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Aktiviteter och evenemang
Tjänster och utbud
E-bok:Jacob's Room [Elektronisk resurs]:2016 E-bok Jacob's Room [Elektronisk resurs]
Av: Woolf, Virginia (Författare/medförfattare)
Förlag: Anncona Media
Resurstyp: Elektroniskt material
Online epub (0.4 MB)
Jacob's Room is the third novel by Virginia Woolf, first published on 26 October 1922. The novel centres, in a very ambiguous way, around the life story of the protagonist Jacob Flanders and is presented almost entirely through the impressions other characters have of Jacob. Thus, although it could be said that the book is primarily a character study and has little in the way of plot or background, the narrative is constructed with a void in place of the central character if, indeed, the novel can be said to have a 'protagonist' in conventional terms. Set in pre-war England, the novel begins in Jacob's childhood and follows him through college at Cambridge and into adulthood. The story is told mainly through the perspectives of the women in Jacob's life, including the repressed upper-middle-class Clara Durrant and the uninhibited young art student Florinda, with whom he has an affair. His time in London forms a large part of the story, though towards the end of the novel he travels to Italy and then Greece. The novel is a departure from Woolf's earlier two novels, The Voyage Out (1915) and Night and Day (1919), which are more conventional in form and narration. The work is seen as an important modernist text; its experimental form is viewed as a progression of the innovative writing style Woolf presented in her earlier collection of short fiction titled Monday or Tuesday (1919). Adeline Virginia Woolf (1882-1941) was an English author, essayist, publisher, and writer of short stories, regarded as one of the foremost modernist literary figures of the twentieth century. During the interwar period, Woolf was a significant figure in London literary society and a member of the Bloomsbury Group. Her most famous works include the novels Mrs. Dalloway (1925), To the Lighthouse (1927), and Orlando (1928), and the book-length essay A Room of One's Own (1929), with its famous dictum, "A woman must have money and a room of her own if she is to write fiction." [Elib]
The voyage out
Orlando: A Biography
Three Guineas
A Room of One's Own
Mrs Dalloway
A Haunted House and Other Stories
The Waves
The Years
Flush: A Biography
The London Scene
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Medietyp
Woolf, Virginia
Engelskspråkiga
Uddevalla stadsbibliotek Södergatan 26 451 40 Uddevalla 0522-69 65 00 stadsbiblioteket@uddevalla.se
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Kevin Smith >
Smith Wants To Take Clerks To Broadway
By WENN on 29 March 2012
Follow Kevin Smith
Picture: Kevin Smith attends a book signing for 'Tough Sh*t: Life Advice from a Fat, Lazy Slob Who Did Good' at Barnes & Noble bookstore...
Filmmaker Kevin Smith is planning to revive Clerks - on Broadway.
The director wants to make a third installment to follow up his cult movies Clerk and Clerks II, but only if he can launch it on the New York stage.
Smith hopes to open the play at the end of 2014 to mark the 20th anniversary of his directorial debut Clerks, about two convenience store workers.
Chatting about his plans at a book signing on Tuesday (27Mar12), he explained, "I do want to do it as a play... That would make me excited - to do a f**kin' live show."
But Smith will only go ahead with his plans if Clerks star Jeff Anderson will commit to performing in a live show.
He adds, "The one person who will be the hurdle on this... the person I'm going to have to convince, that's Jeff Anderson... If I can't convince him, there's no point in doing it; he is the key to Clerks for me. If he says yeah, then that's what we'll do - we'll do it as a Broadway play, which I think will be so fun for all of us."
Kevin Smith wrote a Superman movie for Ben Affleck
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Upcoming Kevin Smith Movie "Yoga Hosers" Looks Cool. And Very, Very Weird.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Этот список является списком видов млекопитающих, записанных на территории Кувейта (западная Азия).

Из 35 указанных в таблице видов, 1 вымерший, 1 находится под угрозой, 5 являются уязвимыми, 5 находятся в состоянии близком к уязвимому.

Следующие теги используются для выделения охранного статуса каждого вида по оценкам  МСОП:

Список

Источники
 Составлен с помощью расширенного поиска на веб-сайте  МСОП

Кувейт

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Jos Lammertink (* 28. März 1958 in Wierden) ist ein ehemaliger niederländischer Radrennfahrer.

Jos Lammertink war Profi-Rennfahrer von 1980 bis 1989 und konnte in dieser Zeit 38 Siege erringen. 1986 wurde er Niederländischer Meister im Straßenrennen. Noch als Amateur hatte er 1979 die Olympia's Tour gewonnen und hatte 1978 bereits die Amateurmeisterschaft für sich entscheiden können.

Lammertink war als Wasserträger für Eddy Planckaert und Eric Vanderaerden aktiv, für die er die Sprints anzog. Er selbst konnte zwei Etappen der Vuelta a España (1980 und 1981) gewinnen sowie das Rennen Kuurne–Brüssel–Kuurne.

2006 wurde das Kriterium von Wierden in "GP Jos Lammertink" benannt, das er selbst bei seiner ersten Austragung im Jahr 1982 gewonnen hatte; das Rennen wurde allerdings 2008 zum letzten Mal ausgetragen.

Lammertink hatte zeit seines Lebens Gesundheitsprobleme: 1985 fiel er längere Zeit aus, weil er am Pfeiferschen Drüsenfieber erkrankt war; seitdem leidet er an Problemen mit der Schilddrüse. Im Jahr darauf Jahr wurde er bei der Tour de France während der vierten Etappe von einem Auto angefahren und erlitt schwere Schädelverletzungen. 2004 wurde bekannt, dass Jos Lammertink an der Autoimmun-Störung '"Inclusion Body Myositis" (IBM) erkrankt ist.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Radsportler (Niederlande)
Niederländischer Meister (Radsport)
Niederländer
Geboren 1958
Mann


Thoughts From the Coffee Table: A few weeks ago I decided to get involved with "Adapt a Classroom" supporting a 2nd grade class in the US Virgin Island of St. Croix after watching a story on Good Morning America. Still reeling from the hurricanes last Fall, it has been a difficult road to get these kids back into working schools.
One of my neighbors joined in and tomorrow I will be mailing off our first 3 boxes of simple supplies like pencils, dry erase markers and a pencil sharpener, along with notes from her two boys. Of course I also decided to add a bunch of sidewalk chalk, just for some fun.
The process has made me think about corporate giving. So many businesses support worthy causes, and their support changes lives.
Today instead of my regular post, I want to know what causes your company supports and why you believe in it. Let's share a little GOOD news about how we all try to take care of one another.


