at ward level.
The project started with a detailed field assessment of on-site WASH facilities in Ward 10, including their institutional and socio-economic elements. This formed the basis of a pilot plan for rehabilitating and maintaining existing infrastructure and services, and creating affordable new sanitation services in the ward.
The project also considered how institutional support could help shape long-term sustainable services. A financial analysis of costs and a business model were developed for KCC. The project provides a blueprint that can be replicated and further developed in other wards in Khulna, and other cities in Bangladesh.
We designed plans for an FSM pilot project and business model for SNV and KCC in the city of Khulna.
The pilot project was designed to test FSM treatment technology and improve FSM services at ward level. It includes monitoring and iterative improvements to the system so it could serve as a blueprint for other wards of the city.


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Panicky Retirees: 3 Stable RRSP Stocks Yielding up to 6.7%
The Motley Fool Canada » Cannabis Stocks » Buy This 1 Weed Stock Instead of Aurora Cannabis (TSX:ACB)
Buy This 1 Weed Stock Instead of Aurora Cannabis (TSX:ACB)
Andrew Button | July 6, 2019 | More on: ACB APHA ACB APHA
Aurora Cannabis Inc (TSX:ACB)(NYSE:ACB) has long been one of Canada's most popular weed stocks. Second only to Canopy Growth by revenue and market cap, it's a major producer with a lot of weight to throw around. In its most recent quarter, the company grew its revenue by 305%–an impressive feat given that it was already one of the largest marijuana producers a year prior.
However, ACB is facing some issues that may make it a poor bet going forward. In addition to being one of the more expensive marijuana stocks by sales and book value, it's also running ever-larger losses from operations. Granted, most weed producers are in the same boat. But for Aurora, the combination of a nosebleed valuation and mounting losses is becoming hard to ignore.
Fortunately, if you're looking to invest in marijuana, there's another option out there. A previously small player that's rapidly growing and is now within striking distance of Aurora's revenue. This company grew its sales by a blistering 617% year over year in its most recent quarter, and its acquisitions are starting to pay off.
The name of the company? Aphria Inc (TSX:APHA)(NYSE:APHA).
About Aphria
Aphria is a marijuana producer with a strong focus on the medical side of the cannabis industry. Unlike Canopy and Aurora, however, it hasn't fared overly well with recreational cannabis, with a 35% decline in recreational sales in its most recent quarter. But what the company missed on recreational, it more than made up for in medical: the company saw a 64% increase in medical cannabis produced in the nine months ended February 28th.
Additionally, the company added about $50 million in new distribution revenue from its subsidiaries CC Pharma and ABH, which serves to demonstrate that Aphria's acquisition strategy actually is paying off, contrary to the claims of short-seller research reports stating that the company was spending exorbitant amounts of money on virtually nothing.
One of the cheapest weed stocks
One of the most interesting things about Aphria is that despite being one of the fastest-growing weed stocks, it's also one of the cheapest. To an extent, this is to be expected: marijuana is a hype-driven industry, and Aphria just doesn't get the kind of press as that of Canopy or Aurora. However, it's still incredible just how cheap this stock is compared to some of its peers.
In an industry where price-to-sales ratios in the high 60s are common, Aphria trades at about 19 times sales and only 1.3 times book value. Granted, that price-to-sales ratio is high for most stocks; however, it's low compared to other marijuana stocks.
In addition, Aphria has managed to eke out profits in past quarters, a milestone that its larger competitors were slow to reach. These and other factors make Aphria one of the most dependable weed stocks out there.
Fool contributor Andrew Button has no position in any of the stocks mentioned.