text:
Airliner Hit By Suspected Drone On Way To Landing At London's Heathrow
A British Airways pilot told authorities that he believes his jet struck a drone as it approached for landing at Heathrow Airport on Sunday. The police are investigating.
British police are investigating what could be the first known case of a drone colliding with a passenger aircraft, after a pilot told authorities that he believed his jet hit a drone as it flew into Heathrow Airport from Geneva Sunday.
"The flight landed at Heathrow Terminal 5 safely," police say. But they add that "an object, believed to be a drone, had struck the front of the aircraft."
Metropolitan Police officers are looking into the incident, which has prompted statements from both the British Civil Aviation Authority and Heathrow Airport calling for drone operators to follow safety rules and avoid commercial aircraft.
"It is totally unacceptable to fly drones close to airports, and anyone flouting the rules can face severe penalties including imprisonment," the CAA says. The agency also says that it expects British Airways to share its report about the incident within 72 hours.
In its statement, Heathrow Airport called for the government to institute stronger regulation and enforcement.
The incident occurred around 12:50 p.m. local time Sunday — a day that was reportedly cloudy and marked by light rain in London.
While stressing that its plane landed safely, British Airways also said it is helping police with the investigation. The airline says that its engineers gave the plane a full examination and cleared it to fly without an interruption in service.
News of the apparent drone collision comes just days before the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration is to hold an industry symposium about integrating the growing number of unmanned aircraft into U.S. aviation rules and protocols.
The FAA recently instituted mandatory registration of Unmanned Aircraft Systems for anyone who owns a craft weighing between more than 0.55 pounds and less than 55 pounds. The drone's owner is required to be a U.S. citizen who's 13 years of age or older; the registration, good for three years, comes with a $5 fee.
In the six-month period from last August to January, the FAA received 583 reports of pilots spotting unmanned aircraft, according to the agency's latest release of data.
In the highly restricted airspace around Washington, D.C., it's illegal to fly a drone within a 15-mile radius of the city, according to the FAA's rules. A number of U.S. cities and states have enacted their own bans or restrictions on drones.
In addition to the commercial drone programs being developed by Google, Amazon and others, some 700,000 drones were reportedly sold in the U.S. in 2015; 1 million are expected to be sold this year.


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Joseph's Boy
by L R Hay
by Liana Gardner
by Thomas O'Brien
Planet G
by Jerry Underhill
In the Name of Peace
by Paul Sande
Man on the Throne
by Jordan Burgen
Curse of the Murderous Dummy
by Michael Ray Laemmle
How God Answered Us All
by Ruth Walker
Cousins, One and All
by Ronnda Eileen Henry and Aleksandra Layland
by Francis Williams
After Edgewater
by Daniel Largent
by Amanda M. Thrasher
Devil's Deal
by Jeff Altabef
Back in My Day
by Maggie Aldrich
Passage at Delphi: A Novel of Spartan Valor
Book One of the Apollo Series
By A. K. Patch
Passage at Delphi: A Novel of Spartan Valor by A. K. Patch takes us to ancient times via a modern events. When a terrorist attacks modern Greece, Apollo the god of the sun and prophecy foresees the collapse of the western world as we know...
Promised Valley Conspiracy
By Ron Fritsch
In "Promised Valley Conspiracy", the third in the innovative series, Ron Fritsch continues to chronicle the social and political turmoil of the unique prehistoric world he has created. Tensions remain high between the agrarian Valley People and the hunting-class Hill People, and whatever truces were...
By David McGowan (D.M. McGowan)
"Partners" by Dave McGowan transported me back to the year 1866. Unseen, I journeyed alongside Thomas Brash in his attempt to escape memories. He left behind his hundred acre farm, a teaching position, everything he once thought was important. After burying his wife and two...
Preying Indians
By Thomas Adams
Thomas Adams has thoroughly researched the history of English settlers vs. Native Americans in the early years of Southern New England in "Preying Indians". The author is clear in his history-based opinion that the problems that arose between the Native American indigents such as the...
Pirates Revenge
By Douglas Boren
It's the present day and Josh Alexander is going through his grandparents' musty attic looking for information on his ancestor, Rafe Alexander, the pirate. Rafe supposedly sailed with the famous female pirate, the Black Widow. Then Josh comes upon an old trunk and in it...
Princess of the Blood
A Tapestry of Love and War in 16th Century France
By Brigitte Goldstein
Brigitte Goldstein knows the history of France in those years of religious strife between Catholics and Huguenots in the late 1500s. She has woven an enchanting novel of France in that time period. It is 1588 and Sandrine, the local innkeeper's adopted daughter in the...
Promised Valley War
"Promised Valley War" transports readers back in time to a much earlier era. In this series we meet two prehistoric tribes at war for a beautiful fertile valley. Both tribes claimed the land as their own stating that their gods promised it to them. Previously...
Promised Valley Rebellion
What would you do if you were in love with your childhood sweetheart, but had always been told that marriage between you two was forbidden? That's just what happens in Promised Valley Rebellion by Ron Fritsch. Rose Leaf and Morning Sun wanted to get married,...
Pursuit of Mary McBride
By Bruce Cooke
The story begins in London, 1832. Rebecca was an orphan, taken in by a madam where she learns to be a prostitute. She was sent to Australia as a punishment of a crime she did not commit. She was forced to marry a cruel man. ...
Painter From Shanghai, The
By Jennifer Cody Epstein
The Painter From Shanghai is a fictional account of the life of Pan Yuliang. She was born Xiuqing in 1895, orphaned at five, and raised by an opium-addicted uncle. At fourteen, he sold her to a brothel, The Hall of Eternal Splendor, where her name...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Spatial Coverage is exactly "Ontario--Kingston"
Two Kingston scenes. The first is a street scene with trees, three cars, a pedestrian and a church. Captioned 'Sunday Morning'. The second is a public building taken through trees. Captioned 'The Courthouse'.


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Launch Potato believes in building teams who can solve complex problems using smart marketing, great engineering, data science, and fun! We're always looking for like-minded teammates and partners.


text:
La lutte continue
As we reported last month, action is shaping up against disinformation in the French election campaign.
As a first step on the way towards a more fact-based news environment for voters, First Draft News has announced the launch of CrossCheck. This collaborative verification project aims to help French voters make sense of what and whom to trust online. CrossCheck is a cooperation between First Draft News, Google News Lab and seventeen newsrooms in France, including AFP, Le Monde, Les Echos and Libération. It will use state-of-the-art software to spot trending content online and then check images, videos, memes and also comments, so that myths are swiftly debunked, and misleading or confusing stories accurately reported. Renowned fact-checkers Bellingcat will in addition track the spread of misinformation as part of a wider research relating to the European elections.
The CrossCheck project will go live on Monday 27 February, and anyone can become a part of it through sharing their own debunks on the upcoming CrossCheckers page. Follow CrossCheck on Twitter and like their page on Facebook to find out more!
See all News and analysis
For all media enquiries,
please contact the EEAS press team


