text:
Damien Menzo (born 18 October 1993 in Amsterdam) is a Dutch professional footballer who plays in the Tweede Divisie for ASV De Dijk. He plays as a winger.

His uncle is the former AFC Ajax and Netherlands national football team goalkeeper Stanley Menzo.

References

External links
 Voetbal International profile

1993 births
Living people
Dutch footballers
FC Volendam players
Eerste Divisie players
Footballers from Amsterdam
Association football midfielders
ASV De Dijk players


It has been far too long since we last heard Claire at Bo Diddley's, but her songwriting, guitar playing, and her amazing three-octave voice are as compelling as ever. Her material stretches from the bluesy to the jazzy, but always grounded in the personal. Tonight Claire is joined by fingerstyle guitarist (and singer and composer) Bill Hammond. There may also be some percussion.


Last post I showed you Barry M Strawberry Ice cream. Today it gets its sprinkles :) Barry M can be purchased at the Barry M website here and at Harlow & Co. here.
This is a sunset photo!
Essie All in One base coat, 3 coats of Barry M Strawberry Ice Cream, 2 coats Barry M Lavender Hexograms. No top coat.
I love this combination! I have never tried Barry M, but this sure makes me want to!! Looks SO pretty!


This applet shows a linear approximation to a non-linear difference equation close to an equilibrium, using cobwebbing. It can be used to investigate the accuracy of a linear approximation, or to motivate the linear stability criterion for equilibria of a first-order difference equation.
See also the cobwebbing applet.


As Andrew Lewis once said "If you're not paying for something, you're not the customer; you're the product being sold". Think about the implications of that quote for a moment – how many free services do we use online every day? When we use Facebook, make a search on Google Get More Out Of Google [INFOGRAPHIC] Get More Out Of Google [INFOGRAPHIC] Google may be the dominant search engine on the web but when it comes to finding something specific, many people have no idea how to look and what to type into that search box. Many... Read More , or check our Gmail, we like to think that we're the customer – Facebook, Google, or whatever other website is providing a service to us. But we're rarely the customer online – instead, we're the product being sold to advertisers and tracking networks.
More accurately, the product is our personal data, which is being sold to advertisers, collected in massive databases, and used to target advertising and built up detailed profiles on us.
As you're no doubt aware, advertisers collect data about everything you do online – from the websites you "Like", to the articles you read and the videos you watch – and this information is stored in massive databases. Social-networking websites like Facebook, which users provide with a lot of information, can build up even more detailed profiles about you. Increasingly, these databases aren't disconnected silos of information – they communicate with each other to share information about you and build up even more detailed profiles.
Spokeo merges "real life" information (address, email address, marital status, etc.) with social network data (Facebook profiles, Twitter feeds, etc.) providing you with a profile that is among the most comprehensive profiles available on the Web.
Spokeo prohibits its use for employee screening and credit eligibility, but it isn't hard to imagine that such tools would be used for these purposes. And, if Spokeo can do it, advertising networks can do it too.
Think you can avoid this tracking by signing out of websites like Facebook and clearing your cookies How to Manually & Automatically Clear Your Browser History How to Manually & Automatically Clear Your Browser History The websites you visit leave tracks on your computer. We show you how to delete your browsing history in Firefox, Chrome, Edge, and Internet Explorer. Read More ? Think again. Technologies like BlueCava's Device ID create a "fingerprint" from your browser and computer's settings that can be used to identify you even if you've logged out and cleared your private data. For a demonstration of how this technology can work – and just how unique your browser 7 Browser Security Tests to Try Out and Prevent Exploit Attacks 7 Browser Security Tests to Try Out and Prevent Exploit Attacks Read More fingerprint is – check out the Electronic Frontier Foundation's Panopticlick page.
Of course, these databases are being created for the purpose of targeting ads to ever more specific demographics. On Facebook The 10 Best Hidden Facebook Tricks You Should Make Use Of The 10 Best Hidden Facebook Tricks You Should Make Use Of You might think you know everything there is to know about Facebook, especially if you're a social media addict. Here are 10 tricks you probably don't know. Read More , an advertiser can target an ad to 30-year-old men with an interest in hiking living in a specific city. This is the kind of targeting advertisers want to engage in.
However, these databases are also being used for other purposes. Political campaigns are building up huge voter databases and targeting political ads based on them, as well. This is particularly useful when online data – such as the type of articles a person reads or the type of content they "like" – can be combined with offline data about the person's location and voting history.
You could be forgiven for thinking that this is an online phenomenon. However, the rise of "big data" is also leading to advertising targeting offline. One famous story illustrates both the potential of advertisement targeting in the offline world and just how far this targeting can be taken – advertisers can know more about your family than you do.
Peoples' routine shopping patterns often change when they have a child, and Target wants to lure expectant mothers 10 Baby Websites To Help Expecting Parents 10 Baby Websites To Help Expecting Parents Read More to shop at Target instead of at their competitors – so Target wanted to identify pregnant women. Specifically, they wanted to identify women in their second trimester of pregnancy and send specially designed advertisements to them. Crunching the data, Target's statisticians discovered that pregnant women buy larger amounts of unscented lotions, supplements, cotton balls, and other products. In total, Target found 25 products that could be used to create a "pregnancy prediction" score for a woman – in addition to showing just how far along a woman was in her pregnancy. Target then sent specially designed advertisements to these women.
In one case, a man angrily stormed into a Target store and demanded to know why his daughter – who was only in high school – was being sent advertisements for baby products. A few days later, the man apologized when he discovered his daughter was actually pregnant – Target knew before he knew.
To avoid such situations and possible backlash in the future, Target decided to mix baby-related advertisements with other advertisements – for example, by placing an ad for diapers next to an ad for a lawn mower – to make it look as if the advertisements were randomly assigned.
For a more detailed telling of this story, check out How Companies Learn Your Secrets in the New York Times.
Ultimately, Internet users take for granted that all the free services we access online are paid for by advertising AdBlock, NoScript & Ghostery - The Trifecta Of Evil AdBlock, NoScript & Ghostery - The Trifecta Of Evil Over the past few months, I've been contacted by a good number of readers who have had problems downloading our guides, or why they can't see the login buttons or comments not loading; and in... Read More . Sure, there are a few exceptions – Wikipedia The Origins of Wikipedia: How It Came To Be [Geek History Lesson] The Origins of Wikipedia: How It Came To Be [Geek History Lesson] Read More is supported by donations, for example – but the vast majority of websites we use are supported by advertising that requires our personal data. If an alternative search engine that required a monthly subscription fee sprang up, it's unlikely that it would take much market share away from Google – Internet users want free services whenever possible. In the personal data economy, we pay with our personal data instead of opening our wallets.
There are rumblings in governments about the need for some level of regulation – for example, to force advertisers to obey the "Do Not Track" preference in web browsers – but little has come of that so far. Even if some of the worst excesses are trimmed back and some regulation is put in place, it seems as if the personal data economy and big data are here to stay.
I am actively seeking to learn how to "make use of" privacy-promoting Linux distros like Tails, Liberty Linux (it's actually "liberte'," in French, but the comment form won't let me put diacritics for some reason), Odebian, and Ubuntu Privacy Remix. (MUO has a great article on them, "Linux Distros for the Paranoid.") I almost never shop online, and if I have to, I use a throwaway prepaid gift card. Unfortunately, you can't use them with PayPal, so I don't bother with Amazon. Anything else I support my local yokels and buy brick-and-mortar with cash. When I search, I use Duck Duck Go with its Tor service, or the "lite" or HTML versions. I also use No Script and have started working with text-based browser Lynx.
I've adopted a zero-tolerance fed-up policy about this: Any site that doesn't display properly in text or HTML isn't worth reading (MUO does!), and anything that I have to buy with PayPal, I can do without. I'm not the kind of person who feels like the last picked at kickball just because people feel the need to share every bit of minutiae of their otherwise unimportant lives on Facepalm and I deliberately exclude myself from the fray.
Wow, that's absolutely fascinating. You go a lot further than many privacy-focused geeks I've seen -- I'm impressed!
This news website appears to have done it. I'm sure there are other Spokeo-like websites, through. No matter how off-the-grid you try to be, something about you is out there.
I think people have a hard time realizing they are the selling point. Their data and content is what drives most of these sites, not the other way around. I don't understand why people get so up in arms over changes made to the free platforms they use. If you don't like it or agree with it, just don't participate.
Very true. All these websites aren't providing a public service out of their own pockets -- if Gmail's advertisements upset you, pay for an email service that doesn't present such advertisements to you.
I'm new, so it's new news to me.
We are in the Information Age. Whoever has the best information wins.
Rehashed story. Nothing new here.
He just want to remind us, maybe?
I suppose it might seem "rehashed" if you're someone who reads all the tech blogs. Many people don't, so combining a lot of information from multiple sources into a single, easily digestible article is useful.
Everything's been done before in some way or another. Most of the information you'll find on the web has been covered elsewhere, but that doesn't make it worthless.
...says the author of a rehashed story.
No one said this is worthless. And although it is true that "everything is a remix", I'm merely stating the fact that this is indeed a rehash, perhaps a even a retelling, of other people's opinions.
if you havent already used Ghostery or Collision you will be shocked how many sites are tracking you.
Yeah, Ghostery is similar -- but Collusion provides a better representation!


