text:
ikea japan kk
syndicate - 10 sujeet kumar choudhary sandeep kumar manik abrol yogesh mahar shiksha khuswaha snata prusty urvashi nirula teji ahlawat sushma ojha. Technische Universiteit Delft. You can try once a day. We interviewed Mr. Peter List, President and CEO of IKEA Japan KK (hereinafter, Ikea), to find out about the company's view on its business in Japan. The first store was opened in Tokyo, Funabashi in April 2006. But our business model is a store of 20,000 square meters plus. It exited from the country in 1986, after failing to develop a significant presence. To purchase, participate in the online drawing in advance.Also, instead of a fukubukuro, there is also a "New Year's gift" where 10 people can win a gift card worth 10,000 yen during the lottery period! I am inspired daily by what I see when I go shopping, the culture, the beauty, the people and the food. All rights reserved. List of names, job titles & professional emails of people working for IKEA Japan KK. ikea – case study. We wish them all the best in Japan! From a small child, I had this ambition to live and work in Japan, always fascinated by the culture of Japan. "CEO Voices in Japan". Find furniture and home decoration for your home to celebrate Ramadan. Visit IKEA online and find storage ideas, bedroom solutions and many new ideas how to improve your home. The Japanese market plays an important role in growing Ikea globally. We are planning to open more stores in the regional markets such as Hiroshima and Maebashi in Gunma. said Thursday it will open an outlet in front of Harajuku Station in Tokyo in spring 2020. IKEA LANSERER KLESKOLLEKSJON: Ifølge en japansk pressemelding er det kjempepopulært med Ikea-effekter i Tokyo. shopping experience. Ikea in Japan opened the first store in 2006 in Funabashi City, Chiba, and since then, the company has opened stores not only in the Kanto region, but also in regional cities, emphasizing good relationships with local communities. 外資系・グローバル企業の転職・求人情報が満載!英語を使う仕事につきたい方必見!中国語など他外国語の求人もあります。あなたの求める外資系のお仕事が見つかります。履歴書作成や転職サポートなど役立ちツール満載!転職フォーラム随時開催! Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 102-0073 Japan +81 332644105 communication@akzonobel.com . Assembling IKEA products + Return policy + FAQ + Contact us. Also, there is very high literacy level in Japan as well. You're a vital part of the IKEA business – now more than ever. We provide a wide range of furniture products and interior equipment at low prices that you can buy online. This site uses javascript. Ikea lanserer kleskolleksjon Men klærne vil kun være til salgs i Japan. Benefit from our continuous innovation and … For example, we used to make our sofas in the same size around the world, but we made them smaller so that they fit life at home in Japan. Opening a new store creates a lot of visitation and traffic, so working in harmony with the local community as well as the authorities is important. IKEA Japan. And the respect people have for each other and the caring society are now part of what really helps me live my life in Japan. of IKEA in Sweden and two Asian countries, Japan and China. To use all functions, please enable javascript. See all IKEA Products now! In July 2002, the IKEA Group established IKEA Japan KK. Planning and shopping support services are available online. So we can say that it's been a win-win relationship. In 1958, IKEA was introduced as a leader of Swedish Furniture Company. Global furniture giant IKEA is putting a family-friendly twist to their famous (and sometimes, hard-to-follow) assembly instructions by revealing easy how-tos on making furniture forts—just the perfect activity to keep the fun alive at home during quarantine.. Frequently Asked Questions You may find your Answers in our FAQ page. Contact us. So we need a big piece of land, and then also we need a lot of people to live in the area to bring an Ikea store there, so it takes time to make a decision. On the other hand, I feel very lucky that our vision and our business idea is something they want in their areas, and we have lots of good relationships with the authorities in areas where we have already opened a store, as well as with those in areas where we are planning to move into. Valid until 29/11. Our strength is very much about our vision. These two factors alone make it very appealing. IKEA Japan has been actively expanding its store network by forming strong relationships with local communities. We started in the Småland region in the south of Sweden. IKEA Family. Read about our unique vision and business idea, and the fascinating story about how IKEA was founded more than 75 years ago and grew from being a tiny company in the Swedish countryside into what it is today – a global brand with almost 1 billion store visits last year. FAQ. Not only sofas but also chopsticks and firmer mattresses, and cooling products developed in Japan are sold around the world. Among our stores in regional cities, IKEA Sendai, that's a bit of a unique decision we made. We introduced this service because many people come by public transport to an Ikea store. Another one is that we have unique Ikea products relevant in the Japanese market. Đồ dùng gia đình IKEA tại Việt Nam nhập khẩu chính hãng, giá cả cạnh trạnh, hàng hóa đa dạng, bảo hành, đổi trả dễ dàng. We had been discussing opening a store in Sendai and planned to do so sometime after 2020, but after the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011, we decided to really support the region, and brought that store forward by about 10 years, because good neighbors are a very important part of Ikea's concept. Japan is an innovation power house – many recent global technology revolutions started in Japan: The global mobile internet revolution started February 22, 1999 in Japan with Docomo's i … And it's a trend, and people like to have these sorts of products anywhere in the world. We have a team of experts in each industry, who understands your business and objectives. All for free. Business / Corporate Nov 16, 2018. Valid from 26/11 until 29/11. Get 10% coupon rebate for purchases over ¥200,00015 October 2020 – 13 December 2020. Ikea wants to become accessible for many people, and today, we have eight stores across Japan, but we would like to have 14 stores by 2020. Shop here now. Those things still live today in Ikea even though we've grown into a global company. Copyright (C) 1995-2020 Japan External Trade Organization(JETRO). IKEA Japan KKのBusiness Navigation & Service manager. We also place importance on the Nagoya suburbs, which is one of the mega markets, and are developing a plan to open our first store in the Chubu region. When building a relationship, we explain what Ikea is and make sure that any concerns from the community are listened to so we are a true neighbor and a good partner, which takes a long time. Products stocks are updated daily. You make it possible for people to have a smarter life at home and a rewarding (hiccup-free!) Ikea is a major furniture manufacturer founded in Sweden, and opened its first Japanese store in 2006. We actually are very lucky. We want to build a relationship with the local community, and that is not only when we open a new store. The research problems, aim of thesis and target group are described in this part. And you help make IKEA a great and efficient place to work with digital solutions for every business need. IKEA Japan KK (Mr. Peter List) Ikea is a major furniture manufacturer founded in Sweden, and opened its first Japanese store in 2006. You help make IKEA an innovative and modern brand. We've been approached by many authorities saying please bring Ikea to us. After 2020, we would like to have more stores and launch an e-commerce business as well, to be able to offer items at even more affordable prices. President and CEO Tommy Kullberg said the company has learned from its past mistakes, conducting extensive market research aimed at … You can make your purchases through the IKEA e-shop. Mr. Peter List, President and CEO of IKEA Japan KK (Ikea's vision on the background). 1.1 Background IKEA was established in 1943 by Ingvar Kamprad in order to sell pens, wallets and picture frame. Since then, IKEA Japan has opened eight stores across the country including those in regional cities, and announced its plan to have 14 stores by 2020. Shop at IKEA for well-designed scandinavian furniture, household goods, home decoration with low prices but high quality online or at our 9 IKEA stores. Request to assemble IKEA furniture at an affordable price. IKEA takes a step forward in its journey to become a circular business by 2030, with the opening of its first world's first second-hand store in Eskilstuna, Sweden. Another reason is that IKEA attracts other retailers to their location and IKEA therefore should take advantage of that by acquiring the surrounding land. Business (Office, Retail, Restaurant & More), Best small storage solutions for the Home, Tips for choosing interiors and furniture. news. Maybe they don't want to buy anything today, and that's okay, but if they come and visit us, it's a fun day out, and they get ideas and inspiration. In addition, many people live in small spaces in Japan and we have a lot of business experiences for areas with small space living like Japan, for example, New York, Paris, London, and so we have opportunities to apply that know-how that we acquired in other countries into Japan. Ikea Japan K.K. Mua ngay! We interviewed Mr. Peter List, President and CEO of IKEA Japan, to find out about the company's view on its business in Japan. Get extra 30% on buyback. Ikea's vision is "to create a better everyday life for the many people," and the company has built its stores in Europe, North America and Asia. Create A Dinosaur Themed Kids Room with JÄTTELIK! We had the honor of working for IKEA – IKEA is another company that "thinks different" in so many creative ways. Choose from "storage", "cooking", "sustainability", and "food" bags with limited numbers. AkzoNobel K.K. In this region, the ethics of work, the togetherness and the passion to achieve something were very strong and everybody worked together and worked very hard towards a common goal of helping that village grow and develop. Since then, IKEA Japan has opened eight stores across the country including those in regional cities, and announced its plan to have 14 stores by 2020. Today, Monday April 24, 2006 at 7:30am, IKEA invited about 300 guests to celebrate the opening of the first 100% IKEA-owned IKEA store in Japan. We will collect IKEA furniture that you no longer need. That is also our culture and values. View the products-20% on rugs. The IKEA story If you think IKEA is a bit different from most companies, you're right. They eat in a restaurant and just maybe they might buy something small to take home with them. Sustainable Week. By early 2005, IKEA had not opened any stores. Foto: Ikea Vis mer IKEA Japan KK was established in 2002 and opened the first store on April 24 this year in Funabashi, Chiba Prefecture, and opens the second store this week on September 15 in Kohoku, located in Shin-Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture. We really tailored that to the Japanese consumers who come to an Ikea store by train or bus, and that actually now has been copied around the world. But when they think of furniture, the next time they need a bed or a sofa, then they have Ikea in their mind and that's what we want to do to help provide a better everyday life. It also has the third largest GDP in the world. Japan is the second biggest retail market in the world. Regarding the return of products purchased at IKEA Stores and Pick Up and Order Points, you have 40 days to change your mind after the stores reopen. I love living in Japan. Japan is the world's third largest market, competitor, and partner. Ikea Japan to open outlet in Harajuku in 2020. GetEmail.io : get anyone's email address in seconds. Japan. Get our products at lower prices now! After a 20-year hiatus, IKEA Japan K.K. IKEA first entered Japan in 1974 through a joint venture with a Japanese company as a part of its plans to expand globally. In order to create a better everyday life for the many people, we have opened our stores across Japan. IKEA enters Japan for the second time, 32 years after the first entry to Japan. 2020.5.23 【再入荷予定】現在欠品中「dcデュアルキャディバッグ」の再入荷は6月中旬の予定となっております。 I have visited homes across Japan so that we can develop our product range that is unique but relevant for Japan, based on their life styles and opinions. Mr. Peter List, President and CEO of IKEA Japan KK (Ikea's vision on the background) Ikea is a major furniture manufacturer founded in Sweden, and opened its first Japanese store in 2006. ikea 世界中にファンを持つ北欧スウェーデン発のikea(イケア)の家具や生活雑貨は、「より快適な毎日を、より多くの方々に」をモットーに、低価格ながら品質の良い素材を使い、機能的に設計されています。オンラインストアなら、日本全国どこからでもお買い物が可能。 When entering the Japanese market, we have issues such as restrictions on the acquisition of land for large-scale retail stores, regulations on product certification and labeling introduced only in Japan, and restrictions on the importation of food products that we offer at our restaurants. Regarding IKEA Fukuoka Shingu, we selected the place which is next to a train station and we could also have lots of parking spaces. TTPP International Business Matching site, Japanese agriculture, forestry, fisheries and food, First Japanese store, IKEA Funabashi and second Japanese store IKEA Kohoku opened, IKEA Kobe, IKEA Tsuruhama and IKEA Shinmisato opened, Selling of DIY furniture and interior goods, (Head office) 2-3-30, Hamacho, Funabashi-shi, Chiba. We are always continuously on our way to meeting our vision, "To create a better everyday life for the many people." So it means that we're not just selling furniture, we're actually creating a better everyday life for the many people, and that inspires me in my work to come to work every day. It's a beautiful country and everything is seamless, and everything works at the right time. After a successful establishment and launch of IKEA in Japan, Mr. Tommy Kullberg has decided to resign as President & CEO of IKEA Japan KK. The company has announced its plan to have 14 stores in Japan by 2020 and been actively expanding its store network. With 125 million people it's a large and important country. Dominique Mager | 日本 千葉県 | IKEA Japan KK - Store Manager - Project Manager | 1人のつながり | Dominiqueさんのホームページ、プロフィール、アクティビティ、記事を表示 We are very careful where we place our stores. Parts of this interview can be viewed on the "CEO Voices in Japan" section of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry website. Join now The Japanese consumers value service, so we had to think about how we offer low-priced products to them but at the same time, how we also add service. GetEmail.io. Get exclusive offers, inspiration, and lots more to help bring your ideas to life. We will take a case study of IKEA how they took the marketing research, to successfully establish their business in Japan, in-spite of the difficulties they faced. The case discusses in detail Sweden-based furniture retailer, IKEA re-entry into the Japanese market and the strategies it adopted on its re-entry. We provide interior planning for IKEA for Business members. And we introduced something called the "Tebura de box." This is a box where you could post all your products and then we would send it to your home. Since then, IKEA Japan has opened eight stores across the country including those in regional cities, and announced its plan to have 14 stores by 2020. If we can see more mutual recognition and relaxation of regulations in the future, that would bring a great benefit not only to the company, but also to the Japanese consumers. See more. IKEA's History IKEA is the one of the famous ready-to-assemble furniture company and as of 2008, it is the world largest furniture retailers. Clearance sale for limited time. イケア・ジャパン株式会社 (ikea japan)の会社情報ページ。イケア・ジャパン株式会社の取り扱いブランドやショップ・店舗、ファミリーセール情報、最新のニュース、求人、などを掲載。 In addition to the four stores in the Kanto region, we have stores in Kobe City in Hyogo, Osaka City in Osaka, Kasuya-gun in Fukuoka and Sendai City in Miyagi.
Gibson Custom Shop Options, Lasko Wind Curve Tower Fan, Old Man Logan Série, Back-to-school Quotes For Elementary Students, Used Semi Truck Brake Drums For Sale, Psychosomatic Medicine Impact Factor 2018, Lemon Lime Nandina Problems,


