I specialise in Stress, Anxiety, Depression, Couples Counselling, Relationship issues, Low Self-Esteem, Lack of Confidence/Self-Belief & Anger Management. Life can be very challenging at times, talking to an experienced, non-judgemental, empathic, caring professional can help you to overcome life's challenges. I am passionate about empowering people and helping them to make positive changes to their lives.
I OFFER A FREE 20 MINUTE INTRODUCTION AND ASSESSMENT CONSULTATION. This gives you the opportunity to meet me free of charge to help you to decide if I am the right counsellor for you.
I will listen carefully to the issues you are experiencing, how this is making you feel and the affect this is having on your life. We will then work together to help you to understand and overcome these issues and the challenges they are creating in your life. I will support you throughout the counselling process as you work through these difficulties and start to make positive changes to your life.
I provide a calm relaxed atmosphere where we will explore the issues and challenges that you are currently experiencing, whether they are related to the present day or a past experience.
I provide professional, confidential, caring, empathic, non-judgemental support for individuals, couples & families in a warm, comfortable, safe environment.
I also work for companies/organisations who provide counselling for their staff.
I have had some amazing results using Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) with many of my clients. If you have not heard of EFT therapy and would like to know more about this therapy please do not hesitate to contact me for more information.
I trained as a person-centred counsellor, however I also use all the skills and techniques acquired from my additional training to give the best service I possibly can to my clients.
I am also a qualified hypnotherapist/psychotherapist & an Advanced Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) Practitioner.
I cover a very wide range of issues, please see list below.
I have over 15 years experience working with clients between the ages of 16-85 covering an extremely wide range of issues.
I am a member of BACP and I work to their code of ethics.
I work with individuals, couples & families. I also work for companies/organisations.
During my training I set up a placement at Wythenshawe Hospital Transplant Centre. I provided free counselling for patients who had received an organ transplant or whom were on the waiting list to receive an organ transplant. Counselling had never been offered to these patients before. I felt very privileged to be allowed to work with these people, I admired their courage and strength and found the work extremely rewarding.
I find all the work I do with clients rewarding. In fact I named my practice Before & After Therapies, because I feel my greatest reward is seeing the difference in my clients from when they arrive for their first session Before therapy begins and when they leave their last session After therapy ends.
I also worked as a volunteer counsellor for Age Concern for 4 years. This involved visiting clients & providing counselling in their own homes. This work was also very rewarding as I helped older people to regain their confidence and make positive changes to their lives. During this time I also helped to run group sessions for people suffering from depression with the counselling manager at Age Concern.
Disability, Health related issues, Emotional problems, Panic attacks, Weight management, Smoking.
Many years ago I had counselling myself when I was experiencing a very challenging time in my life. The counselling experience was both very helpful and also very enlightening.
I had been feeling for sometime that there was something better for me to do in life rather than the career I was in at the time. After my counselling sessions ended I decided to go back to college to train to become a counsellor. It was the best decision I have ever made both professionally and personally. I love the work I do, it is the most rewarding job I have ever done. I honestly feel I have found my vocation in life.
I also feel that having experienced being a client in counselling helps me to understand and empathise with my clients far more than someone who has not experienced being sat in the clients chair. Counselling helped me to get through a very difficult period in my life. I have never looked back since qualifying as a counsellor, I enjoy helping people to overcome their life challenges and I gain a wonderful sense of fulfillment from the work I do as a counsellor.
I work between the hours of 11am - 8pm Monday - Thursday & 11am - 7pm Friday. I also work Saturdays as & when required. I offer a free 20 minute introduction and assessment consultation.


text:
When myths take on an air of authenticity, society is in danger.
A low budget film about the Prophet made in the US was blamed for inciting riots in the Middle East including the storming of the American embassy in Benghazi and the death of the Ambassador. Let's put aside for one moment the underlying politics of who made the film and why. The entire incident raises some big ideological issues that come up repeatedly pertaining to violence, freedom of speech, and the right to offend. Namely, that Muslims are offended by everything and can't take criticism. Muslims are intrinsically violent. Muslims aren't like us, and need a proper education. This is just about religion and blasphemy which Europe managed to get rid of in the Enlightenment several centuries ago. These are myths.
There are other myths. The myth of 'creeping shariah' persists: that the overarching goal for Muslims is to impose shariah law wherever they go, and that by 2030 Muslims will apparently make up the entire population of the UK. That Eurabia is a real country. That Muslims are all planning their Islamification strategies. And everyone's favourite myth, that Muslim women are oppressed and it's because the Qur'an and the Prophet say so. Honour killings are, of course, the fault of Muslims, failing to mention that this is part of the same heartbreaking story of violence against women that includes the death of two women in the UK each week at the hands of their partners.
So how should such myths be tackled? Facts, oft-repeated facts, in the voice of calm, reasonable logic. Take the myth that Muslims have can never be patriotic to their country.  Here are some facts.
In 2006, CNN-IBN-Hindustan Times conducted a survey of 29 Indian states, and concluded that Muslims suffered under a "myth of extra-territorial loyalty", pointing to the fact that all but two per cent of Muslims said they were "proud" or "very proud" of being Indian. Levels of pride in being Indian were almost identical between Hindus and Muslims.
In 2009, the Coexist Index published by the Coexist Foundation in conjunction with Gallup found that 86% of British Muslims said they were loyal to the UK compared with just 36% of the wider population. In Germany, the figures were 40% versus 32% and in France, the two groups were about the same at 52% versus 55%.
Or what about the myth that all Muslims are terrorists?
According to Europol's EU Terrorism Situation and Trend Report, out of 249 terrorist attacks carried out in the EU in 2010, only three were related to Muslims.
A January 2011 report on terrorism statistics based on publicly available data from bodies such as the FBI and other US crime agencies concluded that terrorism by Muslim Americans to date had accounted for a minority of terrorist plots since 9/11.
What all this points to is myth serving as propaganda, the goal of which is inciting violence and hatred. In the USA recently, celebrity Islamophobe Pamela Geller sponsored adverts to be posted on New York subway platforms saying, "In any war between the civilized man and the savage, support the civilized man. Support Israel. Defeat Jihad."
If the adverts weren't so putrid with hatred, they would be impressive for the number of myths they manage to pack into so few words.
The United Methodist Women sponsored adverts to be posted side by side with these saying: "Hate speech is not civilized. Support peace in word and deed." Rabbis for Human Rights-North America posted adverts saying: "In the choice between love and hate, choose love." And the Christian group Sojourners have bought signs to say: "Love your Muslim neighbours."
What is heartening—and the other plank of countering myths—is the solidarity shown across multiple sectors of the US public in tackling such raving nonsense.
We all need to make such efforts because once myths take hold they are pernicious, long lasting and divisive. What we need is persistence, solidarity and most of all, facts, to counter the fear and ignorance upon which myths are built. l
Shelina is the author
of Love in a Headscarf,
and writes a blog at
www.spirit21.co.uk
Authors Faisal Al-Yafai Dilwar Hussain Ziauddin Sardar Shelina Janmohammed Dawud Bone Shami Chakrabarti Dr Joel Hayward Nahla Al-Ageli

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Home Technology Jazz Offers Digital Pakistan Fellowship Program to Fatima Jinnah Women University
Jazz Offers Digital Pakistan Fellowship Program to Fatima Jinnah Women University
Ariba Raza
The students at Fatima Jinnah Women University (FJWU), the nation's first public women's university, are now eligible for the Digital Pakistan Fellowship Program through Jazz, Pakistan's top digital operator and a member of the VEON Group. The Fellowship aims to involve young people in an insightful discussion about tech-based innovation. Participants will gain technical knowledge from it, enabling them to play a key role in developing the creative economy based on the story of the Digital Pakistan.
The same goal drove Jazz to establish this fellowship programme at the National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST).
A ceremony and Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between Jazz and FJWU were held at the university to celebrate this development. Jazz's dedication to promoting innovation-led sustainable growth in Pakistan is reiterated through this industry-academia relationship. Additionally, the fellowship programme will expose participating students to the complexities of tech journalism.
Speaking at the signing ceremony, Jazz CEO, Aamir Ibrahim, said, "Positively impacting the lives and livelihoods of women is at the heart of everything we do at Jazz. We are always creating new avenues of growth for women and through this partnership, we hope to encourage more women to participate in the tech-based discourse in the country."
Jazz's partnership with FJWU is evidence of the telco's dedication to promoting digital inclusion and advancing national growth. Jazz contributes to the following Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations through this fellowship programme: SDGs 5 and 10 deal with reduced inequality, industry, innovation, and infrastructure, respectively.
https://www.brandsynario.com/


text:
Charlie's Thai Inspired by Mum
As a young man working alongside his mother in her Bangkok restaurant. Saree Chaimusik discovered his passion for food. The owner and head chef of Charlie's Sala Thai Restaurant in Greenway said he "learnt a lot" from his mother." She really taught me the technical side of cooking and a lot of my sauces were her recipes," he said.
After a holiday in Australia, Mr Chaimusik decided to return to live in 1986. I started as an apprentice and then worked my way to head chef. In July 2003, Charlie and his wife Wandee opened their own restaurant with a name inspired my his nickname. When I first arrived in Australia no-one could pronounce my name and they ended up calling me Charlie. I thought, oh that's a nice name and it's a lot more Australian.
Without his wife, Mr Chaimusik said the restaurant would not be able to function. She works really hard in the kitchen and out the front. We really enjoy working together because we get to spend time together and she helps me think of new recipes. The best ingredients and exceptional service have been essential to the success of Charlie's restaurant.
I like to make the customers feel comfortable and at home. I am very friendly and I treat them like a family. That's why so many customers keep coming back.
After more than 20 years as a chef, My Chaimusik said he still loves cooking for other people. I feel really happy when customers send their compliments to the chef. I also like learning different styles of cooking. We go to the national Thai Food Fair and the National Multicultural Festival every year and we are very popular there.
As proof of the excellent cuisine at Charlie's, the Thai restaurant was named best in the ACT and Southern NSW in the 2008 ActewAGL Restaurant and catering Awards.


