text:
SM Invitationals
HMS Pictures
SMHS Pictures
SAN MARINO SCIENCE TEAM
San Marino Scioly Invitational
Registration is open!!
San Marino High School is thrilled to announce its 2nd Division B and C Invitational! The tournament will be hosted in-person at San Marino High School.
Date: Saturday, February 12, 2022
Cost: $185 per team
Divisions: B/C
Level: State Level Competition
Location*: San Marino High School
2701 Huntington Drive, San Marino, CA 91108
Limit**: 15 Teams per division, 2 teams per school
Each school may register up to two teams. Payment will be requested once the registration is approved. Teams may be asked to provide volunteers to help supervise event(s).
*The competition is currently set to be an in person, traditional tournament. However, we may move to a Satellite SO format (team members meet at their own schools to take tests online, and build events are proctored on Zoom) depending on the COVID-19 situation as the date nears.
** Approval from our school district is required for complete registration of teams.
Want to Participate?
Please fill out the form below if interested in registering.
Registration Deadline: 12/15/21
(extended by 2 weeks!)
Team Registration Status
Proctor assignments will be finalized on 12/8/21.
COI and payment are due by 1/31/22 (extended by 2 weeks!)
Please fill out the form below if interested in volunteering.
(Divisions B and C)
(Division B only)
(Division C only)
Permission Slips
Please see this document for event rule modifications.
Medals will be awarded to at least the top 20% of teams in each event.
We are dedicated to protecting the safety of our attendees during the ongoing pandemic. As a result, all attendees will be asked to follow these guidelines:
Through a Google form, show proof of COVID-19 vaccination or a negative COVID-19 test taken within 3 days of the event. These may be checked against an ID.
All people on campus will be required to wear a face mask at all times indoors. Masks are recommended in outdoor areas for vaccinated people and required for all unvaccinated people. Proper masking includes covering the nose and the mouth.
Face masks may be removed when eating or drinking but must be put on immediately afterward.
Here are a few ways we are working to prevent the spread of COVID-19:
All classroom and gym doors will remain open for ventilation unless there is loud noise outside (sounds of music) or if the event may be affected by airflow (flight events).
Less than 30 students per classroom at a time to maintain social distancing between teams.
Surfaces will be disinfected between event slots.
Hand sanitizer will be placed in each room.
These guidelines may change depending on the COVID-19 situation as the date nears.
Please make checks payable to San Marino High School ASB / Science Team
and mail them to 2701 Huntington Drive, San Marino, CA 91108.
We cannot accept digital forms of payment.
Event Time: February 12, 2022 7:00 AM - 7:00 PM
Event Address: 2701 Huntington Drive, San Marino, CA 91108
Please send a digital copy to David Zheng at hmssciteam@gmail.com
Your Guarantee of Insurance must read:
Certificate Holder:
San Marino Unified School District
San Marino, CA 91108
Please be sure that San Marino Unified School District, 1665 West Drive, San Marino, CA 91108 is listed as a certificate holder on both the COI and endorsement.
Each participating school must provide SMUSD a General Liability Certificate of Insurance with a minimum of $1 million coverage.
Please see this document for email updates sent to registered teams.
Update 1/8/22: Updated event schedules for both divisions have been uploaded. The deadline for COI and payment has been extended to 1/31/22.
Update 12/6/21: Extend the deadline for registration to 12/15 and update the schedule and tournament information section.
Update 11/14/21: Photo release and permission slip forms have been added to the website.
Update 10/29/21: Payment Information, event schedule, and school map have been added to the website.
Update 10/21/21: A spreadsheet that tracks registration status of all teams has been added to the Registration section. Certificate of Insurance instructions and COVID-19 guidelines have also been added.
Update 10/03/21: Registration opens tomorrow. The cost and the date of the tournament has been confirmed. The price may decrease if more teams are interested in joining.
Update 09/26/21: We are currently working on deciding a date and cost for the invitational as it is the first time we will be holding this competition in person. We have opened up the Google form for Event Supervisors, so if you are interested in helping out by writing a test or even volunteering on the day of, feel free to fill out the form. Registration will open on October 4th.
Tournament Director: David Zheng
Contact Us: hmssciteam@gmail.com
©2017 BY SAN MARINO SCIENCE TEAM. PROUDLY CREATED WITH WIX.COM


Sun toasts the earth to tan-rousing cuddled eyelids , feeling the moistened kiss of morning dew.
Chorus of velvet madness beguiles senses as wings fling themselves on blooms and trees, trilling chimes from dainty throats– their beaks twirling on fragrance as buds unfurl ….
And the earth and air are born again.
A luminous Milky Way blazes into my eyes.
I feel the breath flow from my soul… caressed by a mystic, iridescent magnetic moon.
Thank you , George, The Lord Of Music and fabulous lyrics.
It's only poetry that gives me delight .
Over meadows, brooks, mountains, knolls.
Stories the sky and clouds to the earth , bring.
Tales of Mother Earth's awakening.
Flowers breathe into the air.. glorious scents .
Rainbow of imaginings spilling, tinged.
Down garden paths brightly painting.
Tasseled zephyr wands bestowing happiness everywhere.
in the glance of your eyes.


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text:
Linux equivalents to popular Mac apps
Jack Wallen
Updated • Feb 22, 2014
In my most recent article ("Five tips to help ease the migration from Mac to Linux") I outlined ways to help end-users transfer from the Mac operating system to the Linux operating system. It was suggested to me that I should cover applications that could serve as replacements for popular Mac apps. Your wish is my command.
In this article I will outline a few of the possibilities that can be used to replace the beloved applications often used in Mac. In some cases their may be equivalents that are nearly identical. In some cases, however, there may be equivalents that miss some features, or even offer better features. Either way, after this article, you should feel much more comfortable about migrating from OS X to Linux.
In the previous article I already mentioned using Songbird as a replacement for iTunes. Personally I prefer Songbird to iTunes. The only downfall is that Songbird can not yet communicate to either the iPhone or the iTouch. Yet. There is another tool that is currently in development that will most likely change that. But for now - you can use Songbird as a replacement for iTunes - just don't expect Songbird to communicate with your iPhone/iTouch.
Garage Band
For those looking to compose music on your Linux machine, a good replacement for Garage Band is Jokosher. Jokosher is a simple, powerful multi-track recording studio. With this outstanding tool you can import music, record instruments, mix down, set tempos, and more. You will not, however, find a large collection of pre-recorded instruments and sounds to add and manipulate. But, if you have a Freesound account, you can import anything from their. Unlike Garage Band, Jokosher is really more a user-friendly multi-track recorder. So don't expect to just open up the application and start piecing together music without picking up an instrument.
For more information on other audio creating software take a look at Linux-Sound.org. In my humble opinion, if you are looking for mult-media creation, your best bet is to download Ubuntu Studio which will include so man pre-installed applications for media creation/editing.
This one should be obvious. If you're looking for an office suite to take care of all your office needs, look no further than OpenOffice. Although OpenOffice may have a different look and feel, you will find it just as easy to use AND it includes more features and applications than iWork.
If you like Apple's stand alone calendar (that also integrates with other applications) you can install the stand alone Sunbird calendar. Sunbird was created by Mozilla so it has a very Firefox/Thunderbird feel to it. Sunbird is very close to a feature-for-feature equivalent to iCal.
My wife uses a Mac and she HATES iPhoto. But it is the standard for Mac photo management. For Linux there is the F-spot photo management tool. F-spot not only manages your photo collections, but will work with your digital camera as an import tool. F-spot is actually easier to use than iPhoto and will not have you fighting to try to get a piece of software to do something you KNOW it should do, but won't.
It's not an exhaustive list, but it will help you get by with the main applications one would use on a modern Mac computer. Â If you have a Mac-based application you are looking for a Linux equivalent, let me know what that is and I will attempt to locate an equivalent for you.
About Jack Wallen
Jack has been a technical writer, covering Linux and open source, for nearly ten years. He began as an editor in chief of Linux content with Techrepublic and is now a freelance writer for numerous sites. Jack is also a writer of novels and is currently working on his first zombie fiction!
View all posts by Jack Wallen →
Linux Mint 21 to 21.1 upgrades are now available
Linux Mint 21.1 Long Term Support Release is out
Multi-boot tool Ventoy adds support for 32GB Fat32 and multi-languages
Linux distribution Ubuntu 22.10 is now available
Ubuntu 22.04.1 LTS unlocks Ubuntu 20.04 LTS upgrades
How to upgrade to Linux Mint 21 using the Upgrade Tool
Previous Post: « Five tips to help ease the migration from Mac to Linux
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audunmb said on October 16, 2009 at 12:21 pm
What about Scrivener? That's one edge that Mac has over every both Linux and Windows?
Jack said on October 16, 2009 at 1:38 pm
@audunmb: You can try WritersCafe2. It's actually a really good application. http://www.writerscafe.co.uk/index.htm
Brad said on October 17, 2009 at 2:42 am
iMovie?
amin said on October 18, 2009 at 2:04 am
how about imate? The most popular editor for Mac?
Adrian Midgley said on November 3, 2013 at 11:28 am
Scrivener is in beta for Linux. Still needs work.
Published in: December 21, 2022 5:42 pm | Updated in: December 21, 2022 5:42 pm
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
\section{INTRODUCTION}

 Calculation of the mass flow rate into the centers of clusters of
 galaxies with short cooling times gives large values of order $\sim 100
 -1000 {M_\odot}{\rm yr}^{-1}$ (Binney and Cowie 1981). This point has
 dominated most of the thinking on the thermal evolution and central
 gas dynamics of clusters of galaxies (Fabian 1994). We propose a
 mechanism that will reduce these mass inflow rates by an order of
 magnitude in clusters where the coherence length of the field is
 greater than the cooling radius. The mechanism we invoke here
 involves, however, the study of turbulent magnetized fluids. Given
 our state of knowledge of the properties of these flows
 our calculations can, at present, only be regarded as
 indicative. However, the stabilization does seem to be a reasonable
 mechanism and we present it here in the spirit of the pioneering
 feedback work of Tabor and Binney (1993) and Binney and Tabor (1995).