text:
Аскер Магомедаминович Аскеров (6 июля 1980, селение Халимбекаул, Буйнакский район, Дагестан, Россия — 29 мая 2005, Дагестан, Россия) — начальник отделения уголовного розыска отдела внутренних дел Буйнакского района МВД Республики Дагестан. Герой Российской Федерации (23.09.2005, посмертно). Старший лейтенант милиции.

Биография
В 1995 году потерял отца, в 1996 году — мать, после чего воспитывался в семье родственника — преподавателя Академии управления МВД России Ильяса Килясханова. В 1997 году окончил 11 классов Халимбекаульской средней школы.

В органах МВД с августа 1997 года. В 2001 году окончил Омскую академию МВД России. Был направлен в МВД Дагестанской АССР, где проходил службу на должностях: оперуполномоченного отделения уголовного розыска отдела внутренних дел Буйнакского района Республики Дагестан (2001—2003), старшего оперуполномоченного того же отделения. В сентябре 2004 года возглавил это отделение. В 2004 году награждён нагрудным знаком «Лучший сотрудник криминальной милиции».

Подвиг

Ночью 29 мая 2005 года в отделение поступила информация о минировании тоннеля на автодороге Буйнакск-Унцукуль. А. М. Аскеров во главе оперативной группы выехал к указанному месту. Наблюдение показало, что трое неизвестных устанавливают фугасы. Приняв решение задержать преступника, обеспечивающего прикрытие, А. М. Аскеров обезвредил его. Затем устремился к основной группе. Обнаружив преследование, преступники открыли огонь по милиционеру и ранили его. Но А. М. Аскеров настиг одного из бандитов. Оказывая сопротивление, террорист достал пульт управления фугасом. Хорошо понимая, что последует взрыв, милиционер, истекая кровью, вырвал пульт и отбросил его в ущелье. Но бандиту всё же удалось выстрелить в офицера. Подоспевшие товарищи эвакуировали его с места боя. Однако по дороге в больницу Аскер Аскеров скончался.

Прибывшие из РОВД и МВД сотрудники обнаружили на месте происшествия 27 артиллерийских фугасов, установленных в шахматном порядке и соединенных между собой электропроводами. В случае их одновременного взрыва могли произойти обрушение тоннеля Ирганайской ГЭС Чиркейского водохранилища и затопление населенных пунктов.

За мужество и героизм, проявленные при выполнении служебного долга, Указом Президента Российской Федерации от 23 сентября 2005 года № 1122 старшему лейтенанту милиции Аскерову Аскеру Магомедаминовичу присвоено звание Героя Российской Федерации (посмертно). Семье Героя вручена медаль «Золотая Звезда» (№ 860).

Память

27 декабря 2005 года на Ученом совете Омской академии МВД России было одобрено Положение о стипендии имени Аскерова А. М. С 1 февраля 2006 года эта именная стипендия присуждается лучшим курсантам и студентам.

Руководством академии принято решение об установке бронзового бюста Аскерова А. М., выполненного известным Омским скульптором Анатолием Цымбалом, в мемориальном комплексе погибших выпускников.

Имя А. М. Аскерова носит школа, в которой он учился. В самой школе создан музей Героя, а на территории школы установлен его бюст.

Приказом министра МВД России № 811 от 4 октября 2005 года навечно зачислен в списки личного состава МВД Республики Дагестан.
Похоронен в селе Халимбекаул на сельском кладбище.

Примечания

Литература
 Энциклопедия города Омска: в 3 т. — 2012. — Т. 3.: Омск в лицах. — С. 57.
 Ильясов З. Энциклопедия дагестанской жизни: Дагестан: цифры и факты. – Изд. 3-е, доп. – Махачкала, 2010 – С. 394.
 Дагестанцы: Герои России. Герои Советского Союза. Герои Социалистического Труда / Авт-сост. З.З. Ильясов. – Махачкала, 2008 – С. 11-12.
 Арипов Г. Г. Вечная слава павшим героям. – Махачкала, 2009 – С. 19-32.

Ссылки

Персоналии:Омск
Выпускники Омской академии МВД России
Участники Второй чеченской войны (МВД)
Погибшие в боях Второй чеченской войны

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Do You Still Have Dreams?
My children brought me lots of yummy chocolates, a swimming cap and goggles (for after I've eaten my chocs?) to help me learn to swim better instead of only doing breast stroke and hurting my neck.
I know he is on a mission to help me get fit, help encourage me with my running, swimming, fitness and watching my biscuit and cake obsession, who knows I could be fitter in a month!?!
Trying to think em, "our old house when you were small, my old house when I was growing up," em "I can't quite think off hand".
Then he replied " is it posing, selfies and blogging idea?
Rice Pudding With Marsala Poached Plums….
"But First Let Me Take A Selfie…"
"31/03 Creative Mondays Blog Hop And Features…"
So cute and what a fun t-shirt.Daphne.
I love those jellies! They bring me back to my childhood. Thanks for linking up for Look What I Got last week. Hope to see you back tomorrow!Penniless Socialite$30 J. Crew Giveaway!