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Michelle Obama: A first lady who charted her own course
By DARLENE SUPERVILLE Associated Press
FILE – In this May 3, 2011, file photo, first lady Michelle Obama dances with students at Alice Deal Middle School in northwest Washington during a surprise visit for the school's Let's Move! event. When Michelle Obama considered the daunting prospect of becoming first lady, she purposely avoided turning to books by her predecessors for guidance. Instead, she turned inward (AP Photo/Manuel Balce Ceneta, File)
When Michelle Obama considered the daunting prospect of becoming first lady, she avoided turning to books by her predecessors for guidance.
Instead, she turned inward.
"I didn't want to be influenced by how they defined the role," Mrs. Obama once said.
That meant doing it her way: shaping the role around her family, specifically her two young daughters, and not letting her new responsibilities consume her.
Mrs. Obama has been a powerful, if somewhat enigmatic, force in her husband's White House. She chose her moments in the often unforgiving spotlight with great care and resisted pressure to become more engaged in the mudslinging of partisan politics.
As she navigated her way through, the woman who grew up on the South Side of Chicago discovered a talent for television and a comfort with Hollywood A-listers, haute couture and social media. And she used all of those elements to promote her causes: childhood obesity, support for military families, girls' education.
Friends say she charted that path largely on her own.
"What she did was she sort of listened to herself and allowed her own inner voice and strength and direction to lead her in the way that felt most authentic to her. And I think watching somebody makes you want to do that for yourself," Oprah Winfrey told The Associated Press.
FILE – In this Oct. 6, 2015, file photo, first lady Michelle Obama, joined by school children from Washington area, pick sweet potatoes as they participate in a harvest of the White House Kitchen Garden at the White House in Washington.When Michelle Obama considered the daunting prospect of becoming first lady, she purposely avoided turning to books by her predecessors for guidance. Instead, she turned inward. (AP Photo/Andrew Harnik, File)
Mrs. Obama grappled with the childhood obesity issue before becoming first lady after a doctor warned about her daughters' weight.
At the White House, she decided to share her experience and started by planting a vegetable garden. That led the following year, in 2010, to the launch of her anti-childhood obesity initiative, "Let's Move."
The first lady appealed to elected officials, food makers, sellers, restaurant chains and others to try to make healthy food more accessible. She lobbied lawmakers to add more fruit, vegetables and whole grains, and limit fat, sugar and sodium in the federal school lunch program.
That led to the first update to the program in decades and, for Mrs. Obama, the process was akin to a crash course in Washington sausage-making. The effort was not universally welcomed. Republicans in Congress wanted to reverse the rules. Others said Mrs. Obama was acting like the "food police." Even the kids she wanted to help added to the backlash. Some students posted photos of lunches they found unappealing on Twitter with the hashtag (hash)ThanksMichelleObama, or tossed the food into the trash.
Mrs. Obama would never again try to work closely with Congress, opting instead to use her platform to press industry to change its ways.
It's too early to know how Mrs. Obama's efforts may affect childhood obesity rates long term, but advocates believe she helped change the debate around healthy eating. They worry about the fate of Mrs. Obama's effort under a White House and Congress that will be controlled by the GOP.
Mrs. Obama said some people initially wondered why she would bother with such a "softball issue" but "now, all those challenges and criticisms are off the table." She told talk-show host Rachael Ray that "at least we've become very aware as a society that this is one of our most important health issues."
She's said that when she leaves the White House next month, a few days after her 53rd birthday, she'll continue to work on the issues that engaged her as first lady.
FILE – In this Oct. 28, 2015, file photo, Britain's Prince Harry and first lady Michelle Obama tour the USO Warrior and Family Center at Fort Belvoir, Va. When Michelle Obama considered the daunting prospect of becoming first lady, she purposely avoided turning to books by her predecessors for guidance. Instead, she turned inward (AP Photo/Andrew Harnik, File)
Being first lady was never something Mrs. Obama imagined, given her modest upbringing, her distaste for politics and having never seen her skin color on a U.S. president and first lady.
Her early aversion to politics developed while watching her father navigate Chicago politics for his job with the city water department, and was reinforced by her husband's pursuit of a political career. Both Obamas have said his political ambition had strained their marriage and family.
Once in the White House, Mrs. Obama vowed to protect her then 10- and 7-year-old daughters' right to a normal childhood. She declared being "mom in chief" to Malia and Sasha as her priority, irking women who hoped the first lady might not allow herself to be constrained by stereotypes.
Mrs. Obama was an enthusiastic White House hostess. She rarely spoke about issues that were outside of her portfolio. She crafted her public schedule around her daughters' activities and limited her travel so she could spend time with them.
FILE – In this July 27, 2012, file photo, first lady Michelle Obama plays tennis with schoolchildren during a 'Let's Move!' event for about 1,000 American military children and American and British students at the U.S. ambassador's residence in London, ahead of the 2012 Summer Olympics. When Michelle Obama considered the daunting prospect of becoming first lady, she purposely avoided turning to books by her predecessors for guidance. Instead, she turned inward. (AP Photo/Lefteris Pitarakis, File)
The Obamas' parenting style _ which they often described as warm, but strict _ made them a point of pride, particularly for African-Americans.
"We have heard no Obama children drama," said Ingrid Saunders Jones, national chairwoman of the National Council of Negro Women.
Mrs. Obama didn't really begin to open up about the historic nature of her service as the first black woman to become first lady until the end of the presidency was in sight. She mostly addressed the subject when asked in interviews, when she discussed how important it was for children to see a black president and first lady.
Longtime friend and White House adviser Valerie Jarrett said Mrs. Obama was often reluctant to talk about such matters earlier because she wanted her legacy to be more than just her place in history.
"Her goal is not what she is, but what she does," Jarrett said.
Categories: National | News | Political
Tags: Chicago | childhood | Education | First Lady | FLOTUS | girls | Let's Move | Michelle Obama | mom in chief | obesity | The White House
With Final Press Briefing of 2016, President Obama Reflects on his Record
Yes We Did: Obama Rallies All Americans in Farewell Speech
Saying Goodbye to the Obamas is hard to do
Saluting the Greatness of Michelle Obama
Michelle Obama Leaves Legacy of Strength, Advocacy, Accomplishment
LA County Federation of Labor Celebrates Second Chances


Do you know how to sew? Tired of buying patterns and spending many hours making them fit? Are you comfortable around your sewing machine and understand sewing and construction? Are you interested in creating your own fashion garments?
What is a sloper? A sloper is a basic pattern which is drafted using your personal detailed measurements. Garments are created using at least one of 4 basic slopers: bodice, sleeve, skirt and pant. A bodice sloper is a basic jewel-necked design. Think of a sloper as a second skin - we are creating an exact replica of you! Once the sloper is fitted and trued, it is then used as the basic building block for our top.
In this workshop we will design a bodice sloper. After learning the correct way to measure yourself and how to draft the front bodice sloper and the back bodice sloper, we will then sew a muslin. We will then make any adjustments and alterations to your sloper. As it turns out, even custom measurements need to be fitted and trued! No two size 6 girls fit the same garment the same way! If necessary, a second muslin will be created after the pattern is trued and final adjustments made.
We will then learn to add ease and seam allowances and create a tank top using your custom sloper.
SUPPLIES: These will be emailed to you once you have enrolled in the class.