Sabra Billups, a food science graduate student, has won the $2,000 grand prize in the third annual Oklahoma State University President's Fellows Grand Three Minute Challenge (3MC).
The grand challenge pits the top student competitors from earlier contests on campus against each other to present their thesis (Three Minute Thesis®) or presentation (Three Minute Presentation) quickly and clearly, while keeping the audience's attention.
Billups won with her presentation "Antimicrobial Ice Sanitation." In the process of competing, she also refined valuable skills that will help further her career.
The 3MC College Participation Traveling Trophy went to the Center for Veterinary Health Sciences for the second year in a row. The trophy recognizes the college with the highest percentage of their students participating in the OSU 3MT® and 3MP competitions.
The 3MC is sponsored by the OSU President's Fellows, a unique society of passionate and loyal OSU alumni and supporters. This group supports the larger priorities of the university through the leadership of President Burns Hargis and provides resources that allow projects and initiatives related to the ongoing transformation of the OSU campuses.
An addition to this year's event was the presentation of the Three Minute Idea (3MI) awards video contest. The 3MI, which is sponsored by Richard Cochran, is the newest addition to the three minutes challenges at OSU. Students submitted a three-minute video describing their research or subject of interest.
Christine Fuston won the Judge's Choice Award with her video "Why Coming Out Is Important," and Ayantika Sen won the People's Choice Award for her "Role of Estrogen in Protecting Against Urinary Tract Infections" video. Each received a $500 prize.
The 3MC is coordinated by the OSU Graduate College, where the goal is for every graduate student to acquire the skill of explaining what they do as practitioners of their graduate education and its relevance to furthering the public good by participating in a 3MT® or 3MP competition during their graduate studies at OSU concluding with the President's Fellows Grand Three Minute Challenge. Videos of individual presentation can be viewed online by going to OStateTV (https://ostate.tv) and entering "2018 3MC" in the search option.


Being tempted. Stay with MacBook Pro?
Discussion in 'MacBook Pro' started by kjvmartin, Oct 11, 2016.
My family is heavy into the Apple ecosystem. We have a 64gb photos library on MBD SSD, time capsule backup, 66 iTunes movies, Apple TV, 2 iPhone 7s, and my wife uses an iPad mini 2 on the road.
The problem is, if you switch to the MacBook Pro, the best GPU you can get (R9 M370X) is far weaker than GTX 1070, it's even weaker than the GT 945M released years ago. The rumored Polaris GPUs that are coming will be stronger - but they are still weaker than the card you're having.
And to get that MBP model, you'll need to spend 2500, which is twice the price you spend on the ROG. MacBook is never meant to be for gaming. You spend lots of cash, then you also have to spend $100 for a copy of Windows.
If you really want to keep OSX, I suggest buying an MBA/MBP 13"/MB 12" which you can use on the road. Keep the ROG for gaming purposes.
The ideal setup for me is a Windows desktop where I can do heavy tasks + gaming; a light Mac for traveling; an iPad for reading/entertainment and an iPhone.
If all you use your laptop for is playing games, then a WinDoze laptop might be better. That said, be prepared for culture shock. Windows 10 can be a pain.
Wait and see what Apple release this month then decide. Games will run better on windows though and migrating photos should be a doddle. You can download iTunes and use it as normal with iOS devices for syncing etc.
send the rog back the xbox seems like it will do fine enough for your gamking needs. and the other games will most likly have mac ports at a later date.
I returned the ROG. I can't get used to a non-glossy screen.


SINT MAARTEN (PHILIPSBURG) - Forty employees took NV GEBE up on its offer to attend a two-day First Aid training, the utility company announced on Monday.
The intense training was executed by WIEMS and the participating employees were taught to administer CPR, the use of an AED, and assist in other first aid required situations.
NV GEBE has been offering the training to its employees since the late 90s and the interest remains high, according to Chief Executive Officer Kenrick Chittick. Chittick stated that the "importance of this training is enormous as it equips persons with the skills to provide first aid assistance to colleagues that may require treatment on the job and to any other persons within the community that may find themselves in an unfortunate situation requiring first aid."
The Managing Board congratulates the new First Aid certified employees.


provides online coupons, online shopping, discount codes, price drops for automotive, clothing, computers, gifts, electronics, health, jewelry.
With CoupoNinjas you will be able to save up to 70% on your next online shopping. We provide high quality coupon codes and great deals. No more overpaying. Start saving today!
Palladium rings dealer: We offer high quality preset Palladium rings competitive prices. 100% secure online shopping experience.
Nichesuite an e-business solution that scales up with your growing needs, this e solution offers an easy way to consolidate user reviews, expert viewpoint and analyst comments, apart from drastically reducing turnaround times to set up your e-business. NicheSuite is a future-ready solution that meets your needs of today and the demands of tomorrow.


Currently I am working as Research associate in Bioinformatics Group at Department of Computer Sciences, University College of London, under Prof. David T Jones. I am working on the development of a web based tool for predicting protein-protein interactions. I have done Ph.D under Prof. B. Jayaram (Head, School of Biological Sciences) from Chemistry Department, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India. I have worked on the Sanjeevini software.Sanjeevini software has been developed to provide a computational pathway for automating lead design.


As humans we all make mistakes and parents are no different. They too are new to handling a child so they are also likely to make mistakes. However, some of these mistakes can have a great effect on the child which could be bad for their future. So here are few mistakes every parent should avoid making.
Education is very important and is truly the ladder to all kinds of success. A parent needs to tell their child why education is important and encourage them to work harder. If you don't show any interest on your child's academic work then he/she will neglect too which could have a negative effect in their future. So try your best to make them study, you could even teach them the subject yourself or send them to experienced tutors. However, it is also important to keep in mind that not everyone is good in studies, people have different talents so just because your child failed a grade doesn't mean you punish them or force him/her to study every single day. This could affect their mental health and in worst cases lead to suicides. So let your child explore his/her talent and support them in best possible way.
Another mistake parents make is that sometimes they encourage their kids to only study without taking part in any kind of extra-curricular activities. This is bad because such activities teach your kids a lot of things which classroom or books cannot teach such as how to communicate better, team work and sportsmanship. Moreover, it also ensures that your child is active. So if you haven't enrolled your child to any of the activities then do it right now, you could checkout group swimming lessons Singapore this is conducted by group of experts so your child is in safe hands. They have got different age groups so choose accordingly.
This is one of the biggest mistakes that not just parents but all of us make as human beings. If you want people to look up to you then you have to practice what you preach. Your kid isn't going to look up to you or even listen to you if you ask them to not watch TV but do it yourself. Kids often imitate their parents and look up to their parents, so you need to set a good example.
Lastly, not taking care of yourself enough is also bad. You can't always put your kids first and don't spend time on yourself. In order to take care of them you have to be mentally stable, so do pamper yourself and practice things like yoga because every parent needs that.


text:
Frederic Remington: The Hogg Brothers Collection
By Emily Ballew Neff (Author), Wynne H. Phelan (Author)
This handsome and generously illustrated book showcases the most important works from this collection--including paintings, works on paper, and a bronze sculpture--establishing each within its appropriate historical, cultural, and political contexts. Drawing on unpublished archival information, the book discusses Remington's spectacular rise to fame as a popular illustrator who mythologized the experience of westward expansion and whose works created the enduring American cowboy archetype, while chronicling the rapidly disappearing Native American cultures. Later paintings in the collection, such as The Call for Help and Episode of the Buffalo Gun, which display rich colors and a bravura brushstroke, are considered anew in the context of previous technical achievement, including works by the French Impressionists.
The book begins with an introductory essay about Will Hogg--a contemporary of Remington and one of Houston's most prominent businessmen and philanthropists. In 1943, after the deaths of Will and his brother Mike, their sister Ima donated the works by Remington--in accordance with their wishes--to the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston. This essay is followed by twenty-two catalogue entries of the most important works in the collection and a conservation essay that details fascinating new information on Remington's technique. The book concludes with an illustrated checklist of all forty-one works by Remington in the Hogg Brothers Collection. / Emily Ballew Neff is Curator of American Painting and Sculpture at the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston. Her publications include John Singleton Copley in England. Wynne H. Phelan is Director of Conservation at the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston."
This handsome and generously illustrated book showcases the most important works from this collection--including paintings, works on paper, and a bronze sculpture--establishing each within its appropriate historical, cultural, and political contexts. Drawing on unpublished archival information, the book discusses Remington's spectacular rise to fame as a popular illustrator who mythologized the experience of westward expansion and whose works created the enduring American cowboy archetype, while chronicling the rapidly disappearing Native American cultures. Later paintings in the collection, such as The Call for Help and Episode of the Buffalo Gun, which display rich colors and a bravura brushstroke, are considered anew in the context of previous technical achievement, including works by the French Impressionists. The book begins with an introductory essay about Will Hogg--a contemporary of Remington and one of Houston's most prominent businessmen and philanthropists. In 1943, after the deaths of Will and his brother Mike, their sister Ima donated the works by Remington--in accordance with their wishes--to the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston. This essay is followed by twenty-two catalogue entries of the most important works in the collection and a conservation essay that details fascinating new information on Remington's technique. The book concludes with an illustrated checklist of all forty-one works by Remington in the Hogg Brothers Collection. / Emily Ballew Neff is Curator of American Painting and Sculpture at the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston. Her publications include John Singleton Copley in England. Wynne H. Phelan is Director of Conservation at the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston."


The camera is a means of communication.
At Blackfriars Settlement I worked with the Crusoe Club for the elderly visually impaired, a group from the Work Centre and the Youth Group at the Living Space at Waterloo.
With each group we created an informal studio with drapes, lights, props and cameras where they could explore being both in front of and behind the camera, creating the kind of portraits that were how they wanted to be seen. The camera is a medium format camera and the pictures are black and white, this was important as generally everyone thought that this made it different from the disposable cameras that I gave them to take away and take photographs in their own environment, these are shown as group collages.
I also visited them at home and took photographs of them in their own environments and was fascinated by their own photograph albums.


text:
Gerrit Moddejonge (Enschede, 3 november 1928 – 1 november 2019) was een Nederlands voetballer die in de jaren veertig en vijftig van de 20e eeuw uitkwam voor Sportclub Enschede. Ter onderscheid van oudere broer Henny Moddejonge, die eveneens voor SC Enschede speelde, werd hij meestal Moddejonge Junior of 't Klène genoemd.

Loopbaan
De 1 meter en 60 centimeter kleine rechtsbuiten Moddejonge jr. speelde bij SC Enschede onder meer samen met Hennie Möring, Abe Lenstra en de Duitser Helmut Rahn. In 1954 maakte hij de overgang naar het betaald voetbal in Nederland mee. In seizoen 1957/58 greep hij met SC Enschede net naast het landskampioenschap, toen in een beslissingswedstrijd met 1–0 van DOS verloren werd. Een doelpunt van Moddejonge werd in deze wedstrijd afgekeurd, waarna DOS in blessuretijd de beslissende treffer maakte.

