text:
Indonesia's Forgotten Bloodbath
Cold War Crime and Cover-Up
The Killing Season: A History of the Indonesian Massacres, 1965-66
By Geoffrey B. Robinson
"Forgetting the past was easy to do in Indonesia," wrote Barack Obama in his 2006 book, The Audacity of Hope. When the future U.S. president was six years old, he moved to Jakarta with his mother, who had married an Indonesian man. They arrived in 1967, shortly after what the adult Obama would describe as "a massive purge of communists and their sympathizers," when "between 500,000 and one million people were slaughtered." Obama's mother later insisted that they never would have gone to Indonesia if she had known about the massacres. His stepfather, who had been drafted into the Indonesian army, said that "some things were best forgotten."
Few Americans have any awareness of what happened in Indonesia. Standard histories of the Cold War pay the country only cursory attention. (The historian Odd Arne Westad's recent book, The Cold War: A World History, is a distinguished exception to that rule.) Today, with Asia central to world politics, what was once dismissed as the strategic periphery has become the core. But most Americans are ill equipped to understand the region and the role their country has played there.
In The Killing Season, an authoritative and harrowing account of the massacres in Indonesia and their aftermath, Geoffrey Robinson seeks to recover this episode from historical oblivion. Robinson, a history professor at the University of California, Los Angeles, who previously worked for Amnesty International, tempers his indignation with scholarly rigor. Confronted with a void, he fills it with archival citations. What emerges is a scathing and persuasive indictment of the Indonesian military and the foreign powers—especially the United States and the United Kingdom—that were complicit in the brutality.
THE DESCENT INTO VIOLENCE
During the Cold War, Indonesia—the fourth most populous country in the world—became an irresistible prize for the United States, China, and the Soviet Union. As these powers vied for influence, they deepened existing divisions within the country. On the right, there was Indonesia's reactionary army, as well as nationalist and Islamist parties, which often had their own militias. On the left was a behemoth, the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI), which boasted some 3.5 million members, as well as 20 million people who belonged to organizations aligned with it. The PKI was the third-largest communist party in the world, behind only those ruling China and the Soviet Union. By the mid-1960s, the United States and the United Kingdom feared that Indonesia was about to go communist.
The carnage began on October 1, 1965, when a group of junior Indonesian army officers killed six generals. The army's remaining chiefs, led by Major General Suharto, claimed that the killings were part of a Communist-backed coup attempt. They then unleashed what Robinson describes as an "awful juggernaut of arbitrary detention, interrogation, torture, mass killing, and political exile," systematically wiping out those branded as Communists or Communist sympathizers. Right-wing militias, death squads, and armed civilians often participated, too. Alleged association with the wrong group—regardless of the truth—was grounds for arrest or execution. President Sukarno's leftist government was swept away in the onslaught, and Suharto and the generals seized power. Robinson conservatively estimates that by the time the military assault ended, just over six months later, as many as half a million people had been killed. An additional million had been thrown into arbitrary detention or packed off to penal colonies and labor camps. All told, Robinson concludes, the campaign represents "one of the largest and swiftest, yet least examined instances of mass killing and incarceration in the twentieth century."
DISPELLING THE MYTHS
After 1966, Suharto's regime, eerily called the New Order, tried to shrug off the massacres as a popular uprising against the Communists rather than a coordinated military assault. Emphasizing the role of militias and local death squads, officials claimed that the violence was the spontaneous product of communal conflict.
Robinson dispenses with that myth. Drawing on Indonesian primary sources, he catalogs the brutality in haunting and gruesome detail and breaks down 50 years of official whitewash to reveal the army's central role in the massacres. These chapters are unbearable to read. Robinson shows that there was nothing banal or impersonal about the extermination of humans whom one Indonesian army officer called "less than animals." People were shot, decapitated, throttled, clubbed to death, gutted with bamboo spears, or slashed apart with knives, machetes, swords, or ice picks. Before being killed, women were often raped. Torture was routine. Guards would beat prisoners with clubs or electric cables, crush their toes, break their fingers, burn them with cigarettes, or deliver electric shocks. Some prisoners were forced to observe the torture of their spouses or children.
As in better-known cases of mass atrocity, such as those in Bosnia, Rwanda, and Syria, the horror in Indonesia was not the inevitable result of ethnic grievances or socioeconomic strife but a well-organized, systematic campaign carried out by political authorities. Robinson persuasively argues that without the Indonesian army to provide training, organization, and encouragement, individuals with parochial grudges could never have inflicted such widespread devastation. Although midlevel authorities had some discretion in choosing their methods, grisly patterns found throughout the country imply institutional repertoires of violence: decapitation, castration, the public exhibition of body parts and corpses, and particular forms of torture were all common. Local militia forces were almost always working either under the command of the army or with its blessing. And the army supplied ideological justifications for the killings by dehumanizing accused Communists as "devils," "whores," "terrorists," "animals," and—particularly salient for some Islamist militias—"atheists."
A statue of Suharto in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, March 2014
Dwi Oblo / Reuters
WESTERN RESPONSIBILITY
But the Indonesian army was not the only responsible party. The Killing Season also harshly condemns Western powers: Robinson argues that in Indonesia, "the United States and its allies aided and abetted crimes against humanity, possibly including genocide."
In backing up that grave accusation, Robinson provides less a smoking gun than a kind of smoldering miasma. For one thing, the book contains few quotes from top White House officials and none from U.S. President Lyndon Johnson. The loquacious president's silence here is notable when compared with his depiction in other histories of this period, such as Fredrik Logevall's classic account of U.S. escalation in Vietnam, Choosing War, which shared ample direct evidence of Johnson's thinking. But what Robinson does reveal is sordid enough.
In April 1965, the U.S. ambassador in Jakarta wrote to Johnson that Washington should give the army and other anti-Sukarno forces "the most favorable conditions for confrontation"; it's not clear how or if the president responded. When the killing began, the CIA informed Johnson that it favored a broad crackdown on the Indonesian Communists, and he apparently did not object, according to Robinson. Around this time, British and U.S. officials made secret assurances to a top Indonesian general that they would not interfere in the country's domestic affairs. Even as the atrocities worsened, the Johnson administration offered no criticism. In November 1965, the U.S. deputy chief of mission in Jakarta told a senior Indonesian army officer that the Johnson administration was "generally sympathetic with and admiring of what [the] Army [is] doing." Despite its brutality, the army's campaign was met with enthusiasm in the Johnson administration: Undersecretary of State George Ball told Vice President Hubert Humphrey that if "the PKI is cleaned up . . . we will have a new day in Indonesia."
Johnson's team also spun the Washington press. Ball told James Reston of The New York Times that the Indonesian army had the "strength to wipe the earth with the PKI and if they don't, they may not have another chance." These actions met with no evident resistance from other parts of the administration. (In comparison, in 1971, U.S. diplomats in East Pakistan [now Bangladesh] risked their careers to oppose U.S. President Richard Nixon and National Security Adviser Henry Kissinger's support for a Pakistani military junta that was massacring Bengalis.)
Robinson spares no one, but his indictment is nuanced and rises above Cold War passions. He finds no evidence that the United States or the CIA orchestrated the coup attempt or the massacres. He doubts that a small CIA station could manage such devastation, and he is wary of exonerating the Indonesian army leadership and local murderers. Furthermore, Robinson repeatedly criticizes the charismatic Sukarno and other militant nationalists for dangerously escalating the country's tensions. In 1959, Sukarno had decried parliamentary democracy as a foreign implant that was alien to Indonesian culture and had installed an authoritarian "guided democracy." Although the country was nominally nonaligned, Sukarno veered leftward—particularly as Mao's China, on the brink of its Cultural Revolution, galvanized revolutionaries across Asia. To rally the public, Sukarno campaigned to crush the new country of Malaysia, which had been created from former British colonial territories in what he saw as a neoimperialist attempt to throttle Indonesia. In a 1965 speech, he declared, "We are now fostering an anti-imperialist axis—the Jakarta–Phnom Penh–Hanoi–Peking–Pyongyang axis."
In criticizing the United States and its allies, Robinson also points out that they were responding to Soviet military aid to Sukarno and growing Chinese influence. China, in particular, had backed Sukarno's campaign against Malaysia and offered to help him develop nuclear weapons. Zhou Enlai, Mao's premier, offered the PKI 100,000 light arms to help it develop a militia force that would arm some 21 million workers and peasants. As the historian Taomo Zhou has shown, in 1963, the Chinese premier included the PKI in a meeting with Communist leaders from Southeast Asia, exhorting them to "go deep into the countryside, prepare for armed struggle, and establish base camps." All this Chinese bluster, Robinson contends, while more show than substance, emboldened Sukarno and the PKI to challenge the army.
Still, Robinson's main complaint is with the United States, the United Kingdom, and their allies, which had been pressing the Indonesian army to smash Sukarno and the Communists for years. After 1958, when the Soviets extended massive military aid to Indonesia, U.S. officials began funneling smaller amounts of support to the Indonesian army, which the Joint Chiefs of Staff described as "the only non-communist force in Indonesia with the capability of obstructing the progress of the PKI toward domination of the country." As China ramped up its support of Sukarno, the United States started covertly funding and aiding anticommunists—including an Islamist party whose members proved particularly brutal during the killing campaign.
Worse yet, even after the mass killing began, the United States provided political support and modest amounts of covert assistance to the Indonesian military. And after Suharto seized power, in March 1966, the United States and the United Kingdom gave him ample aid, including military support. Soon after, the Australian prime minister, Harold Holt, cruelly joked to a New York audience, "With 500,000 to one million Communist sympathizers knocked off, I think it is safe to assume a reorientation has taken place."
Obama and Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono in Jakarta, November 2010
Jason Reed / Reuters
DOOMED TO REPEAT?
Mass atrocity is almost always followed by denial, and Indonesia is an especially bleak case in point. Suharto's regime remained unrepentantly dedicated to stamping out any remaining leftists and repressing the subjugated provinces of Aceh, East Timor, and West Papua. Under his rule, Indonesia jailed a staggering number of political prisoners, and the New Order added hundreds of thousands of killings to its ledger.
Even after Suharto resigned, in 1998, in response to nationwide protests and the Asian financial crisis, Indonesia continued to bury its past. Unlike in Argentina, Bosnia, Germany, and South Africa, there have been no war crimes trials, truth commissions, or even monuments to the dead. While some brave Indonesian scholars, activists, and journalists have spoken up, the slaughter has been consigned to oblivion—thanks in part to Western governments with bad consciences.
Robinson accuses U.S. officials, such as the ambassador in Jakarta and the CIA station chief there, of publishing deceitful accounts that whitewashed American responsibility. And for decades, the U.S. government refused or ducked requests to declassify relevant documents under the Freedom of Information Act. In 2017, under pressure from historians, activists, and Tom Udall, a Democratic senator from New Mexico, the government finally released 30,000 pages of records from the U.S. embassy in Jakarta from 1964 to 1968. The glacial pace of declassification is an affront to the victims, an impediment to accountable democratic governance, and a gift for conspiracy theorists. (It is also routine. I'm still waiting on a mandatory declassification review request related to U.S. policy toward Bangladesh that I filed six years ago with the Nixon Presidential Library.)
The United States is not the only country concealing things. As Robinson argues, it is high time for Indonesia to open up its own archives and hold war crimes trials for those implicated. China also keeps its foreign policy decisions shrouded in darkness. Although Beijing briefly declassified some Foreign Ministry papers from this period in 2008, authorities reclassified the bulk of that material in 2013. Chinese scholars worry about the political risks of trying to dig up dirt.
The findings of Robinson's painstaking scholarship may shock those accustomed to triumphal readings of the Cold War, but Robinson provides a more accurate, if less inspirational, perspective on U.S. policy. The fall of the Soviet empire was a historic victory for liberty, but that is all the more reason to look hard at the United States' darker deeds during the Cold War: devastating wars in Korea, Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia; support for bloodstained governments in countries such as Argentina, Brazil, Iran, South Africa, and Zaire (present-day Congo); covert backing for coups in Iran and Guatemala; and complicity in campaigns of mass violence in Indonesia and East Pakistan.
More than 50 years after the massacres in Indonesia, the United States remains a country that rarely takes responsibility for past transgressions.
The United States has done little to memorialize or make amends for these dire chapters of its history. There is no prospect of a truth commission for the Cold War. Obama, marked by his early experiences in Indonesia, was unusually forthcoming. In a momentous visit to Jakarta in 2010, he made only an oblique reference to "violence and killing," which "was largely unknown to [him] because it was unspoken by [his] Indonesian family and friends." But in the spring of 2016, he told The Atlantic's Jeffrey Goldberg, "We have history in Iran, we have history in Indonesia and Central America." Around that time, Obama paid a somber visit to a memorial to the victims of the U.S.-backed military dictatorship in Argentina. In September 2016, he acknowledged the civilians killed in the secret U.S. war in Laos, although he stopped short of apologizing. Republicans called these actions unpatriotic.
More than 50 years after the massacres in Indonesia, the United States remains a country that rarely takes responsibility for past transgressions, devotes little effort to educating its citizens about foreign countries or its historical entanglements abroad, and has a political system that rewards ill-informed and belligerent candidates. All those flaws have congealed in the squalid presidency of Donald Trump, who is more openly contemptuous of human rights than any president since Nixon—and lacks any of Nixon's strategic vision. Trump has expressed admiration for authoritarian leaders such as Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, North Korean leader Kim Jong Un, Russian President Vladimir Putin, and Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan. He publicly applauded Saudi Arabia's "strong action" in Yemen without mentioning the thousands of civilians killed by its bombs. And he praised Rodrigo Duterte, the brutal president of the Philippines, for an "unbelievable job on the drug problem"—explicitly supporting the alleged extrajudicial killings of over 7,000 people, a campaign that Human Rights Watch says could amount to crimes against humanity. It seems likely that Trump will echo some of the worst offenses of his predecessors—and commit some new ones of his own.
GARY J. BASS is Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University and the author of The Blood Telegram: Nixon, Kissinger, and a Forgotten Genocide.
More By Gary J. Bass


