text:
Retrospective study of adenovirus in autopsied pulmonary tissue of pediatric fatal pneumonia in South China
Zhi-Ying Ou1,
Qi-Yi Zeng1,2,
Feng-Hua Wang1,
Hui-Min Xia1,
Jun-Peng Lu3,
Jian-Qing Xia1,
Si-Tang Gong1,
Li Deng1,
Jian-Tao Zhang1 &
Rong Zhou1
Adenovirus are the important pathogen of pediatric severe pneumonia. The aim of this study is to analyze the infection, subtype and distribution of adenovirus in autopsied pulmonary tissue of fatal pneumonia in infants and children, and the relationships between adenovirus infection and respiratory illness in South China.
Nested PCR was performed on DNA extracted from autopsied lung tissue from patients who died of severe pneumonia, and the positive nested PCR products were cloned and sequenced. The adenovirus in autopsied pulmonary tissue was also analyzed by immunohistochemistry assay in a blind way.
In the 175 autopsied pulmonary tissues, the positive percentage of adenovirus was 9.14% (16/175) and 2.29% (4/175) detected with nested PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. There are three cases of adenovirus serotype 3, twelve cases of adenovirus serotype 4 and one case of serotype 41 determined by sequencing of the cloned positive nested PCR products.
Adenovirus is an important cause of severe pneumonia, and these data suggest that adenovirus serotype 4 might be an important pathogen responsible for the fatal pneumonia in Guangzhou, South China.
Adenoviruses (AdVs) are non-enveloped, double-stranded DNA viruses that vary in size from 70 to 100 nm. They are the common pathogens of respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, urethral canal and eye characterized by self-limiting infection[1]. AdVs are endemic in children, and infections usually occur at young age (5 months to 6 years)[2, 3]. AdVs can incite continuous and intensive infection with the utilization of a detective or compromised immune system sometimes resulting in lethality[4]. The clinical symptoms of AdVs infection are atypical and variable, including amygdalitis, conjunctivitis, pneumonia, gastroenteritis, hepatitis and hemorrhagic cystitis[2, 3, 5–9]. Local infections generalize in some cases and then have a mortality rate of up to 60%[2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10]. AdVs are the important pathogen of pediatric severe pneumonia, which can cause large-scale epidemics. For example, AdVs pneumonia was the most common pneumonia in Beijing and Shanghai area of China from the 1950s to 1960s characterized by complications, high mortality, but the incidence declined in the late 1980s with some diverging occasionally [11–13]. As reported from Zhang[14], viral pneumonia is mainly caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and AdVs in large cities, with an infection rate of 10%–15% respectively[15]. Adenovirus accounted for 32.2% of severe pneumonia as indicated from the report of Liu et al[16].
The clinical features of AdVs pneumonia in infants and children are emergency onset, violent background, and persistent ardent fever up to 40°C. Severe toxic symptoms all over the body occur in the early stages of infections, with weak consciousness, lethargy and cataphora. Respiratory symptoms include cough, asthma and anhelation. Cardiac and respiratory failures are common occurrences, as well as the fatality rates up to 20%–25%. The aim of this study is to analyze the AdVs infection associated with severe pediatric pneumonia and the relationships between AdVs infection and respiratory diseases. These data should provide information towards more accurate diagnosis and treatment of pediatric severe pneumonia.
Clinical samples
One hundred and seventy five cases of pediatric fatal pneumonia archived paraffin-embedded autopsied pulmonary tissues collected from July 1988 to January 2005 were analyzed in this study. All the samples were collected from Guangzhou Children's Hospital which included 114 male and 61 female specimens, aged one month to 10 years old, with an average age of 17.6 months. All the cases were pathologically diagnosed for interstitial or bronchial pneumonia in autopsia, among which 18 cases were pathologically diagnosised with AdVs pneumonia according to the cytopathology. The specimens were stored at room temperature until the viral genomic DNA was extracted and immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed.
Autopsied tissues were fixed in 10% buffered formalin for 24–48 hours, embedded in paraffin, and sectioned 4 μm thick onto Vectabond treated slides. Tissues were deparaffinized in two changes of xylene and re-hydrated from graded alcohols to distilled water. Tissues were quenched with 3% hydrogen peroxide for one hour. For the primary antibody, mouse-derived monoclonal antibodies against human AdVs hexon (Huayin, Guangzhou, China) were used at a 1:500 dilution and incubated for 1 hour at 37°C. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) labeled secondary antibody included in the MaxVision™ HRP-Polymer anti-mouse/rabbit IHC kit (MaxVision, Fuzhou, China), was applied for 30 minutes at room temperature, followed by 2–6 minutes incubation at room temperature with diaminobenzidine (Dako Corp., CA) for color development. Slides were counterstained with hematoxylin (Harleco®), washed, and dehydrated with alcohol and xylene. Slides were mounted with a cover slip using a permanent mounting medium (Permount).
DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded pulmonary tissue using DNeasy Kit for Purification of Total DNA from Animal Tissue (Qiagen, Germany). The procedures were as follows: 1) Five to eight pieces of 10 μm thick section of paraffin-embedded lung tissue were placed into 1200 μl xylene, vortexed vigorously and centrifuge at 14,000 rpm for 3 min at room temperature. 2) The supernatant was removed and 1200 μl ethanol (96%–100%) was added to the pellet to remove the residual xylene and mixed gently by vortex, the sample was centrifuged at 16,000 rpm for 5 min at room temperature and the supernatant removed. 3) Step 2 was repeated followed by continuation with the manufacturer's protocol: "Purification of Total DNA from Animal Tissues". Finally, DNA was eluted with 200 μl Buffer AE.
Nested PCR conditions
Nested PCR on extracted DNA was performed with degenerate primers according to Allard et al[17], the primers are located in the hexon gene. Five microliters of DNA was amplified in 25 μl 1 × PCR buffer containing 200 μmol/L of each deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP), 1.5 mmol/L of Mg2+, 1 U of Taq DNA polymerase (Promega, USA), and 0.2 μmol/L of each primer. The first round amplification was performed by using a T3 thermocycler (Biometra, Germany) under the following conditions: Initial denaturation at 95°C for 5 min, followed by 30 cycles of 95°C for 30 s, 50°C for 30 s, and 72°C for 30 s, and a final extension at 72°C for 7 min. The second round amplification was amplified with 3 μl of first round PCR product and was performed with the following conditions: Initial denaturation at 95°C for 5 min, followed by 35 cycles of 95°C for 30 s, 55°C for 30 s, and 72°C for 30 s, and a final extension at 72°C for 7 min. The PCR products were separated by electrophoresis through a 2% agarose gel and viewed under viltalight lamp.
DNA cloning and sequencing
The second round PCR products were purified by phenol-chloroform (1:1) extraction, precipitated with ethanol, and dissolved in water. The 171 bp products were cloned into pMD 18-T Simple Vector (TaKaRa, Japan) according to the manufacturer's instruction. Cloned plasmids were sequenced in BioAsia Corporation (Shanghai, China).
Blind Assay
Both nested PCR and IHC were carried out for all the samples. IHC results were confirmed by two pathologists. Positive results of nested PCR and IHC were repeated three times to confirm the results.
All data were analysed by using SPSS for Windows version 11.0 (Chicago, IL, USA).
Use of clinical samples in this research was authorised by the ethic committee of the Guangzhou Children's Hospital. The informed consents were signed with the guardians of the children studied. The study corresponded to the ethic committee standards of Guangzhou Children's Hospital.
The representative positive results of AdVs infected pulmonary tissue are shown in Figure 1. The position of virus infection is distinct, locating in the cytoplasm of acinous cells in the mucilaginous glands under the tunica mucosa bronchiorum. Only 4 cases showed AdVs positive resulting in a positive rate of 2.29% (4/175).
Immunohistochemistry results of autopsied pulmonary tissue. Labeling: A: 100 × (positive), B: 200 × (positive).
Nested PCR
DNA was extracted from 175 autopsied pulmonary tissues and nested PCR was performed with degenerate primers. The results for 12 of the 175 samples are shown in Figure 2. The presence of the 171 bp target band was seen in 16/175 samples. All the results are repeated three times with the same extraction DNA. Therefore, AdVs was detected in autopsied pulmonary tissue at a positive rate of 9.14%.