In augustus 1959 werd hij door Sportclub Enschede geruild met Pierre Kerkhoffs van de Enschedese Boys. Voor deze ploeg kwam hij nog enkele jaren uit in de Eerste divisie. Na zijn actieve voetballoopbaan was hij trainer van verschillende amateurverenigingen in Twente, zoals Avanti, Wilhelminaschool en KOSC.

Gerrit Moddejonge overleed in 2019 op 91-jarige leeftijd. Daar werd op uitdrukkelijk verzoek van hemzelf geen ruchtbaarheid aan gegeven.

Carrièrestatistieken

Zie ook
 Lijst van spelers van Sportclub Enschede
 Lijst van spelers van Enschedese Boys

Nederlands voetballer

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Here's how kids can stay safe this school year during the delta variant surge
Millions of students are heading back to school with a challenge they didn't have to face last year. The more contagious delta variant is fueling a nationwide COVID-19 surge that's sending younger people to hospitals — including children.
BACK TO SCHOOL Resources for Schools and Districts: Key School Safety Elements and Topics to Consider
The Maine Department of Education reports that The U.S. Department of Education (USED) has created an informational one-page document that includes key school safety elements and topics for schools to consider this year, including Bullying and Cyberbullying, Mental Health, Threat Assessment and Reporting, School Climate, Emergency Planning, Physical Security, and COVID-19.
Safety expert: Copycat threats are likely with more Maine schools closing due to threats
More than half a dozen Maine schools have dealt with a spate of threats in the last two weeks — leading some to call off classes for the day. It's a trend that's expected to continue.
(-) Pre-K/Elementary School (3)
Emergency Readiness and Management (2)
Physical Safety (1)


We all need a clean and well maintained environment around us in order to live a happy and well organised life. Keeping our home in a good condition is an integral part of our every day life and is a must. Our company has created Regular Cleaning services in order to help you maintain the neatness and organisation of your house, flat or even your office. We have dedicated our long term experience and efforts in exactly this direction, because we understand how important the need is to have cleanliness and order around us.
The cleaning lady that visits my home every week helps me with all my domestic chores. Thanks!!
Thanks to Prompt Cleaners my home is always clean and tidy!
We also understand that letting someone in you property is a very responsible and major task. That is why our team of professional Housekeeping cleaners have been strictly chosen and carefully checked. All of them have full insurance and have been thoroughly vetted. Above all they have been especially trained so that they can deliver only the most highly professional jobs and achieve the most efficient results. There will be nothing to worry about when you decide to entrust your property in their hands. So do not hesitate and call us any time you want. We work 7 days a week and are ready to be at your service any time. Ring now to get your personalised offer that will be especially designed to fit your schedule or budget.
All our cleaners are experienced, trained and vetted.
The cleaners are trustworthy and you have nothing to worry about.
They will come in a time convenient to yourself.
We know how personal this service is so what we offer you is to have one and the same cleaner every time. We can come every week, every two weeks or several times a week. This really depends on your needs and requirements. The cleaner will clean and tidy up the whole property, leaving it immaculately neat and tidy for when you come home. The housekeeping professional will cover of course whatever tasks you have and even help you with all the choruses that are pending and maybe you do not have the time for. So except for cleaning, hoovering, dusting, moping and scrubbing everywhere, the cleaner may do some ironing, change the linen and empty the bins. After our regular visit the whole place will shine and will be immaculately clean and tidy. No boring and tiresome tasks will be there for you to take care of and you can just relax in your peaceful and orderly home.
Maybe you have never had a cleaning lady for example who can help you with the home work and clean the house for you. So then this is the right time to give it a try. We have no contacts or any other obligations that will tie you down with our company. You can call us and book a cleaner know and just see how it goes. We can ensure you that you will be more than enchanted with the results and with our friendly staff. They are all smiley and ready to cover all the tasks that you have for them. You can trust them completely and rely on them, because they will turn to be not only your maids, but your friends as well.


* Champion of the Honorguard now properly locks players to the instance when killed.
* Kyllikki's minions should now wait a short period after spawning before they attack players.
* 'Talon Sweep' should no longer cause multiple knockbacks.
* Adds now despawn on encounter reset.
* Chill Crawler Shadowbearers now have casting animations.
* Wing 3 is now open, featuring Athyr-Bast the Shadow Master and Leviathus.
* The Cursed Treasure of Constantius quest should now update correctly.
* Minions of the Living Stone quest can now be updated without killing the bosses twice.
* Enemies now patrol and attack as intended throughout all Wings.
* Blood-Fused Black Ring Gargoyle should now drop Gargoyle Dust.
* 'Petrify' effect will be removed when the Blood-Fused Black Ring Gargoyle is defeated.
* 'Shatter Stone' spell now has an icon.
* Master of Gargoyles quest now has the correct waypoint for Yaremka, Eater of Souls.
* Added a particle effect when Yaremka enrages.
* Sabazios' adds now do poison damage.
* Sabazios' poison invulnerability debuff will no longer be cast on the main hate target.
* Ahazu-Zagam will no longer try to attack dead players or players outside his room.
* Ahazu-Verin will now use a ranged fallback spell when they fail to reach their targets.
* The entrance door now properly opens after being defeated by Ahazu-Zagam.
* Incubus and Succubus will no longer attack each other.
* Added a particle effect when 'Incubated' spawns a Campion.
* Fixed problematic collision in the Incubus and Succubus encounter.
* Incubus and Succubus no longer try to attack dead players.
* Incubus' spell 'Inertia' now has an icon.
* Seruah now has two new spells. Adds no longer evade when they can't reach their target. Fixed an issue where 'Ripped From Within' triggered when it was not supposed to.
* Reduced the area of effect of Dusk Fiend's 'Ghostly Rain' and gave affected players a 5 second immunity when hit.
* Changed the name of Chatha's root spell to 'Unnatural Atrophy'. It now targets a random soldier within range.
* Added a particle effect when Chatha changes into demon form.
* Renamed Chatha's single target knockback in phase 2 to "Savage Toss".
* Reduced the power of the 'Strength in Numbers' spell and visualized the source of the buff with a particle effect.
So.. according what it reads about chatha, it was NOT on TL last night.
it was same fucked up encounter as it's been on live.
No root from Chatha, only slow..
no visual effect from source of SiN, None Reduced power in SiN either.
some new updates to the recent patch at the TestLive server forums..
* Enough Seal Fragments should now drop from the Picts in the Slaughterhouse Cellar for players to handily finish this quest in one run.
* Seruah should now both reset and die properly.
* Seruah should now properly use her "Ripped from Within" ability.
* The spawn rate of Seruah's adds has been reduced.
* Seruah's adds no longer spawn after she has been killed.
* The Chatha encounter has been toned down slightly.
* Terrors of Tartaros should now correctly attack players.
this is just the part that has something to do with raids and new instances.
Well i hope we get chat down soon i cant take this any more, browsing the net for tact and videos but nothing.
will be fairly nerfed, I think it will be on par with the old Seruah.
More updates to Patch 1.04, Game Director said that these will hit live servers next week..
* Black Ring Citadel: Fixed an issue which caused Chatha to not reset properly.
* NPCs will be slightly more responsive when returning from cc abilities like stun or knockback.
* Xibaluku: Balko now defends himself more intelligently.
* Xibaluku: The Defender of Acheron now defends himself more intelligently.
* Seruah : Increased the strength of Astral Force.
* Seruah : Fixed a bug where the encounter wouldn't reset and terminate properly.
* Seruah : Seruah should no longer try to attack players outside her room.
* Seruah : Fixed a bug which decreased the spawn rate of Seruah's adds.
* Seruah : Fixed an issue which caused Seruah to not use her "Ripped from Within" ability when she was supposed to.
these are just the fixes coming to raids and Xibaluku instance.
The EU servers will come down for a small Update (1.04.3) on Tuesday, 10th March at 06:00 GMT. The downtime is scheduled to last around 6 hours.
* Fixed the cause of a crash.
* Your character's head should no longer disappear on the character selection screen when wearing certain helmets.
* Repositioned some siege camps in the Gardak battlekeep to prevent attackers hitting the keep with multiple siege weapons.
* Defenders should properly learn their resurrection point.
* Disabled Guildwar PvP on PvE servers (outside Border Kingdoms).
* Athyr-Bast - Shadow Imp Lord should now properly despawn when Athyr-Bast is killed.
* Chatha - Fixed a bug which caused Chatha to reset when a player falls through the floor.
* Incubus & Succubus - Fixed a bug which caused the instance to remain locked when wiping in the Incubus/Succubus encounter.
* Raid and group bosses will no longer be rooted when charged.
theres nothing to nerf mate could use a buff tbh, fix the stun to not to break from a fart..


text:
"use strict";

var array = require("./array.js");
var primitive = require("./primitive.js");
var utils = require("./utils.js");

/**
  ### Arbitrary strings
*/

function fromCode(code) {
  return String.fromCharCode(code);
}

function toCode(c) {
  return c.charCodeAt(0);
}

/**
  - `char: arbitrary char` — Single character
*/
var char = primitive.nat(0xff).smap(fromCode, toCode);

/**
  - `asciichar: arbitrary char` — Single ascii character (0x20-0x7e inclusive, no DEL)
*/
var asciichar = primitive.integer(0x20, 0x7e).smap(fromCode, toCode);

/**
  - `string: arbitrary string`
*/
var string = array.array(char).smap(utils.charArrayToString, utils.stringToCharArray);

/**
  - `nestring: arbitrary string` — Generates strings which are not empty.
*/
var nestring = array.nearray(char).smap(utils.charArrayToString, utils.stringToCharArray);

/**
  - `asciistring: arbitrary string`
*/
var asciistring = array.array(asciichar).smap(utils.charArrayToString, utils.stringToCharArray);

/**
  - `asciinestring: arbitrary string`
*/
var asciinestring = array.nearray(asciichar).smap(utils.charArrayToString, utils.stringToCharArray);

module.exports = {
  char: char,
  asciichar: asciichar,
  string: string,
  nestring: nestring,
  asciistring: asciistring,
  asciinestring: asciinestring,
};