Training the Aging Brain: Is Cognitive Decline Inevitable?
Should We Brain-Train in School?
In Why Train Your Brain?
In To Train or Not to Train?
Chapter 5 Rehabilitating and (Re-)Training the Injured Brain Our greatest glory is not in never falling, but in getting up every time we fall. confucius Sometimes, the brain could use a bit of help. This chapter features approaches to brain training that aim to rehabilitate or remediate cognitive functions in acquired brain injury. From head trauma to stroke, the causes of brain injury vastly differ. In addition to improving behavior, brain training can aid in the characterization and diagnosis of brain injury symptoms. Here we sketch out methods to restore typical function by activating or stimulating relevant neural networks.


text:
package game.commands;

import game.Game;
import game.entities.Player;

public final class ScoreCommand extends Command
{
    protected ScoreCommand()
    {
        super ("score");
    }

    protected void parse(String command)
    {
        String strArray[] = command.split(" ");
        if (strArray.length < 3)
        {
            System.err.println("The cheat entered is too small!");
        }
        else
        {
            Player player = Game.getGame().getPlayer();
            int amount = Integer.parseInt(strArray[2]);
            if (strArray[1].trim().equalsIgnoreCase("set"))
            {
                player.setScore(amount);
            }
            else if (strArray[1].trim().equalsIgnoreCase("add"))
            {
                player.addScore(amount);
            }
            else if (strArray[1].trim().equalsIgnoreCase("subtract"))
            {
                player.removeScore(amount);
            }
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


A bequest left by conservationists Jenny and John Barnett, who lost their lives in the 2009 Victorian bushfires, has been put into protecting threatened Plains Woodland.
Bush Heritage Reserve Manager Jeroen van Veen with 300-year-old yellow gums.
The bequest enabled Bush Heritage Australia and Trust for Nature to purchase 190 ha property near Wedderburn in central Victoria, which has been renamed "Barnett Block" in memory of the Barnetts.
The property will be incorporated into Bush Heritage Australia's Nardoo Hills reserves that protect healthy stands of rare and nationally threatened Grassy Box woodlands, and support more than 110 bird species. The Barnett Reserve also has a rare natural spring within its Plains Grassy Woodlands, which is important habitat for declining woodland fauna.
Bush Heritage Australia Chief Executive Gerard O'Neill said the Barnetts were greatly respected in the conservation community.
"Their deaths in the Black Saturday bushfires was a tragedy not only for their families and friends, but also for the environment movement," O'Neill said.
The couple, who had a home at Steels Creek near Kinglake, had dedicated their lives to animal welfare and caring for the bush and had a wish to see Victorian natural heritage protected for generations to come.
The Barnetts had spent time in Central Victoria working with organisations including Bush Heritage on fauna monitoring and erecting nesting boxes.
Jenny also discovered a new species of ant on neighboring Nardoo Hills commonly known as Jenny's bull ant.
The Barnett Block is significant for its mature stands of yellow box, grey box and yellow gum, and woodland habitat for the nationally endangered Swift Parrot and declining woodland birds such as the hooded robin, brown treecreeper and painted buttonquail.
Bush Heritage is also hoping it will find the threatened northern golden moth orchid on the property, once threats such as weeds and grazing are managed.
"This new reserve will be named in John's and Jenny's memory and will protect some of Victoria's native mammals, birds, reptiles and invertebrates, including Jenny's bull ant, for the long-term," Trust for Nature CEO Victoria Marles said.
Bush Heritage Australia Reserve Manager Jeroen van Veen said one of the first things planned for the Barnett Block was a plant inventory to help create a baseline for future management to record important information for managing, restoring and even extending habitat for threatened species.
"We are hoping the large grey box and yellow box trees on the Barnett Block will provide food and roosting sites for Swift Parrots over-wintering in the region," van Veen said.
Since European settlement, Victoria has lost 83 per cent of its woodland ecosystems to land clearing.


Don't miss this bright & sunny 1BD/1BA 2-lvl Logan Circle condo in the Rockingham with storage! Eye catching details throughout including hardwood, wood burning FP, exposed brick, & walk-in closet. Kitch boasts updated granite, SS, maple cabinetry, & breakfast bar. Enjoy living close to all that Logan Circle has to offer incl. Whole Foods, metro, shops, dining, museums, & more!
All listing information is deemed reliable but not guaranteed. Listing data provided by Bright, Inc. as of Friday, April 19, 2019. Listing information courtesy of Redfin Corp.


This category includes sites that provide free Web based telephone/address look up services.
Reverse phone lookup. Provides information for both landline and mobile phone number.
Offers business, person, and reverse phone number lookups for the United States.
Indo-Canadian directory serving the Okanagan region of British Columbia.
International dialing codes and numbering plans.
International residence and business listings for most countries. Offered in multiple languages.
Offers email addresses, phone numbers, street addresses and business listings.
Directory of telephone numbers for companies and individuals in Egypt.
Local white and yellow page phone directories for several African countries.
Accurate taxi companies information directory and search engine providing phone numbers and urls worldwide.


Lesson 18: "Be Strong and of a Good Courage"
Reading and studying the scriptures make us conscious of the many conditional promises made by the Lord to encourage obedience and righteous living. Israelite history is filled with examples of covenants, which constitute one of the central themes of the Old Testament--the promises of God made in exchange for the commitments of the prophets and the people.
Several experiences in the life of Joshua are instructive to us today regarding the importance placed by the Lord on keeping commitments and on being committed to following the commandments and direction he has given.
"As I was with Moses, so I will be with thee: I will not fail thee, nor forsake thee.
Joshua would need courage for what he had to do. He would need the Lord's help at every step. Here is a commitment of the Lord to provide that help. With faith in the Lord, Joshua could now go forward, knowing that the Lord would direct him in the way he should go. Joshua knew that his obedience would bring success, and although he did not know exactly how he would succeed, he now had confidence in the result.
Soon after, when Joshua was directed to destroy the city of Jericho that lay before them, the great walls of the city stood as an imposing and physically impossible barrier to Israel's success--or at least so it seemed. Not knowing the means, but assured as to the end, Joshua carried out the instructions he had been given by a messenger of the Lord. His commitment was to complete obedience. His concern was to do precisely as he was instructed, that the promise of the Lord would be fulfilled. The instructions no doubt seemed strange, but his faith in the outcome urged him on. The result, of course, was another in a long series of miracles experienced by the Israelites as they were led over many years by Moses, by Joshua, and by many other prophets who were committed to follow the commandments and the directives of the Lord.
Here was a great statement of full commitment of a man to God; of a prophet to the desires of the Lord; of Joshua the man to his God, who had many times previously blessed his obedience. He was telling the Israelites that regardless of how they decided, he would do what he knew was right. He was saying that his decision to serve the Lord was independent of whatever they decided; that their actions would not affect his; that his commitment to do the Lord's will would not be altered by anything they or anyone else would do. Joshua was firmly in control of his actions and had his eyes fixed on the commandments of the Lord. He was committed to obedience.
We have, then, examples from the scriptures of how we should consider and evaluate the commandments of the Lord. If we choose to react like Joshua, and Abraham, and Rebekah and Rachel, our response will be, simply, to go and do the thing that the Lord has commanded.
I pray that we will have the strength to decide now to do what we ought to do. I pray that we will decide now to serve the Lord. In the name of Jesus Christ, amen.