text:
module GigsHelper
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Response to Royal London Statement
FINANCIAL AND CORPORATE
Background to the process and engagement with Royal London to date
LV= undertook the sale of its General Insurance business in 2018 and 2019 in response to the need to improve its capital position. Following the sale, LV= was left with a sub-scale life insurance business that required investment in IT modernisation, business operational improvements, product development and customer service.
As part of our proposal to convert to a company limited by guarantee, we explained to our members that we were considering options to create two separate funds in order to give our business more flexibility to grow and prosper, without our With-Profits members having to bear the burden of future investment.
Against this backdrop, the Board of LV= initiated a strategic review in early 2020. The strategic review considered:
(i) continuing to operate LV= on a 'business as usual' basis;
(ii) closure to new business and distributing the Inherited Estate to members over time; and
(iii) an external transaction with a strategic partner which would de-risk existing With-profits members from the risks of future investment.
The strategic review concluded that an external transaction offered members the best possible outcome. Throughout this strategic review and the subsequent process, LV= kept both the FCA and PRA fully updated on its progress including full details of the proposals received from third parties.
As part of exploring an external transaction, the Board led a structured, competitive auction process with a timetable applying to all parties invited to participate in the process. This resulted in the receipt of 12 indicative, non-binding proposals. Of these, four parties were invited to participate in more detailed discussions with LV= about a possible transaction and were provided with access to confidential information to carry out due diligence and substantially reduce conditionality in their proposals. This resulted in LV= receiving three offers of which one was materially lower from a value perspective. The two remaining parties were Bain Capital and Royal London and both were asked to clarify certain aspects of their proposals, advance their outstanding due diligence and submit a best and final binding offer.
In comparing the final proposals from Bain Capital and Royal London, the Board of LV=, taking advice from the With-Profits Committee, the With-Profits Actuary and its advisers, unanimously concluded that Bain Capital offered the best outcome for LV= members. The Board continues to recommend members vote in favour of the transaction for the following reasons:
Bain Capital offered £530 million for LV='s non-profit business and would also assume all material historic and future liabilities in respect of the non-profit business. Bain Capital also offered a perpetual fixed rate card for both administration and investment management.
Royal London offered a marginally higher headline value of £540 million. However, unlike Bain Capital, Royal London was proposing to leave material liabilities in respect of the non-profit business with LV='s With-Profit Fund. Additionally, Royal London's proposal included higher and less certain administration and investment management costs. Reflecting these differences, the value offered by Royal London was lower than the value offered by Bain Capital, on a comparable basis.
Therefore, the Board of LV= concluded that Bain Capital offered greater value to LV= members when compared on a like-for-like basis and would result in greater and more certain pay-outs to members, on a more accelerated basis.
Bain Capital submitted a final offer which was substantially complete from a due diligence perspective and provided execution certainty.
Royal London's proposal had material due diligence outstanding which could have further impacted value and / or risk to LV= members.
The Board of LV= was surprised and disappointed that Royal London declined LV='s request to progress its due diligence investigations during the final stages of the process. In contrast to the position of other bidders in the process and general market practice, Royal London insisted that it did not wish to incur the additional marginal cost ahead of being granted exclusivity. This was not a request that LV='s Board could accept as it would have significantly weakened its negotiation position with Royal London and would have involved terminating discussions with other parties who ultimately put forward a better and more certain transaction to the benefit of LV= and its members.
Investment in LV= and building on its heritage:
Bain Capital is committed to investing in and supporting the growth of the LV= new business franchise and brand. As mentioned in Bain Capital's announcement yesterday, it is committed to investing up to £160 million as part of its go-forward plan for LV=.
By contrast, Royal London's proposal would have resulted in the rationalisation of our operations and significant headcount reductions which were positioned as an important element of value creation for Royal London. Additionally, no commitment was offered with respect to our office locations in Exeter and Hitchin. Consistent with its precedent acquisitions of other mutuals, Royal London would have likely extracted material value from LV= for the benefit of Royal London's own members1. The most recent press statement by Royal London proposing a three-way transaction with Bain Capital underlines its lack of interest in supporting LV='s new business franchise and its intentions to break-up LV=.
Bain Capital is proposing to structure the transaction as a full acquisition of the non-profit business into a separate fund open to new business. The LV= With-Profit Fund will receive the purchase consideration of £530 million and become a closed ring-fenced fund, protected from the risks associated with the existing and new non-profit business and operated solely for the benefit of LV= With-profits members. It will also have oversight from a dedicated supervisory committee.
Royal London's proposal would have similarly transferred LV='s With-profits business into a closed ring-fenced sub-fund of the group with the non-profit business transferred to the Royal London main fund. However, unlike Bain Capital, Royal London was proposing to leave material liabilities in respect of the non-profit business with LV='s With-Profit Fund and it was not willing to offer a dedicated supervisory committee to safeguard the interests of LV='s With-profits members. Importantly, Royal London's proposal would not have resulted in LV= members having any membership rights in the enlarged mutual group, consistent with its precedent acquisitions of other mutuals2. To describe Royal London's proposal as offering 'a mutual alternative, more favourable to LV= members', is grossly misleading.
The Board confirms that an e-mail was received from Royal London last week, being almost a full year after our transaction with Bain Capital was announced. It proposed the dismantling of LV=. The Board of LV= continues to unanimously recommend the transaction with Bain Capital to its members ahead of the Special General Meeting on 10 December. We invite our members to attend the two webinars organised for Monday 29 November in order to learn more about our proposals as well as the three Q&A sessions that we have planned for Monday 22 November, Friday 3 December and Monday 6 December which are an opportunity to ask questions to our Chair, CEO, Bain Capital and the Independent Expert. Full details and sign-up are available at www.lv.com/future.
Despite having every opportunity, Royal London failed to submit a superior best and final offer, and therefore the Board unanimously concluded that the better value, certainty, investment and structure of Bain Capital's proposal would be in the best interests of our members.
The Board of LV= is clear that at no point have any of Royal London's proposals included an offer for membership rights or continuation of mutuality for LV= members, contrary to media speculation. Given this context, the Board of LV= believes it is unfair and misleading to characterise any proposal from Royal London as preserving mutuality or offering a real mutual alternative.
We are also surprised and disappointed by the timing of Royal London's intervention, which comes more than a year after we terminated our confidential discussions and is seeking to destabilise the conclusions of our comprehensive strategic review, in close proximity to what is a very important vote for our members.
Given our Special General Meeting on 10 December, we are seeking to clear up the fog for our members and remove all the uncertainty and confusion that has been created for our members ahead of what is a very important vote. The Board of LV= continues to unanimously recommend the transaction with Bain Capital to its members ahead of the Special General Meeting on 10 December.
Alan CookChairman of LV=
The proposed transaction with Bain Capital continues to represent the best outcome for members given its attractive valuation and the enhanced and accelerated pay-outs to LV= members, the certainty offered by removing any business risk from the With-Profit Fund, the release of capital to support LV='s defined benefit pension scheme liabilities and repay LV='s debt whilst also distributing value to members and the on-going investment by Bain Capital in LV='s franchise and brand. These attributes are far superior to any proposal received from other third parties, including Royal London.
The Board therefore continue to unanimously recommend to LV= members to vote in favour of the proposed transaction with Bain Capital.
David BarralSenior Independent Director of LV=
1. Following the acquisition of Royal Liver, Royal London recognised a one-off gain on acquisition of £97 million in its financial results the following year. Following the acquisition of the Co-operative, Royal London recognised a one-off gain on acquisition of £150 million in its financial results the following year.
2. As part of Royal London's acquisition of Royal Liver, Co-operative and Police Mutual, no membership rights were offered to the members of the acquired mutual organisation.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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text:
Q: Remove occurrence of string in php i'm beginning in PHP and i try to remove all occurrence of a string. My string is something like that.
'This is [a test] try [it]'

