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« De Mythen Waarnaar Wij Leven
Remembering Roy Campbell:
October 2, 1901–April 22, 1957 »
As Imperialism Reigns in Spain, Democracy gets Catalonelier
Tom Zaja
The decades-running cold war in the Spanish state may be reaching its zenith, as the autonomous region of Catalonia executes an unsanctioned referendum on independence. Europe has not seen anything like the extreme measures of repression currently strangling all segments of the region's technological infrastructure, but momentum and milieu look to be in Catalonia's corner as the long-game plays out.
In the words of Julian Assange, the West's most significant conflict between people and state since the fall of the Berlin wall is unfolding before our eyes, only the tactics are very 2017: VPNs, proxies, mirrors, and encrypted chat are part of the necessary logistics as Spanish military police besiege telecoms, hundreds of websites are censored, protocols and apps are disabled along with Catalan government software needed for officiating. Though no major violence is expected, the physical presence of 6,000 extra federal police is heightening the intimidation, having seized up to twelve million paper ballots and arresting hundreds of mayors. In response, Catalans are sleeping at 2,000 polling places in order to ensure their continued custody.
The case for independence is certainly a solid one that goes far beyond the issue of taxation deficit. The Spanish constitution already confers nationality status onto Catalonia in respect of its own language, culture, and erstwhile independence as part of the Kingdom of Aragon before its conquest by Spain in 1714. It is thought that the ethnonym for the Catalan nation could be a portmanteau of Gothia and Alania (an Aryan nation), both active in the region along with Gauls and Moors. As a result of political union in the 18th century, Castilian (Spanish) naturally became the lingua franca among the Catalan, but by the 20th it became the lingua Franco — a jealous tongue made hegemonic by the fascist dictator who proscribed all rival languages.
Interestingly, the vestige of this political dynamic means that Left-Right politics is aligned in a somewhat counter-intuitive way with respect to competing nationalisms. Catalan independence has been consistently spear-headed by Left-leaning parties and activist groups, including the now dissolved terrorist group Terra Llieura. It may just be political opportunism, but the Left somehow never resonated with 'Better Together' style reconciliation — or a sense of enriching the tapestry of Spain through diversity. Instead, it is framing independence in terms of minority victimhood and the pursuit of anti-imperialist closure. One interesting feature of Catalan politics is that anti-Semitism is more likely to come from the Left — and it is not the meager BDS variety in question but accusations of things like inherent disloyalty.
Naturally, the ruling conservative party in Spain has been the rigidly opposed, and, in all objectivity, responsible for much of the escalation and uncooperative demeanor with Catalonia. Far-right supporters are the most visible defenders of Franco's legacy of a monolithic Spain and are in fact able to rally without the same stigma that the Roman salute attracts elsewhere. Though there may not have been a way to reverse Catalonia's trajectory towards independence, the conduct of Spain's authoritarian government in the lead up to October 1 has assured an irreconcilable loss of trust. In such a polarizing climate, it is likely safer to partake in the running of the bulls in Pamplona than to walk the streets of Madrid draped in an Estalada.
Over the last week the systematic crackdown of the government would have made Franco proud, but two groups that have markedly swayed are Catalan moderates and the international community. In 2011, Sudan was civil enough to allow its (admittedly poor, sub-Saharan) region to vote on secession, while Iraq recently demonstrated it is one step more tolerant than Spain by allowing a peaceful referendum among Kurds — albeit cleverly being able to pay it no attention. Spain is looking so bad that increasingly commentators are calling it Europe's 'banana monarchy.'
The international reaction thus far has been rather incoherent. The perceptible absence of leaders pledging cliched support for the 'territorial integrity' of Spain has been somewhat of a surprise, while the European Union has been largely silent on what is an obvious harbinger of things to come. On the one hand, it is loath to be on the 'wrong side of history' by failing to back the progressive Left, but on the other it is embarrassingly aware of the optics of fraternal nationalities being unable to coexist in the same state. This raises the question of how on earth the 'new Europeans' will harmonize when their populations reach critical mass.
From North America, a group of seventy intellectuals headlined by Noam Chomsky have signed an open letter condemning Spain and siding with Catalan self-determination, though one wonders why the case of Crimea was approached so differently by the herd of independent thinkers. But the unrivaled champion of the Catalan cause and most effective activist has been Julian Assange, who appears to be doing a lot more than providing moral support from Ecuador's embassy on the Greenwich Meridian. Assange self-identifies as a libertarian although in recent times has been dovetailing into non-mainstream material, including American Renaissance and The Unz Review (with the appropriate caveats). One particularly incisive swipe was aimed at the US Alt Right for a piece written disparaging Catalan independence.
The gist of the article is the utterly inane assertion that Western independence movements are analogous to cowardly white flight. Does Catalonia propose moving to the suburbs for better schools? The substance of the objection is that because the Catalan independence movement is not sufficiently race conscious (and Spain is?), and without the fashy pedigree of Spanish nationalism, the bridges should be burned. Keep in mind that the forced marriage keeping Spain together is one in which the state flag is disputed, and the anthem has no words in order to appease all parties. The economic and demographic terrain of the country is akin to a quagmire, and unemployment is the Eurozone's second worst (behind Greece).
Also pouring cold water over Catalan independence aspirations has been Richard Spencer — consistent with his anti-Brexit position and essentially in league with the worst enemies of British nationalism who resorted to every smear and sob story to sustain the EU's fanatical pivot to yet more centralization. If the president of the National Policy Institute has an Achilles heel, it is in the area of national policy. Far too often Mr. Spencer appears to be concerned less with pragmatic politics and more with the aesthetics of pan-Europeanism, to the point of desiring the preservation of such structures, presumably for the time when he will seize the reins of power and crown himself emperor.
Unfortunately for Europe, geopolitical disadvantages mean the time for drastic change is rapidly expiring, and though Catalonia cannot be that change, it can be a watershed. Postcard patriotism and number-plate nationalism may be a pitiable vehicle to carpool in for now, but any change is good change. What the European map resembles after the 'slippery slope' of possible balkanization is of little concern at this point. History and the present readily demonstrate that small states are some of the most stable, independent, and resilient. It is Switzerland that is among the toughest on immigration, Iceland that arrests its bankers and provides refuge for journalists like Assange. The UK, France and Germany are at the opposite end of the pozometry scale.
Perhaps the greatest advantage to splitting up countries (and power) is that the governments of resulting statelets are disproportionately smaller as well and have ruling classes less remote and more representative of their constituency. As far as democracy is concerned, the sum of the parts is actually worth more than a unified whole of a larger country. An independent Catalonia, unlike Spain, does not have the baggage of an exotic colonial and imperial past, and in the current political climate this is a significant guilt burden of Spain's to jettison in favor of an unapologetic national pride. Besides, the opportunity to compose a declaration of independence and new constitution with nativist safeguards is a pipe dream worth hoping for.
Published: October 1, 2017 | This entry was posted in North American New Right and tagged articles, Catalonia, ethnonationalism, North American New Right, originals, Tom Zaja. Both comments and trackbacks are currently closed.
Otger
Posted October 5, 2017 at 9:57 pm | Permalink
Just to mention that it might be interesting to note that there is a recent phenomenon of pro-EFTA sentiment rising among Catalans after the weak EU response to police brutality during the 1st Oct. Referendum.
Posted October 4, 2017 at 10:49 am | Permalink
Excellent article by Tom Zaja!
I had no idea that anyone in the Alt-Right had a different point of view until Greg mentioned it in our podcast.
For those who describe Catalonia as poor…Catalonia's GDP per Capita is about 5% below that of France and over 20% higher than the rest of Spain. It is well above that of all formerly Communist countries in the EU as well as Italy, Greece, and Portugal.
Their debt is higher in real terms, but when looked at in the light of their much higher productivity, they will not be on the verge of bankruptcy.
When compared with the extent to which London, Paris, and Bavaria are net payers to the benefit of their countrymen, Catalonia's burden is 4 times that of these other regional economic engines.
Spainiards can only have a Spain the is "Una, Grande, et Libre" if all constituent peoples agree. If the Catalans or Basque disagree, then it will either be "Una et Grande" or "Libre."
Ultimately, no one who matters will pay attention to the LARPers of the Alt-Right who say differently. The shortcoming of these aesthetics-first grandiose nationalists is that it is very easy to say (as Greg once did) "I veto your dream." This is a real world example of that.
Cid Campeador
"it is very easy to say (as Greg once did) "I veto your dream." This is a real world example of that."
Oh, yes, to veto someone's dreams is a very bad thing. But what dreams are we speaking of? Who is dreaming? The Catalan separatist "dreamers" are a circumstancial and troubled coalition of center-right liberals, left nationalists and extreme left antifa thugs. Their capacity to movilize the people has reached its ceiling: between 2-2,5 million people, as the recent pseudo-referendum and its precedent of 2014 have clearly shown. A lot of people, certainly, but quite far from a majority of the region's 7,5 million inhabitants. So we are not talking about a people's or a nation's "dream".
There are many, many Catalans completely stranged from the current separatist coup, who feel themselves equally Catalans and Spaniards, and whose dreams have been vetoed too. They've been the silent majority for decades, while the utterly corrupt local elites consolidated their own cleptocratic regime based on propaganda and indoctrination, helped and encouraged by the central state's governing parties, who found it convenient to give them carte-blanche in their bussiness in exchange for their support when needed in the Spanish Parliament.
An interesting collateral damage of this race to nowhere in which the Catalan government has foolishly embarked so many people, is that they have forced the silent majority to confront an existential threat, and forgotten feelings of identity and patriotism have been deeply stirred, inside and outside of Catalonia. For now, it's no more than a confuse and uncertain desire to affirm the long suppressed Spanish identity (by no means incompatible with Catalan, Basque or or any other regional identity), but it might be the beginning of a badly needed movement of national renewal. And it well may be a worhtwhile dream.
Triptolemus
Posted October 3, 2017 at 9:25 am | Permalink
Spencer is wrong to support the European Union on principle in the naive hope that it can be reformed into a true European federation. Johnson is wrong to support secession on principle, when the seceding territory wants to increase non-European settlement (in the case of Catalonia) or to be more closely tied to the EU (in the case of Scotland). Both are wrong to let personal rivalry cloud their political judgment, and both are wrong to confuse ends with means. We should support federalism or nationalist secession only when these are authentic. Also, it is possible to oppose heavy handed oppression by the Spanish government as well as oppose secession that furthers globalism and endangers the European people.
Zaja is wrong to deny context by comparing poor Catalonia to wealthy Switzerland and Iceland, and to presume that smaller is always better. Nation-states themselves are federations of tribes (Italy of Italic tribes, Germany of Germanic tribes, etc.) banded together in mutual defense and shared culture, in spite of differences in language and religion. Nation-states exist because of the will of tribes to live together in spite of these differences. External forces (i.e., globalists) exploit these differences in order to weaken nation-states and Europe, ultimately imperiling the tribes themselves.
Federalism, nationalism, and regionalism are not mutually exclusive but rather complementary, if the principle of subsidiarity is upheld. This is why monarchy and feudalism remained stable for so many centuries, in spite of flaws.
El Cid Campeador
It's sad to see how much the moronic and lavishly funded propaganda campaign of Catalonia's separatist movement has captivated an apparently great number of alt-right supporters. The "erstwhile independence" and "conquest by Spain in 1714" memes are nothing else than outright lies, and, though the Catalan language was certainly not subsidized and not admitted in official usage for administrative or judicial matters during the Franco's regime, it was never forbidden to speak or to write in Catalan, and Catalonia prospered enormously in those years.
If anybody wishes to get some facts about this subject, I would suggest some real history books such as Gabriel Tortella's "Catalonia and Spain: History and Myth" or, if you can read in Spanish, "España y Cataluña: Historia de una Pasión" by Henry Kamen. Both authors are respected scholars and very far from anything resembling those far-right supporters of Franco's legacy that Mr. Zaja so openly despises.
Nonsense apart (and there is much more in this article), what I find very difficult to understand is why some people in the alt-right seems fascinated by every attempt to smash up the great historical European nations into tiny and weak states, as if it were the most direct and easiest way to some sort of ethno-racial European apotheosis.
Spain is not an artificial state as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia were. It's not a globalist artifact nor a racial melting pot (at least not yet). The Spanish nation is an organic reality, product of unique historical and demographic circumstances. Of course, you can find some ethnic diversity among the different Spanish regions, and even inside the same regions. But why do you believe that these differences are so large and so important that we are condemned to be "unable to coexist in the same state"?
A nation like Spain, forged in a 700 years long war of Reconquista against the Islam and unified under a common state for more than 500 years, will not be broken up without resistance, unrest, strife, and probably civil war between peoples racially identical and ethnically very similar. I can't see how this would help to fight against the European population decline and to guarantee a bright prospect for the white race.
Today, Catalonia is very far from being stable, with an immigration problem far worse than the rest of the country, with the lowest fertility rate among the native population in Spain, with an unemployment rate close to 15%, with the worst level of public debt among the Spanish autonomous regions, with the most corrupt of the corrupt Spanish ruling class… Add to this the enormous and sudden economic recession that a new frontier with its main markets and an automatic exit of the EU and the Euro would bring along.
True, the current social and political situation in Spain doesn't allow much hope. But the balkanization that Mr. Zaja happily promotes could be far worse. Do you really think that a weak and impoverished Catalan state, controlled by far left and antifa-style parties, and with a pro-immigration, pro-feminist, pro-LGTBI, pro-diversity (except Spanish diversity, to be sure), pro-refugees and pro-globalist constitution, would become the first racially conscious state in Western Europe?
Please don't fantasize. If anything, an independent Catalonia could become the first Western European state to promulgate and enforce the sharia law.
Posted October 5, 2017 at 10:15 pm | Permalink
The Spanish Gov. has been promoting unlimited non-European immigration for decades, above all under the rule of Mr. Aznar, a self-proclaimed 'Spanish patriot', but a true liberal/phony capitalist and puppet of the worst oligarchs.
Catalonia is certainly not more under 'Communists and proLGBT' thant the Spain or the rest of the West is.
I just do not want quarrels and in-fights among European peoples. I think the case has been made that Catalans are a different People (ethnic group) than Spaniards, and what's most, that the present Spanish State is beyond salvation (it is a oligarchic possession hell bent on exploiting the people and resources under their control for their own benefit). They are corrupt beyond salvation.
Also Catalan mindset is very different from the Castillian/Spanish mindset. We Catalans have a Carolingian origin and this can be felt in our behaviour, language and traditions (food tastes, literature, etc).
There is no need for any Civil war, but we should all understand that we need to aim to a Europe of the Peoples. Instead of promoting grand-nationalism of the French and Spanish types, we should start instilling pan-Europeanism to younger generations. Generation Identitaire is going in the right direction in many aspects.
In 1659 the French and Spanish monarchies split Catalonia in two. Catalonia must be re-unified and break free in that Europe of the Peoples.
Nowadays, when it comes to power, the smaller, the better. Quite recently, after the EU's hypocritical position of the violence on the 1st Oct. Referendum in Catalonia, more and more Catalans are turning to EFTA rather than the EU. Nothing more, nothing less, but something is something.
John McKenna
This is the best article I've seen written on the subject by the new right. Neither side in this is ethnic nationalist so taking sides is pointless but we should be watching and learning from it.
Chinese N Maiden
"History and the present readily demonstrate that small states are some of the most stable, independent, and resilient. It is Switzerland that is among the toughest on immigration, Iceland that arrests its bankers and provides refuge for journalists like Assange. The UK, France and Germany are at the opposite end of the pozometry scale."
I believe this argument holds true based on my experience with China.
China had an extremely repressive regime that is actually not ruling over a nation proper but a vast empire with a diversity of peoples.
Breaking China up would be the best solution.
I guess if that argument is true, the big states like China, the USA, Russia, etc. are a bad idea and inevitably result in repression, which inevitably leads to decline and break-up.
Captain John Charity Spring MA
My memory of the Barcelona region in the 1930s was Anarchy and Communism. What can have changed?
"Far-right supporters are the most visible defenders of Franco's legacy of a monolithic Spain and are in fact able to rally without the same stigma that the Roman salute attracts elsewhere. "
No wonder Spencer supports them.