 Our motivation for rethinking this subject was the beautiful data
 from Ge (1991), Ge and Owens (1993), Owens et al. (1990) clearly
 showing that cooling flow clusters have rotation measures between
 10--100 times those that have no established cooling. The inferred
 field strengths are at or near equipartition values with the thermal
 pressure. Magnetized clusters have been studied before in detail by
 Soker and Sarazin (1990). They assumed that once the magnetic field
 built up it was annihilated down to equipartition values via
 reconnection process. Normally, however, reconnection does not
 annihilate magnetic fields (Taylor 1974). Even with fast
 reconnection, annihilation of significant volumes of magnetic energy
 density does not take place. To dissipate the field globally requires
 a global anomalous resistivity and this is very difficult both to
 achieve and sustain except in very small volumes.

 The issues we have to address are complex. Magnetic field
 reconnection normally rearranges the field and may allow some change
 in the mass-to-flux ratio of loops.  Since the magnitude of the
 field does not change significantly during reconnection the magnetic
 pressure is not significantly altered.  The crucial point of physics
 for this work, however, is that reconnection significantly alters the
 topology and connectedness of the magnetic field.

	 In the central regions of cooling flows the line widths are
 random (Heckman et al. 1989) and it is most likely that the fluid is
 turbulent. The most recent analysis of the nature of thermal
 conduction in cooling flows (Tao 1996) indicates that there may be
 some but not complete suppression of the thermal conductivity. Additional
 suppression may result from electromagnetic instabilities in the cluster
 gas (Pistinner {\it et al.\ } 1996).
 We will adopt the values consistent with Tao's work in our subsequent
 calculations although we regard the thermal conductivity in a tangled
 field as still an unsettled question (cf. Rosner and Tucker 1989,
 Tribble 1989, Chun and Rosner 1993).

 Recent spectral X-ray measurements have established that the X-ray
 emitting gas is composed of two (or more) phases (Fukazawa {\it et al.\ } 1994;
 Fabian {\it et al.\ } 1994). We incorporate this important new datum into our model.
 Our proposed solution to the suppression of the large mass drop out
 rates in cooling flows is to recycle the cooling ( $\leq 10^7 \,{\rm K}$) gas
 back into the hot phase ($ \geq 10^7 \,{\rm K}$) and then allow it to cool
 again. Only a small fraction of the total cooling mass need be in the
 cool phase to match the observed low-temperature X-ray emission. The
 mass condensation rate is, then, the amount of cool gas per recycling
 time. Since current estimates of the amount of condensed mass are
 calculated assuming that the cooling gas eventually leaves the flow with no
 recycling, the currently estimated masses can be suppressed by the
 ratio of the recycling time to the age of the cluster.

 More specifically, the recycling solution we propose is as follows:

 The magnetic field lines engulfed by the outward moving cooling wave
 have a spectrum of scales. The ones with scales greater than the
 scale of the cooling wave remain connected to the essentially
 infinite heat reservoir of the cluster. Even with the turbulent
 thermal conductivity given by Tao (1996), field lines
 topologically connected to the outside of the cooling wave region
 remain hot and can be treated as isothermal. These hot tubes are the
 pipes that the cooling flux loops can tap into. Smaller scale
 cooling loops are not connected to the heat bath of the
 cluster. However, small-scale cooling loops can be heated and recycled by the
 process of magnetic field reconnection giving the required recycling
 mechanism.

 In the next section~(2) we set up a simple physical model and
 present estimates of the characteristics of our solution.  Thermal
 structure and recycling are discussed in more detail in section~3.
 In Section~4 we discuss some observational consequences and a
 summary and conclusions are given.

 \section{BASIC MODEL AND ESTIMATES}

	       Assume an initially tangled isotropic field across the
 cluster with a plasma parameter $ \beta = (P_{\rm thermal} /
 P_{\rm magnetic}) = \beta_0 \geq 10$ since the cluster is initially
 dominated by thermal pressure and not magnetic pressure. We assume
 there is a spectrum of loops as a function of scale. We envisage these
 intracluster fields to be generated by radio galaxies, outflows from
 AGNs and starburst galaxies and the outflow processes from normal
 galaxies that enrich the intracluster medium that are presumably from
 a supernovae driven source. With these processes in mind we estimate
 that the scales of the fields in the general intracluster medium can
 range from $ \sim ~10~\,{\rm kpc}$ up to $\sim ~1~\,{\rm Mpc}$. The field may be
 completely coherent across the cluster if there is a large scale
 primordial field or if large scale fields are generated in the process
 of structure formation (Kulsrud 1995).

	       After a time $t$ the material enveloped by the
 outwardly propagating cooling wave (with radius defined by that
 radius at which $ t_{\rm cool} = t$) can cool and move inward
 (Bertschinger 1989).  In the kinematic inflow phase the fields are
 frozen in and the stretching and amplification that occur are well
 described in the paper by Soker and Sarazin (1990). The field becomes
 increasingly radial and we will assume for simplicity of analysis
 that it is exactly radial in this phase.

 Assuming complete ionization, the cooling law that describes the
 propagation of the cooling wave is given by:
$$
  {3 \over 2} {dnkT \over dt} = n^2 \Lambda(T), \eqno(1)
$$
 where $T$ is the gas temperature, $n$ is the density, and
 $\Lambda(T)$ is the cooling function.
 We assume that the gas and dark matter both have the distribution of
 an isothermal sphere with a gas temperature, $T_g$, and dark matter
 temperature, $T_d$, with gas density
$$
 n = n_0 ({ r_0 \over r})^{\alpha} . \eqno(2)
$$
where $\alpha =  {2 T_d / T_g}$ and the subscript 0 refers to gas properties
at a fiducial radius $r_0$. The outwardly propagating cooling wave has the
solution:
$$
 r_{\rm cool} = r_0 \left( t \over t_{\rm cool,0}\right)^{1/\alpha}, \eqno(3)
$$
with
$$
  v_{\rm cool} = v_{\rm cool,0}\left( {r_0 \over r_{\rm cool}}\right)^
{ \alpha - 1}, \eqno(4)
$$
where
$$
  t_{\rm cool,0}= \left[{ 3 kT_0 \over 2 n_0 \Lambda(T_0)}\right], \eqno(5)
$$
and $v_{\rm cool,0}= (r_0 / t_{\rm cool,0})$. The mass flux into the cooling
bubble, at any given time $t$ and at radius $r_{\rm cool}$, is:
$$
  {\dot M_{\rm cool}} = {\dot M_0} \left({r_{\rm cool}\over r_0}\right)^
{3-2\alpha}, \eqno(6)
$$
where
$$
 {\dot M_0} = \left( {4 \pi \rho_0 r_0^3 \over t_{\rm cool,0}}\right).
\eqno(7)
$$
As the cooling wave propagates outward, the material trapped in small
magnetic loops will start to cool and fall inward.

 The plasma parameter $\beta$ varies as a function of radius as:
$$
  \beta = \beta_0
 \left( {r \over r_0}\right)^{ \alpha/3}, \eqno(8)
$$
 and the flow can be significantly magnetized when $\beta \sim 1$. We
 are assuming that the flow is sufficiently large as to entrain
 field lines into the central regions of the cooling flow, allowing a
 build up of the magnetic pressure. The increased magnetic pressure does
 {\it not} change the estimates of the accretion rates that are based
 purely on the thermal properties, not the momentum balance.

 As discussed by Bertschinger and Meiksin (1986) and Meiksin (1988), if the
 thermal conductivity is within an order of magnitude of the Spitzer
 value, the cooling along flux tubes that are simply connected to the
 outside of the cooling wave is negligible. Therefore these connected
 flux tubes do not contain any cool material. The flux tubes that are
 not connected can cool. This leads to a two-phase medium of hot
 connected flux tubes and cool disconnected tubes.
 As discussed by Soker and Sarazin (1990) even if all the flux were
 reconnected and dissipated the associated heat input would have
 negligible effect on the thermal balance.