What i'm trying to do is remove all occurrence of the [] with the text inside the square bracket.
I want the results to be something like:
'This is try'

.
How can i achieve that?

A: You could use preg_replace function.
preg_replace('~\[[^\]]*\]~', '', $string);

[^\]]* negated character class which matches any character but not of a closing bracket ], zero or more times.
Add an extra trim function to remove the leading or trailing spaces from the resultant string.
$string = 'This is [a test] try [it]';
$result =  preg_replace('~\[[^\]]*\]~', '', $string);
echo trim($result, " ");

A: You can try this:
$myString = 'This is [a test] try [it]';
$myString = preg_replace('/\[[\w ]+\] */', '', $myString);
var_dump($myString);

Explanations:
/\[[\w ]+\]/g
 \[ matches the character [ literally
 [\w ]+ match a single character present in the list below
    Quantifier: + Between one and unlimited times, as many times as possible, giving back as needed [greedy]
    \w match any word character [a-zA-Z0-9_]
    ' ' the literal character ' '
 \] matches the character ] literally

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Pick your template before buying your pumpkin so you can be sure to get one that is the right size and shape for the design you want to create.
To transfer the design, tape or pin your printed template to the pumpkin. You may need to trim the paper and/or make small cuts in it to get it to lie flat.
Score the design into the skin by poking small holes through the paper with a nail or other sturdy tool, like a knitting needle, skewer, or old ballpoint pen. The holes should be about 1/8 of an inch apart, although more precise details will need a finer touch. If reaching over the table to punch the holes is tiring, hold the pumpkin in your lap.
After you have created your guide holes, remove the pattern. If the holes are hard to see, rub a little flour, baking powder or unscented baby powder into the holes to make them more visible.
The best carving tool is a special (and inexpensive) pumpkin cutter, but you can also use a serrated kitchen knife. Whatever you choose, it's often best to hold your tool like a pen, keeping it perpendicular to the surface of the pumpkin.
To avoid breaking off sections of the pumpkin, start cutting at the center of your design and work outwards.
Use a gentle sawing motion to slowly and carefully cut along the dotted guide lines. Use only light pressure -- don't force it. For curves, you need to only slightly turn the tool, and for sharp angles, create a new cut.
Gently push the pieces out with your fingers, or push them through to the inside of the pumpkin with your fingers or a blunt pencil (or the eraser side of a pencil, depending on the size of the space). For larger pieces, you may want to cut larger pieces into smaller sections before removal.
You can reattach a section that has been accidentally cut out or broken off by using a toothpick or two on the fleshy side of the pumpkin to pin it back in place.
Not every cut has to be straight through to the middle! Create a glow effect by trimming away only some of the outside layer of the pumpkin. Varying the thickness of the skin will alter the amount of light that shines through. Use a screwdriver, spoon or potato peeler to create these gradations. Also try acutely angling your cuts so the inner light reflects off the sides of the hole instead of shining straight through.


