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Structural Analysis of High-rise Buildings under Horizontal Loads: A Study on the Piedmont Region Headquarters Tower in Turin
Giuseppe Nitti, Giuseppe Lacidogna*, Alberto Carpinteri
Department of Structural, Geotechnical and Building Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
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Last Page: 96
Publisher Id: TOBCTJ-13-81
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Received Date: 29/03/2019
Revision Received Date: 09/04/2019
Acceptance Date: 26/04/2019
Electronic publication date: 31/05/2019
Collection year: 2019
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open-access license: This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0), a copy of which is available at: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
* Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Structural, Geotechnical and Building Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy;
Tel: +39 011-090-4871; Email: giuseppe.lacidogna@polito.it
When a high-rise building is designed, the main aim is to limit transversal displacements. In addition, when vertical bracings, made up of thin open sections, are subjected to external torsion, warping and secondary torsional moment stresses arise which need to be evaluated using Vlasov's Theory.
This work analyzes the Piedmont Region Headquarters Tower, using an analytical formulation which enables the calculation of structural displacements and stresses.
The analytical formulation used in the static and dynamic analysis of the structure was implemented using Matlab computation code. A computational model was also created using a commercial Finite Element Code to validate the results.
The results obtained with the analytical model were compared with those obtained with the FEM model. The transversal displacements, bending, torsional, and axial stresses in the vertical bracings were calculated, along with the principal natural frequencies of the structure.
It has been proved that analytical calculation codes are a good tool for the preliminary design of a high-rise building. In particular, the proposed formulation, which has only three degrees of freedom per floor, provided results similar to those obtained using a FEM model. The great advantage of this analytical code is to speed up the computation time, which is proportional to the square of the degrees of freedom. In a FEM model, these have orders of magnitude greater than in the analytical model. Moreover, the proposed formulation allows the load distribution between the structural elements to be determined.
Keywords: Tall buildings, Piedmont region headquarters tower, Analytical model, Structural behavior, Preliminary design, Vlasov's theory.
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The design of high-rise buildings became popular among structural engineers due to the great height achieved by the Home Insurance Building. This pioneer skyscraper, 42 meters tall, was designed by the engineer William LeBaron Jenney and inaugurated in 1885 in Chicago.
The desire of construction engineers to achieve increasingly greater heights in new high-rise buildings was initially aided by the invention of the elevator (Baldwin's hydraulic elevator in 1870, Siemens' electric elevator in 1887) and then became imperative due to the increasing cost of land to build on in the major American cities.
In accordance with the city's urban plans, the following skyscrapers were built in New York: Singer Building (1909 – 187 m), Woolworth Building (1913 – 241 m), Chrysler Building (1930 – 319 m), Empire State Building (1931 – 381 m) and World Trade Centre (1973 – 417 m). The latter was recognized as the tallest building in the world until of the construction the Sears Tower (1974 – 443 m) in Chicago.
Since the 1990s, an increasing number of high-rise buildings have been designed around the world and the tower building industry is still progressing. Worthy of note are two buildings in Asia: the Petronas Twin Towers (1998 – 451.9 m) in Kuala Lumpur, and the Taipei 101 Tower (2004 – 508 m) in Taipei.
The most important supertall buildings built during the last few years are the One World Trade Center Tower in New York (2014 – 541.3 m), Abraj Al-Bait Clock Tower in Mecca (2012 – 601 m), Shanghai Tower in Shanghai (2015 – 632 m), and Burj Khalifa Tower in Dubai (2010 – 828 m). The latter is currently the tallest structure in the world.
In the Italian historical context, worthy of note are the Piacentini Tower (1940 – 108 m) in Genoa, which was the highest Italian and European reinforced concrete construction until 1952, the Pirelli Tower (1960 – 127.10 m) designed by Giò Ponti and Pier Luigi Nervi in Milan, which was the tallest tower in Italy until 1995, and the Telecom Tower in Naples (1995 – 129 m).
In recent years, only the cities of Milan and Turin have considered building skyscrapers in Italy.
In particular, an urban plan involving the construction of skyscrapers in the City of Milan was prepared in order to redevelop and reuse the large building zones deriving from exhibition areas (CityLife Area) and brownfield sites (Portobello Area). As a result of this urban plan, the Unicredit Tower (231 m at its tip, and 217.7 m on the roof level) was completed in 2012. This tower is now the tallest building in Italy.
On the other hand, the City of Turin underwent rapid development due to urban restyling related to the XX Olympic Winter Games in 2006. In this period, the Intesa Sanpaolo Tower (167.25 m) was designed and subsequently completed in 2012. It was the newest tall building built in Turin since 1934 (Reale Mutua Tower, 109 m). Moreover, on November 30, 2011, the construction of the Piedmont Region Headquarters Tower (209 m) began. It is now the tallest building in Turin and the third tallest building in Italy.
The design of tall buildings represents a challenging problem from an architectural point of view, especially considering structural analysis. The main difficulties are represented by the limitation of transversal displacements due to wind or seismic lateral load [1-5]. The demanding design formulation is due to the choice of a static scheme because of the great height.
In response to this problem, some authors [6, 7] suggested identifying the appropriate structural system according to the number of storeys. Thus, a 25-storey building could be designed with shear walls and braced frames, while a framed tube structure with orthogonal meshes or truss meshes (dia-grid) would be the most appropriate method to design taller buildings, combining engineering requirements and the best architectural practices.
At this moment in time, with regard to structural analysis, Finite Element Method programs (FEM) are used in conjunction with powerful computers to achieve a detailed and global description of structural behavior. According to Howson [8], the structural engineer has to be able to both estimate by simple mathematical formulations the relative stress and strain values, and subsequently search for more accurate finite element solutions.
Structural analysis with FEM software is time-consuming, particularly for programming data input, and the great number of available output data could be cumbersome for quickly interpreting structural behavior. Simplified analytical methods help the structural engineer in both conceptual design and initial sizing, in order to obtain fast and sufficiently accurate solutions. In this regard, in the early 1960s, when finite element modeling was just beginning, the equivalent continuous elastic model to study shear walls with openings in tall buildings was introduced by Rosman [9]. Then, other authors [10-15] worked on the problematic interaction between shear walls and frames. These stress analyses, carried out on other types of structural models by Stafford Smith [7], were subsequently improved by other studies [16-26]. Another remarkable structural typology is the external framed tube, because of its effectiveness in bracing a building against external lateral actions. Many analytical simplified formulations were proposed by Khan [27], Coull and Bose [28], Connor and Pouangare [29], and Kwan [30] for this purpose.
Moreover, tall building structural models have been modified to compute stiffening cores with thin open sections. Since the closed section hypothesis was not acceptable for modelling semi-open thin-walled beams, more attention was paid to "higher-order theories" than to Saint Venant's hypotheses. In the 1940s, Timoshenko [31, 32] and von Karman [33] gave the first formulations of these new theories, then improved by Vlasov [34]. Later, simplified analytical models were designed for dynamic structural analysis by Pekau et al. [35, 36] and others [37-47].
The main concerns about the applicability of such methods were that they are not always generalizable and applicable for solving complex systems. To overcome these difficulties, and extend the practical use of analytical methods, in 1985, Carpinteri [48] proposed a General Algorithm concerning the distribution of horizontal forces between the vertical structural elements of a three-dimensional civil structure. In the following years, the General Algorithm was further improved in order to work on any type of structural combination, with the aim of applying it to real case studies [49, 50].
The objective of this research is to demonstrate that the General Algorithm is a valid tool for the analysis of complex tall buildings in the preliminary design process.
As a matter of fact, the structural schemes elaborated by this data processing model can be applied to any combination of frames [51], structures with shear walls of different heights [52], cores with tapered or even rotated sections [53], and to any cores with open thin section [54, 55]. In the last case, the analytical formulation was obtained by applying Timoshenko-Vlasov's theory [32, 34] and following the approach by Capurso [56, 57].
Very recently, this analytical procedure has been extended to calculate the natural resonance frequencies and the periods of oscillation of an entire tall building, by the analysis of the axial and shear stresses in the bearing elements [58].
2. DESCRIPTION OF THE STRUCTURE
The Piedmont Region Headquarters Tower (Fig. 1) was designed, from an architectural point of view, by Massimiliano Fuksas, instead, the structural complex was elaborated by the engineering companies Manens and A.I. Engineering.
Fig. (1). Picture taken on August 30, 2018.
The building is situated in the south of the City of Turin in Italy (Fig. 2). Previously on this site, classified by the local authorities as an abandoned industrial area before the new constructions, there was the old manufacturing district of Fiat Avio. Near the new skyscraper, there is the "Oval" Olympic Winter Building, the Lingotto shopping center and auditorium. It is important to point out that the site will be well served by public transport by means of the new underground station on the Nizza street side, and the Lingotto railway station.
The multi-storey building base is square, measuring 45 m on each side. The tower comprises 43 floors above the ground, each level is 4.27 m tall (except the entry-hall, which is 8.66 m tall), therefore its height is about 188 meters up to the last floor. Beyond this level, there is a covered garden, 21-meters high, made of steel and glass walls. Considering the roof of the garden, the building reaches 209 m in height. On the east side of the tower, there are the so-called "Satelliti", i.e. non-structural slabs 11 m in length, linked to the façade. For this reason, these decorative elements do not influence the total structural stiffness of the building, and they are not taken into account in the analytical model. The east side façade is 180 m tall and it is composed of a self-supporting steel frame linked by means of a limited number of connections to the reinforced concrete structure.
The building is characterized in its entire height by a regular structural scheme. In particular, the tower floor plan embeds 4 central cores with open thin sections and made of high performance concretes (Fig. 3).
Cores 1 and 3 have the same size on the plans and the same thickness (0.50 m), like cores 2 and 4. These are arranged polar-symmetrically on the plan, in relation to the origin of the reference system, as shown in Fig (4).
From a structural point of view, the stiffness of these elements braces the tower by limiting transversal displacements in an optimal way. Along the building perimeter, excepting the east side, there are columns spaced 6 meters from each other, which reach a height of 188 m. Due to architectural requirements, the reinforced concrete columns have constant rectangular cross-section dimensions of about 1.10 m × 0.60 m, at all levels. The slabs, made of reinforced concrete, have a constant thickness of about 0.34 meters, while the slabs between the East and West cores are made up of concrete with a thickness of about 0.50 meters. The increased thickness is due to the need to link the slabs to the vertical cores, increasing their resistance and, at the same time, reducing the transverse displacements of the entire building due to horizontal loads.
The slabs in lightweight concrete are made by means of the Bubble Deck technique, i.e. by using polyethylene bubbles with a diameter of 225 mm embedded in the concrete casting. Adopting this construction technique, it is possible to reduce the slab weight by about 20-25% compared to its unlightened weight. This lightening, moreover, allows a better seismic structural behaviour and a considerable reduction of the axial stresses in the vertical elements to be obtained.
Different strength classes of concretes, depending on the axial loads, were used to made the other types of vertical structural elements in the structure. In particular, on the first floors the columns are composed of C70/85 class concrete, while on the upper floors of C35/45 class concrete. The cores are made of class concretes from the C60/75 - C30/35 range.
Fig. (2). Location on the map.
Fig. (3). Typical floor plan (a) and East-West elevation (b).
The designers analyzed the structure taking into account wind, seismic, and gravity loads, by means of a FE software program. Due to the low level of seismic activity in the area (Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) ≤ 0.05 g), the wind load was recognized as the main horizontal action. Linear dynamic analysis, in addition to the previous one, allowed the natural resonant frequencies and their related modal shapes to be obtained.
3. COMPUTATIONAL MODEL
3.1. Analytical Model
The numerical model, implemented in the Matlab computation code, is based on Carpinteri's analytical formulation [48]. This considers an N-floor building, consisting of M vertical bracings, and has only three degrees of freedom per floor, since the displacement vector {δ}={ξ, η, ϑ}, which is the main unknown of the problem, consists of two translations along the x and y directions and a rigid rotation of the floor. The other unknowns are represented by the load vector {Fi}, i.e. the loads distributed on the i-th resistant element, generated by the external loads applied to each floor {F}={px, py, mz}. This last vector is made up of two concentrated loads acting in the x and y directions and a plane torsional moment.