text:
AN-Clubs
Coral and Alga - Better Together
AcademiaNet-Interview with Dr Annika Guse
8. 6. 2017 | A molecular biologist by training, Annika Guse first ventured into the area of marine biology in 2013. With her research on sea anemone Aiptasia, she has quickly made a name of herself in the field. We talked with her about corals, symbiosis and her fieldwork in Japan.
(© Dr Annika Guse)
Dr Annika Guse
AcademiaNet: Dr Guse, your laboratory focuses on symbiosis – the mutually beneficial association of two different species – of algae with corals and sea anemones. How would you describe your research?
Dr Guse: In principle we are interested in coral symbiosis. Corals are animals, and they live together in reefs in nutrient-poor areas of the ocean. To survive in these regions, they form a symbiosis. They live together with algae which can produce nutrients from sunlight. The algae live inside the coral cells, performs photosynthesis and gives off energy to its host. This is how these two organisms survive together.
Our lab is working with a sea anemone as model system for corals. There are several reasons why we do that. Corals are protected animals – you cannot simply pick them up from the ocean floor take them with you. Additionally, it is difficult to keep them in an aquarium, and it takes a long time until they are sexually mature. This is why we take the sea anemone as a kind of proxy. We decided to use Aiptasisa because it has the same algae symbionts as the corals.
Our sea anemones are growing very quickly – aquarium owners commonly consider them a pest. They reproduce asexually: from one animal, you can make a thousand genetically identical ones. We are working with "clonal lines" of Aiptasia, which are derived from 3 animals. The same lines are used in other labs around the world. This is how we can really analyse the importance of single genes on processes within these animals.
How could one imagine this asexual reproduction?
Every sea anemone has a kind of foot, a stem and tentacles. When they reproduce asexually, small cell masses start to form at their feet. Within a week, they develop into little, independent sea anemones – in a way like baby cactuses, that form on top of the mother plant.
What exactly does your research focus on?
We are particularly interested in how symbioses are established. Most corals produce offspring that is free of symbionts. They reproduce sexually – there are male and female corals, and together they produce larvae. The larvae have to take up their symbionts from the environment. For corals, this event only happens once a year, correlating with a full moon in spring. So only once a year you get a chance to study symbiont acquisition on the animals.
We can recapitulate the whole process in the lab with the sea anemone we are working with. We induce the sexual maturation and production of gametes with bluelight-LEDs. This way, we can produce offspring each week and use the larvae for our experiments. The larvae swim around and take up the symbionts. Both are very small, so we can put them under a microscope and watch the whole process.
With these larvae, we study fundamental features of symbiosis establishment. We are investigating several aspects of this process: How are the symbionts recognised? Which molecular mechanisms and key molecules are responsible for their take-up? Then we are also interested in the nutrient exchange and the cell-cell interaction of these very dissimilar cells. In principle, they are an animal and a plant cell, forming one entity.
So the algae are living within the coral or the anemone, but they are still foreign organisms. Why is the coral not recognising the intruders as a potential danger and have its immune system attack them?
That is a very interesting, and still open, question. Normally an animal cell would digest any intruders with the help of its immune system. But the symbiont is avoiding this somehow. There are several theories on how it may achieve that. Most people believe the mechanism must be similar to that of parasites. Many intracellular pathogens, including the Malaria parasite Plasmodium , have developed mechanisms to actively manipulate the host cell and prevent it from digesting them. It is possible that the symbiont does this in a very similar way. But it is also possible that it is recognised as something positive because it delivers nutrients to the host. What actually happens is something we would love to find out.
Part of your research is also done on corals themselves. Where do your test subjects come from?
Our anemones are kept under controlled conditions in incubators. In addition, we are doing some comparative research on corals. Once a year, we travel to Okinawa in Japan with a Japanese collaborator. We go there exactly then the corals are about to reproduce. In Japan, we go snorkling and we collect corals in the sea. Then, shortly before their expected spawning date, we put them in special tanks and wait for them to shed their gametes. Once they are ready for experiments, we collect the larvae. It takes several days for them to develop and reach this stage.
Our Japanese colleagues take the animals with them to Tokyo, but for us this is more difficult: corals need fresh sea water, which we can't easily procure in Heidelberg. In addition, the flight is very long and straining for the animals. Last time we tried to take samples home, we ran into problems: it probably got too cold in the plane, and the corals didn't like that. This is why we do important experiments while we are in Japan – which means we are on site for a relatively long period of time.
(© Annika Guse)
Snorkeling in a coral reef | A picture from the personal collection of Dr Guse.
Is the fieldwork a big challenge?
It is very laborious. Everyone thinks, "Oh, a holiday in the tropics!" … But actually it is exhausting. You end up working up to 16 hours a day, and your time and resources are always limited. Also, fieldwork is not everyone's kind of thing – which initially surprised me, because I love to do it.
But once you come back to the lab, you know why you usually work there. Most of the time, in the field, something goes wrong. You always have to be prepared that the experiments that you have planned for so long don't work as you anticipated: You may not have enough time, an important sample is lost or the corals don't spawn when they should. You've got be flexible, and have a plan B.
Which questions would you like to study next?
We want to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the acquisition of the symbionts. Moreover, we would like to improve our experimental model further, particularly in respect to live imaging. Currently, we are working hard on making the sea anemone genetically manipulable – and we have made some big advanced on that recently. We can already microinject, which means we can bring RNA or DNA into the embryo and then study specific genes.
We however have one problem left with our system: we cannot study the whole life cycle of our sea anemones. We can produce larvae every week, but we haven't managed for them to go into metamorphosis yet. The larvae swim around, but they don't settle to become the mature sea anemones. For this to happen, they rely on specific cues – we just don't know, what these signals are. Several labs have been working on finding them, but so far without success. This is one of the big topics in our area of research, and it is also one of the things, we would like to look into in the future.
What do you do to relax after a stressful day at work?
I go jogging more or less regularly. I enjoy cooking and meeting my friends. Asides, I am tending my aquarium and – whenever I get the chance – I snorkel or dive. My job actually almost feels like a hobby to me!
Michaela Maya-Mrschtik conducted the interview for AcademiaNet.
(© AcademiaNet)
Dr. Annika Guse
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Roles on the screen largely reinforce the message that scientists are white men.


The 2018 Audi S4 gets a new exterior colour, Satin Metal Grey Metallic. Additionally, hatchback fashions at the moment are available with the diesel engine. The 2018 Audi S4 received a 5-star general safety rating from the NHTSA (out of a doable 5 stars). In IIHS evaluations, the 2018 Audi S4 Price has only been examined in side and reasonable front overlap affect tests the place it acquired a Good rating (Good is the best potential score). It also obtained a Fundamental score on the IIHS' front crash prevention take a look at for having an obtainable forward collision warning system (Superior is the very best score for the entrance crash prevention take a look at).
That is the story of the new 2018 Audi S4, actually. It's packed with features and demonstrates a complicated mechanical prowess, but it surely's specific about things. It's medical and exact, in some ways to a fault, however balanced with apparent worth and options. Like the hit man, the 2018 Audi S4 isn't any nonsense up front, but there's an underlying heat and desire to please when you get to realize it.