As part of a partnership between LAIX ARMS and Halcyon Arms, the two companies decided to take a look at the Kraken class SSGN, and Triton class SSBN, their design, and what could be done to take these two designs into the future. LAIX ARMS suggested that with modern advances in weaponry and electronics, the two classes could be merged into one class, with but a modular change in armament.
For LAIX ARMS purposes, the resulting design would be called the Dadao class, complementing the latest SSN and SSK designs completed by LAIX ARMS. For Halcyon Arms, the joint design would result in a simplification of their manufacturing processes, saving them time in building the resulting submarines, while increasing profit, and overall design reliability.
Last edited by Pharthan on Sat May 16, 2015 10:10 am, edited 7 times in total.
The hull of the Dadao class is constructed of HY-100 steel, which helps contribute to the submarine's deep crush depth of four hundred meters. It should be stated that the submarine should exercise extreme care any time that it is anywhere near this depth, as the pressure at that depth can crush the entire submarine as if it were an empty beer can, killing all aboard. The strength of the HY-100 hull is further increased through the use of ribbing and compartmentalization, as a submarine hull undergoes deformation with changes in pressure, and the hull must be able to withstand repeated deformation cycles.
The Dadao class also uses multiple methods and technologies in order to assist with acoustic stealth. Anechoic tiles are the first method. Anechoic tiles are rubber or synthetic polymer tiles containing thousands of tiny voids, applied to the outer hulls of military ships and submarines via adhesive.
1.) To absorb the sound waves of active sonar, reducing and distorting the return signal, thereby reducing its effective range.
2.) To attenuate the sounds emitted from the vessel, typically its engines, to reduce the range at which it can be detected by passive sonar.
The synthetic polymer tiles used on the Dadao class are 600 mm by 300 mm by 85 mm, and mass in at 31 kilograms.
Secondly, while not part of the submarine's hull per se, the submarine also incorporates a method for improving the acoustic impedance of Epoxy Resins. The process used has succeeded in producing a castable and high modulus acoustic dampening material, which absorbs acoustic energy.
Relative to soft rubbers and the like previously used for acoustic damping, the polymer (called "Amitto") has a high modulus of elasticity; that is, Amitto is stiffer and, therefore, better suited for applications in which some stiffness is required. One prior acoustic-dumping material contains lead, and is produced by casting into blocks that must then be machined to desired sizes and shapes. The release of lead particles during machining poses a toxicity hazard. In contrast, Amitto has little toxicity and can be cast in molds to final sizes and shapes, without machining.
1.) A rubber or similar material typically undergoes a glass-to-rubber transition in a temperature range characterized by a middle temperature Tg (denoted the glass-transition temperature). It is well established that such a material dissipates vibrations more effectively at Tg than at higher or lower temperature but also tends to be relatively soft (to have low E) at Tg. A rubber or similar material typically undergoes a glass-to-rubber transition in a temperature range characterized by a middle temperature Tg (denoted the glass-transition temperature). It is well established that such a material dissipates vibrations more effectively at Tg than at higher or lower temperature but also tends to be relatively soft (to have low E) at Tg.
2.) It is also well established that the rate at which acoustic energy enters the material is proportional to E1/2. Hence, if a material has low E, it may not absorb acoustic energy at a rate high enough to be considered an efficient damper, even at Tg.
While it is currently not possible for a single component material to possess high dampening ability, as well as a high value of E, it is possible for a two component material to do this. A higher-damping, lower modulus component is dispersed within a lower-damping, higher-modulus component. This principle underlies Amitto, in which two-component materials are synthesized following a phase-segregation approach common to that followed in synthesis of rubber toughened epoxy materials.
In Amitto, the higher-damping, lower-modulus component is a carboxy-terminated butadiene nitrile (CTBN) formulated to have a Tg at or near the intended use temperature, and the lower-damping, higher-modulus component is an epoxy. In the first step of the synthesis of the material, a CTBN or a suitable mixture of CTBNs is mixed into an epoxy resin (typically in a proportion of 1 to 3 parts of CTBN to 10 parts of epoxy by weight or volume) at a temperature of about 150°C.
Once the epoxy resin has become modified by reaction with the CTBN, it is cooled, and then mixed with the epoxy-curing agent (2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole). The curing reaction involves both cross-linking and gelling of the resin molecules. During the curing reaction, the CTBN component becomes segregated into a separate phase comprising discrete, approximately spherical rubbery domains, between 1 and 10 μm in diameter, dispersed throughout the epoxy resin. Because most of the volume of the material is occupied by the relatively high-modulus epoxy and the Tg of the rubbery domains occupying part of the volume is at or near the intended use temperature, the material can have the desired combination of sufficient stiffness and sufficient damping.
The amount of rubber added to the epoxy is low enough that the modulus of the resulting composite does not vary much from the unmodified and high modulus epoxy resin. This high modulus allows a larger amount of acoustic energy to enter the material, where it is absorbed by the rubbery component. The resultant material is non-brittle and when cast in place the material exhibits adhesion to many surfaces.
The resulting polymer is situated between the chassis, and three centimeter thick panels of Aermet 100, contained inside the bulkheads surrounding the various compartments of the submarine.
Thirdly, machinery inside of the submarine is made further quiet via a process known as 'rafting,' in which the machinery is attached to rafts of synthetic polymer and metal, which serves to reduce machinery vibrations to the hull, and thus radiated noise.
The submarine uses a pump-jet propulsor, which further quiets the submarine by reducing tip vortices, as well as reducing cavitation. Even with the pump-jet propulsor installed the submarine will always be quieter at slower speeds. While not part of the stealth measures of the submarine, the Xiphos uses computer controlled X-rudder configuration, allowing the submarine enhanced maneuverability in both shallow and deep waters, as well as the ability to hover closer to the sea floor when required.
The bow and stern planes, which project out to the sides of the boat, are used to "fly" the boat through the water. By varying the angle on these planes the boat may be made to rise, fall, or remain at the same depth as it moves forward. Since the boat is normally trimmed to be slightly positively buoyant, the planes are used to hold it down. This is a safety feature, because if all power is lost it is normally preferable to slowly rise to the surface and not to sink.
Finally, a degaussing procedure is used to reduce the magnetic signature of the submarine. A sea-going metal-hulled ship or submarine, by its very nature, develops a magnetic signature as it travels, due to a magneto-mechanical interaction with Earth's magnetic field. This signature can be exploited by magnetic mines, or facilitate the detection of a submarine by ships or aircraft with magnetic anomaly detection (MAD) equipment. Navies use the deperming procedure, in conjunction with degaussing, as a countermeasure against this.
Specialized deperming facilities are used to perform the procedure. Heavy gauge copper cables encircle the hull and superstructure of the vessel, and very high electrical currents (as high as 4000 amperes) are pulsed through the cables. This has the effect of "resetting" the ship's magnetic signature. It is also possible to assign a specific signature that is best suited to the particular area of the world in which the ship will operate. But over time, the deperm will begin to degrade, and the procedure must be redone periodically to maintain the desired effect.
The Dadao has a displacement of 87,000.00 tonnes while submerged. The main ballast tanks of the submarine help allow it to surface or dive. In addition to the main ballast tanks, which are normally kept either empty or completely full, there are also several variable ballast tanks inside the pressure hull. These include bow and stern buoyancy tanks, various trim tanks, and the negative and safety tanks.
The sail has been hardened, so that the submarine may punch through arctic ice, if the need arises.
A specially designed dry-dock shelter for Swimmer Delivery Vehicles can be installed over the submarine's aft escape trunk, allowing the submarine to remain farther offshore while still being able to deliver special forces commandos to and from the beach. The aft escape trunk is also compatible with Submarine Rescue Vehicles, which offers a capability to remove the crew from the submarine if the submarine becomes disabled. Six people can be processed through the aft escape trunk at a time, due to space constraints.
Aft of the reactor compartment is a special escape trunk, which can accept objects up to the size of 463L master pallets, allowing the Dadao class to be restocked with food and other supplies via helicopter delivery, if desired. The capability can be used to extend deterrent patrols, airlift human casualties off of the submarine, or to increase the number of people that can escape the submarine, should the submarine be in an emergency situation in which this would be required.
The Dadao class uses two S6H1 Pressurized Water Nuclear Reactor Plants to provide power for the submarine via a nuclear powered Integrated Electric Power System, which uses electrical power from the Pressurized Water Reactors in order to both provide propulsive power to the pump-jet propulsor, as well as providing electrical power to all of the other systems onboard the submarine.
The S6H1 is a Pressurized Water Reactor utilizing nuclear fission for the purpose of heat production to be used to create steam for usable work. The S6H1 is jointly designed and built by Halcyon Arms, LAIX ARMS, and Asimov Engineering. Core life is expected to be twenty years, depending on operations, maintenance, and modifications made. Utilized for only electrical power, the core may last for up to 60 years. The reactor core is rated to 310 MW production capacity and utilizes highly enriched uranium as fuel. The Uranium is made into uranium oxide pellets which are then clad in zircaloy to make fuel-plates, which are stacked with gaps between them (for coolant to pass through), and made into assemblies, which are then assembled around a center channel design for the control rod to pass through, making a fuel assembly. This fuel assembly is immobile within the core.
A scaled up version of previous designs, the S6H1 is a two-loop reactor plant design, using highly pressurized and purified water as both coolant and moderator. The heated coolant passes through a boiler unit, heating it's water to produce steam. This water is then pumped back to the core by a reactor coolant pump, one per loop, where it passes around the reactor vessel, mixing with water from the other loop and then through a colander to ensure proper mixing of the coolant and filtration of debris, should any exist. From the colander the water passes up through the first-pass fuel channels for the initial heating, then out, around, and down the fuel assemblies to again pass upwards through the second-pass fuel channels, heating up the coolant further before ejecting it into the outlet region, where the coolant is sent back through towards the boiler units. All water which passes through the reactor and it's coolant loops are referred to as "The Primary," with all water that passes through the steam plant referred to as "The secondary."
The boilers provide steam for three turbine generators, one of which is used to power the reactor coolant pumps and assist with propulsion, and the other two powering the Common Electrical Distribution System, though they may provide power for the reactor coolant pumps. The steam, once passing through all systems, directly condenses into water in condensers and is pumped back to the boiler units.
The secondary water never comes into contact with primary water, and is kept at much lower pressures, allowing for it to boil when achieving the same temperature as the primary. The primary water is kept far below saturation temperature for the pressure it attains, and uses a pressurizer as a surge volume for it's water.
The S6H1 utilizes All-Electric Propulsion. Instead of main engines driving a shaft with separate turbines generating power for the ship's electric plant, all major steam-driven turbines provide electrical power. This power is then transmitted as needed around the ship, with the majority, especially in transit or combat, going to the pump-jet propulsor. This eliminates the large, heavy shaft and it's bearings, much of the lubrication oil system, and the massive and expensive reduction gears.
Overall, this makes the entire power plant smaller, cheaper, and easier to manage and maintain. The bearings on turbines are electromagnetic, reducing friction.
Due to using water as a coolant/moderator, the reactor achieves natural stability. If the reactor experiences an up-power transient, when the coolant heats up further it will be less dense and moderate fewer neutrons, so more neutrons will escape the core, again lowering reactor power back to it's original state. The only process, therefore, which will change reactor power and maintain it steady-state at that new power is a change in steam-demand, save for massive introductions of poisons which drive the reactor out of it's power range, such as a protective "Scram".
Conversely, other factors can change temperature, namely the introduction of poisons, to include control rods. Silver-indium-cadmium alloy (80% Ag, 15% In, 5% Cd) control rods are used for reactor control as well as protection; in the event of a loss of power they will automatically scram (insert to the bottom of the core, shutting it down completely). This can also be done by the operator or by automatic action in the event of other casualties as well. Additional safety features include automatic filling of the reactor, should the core become depressurized and risk becoming uncovered, which would mean a lack of coolant and would allow for potential meltdown. With this, significant release of fission-product contamination external to the hull of the ship is guarded against.
The S6H1 is capable of operating at up to 10% power without powering it's reactor coolant pumps; this natural circulation can be used for both decay heat removal and low power operations, making the reactor plant relatively quiet, but this natural circulation also provides for power transient-response and is not suitable for combat operations. As they are easy to cool without operator action or electrical power, the S6H1 reactor design is remarkably safe when shutdown. This also means that the reactor plant can perform a battery-only start-up, which is highly valuable for combat scenarios or a loss of all reactor plants simultaneously. The S6H1 also utilizes an Emergency Core Cooling system, which pipes primary-system water via a thermal driving head to heat exchangers that use seawater. Like others, this system requires no power and initiates automatically.
Radiation shielding is required and makes up the outside of the reactor compartment, which houses the reactor, boiler units, coolant loops, reactor coolant pumps, pressurizer, and filtration system. The shielding is made up of borated polyethylene, water tanks, steel, and lead. It also has photovoltaic cells lining the inner wall to provide a trickle-flow of electricity to power the ship's battery and auxiliary reactor-plant batteries. With the reactor at power this trickle flow can be used to maintain a supply of electricity to critical components. Entering this reactor compartment while the reactor is at power is considered to be deadly, but the layered shielding is so sufficient that personnel working in the propulsion plant will receive less radiation than those working on the weatherdecks of the vessel.
In the event of a loss of power, emergency diesel generators can provide auxiliary power. They are primarily designed to support the reactor plant's automatic fill protection system, but they can also be aligned to the common electrical distribution system for propulsion or other power needs.
In the Dadao class, the dual-reactor plant starts aft of the center of the ship and takes up the majority of the aft end of the boat. Boilers are placed centerline, where they may sit higher, and the reactors, which share a reactor compartment for size concerns, sit on either side of the boiler units. The boilers are placed higher to aid natural circulation. Auxiliary reactor systems required to be maintained in the reactor compartment must be shielded along with the reactors.
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The key words for modern nuclear and diesel submarines comprise: International Operations, Interoperability with other naval units, ISTAR (Intelligence, Surveillance, Target Acquisition, Reconnaissance), and Network Enabled Capabilities. To do the job, submarine command teams need a system that can deal with the massive volume of data that is produced by the submarine's more and more sophisticated sensors and systems, while displaying the vital data most needed by the command team.
The Equitatus Integrated Combat System is designed specifically for this. It is based on a fully distributed, easily-upgradeable open computer architecture, laid out around a high-bandwidth data bus and employing state of the art software. The standardized multi-function operator consoles, equipped with the latest flat-screen LCD displays, offer a very user-friendly human-computer interface.
The system typically comprises three to five Multi-Function Consoles. This number can easily be adjusted upwards or downwards, for example to meet the customer's operational concept or to fit the available space.
Application functions: sensor integration, sensor administration and control, contact/target correlation, target motion analysis, classification, and identification.
Decision support and advisory functions: threat evaluation and engagement analysis.
Weapon functions: torpedo preparation, firing, and control, as well as missile preparation and firing, mine functions, and torpedo countermeasure functions.
Utility functions: data recording, data replay, embedded simulation, system administration, and integrated communications.
Further, the system allows for instant messenger style communications between various compartments of the submarine, a feature which can be especially useful when the submarine is in ultra-quiet conditions. Equitatus is fully capable of targeting and firing torpedos, anti-shipping missiles, and even cruise missiles, and manages sensor data, including sensor data fusion, allowing for faster target classification and identification.
The Equitatus Integrated Combat System acts as a force multiplier, which helps to increase the tempo of submarine operations, as well as being easy to maintain due to the system's open architecture, and use of COTS components. The system software is structured in functional units, making the software just as modular as the system's hardware, and a delight for submariners to use in the performance of their duties.
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The first part of the communications suite of the Dadao class is a Ka-band SATCOM communications system. This allows for communications between higher command and the submarine, no matter where in the world that the submarine is.
Communications Management Software has been installed onboard the submarine, providing economical, efficient, and effective routing of messages across multiple communications frequencies both within and without the submarine. When combined with the submarine's Integrated Combat Management System, the communications management software also allows for instant messenger style communications between compartments within the submarine. This feature does not involve sound, and can be used even in ultra-quiet conditions.
A floating wire communications device allows the submarine to receive communications in the 2 MHz to 35 MHz range while the submarine is at depths of up to 125 meters from the surface. Reeling and unreeling of the floating wire can be performed at depths of up to 400 meters. This measure gives the submarine the ability to remain stealthy while receiving important communications, even in enemy patrolled waters.
A Digital Modular Radio has been installed in the Dadao, with a frequency range of from 2 MHz to 2 GHz. When combined with the installed communications management software, the Digital Modular Radio provides a single point of control for communications in the maritime HF, VHF, and UHF radio bands. Two crossed loop type antennas are present on the Dadao, allowing the communications system to pick up and transmit in the VLF/LF bands. On exported Dadao class submarines, the communications encryption computer has been erased, so that export customers can provide their own encryption protocols for all communications.
Expendable UHF radio buoys can be launched from the submarine as well. These radio buoys can be pre-programmed with a desired message before being launched from the submarine. Once launched, the radio buoy ascends to the surface, where it will begin transmitting the pre-programmed message in the UHF band a total of four times before scuttling itself, thus not allowing the enemy evidence that the submarine was even in the area.
An ELF receiver has also been installed, allowing for the purchasing nation to be able to contact their submarines while they are at depth. Since ELF transmissions have a very low data rate, these transmissions are generally short, rarely consisting of more than a short alphanumeric code bloc that tells the submarine to reach periscope depth for the reception of further communications using higher data rate radio frequencies.
Tied in with the MOAS sonar, the Dadao class implements an underwater telephone. Using high frequency acoustic transmissions, the underwater telephone provides the ability to communicate with other submarines without having to come near the surface. Users of this system should be advised that it is possible for nearby enemy units to be able to track the acoustic transmissions, and therefore use of the system should only occur when needed, and once it has been determined that the area is clear of nearby enemy units.
An IFF system has also been installed, which tells friendly units and weapons that the submarine is another friendly unit, and should not be attacked or fired upon. The system is meant to help prevent blue on blue friendly fire situations, as well as helping to improve the tactical picture for all friendly units.