 Reconnection is a natural way to recycle the cold material back into
 the hot phase. The exact details are unclear but the result is
 probably bounded by the rules for collisions of flux tubes
 (cf.\ Norman {\it et al.\ } 1996) as a lower bound or
 explosive reconnection with all the mass injected into the background
 medium between hot and cold phases as an upper bound.

 Let us assume that a fraction, $f_h$, of the mass and flux is in hot
 tubes and the rest in cold tubes. Let us also assume that there is a
 mean flux reconnection rate, $\Gamma$, giving a mean
 mass exchange rate ${\dot M_e}$ between hot and cold of:
$$
   {\dot M_e} = \left( {\Phi \over M}\right)^{-1} \Gamma \Phi, \eqno(10)
$$
 where the flux to mass ratio must be taken in mean averaged sense
 here. Therefore since the timescale for mass exchange is $\Gamma^{-1}$,
 the fraction of the total mass, $M_h$, within a cooling radius that is in
 the form of cool condenstates ( $ < 10^7 K$) is:
$$
  M_{rec} = \left(\Gamma \tau\right)^{-1} M_h, \eqno(11)
$$
 where $\tau$ is the time for mass to leave the hot phase, which is on
 the order of the age of the cluster because of thermal heat conduction. The
 amount of mass being recycled at any given time is negligible compared to the
 total amount of mass in the hot phase.

 Concentrating on one loop and using the fast reconnection law, Soker
and Sarazin (1990) give a typical reconnection timescale,
$\tau_R=\Gamma^{-1}\sim l_t/(\epsilon V_A)$ of:
$$
\tau_R = 10^8 \,{\rm yr} \left({\epsilon \over 0.1}\right)^{-1}\left({ l_t
\over 3 \,{\rm kpc}}\right)\left( { B \over {100 \mu G}}\right)^{-1}\left( {n
\over 0.03 \,{\rm cm^{-3}}}\right)^{ 1\over 2}. \eqno(12)
$$
 for our parameters. We assume that reconnection occurs with a
 reconnection velocity of $ \epsilon$ times the Alfven velocity. The
 characteristic scale length for reconnection is here taken to be the
 transverse dimesion of a loop. Note that when large scale hot loops
 reconnect with small-scale cool loops the reconnection time given in
 (12) should be regarded as an upper limit since the reconnection time
 may be considerably shorter due to the smaller size of the loops. The
 internal Alfven speed $V_A$ in the cool and hot loops does not change
 significantly since $V_A \propto n^{\gamma}$ where $0 \leq \gamma \leq
 1/6$. Complete reconnection will occur on a single collision if the
 reconnection time is less than or equal to the crossing time of the
 loops. If this is not satisfied then collisions with hot loops will
 continue until the process is complete. This is similar to
 shredding. For more details regarding incomplete reconnection during
 flux loop collisions see Norman {\it et al.\ } (1996). Generally, the complex
 process of shredding of loops and blobs as they fall into the central
 regions of the cooling flow is one where cool gas distribution
 cascades to smaller and smaller scales. A small inefficiency in the
 recycling would permit some material to continue to cool and make
 stars, but at a much reduced rate compared to the standard cooling
 flow prediction.

 We note here that buoyancy is an inefficient means for transporting flux out
 of the cooling region (Soker and Sarazin 1990). Flux loops will be
 buoyant and reach an appropriate scale height. We assume that most
 of the loops are still trapped, although there is probably still some
 flux loss. Reconnection will then occur and the value of mass and flux
 for the product loops will change. There will then be a rising and
 falling of loops as the reconnection process continues and re-sorts
 the mass and flux, although it is not possible to follow an individual
 piece of flux and mass. Magnetic tension in reconnected loops may lift
 the cool optically-emitting material out of the center
 of a cooling flow, accounting for the wide range of scales over which the
 optical filaments are observed (Zoabi {\it et al.\ } 1996).
 In practice, loops will shred into smaller
 structures due to Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities after only a few
 Brunt-V\"as\"ail\"a oscillation periods (Reale et al 1991). As
 discussed below this will enhance their evaporation and mass
 recycling.

 \section{THERMAL STRUCTURE AND RECYCLING}

 We now describe the thermal structure of the intracluster gas. The
 radiative cooling of the hot phase is nearly balanced by heat conduction
 from the outer portions of the cluster into the cooling region by
 those extended flux tubes that connect the external heat reservoir to the
 cooling interior. While perfect balance between cooling and heat conduction
 requires too high an external temperature compared to observations, acceptable
 solutions are found when a small amount of inflow is allowed (Bertschinger
 \& Meiksin 1986), provided the temperature decline is not more than by a
 factor of $\sim2-3$ (Meiksin 1988). Accordingly, we may expand the fluid
 variables in the small parameter $\epsilon=\dot M_{\rm flow}/\dot M_h$, where
 $\dot M_{\rm flow}$ is the true accretion rate, and $\dot M_h$, given by
 equation (7) above and evaluated at the cooling radius, is the rate that would
 be inferred from the X--ray luminosity assuming heat conduction were
 suppressed. Thus, for example, we may write, to first order, $n(r)=n_0
 (r/r_{\rm cool})^{-\alpha}[1+\epsilon n_1(r)]$ and $T_h(r)=T_0(r)
 [1+\epsilon T_1(r)]$. The zeroth order equation for pressure support (both
 thermal and magnetic) then requires, for $\beta>1$,
$$
\alpha = {2T_d \over T_h}\left[1+\beta(r)^{-1}\right]^{-1}, \eqno(13a)
$$
when the gas temperature varies slowly with radius compared to the density.
 We point out that in the case $T_d \sim T_h$ and where the
 cooling flow is sufficiently magnetized with $\beta \sim 1$, then
 $\alpha \sim 1$. Consequently, from equation (6), $\dot M_{\rm cool}
 \propto r $, a case favored by the observations. We will regard $\alpha$
 below as being directly determined from the measurements of the X--ray
 surface brightness of the hot component, since the radial dependence of the
 surface brightness depends only weakly on that of the temperature.

 Setting $x=r/ r_{\rm cool}$ and $y=T_0(r)/ T_h$, the zeroth order
 thermal energy equation becomes
$$
{2\over7}{1\over x^2}{d\over{dx}}\left(x^2{{dy^{7/2}}\over{dx}}\right)=
\left({r_{\rm cool}\over\Lambda_{\rm F, c}}\right)^2x^{-2\alpha},
\eqno(13b)
$$
where $\Lambda_{\rm F, c}=[\kappa(T_h)T_h/ n_0^2\Lambda)]^
{1/2}$ is the Field length, evaluated at the cooling radius (Begelman and McKee
1990; Field 1965). Near $T\sim2\times10^7\, {\rm K}$, the cooling function
is nearly independent of $T$. The Field length is then
$$
\Lambda_{\rm F,c}\approx100\,{\rm kpc} \left({{0.003\,{\rm cm^{-3}}}\over n}\right)
\left({T_h\over{2\times10^7\,{\rm K}}}\right)^{7/4}, \eqno(14)
$$
where we have used the cooling function of McKee and Cowie (1977). The
solution of equation (13b) is then
$$
T(r) = T_h\left[{7\over4}\left({{r_{\rm cool}}\over{\Lambda_{\rm F,c}}}
\right)^2{1\over{(2\alpha-3)(\alpha-1)}}\left({1\over x^{2\alpha-2}}
-{1\over x}\right)+{1\over x} + y_\infty^{7/2}\left(1-{1\over x}\right)
\right]^{2/7}, \eqno(15a)
$$
for $\alpha\neq3/2$ and $\alpha\neq1$;
$$
T(r) = T_h\left[-{7\over2}\left({{r_{\rm cool}}\over{\Lambda_{\rm F,c}}}
\right)^2{{\log x}\over x}+{1\over x} + y_\infty^{7/2}\left(1-{1\over x}\right)
\right]^{2/7}, \eqno(15b)
$$
for $\alpha=3/2$, and
$$
T(r) = T_h\left[{7\over2}\left({{r_{\rm cool}}\over{\Lambda_{\rm F,c}}}
\right)^2\log x + {1\over x} + y_\infty^{7/2}\left(1-{1\over x}\right)
\right]^{2/7}, \eqno(15c)
$$
for $\alpha=1$. Here, $y_\infty$ is an integration constant.

 The solution given in equation (15) is a gradually decreasing temperature
 profile toward the center. A typical cooling flow will have a cooling radius
 of $\sim100\,{\rm kpc}$ and $T_h\sim5\times10^7\,{\rm K}$, giving $r_{\rm cool}/
 \Lambda_{\rm F,c}\sim0.3$. For the simple, observationally favored case
 of $\alpha \approx1$ and $y_\infty\approx1$, we find that the temperature at
 $r\sim0.1r_{\rm cool}$ will be below its value at the cooling radius by a
 factor of $\sim(1-0.3\log 10)^{2/7}\approx0.7$, consistent with {\it ASCA}
 measurements for the hot phase (Fukazawa {\it et al.\ } 1994).