This blog began as an attempt to apply deliberate practice, a theory about how to improve learning, to my artwork. I wanted to become a much better artist and, as a fresh retiree from education, I thought I could use deliberate practice to speed up my growth.
I was diligent for some time but over the past three years have settled into painting mostly without doing the work required by using deliberate learning. I suppose it might make sense to choose a different name for my blog, but I still have hopes for using it, and I still like the name so I will keep it for now.
You are inspiring! I am starting to sketch again with the goal to improve ('just finished one this morning!). I just wish I have more time! Thanks for sharing your process of learning in each of your posts–I keep them in mind.
Thanks, it was so hard to find time for sketching before I retired. Sympathies for the time issue!
Sarah- I love the thoughtfulness of your site and artwork. Now that you have been at it (deliberate practice) for a year+, do you think it's working? Are you more satisfied with your sketches and progress? As an artist and educator, I'm very curious about your approach. Thanks for sharing your journey.
I am so sorry that I miss your comment. Except that it seems unlikely, I would claim your comment just now appeared in my queue! I enjoy your blog and am excited you read mine. It is a little late, but here is a reply.
On the technical side I am clearly making progress and believe it accelerated when I started taking classes this past fall. A look back into my blog and further back into my sketchbooks makes me confident I have grown. As far as communicating an idea with images, I think I am still at the same level and am looking for a breakthrough.
Writing down a question or goal to work on helps me. I put it on a white board just as I did when I taught. When I follow through, stay focused and then examine the outcome and force myself to give words to what I did and what I think about it, I feel it makes me more observant and more fluent.
Thanks Sarah– I appreciate hearing more about how your approach is working for you.


text:
Ellected Ep. 14 - Lana Bentley
Welcome to Ellected – the podcast about women in politics, by women in politics, and for anyone who supports women in politics.
In Episode 14 of Ellected, Sarah talks with Lana Bentley, a registered social worker who just wrapped up an unsuccessful bid to be on Calgary city council. Lana and Sarah delve into the recent revelation of alleged sexual misconduct by a Calgary City Councillor who ran for re-election, and won by only 100 votes. They discuss the need for systemic change in politics and policing are often talked about but result in less frequent change.
Lana Bentley is a registered social worker with a bachelor's and master's degree in social work from the University of Calgary. She spent much of the early years of her career working in the area of mental health as a family and group therapist. She has taught in the post-secondary system for nearly ten years. Her passion for effecting change led her to pursue leadership positions in healthcare and human services where she worked her way up from the supervisory level to her current role as a director.
Most recently, Lana ran in the Ward 6 city council race. She came second with 9,400 votes. Over the years, Lana has been involved with housing initiatives, mentorship for young professionals, domestic violence prevention efforts, and free drop-in counselling programs. Lana is committed to ensuring our community is safe and accessible for all.
Ellected Ep. 13 - Asia Walker
THE BRIEFING NOTE 03/12/22
Ellected Ep. 15 - Dr. Eliana Castillo


text:
Q: How to adjust the the plots in a column I have two plots p1, p2 How to reduce the size of the plot p2 such that it's heigh should be small compared to p1. And also I am interested in putting a common label for both the plots for the x-axis, and it should be in the p2 plot?
p1 = Plot[Sin[3*\[Pi]*x], {x, 0, 1}, Frame -> True, PlotRange -> All];
p2 = Plot[Sin[1*\[Pi]*x], {x, 0, 1}, Frame -> True, PlotRange -> All];
Column[{p1, p2}, Spacings -> 0]

A: Try this:
p1 = Plot[Sin[3*\[Pi]*x], {x, 0, 1}, Frame -> True, PlotRange -> All,
   FrameTicks -> {{All, None}, {None, None}},
   ImageSize -> {300, Automatic}];
p2 = Plot[Sin[1*\[Pi]*x], {x, 0, 1}, Frame -> True, PlotRange -> All,
   AspectRatio -> 1/3, ImageSize -> {333, Automatic}];
GraphicsColumn[{p1, p2}, Spacings -> -61]

and play with the AspectRatio, ImageSize for p2 and Spacings for the GraphicsColunmn, to obtain the relation between two images that you need.
Have fun!


text:
Q: Hadoop wordcount unable to run - need help on decoding the hadoop error message I need some help on figuring out why my job failed.  I built a single
node cluster just to try it out. I followed the example here.
Everything seems to be working correctly.  I formatted the namenode and am able to connect to the jobtracker, datanode, and namenode via the web interface.  I am able to start and stop all the hadoop services.
However, when I try to run the wordcount example, I get this:
Error initializing attempt_201105161023_0002_m_000011_0:
java.io.IOException: Exception reading file:/app/hadoop/tmp/mapred/local/ttprivate/taskTracker/hadoop/jobcache/job_201105161023_0002/jobToken
    at org.apache.hadoop.security.Credentials.readTokenStorageFile(Credentials.java:135)
    at org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.security.TokenCache.loadTokens(TokenCache.java:163)
    at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.TaskTracker.initializeJob(TaskTracker.java:1064)
    at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.TaskTracker.localizeJob(TaskTracker.java:1001)
    at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.TaskTracker.startNewTask(TaskTracker.java:2161)
    at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.TaskTracker$TaskLauncher.run(TaskTracker.java:2125)
Caused by: java.io.FileNotFoundException: File file:/app/hadoop/tmp/mapred/local/ttprivate/taskTracker/hadoop/jobcache/job_201105161023_0002/jobToken does not exist.
    at org.apache.hadoop.fs.RawLocalFileSystem.getFileStatus(RawLocalFileSystem.java:371)
    at org.apache.hadoop.fs.FilterFileSystem.getFileStatus(FilterFileSystem.java:245)
    at org.apache.hadoop.fs.ChecksumFileSystem$ChecksumFSInputChecker.<init>(ChecksumFileSystem.java:125)
    at org.apache.hadoop.fs.ChecksumFileSystem.open(ChecksumFileSystem.java:283)
    at org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem.open(FileSystem.java:400)
    at org.apache.hadoop.security.Credentials.readTokenStorageFile(Credentials.java:129)
    ... 5 more

I created the directory on local file system.
$ sudo mkdir /app/hadoop/tmp
$ sudo chown hadoop:hadoop /app/hadoop/tmp

I also modified core-site.xml:
<!-- In: conf/core-site.xml -->
<property>
  <name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>
  <value>/app/hadoop/tmp</value>
  <description>A base for other temporary directories.</description>
</property>

When I format the namenode, it creates the subdirectory on both local
and HDFS successfully.
When I look at the result of the failed wordcount output, the error
message complains about an I/O error, on file
/app/hadoop/tmp/mapred/local/ttprivate/taskTracker/hadoop/jobcache/
job_201105161023_0002/jobToken
I did some troubleshooting and can browse to this jobToken file on the
local file system, no problem.  The content is something like HDTS MapReduce.job 201105161023_0002
So is it a permission issue?  I made hadoop process user able to write to all the subdirectories and it was able to create the file.  So what else can be wrong?
Some more detailed output from the command line:
hadoop@jonathan-VirtualBox:/usr/local/hadoop/hadoop-0.20.203.0$ bin/hadoop jar hadoop-examples-0.20.203.0.jar wordcount app/download app/output4
11/05/16 13:38:56 INFO input.FileInputFormat: Total input paths to process : 3
11/05/16 13:39:05 INFO mapred.JobClient: Running job: job_201105161222_0003
11/05/16 13:39:06 INFO mapred.JobClient:  map 0% reduce 0%
11/05/16 13:39:17 INFO mapred.JobClient: Task Id : attempt_201105161222_0003_m_000004_0, Status : FAILED
Error initializing attempt_201105161222_0003_m_000004_0:
java.io.IOException: Exception reading file:/app/hadoop/tmp/mapred/local/ttprivate/taskTracker/hadoop/jobcache/job_201105161222_0003/jobToken
    at org.apache.hadoop.security.Credentials.readTokenStorageFile(Credentials.java:135)
    at org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.security.TokenCache.loadTokens(TokenCache.java:163)
    at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.TaskTracker.initializeJob(TaskTracker.java:1064)
    at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.TaskTracker.localizeJob(TaskTracker.java:1001)
    at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.TaskTracker.startNewTask(TaskTracker.java:2161)
    at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.TaskTracker$TaskLauncher.run(TaskTracker.java:2125)
Caused by: java.io.FileNotFoundException: File file:/app/hadoop/tmp/mapred/local/ttprivate/taskTracker/hadoop/jobcache/job_201105161222_0003/jobToken does not exist.
    at org.apache.hadoop.fs.RawLocalFileSystem.getFileStatus(RawLocalFileSystem.java:371)
    at org.apache.hadoop.fs.FilterFileSystem.getFileStatus(FilterFileSystem.java:245)
    at org.apache.hadoop.fs.ChecksumFileSystem$ChecksumFSInputChecker.<init>(ChecksumFileSystem.java:125)
    at org.apache.hadoop.fs.ChecksumFileSystem.open(ChecksumFileSystem.java:283)
    at org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem.open(FileSystem.java:400)
    at org.apache.hadoop.security.Credentials.readTokenStorageFile(Credentials.java:129)
    ... 5 more