In the analytical formulation, originally proposed by Carpinteri [48] and subsequently developed in [49-55], all vertical bracings, which can have a closed or open section, are connected to each other at the level of each floor of the building by slabs infinitely rigid in their own plane, but infinitely deformable outside the plane. Each vertical bracing is localized by its own local reference system, originating in the shear center of the section and with axes parallel to the main directions of inertia. All the geometric characteristics of the section, and therefore the local stiffness matrix of the bracing refer to this reference system. When the stiffness matrix of the single bracing is known, we can write the following equation:
Subsequently, by defining an arbitrary global reference system (in this case the origin is placed at the centroid of each floor with the axes parallel to the sides of the building), the global equilibrium equation allows the stiffness matrix of the entire building to be written:
The vector of the forces acting on each bracing is obtained by means of the distribution matrix [Ri]
when the vector {Fi} is known. Inverting the Equation (1) determines the rigid plane displacements {δ}.
For details of the procedure see [58].
This type of approach can also be used to carry out the dynamic analysis of the structure because, according to D'Alembert's Principle, the inertial forces that arise by multiplying the acceleration by the mass of each plane can be considered as static forces and, consequently, can be added to the equation of global equilibrium. By solving the eigenvalue problem, we define the specific vibration frequencies and the modal forms.
The study of the structure was carried out on a simplified model of the building in which constant core thicknesses and constant mechanical properties along the height were considered. This choice is justified by the fact that, in the preliminary design phase, we do not have complete knowledge of the behavior of the structure in order to optimize the sizing. Subsequently, once the main parameters that characterize structural behavior have been identified, the structure is optimized and, finally, a more accurate model can be analyzed with a Finite Element program. For this reason, also the mechanical characteristics of the materials were homogenized with reference to the average resistance of the elements weighed on the number of floors. Following this procedure, an elastic modulus equal to 39 GPa was used for the frame elements, with 35 GPa for the cores, while a Poisson coefficient of 0.18 was assumed for all the elements. As far as the dynamic analysis is concerned, only the structural masses related to the slabs were considered. These were determined considering a specific weight of 18.75 kN/m3.
As already mentioned, core pairs 1-2 and 3-4 are connected by thickening the floor slabs (Fig. 5). These connections stiffen the structure and reduce the transversal displacements, as shown in Fig. (6).
In this case, because the cores are less than two meters apart and the slabs are 0.50 meters thick, the connection can be considered infinitely rigid out of the plane.
To calculate this structure correctly, the original analytical formulation was changed, developing a computation method based on the equivalent flexural stiffness. Since the effect of the connection is to join the sections of the two cores, in addition to the local reference system of each core, it is also possible to define a further reference system for each pair of connected cores. The origin of this reference system lies in the centroid of the section made up of the two cores. Consequently, the geometric characteristics of each core (and therefore the local stiffness matrices) refer to this last reference system. Finally, as previously illustrated, we calculate the global stiffness matrix and, in order to solve the structure from the distribution matrix, we obtain the forces acting on each core and, ultimately, the stresses and displacements of the structure.
3.2. FEM Model
Following the same assumptions adopted for the analytical model, in order to validate the results, a Finite Element Method Model (FEM model) was also created using a commercial software program.
The three frames, four cores and infinitely rigid slabs in their plane were therefore modelled (Fig. 7a). Beam elements were used for the frame and shell elements were used for the cores, while the floors were modelled using rigid links that connect all the points of the plane to a master node coinciding with the geometric centroid of the slabs (Fig. 7b). At this point, the concentrated forces, corresponding to the externally applied loads for the static analysis and the mass of the planes for the dynamic analysis, were applied. All the structural elements are mutually interlocked and anchored to the ground. In this way, a FEM model similar to the analytical model was generated. The FEM model implemented is characterized by 69212 nodes, 1576 beam elements and 66960 shell elements. The amount of data to be analyzed required a much longer computational time (about one hour) than the time required for the analytical algorithm (a few minutes).
3.3. Wind Load
Wind, which is usually considered to be horizontal in direction, exerts actions on constructions that vary in time and space, generally causing dynamic effects that have an extremely important effect on high-rise buildings. In this work, in particular, only the load combination that maximizes the torsional effects induced by the action of the wind was considered, not taking into account the vertical loads induced by the dead load of the structure.
To analyze wind actions, sophisticated methods that require experimental analysis of the structure in a wind tunnel can be used. In the preliminary phase, the lack of detailed knowledge of the structure does not allow the application of these methods, so we used simplified methods. In the following analysis, the procedure proposed by Italian Rules - D.M. 14th January 2008, which reports the same formulation contained in the European Standard EN 1991 (Eurocode 1), was used. The calculation of wind forces depends on the geometric and dynamic characteristics of the structure, the geographical position and the characteristics of the site where the structure is located. Therefore, it requires the determination of certain parameters, primarily the reference wind speed, which in this case corresponds to 25 m/s. Given the importance of the building, a return period of 200 years is considered. Using these data, a kinetic reference pressure of 420.10 N/m2 was obtained. The wind pressure acting on the building is given by the product between the kinetic reference pressure and other coefficients concerning the exposure, shape and dynamics of the structure, which can be calculated using a detailed procedure indicated in Eurocode 1. When the pressures acting on the vertical surfaces of the building are known, it is possible to calculate the forces to be applied to each floor in relation to the areas impacted by the wind. The graphs in Fig. (8) show the forces applied on each plane of the model, referring to the origin of the reference system as shown in Fig. (3). We can see that in correspondence to the last floor, at a height of 188 meters, there is a drastic increase in forces because the wind pressure acting on the surface of the veils was also considered. For the same reason, the forces applied on the first floor are greater, as the inter-floor space is 8.66 meters high. Finally, at a height of 183.73 meters, the Fy force is reduced as a result of the reduction of the area exposed to the wind.
Fig. (4). Geometry of the cores.
Fig. (5). Shear center C and centroid of the section's cores 1&2. The hatching area indicates the connection between the cores.
Fig. (6). Independent cores vs Connected cores.
Fig. (7). FEM model (a) and the rigid link of the floor (b).
Fig. (8). Wind loads on the structures referred to the centroid of the floors.
The results of the structural analysis are summarized in graphs that show the comparisons between the Analytical Model and the Finite Element Model considering the horizontal displacements of the centroid of each floor, and the stresses and strains on the vertical resistant elements. As regards the stress computation, the effects due to bending and secondary torsion were considered, leaving out the component due to vertical forces. This choice was made because, as previously mentioned, the aim of this work is to study mainly the torsional effects in high-rise buildings, ignoring the effects due to vertical loads.
Finally, the dynamic analysis carried out by applying the General Algorithm has determined the primary frequencies of the structure and the relative modes of vibration.
4.1. Displacements
Fig. (9) shows the displacements of the structure in the x and y directions as well as the rotations of the planes. Three models have been created: two models are analytical and show the displacements obtained by applying the General Algorithm, considering cores 1-2 and 3-4, respectively, as not connected, or rigidly connected using the technique previously illustrated in Section 3.1; the third model was obtained using a commercial FEM software program.
From the graphs, the rigid connection between the cores determines a reduction of about 70% of the transversal displacement in direction x, and a reduction of 45% of the plane rotations. A slighter reduction of the displacement in direction y is also evidenced. As a result, the analytical results of the model with the rigid connections show minimal differences compared to the FEM model. With these graphs it has been demonstrated that the connection between two or more cores, achieved by thickening the floor, is a simple structural choice that permits a drastic reduction of the horizontal displacement at a negligible additional cost compared to other structural solutions (i.e. outrigger) that would allow the same deformation levels to be achieved.
4.2. Internal Reactions
When the rigid rotations of plan ϑ are known, Vlasov's theory [34] can be used to determine bimoment (B), the primary torsional moment (MzSV) and the secondary torsional moment (MzVL) acting on each bracing through the following equations:
where Iωω and It indicate the sectorial moment of inertia and the torsional stiffness factor of the section of the considered core respectively, while E and G indicate the axial and tangential modulus of elasticity of the core material, respectively.
Fig. (10) shows bimoment on core 1, which is maximum at the base (warping prevented) and null at the top (free end). Also in this case the effect of the rigid connection with core 2 leads to a reduction in stress.
In the graphs shown in Fig. (11) we can see that the total torsional moment can be subdivided into primary (derived from Saint Venant's Theory) and secondary (derived from Vlasov's Theory). It is important to note that, in the section at the base, the primary torsional moment is null. This result is a direct consequence of the formulated boundary conditions, i.e. the fixed constraint prevents the warping of the section (i.e. ϑ′ = 0). In the top section, however, the sum of the total torsional moment acting on the four cores is equal to the externally applied moment. In the intermediate sections, the trend is determined by the first and third derivative of the plane rotations as illustrated in the Equations (4b and c).
Observing Fig. (12), where the shear diagram is shown, we can see that the frames, due to their weak stiffness, do not contribute to stiffening the structure with respect to the horizontal load. The horizontal load is almost entirely absorbed by the four central cores, while the frames, arranged around the perimeter of the building, take on considerable importance only in order to absorb the vertical loads.
4.3. Stresses
A schematic representation of core 1 is shown in Fig. (13). Moreover, in order to verify the reliability of the results of the analytical model, a comparison in terms of displacements, and in terms of stresses for core 1 are reported in Figs. (14) and Fig. (15).
Fig. (14) shows the comparison between the stresses in the base section of core 1, evaluated by the analytical model with the independent cores (Fig. 14a) and by the analytical model with the rigidly connected cores (Fig. 14b) respectively.
The standard stresses due to the wind load in the section of the base are obtained by the following equation:
where Mx and My indicate the bending moment with reference to the x and y axes, B indicates bimoment, Ixx and Iyy indicate the moments of inertia with respect to x and y, and ω indicates the sectoral area.
Assuming that the bending moments of the two models are almost identical, we can make two important observations. First of all, we can see that, by connecting the cores, the stresses due to My present the same sign in every point of the core because the neutral axis no longer referred to each core, but to the section made up of the two cores (Fig. 6). In this case, the rigid connection causes tensile stress in all points of core 1 and compressive stress on all points of core 2.
The second observation concerns the modulus of stresses (Fig. 15) in that, connecting the cores, the stress due to My is drastically reduced because the moment of inertia of the section made up of the two cores connected together is much greater than that of the single core. The same effect is seen on the stresses induced by warping, although in this case, the reduction of stress is due to the reduction of warping, because the sectorial moment of inertia is the same in both models.
Fig. (9). Displacements in x-direction (δx), displacements in y-direction (δy), and torsional rotations (θ).
Fig. (10). Bimoment on cores 1-3.
Fig. (11). Primary, secondary and total torsional moments on cores 1-3.
Fig. (12). Shear forces on the cores and frames.
Fig. (13). Numbering of the nodes of core 1.
Fig. (14). Vertical stresses on the core 1: (a) independent cores 1&2, (b) connected cores 1&2.
Fig. (15). Comparison between vertical stresses due to bending moment My (σMy) and bimoment (σB) in the core 1.
However, in this case, the stresses induced by warping do not have much influence over bending stresses.
The result was predictable because the geometry of the building, in this case, is quite regular. Moreover, the designers, wishing to limit the torsional effects as much as possible, arranged the cores in such a way as to generate polar symmetry, limiting the effects due to the asymmetries present in each core.
4.4. Dynamic Analysis
As far as the dynamic analysis is concerned, we considered the volume weight of the slabs to be 18.75 kN/m3 and consequently the mass of each floor was calculated. The General Algorithm was used to calculate the vibration frequencies and the mode shapes of the structure. Fig. (16) shows the first three modes of vibration. We can see that mode 1 is predominantly bending, while modes 2 and 3 are predominantly torsional.
The frequencies of the first ten vibration modes are shown in Fig. (17). In this case too, the rigid connection between cores 1-2 and 3-4 makes it possible to obtain the vibration frequencies of the analytical model that lean towards those of the FEM model. In addition, the graph shows greater accuracy for the first vibration modes, and while there are larger differences for the others, this can be accepted as a first approximation.
Fig. (16). Mode shapes and natural frequencies for the first three modes.
Fig. (17). Comparison between FEM and analytical natural frequencies.
In the preliminary phase of the structural analysis of tall and complex buildings, it is convenient to refer to algorithms based on simplified assumptions that make it possible to solve this problem while supplying reliable results.