text:
Dallas Wants to Give Millions in Tax Breaks to a Failing Pizza Delivery Startup
Former UTA Student Sues Fraternity After Hazing Incident Leaves Him Blackout Drunk
Irving Needs More of Dallas's Water. And So Does the North Texas Municipal Water District.
Robert Wilonsky | November 28, 2011 | 1:46pm
Speaking of Dallas's water supply ...
I was on US 380 yesterday, headed to Cattleman's Cafe in Blue Ridge for chicken-fried steak, when, driving toward Farmersville, I espied what's left of Lake Lavon, down some 13 feet due to the drought. "It's stunning," in the words of North Texas Municipal Water District spokesperson Denise Hickey. That's one way of putting it.
I called Hickey because I see here that the NTMWD is looking to buy water from Dallas, in large part because Lavon's 47.59 percent full at last look one week ago. That, combined with the fact Zebra mussels have taken over Lake Texoma, is devastating the Collin County water district, which gets 28 percent of its supply from Texoma.
"Purchasing some raw water supply [from Dallas] would help fill in that gap," says Hickey, who notes that the NTMWD currently doesn't buy any water from Dallas. "We have the infrastructure in place where we can move additional supplies from Lake Tawakoni. I am not sure how much Dallas is willing to sell."
As you can see from the city's own look at its water reservoirs' supply. Tawakoni's down more than seven feet. And perhaps you noticed: In the memo Assistant City Manager Forest Turner sent to council at the end of last week, Irving's also looking to buy more water from Dallas, since Lake Jim Chapman, which is maintained by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, is emptying at a dizzying pace: It's down close to 80 percent depleted, and provides water to Irving, the NTMWD, Sulphur Springs and three other smaller cities.
I've left messages for Jody Puckett, director of Dallas Water Utilities. But Hickey says the proposal to sell Dallas's water to the NTMWD is expected to go to the Dallas City Council in February.
Judge Blocks Executive Order, Halting Abbott's Refugee Ban
Dallas Settles With 'Will Rap 4 Weed' Activist over...
Astros Mess Is Going to Benefit Someone, But Probably Not the...

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You are currently browsing the category archive for the 'Vegan MoFo' category.
Hey everyone! Today was the last day of Vegan MoFo. It was a really great experience for me. I discovered so many new blogs that I enjoyed reading so much! Vegan MoFo has kept me moviated to post at leat 5 times a week and I will try to contuine that throughout the year. I hope you all had a great Halloween! Today I wanted to make something fall/ Halloween like, the problem was I didn't have any fall type vegetables. I only had summer ones like eggplant and zucchinii. I quickly threw whatever vegetables I had in my fridge into a casserole dish. I flavored the veggies with fresh mint, thyme, and salt and pepper. I also added tomato sauce to the vegtables. I then slow roasted them for a good one and a half hours. The result was awesome tender roasted vegetables. It was really good.
Hey everyone! This is my 18th Vegan MoFo post. I don't think I am going to have 20 post by tomorrow. Oh well. I have been a bit lazy this week in cooking. I just made a tagine and that's it. I didn't do much cooking. I promise you next week I will have a lot of interesting things on my blog! Anyways, I did a survey from Jess of Get Sconed.
What was the most recent tea you drank?
The most recent tea that I drank was camillolle tea.
What vegan forms do you post/lurk on? I post on The PPK forums. I think PPK is the best forum ever!
You have to have tofu for dinner, and it has be an Italian dish. What comes to mind first?
How many vegan blogs do you read on an average day?
I try to read all of my blogroll at least 3 times a week.
Besides your own, what is the most recent one you've read?
I just read Let's Get Sconed which is an awesome blog!
If you could hang out with a vegan blogger that you haven't met, who would it be, and what would you do?
I want to meet Isa! She has taught me so much about cooking through her books. She's the best!
If you had to base your dinners for a week around one of the holy trilogy – tofu, seitan or tempeh, which would it be?
I love tofu! So many things you can do with it.
If you had to use one in a fight, which would it be?
Name 3 meals you'd realistically make with that tough protein of choice!
What's a recipe in vegan blogland that you've been eyeing?
i really want to make Vegan YumYum's fried seitan salad!
Do you own any clothing with vegan messages/brands on them?
No, But one day I will make it there!
What age did you first go vegan? Did it stick?
I became vegan just one year ago when I was 15. I was vegetarian five months before I became vegan.
What is the worst vegan meal you've had? Who cooked it?
I made a nasty eggplant moussaka which was from a betty crocker cookbook. It was really bad.
I was inspired by all the awesome vegan blogs out there. I wanted a place where I can record my vegan eats!
What are three of your favorite meals to make?
What dish would you bring to a vegan Thanksgiving-themed potluck?
I would bring an apple pie or pecan crusted seitan.
Where is your favorite vegan meal at a restaurant? How many times have you ordered it?
I only been to a vegan restaurant once but I forget what it was called. I ordered tofu which was really good.
What do you think the best chain to dine as a vegan is?
I like Moe's, it's like a burrito place, so good! They have tofu there too!
This vegetable is not allowed in my kitchen…..!
Well I have been very lazy the past few days. I think I am just going to have some pasta with jarred garden tomato sauce.
Hey everyone! Kelly from The Pink Apron tagged me for seeing what's in my freezer. Thanks Kelly for tagging me! I use my freezer as a storage center for some of my spices so they don't go bad as I bought them in bulk. My freezer doesn't have meat and it rarely has meat since my family doesn't eat a lot of meat since I became vegan. I'm glad because I am saving so many animal!
Also today I made some pasta with what ever vegetables were in my fridge. I have been going on a pasta overload but its OK, because they are so good! Today I had penne with capers, zucchini, spinach, shallots, broccoli, balsamic vinegar, and garlic! It was so good and simple!
Hey everyone! Today for dinner I made Albanian-Style Bean. You may be wondering what in the world are Albanian-Style Beans, don't worry I am here to tell you. I am here to introduce a great way to eat beans!! My ethic backround is Albanian. My mom and dad were born in Montenegro so I know a lot of Albanian dishes that I will be sharing with you from time to time. By the way there are Albanian people in Montenegro. Whrn I went to Montenegro I told everyone all the different ways I cook beans like put them into soups, stews, etc. This was unheard of there. There is only one way Albanian people eat beans. They eat them in a gravy like liquid. The liquid is like a thick soup. The most popular beans that we use are any white bean and roman/kidney beans. These beans can be flavored in so many ways. I like to put whatever soup vegetables I have on hand. Most often I put carrot, peppers, and celery. I like to flavor it with paprika, oregano, and Vegeta. Now you may be wondering what in the world is Vegeta. Vegetais an awesome seasoning that Albanians always use, in fact it's our number one seasoning. It is dehydrated vegetables, some spices, and lots of salt! Its really good and I put it in quite a few dishes mostly Albanian dishes. I feel it is difficult make Albanian food without vegeta, it just doesn't taste Albanian. I think almost every Albanian household has vegeta. I really think you should go to an eastern European market and get it. I sometimes use it in place of vegetable bouillon cubes or vegetable broth. I am going to give you a basic recipe on how to make these beans. I am always experimenting on these beans as I just learned how to make them. This is what I did with them today.
Soak the beans for 8-12 hours. Rinse them and put about 6 cups of water covering them by a fair amount. Add the carrots and half an onion. Bring to boil and then to a simmer. Cook beans until they start to get tender about 40 mins depending on beans.
When they start to get tender start chopping the onions. Heat a skillet to medium heat. Add the oil. Add the onions. You want the onions to cook nice and slowly for about 10 minutes. Add the herbs and paprika. Also add tomato paste if using. Also season with salt and pepper. Add the flour and cook for about a minute. Add the mixture to the beans. Then you want to clean the pan with the bean broth and add it back to the beans. Cook the beans for 15 minutes until thickened. You want it to be nice and gravy like. Season with salt and pepper.
If you have any questions please feel free to ask me as you probably have never heard of Albanian food or this dish.
Hey everyone! My mom bought quite a few vegetables this week. They all screamed Soup to me all week long so that's what I made today! I love making making soup. I think what I love most is chopping all the vegetables, I think this is like the best part and eating it too. Today I made a Minestrone soup which is a soup with beans, pasta, and vegetables. I made a lot, by a lot I mean a pot overflowing with soup. I will have leftovers for a while. I love eating soup the more it sits, it just gets better and better. Minestrone Soup is one of best soups and it is so simple to make, I throw whatever vegetables I have on hand, some beans, some pasta, broth, tomatoes, herbs, and that's about it. It's that easy. My mom has taught me everything I need to know about making a vegetable soup, that I can make it with my eyes closed! I wrote a recipe that describes what I do most often when I make this soup.
I use whatever vegetables I have on hand. Some of my key vegetables to include are cabbage, carrots, onions, celery, bell peppers, zucchini, potatoes, tomatoes canned or fresh, and spinach. Feel free to add whatever you like. I add the vegetables that take longer to cook like potatoes, cabbage, carrots in the beginning and vegetables that take a shorter time to cook like zucchini in the end. This is a very verstile recipe, you could play around with it!
1/2 cups short tubed pasta like elbow, I used orzo this time because it was all I had.
First you shred the cabbage, I shred it with a knife because the cabbage shreds better than in the food procceser.
Chop the onions, carrots, and celery.
Heat a soup pot with oil to medium heat. Add the onions, carrots, and celery and saute for 8-10 minutes. Meanwhile start chopping the rest of the vegetables.
Add the bell peppers. Add the tomatoes and cook for 5 more minutes. Add the potatoes and cabbage. Also add the bay leave, oregano, thyme, salt/pepper and sage. Now you can add the broth and bring it to a boil. When it's up to a boil bring it to simmer. Simmer it for 15 minutes. Add the zucchini and cook for another 10-15 minutes.
Add the pasta and cook for another 10 minutes. Now add the spinach and beans. Cook for 5 minutes. Finish it off with the fresh parsley. Enjoy!