The true leader of the Underworld who first appears as an eye in a center pool. His true form is a Cthulhu-like demon with a human skull supported by tentacles, which is shown after taking over Matoombo's body. His other eye is embedded in Koragg's shield, and one of his fangs was used to make Morticon's sword and one of his claws were given to Necrolai. Leanbow sealed him in the Pit, ending the Great War but the master was able to transform his foe into Koragg. His minions' mission was to free their Master. Imperious tried giving the Ranger's Legend Warrior powers to him, but Udonna intervened. Koragg stopped him and became Leanbow. The Master was able to partially emerge onto the surface and Leanbow pulled off the ultimate sacrifice, seemingly destroying himself and the Master. Sculpin discovered that Leanbow was somehow preventing the Master's resurrection. Later, Sculpin extracted the Master's spirit from Koragg, giving it to Gekkor for safe keeping. The Master later pealed away from Matoombo's body. The Master then possessed Nick directly and transformed him into a new Koragg, running havoc in the forrest and Rootcore before he was rescued by Leanbow. While the Rangers were distracted by this, the Master went to the Mystic Realm and supposedly destroyed the Mystic Mother. When Leanbow and Daggeron arrived to fight him, he devoured their Knight powers. Following this, he went to Briarwood and hurled the five Rangers into a vision of the future where he had succeeded in devastating the world. Nick was able to wound him and have the Rangers sent back to the real world, but they lost their powers. However, the Master was undone when it was revealed Itassis and Necrolai had defected from him and resurrected Daggeron and Leanbow, the Mystic Mother was still alive and both the people of Briarwood and the forest had gathered their magic against him. Regaining their magic from people's belief in them, all eight members of the Mystic Force overloading the Master with good magic and caused his ultimate destruction.
Mortion is the dark leader of the undead. He is a creature that is part machine, which is powered by moving gears. He is so powerful that it makes it difficult for him to summon his power to the surface world. He uses a mystical portal that allows him to keep an eye on things and communicate with the master. He was ultimately destroyed by the Power Rangers.
Imperious takes over after Morticon is destroyed. He was once known as Calindor who betrayed the Mystics in the great battle. After a battle with Daggeron, he found himself cursed until Necrolai found him in a cave years later. He dared Koragg to give up his magical powers temporarily to prove his worthiness in battle. He challanged Daggeron to a duel, even though he did cheat by teleporting Jenji in his hand when Daggeron was going to send his final blow, he was still destroyed.
Koragg is the Knight Wolf who fights faithfully for the Master, but doesn't bow to anyone else. Although he is evil, Koragg insists that honor is the only way. He controls the powerful dark horse Catastros which is his faithful servant. Koragg has a mental link with Nick, communicating to the ranger through his mind. Koragg discovers his true identity - Leanbow and shortly after is released from the Master's hold.
Necrolai is the vicious and unrelentingly Queen of the Vampires, who can fly to and from the surface world through the gate. She decives Koragg from time to time when asked to, such as puncturing him with an arrow and attaching one of Sculpin's scales to track his whereabouts. She has a human daughter named Leelee whose father's identity is unknown. Necrolai might get carried away with pleasing the Master, that she ignores her daughter but when Itassis was going to unleash her wrath, Necorali pleaded her to spare Leelee. She has the power to revive individuals such as Itassis. It was her daughter's confidence in her that caused her to revive Daggeron and Leanbow that caused her to become human.
Hidiacs are the zombie foot soldiers that serve the evil forces that threaten the planet. They carry axes into battle and beneath their masks is a rotted skull covered in worms. As undead warriors, they fight mindlessly for the will of their undead generals.
The Styxoids are a higher evolved form of the Hidiacs. As leaders of the Hidiac army, the Styxoids carry spear like weapons into battle.


Are you looking for the perfect Secret Santa gift? This tiny bottle of Coal will make the perfect stocking stuffer, or gag gift for Christmas this year. All of my items are one of a kind, unique pieces of wearable art. No two creations are ever quite the same. You aren't just buying jewelry, but a piece of original art.
Bottle of Coal Necklace is a cute Secret Santa Gift for anyone this holiday season. Have you been naughty this year? If so, this is a great gift for you! You can wear this tiny bottle of coal during the holidays to let everyone know that Santa left you a lump of coal! Great gag gift, or stocking stuffer! This bottle of coal necklace will be the perfect addition to anyone's stocking. Give this Naughty Gift to someone who has been a little naughty this year. This Gag Gift, Bottle of Coal necklace is a funny Secret Santa gift to give a co-worker or a friend. Wear this cute little bottle of coal to a Christmas party to complete your entire Holiday look.
The glass bottle is filled with handmade, clay, coal. Total size is approximately 1 3/4 inch by 1 inch. A snowflake charm decorates the bottle. The coal is handmade from clay and then hand painted.
Arrives in a lovely jewelry bag or box with bubble wrap packaging.
CAUTION: DO NOT EAT. While all of our bottles contain non-toxic products, they do include clay, glitter and other non-toxic ingredients which are not intended to be consumed. Do not eat contents.


The item The same sky : a novel, Amanda Eyre Ward represents a specific, individual, material embodiment of a distinct intellectual or artistic creation found in Centerville-Center Township Public Library.
"Alice Conroe, a forty-year-old Texas barbecue owner has the perfect life, except she and her husband long for a child. Unable to conceive, she's trying desperately to adopt but her destiny is quickly altered by a young woman she's never met. Fearless thirteen-year-old Carla Trujilio is being raised by her grandmother in Honduras along with her four year old twin brothers. Her mother is sending money home from Texas where she's trying to make a better life for her family, but she only has enough to bring one son to her. When Carla's grandmother dies, Carla decides to take her fate into her own hands and embarks on a dangerous journey across the border with Junior, the twin left behind. Two powerful journeys intersecting at a pivotal moment in time: Alice and Carla's lives will be forever and profoundly changed"


text:
package com.bluecirclesoft.open.jigen;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * TODO document me
 */
public class Jee7Options {

	private List<String> packages = new ArrayList<>();

	private boolean defaultStringEnums = false;

	private List<ClassSubstitution> classSubstitutions = new ArrayList<>();

	private boolean includeSubclasses = true;

	public List<String> getPackages() {
		return packages;
	}

	public void setPackages(List<String> packages) {
		this.packages = packages;
	}

	public boolean isDefaultStringEnums() {
		return defaultStringEnums;
	}

	public void setDefaultStringEnums(boolean defaultStringEnums) {
		this.defaultStringEnums = defaultStringEnums;
	}

	public List<ClassSubstitution> getClassSubstitutions() {
		return classSubstitutions;
	}

	public void setClassSubstitutions(List<ClassSubstitution> classSubstitutions) {
		this.classSubstitutions = classSubstitutions;
	}

	public boolean isIncludeSubclasses() {
		return includeSubclasses;
	}

	public void setIncludeSubclasses(boolean includeSubclasses) {
		this.includeSubclasses = includeSubclasses;
	}
}


text:
@interface IJKPlayerMovieDecoder : BasePlayerMovieDecoder

@end


ST. LOUIS - Austin Coleman is a second-grader at Boone Trail Elementary in the Wentzville School District. According to his mother, Austin loves to follow weather patterns and predict when storms will hit. Tornados and tsunamis are his favorites. Austin Coleman is our Weather Kid of the Week! To nominate your child, ages 8-13, click here.


A Timesavers deburring machine helps Vac-Con improve production efficiency.
The PUMA Series deburring and finishing machine from Timesavers expands shop floor possibilities.
This technical document explains how to properly set-up your coolant tank and filter for your Timesavers wet machine.
In March 2014 Northland installed the Timesavers Yield Saver24 planer on its S4S hardwood lumber operation, replacing an older top and bottom insert planer.


To download a copy of the minutes please click on the relevant date.
This group consists of the parish Coordinators of Liturgical ministries: Readers, Musicians, Extraordinary Ministers, Welcomers, Children's Liturgy, altar servers, also sacristans, hospitality ministry etc.
They meet with Fr Michael approximately every 6 weeks to plan together, and review, Sunday liturgies and the major liturgical seasons and celebrations.
The aim is to ensure that all those involved work together with our clergy to ensure that our parish liturgies are celebrated well and prayerfully.


Protect your Leupold riflescope's objective lens from rain and glare. The 3 inch Lens Shades can be threaded together to create custom lengths. Fits all Leupold VX-5HD, VX-6, VX-6HD and Mark 5HD riflescopes with 44mm objective lenses.


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Q: PowerShell Search for specific files - different results each run I need to search for files of a certain type (photos and videos) in a selected folder and subfolders. Then I have to list them along with the path and size. As a good start, I used the solution provided here but when I execute the script by lit (updated version), it returns each file 4 times (each with a different hash) - in fact, there is only one file on the disk. Also, when I do it again, the hash is different for the same file. What am I doing wrong?

A: You can use the -Include parameter to have Get-ChildItem return all files with the given set of extensions. This only works if you also specify the -Recurse switch, OR have the path end in \*.
$rootFolder = 'D:\Test'     # change this to the path of your folder
$extensions = '*.jpg', '*.jpeg', '*.png', '*.bmp', '*.mp4', '*.mkv', '*.mts'  # add more extensions if need be

$result = Get-ChildItem -Path $rootFolder -File -Recurse -Include $extensions | ForEach-Object {
    # output an object with properties you need
    [PsCustomObject]@{
        File = $_.FullName
        Hash = (Get-FileHash -Path $_.FullName -Algorithm MD5).Hash  # choose another algorithm if you don't like MD5
    }
}

# output to console
$result | Format-Table -AutoSize

# output to CSV file
$result | Export-Csv -Path (Join-Path -Path $rootFolder -ChildPath 'hashcodes.csv') -UseCulture -NoTypeInformation

P.S. The GetHashCode() method on an object such as a FileInfo object is not a good way to determine a file hash for files. It is one of the simplest ways to compute a hash code for a numeric value that has the same or a smaller range than the Int32 type is to simply return that value.  Better use the Get-FileHash cmdlet for that

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Initializes a new ColorizeGrayCommandData class object with explicit parameters.
Contains the color used for coloring the range of intensities set in Threshold.
The maximum value of the pixels to be colored using the color parameter. Pixels with a value less than or equal to the value in this parameter will be colored using the Color parameter. If the ColorizeGrayCommandData class object is the last in the GrayColors array, then this value is ignored and the maximum possible value will be used instead.
The maximum value depends on the image bits per pixel. For 8, 12 and 16-bit images the maximum value is 255, 4095 and 65535 respectively. However if you enter a value higher than the maximum, the value will be clipped at the maximum value.