This paper used the analytical formulation proposed by Carpinteri [48], and subsequently developed [49-55] as the so-called General Algorithm, which permits the static and dynamic analysis of tall buildings characterized by different resistant structural systems, to perform the structural calculation of the Piedmont Region Headquarters Tower. The structural peculiarity of this building consists of the coupling of the central cores through the stiffening of the portion of the floor between them. In particular, it has been demonstrated that this structural solution permits a drastic reduction of the transversal displacement of the structure. This has led to a small but important change to the General Algorithm, which was not previously intended to analyze structures stiffened in this way.
The results obtained were compared with those produced by a FEM program. The comparisons concerned the displacements, stresses and modal frequencies of the structure. This analysis also made it possible to detect the differences in terms of the computational time between the two models.
Although the constructed FEM model was characterized by a very large number of degrees of freedom of the structure, and therefore by much longer computational times than the analytical model, the results between the two computational models are almost completely comparable.
The analysis carried out shows that the use of simplified algorithms can be a valid tool of analysis in the preliminary design phase. Specifically, the algorithm proposed by Carpinteri [48] provided reliable results in short computational times, as well as the possibility of determining the key parameters that manage structural behavior. Clear knowledge of how the "structure works" makes it possible to understand how to optimize the system studied and hence continue detailed analysis with finite element programs.
All the geometric and mechanical data on the Piedmont Region Headquarters Tower in Turin, have been obtained from documents produced by the staff designers.
The considered documents are available in the following web-sites:
(1) http://www.ecsd.it/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/9_NS RP_Afternoon_Presentation.pdf
(2) http://www.poli-listaperta.it/wp-content/uploads/2012 /10/Mola_Franco_Giornata-IV_NSRP_Final1.pdf
For the creation of this manuscript, the authors do not received specific public or private funding, except the regular remuneration provided by Politecnico di Torino to carry out teaching and research activities.
The authors declared no conflict of interest, financial or otherwise.
The authors are grateful to Eng. Domenico Vigorita for the kind collaboration in analyzing the data of the Piedmont Region Headquarters Tower original project.
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[19] Rahgozar R, Ahmadi AR, Ghelichi M, Goudarzi Y, Malekinejad M, Rahgozar P. Parametric stress distribution and displacement functions for tall buildings under lateral loads. Struct Des Tall Spec Build 2014; 23: 22-41.
[20] Swaddiwudhipong S, Piriyakoontorn S, Lim Y, Lee S. Analysis of tall buildings considering the effect of axial deformation by the Galerkin method. Comput Struc 1989; 32: 1363-9.
[21] Heidebrecht AC, Swift D. Analysis of asymmetrical coupled shear walls. J Struct Div 1971; 97: 1407-22.
[22] Tso WK, Biswas JK. General analysis of non-planar coupled shear walls. J Struct Div 1979; 99: 365-80.
[23] Capuani D, Savoia M, Laudiero F. Continuum model for analysis of multiply connected perforated cores. J Eng Mech 1994; 120: 1641-60.
[24] Stamato MC, Mancini E. Three-dimensional interaction of walls and frames. J Struct Eng 1973; 99: 2375-90.
[25] Gluck J, Krauss M. Stress analysis of group of interconnected thin-walled cantilevers. J Struct Div 1973; 99: 2143-65.
[26] Steenbergen RDJM, Blaauwendraad J. Closed-form super element method for tall buildings of irregular geometry. Int J Solids Struct 2007; 44: 5576-97.
[27] Khan FR. Tubular structures for tall buildings, Handbook of Concrete Engineering 1974.
[28] Coull A, Bose B. Simplified Analysis of Framed–Tube Structures. J Struct Div 1975; 101: 2223-40.
[29] Connor JJ, Pouangare CC. Simple model for design of framed tube structures. J Struct Eng 1991; 117: 3623-44.
[30] Kwan AKH. Simple Method for Approximate Analysis of Framed Tube Structures. J Struct Eng 1994; 120: 1221-39.
[31] Timoshenko S. Theory of Elastic Stability 1st ed. 1936.
[32] Timoshenko S. Theory of bending, torsion and buckling of thin walled members of open section. J Franklin Institute 1945; 239(N. 3,4,5)
[33] von Karman T, Wei-Zang C. Torsion with variable twist J Aeronaut Sci 1946; 13: 3-5.
[34] Vlasov V. Thin Walled Elastic Beams 2. 1961.
[35] Pekau O, Zielinski ZA, Lin L. Displacements and frequencies of tall building structures by finite story method. Comput Struc 1995; 54: 1-13.
[36] Pekau O, Lin L, Zielinski ZA. Static and dynamic analysis of tall tube-in-tube structures by finite story method. Eng Struct 1996; 18: 515-27.
[37] Meftah SA, Tounsi A, El-Abbas AB. A simplified approach for seismic calculation of a tall building braced by shear walls and thin-walled open section structures. Eng Struct 2007; 29: 2576-85.
[38] Dutta A, Hamburger R, Bono ST. Performance Based Analysis of a Historic High Rise Building. Open Constr Build Technol J 2012; 6: 278-90.
[39] Bozdogan KB. Free vibration analysis of asymmetric shear wall-frame buildings using modified finite element-transfer matrix method. Struct Eng Mech 2013; 46: 1-17.
[40] Bozdogan KB, Ozturk D. Free Vibration Analysis of the Tube-in-Tube Tall Buildings with the Differential Transform Method. Adv Struct Eng 2014; 17: 1271-9.
[41] Bosco M, Ghersi A, Marino EM, Rossi PP. Prediction of the Seismic Response of Steel Frames with Concentric Diagonal Bracings. Open Constr Build Technol J 2013; 7: 118-28.
[42] Ferraioli M, Avossa AM, Mandara A. Assessment of Progressive Collapse Capacity of Earthquake-Resistant Steel Moment Frames Using Pushdown Analysis. Open Constr Build Technol J 2014; 8: 324-36.
[43] Lu XZ, Xie LL, Guan H, Huang YL, Lu X. A shear wall element for nonlinear seismic analysis of super-tall buildings using OpenSees. Finite Elem Anal Des 2015; 98: 14-25.
[44] Lu XZ, Xie LL, Yu C, Lu X. Development and application of a simplified model for the design of a super-tall mega-braced frame-core tube building. Eng Struct 2016; 110: 116-26.
[45] Kolozvari K, Terzic V, Miller R, Saldana D. Assessment of dynamic behavior and seismic performance of a high-rise rc coupled wall building. Eng Struct 2018; 176: 606-20.
[46] Ji X, Liu D, Molina Hutt C. Seismic performance evaluation of a high-rise building with novel hybrid coupled walls. Eng Struct 2018; 169: 216-25.
[47] Mahmoud S. Horizontally connected high-rise buildings under earthquake loadings. Ain Shams Eng J 2019; 10: 227-41.
[48] Carpinteri A, Carpinteri An. Lateral loading distribution between the elements of a three dimensional civil structure. Comput Struc 1985; 2: 563-80.
[49] Carpinteri A, Lacidogna G, Cammarano S. Structural analysis of high-rise buildings under horizontal loads: A study on the Intesa Sanpaolo Tower in Turin. Eng Struct 2013; 56: 1362-71.
[50] Nitti G, Lacidogna G, Carpinteri A. Tall buildings subjected to horizontal loading: Analysis of two case studies by an in-house numerical code Proceedings of the 23rd Conference of the Italian Association of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics 2017; 292-300.
[51] Carpinteri A, Lacidogna G, Puzzi S. A global approach for three dimensional analysis of tall buildings. Struct Des Tall Spec Build 2010; 19: 518-36.
[52] Carpinteri A, Corrado M, Lacidogna G, Cammarano S. Lateral load effects on tall shear wall structures of different height. Struct Eng Mech 2012; 41: 313-37.
[53] Carpinteri A, Lacidogna G, Cammarano S. Conceptual design of tall and unconventionally shaped structures: A handy analytical method. Adv Struct Eng 2014; 17: 757-73.
[54] Carpinteri A, Lacidogna G, Montrucchio B, Cammarano S. The effect of the warping deformation on the structural behaviour of thin-walled open section shear walls. Thin-walled Struct 2014; 84: 335-43.
[55] Lacidogna G. Tall buildings: Secondary effects on the structural behaviour. Proc Inst Civ Eng, Struct Build 2017; 6: 391-405.
[56] Capurso M. Sul calcolo delle travi in parete sottile in presenza di forze e distorsioni. Ric Sci [in Italian] 1964; 6: 213-41.
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[58] Carpinteri A, Lacidogna G, Nitti G. Open and closed shear-walls in high-rise structural systems: Static and dynamic analysis. Curved Layer Struct 2016; 3: 154-71.
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The Open Construction & Building Technology Journal
Volume: 13, 2019
Processing Time: Average publication time of 18 days between final acceptance of revised manuscript and its publication
Panagiotis G. Asteris
School of Pedagogical & Technological Education
Computational Mechanics Laboratory
Biography of Panagiotis G. Asteris
Panagiotis G. Asteris is an associate professor, Head of the Computational Mechanics Laboratory and Director of Master's Program in Applied Computational Structural Engineering (ACSE) at the School of Pedagogical & Technological Education, Athens, Greece. He received BS, MS and PhD degrees in civil engineering from the National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece. His research focuses on computational structural engineering, applied and computational mathematics and masonry materials and structures. Professor Asteris is the author/editor of three books in structural engineering. He has authored more than 100 publications mainly on peer-reviewed international journals and conference proceedings.
School of Pedagogical & Technological Education, Computational Mechanics Laboratory, Athens, Greece
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Evaluation of Characteristics of Concrete Mixed with Bamboo Leaf Ash
An Enhanced Beam Model for the Analysis of Masonry Walls
Key Mechanisms of the Seismic Behaviour of External RC Wide Beam–column Joints
Flow Test for Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag-Fly Ash Inorganic Polymer Mix Designed for Pre-Placed Gravel Pavement
Innovative Structural Solutions for Prefab Reinforced Concrete Hall-Type Buildings
Stefano Sorace, Gloria Terenzi
The Contribution of the Infill Walls to the Lateral Strength of Concrete Frames
Petros Christou, Christos Venizelou
Design Provisions for An Easy Intervention in the Future Life of a Structure. The Case of the Post- Byzantine Timber-roofed Basilicas of Troodos Area in Cyprus
Marios Pelekanos
Cracking in Reinforced Concrete Structures Damaged by Artificial Corrosion: An Overview
Stefania Imperatore, Zila Rinaldi
Interventions to Structural System of Masonry Buildings and their Effects to their Seismic Response
Fillitsa V. Karantoni, Dimitris N. Sarantitis
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The Open Construction & Building Technology Journal is an Open Access online journal, which publishes research articles, reviews, letters, case reports and guest-edited single topic issues in all areas of construction and building technology. Bentham Open ensures speedy peer review process and accepted papers are published within 2 weeks of final acceptance.
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"Open access will revolutionize 21st century knowledge work and accelerate the diffusion of ideas and evidence that support just in time learning and the evolution of thinking in a number of disciplines."
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. —Jacques Descotes. (Centre Antipoison-Centre de Pharmacovigilance, France).
"Publishing research articles is the key for future scientific progress. Open Access publishing is therefore of utmost importance for wider dissemination of information, and will help serving the best interest of the scientific community."
. —Patrice Talaga. (UCB S.A., Belgium).
"Open access journals are a novel concept in the medical literature. They offer accessible information to a wide variety of individuals, including physicians, medical students, clinical investigators, and the general public. They are an outstanding source of medical and scientific information."
. —Jeffrey M. Weinberg. (St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center, USA).
"Open access journals are extremely useful for graduate students, investigators and all other interested persons to read important scientific articles and subscribe scientific journals. Indeed, the research articles span a wide range of area and of high quality. This is specially a must for researchers belonging to institutions with limited library facility and funding to subscribe scientific journals."
. —Debomoy K. Lahiri. (Indiana University School of Medicine, USA).
"Open access journals represent a major break-through in publishing. They provide easy access to the latest research on a wide variety of issues. Relevant and timely articles are made available in a fraction of the time taken by more conventional publishers. Articles are of uniformly high quality and written by the world's leading authorities."
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Your Office 365 Reports include a powerful range of filter and search functions to help you get exactly the information you want. This page will explain these different functions and provide some common examples.
Most of your reports will have a blue Report Filters button on the top right hand side.
Clicking this button expands the Filtering engine which allows you to customise the data returned by the report. Using these filters you can create complex and targeted queries for the data in the report.
To get started, click the Add Filter button. You can add as many filter parameters as you wish.
The first box allows you to specify the AND/OR Operator. The first filter will always use AND.
The second box choose which Office 365 Attribute to filter on – select the one you want from the list.
The third box allows you to specify whether the Office 365 attribute Equals, Does Not Equal, Contains, Does Not Contain, Is Less Than, Is Greater Than, the value that you put into the next box. If you use the Is Empty or Is Not Empty field the next box is ignored.
The fourth box is your search query.
When you put it all together, you can do things like find all Inactive Users from the Sales Department.
You can also use the Save Report button to save these filters. Click the Saved Reports section in the Navigation Bar on the left hand side to see your Saved Reports.
If you want to show all results with a specific date, you should use the Contains operator and specify the date in the YYYY-MM-DD format.
You can also apply variable date filters to generate reports like "User Accounts Created in the Past 7 Days" by using English time concepts within the filter. You can enter values such as Today, Yesterday and "First Day of Last Month" as well as mathematical operations such as "-7 days".
A common requirement is to schedule rolling monthly reports. This is now relatively easy by combining two date filters which will return results between two variable dates. The example below will return all users who Last Logged On in the previous month.
You can also use the search box at the top of the Data table to return more granular results.
Simply type part of a users name or UserPrincipalName or other value from the table into the search box to return only those results.