Agarose gel electrophoresis analysis of nested PCR products in autopsied pulmonary tissues. Labeling: M: DNA molecular marker, N: negative control, 1–2: negative cases, 3–12: positive cases.
The positive nested PCR products were purified, cloned and sequenced. The sequences acquired were subjected to BLAST analysis in Genbank. The results of this analysis were three cases (18.75%) of AdVs serotype 3, twelve cases (75%) of AdVs serotype 4 and one case (6.25%) of AdVs serotype 41 (Table 1).
Table 1 Distribution of adenovirus serotypes in autopsied pulmonary tissue of severe pneumonia
Comparison of pathological diagnosis, IHC and nested PCR
Nested PCR and IHC were blindly assayed for all the autopsied pulmonary tissues. Four cases were positive for both assays, 159 cases were negative for both assays, and 12 cases were positive in nested PCR but negative in IHC. There is no case in which the PCR results were negative and IHC results were positive (Table 2). Results of pathological diagnosis, nested PCR and IHC were also compared. There was only one case positive in three assays, 2 cases were positive in pathological diagnosis and nested PCR but negative in IHC, 15 cases were positive in pathological diagnosis but negative in nested PCR and IHC, 10 cases were negative in pathological diagnosis and IHC but positive in nested PCR, 3 cases were negative in pathological diagnosis but positive in nested PCR and IHC. The others were all negative in three assays (Table 3).
Table 2 Results of coincidence of nested PCR and IHC in AdV detection in autopsied pulmonary tissue of severe pneumonia
Table 3 Results of comparison of pathological diagnosis, nested PCR and IHC in 175 cases of autopsied pulmonary tissue of severe pneumonia
AdVs were the important agent of pediatric severe pneumonia, which can induce large-scale epidemics. AdVs infection was one of the common causes of pneumonia in Beijing and Shanghai area of China from the 1950s to 1960s, with more complications and high fatality rates. In the late 1980s, the incidence declined with only some diverging cases.
RSV and AdVs are the major agents of viral pneumonia in large cities, accounting for 10%–15% respectively[14]. AdVs accounts for 32.2% of severe pneumonia according to Liu et al[16]. The results of virus separation in cell culture in our hospital from 1975 to 1985 showed that the years 1976, 1979, and 1980 were the highly epidemic years (data not shown). Results from ELISA and virus cultures for respiratory disease from January 2003 to December 2005 in our hospital showed the AdVs positive rate was 8.5% (70/824) (data not shown). Our results show that AdVs infection in autopsied severe pneumonia pulmonary tissues was 9.14%. Taken together, these observations indicate that AdVs is still a major agent of severe pneumonia and it plays an important role in lethal severe pneumonia in Guangzhou area. Therefore, we must strengthen the surveillance for AdVs and national recommendations for AdVs vaccine development in future.
AdVs are responsible for much of the public incidence of pneumonia. The 51 different serotypes of human AdVs are classified into six subgenera (subgenera A to F) on the basis of erythrocyte coagulation characteristics, oncogenicity and DNA sequence[2]. The clinical pathogenicity differs among different adenovirus serotypes. The AdVs types within a subgenus are similar in their tropisms, pathogenicity, and tendencies to cause a latent infection and epidemics[17, 18]. Overall frequency of AdVs as the cause of nonbacterial pneumonia in children is less than that of RSV and parainfluenza virus type 3, but an alarming number of fatal illnesses have been noted. Severe and fatal illnesses in infants and children have been noted in association with AdVs types 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7a, 7h, 7i, 8, 19, 21, 35, and the intermediate strain 21/H21+35[19]. Respiratory illness is mainly caused by AdVs serotype 3, 4, 7, 14, 21, and to a less extent by serotypes 1, 2, 5 and 6[6, 18]. Pediatric pneumonia is mainly caused by AdVs serotypes 1, 2, 3 and 7, whereas serotypes 4 and 7 are mainly responsible for adult pneumonia. According to several reports, serotypes 3, 4, 7 and 21 usually cause large scale respiratory illnesses and fulminate prevalence events, causing respiratory illness such as severe lethal pneumonia and pharyngoconjunctival fever [20, 21]. Our data identified 12 cases of AdVs serotype 4 from 175 autopsied pulmonary tissues, suggesting that AdVs serotype 4, which accounts for 75% in the positive cases, might be an important serotype responsible for pediatric fatal pneumonia in the Guangzhou area which locates in South China, and therefore it is important that we pay close attention to the detection of AdVs serotype 4 in pediatric severe pneumonia.
Our results from nested PCR and IHC are in concordance. Twelve PCR positive cases are negative in IHC, suggesting that nested PCR is a more sensitive method for the detection of AdVs and also reflecting the limitation of IHC in pathogen detecting. Results of pathological diagnosis, AdVs nested PCR and IHC were compared. The cases were all negative or positive in the three assays, or positive in pathological diagnosis, nested PCR but negative in IHC representing the coincidental cases with a concordance percentage of 84% (147/175), while others were not as concordant (Table 3). The unmatched results in the three methods indicated that PCR is a more sensitive assay than IHC. Pathological diagnosis of cell morphologic is to a large extent dependent on observation under the microscope with the naked eyes, therefore, the standards are subjective in some degree, which can result in poor specificity, high misdiagnosis or missed rate. Thus, pathological diagnosis has limitations compared with the sensitive, specific and reproducibility of nested PCR assay at the molecular level. As for the archived paraffin-embedded autopsied pulmonary tissues stored from 1988 to 2005 for PCR, the 16 positive samples distribute from 1994 to 2005 but none before 1993. The 15 cases of positive pathological diagnosis without PCR positivity (Table 3), it is possible that these cases or a number of them were older than 15 years, i.e. originating from before 1993, Perhaps the viral DNA in the older samples stored at room temperature more than 15 years degraded seriously and the materials is too old to be assayed by PCR. Concerning severe pneumonia in the clinic, we must strengthen the pathogen detection based on PCR technology, such as fluorescent quantitative PCR, nested fluorescent quantitative PCR, and nested PCR in order to provide more accurate and reliable molecular diagnostics results for pathogen identification underlying the disease and thus avoid the abuse of antibiotics.
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This work was supported by the Tackle Key Program in science and technology (grant no. 2005Z1-E0115 and 2006Z3-E0331) from the Science and Technology Bureau of Guangzhou, by the Science and Technology Program (grants no. 2006-YB-077) from Health Bureau of Guangzhou, and by the Doctoral Initiating Project of Guangzhou Women & Children Medical Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
Guangzhou Children's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, P.R. China
Zhi-Ying Ou, Qi-Yi Zeng, Feng-Hua Wang, Hui-Min Xia, Jian-Qing Xia, Si-Tang Gong, Li Deng, Jian-Tao Zhang & Rong Zhou
Department of Pediatrics, Nangfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510301, Guangdong, P.R. China
Qi-Yi Zeng
College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, P.R. China
Jun-Peng Lu
Zhi-Ying Ou
Feng-Hua Wang
Hui-Min Xia
Jian-Qing Xia
Si-Tang Gong
Li Deng
Jian-Tao Zhang
Rong Zhou
Correspondence to Rong Zhou.
ZYO has been involved in designing the study and drafting the manuscript or revising it critically for important intellectual content. QYZ has made substantial contributions to conception and design. FHW carried out the IHC experiment as a pathologist. HMX participated in the sequence alignment and polished the manuscript. JPL carried out the nested PCR. JQX participated in the IHC experiment. STG participated in the design of the study. LD participated in its design and performed the statistical analysis. JTZ carried out the IHC experiment as a pathologist. RZ has given final approval of the version to be published. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Zhi-Ying Ou, Qi-Yi Zeng contributed equally to this work.
Ou, ZY., Zeng, QY., Wang, FH. et al. Retrospective study of adenovirus in autopsied pulmonary tissue of pediatric fatal pneumonia in South China. BMC Infect Dis 8, 122 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-8-122
Pathological Diagnosis
Severe Pneumonia
Pulmonary Tissue
Hemorrhagic Cystitis