text:
Cyber Security News, Analysis and Opinion for The Internet Of Things Wednesday, July 17, 2019
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About Security Ledger
Quantifiable Self
Hacks & Hackers
Researchers Hack Aircraft Landing System with $600 Radios
May 17, 2019 09:27 by Elizabeth Montalbano
Airplane radio navigation systems are vulnerable to manipulation using software defined radio, researchers have shown.
Researchers have proven that a $600 software defined radio can be used to hack into airliners' radio-navigation system, demonstrating a potentially dangerous flaw in the instrument-based systems that land planes ranging from private Cessna jets to large commercial airliners.
A team at Northeastern University used a commercially available software defined radio (SDR) to spoof radio signals from a plane's instrument landing systems (ILS) to interfere with landing a single-engine plane using a flight simulator.
The research is just the latest to demonstrate vulnerability in legacy navigation systems. In 2014, for example, researchers at Trend Micro were able to use software-defined radio based attacks to trigger a range of phony messages, from false SOS and "man in the water" distress beacons to fake CPA (or Closest Point of Approach) alert and collision warnings on the Automated Identification System (AIS) used by ocean vessels.
In the latest study, researchers–from Northeastern's Khoury College of Computer Sciences–demonstrated how they can spoof signals so that the plane's instrumentation believes it's off course when it's actually not, "causing last-minute go-around decisions, and even missing the landing zone in low-visibility scenarios," the team wrote in a paper, "Wireless Attacks on Aircraft Instrument Landing Systems," posted online.
Hackers Remotely Steer Tesla Model S Using Autopilot System
While in most cases, even the researchers acknowledge that their methods would not cause a fatal accident, the hack shows the vulnerability of the aviation industry's long-used instrumentation-based landing system to potential compromise by bad actors.
Legacy aviation systems are susceptible to manipulation by software defined radios, researchers have found.
Old technology, new hack
The ILS enables pilots to conduct an instrument approach to landing if they can't establish visual contact with the runway by providing precision lateral and vertical position guidance that's more accurate than what any GPS or other measurement system can provide.
The technology uses a combination of radio signals and also, in many cases, high-intensity lighting arrays to ensure pilots can land planes safely even in low visibility at night, in heavy fog or in other conditions that make it difficult for them to see the runway.
ILS was developed nearly a decade ago, so the technology–like many other legacy systems that exist today–was designed with no thought to hackers and other modern-day security threats, making them susceptible to manipulation by people clever enough to try.
"Security was never considered by design as historically the ability to transmit and receive wireless signals required considerable resources and knowledge," they wrote.
However, that's changed now with "the widespread availability of powerful and low-cost software-defined radio platforms," such as an SDR–a radio communication system in which traditional hardware components are implemented using software on a PC or embedded system. This makes "the majority of wireless systems employed in modern aviation … vulnerable to some form of cyber-physical attacks."
Attacks and conclusions
The team demonstrated this vulnerability by using a closed-loop ILS spoofer to launch two types of attacks on the auto-land feature of an FAA certified flight-simulator, X-Plane. They consulted with a pilot and a security researcher to ensure the validity of their work.
The first attack, called an over-shadow attack, transmitted pre-created ILS signals of higher strength signal to overpower legitimate signals. In the second attack, called a single-tone attack, the attacker transmits a single frequency tone signal at a specific signal strength lower than the legitimate signal strength to interfere with and control the deflections of the course deviation indicator needle.
SirenJack bug puts emergency alert sirens at risk for hacks
In both scenarios, the researchers made certain assumptions about the attackers, including that they have complete knowledge of the physical characteristics of ILS signals and can transmit these radio-frequency signals over the air.
Researchers posted a video on YouTube showing the results of their efforts, demonstrating how their attack scenarios precisely control the approach path of an aircraft without alerting the pilots, resulting in "offset touchdowns of 18 meters to over 50 meters," especially during low-visibility conditions, they wrote.
Failures and their avoidance
ILS failures are not an uncommon scenarios for pilots, who are well trained in how to handle them without the occurrence of a catastrophic event. Last year, pilots of an Air India Boeing 777-300 aircraft aborted a landing at JFK International Airport in New York after the plane's ILS made it difficult to land in low-visibility conditions. They eventually landed safely at nearby Newark Liberty International Airport.
In case such a hack as the researchers demonstrated should occur, they offer possible countermeasures and technologies that can prevent the signals from being spoofed and pilots from receiving erroneous information from their ILS.
Cryptography as used in typical security solutions is one option, researchers suggested. However, while cryptographically securing GPS signals can prevent spoofing attacks to an extent, attackers still could relay the GPS signals with appropriate timing delays and succeed in a GPS location or time spoofing attack, tbey said.
"An alternative is to implement a wide-area secure localization system based on distance bounding and secure proximity verification techniques," researchers suggested. They added that this would require bidirectional communication and warrant further investigation with respect to scalability, deployability, and other logistical concerns.
Tags: aviation, FAA, hackers, networking, white hat, wireless
Author: Elizabeth MontalbanoElizabeth Montalbano is a freelance writer based in Aljezur, Portugal. A seasoned technology reporter, Elizabeth's work has appeared on CNNMoney, Design News, Business Insider, ComputerWorld, The Register, InformationWeek and other publications. In her free time she enjoys surfing, traveling, music, yoga, and cooking.
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text:
Home > Kansas
Top Scott County Public High Schools
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For the 2021 school year, there is 1 public high school in Scott County, KS, serving 259 students. Scott County, KS public high school have an average math proficiency score of 12% (versus the Kansas public high school average of 25%), and reading proficiency score of 22% (versus the 30% statewide average). High schools in Scott County have an average ranking of 3/10, which is in the bottom 50% of Kansas public high schools.
The top ranked public high school in Scott County, KS is Scott City High School. Overall testing rank is based on a school's combined math and reading proficiency test score ranking.
Scott County, KS public high school have a Graduation Rate of 92%, which is more than the Kansas average of 86%.
The school with highest graduation rate is Scott City High School, with 90-94% graduation rate. Read more about public school graduation rate statistics in Kansas or national school graduation rate statistics.
Minority enrollment is 34% of the student body (majority Hispanic), which is more than the Kansas public high school average of 33% (majority Hispanic).
The student:teacher ratio of 10:1 is less than the Kansas public high school average of 14:1.
Top Scott County Public High Schools (2021)
School (Math and Reading Proficiency) Location Grades Students
Scott City High School Math: 10-14% | Reading: 20-24%
Bottom 50%
Scott City, KS 67871
[+] Show Closed Public Schools in Scott County, KS
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Scott County Public Schools (Closed)
School Location Grades Students
Shallow Water Elementary School (Closed 2004)180 Barclay Avenue
Shallow Water, KS 67872
(620) 872-7680Grades: K-6 | 118 students
A Relevant History of Public Education in the United States
Uniforms: The Pros and Cons
10 Major Challenges Facing Public Schools
Public School Jobs


text:
Haseki Sultan, era el títol que portava la consort del sultà otomà, tenint diversos significats al llarg del temps. Durant els inicis del seu ús, Haseki Sultan, va significar "La Consort Principal" o la "Única Preferida" del Sultà. Més tard, el seu significat va esdevenir en quelcom més general, significant "Consort Imperial". Hürrem Sultan, com a consort principal de Suleiman el Magnífic, va ser la primera dona en obtenir aquesta posició.

El títol de Haseki Sultan va ser utilitzat fins al segle XVII. Després, Kadin es va convertir en el rang més alt que podien obtenir les consorts imperials, emprat conjuntament amb el títol Efendi.

Terme
La paraula Haseki prové del àrab i significa "per atribuir quelcom exclusivament a". Per tant, una Haseki és una dona que pertany exclusivament al Sultà.

La manera formal de dirigir-se a una Haseki Sultan eraː "Devletu Ismetlu (nom) Haseki Sultan Aliyyetu's-San Hazretleri". Molts occidentals han traduït el seu títol oficial, Sultan, a un títol que no existeix oficialment a la reialesa otomanaː Sultana. Possiblement per diferenciar-les del governant otomà o altre membre masculí de la dinastia otonama.

Ús en la reialesa otomana
Quan la posició de Valide Sultan quedava vacant, la Haseki Sultan ocupava el rol de la Valide Sultan i els seus beneficis, com tenir accés a considerables recursos econòmics, esdevenir la cap de l'harem, aconsellar al sultà en temes polítics... Això va succeir durant els períodes de Hürrem Sultan i Kösem Sultan.