Off-the record conversations happen all the time in the offline world. They are better known as phone calls, meetings, or chats over coffee. They allow you to be honest and genuine without worrying that every word is being archived. BUT, what you say online remains forever.


text:
English (APAC)
Human Spaces — Latest Posts
From Rendering to Reality: Navigating the Construction of a New Global Headquarters
When you embark on the process of renovating an office space or even building new, everything is important. From design and space considerations down to building materials and fabric selections, there are so many variables to juggle — and that's just pre-occupancy.
Sonya Lehner
Working Toward Sustainable Manufacturing with Manufacture 2030
When you're on a mission to reverse global warming, collaboration is critical. Sometimes collaboration can seem like a buzzword and less of a business strategy. How do we choose the right opportunities and the right partners to collaborate for maximum impact? Often, the most impactful collaborations occur with partners outside of our industry. And the benefit…
How +Positive Spaces Can Create a Healthier Planet
Can a built space not only have a positive impact on those who occupy it, but also on the environment outside the building? We believe the answer is yes. Buildings of the past simply focused on the function and aesthetics of a space. As construction processes evolved, it became apparent that some of the development,…
Factory as a Forest: Reimagining Facilities as Ecosystems
Interface has a history of looking to nature for inspiration. When the company first embraced sustainability in 1994, one of the first questions we asked was "If nature designed a company, how would it function?" This early thinking helped us create a framework to redesign our business to become one that had no negative impacts…
Merlyn Mathew
Using Biophilia to Design a Better Learning Environment
Situated in the heart of the Forest of Dean, St. White's Primary School wanted to draw on the surrounding landscape to create a nature-infused space that would reconnect students with the outdoors. The new building combines outdoor play areas and forest views with nature-inspired fixtures and fittings. There are proven benefits to incorporating nature-inspired –…
+Positive Spaces Make People Happier
Put simply, great design has a positive impact on people's lives. The design of a space and the products that go into it should allow the people who work, live and exist there to be happier. +Positive spaces™ motivate us to be our best, but they also help us feel our best. From inspiring color…
Expanding Our Product Line With Nora
Throughout our history at Interface, customers have guided our development. With your questions, your input and your challenges, you've helped us pioneer carpet tile, reinvent it with biophilic design, rethink how industry deals with sustainability, and, recently, integrate our design approach with hard and soft flooring surfaces. And, over the years you've rewarded us for…
Jay Gould
Carbon Neutrality – A Shared Ride
As carbon dioxide (CO2) levels continue to rise in our atmosphere, more and more companies are realizing they can make a difference by becoming carbon neutral. That is, ensuring their products or processes result in no net release of CO2 into the atmosphere.
Jon Khoo
Biophilic Design in Urban Architecture: The Oasia Hotel in Singapore
The Oasia Hotel Downtown, designed by Woha, a Singapore-based architectural firm, is one of the most stunning skyscrapers in Asia. There is, first, the signal-red mesh envelope, a splash of color unlike anything in its neighborhood, and then the surreptitious patches of green that seem to slowly envelop the building. Planted façades are not new…
Nirmal Kishnani
Better Products Make for +Positive Spaces
People's expectations of interior spaces are becoming increasingly complicated. To keep pace (and even outpace) our complex lives, today's built environments must offer more than ever before. It's not enough for the spaces we live and work in to simply exist – they need to contribute to our lives, offering something positive.
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Oliver Heath
As a leading figure in biophilic design, Oliver is working with global modular flooring manufacturer Interface to raise the awareness of the benefits of design inspired by nature. A prominent thinker in the architecture industry and owner of Heath Design Ltd, Oliver is also a writer and TV presenter.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Let's face it. HVAC problems are never convenient. With our 24/7 Emergency line, we'll get you up and running when you need it most.
© 2019 Salt Air, Inc. formerly Reeves Heating & Air Conditioning. All rights reserved.