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Q: Converting values in an array to their pairs using a dictionary in Python So I have a python dictionary with about 40 entries where the keys and the values are both numbers. I have a numpy array that is a very long list of numbers, where each number is one of the keys in the dictionary.
I want to be able to create a new array except each number is replaced with its corresponding value using the dictionary but I am stuck with what is the best way. I realize that a simple loop will do the trick, but I was really wondering if there is any faster way to do this or if there are any functions that could help?
Thanks!

A: You can use a list comprehension to loop over your first array, then lookup the corresponding value out of your dictionary.
>>> data = [1, 5, 8]
>>> mapping = {1: 6, 5:0, 8: 3}
>>> [mapping[i] for i in data]
[6, 0, 3]

A: You can use np.vectorize to apply a custom mapping function where each key in the arr will be replaced by the corresponding value in the dictionary.
You can use this:
import numpy as np

d = {1:10, 2:20, 3:30, 4:50}
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4])

result = np.vectorize(lambda k: d[k])(arr)

Output:
>>> print(result)
[10 20 30 50]

A: array = [1, 2, 3]
dictionary = {1: 10, 2: 20, 3:40}
list(map(lambda key: dictionary[key], array))

or
[*map(lambda key: dictionary[key], array)]

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


DEMOTED from the Premier League after one tumultuous season, Maverley-Hughenden have been left in turmoil with president Craig Walters in baggage claim and the club on autopilot, according to administrator Shanett Stewart.
"His plan is to step down, he plans to resign," Stewart told STAR Sports. "He said it in a personal conversation. He probably said it to other directors, but I don't know of an official meeting and him saying that to us as a group. Mr Walters was everything but, at this time I really don't know who is in charge," she added.
Stewart claimed that Walters' mismanagement and stubbornness resulted in Maverley's relegation. She is even more incensed that since their demotion Walters has abandoned the club with no one particularly in charge.
Walters, who was a picture of dejection after Maverley were ousted, said he has not formally resigned but was instead being reflective.
"No, I have not resigned. I don't know, it's a reflecting process, and if that time comes, it comes, but I might be here for the next five years, as well as I might not, but I don't know now," he said.
Stewart said though Walters brought structure and influence to the club blamed his autocratic ways and ignoring major concerns as reasons for their downfall.
"He sold an idea, they trusted and followed him, but he started doing things his own way. It became his team. When you disagreed with him he snubbed you and did not listen or take advice," she said.
However, Walters insisted there's a process for decision making and the club did everything to limit negative publicity that haunted them all season.
"We did our best but I believe that there were other things we should have done. We have a body and every decision that was made went through that body. At no time was any decision made wholly and solely by me," he countered.
Stewart is concerned that other board members Walters had carried to the club will follow him out, straining its already meagre resources, although she believes the sooner he declares his position will be the better. "The club cannot manage too long on auto pilot," she reasoned.
"He is waiting on funds from the Premier League Clubs Association to pay bills, players and whatever else there is, then call it a day, but PLCA are not sure when we are going to get that, and I am not really sure when he is going to make an announcement and let us stop speculating," she said.


text:
November sporting highlights with Sky Sports
Next month sees plenty of football action from the Premier League and two more F1 faces, but it also features the NFL London Series, which offers the chance for pubs to attract in customers at a traditionally quieter time
There's plenty of football action in November on Sky Sports from the Premier League, EFL to the Euro 2020 Qualifiers. Plus, two US Formula 1 races, the annual Grand Slam of Darts, and the NFL London Series.
The NFL London Series returns to Wembley Stadium with Sky Sports showing every Thursday night, Sunday night and Monday night game live, alongside two Sunday evening games – all on Sky Sports.
The NFL Sunday evening slot is great for operators looking to attract customers at a traditionally quieter time or to extend football fans' Sunday evenings enjoying sport in the pub. Once the Super Sunday Premier League games finish around 6pm, back-to-back NFL games get underway on Sky Sports, providing a great opportunity to keep sport fans in for longer, spending more money.
How can Sky customers make the most of the NFL in their venue?
Greenwood in London is a bold and stylish venue that places sport at the heart of everything it does, reinforced through a commitment to delivering a best-in-class, premium experience for customers.
David King-Underwood, licensee of the venue, said: "Greenwood runs on sport, everything we do is centered around it, from the people we employ to how we set up the venue. Everything we do has a premium focus, such as the best food with finest ingredients, made in the best environment by the best people. The value that Sky Sports brings is huge and the synergy between Greenwood and Sky Sports is massively important."
The team at Greenwood understands the value of creating unrivalled guest experiences that drive loyalty and keep customers returning, particularly in the highly competitive London market where people have a big choice of venues in which to spend their money. Premier League football is of course the biggest draw, but US sports such as NFL are driving footfall as they prove more popular among a UK audience.
"NFL has been growing and growing for us. For the last Superbowl, we attracted a massive crowd, packing out the venue. We put on a special menu and beers and had cheerleaders outside, and it really drove sales. We expect it to continue to be huge for us in the future," says David.
Greenwood markets its sports offer in a highly targeted manner. Since the opening in 2017, the team has managed to reach almost 2 million sports-focused consumers through its targeted digital marketing activity which has spread the word about Greenwood far and wide. Brand collaborations with brewers have also helped pull customers to the venue, particularly during major sporting events.
"Sky Sports brings a massive opportunity for us. We get to show a variety of different sport at the same time, pull different crowds for different events and means we focus our calendar around high-quality sport."
If you are a Sky Sports customer, you have access to a range of game-changing support tools through MySkySports.com. This includes tailored fixture posters, the ability to share ready-made marketing images across social media channels like Twitter and Facebook with one easy click along with fixture planning information. Our Create Your Own fixture poster tool is also back and better than ever! Customers are no longer limited to just displaying football fixtures - all Sky Sports events can now be included, there's a mixed sports poster option and a variety of Sky Sports branded backgrounds to choose from.