Hürrem Sultan, la primera consort imperial que va esdevenir Haseki Sultan, va rebre diversos drets especials durant la seva vida a l'harem, especialment després de morir la mare de Suleyman i la primera Valide Sultan, Hafsa Sultan, a l'any 1534. A Hürrem se li va permetre tenir més d'un fill, cosa que era una seria violació del vell principi de l'harem imperial, "una mare concubina - un fill", el qual estava dissenyat per impedir tant la influència de la mare sobre el sultà, com els enfrontaments entre els germans pel tron. Entre els anys 1533 i 1534, Suleyman es va casar amb Hürrem en una magnífica cerimònia oficial, fet que el va fer esdevenir el primer sultà en casar-se des de Orhan Ghazi, violant una costum de 200 anys de la casa imperial otomana, segons la qual els sultans no es podien casar amb les seves concubines. Més tard, Hürrem seria la primera mare d'un príncep en romandre a la cort del sultà durant la resta de la seva vida. A la tradició de la familia imperial otomana, una consort del sultà només es podía quedar a l'harem fins que el seu fill complís els 17 anys, sent aquest enviat fora de la capital per governar una província llunyana, i la seva mare l'hauria de seguir. Ella no només va esdevenir en companya de Suleyman a casa seva, sino també en assumptes estatals. Gràcies a la seva intel·ligència, va actuar com a assessora en cap de Suleyman en política. El gran poder que posseïa Hürrem va significar el seu ascens de consort imperial en cap sota el títol de Haseki Sultan.

Hürrem va obtenir tant de poder que se li deia "Bruixa" o "Sultana de Sultanes", ja que va ser la dona més poderosa de l'Imperi Otomà, fins l'arribada de la Sultana Kösem 90 anys després.

El títol de Haseki no va ser utilitzat durant el regnat de Mehmed III, fill de Murad III. L'absència d'una Haseki i la restauració del concubinat possiblement es va veure influïda per dues raonsː l'experiència de Mehmed com a príncep i la forta personalitat de la seva mare Safiye.

El títol de Haseki es va tornar a utilitzar durant el regnat d'Ahmed I, fill de Mehmed. Va escollir com a Haseki a la seva consort, Kösem. La carrera de Kösem va ser molt semblant a la de Hürrem en quant a importància i respecte. Igual que Hürrem, Kösem es acusada d'actuar per preservar el seu propi poder preferentment que el del Sultà o de la dinastia. Les dues dones van tenir dues coses en comúː l'absència d'una Valide Sultan durant la majoria de la seva carrera com Haseki i un gran número de fills. El que els va fer guanyar la seva desagradable reputació va ser el seu poder d'influir en el destí de l'imperi afavorint a un dels seus fills per sobre de qualsevol altre.

La contribució més gran de Kösem durant el seu període com Haseki Sultan van ser les significatives contribucions en el patró de successió al tron, passant de ser un sistema de primogenitura a un basat en l'agnació. Segons l'ambaixador venecià, Kösem va "presionar per poder donar a Mustafà el destí del fratricidi amb l'objectiu de salvar al seu propi fill del mateix destí". Aquest nou sistema va significar que els potencials governants van haver d'esperar un llarg temps abans d'ascendir al tron, per això l'ancianitat dels sultans en el moment de la seva ascensió al tron, va fer que els prínceps perdessin la seva possibilitat d'esdevenir governants d'una de les províncies otomanes com a part de la seva formació per esdevenir hereus dignes del tron.

Declivi de les Haseki
El resultat de tots aquests canvis va ser que la posició de la Haseki va perdre la seva lògica tradicional. La funció política d'una mare tradicionalment començava per la creació d'una casa separada pel seu fill. Sota l'agnació, els prínceps van perdre l'accés a les seves funcions públiques, així com les seves mares. La posició de la Haseki com a autèntica favorita del sultà era incompatible amb aquesta pràctica.

Kösem va ser la última de les influents Haseki otomanes. L'altra explicació pel declivi de les Haseki i la reaparició de la Valide Sultan a les primeres dècades del segle XVII va tenir molt a veure amb la personalitat de Kösem i el fet que, a l'any 1617, deixés de ser Haseki i si ella volgués recuperar el seu poder hauria de ser des de la posició de Valide Sultan.

Després de la mort d'Ahmed I, a l'any 1617, la posició de Haseki va perdre el seu estatus especial. Osman II va tenir una consort amb el rang de Haseki, pero tot el que es sap sobre ella es que el seu nom era Ayse. Al igual que Osman, molt poc es sap sobre les concubines del seu germà Murad IV. Els registres secrets del tresor documenten la presència d'una sola Haseki, Ayse, fins al final del regnat de 17 anys de Murad, quan apareix la seva segona Haseki. És possible que Murad hagi tingut només una concubina fins l'arribada de la segona, o que hagi tingut un número indeterminat de concubines però que va triar una especial com a Haseki. Ibrahim I va tenir 8 Haseki, de les quals, amb les tres primeres -Turhan Hatice Sultan, Saliha Dilasub i Hatice Muazzez-, va tenir un fill de cadascuna.

Referències

Concubines
Paraules i frases en turc
Reines
Títols nobiliaris

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Harrison Radiator Corporation was an early manufacturer of automotive radiators and heat exchangers for crewed spacecraft and guided missiles, as well as various cooling equipment for automotive, marine, industrial, nuclear, and aerospace applications, (particularly for space suits of the first two U.S. human space flights) that became a division of General Motors in 1918. Today its business is a part of General Motors' Automotive Components Group, and is based in Lockport, Niagara County, New York.

History
The company was known in 1910, as the Harrison Radiator Company,  by Herbert C. Harrison, an inventor and entrepreneur. Harrison's technical background in metallurgy and the "Harrison Hexagon" honeycomb radiator had advantages in design (hexagon cellular efficient heat distribution) and manufacturing so that leakages became rare.  The first hand-built radiator was sold in 1911 to the Remington Standard Motor Company of New York.

In 1916 the company was sold to William C. Durant, the owner of the United Motors Company.  The Wall Street Journal commented:
"The company has large contracts with the Mitchell, Hupp, and Chandler, among other motor companies, and the increased facilities will enable it to accept contracts with the Olds, the Oakland, and the Chevrolet motor companies.

Durant, also the founder of General Motors, created United Motors to begin vertical integration of the automobile industry. United Motors was run by Alfred P. Sloan.  Durant lost control of General Motors in 1910 and established Chevrolet as his principal manufacturing company.  He regained control of General Motors in 1916 through a merger with Chevrolet, and in 1918 he sold United Motors to General Motors.

Other divisions of United Motors included the Hyatt Roller Bearing Company (roller bearings), New Departure Manufacturing Company (ball bearings), Remy Electric Company (electrical starting, lighting, and ignition equipment), Dayton Engineering Laboratories Company, later known as Delco Electronics Corporation (electrical equipment), the Perlman Rim Corporation and Klaxon Horn.

Herbert Harrison remained President of Harrison Radiator until his death in 1927.

By 1929, the company was manufacturing 2.3 million radiators annually. It later became the division of GM responsible for manufacturing air conditioning units as well as radiators.  In 1995, General Motors formed a subsidiary for its components' divisions, called Delphi Automotive Systems (later Delphi Corporation) and the Harrison Radiator business was renamed Delphi Harrison Thermal Systems.  Delphi was spun off as an independent company in 1999. Delphi filed for bankruptcy in 2005 and emerged in 2009.  The Harrison business and the Lockport manufacturing plant were repurchased by General Motors as part of its GM Components Holdings subsidiary in October 2009.