Situated an easy 1½ hour's drive from Sandton, this internationally acclaimed tourist attraction highlights the universal relevance of the Cradle of Humankind as our ancestral home. The tour visits the Sterkfontein Caves, where the earliest hominid fossils dating back over 3 million years were discovered. At Maropeng you can experience fascinating, interactive representations of the origins of the earth and life on our planet. A boat ride takes you back 3 billion years through the elements that started life on the planet, and your journey continues through a 150 metre interactive 'virtual cave'.
A visit to the Origins Centre explores the beginning of life on our planet. This museum celebrates the history of modern humankind, telling the story of the emergence of human beings and their evolution into humanity as we know it. The tour is of interest to both adults and children and is a 'must see' on the itinerary of anyone passing through Gauteng.


When you are looking for a professional criminal solicitor, there are numerous things that you should take into consideration. You ought to insist that you want to look at the license of your potential criminal solicitor so that you can confirm that they are valid. Thus, you ought to find a few criminal solicitors and then conduct further research on their quality of services. You should not have to travel for a long distance to interview your potential criminal solicitors and thus, you should narrow down your search to the ones that are nearby. Therefore, make sure that you choose an individual that is aggressive and the one that is ready to do all that it takes to win your case. There are numerous kind of cases in the criminal field.
It is important that you choose a criminal solicitor that only handles criminal cases so that you can be certain that the professional has sufficient knowledge about his work. You ought to ask for recommendations from other individuals that have used the services of a professional criminal solicitor in the past and guarantee that you ask about their experiences. That means that a criminal solicitor from a large company likely has more experience and is able to handle a large project unlike a criminal solicitor from a small company that will give your case more attention. The reputation of the service provider that you pick will determine the quality of services that you will receive. Therefore, ensure that you read the online comments of your potential criminal solicitors since that will assist you to learn more about the reputation of the professionals. That means that the insurance companies will only suggest a low amount of compensations to the criminal solicitors that are afraid to take their cases to court and hence such a professional is not a good choice for you.
Ensure that you choose a service provider that will also ask you some questions about the kind of legal representation services that you are interested in so that he can determine the right way to offer the services. Another consideration is the cost of the criminal solicitors services that you want. The prices of different criminal solicitors depend on a number of factors such as the experience level of the professional and hence you should do a comparison so that you can find the one that is in line with your budget. You ought to do your research online and ensure that you read the information that you will find on the various websites. The best criminal solicitor for you is the one that is easily reachable. You ought to ask for some names of former customers so that you can confirm if the clients were happy with the quality of services that they received.