The communications suite of the Dadao class also enables it to be a small but powerful forward command post for special operations forces, while being deniable due to the stealth inherent in modern submarines.
The L-Cube integrated sonar system is designed to provide a safety bubble around the submarine by providing three-hundred sixty degree sonar coverage out to hundreds of kilometers away from the submarine. Information from each of the sonar sensors is integrated onto the master waterfall displays on the sonar operators multi-function consoles, allowing the Dadao class to detect targets, detect threats such as torpedos, as well as helping the submarine to navigate. The processing power of the system is said to be equivalent to 60,000 home PCs, which translates to vastly improved detection and beam-forming algorithms.
The bow mounted low-frequency active/passive sonar system eschews the spherical sonar array systems of previous SSN classes, and instead opts for a parabolic shaped bow mounted conformal sonar array. This design increases the amount of space in the forward spaces of the submarine, while not degrading sonar performance. The choice of a low frequency array was made in order to increase the distance under which contacts could be detected, though like all sonar systems, detection distance (and therefore sonar performance) is also heavily affected by external environmental and sound propagation conditions.
A high frequency passive intercept sonar array has also been fitted to the Dadao. This system detects active sonar from other ships and submarines, calculating the distance, bearing, and elevation to the source of the noise being tracked, thus assisting the other sonar arrays onboard the submarine.
The submarine's polyvinylidene diflouride (PVDF) sensor based planar flank arrays are modular in construction, the length being determined by the length of the submarine. Rather than using three sonar panels per side as in standard Wide Aperture Array sonar systems, the Dadao class submarine's low frequency planar flank arrays can fulfill all functions of a Wide Aperture Array with one longer sonar array on each side of the submarine. Adaptive beam-forming allows for greater resistance against both own-noise and flow noise, which further increases detection and classification performances, even at high speed. Excellent bearing resolution/discrimination features enable improved Target Motion Analysis capabilities. Each planar flank array provides sonar coverage over 165 degrees, overlapping the sonar coverage from other sonar devices onboard.
A fully reelable passive, thin-line, low frequency towed array sonar has also been fitted to the Dadao, allowing the submarine to detect contacts at long range, even when the submarine is moving at high speed. The towed array sonar can operate at depths of up to 800 meters, which is deeper than the submarine can operate, and can be placed above or below any nearby thermoclines, reducing the chance that enemies can use the thermocline to ambush the submarine. The towed array sonar can be reeled back into a storage compartment in the submarine when it is not needed, or when the water depth is too shallow to permit use of the towed array.
The Dadao is fit with a passive own-noise hydrophone system, which can assist with stealth by giving the commanding officer a good idea of how noisy or quiet that his/her submarine is. Moving at high speed will increase the amount of noise generated by any submarine, as will any other activity which generates noise. This noise will enable other ships and submarines to detect the source of the noise on passive sonar, compromising stealth.
The Mine and Obstacle Avoidance Sonar is a combined three dimensional high frequency/low frequency active sonar which is meant to provide safe navigation in hazardous areas. The MOAS system is divided into separate transmitting and receiving transducers, which can be shaped to fit into any available space in the submarine's bow that is large enough to accommodate them, thus reducing flow noise. The MOAS's active sonar signals can provide three dimensional sonar data from ranges between 100 meters to 3,000 meters, and the range can be set by the sonar operator to fit any tactical need, including mapping the ocean bottom.
The Dadao has four small high frequency active sonar panels on the sail. These are used for under-ice sonar, allowing the submarine to determine the thickness of the ice above it, helping it to find a place where the submarine can surface through the ice, if required. Meanwhile, an echosounder system determines the depth to the ocean bottom from the ship's keel. The information generated can be useful in determining the overall tactical situation.
A pair of optronics masts have also been fitted to the Dadao. Unlike more traditional periscopes, optronics masts, do not penetrate a submarine's pressure hull, and can transmit the images they capture to a large screen television in the submarine's control room, which no longer has to be directly under the submarine's sail. These optronics masts make use of electro-optical, imaging infra-red, and low-light level television channels in order to gain a clear picture of conditions on the surface, and also help with submarine navigation when entering or leaving port. The optronics masts also feature an eye-safe High Repetition Rate InGaAs laser diode pumped, Er:Glass laser rangefinder as an option for determining the range to objects on or above the surface.
Sitting on top of one of the optronics masts is the ESM/ELINT sensor, which can detect and locate electronic emissions in a frequency range from 0.6 to 40 GHz, using phase and amplitude direction finding methods to determine the bearing and distance to the specified electronic emission with an accuracy of under two degrees of bearing. ESM/ELINT signals are compared against a database of previously detected electronic emissions, in order to determine if the electronic emission in question can be identified. New electronic emissions can also be uploaded from the submarine's ESM/ELINT library to other ships or shore facilities, or they can be downloaded to the submarine from other ships, aircraft, or shore facilities.
On top of the other optronics mast is the SIGINT/COMINT sensor. The system is dedicated to tactical reconnaissance in surveillance, early warning, and communications intelligence (COMINT). It fully integrates wide band interception, direction finding, signal processing, and analysis for the complete HF and UHF frequency range (100 KHz to 3 GHz). The ESM mode focuses on the automated detection, acquisition, classification, and tracking of emitters to generate information for the commander on duty. In COMINT mode one, the system is focused on the manual search and detection of signals - interception, analysis, recording, and processing is provided. COMINT mode two supports remote controlled operation as a sensor platform. The antenna system is supported by a water-cooled, ruggedized electronic computer system, which can assist in the detection, logging, recording, and decoding of intercepted communications.
The two primary electronic navigation tools onboard the Dadao class are a Global Positioning System receiver, as well as an Inertial Navigation System. While inertial drift is common to all INS units over time, the unit onboard the Kukri has the low inertial drift of 1.85 kilometers per twenty-four hours. INS drift can be corrected by taking GPS fixes, but this involves the submarine going to periscope depth, and so might not always be tactically advisable.
The Dadao class also has an X-band Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave, Low Probability of Intercept navigational radar. The radar is less likely to be detected by enemy ESM, and can also be used to gather short range targeting information on enemy surface units and low-flying aircraft. However, while the likelihood of the enemy detecting the radar is low, it is highly suggested that the operator only use the radar when entering or leaving port. The radar has a range of 44 kilometers.
Navigational charts and dead reckoning are also part of the navigational tools onboard the submarine, with the MOAS sonar being capable of supplementing the submarine's navigation, if used wisely.
While near shore, port facility navigational aids can also be used to calculate the submarine's position.
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The Dadao's main armament consists of six five hundred thirty-three millimeter torpedo tubes, capable of launching torpedos, anti-shipping missiles, and mines. The primary torpedo carried by the Dadao class is the LA-91 Iaculum heavyweight torpedo, but any five hundred thirty-three millimeter diameter torpedo can be used. The torpedo room can hold any combination of forty torpedos or AShMs, or it can hold up to eighty mines.
The secondary armament consists of thirty-six VLS cells, each capable of holding a single LY4046 Dawnbringer SLBM, as well as firing it via gas charges instead of the more common piston based system. In addition, these same tubes can also be fitted with Common Weapon Launcher Modules at a rate of one CWL per VLS tube, in order to fit different types of weapons or features to the submarine. Removing the CWL module from a VLS tube will again permit the modular VLS tube to fit a Dawnbringer SLBM, and different modules can be fitted at need.
Derived from the twin concepts of STANFLEX modules and Legos, the Common Weapon Launcher Modules make use of the plug and play hardware concept, interfacing with the computers onboard the submarine for efficient operation. Software can easily be replaced or upgraded as needed, and the ship is ready to set sail within a few hours after the modules have been installed. Module training simulation capabilities enable the crew to train on the functions and abilities of any of the modules while underway. Modules can be installed on the submarine in any amount (up to the number of VLS tubes), or in any combination, as desired for the submarine's given mission. Except for the AUV, the weapons for these modules (as well as the SLBMs and torpedoes) must be purchased separately. The REMUS 6000 AUV design blueprints come with the submarine, allowing the purchasing nation to manufacture it right away.
The REMUS 6000 AUV system is a multi-role Autonomous Underwater Vehicle, capable of diving to depths of up to 6,000 meters, and using various sensors to fulfill multiple roles from mine detection to sea-floor mapping, to underwater image taking, and even as an auxiliary satellite communications device. The AUV has a typical endurance of sixteen hours, allowing the parent submarine to collect large amounts of potentially useful data, and even be able to participate in the search for downed aircraft, or submarines in distress. The submarine can either control the AUV via acoustic modem, or it can pre-program the AUV to perform a mission, and then the submarine can return when the AUV's mission is complete.
Launched under its own power for the VLS tube in which it is housed, the AUV is recovered by traveling to a pre-arranged position and depth, where a smaller underwater vehicle will be deployed from the VLS tube from which the AUV was launched, dragging the AUV back into the VLS tube. Once the water has been pumped out of the VLS tube in question, maintenance or other interaction with the AUV can be carried out.
The modules can be removed or replaced by any facility with cranes of the proper capacity, meaning that ships do not need to be taken out of service for a significant amount of time in order to install the desired capabilities. Alternatively, if the submarine itself needs extended repairs, the modules themselves can be used on other Dadao class submarines, if operational conditions require this. As any future Lamonian SSBN/SSGN classes would also use the same CWL module system, the modules can be used on these successors, allowing for a much smaller capability gap, as any new ships using the system do not have to have the modules built-in, therefore lowering overall construction costs, and decreasing construction times for new submarines.
In addition, modules can be stored in controlled conditions when not in use, lowering the amount of preventative maintenance that the modules would otherwise require.
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The Dadao class is protected from enemy torpedos by the Umbro countermeasures suite. The system starts with the torpedo defense computer, which is tied into the submarine's sonar suite and combat management system. Programmed with advanced defensive algorithms, the Umbro suite can be set to either automatic or semi-automatic (man in the loop) modes.
The Umbro countermeasures suite also contains torpedo defense simulations, which are a valuable training aid, and can be programmed with the latest defense algorithms should new situations or solutions arise. No decoys are launched during these simulations, but the system otherwise acts as normal.
The Torfector is a rapid response, fourth generation torpedo decoy, designed to work against the latest in both light and heavyweight torpedo threats.
Upon launch, the Torfector decoy will use its small pump-jet propulsor to move a safe distance away from the protected submarine, where it will begin using advanced acoustic signals meant to lure the torpedo towards the decoy. Once the decoy senses that the targeted torpedo is nearing its closest point of approach, the decoy self-destructs, ensuring that the torpedo cannot re-attack the protected submarine. Use of RHA steel for the casing of the Torfector decoy allows the decoy to be used in depths of up to 500 meters, which is deeper than the effective depth for other modern torpedo decoys. Each Torfector decoy is intended to be able to first acoustically seduce, then damage or destroy a single enemy torpedo, but multiple decoys can be launched, if desired.
The Torfector's underwater blast warhead is composed of Composition B2211, which is also notably used in the Lamonian LA-91 Iaculum Heavyweight Torpedo. Composition B2211 is composed of 20% RDX, 40% Ammonium Perchlorate, 16% Aluminum, and 24% Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB). Composition B2211 is a high-impulse, high-bubble-energy, insensitive explosive that conforms to NATO's STANAG 4439 and France's Murat-2 standards. The warhead is intended to damage or destroy the incoming torpedo.
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Crew amenities, for the most part, are as standard with any Pharthan submarine. Most individual sailors are allotted their own "Coffin-Rack," with storage underneath the rack, which sits in a tray that can be lifted to expose personal storage space, as well as a personal locker. Each rack space comes with a personal reading light, towel-hangar, emergency egress breathing device stowage, personal six-outlet power strip, and a state-of-the-art Smart Reveille Suite, or SRS. Some of these racks, especially for smaller submarines, must be "hot-racked," meaning that multiple sailors, usually only two, must share a rack. For these cases, the SRS may be keyed to either individual.
The SRS monitors the sleep pattern of the sailor, and can be programmed in with the applicable Watchstation Schedule, Morning Routine & Muster, et cetera. For those requiring certain amounts of sleep such as pilots, it can also advise the sailor on when they should be falling asleep. The SRS is a computer roughly the size of a smart-phone, built into the rack itself and is tamper resistant. It also includes vibration sensors which are, as a standard, built into the walls and base of the rack, as well as separate remote sensors to be able to differentiate natural ship motion from the motions of the sailor.
In the event the sailor is late for watch or muster, a louder alarm and brighter lights will be emitted. The speakers for the sounds are directed inward, and additional sound-proofing is provided to prevent disturbing other sailors.
Biodegradable trash disposal is handled by means of a smaller tube not unlike that used for torpedos. Dry waste is consolidated using a trash compactor and then placed in special cans. These cans are fabricated on board from prepunched galvanized, perforated steel sheets, using a roller tool. The resulting cans are 72.39 centimeters long and 22.86 centimeters in diameter. They have metal tops and bottom caps. Wet waste is disposed of the in the same way, except that a food grade aluminum foil tri-laminate bag is placed inside of each "wet can." The tri-laminate bag ensures that none of the wet waste leaks from the container, and is sealed when full.
Metal weights are added to the interior of the cans, ensuring that the cans will go to the bottom. The cans are ejected from the submarine using a trash disposal unit (TDU), which is a long cylindrical, vertical tube connected to the ocean through a ball valve. Several cans are placed atop one another in the TDU, the top of the TDU is sealed by closing a pressure cap, the ball valve is opened, and the cans ejected through a combination of gravity and air pressure. It should be noted that this procedure can compromise the submarine's acoustic stealth by generating noise.
Trash which does not biodegrade is stored inside of the submarine until it can be off-loaded in port facilities.
The Dadao class can carry special forces commandos with very spartan accommodations. They can enter and exit the submarine through the six-man after escape trunk, which can also fit a DSRV or ASDS type mini-submarine, if required.
Food is provided for both officers and enlisted from the ship's galley, which uses all electric cooking equipment in order to reduce the noise made from preparing food for the crew. The endurance of the submarine is determined by maintenance and the amount of food stored onboard. The Dadao class can carry enough food for one hundred twenty days of operation before the submarine must resupply.
In order to obtain purified water, the Dadao class uses a distillation plant that heats seawater to water vapor, which removes the salts, and then cools the water vapor into a collecting tank of fresh water. The distillation plant on some submarines can produce 38,000 - 150,000 liters of fresh water per day, and most of this water is used mainly for cooling electronic equipment (such as computers and navigation equipment) and for supporting the crew (for example, drinking, cooking and personal hygiene).
There are two washing machines, and two clothes dryers on board the submarine. This is enough for laundry to be conducted on a weekly basis by each of the submarine's operational divisions (command, weapons, sonar, engineering). As always, the operation of these machines produces noise, and can help to compromise acoustic stealth, so care should be taken when operating them, even though like other heavy electronic devices onboard the submarine, the washer and dryer are rafted.
Computer controlled electrolysis of water is used to create and maintain a breathable atmosphere in the submarine, while atmospheric scrubbers cleanse the air of toxic or otherwise harmful substances. Meanwhile moisture is prevented from condensing inside of the submarine via dehumidification technology. Climate control is maintained using electrically powered heaters and air-conditioners for the benefit of both the crew, as well as any electronic devices onboard the submarine.
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Should the submarine encounter serious trouble and need rescue, there are multiple systems assigned to help the crew to rescue their submarine, and escape alive.
1.) RESUS - The Resus system is a series of solid-fuel gas generators, which can be used to empty the ballast tanks in an emergency, thus helping the submarine to reach the surface. The solid-fuel propellant for the Resus system consists of 157 kilograms of Glycidyl-Acido-Polymer and Strontium Nitrate, which generates a gas of 34% Nitrogen, 36% Carbon Di-oxide, and 30% water. While this system can be used at any water depth, it is considered to be especially useful in deep water, where the submarine might otherwise reach crush depth.
2.) Emergency Sonar Beacon - A submarine in distress raises the urgent need for quick detection and salvage. Search and rescue highly depend on efficient systems which alert passing vessels and provide locating signals to rescue units. The use of a low frequency sonar transducer provides very long ranges of detection and a high frequency sonar transducer offers very precise guidance of rescue equipment in the close range. The EBS system uses active sonar pings in both high and low frequencies in order to assist rescuers in locating the stricken submarine more quickly. The system can be activated manually, or automatically by remote water contact switches coupled with water pressure sensors.
3.) SEPIRB - The Submarine Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon or SEPIRB, is a radio signaling device used for locating a submarine in distress. The SEPIRB is stored onboard the submarine, and at the time of the emergency retrieved from storage and launched. The submarine may be surfaced or submerged at time of launch.
The SEPIRB surfaces and transmits a digital message to the submarine owner's national satellite network, which obtains the position of the SEPIRB to within 100 yards using an GPS receiver onboard the SEPIRB. The transmitted message contains the current elapsed time since activation and the submarine's Unique Identifier code until a valid location is obtained from GPS (the "initial location"). Once the initial location is obtained from GPS the transmitted message contains the current elapsed time, identifier code, initial location obtained by GPS, and elapsed time associated with the initial location. If no GPS location is obtained and/or transmitted by the Submarine EPIRB then its location (to within approximately 3.2 kilometers) will be determined by standard satellite direction-finding methods.
Six hours after actuation, the SEPIRB begins to transmit a 121.5 MHz beacon which is used both in locating/retrieving the buoy and as a backup to the national satellite system message transmissions. The SEPIRB continues both the message transmissions and beacon until either the batteries are exhausted or until the device is retrieved and manually deactivated.
The 100 centimeter long by 7.6 centimeter diameter SEPIRB unit is constructed of Aluminum, and has a weight of 3.6 kilograms. The SEPIRB unit runs on a LiMnO2 battery, which gives it over forty eight hours of battery life.
4.) Submarine Escape Immersion Equipment Mk. X - The SEIE Mk. X suit is a whole-body suit and one-man life raft, designed by British company RFD Beaufort Limited, that allows submariners to escape from a sunken submarine. The suit provides protection against hypothermia and is rapidly replacing the Steinke hood rescue device. The suit allows survivors to escape a disabled submarine at depths down to 183 meters, at a rate of eight or more men per hour, via the disabled submarine's escape trunk. A typical assembly comprises a submarine escape and immersion suit, an inner thermal liner, and a gas-inflated single-seat life raft, all contained in an outer protective stowage compartment.
The intention of the suit is not only to keep the escapee dry and protected from cold shock during ascent, but the suit also acts as a thermal-efficient immersion suit at the surface, with the goal of providing full protection. It provides sufficient lifting force to take the escapee from the submarine to the surface at a "safe" speed of approximately two to three meters per second.