See also

 Rochester Products Division

References

Auto parts suppliers of the United States
General Motors factories
Manufacturing companies based in New York (state)
Niagara County, New York
Manufacturing companies established in 1918
1918 establishments in New York (state)


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Reading, UK — 25 September 2018: FISCAL Technologies, a world leading provider of forensic financial solutions and services, today announced it has extended its commercial partnership with digital document capture and processing technology vendor ITESOFT, to transform risk management and process efficiencies in the finance function. With risk management and fraud prevention and detection something that organisations simply cannot afford to ignore, the two companies will pool their expertise to provide streamlined forensic accounting and digitalisation solutions, that maximise the efficiency of the accounts payable and finance process.
ITESOFT is a market leading software vendor specialising in the digitalisation and automation of financial processes.
Their SCPA (Secure Capture and Process Automation) platform supports their clients in the digital transformation of back office functions by leveraging the latest in RPA, AI, Analytics and ICR.
SCPA is developed on three main pillars: omni-channel capture, process automation and fraud detection. Combined, these pillars offer a unique competitive solution.


We could not resist mentioning the bravery of little Pip who is a 4 year old Maltese. Pip underwent a big surgery on both his knees. He was such a brave little man and was trying to walk very slowly just 24 hours after his operation. He was the perfect patient and loved nothing more than to get lots of yummy food from the nurses!


How old do you feel? We'll let you in on a little secret – although you can't control your actual age, you can decide how old you are in spirit. So keep scrolling to learn ways to stay young at heart, and let your inner child shine.