 A strong argument in favor of high mass drop-out rates is the high
 luminosities measured in the low-temperature X-ray emission lines,
 such as the Fe L lines (Mushotzky {\it et al.\ } 1981; Fabian {\it et al.\ } 1994).
 These lines demonstrate the presence of low temperature
 gas that is cooling at a high rate, and buttress the argument for a
 correspondingly high rate of mass condensation out of the flow. We next
 show how recycling may significantly alter this point of view.

 Consider two phases in pressure equilibrium, a hot phase and a cold
 phase at respective temperatures $T_h$ and $T_c$, with number
 densities $n_h$ and $n_c$.  The cold phase arises from thermally
 unstable gas suspended in magnetic flux loops. Let $f_c$ denote the
 volume filling factor of the cold phase. The mass $M_c$ in cold phase
 is related to that in the hot, $M_h$, by

 $$M_c = {f_c\over{1-f_c}}{n_c \over n_h}M_h \approx f_c{T_h\over T_c}M_h.
\eqno(16)$$

 \noindent The mass cooling rate $\dot M_c$ of the gas in the cold phase is
 then related to that in the hot, $\dot M_h$, by

 $${\dot M_c} = f_c\left({T_h\over T_c}\right)^3{{\Lambda(T_c)}\over
 {\Lambda(T_h)}}{\dot M_h}, \eqno(17)$$

 \noindent for a cooling function $\Lambda(T)$.
 In principle, it is possible for the cooling rate inferred from emission lines
 generated by the cold phase to exceed that inferred from the hot. We will
 show below, however, that in our model these rates should be comparable,
 though some variance in the ratio is to be expected.

 The crucial point now is that as the flux loops carrying the cold
 phase sink they will reconnect to the hot flux tubes. Thermal heat
 conduction carried along the hot flux tubes will then quickly reheat
 the cold phase gas to $T_h$, resulting in a continual recycling of
 the cold phase material. The actual mass drop-out rate will thus be
 much less than inferred from the line luminosities. This is possible
 provided three criteria are satisfied:

 I.~The cold loops are able to fall at least as far as the mean
 distance $\lambda_h$ between hot flux tubes in a cooling time:
 $v_{ff}t_{\rm cool,c}>\lambda_h$;

 II: Loops must enter an evaporative phase on reconnecting;

 III.~There is a sufficient number of hot flux tubes penetrating the cool phase
 region to conduct heat inward from the infinite heat bath surrounding the
 cool phase to power the total radiative losses from both the cool and hot
 phases.

These conditions may be met as follows:

 I.~To make a simple estimate assume that for the purposes of argument
that the cooling time is of the order of the time for a loop to cross the
cooling region. Then for a {\it volume} filling factor of the hot phase
within the cooling region of $f_h \sim 1$, the covering factor of the
hot phase is $ \Omega_h \sim f_h^{2 \over 3} \sim 1$.  The cool loops
will then collide with the hot phase on the order of a cooling time of
the cool phase.

II. The cool loops must have a characteristic scale less than the
Field length $\Lambda_F$ when they reconnect to the hot
loops.  For loops that are initially magnetically isolated and collide
early on ( when they have temperatures of order, say, $3 \times 10^6 \,{\rm K}$)
with hot loops they will undergo evaporation in the classical
limit and be recycled since
$$
\Lambda_F = 3 \,{\rm kpc} \left({ 0.03 \,{\rm cm^{-3}} \over n} \right)\left({ T_h \over
3 \times 10^7 \,{\rm K}} \right)^{5/2} \left({ T_c \over 3 \times 10^6 \,{\rm K}}
\right)^{1.6}, \eqno(18)
$$
where we have allowed for the radiation of the cooler material using the
cooling approximation given in McKee and Cowie (1977).

Evidence for absorption by very cold clouds has been argued for on the basis
of the X-ray spectra in some cooling flows, with inferred characteristic
cloud sizes of $\lower.5ex\hbox{\ltsima} 1$ pc (Fabian 1994). In our model, such clouds will
ultimately result from any small inefficiency in reheating. We suggest that
these clouds are shortlived, and will evaporate when they reconnect with
hotter loops. For the small cloud sizes suggested, heat conduction occurs
in the saturated limit, so that the clouds will disappear in an evaporative
wind (McKee and Cowie 1977). The timescale for the clouds to evaporate is
$$
t_{ev} = 10^8 \,{\rm yr} \left({10 K \over T_c }\right) \left( {T_h \over 3 \times
10^7 \,{\rm K}}\right)^{ 1/2} \phi_s \left({ \sigma_0 \over 10^3}
\right)^{ 3/8}\left({ R \over 1 {\rm pc}}\right), \eqno(19)
$$
where $R$ is the cloud radius, and the saturation parameter, $
\sigma_0 = 4 (T_h/3 \times 10^7\,{\rm K})^2 /(n_h R_{\rm pc} \phi_s)$, is $\sim
10^3$, taking $\phi_s \sim 0.3$ (Balbus and McKee 1982).

 From analyses of absorption-line studies in both X-ray and radio bands
 the temperature of the clouds must be less than $10\,{\rm K}$ (Crawford and
 Fabian 1992; Dwarakanath {\it et al.\ } 1994). The X-ray absorption measurements
 indicate \ion{H}{1} column densities of the order of $10^{20} - 10^{21} \,{\rm cm^{-2}}$
 (Fabian 1994). At the canonical pressure
 of the central cooling flow this corresponds to scales of only
 $10^{16}-10^{17}$ cm corresponding to cloud evaporation timescales of
 $\sim10^5 - 10^6 \,{\rm yr}$. Therefore, when the reconnection occurs the cold
 \ion{H}{1} will evaporate and be recycled into the hot phase.
 The cloud destruction time is given by the time for reconnection with
 hot loops ($\sim 10^8 \,{\rm yr}$). For unit covering factor the cloud
 destruction rate in the central region of order $ R_{\rm central} \sim
 1\,{\rm kpc}$ is $\sim 1 (R_{\rm central}/1 \,{\rm kpc})^2 (N_{\rm HI}/10^{21} \,{\rm cm^{-2}})
 M_{\odot} \,{\rm yr}^{-1}$.

 III.~The hot phase will occupy most of the volume.  A reasonable estimate
of the cooling filling factor is $f_c\approx(\Gamma \tau)^{-1} (T_c/T_h) \sim
10^{-3}<< 1 $. From equation (16), only about 1\% of the total intracluster
gas within the cooling radius will then be in the cool component. Because
of the relatively greater efficiency for generating X-ray photons per unit
mass of the cool phase compared to the hot, however, equation (17) shows
that the mass cooling rate of the cool component will be comparable to that of
the hot, and may even somewhat exceed it. If the cool phase were detected
through an X-ray emission line, such a disagreement, which could be interpreted
in the standard cooling flow picture as an abundance anomaly of the element
producing the line, could equally well be interpreted as evidence for a second,
denser and cooler phase.

\section{SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND OBSERVATIONAL CONSEQUENCES}

We have proposed a model for significantly reducing the mass inflow
rates in clusters of galaxies. Reconnection processes acting on the
topology of the field regulates the inflow of heat from the vast
heat bath of the entire cluster. Reconnection has no energetic
advantage at all; it is simply the topology change that allows
heating of the matter in cold loops and a relatively fast recycling
time. Therefore the cool gas can be used many times, in contrast to
conventional cooling flow models in which once the gas cools, it
necessarily becomes invisible and can never be recycled.  A crucial
parameter is the coherence length of the field relative to the cooling
radius and the distribution of field energy with scale.  When the
cooling radius is greater than the field coherence length, cooling
flows proceed as usual. When the coherence length is greater than the
central cooling radius, however, the thermal energy of the reservoir
can be tapped and the mass drop out rates can be very significantly
reduced. Three additional conditions must be satisfied: I.~Cold loops
must be able to fall at least as far as the mean distance between hot
loops in a cooling time; II. ~Loops must enter an evaporative phase on
reconnecting; and III.~A sufficient number of hot loops must penetrate
the cold phase region to power the radiative losses.

Central regions will be multi-phase with a hot-phase filling factor of
order unity and the cold-phase filling factor very much less than
unity. There is rapid mass circulation on a timescale of order $10^8$~yr.

Filaments will be highly magnetized. In general, the central regions
of cooling flows should look very magnetized and filamentary. Detailed
rotation measure maps could map the central field geometry. The
two-phase model we outline here is consistent with the recent {\it ASCA}
observations of the centers of cooling flows (Fabian et al. 1994)
although many details remain to be understood.