11/05/16 13:39:21 WARN mapred.JobClient: Error reading task outputhttp://jonathan-VirtualBox:50060/tasklog?plaintext=true&attemptid=attempt_201105161222_0003_m_000004_0&filter=stdout
11/05/16 13:39:21 WARN mapred.JobClient: Error reading task outputhttp://jonathan-VirtualBox:50060/tasklog?plaintext=true&attemptid=attempt_201105161222_0003_m_000004_0&filter=stderr
11/05/16 13:39:22 INFO mapred.JobClient: Task Id : attempt_201105161222_0003_m_000004_1, Status : FAILED
Error initializing attempt_201105161222_0003_m_000004_1:
java.io.IOException: Exception reading file:/app/hadoop/tmp/mapred/local/ttprivate/taskTracker/hadoop/jobcache/job_201105161222_0003/jobToken
    at org.apache.hadoop.security.Credentials.readTokenStorageFile(Credentials.java:135)
    at org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.security.TokenCache.loadTokens(TokenCache.java:163)
    at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.TaskTracker.initializeJob(TaskTracker.java:1064)
    at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.TaskTracker.localizeJob(TaskTracker.java:1001)
    at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.TaskTracker.startNewTask(TaskTracker.java:2161)
    at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.TaskTracker$TaskLauncher.run(TaskTracker.java:2125)
Caused by: java.io.FileNotFoundException: File file:/app/hadoop/tmp/mapred/local/ttprivate/taskTracker/hadoop/jobcache/job_201105161222_0003/jobToken does not exist.
    at org.apache.hadoop.fs.RawLocalFileSystem.getFileStatus(RawLocalFileSystem.java:371)
    at org.apache.hadoop.fs.FilterFileSystem.getFileStatus(FilterFileSystem.java:245)
    at org.apache.hadoop.fs.ChecksumFileSystem$ChecksumFSInputChecker.<init>(ChecksumFileSystem.java:125)
    at org.apache.hadoop.fs.ChecksumFileSystem.open(ChecksumFileSystem.java:283)
    at org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem.open(FileSystem.java:400)
    at org.apache.hadoop.security.Credentials.readTokenStorageFile(Credentials.java:129)
    ... 5 more

11/05/16 13:39:22 WARN mapred.JobClient: Error reading task outputhttp://jonathan-VirtualBox:50060/tasklog?plaintext=true&attemptid=attempt_201105161222_0003_m_000004_1&filter=stdout
11/05/16 13:39:22 WARN mapred.JobClient: Error reading task outputhttp://jonathan-VirtualBox:50060/tasklog?plaintext=true&attemptid=attempt_201105161222_0003_m_000004_1&filter=stderr
11/05/16 13:39:23 INFO mapred.JobClient: Task Id : attempt_201105161222_0003_m_000004_2, Status : FAILED
Error initializing attempt_201105161222_0003_m_000004_2:
java.io.IOException: Exception reading file:/app/hadoop/tmp/mapred/local/ttprivate/taskTracker/hadoop/jobcache/job_201105161222_0003/jobToken
    at org.apache.hadoop.security.Credentials.readTokenStorageFile(Credentials.java:135)
    at org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.security.TokenCache.loadTokens(TokenCache.java:163)
    at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.TaskTracker.initializeJob(TaskTracker.java:1064)
    at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.TaskTracker.localizeJob(TaskTracker.java:1001)
    at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.TaskTracker.startNewTask(TaskTracker.java:2161)
    at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.TaskTracker$TaskLauncher.run(TaskTracker.java:2125)
Caused by: java.io.FileNotFoundException: File file:/app/hadoop/tmp/mapred/local/ttprivate/taskTracker/hadoop/jobcache/job_201105161222_0003/jobToken does not exist.
    at org.apache.hadoop.fs.RawLocalFileSystem.getFileStatus(RawLocalFileSystem.java:371)
    at org.apache.hadoop.fs.FilterFileSystem.getFileStatus(FilterFileSystem.java:245)
    at org.apache.hadoop.fs.ChecksumFileSystem$ChecksumFSInputChecker.<init>(ChecksumFileSystem.java:125)
    at org.apache.hadoop.fs.ChecksumFileSystem.open(ChecksumFileSystem.java:283)
    at org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem.open(FileSystem.java:400)
    at org.apache.hadoop.security.Credentials.readTokenStorageFile(Credentials.java:129)
    ... 5 more

11/05/16 13:39:23 WARN mapred.JobClient: Error reading task outputhttp://jonathan-VirtualBox:50060/tasklog?plaintext=true&attemptid=attempt_201105161222_0003_m_000004_2&filter=stdout
11/05/16 13:39:23 WARN mapred.JobClient: Error reading task outputhttp://jonathan-VirtualBox:50060/tasklog?plaintext=true&attemptid=attempt_201105161222_0003_m_000004_2&filter=stderr
11/05/16 13:39:30 INFO mapred.JobClient: Task Id : attempt_201105161222_0003_m_000003_0, Status : FAILED
Error initializing attempt_201105161222_0003_m_000003_0:
java.io.IOException: Exception reading file:/app/hadoop/tmp/mapred/local/ttprivate/taskTracker/hadoop/jobcache/job_201105161222_0003/jobToken
    at org.apache.hadoop.security.Credentials.readTokenStorageFile(Credentials.java:135)
    at org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.security.TokenCache.loadTokens(TokenCache.java:163)
    at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.TaskTracker.initializeJob(TaskTracker.java:1064)
    at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.TaskTracker.localizeJob(TaskTracker.java:1001)
    at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.TaskTracker.startNewTask(TaskTracker.java:2161)
    at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.TaskTracker$TaskLauncher.run(TaskTracker.java:2125)
Caused by: java.io.FileNotFoundException: File file:/app/hadoop/tmp/mapred/local/ttprivate/taskTracker/hadoop/jobcache/job_201105161222_0003/jobToken does not exist.
    at org.apache.hadoop.fs.RawLocalFileSystem.getFileStatus(RawLocalFileSystem.java:371)
    at org.apache.hadoop.fs.FilterFileSystem.getFileStatus(FilterFileSystem.java:245)
    at org.apache.hadoop.fs.ChecksumFileSystem$ChecksumFSInputChecker.<init>(ChecksumFileSystem.java:125)
    at org.apache.hadoop.fs.ChecksumFileSystem.open(ChecksumFileSystem.java:283)
    at org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem.open(FileSystem.java:400)
    at org.apache.hadoop.security.Credentials.readTokenStorageFile(Credentials.java:129)
    ... 5 more

11/05/16 13:39:31 WARN mapred.JobClient: Error reading task outputhttp://jonathan-VirtualBox:50060/tasklog?plaintext=true&attemptid=attempt_201105161222_0003_m_000003_0&filter=stdout
11/05/16 13:39:31 WARN mapred.JobClient: Error reading task outputhttp://jonathan-VirtualBox:50060/tasklog?plaintext=true&attemptid=attempt_201105161222_0003_m_000003_0&filter=stderr
11/05/16 13:39:33 INFO mapred.JobClient: Task Id : attempt_201105161222_0003_m_000003_1, Status : FAILED
Error initializing attempt_201105161222_0003_m_000003_1:
java.io.IOException: Exception reading file:/app/hadoop/tmp/mapred/local/ttprivate/taskTracker/hadoop/jobcache/job_201105161222_0003/jobToken
    at org.apache.hadoop.security.Credentials.readTokenStorageFile(Credentials.java:135)
    at org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.security.TokenCache.loadTokens(TokenCache.java:163)
    at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.TaskTracker.initializeJob(TaskTracker.java:1064)
    at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.TaskTracker.localizeJob(TaskTracker.java:1001)
    at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.TaskTracker.startNewTask(TaskTracker.java:2161)
    at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.TaskTracker$TaskLauncher.run(TaskTracker.java:2125)
Caused by: java.io.FileNotFoundException: File file:/app/hadoop/tmp/mapred/local/ttprivate/taskTracker/hadoop/jobcache/job_201105161222_0003/jobToken does not exist.
    at org.apache.hadoop.fs.RawLocalFileSystem.getFileStatus(RawLocalFileSystem.java:371)
    at org.apache.hadoop.fs.FilterFileSystem.getFileStatus(FilterFileSystem.java:245)
    at org.apache.hadoop.fs.ChecksumFileSystem$ChecksumFSInputChecker.<init>(ChecksumFileSystem.java:125)
    at org.apache.hadoop.fs.ChecksumFileSystem.open(ChecksumFileSystem.java:283)
    at org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem.open(FileSystem.java:400)
    at org.apache.hadoop.security.Credentials.readTokenStorageFile(Credentials.java:129)
    ... 5 more