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Home Year 2014 Gone Girl (2014)
Rating - 4.5
Now would not be a good time to start singing "Tragedy" by The Bee Gees.
Twitter Plot Summary: On the morning of his 5th wedding anniversary, Nick returns home to find his wife is missing – he soon becomes the key suspect.
Five Point Summary:
1. A smashed table. This looks suspicious.
2. And the suspicion falls on Nick.
3. Neil Patrick Harris! Shame he's miscast.
4. All becomes clear – you'll see why.
5. Well, this is awkward…
Trying to review Gone Girl without lapsing into spoiler territory is incredibly difficult. Even expanding on the merest detail or plot point could potentially spoil matters for a lot of people interested in seeing it. So whilst avoiding plot discussion has its own problems, singing its praises is, however, very easy indeed. Fincher has, with the assistance of Gillian Flynn's adaptation of her own novel, crafted an engaging story that for the first half keeps you guessing as to which perspective you should believe, and in the second half allowing the story to play out at its own pace. Despite being a full 2.5 hours long it never slackens and boredom is unlikely to be a concern. Unless you're here for a rip roaring action film, in which case you're better off going and watching Commando.
The plot, in its most basic form, begins with Ben Affleck's Nick heading out early one morning to the bar he co-owns with his twin sister, the morning of his fifth wedding anniversary. After having a quick round of The Game of Life, he returns home to find his wife – Amy (Rosamund Pike) – has gone missing under suspicious circumstances. After he calls in the police he quickly becomes the main suspect in Amy's disappearance and before long is vilified by the media as possibly being the killer, having the hallmarks of a sociopath, and so on.
Aside from some possibly questionable gender politics – which is no doubt a deliberate move – there is little to fault. The performances are pitched at exactly the right level, although Neil Patrick Harris is perhaps miscast as a former boyfriend of Amy's who shows up to assist in the search for her. To say more would again be lurking into spoiler territory, but he has an edge of Barney Stinson to him and never quite manages to shake that image off.
Knowing that Ben Affleck stalked the corridors made it difficult to enjoy a bath.
Gone Girl, for all its various twists and turns, is really a film about perception and how this can be twisted by the media, and even by your friends and family, into making you something you may or may not be. There is also a discussion to be had about playing a role in a relationship, making something of yourself that you are not simply to appear at your best to the other person.
Many have been negative about Ben Affleck's acting abilities in the past, but he's perfectly cast as Nick, a man who has to deal with the full glare of the media in all its glory. Rosamund Pike meanwhile puts in a career defining performance as Amy that should be Oscar-baiting territory. On face value (as in, the trailer) it might appear that Amy doesn't have a huge amount to do – those expecting a minimal performance will be pleasantly surprised.
All in all it is a film that deserves discussion, for its complex narrative, the gusto given to the performances, and for not being afraid to tackle some meaty subject matter whilst also providing a darkly humorous edge. The comedy is there, but it is so pitch black you may not even notice it on the first viewing. Some have argued that this is a perfect date movie, and in many respects it is, more so if you want to have a solid discussion about the film's themes and content. It's certainly one that requires repeat viewing, although it has the potential to either strengthen or weaken a marriage or partnership. It's your call if you decide to risk seeing it with your other half.
Score: 4.5/5
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Eclipse plugin. Browser in Editor How to add Browser object into editor?