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We have already talked about flowers that bloom in autumn, with some of them bravely facing the first layers of hoarfrost and freezing temperatures. We will this time take a close look at some flowers for wedding in October, a theme we will return to as time goes by.
Alstroemeria or the Inca lily is a flower which symbolizes friendship. The legend says the flower grew out of blood drops shed by a woman who sacrificed her heart to save her boyfriend from death. So what a better choice for a wedding that these flowers with small, bright blooms that grow in clusters and often have freckled petals?
Callas have always impressed through their unusual shape of flowers and the pleasant contrast between the pure white of blooms and the dark green of the rich leaves. These flowers give a distinct feel to any event thanks to their opulent presence, full of elegance.
Delphinium is an autumn plant with typical blue flowers, conjuring images of an English garden. The long stemmed delphinium is characterized by the dense cluster of blooms arranged along the length of the stem, tapering off to form a striking spike of a flower. With hues ranging from pink, purple, red, blue to white, it can be used long in a sheaf style bouquet or individually wired to add blue highlights to your bouquet.
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Lilac, a beautifully fragrant cluster of blooms billowing from woody stems and branches make up the romantic lilac, inspiring us with romantics. It is a simple flower carrying with it the beauty and richness of nature and giving it to someone can always make a fine and simple gesture of friendship.
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Lancashire, UK Police pulled over a toddler for driving a toy that had not been taxed or inspected by the government.
Lancashire, UK Police stopped Oliver Smith, 2, for driving 2 MPH in a toy car without the proper paperwork. An officer warned both the toddler and his grandfather Derek, who was supervising the boy at the time, that driving without a tax or MoT car inspection certificate was a serious offense.
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text:
Decodon es un género de peces de la familia de los Labridae y del orden de los Perciformes.