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RealEstateRama - Real Estate - Government - Nonprofit - Web
Notice of Appointments by Governor Dayton
- Montana RealEstateRama -
Governor Mark Dayton announced the following appointments to the Clean Water Council, the ClearWay Minnesota Board of Directors, and the Board of Peace Officer Standards and Training.
TESTER OPPOSES BILL THAT DESTROYS THE LAND AND WATER CONSERVATION FUND
Senator Jon Tester today issued the following statement of opposition in response to Congressman Rob Bishop's bill to overhaul the Land and Water Conservation Fund (LWCF)
GOVERNOR BULLOCK ANNOUNCES GRANTS TO SUPPORT FILM PRODUCTION IN MONTANA
Governor Steve Bullock and Montana Department of Commerce Director Meg O'Leary today announced the award of $281,519 in Big Sky Film grants to support the production of 21 new film and multimedia projects taking place in Montana.
Governor Bullock Urges Montana's Federal Delegation to Support the Swift Reauthorization of the Land...
- HUD -
Governor Steve Bullock today released a letter to Congressman Ryan Zinke, Senator Jon Tester, and Senator Steve Daines urging them to support the reauthorization of the Land and Water Conservation Fund (LWCF) which is set to expire in September of this year. The LWCF uses royalties from the depletion of offshore oil and gas to create and protect natural areas and water resources across the nation. Bullock encouraged Montana's federal delegation to join the large bipartisan support behind S. 338 which would permanently reauthorize the LWCF
LWCF LETTER TO MONTANA'S FEDERAL DELEGATION
As you know, the LWCF was created by Congress in 1965 as a bipartisan commitment to safeguard natural areas, water resources, wildlife, and our cultural heritage, and to provide outdoor recreational opportunities. Now, in 2015, the program is set to expire unless Congress takes action. Congress must act quickly to reauthorize the program, at funding levels that meet or exceed the currently-authorized levels.
Trails West Real Estate and West Venture Real Estate Merge and Rename to PureWest...
Leading brokerage and premier real estate office Trails West Real Estate announces its merger with leading brokerage West Venture Real Estate and PureWest Christie's Real Estate, located in Bozeman, MT.
Montana and 12 Other States Challenge New EPA & Corps of Engineers Regulation
Montana Attorney General Tim Fox and 12 other states filed a lawsuit against the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) over the new regulation broadly expanding the definition of "Waters of the U.S." under the Clean Water Act. The case was filed in the U.S. district court for the District of North Dakota
TESTER, FRANKEN FIGHT TO INVEST IN INFRASTRUCTURE, INCREASE PUBLIC SAFETY IN INDIAN COUNTRY
In a letter to the Senate Environmental and Public Works Committee Chairman Senator Jim Inhofe (R-Okla.) and Ranking Member Barbara Boxer (D-Calif.), Tester and Franken urged the committee to provide additional infrastructure resources to Indian Country as they continue work on the Highway Bill.
Kennedy Funding Financial Closes $1.41 Million Loan Secured by Mixed-use Property in Montana
Kennedy Funding Financial LLC has closed a $1.41 million loan to American Land Development-Sidney, LLC, owner of a 22.59-acre development site along E. Holly Street in Sidney, Montana, announced Kevin Wolfer, CEO of the Englewood Cliffs, NJ-based direct private lender. The three-year interest-only loan will be serviced by Kennedy Funding Financial
TESTER FIGHTS TO EXPAND PUBLIC ACCESS TO PUBLIC LANDS
Tester offered an amendment to the Interior Appropriations bill that would provide $400 million for the Land and Water Conservation Fund (LWCF), which supports conservation easements, land acquisition, and state and local efforts to increase public access for outdoor recreation.
TESTER ANNOUNCES $3 MILLION FOR MONTANA COMMUNITY SERVICE ORGANIZATIONS
Senator Jon Tester today announced that the Corporation for National and Community Service will grant Montana $3 million to support four nonprofits across the state. The AmeriCorps grants will support Montana Conservation Corps in Bozeman, Justice for Montanans and Montana State Park AmeriCorps in Helena, and FoodCorps Montana in Butte
Montana CDC Receives $65 Million Allocation to Fund Start Ups and Expansions
With the award, Montana CDC will continue to fund business start-ups and expansions in Montana and Idaho that create jobs and significant community impact. This is the sixth award Montana CDC has received since 2008, and it brings their cumulative total to $341 million.
A Bozeman Mainstay Will Breathe New Life into North 7th St.
Universal is a Bozeman success story. Started in the back of a car by Larry Aasheim and Dick Hart in 1971, the partners wanted to provide high quality, specialty sporting goods for Montana's young athletes. Today, Universal has 13 locations in five states. The three Bozeman locations are at capacity, and the new, consolidated facility on 7th will allow the business to continue to grow
TESTER ANNOUNCES $6.8 MILLION DOLLAR AWARD TO EXPAND BROADBAND IN NORTHWEST MONTANA
Senator Jon Tester today announced that Frontier Communications will receive a $6.8 million award to expand broadband access to as many as 2,300 homes and businesses in northwest Montana.
TESTER'S PUBLIC LANDS RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT ACT GETS SENATE HEARING
Tester's bill streamlines the permitting process for wind, solar and geothermal development on public lands and also ensures that funds generated by energy development benefit various conservation efforts. The legislation also establishes a revenue sharing system that aids local communities that are home to these energy projects and helps mitigate the impact that construction could have on land, water, and wildlife.
How Montana is Working to Break Down Barriers to Fair Housing
There's no better place to live, work, and play than Montana. Building a successful life here starts with having an affordable and accessible place to call home. Still, for many Montanans finding a stable home can come with barriers. We know families are encountering rising housing costs, a low supply of affordable apartments, and housing choice barriers. Every day our teams here at the Montana Department of Commerce are working to break down these barriers and make access to safe housing affordable and accessible
Justice Department Announces Fair Housing Settlement with Montana Developers
TESTER DELIVERS FOR MONTANA VETERANS
GOVERNOR BULLOCK ANNOUNCES MONTANA LEADS THE NATION IN HOUSEHOLD INCOME GROWTH...
HUD Awards Grants to Housing Authorities in Missoula, Montana to Help...
Montana Surpasses Home Energy Efficiency Goal and Helps More than 6,800...
Governor Bullock and Director O'Leary Announce Over $1 Million in Economic...
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Ryota Oiwa, Kyoto JP
Patent application number
20110169853 IMAGE PROCESSING PROGRAM, IMAGE PROCESSING APPARATUS, IMAGE PROCESSING METHOD AND IMAGE PROCESSING SYSTEM - A CPU of an image processing apparatus detects an outline from an original image, selects from the positions in association with the detected outline a position to be drawn at a ratio in correspondence with a predetermined ratio, for example, the number of positions, and draws an object at the selected position. 07-14-2011
20120086650 COMPUTER-READABLE STORAGE MEDIUM HAVING STORED THEREON DISPLAY CONTROL PROGRAM, DISPLAY CONTROL SYSTEM, DISPLAY CONTROL APPARATUS, AND DISPLAY CONTROL METHOD - First movement control means moves, relative to a display area of a display device, a plurality of selection objects having at least one part thereof displayed on the display area, based on an output signal outputted from an input device. Among the plurality of selection objects, when an end-located selection object reaches a predetermined position on the display area as a result of the first movement control means moving the plurality of selection objects, second movement control means moves, relative to the display area, at least one selection object displayed on the display area among the plurality of selection objects, in a direction different from a direction in which the plurality of selection objects have been moved by the first movement control means. 04-12-2012
20120120094 COMPUTER-READABLE STORAGE MEDIUM HAVING STORED THEREIN RECEPTION STATUS DISPLAY PROGRAM, INFORMATION PROCESSING APPARATUS, INFORMATION PROCESSING SYSTEM, AND RECEPTION STATUS DISPLAY METHOD - An exemplary reception status display apparatus receives a series of data transmitted thereto, and displays, in a stepwise manner, a corresponding image, which is an image corresponding to the series of data, in a predetermined region in a screen, in accordance with a progression of reception of the series of data. Furthermore, during the reception of the series of data, the exemplary reception status display apparatus continuously generates, outside the predetermined region, movement objects each having a color selected from component colors of the corresponding image and moves each movement object toward the predetermined region. 05-17-2012
20130321451 INFORMATION PROCESSING SYSTEM, COMPUTER READABLE MEDIUM, INFORMATION PROCESSING DEVICE, AND DISPLAY METHOD - An example information processing device includes: a first display controller that displays a plurality of first objects each corresponding to a content included in a plurality of contents; and a second display controller that displays a plurality of second objects each corresponding to a user associated with at least one content included in the plurality of contents, the user being included in a plurality of users which includes at least one registered user, wherein: a second object of a user is displayed in association with a first object corresponding to a content associated with the user; and a second object of the registered user is distinguishable from an appearance of a second object of an unregistered user. 12-05-2013
20130324234 INFORMATION PROCESSING SYSTEM, STORING MEDIUM, INFORMATION PROCESSING DEVICE, AND RECOMMENDATION METHOD - An example information processing device includes: a selection unit that selects at least one content from a plurality of contents using user information sets of a plurality of users constituting a predetermined group, each user information set describing a user; and an execution unit that executes a process to notify at least one of the plurality of users included in the group of the content selected by the selection unit. 12-05-2013
20130326370 INFORMATION PROCESSING SYSTEM, STORING MEDIUM, INFORMATION PROCESSING DEVICE, AND DISPLAY METHOD - An example system includes: a first memory in which a plurality of first objects each corresponding to a content is stored; a posting management unit that generates information based on an input by a user and posts the generated information; a second memory in which the information posted by the posting management unit is stored such that a content for which the information is posted is identifiable; a first display controller that displays at least one or more first objects each corresponding to a content selected from the plurality of contents; and a second display controller that displays information adjacent to a first object corresponding to the content for which the information is posted. 12-05-2013
20130326382 INFORMATION PROCESSING SYSTEM, STORING MEDIUM, INFORMATION PROCESSING DEVICE, AND DISPLAY METHOD - An example system includes: a first memory in which a plurality of first objects each corresponding to a content included in a plurality of contents is stored; a second memory in which a plurality of second objects each corresponding to a user is stored; an association unit that associates a content with a second object; a first display controller that displays one or more first objects each corresponding to a content selected from the plurality of contents; and a second display controller that displays a second object adjacent to a first object corresponding to a content associated with the second object. 12-05-2013
20130326409 INFORMATION PROCESSING SYSTEM, STORING MEDIUM, INFORMATION PROCESSING DEVICE, AND DISPLAY METHOD - An example information processing device includes: a first determination unit that determines a first group of contents including at least one of first contents usable by the information processing device without restriction; a second determination unit that determines a second group of contents including at least one of the first contents and at least one of second contents usable by the information processing device with a restriction; and a display controller that displays a first object corresponding to the first group of contents determined by the first determination unit and a second object corresponding to the second group of contents determined by the second determination unit. 12-05-2013
20130326410 INFORMATION PROCESSING SYSTEM, STORING MEDIUM, INFORMATION PROCESSING DEVICE, AND DISPLAY METHOD - An example information processing device includes: a selection unit that selects a predetermined number of contents including at least one of first contents available at an information processing device and at least one of second contents usable with restriction; a display controller that displays objects each corresponding to a content included in the selected at least one of first contents and the selected at least one of second contents; and an execution unit that executes a processing corresponding to an object included in the displayed objects in response to designation of the object by a user. 12-05-2013
20140111551 INFORMATION-PROCESSING DEVICE, STORAGE MEDIUM, INFORMATION-PROCESSING METHOD, AND INFORMATION-PROCESSING SYSTEM - An information-processing device includes: an enlargement/reduction instruction receiving unit configured to receive an enlargement/reduction instruction to enlarge or reduce a display region that is at least a portion of a predetermined region; a first control unit configured to, when enlarging or reducing the display region in accordance with the enlargement/reduction instruction, compute, based on a relationship between a position of a point of regard of the display region within the predetermined region and a position of a reference point of the predetermined region, a position where the point of regard is to be located within the predetermined region after the enlargement or reduction; and a second control unit configured to enlarge or reduce the display region, based on the enlargement/reduction instruction. 04-24-2014
20140115532 INFORMATION-PROCESSING DEVICE, STORAGE MEDIUM, INFORMATION-PROCESSING METHOD, AND INFORMATION-PROCESSING SYSTEM - An exemplary information-processing device includes: an operation receiving unit that receives an operational input made by a user for moving a display area that has area that overlaps with a predetermined area; a display controlling unit that controls a display unit to display a graphic in the display area; a determining unit that determines a velocity of movement of the display area in accordance with a value derived from the operational input, and; an area managing unit that manages the display area to move the display area at the velocity of movement under a condition that, when a portion of the display area moves outside a predetermined portion of the predetermined area, a distance between the display area and the predetermined area does not exceed a threshold. 04-24-2014
20140330912 INFORMATION SHARING SYSTEM, SERVER DEVICE, DISPLAY SYSTEM, STORAGE MEDIUM, AND INFORMATION SHARING METHOD - An example of an information sharing system includes at least one processor configured to: accept posting information on a content posted by each of a plurality of users; display the accepted posting information on a first screen; and display, on a second screen, the posting information, which is to be displayed on the first screen and which is posted by one of the plurality of users whose status satisfies a condition on usage of the content. 11-06-2014
20140349749 INFORMATION PROCESSING SYSTEM, INFORMATION PROCESSING DEVICE, STORING MEDIUM, AND DISPLAY METHOD - An example information processing system includes a display controller configured to display a screen that includes a plurality of subjects and at least one content generated by a user, the at least one content satisfying a predetermined timing condition for each subject in a display, at least one content for a subject being included in a plurality of contents posted with regard to the subject. 11-27-2014
20140379802 INFORMATION-PROCESSING SYSTEM, INFORMATION-PROCESSING DEVICE, STORAGE MEDIUM, AND INFORMATION-PROCESSING METHOD - An example information-processing system includes: at least one processor configured to: display posting information relevant to an application on a display, which information is shared by plural users; and execute, in response to a predetermined input operation performed by a user while the posting information is displayed on the display, the application based on additional information indicative of an execution condition of the application. 12-25-2014
Patent applications by Ryota Oiwa, Kyoto JP