An oil painting of one of the bees that worked hard in my garden this summer. Whilst painting him I was listening to a Celtic mystical soundtrack, I think it influenced my decision making as I created a warm glowing mist for the bee to fly in to.
He is painted on A4 oil paper signed by myself on the front with a Certificate of Authenticity to be stuck on the back of your frame. The painting is mounted in a soft white mount to A3 size. He will need to be framed behind glass (because it is painted on paper) in an A3 size frame. If you wish me to arrange framing then please message me separately, this will take a couple of weeks whilst I order the frame and of course will incur extra charges.


text:
Q: Hidden value not being submitted I am trying everything I can think of to pass a PHP variable to Javascript and back to PHP as the code will hopefully show. The output from the script is always '9' and I cannot determine why.

<link rel="stylesheet" href="include/layout.css" type="text/css" media="all" />

            <form method="post"><input type='hidden' name='userid' value='1'>one</form>

            <form method="post"><input type='hidden' name='userid' value='2'>two</form>

            <form method="post"><input type='hidden' name='userid' value='3'>three</form>

            <form method="post"><input type='hidden' name='userid' value='4'>four</form>

            <form method="post"><input type='hidden' name='userid' value='5'>five</form>

<?php
function SignUpForm($userid) {
echo"YAY ".$userid;
}

Any help would be appreciated

A: Not very elegant, but you can try something like below.
In my sample, "one" has no userid so it will take 9. Others have a userid.
Edit : there was a bug in my previous code

<link rel="stylesheet" href="include/layout.css" type="text/css" media="all" />

            <form method="post"><input type='hidden' name='userid' value='' id="a">one</form>

            <form method="post"><input type='hidden' name='userid' value='2' id="b">two</form>

            <form method="post"><input type='hidden' name='userid' value='3' id="c">three</form>

            <form method="post"><input type='hidden' name='userid' value='4' id="d">four</form>

            <form method="post"><input type='hidden' name='userid' value='5' id="e">five</form>

A: Here a sample code to guide you.
Three has no userid, others have.
All this code stand in a single page named test.php.
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title>stack</title>

<?php
if (isset($_POST['userid']) && $_POST['userid'] != "") {
    $userid=$_POST['userid'];
} else {
    $userid = 9;
}
?>

<form id="form1" name="form1" method="post" action="test.php"><input type='hidden' name='userid' value='1'>one</form>
<form id="form2" name="form2" method="post" action="test.php"><input type='hidden' name='userid' value='2'>two</form>
<form id="form3" name="form3" method="post" action="test.php"><input type='hidden' name='userid' value=''>three</form>

<?php echo $userid; ?>


text:
BRA member accused of threat will stay on board
(Boston, MA, 01/16/14) Boston Redevelopment Authority board member Michael P. Monahan listens to plans for an expansion of the Landmark Center in the Fenway during a meeting of the Boston Redevelopment Authority Board of Directors' meeting at Boston City Hall on Thursday, January 16, 2014. Staff photo by Christopher Evans
By Antonio Planas, Jack Encarnacao, Laurel J. Sweet and Laurel J. Sweet | laurel.sweet@bostonherald.com |
PUBLISHED: April 27, 2016 at 12:00 a.m. | UPDATED: November 18, 2018 at 12:00 a.m.
A BRA member and labor official reportedly linked to a federal probe into union strong-arming tactics will remain on the board as he faces separate charges for threatening to "kill" a fellow union member with a baseball bat.
Michael P. Monahan, 53, an IBEW vice president, is set to be arraigned in Dorchester District Court on May 5 on charges of assault with a dangerous weapon and making threats to commit a crime.
"You're dead, your (expletive) kids are dead … and you won't even see it coming," he warned the alleged victim, a 44-year-old North Reading man and fellow IBEW member, who told police Monahan accused him of spreading lies about Monahan's pending divorce, according to a police report.
Monahan's alleged victim told investigators he believed Monahan "has the means of carrying out the threats and that suspect's actions will escalate," a police ?report on the Jan. 22 case states.
Monahan's defense attorney, George C. McMahon, told the Herald the dust-up never happened, and the criminal complaint against his client should never have been issued.
"I'm asking the court to dismiss the complaint," McMahon said. "It's strictly a political move on his part to embarrass Monahan."
McMahon filed a motion to dismiss the case April 16, stating the alleged victim "is a longtime political opponent of the defendant within the union," and said the alleged victim has filed more than 10 labor complaints against Monahan.
Monahan is a vice president of the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers and a Boston Redevelopment Authority board member since 2013, when he was appointed to a five-year term by former Boston Mayor Thomas M. Menino after a stint on the zoning board.
Laura Oggeri, a spokeswoman for Mayor Martin J. Walsh, said yesterday the city was not aware of the pending complaint against Monahan, and that he "is not being suspended from the board."
Monahan was reportedly subpoenaed as a witness in a federal probe of union coercion that captured Walsh on a wiretap when he was head of the Boston Building Trades in 2012.
McMahon declined to say if his client testified before a federal grand jury, but he said, "We've never received any notice of interception. I don't believe he's been wiretapped at all."
Monahan had previously clashed with a developer, Michael Rauseo, who was subpoenaed in the current federal union probe, over a project in Charlestown.
In an October 2013 police report, Monahan claimed Rauseo gained access to his apartment in Dorchester before he'd gotten home, and threatened him.
In Feb. 2014, Rauseo filed his own report against Monahan claiming he was at Monahan's home to verify he was not flouting city residency rules, and that it was Monahan who threatened him. Both sides dropped their claims.
Antonio Planas
Jack Encarnacao
Laurel J. Sweet | Reporter
Laurel J. Sweet
Ticker: Whale meat vending machines open in Japan


Abbotsford Bridge is located south east of Elsenham and north of Stansted Airport and consists of a cast iron deck supported on cast iron girders.
Inspections by Essex County Council have identified that the bridge, in Hall Road, requires dismantling and replacing as it is now found to be in a weak and deteriorating condition.
The bridge, which consists of a culvert that runs under the road, was originally constructed in two different stages - the original structure is a cast iron deck supported on cast iron girders constructed in 1880 and this was extended at a later stage on the east side.
Preparations are now being made to carry out the main reconstruction works from May 10 and these are expected to take approximately six months to complete.
This will involve the installation of a temporary footway before the removal of the existing bridge to ensure pedestrian access is maintained. The waterway will also be diverted for the works and utility supplies relocated to enable the existing structure to be removed and bridge reconstructed.
During this time a full closure of Hall Road will be necessary and advance warning signs will be on site with appropriate diversions in place when the closure is implemented.
Moyra Jackson, spokesman for Elsenham Parish Council, said: "The news of the closure of Hall Road for a six month period has been the subject of a great deal of discussion and concern by councillors and residents alike at our monthly parish council meetings. "The closure of this road seriously affects many of our residents who work at Stansted Airport, as this is the most direct route there or those using it to access the M11 or A120.
The parish council and members of the public hope Essex Highways agree to widen the road during the closure.
"It is hoped that a meeting will be held within the next couple of weeks with councillors and highways officers to discuss the possibility of getting all the improvements to the road carried out simultaneously," Moyra said.
A spokesman for Essex Highways said: "The reason for the longer works is to carry out a temporary diversion of the river; a temporary diversion of the utility pipes and cables across the water; to implement temporary pedestrian access and build the site compound, before carrying out the main works to remove the existing bridge and build the new one. The main contractor for the works is now in place and the work can be carried out in the necessary phases.
The current proposed diversion will be Hall Road, Henham Road, Mill Road, Thaxted Road, Church End, Moor End Lane, Brick End, Woodgates End, Chapel End, Molehill Green, Waltham Hall Road, Elsenham Road and vice versa.