Especies
De acuerdo con FishBase:

 Decodon grandisquamis
 Decodon melasma
 Decodon pacificus
 Decodon puellaris

Referencias

Bibliografía

Enlaces externos
 ITIS (en inglés)
 BioLib (en inglés)
 Animal Diversity Web (en inglés)
 Catalogue of Life (en inglés)
 World Register of Marine Species (en inglés)
 FishBase (en inglés)
 The Taxonomicon (en inglés)

Labridae

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


1 The purported appointment of the GE News by the chairperson and events leading up to and consequent upon the purported appointment.
2 Other material breaches by the chairperson of statutory requirements and governance protocols of governance protocols of concern to the Baard, including attempts to breach the Public Finance Management Act, and by the Group Chief Executive Officer (GCEO), including actions which the Board is advised constitute dereliction of duty.
3.2 Unanimous decision by non-executives that their relationship with and trust in the chairperson have irrevocably broken down.
4 Initiatives by the Board to integrate the chairperson into Board, and to consult its statutory stakeholders (the Executive authority and Accounting Authority).
• Delayed and prevented the development and implementation of coherent and statutorily-compliant process of turning the SABC around and re-establishing it as a financially sustainable entity.
The Board has taken all reasonable steps to attempt both to integrate the chairperson into a system which operates in a consistent and compliant manner, and to enlighten him as to the obligations of the Board collectively and of directors individually.
It has also repeatedly attempted to advise and inform the GCEO of his obligations and responsibilities.
The purported appointment of a candidate to the vacant post of GE News of the SABC on 20 May 2010 is the most recent in a series of actions and attempted actions by the chairperson of the Board, Dr Ben Ngubane which other non-executive direct ors ate advised materially breach the SABC's and the Board's statutory obligations and as prescribed in the Articles.
Events leading up to it are set out below.
The GE News post has been vacant since Q2 2009, following the expiry of the contract of Mr Snuki Zikalala. Mr Phil Molefe, head of SABC international relations department, has been acting GE News since then, and continues to act in that capacity.
The current Board took office on 10 January 2010 and held its first formal meeting on 29 January 2010. Among its immediate concerns was to normalise the situation in the SABC news division, which plays key roles both in fulfilling the SABC's statutory obligations under the Act and in underpinning the SABC's revenue-generating activities by attracting audiences to its radio and television services. SABC news audiences have been in steep decline both under Mr Zikalala and under Mr Molefe, a factor which has contributed to its declining revenues.
The procedure for appointment of the GE News as set out in the Articles prescribes that the Board shall ... appoint Group Executive Members".
"Group Executive Members" are members of the Group Executive Committee, which is defined in the Act as "consisting of the Group Chief Executive Officer, Chief Operating Officer, Chief Financial Officer and no more than 11 other members". The GE News is one of the 11 other members referred to.
The Board is thus required to appoint to the post and has at no stage considered delegating this responsibility, nor is it entitled to under the mandatory terms of the Articles.
Under these circumstances, the chairperson stated in a Board meeting that the Board's subcommittee on governance, remuneration and nominations (the Governance Committee) would oversee the process of selecting a candidate for the vacant GE News post. The Board accepted this.
On 2 March 2010 the two directors explicitly recommended to the President by Parliament for their experience in broadcasting news operations prepared and submitted to the Governance Committee a memorandum in which they argued that the management arrangements in the news division should be restructured. The memorandum argued that existing management arrangements were such that they would inhibit the prospects of success by any candidate appointed to the position. The chairperson, who also chairs the Governance Committee, overrode objections of other directors on the committee and refused to consider the memorandum, implying that the authors were motivated by racist considerations. This is a matter of record and will be attested to by the directors present.
The Governance Committee thereafter agreed to instruct the group chief executive officer to prepare for consideration by the Governance Committee an advertisement for the vacant post of GE News.
On or about 6 March 2010 staff acting on behalf of the SABC's Chief People's Officer ( who is responsible for these matters) presented to the chairperson an advertisement to the chairperson which he approved without seeking the requisite approval of the Governance Committee. The advertisement is inaccurate in several aspects regarding the responsibilities, mandatory obligations and skills required by the GE News.
On 11 March 2010 directors questioned the chairperson's unilateral approval of the advertisement. He stated that he had relied upon the advice of management and exercised his discretion.
The advertisement was placed and approximately 17 applications submitted. The chairperson received a short-list prepared by staff acting on behalf of the SABC Chief People's Officer, which he presented to the Board. The Board objected to the process.
Instead it appointed, by resolution of the Board and from among its members, an interviewing panel (the Panel) comprising the Governance Committee and other directors. On 17 April the Panel considered the applications and prepared a short-list of candidates to be interviewed.
The chairperson unilaterally cancelled interviews on the day on which they were initially due to take place. He did so without consulting other members of the Panel, on the basis that two members of the Panel were not available and that the interviews could not therefore be properly conducted. He rescheduled the interviews to 11 May 2010. Although three members of the Panel were unavailable, he insisted on proceeding with the interviews, which duly took place.
Following the interviews but before the Panel had convened to consider the merit of the candidates, the chairperson stated informally to other members of the Panel that he had 'scored" the candidates and was satisfied as to who should he appointed.
He made disparaging remarks concerning at least one other candidate.
Shortly thereafter, as two of the panellists were leaving the SABC by car, Dr Ngubane stopped them in the street, leaned into the window of the car and berated them for what he claimed was a subjective approach to the candidates. He asserted that only he from among the Panellists was objective in his assessment arid threatened them that he would go to court if necessary to ensure the appointment of his preferred candidate. Both directors have informed the Board on the record that they felt threatened by the chairperson's behaviour. At that stage the panel had not ... [considered] the merits of the candidates, and had planned to reconvene on Monday 17 May.
It is to be noted that on other occasions, and prior to the short listing process, the chairperson has stated to other directors, Individually, that he was operating under the direct instructions of the President of the Republic and that he was resolved to appoint his preferred candidate, whom he identified by name. He has also been quoted in a newspaper as stating that he was operating under political instruction when making the GE News appointment.
Directors to whom the chairperson spoke will attest to his statements. They and other directors have no doubt that the President would not directly interfere with the authority of an independent accounting authority or try to improperly influence its decisions. The legality of such interference, if indeed it were made, would be particularly problematic for the presidency.
The Panellists reconvened on 17 My to consider the merits of the interviewed candidates. The meeting was initially acrimonious, with Panellists questioning the chairperson's actions in threatening and berating two directors following the interviews. The chairperson asserted that he had done so as part of his commitment to ensure an "objective" decision.
To avoid deadlock, the Panel did not consider the merits of the candidates, but reopened the discussion on restructuring the management of the news division and engaged the possibility of recommending to the Board that three of the four interviewed candidates be considered for various positions in a reorganised news division management structure.
On this basis, they instructed the GCEO to assess the news division management structure and to report back to the Panel before the end of May, upon which the Panel would consider the report, consider the merits of the candidates, and prepare a recommendation to the Board for consideration at a special Board meeting to be convened on 3 June 2010, This was unanimously accepted by the Panellists, who included the chairperson and the GCEO.
On the morning of 20 May 2010, the chairperson and the GCEO met without informing the other Panellists of their intention to do so. Following that meeting the chairperson instructed the GCEO to initiate the process of appointing the chairperson's preferred candidate. The chairperson made no attempt to inform other directors of his decision, either then or later. Directors, including the other Panellists, learned of the purported appointment directly or indirectly via the media.
The deputy chairperson became aware of the purported appointment when she received a telephone call at approximately 11h30 on the same day from a journalist asking for her comment Acting in good faith and believing at the time that the journalist had been misinformed she asserted that no appointment had been made and that she would have been aware of such appointment which was the exclusive prerogative of the Board.
She attempted unsuccessfully to contact both the GCEO and the chairperson immediately thereafter.
She also consulted other directors, who agreed informally both to seek to delay any announcement of the purported appointment - to give them time to clarify the situation and avoid a public perception of conflict within the Board over the appointment - and to confirm, if approached by journalists, the deputy chairperson's statement.
Various directors attempted to contact the chairperson and the GCEO to confirm the purported appointment, also unsuccessfully.
The chairperson has refused to answer the telephone calls of any directors since issuing the instruction for the purported appointment or to meet them (other than the meeting he attended at the request of the Acting Minister of Communications).
The directors agreed on the need for an urgent meeting to receive reports on the purported appointment, to take legal advice on the matter, and to decide on an approach by the Board. The meeting was attended by 10 of the 12 non-executive direct ors. The chairperson, another non-executive director and two executive directors apologised for their absence. The GCEO failed to attend without apology, despite receiving an instruction from the deputy chairperson to do so.
A meeting was duly called in the manner specified in the Articles, and took place on 22 May 2010.
After receiving legal advice and discussing the purported appointment, directors agreed: that no appointment had taken place; that the selection process must continue and that it was a matter of public interest that perceptions created by the announcement authorised by the GCEO be corrected. An 11th non-executive director has since endorsed the decision.
The Board therefore instructed the company secretary to release a statement to this effect and to inform the purported appointee in writing that he had not in fact been appointed.
The Board also took a decision on the relationship of trust between itself and Dr Ngubane. This decision flows from a consistent pattern of behaviour by Dr Ngubane of which the purported appointment is only the most recent example. It was taken unanimously and subsequently endorsed by the 11th non-executive director. It thus reflects the unanimous view of the directors recommended by Parliament and duly appointed by the President, with the exception of Dr Ngubane himself.