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
StatisticsSTATISTICS F/BUSINESS+ECONOMICS-TEXTAccording to a 2010 study conducted by the Toronto-based social media analytics firm Sysomos, 71% of all tweets get no reaction. That is, these are tweets that are not replied to or retweeted ( Sysomos website, January 5, 2015). Suppose we randomly select 100 tweets. a. What is the expected number of these tweets with no reaction? b. what are the variance and standard deviation for the number of these tweets with no reaction?
According to a 2010 study conducted by the Toronto-based social media analytics firm Sysomos, 71% of all tweets get no reaction. That is, these are tweets that are not replied to or retweeted ( Sysomos website, January 5, 2015). Suppose we randomly select 100 tweets. a. What is the expected number of these tweets with no reaction? b. what are the variance and standard deviation for the number of these tweets with no reaction?
According to a 2010 study conducted by the Toronto-based social media analytics firm Sysomos, 71% of all tweets get no reaction. That is, these are tweets that are not replied to or retweeted (Sysomos website, January 5, 2015). Suppose we randomly select 100 tweets.
a. What is the expected number of these tweets with no reaction?
b. what are the variance and standard deviation for the number of these tweets with no reaction?
A sample of 77 individuals working at a particular office was selected and the noise level (dBA) experienced by...
The problem of time inconsistency applies to fiscal policy as well as to monetary policy. Suppose the governmen...
Name a way that your family interacts in the factor market and a way that it interacts in the product market.
(Game Theory) While grading a final exam, an economics professor discovers that two students have virtually ide...
(Price Discrimination) Explain how it may be profitable for South Korean manufacturers to sell new autos at a l...
Suppose that a countrys inflation rate increases sharply. What happens to the inflation tax on the holders of m...
Maria can read 20 pages of economics in an hour. She can also read 50 pages of sociology in an hour. She spends...
How can robotics, computer manufacturing systems, and flexible manufacturing systems help a manufacturer to pro...
REQUIRED RATE OF RETURN Stock R has a beta of 2.0, Stock s has a beta of 0.45, the required return on an averag...
Accounting for Intangible Assets Blackford and Medford Publishing Company own the copyrights on many top author...
Variation in cash flows Mattel, Inc., designs, manufactures, and markets toy products worldwide. Mattels toys i...
Balance sheet List the errors you find in the following balance sheet. Prepare a corrected balance sheet. Labyr...
Persuasive Organizational Message Flowing Upward: Four-Day Weekend Now! Some cornpones and muneciptes are switc...
Selected transactions completed by Kornett Company during its first fiscal year ended December 31, 20Y5, were a...
In the text, we discussed using the discounted dividend model to estimate a stocks intrinsic value. To keep thi...
Consider a business process that you have experienced at work, as a customer, or as a student. Examples might i...
What evidence do you see of a global mind-set in these managers? List at least three examples of global thinkin...
STATEMENT OF OWNERS EQUITY From the partial work sheet below, prepare a statement of owners equity, assuming no...
The data related to Shunda Enterprises Inc.s factory overhead cost for the production of 100,000 units of produ...
The prepaid insurance account had a balance of 3,000 at the beginning of the year. The account was debited for ...
(Specialization) Provide some examples of specialized markets or retail outlets. What makes the Web so conduciv...
In what ways is your standard of living different from that of your parents or grandparents when they were your...
Describe the characteristics of markets and market segments
Use the accompanying table to answer the following questions. a. What is the external cost per unit of output? ...
Bank reconciliation and entries The cash account for Brentwood Bike Co. at May 1, 2016, indicated a balance of ...
On December 31, the end of the year, the accountant for Fireside Magazine was called away suddenly because of a...
As an accountant, why would you need to be familiar with data normalization techniques?
What are ideal standards? Currently attainable standards? Of the two, which is usually adopted? Why?
Asset Retirement Obligation Big Cat Exploration erected an oil platform in a remote area of Texas at a cost of ...
The Nielsen Company surveyed consumers in 47 markets from Europe, Asia-Pacific, the Americas, and the Middle Ea...
Would each of the following transactions be included in net exports or net capital outflow? Be sure to say whet...
Why does rent seeking imply that the traditional measure of deadweight loss from tariffs and quotas will likely...
Budget performance report for a cost center The Eastern District of Adelson Inc. is organized as a cost center....
ADJUSTING JOURNAL ENTRIES Prepare the December 31 adjusting journal entries for Davis Company. Data for the end...
Distinguish between operating mergers and financial mergers.
LONG-TERM FINANCING NEEDED At year-end 2014, total assets for Ambrose Inc. were 1.2 million and accounts payabl...
What is a physical data flow diagram (DFD)?
Here are the accounts in the ledger of Mishas Jewel Box, with the balances as of December 31, the end of its fi...
Why will government raise more tax revenue if it applies a tax to a good with inelastic demand than if it appli...
Bobby is a baseball player who earns 1 million a year playing for team X. If he werent playing baseball for tea...
In the accompanying figure, if Natural Real GDP is Q2, in what state is the economy at point A?
Key Concept: Monetary Control Act The Monetary Control Act of 1980 a. allowed savings and loan associations to ...
Why do many firms attempt to avoid litigation in settling contract disputes?
Add necessary dashes, parentheses, or periods. Additional consultants, programmers and analysts, were hired to ...
Costa, Inc., recently converted from a 5-day, 40-hour workweek to a 4-day, 40-hour workweek, with overtime cont...
A building contains 1000 lightbulbs. Each bulb lasts at most five months. The company maintaining the building ...
Income statement Imaging Services was organized on March 1, 2018. A summary of the revenue and expense transact...
Carreker, Inc., has a number of divisions, including the Alamosa Division, producer of surgical blades, and the...
Your boss has suggested that a one-year paybackperiod is the same as a 100% average rate of return. Do you agre...
Teenage Cell Phone Use. Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan polling organization that provides information abo...
Identify the threats to internal validity for pre-post designs.
For the following set of scores: 5, 9, 6, 8, 7, 4, 10, 6, 7 7, 9, 9, 5, 8, 8, 6, 7, 10 a. Construct a frequency...
Recent research has shown that creative people are more likely to cheat than their less-creative counter parts ...
Sampling: Random Use a random-number table to generate a list of eight random number from 1 to 976. Explain you...
The article Wait Times on Rise to See Doctor (USA TODAY, June 4, 2009) gave the accompanying data on average wa...
SOC A scale measuring prejudice has been administered to a large sample of respondents. The distribution of sco...
Calculate the missing information based on the format of the income statement. Net Sales	Cost of Goods Sold	Gro...
(a) Sketch, by hand, the graph of the function f(x) = ex, paying particular attention to how the graph crosses ...
Sketching a Curve by Eliminating the Parameter A pair of parametric equations is given. (a) Sketch the curve re...
An equation of motion of the form s=Aectcos(t+) represents damped oscillation of an object. Find the velocity a...
Prove each identity. sin(90+x)sin(90x)=0
Perpendicular lines l1 and l2 have slopes m1 and m2, respectively. Find m2 if m1 equals: a 5 b -53 c -12 d a-bc
Solve the initial-value problem y = 3x2ey, y(0) = 1, and graph the solution.
True or False? In Exercises 107-112, determine whether the statement is true or false. If it is false, explain ...
solve the equation by using the quadratic formula. 135. 4x2 + 5x 6 = 0
If z = sin(x + sin t), show that zx2zxt=zt2zx2
Find the volume of the figure. Round to the nearest hundredth of a unit.
A welder makes high-quality welds 92% of the time. Out of 115 welds, how many are expected to be of high qualit...
Using the Integral Test In Exercises 3-22, confirm that the Integral Test can be applied to the series. Then us...
1. Consider , the groups of units in under multiplication. For each of the following subgroups in , partition ...
In Exercises 57, find the slope and y-intercept (if possible) of the equation of the line. Then sketch the grap...
For the area of the shaded region, which integral form, dx or dy, should be used? a) dx b) dy c) Either...
Eugene must take four exams in a geography class. If his scores on the first three exams are 91, 67, and 83, wh...
In Problems 1-8, find the derivative of each function.
Graph each polynomial function. f(x)=x37x210x
For exercises 35-38 note that to show there is a unique object with a certain property, show that (1) there is ...
Thoughts Into Words Make up an equation whose solution set is the null set and explain why this is the solution...
Use a computer algebra system to find the exact area enclosed by the curves y=x56x3+4x and y=x.
Creating Polynomial Functions In Exercises 87-90, find a polynomial function f(x)=anxn+an1xn1++a2x2+a1x+a0 that...
Distance Find the distance between the point (5,1,3) and the line given by x=1+t,y=32t, and z=5t.
Use a graphical utility to solve the system of equations using the rref or equivalent operation. x1+x2x3x4=1x1x...
In Exercises 14, complete the given tables. Exponential Form 102=100 43=64 44=256 0.450=1 81/2=22 43=164 Logari...
The area of the region bounded by , , and r = sec θ is:
Find f. f(t) = 4/(1 + t2), f(1) = 0
Evaluate expressions in Exercises 3756, rounding your answer to four significant digits where necessary. 19
In the figure for Exercises 21 to 24,RS is tangent to the circle at S. See Theorem 6.3.7. Given: RT=12RSandTV=9...
Evaluating Formulas In Exercises S-21 through S-30, you are given a formula that you are asked to evaluate with...
Expand each expression in Exercises 122. x(4x+6)
Finding a Derivative In Exercise 55-66.find the derivative of the function. y=x(6x+1)5
Express the following decimal numbers as binary numbers. 10.5
The data contained in the DATAfile named StateUnemp show the unemployment rate in March 2011 and the unemploym...
Use (he following information to answer the next en exercises: A manufacturer produces 25-pound lifting weights...
For the following exercises, for each of the piecewise- defined functions, a. evaluate at the given values of t...
For the following exercises, find the exact area of the region bounded by the given equations if possible. If y...
In Problems 1524, x = 0 is a regular singular point of the given differential equation. Show that the indicial ...