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Background Improved characterization of infectious disease dynamics is necessary. desirable features,
Background Improved characterization of infectious disease dynamics is necessary. desirable features, such as a single line of observations, displayed a continuous, circular data structure, whose abrupt inflections facilitated partitioning into subsets statistically significantly different from one another. In all studies, the 3D, SB/EB approach distinguished three (stable, positive, and bad) opinions phases, in which DC data characterized the stable state phase, and D+ data were found in the positive and negative phases. In humans, spatial patterns exposed false-negative observations and three malaria-positive data classes. In both humans and bovines, methicillin-resistant (MRSA) infections were discriminated from non-MRSA infections. Conclusions More information can be extracted, from your same data, provided that data are organized, their 3D human relationships are considered, and well-conserved (feedback-like) functions are estimated. Patterns emerging from such buildings might distinguish well-conserved from developed host-microbial connections recently. Applications include medical diagnosis, error recognition, and modeling. Launch The speed of undetected attacks continues to be elevated and could end up being increasing [1]C[3] markedly. Pathogens that develop level of resistance to antimicrobials create new challenges, such as for example methicillin- or multidrug-resistant (MRSA) attacks which, in america, cause more fatalities than tuberculosis, Helps, and viral hepatitis mixed [4]. Macro-parasite-mediated diseases are connected with high degrees of drug resistance [5] also. To improve the recognition of infectious disease-related data patterns, brand-new approaches are needed. To that final end, systems biology (SB) and evolutionary biology (EB) could be considered. To decrease data variability, EB targets natural features well conserved in progression [6]C[12]. Nevertheless, in infectious illnesses, EB hasn't yet provided useful strategies [6]. Unlike reductionist strategies, which just look at a static and few factors, SB targets systems and their dynamics Ca feature that may remove more information in the same data [13]C[18]. Nevertheless, before SB/EB principles are explored inside the Rabbit Polyclonal to ANXA10 framework of infectious illnesses, we have to remind ourselves that people reside in a three-dimensional (3D) environment [19]. Yet, the info we face are level generally, such as for example anything reported on the display screen or web page. Such forms are bi-dimensional: they absence the third aspect (depth). Bi-dimensional (2D) data forms are poor (if not really also, SB 216763 biased) explanations of three- (four- and/or multi-) dimensional data buildings. Just 3D plots (amounts) can exhibit all the combos (factors, lines, or areas) natural data can generate [20]. Furthermore, spinning 3D plots could inform whether perspective SB 216763 (the position under that your data are evaluated) influences design detection [21]. Regardless of such opportunities, 3D data analysis appears to be under-utilized in the specific section of infectious diseases. In of 2012 October, a search executed in the net of Research? yielded >18,000 hits when three-dimensional and data analysis were queried, but less than 100 hits were retrieved when illness was added. While opinions is definitely a function of interest in both SB and EB and it has been known for at least half a century in medicine and two millennia in physics [22]C[25], opinions offers only marginally been explored in infections. In October of 2012, more than 200,000 bibliographic hits could be retrieved under opinions and 1700 hits were yielded when opinions and definition were searched for, but less than 50 hits were found when illness was added. Even though the precursor of opinions (homeostasis) was first proposed in 1932 [26] and, in 1956, the term negative opinions was first published in biology [27], only after the concept was launched in engineering, opinions was fully used in biology. After the SB 216763 emergence of system dynamics, nonlinear methods have been applied to study opinions phases [28]. In its simplest version, can be defined as the ability of a operational system to adjust its result in response to monitoring itself [29]. An expanded description, which defines as powerful any circumstance where some volume lowers or boosts as time passes [30], [31], regards reviews as an activity that.


By 1990 this was the only working mill left in this part of Norway. Then in 1991, after over 130 years of continuous operation, the mill ground its last load of grain and fell silent – no longer able to compete with more modern facilities.After a painstaking restoration, Mølla opened as a hotel to welcome guests for the 1994 Winter Olympics. Since then, Mølla has gained fame around the world and was crowned by the Swiss magazine Bolero as "one of the world's most unusual hotels"


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Myanmar parliament to debate controversial proposed religion laws
December 2, 2014 | Finance, Politics
December 2, 2014 – Myanmar's president has approved a set of controversial draft religious laws inspired by radical monks and sent them to parliament, officials said, prompting rights groups to voice alarm over the divisive nature of the proposals.
The draft legislation – including curbs on interfaith marriage, religious conversion and birth rates – will be debated by MPs and voted on in the coming parliamentary session, according to president's office director Zaw Htay.
"The president had to draft the bills, but it is (parliament's) responsibility to enact them," he said.
There are fears that religion could becoming increasingly politicised as the former junta-run nation heads towards crunch 2015 elections.
The drafts were initially proposed by a group of nationalist monks known as "Mabatha", or the Committee for the Protection of Nationality and Religion, who have been accused of fanning intolerance in Myanmar after several outbreaks of violence against Muslims.
Opponents of the bills say they are discriminatory.
"These bills claim to be to protect women, but they are drafted against women's will," Ma Khin Lay, founder of rights organisation Triangle Women's Group Support said. "It is discrimination and control."
The campaigner, who along with other women's rights activists has faced threats for her opposition to the bills, said requirements for a host of official permissions would create further opportunities for misuse of power in a state system riddled with corruption.
A draft of the marriage bill was published in Myanmar language state media on Wednesday, laying out a web of rules governing marriage between Buddhist women and men of other faiths.
Couples would have to apply to local authorities – and the woman's parents if she is under 20 – and a notice would be displayed publicly announcing the engagement. Only if there were no objections could the nuptials take place. The penalty for non-compliance would be two years in prison.
The religious conversion draft, published earlier this year, would also require anyone wanting to change religion to seek a slew of bureaucratic permissions.
The bill "has no place in the 21st century", according to the US Commission on International Religious Freedom, which warned that together the proposals risk stoking violence and discrimination.
A Mabatha leaflet claimed the ills of inter-faith marriage range from rape, murder and forced conversion to "not saluting the Myanmar national flag".
Aung San Suu Kyi In Historic China Visit
Defence Bill Sparks Uproar In Japanese Parliament
UOB To Finance New Power Plant In Myanmar
Economic reforms stalled as India's raucous parliament closes