A: Have a look at the following example.
http://www.java2s.com/Code/Java/SWT-JFace-Eclipse/SWTBrowser.htm

A: Window/Show Views/Other then select "Internal Web Browser"

A: If you're developing an eclipse plug-in, try this:
int style = IWorkbenchBrowserSupport.AS_EDITOR | IWorkbenchBrowserSupport.LOCATION_BAR | IWorkbenchBrowserSupport.STATUS;
IWebBrowser browser = WorkbenchBrowserSupport.getInstance().createBrowser(style, "MyBrowserID", "MyBrowserName", "MyBrowser Tooltip");
browser.openURL(new URL("http://www.google.com"));

Source: http://blog.roweware.com/2007/07/24/open-url-in-eclipse/

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Bloom (Stan original production) : Extra role as both a construction worker and local citizen.
Hourglass : Main role of a father. Student short movie.
EX PM : Extra in protest scene.
The Leftovers : Extra involved in the third season. I play several parts. First one I am a Guilty Renmant, secondly I am one of the Minerites.
Melbourne Rewind : Part of the wedding party. This is a Malaysian film which I am part of .
'The Black Veil' : Played main part of The Father in this Horror movie. Independant from Atlantis Films. Post production.
'Aryo' : Extra part. Part of jury. Swinburne Institute short film.
'Golden Cocoon' : RMIT short film where I play the part of a patient in a hospital.
'To India' : RMIT short film where I played a lead role as a father figure.
'Bathrooms' : RMIT short film where I was cast as an extra in bathroom scene.
'Crestfallen' : Independent Feature length movie. I played the part of a father in christmas scene.
'Stillwater' : Independent short film where I played a crucial part of a murderer in the bush.
'Gold Diggers' : Short film where I played the part of a rescue worker for trapped miners.
'The Snap Factory' : Independent short film where I played a lead role as a Doctor.
'Sand to Ashes' : Swinburne short film. Played the part of an executive member around a conference table.
'Carnivore' : RMIT Student short film where I was cast as an extra in street scenes. Dressed as a vampire.
Slowly progressed and now seem to be getting a bit of paid work.
I am mainly interested in working as an extra but also interested in bit parts and maybe feature rolls.
Also have been getting cast into TVC's and TV series the last few years.
Have picked everything up as I go along and can take direction quite well.
Helped out on lots of short movies over the years.