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Bharjari Movie Review - Chitraloka Rating 4/5
hari priya,	dhruva sarja,	bharjari	rachita ram
Bharjari review
The hattrick hit for Dhruva Sarja is here. After Addhuri and Bahaddur, there is no doubt that his new film Bharjari will become a big hit. The film has everything you want to see in an entertainer. Dhruva Sarja is amazing. From the very first scene to the last he keeps the audience spellbound with his dance, fights, dialogues and acting. To give him company are Rachita Ram and Haripriya which is a double bonanza for fans. There is also comedy with actors Sadhu Kokila and Rangayana Raghu providing fun. There is sentiment and dramatic elements in the film too. Family sentiments are plenty. From brother-sister sentiment to father-son sentiments, director Chetan Kumar knows the pulse of the audience and keeps it coming.
Bharjari is one of the best films of the year. The film is about a young man who does not know what his ambition is. From wanting to become a soldier to a doctor to a farmer, he changes his dreams every day. But in the end he does not have a good education even though his father is a lecturer. He falls in love with a girl and tries to woo her. He is successful and even starts a new business. But suddenly he is called to join the Army. He does not want to join but everyone else does. He gets into the train but does he reach his destination. The story takes a different turn from there on. It is a complete surprise package which you should watch in theaters.
The film has excellent camera work by Sreesha Kuduvalli and music by V Harikrishna. Another important contributor is editor Deepu S Kumar. Director Chetan Kumar has managed to extract the best out of all the actors. Dhruva, Haripirya and Rachita Ram have given their best performances. Tara is seen in a very good role. After becoming a politician she is rarely seen in films these days but in this film gets one that remains in the mind. Others who get good roles are Sadhu Kokila, Avinash and Srinivas Murthy. Anil and Uday, who died during the shooting of Mastigudi are seen in important roles.
Chitraloka Rating 4/5

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


A tribute to Effie Ruth Burns by Ruth (Burns) McWherter, daughter of Effie.
A tribute to Effie Ruth Burns By Polly (Burns) William, daughter of Effie .
The vivid memory of Mother' s faith - She had the unwavering faith that gave her strength to face all things uncomplaining - faith that gave her the strong assurance that whatever happened it would be for the ultimate good of those "who love. The Lord." She had faith in prayer. She took her burdens to the Lord and left there. Her heart and soul was always overflowing with praise for God in word and song. Her daily tasks were accompanied with religious hymns. Her babies were rocked to sleep in her arms while singing God's praise. She had faith in God's children -faith in the Bible - it was her daily inspiration and guidance. Faith in God's church - she was ever faithful to the tithe. She had faith that carried her to the end uncomplaining and ever grateful to her Lord and God for the ninety-six years he gave her to enjoy his blessing and her children.
Effie's Daughter Clara Sybil Burns keep a scrap book of news paper articles about the family. This page would not be possible without her concern for family history. I would like to give full credit to my aunt, Aleene (Burns) King, for the foundation work she did on the Burns and Wallace lines. She spent years researching her family, and without Aleene's labor, it would have been hard to start.
Obituary - The Sentinel-Record, Oct. 10, 1966.
Funeral services for Mrs. Effie Burns, 95, a member of an Arkansas pioneer family who died Saturday, will be held at 10 A.M. today in the Gross Mortuary chapel. The Rev. Lehman F. Webb, pastor of the First Baptist Church, will officiate.
Graveside services will be held at 3 P.M. in the Snell Cemetery at Emmett, (Arkansas).
Appeared in The News, May 6, 1976 Poet's Partyline column.
Her light led souls to shore through seas of wrath.
The message of God's love and care she told.
Her children's lives were shaped within this mold.
Each stranger that she met became her friend.
She took the pain to God and left it there.
He asked, "What will come when I'm not at your side?"
She said, with trust, "A way God will provide.
Until I meet my Lord with Christ I'll dwell."
He died. With God she raised her children well.
The following article was written by Mrs. John A. Abernathy a missionary to China, She was a friend of Effie and member of First Baptist Church of Hot Springs Arkansas.
"Take your burdens to the Lord and leave them there," was what Effie Ruth Wallace usually as she sat in front of the fireplace rocking her twins, cradle at her foot and churning butter.
And Mother Burns really had burdens, just how many the rest of Hot Springs, Arkansas, didn't know. The widow of Robert Hiram Burns had much more than her share of trouble which seemed to begin with her birth in Ozan, Arkansas, on July 11, 1871. Bob, a she called him, died of diabetes one year before insulin was discovered. During his lengthy illness she nursed him while trying to raise 12 children in a Christian atmosphere. Her husband's passing left her with three young daughters to support on the meager income from taking in boarders. During these hard times Effie Burns continued to tithe and even though she could have found many other uses for the money. Friends, especially her roomers, criticized for giving that money to the church. "You need that money for the girls," they would tell her. Mother Burns firmly believe the Lord would take care if she would trust and obey him, and she soon proved it to the skeptics. For a whole year she kept a strict account of every penny she gave her church and of every cent beside her regular income she received. At the end of the year she had actually been paid to tithe.
Mother Burns, as she is fondly known to the members of First Baptist Church, has always solved her problems by taking them to the Lord and leading them there. Her whole life is such a contrast to most. She went through trials, hardships, and hard aches with the firm conviction that," all things were together for good to those who love the Lord". Her daughters attribute her long live of 94 years to her ability to avoid unnecessary worry by trusting the Lord to care for her.
Almost women would have tried to excuse themselves from responsibility of service in the church by saying," I have the feature overrun to take care of", or" I don't have a way to get their", she accepted hers. Mother Burns needed both a wagon and surrey to get her children to church, but she made it. She often walked nearly two miles in the rain is no to get to Wednesday night for me. Many modern mothers refuse to discipline their children for fear they will develop a psychosis of some sort.
Mother Burns always listen to the children arguments for doing this or that, decided what was best, and then said, "I've put a foot down". This was the final word on the subject and the Burns children always obeyed. They have all grown-up to be civic leaders and dedicated Christians.
Mother Burns has lived with her daughter Aleene in recent years. But in 1964 when she became 93, it became apparent that she needed day and night nursing care. Her daughter's felt a recently built nursing home in Hot Springs could provide what she needed. Mother Burns was opposed to this at first. She says now, "I realized I was begin selfish". Most parents in this position would tend to fill that they are abandoned, but she was thinking of the burden the movement would lift from her daughter.
And Hughes not abandoned. Were daughters came every day and read the Scriptures to her. They usually brain her some home cooked treat. Mother Burns naturally sleeves the bright side of living in the home. She likes being around so many people. The others also enjoy having her around.
On her 94th in birthday she visited in her daughters home for a few days. At the end of first day, she was anxious to return to the home. "My hospital bed is so comfortable", she remarked. Upon her return she was taken for a ride in a wheelchair and talk to with many of her friends. " The glad to see you back", said one. "Just to see your cheery smile brightness my whole day", another remarked.
Mother Burns is willing to witness for her Lord in any small way she can. She trusts Him completely with her live. As she set in her bid their window overlooking sunflowers she said, "I'll be here for just as long as the Good Lord wants to be here"
1. EFFIE RUTH4 WALLACE (WILSON POLK3, ANDEW JACKSON2, ANDREW1) was born July 11, 1871 in Barker Arkansas, Hempstead Co., and died October 08, 1966 in Hot Springs, Arkansas, Garland County. She married ROBERT HIRAM BURNS May 10, 1888, son of WILLIAM BURNS and ELIZA HACKNEY. He was born September 09, 1861 in Boliver, Tenn., Hardeman, County, and died April 30, 1921 in Hot Springs, Arkansas, Garland County.
i. OZELLA5 BURNS, b. July 16, 1889, Columbus, Ar. Howard Co.; d. July 10, 1929, Hot Springs, Arkansas; m. JOHN C. BILLINGSLEY, October 10, 1906, Emmet Ar.; b. November 17, 1882, Okolona, Ar.; d. May 07, 1975, Gurdon Ar., Clark County.
Marriage: October 10, 1906, Emmet Ar.
ii. JOHN ROBERT BURNS, b. November 17, 1891, Columbus Ar.; d. August 02, 1902, Emmet Ar.
iii. JAMES THOMAS BURNS, b. July 26, 1893, Columbus, Ar.; d. June 19, 1959, El Dorado, Ar. Union Co.; m. BERTIE MCCLANAHAN, 1912, Hope, AR; b. October 01, 1892, Hope, Ar.; d. November 24, 1976, El Dorado, Ar. Union Co.
iv. CHARLES S. BURNS, b. October 04, 1895, Columbus, Arkansas; d. July 16, 1953, Hot Springs, Arkansas; m. (1) MAMIE, 1928; m. (2) SERENA WARD EVANS, October 18, 1941, Fayetteville, Washington County, Arkansas; b. Abt. 1904.
v. LUCILLE STRICKLAND BURNS, b. September 04, 1898, Columbus AR; d. November 04, 1977, Memphis, TN; m. HERVEY B. (RED) BIGBEE, April 11, 1925, New Orleans, LA; b. July 08, 1900, Sheffield, AL; d. September 30, 1962, Germantown, TN.
vi. JOSEPH BURNS, b. March 17, 1901, Emmet Ar.; d. March 22, 1901, Emmet Ar., Snell Cemetery.
vii. ALBERT VERNON BURNS, b. March 22, 1902, Emmet Ar.; d. February 14, 1983, Little Rock Ar., Pulaski County; m. VELMA WARD, July 22, 1932, Little Rock Ar.; b. September 12, 1931, Little Rock Ar., Pulaski Co..
Marriage: July 22, 1932, Little Rock Ar.
viii. MARY FRANCES (POLLY) BURNS, b. August 22, 1904, Emmet Ar.; d. December 08, 1989, Hot Springs, Arkansas; m. JOHN WILLIAM, February 14, 1921, Hot Springs ,Ar. Garland Co.; b. March 08, 1888; d. Hot Springs ,Arkansas.
Marriage: February 14, 1921, Hot Springs, Ar. Garland Co.
ix. CLARA SYBIL BURNS, b. June 20, 1907, Providence, Arkansas; d. November 13, 1982, Hot Springs, Arkansas; m. AUBREY EDWARD REYNOLDS, August 30, 1930, Erie, Pennsylvania; b. May 28, 1905, Hot Springs, Arkansas; d. September 09, 1964, Searcy, Arkansas.
Burial: Hollywood Cemetery, Garland Co.
Individual Note: Lived at Hope, Arkansas as child.
x. CLARENCE BURNS, b. June 20, 1907, Providence, AR; d. October 1908, Emmet, Ar. Snell Cemetery.
xi. RUTH ANN BURNS, b. private, Amity, AR. Clark Co.; m. EARL MCWHERTER, April 07, 1951, Hot Springs, Arkansas; b. October 31, 1911, Arkansas.
xii. ALEENE RACHEL BURNS, b. private, Amity, AR. Clark Co.; m. JACOB LARRY KING, June 13, 1934, Hot Springs, Ar.; b. March 11, 1910 Hot Springs Arkansas, d. June 23, 2001, Hot Springs, Arkansas.
Marriage: June 13, 1934, Hot Springs, Ar.
2005-2017-copyright The information posted on the Reynolds' Archives may be used for non-commercial, historical, and genealogical purposes. It can be freely downloaded by researchers and those interested in our family history. It can not be used otherwise without my written permission. When using this material, make mention of this web site as your reference.