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Teamwork – Hannah Carpenter
Home Careers Teamwork – Hannah Carpenter
Teamwork is the combined action of a group of people, especially when effective and efficient. It is knowing strengths and weaknesses in yourself and the ones you're working with and prioritizing the greater good.
How can one be a valued member of a team?
You understand your role
You welcome collaboration
You are accountable
You are flexible
You have a positive attitude
You are committed to the team
Discussion with Hannah Carpenter
Hannah has an important job at the Soil & Water Conservation District, but she certainly doesn't act alone. The success of her endeavors is due largely to the "well-oiled machine" that is the team she works with. Join Hannah as she discusses the following as they relate to a successful team:
The meaning of teamwork
How to be a productive member of a team
The characteristics of a perfect team
The importance and characteristics of a good team leader
The Soil & Water Conservation District
Soil and Water Conservation Districts provide technical, financial, and education resources to meet the needs of local land users for conservation. SWCDs develop and implement programs to protect and conserve soil, water, prime farmland, woodland, wildlife, and urban areas.
What was The Dust Bowl?
The Dust Bowl was the name given to the drought-stricken Southern Plains region of the United States, which suffered severe dust storms during a dry period in the 1930s. As high winds and choking dust swept the region from Texas to Nebraska, people and livestock were killed and crops failed across the entire region. The Dust Bowl intensified the crushing economic impacts of the Great Depression and drove many farming families on a desperate migration in search of work and better living conditions. As a result, The Soil and Water Conservation Act was put in place to avoid such a situation from happening again. This law requires the United States Department of Agriculture to periodically prepare a national plan for soil and water conservation on private lands, based on an inventory and appraisal of existing resource conditions and trends.
About Hannah Carpenter
Hannah Carpenter is the District Program Administrator for the Soil & Water Conservation District.
For over 75 years, the Belmont Soil and Water Conservation District has made it their mission to educate and assist all people in the wise use of natural resources.
Learn more about Hannah and the Belmont Soil and Water Conversation District at belmontswcd.org.
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How the new regulation of Alternative Business Structures affects law firms
The Bar Standards Board (BSB) has now gained parliamentary approval to enable it to regulate Alternative Business Structures (ABSs). This follows a recommendation by the Legal Services Board (LSB) to the Lord Chancellor in April 2016 that this be approved.
Barristers will now have the opportunity to form BSB regulate entities that compete directly with SRA regulated entities, including the involvement of non-lawyer owners and managers.
This follows on from the approval in November 2014 which allowed the BSB to regulate entities for the first time. Such entities were, at that point, limited to those owned and managed by groups of barristers or other legal professionals and could be single or multi-person entities.
Entities or independence?
It would be wrong to underestimate the shift in attitudes required for the Bar Council and BSB to get to this stage. The BSB as a regulator has long been focused on maintaining high standards and, more relevantly to business structures, independence.
Independence is the main reason why traditionally most barristers were self-employed individuals. The traditional barristers chambers model, involving numerous self-employed barristers grouping together to centralise and share costs such as support staff, premises and facilities, evolved primarily from the need for independence.
In practice therefore two barristers who may sit in adjacent rooms in the same chambers can, and do, represent opposite sides of the same court case. This is also the very reason why, for barristers in many specialisms, there will not be a significant incentive to form an entity. For example an entity jointly owned by the very same group of barristers would not be able to represent both sides of a case in this way.
Considering the SRA first gained approval to regulate ABSs back in December 2011, the obvious question is why has it taken so long for the BSB to 'catch-up' and, indeed, why has it felt the need to?
The Legal Services Act 2007 and the funding reforms to Legal Aid are the main drivers. Before the Legal Services Act 2007 the traditional roles of barristers and solicitors had remained the same or similar for many years, other than the introduction of Solicitor High Court Advocates in the 1990s. Typically the solicitor was instructed and prepared the case and the Barrister gave an opinion and advocated the case in court.
In addition to this, many barristers, by their very nature, are fiercely independent thinkers who may be better suited to being their own boss than working in an entity. A decision on forming an entity will therefore still not be taken lightly.
The Legal Services Act – A catalyst for change
The impact of The Legal Services Act was however a catalyst for change, or, at least, contemplating change! As increased competition began to impact on solicitors, so they began to keep more of the work they would typically have outsourced to barristers in-house, either through directly employing barristers or using their own solicitor advocates. Thus in some areas of law, such as criminal law (and specifically Legal Aid contracts), the only option previously available to barristers wishing to form entities to compete with solicitors in this area was to form an entity regulated by the SRA. This was generally unappealing to most barristers who would then have found themselves regulated by the BSB personally and the SRA at entity level, with the associated administrative costs and complexity.
Under pressure from its members to give barristers the tools to compete for legal aid, local government and other such bulk contracts, the Bar Council in April 2010 launched a compromise, which went under the name 'ProcureCo'.
Related reading: "The challenges of strategic planning in law firms"
This was basically an entity which sat alongside the traditional chambers, allowing barristers to group together to tender for bulk contracts and contracts with solicitors and other experts, all whilst remaining self-employed and not significantly impacting their independence. The guidance was 88 pages long and included model articles, model contracts etc.… However, very few barristers ever adopted this new ProcureCo structure and it now appears to have been consigned to the history books.
Therefore in November 2014 the BSB was finally given approval to regulate entities and it began doing so in April 2015.
At that point it was expected to be an attractive route for individual barristers, not least because of the potential corporation tax savings. However, whilst this could still be attractive in some circumstances, particularly to those barristers with large outstanding WIP and debtor balances, the introduction of the 7.5% dividend rate has removed much of the tax incentive. There are other reasons that barristers may consider this route, with potential limitation of liability being an obvious one.
At the same time, the BSB was also authorised to regulate multi-person entities, if owned and managed by authorised legal professionals. This opened up the possibility of barristers taking back control of the work streams, by creating entities that employ solicitors. They would then have the ability to effectively see the case through from cradle to grave, under the supervision and regulation of a familiar regulator – the BSB. The impact of independence rules means that the take up is likely to be limited, at least initially, but it does allow for innovative new businesses, with barristers at the helm.
Regulating ABS's
The approval to regulate ABSs will now bring the business model option available under the BSB to a consistent level to those available under the SRA.
It is important to recognise that the BSB is not trying to replicate the SRA. Its stated aim is to regulate businesses specialising in its traditional areas, such as advocacy, litigation and specialist legal advice. It is unlikely to approve a bulk residential property conveyancing entity!
One of the things that BSB regulated entities and ABSs will not be able to do is hold client money, in the same way as SRA regulated entities do. For those entities that require the option, the Bar Council has set up a facility called BARCO, through a separate FCA regulated entity, which it owns and operates. This is basically an escrow account.
The relevant issues surrounding BARCO are as follows:
Cost of 2% of fees billed, with a cap of £250 per transaction
Mitigation of credit risk, within BSB regulations
Approximately one week to access money
Client peace of mind – held independently
This gives BSB regulated entities the ability to deal with matters requiring clients to put money on account, whilst removing the need to comply with and manage this money under detailed regulations in the same way as under the SRA client money regulations.
In summary, there are now a significant amount of options available to barristers and other legal professionals wishing to set-up an entity under a realistic, if niche, alternative to the SRA. Clearly those entities which will be approved in this way will be those specialising in barrister type work, such as advocacy, litigation and other specialist legal advice.
For further information and help please contact Darren Amott at darren.amott@pricebailey.co.uk. Darren is a member of Price Bailey Professional Services Sector team, acting for many professional practices and individual Lawyers and Barristers.
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