11/05/16 13:39:33 WARN mapred.JobClient: Error reading task outputhttp://jonathan-VirtualBox:50060/tasklog?plaintext=true&attemptid=attempt_201105161222_0003_m_000003_1&filter=stdout
11/05/16 13:39:33 WARN mapred.JobClient: Error reading task outputhttp://jonathan-VirtualBox:50060/tasklog?plaintext=true&attemptid=attempt_201105161222_0003_m_000003_1&filter=stderr
11/05/16 13:39:36 INFO mapred.JobClient: Task Id : attempt_201105161222_0003_m_000003_2, Status : FAILED
Error initializing attempt_201105161222_0003_m_000003_2:
java.io.IOException: Exception reading file:/app/hadoop/tmp/mapred/local/ttprivate/taskTracker/hadoop/jobcache/job_201105161222_0003/jobToken
    at org.apache.hadoop.security.Credentials.readTokenStorageFile(Credentials.java:135)
    at org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.security.TokenCache.loadTokens(TokenCache.java:163)
    at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.TaskTracker.initializeJob(TaskTracker.java:1064)
    at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.TaskTracker.localizeJob(TaskTracker.java:1001)
    at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.TaskTracker.startNewTask(TaskTracker.java:2161)
    at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.TaskTracker$TaskLauncher.run(TaskTracker.java:2125)
Caused by: java.io.FileNotFoundException: File file:/app/hadoop/tmp/mapred/local/ttprivate/taskTracker/hadoop/jobcache/job_201105161222_0003/jobToken does not exist.
    at org.apache.hadoop.fs.RawLocalFileSystem.getFileStatus(RawLocalFileSystem.java:371)
    at org.apache.hadoop.fs.FilterFileSystem.getFileStatus(FilterFileSystem.java:245)
    at org.apache.hadoop.fs.ChecksumFileSystem$ChecksumFSInputChecker.<init>(ChecksumFileSystem.java:125)
    at org.apache.hadoop.fs.ChecksumFileSystem.open(ChecksumFileSystem.java:283)
    at org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem.open(FileSystem.java:400)
    at org.apache.hadoop.security.Credentials.readTokenStorageFile(Credentials.java:129)
    ... 5 more

11/05/16 13:39:36 WARN mapred.JobClient: Error reading task outputhttp://jonathan-VirtualBox:50060/tasklog?plaintext=true&attemptid=attempt_201105161222_0003_m_000003_2&filter=stdout
11/05/16 13:39:36 WARN mapred.JobClient: Error reading task outputhttp://jonathan-VirtualBox:50060/tasklog?plaintext=true&attemptid=attempt_201105161222_0003_m_000003_2&filter=stderr
11/05/16 13:39:39 INFO mapred.JobClient: Job complete: job_201105161222_0003
11/05/16 13:39:39 INFO mapred.JobClient: Counters: 4
11/05/16 13:39:39 INFO mapred.JobClient:   Job Counters
11/05/16 13:39:39 INFO mapred.JobClient:     SLOTS_MILLIS_MAPS=0
11/05/16 13:39:39 INFO mapred.JobClient:     Total time spent by all reduces waiting after reserving slots (ms)=0
11/05/16 13:39:39 INFO mapred.JobClient:     Total time spent by all maps waiting after reserving slots (ms)=0
11/05/16 13:39:39 INFO mapred.JobClient:     SLOTS_MILLIS_REDUCES=0

A: Check out your /etc/hosts configuration.
You have to mention master domain name and same for slave.
For eg:
127.0.0.1       localhost.localdomain   localhost
107.108.206.64  master ABC-ubuntu
107.108.208.24  slave  XYZ-ubuntu
107.108.87.81   slave1 QWE-ubuntu
Because during reduce processing , it search for XYZ-ubuntu host name instead of slave.
Also, your hosts config should be same in all.

A: Dont Create /app/hadoop/tmp folder
It will create by default under /tmp/hadoop...
So remove that property from conf file .
It will work


text:
Family:Jewell, Nathaniel (1707-a1744)
Nathaniel Jewell (Sarah3 Whitney, Joshua2, John1), son of Nathaniel and Sarah3 (Whitney) Jewell, was born 8 Oct 1707, Plainfield, CT, and died Salisbury, CT.
He married, 9 Jan 1733, Plainfield, CT, Sarah Barrett, daughter of Joseph and Abigail (Hildreth) Barrett. She was born 25 Sep 1702, Chelmsford, MA, and died unknown.
Children of Nathaniel and Sarah (Barrett) Jewell:
i. Nathaniel Jewell, b. 28 Oct 1733, Plainfield, CT; d. 10 Dec 1733, Plainfield, CT.
ii. Nathaniel Jewell, b. 27 Jan 1734/5, Plainfield, CT; m. Rachel Wright.
iii. Ebenezer Jewell, b. 25 Jan 1736, Plainfield, CT; m. Anna Norton.
iv. Abigail Jewell, b. 27 Mar 1739, Plainfield, CT; m. Micah Haskins.
v. David Jewell, b. 1 Jan 1741, Cornwall, CT; d. 13 Jan 1829, Cairo, NY, age 88; m.(1) 1765, Salisbury, CT, Ann Holmes, daughter of John and Mary (Harris) Holmes; m.(2) 23 Feb 1791 or 2 Mar 1791, Greenville, NY, Martha Knowles; m.(3) 13 Nov 1800, Greenville, NY, Sarah Baldwin; m.(4) 24 Apr 1823, Greenville, NY, Mary Allen.
vi. Joseph Jewell, b. 18 Jun 1744, Cornwall, CT; m.(1) Mary Crane; m.(2) Merab Easton.
1. ^
Copyright © 1999, 2006, Robert L. Ward and the Whitney Research Group
Retrieved from "http://wiki.whitneygen.org/wrg/index.php?title=Family:Jewell,_Nathaniel_(1707-a1744)&oldid=28263"
Litchfield County, Connecticut
Corwall, Litchfield County, Connecticut
Salisbury, Litchfield County, Connecticut
Windham County, Connecticut
Plainfield, Windham County, Connecticut
Middlesex County, Massachusetts
Chelmsford, Middlesex County, Massachusetts
Greene County, New York
Cairo, Greene County, New York
Greenville, Greene County, New York


The fort was intended to hold a garrison of 1,000 auxiliary infantry, and was the main command post for the Romans in North Wales. It was rebuilt in stone during the first part of the 2nd century, and remained a manned garrison for over 300 years, longer than any other in Wales.
In the present day, the A4085 runs through the old fort grounds, and modern housing surrounds the area, but the remains of the original construction have been largely preserved. The town of Caernarfon derives its name from 'Caer yn ar-Fon', loosely translated "fort in the land opposite the river", and the fort is only about a mile from Caernarfon's town centre.
The museum attached to the old fort now holds fascinating artifacts found in and around the site, including the remains of a native hamlet on the outskirts. The museum is managed by Segontium Cyf, an independent trust.
Visitors can actually enter the historic fortification and get a close-up view of what life was like for the ancient inhabitants. Here you can get a good picture of this period in Welsh history; it is the only site in Wales that shows the interior layout of a Roman Auxiliary Fort.
In sheer area and antiquity, Segontium Fort outranks the famous Caernarfon Castle. The fort was built approximately 1,000 years prior to the castle, and the whole of the huge and imposing castle could fit inside its walls. It was considered a remote outpost during its active years, but it is now a very popular attraction for visitors to the area.


The 2013 edition of the Bangalore Comic Con (@ComicConIndia) was held at the Koramangala Indoor Stadium - the same venue as last year, on June 1 and 2 (today is the last day). Unlike last year's event, which was the inaugural edition, this second event was perhaps an order of magnitude larger in attendance - it seemed like every school and college student was there. I felt like an outlier in terms of age - till I saw Vinay's photo from the event.
There were more book and comic launches, more speaking events, and just more of everything at this year's event. There were two downsides to this, as expected - the lines were serpentine but fast moving, and the indoor stadium was packed. There was not a place where one could stand without getting jostled around, through no fault of the jostlers or the jostled. Comic Con India's Twitter handle did reply that next year would see a different venue, but the no entry charge would continue - both good decisions.
Apart from the usual gaggle of fans dressed up as their favorite comic characters, what quite left me thunderstruck was a stall run by Pyaretoons.com. This is a site run by a comic fan who makes available old, out of print (out of copyright also perhaps?) comics on the net, free of charge it seems. Fans who like his site donate their old comics - mostly the Indrajal comics that stopped printing in 1990, but also classics like Chandamama, Nandan, Champak, and Diamond Comics - which are then sold off to collectors. The comic you see on the left for instance - The Slave of Mucar - was selling for Rs 400.
A better condition comic, wrapped in a clear plastic cover - like the one below, was selling for Rs 1700. To think I used to buy these comics from the raddiwala at three for a rupee as a student, and had a stash of close to a thousand comics.
© 2013, Abhinav Agarwal (अभिनव अग्रवाल). All rights reserved.
© 2002-2018, Abhinav Agarwal. All Rights Reserved.. Simple theme. Powered by Blogger.