Dr. Patricia Ripoll was born and raised in La Habana, Cuba. Dr. Ripoll has over 48 years teaching experience. This experience has covered high school, undergraduate and graduate teaching. Additionally, Dr. Ripoll worked for twenty six years in Philadelphia's Department of Human Services as a Program Analysist, Training Director, Quality Assurance Supervisor, and Administrator of Policy and Planning. Dr. Ripoll has served as a child welfare program reviewer and as a grant reviewer for the federal Administration for Children and Families. for the Policy and Planning Section of the Department. Dr. Ripoll came to Walden in 2004 where she has been a contributing faculty in SPPA.


text:
module Enumerable
  def count_by(&block)
    Hash[group_by(&block).map { |k, v| [k, v.size] }]
  end

  def count_each
    count_by { |e| e }
  end

  def each_with_iteration
    Enumerator.new do |y|
      iteration = 1
      enum = self.cycle
      loop do
        enum.peek # raises StopIteration if self.empty?
        self.size.times do
          e = [enum.next, iteration]
          y << (block_given? ? yield(e) : e)
        end
        iteration += 1
      end
    end
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The Exorcist. I watched this last night, as it premiered on British TV. I'm not really a fan of horror movies, and really only went to see the Blair Witch Project because it was so hyped (though I enjoyed it).The Exorcist came as quite a surprise. I was impressed by all the imagery and special effects, and was chilled by the depiction of Regan, but I was only scared outright by the noises emanating from the attic. The film is definitely worth watching.
Reach for the Stars - S Club 7. This may just be the ultimate post-ironic anthem. Expect it in our TV campaign.


text:
"Immersion is a win-win; exclusion is a lose-lose"
While 21% of Israel's population is Arab, only 1.2% work in the country's booming hi-tech industry. A new government plan is seeking to narrow the gap, but it is not without its challenges
Goal is to quadruple number of Arab engineers in 5 years' time. Photo: Unsplash
Nearly two million Arab citizens live in the State of Israel, amounting to roughly 21% of the general population, and representing the largest minority in the country. But in 2019, only 1.2% of all employed Arab citizens worked in the hi-tech industry, compared to 10.7% of Jewish employees. This, according to a recent Bank of Israel study.
In 2018, The share of Arab citizens among degree recipients in hi-tech professions only 4%, and they represent a mere 3% of all young workers in hi tech. And this is just part of the whole story. There are major socio-economic disparities between Israel's Jewish and Arab society, in all walks of life: education, income and earning potential, health, transportation, personal safety and more.
But now, it appears that change is finally on the horizon. The government recently approved a multi-billion NIS 5-year plan called called Taqadum (Arabic for "progress" or "moving forward"), whose objective is to reduce the gaps between Israel's Arab society and the general one (namely, the Jewish sector). 600 million NIS (about $193 million) will go towards increasing participation of the Arab sector in the country's hi-tech industry, which amounts to 15% of its GDP.
Photo courtesy Tsofen
"This is the first time a 5-year plan regarding Israel's Arab society addresses hi-tech integration issues, and we are incredibly excited about this," says Revital Duek, Co-Executive Director of Tsofen ("code" in Hebrew), a non-profit organization whose goal is to facilitate the integration of Arab citizens into hi-tech firms, as well as expand the industry's presence in predominantly Arab areas. Tsofen also co-authored the governmental plan, together with the Forum of the Heads of Local Arab Authorities.
"There is so much hope here, and this plan is feasible. With our partners, we can make it happen" Duek says.
Overcoming multiple barriers
Founded in 2008 and operating from Nazareth and Kafr Qasim, Tsofen's developed a programmatic model that includes candidate recruitment, training and placement, while collaborating with corporate and government leaders. Over the past 12 years, Tsofen has placed more than 2,500 engineers in hi-tech positions. There are currently some 5,000 Arab engineers nationwide. The goal is to have 20 thousand in five years' time. But many challenges lie ahead.
"There are multiple barriers that we are working hard to overcome," says Dr. Ramzi Halabi, Tsofen's Chaiman of the Board. "First, there's the geographical barrier. Most Arabs in Israel live in periphery areas, in places that are relatively far from hi-tech's main hubs in central Israel. There is also the psychological barrier, concerns about firing in as a minority.
"Also, in hi-tech, the Bring-a-Friend method is prevalent – but do date, there still aren't enough Arab employees who bring their friends, Halabi continues." It's different from the Jewish hi-tech employees who often serve in elite military units that open doors for them."
Revital Duek and Dr. Ramzi Halabi. Photo courtesy Tsofen
And then there's the biggest elephant in the room, the Jewish-Arab relationship crisis. "Every time something happens, like Guardians of the Walls in May, it sets us back, further damages the joint society we are hoping for" says Halabi, adding with optimism that "we can overcome these barriers, but it is not something that can happen on its own. There's a lot of work to do."
Halabi and Duek appear to truly work well together, completing each other's sentences in the joint Zoom interview we held last week. Their different backgrounds and perspectives on Israeli society complement each other in creating Tsofen's holistic, inclusive approach. Duek is Jewish, with two decades of hi-tech work under her belt. Halabi, whose PhD thesis examined economy and employment in Israel's Arab sector, is the former mayor of Druze town Daliyat al-Karmel and veteran politician.
"I always say that if 21% of Israeli population isn't incorporated enough in the society, then it's a lose-lose situation, while incorporation and immersion is a win-win. And you can't discuss true integration without hi-tech," says Halabi.
Duek adds, in honesty, that "in my 22 years in hi-tech, I didn't recruit enough Arab talent, and now I understand how critical this is. But diversity is only one aspect. Executives need to recruit real talent, which is ample in the Arab sector, but they need the to help them recognize this talent."
Between optimism and concern
On the surface of things, this plan sounds great. But can it really work and foster real change, or are you worried it might just fizzle out?
I'll answer you as a politician, who has a lot of experience with multi annual plans," says Halabi. "There are many people in government ministries who are experts on how to just shift money from side to side without actually doing much, but regarding this plan, I'm generally optimistic. However, I don't think that the realization percentage will be what the government committed to, I doubt it. And I think that we're going to have to work very hard."
"This program is built on four pillars," says Duek. "Education; human capital, which includes various programs like internships; entrepreneurship and innovation – and a great deal of cooperation needs to take place inside the ecosystem for that; and digitization and improved infrastructure. So there is a lot to do, and things are interconnected. We need everyone's cooperation."
"There are many other potential setbacks and reasons this can fail – due to lack of available land for the innovation centers we want to build, problems within the education system, financial concerns, planning that isn't authorized…there's a lot," adds Halabi.
"The plan as it stands is very important. In the past, on the municipal level, we spoke more about infrastructure, basic stuff, roads, public buildings, sewage. Now we've moved further along," he says, also stressing the need for cooperation "on all levels, from government offices through local municipalities to the private sector, with the help of the non-profits, like ourselves, who connect it all."
Q: Let's discuss the position of women in this new plan. A sore spot as it is, as women's integration in hi-tech, especially in top positions, is notoriously low worldwide
"In the Arab society, there's so much untapped potential," says Duek. "Research shows that Arab girls in Israel do better in science at school , but unfortunately that doesn't translate to employment. H-tech hubs are usually far from traditional Arab communities and so many women end up working at what's availably close to home, which is mostly being a teacher. There is a surpluss of 11 thousand Arab teachers, and some of them could have definitely been diverted to hi-tech."
"However, women are no less talented, and once the employment area is accessible, many women join," says Halabi. "In Nazareth's hi-tech center, for example, there are currently more than 1300 Jewish and Arab engineers working together, and 25% are women." This is above the national average of Israeli women in hi-tech, which stands at 20%.
"70% of Arab university students are women. We received data from the Technion (Israel Institute of Technology, a highly esteemed public research university, MK) which indicates that 55% of freshman computer science students are women. So if this isn't a revolution – I don't know what a revolution is.
"Also, the Arab society is becoming more modernized, more accepting of the fact that women can leave their town or village to study or work, immerse themselves in general society. The conservatism index is constantly decreasing."
The watchdog's role
Going forward, how to you see Tsofen's role?
Duek: we're not done. This plan and will rise and fall on realization, of which there is so much potential. We've discussed the challenges in implementation ahead, and I think Tsofen needs to serve as a watchdog, liaising everyone, finding was to make sure things happen."
"Halabi: "Let's not forget that while we're discussing hi-tech, specifically engineers, there's a much greater system around. Hi-tech centers generate a lot of employment around them – catering, shuttle services, low tech and so on – so it's not just engineers, it's a whole ecosystem that supports this industry. We need to make sure things don't remain on the declarative level."
"We're building a community, an ecosystem on both the national as well as the local level," adds Duek.
"And here's another issue we're trying to be part of, the important question of whether once the socio-economic status of the country's Arab population is improved, together with Jewish-Arab cooperation, will we be able to overcome the gaps of politics and identity?" asks Halabi, only to immediately answer that he hopes that "If the Arabic society sees it has a lot to gain from this cooperation, and that it will miss out by not taking part, then this will provide motivation for the younger generation.
Arab society
Tsofen
The End of the Golden Age of Ransomware?
From 99% purchase fees to capitalizing on FOMO: crypto scammers use fake tokens to steal our money
2022 will not show kindness towards the ill-prepared