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text:
If You're Going to Write About Science of Reading, Get Your Science Right
There's a new report out about the teaching of reading. It came to my attention when Diane Ravitch tweeted about it, with the tag "There is no Science of Reading." It turns out to be a relatively brief policy statement from the National Education Policy Center, signed by the Education Deans for Justice and Equity.
I think the statement is pretty confused, as it conflates issues that ought to be considered separately. This statement is meant to be about the science of reading, so much of the confusion arises from a failure to understand or appreciate the nature of science, how basic science applies to applied science, and the scientific literature on reading.
FIRST. The distinction between basic and applied science ought to be fundamental to any discussion of the science of reading. Basic science in this context refers to the cognitive processes that enable reading. It is descriptive. Applied science in this context refers to helping people learn to read, given a particular goal for what it means to be a successful reader. Applied science is normative. It entails goals that are not determined by science.
This distinction is analogous to the difference between the basic sciences of physics and materials science and the applied science of architecture. The latter draws on the former to help an architect predict whether a building will stand, but the sciences don't tell you how to design a building. It can't, because designing a "successful" building requires knowing its function: how many people will the building hold? What will people do there? Do you care what the building looks like? What's your budget?
It may first appear that goals couldn't vary that much among educators—we want kids to read. But goals actually run throughout education decisions. What do you do if a practice facilitates fluency, but prompts a modest decline in reading attitudes? Or consider whether every child should become a good reader of content intended for "the intelligence layperson." Committing to that goal commits one to a broad content curriculum, and an attendant reduction in opportunities for students to pursue personal interests in depth.
The NEPC statement conflates basic and applied science. That matters because different methods ought to be used when there's disagreement with either. If the disagreement concerns basic science, the scientific method is appropriate, but disagreements about application are often disagreements about goals, or the collateral effects of pursuing goals, and therefore ultimately about values. For example, the report suggests that policymakers should "acknowledge and support that the greatest avenue to reading for all students is access to books and reading in their homes, their schools, and their access to libraries (school and community)." What goal does "greatest avenue to reading" refer to? That children will read more? That children will improve fluency? Gain vocabulary? That children will be able to read more challenging texts? These are not the same outcomes, and in fact there is a robust research literature on the extent to which access to books serves any of these goals.
Or take this recommendation " [Federal or state legislators] Should adopt a wide range of types of evidence of student learning." To what end? To what purpose is the evidence of student learning to be put? To make book recommendations for leisure reading? As a high school graduation requirement? Elsewhere the report mentions student portfolios positively. One of my children's school uses portfolios to help children take ownership and pride in their work and, although there's no evidence it helps in this way, I kind of like that they do. On the other hand, there's ample evidence that portfolios are very poor in terms of predictive validity for future school outcomes (e.g., grades and graduation).
Most of the recommendations in the report are like that. They end up being empty because they tell you what to do, but they don't specify what outcome they hope the recommendation will achieve.
SECOND. The authors of the report either don't understand how science works or are trusting that the reader doesn't. They write "The truth is that there is no settled science of reading. The research on reading and teaching reading is abundant, but it is diverse and always in a state of change." On the one hand, that's science, folks. Knowledge from science is always understood to be contingent, and we use the best model we have (of reading or whatever else) as we're working towards the next, better model. Even though an existing model may be known to be flawed, it may nevertheless be a close enough approximation that can be usefully applied.
But on the other hand, that's not the conclusion the report invites. Rather, the suggestion is that we don't know anything about reading from a scientific point of view with enough certainty that it will be useful in education. This claim doesn't hold up to even passing familiarity with the literature (Here and here are a couple of good undergraduate textbooks on the basic science of reading. Or what the hell, read my book.) When it comes to application of science, what we know is less certain, but we still know a great deal. (This volume will get you started.)
To indicate that there is controversy and no settled science, the report cites contrarian scholars like Steven Krashen and Jeffrey Bowers. But again, if you have any familiarity with science, you'd know this is not a sign of unusual discord in the scientific community. There are always people challenging the mostly-accepted view. That's part of the process. Very occasionally these outsiders are vindicated and an extremely different model becomes the norm. Occasionally their criticisms lead to a moderate adjustment of the accepted model. Most often these challenges prompt those taking the central view to provide better evidence and to be more rigorous in their thinking.
THIRD. The NEPC report commits the ivory tower blunder of recommending an ideal, and ignoring realities on the ground. For example, the report says
"This "balanced literacy" approach, which stresses the importance of phonics and of authentic reading – and which stresses the importance of teachers who are professionally prepared to teach reading using a full toolbox of instructional approaches and understandings – is now strongly supported in the scholarly community and is grounded in a large research base."
We might note that balanced literacy is said to be grounded in a large research base. But presumably not scientific research, because there's no settled science. So what research? It goes unnamed.
To return to the main point, the fuel behind the current controversy is NOT that anyone thinks that balanced literacy, as described here, is a bad idea.
Rather, journalists have been reporting as true what has been a sneaking suspicion of edu-pundits for about a decade: (1) that one component of a balanced literacy classroom—phonics instruction—is being poorly taught and/or getting little time and; (2) some balanced literacy programs include methods of instruction (e.g., multi-cuing) that applied research indicates is counterproductive and (3) 1 and 2 are exacerbated because some teachers are poorly prepared during teacher education, and because most commercial reading programs do little to facilitate solid instruction, and because administrators tasked with selecting reading programs sometimes know very little about reading instruction.
There's also a very real question of whether balanced literacy, even absent these problems, could be taught by any but a handful of the most experienced educators. The original idea was that each teacher would have a big toolbox of literacy education tools, and that children would be individually evaluated for which instructional tool would be just right at which time. It's a lovely vision—again, who would argue with that if all the tools are good?—but that individualized instruction represents an enormous challenge for any educator. We should probably be asking whether, even with top-notch teacher education and materials, that vision is realistic in classrooms and if not, what supports would make it realistic OR how we could modify it into something doable.
CLOSING. The NEPC didn't say "science doesn't matter." That would sound like climate change denial. But note too they didn't say "they've got the science wrong. HERE'S the way the science of reading really works." Instead they said "hey, this is all pretty murky and complicated…no one really knows what's right, it's all controversial, but those folks are pretending that they've got the science of reading figured out." The authors of this report try to render science irrelevant by claiming it's premature to apply it. This argument is undercut by their repeated demonstrations that they misunderstand science, the application of science, and the extant literature
on reading.
Ironically, most of their recommendations have nothing to do with science. The report objects to policies meant to raise test scores in the short-term when doing so risks longer term harms. It objects to policymakers ignoring the impact of out-of-school factors (e.g., poverty) on student achievement. It objects to policymakers ignoring the expertise of educators when establishing policy.
If these are problems, they are a result of wrong-headed (in the NEPC's view) paths toward educational goals, or wrong-headed educational goals. They are not a direct result of reading science. Whoever wrote this report did not know enough science to see the difference.
John Gabrieli
I think you have written a superb summary of the deep challenges involved in relating what we do know about the science of reading to what teachers need to do in the classroom to educate skilled and confident readers.
Daniel Willingham
Paul Thomas link
Many of your concerns are based on misreading the statement, which is primarily about how media coverage of teaching reading/reading "science" is driving reading policy in states across the US.
In fact, the statement is exactly about confusing basic and applied science.
To your final point—"Whoever wrote this report did not know enough science to see the difference"—let me suggest that journalists and behavioral/neuro-scientists often don't know enough about literacy to see the criticisms.
Note of importance; this is a false characterization of the statement:
"The authors of this report try to render science irrelevant by claiming it's premature to apply it. This argument is undercut by their repeated demonstrations that they misunderstand science, the application of science, and the extant literature
on reading."
The concern is applying too narrow a definition of evidence to *all students must* as opposed to recognizing that any teacher may need to choose among several instructional approaches based on different needs of students.
The current "science of reading" that calls for systematic intensive phonics for *all students* is an over-reach and misuse of science.
I think, although you suggest the statement itself is confused, you were confused by Ravitch's posting/heading (which is miselading). Please note that the statement is clearly framed as about policy, not just the science of reading itself:
All students deserve equitable access to high-quality literacy and reading instruction and opportunities in their schools. This will only be accomplished when policymakers pay heed to an overall body of high-quality research evidence and then make available the resources necessary for schools to provide our children with the needed supports and opportunities to learn. This joint statement from NEPC and the Education Deans for Justice and Equity provides guiding principles for what any federal or state legislation directly or indirectly impacting reading should and should not do.
Believe me, I don't support everything that's been recommended in the name of "the science of reading." Else where I've argued that science is *never* prescriptive to action for teachers, but at best might put boundary conditions on certain goals. So I think there's an argument to be made along the lines they were shooting for...I just don't think they made it.
"In fact, the statement is exactly about confusing basic and applied science."
I hear you, Paul, I do think that's what they were after...I just think they did a really poor job of it.
I think you have responded to Ravitch's blog post title (which is *way* off on what the statement says). If you genuinely agree with my comments above (which I believe you do), I would appreciate an email exchange to reach better understanding here. Your voice has been used and misused in this "debate" and I think the NEPC statement is being mischaracterized here, not out of purposeful deceit, but from miscommunication.
Sara Peden link
Thank you for taking the time to provide this excellent piece. I will share it, in the inevitable event that people try to use the policy statement to buttress their arguments against using structured literacy approaches as part of universal high quality classroom instruction. I think most of those trying to leverage basic science of reading in our applied settings share at least one common goal. We're interested in making sure that ALL children who have sufficient language development to read, are able to do so. Some is not enough.
Thanks Sara!
Epistemic Trespassing: From Ruby Payne to the "Science of Reading" https://radicalscholarship.wordpress.com/2020/03/23/epistemic-trespassing-from-ruby-payne-to-the-science-of-reading/
Harriett Janetos
Brilliant! Thank you so much.
Perhaps your next project will address this reference to Bowers, especially his recent article, "Reconsidering the evidence that systematic phonics is more effective than alternative methods of reading instruction".
"To indicate that there is controversy and no settled science, the report cites contrarian scholars like Steven Krashen and Jeffrey Bowers. But again, if you have any familiarity with science, you'd know this is not a sign of unusual discord in the scientific community. There are always people challenging the mostly-accepted view. That's part of the process. Very occasionally these outsiders are vindicated and an extremely different model becomes the norm. Occasionally their criticisms lead to a moderate adjustment of the accepted model. Most often these challenges prompt those taking the central view to provide better evidence and to be more rigorous in their thinking."
Probably not, but you never know :)
Mary Howard
Just as you found the NEPC statement " pretty confused" I too find your statement pretty confusing and yet fairly commonplace these days: "The authors of the report either don't understand how science works or are trusting that the reader doesn't." This seems to make the flawed assumption that anyone who does not support "science of reading" must therefore be lacking in knowledge and experience.
Michael K Thomas
It's true many lack the knowledge and reinforce that lack of information through years of experience knowing and doing things that are poorly supported, thus propagating sub-par teaching to students.
Ginny Osewalt
Thanks for this and especially for disentangling the notion that "...the greatest avenue to reading for all students is access to books and reading in their homes, their schools, and their access to libraries (school and community)".
Jeff Bowers link
Hi Dan, just wanted to clarify for people reading this blog that I'm not of the camp "there is no science of reading". Much of my career has been studying the cognitive processes that support skilled reading. But I do think that the common claim that the science of reading strongly supports systematic phonics is not justified. Would be interested in your view on that, and if you do think the evidence is strong, what is the best evidence for this conclusion?
And to add: there is no such faction in this. Ravitch's blog post title is *not* representative of this statement.
Mark Shinn link
I appreciated this response to the Deans for Social Justice. I found it odd that it wasn't possible to identify who the authors were. From the get-go, I found the statement (not surprisingly) written from a particular perspective, one that can be inferred to be consistent with the criticisms of colleges of education noted by the NCTQ and Seidenberg. Their own use of terms like "reading wars" as a justification for the lack of respect/knowledge of the last 50+ years of published research is inflammatory. Are there climate change wars because we fail to recognize and use what we have learned about the role of humans in contributing to climate change. I, too, found conflation of a number of issues independent of reading science and an implicit endorsement that our teachers are well versed/prepared to deliver high quality reading instruction (independent of published programs, BTW), meaning that teachers are also skilled in instructional design. In sum, a defense of the status quo for some (unnamed) colleges of education.
"Focusing blame on K-12 teachers and teacher education without credible evidence or acknowledgement of challenging teaching and learning conditions and the impact of test-based accountability policies on practice and outcomes." The statement is *not* an endorsement of the status quo but arguing that where teacher ed fails (and it does) can mainly be traced to the accountability movement v. some deep ideological failure of teacher educators. Again, the concern raised here is misrepresenting the statement.
Debbie Meyer
I'm more and more convinced every state dm should have Pre-K to 3 teacher licenses ensuring those teachers understand the fundamentals of literacy and math and the a 4-8 license and a 9-12 license. Perhaps my dermatologist took a lecture on anesthesia but I wouldn't want her or him putting me under with no supervision.
Louisa Moats link
Thank you for this detailed and lucid statement. It is right on.
I don't know, Paul. You write: "I think you have responded to Ravitch's blog post title (which is *way* off on what the statement says).
The statement directly says "there is no settled science of reading and [] the research base and evidence base on reading and teaching reading is diverse and always in a state of change"
Ravitch "There is *no* SoR" v. statement "there is no settled science of reading"
The key here is "settled" and that the MSM and state policy is translating "settled" into systematic intensive phonics for all (which is *not* what even the most narrow definitions of "scientific" research support; even the NRP shows only systematic phonics for grade 1 only).
I understood that the statement said "no settled." That's what I was talking about in the antepenultimate paragraph. (Do get a little charge on the rare occasions there's a reason to use that word.)
Chuck Jordan
Maybe we need an ART of teaching reading? My own children came close to hating to read because of lock step reading programs like Reading Apprenticeship/AR. Is is not also accepted science that every child is different and not all learn in the same way?
Interesting article and discussion.
Tara Neate
Thank you Chuck for bringing up the ART of teaching which requires a knowledgable, responsive educator, the most successful of which do not teach from a prescribed commercial program. I agree with David that it is challenging to differentiate instruction but I don't agree that only a handful of experienced teachers are capable of teaching a "balanced literacy" program effectively. I think it is a doomed educational system that has policy and instruction driven by standardized test scores and commercial interests over evidence of what actually is working in classrooms taught by dedicated and skilled teachers. More research and media attention should be directed to examining schools that are consistently producing successful, enthusiastic, critical, skilled readers. (disclaimer: I'm from Canada where teachers are generally more respected and better paid than in many states).
Oh you're Canadian. That explains it. Teachers in America are just not smart enough to teach without a script.
I think you struck a big chord when you identified that educators are being ill prepared for the task of teaching reading during the training process. Along with lack of training in specific tool box skills, administration is making choices on reading programs without always understanding the complexity of teaching reading. When both these pieces of the puzzle are askew you do not get a complete puzzle meaning the learner is missing out.
Dear Dr. Willingham,
Thank you for writing such thought provoking pieces. While unrelated, I'm wondering what your thoughts and opinions are of the Next Generation Science Standards? I'm curious because I value your insight and want to know if you think the shift toward application of science knowledge and practices is (and away from the traditional heavy focus on factual science knowledge) is supported by the research you've read.
I haven't read them closely enough to have an opinion


Christiaan van Heijst is a Dutch pilot and photographer, who often snaps pictures during flights.
During one of his flights from Hong Kong to Azerbaijan, Heijst noticed an oddly shaped cloud. He realized it was a missile when it detonated, The Daily Mail reported.
The airspace to the north and south of the plane's flight was owned by the Chinese and closed to any traffic.
It turns out that the Chinese government launched this missile to test a missile defense system, which is intended to knock down attacking missiles before they can reach their target.
The missile left the ground north of the plane, went overhead, and landed south of the plane, creating the huge plume the pilot saw.
Heijst was already familiar with missile contrails through watching videos online. He captured plenty of photos of the event to prove it.
The launch of this high powered missile system was a complete secret. While the pilots knew the airspace was closed, no one had told them why. Air traffic control did not warn them the event would occur–if they even knew.
The test took place over the Himalayan Mountains, presumably in a completely unpopulated area. The pilot's amazing pictures sure look thrilling, but they also have a dark undertone. As a military power, China could be an excellent ally or a formidable opponent.
The nation isn't afraid to bluster around the world stage. Though they do have issues to deal with in their own region, it seems they may be looking to extend their influence further.
It makes perfect sense for any nation to develop and test defensive systems. However, that technological advancement includes advances in offensive capability as well.
What do you think of this missile defense system testing by the Chinese government? Please share the story on Facebook and tell us what you think because we want to hear YOUR voice!