We thank our colleagues for many useful and enjoyable discussions on
this subject in particular F.~Adams. S.~Cowley, M.~Donahue, T. Heckman,
D.~Melrose, R.~Mushotsky, R.~Sudan and M.~Voit. We thank the Institute for
Theoretical Physics at UCSB for the stimulating environment where this
interdisciplinary effort was possible. The ITP is funded by NSF Grant
No.\ PHY94-07194. A.M. is grateful to the W. Gaertner fund at the University
of Chicago for support.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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ILoveTeenBooks is a part of The Eternity Cure tour! The theme of the tour is Vampire vs. Human. On which side are you? Please visit the newly launched site Blood of Eden for more information. We will be discussing is our 'dear and sweet' Jackal. Yes! We got the coolest guy in the book! Hah!
But before you read that, here's something more about The Eternity Cure.
You won't want to miss book 2 in Julie Kagawa's dystopian masterpiece, Blood of Eden, optioned for a movie by Palomar Pictures.How do you face the end of eternity? In Allison Sekemoto's world, there is one rule left: Blood calls to blood.She has done the unthinkable: died so that she might continue to live. Cast out of Eden and separated from the boy she dared to love, Allie will follow the call of blood to save her creator, Kanin, from the psychotic vampire Sarren. But when the trail leads to Allie's birthplace in New Covington, what Allie finds there will change the world forever-and possibly end human and vampire existence.
As you can tell, Jackal is a really awesome, vampire(which one isn't?), former vampire King of Chicago and Allison's older brother. Kanin turned him a couple of decades before finding Allie. Most think he is the villain in these novels but I think he is misunderstood. He is one of those anti-heros. You never know if he is telling the truth or not. He plays by his own rules and knows when is the time to strike and when to pull back. Jackal's biggest concern is Jackal. He doesn't do anything if he doesn't help him in any way. I'm still not sure why he helped Allie track down Kanin who's being torture by the so-called Psycho Vamp, Saren. Jackal calls Kanin 'old man' and doesn't show he still cares for him but he still goes with Allie. So I would say, don't underestimate Jackal. He is not as vicious as he's trying to make us believe.
What I like most about him is his sarcasm and fearlessness. He teases Allie and Zeke when they're having a tender moment. He doesn't tolerate stupidity well so he just kills everyone that's going on his nerves, that is, if he can. Leave it to him to make all of us laugh.
The only thing that's bigger than his thirst for blood is thirst for power. There's nothing he wouldn't do to be able to rule. He's proven that when he a King of Chicago. His subjects were all ruthless killers who enjoyed watching humans fight rabids. Jackals's only weakness is he can't turn humans into vampires so his plans aren't going well, for now. But who knows, he might get his kingdom back in the third book. *whispers* I hope so.
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Entries into the daily giveaway will also count toward the grand prize give-away!
Don't Forget to Check Out the Other Posts on this Tour!
Team Vampire (: Thank you for this amazing giveaway!!
I have to go with Team Human!
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I'm also LOVING Jackal! Even though he's a mean SOB, he's also disturbingly amusing and kinda fun to be around. Team vamp, baby!
Team Vampire. Thanks for the giveaway!
Thanks for sharing and HAPPY BIRTHDAY AGAIIIINNN!


The yard's jungle-like vibe grows. Sunday threatens rain. That grass has to be cut today.
Weekend work keeps the weeds growing for most of the day. Arriving home from work around 4pm, time is already a factor; it takes 3-4 hours to cut.
The sky's clouding up. I have to hurry. A quick trip to get non-ethanol gas for the mower and things are underway. The Husqvarna is cutting well. Progress is being made.
A septic snake, coiled and ready to spring, lies in wait to mess all of that up. The brickwork covering my well pump, right beside the pump house, where it came to rest a decade ago, had been his home. A few months ago, while chainsawing some small trees by the pump house, a limb must have grabbed it and knocked it off. I found it today. Or, should I say, my lawnmower found it for me.
About fifteen minutes into cutting, the snake bit. At first, it was wasn't obvious what that god-awful noise was. The grass/weeds were too tall to see the snake in the grass. Killing the mower, hitting the ground and jamming a hand in there, the coiled doo-doo screw revealed itself. It had apparently only taken a couple of seconds to get so wound up you would've thought it was a serpentine belt driving the blades. Instead, it was locking them in a python-like death grip.
Just as the realization of what happened hit, little drops of rain began to fall. "Really?"
The yard must be cut! Angry determination hit and tools found hands. Parts separated. Snake parts were removed. Rain stopped. Grass was being cut within another fifteen minutes.
The only other snag in today's mowing was all of the crawdad mounds. The ground is still a little water logged. Those little waterbugs love that mess. The wheels broke through and spun, once, but I was able to jump off and pull it out by hand. No prob, Bob. Did and done.


text:
Alex Moaba, Contributor
News & Video Editor, HuffPost TV
'Dexter' Season 8 Premiere Recap: The Code Is Cracking
Spoiler alert: Do not read on if you haven't seen the Season 8 premiere of "Dexter," titled "A Beautiful Day."
"Dexter" began its final season Sunday night as the TV landscape found itself at an anti-hero crossroads. Two weeks after James Gandolfini's death and at the start of a summer that will see the series finales of "Dexter" and "Breaking Bad," it feels like a TV era is coming to an end.
The big question hanging over this last season of "Dexter" is whether the serial-killer-of-serial-killers we've spent eight seasons rooting for has to eventually pay for his sins. Does Dexter have to meet justice after murdering so many murderers over the years? Does Dexter have to die? That was never an explicit deal "Dexter" made with its audience, but it might make us feel better about ourselves.
"The Sopranos," with its cut-to-black, "Don't Stop Believin'" ending, was David Chase's complicated refusal to answer those questions. Whether you think Tony Soprano died when the show's lights went out, or consider the scene a metaphor for a life of looking over his shoulder, we're left with that maddening, beautiful ambiguity six years later.
So the final season of "Dexter" has a great opportunity to really make its mark on anti-hero TV -- which may be why Showtime decided to premiere "Dexter's" final season two months before "Breaking Bad" presents Walter White's final descent into hell. And after a reinvigorated Season 7 that pulled the show out of a creative rut, "Dexter" is well positioned to go out strong, if the show plays its cards right.
Those are the stakes of this final "Dexter" season. And watching how "Dexter" gets to that conclusion, and debating whether the show's end was satisfying and challenging enough to justify our nearly-decade long investment in watching it will be the fun of this final run.
With all that in mind, let's break down the suspenseful "Dexter" premiere, an engaging hour that ended with an exciting final fifteen-minute flourish that gave us almost everything we've grown accustomed to seeing in a "Dexter" episode: Dexter killing a bad guy, one of Deb's boyfriends dying and Deb telling Dexter that she hates him before ultimately covering his tracks again.
Despite those familiar tropes, there was a darker, grittier feel to this episode, which is a strange thing to say about a show whose hero is a serial killer. This new season picked up with both Dexter and Deb spiraling dangerously out of control in different ways, and it kept the episode totally on-edge.
Six months have passed in the show's timeline since Deb shot La Guerta in that trailer, and Deb has turned into a total mess since walking out on Miami Metro: snorting coke, smoking weed, and living off a prescription buffet of Xanax, Paxil and Adderall. She's working so deep undercover for private investigator Jacob Elway now (Sean Patrick Flannery) that she's having sex with coke dealer and jewelry thief Andrew Briggs (played by Rhys Coiro, aka Billy Walsh from "Entourage). So yeah, Deb is in a bad way.
On the surface, Dexter is doing a better job than Deb of keeping his life together. He's been coaching Harrison's soccer team, got his bowling team back together, and met a new lady with fake boobs. But while he said in the episode's opening narration that La Guerta's death "helped solve all [his] problems," the strained dynamic that it created between him and his sister has caused plenty of new problems.
Dexter tried to pull Deb out of her tailspin, and tracked her down at a convenience store after she'd gone MIA for a few weeks. But she rebuffed him with a slurred, but still signature Deb f-bomb: "Do you want to know why I'm not returning your phone calls? Because I don't want to talk to you, and I really don't f--king want to see you ... because you made me compromise everything about myself that I care about, and I hate you for it ... I shot the wrong person in that trailer."
Deb's snub, and seeing her at this low point, sent Dexter sliding out of control too. When a guy cut him off on the highway after he left the store, Dexter chased him down, stormed out of his car and strangled the guy, as his horrified young son looked on from the backseat.
Road rage against bad drivers is not covered by Harry's Code, and it was one of the more uncomfortable acts of violence I can remember seeing Dexter commit. That guy wasn't "in the game," as Omar from "The Wire" might say. Not only was the scene a sign that Dexter is slipping, but it was a clear signal from the show's producers that they intend to deal with the side-effects and collateral damage of Dexter's violence and uncontrollable rage in this final season.
The Deb and Dexter storyline culminated in the episode's climactic final scene. Deb's guy Briggs had recently robbed a mob-affiliated jewelry store, and the word was put out on the street that nobody should buy his stolen goods. There was one interested buyer, though, a "fence" named "El Sapo." But Dexter discovered that "El Sapo" was actually a mob hitman, who was going to take Briggs out, and probably Deb too, if she was in the way.
So Dexter raced over to the Pink Motel to get Deb out of harm's way. But because Harrison's babysitter Jamie Batista took the night off to have sex with the office dirtbag Quinn, Dexter had to bring his son along for the ride.
From outside her room, Dexter got Deb's attention warned her about the hitman coming their way. But Deb didn't care. "I'm gonna make a f--kload of money," she told him. When Dexter tried to plead with her to leave to avoid getting killed, she exploded and yelled, "I don't f--king care!"
Then Briggs came outside to see what was up, and the situation got scary. Dexter tried to grab Deb's arm to take her home, but Briggs pushed him away. So Dexter switched into serial killer mode and pushed him into the motel room, where he picked up a knife that Briggs was lunging for and stabbed him in the chest, killing him.
And just like that, yet another guy Deb was sleeping with was killed off the show. She really knows how to pick 'em. And she was livid with her brother. "What did you do? I felt okay around him! F--k! F--k!" Deb yelled. Later, she continued, "I am not lost. I know exactly where I am. I am in some shitty f--king hell which is exactly what I deserve. But you ... you are lost!"
But Deb being Deb, she called the murder in to the cops, and covered Dexter's tracks again, because she just can't quit him.
Dexter got back into the car only to discover Harrison had gone missing. There were a few moments of sheer terror before Dexter discovered he was just wandering around the parking lot, and hadn't witnessed what just went down. As Dexter hugged Harrison with a bloody hand, he did not exactly look like the father of the year.
Did Dexter kill Briggs in self defense? Maybe, and the guy was a scumbag who was putting Deb in danger. But like the road rage strangling, this stabbing fell outside the code, which is collapsing under the weight of Dexter's aggression. That development is a positive sign about the ambition of this final season, and the dark places it could be going.
A few more scattered thoughts on the episode:
- There's a new serial killer on the loose in Miami. His M.O. is apparently to shoot his victims in the chest, slice open their craniums and scoop out a little piece of their brain ... the specific area of the brain that controls empathy, as Dr. Evelyn Vogel pointed out.
- Speaking of Dr. Vogel, what do we make of this Charlotte Rampling's new character? She is a neuropsychiatrist known as "the psychopath whisperer" who has written a text book about "the brains of psychopaths." She and Dexter exchanged many uncomfortable glances and had several loaded conversations. "We both chose murder. Maybe we're both a little crazy," she told him in the crime lab, while asking about the Bay Harbor Butcher.
Later, Vogel met Dexter in the park and presented him with some of his childhood drawings depicting him murdering stick-figures. As Dexter pushed her up against a wall and demanded to know what she wanted from him, Vogel dropped a bombshell (if you haven't read any of the interviews with the show's producers about Vogel's role.)
"You can't kill me," she said. "It doesn't meet Harry's code." Little does she know, that may not be such a safe assumption these days.
- Deb's bank password was 'f--kingpassword,' which was so Deb. (Thanks for catching that, commenters.)
- It can't be too long before Batista re-examines La Guerta's suspicions about Dexter and Deb. But for now, he was still lamenting that her obsession with the Bay Harbor Butcher case got her killed. Even after Dexter exploded at him, yelling, "[She] so tragically died? She died because she wouldn't leave things alone!" Batista didn't catch on to the subtext. "I hope you find it in your heart to forgive her," was all he said. He will have his "Hank on the toilet" moment soon.
- What would have been more psychologically damaging for Harrison to witness: his father killing someone, or Quinn having sex with his babysitter?
- Showtime has put the full "Dexter" premiere on YouTube. You can watch it below:
What did you think of this "Dexter" season premiere? Leave your thoughts and theories in the comments.
"Dexter" airs on Sundays at 9 p.m. ET on Showtime.
'Dexter' Season 8 Photos
Television Dexter
'Dexter' Series Finale