text:
Using Pamphlets for Propaganda
Investigation into the use of pamphlets by the SAC in Myanmar
Since April 2021, Myanmar Witness has documented the dissemination of pro-regime propaganda pamphlets in areas associated with resistance to the military coup in Myanmar, including at sites in Yangon (ရန်ကုန်), Sagaing (စစ်ကိုင်းတိ), Magway (မကွေးမြို့), Chin (ချင်းပြည်နယ်), and Kachin State (ကချင်ပြည်နယ်). These pamphlets sew religious and political divisions, promote anti-Muslim rhetoric, and include graphic imagery and threats to life. The pamphlets contain misleading or unverified information, which is often accompanied with a 'fact-checked' stamp. The alleged distribution of these pamphlets at times occurred at the same time as internet cuts, limiting the ability of the target populations to fact check the information. Common narratives in the leaflets allegations that the NUG and anti-regime groups were vote-stealers, terrorists, committing grave acts of violence against the civilian population and associated with the drugs trade.
This research has identified a number of 'warnings' to the public contained within the pamphlets, including threats of potential attacks or legal action against those helping Pro-Democracy Forces (PDF) or those involved in anti-regime activities, such as the Silent Strike. At the time of reporting, Myanmar Witness is aware of one location where such a warning was reported and where Myanmar Witness was able to verify footage showing damage to the village consistent with allegations of a military attack. These attacks came one month after the pamphlets reportedly appeared in the village. However, Myanmar Witness cannot confirm that this attack was linked to the pamphlets disseminated.
Myanmar Witness has documented and investigated trends in the pamphlets' aesthetic appearance, discourse, imagery and methods of distribution. While Myanmar Witness cannot officially verify the source of these pamphlets, this investigation suggests that many of the pamphlets originated from the same, pro-regime source. This investigation has indicated that there is a desire to control the narrative within Myanmar, as seen through the concurrent shutdown of internet and the dissemination of pamphlets which seek to intimidate, suppress and divide populations.
Introduction and Context
Since April 2021, Myanmar Witness has documented claims of air dropped pamphlets have been reported throughout Myanmar. This reports identified a number of common themes within the pamphlets: the spread of misinformation, the use of intimidation, and attempts to sow division within the population.
At first, the distribution of pamphlets of this kind, and in this manner, might seem obsolete when state-owned media networks, for example the Global New Light of Myanmar (GNLM), are spreading pro-regime rhetoric via more modern forms of media: television, online news media, social media, and newspapers. However, when the context is considered, including the targeted locations and methods of dissemination - airdrops or hand deliveries allegedly by plain-clothed individuals - this phenomena begins to make more sense. This research suggests that the pamphlets may serve as a method to disseminate information to large areas of the population who are routinely disconnected from the internet, as well as to combat the levels of resistance and anti-regime activity in specific areas of the country.
The Myanmar military regime has intermittently shut down internet and mobile data in the country since the February 2021 coup – especially early on in their takeover – as evidenced by Netblocks data from 2021 which shows significant communication restrictions. Throughout March 2021, the internet in Myanmar was cut-off from 0100 to 0630 local time. On 15 March 2021, cellular network connectivity was also shut off from 0000 and remained cut off for at least 100 days, until 11 May 2021, when Netblocks stopped reporting on mobile data connectivity in Myanmar. The distribution of pamphlets during times of internet blackouts could signal a desire to control the media narrative by disseminating information and propaganda to individuals, while disabling their ability to access other news sources, or fact-check information. As such pamphlets could provide an alternative to traditional methods of disseminating information and propaganda.
In some instances, these propaganda leaflets have reportedly targeted north-western regions of Myanmar - regions where there have been notable rebellions against the regime and which are harder to access due to their rural and mountainous geography. For example, the northern Chin State (ချင်းပြည်နယ်) and the northeast Sagaing Region (စစ်ကိုင်းတိုင်းဒေသကြီ) are both areas where long-standing ethnic armed groups have extended training, weapons and operational support to increasing numbers of PDFs. In a report by Myanmar Now internet cuts from September onwards were linked to intensified conflict in the areas of Chin, Magway Region (မကွေးတိုင်းဒေသကြီး) and Sagaing Region (စစ်ကိုင်းတိုင်းဒေသကြီ). In early October, the Security Administration Council (SAC) launched "Operation Anawrahta" (အနော်ရထာ စစ်ဆင်ရေး), a convoy-oriented operation targeting Chin State (ချင်းပြည်နယ်) and, in the Sagaing Region (စစ်ကိုင်းတိုင်းဒေသကြီ), a separate offensive named "Operation Alaungmintayar" (အလောင်းမင်းတရား စစ်ဆင်ရေ). Conflict is reported to have taken place throughout October and into November (Asia Times, 2021) parts of which have also been documented by Myanmar Witness.
Figure 1: Satellite imagery highlighting the geographic areas of Chin State (ချင်းပြည်နယ်), Magway Region (မကွေးတိုင်းဒေသကြီး) and Sagaing Region (စစ်ကိုင်းတိုင်းဒေသကြီ), where instances of these pamphlets began appearing after November 2021.
Locals reported that aircrafts were used to distribute the pamphlets across the northern regions, and they speculated that their use within conflict areas was due to a fear of local PDFs and mine attacks. As well as providing access to hard to reach locations and preventing confrontation on the ground, aircrafts could help to obscure the individuals responsible for the dissemination of this information.
The rhetoric analysed within these pamphlets appears to sew and reinforce inter-group divisions, including religious divides, through the proliferation of false statistics and unevidenced claims about Muslim citizens or local defence groups. Additionally, the type of misinformation or unverified information contained within these pamphlets appears to target those rebelling against military movements in the north. If the SAC really intends to eventually call for democratic elections in the state, these pamphlets could help to denounce the National Unity Government (NUG) and National League for Democracy (NLD), as some of these pamphlets directly reference these political parties and link them to violence and the drug trade. The language and imagery suggests that the PDF are associated with brutal acts against civilians. This sentiment may be being used to discourage locals from supporting the PDF and represent an attempt to increase military support.
Myanmar Witness has also tracked pamphlets containing warnings or thinly-veiled threats which were disseminated to the public, specifically targeting those who might be directly involved in anti-regime activity, or indirectly involved through providing aid and shelter to anti-regime activists. This furthers the idea these pamphlets seek to stoke intergroup tensions, including between friends and family of dissidents in Myanmar. This comes at a time when reports indicate a stark increase in Burmese parents and friends disowning their anti-regime family members. This has included public denunciations through announcements on state-owned media channels (South China Morning Post, 2022). These threats to personal security could disincentivise people from engaging in protest and other anti-regime advocacy in Myanmar.
Since the beginning of 2022, Myanmar Witness has also collected images of signs and leaflets containing overt threats of legal and military repercussions for those who engage in anti-regime activities such as: attending the nationwide Silent Strike; housing PDF members; and, supporting political opposition movements or local defence forces. This pivot indicates a more threatening and less subversive attempt to control the narrative in Myanmar. However, Myanmar Witness has been unable to verify many of the claims involved, including the location of images of pamphlets, the way they were disseminated, or who created and/or disseminated these pamphlets.
Myanmar Witness follows a methodology of digital preservation and rigorous, replicable analysis. Digital evidence is collected and archived in a secure database and preserved with hashing to confirm the authenticity and prevent tampering.
Geolocation is conducted using a varied array of open source online tools such as Google Earth to match satellite imagery with visual features identified in the footage or images. A high burden of proof is required to match imagery and geolocations are required to be cross-checked and peer-reviewed before they are credited as verified and included in Myanmar Witness reporting.
Chronolocation is typically conducted by analysing UGC timestamps to determine hard end limits for the possible time frame. This can then be followed with contextual analysis, for example comparing against known indicators such as events or clocks visible, weather, and shadows. Shadow angle is determined after geolocation and its orientation is used to determine the position of the sun and thus time. This is not always incredibly specific but chronolocation is included as specifically as possible without incorrectly attributing time in order to account for possible issues.
If dealing with unverified information, such as witness testimony or the inclusion of outside reporting, Myanmar Witness has made known that these inclusions are claims and have not been independently verified by Myanmar Witness, but their inclusion may still be relevant to include as context around the investigation. Following ethical standards, Myanmar Witness has obscured identifying information about individuals involved, censored private information and images where appropriate, removed links to private individuals and archived said information securely. Where appropriate, Myanmar Witness has also censored or discluded graphic imagery in our reporting.
This particular report contains very little geolocation and chronolocation of the exact associated media due to the nature of the images. However, through gathering instances of these pamphlets and the areas they were alleged to have been dropped, Myanmar Witness has mapped out the areas claimed to have been affected by these leaflet drops and the times in which they are claimed to have happened, to analyse the possible motives or actors involved in the distribution of these pamphlets.
[Warning: Graphic] has been inserted ahead of links to sources which show graphic and distressing images of injured or dead persons.
The information obtained by Myanmar Witness comes from an area of ongoing conflict so it is assumed that there is a selection bias, due to several factors including fear of repercussions for uploading, unavailability of information from official sources and availability, or lack thereof, the internet - which has also restricted the amount of media available to be verified by Myanmar Witness. Myanmar Witness strives to eliminate as much of this bias as possible by using both focussed and broad search terms in multiple languages across open sources as well as identifying media from multiple sources, such as social media and both pro and anti-regime news media to reduce the effects of this bias and ensure as much information from a range of sources is collected.
While there were plentiful allegations of propaganda drops, the media associated cannot often be chronolocated or geolocated due to the nature of the images, or the possibility that these images represent the same leaflets due to the similar aesthetic/uniform style of recent pamphlets. Images that have been geolocated are of individuals alleged to be involved in their dissemination; however, Myanmar Witness cannot confirm that any of these individuals pictured are verifiably involved in pamphlet dissemination and, where this is the case, Myanmar Witness has highlighted these complications to make the reader aware of the issues surrounding the verification of images related to the distribution of these pamphlets.
The following report may not have captured everything in relation to claims of propaganda leaflets due to the limitations of open source collection and verification. As a result, this report may not be able to capture the full picture.
Pro-SAC Propaganda Pamphlets
Images of pamphlets began to appear on social media around April 2021, following major clashes between the military and anti-regime forces throughout Myanmar. In the first half of 2021, this investigation found that the use of pamphlets was largely focussed in urban areas, including Yangon (ရန်ကုန်), and the northern State of Kachin (ကချင်ပြည်နယ်). From November 2021 to January 2022 there was an increase in social media posts regarding the distribution of pamphlets in Sagaing (စစ်ကိုင်းတိုင်းဒေသကြီ), Magway (မကွေးမြို့) and Chin State (ချင်းပြည်နယ်), many of which claimed that pamphlets had been disseminated by aeroplanes.
Internet Cuts
The pamphlets appear to target areas where the Myanmar military regime had cut internet access. These locations were sites of anti-regime protest or PDF activity. In early March 2021, the internet in Myanmar was cut-off from 0100 to 0630 local time, reported by Netblocks (Figure 2). On 15 March 2021 cellular network connectivity was shut off from 0000 and remained cut off for at least 100 days. On 16 April 2021, the same time that Myanmar Witness identified the first reports of propaganda pamphlets on social media, Netblocks reported the 62nd consecutive night of military-imposed shutdowns of network connectivity (Figure 3). Should the military be responsible for these pamphlets, the use of internet restrictions could provide evidence that the military seeks to control the narrative within Myanmar.
Figure 2: Network connectivity being shut off in Myanmar on the 15th of March.
Figure 3: Cellular connectivity is shut off on 16 April 2021.
Some of the first reports online of the military disseminating misleading and unverified information in pamphlets was identified by Myanmar Witness in April 2021. In mid-April 2021, following the February 2021 Coup, numerous reports on social media began to appear claiming that the military were handing out - and throwing from their cars - pamphlets with pro-regime rhetoric and messages denouncing anti-regime groups. In Yangon (ရန်ကုန်), it was reported that pamphlets were handed out on 15 April 2021, calling the NLD `vote thieves' and supporting the necessity of the military coup to establish stability in the country (Figure 4). On the same day, another pamphlet was reported on social media (Figure 5). While it was also in support of the military, it differed in that it was attributed to the Gen Z protest group. This was denied by the protest group, who pointed out small aesthetic differences between these pamphlets and their own pamphlet style. Additionally, locals reported that these pamphlets were thrown from military vehicles, but this cannot be confirmed by Myanmar Witness.
Figure 4: (above) pamphlets being handed out calling the NLD 'vote thieves'.
Figure 5: (above) pamphlet showing military support claiming to be from the Gen Z protest group, the text reads 'people need to trust our GenZ leadership and not to trust those power-hungry NLD and [Committee Representing Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, CRPH].'
On 15 April 2021, reports on social media began to surface that pamphlets containing pro-regime propaganda were being disseminated in Naypyidaw (နေပြည်တော်). References to the recent Hlaing Tharyar (လှိုင်သာယာ) protest crackdowns are seen in the content of the pamphlets - specifically the fires which the pamphlet claimed were set alight by protestors. On 15 April 2021, an image was taken on Taungyo Road, near Myoma Market in Naypyidaw (နေပြည်တော်) [19.748936, 96.089975] (Figure 7). The image claims to show a police officer disseminating pamphlets that state that the NLD and CRPH are destroying the country with the help of foreign countries. Even though the image is not high resolution, the individual seems to be wearing a similar uniform as that of an officer - same style of hat, shoulder material, colour of shirt, dark trousers and what could possibly be a mask (Figure 8). However, it cannot be verified that the individual pictured here was handing out these pamphlets to cars.
Figure 6: The 2 Pamphlets above claim the NLD and CRPH are destroying the country.
Figure 7 (above): Image of what appears to be a uniformed individual next to a car on Taungyo Road. Figure 8 (right): image of an officer's uniform from a Reuters' report for reference.
Just a day later on the 16 April 2021, in Pyay Township (ပြည်မြို့), Bago region (ပဲခူးတိုင်းဒေသကြီ), it is claimed that the military were stopping cars in order to pass on similar propaganda pamphlets (Figure 9). Verification of the image attached to this claim indicates that the location is Pyay Township (ပြည်မြို့). While Myanmar Witness can confirm a time this event would have taken place in Pyay Township (ပြည်မြို့) due to shadow indication, around 0920, the date itself cannot be confirmed. Additionally, the leaflets that claim to have been disseminated by officers are a visual match for those seen in Figure 6.
Figure 9: Military pictured with what looks to be paper in their hands beside oncoming vehicles in Pyay Township. The background has been blurred by Myanmar Witness to protect the privacy of the original uploader.
Other incidents on 20 April 2021 suggest that pamphlets were being handed out in Pathein (ပုသိမ်ခရိုင်), Ayeyarwaddy Region (ဧရာဝတီတိုင်းဒေသကြီး), by military members with a similar pro-regime rhetoric, however these had a different aesthetic appearance (Figure 10).
Figure 10: The 2 pamphlets (above) were claimed to have been handed out by the military on 20 April 2021.
In June, reports suggest that the military was still disseminating pamphlets containing pro-regime propaganda. However, the pamphlets appear to combine more graphic imagery with claims against pro-democracy or anti-military groups (Figure 11). The reports online indicate that these pamphlets were handed out at around 0800 on 25 June 2021 at Mulashidi checkpoint - located near the Mulashidi Bridge - in Puta-O (ပူတာအိုမြို့) Township, Kachin State (ကချင်ပြည်နယ်). The pamphlet in question contained emotive language and claims that CRPH, NUG, PDF and NLD are extremists carrying out terrorist attacks in order to undermine the state administration. The same post also details that members of the military council apparently raided Myitkyinaမြ (စ်ကြီးနားမြို့), Kachin State (ကချင်ပြည်နယ်) in March 2021 and that these pro-regime pamphlets were handed out around that area.
Figure 11: Graphic imagery paired with claims against the NLD, NUG, PDFs and CRPH.
Through analysing these examples of propaganda pamphlets which had been disseminated to the population, Myanmar Witness has identified a pattern. Pro-regime pamphlets were sometimes distributed in areas where there is more resistance to military rule and where the internet had been cut by the regime. Earlier in the year, areas like Yangon (ရန်ကုန်) which had experienced aggressive protest crackdowns in March, were targeted. Internet shutdowns occurred nationwide at this time.
NOVEMBER 2021 - JANUARY 2022
In mid-to-late November 2021 there were reports on social media that the Myanmar military regime were distributing propaganda pamphlets using aircrafts in the Sagaing Region (စစ်ကိုင်းတိုင်းဒေသကြီ). This included the east villages in Kani Township (ကနီမြို့) (Figure 12) and Yinmarbin Township (ယင်းမာပင်ခရိုင်) (Figure 13).
Figure 12 (left) & Figure 13 (below right): Examples of pamphlets that begin appearing and being more heavily reported on by local news media in November.