I love it! I'm home from work, it was a beautiful day, and I don't have any plans for the night. Well, no plans outside my house. I'm so thankful to be able to put my feet up, read a good book, and spend time playing with my puppy. I'm so lucky to have a warm place to sleep and food on the table. And tonight my inspiration comes from these simple and yet powerful things. The things that say "Home" to me. And the opportunity to have those things around me every day.
Took this picture on Halloween at the Trunk or Treat event from my church. Just love the colors of the sunset that night.
Hi everyone! I'm Willi and welcome to my page. This is the place where my imagination and reality collide. I've been absent for a while but am making some changes in my life, and this is just one of them. Join me on my journey to chase down my dreams. I don't know exactly where the adventure will take us but the more the merrier. Along the way I plan to explore the lush jungles of Creativity; the rarely visited library of Organization; the magic castle of Fantasy; the waterfall of Quotes; the labyrinth of Managing Money, the table of Yumminess, and the garden o Inspiration. I hope to see all of you there! Until next time, my fearless travel companions, enjoy the magic and wonder that appears in your day.


text:
require File.expand_path('../spec_helper', __FILE__)

load_extension("numeric")

describe "CApiNumericSpecs" do
  before :each do
    @s = CApiNumericSpecs.new
  end

  describe "rb_num2long" do
    it "raises an TypeError if passed nil" do
      lambda { @s.rb_num2long(nil) }.should raise_error(TypeError)
    end

    it "converts a Float" do
      @s.rb_num2long(4.2).should == 4
    end

    it "converts a Bignum" do
      @s.rb_num2long(0x7fff_ffff).should == 0x7fff_ffff
    end

    it "converts a Fixnum" do
      @s.rb_num2long(5).should == 5
    end

    it "calls #to_int to coerce the value" do
      obj = mock("number")
      obj.should_receive(:to_int).and_return(2)
      @s.rb_num2long(obj).should == 2
    end
  end

  describe "rb_num2ulong" do
    it "raises an TypeError if passed nil" do
      lambda { @s.rb_num2ulong(nil) }.should raise_error(TypeError)
    end

    it "converts a Float" do
      @s.rb_num2ulong(4.2).should == 4
    end

    it "converts a Bignum" do
      @s.rb_num2ulong(0xffff_ffff).should == 0xffff_ffff
    end

    it "converts a Fixnum" do
      @s.rb_num2ulong(5).should == 5
    end

    it "calls #to_int to coerce the value" do
      obj = mock("number")
      obj.should_receive(:to_int).and_return(2)
      @s.rb_num2ulong(obj).should == 2
    end
  end

  describe "rb_Integer" do
    it "should create a new Integer from a String" do
      i = @s.rb_Integer("8675309")
      i.should be_kind_of(Integer)
      i.should eql(8675309)
    end
  end

  describe "rb_ll2inum" do
    it "should create a new Fixnum from a small signed long long" do
      i = @s.rb_ll2inum_14()
      i.should be_kind_of(Fixnum)
      i.should eql(14)
    end
  end

  describe "rb_int2inum" do
    it "should create a new Fixnum from a long" do
      i = @s.rb_int2inum_14()
      i.should be_kind_of(Fixnum)
      i.should eql(14)
    end
  end

  describe "rb_num2dbl" do
    it "raises an TypeError if passed nil" do
      lambda { @s.rb_num2dbl(nil) }.should raise_error(TypeError)
    end

    it "raises an TypeError if passed a String" do
      lambda { @s.rb_num2dbl("1.2") }.should raise_error(TypeError)
    end

    it "converts a Float" do
      @s.rb_num2dbl(4.2).should == 4.2
    end

    it "converts a Bignum" do
      @s.rb_num2dbl(2**70).should == (2**70).to_f
    end

    it "converts a Fixnum" do
      @s.rb_num2dbl(5).should == 5.0
    end

    it "calls #to_f to coerce the value" do
      obj = mock("number")
      obj.should_receive(:to_f).and_return(2.0)
      @s.rb_num2dbl(obj).should == 2.0
    end
  end

  describe "NUM2CHR" do
    it "returns the first character of a String" do
      @s.NUM2CHR("Abc").should == 65
    end

    it "returns the least significant byte of an Integer" do
      @s.NUM2CHR(0xa7c).should == 0x07c
    end

    it "returns the least significant byte of a Float converted to an Integer" do
      @s.NUM2CHR(0xa7c.to_f).should == 0x07c
    end

    it "raises a TypeError when passed an empty String" do
      lambda { @s.NUM2CHR("") }.should raise_error(TypeError)
    end
  end

  describe "rb_num_zerodiv" do
    it "raises a RuntimeError" do
      lambda { @s.rb_num_zerodiv() }.should raise_error(ZeroDivisionError, 'divided by 0')
    end
  end

  describe "rb_cmpint" do
    it "returns a Fixnum if passed one" do
      @s.rb_cmpint(1, 2).should == 1
    end

    it "uses > to check if the value is greater than 1" do
      m = mock("number")
      m.should_receive(:>).and_return(true)
      @s.rb_cmpint(m, 4).should == 1
    end

    it "uses < to check if the value is less than 1" do
      m = mock("number")
      m.should_receive(:>).and_return(false)
      m.should_receive(:<).and_return(true)
      @s.rb_cmpint(m, 4).should == -1
    end

    it "returns 0 if < and > are false" do
      m = mock("number")
      m.should_receive(:>).and_return(false)
      m.should_receive(:<).and_return(false)
      @s.rb_cmpint(m, 4).should == 0
    end

    it "raises an ArgumentError when passed nil" do
      lambda {
        @s.rb_cmpint(nil, 4)
      }.should raise_error(ArgumentError)
    end
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


You wouldn't normally see these terms juxtaposed like this, but Dr. Lawrence Yun the economist for NAR, is truly a first-class intellect and a performer! Unlike many economists, weathermen, and other prognosticators, his predictions are always spot-on! If you want to understand the details behind the trends, take in the two hour presentation "Commercial Real Estate 2017".