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Commodities are the objects of trade in commerce around the world. Gold, silver, oil: Commodities are the goods exchanged raw, rather than in a manufactured state. Commodities can be traded in physical states, as in gold bars, using futures and spot prices. Many traders, however, use electronic trading, as in EFTs, in lieu of physical shares, focusing instead on the spread of the buy and sell price. Dive deeper into commodity markets.
The Futures Industry Association (FIA) is a leading authority on the global derivatives industry. Headquartered in Singapore, Brussels, London and Washington D.C., the FIA is an advisory body to the…
In October 1973, the Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) imposed an oil embargo on municipalities perceived to be supporters of Israel during the Yom Kippur War. Nations around the…
While the blockchain was first introduced for use with bitcoin,[1] this distributed ledger system has many other uses. Technologists, developers, market observers and futurists have all speculated on the blockchain's…
The Intercontinental Exchange (ICE) is a derivatives and over-the-counter (OTC) marketplace offering a wide variety of securities. The ICE network is made up of 13 standardised exchanges and seven clearinghouses…
OPEC stands for the Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, which is a cartel of some of the largest oil-producing nations in the world. In its early years, OPEC was…
Energy CFDs: A Look At UKOIL And USOIL
Commonly referred to as the economic lifeblood of a nation, crude oil is a sought-after commodity and popular mode of trade. The global oil markets are premier destinations for traders…
What Is The Petroyuan?
In late March 2018, the global trade of crude oil recognised a new entrant to the marketplace. A product denominated in the Chinese yuan renminbi (CNY, RMB) known as the…
What Is The Petrodollar?
Beginning in 1944 with the ratification of the Bretton Woods Accords, the United States dollar (USD) has served as the world's predominant reserve currency. It is held in vast stores…
Bitcoin Trading Basics
Before an investor trades bitcoin, they should be sure to review the basics. By doing so, they can increase their chances of meeting their investment objectives, whether they want to…
What Are The Blockchain's Limitations?
Would-be digital currency traders should keep in mind that while they can generate substantial gains through blockchain-based assets, there are many different factors they should consider before making trades. Failure…
What Is A Hard Fork?
There is more than one way to define a hard fork. One definition is that a hard fork is a permanent change to the rules of a digital currency's blockchain.[1]…
Forex Trading Demo
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package org.springframework.boot.actuate.autoconfigure.beans;

import org.springframework.boot.actuate.autoconfigure.endpoint.condition.ConditionalOnEnabledEndpoint;
import org.springframework.boot.actuate.beans.BeansEndpoint;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnMissingBean;
import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

/**
 * {@link EnableAutoConfiguration Auto-configuration} for the {@link BeansEndpoint}.
 *
 * @author Phillip Webb
 * @since 2.0.0
 */
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnEnabledEndpoint(endpoint = BeansEndpoint.class)
public class BeansEndpointAutoConfiguration {

	@Bean
	@ConditionalOnMissingBean
	public BeansEndpoint beansEndpoint(
			ConfigurableApplicationContext applicationContext) {
		return new BeansEndpoint(applicationContext);
	}

}


I am currently seeking stable employment opportunity within a company where my employment history, transferrable skills, abilities, willingness to work as an individual or part of a team and also a dedication to providing the best level of customer service to all current and new customers/clients.
I am a keen learner and I am happy to learn any new system or method for what my job entails, with a flexible approach as to what deadlines that need to be met first then work on the next task. I have done diploma in Business Administration and have studied a wide range of administration programs and how to help run the front of a business smoothly.