text:
Објектни однос је у психоанализи, однос детета у развоју према неком "објекту" (дојка, играчка, мајка) у првим месецима живота. У тзв. "нарцистичком стадијуму" нема објекта, па ни објектног односа. Касније се јавља прелазни објект, а тек на узрасту од око годину дана дете схвата и либидинално запоседа мајку или мајчинску фигуру као постојан и целовит објект. Психоаналитичари у средиште свог истраживања стављају генезу односа у дијади дете – мајка као први, главни и најзначајнији објектни однос, који је прототип свих каснијих интерперсоналних веза.

Литература

Види још
 Константност објекта
 Целовитост објекта

Психоанализа

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


UCLA is offering a "gym for your brain" program to help combat memory loss.
Some geriatricians disagree with common treatments.
Answers to tough questions about dying.
6 things to not do as a caregiver.
Sky-diving on your 80th birthday?
An author talks about what it means to get older.
CCRC residents don't have that many legal rights.
10 steps to finding a great doctor.
A fire in a Canadian nursing home killed at least 3 people recently.
Some folks have good reasons for turning down medical procedures.
More and more adult children are now caring for a parent who once abused them.


Want to attend the training, but prefer a payment plan? Click here and you'll be directed to our system that provides for the option of (4) payments of $400 each. It's a secure site.
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Is my registration fee or ticket transferrable? Please see the Refund Policy above or https://teamcatapult.com/teamcatapult-refund-policy/">here.


What information do the weekly VPS backups include? How exactly does this backup service function?
Unlike a shared Internet hosting account in which the information is backed up by the provider, if you use a virtual or a dedicated hosting server you will have to keep manual backups since this type of a service is not included by default. As excellent as a web server might be, there is always a possibility that something may go wrong. As an example, you could delete some content by mistake or a script-driven app could get corrupted after an update. In the event that you have a backup, you shall not need to worry about this type of issues as the content could be easily restored. Considering that it may not be very handy to do this regularly on your end, we offer an optional backup service for all of our server solutions and we shall store a copy of your content on a separate machine to make certain that it's undamaged no matter what. With the upgrade, you'll be able to work on your web server without needing to worry that you may lose any data due to any reason.
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Poll: How would you value the work of a stay at home parent?
A new study puts the work done by a stay at home parent at €39,182. Do you think that's a fair rate?
All that cooking, cleaning and chauffering adds up to a gross domestic output of €39,182.


Snek. is Snake! With better music! And really awkward controls! Learn to love turning your iDevice around and around in your hands! Tilt your screen away from you and realize you can't see what's happening anymore! Thrust your device in all directions and get a great workout! Snek.!
Snek. was written in Objective-C using Apple XCode 4.6 and the Kobold2D library. The kick drum and snare sounds are from freesounds.org. Snek. works on iPhones, iPods and iPads that have a gyroscope. You should make a video of yourself playing and send it to me.


Sound In motion, the home of Pioneer on the Sunshine Coast.
Enjoy all of your favourite content on a large 6.2" clear type resistive touchscreen, right on your car dashboard. Take your music and video collection with you on the road. Whether it is stored on CDs, DVDs, a USB device or on the latest iPhones, the AVH-A205BT plays audio/video from almost any source.
Stay safe and obey local hands-free laws with built-in Bluetooth (HFP). Easily pair a Bluetooth enabled phone to the AVH-A205BT without having to go through complicated settings. When a registered Bluetooth device is in close proximity to the receiver, the auto connection function automatically pairs the two units.
The AVH-A205BT is ready to roll with direct connectivity to your iPod or iPhone for music playback via an authentic Apple USB to lightning cable. Song, artist, time and album information are beautifully displayed on the 6.2? touch-screen. Powerful tools such as Link Search and Alphabet Search help you find content faster. The system's wired USB connection provides direct digital signal transfer from the device for clean, clear sound, while keeping your iPod or iPhone charged. *We recommend confirming your iPhone or iPod compatibility with our Support team or your local authorised retailer, prior to making a purchase.
13 Band EQ adjustment allows you greater control to tune the sound quality.
Select among five (Blue/Red/Amber/Green/White) colours for the display and 112 different colours to match unit illumination to the dash.


Lana Del Rey is turning into one of the world's biggest superstars with each passing day. Her music has been increasingly popular over the last few years, with the release of popular hit tracks including 'Summertime Sadness' and 'Young and Beautiful', the latter given even more of a boost of popularity given its eminence in the Baz Luhrmann film adaptation of The Great Gatsby, the film at the centre of seemingly everybody's radar when it was released late last year.
With the release of Del Rey's third and latest album Ultraviolence earlier this month, her stardom has exploded into new realms. Seemingly every music journalist and publication has grappled for interviews with her, the album has so far received positive reviews, and is currently sitting at number six on the iTunes album chart. Her music is undoubtedly the work of a very talented woman, but it is also her stylised image in addition to her music that is drawing Del Rey publicity and fascination from the general public and the music world.
Interestingly, in 2008, Cobain's Sweet 16 party was 'suicide' themed, which drew her an equal amount of scrutiny and criticism for her arguably poor taste, in light of her family's history. When taking into account her recent criticism towards Del Rey, we can only assume that she has matured significantly over her years to acknowledge the true harm and pain that suicide and premature death causes not only her family, but countless other families alike.
No matter whose side of this argument we choose to take, it is almost certain that these such comments will do no damage to Del Rey's album sales or quirky public image. And by granting publicity to the issue of premature death, we can at least acknowledge that, although it may be romanticised, it is the harsh reality that should be given the publicity.
This entry was posted in Celebrity, Opinion and tagged celebrity, feminism, lana del rey, Opinion. Bookmark the permalink.


text:
In 2006, Cambodia's mineral resources remained, to a large extent, unexplored. Between 2003 and 2006, however, foreign investors from Australia, China, South Korea, Thailand, and the United States began to express their interest in Cambodia's potential for offshore oil and gas as well as such land-based metallic minerals as bauxite, copper, gold, and iron ore, and such industrial minerals as gemstones and limestone.