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Skin. The black lightning extinguished the Light
In the means of Benfica, the nice Santos appeared: a comet in its mild! Gilmar; Olavo and Dalmo; Zito, Mauro and Calvet; Dorval, Mengalvio, Coutinho, Pele and Pepe. The champion of Europe in opposition to the champion of South America. The 1st leg match, at the Maracanã, was a celebration of opposition and opposition soccer: generally they fought Santos, generally they fought Benfica; generally they fought in opposition to Santos, generally they fought in opposition to Benfica. Over 170,000 individuals at Maracanã! Vila Belmiro, with about 20,000 seats, was not appropriate for worldwide matches. To Pelé's objective, in the thirty first minute, Santana responded, in the 58th minute; to the targets of Coutinho (64m) and Pelé (86m), Santana responded (87m). The rope was stretched to the breaking level: in Lisbon the route can be determined. Nelson Rodrigues, the biggest soccer author: "I do not know should you keep in mind Benfica x Santos, which was performed in Lisbon, years in the past. It would have been the identical as some other, if the presence of Pelé had not modified, giving him an enormous function. What the creole did, there is no such thing as a Homer to explain. He handed his enemies like a ghost by way of the partitions. I keep in mind the objective, how he, in an ideal entry, shot 5 opponents and went in with the ball and all the pieces. To say that it was good, it was good, it was spectacular is an understatement. It was past all adjectives. His thigh was robust, tight, as essential as the tip of a darkish horse. Benfica's protection didn't know what to do, and there was nothing to do. Pelé was a drive of nature »
Pelé created certainly one of the biggest issues in Lisbon. It was not for nothing that they christened this Benfica-Santos as "The Biggest Challenge in Portugal!!!" I've three indicators, which I'll assist in the enjoyable sport.
This is unattainable!
0-1, in the seventeenth minute: Brazilian counterattack, cross from Coutinho to Pepe; Jacinto is ahead and Santos' left winger takes benefit of the area behind him; Raul chases him, however in useless; Pepe crosses the flooring to the fringe of the penalty space, Pelé appears good, runs, and takes the first shot. Success!
0-2, at 27 minutes: Pelé does all the pieces by himself (did you learn Nelson?) – he challenges one, two, three opponents; in Costa Pereira's exit, he places the ball out of attain (sure, nicely, perhaps Nelson went on, however just a bit, little or no).
0-3, on 49 minutes: Pele once more; first he methods Cruz with a magic simulation, then it is Raul's flip; then flee to the proper hand, as in the event that they had been being chased by a band of robbers; he will get to the finish, crosses right down to the entrance of the objective the place Coutinho will get a straightforward objective.
0-4, at 64 minutes: Pelé, he and he alone, the proprietor of the Light, the proprietor of the World; one, two, three opponents / one, two, three like a bullfighter; at all times on the option to the objective, at all times shifting ahead; Hard nook, correct shot, Costa Pereira with out energy. Amazing!
0-5, on 77 minutes: cross from Pelé to Coutinho, rip, nice; Coutinho goes to the objective alone, Costa Pereira comes out, goes to maintain the ball however slips, throws, lets it escape in entrance of Pepe; Pepe scored a very simple objective.
And Benfica was not there? From time to time, in concern, undergo the reputation of the Brazilian individuals. There was_Eusebio, after all! Always Eusebius! Eusébio didn't hand over, he fought the storm from Santos with the pleasure of the character of the Evangelist. He insisted on pushing, pushing, pushing.
1-5, in the 86th minute: from far, distant, Eusébio shoots once more at Gilmar's objective; he had already performed half a dozen, he had already hit certainly one of the posts; this time the shot is spectacular in energy and placement. Great!
2-5, in the 89th minute: fast motion and assault of Benfica; Eusébio breaks free and passes easily to Santana; quick, first, Santana shoots, in an arc and intimately.
Nelson Rodrigues wrote these traces about Benfica-Santos in July 1971. Then he promised to make an anthology of Pelé's nice video games. And he concluded: "Obviously, the part of the newspaper is not going to be sufficient area for the Pelé anthology. I've to put in writing a thousand pages, at the least. And, when my area runs out, I'll repeat for a thousand occasions: – that Creole was the biggest participant who appeared in heaven and on earth the world".
Comments are prohibited.