Discussion leading up to the resolution addressed in greater detail elsewhere in this memorandum. So too are initiatives taken by the Board at all material times following the purported appointment to keep its statutory stakeholders (the executive authority and the appointing authority) informed of developments.
The Board has sought to arrange to formally meet Dr Ngubane both directly and, because he has refused to engage directly with other directors, through intermediaries. A meeting was scheduled to take place on 26 May 2010. The intention of the Board in convening this meeting was to inform Dr Ngubane of the views of the Board and to attempt to persuade him to work with the Board as required by statute and to comply with the Board's, and individual director's, fiduciary and statutory responsibilities and obligations. Dr Ngubane undertook to attend and the meeting was duly called using the established email procedure. Dr Ngubane did not attend. He has subsequently been quoted by two newspapers as stating that he was unaware of the meeting.
As stated, the purported appointment of the GE News is the latest example of a pattern of behaviour by the chairperson. The Board is not aware of the full range of actions by the chairperson, but is satisfied from those examples of which it is aware that his actions constitute a pattern which materially undermine director's ability to fulfil their fiduciary responsibilities to the SABC and their statutory responsibilities. It is also satisfied that his actions undermine the directors' ability to re-establish good governance procedures at the SABC and to reorganise the SABC on a sound financial and operational footing. The Board was recommended to the President explicitly to achieve these objectives, because of the state of the SABC at the time, recognised by the Department of Communications, National Treasury, the Auditor General of South Africa and the Interim Board of the SABC as being in a state of financial crisis precipitated by simultaneous and deep rooted governance and capacity crises.
In most of these actions of which the Board is aware, the chairperson has cooperated with the GCEO, in his capacity as an executive manager and in his capacity as a director.
The chairperson and the GCEO withheld knowledge from other non-executive direct ors of a request by the Minister of Communications (the Minister) for the first quarterly bilateral meeting between the Minister and the Board an 16 April 2010. At a Board meeting on 14 April 2010, the GCEO and the chairperson acknowledged that they had intended to attend the meeting in the absence of other directors.
The Minister originally issued a formal invitation to the entire Board, in a faxed letter to the chairperson, copied to the GCEO. Neither informed the company secretary nor other directors.
The Board became aware of the invitation by accident in the course of a conversation between an individual director and an official of the DOC on 9 April 2010. The director requested the company secretary to inquire and establish the nature of the meeting and what was required of the Board.
The Board eventually considered the invitation only on 12 April 2010, just two days before the meeting. It was unable to adequately prepare for the meeting, and akthough the GCEO had prepared reports for submission to the meeting, he failed to distribute these to directors either for consideration or discussion, or to enable them to prepare for the meeting. He also refused to provide directors with copies of his reports.
As a consequence, both the Minister and officials of his department found the reports inadequate and criticised both the GCEO and other directors for the inadequacy of their reports and of the failure of the SABC to prepare and implement a turnaround strategy as required under the Government Guarantees provided by National Treasury and in terms of their fiduciary and statutory responsibilities more generally.
Directors have subsequently established from the company secretary the dates of future quarterly bilateral meetings, the next of which is scheduled to take place on 22 June 2010. The Boards next ordinary meeting is scheduled for 23 June 2010, a day after the next scheduled Ministerial bilateral. Dr Ngubane has refused to schedule a meeting prior to the bilateral, ignoring repeated requests by directors, submitted orally and in writing, to do so. He has also refused to consider a change to the corporate calendar to align Board operations with future bilateral meetings and other reporting and accounting cycles.
At its meeting of 22 May 2010 the Board therefore agreed to initiate a process, in the absence of the chairperson, of preparing for the next bi-lateral; of ensuring that the operational processes are initiated on which it is required to report; and of preparing for other budgetary and reporting cycles to be integrated into its work programme. This is addressed in greater detail n the next section. Directors have experienced similar difficulties with regard to its reporting obligations to Parliament.
The Board was unable to properly approve the SABC's first annual, MTEF cycle corporate plan prepared under the oversight of the current Board. It was signed by the chairperson before its general distribution to directors.
At a special Board meeting on 14 April 2010 the Board authorised the GCEO to offer €17.3-million (approximately R161-miilion at the time) to the SportFive agency to secure the broadcasting rights for various Fifa-recognised African football events. In doing so it was aware of the statutory reporting and approval requirements for a transaction of this magnitude. It did not approve any variation from this figure. The Board made the approval conditional upon submission of a written business case for its consideration. It has not, in its view, yet received an adequate business case.
In negotiations with SportFive in Europe on 27 April 2010, the GCEO sought to vary the SABC offer to €19,5-million (approximately R183-million). He sought approval to do so by telephone from the chairperson.
The chairperson approved the upward variation, at the tune the equivalent of approximately R21,237,000. This variation is within the delegated authority of the Board, but approval for this level of expenditure may not be delegated. The chairperson had not been mandated by the Board to act on his own in this matter.
The chairperson has at no stage informed the Board of his actions.
By improperly authorising the GCEO to vary the offer, the chairperson has demonstrated his willingness to take potentially reckless decisions on financial matters in breach of the requirements of the PFMA and to render his co-directors, the Board and die SABC vulnerable to prosecution and to a finding of incurring fruitless and wasteful expenditure.
It is to be noted that the Board authorised the GCEO to enter into these negotiations conditional upon his provision to the Board of a business case for the acquisition of the broadcasting rights. He has, to date, not provided any business case.
The GCEO visited China from 22 to 27 May 2010. The trip was authorised by the chairperson and was primarily for the purpose of presenting a paper to a conference of media executives in China on the Chairperson's behalf. The GCEO was accompanied by his partner on the trip.
The chairperson was the original recipient of the invitation and passed it to the GCEO without consulting other directors.
• Neither he nor the GCFO made provision for the appointment of an acting GCEO in the GCEO's absence.
• The trip provides no particular benefit to the SABC other than to raise the SAD C's diplomatic profile in the Far East.
In respectively making and authorising the trip under the circumstances set out above, the GCEO and the chairperson respectively placed the SABC at significant risk and acted recklessly. By absenting himself without ensuring the appointment of an acting GCEO, the GCEO has been derelict in his duty.
Directors have for several months been concerned at what they perceive as noncompliance by the corporation and by the Board with respect to its practices and accounting obligations.
On 6 May 2010, three directors circulated a memorandum of 15 pages, setting out specific failures of compliance and proposing urgent remedies to achieve compliance. It proposed that the Board meet urgently to approve implementation of these remedies.
In written response the chairperson described the memorandum as an "excellent document", but refused to convene a meeting as in his view "there has been just too many meetings which have been taking place in the absence of well prepared documentation". Instead he stated his intention to have the matter discussed by the Board at some future but unspecified date. He has since taken no action to arrange such a discussion.
Although several of the issues raised in the memorandum were among those identified during the bilateral meeting of 16 April 2010 by the Minister and the DOC as matters of concern to them, the chairperson has refused to schedule a meeting prior to the next bilateral scheduled for 22 June 2010.
Among the activities pushed off the Board's agenda as a consequence of the chairperson's refusal to accept an amended Board calendar, and of the Board's need to put other matters on hold to address the problems of the purported appointment and other initiatives by the chairperson has been a comprehensive series of briefings on all governance-related instruments and guidelines: the Act and other statutes affecting the SABC's broadcasting activities, the PFMA, the Articles, the King rep orts and so on. The Board has nevertheless scheduled this event to take place in time. A briefing to Board members on the Companies Act and the implications of the new Companies Act once it is implemented, has already taken place.
The chairperson has consistently, throughout the past four months, refused to authorise amendment to the corporate calendar to align Board meetings with extern al reporting cycles and internal reporting and planning cycles. He has done so in breach of several Board resolutions to this effect.
He has, in addition, repeatedly, routinely and without consultation, cancelled Board sub-committee meetings through which directors are required to exercise oversight over the activities of the SABC. His reasons for doing so are unclear, although on several occasions as they appears to have been as a consequence of his non-availability to attend those meetings, although he is not a member of the sub-committees whose meetings he cancelled.
in doing so he has hamstrung directors in the exercise of their fiduciary responsibilities and the Board in the exercise its statutory responsibilities and, in various cases, delayed sub-committees from making recommendations for Board consideration, thereby delaying implementation of decisions requiring Board approval.
Since his appointment, the GCEO has consistently failed to report to the Board at times and on matters required of him in terms of his contractual obligations (which incorporate his reporting obligations in terms of the Articles and of the Delegated Authority Framework), and against the requirements set by the Corporate goals approved by the Board. A letter sent to the GCEO by the Board setting out his obligations and scheduling his failure to report against these obligations is attached to this memorandum as Appendix A.
The effect of this failure has been to substantially hamper the ability of the Board to exercise its mandatory oversight of the SABC and to provide it with strategic direction.
As a consequence of the events and developments outlined above, the Board met in formal, quorate session on 22 May 2010 and took the following resolutions (the accuracy of the text is attested as accurate by the company secretary.
The Board of Directors RESOLVED that in the light of the irretrievable breakdown of the relationship of trust between the Board as a collective and the chairperson, the decision of the Board be communicated to the Share holder.
The Board further RESOLVED that the Chairperson of the Board be requested to attend a meeting of the Board wherein the Board members individually and collectively to inform the Chairperson of their feeling in respect of the behaviour of the Chairperson and its impact on the relationship with the Board.
The Board takes the unanimous view that these resolutions were necessitated by the improper behaviour of the chairperson, both with respect to the purported appointments of the GE News and more broadly with respect to the activities of the Board and of the SABC.
Source: Business Day (PDF). Please check against the original.


LaSalle, Ontario(population 30,000) is a beautiful waterfront community located on the Detroit River known as the "Nautical Mile" in Essex County nicely situated between the City of Windsor and the Town of Amherstburg. LaSalle, among one of the oldest French Settlement areas in Southwestern Ontario, named after the explorer Rene-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle. Today the Town of LaSalle is a rapidly urbanizing municipality under taking new urban development design concepts, encompassing large green area space for parks and recreational neighborhood enjoyment. LaSalle has a large network of bicycle trails, wooded areas with unique plant species and wildlife habitat, which from a biological perspective, is considered to be a natural heritage area named the "LaSalle Trail", which connects up to hundreds of hectares of natural heritage parks in addition to connecting up to Windsor, Ontario's own "Windsor Trail" network, allowing people to ride from LaSalle all the way to Windsor's Riverfront Trail.
The LaSalle Vollmer Culture and Recreation Complex, a $30 million dollar recreation complex erected in 2008, serves as a common hub for social and culture needs for all of LaSalle's residents. Encompassing twin ice pads, pool with water slides, fitness, in door walking track / sport facilities and conference areas for cultural groups and services situated on 189 acres of land.
Construction is now under way in LaSalle for a new waterfront park offering fishery spawning, unique under water park for all of Ontario.
For a list of local Elementary schools in LaSalle. The local public high school in LaSalle is Sandwich Secondary School, or Villanova Catholic Secondary School. LaSalle offers a French Immersion program for those who've attended a French grade school. Other useful links for the LaSalle area.
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text:
Attorney General Statements on U.S. Capitol Violence
Home / Attorney General Statements on U.S. Capitol Violence
Violence against persons or property is never an acceptable response to any election outcome and we condemn political violence of any kind. State attorneys general are speaking out about today's violence at the U.S. Capitol. View NAAG's October Statement on Election Violence.
Alabama Attorney General Steve Marshall:
"I condemn, in the strongest possible terms, the actions of those who today attempted to storm the Capitol, a place where passionate but peaceful protestors had gathered and lawmakers debated inside. Our country is built upon the foundation of the rule of law. American democracy guarantees the right of peaceful protest. Those who chose to engage in violence and anarchy should and will be held accountable under the law."
"I stand by the brave men and women of law enforcement as they work to restore order. God bless the Capitol Police and all members of law enforcement who, as always, have showed such great courage in protecting their fellow man."
Arizona Attorney General Mark Brnovich:
"This is America. We do not destroy buildings and institutions in order to save them. I encourage everyone to express themselves in a peaceful way and I hope our elected officials will listen to the concerns of the people. We all need to stop the fighting and start the listening."
Colorado Attorney General Phil Weiser:
"The attack on the U.S. Capitol today is not only an assault on one of our iconic democratic structures, it is an assault on democracy itself. The mob responsible for today's disgraceful spectacle in our Nation's Capitol, and those who encouraged their behavior, must be held accountable. Their actions are the opposite of patriotism."
"I am shocked and saddened that we have come to such a dark moment in our nation's history. Like many Coloradans, I am processing the shame, sadness, and uncertainty I am feeling today. As we look forward, however, we must believe in our nation's experiment of self-governance and our ability to summon the better angels of our nature."
"Today's events remind us that our democratic republic is only as strong as our commitment to it. All of us must recommit ourselves to justice, to civility, to decency, and to the sacred values that have guided our nation for more than 240 years."
"I pray for our elected representatives and senators who will fulfill their constitutional duty to certify the electoral vote count, I pray for our republic, and I pray that we as a people will continue to build a 'more perfect Union.' America represents a bold idea—a commitment to just, orderly, and democratic self-governance. We must all do our part to live up to that idea and be our best authentic selves, particularly during this challenging time."
Connecticut Attorney General William Tong:
"This is no protest, this is a violent insurrection. We're under attack from within — figuratively and in fact," Attorney General Tong said. "The terrorists, traitors and enablers who instigated, aided, and abetted this coup—including those in Congress-- must be held accountable and never walk these halls of democracy again. The President must resign now. Anyone still standing with Donald Trump in his attempt to reject the will of American voters and overthrow our democratically elected government shares his unmistakable guilt. Every American must reject this lawlessness and do everything possible to defend and protect our precious and now fragile union."
Delaware Attorney General Kathy Jennings:
"Patriotism is an action, not a title. Democracy is no more invincible now than it was in 1861, nor in this nation than in any of history's other experiments in self-governance. Our democracy has only been strong when the people, and the government, worked to make it strong and to defend it, including through the transition of power."
"We are witnessing a despicable, unprecedented, and deranged insurrection in our nation's Capitol. People have been hurt and more will be, due in no small part to the actions of Trump, and some Republican officials and bystanders, who have cynically stoked the flames of conspiracy and sedition for months. Our actions have consequences and the time for excuses has come and gone."
"My heart breaks for the shameful display unfolding in Washington. This is not a protest. It is a violent insurrection. It is treason. And it is an assault on the foundation of this country. I am praying for the safety of everyone in the Capitol and hope for the swift and full prosecution of everyone responsible for this dark day in our country's history."
District of Columbia Attorney General Karl A. Racine:
"We call on President Trump to immediately tell his supporters, who are trampling on the District of Columbia and have breached the U.S. Capitol, to cease and desist and return from whence they came in a peaceful manner."
"The United States of America is the world's greatest democracy, and that rests on a peaceful transition of power."
"We urge President Trump to do what he has not yet done, but what he must do: order his supporters to leave the District of Columbia and fully embrace the transition of power to President-elect Joe Biden and Vice President-elect Kamala Harris."
"In the midst of this unrest, all District residents must remain at home. Under no circumstances should anyone travel downtown nor be in the vicinity of federal buildings."
Florida Attorney General Ashley Moody:
"We are a nation founded on a rule of law and respect for those who uphold it. Violence against law enforcement officers attempting to keep the peace is unacceptable and anyone who attacks an officer should be brought to justice."
Georgia Attorney General Chris Carr:
"I support the right of Americans to peacefully protest, but the violence and destruction we are seeing at the U.S. Capitol is unacceptable and un-American. I condemn these actions in the strongest possible sense. You can not support freedom, our Constitution or the rule of law and engage in this type of behavior. Those responsible must be stopped and held accountable. I stand with my Republican attorneys general colleagues in condemning today's violence just as we condemned the violence engulfing America over the last seven months. Thank you to our brave law enforcement officers on the scene right now who are working diligently to secure the People's House."
Idaho Attorney General Lawrence Wasden:
"At its core, America is a nation built on the rule of law and not personalities. I condemn today's acts that sought to override our rule of law, and those whose actions attempted to trample the Constitution. There is no place in the United States for the attempted mob rule that occurred at the Capitol. America is the solution to mob rule, it should never be the source of it."
Illinois Attorney General Kwame Raoul:
"I will always support the right of the people to express their opinions through peaceful protest, as guaranteed by the First Amendment, but let us be clear: what we have witnessed today at the U.S. Capitol is not peaceful, it is not constitutionally-protected, and it is not a 'protest.' This violence is a criminal attack on our democracy."
"The individuals who engaged in such criminal acts should not only be cleared from the Capitol so that Congress can resume its duties, but should be held fully accountable under the law."
"Regardless of one's political ideology, we should all recognize as un-American this attack on our republic: the hate and divisiveness symbolized by the Confederate flag and the noose at the Capitol, and the shameful invocation of Adolf Hitler by a member of Illinois' congressional delegation. From both sides of the aisle, we must unite to condemn what threatens our values, system of government, and the rule of law."
Indiana Attorney General Curtis Hill:
"I condemned the violent rioting last summer perpetrated by people upset over the death of George Floyd. And I condemn the violent rioting today perpetrated by people upset by the outcome of a presidential election."
Kansas Attorney General Derek Schmidt:
"The lawlessness at the U.S. Capitol today is sickening, shameful, inexcusable and counterproductive. I condemn it in the strongest possible terms. This riot, like others before it over the past year, offends the law and order we fight to preserve every day, and it insults the men and women who fought and died for our Constitution and who serve the rule of law. America resolves even our most profound differences through democratic debate, through judicial processes, and sometimes through genuinely peaceful protest, but never through violence."
Kentucky Attorney General Daniel Cameron:
"What is happening on Capitol Hill today is despicable, and I condemn it. We are a country founded on the rule of law. Concerns and grievances are addressed through the political process and through peaceful protests, not violence and anarchy. This must stop."
Massachusetts Attorney General Maura Healey:
Let's call this what it is: an attempted coup. This is on you, @realDonaldTrump. Tell your supporters to leave the Capitol NOW. Praying for the safety of Capitol staff, police, and reporters.
Minnesota Attorney General Keith Ellison:
"The war to overthrow the US govt of 160 yrs ago is being revived today by a treasonous mob storming the US Capitol with confederate flags in a lawless, violent attempt to overthrow our democracy, urged on by the defeated president of the US. They must all be held accountable."
"Democracy is as strong as the people it serves & the American people are strong. More Americans voted in the last election than any time in the last 120 yrs and they delivered a clear, convincing result. Democracy has prevailed & will prevail bc the American people will prevail."
Mississippi Attorney General Lynn Fitch:
"Peaceful protests are a cornerstone of our democracy, but violence and destruction of property are unacceptable. We must continue to support our law enforcement as they protect us. Prayers for unity and peace."
Missouri Attorney General Eric Schmitt:
"Every American has a right to peacefully protest but violence and lawlessness simply cannot be tolerated. Please join me in praying for the Capitol Police and other law enforcement today in Washington DC."
Nebraska Attorney General Doug Peterson:
"Today's violent assault on our US Capitol is an afront to the principles of our Constitution. We are a nation of laws that are designed to maintain order and protect our freedoms. These freedoms include the right to peacefully protest, but lawlessness by any individual or organization cannot be tolerated. We as a people are better than this. We must live up to the greatness of this nation and not submit to lawless impulses."
New Jersey Attorney General Gurbir S. Grewal:
"The peaceful transfer of power is a cornerstone of our democracy. We should call this effort to overturn the will of the voters through violence, intimidation, and lies what it is: an attempted coup. This mob and its enablers must stop and must be held accountable under the law."
New York Attorney General Letitia James:
"The coup attempt initiated by outgoing President Trump has been despicable. Today, it became violent. If blood is shed, it will be on his hands. These actions, fueled by lies and wild conspiracy theories espoused by President Trump, must be unequivocally condemned by every corner of our society.
"Ultimately, I am confident the rule of law will prevail. Joe Biden, our duly elected president, will assume office on January 20th and history will remember this as a sad but unsuccessful attempt to destroy our democratic republic."
Ohio Attorney General Dave Yost:
"The rule of law means the same rules for everybody. Those of us who called for prosecution of the people who stormed the federal courthouse in Portland must apply the same demand to those who stormed the Capitol today.  The color of your skin or the slogan upon your banner do not change what is acceptable and what is not. Let all of us in Ohio remain peaceful. Do not let a sense of injustice produce more injustice."