The identified mineral resources in Cambodia were bauxite, carbonate rocks, natural gas, gemstones, gold, manganese, petroleum, phosphate rock, salt, silica, and zircon. With the exception of carbonate rocks and gemstones, the country's mineral resources were largely unexploited. To attract domestic and foreign mining companies to invest in the mining sector, the Law of Minerals Management and Mining of Cambodia was promulgated by the government on July 13, 2001.

Legal framework
The Ministry of Industry, Mines and Energy (MIME) is the main government agency that implements the country's mineral law and policy. The MIME's Department of Geology and Mines and Department of Energy are responsible for developing the country's mineral resources, providing mining assistance to the private sector, and administering mining-related regulations and inspections. The Cambodian Development Council (CDC) is the government agency that grants exploration licenses to investors. If exploration is successful, investors are required to present a master project plan to the CDC before being granted a mining license. The amount of investment approved for mining projects by the CDC totaled $181 million in 2005.

Minerals in the national economy
The mining and quarry sector contributed only 0.39% of Cambodia's gross domestic product in 2005. The sector employed an estimated 19,000 people and accounted for only 0.2% of the country's total employment in 2005.

Production
According to official statistics of the Department of Geology and Mines, the mining activities in Cambodia during the past 2 years involved the production of laterite blocks (red soil), limestone for cement manufacturing, sand and gravel, and crude stone for construction material. Other minerals, such as gemstones and gold, reportedly were mined in the central province of Kampong Cham and the northeastern provinces of Mondol Kiri and Ratanakiri. Production data for gemstones, gold, and limestone, however, were not available.

Industry structure
Cambodia's mineral industry is still in its infant stage, and most mining companies are small-scale quarries that produce such construction materials as limestone, sand and gravel, and other construction aggregates. Production capacity data are not available for each of these small miners. Between 1994 and 2006, the MIME granted a total of 19 mineral exploration licenses to local and foreign companies, of which 11 projects were to explore for metallic minerals; 3, for iron ore; 2, for gold; 2, for bauxite; and 1, for coal. Between 2005 and 2006, the MIME had granted mining licenses to 11 companies; five of the licenses were for gemstone (zircon) projects, five were for limestone projects, and one was for a granite project.

As of 2012, the MIME reported that a total of 91 domestic and
foreign companies held mining and exploration licenses in
Cambodia. A total of 139 exploration projects were authorized
under the licenses granted, out of which 13 had been licensed
to conduct mining projects
In early 2013, Chinese engineering firm Sinomach China Perfect Machinery Industry Corp and Cambodian Petrochemical Company announced they would jointly build a $2.3 billion oil refinery in Sihanoukville, which would be the first oil refinery in the country.

Commodities

Gold
In February 2006, 100% of Liberty Mining International PTY. Ltd., which had 100% interest in two gold projects in the Ban Lung and the Ou Ya Dav/Andoung Meas areas in Ratanakiri Province, was acquired by Great Australian Resources Ltd. (GAR). During 2006, GAR reportedly undertook and completed an aeromagnetic survey of the two project areas and carried out an extensive soil geochemical sampling program in the Ban Lung area and a diamond drilling program in the Ou Ya Dav area.

Cement
An $80 million project to build a cement plant in Kampot Province, which was proposed by Siam Cement Group of Thailand, was approved by the government in late 2005. In January 2006, construction work on the 800,000 metric-ton-per-year cement plant was begun by Thai Siam Cement Industry in the Touk Meas, Kampot Province. The cement plant, which was located 130 km south of Phnom Penh, was scheduled to begin production during the second quarter of 2007. Kampot Cement Co. Ltd. and Tahi Boon Roon Cement Co. Ltd., which were licensed to quarry limestone in the areas of Tatung and Phnom Laag, would supply limestone to the cement plant.

Natural gas and petroleum
To further understand and expand the oil resources in Block A, which is located about 130 km off the west coast of Cambodia, Chevron Overseas Petroleum (Cambodia) Ltd. (COPCL) (an affiliated company of Chevron Corporation of the United States) and the Cambodian government signed a joint study agreement (JSA) in 2006. Under the JSA, COPCL was expected to drill five offshore exploration wells in Cambodia in 2006 and an additional five wells in 2007. Block A, which covers a 6,278-square-kilometer (km2) area of the Khmer Basin in the Gulf of Thailand, was owned by COPCL (55%), Moeco Cambodia Ltd. (an affiliate company of Japan's Mitsui Oil exploration Co.) (30%), and South Korea's GS Caltex Corp. (15%).

In September 2006, French TotalEnergies (TOT) and an unidentified Chinese oil company reportedly were competing for the rights to explore for potentially rich oil and gas reserves in Block B, which covers a 6,557-km2 area offshore the southeastern coast of Cambodia. According to a Cambodia Daily report, officials from Chinese National Petroleum Offshore Oil Co. (CNOOC) met with Cambodia's prime minister in July 2006 and expressed interest in Block B. According to an official of Cambodian National Petroleum Authority's petroleum exploration department, TOT was interested in the offshore field, but negotiations were slow.

Onshore oil and gas exploration began in January 2012 by a Japanese firm (JOGMEC) in the Preah Vihear provinceas part of "Basic Agreement for the Study and Survey Program in Block 17". Block 17 consists of a total area of 6,500 square kilometers of hilly forest in Kampong Thom, Preah Vihear and Siem Reap provinces.

See also

Economy of Cambodia
Natural resources of Cambodia
Child labour in Cambodia

References

Mining in Cambodia
Economy of Cambodia
Fossil fuels in Cambodia


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text:
Dalata To Build New €40m Hotel In Dublin
Published on Feb 15 2016 10:53 AM in Hotel tagged: Featured Post / Dalata / Dublin City Council / An Bord Pleanala
The country's largest hotel operator Dalata has unveiled plans to build a new 181-bedroom hotel on a site it recently acquired in Dublin 2.
The company has paid €11.9m for the 0.95 acre site of the former Charlemont Clinic on the Grand Canal, where it intends to build the new 4-star hotel with restaurant, café/bar and business facilities at a cost of an estimated €40 million.
Dalata said it plans to complete the planning process, enabling the construction of a new Clayton Hotel expected to be completed in the first half of 2018, creating 100 new jobs when the hotel is operation, said the company.
Dermot Crowley, Deputy CEO Business Development and Finance, said: "The Charlemont Clinic site is very well located in Dublin 2 and is ideally suited to a Clayton hotel. The Dublin hotel market is significantly undersupplied at present and we are pleased to bring these additional bedrooms to the city."
Last month, Dalata made a major play in the hotel market by securing leasehold interest of four hotels for an enterprise value of €40 million. The four hotels are the Gibson Hotel Dublin, the Croydon Park Hotel in Croydon, London, and the Clarion Hotel Cork and the Clarion Hotel Limerick.
Hotel Sector Experienced Lowest Profit Growth In Seven Years In 2018
Plans Revealed For 34-Storey Tower Hotel At Cork's Custom House Quay Site
Luxury B&B Opens For Business In Whitehead, Co. Antrim
New 24-Bedroom Eco Hotel Opens In Ballycastle, Co. Antrim
A Record 3.2m Travellers Passed Through Dublin Airport In June
Latest in Hotel
Ballynahinch Castle Ranked Number Six Resort Hotel In Britain And Ireland
UK Watchdog Proposes To Fine Marriott $124m For Data Breach