text:
Fort Morgan gymnasts rested and ready for…
Fort Morgan gymnasts rested and ready for regionals
Fort Morgan freshman Breonna Koch keeps her balance on the beam in a meet at Columbine High School on Saturday, Sept. 9, 2017.
Fort Morgan sophomore Destiny Pelton goes through her floor routine in a meet at Columbine High School on Saturday, Sept. 9, 2017.
PUBLISHED: October 26, 2017 at 7:11 am | UPDATED: April 24, 2019 at 10:27 am
Two weeks between the meet at Cherry Creek High School to end the regular season and the regional meet at Bear Creek High School allowed the Fort Morgan Mustangs time to rest and heal from the season to come in at full strength for the biggest meet of the year.
Last week, the school had a fall break and a few days off from school. During that time, the team held optional practices and took it easy. Some girls chose to come in and work on a few things while others took the time off to get healthy.
"I've had hip problems for a little while, so it was nice to relax and get better," Joey Shurtleff said.
The wear and tear of the long season left many of the girls sore and looking to get healthy. This week, the practices have picked up to their regularly intensity, but the team is feeling much stronger, according to head coach Nicole Ruff.
"We have never had a fall break before, so it was nice to see if it was going to work for us or not," Ruff said. "You can tell they are completely different gymnasts with the break. It was nice to have and something we can live with again."
Fort Morgan found out they would be going to the regional meet at Bear Creek High School earlier this week with 10 other schools. Familiar teams like Cherry Creek and Lone Star are scheduled to be there, but the Mustangs will see plenty of teams they did not face during the regular season as well.
The Mustangs hope to repeat what they did last year and qualify for state as a team. In 2016, Fort Morgan was the eighth and final team to earn the qualification based on their averages in regionals.
"I know the girls made it last year and we're hoping to make it this year as well," Alina Koenen said. "I think everyone is a little nervous."
Throughout the entire regular season, Ruff has worked with her team to learn new stunts for different routines. As of last week, the new stunts have stopped and the team has focused on perfecting the ones they learned. The goal is to execute all of their routines and avoid deductions to score high in the meet.
In the first session of the regional meet this Saturday, Fort Morgan is scheduled to compete on the floor and in the vault. The two events have been the strengths for the team this year with many of the girls scoring an 8.0 or higher consistently.
"It's more about confidence in both of them," Shurtleff said. "We spent a lot of time on them but then we realized that those were our strongest. It really comes down to the confidence."
What may make the difference for the Mustangs to qualify as a team for state will be the afternoon session on the beam and uneven bars. The team has spent most of their time this week preparing for those two events. Scores in those events have gone up in recent meets with some girls scoring a 7.0 or higher. Similar scores in the beam at regionals last year helped Fort Morgan earn the final team qualification for the state meet.
The team is anxious for the meet but ready to go, Koenen said.
"I think we're going to make it," Koenen said. "We've done a lot of routines and worked on our skills to perfect it. We have tried to fix every little mistake to help us."
Ruff echoed her team's belief that they could get the job done to qualify as a team for state for a second consecutive season.
"I'm a little nervous, but if they all bring their 'A games' and show up mentally, they will be fine," Ruff said.
Warmups for the morning session begin around 9 a.m. and the meet is scheduled for a 10 a.m. start time.
Brandon Boles: 970-441-5102, sports@fmtimes.com or twitter.com/FMT_Sports


At TOKYO GAME SHOW 2011, to avoid congestions and to prevent dangers, priority tickets are distributed to visitors. The following trial plays and event stages are ditributed from the opening time on the day.
The priority ticket can be received only one per person.
The priority ticket can be effective on the day and time only. Changing time/date and exchanging tickets are prohibited.
Entrance are divided into 6 lanes by game title or event stage.
Distribution lane is exclusively set for specified priority ticket.
After having received priority ticket, re-line up in a same lane is strictly prohibited.
The priority ticket distributes on the day only. Distributions are based on first-come, first-serve basis.


text:
Expanded Bobcat Campus Hosts Lively Demo Days
The Doosan Bobcat Campus at Dobris in the Czech Republic has played host to the latest version of the very successful Bobcat Demo Days, an industry-unique event held every year since 2011. Located close to the capital city of Prague, the Dobris Campus has just been expanded with the opening of the new Doosan Bobcat headquarters for Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA).
The Dobris Campus is a unique operation among Doosan Bobcat's many facilities around the world. Not only is Dobris home to the new headquarters, Innovation Center and the training centre for EMEA, it also includes the Bobcat manufacturing plant, which produces a significant proportion of the company's compact machines destined not only for EMEA but for many other markets worldwide.
At Dobris, Doosan Bobcat has all of the company's engineering, development, production and management capabilities under one 'roof' on the Campus. As a result, the Dobris Campus is an unrivalled venue for an event like Demo Days, where Bobcat customers and dealers can see and try out new products and concepts before they come to market. The new investments in R&D, manufacturing, facilities and processes at Dobris are intended to make it even easier to do business with the company.
Bobcat Demo Days
Blending established products with new developments, Demo Days 2019 was attended by over 700 customers and dealers from across EMEA - the highest number ever - who grasped the opportunity to try out the full range of Bobcat loaders, mini-excavators, telehandlers and attachments in working conditions. Recently launched products appearing at this Demo Days for the first time included the world's first one tonne electric mini-excavator – the E10e - and the new range of Bobcat Waste Expert telehandlers.
Gustavo Otero, EMEA President for Doosan Bobcat, said: "Demo Days reflects the very close relationship between Bobcat and its customers from all around EMEA. The event provides a great platform for Bobcat's 180 dealers in 120 EMEA countries and their customers to try out a wide selection of machines and over 100 different types of attachments in working conditions."
Taking place over two weeks in October 2019, Demo Days typifies the support and care Bobcat offers customers throughout the region. This builds on the close proximity customers have at a local level, with easy accessibility at Demo Days to Bobcat personnel in all parts of the company, to ensure that feedback and experiences are exchanged in both directions.
Bobcat's New Branding Identity Launched
Among the new developments at Demo Days was the launch of a new branding identity which reflects the company's iconic 'One Tough Animal®' brand message, while representing more powerfully the core qualities of Bobcat equipment: Tough, Agile and Versatile. At the same time, the new look unifies and strengthens the visual identity of all Bobcat product lines. The new styling is now more modular and can be applied to machines of all different types and sizes.
For a number of years now, Bobcat's products have enjoyed a strong identity composed of white, black and orange colours with the Bobcat logo. By anchoring the new styling in the Tough, Agile and Versatile keywords of Bobcat's DNA, the designers have succeeded in breathing new dynamism into the equipment's distinctive silhouette and the unique, time-honoured Bobcat image (see separate press release in press pack).
New M-Series Loaders with Stage V Engines
In the EMEA region, the first product line to carry the new styling will be the new versions of Bobcat's market-leading M-Series S450, S510 and S530 models, the first in the range to feature a specially developed Stage V compliant Bobcat engine. Launched at Demo Days, these new machines will be commercially available in Europe, where Stage V regulations apply from January 2020. The new Stage V M-Series loaders provide operators with increased performance, enhanced comfort and optimised maintenance requirements to maximise job site efficiency.
Skilful design work has ensured that even with the Bobcat Stage V engine incorporated, the small dimensions of the new S450, S510 and S530 skid-steer loaders are maintained, offering a truly compact size and low weight, so they can work/manoeuvre easily in tight spaces and can be easily transported.
The new Bobcat engine provides 37% more torque and fast recovery from overload compared to the previous machines, which ensures increased comfort for the operator as they can work with the same power at lower RPM, at lower noise levels and with lower fuel consumption for the same jobs (see separate press release in press pack).
New R-Series Loaders
The next product line with the full branding design in EMEA will be the new R-series loaders, set to be launched in 2020, followed by others later next year. Bobcat gave a sneak preview of the R-series loaders range at Demo Days, displaying the new R-Series S580 skid-steer loader and T580 compact track loader.
Offering enhanced performance and comfort compared to their predecessors, the new R-Series loaders offer more comfort and less noise and feature a new one-piece cab design and a new LED lighting system for better visibility at night. More detailed, machine operation information is available through the new standard 5-inch and optional 7-inch touch screen displays.
All R-Series loaders feature new cast steel loader arms (20% stronger than the previous fabricated steel design). They also feature a redesigned cooling package in response to demand for higher capacity cooling.
In addition, all R-Series compact track loaders offer high stability thanks to the five-link torsion suspension now incorporated on all the track loader models in the range.
Innovations HUB
Appearing for the first time at Demo Days, the new Bobcat Innovations HUB provided an area dedicated to new ideas and concepts from the company that are being tested and evaluated with the goal of improving productivity for customers.
One of the concept machines demonstrated at the show was the Bobcat quad-tracked loader, featuring quad-tracks that are bolted on to the frame of Bobcat skid-steer loaders. The bolt-on/bolt-off design of the quad tracks adds versatility to the machines to adapt to the environment and applications they are working in. At Demo Days, the concept quad-tracked machines were available for customers to test and provide feedback about the versatility of this feature which aims to give customers the flexibility to work productively in various environments or job sites. At this point, the quad-track machine is only a concept in the evaluation phase, but it shows Bobcat's capability to rapidly build, demonstrate and evaluate concepts much faster.
Another exciting Bobcat development at Demo Days was the Bobcat MaxControl system, which provides a new IOS(Apple) based plug and play remote control solution that uses a smartphone to control Bobcat loaders. With its similarity to gaming joysticks or an Xbox controller, MaxControl ensures operators have a tactile feel when remotely operating Bobcat loaders.
For operators using Bobcat MaxControl, it means that there is no need to get in and out of the machine to open gates, park the machine, load it on to a trailer or loading and dumping material. Bobcat MaxControl enables the operator to perform most tasks remotely, that would normally be carried out while sitting inside the machine. The system has been launched on a limited basis in North America and will begin testing in the EMEA region.
Complete Freedom at Demo Days
At Demo Days, the external space is maximised to give customers plenty of room to drive and operate the complete range of Bobcat machines and attachments. Several of these products are presented in working application scenarios that demonstrate how Bobcat machines and attachments are used in customer markets such as landscaping, road maintenance, utilities and forestry.
Customers have the freedom to drive and operate almost any machine of their choice, safe in the knowledge that assistance and advice is close-at-hand from the many Bobcat product specialists, market experts and demonstrators in attendance.
One of the highlights of the Demo Days is – as the name states – the Demo Show. Each time the Demo Days takes place, the demo team changes the choreography, so that it is a new show on every occasion. This year, the use of live music, more performing artists than ever, colour laser lights, fog effects and fireworks, coupled with an increased number of machines and operators, ensured the Demo Show was one of the most spectacular ever.
Compact Loader Creators Inducted into the United States' National Inventors Hall of Fame
Cyril and Louis Keller, the brothers who invented the world's first compact loader (later named the Bobcat skid-steer loader), have been selected as 2023 inductees for the National Inventors Hall of Fame (NIHF) in the USA.
Bobcat track loader with sand cleaner attachment on most famous Sicilian Beach
The Bobcat SC200 sand cleaner, mounted on the new Bobcat T76 R-Series tracked loader, was an incomparable combination for cleaning one of the most beautiful and widest coasts in Italy.
Nuns Operate Bobcat Loader to Restore New Home
After more than two centuries living in a monastery in Hradčany square next to the Castle in the centre of Prague in the Czech Republic, the order of Discalced Carmelite Nuns has moved to a new home in the village of Drasty, to the East of Prague.
Bobcat telescopic loader TL43.80HF AGRI, versatility between olive trees
Cultius Ponç is a company based in Sant Celoni (Barcelona) specializing in the growing of olive trees, Mediterranean plants, palms, shrubs, conifers, fruit trees and a wide range of avenue trees.
Bobcat Machines at Archaeological Excavations
Rome is a unique city in the world: it has buried under it an immense archaeological museum, the result of over 2800 years of history.
Bobcat Loaders Build Race Tracks
The 27th Kenny Festival, Europe's largest all-terrain event on two and four wheels, took place on the weekend of 10th and 11th September 2022 in Reygades in the South of Correze, France.
Bobcat Electric E10e Excavator Excels in Inner City Work
Willemsen Infra BV, a civil engineering company from Utrecht in the Netherlands, purchased a new Bobcat E10e electric mini-excavator earlier in 2022.
Radio Remote Control on Bobcat loaders - A New Way of Working in Spain
The main business area of Vitrac Obra Pública is earthmoving, from small excavations to large earthworks. The company has the most modern machinery fleet on Mallorca, one of the Balearic Islands in Spain.
Bobcat Rolls Out Ground Maintenance Equipment in EMEA
Following on from its success in the North American market, Bobcat's line-up of innovative ground maintenance equipment (GME) is now available to customers across the Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA) region.
Bobcat Showcases Equipment of the Future at Bauma 2022
Bobcat is using Bauma 2022 as a platform to provide attendees with a glimpse of the machinery of tomorrow.