An analysis of these pamphlets reveals the narrative that Ethnic Armed Organisations (EAOs) and the National Unity Government (NUG) are supposedly funded by illegal drug trafficking. Pamphlets which were translated by Myanmar Witness contained a message prominently at the top of the leaflet, which reads "some of the EAO and NUG's efforts to increase drug use among young people are the biggest threats to the country's future". The same leaflet goes on to state that "80% of those arrested for terrorists acts were found to be under the influence of drugs" (Figure 14 and 15).
Figure 14 (left) & Figure 15 (below): Pamphlets link EAO and the NUG to illicit drugs trade in Myanmar, posted on the 18th of November.
At the start of December, The Irrawaddy claimed that propaganda pamphlets were airdropped in Mingin (မင်းကင်းမြို့), a town in the north-west Sagaing Region (စစ်ကိုင်းတိုင်းဒေသကြီ) of Myanmar. These pamphlets claim that the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), has been providing money and ammunition to support the killing of monks and insulting Buddhism.
A video posted on Youtube on 10 December 2021 claims to have captured footage from the 9 December 2021 demonstrating a military helicopter caught in Gangaw Township (ဂန့်ဂေါ ခရိုင်), Magway Region (မကွေးမြို့) – supposedly just after the dropping of pamphlets in this area. According to local sources, the military council troops flew this helicopter in the so-called 'Yaw Region' - an area with armed tension between local PDF members and the military. The helicopter is claimed to have dropped said pamphlets in Mauk Lin (မောက်လင်း) village at around 1400. There is no mention in this video of what these pamphlets contained, but social media reports from this day and the days following indicate a likelihood that these pamphlets are similar to those dropped in November. For example, on 15 December 2021, a Facebook page posted images of pamphlets resembling the ones posted in November. The facebook page does not clarify where these pamphlets were dropped; however the translation of the page name relates the page to Kani Township (ကနီမြို့), and the news coverage the page posts about centres in and around the Sagaing Region (စစ်ကိုင်းတိုင်းဒေသကြီ). Similarly, social media posts made on this day, such as one by Chindwin News Agency, claims that pamphlets were dropped in the Sagaing Region (စစ်ကိုင်းတိုင်းဒေသကြီ). These pamphlets are aesthetically similar to those seen on the ground in the post from the Facebook page: they both contain a rip at the edge of the pamphlet, on a slight curve putting into the first paragraph of a green panel with graphic imagery at the bottom (Figure 16). Thus, it could be possible that the pamphlets referenced by Chindwin News Agency are the same as those reported by the facebook page related to Kani Township (ကနီမြို့), and these pamphlets were dropped in Kani Township (ကနီမြို့).
Figure 16: Facebook page posts a picture of a pamphlet lying in the foliage with a tear.
Figure 17: A picture claimed to be an aircraft retreating after dropping pamphlets. Figure 18: An individual holds two pamphlets in hand.
Figure 19: White specks photographed in the air and claimed to be pamphlets being dropped by aircraft.
Claims on social media and by local news media suggest that these flyers were distributed throughout seven townships in the Sagaing Region (စစ်ကိုင်းတိုင်းဒေသကြီ), including Debayin (ဒီပဲယင်း), at around 1300 on 15 December 2021. This local news media agency claims that a lack of access to the internet prevented access to information regarding the claims within the pamphlets. Additionally, it references the misrepresentations of the PDFs - who are extremely active in these areas.
On 20 December 2021, Twitter users claimed that airdrops of pamphlets were happening from Taze to Kyun Hla (ကျွန်းလှ) Township, Kanbalu (ကန့်ဘလူ) district, in the Sagaing Region (စစ်ကိုင်းတိုင်းဒေသကြီ). Just a day later, on 21 December 2021, there were additional reports that aircrafts were again being used to drop off pamphlets in the southern villages of Myaing (မြိုင်မြို့), Magway. These claims cannot be verified due to the nature of the images of the pamphlets, but it is discernible that these pamphlets are all very similar aesthetically. Additionally, on 27 December 2021, Khit Thit Media posted images of the pamphlets and claimed they were being distributed by air in Kani Township (ကနီမြို့), Yinmarbin Township (ယင်းမာပင်ခရိုင်), Mingin Township (မင်းကင်းမြို့) and Kale Township (ကလေးမြို့) in Sagaing Region (စစ်ကိုင်းတိုင်းဒေသကြီ). The multiple reports, by various actors, seems to indicate the possibility that these pamphlets were coming from one unified source.
Additional reports of similar airdropped propaganda surfaced at around 1030 on 9 January 2022 in Kamma Township (ကမ္မမြို့), Magway Region (မကွေးတိုင်းဒေသကြီး) (Figure 20). Locals were reported mocking these attempts by the military to sway the public with misleading narratives – for example, by asking whether aeroplane fuel is cheap. These flyers appear to be the same, if not very similar, to those from 2021. They employ the same rhetoric, suggesting that the PDFs and Kachin Independence Army (KIA) are terrorist groups causing issues in Myanmar. Additionally they threaten the destruction of cities and villages if the population continues to resist the SAC and, by extension, the military presence in these areas.
Figure 20: Pamphlets recorded in Kamma Township (ကမ္မမြို့) with the same images of Buddhist monks protesting OIC but on different panels.
On 10 January 2022, pamphlets were reportedly hand-distributed, however they were not in the same uniform aesthetic appearance as earlier pamphlets. In Hakha Hospital branch, the military were reported to be hand-distributing papers containing writing about elections which would be held in the next two years, echoing Min Aung Hlaing's declaration six months into the military coup (Figure 21). Similarly to previous flyers, they reiterate claims that the KIA and Chin National Front (CNF) are killing citizens, and that the PDF and NLD are the root cause of issues in Myanmar. According to one Facebook page, these pamphlets are actually written in the Ha Chin language, and Hakha people can barely understand them due to this not being the predominantly spoken language of the area.
Figure 21: 3x aesthetically similar pamphlets in the Ha Chin language. They claim the CNF are responsible for the killing of citizens and include some graphic imagery.
Sowing Religious and Political Division
Language and Contents
Throughout this investigation, Myanmar Witness has analysed the language and messages embedded within the pamphlets. These fall mostly within the realm of misinformation or unverified information, and target the many different opposition groups in Myanmar - political groups, defence groups, and ethnic organisations.
Some of the pamphlets reported in November centred around the narrative that the EAOs and the NUG are funded by illegal drug trafficking. While this would not be the first time that EAOs have been linked to the illicit drug trade, implicating the NUG could serve to delegitimise their opposition to the military government.
In 2019, NPR reported that Jeremy Douglas - regional director for the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) in Bangkok - believes the illicit drug trade in Myanmar is much bigger now than it was decades ago, when the area was better known for its opium and heroin production. In the post-coup context, making unevidenced claims linking the NUG to drug trafficking could represent an attempt to delegitimise opposition to the regime, discredit the pro-democracy party in the next set of elections (should they go ahead) and hold them responsible for the country's lucrative narcotics industry.
Myanmar Witness translated a message at the top of one of the reported leaflets, it reads: "some of the EAO and NUG's efforts to increase drug use among young people are the biggest threats to the country's future". The same leaflet continues to state that: "80% of those arrested for terrorists acts were found to be under the influence of drugs" (Figure 22 and 23). However, the Myanmar military government did not publish statistics on the consumption of drugs that can be used to support this claim. This pattern is also reflected by state-affiliated media, such as the GNLM, which often links protesters with drug use. This further supports the notion that these pamphlets were created and disseminated by state-affiliated organisations. As well as implicating EAOs and the NUG with the illicit drug market, these allegations appear to hold them responsible for acts of terror, and the 'poisoning' of 'the minds' of the youth.
Figure 22 & Figure 23: Pamphlets link EAO and the NUG to illicit drugs trade in Myanmar, posted on the 18th of November.
On 15 December 2021, The Chindwin News Agency detailed the contents of the pamphlets which had been reportedly distributed via airdrops. In these pamphlets, the CRPH, NUG and PDF are labelled as 'terrorists', and blamed for inciting violence. PDF members are reported to be the cause of the chaos and violence in the country - a result of their anti-regime rhetoric and actions. These accusations are occasionally accompanied by violent imagery that can be seen on these pamphlets: people injured and dead; people being arrested; and, phrases such as 'အကြမ်းဖက်သောင်းကျန်းသူအဖွဲ့ ကချင်ပြည်နယ်မှ', which translates as 'terrorist insurgent group from Kachin State'.
These pamphlets also used shocking or graphic imagery alongside these messages. The pairing of these images with potentially biased information about pro-democracy or anti-regime groups, may serve multiple purposes, including delegitimising these groups, providing a warning to those who support them, or eliciting emotions - disgust, for example. For example, pamphlets reported by locals in the Democratic Voice of Burma on 15 December 2021, blame the PDF and other "insurgency" movements for villages being set on fire and schools being bombed. Brutal images are paired with the captions blaming PDFs. As pamphlets such as this one have been distributed during internet shutdowns which prevent the public from fact-checking information, this could lead the public to believe that violence is being committed by anti-regime groups. According to locals in this report, the reverse is true.
Additionally, these pamphlets are reported to contain thinly veiled threats towards those who might be involved with anti-regime groups. They threaten the public with the military's notorious "four cuts'' strategy - the targeting of "every person and village" that the military deems to be connected to insurgent groups - in a bid to suppress resistance (Sydney Morning Herald, 2021). These act as warnings to villages, indicating that they will be destroyed should connections with anti-regime groups be identified.
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Home » » THE CONTAMINATION OF SACHET AND BOTTLED WATER WITH PROTOZOAN PARASITES IN ONITSHA SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF ANAMBRA STATE
THE CONTAMINATION OF SACHET AND BOTTLED WATER WITH PROTOZOAN PARASITES IN ONITSHA SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF ANAMBRA STATE
The study investigated the presence of water-borne protozoan parasites in various packaged water samples in Onitsha South L.G.A., Anambra State between March and July 2009. G. lamblia and E. histolytica were identified using the wet mount technique and modified zeihl-neelson staining technique was used to identify C. parvum. A total of 324 samples were examined, 100 bottled water and 224 sachet water from 11 different brands. The frequency and percentage of sachet water found contaminated were 17 (7.59%) while bottled water were 5 (5%). G. lamblia was the commonest parasitic protozoa isolated 11 (3.4%) while C. parvum was the least, 4 (1.23%). The factors influencing the contamination rate of the packaged water were determined but none of these factors were statistically significant using chi-square analysis (P < 0.05). The presence of these protozoan parasites in packaged water depends on improper processing and purification procedures, unhygienic handling after production, small size of the pathogens which enable them escape filtration, their resistance to physical water treatment agents and disinfectants, poor storage facilities as well as proximity of the water point to contamination sources.
Generally, humans drink water that contains pathogens or contain unacceptable levels of dissolved contaminants. Such waters are not potable water and drinking or using them in cooking leads to wide spread of acute and chronic illness. However, they are key determinants of many microbial diseases with serious complications in immuno-competent and immuno-compromised individuals (Steiner et al., 1997).
Water must have some sufficient quality to serve as drinking water. A potable water supply is one which is drinkable. Potable water also is treated water that meets that quality standard for human consumption and other uses (Agha, 2008). It may be packaged or unpackaged as the case may be. Most table water today includes treated water that is packaged in plastic bottles or sachets, popularly known as "pure water".
The introduction of sachet and bottled water in Nigeria was to provide safe, hygienic and affordable instant drinking water to the public and curb the magnitude of water related infection in the country. Although this is a laudable idea, current trends seem to suggest that sachet drinking water could be a route of the transmission of enteric pathogen (Kwakye Nuako, 2007). This does not necessarily mean that bottled water is 100% free from any pathogen. Recent investigation conducted on the safety of drinking water in Lagos, Nigeria has shown that sachet water especially from hawkers is not of good microbiological quality (Dada, 2009). This observation was based on studies carried out on water samples to ascertain the bacteriological quality of the water in sachets, to identify contributory factors that determine the fate of packaged water product as it moves from catchments to consumer and to highly unharnessed opportunities for policy improvements that would allow for sustained and improved regulation of the sachet water industry. Also, investigation conducted on the safety of drinking water in Ghana has shown that bottled water on the Ghanaian market is of good microbiological quality while the quality of some factory bagged sachet and hand-tied polythene-bagged drinking water was noted to be doubtful (Obiri-Danso, 2003).
Lack of information on pathogenic organisms associated with drinking water in our community creates some uncertainties in our understanding of overall quality of drinking water (Kwakye Nuako, 2007). According to Coker, 2004 he observed that in Lagos State many people depend on water vendors to whom they pay heavily for provision of water to meet daily domestic needs. People tend to consume sachet and bottled drinking water because of its instant availability to quench appetite. However, the high dependence of people on sachet water due to its low price and instant availability to quench appetite and its low cost of production on the side of the manufacturers brought about increase of different brands of sachet water produced and marketed in Nigeria.
It is necessary to note that Nigeria as a country is challenged not only on food stuff. However, the country is also facing drinking water scarcity, a situation that has been identified for years. It is also important to note that due to scarcity of water in most places, drinking water is got from doubtful source which is major potential sources of water-borne diseases. This is a great concern to many sectors in this present administration as they try to implement strategies to meet the health millennium development goals (MDGS) in 2015", a former minister of health said (Agha, 2008).
Protozoan organisms are ubiquitous and could be found in various systems including water bodies common examples are Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica, Microsporidia spp and Cyclospora cayelenensis (Steiner et al, 1997, Maza et al 1997, Koneman et al, 1992). The presence of these organisms in sources of drinking water is partly due to four reasons. Firstly, these organisms are indigenous pathogens found in most domestic animals; secondly the degree of environmental contamination with their infective stages; thirdly, their resistance to water purification process and finally unhygienic handling of drinking water (Meisel et al., 1776; Le Chevallier et al., 1991).
In developing countries, water–borne gastrointestinal parasitic pathogens such as Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia lambia and Entamoeba histolytica are frequently associated with mobidity, particularly in children (Bilal, 2003). These parasites are most common cause of infection world wide (Pickering et al., 1984; Curry and Smith 1998; Tanyuksel et al., 2001). In developed nations, outbreaks of E. histolytica infections have been caused by sewage contaminated water supplies (Barwick et al., 1999). In Nigeria, an overall prevalence of intestinal parasite (16%) was reported (Alakpa et al, 2002). However, the most frequent intestinal parasite was Cryptosporidium parvum and the least was Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica. In the study to investigate the episode of giardiasis among the inhabitant of Abagana, Nigeria, its detection in the natural water bodies and its relationship with environmental factor, the overall prevalence of giadiasis among the inhabitants was 18.5% (Obiukwu et al, 2008). A four year study on the prevalence of blood and gastrointestinal parasites of man on (18) L.G.A of Edo State, Nigeria revealed 4% and 3% for E. histolytica and Giardia lamblia respectively (Mordi et al, 2007). Mbanugo et al (2005) in a study conducted to determine the prevalence of Cryptosporidium parvum infections among children aged 0 – 15 years in Awka, metropolis, Anambra State, Nigeria detected 14% of the children examined positive.
The Federal Ministry of Health in 2007 approved the Nigerian standard for drinking water quality (NSDWQ) – NIS 554, 2007 in an attempt to ensure that water meant for drinking meet the minimum quality standard as recommended. The purposes are to safeguard the public from the hazards of water pollution and contamination (Agha, 2008).
The National Agency for Food and Drug Administration Control (NAFDAC) is mandated to enforce compliance with internationally defined drinking water guidelines, but regulation of the packaged water industry aimed at a good assurance has remained a challenge to the agency (C.A.M.O.N, 2007). NAFDAC regulations require full labeling to be informative and accurate (USDA, 2005). The minimum labeling requirements for regulated items involve a declaration of the products brand name that must appear in bold letters, a complete "location" address of the manufacturer and best use before expiring date, metric volume and most importantly NAFDAC registration number (Dada, 2009).
In order to clarify the quality of packaged drinking water, there is an urgent need for determination of parasites associated with drinking water in these sachet and bottled water.
The major objective is to ascertain the parasitological quality of sachet and bottled water and to compare them.
These are the specific objectives:
-- To investigate the presence of water-borne protozoan parasites in different brands of sachet and bottled water in Onitsha South L.G.A,
Anambra State Nigeria .such as Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica.
-- To determine the factors influencing the contamination rate of drinking water such as points of purchase, toilet–facilities of the water packaging factory, source of raw water and its proximity to the contamination source, location of the factory producing the packaged water and sanitary habits of workers in packaged water producing factories.
-- To make appropriate recommendation aimed at regulating packaged water companies.
For more Parasitology & Entomology Projects Click here