text:
Democrats are going on the air Thursday with TV and radio spots aimed at Reps. John Boehner and Eric Cantor among other House GOP leaders.
DNC targets GOP leaders on stimulus
By JONATHAN MARTIN
Pushing back against Republican charges that President Obama's stimulus package has been ineffective, the DNC is launching a three-pronged attack this week focused on projects being funded in the states and districts of the GOP's congressional leadership.
Democrats are going on the air Thursday with TV and radio spots aimed at three GOP House leaders and two Senate Republican leaders and will hold press conferences or conference calls in their states with individuals testifying to the effectiveness of the stimulus.
In a TV commercial to be aired in Washington and on national cable, the party cites disapproving comments made about the $787 billion legislation by Sen's Mitch McConnell (Ky.) and Jon Kyl (Ariz.) and House members John Boehner (Oh.) and Eric Cantor (Va.)
The goal is to not only detail the benefits the stimulus opponents are seeing in their individual states, but to also lay the blame of the still-sputtering economy on the policies of the Bush administration.
"They supported the Bush policies that sank our economy into recession," says the narrator in the TV ad. "They broke it - now they refuse to fix it."
The radio commercials similarly tie the Republican leaders to Bush – citing the former president's "disastrous economic policies" – while highlighting some of their hometown projects being funded by a measure they opposed.
They are being tailored individually for broadcast in the states and districts of the top GOP lawmakers.
So in the case of Boehner, for example, the narrator cites "vital projects in Ohio."
"$36 million for 29 road and bridge projects statewide, nearly $2 million for road repairs in Miami County and five and a half million for a bypass project."
In addition to the top four congressional Republican leaders, House GOP conference chairman Mike Pence (Ind.) is also being targeted on Hoosier radio stations.
The DNC will run the TV and radio ads will run for about a week and is spending "significant five figures" on the buy, according to a party source.
And starting tomorrow with a conference call from Kentucky, local officials and regular people from each of the leaders' states will speak with reporters this week about how the stimulus is working in their region, citing specific projects and criticizing the GOP leadership.
"We're going with guns blazing on this," said DNC communications director Brad Woodhouse. "The recovery act rescued the economy from catastrophe and these Republicans supported an agenda that got our economy in trouble to begin with. They don't want to admit it and in fact they are lying about it. So we're going to set the record straight."
The counter-strike comes after weeks of Republican criticism that what Democrats call the "recovery package" hasn't stemmed the recession. Obama administration officials and their party allies are especially sensitive to the attacks on the bill from those who Republicans whose states are seeing a significant influx of dollars. Earlier this month, at the direction of White House Chief of Staff Rahm Emanuel, four cabinet secretaries fired off letters to Jan Brewer, the GOP governor of Arizona, citing Kyl's critique and asking if the state still wanted the funds.
But with unemployment still rising, and expected to top 10%, Democrats have had to recalibrate their message. Now, Obama loyalists portray the measure as a critical intervention that helped stave off a GOP-created economic crisis while hammering Republicans for criticizing it while their states reap the benefits.
Boehner spokeswoman Antonia Ferrier responded to the DNC's new ad push, saying: "Democrats can't run away from the fact that the stimulus has failed to provide the immediate jolt to the economy and prevent unemployment from climbing above 8 percent as the Administration promised. No manner of ad or disinformation campaign can change the minds of the American people who overwhelmingly view it as collosal and ineffective flop with a trillion dollar price tag."
John Kyl


Strange sounds emanating from a mysterious building in the dead of night. White cars following families as they walk their dogs nearby. Science fiction movie? No, just Apple's latest project.
Residents of Sunnyvale, Calif., who live near a complex of buildings Apple started occupying in 2014 tell the San Jose Mercury News it's clear something is going on at the complex, where the sheet metal fences are 12 feet high and security is intense, but no one knows what.
One local says he hears "bangs," "thumps," and beeping (like a truck when it backs up) in the wee hours; another says he hears what sounds like a person "waving around" a big piece of sheet metal.
Both say there's also sometimes an odd whine or hum that increases in pitch (ABC 7 describes it as sounding like "some type of industrial machine ramping up") and is "loud enough to wake you." One family describes being followed by the aforementioned white Priuses when they walk their dogs near the complex, and say that if they get too close, they're "intercepted" by security guards who use clipboards to hide their shirt logos.
What does Apple have to say? "Yeah, no, we're not going to provide an official response," says a rep. But clues, including two recent permit documents describing a "repair garage" and an "auto work area" inside the complex, suggest Apple might be working on a car, likely some sort of high-tech automobile (electric or self-driving, perhaps).
Prior reports on the noises described some as sounding like "motors." Asked about the permits, the rep did confirm that Apple has, in the past, worked on projects related to cars.


text:
Q: How should I remove this logic from my view in Rails? I have a Rails app with events, and when an event's end date has passed I want to include an element on event#show pages indicating that the event is expired.
Right now I have this logic in my view like this:
<% if @event.end_time <= Time.now %>

This event has already happened

<% end %>

I understand it's good to strip logic out of views and I don't want to hit the database from the view, so I'm wondering what the best way to do that would be for a case like this?

A: If you are loading the page for an @event you have already hit the database. So that code in your view will not generate an extra database query.
The logic in your view (whether or not an event is expired) can be moved to the model. But you're still going to have some code in the view. The nice thing about moving it to the model, however, is that you can easily write tests for the model class.
Model:
def is_expired?
  end_time <= Time.now
end

View:
<% if @event.is_expired? %>

This event has already happened

<% end %>

A: Instead of having conditional logic in the view you could always use view helpers.
=> app/helpers/expired_event.rb
Module ExpiredEvent
    def event_expired?(event)
        if event.end_time <= Time.now
            return "
This event has already happened
".html_safe
        end
    end
end

then in your view
<%= event_expired?(@event) %>

Something like that?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Business Recht - DNJB Staats- en bestuursrecht
EU State Aid Control of Infrastructure Funding
Corinne Ruechardt
EU State Aid Control of Infrastructure Funding focuses on the complex rules of EU State Aid control in the infrastructure sector and how they have been interpreted in the European Commission's decisional practice and by the EU courts.
Beschrijving EU State Aid Control of Infrastructure Funding
EU State Aid Control of Infrastructure Funding focuses on the complex rules of EU State Aid control in the infrastructure sector and how they have been interpreted in the European Commission's decisional practice and by the EU courts. The elements of infrastructure – roads, transportation, electricity, water, communications, schools, hospitals – are so ingrained in the fabric of daily life that few people give a second thought to who provides them, and how. Yet, they are controlled by an extensive and complex regulatory system. Moreover, the EU's State aid modernization plan has made infrastructure a crucial aspect of competition law. How did EU State aid law turn into regulation on whether a city can build a new airport, or how it may operate a school? And what do the rules actually mean for infrastructure funding? These are the questions this book, the first comprehensive guide to EU State aid law in this key sector and a major contribution to the debate on the topic, seeks to answer.
What's in this book:
In its thorough review of the legal literature as well as relevant legislation and case law, this book covers such aspects of the infrastructure-State aid nexus as the following:
role of infrastructure in competition law;
infrastructure funding as aid and its compatibility with the internal market;
impact on land development and other ongoing activities;
sector-specific impact of State aid regulation on the design of infrastructure projects;
risk management; and
newer infrastructure sectors, such as sports, cultural and healthcare projects.
At many points in the presentation, the case-by-case analysis provides individual appraisals. In addition to focusing on the complex rules and their interpretation by the EU courts, this book provides deeply informed proposals for reform.
How this will help you:
In light of EU State aid control being extended to the infrastructure sector, this book forms a key work on EU law that has developed and changed dramatically in recent years. This book identifies practical problems in designing projects and thereby enables practitioners and lawyers to confidently manage risks concerning EU State aid law. This book will be of immeasurable value to jurists in State aid law, competition law and public procurement, as well as market actors (aid beneficiaries and competitors), policymakers, government officials and business persons in these fields.
International Encyclopaedia of Laws
Relating to the practice of medicine in the large sense, this subset of the International Encyclopaedia of Laws covers national and international medical law. Each national monograph contains, besides a general introduction, a description for the country in question of: the law related to the medical profession, such as access to the medical profession, illegal practice of medicine and control over the practice of medicine.
The complex law surrounding energy production and the exploitation of natural resources has reached the legal foreground both nationally and internationally. Due in large part to the liberalisation wave but principally to the environmental dimension of energy production numerous countries in recent years have enacted new legislation concerning nuclear power generation, the use of non-renewable resources, transportation of hazardous materials, and other issues raised by energy production processes.
This set in the International Encyclopaedia of Laws covers national and international environmental law. National monographs contain, besides a general introduction, a description of the country's environmental legislation, an overview of the basic principles of environmental law, the historical background, the role of governmental institutions, and the sources of environmental law.
Electricity Trade in Europe Review of the Economic and Regulatory Changes
Legal Aspects of EU Energy Regulation
Cameron, Peter
Application of Anti-manipulation Law to EU Wholesale Energy Markets and Its Interplay with EU Competition Law
Huseyin Cagri Corlu
International Competition Litigation
Renato Nazzini & Gordon Blanke
Prevention and Compensation of Marine Pollution Damage
Brazilian Competition Law: A Practitioner's Guide
Juliana Oliveira Domingues & Eduardo Molan Gaban
Agreement on the European Economic Area
Environmental Tax Initiatives and Multilateral Trade Agreements: <i>Dangerous Collisions</i>
Richard A. Westin
The Law of EU Public Procurement
Christopher Bovis
International Sports Law and Business
Bruce S. Meyer & Aaron N. Wise
Global Europe
Otto Holman
Gráinne de Búrca & Paul Craig
The Availability of Spatial and Environmental Data in the European Union
Katleen Janssen
European Administrative Law Series Proportionality Analysis and Models of Judicial Review
Benedikt Pirker
European Union Law of State Aid
Kelyn Bacon, QC
Accessing Asylum in Europe
Violeta Moreno-Lax
Eco-Finance
Paul U Ali & Kanako Yano
Modernised EC Competition Law in International Arbitration
Phillip Landolt
International Marine Environmental Law
Willem J.H. Wiggers
The Law of the Constitution
A.V. Dicey
EU Environmental Law and Policy
David Langlet & Said Mahmoudi
Vertical Agreements in EU Competition Law
Frank Wijckmans & Filip Tuytschaever
Unfair Competition Law
Frauke Henning-Bodewig


20 Mar Square Business Card Mock-up Photoshop PSD | Mb This styled pack contains 3 square business card mockup that are perfect. 17 Apr Square Business Card Mock-Ups Photoshop PSD | | Mb Specification " x " Size 08 Photorealistic Scene DPI, RGB. This is a neat collection of business card mock-ups hand picked by a group of designers, hence we . Free Square Round Corner Business Card Mockup PSD.
3 May Business card PSD mockup templates are useful for connecting All the Product Mockups you need and many other design elements, are available for . many other designers have done—a squared business card template. This pack contains 2 different business card mock-ups of a standard business card and square business card. Each mock-up comes with Easy to edit smart. 23 Mar Square Business Card Mock-up PSD | MB RAR. This styled pack contains 3 square business card mockup that are perfect for.
24 Mar clean and easy to use High quality photo-realistic Square business card mock-up perfect to showcase your square business card. The PSD. Business Cards Mock Up - FREE PSD 6 PSD 78 mb sale page: http:// claypoolattys.com .. Business-Card-Mock-Up-vol rar. Are you looking for business card mockup vectors or photos? We have free resources for you. Download on Freepik your photos, PSD, icons or vectors of. A clean and smooth business card mockup made by Brad Neathery. 10 Jun Square Business Card Mockup Specification & Features - Transparent Shadow - Isolated From Background - Photo-realistic Scene - 72 DPI.