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Apple says iPhone 7 starts at $649, same as iPhone 6
Published Wed, Sep 7 2016 3:00 PM EDT Updated Thu, Sep 8 2016 5:14 PM EDT
Christine Wang@christiiineeee
Apple reveals iPhone 7
Apple officially introduced the iPhone 7 and updated Apple Watch on Wednesday.
The company said it will begin taking pre-orders on Friday for both products, which will become available on Sept. 16.
The 32 GB iPhone 7 will retail for $649, the same starting price as the iPhone 6. Customers will have to shell out $769 for a 32 GB iPhone 7 Plus.
The tech giant also eliminated the headphone jack on the iPhone 7. The new devices will be shipped with AirPod headphones and a Lightning to 3.5-millimeter headphone jack adapter, which should help mitigate backlash over the new design feature.
The iPhone 7 may also have one of the most impressive phone cameras to hit the market yet. As expected, the iPhone 7 Plus will feature two rear cameras.
Apple said that a new software feature allows users to see a live preview with shallow depth of field. Photos taken on the iPhone 7 Plus will be able to achieve a very sharp foreground and blurry background.
Phil Schiller, Senior Vice President of Worldwide Marketing at Apple Inc, discusses the camera on the iPhone7 during an Apple media event in San Francisco, California, U.S. September 7, 2016.
Beck Diefenbach | Reuters
Apple also unveiled its own wireless headphones which the company claims are more power efficient than Bluetooth devices. AirPods, as they're called, have their own communications chip, Phil Schiller, Apple senior vice president, said on stage. The headphones will be available in late October for $159.
The company said the new Apple Watch is not only water-resistant up to 50 meters, but also up to 50 percent faster. Apple also said that the Series 2 will be available in ceramic, a new material.
The Cupertino, California-based company also announced that it is partnering with Nike to launch the Apple Watch Nike+. The new Apple-branded model will be available starting Sept. 16, but the Nike version will roll out in October.
Both the Series 2 and Nike+ models will start at $369.
Shortly after CEO Tim Cook took the stage, Apple revealed new iPhone features on Twitter, including new cameras, water resistance, stereo speakers and longer battery life. The tweets were promptly deleted.
Apple shares closed modestly higher Wednesday.
Nintendo's Shigeru Miyamoto announced that "Super Mario " is coming to the App Store. Niantic CEO John Hanke also said that viral success "Pokemon Go " is coming to the Apple Watch.
"'Pokemon Go' on Apple Watch will help you to be the very best," said Tetsuya Nomura, product manager of "Pokemon Go."
The event started with Cook talking about Apple Music after a video was shown of him doing carpool karaoke with James Corden, host of CBS' "The Late Late Show with James Corden."
Amazon appeared to have pre-empted the announcement by publishing a page for iPhone 7 accessories about an hour before the scheduled start of the event, Gizmodo reported. Photos on the page seemed to confirm rumored features of the phone, including a dual-lens rear camera.
Those following the event could even play Apple bingo as they watched, courtesy of one Irish analyst.
— CNBC's Anita Balakrishnan, Harriet Taylor and Ari Levy contributed to this report.