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>Football
>Jack Kemp
Jack Kemp Autographs, Memorabilia & Collectibles
JACK KEMP
Born: July 13, 1935 in Los Angeles, California
Died: May 2, 2009 in Bethesda, Maryland
Biography | show moreshow less
Jack French Kemp (1935-2009) was an American Republican politician, collegiate and professional football player. He served as Housing Secretary in the administration of President George H. W. Bush from 1989 to 1993, having previously served nine terms as a congressman for Western New York's 31st congressional district from 1971 to 1989. He was the Republican Party's nominee for Vice President in the 1996 election, where he was running mate of presidential nominee Bob Dole; Kemp had previously contended for the presidential nomination in the 1988 Republican primaries. Jack Kemp was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2009 by President Barack Obama.
2005-The-Big-Story (in person), 1996-1996-Vice-Presidential-Debate (in person), 1967-1966-AFL-Championship-Game (in person), 1964-1964-AFL-Championship-Game (in person), 1961-1961-AFL-Championship-Game (in person), 1995-The-Speeches-of-Nelson-Mandela (Other), 2009-Ronald-Reagan:-Rendezvous-with-Destiny (in person), 2004-2006-Hannity-&-Colmes (in person), 2001-ESPN-SportsCentury (in person), 1997-Chicago-Hope (in person), 1965-1965-AFL-Championship-Game (in person), 1961-1960-AFL-Championship-Game (in person), 1994-2006-Charlie-Rose (in person), 2005-Fox-NFL-Sunday (in person), 1974-O.J.-Simpson:-Juice-on-the-Loose (in person), 1968-AFL-NFL-World-Championship-Game (in person), 2006-Dear-Mister-President (in person), 2006-Meet-the-Press (in person), 1995-Rebels-with-a-Cause:-The-Story-of-the-American-Football-League (in person), 1961-ABC's-Wide-World-of-Sports (in person)
JACK KEMP - AUTOGRAPH - HFSID 208463
JACK KEMP The U.S. Congressman for Western New York pens his autograph on this 4¾x3 piece of paper, in black ink Signature: "Jack Kemp" in black ink. 4¾x3. Jack French Kemp (1935-2009) was an American Republican politician, collegiate and professional football player.
JACK KEMP - AUTOGRAPH LETTER SIGNED - HFSID 265980
The New York Congressman writes this letter to New York Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan on his personalized Congressional letterhead, saying that he regretted "friction" with him. It was obtained directly from Moynihan's estate!
New York Congressman writes this letter to New York Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan on his personalized Congressional stationery to thank him for a "plug". Obtained directly from Moynihan's estate!
New York Congressman writes this letter to New York Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan on his personalized Congressional stationery, thanking him for "your very thoughtful book & inscription". Obtained directly from Moynihan's estate!
The New York Congressman pens this letter to New York Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan on his personalized Congressional stationery to let Moynihan know that "the grant is in the mail!" Obtained directly from Moynihan's estate!
New York Congressman pens this letter to New York Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan on his personalized Congressional letterhead, thanking him for "your sound & thoughtful counsel" and saying that he thought Moynihan "might like to see my 'irreverant' [sic] approach" at hearings in New York City. Obtained directly from Moynihan's estate!
JACK KEMP - AUTOGRAPH LETTER SIGNED CIRCA 1980 - HFSID 265982
The New York Congressman writes this letter to New York Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan on his personalized Congressional letterhead to thank him for remarks that he had made about him in a newspaper. Obtained directly from Moynihan's estate!
JACK KEMP - AUTOGRAPH NOTE SIGNED - HFSID 265988
The New York Congressman pens this note on a personalized Congressional card to congratulate New York Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan for his performance on a TV show and an "impromptu 'press conference' with Newt on GATT". Obtained directly from Moynihan's estate!
JACK KEMP - AUTOGRAPHED INSCRIBED PHOTOGRAPH - HFSID 131889
JACK KEMP The Congressman from New York is shown wearing a suit and tie in this black and white photograph, signed in black ink Inscribed Photograph Signed: "Doug/Best wishes/from/Jack Kemp" in black ink. B/w. 8x10.
JACK KEMP - AUTOGRAPHED SIGNED PHOTOGRAPH - HFSID 34560
JACK KEMP The New York Congressman is shown wearing a suit and tie in this black and white photograph, signed in black ink Photograph Signed: "Jack Kemp" in black ink. B/w. 7¾x10¼.
JACK KEMP The U.S. Congressman from New York and professional football player is shown during a game wearing his Buffalo Bills uniform, in this color photograph, signed in black felt tip Photograph Signed: "Jack Kemp" in black felt tip. 8x10. Color.
JACK KEMP The New York Congressman is shown wearing a suit-and-tie and talking on the phone in this color photograph, signed in silver ink Photograph Signed: "Jack Kemp" in silver ink. Color. 8x10.
JACK KEMP - INSCRIBED PRINTED PHOTOGRAPH SIGNED IN INK TWICE - HFSID 253437
JACK KEMP Color photo of New York Congressman Jack Kemp in front of an American flag and in a suit-and-tie, signed twice by him Inscribed Printed Photograph Signed in Ink Twice:
JACK KEMP - TYPED LETTER SIGNED 08/02/1972 - HFSID 189681
The New York Congressman signs this typed letter addressed to W. Ernst Minor, former Vice President Spiro T. Agnew's assistant, to congratulate him on a new position in the Environmental Protection Agency, in black felt tip