Mikey Weinstein is the undisputed leader of the national movement to restore the obliterated wall separating church and state in the most technologically lethal organization ever created by humankind: the United States armed forces. Described by Harper's magazine as "the constitutional conscience of the U.S. military, a man determined to force accountability", Mikey's family has a long and distinguished U.S. military history spanning three consecutive generations of military academy graduates and over 130 years of combined active duty military service in every major combat engagement our country has been in from World War I to the current Global War on Terror.
Mikey is a 1977 Honor Graduate of the United States Air Force Academy. Mikey has been married for over 41 years to his wife, Bonnie. He is the proud parent of two sons, one daughter and two granddaughters. His oldest son and daughter-in-law are 2004 Graduates, Mikey's youngest son graduated in the Class of 2007, and his son-in-law is a 2010 graduate from the Air Force Academy. Seven total members of Mikey's family have attended the Academy. His father was a distinguished graduate of the United States Naval Academy. Mikey served for more than 10 years with the Judge Advocate General ("JAG") Corps.
A registered Republican, he also spent over three years working in, and for, the West Wing of the Reagan Administration as legal counsel in the White House. In his final position there, Mikey was named the Committee Management Officer of the much-publicized Iran-Contra Investigation in his capacity as Assistant General Counsel of The White House Office of Administration, Executive Office of the President of the United States. Mikey has held numerous positions in corporate America as a senior executive businessman and attorney.
Mikey has appeared innumerable times on all of the major cable and terrestrial TV news networks and is a frequent guest on national radio networks as well. His constitutional activism has been covered and profiled extensively in the print media including the Associated Press, The New York Times, the Washington Post, the L.A. Times, the Denver Post, The Guardian, and many other national and international newspapers and periodicals including Time magazine.
St. Martins Press in New York released Mikey's book, "With God On Our Side: One Man's War Against an Evangelical Coup in America's Military" in October 2006. The paperback version was released in February 2008 with the Foreword being written by Ambassador Joseph Wilson IV. The book is an expose on the systemic problem of religious intolerance throughout the United States armed forces. At this time, Mikey also made his international film debut in the Hollywood adaptation of James Carroll's New York Times best selling book detailing the 2,000 year bloody history between the Church and the Jews, entitled "Constantine's Sword", and directed by Oscar nominee Oren Jacoby.
In January, 2012, Mikey's latest book "No Snowflake in an Avalanche: The Military Religious Freedom Foundation, its Battle to Defend the Constitution, and One Family's Courageous War Against Religious Extremism in High Places" was released. It details MRFF's prominent case studies, struggles, and the violent reactions to MRFF advocacy.
In December 2012, Defense News named Mikey one of the 100 Most Influential People in U.S. Defense. As a distinguished "Opinion shaper" exercising a hard-fought influence over the U.S. Armed Forces, Mikey's influence has been recognized as exceeding that of former General David Petraeus himself by a publication that represents "the world's biggest military newsroom." Defense News is a Gannett publication – as are USA Today, The Arizona Republic, Detroit Free Press, The Indianapolis Star, The Cincinnati Enquirer, and many other prominent newspapers across the nation. Gannett Government Media consists of Defense News, Army Times, Air Force Times, Navy Times, Marine Corps Times, Armed Forces Journal and Federal Times.
On November 13, 2014, for the sixth consecutive year, the Military Religious Freedom Foundation was officially nominated again for the 2015 Nobel Peace Prize (its seventh total nomination).


Canada is a stunning corner of the world to embark on a sailing trip, with the waters that surround the country something of a hidden gem. The Gulf Islands in particular are perfect for a yacht charter holiday in Canada for several reasons, with five of the best listed below.
With more than 200 islands in the Gulf group, you can be sure to experience lots of different attractions and scenery when you charter a yacht around this part of the world. Located between mainland British Columbia and Vancouver Island, the Gulf archipelago's most populated destination is Salt Spring Island.
Just a handful of the other places you might decide to stop off at to explore include Hornby Island, Denman Island and Saturna Island.
As mentioned, Salt Spring Island is the most popular stop among holidaymakers, as there's plenty going on here. Drop anchor off its coast and step onto its shore and you can take part in a variety of activities, such as beachcombing, golf, cycling, swimming and hiking.
This latter pasttime is suited to people of all abilities, with the island boasting trails that range from the very easy to the challenging. One of the most accessible walking routes is through the Ruckle Provincial Park, which is filled with forests and picnic facilities on the waterfront. For a hike that is a bit more difficult, head to Mount Erskine. You will tackle 1,100 ft in elevation as you watch peregrine falcons fly above you.
Salt Spring Island is the perfect place to tuck into a hearty meal before the next leg of your yacht charter, with everything from fresh organic produce from farmers to higher-end restaurants on offer. If your stop-off coincides with a Saturday in the summer, make sure you head to the town of Ganges, which is famous for its open-air market.
The best months to come sailing around the Gulf Islands are May through to September, as the temperatures are warm, the weather dry and the winds a lot lighter compared with other times of the year. This means you can enjoy some leisurely sailing, giving you plenty of time to soak up the stunning scenery as you make your way across the water.
October is also a popular month thanks to the potential to see spawning salmon, while if you come in April you are well placed to spot grizzly and black bears and Pacific Grey whales. It can be cold with strong winds, though, so it depends on what type of sailing you prefer. In the summer, the typical wind speed ranges between 8 and 12 knots and comes from either the east-northeast or the west-northwest.
The Gulf Islands National Park Reserve spans 36 sq km of marine and land across 15 of the southern isles and was set up in 2003 to protect this area. You can take a lovely stroll along one of its beaches or grab a kayak and get up close to the pretty coastline, hopefully spotting plenty of flora and fauna along the way.
Indeed, wildlife enthusiasts will be in their element here, with seals, otters, porpoises and orcas just some of the creatures that call the waters in the reserve home. Eagles and turkey vultures are likely to be in the sky above you, while on dry land you might be lucky enough to catch a glimpse of sharp-tailed snakes, butterflies and the Columbian black-tailed deer.
Home to approximately 1,000 people, Denman Island is dotted with lakes, rocky shores, parks and orchards and the most popular thing to do here is enjoy the great outdoors. Explore its orchards and farms by foot as you hike across the beautiful landscape.
Neighbouring Hornby Island is popular among Canadian residents for summer getaways, and Denman Island is often seen as a place people pass by in order to reach their intended destination. Its locals do not mind this, though, and are happy for the isle to be a quiet and relaxing place where people can escape from it all. If you do want something a bit livelier, there's nothing stopping you making your way to Hornby Island to see what all the fuss is about.


Both Sydney and Melbourne have posted impressive scores in a new ranking of the sustainability performance of the world's leading cities.
A new report released by sustainable design consultancy Arcadis reveals that Australia's major cities are faring well compared to other parts of the developed world when it comes to sustainability and efficiency performance.
In order to reflect this broader sustainability concept, Arcadis assessed a total of 50 cities around them world across the three sub-indices of People (quality of life issues), Planet (environmental impact) and Profit (economic stability), using a total of 20 input indicators.
The People sub-index looked at features of a city affecting the quality of life of residents, including transportation systems, literacy levels, health, education,income inequality, work-life balance and amount of green spaces or nature strips within cities.
The Planet sub-index primarily relates to environmental impact, covering levels of energy consumption, usage of renewable sources of clean energy, levels of green house gas emissions, recycling, potable water quality, air pollution and sanitation, while the third sub-index of Profit covers business and economic factors, including GDP per capita, a city's economic significance in a broader context, ease of conduction business, property and living costs as well as quality of transportation infrastructure.
Arcadis sourced data from some of the world's most reputable international sources in order to provide inputs for the sub-indices, including the United Nations, the World Health Organization, the World Bank and the International Labour Organization.
While no Australian cities made the index's top 10 cities in terms of sustainability, the two most populous cities of Sydney and Melbourne were both in the top 20, pegged at 11 and 17 respectively.
Sydney came out ahead of every single US city on the index, given that none for them took positions in the top 10, while Melbourne beat many of the world's other leading cities in terms of sustainability performance, including Chicago, New York, Tokyo, San Francisco and and Los Angeles.
The reasonably strong performance of Australian cities on the index in terms of sustainability performance comes as welcome news following the recent release of a government-commissioned report pillorying efficiency levels in the country's property and building sectors.
Although Australian cities fared reasonably well in this latest assessment of overall sustainability, another recent report indicates that there remain significant performance deficits where improvements can still be made.
When it came to the sub-indices, Sydney and Melbourne performed especially well in the People category, taking out fourth and eighth place respectively, and reasonably well in the Profit category, taking 16th and fifth position respectively.
The two cities fared less impressively in the Planet category, with Sydney ranked 18th and Melbourne 23rd.
European cities performed best in the overall index, taking out all five of the top positions, with Frankfurt coming first, followed by London, Copenhagen, Amsterdam and Rotterdam. Several Asian mega-cities also enjoyed strong rankings, including Seoul in seventh place, Hong Kong in eighth place and Singapore in 10th position.
Arcadis is a global leader in the field of natural and built asset design and consultancy, and ranked sixth in Engineering News-Record's list of the top 225 international design firms for 2014.


text:
\section{Introduction}
After the Big Bang, the first stars that formed from the pristine gas
  were very massive, of the order of
100\,M$_{\odot}$ (e.g., \citealt{bromm01, yoshida08}). After a very
short life time these co-called Population\,III stars exploded as
supernovae, which then provided the first metals to the still
primordial interstellar medium. All subsequent generations of stars,
Pop\,II, formed from chemically enriched material. The most metal-poor
stars are the earliest and most extreme Population\,II objects and
belong to the stellar generations that formed from the non-zero
metallicity gas left behind by the first stars.