text:
Mo Yan and Joseph Anton
Mumbai.
If Mo Yan had chosen to live in a swanky hideout in the nowhere space offered as asylum, there would be much jubilation over his being awarded this year's Nobel Prize for Literature. Instead, he lives in China, was educated in the People's Liberation Army (PLA) school. He is the bad guy, not because he has books titled Big Breasts and Wide Hips and The Republic of Wine, but because he was part of a group of Chinese writers who helped compile Mao's speeches for a special commemorative issue.
Human rights lawyer Teng Biao said, "On the political front, he is singing the same tune with an undemocratic regime. I think for him to win the Nobel Prize for Literature is inappropriate. As an influential writer, he didn't use his influence to speak up for intellectuals and political prisoners – instead he catered to the government's interests by handwriting the speech."
Was he doing it out of fear or a genuine loyalty to the once supreme leader who appears as a symbol of power and desertion, one aspect trailing the other like a scorpion biting its tail?
There are movements in the world that still use the Mao name. If indeed Mo is an establishment man, then why did the Nobel Committee choose him? Don't they stick to the tried-and-tested western module with a touch of exotica? It is perhaps akin to accepting that Apple products are made in China.
While oppression in the world is something that needs exposure, why does international recognition for it matter? Have his writings made an impact on the society he writes about?
In a curious transposition, the Peace Prize two years ago went to the imprisoned Chinese dissident Liu Xiaobo. (More in my CounterPunch piece on Nobel Dissonance) He dedicated the award to "all those lost souls who have sacrificed their lives in non-violent struggle for peace, democracy and freedom", the reference being to the 1989 massacre in Tiananmen Square by the Chinese army. Mo, whose real name is Guan Moye, was born in a village in Shandong. He wrote some of his works as a soldier of the PLA.
As I have not read him, except for bits and pieces that have now been made accessible, I shall rely on the idea of literature as pamphleteering. Is all anti-establishment writing truly breaking the shackles? Does it not follow its own 'system'? The exile often has the advantage of distance and the romanticism associated with the fallen angel.
Mo is an insider, who strides two worlds, carrying a double baggage. One of his books has been banned in China. He has been called vulgar. He writes about the world around him.
In Red Sorghum he spoke about the brutalities in rural China in the early years of the century. Is he using the past deliberately, so that his present and future are ensured? The PLA got the book banned, but it was made into a film that won an Oscar nomination and a Golden Bear at the German Film Festival; its English translation got him a Man Booker nomination.
Commentators have said that although he deals with sensitive issues he has managed to steer clear of rubbing the regime the wrong way. Why is acceptance by the west more legitimate than those by his government? He is living the life that others see as a cage. When he says, "I think writers write for their consciences, they write for their own true audiences, for their souls", his isolation is complete. There is no escape route he seeks.
It is easy to dismiss a person for professing fealty to a system we as outsiders find reprehensible. But, how many supposedly free regimes are truly free? Don't we have a situation where creativity begs solitude and 'misery literature' wallows in self-inflicted pain? Mo has said, "Loneliness and hunger were my fortunes of creation." This is not a bombastic statement. His roots are in peasantry, and while the idea of someone toeing the party line may not appeal to our concept of expression, can we ignore the fact that the outsiders seek the patronage of fellow rebels, if not shrewd opponents of their origins?
As "Mumbai boy" Salman Rushdie said of Britain, "I am a knight of the realm and I feel deeply, deeply connected. I have lived in this country longer than I've lived anywhere and I am a citizen of this country. My children are English and both of their mothers were English. These are roots which are deeper than my roots in India."
Joseph Anton – A Memoir lies near my bed table unfinished, a half-eaten apple turned brown.
That Rushdie has used the pseudonym he was forced to adopt when in hiding to tell his story is less about detachment, as some reviewers have suggested, and more to take liberties with the recounting. It could be fiction. It could be about someone else. It could be the man who got away. His felicity with the language makes you forget that he is recounting his story yet again. It is like a loop played out on TV channels, until you are drained or your eyes begin to sting. For a true reader, both might happen.
Rushdie's supporters do not necessarily comprise of literary mavericks. They are riding the gravy cart where moral concern legitimises them. For example, the deliberate act of reading extracts from The Satanic Verses at a literary festival in India lacked the spontaneity of protest; it was a vulture-with-prey moment. It can pay rich dividends. Rushdie is the godfather, hunted and haunted, because he is in charge. This lends 'Joseph Anton' the spine of martyred megalomania.
If he let the dust settle, there would be no castles in the air, no waves to wash them away, no tragedy to hold up the shaky edifice of celebrity. Regurgitation is reminiscence.
Mo Yan is a pen name that means "Don't speak". Imagine Faiz writing, "Khamosh reh ke lab quaid hai tere" (Stay silent for your words are caged) This is, of course, turning on its head the revolutionary Pakistani poet's well-known work, "Bol, ke lab azaad hai tere" (Speak, for your lips/words are free). It is not about the standard prescription of freedom of expression, but the depth of burning oneself in the furnace and being able to recount it. The poem is self-exploration, not a demand for rights.
Is creative expression about expansionism? Would that not work as a totem? Must literature be obtuse and inaccessible? Or should it "gather ye rose buds while ye may"?
There is nothing like an independent award. Every committee has its credo. The Nobel Prize for Literature either goes for straight populism or the interestingly obscure.
Peter Englund, head of the Swedish Academy said of Mo: "He has such a unique way of writing. If you read half a page of Mo Yan you immediately recognise it as him." I should assume they read more than that. Unique voices are rare to come by, but I am not sure if the praise by the Academy sounds awfully good when it states that his works "with hallucinatory realism merges folk tales, history and the contemporary".
Accolades for awards such as these sound like Linda Goodman personality tests, or even compatibility quotients. So, Mo is a bit like Marquez, a little like Faulkner, Lawrence, and Hemingway, not to forget magic realism, which is such an all-encompassing term. Writers, like most creative people, do stretch the boundaries of the factual, of truth. Without perception and perspective, creativity would be robotic reportage.
Careless encomiums reduce the writer to basic parameters. Why must the works be reminiscent of anyone? Because, those giving awards have a draft. It is unfortunate that we are isolated from the literature of the world as much as we are from our own different regional flavours, except perhaps for Paulo Coelho who is like Deepak Chopra who is like Rumi in a blender.
Mo had said in a speech a few years ago, "A writer should express criticism and indignation at the dark side of society and the ugliness of human nature, but we should not use one uniform expression. Some may want to shout on the street, but we should tolerate those who hide in their rooms and use literature to voice their opinions."
This might be seen as subtle, or it could well be someone who thinks it is fine to be part of the system. How can these two aspects depict the landscape of the dispossessed? This is quite interesting, for the dispossessed possess a landscape that can in fact be legitimately depicted.
Does a writer need to convey just one train of thought and one part of society? Is the political environment relevant to the writing? Is the writing more important than the ideas? Is the influence of those ideas more important than the ideas themselves?
Do any of these bring about change? We cannot speak of actual change, for the dynamics of social behaviour and political movements are not dependent on literary inputs for reforms. While many literary works have affected us individually, we cannot name even a few that have altered the way a society functions.
Writers may take their raw material from the world or the way they see the world, but it does not mean that it is the world as it is. For, the world is never as it is.
Just as reminiscences are not shoe boxes.
Farzana Versey is a Mumbai-based writer. She can be reached at http://farzana-versey.blogspot.com/
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You are at:Home»World»Turkey slams US decision to arm Syrian Kurds
Turkey slams US decision to arm Syrian Kurds
By Agencies on	 May 10, 2017 World
Istanbul: The Turkish deputy Prime Minister on Wednesday described the US' decision to arm Kurdish fighters in the fight against the Islamic State (IS) militants in Syria as "unacceptable".
Washington's announcement that it would start providing weapons to groups such as the People's Protection Units (YPG) raised eyebrows in Turkey, which considers the group a terror organisation.
"The fact that the US is handing over arms to the YPG, which even they have recognised is a terror group, does not change reality, this cannot be accepted," deputy PM Nurettin Canikli told Turkish television.
Ankara considers the YPG to be an affiliate of the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) guerrilla group, which is active in eastern Turkey and is considered a terror organisation by Turkey, the US and the European Union.
The YPG, however, is not classed as a terror group by the US or the EU and has been backed by Washington in its ongoing advance against the Islamic State terror group in Syria's Raqqa province, Efe news reported.
Conflicting approaches to Kurdish militias in the international fight against the IS has caused tensions between Turkey and the West.
Clashes between the YPG and Turkish-backed rebels from the Free Syrian Army have intensified since Ankara's 2016 military intervention in northern Syria.
Islamic State Turkish deputy Prime Minister unacceptable US YPG
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Q: Where to find really good code examples I am a new web programmer and am always looking to improve my knowledge and skills.  As such I have read countless times on stackoverflow that a good way to do this is to read other peoples code.
This is all fine and well but where can i find some good examples of really well written code?  Im thinking specifically php here since this is my main language of use and as its server side i can just look at the source?

A: Learn how Zend Framework is written. They adopt the best language practices in my opinion.

A: Now I am not exactly answering your question (at least not directly) but hopefully you will get some ideas that might be helpful to you.
Well written code can be a lot of things. It all depends on what you want to do.
Efficient code can not only be code that executes fast but also code that are easy to maintain and/or expand. It all depends on your needs.
A good way to start is to break down your problem into simpler problems first and then decide how to solve it. A good way to learn is to read, modify and above all understand other peoples code.
I've once heard a story about a great programmer. He always had a teddy bear sitting next to him and when the code did not work as expected he took the teddy bear on his lap and explained him every line in the code. You see - he actually explained the code to himself. That can sometimes be the best debugging tool since you risk discovering your own mistakes ;)
Also as an example keep in mind that for fast executing code it is especially important to minimize the amount of variables used in a loop. With some luck all your variables can be stored in the CPU's registers for the duration of the entire loop thus avoiding latency for swapping data on the main memory.

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