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EU agrees to boost Libya naval mission: official
A fighter from forces aligned with Libya's new unity government stands at the side of a road during a clearing operation of Zaafran area in Sirte, June 11, 2016. (Reuters)
AFP, Luxembourg Monday 20 June 2016
EU foreign ministers on Monday agreed to boost the bloc's anti-people smuggling operation in the Mediterranean to include training of the Libyan coastguard and enforcing a UN arms embargo.
Ministers also agreed to extend Operation Sophia's mandate by one year to July 2017, a statement said, as the European Union tries to control a flood of migrants from North Africa and beyond trying to get to Europe.
"The Council (of member states) extended until 27 July 2017 the mandate for EU NAVFOR MED Operation Sophia, the EU naval operation to disrupt the business model of human smugglers and traffickers in the southern central Mediterranean," a statement said after the ministers met in Luxembourg.
"The Council also reinforced the operation's mandate by adding two supporting tasks -- training of the Libyan coastguard and navy, and contributing to the implementation of the UN arms embargo on the high seas off the coast of Libya," it said.
The EU launched Operation Sophia last year after hundreds of migrants died when their rickety boats sank off southern Italy, sparking popular outrage at their plight.
It currently comprises five vessels and three helicopters charged with intercepting smugglers' boats and destroying them, in international waters.
Officials said they will review what additional assets the mission will need in July so Sophia will be able to meet its new tasks.
ISIS tries to break siege in Libya's Sirte
Libya unity forces bombard ISIS in bastion Sirte
Twelve freed Qaddafi-era officials murdered
UN to authorize EU to enforce Libya arms embargo
Saudi deputy crown prince arrives in US
Libya car bombing kills 10 anti-ISIS fighters
One child killed, three wounded by air strikes in eastern Libya