text:
23rd September, 2015 by
By Melanie Wong
When it comes to mountain biking, Colorado has had a longtime love affair with the sport. But when it comes to having a spot on the map as far as major mountain-biking festivals and industry events, such as the Sea Otter Classic, Crankworx or Interbike, the Centennial State is largely left out — until now, that is.The Outlier Offroad Festival debuts in Vail Friday through Sunday and includes demos from a multitude of brands, a cross-country race, a lift-accessed enduro race and a number of food and cultural events. It is expected to bring in hundreds of racers and follow …


text:
Unmanned Vessels to Assist in Saltwater Intrusion Research
Unmanned Vessels to Assist in Saltwater Intrusion Research - 07/01/2021
Utilizing New Methods to Research Impacts on a Precious Waterway
Seafloor Systems was recently contracted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to develop two custom HydroCat-180 unmanned surface vessels (USVs) that will be used to monitor the impacts of saltwater intrusion from the Pacific Ocean into the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta in California. The subsequent research using the new autonomous vessels will provide new insights into maintaining balance within the complex ecosystem.
The Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, commonly referred to as the California Delta, is the hub of the state's water supply system and a teeming wetland bionetwork (Figure 1). About 500 plant and animal species call the area home, making it one of the largest estuaries in western North America. Two-thirds of California's salmon pass through the delta on their way upstream to spawn, as well as half of the state's migrating waterfowl.
As settlers began to inhabit the area in the mid-nineteenth century, they saw enormous agricultural potential in the natural peat soils, which are rich in nitrates from partly decomposed organic matter. Reclaiming the land for farming meant building dirt levees to prevent periodic flooding of brackish semi-salty waters that could ruin crops. In the process, it disrupted natural habitats.
(Article continues under the figure)
Figure 1: The California Delta is formed at the western edge of the Central Valley by the confluence of the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers and lies just east of where the rivers enter Suisun Bay. (Image Courtesy: USGS)
Many species, including the delta smelt, have experienced habitat loss and detrimental change since farmers began to convert their territory into agricultural lands. In addition to agricultural activity, the man-made California Aqueduct system that transports freshwater to southern California redirects the flow of water from north to south as opposed to the natural west to east direction. Coupled with increasingly common droughts, the flow of fresh water from the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the delta has been reduced, causing significant salinity intrusion.
The growing delta water quality issue provides the impetus for agencies like the USGS to observe and mitigate the effects of saltwater intrusion. On the one hand, California relies on the water arteries for farm irrigation and drinking water. On the other, the fragile habitats of native species are being altered at an alarming rate.
Surveying a Dynamic Environment
The delta is an extremely diverse environment, meaning that traditional hydrographic survey methods struggle to account for the constant change that takes place from one minute to the next. The delta is heavily influence by the Pacific Ocean, taking its cues from the motion of high and low tides. Consequently, the flow rate and water levels can change rapidly in a given day. Pile on the potential for rainfall upstream in the neighbouring Sierra Nevada Mountains and Central Valley, and survey readings can become skewed. From a safety standpoint, sediment and debris can wash down-river, creating potentially hazardous conditions for the use of manned vessels in the delta during the winter and spring months.
Previous survey efforts by the USGS relied on a manned vessel to hold a strict transect across the water, which can often take more than 30 minutes to complete. During this time, the water level can change by more than 10 feet (3 metres), resulting in inconsistent data acquisition. With their new HydroCat-180 USVs (Figure 2), the USGS hopes to cut the data collection time in half, improve the track line by 95%, and significantly increase the accuracy of the resulting water flow and depth model. Personnel will reduce their exposure to risks caused by rainfall and flooding events.
Figure 2: Design blueprints show key features of the HydroCat-180, Seafloor's largest unmanned vessel built to date.
Flow rate and depth data will be collected using an RD Instruments Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP), mounted under the payload deck of the USVs. The two USVs will simultaneously conduct surveys along pre-programmed routes, transferring the task of maintaining a precise track line to Seafloor's AutoNav system (Figure 3). Known in the hydrographic survey industry as 'mowing the lawn', the action of the two vessels traversing the water while emitting high-frequency pulses of sound ensures an adequate amount of data collection. The USGS cannot disclose many of their practices with the new vessels, but the corresponding data will shed light on the intrusion of saltwater into freshwater zones of the delta.
Preserving the Delta for the Future
The landmark contract with the USGS was awarded to Seafloor Systems with a six-month deadline and, despite some supply chain issues caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the vessels were completed and delivered ahead of schedule. Seafloor, which up until now focused their efforts on smaller, calm water vessels, hopes that this application of the two 18ft (6m) HydroCat-180 will expand their reach into the nearshore maritime sector. Located a mere hour's drive from the delta region, Seafloor has a vested interest in protecting the precious natural resources in the region. There is no easy answer to how the state will handle this growing issue, but frequent scientific observation is a key component in taking the next steps. The HydroCat-180 USVs will strengthen efforts to form a symbiotic relationship between a modern society and the natural environment.
Figure 3: Two HydroCat-180 unmanned surface vessels will work in tandem to survey the California Delta.
Latest seafloor article
"Tharp Helped Keep Me Going"
Improved Estimation of Seafloor Dynamics for Optimising Hydrographic Resurvey Planning
Increased-resolution Bathymetry in the Southeast Indian Ocean
The Global Transition to Remote and Autonomous Operations
New Golden Age of Exploration
The Necessity of Raising the Profile of the Hydrographic Profession
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text:
\section{Introduction}
After a long arduous effort, photoluminescence from silicon has been achieved from its
nanocrystalline form~\cite{canham}. A critical debate, however, continues over the nature of the interface chemistry of silicon
nanocrystals (Si-NCs) embedded in amorphous silica which has direct implications on the optical activity of the
interface~\cite{wolkin,puzder,luppi,gatti,vasiliev}. Wolkin \textit{et al.} reported that the oxidation of porous
silicon quantum dots results in a red shift in the photoluminescence (PL) spectra which indicates
the importance of oxygen-related interface bond toplogy~\cite{wolkin}.
Along this line, Puzder and co-workers compared PL calculations of nanoclusters with different passivants and
surface configurations and proposed  the main reason for the red shift to be double Si=O bonds \cite{puzder}.
 Countering this,  Luppi \textit{et al.} reported excitonic luminescence features caused by Si-O-Si bridge bonds
 at the surface of silicon nanoclusters \cite{luppi}. As a supporting evidence for the latter,
Gatti \textit{et al.} recently demonstrated  that Si-O-Si is the most stable isomer configuration
\cite{gatti}. To reconcile, Vasiliev
 \textit{et al.} claimed that bridge bonds and double bonds have similar effect on PL \cite{vasiliev}.

All of the work cited above represent density functional theory (DFT)-based
 calculations with small Si clusters of less than 100 atoms surrounded by either passivants like
hydrogen \cite{puzder,luppi,gatti} or oxygen \cite{wolkin,puzder}.
But actual samples are profoundly different: the
fabricated systems consist of Si-NC with a diameter larger than $1$~nm, embedded in
\textit{amorphous} silica (a-SiO$_2$) matrix. Identifying this fact, Tu and Tersoff studied Si/a-SiO2 interface using a bond order dependent empirical potential and proposed that Si-O-Si bridges are
the main blocks at the interface lowering the surface energy \cite{tersoff}. Using the same model potential
Hadjisavvas \textit{et al.} studied Si-NCs embedded in a-SiO$_2$ and they also reported bridge
bonds as the mechanism for lowering surface strain energy \cite{hadjisavvas_surface}. In our previous work on the formation and structure of Si NCs, we also
observed that this model potential falls short to characterize the system accurately, especially the structure and chemistry at the interface \cite{dundar}. As a rigorous approach to interface structure and dynamics, Pasquarello \textit{et al.} used first-principles
molecular dynamics (MD) technique to investigate planar Si/SiO$_2$ interface \cite{pasquarello_nature}.
They observed that the oxygen atoms
momentarily are bonded to three silicon atoms during oxidation process. The net effect of these threefold
coordinated oxygen atoms during oxidation process was to expel silicon atoms out of interface. This is
interpreted as a balancing process to decrease the increased density of Si/SiO$_2$ interface
due to oxidation \cite{pasquarello_nature}. However, no substantial breakthrough was made over the last decade on this issue.
\section{Method}
In this work, we employ the reactive force field (ReaxFF) model developed by van Duin \textit{et al.}
which improves Brenner's reactive bond order model \cite{brenner} to a level of accuracy and validity
allowing molecular dynamics simulations of the full reaction pathways in bulk~\cite{adri}. The parameters for this force field were obtained from fitting to the results of ab initio calculations on relevant species as well as periodic boundary condition DFT-based calculations of various crystalline polymorphs of relevant materials.
The ReaxFF calculates bond orders which is the measure of bond strength from local geometry. This allows realistic chemical environment such as over/under coordination and bond breaking/formation for large-scale (about 5000 atoms) MD simulations.