In their atmospheres these old objects preserve details of the
chemical composition of their birth gas cloud. They thus provide
stellar archaeological evidence of the earliest times of the
Universe. In particular, the chemical abundance patterns provide
information about the formation and evolution of the elements and the
involved nucleosynthesis processes and sites.  By extension,
metal-poor stars provide constraints on the nature of the first stars,
the initial mass function, and the chemical yields of first/early SNe.
This knowledge is invaluable for our understanding of the cosmic
chemical evolution and the onset of star- and galaxy formation
processes including the formation of the galactic halo. In summary,
galactic metal-poor stars are the local equivalent of the
high-redshift Universe, enabling observational constraints on the
nature of the first stars and supernovae, and more generally, on
various theoretical works on the early Universe.

Due to their low masses ($\sim0.8$\,M$_{\odot}$) metal-poor stars have
extremely long lifetimes that exceed the current age of the Universe
of $\sim14$\,Gyr  \citep{WMAP}. Hence, these stellar ``fossils''
of the early Universe are still observable.  However, the most
metal-poor stars (e.g., stars with\footnote{The main indicator used to
determine stellar metallicity is the iron abundance, [Fe/H], which is
defined as \mbox{[A/B]}$ = \log_{10}(N_{\rm A}/N_{\rm B})_\star -
\log_{10}(N_{\rm A}/N_{\rm B})_\odot$ for the number N of atoms of
elements A and B, and $\odot$ refers to the Sun. With few exceptions,
[Fe/H] traces the overall metallicity of the objects fairly well.}
$\mbox{[Fe/H]}<-5.0$; \citealt{HE1327_Nature}) are extremely rare
\citep{schoerck}, and hence difficult to identify. The most promising
way forward is to survey large volumes far out into the Galactic
halo. Past surveys include the HK survey and the Hamburg/ESO survey
\citep{ARAA} which have been very successful in producing large
samples of extremely metal-poor stars (with $\mbox{[Fe/H]}<-3.0$).  It
was also shown that there are many different types of abundance
patterns that arise as the result of specific nucleosynthesis
processes. The fact that the nuclear physics details of these
processes can be probed with the help of stars, means that stellar
astrophysics becomes ``nuclear astrophysics''. This is a very
complementary approach to experimental nuclear physics that is often
limited in its attempts to create the most exotic nuclei or extreme
processes, like the r-process, in the laboratory.

Over the past few years, a number of extensive reviews have been
published on the various roles and applications of metal-poor stars to
different astrophysical topics. \citet{ARAA} report on the discovery
history, search techniques and results, and the different abundance
``classes'' of metal-poor stars. \citet{sneden_araa} reviewed the
evolution of neutron-capture elements in the Galaxy, including the s-
and r-process stars. Recent advances regarding the stellar contents of
different types of dwarf galaxies are presented in
\citet{tolstoy_araa} and \citet{koch_biermann}. Finally,
\citet{frebel10} summarized the role of metal-poor stars in the
cosmological context, and how early star- and galaxy evolution can be
studied with them. This proceeding is based on \citet{frebel10}, and
thus only briefly summarizes a few specific aspects of what is
described in more detail in the above review.

\begin{figure*}  [!]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=13cm,clip=true,bbllx=65,bblly=423,bburx=528,bbury=655]{spectral_comparison_with_lines.ps}
  \caption{\label{spec_comp} Spectral comparison of stars in the
  main-sequence turn-off region with different metallicities. Several
  atomic absorption lines are marked. The variations in line strength
  reflect the different metallicities. From top to bottom: Sun with
  $\mbox{[Fe/H]}=0.0$, G66-30  with $\mbox{[Fe/H]}=-1.6$
  \citep{norris_emp3}, G64-12 with $\mbox{[Fe/H]}=-3.2$
  \citep{Aokihe1327}, and HE1327-2326 with $\mbox{[Fe/H]}=-5.4$
  \citep{HE1327_Nature}.  Reproduced from \citet{frebel10}.}
\end{center}
  \end{figure*}

\section{The Most Metal-Poor Stars}

The first star with a record-low iron abundance was found in 2001. The
faint ($V=15.2$) red giant HE~0107$-$5240 has $\mbox{[Fe/H]}=-5.2$
\citep{HE0107_Nature}. In 2004, the bright ($V=13.5$) subgiant
HE~1327$-$2326 was discovered \citep{HE1327_Nature,
Aokihe1327}. HE~1327$-$2327 has an even lower iron abundance of
$\mbox{[Fe/H]}=-5.4$. This value corresponds to $\sim1/250,000$ of the
solar iron abundance. Interestingly, the entire mass of iron in
HE~1327$-$2326 is actually 100 times less than that in the Earth's
core. A third star with $\mbox{[Fe/H]}=-4.75$ \citep{he0557} was found
in 2006. The metallicity of the giant HE~0557$-$4840 is in between the
two $\mbox{[Fe/H]}<-5.0$ stars and the next most metal-poor stars are
$\mbox{[Fe/H]}\sim-4.2$. Hence it sits right in the previously claimed
``metallicity gap'' (between $\mbox{[Fe/H]}\sim-4.0$ and
$\mbox{[Fe/H]}\sim-5.0$; e.g. \citealt{shigeyama}) showing that the
scarcity of stars below $\mbox{[Fe/H]}\sim-4.2$ has no physical cause
but is merely an observational incompleteness. All three objects were
found in the Hamburg/ESO survey \citep{frebel_bmps,hes4} making it the
so far most successful database for metal-poor stars.

The most striking features in both $\mbox{[Fe/H]}<-5.0$ stars are the
extremely large overabundances of CNO elements
($\mbox{[C,N,O/Fe]}\sim2$ to 4).  HE~0557$-$4840 partly shares this
signature by also having a fairly large [C/Fe] ratio.  Other elemental
ratios [X/Fe] are somewhat enhanced in HE~1327$-$2327 with respect to
the stars with $-4.0<\mbox{[Fe/H]}<-2.5$, but less so for the two
giants. No neutron-capture element is detected in HE~0107$-$5240 or
HE~0557$-$4840, whereas, unexpectedly, Sr is observed in
HE~1327$-$2326. Despite expectations, Li could not be detected in the
relatively unevolved subgiant HE~1327$-$2326. The upper limit is
$\log\epsilon ({\rm Li})<0.6$, where $\log\epsilon ({\rm A})$ =
$\log_{10}(N_{\rm A}/N_{\rm H})$ + 12. This is surprising, given that
the primordial Li abundance is often inferred from similarly unevolved
metal-poor stars \citep{ryan_postprim}. Furthermore, the upper limit
found from HE~1327$-$2326, however, strongly contradicts the WMAP
value ($\log\epsilon ({\rm Li})=2.6$) from the baryon-to-photon ratio
\citep{WMAP}. This may indicates that the star formed from extremely
Li-poor material.

\begin{figure*}
\begin{center}
 \includegraphics[clip=true,width=10.cm,bbllx=40,bblly=448,bburx=456,bbury=740]{HES_MDF_schoerck}
 \caption{Metallicity distribution function of metal-poor halo
stars. Data taken from \citet{schoerck}. The dashed line shows the
``as observed'' function which reflects the distribution of stars
discovered in the Hamburg/ESO survey.  The solid line represents the
corrected function reflecting the actual underlying population of
metal-poor stars.}
\end{center}
\end{figure*}

HE~0107$-$5240 and HE~1327$-$2326 immediately became benchmark objects
to constrain various theoretical studies of the early Universe, such
as calculations of Pop\,III SN yields. Their highly individual
abundance patterns have been successfully reproduced by several
different SNe scenarios. This makes HE~0107$-$5240 and HE~1327$-$2326
early, extreme Pop\,II stars that possibly display the ``fingerprint''
of just one Pop\,III SN. \citet{UmedaNomotoNature} first matched the
yields of a faint 25\,M$_{\odot}$ SN that underwent a mixing and
fallback process to the observed abundances of HE~0107$-$5240.  To
achieve a simultaneous enrichment of a lot of C and only little Fe,
large parts of the Fe-rich SN ejecta have to fall back onto the newly
created black hole. Using yields from a SN with similar explosion
energy and mass cut, \citet{iwamoto_science} then reproduced the
abundance pattern of HE~1327$-$2326 also. Trying to fit the observed
stellar abundances, \citet{heger_woosley08} are employing an entire
grid of Pop\,III SN yields to search for the best match to the data. A
similar progenitor mass range as the \citet{UmedaNomotoNature}
25\,M$_{\odot}$ model was found to be the best match to have provided
the elemental abundances to the ISM from which these Pop\,II stars
formed.  \citet{meynet2005} explored the influence of stellar rotation
on elemental yields of 60\,M$_{\odot}$ near-zero-metallicity SNe.  The
stellar mass loss rate of rotating massive Pop\,III stars
qualitatively reproduces the CNO abundances observed in HE~1327$-$2326
and other carbon-rich metal-poor stars.

\section{Nuclear Astrophysics with Metal-Poor Stars}

About $5\%$ of metal-poor stars
with $\mbox{[Fe/H]}<-2.5$ contain a strong enhancement of
neutron-capture elements associated with the rapid (r-)
nucleosynthesis process \cite{ARAA} that is responsible for the
production of the heaviest elements in the Universe. In those stars we
can observe the majority (i.e., $\sim70$ of 94) of elements in the
periodic table: the light, $\alpha$, iron-peak, and light and heavy
neutron-capture elements. These elements were not produced in the
observed metal-poor star itself, but in a previous-generation
supernova explosions. We are thus able to study the ``chemical fingerprint'' of
individual supernova explosions that occurred just prior to the
formation of the observed star. So far, however, the nucleosynthesis
site of the r-process has not yet unambiguously been identified, but
supernovae with progenitor stars of $8-10$\,M$_{\odot}$ are the most
promising locations \cite{qian_wasserburg03}.