From the Galeries d'Anjou in Montreal to the Pacific Centre in Vancouver, fifteen Cadillac Fairview shopping centres across Canada will be offering electric vehicle chargers.
Cadillac Fairview's electric vehicle charging stations will support at least three chargers, operating at two different capacities: two Level 2 chargers, which require approximately 3 to 4 hours to replenish up to 80% of a vehicle's capacity, and one fast charger, which requires approximately 30 minutes to reach the same capacity. "At Cadillac Fairview, we are dedicated to making strategic investments that drive growth, innovation and corporate responsibility. We want to make our guests' visits to our centres an opportunity for them to recharge their vehicles or encourage them to make the shift to electric vehicles," indicated Sal Iacono, executive vice-president, Operations, Cadillac Fairview.
The charging stations installed in the Cadillac Fairview properties will be connected to the FLO network and mobile app, allowing users to easily locate available stations, monitor the progress of their charging session in real time, make payments, and access direct customer service support. The app currently has 20,000 users across the country.


How much is Homer Hickam worth? – Wondering how wealthy & rich is Homer Hickam? Or maybe you're just curious about Homer Hickam's age, body measurements, height, weight, hair color, eye color, bra & waist size, bio, wiki, wealth and salary?
Homer Hadley Hickam, Jr. (February 19, 1943) is a NASA American aerospace engineer, astronaut trainer, renowned American Science Fiction writer and veteran of the Vietnam War whose motivational autobiographical book Rocket's Boy: A Memoir (1998), made it known locally and worldwide.
Homer Hadley Hickam, Jr., was born in the coal town of Coalwood, West Virginia in 1943, into a struggling family dedicated to the extraction of coal. Homer was the second son of Homer Hickam Sr., a superintendent of the Coalwood mine.
While in High School in 1958, his teacher Frieda Riley motivated him to attend the Science Expo in Indianapolis with a rocket project, despite the opposition of his father who expected his son to succeed him in his position as a miner. Together with a group of friends (Quentin Wilson, Roy Lee Cooke, Jimmy "O'Dell" Carroll, Willie "Billy" Rose and Sherman Siers), they managed to develop a rocket and present it at the National Science Fair in 1960, achieving recognition and an award of gold and silver; and a scholarship to study at the Polytechnic Institute and Virginia State University (Virginia Tech), graduating as an Industrial Engineer to later graduate in Aerospace Engineering Sciences.
Hickman served in the Vietnam War in the 4th Infantry Division during 1967 and 1968, remaining in the Army for six years being relieved of service with the rank of captain. He was enlisted as an engineer in the Army Missile Command between 1971 and 1981 and later that year he went to NASA as an aerospace engineer in charge of the Hubble Space Telescope Project and in the training of generations of astronauts in extravehicular activities (EVA), besides the design of spacecraft and the SolarMax project.
Being fond of diving, in 1984 he performed a heroic act in rescuing passengers who were sinking in a boat on the Tennessee River. He also became an amateur paleontologist cooperating in the search for the remains of a Tyrannosaurus rex.
He retired in 1998 from the position of Director of Payload for the International Space Station Program.
Already retired, he dedicated himself to writing with the help of his wife Linda Terry a series of books related to his personal life in a motivational way and his life experiences in coal mining, war, space science and the science fiction with which it has obtained good reception in the American market.
He currently resides alternately between his home in Alabama and the Virgin Islands.
The Homer Hickam's statistics like age, body measurements, height, weight, bio, wiki, net worth posted above have been gathered from a lot of credible websites and online sources. But, there are a few factors that will affect the statistics, so, the above figures may not be 100% accurate.


When I do scrapping (especially Curb Co. stuff) there is always the chance that someone will ask me what I'm doing. When I mention recycling/scrapping and finding stuff for Goodwill, there is always the chance they will ask to see some of the scraps I have to prove that I'm legit. So I always keep a few small pieces of insulated wire, bare bright, flexible conduit, etc. in the car with me. I know that many on this site will likely carry business cards with them- all the better. But I don't want to be caught empty handed, so to speak.
Some might just carry tools, but that could mean you are a mechanic, carpenter or something else.
Does anyone else carry stuff in the car like this?
No, and I can't imagine how keeping a few small pieces of scrap in your vehicle is going to make a bit of difference if someone asks what you're doing.
All of my pick ups are from businesses so I try to keep the truck as empty as possible.
When somebody asks me what I'm doing I tell them. And then ask them if they're looking to get rid of what I'm looking for. In no circumstances can I imagine the utility of pre-filling the space I intend to go out and fill.
I feel pretty much the same as everyone else here. I try to make sure my truck is as clean and empty as possible, with only hand tools on board for gas station cleaning - if I go stright to the scrapyard and can't remove wires and aluminum etc... I have several places that I have verified with the owner that it's OK to do that on their property.
Thinking about this a little further, in my limited experience it does help "advertise" that you are a scrapper if you have stuff on your vehicle.
Example - earlier this summer while driving away from a curbside pickup I drive by someone's home and a guy is out in his yard "hey - are you metal scrapping?" then he asks if I can take a bunch of stuff. I did.
Recently my neighbor figured out I collect scrap metal and I just recycled over 1700lbs of ferrous, one 1060 lb. load and one 660 lb load, and another full load tonight planned all from his place of work perfectly in-between my house and the scrapyard, 2 miles away.
Still, I don't see this as a reason to always keep items on the back of my truck, I try to keep that thing 100% empty when I am not collecting. One full heavy load @ one stop then maybe home first if there's a bunch of non-ferrous to strip off, then the scrapyard - that's the goal anyway.
I'm going to jump on the bandwagon here and say that I also try to keep my vehicle relatively clean. I keep a large tote in the back with the seats laid down for more room, and to protect the carpeting. I also keep a 5-gallon bucket of ink cartridges so I can go by Office Depot once per month like clockwork and get my $10 recycling credit. Other than that, I keep a utility knife on the dash in plain view, and maybe a #2 Philips and flathead screwdriver in case I run across something that I only want to take pieces of. That's all I do. As far as advertising, I primarily do word of mouth. It has gotten me a fair bit of business, and I expect it will continue to do so. I have only been pulled over once, if you call walking a wheels-bin down the sidewalk in my neighborhood getting pulled over. Apparently a neighbor thought I was breaking and entering and stealing stuff. Once I told the cop what I was doing and showed him what I had, he was all cool. Didn't even check my ID.
That's my 2 cents on the matter.
Apparently a neighbor thought I was breaking and entering and stealing stuff. Once I told the cop what I was doing and showed him what I had, he was all cool. Didn't even check my ID.
Not to de-rail the thread but a few weeks ago I was breaking down a mostly cast aluminum grill on my truck in what looked like a neighborhood with no one home cause I couldn't effectively strap it down - it kept wanting to fall out at speeds higher than 25. About 5 minutes into breaking it down, I see someone peeking out a window at me - I smiled waved at them the second time. So, I hurried up even faster. I got it broken down enough strapped the load back down and sure enough - as I was turing off the street a police officer turned on to the street. I didn't get stopped but I KNOW someone called me in, even though I was legally minding my own business on a public street legally parked away from anyone's house.
Taking up space with last weeks picks is not a good business plan in my opinion!
The items I carry take up less space than half a dozen eggs. Yet I have things that clearly the average person just doesn't carry in their car. That, to me, would be more convincing to a police officer or some other suspicious person than, say, a toolbox (which lots of people carry, even thieves). Another thing I carry in my glove compartment is a map of the city showing the different brush pickup zones and dates (from the city website). That, too, is something the average person would never have with them.
My question is why the paranoia about the cops checking your car?
For those that don't get it - from the Urban Dictionary: "ridin' dirty" - driving in an automobile while having at least a felony charge worth of illegal drugs and or unregistered firearms with you.
Last edited by SKWrapper; 09-18-2018 at 02:24 PM.
No paranoia at all. I never was a boy scout, but I always liked their motto "Always be prepared."
Well it actually does mean that sometimes in my case but no problem. That's why I am here. Let me know if you would like me to explain some of the song lyrics from the rap artist "Fifty Cents" or maybe "Florida"
I believe my initial posting triggered a bit of a firestorm of responses. I don't think the original posting was well understood. I keep way less than 1 pound of scrap in my car to show others. That is hardly enough to make a dent in the load capacity of my vehicle, even if it is just an SUV.
Vehicle title not signed-does that still work for scrapping?
Interested in E scrapping where and how to start and getting material.