Www.rovinfest.com - Sawdust Festival Laguna Beach California. The Pageant period is on us and it's time to get your Hunter Wellingtons for another wild new music tour. You can discover journals filled with festival recommendations, nonetheless they can be quite impractical - all sandals and maxi attire. This is often apparel is fine should you be Kate Moss with the quite own shower and VIP place but when you are going to any Uk Festivals and you simply will not provide the luxurious of hired help, then rain combined with mud, are virtually a supplied.
As new music pageant time approaches be ready and prepare in advance. After you are selecting the one most important piece of your tenting kit, your tent, be certain that it's very well assumed out right before you choose on what you all want. I provide you with some foodstuff for assumed below. This is certainly connected to Sawdust Festival Laguna Beach California.
Summer months is listed here, meaning enough time has come to hear excellent audio at a few of the festivals all over the world. Right before you pack up for that working day and head out on the competition, have a second to learn some ideas so you're able to possess the most exciting possible. Learn the best way to have got a fantastic time devoid of any with the stresses that will come with an all-day or multi-day summer months music competition.
Related to Sawdust Festival Laguna Beach California, If you agree that nothing might be a lot better than being outside, making new friends, and earning some cash as your own boss then you are prepared to turn into holiday seller. Becoming a festival vendor does not have to be hard or difficult; it really depends on the festival you want to offer your merchandise at.
A community festival is a meeting that is more usually than not staged and organised by a nearby community to celebrate or highlight a more unique aspect of that self same community.