text:
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Fasig-Tipton consolidates yearling sales
Fasig-Tipton will consolidate its July, Saratoga and New York-Bred yearling sales into one selected yearling auction – the 2020 Selected Yearlings Showcase – to be held Wednesday and Thursday, September 9-10, at its Lexington, Kentucky facility. The company came to the decision after evaluating the progression of the COVID-19 pandemic for the last several weeks.
"We are excited to offer our buyers and sellers a selected yearling venue in Kentucky," said Fasig-Tipton President Boyd Browning. "We envision this catalog will include yearlings that would traditionally fit our Saratoga Sale, as well as those that would fall in the upper echelons of our July and New York-Bred yearling sales."
The July, Saratoga and New York-Bred selected yearling sales will return to their traditional dates in 2021. The company intends to conduct the remainder of its 2020 auction calendar as scheduled, including its upcoming Midlantic 2-year-olds in training sale June 29-30 in Timonium, Maryland.
Fasig-Tipton will also offer a group of selected New York-bred yearlings as part of the Saratoga Fall mixed sale October 20 in Saratoga Springs, New York.
"2020 has been a difficult year so far, and we are all being forced to make decisions that we never envisioned having to make," said Browning. "We waited as long as possible to come to these determinations, conducting our due diligence to ensure that we make informed decisions that are in the best interests of our buyers and sellers."
"The two-year-old sales season needs to conclude before yearling sales begin – which makes a traditional July sale unfeasible. Our two Saratoga auctions are tied closely to the race meet. We desperately want to see a traditional Saratoga race meet as much as anyone. However, the details for the race meet – including whether spectators will be permitted – are understandably not finalized. We are at a point in time where we must provide our sellers with a definitive schedule so that they can make sales plans for their yearlings.
"We considered several different dates in August and early September for a Kentucky sale, but the September 9 and 10 dates make the most sense from a variety of perspectives. For the travel convenience of buyers, as well as coordination of potential health and safety protocols, our sale and Keeneland September are best served to be positioned closer together. Fasig-Tipton and Keeneland have been in steady contact with one another and are working together in a cooperative effort to do what's best for our industry during these challenging times."
"Keeneland is committed to do everything possible to help our industry navigate these extraordinary times," Keeneland President and CEO Bill Thomason said. "These past few weeks, we have had many conversations with Fasig-Tipton about constructive efforts to benefit the industry, including scheduling of sales and consistent safety protocols. We will continue to work together on policies and measures to keep participants safe and provide assurances to our customers as we move forward."
All yearlings cataloged in the Selected Yearlings Showcase will be approved on pedigree and physical conformation by Fasig-Tipton's selection team over the next several weeks, ahead of the sale's June 15 entry deadline.
Nominations for the Selected Yearlings Showcase are now open at fasigtipton.com. Yearlings already nominated to Fasig-Tipton's July, Saratoga, and New York-Bred yearling sales do not need to re-nominate. There is no fee to nominate.
To learn more about Fasig-Tipton's 2020 Selected Yearlings Showcase sale, please visit fasigshowcase.com.
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Global Force Wrestling and Wyndham Volunteers Bring Annual Charity Event to Camp Boggy Creek
July 28, 2017 – For the sixth year in a row, associates from the Wyndham Vacation Ownership (WVO) Legal Services team joined superstars from Global Force Wrestling to provide an unforgettable experience to campers at Camp Boggy Creek in Eustis, Fla. The camp, founded in 1996 by Paul Newman and General H. Norman Schwarzkopf, welcomes children with serious illnesses and life-threatening conditions to enjoy a summer camp experience free of charge. More than 30 Wyndham volunteers assisted with this year's "Champions for Children" charity event featuring 16 premier Global Force wrestlers during the camp's "Hemophilia and Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis" week.
"We greatly appreciate the Global Force Wrestling team and Wyndham volunteers coming out to Camp to provide an exhibition event," said June Clark, chief executive officer, Camp Boggy Creek. "They do a terrific job and the campers look forward to the fun and excitement each year. It's heartwarming to see the Global Force Wrestling team and Wyndham volunteers spending a day at Camp to 'give back' and brighten the lives of children with serious illnesses."
The day began with the wrestling stars greeting campers at breakfast and leading them in morning aerobics. Campers then engaged in a "meet and greet" which included photographs, autographs and receiving various gifts from both Global Force Wrestling and Wyndham. Following the "meet and greet," campers were able to watch exclusive exhibition wrestling matches featuring a six-sided ring and inspiring speeches.
"The athletes from Global Force Wrestling were great to work with and being able to get in the ring and represent Camp Boggy Creek was an honor," added Darren Dannelly, chief operating officer, Camp Boggy Creek. "Lifetime memories were created because of the hard work of Global Force Wrestling and Wyndham Vacation Ownership. The campers were thrilled when the camp was honored with the championship belt!"
Since 2012, Ryan Jevec, legal document specialist for WVO and associate producer at Global Force Wrestling, has organized this memorable event for more than 150 campers in attendance. "I am privileged each year to be able to collaborate with my friends at Global Force Wrestling and Wyndham Vacation Ownership to create a fun and exciting day for truly amazing children at Camp Boggy Creek. The strength and courage of these special kids is a true inspiration to us all," said Jevec. "It is our sincere honor and pleasure to be able to visit the camp every year and bring smiles to these brave children."
About Camp Boggy Creek:
Camp Boggy Creek serves children ages 7 to 16 with illnesses including cancer, immune deficiency, severe asthma, sickle cell, spina bifida, epilepsy and several other illnesses. Programs are offered year-round and families are never charged to participate. Operating Camp requires a devoted staff, about 2000 volunteers and an annual budget of almost $5 million dollars funded by donations from individuals, corporations, foundations and healthcare partners. Camp Boggy Creek is a U.S. 501(c) (3) tax-exempt organization. Additional information is available at campboggycreek.org or by following Camp Boggy Creek on Facebook, Twitter or Instagram.
About Global Force Wrestling:
Global Force Wrestling is one of the world's largest wrestling entertainment properties, creating more than 200 hours of original content annually across television and other digital platforms. Global Force Wrestling specializes in events, products, merchandise and music, as well as the management and promotion of professional wrestlers. The roster features such greats as Bobby Lashley, Alberto El Patron, EC3, Eddie Edwards, Davey Richards, James Storm, Low-Ki and the high-flying X-Division, plus the lovely and lethal Knockouts, including Gail Kim. Its highly successful flagship, IMPACT WRESTLING, broadcasts in more than 120 countries around the world, including Thursdays at 8 p.m. ET/PT on Pop (a joint venture of CBS Corporation and Lionsgate) in the United States, Fight Network and GameTV in Canada, Sony Six in India, Spike UK in the United Kingdom and SuperSport in Africa.
About Wyndham Vacation Ownership:
Wyndham Vacation Ownership, a member of Wyndham Worldwide's (NYSE: WYN) family of companies, is the world's largest vacation ownership business, as measured by the number of vacation ownership resorts, individual vacation ownership units and owners of vacation ownership interests. Headquartered in Orlando, Florida, the company develops and operates an expansive portfolio of resorts, managing comprehensive vacation ownership sales, marketing, and consumer financing operations. The company's seven primary consumer brands include: CLUB WYNDHAM®, WorldMark® by Wyndham, CLUB WYNDHAM® ASIA, WorldMark South Pacific Club by Wyndham, Shell Vacations Club, Margaritaville Vacation Club® by Wyndham and WYNDHAM CLUB BRASILSM. As of December 31, 2016, the company has developed or acquired 219 vacation ownership resorts in the U.S., Canada, Mexico, the Caribbean, South America and the South Pacific that represent approximately 25,000 individual vacation ownership units and nearly 900,000 owners of vacation ownership interests. Wyndham Vacation Ownership is supported by approximately 18,000 associates worldwide.
PRESS RELEASE SOURCE: Wyndham Vacation Ownership
Danielle Barnes2017-07-28T08:16:24-05:00July 28th, 2017|Tags: Camp Boggy Creek, Champions for Children, Darren Donnelly, Global Force Wrestling, June Clark, Ryan Javec, Wyndham Vacation Ownership, Wyndham Vacation Ownership Legal Services|


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Teach & Tell: Serkan Karadas and Tammy Schlosky
We have a new Finance major! What does a major in finance look like at Sewanee? How does it incorporate courses beyond Economics? What new courses have been developed for this major?
Source: Center for Teaching
Backwards and in High Heels: How Immigration Law, Policy, and Practice Affect Women
Immigration lawyer Sarah Owings C'03 is coming back to Sewanee to share her career stories and advice with current students.
Source: English
Become a French Teacher!
The Southern Teacher's Agency places teachers in private and independent schools across the Southeast and is hiring for the following school year. Graduating students who have the potential to become good French teachers should apply as soon as possible to become a candidate with Southern Teachers.
Source: French and French Studies
The Prophetess
The Prophetess will take you on a musical journey into the afterlife . . . and beyond!
Source: Theatre and Dance
Prof. McDonough's "Mine 21" Wins Media Award
Mine 21 artfully illustrates how a catastrophe can impact an entire community.
Source: Classics
James Blue's "The March," the Long Civil Rights Movement, and Martin Luther King's August 28, 1963 March on Washington Address
Author and professor David Frank will speak on the Long Civil Rights Movement.
Source: Rhetoric
FYRP 118 Final Project Performances!
The performances will be on Friday, Oct. 11, 4:30-5:30 in the Torian Room at the DuPont Library and the Lytle Room in the University Archives.
Medieval Colloquium Theme Announced!
The 2020 Sewanee Medieval Colloquium theme will be "Privilege and Position," with scholarly papers from a variety of scholars across multiple disciplines and geographic areas. The Colloquium will meet at the University of the South April 17-18, 2020!
Source: Medieval Studies
"Our Country's Good" begins October 10!
On October 10, Sewanee's department of Theatre & Dance will open their 2019-2020 mainstage season with Our Country's Good, an Olivier Award-winning play by Timberlake Wertenbaker. In honor of the 50th anniversary of women at Sewanee, their season will shine the spotlight on the work of women playwrights.


Vintage Cafe: The Steve Miller Band : World Cafe The "Space Cowboy" sits down for a lengthy interview with World Cafe host David Dye.
Some people call him space cowboy, some people call him the gangster of love, but most know him as Steve Miller, the guitarist and vocalist whose laid-back, infectiously catchy tunes have soothed the nation for decades.
Miller honed his chops as a Chicago blues musician in the early '60s and then moved to San Francisco to form the Steve Miller Blues Band. In 1967, they performed alongside Janis Joplin, Jimmy Hendrix and Otis Redding at the storied Monterey Pop Festival, the event that brought many important artists of the era into the national spotlight. Steve Miller's group was among the lucky ones. Following their appearance, they signed to Capitol Records and dropped the "Blues" from their name at the label's behest. Throughout the '70s and '80s, they recorded memorable FM radio hits of like "The Joker," "Fly Like an Eagle," "Rock'n Me" and "Abracadabra."
In the years that followed, the band continued to tour, but their recording output slowed. In 2010, they released Bingo!, their first studio album in 17 years. On Bingo!, Miller returned to his blues roots, covering classics by B.B. King, Howlin' Wolf, Otis Rush, Jimmy Reed and others. They released a follow-up this April called Let Your Hair Down, featuring new takes on songs by Muddy Waters, Robert Johnson and more.
On this episode of World Cafe, Miller Band sits down for a length discussion with host David Dye about the group's past and future.
This World Cafe performance originally aired June 9, 2011.