Air Fryer Garlic and Parmesan Green Bean Fries are the perfect snack to enjoy as you are cheering on your favorite sports team, at a party, or as a weeknight treat. With a handful of ingredients, you can whip up a batch of these air fryer green bean fries in a hurry! Pair with your favorite dipping sauce and dive in.
I have always seen fried green beans on the menus at restaurants but never felt like trying them. We are snowed in right now, and I got the craving for something crunchy and savory. I thought now is the perfect time to give a green bean fry a try! I got to work with garlic, parmesan, and panko bread crumbs, and magic happened.
These green bean fries blew me out of the water. I dipped mine in a sriracha mayo, but you could eat plain, use ranch, or whatever favorite dipping sauce you like. The Air Fryer offers a nice crunchy texture that gives it that fried taste, without the added oil. I almost feel like I didn't make enough, they were gobbled right up!
You can use your Ninja Foodi on the crisping lid, or feel free to cook these in the oven. I find the Air Fryer or Ninja Foodi gives it a more 'fried' texture over the oven, but in a pinch, you can use your oven.
When you use an air fryer you know the foods cook from a really high heat air that circulates within the device. You need to ensure that your green beans do not overlap or touch, so the hot air can circulate around every area of the bean. Doing this will allow you to have a crispy green bean fry all around.
If your beans overlap you will find inconsistency in texture. The areas that touch can become soggy and not get fully cooked. My biggest tip is to make sure you batch cook, so it is done properly.
Do you need More Ninja Foodi Recipes? Check out My Ninja Foodi Taco Pie, Or Blooming Onion, or Sparkles to Sprinkles Zucchini Chips.
Air Fryer Garlic and Parmesan Green Bean Fries are the perfect snack to enjoy as you are cheering on your favorite sports team, at a party, or as a weeknight treat. With a handful of ingredients, you can whip up a batch of these air fryer green bean fries in a hurry!
after dipping the beans in eggs Dip green beans in panko mix coat the green beans well.
Place in air fryer on 390 for 5 minutes or until golden brown.


Started as a side project during the Jefferson Airplane days, Hot Tuna is a psychedelic blues rock collaboration between guitarist Jorma Kaukonen and bassist Jack Casady. Both artists have been regarded as forces in American roots and rock music, and were honored with Grammy Lifetime Achievement Awards in 2016. They will perform an acoustic set at Liberty Hall on Wednesday, Dec. 12! Tickets go on sale this Friday, but Bridge listeners can purchase tickets starting Thursday, May 31, from 10 a.m. to 10 p.m., by using the password BRIDGE after clicking on this link or the poster below!


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3IPEP
Legal Challenges in International Investments, Indigenous Peoples and Environment Protection
3IPEP project
Riga Graduate School of Law
Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines
Summary of the project
Expected results and impact
Connected events
Global Environmental Litigation
Multilevel Governance of Natural Resources in the Arctic
Arctic Indigenous Peoples Law
Business and Natural Resources Rights
International Workshop in Versailles, France
Intensive study programs
Summer school in Riga, Latvia
Winter school in Rovaniemi, Finland
Clinic 3IPEP
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Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (France)
Riga Graduate School of Law (Latvia)
Lapland University (Finland)
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3IPEP Team
University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines:
Sandrine Clavel, Professor at the Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines / Paris Saclay, Honorary Dean of the Faculty of Law and Political Science, President of the Conference of Deans of Law and Political Science.
Her research and practice fields are Private International Law and Transnational Commercial Law, with a focus on international contracts, transnational inter-firms cooperation and international litigation and arbitration. She is now developing new research related to ethics in International Business Law. Sandrine is the general coordinator of the 3IPEP Project.
Patrick Jacob, Professor of Law at the University of Versailles-Saint-Quentin / Paris-Saclay, Vice-Dean in Charge of International Affairs.
He has taught in various institutions in France (Sciences Po, Paris-Dauphine, Strasbourg, etc.) and abroad (Monash, UC Louvain). He teaches public international law, with a special emphasis on international economic law and more precisely on international investment law and arbitration. He also intervenes in the Paris-Saclays's master program on Human rights law, in which he teaches the law of international responsibility. He has published various articles dealing with the law of international responsibility, international institutional law or international internet law.
Harald Schraeder, Director of the International Relations Department
He has been working since 2002 in the field of Higher Education Policy and Higher Education Administration. Harald's experience includes being policy advisor for Questions of Quality Assurance for the German Rectors' Conference, the Hochschulrektorenkonferenz (HRK). He was also a policy advisor in the French conference of University Rectors where he was a part of the group of French Bologna experts, advising all French Universities in the implementation of Bologna reforms, including QA. He has been the head of International Relations offices in various French Universities, and was actively involved in several international projects in the field of Internationalization of Higher Education. Harald left UVSQ in 2020.
Patrick Wold, Junior Project Manager in Charge of International Training Projects Department of International Relations at the Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines
He has a Bachelor degree in International Studies and History from the University of Alaska Anchorage and is currently pursuing a Master degree in European projects at the Université de Cergy-Pontoise. Patrick Wold is responsible for the coordination of european and international projects. Patrick Wold has been maanging the project until September 2020.
Riga Graduate School of Law:
Ineta Ziemele, President of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Latvia, Professor of Public International Law and Litigation at the European Court of Human Rights.
She is a full-time Professor of International Law at Riga Graduate School of Law. She has a PhD in Law from the University of Cambridge with a dissertation on State Continuity and Nationality in the Baltic States: International and Constitutional Law Issues. In 2012, she was elected as the President of a Chamber of the European Court of Human Rights. Since 2017, Ineta Ziemele serves as a President of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Latvia.
Ineta Ziemele has published books on international law and human rights in Latvia and abroad, has been an editor and co-author of books, and has written tens of articles. The research conducted by Ineta Ziemele covers an extensive range of international and constitutional law, and human rights.
Anastasija Kaplane, International Projects Manager
She is an International Projects Manager at Riga Graduate School of Law. She has a Bachelor degree in Law and Diplomacy. Anastasija is responsible for coordination of international projects, such as the Advanced and the Intensive Programme in European Law and Economics, Latvian Experience in Transparency and Anti-Corruption for Central Asia and Legal Challenges in International Investments, Indigenous Peoples and Environment Protection.
Gudmundur Alfredsson, Law Professor at the University of Akureyri and at the China University of Political Science and Law in Beijing, Editor-in-Chief of the Yearbook of Polar Law (with Timo Koivurova) and of the International Journal on Minority and Group Rights (both published by Brill).
He graduated from Harvard Law School in 1982. Gudmundur has been teaching at American University, the University of Greenland, the University of Lund, the Riga Graduate School of Law, and the University of Strasbourg. He was Director of the Raoul Wallenberg Institute of Human Rights in Lund (1995-2006), staff member with the UN Secretariat in New York and Geneva (1983-95, secretary of WGIP 1985-91), Chairman of the UN Working Group on Minorities (2006), member of the UN Sub-Commission for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights (2004-06), and chair of the expert meetings that drafted the Lund Recommendations on the Effective Participation of National Minorities in Public Affairs (OSCE 1998-99).
University of Lapland:
Soili Nysten Haarala, Professor at the University of Lapland and Dean of the Faculty of Law
She works as Professor of Commercial Law, especially Russian Commercial Law in the Faculty of Law of the University of Lapland since 2013. In 2017, she became the Dean. Earlier she worked as Professor of Civil Law at the University of Eastern Finland (2004-2012) as well as part time Professor of Legal Science at Luleå University of Technology in Sweden (2011-2016). Since 2003, Ms. Nystén-Haarala has led several international and multi-disciplinary research projects funded by the Academy of Finland, the Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation (Tekes) and the Finnish Cultural Foundation. Her field of interest covers international business law, proactive contracting and legal design, Russian law and governance of natural resources. Currently with her membership in the Fulbright Arctic Initiative Sustainable Economies research team, her main field of interest is comparing benefit sharing of resource extracting industries in the Arctic, as well as Native Alaskan Corporations as business and benefit sharing entities. She has numerous publications (about 100) on Russian law, natural resource governance as well as on contract law and proactive law.
Olga Pushina, Junior Researcher
She is a Junior Researcher and a PhD Student at the faculty of Law, University of Lapland. Her research focuses on the enforcement of the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights in the Russian Federation and protection of property rights to housing. She is a contact person of the University of Lapland's team, responsible for the administrative issues of the Project.
Ilari Hovila, Professor at the University of Lapland and Vice-Dean responsible for teaching and education
He is a Senior Lecturer (Environmental Law) at the Faculty of Law, University of Lapland. In the field of Environmental Law, he has specialized in land use and planning law and general doctrines of Environmental Law. He has recently studied e.g. legal instruments for planning large-scale environmental projects; status of everyman's right and use of common land. Dr. Hovila is the main responsible person of the Univeristy of Lapland's team in coordinating the teaching of the Project.
Tanja Joona, Doctor of Social Sciences, Associate Professor of Public International Law at the Faculty of Law of the University of Lapland
Tanja Joona has been working as a Senior researcher at the Arctic Centre of the University of Lapland (2000-2019). She also has a visiting associate professor position at the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) at the Arctic research Center (CER-Arctic) from 2018. Joona's main research interests are mainly focused on the Arctic region, with comparative legal and political aspects of indigenous Sámi society and especially issues dealing with traditional livelihoods, international human rights law and identity questions in the context of justice and equality. Her PhD (2012) dealt with the implementation of ILO Convention No. 169 concerning the rights of indigenous peoples and land use questions in the Nordic countries. Tanja Joona has published a significant amount of scientific peer reviewed articles and has participated in international conferences around the world.
For any question or suggestion regarding the project, please contact: 3IPEP.PROJECT@uvsq.fr
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3IPEP Project has been funded with support from the European Commission within ERASMUS+ Programme