text:
Postelection review to probe where Conservatives bled votes to People's Party, NDP
Top Story CP
OTTAWA — The former MP leading the review into the Conservatives' election performance says it will examine how Tories lost votes to Maxime Bernier's People's Party of Canada.
James Cumming, an Alberta representative who lost his seat to the Liberals' Randy Boissonnault, says he will begin reaching out to candidates and campaign teams this week.
Conservative Leader Erin O'Toole tapped Cumming to review the party's campaign after it was defeated by the Liberals and won two fewer seats than it did in the 2019 federal vote.
Cumming says he will probe the party's campaign strategy, its ground game and the data it used, as well as O'Toole's tour over the 36-day race.
One of the questions hanging over the Conservatives is the role Bernier's right-wing populist party played in their loss.
"Anywhere that we've had bleed of vote, I think that that's important that we study and understand what the factors were, so the PPC would represent some of that," Cumming said in an interview.
"In Alberta we saw significant bleed of vote to the NDP, so that's an entirely different situation … in all cases we have to look at where we performed and where we didn't perform and do that analysis on a riding-by-riding basis, region-by-region basis to better understand what the dynamics are within that vote."
Conservatives saw losses in both Calgary and Edmonton as Liberal and NDP candidates there attacked Alberta Premier Jason Kenney's handling of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Alberta MP Shannon Stubbs, who was re-elected last month, has expressed concern over her share of the vote dropping since the last election. Earlier this month, she wondered aloud how policies from O'Toole played with conservative-minded voters. That included his promise to keep spending billions of dollars and the confusion created mid-campaign when he decided instead of lifting a Liberal ban on some 1,500 firearms models, to subject it to a review.
Bernier ran his second federal election as PPC leader by deriding the Conservative leader as being a phoney. This time around, however, he shifted his focus away from immigration reform and largely railed against vaccine mandates and other COVID-19 public health restrictions.
O'Toole's candidates, meanwhile, posted their own videos and circulated messages stressing that while Conservatives encourage vaccinations, they believe people should have the freedom to make their own health decisions and would only support bringing in a proof-of-vaccination system for international travel.
Although the PPC failed once again to win any seats in the House of Commons, it mounted enough of a threat that O'Toole spent his final days on the campaign trail issuing increasingly direct warnings to supporters not to split the vote by casting a ballot for Bernier, cautioning that doing so would lead to another Liberal government.
Following the Sept. 20 election, University of Calgary economics professor Trevor Tombe shared an analysis showing 25 seats where together, the Conservative and PPC vote was greater than the winner's share.
Cumming said his analysis will look at the how other parties performed, particularly in ridings where Conservatives were locked in a tight race.
"The analysis has to include who had the support in certain areas and where did the support come from."
He hopes to be finished most of the review work this fall, which will include a one-on-one session with O'Toole.
This report by The Canadian Press was first published Oct. 19, 2021.
Prospect of no jab, no visa for Australian Open tennis stars
Saskatchewan's chief medical health officer was sent threatening emails: government
By Jamie Stengle in Dallas
DALLAS (AP) — Two monkeys taken from the Dallas Zoo were found Tuesday in an abandoned home after going missing the day before from their enclosure, which had been cut. But no arrests have been made, deepening the mystery at the zoo that has included other cut fences, the escape of a small leopard and the suspicious death of an endangered vulture.
Dallas police said they found the two emperor tamarin monkeys after getting a tip that they could be in an abandoned home in Lancaster, located just south of the zoo. The animals were located, safe, in a closet, and then returned to zoo for veterinary evaluation.
Police said earlier Tuesday that they were still working to determine whether or not the incidents over the last few weeks are related.
Meanwhile, in Louisiana, officials were investigating after 12 squirrel monkeys were taken from a zoo there on Sunday and considering whether there could be a connection.
Here's what is known so far about the incidents:
WHAT HAS HAPPENED AT THE DALLAS ZOO?
The zoo closed Jan. 13 after workers arriving that morning found that the clouded leopard, named Nova, was missing. After a search that included police, the leopard weighing 20-25 pounds (9-11 kilograms) was found later that day near her habitat.
Police said a cutting tool was intentionally used to make the opening in her enclosure. A similar gash also was found in an enclosure for langur monkeys, though none got out or appeared harmed, police said.
On Jan. 21, an endangered lappet-faced vulture named Pin was found dead by arriving workers. Gregg Hudson, the zoo's president and CEO, called the death "very suspicious" and said the vulture had "a wound," but declined to give further details.
Hudson said in a news conference following Pin's death that the vulture enclosure didn't appear to be tampered with.
On Monday police said the two emperor tamarin monkeys — which have long whiskers that look like a mustache — were believed to have been taken after someone cut an opening in their enclosure.
The following day police released a photo and video of a man they said they wanted to talk to about the monkeys. The photo shows a man eating Doritos chips while walking, and in the video clip he is seen walking down a path.
WHAT COULD BE THE MOTIVE IN TAKING THE MONKEYS?
Lynn Cuny, founder and president of Wildlife Rescue & Rehabilitation in Kendalia, Texas, said she wouldn't be surprised if it turns out the monkeys were taken to be sold. Depending on the buyer, she said, a monkey like those could be sold for "several thousands" of dollars.
"Primates are high-dollar animals in the wildlife pet trade in this country," Cuny said. "Everybody that wants one wants one for all the wrong reasons — there's never any good reason to have any wild animal as a pet."
She said there were a variety of ways the taken monkeys could have been in danger, from an improper diet to exposure to cold. Temperatures in Dallas dipped into the 20s on Tuesday during a winter storm.
WHAT IS KNOWN ABOUT THE VULTURE?
Pin's death has been hard on the staff, a zoo official said.
The vulture was "a beloved member of the bird department," according to Harrison Edell, the zoo's executive vice president for animal care and conservation.
Speaking at a news conference, Edell said Pin was at least 35 years old and had been at the zoo for 33 years. "A lot of our teams have worked closely with him for all of that time," Edell said.
Pin, one of four lappet-faced vultures at the zoo, was said to have sired 11 offspring, and his first grandchild hatched in early 2020.
Edell said Pin's death was not only a personal loss but also a loss for the species, which "could potentially go extinct in our lifetime."
WHAT IS KNOWN ABOUT SECURITY?
Hudson, the zoo's CEO, said in a news conference following Pin's death that normal operating procedures included over 100 cameras to monitor public, staff and exhibit areas, and that number had been increased. Overnight presence of security and staff was also raised.
Where possible, he said, zoo officials limited the ability of animals to go outside overnight.
After Nova went missing, officials said they had reviewed surveillance video but not what it showed.
The zoo was closed Tuesday and Wednesday due to the storm.
WHAT HAPPENED IN LOUISIANA?
The 12 squirrel monkeys were discovered missing Sunday from their enclosure at a zoo in the state's southeast.
Their habitat at Zoosiana in Broussard, about 60 miles (96 kilometers) west of Baton Rouge, had been "compromised" and some damage was done to get in, city Police Chief Vance Olivier said Tuesday. He declined to provide further details on the damage, citing the ongoing investigation.
He said police did not have any suspects yet but were still searching through video files.
Zoosiana said in a Facebook post that the remaining monkeys have been assessed and appear unharmed.
HAVE THERE BEEN OTHER INCIDENTS BEFORE AT THE DALLAS ZOO?
In 2004, a 340-pound (154-kilogram) gorilla named Jabari jumped over a wall and went on a 40-minute rampage that injured three people before police shot and killed the animal.
Associated Press writer Paul J. Weber contributed to this report from Austin, Texas.
'Hands off Africa!': Pope blasts foreign plundering of Congo
By Nicole Winfield, Jean-yves Kamale And Christina Malkia in Kinshasa
KINSHASA, Congo (AP) — Pope Francis demanded Tuesday that foreign powers stop plundering Africa's natural resources for the "poison of their own greed" as he arrived in Congo to a raucous welcome by Congolese grateful he was focusing the world's attention on their forgotten plight.
Tens of thousands of people lined the main road into the capital, Kinshasa, to welcome Francis after he landed at the airport, some standing three or four deep, with children in school uniforms taking the front row.
"The pope is 86 years old but he came anyway. It is a sacrifice and the Congolese people will not forget it," said Sultan Ntambwe, a bank agent in his 30s, as he waited for Francis' arrival in a scene reminiscent of some of Francis' earlier trips to similarly heavily Catholic countries.
Francis plunged headfirst into his agenda upon arrival, denouncing the centuries-long exploitation of Africa by colonial powers, today's multinational extraction industries and the neighboring countries interfering in Congo's affairs that has led to a surge in fighting in the east.
"Hands off the Democratic Republic of the Congo! Hands off Africa!" Francis said to applause in his opening speech to Congolese government authorities and the diplomatic corps in the garden of Kinshasa's national palace.
Calling Congo's vast mineral and natural wealth a "diamond of creation," Francis demanded that foreign interests stop carving up the country for their own interests and acknowledge their role in the economic "enslavement" of the Congolese people.
"Stop choking Africa: It is not a mine to be stripped or a terrain to be plundered," said history's first Latin American pope, who has long railed at how wealthy countries have exploited the resources of poorer ones for their own profit.
The six-day trip, which also includes a stop in South Sudan, was originally scheduled for July, but was postponed because of Francis' knee problems, which were still so serious on Tuesday that he couldn't stand to greet journalists in the plane heading to Kinshasa and forced him to use a wheelchair on the ground.
It was also supposed to have included a stop in Goma, in eastern Congo, but the surrounding North Kivu region has been plagued by intense fighting between government troops and the M23 rebel group, as well as attacks by militants linked to the Islamic State group.
The fighting has displaced some 5.7 million people, a fifth of them last year alone, according to the World Food Program.
Instead of travelling there, Francis will meet with a delegation of people from the east who will travel to Kinshasa for a private encounter at the Vatican embassy on Wednesday. The plan calls for them to participate in a ceremony jointly committing to forgive their assailants.
Sylvie Mvita, a student in economics in Kinshasa, said the pope's arrival would focus the world's attention and television cameras on Congo and the fighting in the east to show how its suffering has been forgotten by the rest of the world.
"This will allow the world to discover the atrocities of which our brothers in the east of the country are victims. And maybe for once, the little humanity that remains in some people will cause an awakening and the international community will not only be interested in what is happening in Ukraine but also in what is happening in this country," she said.
President Felix Tshisekedi voiced a similar line in his speech to the pope, accusing the international community of forgetting about Congo and of its complicit "inaction and silence" about the atrocities occurring in the east.
"In addition to armed groups, foreign powers eager for the minerals in our subsoil commit cruel atrocities with the direct and cowardly support of our neighbor Rwanda, making security the first and greatest challenge for the government," he said.
Rwanda has been accused of — and has repeatedly denied — backing the M23 rebels operating in Congo.
Francis' tough words at the start set the tone for the trip, in which the pontiff is aiming to bring a message of peace, a warning to the international community to not look the other way and a recognition that Africa is the future of the Catholic Church.
The continent is one of the only places on Earth where the Catholic flock is growing, both in terms of practicing faithful and fresh vocations to the priesthood and religious life.
And Congo stands out as the African country with most Catholics hands down: Half of its 105 million people are Catholic, the country counts more than 6,000 priests, 10,000 nuns and more than 4,000 seminarians — 3.6% of the global total of young men studying for the priesthood.
That makes Francis' trip, his fifth to the African continent in his 10-year pontificate, all the more important as the Jesuit pope seeks to reshape the church as a "field hospital for wounded souls," where all are welcome, poor people have a special pride of place and rivals are urged to make peace.
Aid groups had hoped Francis' six-day visit would shine a spotlight on the forgotten conflicts of Congo and South Sudan and their soaring humanitarian costs, and rekindle international attention amid donor fatigue that has set in due to new aid priorities in Ukraine.
Francis answered their call, pointing the finger at the role colonial powers such as Belgium played in the exploitation of Congo until the country, which is 80 times the size of Belgium, gained its independence in 1960, and neighboring countries are playing today.
Francis didn't identify Belgium or any neighboring country by name, but he spared no word of condemnation, quoting Tshisekedi as saying there was a "forgotten genocide" under way.
"The poison of greed has smeared its diamonds with blood," Francis said. "May the world acknowledge the catastrophic things that were done over the centuries to the detriment of the local peoples, and not forget this country and this continent."
"We cannot grow accustomed to the bloodshed that has marked this country for decades, causing millions of deaths that remain mostly unknown elsewhere," he said.
At the same time, he urged Congolese authorities to work for the common good and not tribal, ethnic or personal interests; and put an end to child labor and invest in education so that "the most precious diamonds" of Congo can shine brightly.
Congolese faithful were flocking to Kinshasa for Francis' main event, a Mass on Wednesday at Ndolo airport that is expected to draw as many as 2 million people in one of the biggest gatherings of its kind in Congo and one of Francis' biggest Masses ever.
Banners emblazoned with the pope's image carried messages including "Pope Francis, the city of Kinshasa welcomes you with joy."
Some women wore colorful dresses and skirts made of pagne, a wax print fabric featuring images of Francis, the Virgin Mary or the Vatican keys, in a celebratory sign of welcome.
Jean-Louis Mopina, 47, said he walked about 45 minutes to Kinshasa's airport before the pope's arrival on Tuesday.
"He has come like a pilgrim sent by God," Mopina said. "His blessing will give us peace in our hearts."
Christina Malkia in Kinshasa, and Krista Larson in Dakar, Senegal, contributed to this report.
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text:
Pidonia albomaculata är en skalbaggsart som först beskrevs av Masaki Matsushita 1931.  Pidonia albomaculata ingår i släktet Pidonia och familjen långhorningar.