The giant HE~1523$-$0901 ($V = 11.1$) was found in a sample of bright
metal-poor stars \citep{frebel_bmps} from the Hamburg/ESO Survey. It
has the so far strongest enhancement in neutron-capture elements
associated with the r-process, $\mbox{[r/Fe]}=1.8$. Its metallicity is
$\mbox{[Fe/H]}=-3.0$ \citep{he1523}. The spectrum of HE~1523$-$0901
shows numerous strong lines of $\sim25$ neutron-capture elements, such
as those of Sr, Ba, Eu, Os, and Ir. A full discussion of the complete
abundance analysis will be given elsewhere (A.~Frebel et al. 2011, in
preparation). This makes possible a detailed study of the
nucleosynthesis products of the r-process. This fortuitously also
provides the opportunity of bringing together astrophysics and nuclear
physics because these objects act as a ``cosmic lab'' for both fields
of study.  The radioactive elements Th and U could be detected in this
star also (see the reviews of \citep{frebel_nic10, sneden_araa,
frebel10}). Only three stars have measured U abundances, of which
HE~1523$-$0901 has the most confidently determined value. From
comparing the stable Eu, Os, and Ir abundances with measurements of Th
and U, stellar ages can be derived.  Based on seven such chronometer
abundance ratios, the age of HE~1523$-$0901 was found to be
$\sim13$\,Gyr.

Next to Th and U, knowing all three abundances of Th, U, and Pb
provides a self-consistency test for r-process calculations. These
three abundances are intimately coupled, not only with each other but
also to the conditions (and potentially also the environment) of the
r-process. Hence, constraints on the different models yielding
different abundance distributions can be obtained by explaining the
stellar triumvirate of the Th, U and Pb abundances. Such constraints
lead to a better understanding of how and where r-process
nucleosynthesis can occur. In turn, improved r-abundance calculations
are crucial for reliably predicting the initial production ratios of
Th/r, U/r and Th/U, which are an implicit necessity for more accurate
age dating of r-process enhanced stars.  Based on new UVES data, a Pb
abundance could be determined for HE~1523$-$0901. The preliminary
abundance is $\log\epsilon(\rm Pb)\sim-0.35$. In summary, Pb is
produced through several decay channels. At the time when the
r-process event stops, there is the direct ($\beta$- and
$\beta$-delayed neutron) decay of very neutron-rich isobaric nuclei
with $A=206-208$ to $^{206}{\rm Pb}$, $^{207}{\rm Pb}$, and
$^{206}{\rm Pb}$. Then there is $\alpha$- and $\beta$-decay of nuclei
with $A\ge210$ back to Pb and finally the radioactive decay of the Th
and U isotopes back to Pb over the course of the age of the
Universe. The initial abundances of Th and U are driven in the same
way as Pb, i.e., by a direct channel of nuclei with $A=232$, 235 and
238, and an indirect way from the decay of r-process nuclei with
heavier masses. Of course, the Th and U abundances determine, in part,
the Pb abundance. Taking all these details into account when modeling
the r-process, the observed Pb abundances can be compared with model
predictions. After 13\,Gyr of decay, the prediction for the Th/U ratio
by \citet{frebel_ages} agrees well abundance measurement. With this
good level of agreement, HE 1523-0901 remains a vital probe for
observational nuclear astrophysics, which r-process models can
effectively be constrained.

\section{Extremely Metal-Poor Stars in Dwarf Galaxies}

\begin{figure*}[!t]
 \begin{center}
  \includegraphics[clip=true,width=15cm,bbllx=43, bblly=235, bburx=483,
   bbury=727]{cayrel_trends_light.ps} \caption{
     \label{cayrel_abundances_light} Abundances ([X/Fe]) of
     ultra-faint dwarf galaxy stars for light and iron-peak elements
     in comparison with those of halo stars \citep{cayrel2004}
     (\textit{open black circles} ).  \textit{Red squares} indicate
     UMa\,II stars, \textit{blue circles} show ComBer
     stars. HD~122563, a halo ``standard'' star, is shown by
     a black diamond. From \citet{ufs}.}
 \end{center}
\end{figure*}

Simulations of the hierarchical assembly of galaxies within the cold
dark matter framework (\citealt{diemand07}; \citealt{springel}) show
that the Milky Way halo was successively built up from small dark
matter substructures, often referred to as galactic building
blocks. This hierarchical way of galaxy assembly had long been
suggested by \citet{sz78}. However, these simulations only include
dark matter, and it remains unclear to what extent small dark halos
contain luminous matter in the form of stars and gas. Studying the
onset of star formation and associated chemical evolution in dwarf
galaxies thus provides some of the currently missing information to
our understanding of how the observed properties of small satellites
relate to the dark matter substructures that build up larger galaxies.
The connection between the surviving dwarfs and those that dissolved
to form the halo is best addressed by examining in detail the stellar
chemical compositions of present-day dwarf galaxies. Establishing
detailed chemical histories of these different systems can provide
constraints on their dominant chemical enrichment mechanisms and
events, as well as the formation process of the Milky
Way. Specifically, detailed knowledge of the most metal-poor (hence,
oldest) stars in a given system allow insight into the earliest phases
of star formation before the effects of internal chemical evolution
were imprinted in stars born later with higher metallicity (see
reviews by \citealt{tolstoy_araa} and \citealt{koch_biermann}).

Assuming that the currently observable dwarf galaxies are analogs of
early systems that were accreted to form the halo, they provide an
opportunity to study this assembly history.  Particularly, the
metallicities of stars in dwarf galaxies must reach values as low as
(or lower) than what is currently found in the Galactic halo, and the
abundance ratio of those low-metallicity stars must be roughly equal
to those of equivalent stars in the halo. In the ``classical'' dSph
galaxies, higher-metallicity stars were found to have abundance ratios
different from comparable halo stars. Most strikingly, the
$\alpha$-element abundances are not enhanced, indicating different
enrichment mechanisms and timescales in these systems (e.g.,
\citealt{shetrone03}). But stars with $\mbox{[Fe/H]} < -3$ were
recently discovered the classical dwarf galaxy Sculptor dSph
\citep{kirby09}. A metallicity of $\mbox{[Fe/H]} = -3.8$ for one star
was confirmed from the high-resolution spectrum taken with
Magellan/MIKE \citep{scl}. Additional, similar objects have also been
found \citep{tafelmeyer10}. All their chemical abundances strongly
resemble those of halo stars with $\mbox{[Fe/H]} < -3.5$.

The metallicity-luminosity relationship of dwarf galaxies indicates
that the lowest luminosity dwarfs should contain extremely metal-poor
stars. \citet{kirby08} identified 15 extremely metal-poor stars in the
ultra-faint dwarfs, of which six were observed with high-resolution
spectroscopy (three located in each Ursa Major\,II and Coma Berenices
\citep{ufs}. Two of the stars in Ursa Major\,II are extremely
metal-poor having metallicities of $\mbox{[Fe/H]}<-3.0$. Additional
stars have been discovered in other ultra-faint dwarfs, in Segue and
Bootes \citep{geha09, norris10_booseg,norris_boo}, of which some have
been analyzed with high-resolution spectroscopy
\citep{norris10,norris10_seg,feltzing09}. The neutron-capture elements
are of extremely low abundances throughout the ultra-faint dwarf
galaxies, as well as in Sculptor at low metallicity. The Ba and Sr
values observed are well below the abundances found in typical MW halo
stars with similar Fe abundances. The low neutron-capture abundances
may represent a signature typical of stars with
$\mbox{[Fe/H]}\lesssim-2.0$ in dwarf galaxies. Similarly low values
have been found in the dSphs Hercules \citep{koch_her} and Draco
\citep{fulbright_rich}.

Overall, the detailed studies of stars in the ultra-faint dwarfs
provide the first evidence that the abundance patterns of light
elements ($Z < 30$) in the ultra-faint dwarfs, as well as in Sculptor
at $\mbox{[Fe/H]}\sim-3.8$, are remarkably similar to the Milky Way
halo.  The agreement renews support that the metal-poor end of the MW
halo population could have been built up from destroyed dwarf
galaxies.  These results above are broadly consistent with the
predictions of currently favored cosmological models
(\citealt{johnston08}).  The majority of the mass presumably in the
inner part of the stellar halo (at $\mbox{[Fe/H]}\sim-1.2$ to $-1.6$)
was formed in much larger systems such as the Magellanic Clouds.  New
results support a scenario where the ultra-faint dwarf galaxies
contributed some individual metal-poor stars that are now found
primarily in the outer Galactic halo (although not
exclusively). However, these systems may not have been sufficiently
numerous to account for the entire metal-poor end of the Fe
metallicity distribution of the Milky Way halo. Since the classical
dSphs contain more stellar mass and have been shown to also contain at
least some of the most metal-poor stars, they could have been a major
source of the lowest-metallicity halo content.

\section{Outlook}
Over the last few years many extremely metal-poor stars have been
discovered, particularly in the least-luminous dwarf galaxies. This
has opened a new window to study the formation of our Milky Way and
also small galaxies in the early Universe via detailed knowledge of
the chemical composition of individual stars. Consequently,
``near-field cosmology'' has received an enormous boost: Through the
availability of these new data as well as extensive theoretical
simulations on the same topic.

These early successes will be extended and underpinned by future
large-scale surveys such as the Australian Skymapper survey
\citep{keller} whose filter combinations have been designed
specifically for extracting information on the stellar parameters of
each star. This information is vital for characterizing the stellar
content of any galaxy, and invaluable for efficiently selecting large
numbers of metal-poor stars. No other survey will be able to match
these abilities.  Skymapper will provide an abundance of metal-poor
candidates in need for detailed high-resolution follow up to obtain
abundance measurements. By accessing large samples of fainter stars
in the outer Galactic halo and dwarf galaxies, the next big frontiers
in stellar archaeology and near-field cosmology can be tackled such as
the formation history of the halo, and the formation of the first
low-mass objects (e.g. \citealt{dtrans}). Estimates for the lowest
observable metallicity in the halo, $\mbox{[Fe/H]}=-7.3$ \citep{poll}
suggest that stars with such low metallicities can be found, most
likely in the outer halo. It thus appears within reach to find the
closest relatives to the first stars with the light-collecting power
of the next generation of optical telescopes, such as the Giant
Magellan Telescope, the thirty Meter Telescope or the European ELT, if
equipped with high-resolution spectrographs. Such facilities would
enable not only to reach out into the outer halo in search of the most
metal-poor stars, but also enable the aquisition of spectra with very
high-$S/N$ ratio of somewhat brighter stars. For example, for uranium
and lead measurements in r-process enhanced stars exquisite data
quality is required, which currently is only possible for the very
brightest stars.  \\\\ A.~F. acknowledges support through a Clay Fellowship
administered by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv