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text:
Walter Webster[1]
John Webster
Birth 12 Apr 1817 Glasgow, Lanarkshire, Scotland
Died 20 Sep 1894 Ann's Villa, Zuurberg, Somerset East District, Eastern Cape, South Africa
Family 1 Ann Elizabeth Whall, b. 24 Nov 1819, 7 Callender Yard, Long Alley, Moorfields,
Married 7 Oct 1839
1. James Webster, b. 4 Jan 1843, 26 Wapping Wall, St Paul's Shadwell, London, England
2. John Webster, b. 1 Aug 1840, 26 Wapping Wall, St Paul's Shadwell, London, England
3. stillborn Webster, b. 24 Dec 1841, 26 Wapping Wall, St Paul's Shadwell, London, England
4. Samuel Webster, b. 24 Oct 1844, 26 Wapping Wall, St Paul's Shadwell, London, England
5. George Webster, b. 18 Nov 1846, 26 Wapping Wall, St Paul's Shadwell, London, England
6. Robert Webster, b. 3 Dec 1848, 64 Broad St, Ratcliff, London, England
7. Ann Webster, b. 24 Oct 1850, Victoria Street, Port Elizabeth, Eastern Cape, South Africa
8. William Webster, b. 16 May 1852, Victoria Street, Port Elizabeth, Eastern Cape, South Africa
9. Isabel Ann Webster, b. 31 May 1854, Adderley Street, Port Elizabeth, Eastern Cape, South Africa
10. John Webster, b. 29 Jan 1856, Klein Plaas, Bonjies River, Zuurberg, Eastern Cape, South Africa
11. Elizabeth Pearssa Webster, b. 22 Dec 1857, Klein Plaas, Bonjies River, Zuurberg
12. Ann Elizabeth Webster, b. 28 Oct 1859, Port Elizabeth, Eastern Cape, South Africa
13. Alfred Webster, b. 9 May 1861, Klein Plaas, Bonjies River, Zuurberg
14. Walter Webster, b. 9 Oct 1864
Family 2 Mary Ann Eatwell, b. 5 Aug 1824
1. Mary Dorcas Webster, b. 9 Oct 1864, Somerset East, Eastern Cape, South Africa
Ann Elizabeth Whall
Birth 24 Nov 1819 7 Callender Yard, Long Alley, Moorfields,
Died 31 May 1865 Basson's Kloof farm, Somerset East district, Eastern Cape, South Africa
Family John Webster, b. 12 Apr 1817, Glasgow, Lanarkshire, Scotland
Constance Agnes Elizabeth Goldswain
Birth 8 Feb 1865
Father George Goldswain, b. 31 Mar 1841, Bathurst District, Eastern Cape, South Africa
Mother Agnes Emma Humphries, b. Est 1846
Family Walter Webster, b. 9 Oct 1864
1. Spencer Landale Webster, b. 1 Jul 1896
Spencer Landale Webster
1896 - Abt 1986 (89 years)
Father Walter Webster, b. 9 Oct 1864
Mother Constance Agnes Elizabeth Goldswain, b. 8 Feb 1865
Family Winifred Long, b. Est 1910
Name Walter Webster [2]
Born 9 Oct 1864
Father John Webster, b. 12 Apr 1817, Glasgow, Lanarkshire, Scotland , d. 20 Sep 1894, Ann's Villa, Zuurberg, Somerset East District, Eastern Cape, South Africa (Age 77 years)
Mother Ann Elizabeth Whall, b. 24 Nov 1819, 7 Callender Yard, Long Alley, Moorfields, , d. 31 May 1865, Basson's Kloof farm, Somerset East district, Eastern Cape, South Africa (Age 45 years)
Family Constance Agnes Elizabeth Goldswain, b. 8 Feb 1865
1. Spencer Landale Webster, b. 1 Jul 1896, d. Abt 1986 (Age 89 years)
Last Modified 14 Jun 2007
[S615] GOLDSWAIN 1820 GEDCOM, Stratford, Len.
[S3527] 1820 Settler's Centenary Genealogical records, (https://familysearch.org/search/catalog/305287), https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSVZ-5SMF-3?i=900&cat=305287 (Reliability: 3).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Home / January 2014 Newsletter
January 8, 2014 The Talloires Network Newsletter
Leaders in the Civic Engagement Movement Series
Regional Network News
Talloires Network Programs
Talloires Network News
To see a full list of our 308 member institutions,
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About the Talloires Network
The Talloires Network secretariat is located at Tufts University.
Rob Hollister
Robert.Hollister@tufts.edu
Dr. Lorlene Hoyt
Director of Programs and Research
Lorlene.Hoyt@tufts.edu
Jennifer Catalano
Director, Youth Economic Participation Initiative
Jennifer.Catalano@tufts.edu
Amy Newcomb Rowe
Program Manager, Youth Economic Participation Initiative
Amy.Newcomb@tufts.edu
Rantimi Oluwasegun
Budget and Program Coordinator, Youth Economic Participation Initiative
Rantimi.Oluwasegun@tufts.edu
Maureen Keegan
Maureen.Keegan@tufts.edu
Edwin Nelson
Program Assistant, Youth Economic Participation Initiative
Edwin.Nelson@tufts.edu
Steering Committee members
Mark Gearan (Chair)
President, Hobart and William Smith Colleges
Janice Reid (Vice-Chair)
Vice-Chancellor, University of Western Sydney
Lisa Anderson
President, American University in Cairo
Scott Cowen
President, Tulane University
Cheryl de la Rey, Vice-Chancellor and Principal, University of Pretoria
Sharifah Hapsah Shahabudin
Vice-Chancellor, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Shamsh Kassim-Lakha
Founding President, Aga Khan University
Anthony Monaco
President, Tufts University
Olive Mugenda
Vice-Chancellor, Kenyatta University
José María Sanz Martínez
Rector, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
María Nieves Tapia, Director, Latin American Center for Service-Learning
Timothy Tong, President, Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Secretary General, Association of Commonwealth Universities Update from the Chair: President Mark Gearan Happy New Year! I would like to announce that Talloires Network members have voted to approve the slate of three nominees to the TN Steering our Steering Committee: Cheryl de la Rey, Vice-Chancellor, University of Pretoria (South Africa); María Nieves Tapia, Director, Latin American Center for Service-Learning (Centro Latinoamericano de Aprendizaje y Servicio Solidario) (Argentina); and Timothy Tong, President, Hong Kong Polytechnic Univesity. All three have been elected to serve a three-year term through December 31, 2016. I would like to welcome and introduce these new members of the Network's governing body. Each brings impressive vision, experience and working ties to our work. Here is some brief background information on the new SC members:Cheryl de la Rey, Vice-Chancellor and Principal, University of PretoriaIn her inaugural address at the University of Pretoria in 2010, Professor de la Rey emphasized the University's role in civic engagement and social responsibility, stating, "a strong, resilient and peaceful democracy depends on a shared sense of civic responsibility, social interconnectedness and social justice. " Prof. de lay Rey is registered as Psychologist by the Health Professions Council of South Africa and a fellow of the Psychological Society of South Africa. She has played a key role in several education policy- and research-related committees, including the National Advisory Council on Innovation, the National Human Resource Development Council, the Council of the Botswana University of Science and Technology. Professor de la Rey previously served as CEO of the South African Council on Higher Education and as Professor of Psychology and Deputy Vice-Chancellor, University of Cape Town.
María Nieves Tapia, Director, Latin American Center for Service-Learning (Centro Latinoamericano de Aprendizaje y Servicio Solidario)
Nieves Tapia is the Founder and Director of the Latin American Center for Service-Learning, a major provider of training, program development assistance, and research in Latin America and beyond, and a partner regional organization of the Talloires Network. From 1997 to 2009, she initiated and coordinated national service-learning programs for the Argentina Ministry of Education. In 2002 and 2003, she coordinated the Solidarity Program Schools for the city of Buenos Aires. A pioneering leader in higher education civic engagement (and in primary and secondary education as well), she has delivered speeches at higher education conferences in many countries including Ireland, Australia, Spain, South Africa, Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, and the U.S. Prof. Tapia was a founding board member of the International Association for Research on Service-Learning and Community Engagement.
Under Professor Tong's leadership and as one of its major activities celebrating its 75th anniversary in 2012, Hong Kong Polytechnic University instituted a degree requirement that all undergraduates complete a community service learning requirement. Also in 2012 PolyU hosted "The First Summit on University Social Responsibility," attended by academics from across China and other countries. Prior to becoming President of Hong Kong PolyU, Professor Tong served as Dean, School of Engineering and Applied Science at George Washington University in the U.S.
I would also like to recognize Rafael Velasco, Rector, Universidad Católica de Córdoba (Argentina) and Jerome Slamat, former Chairperson, South African Higher Education Community Engagement Forum, who completed their terms at the end of December, 2013. We greatly appreciate their hard work and outstanding contributions to the TN Steering Committee during their terms. I am grateful that Rector Velasco has been an influential voice in support of community partnerships in our movement. I also appreciate very much Dr. Slamat's forceful advocacy for the vital role of partner networks and for the Networks' promotion of community-engaged scholarship.
January 2014 Leaders in the Civic Engagement Movement: South Africa and Egypt
Co-edited by Lorlene Hoyt and Amy Newcomb Rowe
January signals the fourth edition of the expanded series. This issue begins with a tribute to Nelson Mandela. Next, we include an introduction to South Africa and the University of Pretoria and an interview with Cheryl de la Rey, Vice-Chancellor and Principal of the University of Pretoria. Also featured is an introduction to Egypt and the American University in Cairo and interviews with Lisa Anderson, President of the American University in Cairo and Nelly Corbel, Program Manager, University Civic Engagement, at the Gerhart Center at AUC as well as Rana Gaber, Director of Programs, Egyptian Youth Federation. Learn More>>
Regional Networks News
Pakistan Chapter of TN Holds Organizing Conference at National University of Sciences and Technology
In July 2013, the Pakistan Chapter of the Talloires Network (PCTN) was established and a Steering Committee of 6 members was elected: Dr. Mansoor Akbar Kundi (VC Gomal Unuversity, DI Khan), Dr. Talat Naseer Pasha (VC University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore) Dr. Zakir Hussain (VC Government College University, Faisalabad), Vice Admiral Shahid Iqbal (Rector Bahria University), Dr. Nisar Ahmad Siddiqui (Director Sukkur Institute of Business Administration, Sukkur), and Dr. Najma Najam (VC Karakoram International University). Learn More>>
CLAYSS Online Capacity Building Course
CLAYSS will be holding an online course from March to July, 2014 aimed at promoting the development of a high quality service-learning pedagogical proposal in Higher Education institutions. Registration will open February 24, 2014. Learn More>>
Kettering Foundation – Talloires Network Hold Workshop on Regional Perspectives on University Civic Engagement
From December 16 through December 19, 2013, the Talloires Network and Kettering Foundation co-hosted a workshop in Boston, Massachusetts, entitled "Regional Perspectives on University Civic Engagement." Learn More>>
Faculty and Staff Professional Development Program Workshop to be Held in Amman, Jordan
The Faculty and Staff Professional Development Program will hold its second workshop in Amman, Jordan on February 9 and 10, 2014. The workshop will be facilitated by Andy Furco and will focus on the topic: How to Integrate Civic Engagement onto University Campuses in the Arab Region: A Consultation for University Presidents and Senior Administrators. Please contact Dina Sherif, Senior Advisor for Civic Engagement at Silatech, dsherif@silatech.com for more information.
Faculty and Staff Professional Development Program Webinar
The first of three FSPD Webinars, The Developing of an Integrated Strategy for Community Development, will be held on Thursday, February 13, 2014 from 3:00PM – 4:15 PM UTC. For more information on this webinar or the other two in the series, please click here.
2014 MacJannet Prize for Global Citizenship
Final reminder – Nominations for the 2014 MacJannet prize are due on Friday, January 24, 2014! Visit the MacJannet section of our website to download an application form, see the timeline for 2014 nominations, review the selection process and view the profiles of previous winners.
Job Opening – Director, Stanford University Programme in Cape Town
The Bing Overseas Studies Program at Stanford University is seeking qualified candidates for the position of Director for its programme in Cape Town, South Africa. Applicants are encouraged to respond promptly. This is an immediate opening with a target start date of April 1, 2014, or sooner. Learn More>>
Community-Campus Partnerships for Health Annual Award
Community-Campus Partnerships for Health (CCPH) is now accepting applications for the 2014 CCPH Annual Award. Exemplary partnerships from anywhere in the world that are striving to overcome the root causes of health, social, environmental and economic inequalities are invited to apply for the award, presented at the 13th International CCPH conference, April 30-May 3, 2014 in Chicago, Illinois. Applications are due February 10, 2014. Learn More>>
Healthy, Resilient Communities: Call for Papers
Volunteer Canada, Canadian Alliance for Community Service-Learning, Algonquin College, and Community First: Impacts of Community Engagement are now accepting papers for the 2014 CSL and CE Conference. The conference theme will be to explore the contributions of community campus partnerships in supporting the development and maintenance of healthy resilient communities. The conference will be held in Ottawa, May 28 to 30 2014. Proposals are due February 28, 2014. Learn More>>
First Regional University Association Launched
In an article for University World News, Miriam Wells writes about the launch of the Association of University Rectors' Councils of Latin America and the Caribbean. ACRU-LAC hopes to achieve many of the same success as the European Universities Association (EUA). Learn More>>
AAC&U Institutes Now Accepting Applications
Applications are being accepted through March 4, 2014 for the Institute on High-Impact Practices and Student Success to be held June 17-21, 2014 at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee and March 14, 2014 for the Institute on Integrative Learning and the Departments to be held July 9-13, 2014 at California State University, Fullerton, both held by the American Association of Colleges and Universities. Learn More>>
Intercultural Horizons: Intercultural Strategies in Civic Engagement
Edited by: Eliza J. Nash, Nevin C. Brown, Lavinia Bracci
This volume features a collection of papers from the second annual Intercultural Horizons conference held in October 2012 in New York City (USA). The 2012 conference was the second in what is becoming an annual series of meetings, and the present volume therefore is a companion to one issued last year by Cambridge Scholars Publishing (Intercultural Horizons: Best Practices in Intercultural Competence Development, 2012). Learn More>>
Developing and Assessing Personal and Social Responsibility in College: New Directions for Higher Education
Edited by Robert D. Reason
This volume explores the research and practice related to the development of personal and social responsibility in college, drawing data directly from institutions that were part of the Core Commitments Initiative and providing instructive examples of good practice at both the programmatic and institutional levels. This volume is the 164th volume of the Jossey-Bass quarterly report series New Directions for Higher Education. Addressed to presidents, vice presidents, deans, and other higher education decision makers on all kinds of campuses, it provides timely information and authoritative advice about major issues and administrative problems confronting every institution. Learn More>>
The Forefront of International Higher Education
Edited by Alma Maldonado Maldonado and Roberta Malee Bassett
This book honors Philip G. Altbach as a founding father of the field of international and comparative higher education; makes a fresh examination of the current state of the field of comparative higher education, with experts from different schools of thought and academic traditions; and contrasts some of the most important tendencies in this field. Learn More>>
For a complete list of upcoming events, visit our website>>
9th International Congress of Higher Education. University 2014. Havana. Cuba. 10 – 14 February 2014. Convened with the declaration "For a Socially Responsible University", University 2014 renews the commitment of people attending these events with university and with its time, propitiating current reflections and debates on the field of Higher Education. Congress University is well known as an academic field that point to reflective, deep and open dialogues among main parts of Higher Education and the society they belong to, in order to evaluate best solutions to pressing problems in the realities of our countries. Plus, it promotes new ideas about different issues related to international agenda of Higher Education and contributes to new networks knowledge and emotions among principals, teachers and students. Learn More>>Ashoka U Exchange. The New Scholar. Brown University. Providence, Rhode Island. USA. 20 – 22 February 2014.The 2014 Exchange seeks to build a model of The New Scholar as a collective identity emerging from both the curriculum and co-curriculum: students from different formal and informal educational settings; faculty, staff, and administrators from various higher education institutions; as well as practitioners whose work takes place in the community. Learn More>>
DML 2014. Connecting Practices. Boston, MA. USA. 6 – 8 March 2014.
DML2014 Connecting Practices calls on all of us to build shared agendas and goals, to reach across the boundaries that separate our disciplines, fields, institutions, and sectors to re-imagine the where, when, and how of educational practice. Learn More>>
International African Forum II. Pretoria. South Africa. 8 – 9 April 2014.
The Australia Africa University Network and the ACU will host the second International Africa Forum, themed 'The Power of Partnerships', on 8-9 April 2014 in Pretoria, South Africa. The Forum, following on from the first International Africa Forum, will bring Australian and African researchers, policy-makers, officials and other interested parties back together again to discuss areas of mutual interest. Learn More>>


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DOI: 10.1039/C6CE02344D (Paper) CrystEngComm, 2017, 19, 154-165
Synthesis of Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 nanostructures by simple aqueous precipitation: understanding the fundamental chemistry and growth mechanism
Basudev Swain† a, Duk-Hee Lee† a, Jae Ryang Park a, Chan-Gi Lee a, Kun-Jae Lee b, Dong-Wan Kim *c and Kyung-Soo Park *a
aAdvanced Materials & Processing Center, Institute for Advanced Engineering (IAE), Yongin, Korea. E-mail: kspark@iae.re.kr; Fax: +82 31 330 7113; Tel: +82 31 330 7422
bDepartment of Energy Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
cSchool of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Korea. E-mail: dwkim1@korea.ac.kr; Tel: +82 02 3290 4863
Received 9th November 2016 , Accepted 21st November 2016
First published on 5th December 2016
Lindgrenite (Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2) nanoflowers were synthesized through the simplest possible route by an aqueous chemical precipitation technique at room temperature without using any surfactants, template, expensive chemicals, complex instrumentation or tedious multistage synthesis process. Their morphology, structure, thermal properties, surface area, synthesis chemistry, and structural and growth mechanisms involved in the synthesis process were analyzed. Using XRD, FE-SEM, HR-TEM and FT-IR spectroscopy, their structure and morphology were analyzed. The thermal stability, surface area and porosity of the Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 nanoflowers were analyzed by TGA and BET. XRD analysis showed that the Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 nanoflowers have a pure monoclinic structure. The morphological analysis showed that the Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 nanoflowers are ∼10 μm in size, which are formed from self-assembly of thin nanosheets with a thickness of ∼20 nm. TGA indicated that the Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 nanoflowers are stable materials up to 328 °C and the isotherm from BET analysis indicated that the Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 nanoflowers are non-porous materials. The BET surface area of the synthesized Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 nanoflowers was found to be 21.357 m2 g−1. Moreover, the effects of the pH value and reaction time on the morphology of the Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 nanoflowers were studied and their optimization was performed. The results of the optimization study indicated that the reaction time and pH are two important parameters influencing the nucleation, growth, morphology, and synthesis mechanism. These flower-shaped Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 nanostructures are promising precursors for preparing molybdenum oxide materials which have various applications and can be synthesized in a very simple one-pot reaction system using commonly available chemicals without using a complex route.
Lindgrenite, Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2, is a naturally occurring uncommon material having hard ferrimagnet characteristics with a TC of 13 K and a coercive field of 4800 Oe at 2 K.1–3 Upon annealing, Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 can undergo a phase transformation to form tertiary copper molybdate (Cu3Mo2O9), which exhibits excellent magnetic and photocatalytic properties.4 The same material has outstanding performance in photocatalysis, photocurrent response and lithium storage batteries.5,6 Naturally occurring lindgrenite is contaminated with other impurities which make the material unfeasible to use for specific applications. Polyoxometalates including the tertiary copper molybdate (Cu3Mo2O9) nanomaterial have numerous advantages over bulk phase materials; hence, several authors have studied and reported polyoxometalate clusters, nanostructures, and nanomaterials in the literature.5,7–11 Various authors have reported the synthesis of nanostructured copper molybdate from 0D to 3D architecture, including nanoparticles, -rods, -plates, urchin-like structures, and hollow spheres, in the literature.12–15 In general, out-of-plane 3D nanostructures (nanoflowers) considerably enhance the intrinsic quality of the electric field, electromagnetic properties, optical properties, and light confinement by increasing the surface area.16–18 As 3D nanostructures enhance the photovoltaic (PV) solar cell efficiency, lithium storage properties and electromagnetic properties, hence, the synthesized lindgrenite Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 can be used for the same purpose.18–20
Numerous authors have reported various nanostructured oxides, in general, metal oxides and, in particular, copper oxide and/or molybdenum oxide using diverse techniques.21–30 These metal oxide materials hold promise for several applications like photocatalysis, gas sensing and as cathode electrode materials for rechargeable lithium batteries. Unlike polyoxometalate nanomaterial and copper molybdate synthesis, reports regarding the synthesis of lindgrenite Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 are not much extensive but rather limited. The excellent energy application, photocatalytic and magnetic properties of Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 add motivation to synthesize, characterize and investigate its various applications.1–3,5,6 For the easier synthesis of copper molybdate or polyoxomolybdate nanomaterial, Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 can be an interesting intermediate compound. In the literature, Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 nanomaterial synthesis by various techniques has been reported. Table 1 summarizes Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 nanomaterial synthesis by different authors using various techniques which have been reported in the literature. Liu et al. have reported an electrochemistry-assisted laser ablation in liquid technique for Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 nanomaterial synthesis.5 The reported electrochemistry-assisted laser ablation technique required relatively complex instrumentation. Xia et al. have reported a hydrothermal reaction method for synthesis of Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 nanomaterial where ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate and copper acetates have been used as precursors and the reported technique is a multi-stage reaction process.6 Xu et al. have reported the room temperature synthesis of curved ammonium copper molybdate nanoflakes which can be further processed as Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 or Cu3Mo2O9. This method consists of a liquid–solid reaction between the Na2MoO4 solution and the copper substrate with the assistance of formamide. As Xu et al. have reported, the selective adsorption of formamide molecules plays a major role in determining the curved morphology and shaping the different crystallographic planes of ammonium copper molybdate.31 Jiang et al. have reported nano-sized tabular Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 synthesis by aqueous precipitation at 60 °C using Cu(NO3)2·6H2O, Na2MoO4·2H2O, and NaOH as precursors.32 Yan et al. have reported hollow and prickly sphere-like lindgrenite (Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2) synthesis by both hydrothermal and solvothermal routes.33
Table 1 Summary of Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 nanomaterial synthesis by different authors using various techniques which have been reported in the literature
Synthesis method
Chemical/process used
Advantages/disadvantages
Electrochemistry-assisted laser ablation in liquid (ECLAL) Nanorods MoO3 or MoO42− and copper anode High temperature, high density, and high pressure Liu et al.5
Hydrothermal reaction followed by sintering Monodisperse micropompons Ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate (AMT) and metal acetates Time intensive and energy intensive Xia et al.6
Liquid–solid reaction using a hierarchical architecture microreactor Curved nanoflakes Na2MoO4 solution, copper substrate and formamide Nanogroove structures and organic solvent Xu et al.31
Aqueous precipitation Nano-sized tabular structures Cu(NO3)2·6H2O, Na2MoO4·2H2O and NaOH Nitrate media Jiang et al.32
Hydrothermal and solvothermal Hollow and prickly sphere-like nanostructures CuCl2 and Na2MoO4 Time intensive, energy intensive, and organic solvent Yan et al.33
The above reported Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 syntheses have drawbacks, like a complex multistage synthesis process which adds disadvantages like purity and tediousness, involvement of organic chemicals which have environmental limitations, or complex instrumentation. In the reported Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 synthesis techniques, the hydrothermal route may be a simpler process,32 but our (here) reported process is even simpler. In this current synthesis, the Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 nanoflowers have been synthesized by a simple aqueous precipitation route at room temperature without using any surfactants or templates but rather from commonly available chemicals. The reported synthesis process is only a single-pot synthesis system where minimal chemical, virtually no energy or complex instrumentation has been employed. Rather controlling the reaction time and pH in the simplest way through a one-pot reactor system, the Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 spherical nanoflowers can easily be synthesized. Moreover, in the explored synthesis system, the reaction time and pH play an important role in the control of the morphology of the Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 nanoflowers. The novelties of the reported investigation are (i) simple one-pot synthesis without using any template or surfactant at room temperature, (ii) the possible chemistry and mechanism of Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 synthesis is discussed and (iii) the synthesis process has been optimized through pH variation and control of reaction time which add value for industrial production.
Lindgrenite (Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2) nanoflowers were synthesized at room temperature by a simple aqueous chemical technique without using any templates and surfactants. Copper(II) acetate (Cu(CO2CH3)2·H2O) and sodium molybdate (Mo(VI)) (Na2MoO4) of 50 mM were prepared by dissolving in deionized water. The copper acetate solution was added dropwise into the sodium molybdate solution under constant stirring at room temperature. The reaction was maintained at room temperature for 16 min and the pH value of the as-prepared mixture demonstrated a weak acidic state (5.2). The obtained precipitates were washed with deionized water and acetone several times and then dried at 60 °C for 6 h in a vacuum oven.
The crystal structures of the synthesized lindgrenite (Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2) nanoflowers were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD, Miniflex II, λCuKα = 1.5406 Å) with the range from 10° ≤ 2θ ≤ 60° and rate of 2° min−1. The morphology of the lindgrenite (Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2) nanoflowers was analyzed by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM, FEI NOVA, 10 kV) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM, JEM-2100F, 200 kV). The same structures were also analyzed using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR, model Nicolet 5700) in the range of 400–4000 cm−1. Characterization techniques like nitrogen adsorption–desorption for the BET surface area, pore size distribution, and thermal stability studies have been used to elucidate the physicochemical properties of the Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 nanoflowers. The thermal stability, surface area and porosity of the synthesized Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 nanoflowers were analyzed by TGA (TGA: DTG-60A, Shimadzu, Japan) and BET analysis (BELSORP-mini II, BEL, Japan), respectively.
3.1. Characterization of Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 nanoflowers
Lindgrenite (Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2) nanoflowers were synthesized from the simple mixing of aqueous solutions containing copper(II) acetate (Cu(CO2CH3)2·H2O) and sodium molybdate (Na2MoO4). When the Cu(CO2CH3)2·H2O aqueous solution was added to the Na2MoO4 solution under stirring, a sky-blue colored colloid was formed initially, and then a light-green colored precipitate was formed. The obtained precipitates were analyzed by various techniques as explained above. As seen in Fig. 1, the XRD pattern of the obtained sample well corresponded to the monoclinic lindgrenite (JCPDS no. 86-2311) with no diffraction peaks of amorphous molybdenum, copper compounds, and another phase. As shown in the figure, almost all peaks were overlapping and broadened, which was possibly attributed to the low crystallinity and/or small crystallite size of Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2. All the Bragg reflections have been indexed using the pattern matching with PDF card no. 0100862311, showing that the unit cell parameters a = 5.613 Å, b = 14.030 Å, c = 5.405 Å, α = 90.00°, β = 98.38°, and γ = 90.00° are in very good agreement. The pattern matching with the PDF card indicated that the sample is a monophasic material having a monoclinic space group of P21/n(14). Fig. 2 shows the FT-IR spectra of Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 and the inset figure shows a higher resolution of the unclear part of the FT-IR spectra. Table 2 lists the fundamental vibrational frequencies of various possible bonds and observed frequencies of different possible bonds in the synthesized Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2. For Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2, the transmittance band at 450 cm−1 is assigned to the Cu–OH vibration band of Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2, and four bands (located between 810 and 972 cm−1) are ascribed to MoO42− (the 972 cm−1 band to ν1MoO42− and the 916, 865, and 810 cm−1 bands to ν3MoO42−) consistent with the reported values.24,25 Moreover, the weak band at 1632 cm−1 and the band at 3340 cm−1 may be due to the infrared vibration of OH and H–OH (hydrogen bonding), respectively.20
Fig. 1 XRD spectra of synthesized Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 nanoflowers. Experimental conditions: copper(II) acetate (Cu(CO2CH3)2·H2O) and sodium molybdate (Na2MoO4) of 50 mM each, pH = 5.2, time = 16 min, room temperature.
Fig. 2 FTIR spectra of synthesized Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 nanoflowers. Experimental conditions: copper(II) acetate (Cu(CO2CH3)2·H2O) and sodium molybdate (Na2MoO4) of 50 mM each, pH = 5.2, time = 16 min, room temperature.
Table 2 Fundamental and observed vibrational frequencies for various bonds in the synthesized Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 nanoflowers
Fundamental vibrational frequencies, cm−1
Observed vibrational frequencies, cm−1
H–O–H 1632
MoO4− 958 972 (Mo O)
MoO4− 317 MoO4−
MoO4− 837 865 (Mo–O)
Cu–OH 455, 440 450
Fig. 3 shows an FE-SEM image of the Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 synthesized under the conditions mentioned above at various resolutions. Fig. 3a shows that the synthesized Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 nanostructures are spherically shaped with a size of ∼10 μm and are well dispersed without severe agglomeration. In fact, agglomeration rarely occurred. As shown in Fig. 3b, at an intermediate resolution, the Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 spheres are nanoflowers and these nanoflowers are composed entirely of many thin nanosheets of Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2. Fig. 3c clearly shows that the spherical Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 nanoflowers are composed of thin nanosheets of Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 with a thickness of ∼20 nm. It is known that the crystal structure of Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 is similar to that of malachite (Cu2(CO3)(OH)2), which has a layer structure, therefore it can readily form a two-dimensional plate shape without using any templates.19
Fig. 3 (a and b) Low- and (c) high-magnification FE-SEM images of synthesized Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 nanoflowers. Experimental conditions: copper(II) acetate (Cu(CO2CH3)2·H2O) and sodium molybdate (Na2MoO4) of 50 mM each, pH = 5.2, time = 16 min, room temperature.
The morphology and crystallinity of the Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 nanoflowers were further investigated using TEM and HR-TEM, as shown in Fig. 4. Fig. 4a shows the TEM of the Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 nanoflowers and Fig. 4b shows the TEM of the nanosheets. The combination of Fig. 4a and b reasonably justifies that an individual Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 nanoflower with a diameter of ∼10 μm is composed of very thin, paper-like, rumpled nanosheets with a thickness of ∼20 nm. The nanosheets have a polycrystalline nature as analyzed in a SAED pattern corresponding to a region in Fig. 4b (inset of Fig. 4b). Such a nature could also be evidenced and identified in the HR-TEM images (Fig. 4c and d). The HR-TEM of Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 (Fig. 4c) shows that the nanosheets have typical crystalline morphologies which are composed of polycrystalline grains having random crystallographic planes such as (221), (230), and (240). Fig. 4d shows nanodomains with sizes of ∼5 nm embedded in an amorphous matrix. These HR-TEM results can be evidence for the broad peaks obtained in the XRD pattern.
Fig. 4 (a and b) Typical TEM and (c and d) HR-TEM images of the synthesized Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 nanoflowers. Experimental conditions: copper(II) acetate (Cu(CO2CH3)2·H2O) and sodium molybdate (Na2MoO4) of 50 mM each, pH = 5.2, time = 16 min, room temperature.
The thermal characteristics of the synthesized Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 nanoflowers are depicted in Fig. 5. The TGA curve in Fig. 5 shows that two distinct transitions (weight loss stages) appear at 383 and 902 °C, which correspond to the DTA troughs in the DTA curve. The first transition in the TGA curve shows a weight loss of 3.24% in the temperature range of 328–383 °C corresponding to a theoretical weight loss of (3.30%) a water molecule from Cu3(OH)2(MoO4)2. The TGA curve provides two important pieces of information, i.e., (i) the Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 nanoflowers are stable materials up to 328 °C, and (ii) by thermal annealing, the Cu3(OH)2(MoO4)2 can be converted to Cu3Mo2O9. Cu3Mo2O9 is an excellent photocatalyst and magnetic material which can be used in several applications.4–6 In the DTA curve, an endothermic valley in the temperature range of 328–383 °C indicates the loss of a water molecule from Cu3(OH)2(MoO4)2 and formation of Cu3Mo2O9.
Fig. 5 Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential DTA curves of the synthesized Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 nanoflowers analyzed in the temperature range 40–900 °C at a heating rate of 10 deg min−1 using a high purity nitrogen atmosphere.
An adsorption–desorption (nitrogen) isotherm is constructed from the BET surface area measurement and depicted in Fig. 6. The isotherm given in the figure can be categorized as type III, which has a weak adsorbate–adsorbent interaction. The absence of any adsorption–desorption hysteresis in the isotherm rules out the mesoporous behavior of the synthesized Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2. The isotherm indicated multilayer gas adsorption in the non-porous material. The BET surface area of the synthesized Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 nanoflowers was found to be 21.357 m2 g−1.
Fig. 6 Nitrogen adsorption and desorption isotherm of the synthesized Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 nanoflowers.
3.2. Understanding the aqueous chemistry
To understand the color changes during synthesis, the possible chemistry involved in the Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 nanoflower synthesis and thermodynamically possible species were analyzed through speciation diagrams. The possible speciation behavior of Cu(CO2CH3)2·H2O and Na2MoO4 in aqueous solution as a function of pH at 25 °C under 1 atm pressure was analyzed using Medusa–Hydra chemical equilibrium software, developed by the School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH, Stockholm, Sweden. Fig. 7a shows all the possible species of Cu in the acetate medium and Fig. 7b shows all the molybdate species in the aqueous solution as a function of pH. Fig. 7a shows that Cu(CO2CH3)2·H2O dissociates into Cu2+ and CH3COO− followed by hydrolysis of Cu2+. As a function of pH, the hydrolysis behavior of Cu2+ varies. At acidic pH, Cu2+ hydrolyses into Cu2(OH)22+, Cu2(OH)3+, Cu(OH)+, and Cu3(OH)42+. The same figure indicates that the concentration of all Cu2(OH)22+, Cu2(OH)3+, Cu(OH)+, and Cu3(OH)42+ species peaks near pH 4.5 to 4.0. Similarly, Fig. 7b shows that the molybdate mostly exists as MoO42−, but at low pH (in the pH range of 0–5) as H2MoO4, and the same species exists as MoO42− at higher pH (beyond pH 5). Considering the experimental pH (5.2) and speciation diagram, the precursor Cu2+ either exists as Cu2(OH)3+ or Cu(OH)+ or all together, and the molybdenum exists as MoO42− at pH 5.2. Fig. 7c represents the solubility behavior of cupric species and molybdate species as a function of pH at standard temperature and pressure using 50 mM copper(II) acetate (Cu(CO2CH3)2) and 50 mM sodium molybdate (Na2MoO4). From XRD, the synthesized nanoflower material was identified to be Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 nanoflowers having a monoclinic structure. Based on the above information, the possible aqueous precipitation synthesis of copper lindgrenite (Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2) nanoflowers can be explained step by step as given below.
Cu(CO2CH3)2 ⇌ Cu2+ + 2CO2CH3− (1)
Fig. 7 (a) Speciation diagram of Cu(CO2CH3)2, (b) speciation diagram of MoO4− and (c) solubility behavior of cupric species and molybdate species as a function of pH at standard temperature and pressure using 50 mM copper(II) acetate (Cu(CO2CH3)2) and 50 mM sodium molybdate (Na2MoO4).
Combining eqn (5) and (6), the chemical reaction for synthesis of lindgrenite (Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2) nanoflowers can be represented as eqn (7).
2CO2CH3− + 2Na+ ⇌ 2CO2CH3Na (8)
The overall chemical reaction can be explained by eqn (9).
As explained in eqn (5)–(9), at acidic pH, sodium acetate and acetic acid (from eqn (9)) together act as a buffer as well as a stabilizing reagent in the aqueous synthesis of lindgrenite (Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2) nanoflower synthesis. Based on XRD data and IR vibrational spectra, a possible structural mechanism involved in the synthesis has been elucidated and is presented in Fig. 8. The ionic reaction mechanism explained in Fig. 8 holds good only from the stoichiometry perspective, but from the monoclinic crystal structure perspective, Fig. 8 can hardly explain the possible synthesis mechanism.
Fig. 8 Possible ionic bonding mechanism for the synthesis of Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 nanoflowers.
3.3. Optimization and growth mechanism
To identify the effect of pH on morphological changes, we carried out a synthetic process using sodium molybdate solution at different pH values, which were adjusted by addition of HCl or NaOH aqueous solutions before adding Cu(CO2CH3)2 solution. In the case of strong acidic conditions below pH 4.5, the Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 precipitates were not obtained because the nucleation process hardly initiated at this pH. On the other hand, the Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 precipitates were very well synthesized under near neutral and alkaline conditions. Fig. 9(a–d) show the morphologies of the synthesized Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 at pH = 7.1, pH = 8.5, pH = 10.5 and pH = 12.0, respectively. The figures indicated by increasing pH values from 7.1 to 12.0 show that the morphologies of the prepared Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 gradually transformed from complete nanoflowers to decomposed particles. As the pH of the aqueous solution increases, the Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 nanoflowers gradually lose their uniformity because the nanosheets are more randomly diffused among one another. At higher pH, as the buffer activity of sodium acetate is nullified, the aqueous chemistry of the Cu2+ solution gradually changes, thus the synthesis mechanism is the primary reason for the formation of non-homogeneous nanoflowers. Because of incomplete Ostwald ripening and self-assembly induced by intense nucleation at higher pH (containing more OH− ions), the Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 nanoflowers gradually lose their uniformity.
Fig. 9 FE-SEM images of the Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 nanoflowers synthesized at various pH values: (a) 7.1, (b) 8.5, (c) 10.5, and (d) 12.0. Experimental conditions: copper(II) acetate (Cu(CO2CH3)2·H2O) and sodium molybdate (Na2MoO4) of 50 mM each, pH = 5.2, room temperature and time = 16 min.
To understand and investigate the possible growth mechanism, Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 nanoflowers were synthesized through a series of time-dependent synthesis processes, keeping all other conditions constant. The synthesized Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 nanoflowers were analyzed by FE-SEM. Fig. 10 compares the morphological evolution process of the synthesized Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 nanoflowers with reaction time at room temperature. As the reaction time was increased from 1 to 10 min, remarkable morphological changes of the obtained products were not observed and particles were usually agglomerated (Fig. 10a–d). In other words, the Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 samples synthesized at these reaction times are mainly micro-agglomerates containing a very small number of nanosheets that were formed by Ostwald ripening of nanoparticles. However, by increasing the reaction time to 13 min, the morphology of the Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 was changed to micron-sized nanoflowers (Fig. 10e). In this reaction time, well-defined nanoflowers were assembled from Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 nanosheets and no agglomerated nanoparticles could be observed. Although the nanoflowers maintained their unique morphology until the reaction time of 16 min (Fig. 10f), with increasing reaction time up to 25 min, the nanoflowers decomposed gradually into completely collapsed nanostructures (Fig. 10g and h), which is possibly ascribed to etching effects on amorphous regions by weak acidic conditions (pH 5.2) of the reaction solution. Based on the experimental results, the schematic illustration for the formation of such a nanoflower morphology (Fig. 10i) and the possible growth mechanism originated from the following three reasons. (i) When the Cu(CO2CH3)·H2O solution was dropped into the Na2MoO4·2H2O solution at the point of supersaturation of Cu2(OH)3+ and Cu(OH)+, nucleation started and led to rapid nucleation, followed by combination of Cu2(OH)3+ and Cu(OH)+ nuclei with MoO42− ions in the solution to form Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 nanoparticles. (ii) The small nanoparticles of Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 aggregated with each other and Ostwald ripening of the particles occurred leading to the formation of the nanosheets. (iii) The nanosheets self-assembled into a spherical shape by themselves to minimize the thermodynamic energy and the flower-like structures began to appear. Finally, well-defined Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 nanoflowers were finally produced by gradual assembly of the nanosheets.
Fig. 10 Morphological evolution of the Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 nanoflowers synthesized at room temperature for various reaction times: (a) 1, (b) 4, (c) 7, (d) 10, (e) 13, (f) 16, (g) 20, and (h) 25 min. The schematic illustration of the growth process of the Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 nanoflowers (i). Experimental conditions: copper(II) acetate (Cu(CO2CH3)2·H2O) and sodium molybdate (Na2MoO4) of 50 mM each, pH = 5.2, room temperature.
3.4. Review of structure and analysis of synthesis mechanism
From XRD and FT-IR, reasonable similarities of our synthesized Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 and reported Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 (Vilminot et al.1) were observed. Hence, based on Vilminot et al., structural aspects of the synthesized Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 have been reviewed. Vilminot et al. have investigated the detailed structure and magnetic properties originating from the monoclinic structure of synthetic Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 in their study which is an important investigation reviewed here. Fig. 11 reflects (which has been reproduced from Vilminot et al.1) the detailed crystal structure and possible bonding of Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 based on neutron powder diffraction and IR spectral data analyses. The Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 crystal structure basically consists of two distorted octahedral Cu and one tetrahedral Mo having differently bonded O as ligands. Both Cu and Mo arranged in the crystal structure through different bonding modes and results in the monoclinic crystal of Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2. As explained by Vilminot et al., in lindgrenite, the Cu3(OH)24+ ribbons (Fig. 11a) arranged in a brucite structure where Cu and O of MoO4 share the edges. The octahedral Cu3(OH)24+ ribbon runs parallel along the c-axis as shown in Fig. 11b. In the Cu3(OH)2 ribbons, two types of distorted octahedral copper atoms coordinated with O from MoO42−. Each ribbon alternately contains one Cu(1) octahedron and two Cu(2) octahedra, all having shared edges (Fig. 11). The octahedral Cu atoms are strongly distorted with a 4 + 2 environment. Each unit of octahedral Cu and ribbons is connected into 3D chains by a herringbone arrangement. The O in MoO42− plays a vital role in connecting ribbons in parallel and it is connected to a 3D network with octahedral Cu and makes up the monoclinic Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2. In MoO42−, the oxygen atoms O(1) (Mo O) and O(3) (Mo O) are bonded to single Cu atoms, while O(2) (Mo–O−) and O(4) (Mo–O−) form a bridge bond between two Cu atoms each in two adjacent chains. Oxygen atoms are part of the monoclinic skeleton of the Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 in the ribbons. As explained in Fig. 11c, the MoO42− has a distorted tetrahedral structure, which shares its oxygen corners with six copper atoms.
Fig. 11 (a) Single ribbon showing the edge-sharing octahedral copper using coppers from two different environments. (b) The structure along the ribbons (c axis) showing the herringbone arrangement and the connection of the ribbons to the 3D network of MoO4−. (c) The coordination of the 3D network of MoO4− to its three neighboring ribbons of copper hydroxide. Reproduced from Vilminot et al.1
The possible chemical mechanism explained in Fig. 8 and eqn (5)–(9) partially explains the structural arrangement observed in Fig. 11. Considering the limitation of the ionic mechanism explained in Fig. 8, the Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 synthesis mechanism can be best explained using the coordination chemistry of Cu2+ and MoO42−. The (4 + 2) distorted octahedral coordination chemistry of MoO42− + Cu2(OH)3+ can be explained by eqn (10) and the possible mechanism can be explained as demonstrated in Fig. 12(a).
Fig. 12 (a) Coordination complexation of MoO42− + Cu2(OH)3+, (b) coordination complexation of MoO42− + Cu(OH)+, (c) coordination complexation of Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 nanoflowers. (d) Coordination complexation of Mo–O–Cu.
Similarly, the (4 + 2) distorted octahedral coordination chemistry of MoO42− + Cu(OH)+ can be explained by eqn (11) and the possible mechanism can be explained as demonstrated in Fig. 12(b).
Finally, as explained in Fig. 11a, the ribbons are framed by two units of Cu from an environment and one unit of Cu from another environment. Hence, based on the structure explained by Vilminot et al., the total coordination chemistry can be explained by eqn (12), given below, and the structure can be explained using Fig. 12c.
The coordination chemistry of MoO42− can be better explained as shown in Fig. 12d. Fig. 12 and the mechanism explained in eqn (12) clearly indicate that the Cu2+ in Cu2(OH)3+ and Cu(OH)+ exists in two different environments which was also clearly explained by Vilminot et al. Similarly, the OH− in Cu2(OH)3+ and Cu(OH)+, and O2− in MoO42− exist in two different environments each, which has not been discussed critically in Fig. 11 (Vilminot et al.1). Based on all the information, the Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 crystal structure has been redrawn and is depicted in Fig. 13. Fig. 13 clearly identifies each element and its environment.
Fig. 13 Crystal structure of synthesized Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 nanoflowers.
Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 nanoflowers have been synthesized by a simple aqueous precipitation route at room temperature without using surfactants or templates from commonly available chemicals. By controlling the reaction time and pH in the simplest way through a one-pot reaction system, spherical nanoflowers could be synthesized. The XRD pattern, SEM and TEM images of the synthesized nanopowder showed that it has a monoclinic lindgrenite structure. Reasonably, from the TGA curve, the following conclusions can be inferred, i.e., (i) the Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 nanoflowers are stable materials up to 328 °C, and (ii) by thermal annealing (383 °C), the Cu3(OH)2(MoO4)2 can be converted to Cu3Mo2O9, which has excellent magnetic and photocatalytic properties. The BET surface area of the Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 nanoflowers is 21.357 m2 g−1. The flower-like nano-Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 resulted from the aggregation of nanosheets. Several 20 nm sheets through aggregation formed spherically shaped nanoflowers of ∼10 μm size. By our reported aqueous precipitation method, high purity Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 nanoflowers having a monoclinic lindgrenite structure can be easily synthesized in the simplest possible way. The reported aqueous chemical precipitation method to synthesize nanostructured Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 can be a promising route because of its short reaction time, high purity, non-tedious process and use of non-hazardous chemicals, which eliminate complex multistep synthesis systems or complex instrumentation. The synthesis process also adds scope for the synthesis of the Cu3Mo2O9 nanomaterial.
This study was supported by the Korea Ministry of the Environment under 'Global-top program' (2016002250005).
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D. Li, J. Xue, J. Ma and J. Tang, New J. Chem., 2016, 40, 3330–3335 RSC.
J. Jiang, J. Liu, S. Peng, D. Qian, D. Luo, Q. Wang, Z. Tian and Y. Liu, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2013, 1, 2588–2594 CAS.
J. Xu, D. Xue and Y. Zhu, J. Phys. Chem. B, 2006, 110, 17400–17405 CrossRef CAS PubMed.
W.-J. Jiang, J. Fang, Z.-Y. Fan, X.-J. Yang, Q.-T. Lu and Y.-B. Hou, J. Inorg. Mater., 2011, 26, 438–442 CrossRef CAS.
C. Yan, L. Zou, D. Xue, J. Xu and M. Liu, J. Mater. Sci., 2008, 43, 2263–2269 CrossRef CAS.
† Basudev Swain and D. H. Lee are both equally contributing authors.
This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2017


While all Paramedic, EMT and ALS personnel have standardized annual continuing education requirements, Hart to Heart Transportation also conducts in-house training on a regular basis. Orientation for all new employees is conducted at our main station in Forest Hill, Maryland. Regardless of the area they are assigned to, this centralized system allows Hart to Heart to set higher benchmarks assuring all new employees receive that exact same training. All drivers are fully trained utilizing the Smith System and VFIS, both internationally recognized driver safety training programs. Additionally, all drivers are thoroughly trained in emergency driving techniques, and must complete a practical driving course. Tests are administered to ensure that the employee is retaining the information.


The Disaster Chef Challenge is an emergency preparedness activity hosted by Memorial University of Newfoundland and inspired by Public Safety Canada's Emergency Preparedness Kit recommended contents. The challenge encourages you to have fun with emergency planning and preparedness and to learn in the process. Disaster Chef Challenge invites you to create original and tasty main course options from non-perishable food supplies, a limited supply of water and cooking on portable outdoor stoves - all of which could be found in your Emergency Preparedness Kit at home.
The goals of the Disaster Chef Challenge are to educate the campus community on the importance of personal emergency preparedness; to enhance community resilience through personal emergency preparedness; and to promote Memorial University's Emergency Management Program.
1.1 The contest is open to any staff, faculty and/or students of Memorial University as of October 15, 2015, except for staff of the organizing unit (Enterprise Risk Management) and immediate family of the Contest Judges.
2.1 Recipes submitted must be original and include the name of the recipe. Recipies must include at least one (1) ingredient from each of the categories (taken from Canada's food guide); can use a maximum of two (2) litres of water; must use standard measurements (e.g. cups, tablespoons, ounces, litres, grams, etc.), and must indicate a specific amount for each ingredient.
2.2. The recipe must be written to make three (3) servings of a main course meal (one (1) serving for each judge).
2.3. Each ingredient, including the water, must be listed, preferably in order of use, followed by complete, step-by-step cooking instructions, including timing for any cooked components.
2.4. The recipe must be completely preparable within forty-five (45) minutes.
2.5 All cooked elements of the recipe must be prepared on a portable outdoor stove. Recipes containing directions that call for the use of conventional ovens, microwave ovens, or other cooking appliances including the use of small food appliances, such as food processers, blenders, or any other alternating current (AC) powered device, will be disqualified.
2.6 Finalists will be supplied with a 1.5 L sauce pan, 4.5 L sauce pan, 9.5" fry pan, spatula, slotted spoon, can opener, disposable cutlery and the ingredients listed in their recipe to prepare the meal. Recipes must be able to be prepared with these tools.
2.7 The recipe must not have knowingly been previously published or have won another award, and the right to submit the recipe to the Disaster Chef Challenge must not be restricted in any way. Submission of a recipe is a warrant by the contestant that the contestant owns all copyrights and other intellectual property rights to the recipe and constitutes an assignment by the contestant of these rights to Memorial University of Newfoundland.
3.1 Contestants can enter one recipe for consideration entering online between September 29, 2015 and October 13, 2015. Early and late entries will not be considered. Each recipe must be submitted by an individual, not by a couple or a team. Entries are limited to one per contestant.
3.2 To enter online, go to www.mun.ca/emergency/disasterchef and click on the Enter Contest link. Log in with your MUN login credentials. Fill in the entry form, including your recipe, and follow the on screen instructions to submit.
4.1 Three (3) contestants will be selected by Enterprise Risk Management to compete in the 2015 Disaster Chef Challenge at Memorial University of Newfoundland.
4.2 Finalists will be notified on or about October 14, 2015. Finalists will be required to complete a Release and Waiver in order to be eligible to compete in the Challenge. The Challenge will take place on October 15, 2015. Finalists will be required to be at the location at 11:30 am. The event will run until approximately 1:00 pm. Finalists will receive further instructions once notified of their eligibility to compete.
5.2 Recipes that do not follow Contest Rules will be disqualified by Disaster Chef screeners. Qualified recipes will be reviewed by the Selection Panel, which will select the entries deemed worthy of consideration as finalists. At the Challenge, the finalists will prepare their recipe and the meal will be tasted and scored by an independent panel to determine the winners. In both the preliminary selection and the Challenge, the decisions of the judges are final and binding.
a. One (1) grand prize winner to be titled "Memorial University's 2015 Disaster Chef" who will receive a 16 GB Apple iPad Air2 and a 72 Hour Emergency Preparedness Kit.
b. Two (2) Runners-Up who will each receive a 72 Hour Emergency Preparedness Kit.
6.2. No cash or other substitution may be made, except by Memorial University, who reserves the right to substitute a prize in whole or in part with another prize of comparable or greater value if in intended prize is not available for any reason as determined by Memorial University in their sole discretion.
7.1. The live competition will be recorded and media may be present. As part of the participants contribution to the contest, and regardless or whether the participant is selected as a finalist, Enterprise Risk Management may request contestants to participate, free of charge, in any activity relating to the Challenge including without limitation recordings and participation in interviews, appearances, promotional and publicity activities.
7.2 Participants agree to be bound by the terms of these Official Rules. All entries become property of Memorial University and will not be returned. Finalists will be required to execute documents of eligibility, release from liability, and transfer of ownership of intellectual property rights in their winning recipes. By entering the Contest, all participants consent to the commercial use of their names, pictures, likenesses, recipes (with rights to edit or adapt those recipes) without further attribution, notification or compensation. By entering, participants release and hold harmless Memorial University, respective subsidiaries, affiliates, directors, officers, shareholders, employees, and agents, the members of the Judging Panel from any and all liability (including but not limited to claims of infringement of copyright or other intellectual property) or any injuries, loss or damage of any kind arising from or in connection with this Challenge or any prize won.
8.2 For the three (3) finalists recipes, visit our website at www.mun.ca/emergency/disasterchef on or about October 16, 2015.
8.3 Telephone requests for rules, Finalist's list, and recipes cannot be accommodated.


Paige Mahoney is an outcast in a world where her innate clairvoyance is regarded with fear and revulsion by the "normal" majority. She lives in a future London, one of several cities under the control of a political power called Scion. Scion's sole governmental aim seems to be the capture and incarceration of people like Paige. She, however, is street-smart and brave, and manages not only to avoid the authorities, but to live a rather successful life as a career criminal in the clairvoyant underworld of London. That is, until one day when she is attacked and captured and taken to Oxford, a city set aside and written out of history. It now functions as concentration camp for clairvoyants such as Paige.
It is in Oxford that Paige finds an evil far greater than the threat that Scion poses to a goodly proportion of the human nation. She is given into the care of the mysterious Arcturus Mesarthim. In Paige's words: "He was the single most beautiful and terrible thing I'd ever laid eyes on." He is her prisoner and her trainer and, worse still, blood consort to the immoral creature that runs the show in Oxford, and, for all intents and purposes, the world at large. And Paige is faced with the question: does she acknowledge her attraction to Mesarthim and throw her lot in with him and the creatures he represents, or does she stay true to the carnies, the clairvoyants who live in squalor, on the edge of starvation, in the dread prison that Oxford has become?
The Bone Season is a deliciously dark page turner of a novel, with a satisfyingly noir edge to it. It will possibly appeal to fans of the Twilight series or The Hunger Games. It will definitely appeal to those who have discovered and enjoyed Cassandra Clare's Mortal Instruments or Deborah Harkness's A Discovery of Witches – a novel for young and old alike.
Paige is a believable hero, captivating in her courage and her ability to love. I was rooting for her from the word go. Samantha Shannon, all of 22, and the creator of this inventive world and its engrossing characters, has me hooked. I can't wait for book 2.


QUESTION: The only space I have that is, sunlight-wise, suitable for growing roses in within a large walled in patio area.
My hope is to build two, thirty foot long raised beds that are two feet high and three feet in depth.
I read through your article on raised beds, but all comments about their benefits seem to be related to beds build on top of soil.
Would roses thrive in raised beds build on top of concrete?
Would it be better if I made them three feet deep?
I plan to install a drip irrigation system on a timer so they would be adequately watered and I will be using drainage tile to make sure the beds can drain.
ANSWER: Thanks Jim, This is a very good post, and that's why I am building a page for my Rose Blog so others can benefit from this content.
You are very wise to consider drainage, because roses MUST have good drainage, and will die if left standing in soggy soil where water doesn't drain.
My answer is, yes, you can build a raised bed over concrete, but only if you drill holes in the bottom fronts and sides of the raised flower beds.
The holes should be large enough so water can drain out easily.
The drainage holes should also be placed about 8 inches apart.
To keep the soil from coming out, lay down some window-mesh at the bottom and lower sides, inside the raised beds.
This will also keep out "critters" from crawling inside.
I recommend you only use bagged soil for roses and flowers in your raised beds.
After planting, add a layer of mulch on top of the soil to conserve moisture.
If the beds are backed by a wall or fence, you should make the beds a bit wider than 2 feet, to accommodate the growing plants.
Making them three feet deep is perfect and will give the feeder roots enough room to grow.
Always remember, plants have to grow below, before they can grow above.
To be sure your plants have enough moisture at all times, use a Moisture Meter ($7.95) around your plants every so often.
It will go down to 1 foot deep and will give you a reading if the soil is wet, dry or moist. Be sure to use it around the plants, not just in the front.
Since you are installing a drip-irregation system, smart move, you would want to know if the drip system is giving adequate water to your plants.


text:
Nintendo's 'Summer of Play' hits DUMBO Waterfront with free 'Zelda,' 'Mario Kart' demos
Scott Fontana
Nintendo's 2017 Summer of Play tour is set to invade the DUMBO Waterfront from Friday through Sunday (11 a.m. to …
Nintendo's 2017 Summer of Play tour is set to invade the DUMBO Waterfront from Friday through Sunday (11 a.m. to 7 p.m.), allowing visitors to check out an extensive lineup of Switch and 3DS/2DS games. Nearly all are available now for purchase, with the exception of "Pokkén Tournament DX" — an enhanced Wii U port coming to Switch on Sept. 22.
amNewYork has spent significant time with nearly all of the 15 games set for the weekend event. Most are great, but here are some recommendations for which games to play first.
'The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild'
Back when "Zelda" was released as a Switch launch title in March, amNY gave it a perfect four-star score. "Breath of the Wild" offers something for everyone. From its epic quest narrative and sword-swinging combat to its engaging environmental puzzles and rewards for exploration, the latest "Zelda" is a must play for anyone looking to see what the Switch can do.
'Snipperclips — Cut It Out, Together!'
Another excellent Switch launch title, "Snipperclips" eschews boss battles in favor of brain-teasing, cooperative puzzles. It's easy to get lost in the act of trimming friends into shapes to crack each challenge.
'Mario Kart 8 Deluxe'
The "Mario Kart" franchise hardly needs much of an introduction, but suffice to say the newest entry for Switch is a blast. Vivid colors, a varied cast of characters and a healthy mix of new and classic courses make this the go-to party game on Nintendo's new console.
'Splatoon 2'
Lapsed gamers may be unfamiliar with the "Splatoon" franchise, which made its debut on the Wii U in 2015. It was well-regarded enough to earn a sequel for the Switch that released in July. Competitive, team-based multiplayer makes a mess on screen, but leads to some fun battles with buddies.
'Pokémon Sun and Moon'
Released last fall, the most recent handheld titles in the "Pokémon" franchise feel like the perfect re-entry point for fans who haven't played every version of the game the past 20 years. Familiar creatures and some new ones abound in the 3DS' best game of 2016.
'Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS'
Nintendo's long-running fighting game was most recently released for both 3DS and Wii U nearly three years ago, but remains a hit with fans of the franchise. A robust roster offers plenty of options for tangling with pals in chaotic clashes.
2017 Nintendo Summer of Play at DUMBO Waterfront, Friday through Sunday, 11 a.m. to 7 p.m., Brooklyn Bridge Park adjacent to St. Ann's Warehouse, FREE
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text:
R.E.M. are teasing a new collection titled R.E.M. at the BBC. Michael Stipe briefly hinted at the collection at the end of an interview with BBC Newsnight last week after being asked if there were any "releases, re-recordings, or reissues" in the works. Stipe responded "yeah there's some stuff coming out that'll be announced shortly," but when asked for a preview Stipe said "you'll get it in a week." And here we are. More details regarding the forthcoming collection of live BBC performances will be announced soon, but in the meantime check out the blink-or-you'll-miss-it teaser below.
UPDATE: A listing for a deluxe 9 disc (CD/DVD) edition of R.E.M. at the BBC has made its way to Amazon. According to the listing the collection includes rare and unreleased live and studio BBC recordings, including a 1984 performance from Nottingham's Rock City, Peel Session from 1998, invite-only 2004 show in London, and 1999 Glastonbury headline set, and more. The DVD includes a film titled Accelerating Backwards, a 60 minute retrospective which aired in the UK previously, a complete 1998 Later...With Jools Holland episode dedicated to R.E.M., plus appearance from Top Of The Pops, and more.
It's likely there will be several other editions, but while we await the official unveiling from R.E.M. view the tracklisting for the 9 disc version below.
In the same BBC Newsnight interview Michael Stipe revealed that he misses performing but "I did that for 32 years, we did a great job, we put out some - we left some great music and what I consider to be for the most part a pretty credible legacy." He also discussed his sexuality, his book about "queerness," his recent decision to leave Instagram due to privacy issues, politics, and more. Check it out below:
Coming soon... pic.twitter.com/4vRvHZ8ReW
— R.E.M. HQ (@remhq) September 5, 2018
01. World Leader Pretend
02. Fretless
03. Half A World Away
04. Radio Song
05. Losing My Religion
06. Love Is All Around John Peel Studio Session, 25 October 1998
07. Walk Unafraid
08. Daysleeper
09. Lotus
10. At My Most Beautiful Mark and Lard, BBC Radio 1, 15 October 2003
11. Bad Day
12. Orange Crush Drivetime, BBC Radio 2, 15 October 2003
13. Man On The Moon
14. Imitation Of Life 3:41 Radio 1 Live Lounge, 26 March 2008
15. Supernatural Superserious
16. Munich
03. New Test Leper
05. Parakeet
06. Electrolite
07. Perfect Circle
08. The Apologist
10. Country Feedback
11. At My Most Beautiful
01. Second Guessing
02. Hyena
03. Talk About The Passion
04. West Of The Fields
05. (Don't Go Back To) Rockville
06. Auctioneer (Another Engine)
07. So. Central Rain (I'm Sorry)
08. Old Man Kensey
09. Gardening At Night
10. 9 - 9/Hey Diddle Diddle/Feeling Gravitys Pull
11. Windout
12. Driver 8
13. Pretty Persuasion
14. Radio Free Europe
15. Wendell Gee
16. Carnival Of Sorts (Boxcars)
01. What's The Frequency, Kenneth?
02. Crush With Eyeliner
03. Drive
04. Turn You Inside Out
05. Try Not To Breathe
06. I Took Your Name
07. Undertow
08. Bang And Blame
09. I Don't Sleep I Dream
10. Strange Currencies
12. Tongue
05. Pop Song 89
06. Finest Worksong
07. Get Up
08. Star 69
09. Let Me In
10. Everybody Hurts
11. Fall On Me
13. Its the End Of The World As We Know It (And I Feel Fine)
03. So Fast, So Numb
07. The Wake - Up Bomb
08. The One I Love
09. Sweetness Follows
07. Why Not Smile
10. Cuyahoga
01. Intro
03. Boy In The Well
04. I Wanted To Be Wrong
05. E - Bow The Letter (with Thom Yorke)
06. Around The Sun
07. Aftermath
10. Leaving New York
11. Imitation Of Life
Accelerating Backwards
Pretty Persuasion
Pop Song 89
Half A World Away
Crush With Eyeliner
Daysleeper
So. Central Rain (I'm Sorry)
All The Way To Reno (You're Gonna Be A Star)
Leaving New York
New Test Leper
At My Most Beautiful
The Apologist
Walk Unafraid
I've Been High
Published September 5th, 2018


text:
— Main Menu —Home About Us Explore with us	- Explore with us: Vatican Tours - Explore with us: Rome Tours - Explore with us: Florence tours Reservations Italy Travel Tips Contact us
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Italy Travel Tips
To explore Rome is to venture forth into one of the world's greatest treasures, a living museum thousands of years in the making. Rome wasn't built in a day and it can't be seen in a few days. It is a once-in-a-lifetime experience so take advantage of our English-speaking guides who will show you the hidden gems at the city's most in-demand attractions.
With our guides, skip the long lines to explore the Colosseum and imagine being one of the 50,000 spectators cheering fierce gladiators or watching mock naval battles on the flooded floor. Take a short walk to Palatine Hill, where the myth says Remus and Romulus, the founder of Rome, were discovered in the care of a she-wolf. While there, explore the Flavian Palace, home to a Roman emperor beginning in 92 A.D. Across town, walk humbly through the Sistine Chapel, where new popes are chosen. Gaze at Michelangelo's masterpieces, the frescoes on the chapel's ceiling portraying scenes from Genesis then listen to the story of how he toiled for six years painting The Last Judgment, depicting the second coming of Jesus Christ.
Make every minute in Rome count. Trust our experienced guides. They will ensure you take home eternal memories of the Eternal City.
ROME IS HOME
WALKING ORIENTATION CITY WITH GELATO TASTING
Welcome to Rome! So much to see…so little time. Fear not, for the perfect morning or afternoon waits as you discover and enjoy the sites of this wonderful city. Explore the town with a local and get to know Rome …
Lenght: 3h
Price: from € 49
ANCIENT ROME EXPERIENCE
COLOSSEUM, PALATINE HILL AND ROMAN FORUM TOUR
You can't say you have seen Rome, if you haven't visited its most famous landmark, the Colosseum. And with us, you won't even have to stand in line for tickets! Our English-speaking guides will walk you …
DISCOVER HIDDEN UNDERGROUND ROME
ONE LEVEL ABOVE, ONE LEVEL BELOW: DISCOVER HIDDEN UNDERGROUND ROME
What lurks beneath? In Rome, it's nothing less than the history of the great metropolis. Beneath modern Rome is a city as dark and still as modern Rome is luminous and energetic. Immerse yourself in these intimate and …
THE GENIUS OF MICHELANGELO
THE "ORIGINAL" MICHELANGELO'S GENIUS AND REBEL FOOTSTEPS TOUR
Michelangelo arrived in Rome during the summer of 1496 at just 21, but he was a precocious young man on a mission. Within a few years, he'd created his finest work, the stunning and emotional Pietà (Italian for pity) …
Happy people exploring Rome
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Do You Explore? Viale Libia 157, 00199 - Rome, Italy - C.F. e P.Iva: 13329091006
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text:
var util           = require("util")
  , EventEmitter   = require("events").EventEmitter
  , Promise        = require("promise")
  , proxyEventKeys = ['success', 'error', 'sql']

var bindToProcess = function(fct) {
  if (fct) {
    if (process.domain) {
      return process.domain.bind(fct)
    }
  }

  return fct
}

module.exports = (function() {
  var CustomEventEmitter = function(fct) {
    this.fct = bindToProcess(fct);
  }
  util.inherits(CustomEventEmitter, EventEmitter)

  CustomEventEmitter.prototype.run = function() {
    process.nextTick(function() {
      if (this.fct) {
        this.fct.call(this, this)
      }
    }.bind(this))

    return this
  }

  CustomEventEmitter.prototype.success =
  CustomEventEmitter.prototype.ok =
  function(fct) {
    this.on('success', bindToProcess(fct))
    return this
  }

  CustomEventEmitter.prototype.failure =
  CustomEventEmitter.prototype.fail =
  CustomEventEmitter.prototype.error =
  function(fct) {
    this.on('error', bindToProcess(fct))
    return this;
  }

  CustomEventEmitter.prototype.done =
  CustomEventEmitter.prototype.complete =
  function(fct) {
    fct = bindToProcess(fct);
    this.on('error', function(err) { fct(err, null) })
        .on('success', function(result) { fct(null, result) })
    return this
  }

  CustomEventEmitter.prototype.sql =
  function(fct) {
    this.on('sql', bindToProcess(fct))
    return this;
  }

  // emit the events on the foreign emitter once events got triggered for me
  CustomEventEmitter.prototype.proxy = function(emitter) {
    proxyEventKeys.forEach(function (eventKey) {
      this.on(eventKey, function (result) {
        emitter.emit(eventKey, result)
      })
    }.bind(this))
  }

  CustomEventEmitter.prototype.then =
  function (onFulfilled, onRejected) {
    var self = this
    onFulfilled = bindToProcess(onFulfilled)
    onRejected = bindToProcess(onRejected)
    return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
      self.on('error', reject)
          .on('success', resolve);
    }).then(onFulfilled, onRejected)
  }

  return CustomEventEmitter
})()

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


the 1st booklet to inform the tale of ways the nice battle encouraged the best rugby match within the worldAs Britain's Empire went to battle in August 1914, rugby avid gamers have been the 1st to volunteer. They led from front and paid a disproportionate price. In 1919, a thankful mom nation hosted a rugby match: sevens groups at 8 venues, enjoying 17 suits to claim a primary "world champion." There had by no means been a global workforce event love it. For the 1st time groups from Australia, Canada, New Zealand, South Africa, Britain, and France have been assembled in a single position. Rugby held the 1st ever "World Cup." It was once a second of triumph, a party of army victory, of Commonwealth and Allied team spirit, and of rugby values, ethical and physical. In 2015 the match returns to England because the global recollects the Centenary of the good conflict. Values of teamwork, appreciate, and self-discipline have been solid and verified in war—and delight in rugby helped males via it. this can be the tale of rugby's trip via global battle I to its first international Cup, and the way these values undergo today.
This e-book was once switched over from its actual variation to the electronic layout through a group of volunteers. you could locate it at no cost on the net. buy of the Kindle variation comprises instant delivery.
This is often the annotated version together with the infrequent biographical essay via Edwin E. Slosson referred to as "H. G. Wells - an enormous Prophet Of His Time". On its face Mr. Wells's quantity would seem to be a booklet concerning the warfare. yet we know that if Mr. Wells have been to got down to write in regards to the Stone Age he may quickly be adventuring brilliantly one of the recommendations with which the folks of Europe and the United States are starting to busy themselves and within which they're prone to be immersed through the day after the next day.
Hailed because the such a lot compelling biography of the German dictator but written, Ian Kershaw's Hitler brings us nearer than ever earlier than to the center of its subject's colossal darkness. From his illegitimate beginning in a small Austrian village to his fiery loss of life in a bunker less than the Reich chancellery in Berlin, Adolf Hitler left a murky path, strewn with contradictory stories and overgrown with self-created myths.
The traditional and eternally attention-grabbing tale of the girl in the back of the throne - or accordingly, in the back of the overall, the days correspondent, the soldier-poet, and the leading Minister! contemplate the rubicund, drained portrait of box Marshal Lord French, 1st Earl of Ypres by means of John Singer Sergeant, or the sooner photo of the walrus-moustached hero of the Siege of Kimberley; then keep in mind that this crammed blouse, this villain of Oh!


The secret to these moist, tasty muffins is the buttermilk! You can use whole or regular milk, but these babies texture and taste are best when the buttermilk is used. And since we all are chocolate lovers in this house, I don't skimp and use the mini chocolate chips. But if you are not into eating dessert first thing in the morning, the mini chips may be a good idea for you.


text:
Q: KML markers have lost their color (but only in the js api) Test map here: http://minty.org/gmaps/test2.html
The HTML is valid (as a new user, I'm only allowed 2 links, so I can't include a direct link to the w3 validator)
The KML is valid according to feedvalidator (dot org).
If I load the same KML file as a layer in "Google My Maps", the markers show up as red, green and yellow as intended
https://drive.google.com/open?id=186Bk0V-tNBKdXJ88qQ29YlwaxsY&usp=sharing
But if I try and load the same KML file into a map hosted on my site, they all show up as white
This started happening in the last 24 hours, and was working previously.  I'm not aware of any changes I've made to the KML file that would have caused the colors to suddenly stop working.
The same happens in the latest Firefox & Chrome on a Mac, and up to date iOS on iPad.
Any ideas?

A: Via the Google Maps Help Forum, Josh258 pointed out my error.

According to the API documentation <color> for <IconStyle> is not
  supported. (source:
  https://developers.google.com/maps/documentation/javascript/kmllayer#supported-elements)

(I was using KML styles that used a white img icon for the marker and KML <color> tags to apply color).
That said, it did magically start working again 24 hours later & is still working now.  So there was just a ~24 hour window during which all the markers went white.
Given it's not a supported feature however, I would conclude it's not an advisable approach.
What is slightly odd is that I took the code from a KML file I exported from "Google My Maps".  However, as Josh258 highlighted, the KML supported by "Google Maps" is not always the same as the KML supported by the Google Maps Javascript API.  Best to check!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: Powershell script for daily scheduled Wake-On-Lan Hello gorgeous people who are reading this.
Today i wanted to ask some help as i cant seem to move forward with this issue.
Im very new to coding and networking and all of that but i need to somehow use a script for wake on lan. This is really confusing though, and i barely comprehend anything of the scripts found on the internet.
What i need is just some simple help.
Take any script that you know that works for WOL and input the below info into it and share it with me and explain it please.
The PC details are 192.168.10.82 / 255.255.255.255 / 00:19:99:EB:27:FF
The above are the IP /Subnet /MAC. I have managed to use a 3rd party program to run the magic packet thing and it worked fine, the PC turned on from shutdown state just fine.
However i want to do this daily at a specific time and so i need to use a script with a scheduled task.
Please help me understand where the info i gave you fits into the script and how it all works please.

A: I still have no idea of how to use the thing above, the "Usage" has me super confused and the reply did not help me understand it any better so i played around with it for some time and changed it a bit.
param(
[string]$mac="XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX",   <# REPLACE THE WANTED MAC HERE WITH YOUR OWN  #>
[string]$ip="XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX",      <# <-REPLACE THE WANTED IP HERE WITH YOUR OWN #>
[int]$port=9                        <# Probably the port is 9 so leave it as it is#>
)

$broadcast = [Net.IPAddress]::Parse($ip)

$mac=(($mac.replace(":","")).replace("-","")).replace(".","")
$target=0,2,4,6,8,10 | % {[convert]::ToByte($mac.substring($_,2),16)}
$packet = (,[byte]255 * 6) + ($target * 16)

$UDPclient = new-Object System.Net.Sockets.UdpClient
$UDPclient.Connect($broadcast,$port)
[void]$UDPclient.Send($packet, 102)

As you can see above [string]$mac="XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX" part of the script and [string]$ip="XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX" are all you have to worry about, simply replace the X's with the details of the PC you want to wake up and you dont need to touch anything else.
Change the $MAC and $ip to what you need it to be, then you just saved it as wol.ps1 and simply right click it, run with powershell.
And youre done, it works perfectly fine so i still dont understand the above comment and how he planned on using it, but the above is srsly all anyone will ever need to make this run....
Enjoy and thank you for the help.