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The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Slovakia:

Slovakia – landlocked sovereign country located in Central Europe.  Slovakia has a population of five and  a half million and an area of . Slovakia borders the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south. The capital Bratislava is its largest city.  It is a member of the European Union.

General reference

 Pronunciation:
 Common English country name:  Slovakia
 Official English country name:  The Slovak Republic
 Common endonym(s): Slovensko
 Official endonym(s): Slovenská republika
 Adjectival(s): Slovak
 Demonym(s): Slovaks
 Etymology: Name of Slovakia
 International rankings of Slovakia
 ISO country codes:  SK, SVK, 703
 ISO region codes:  See ISO 3166-2:SK
 Internet country code top-level domain:  .sk

Geography of Slovakia

 Slovakia is: a landlocked country
 Location:
 Northern Hemisphere and Eastern Hemisphere
 Eurasia
 Europe
 Central Europe
 Eastern Europe
 Time zone:  Central European Time (UTC+01), Central European Summer Time (UTC+02)
 Extreme points of Slovakia
 High:  Gerlachovský štít
 Low:  Bodrog
 Land boundaries:  1,474 km
 676 km
 420 km
 197 km
 91 km
 90 km
 Coastline:  none
 Population of Slovakia: 5,404,784 (June 30, 2008)  - 109th most populous country

 Area of Slovakia: 49,036 km2
 Atlas of Slovakia

Environment of Slovakia

 Climate of Slovakia
 Renewable energy in Slovakia
 Geology of Slovakia
 Protected areas of Slovakia
 Biosphere reserves in Slovakia
 National parks of Slovakia
 Wildlife of Slovakia
 Fauna of Slovakia
 Birds of Slovakia
 Mammals of Slovakia

Natural geographic features of Slovakia

 Glaciers of Slovakia
 Islands of Slovakia
 Lakes of Slovakia
 Mountains of Slovakia
 Volcanoes in Slovakia
 Rivers of Slovakia
 Waterfalls of Slovakia
 Valleys of Slovakia
 World Heritage Sites in Slovakia

Regions of Slovakia

Ecoregions of Slovakia

List of ecoregions in Slovakia
 Ecoregions in Slovakia

Administrative divisions of Slovakia

Administrative divisions of Slovakia
 Regions of Slovakia
 Districts of Slovakia

Regions of Slovakia

Regions of Slovakia

Districts of Slovakia

Districts of Slovakia

Demography of Slovakia

Demographics of Slovakia

Government and politics of Slovakia

Politics of Slovakia
 Form of government: parliamentary representative democratic republic
 Capital of Slovakia: Bratislava
 Elections in Slovakia

 Political parties in Slovakia

 Political scandals of Slovakia

Branches of the government of Slovakia

Government of Slovakia

Executive branch of the government of Slovakia
 Head of state: President of Slovakia,
 Head of government: Prime Minister of Slovakia,
 Cabinet of Slovakia

Legislative branch of the government of Slovakia
 Parliament of Slovakia (unicameral)

Judicial branch of the government of Slovakia

Court system of Slovakia
 Supreme Court of Slovakia
 Constitutional Court of Slovakia

Foreign relations of Slovakia

Foreign relations of Slovakia
 Diplomatic missions in Slovakia
 Diplomatic missions of Slovakia

International organization membership
The Slovak Republic is a member of:

Australia Group
Bank for International Settlements (BIS)
Black Sea Economic Cooperation Zone (BSEC) (observer)
Central European Initiative (CEI)
Confederation of European Paper Industries (CEPI)
Council of Europe (CE)
Council of the Baltic Sea States (CBSS) (observer)
Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC)
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD)
European Investment Bank (EIB)
European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)
European Union (EU)
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
International Criminal Court (ICCt)
International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol)
International Development Association (IDA)
International Energy Agency (IEA)
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRCS)
International Finance Corporation (IFC)
International Labour Organization (ILO)
International Maritime Organization (IMO)
International Mobile Satellite Organization (IMSO)
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
International Olympic Committee (IOC)
International Organization for Migration (IOM)
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (ICRM)
International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC)

Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU)
Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA)
Nonaligned Movement (NAM) (guest)
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA)
Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG)
Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (OIF) (observer)
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE)
Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW)
Organization of American States (OAS) (observer)
Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA)
Schengen Convention
Southeast European Cooperative Initiative (SECI) (observer)
United Nations (UN)
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)
United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP)
United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO)
Universal Postal Union (UPU)
Western European Union (WEU) (associate partner)
World Confederation of Labour (WCL)
World Customs Organization (WCO)
World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU)
World Health Organization (WHO)
World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)
World Trade Organization (WTO)
Zangger Committee (ZC)

Law and order in Slovakia

Law of Slovakia
 Capital punishment in Slovakia
 Constitution of Slovakia
 Crime in Slovakia
 Human rights in Slovakia
 LGBT rights in Slovakia
 Freedom of religion in Slovakia
 Law enforcement in Slovakia
 Slovak mafia
 Prisons in Slovakia

Military of Slovakia

Military of Slovakia
 Command
 Commander-in-chief:
 Ministry of Defence of Slovakia
 Forces
 Army of Slovakia
 Navy of Slovakia
 Air Force of Slovakia
 Special forces of Slovakia
 Military ranks of Slovakia

Local government in Slovakia

Local government in Slovakia

History of Slovakia

History of Slovakia
 Timeline of the history of Slovakia
 Current events of Slovakia
 Economic history of Slovakia
 Military history of Slovakia

Culture of Slovakia

Culture of Slovakia
 Architecture of Slovakia
 Cuisine of Slovakia
 Festivals in Slovakia
 Languages of Slovakia
 Media in Slovakia
 Museums in Slovakia
 National symbols of Slovakia
 Coat of arms of Slovakia
 Flag of Slovakia
 National anthem of Slovakia
 People of Slovakia
 Prostitution in Slovakia
 Public holidays in Slovakia
 Records of Slovakia
 Religion in Slovakia
 Buddhism in Slovakia
 Christianity in Slovakia
 Hinduism in Slovakia
 Islam in Slovakia
 Judaism in Slovakia
 Sikhism in Slovakia
 World Heritage Sites in Slovakia

Art in Slovakia
 Art in Slovakia
 Cinema of Slovakia
 Literature of Slovakia
 Music of Slovakia
 Television in Slovakia
 Theatre in Slovakia

Sports in Slovakia

Sport in Slovakia
 Football in Slovakia
 Slovakia at the Olympics

Economy and infrastructure of Slovakia

Economy of Slovakia
 Economic rank, by nominal GDP (2007): 56th (fifth-sixth)
 Agriculture in Slovakia
 Banking in Slovakia
 National Bank of Slovakia
 Communications in Slovakia
 Internet in Slovakia
 Companies of Slovakia
Currency of Slovakia: Euro (see also: Euro topics)
ISO 4217: EUR
 Economic history of Slovakia
 Energy in Slovakia
 Energy policy of Slovakia
 Oil industry in Slovakia
 Health care in Slovakia
 Mining in Slovakia
 Slovakia Stock Exchange
 Tourism in Slovakia
 Transport in Slovakia
 Airports in Slovakia
 Rail transport in Slovakia
 Roads in Slovakia
 Water supply and sanitation in Slovakia

Education in Slovakia

Education in Slovakia

See also

Slovakia
Index of Slovakia-related articles
List of international rankings
List of Slovakia-related topics
Member state of the European Union
Member state of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Member state of the United Nations
Outline of Europe
Outline of geography

References

External links

 General
 The Slovak Republic Government Office
 Google satellite map of Slovakia

 Statistics
 CIA World Factbook - Slovakia
 Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic

 News
 The Slovak Spectator, English-speaking news magazine
 Slovakia today, English-language online newspaper

Slovakia
Outline

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