Oklahoma Attorney General Mike Hunter:
"The violence at the U.S. Capitol is appalling and unacceptable. I echo the sentiments of Vice President Mike Pence, who said 'peaceful protest is the right of every American, but this attack on our Capitol will not be tolerated, and those involved will be prosecuted to the fullest extent of the law."
"I hope Oklahomans join me in praying for those hurt in today's attack on the Capitol, the safety of those attempting to restore order, and pray for peace and healing for our nation."
Oregon Attorney General Ellen F. Rosenblum:
"The Rule of Law and a democratic society apply both in Washington D.C. and in Salem, Oregon. Please keep the peace, people of our state and country."
Pennsylvania Attorney General Josh Shapiro:
"The words of the President and his enablers encouraged the riotous behaviour you saw on the Capitol steps today. Despite efforts to derail our democratic process, Congress will return to the floor tonight and the will of the people will stand."
South Carolina Attorney General Alan Wilson:
"As I watch events unfold at the U.S. Capitol, I am deeply saddened. Peaceful protests and the expression of political beliefs are fundamentally American. However, violence undermines the intended cause of any protest and should never be tolerated. We must come together as a nation, not fracture in lawlessness."
Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton:
"I call on protesters in our state and our nation's Capital to practice their constitutional right in a peaceful manner. I stand for election integrity and the democratic process. I will not tolerate violence and civil disorder."
Utah Attorney General Sean Reyes:
"I condemn, in the strongest terms, the acts of violence at our nation's Capital Building today. I pray for the safety of law enforcement working to keep order, for legislators of all parties as well as other civilians who are protesting peacefully. There is no place for violence in our political discourse, even over the most serious issues and disagreements. We are a nation of laws. This is not how Conservatives and Republicans behave. This is absolutely unacceptable."
Vermont Attorney General TJ Donovan:
"Completely shocking, unacceptable, Un-American behavior by Trump supporters to storm the Capitol in an attempt to stop Congress from certifying Biden's victory. We are governed by the rule of law not by violence. We debate, we vote & we follow the will of the people."
Washington Attorney General Bob Ferguson:
"We can't sugarcoat it. This is a coup attempt. Today we witnessed an attack on the foundations of our democracy."
West Virginia Attorney General Patrick Morrisey:
"First amendment expression should always be welcomed. Violence must not be tolerated. All Americans should speak with one voice against breaching the Capitol."
"We should penalize those who breached the Capitol and broke our laws today to the fullest extent possible. We are a Republic and must oppose the lunatics who resort to violence to achieve their ends. Focus, people. What happened today is not okay on any level."
Wisconsin Attorney General Josh Kaul:
"It's difficult to believe what we're seeing take place at the U.S. Capitol: a fascist riot incited by a lame-duck President desperately and illegitimately trying to cling to power based on absurd lies about the election that amount to voter fraud McCarthyism.
"Those responsible must be held accountable for what appears to be a seditious conspiracy under federal law.
"Once Congress has fulfilled its duty of certifying the results of the presidential election, it should immediately begin proceedings to remove the President from office. Every day he remains in office is a threat to the republic."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Common Vaccine Injury Reactions
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ADEM
Brachial Neuritis
Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome CRPS or RSD
Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA)
Henoch-Schönlein Purpura
Linear IgA Bullous Dermatosis (LABD)
Rheumatoid Arthritis or Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis
SIRVA
Transverse Myelitis
Thrombocytopenia Purpura
Vaccine Injury Case Results & Settlement Amounts
FAQ about Vaccine Injury Compensation Program
How to File a Vaccine Injury Claim
POLYARTERITIS NODOSA (PAN)
What is Polyarteritis Nodosa?
Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN), previously known as panarteritis nodosa and periateritis nodosa, is a rare, however serious disease that causes swelling in the medium-sized blood vessels in the body.
When these blood vessels swell, they become weak, stretched out, or so thin that they rupture and bleed into the surrounding tissue. Consequently, this makes the blood vessels unable to carry blood to different organs throughout the body, which causes serious organ damange. PAN most commonly affects the skin, nerves, joints, intestinal tract, heart, or the kidneys.
Multiple reports in the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) have found that patients can decelop PAN after certain vaccinations. VAERS is a vaccine safety database that contains reports of all negative side-effects to vaccines. It is managed by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and the FDA.
Do You Have a Claim? Get Help Now
Find Out if You Qualify for the Vaccine Injury Compensation Program
See Our Case Results & Compensation Amounts
About the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program
Which Vaccines Have Been Linked to Polyarteritis Nodosa?
For the most part, vaccines are completely safe procedures that prevent communities from suffering outbreaks of deadly diseases like tuberculosis, measles and yellow fever. However, in rare cases, patients can suffer injuries like polyarteritis nodosa as a side-effect of an otherwise safe vaccine.
Although the causes of many vaccine injuries are not clear, research suggests some patients' bodies might over-react to their vaccines, leading to serious side-effects. The following vaccines have been linked to PAN:
Hepatitis B vaccine:
This vaccine protects against the hepatitis B virus. It is typically administered to infants by the time they are 6 months old.
The hepatitis B vaccine has been linked to PAN many times. Multiple science-backed studies explored the potential association between the hepatitis B vaccine and PAN onset.
For example, a 2008 report published in the US National Library of Medicine details the case of a 14-year-old boy who experienced severe PAN symptoms two months after receiving a hepatitis B shot. The study also discusses 27 other cases of blood vessel swelling after hepatitis B vaccinations (Carvalho et al).
Additionally, 2004 report, also published in the US National Library of Medicine, examined 25 cases of PAN reports to VAERS. Ten of those cases occurred within two weeks of receiving a hepatitis B vaccine (Begier et al).
A 2000 study published in Europe PubMed Central discusses two cases of PAN following hepatitis B shots. One patient suffered from cutaneous polyarteritis, which is a type of PAN that only affects the blood vessels in the skin. Meanwhile, the other patient had severe ulcers in his finger, resulting in amputation (De Keyser et al).
DTP vaccine:
The DTP vaccine protects against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (also known as whooping cough).
It is typically administered in five different doses between 2 months and 15 years old.
A report published in Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases details the case of a young boy under the age of 10 who developed cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa (CPAN) after receiving the DTP shot. CPAN is a type of polyarteritis nodosa that only affects the skin, causing painful ulcers and sores.
The original DTP shot has been replaced by a newer version of the vaccine called DTaP or TDaP. Although the new version is thought to be safer, more studies are needed to understand the relationship between DTaP and PAN.
Diagnosed with Polyarteritis Nodosa After a Vaccine?
One of our highly experienced vaccine attorneys can review your case for free
If You Are Diagnosed With PAN
Because Polyarteritis Nodosa affects a variety of organs, the symptoms of PAN vary from person to person. Below, a list of common symptoms typically experienced with PAN:
Sudden Weight Loss
Skin Rashes/Sores
Tenderness in Skin
Severe Muscle and Joint Pain
Blood in the Stool
Weakness, Numbness or Tingling in Hands or Feet
It is important to remember that no two cases of PAN are the same, and every patient will experience different sets of symptoms. Some types of PAN only affect the skin, other types affect only one part of the body, and other types of pan affect multiple organs at once.
If you, or a loved one, has experienced any combination of the symptoms above after receiving a vaccine, you should contact a lawyer with experience filing claims in the Federal Vaccine Court after seeking medical attention. You may be eligible for compensation from the federal government. Our law firm represents victims of vaccine injuries like polyarteritis nodosa at no cost, and you never have to share any portion of your reward with our firm.
If you would like more information, please fill out the online vaccine form on this page or call our offices toll free at (888) 952-5242 for a free case evaluation.
How is Polyarteritis Nodosa Diagnosed?
If a doctor suspects that you have polyarteritis nodosa, they will likely require some of the following procedures in order to make a diagnosis:
An examination of your medical history for symptoms of PAN
A physical examination to observe any visible symptoms (such as skin rashes)
Blood and/or urine tests to look for signs of organ damage
X-rays, CT scans, or MRIs to assess organs
A biopsy, which involves taking a sample of tissue and looking at it under a microscope
An arteriogram, which entails injecting a harmless dye into the veins in order to make any blood vessel inflammations visible
What Causes Polyarteritis Nodosa?
Doctors do not know the exact causes of polyarteritis nodosa. However, many studies suggest that the immune system is involved in triggering PAN.
Additionally, as discussed above, numerous reports have linked PAN to certain vaccination, especially the Hepatitis B and DTP vaccines. More research is needed to fully understand was causes PAN.
PAN does not appear to be either hereditary or contagious.
How is Polyarteritis Nodosa Treated?
The treatment for polyarteritis nodosa varies slightly depending on which organs are involved. Generally, the base treatment for PAN includes a round of immune system-suppressing medications, called immunosuppressants. Though effective, immunosuppressive medications can come with many side effects that patients should be aware of.
In addition to immunosuppressants, patients whose organs are affected by PAN are typically prescribed a corticosteroid and a drug called cyclophosphamide. Cyclophosphamide is sometimes used to treat cancer, however it is also used to treat PAN at much lower doses (which is NOT a cancer).
How long does it take to recover from polyarteritis nodosa?
Recovering from polyarteritis nodosa is a long and painful process due to the severe side-effects of immunosuppressants. It takes anywhere from three months to two years to make a full recovery from PAN.
Additionally, it is estimated that between 10-40% of PAN patients suffer a relapse, so continued follow-ups with your physician are important to ensuring a full recovery.
What to do if you developed polyarteritis nodosa after a vaccine:
If you feel that you have developed Polyarteritis Nodosa due to an injection, you should first seek medical attention because early treatment is key to making a full recovery. In addition to speaking with your doctor, you should contact a lawyer who is experienced in representing victims in the Federal Vaccine Court, as you may be eligible for compensation from the federal government.
Filing a vaccine injury claim is very complex. However, there are no legal costs for an injured patient represented by Maglio, Christopher and Toale, P.A. When your case is complete, our law firm asks the Court for reimbursement of the fees and costs incurred representing you. This reimbursement is separate from any money that you are awarded by the Federal Vaccine Court.
You never have to share ANY portion of your money for damages with our law firm. Click here to find out more about the legal process of vaccine injury compensation.
https://www.vasculitisfoundation.org/education/forms/polyarteritis-nodosa/
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/13284-polyarteritis-nodosa/management-and-treatment
https://europepmc.org/abstract/med/10728450
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1005537/pdf/annrheumd00502-0056.pdf
https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/hep-b.html
Common Adverse Vaccine Reactions
Dermatomyositis or JDM
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS or RSD)
Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP)
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM)
Rheumatoid Arthritis or JRA
Henoch Schonlein Purpura
Syncope (Fainting After a Vaccine)
Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis
CONTACT US NOW ABOUT YOUR VACCINE INJURY
Approx. Date of Vaccination
This date is important to help us to fully evaluate your claim
Describe Your Vaccine Injury
OPTIONAL: Upload Documents That May Be Helpful to Evaluate Your Case
Accepted file types: jpg, pdf, png, tiff, gif, xls, txt, doc, rtf.
I agree to these Termsby Clicking "Send" Below.
Contact Us About Your Vaccine Injury
If you believe you have a possible vaccine injury claim, our highly experienced team will review your case at NO COST to you.
MCT Law has been representing vaccine injury clients for 20 years.
Vaccine Injury Compensation Polyarteritis Nodosa Triggered by a Vaccine