"Mike Hanna was great and a pleasure to have had as my hard money lender. I would easily use him again and highly recommend him to all. A newbie on my first deal with still lots of questions to be answered, Mike explained everything very openly and honestly. He was very courteous, patient, and understanding that this was my first deal and that I still needed to learn and ask questions. Thank you Mike for everything!"


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Comparison Shopping for Online Movie Rentals
By Ann J. MacDonald
Not only has technology improved the quality of films that are being made today but online comparison shopping for online movie rentals have streamlined the ease and fun of bringing the hottest movies and old-time classics into your own home. These virtual warehouses can be accessed 24/7, cost far less than taking the whole family to the local cinema, and even cover the postage coming and going. How do you know, though, which one will best satisfy a movie hound's hunger without taking a bite out of the wallet?
Comparison shopping for online movie rentals will help you make an informed choice about spending your movie dollars. Popcorn not included.
Three million subscribers can't be wrong. With its multi-tier rental plan, Netflix allows you to rent up to three DVD's at once and keep them for as long as you'd like. That's a welcome change from yesteryear when you were charged late fees if you didn't return a video within 3 days of checking it out.
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Buy Cheap DVD Movies Online
Under Netflix' lowest price plan of just $9.99 per month, customers can select one DVD at a time. As soon as the movie is returned, the subscriber is then allowed to pick another one. There is no limit on the number of times during the month that this one-for-one trade can be made. The next level offers two DVD rentals at a time for $11.95. This plan limits the customer to four transactions (eight DVD's) per month. and a $14.95 plan that allows you unlimited rental of movies, two at a time. The most expensive plan is $17.99 per month; this is the one that lets you pick a trio of flicks.
For each of these pricing plans, Netflix offers a two-week free trial period; after which time, the paid subscription goes into effect. Movie selections are delivered to most parts of the U.S. within one business day. Within each package, there is also a prepaid mailing envelope, so you don't even have to lick any stamps. Unlike book, music and video clubs, there are no "minimum purchase" obligations that need to be met during the subscription period. In fact, Netflix makes it easy to cancel online at any time.
The Netflix selection available is outstanding and updated regularly, coupled with a user-friendly search component to help you find a specific title or do a generic search based on film genre and subject matter. The works of foreign filmmakers and indies (independent producers) are included in the lineup as well. When you are doing your comparison shopping for online movie rentals, you will want to include Netflix as an option.
Cafe DVD
Cafe DVD offers two options for film rental. The first is what they call an ala carte program in which up to four DVD's can be checked out at one time. Because this program is not a subscription service, customers pay $3 per title as well as shipping costs. Ala carte also offers a $3.50 super saver option, which is predicated by prepaying for 20 movies rentals. You have up two years to use up your 20 movie rentals, and you must rent them two at a time. Movie lovers have eight days to watch the films they have checked out. Reward points can be collected and applied toward free rentals.
The subscription component of Café DVD is a flat fee that ranges from $14.95 for two movies at a time and up to $23.95 for the maximum check-out of four at a time. Shipping is included in this plan. Viewers have seven days to watch their selections; membership can be cancelled at any time.
Café DVD allows for searches by genre, title, director, cast and synopsis. It has also set up such categories as "Top Shakespeare Adaptations", "Best of Avant Garde," "Best Cinematography," and the annual American Film Institute "100 Best" movies in terms of comedy, romance, heroes and villains, etc. This particular facet of their website can be very useful for students who are planning to study about movies from a specific collection or genre.
Blockbuster Online
Like Netflix, Blockbuster Online offers a free two-week trial period, no late fees, free shipping, an extensive catalogue, and no pressure to hurry up and watch your selections. They also throw in two free rental coupons every month that can be used at your neighborhood Blockbuster store. Interestingly, these are not redeemable online, suggesting that they still want to keep live bodies walking in their doors now and then and giving the cashiers something to do. The rental fee for up to three movies at a time is a flat $14.99 per month plus taxes.
Online Comparison Shopping for Online Movie Rentals Summary
This is just a brief sampling of online DVD rental companies. Additional listings can be found by typing "Online DVD's" in your search engine. This will also provide you with the names of companies that operate in the United Kingdom, Europe, Australia and New Zealand.


Pope Francis' call for military action to against ISIS — if that is the only thing that can stop the barbarians — has prompted Quadrant contributor Hal G.P. Colebatch to take up the verse of G.K. Chesterton and recall another Pontiff.
The East is green. Really?


Revelation is not about the end of the world, but the end of a covenant era – the Old Covenant. Once it is understood in its historical and 'covenant' context, it is rescued from the obscurity of the 'fringe' of biblical studies and allowed to shine as one of the most insightful, enlightening and practical books of the Bible.
Can Christians Make a Difference?
Christians, Parties, People or Policies?
Why Should Christians Be Involved?


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Inglis Honored as SUNY Online Teaching Ambassador
Stuart D. Inglis, PhD, instructor of pathology and anatomical sciences, has been recognized as a 2023 SUNY Online Ambassador.
Family Medicine Doctors Handle Home Birth in Blizzard
In the midst of one of the worst blizzards in Buffalo's history, a group of physicians from the Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences played vital roles in a special Christmas Day delivery.
Omicron Caused Fewer Cases of MIS-C in Kids Than Delta
A new Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences study conducted at Oishei Children's Hospital is one of the first to reveal that there were fewer cases of multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) during the omicron wave of the pandemic than the delta wave.
Student-Run Research Day Highlights Graduate Students' Work
From the time she heard about the inaugural Graduate Student Research Day, Taylor Wicks was thrilled with the opportunity to showcase her work.
Gun Violence, Racism Topics of 'Beyond the Knife' Lecture
The night of July 7, 2016, changed Brian H. Williams' life forever. The Black, Harvard-trained trauma surgeon was on duty at Parkland Memorial Hospital in Dallas when a group of policemen at a peaceful demonstration about police killings were ambushed in a racially motivated mass shooting. They arrived at the Emergency Department with multiple gunshot wounds. Five of them died.
Read more about the people, places and events that have shaped our history from 1846-2021
"Working with research mentors is like having a coach on a sports team. Their job is to identify your potential and push you to the limits of your potential. "
Brandon Ginley, PhD '21
Computational cell biology, anatomy and pathology
"As a junior resident, you get a lot more hands-on training than you might get in other orthopaedics programs."
Jessica Block, MD
Orthopaedics '23
"Mentorship, opportunity and the ability to thrive is what makes UB a special place to complete your medical education."
Moudi Hubeishy, MD '19
"UB taught me to look past the educational setting and learn what I need to do to become a better professional and independent researcher."
Mohamed Sharif
Doctoral candidate in biochemistry


James Turpin joined ClientEarth in August 2018, with over 15 years experience in the security and intelligence industry. James has worked with NGOs around the globe managing the safety and well-being of personnel alongside security of data.
James coordinated a range of intelligence operations whilst serving in the US army and was responsible for ensuring thorough and updated risk assessments were in place.


If you've arrived at a destination you want to explore more, there's nothing easier than walking around. Swap heels for trainers or comfortable flats and discover the area on foot. Since you will be stopping to admire the sights or to have a coffee, you will probably walk more than you would think and won't even notice it. On our recent weekend in Edinburgh, we walked more than 20k one day and we honestly didn't even notice we walked that much until we checked the app. If you're in a larger city, some of them also offer the possibility to rent a city bike. It won't cost you more than a bus ticket and it's literally one of the easiest ways to get around.
Nothing feels better than going for a swim after you've read a book or relaxed in the sun. But swimming can be a great exercise as well. If you're on the beach, go swimming a few times a day for 15-20 minutes or use the hotel pool. According to the Daily Mail, just swimming for half an hour can burn up to 250 calories!
Running on the beach might be my favourite type of exercise in the summer. All you need is a pair of trainers, a sports bra, shorts and you're ready to go. And yet it is so different to running at home. For me, the beach and the sea make running a lot more exciting and fun so I can't recommend taking your running shoes with you enough.
It can be really tempting to use the lift but stairs are a great way to sneak in some cardio and earn that delicious dessert you want to have after lunch. Plus, lots of sightseeing attractions have stairs that are architecturally interesting and offer a great view of the city for example, which lets you kill two birds with one step.
Load up your tablet or laptop with workout videos or bring your favourite fitness magazines with you for inspiration. Try new body weight exercises since these are the perfect takeaway workout solution or find short workout videos on Youtube. If you need some inspiration, here's a list of our favourite fitness channels that you can check out while on holiday.
While vacationing, don't forget to enjoy it. You may not have as much time to work out or to do as much as you planned but that's ok. Remember that doing something is much better than doing nothing and short exercise creates a lasting change as well. Find ways to exercise that seamlessly fit into your days away because keeping fit on a vacation should feel like a treat, not a chore. So relax, recharge, rejuvenate, listen to your body and switch off!