Artens utbredningsområde är Taiwan. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Långhorningar
albomaculata

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Scalby Charity Walk has been taking place since 1959 and this year it will be held on Easter Monday, 22 April 2019.
This year the walk celebrates its diamond 60th anniversary. We are proud this year to have nominated Scarborough Dial-a-Ride as our nominated charity.
Over the years the walk has raised thousands of pounds for a diverse range of charities, such as the Teenage Cancer Trust, YMCA and St Catherine's Hospice. Foremost in our goals is to put on an event that fosters community spirit brought together in friendly competition. You don't have to be a resident to take part and people come from all over the country to join in.
Please download the entry forms and sponsorship forms below, together with the two walks' rules and regulations.
Please note that the forms have to be returned to the Nags Head, 35 High Street, Scalby, YO13 OPT, together with your entry payment.
Each year the residents of Scalby, Burniston and Cloughton have taken part in a 7-mile walk (no running!) through all the three villages where all the participants must consume a half of bitter, lager or soft drink in the four pubs en route: The Three Jolly Sailors, the Red Lion, the Blacksmiths Arms and the Oak Wheel.
Over the years the walkers have dressed up in a variety of fancy dress costumes, and what is a bit of fun is also a challenge with trophies to be won, and family members competing with each other to achieve the best time. Others meanwhile have been known to 'get lost' in some of the pubs!
The walk began in 1959 and started off as a bet between some of the older and younger regulars at the Plough, Scalby. One of those was well-known Plough regular, Frank 'Sparky' Sparks, who was always easily recognisable in his bowler hat and carnation on his jacket lapel. Jack Jordan was landlord of the Plough then, and in the first year it was only men, and women began to take part in 1961. One of those first ladies was Margaret Scarfe, Scalby Postmistress from 1967-1994. Margaret was a regular walker for many years. Another regular was the late longtime vicar of St Laurence's Church, Scalby, Canon Chris Tubbs, who always wore his white cricket jumper!
Entry Forms will be available from the Nags Head from 1 April. Pre-registration is essential before 12:00 pm Sunday 21 April. Entry costs as follows: Adult £10.00 and Juniors (14-18 years) £5.00. The first walkers go off at 10.30 am. Registration is also available on the day at £12.00 and £6.00 (11.00 am start). Participants are encouraged to get sponsored to help raise funds for Dial-A-Ride, a vital community transport charity.
The walk (see diagram below) is a 7-mile walk commencing at the Nags Head Pub. A half pint must be drunk at each of the four pubs where Walk Marshals will check you off. We have two route options: a traditional route for the more competitive; and a family-friendly route that comes back via the Cinder Track. Fancy dress is a tradition and encouraged, with a prize for the most inventive.
Starting off from the Nags Head, the route sets off at a pace (heel to toe only – no running!) towards Burniston down North Street before veering right towards Scalby Road (A171). Past the Rugby Club, the first stop is the Three Jolly Sailors in Burniston, where a half of bitter, lager or orange juice awaits. The walkers then head to Cloughton to the furthest pub, the Red Lion.
It's an about turn now as you double back towards the pub you passed earlier, and it's another swift one in the Blacksmiths Arms. Heading back towards Burniston, you'll turn left at the Three Jolly Sailors on to the coastal road (A165). The last pub is quickly upon you at the Oak Wheel, and it is the last pit stop (walkers have been known to get 'lost' here!) before the final challenging walk back to Scalby along the coast road. The family route takes you up the Cinder Track but the competitive walkers must continue up the coastal road to qualify for a trophy.
Turn right at the caravan park on to Field Lane and Station Road past the new housing estate, High Mill. The temptation is to quicken the pace but remember, no running, as you can get disqualified after all that effort! At the end of Station Road, cross Scalby Road (taking care) into Scalby Village.
The competitors then enter the village centre towards the finish line at the Nags Head pub where the victors will be crowned at 4:00pm.
There are trophies to be won for residents (Scalby, Burniston and Cloughton) and non-residents (the rest of the world!).
Please see 2018's Walk Start and Report and Prize-giving photos.
Please use this to download the 2019 Scalby Walk poster (PDF, 1.3Mb).
If you can help us identify those shown in the above images, we'd love to hear from you.