A fine pair of English ship's wheels set with a clock to one and a barometer with thermometer to the other. The silvered dials engraved with calibrations and painted with Roman numerals, the pedestals and wheels satin gilt brass with oxidized silver plated details and spokes. English throughout circa 1870.


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Q: microsoft graph webhook unconsistent notification delay I have set up a microsoft graph webhook to monitor changes in messages, with my application, that was working great in production.
What is happening is the webhook is not sending notifications as quickly as I would expect it to send its notifications. Sometimes it is immediate, sometimes it takes an hour, I do not understand why this is happening.
Any help would be much appreciated.

A: Webhooks subscriptions expire after a certain time and/or if your webhook crashes often or takes too long to reply on regular basis.
You need to renew your subscription on regular basis in order to keep it going.
You can find more information about that here https://www.eliostruyf.com/creating-and-renewing-your-microsoft-graph-webhook-subscriptions/
I don't think you should be expecting any guaranties that the notification will be instantaneous (or almost). The reason is all that works with a message queue pattern and a reduce pattern behind the scenes. Notifications are async, and can be delayed depending on the service, on the number of notifications to go to the same subscriber and so on

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Just one day of rest after pacing at the New Jersey Marathon and it is back to the grind. I threw in some speed training in the middle of today's 5:00 AM run - a few 6 minute bursts at hard effort. I'm looking forward to treating Saturday's Long Island Greenbelt Trail 50k as a fun run with a bunch of friends. Rumor also has it that Annette Bednosky will be returning to defend her 2007 title. Of course, the usual crew including Frank and Emmy will be there. I hope to have a preview of the race up in the coming days.
Today is supposed to be National Teacher Day (so, hug your teacher). It is also International No Diet Day - a day for all to appreciate the body we have and recognize that people come in all shapes and sizes. International No Diet Day was created by Mary Evans Young (the director of the group "Diet Breakers") in 1992 after personally experiencing anorexia. She founded the group to help people appreciate themselves for what they are and how they look. "Anti-diet groups exist to assist and support people who suffer illnesses like anorexia, in their efforts to shed fat and be thin. In addition to anorexia, other medical problems can result from taking diet pills, and surgeries, such as stomach stapling, to control weight. International No Diet Day is a good opportunity to reassess and evaluate your weight management goals and perspective, and to make certain your efforts to be thin don't come at a risk to your health."
Have a blast!! I'll be at work THINKING about running on the 10th! Do great!!


text:
Thank you so much for sharing your book with me and agreeing to do a Q&A for my readers.
Give us a quick summary of Girl of Glass the first book in your fantasy series!
Girl of Glass is a blend of Sci-Fi and paranormal in a dystopian world.
Two worlds... one glass wall... no turning back.
Seventeen-year-old Nola Kent has spent her life in the domes, being trained to protect her little piece of the world that has been chosen to survive. The mission of the domes is to preserve the human race, not to help the sick and starving. But when outsider Kieran Wynne begs for Nola's help in saving an innocent life, she is drawn into a world of darkness and danger. The suffering on the other side of the glass is beyond anything Nola had imagined, and turning her back on the outside world to return to the safety of the domes may be more than she can stand. Even when her home is threatened by the very people Nola wants to help.
Your other two series, The Chronicles of Maggie Trent and The Tale of Bryant Adams are also fantasies. What about this genre draws your interest so much?
I love all the possibilities fantasy allows. Maggie Trent takes place in a whole different world, but Bryant Adams happens in Manhattan. You can tweak and toy with reality in so many amazing ways. It's like working with an endless playground.
The country of Girl of Glass paints a grim future for our world. What inspired the world of Vampires and Domes that we see here?
I wanted to look at the end of the world from the point of view of the one percent chosen to survive. I chose to keep the cause of the end of the world realistic (pollution and the overuse of resources) and allow paranormal elements to exist outside the realm of the privileged few. At the end of it all, I really want readers to look at the madness of Girl of Glass and ask themselves what the obligation of the fortunate are to help those in need.
What is your writing process like? Do you plan everything out in advance or let yourself discover the story as you go along?
It really depends on the project. Sometimes, I know exactly where I want all the twists and turns to happen; other times, I start with only a concept and an end point in mind. For Girl of Glass, I knew the premise I wanted to use and how the world worked, but from there I really let the story grow as it unfolded. It's made the process a ton of fun.
Girl of Glass is published through Fiery Seas Publishing, a small press. Can you share why you decide to work with Fiery Seas and what the benefits of a small press have been for you?
I enjoy working with a small press because of the freedom and intimacy a tight knit work community allows. I know who my editor is going to be. I'm in direct contact with the head of the company. There are no assistants to the assistant filtering through emails. It lets the work get done in a much more streamlined manner.
How long did it take you to get this book published, from its initial conception to the release date?
About two years from first deciding I wanted to write a mid-apoclyptic sci-fi with chemically-induced vampires to the book actually being in print.
What was the biggest hurdle you had to overcome in completing your book?
The end of the vampire hype. I was ready to submit Girl of Glass just as vampires fell back out of fashion. It took quite a few submissions, and I'm so thankful Fiery Seas was willing to look beyond the word "vampire" to what the story really is.
What other books and authors inspire you?
I'm currently obsessed with Six of Crows by Leigh Burdugo. Her world building and intrigue skills are just fantastic. Her writing is something we can all aspire to.
The central characters of the book, Nola, Kieran and Jeremy are all such complex characters. Can you share with us how you create your vibrant cast?
It all started with Nola. I wanted her to be strong enough to take on the challenges presented to her, but not the type you would pick to be a hero. For the boys, I knew I wanted them both to be damaged. I don't think a good person could watch the world crumble and not have some massive issues. From there, it was a matter of building their histories and learning their individual strengths and needs.
There are many different kinds of vampires in Young Adult literature. What makes your vampires different?
My vampires, rather than being created through paranormal means, are made by taking drugs created to survive the extremely deadly environment of the outside world. They have the same need to drink blood as their only nutrition, the same deadly reaction to sunlight, but there is no supernatural involvement.
The second book of your series, Boy of Blood is already out. When can we expect Book 3?
Absolutely! Book three is already to Fiery Seas, and I'm really excited to begin work on the fourth and final installment.
What is the first book that made you cry?
The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe.
What is your writing Kryptonite?
I write too many things too quickly, and it drives my agent crazy.
What advice do you have for aspiring writers looking to publish their first novel?
Just keep writing. It's hard. Editing sucks. Submissions are worse. But keep writing. If the story never gets off your laptop, putting down the words is still a worthy endeavor.
What is your favorite book to recommend to others?
Six of Crows! Also anything by Madeline L'Engle, and the Chronicles of Narnia.
You can buy the first book in Megan's series, Girl of Glass, now on Amazon!
A Review of The Good Demon


If you work with NPIV, you might have experienced it: everything is working fine, but there are mysterious errors 7870C5A4 on VIOSes. Disturbing.
There are two storage ports hba2, and hba3 that are part of zone sets, but they are not used to present volumes to the client LPAR. For every port zoned but not mapped, one error entry will be generated in VIOS, while running cfgmgr on the client LPAR. One error 7870C5A4 entry will be generated for the storage port hba2, one will be generated for the storage port hba3.
If you want to get rid of the entries in the error log, align your zoning with the mapping on the storage. Either narrow your zoning, or widen your mapping on the storage. Hope this helps.
BTW: I don't know, what the error means, whether it is a bug, or an ignorable error entry. I just like an empty error log.