To facilitate our discussion regarding the surface-bonded oxygen complexes, we distinguish among
three different types of silicon atoms. We label those silicon atoms with all silicon
neighbors each with zero oxidation state as \textit{c}, to denote core silicon atom.
Among the \textit{remaining} (non-\textit{c}) silicon atoms, those with at least one
bond to \textit{c} are labeled as \textit{s}, denoting as a surface silicon atom. For further investigation of NC, we seperate core Si atoms into two sub-categories as inner-core and outer-core atoms: Among core Si atoms which have at least one surface Si neighbour categorized as outer-core Si atoms and rest of core Si atoms categorized as inner-core Si atoms. Finally,
any other silicon atom is labeled as \textit{m}, denoting matrix silicon atom.
Hence, a complex consisting of an oxygen atom bonded with two surface silicon atoms is
labeled as \textit{ss}. The other oxygen complexes are \textit{sm}, \textit{ssm},
\textit{sss}, \textit{mms} as sketched in Fig.~\ref{fig:abbrevations} where the last
three correspond to three-coordinated oxygen (3cO) atoms.

We use ReaxFF to represent the interactions in the model system. We start with a large simulation cell
(box length $43$~\AA) of silica glass formed
through a melting and quenching process used by one of us \cite{tahir1,tahir2} earlier to study silica glasses earlier. Next, similar
to Hadjisavvas \textit{et al.} \cite{hadjisavvas_surface},
we delete all atoms within a predetermined radius to insert crystalline silicon to form NC.
In this way, we create NCs with radii ranging from $5.5$~\AA~to $16.7$~\AA~. For the largest NC we insert $967$ Si atoms into a spherical hole with radius $16.7$~\AA~created in amorphous matrix. Even for this case, the minimum distance between NC surface to simulation box face is about
$5$~\AA~which can still accommodate the interface layer. We also pay special attention in the removal of spherical region so that the correct stoichiometry for the amorphous matrix is met. Thus, our amorphous matrix has two O atoms for every Si atom with a
density of $2.17$~g/cm$^3$ which is the density of glass at room temperature and atmospheric pressure.

We set periodic boundary conditions in all directions and while keeping NC at 100~K, we employ simulated annealing process to SiO$_2$ region to end up with an amorphous matrix free of artificial strain around the NC. Then we set
whole systems' temperature to room temperature (300~K) and continue performing MD simulation for 75~ps to have thermal
equilibrium between the two regions. We set MD simulation time step to 0.25~fs for all simulations. For every 62.5~fs time interval, we have record the configurations to analyze the transitions
taking place between different bond topologies. The numbers attached to each arrow in
Fig.~\ref{fig:abbrevations} indicate the total number of registered transitions
during the simulation in that direction between the complexes for a representative NC
of radius $13.4$~\AA. Almost balanced rates in opposite directions is an assurance of
the attainment of the steady state in our simulation. Note that we do not observe any
direct transition other than the paths indicated in Fig.~\ref{fig:abbrevations}.
For instance, a direct transition of the complex
\textit{ss} to \textit{sm} does not  take place, but it is possible through an intermediate
transition over the \textit{ssm} which is a 3cO. We
should also remark that the balanced transitions continue to take place after the
steady state is attained which indicates that the interface bond topology is dynamics, i.e. not frozen.

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics{fig1av.eps}
\caption{(Color online)
The transitions between different oxygen complexes bonded to the interface.
Dark green (dark gray) large spheres represent matrix silicon atoms, and the light green (light gray) large spheres represents surface silicon atoms of the NC, small red (dark gray) spheres represent oxygen atoms. The numbers indicate the number of transitions recorded in the simulation in each direction among the
complexes for the NC of radius $13.4$~\AA. }
\label{fig:abbrevations}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics{fig2av.eps}
\caption{(Color online) Radial distribution function of Si atoms in NC. Inset: First peak resembles
Si-Si bond length distribution centered around 2.34~\AA~with 0.3~\AA~FWHM value. Second peak's width resembles bond angle deviation. Inset: Representation of NC surface created with Delaunay Triangulation. Blue dots represents surface silicon atoms.}
\label{fig:rdfncsisi}
\end{figure}
To analyze Si-NC/a-SiO$_2$ interface, we construct NC surface using Delaunay
triangulation scheme (Fig.~\ref{fig:rdfncsisi} inset) \cite{delaunay}.
In two dimensions a Delaunay triangulation of a set of points corresponds to
defining triangles such that no point in the set is inside the
circumcircle of any triangle. In three dimensions triangles extend to
tetrahedra and circumcircles become circumspheres. Since our NCs are
nearly spherical in shape, we triangulate projection points of surface
Si atoms onto the unit sphere. Hence, we apply Delaunay triangulation over the
two dimensional $\theta$-$\phi$ plane. We can then create surfaces using this triangulation.
This surface enables us to calculate every atoms' distance to NC surface.
By this means we plot various data such as charge, bond order etc. with respect to distance
to the surface, to extract information about surface chemistry of Si-NC embedded in amorphous matrix.
\section{Results and Discussions}
For different NC radii we observe similar trends in bond order distribution, average charges etc., therefore, we present
only the figures of the system for a typical NC of radius $13.4$~\AA.
A useful data to elucidate the structure of these systems is the radial distribution function (RDF).
In Fig.~\ref{fig:rdfncsisi} we present RDF of NC atoms only, where the first broad peak centered around 2.34~\AA~with a 0.3~\AA~full width at half maximum value (FWHM), represents Si-Si bond length distribution in NC (Fig.~\ref{fig:rdfncsisi} inset). The maximum extent of the NC can also be
read from same plot at about 27~\AA, where the RDF goes to zero. Observation of a broad first peak at Fig~\ref{fig:rdfncsisi} demands further investigation of Si-Si RDF of NC atoms. For this purpose, in Fig.~\ref{fig:detailedrdf} we present bond length probability distributions (akin to RDF) for three categories of Si atoms: inner core (with no bonds to surface atoms), outer core (bonded to surface) and surface NC atoms. We observe from Fig.~\ref{fig:detailedrdf} that Si-Si bond lengths in the inner core are centered around the equilibrium value and have a narrow width due mainly to thermal vibrations, whereas the bond length distributions of outer core and surface atoms have increasing shift for the most probable bond length values and broader widths. These shifts and particularly the increase in distribution widths cannot be attributed to thermal broadening. Taken together these two observations is a clear indication of increasing strain as a function of distance from the center of the NC.  To further investigate this deviation of Si-Si bonds from crystalline Si, in Fig.~\ref{fig:strain} we present bond length distribution with respect to distance to NC surface averaged over 2~ps of simulation time after the steady state is reached. This figure illustrates the gradual development of radial strain from the center to NC surface.
These observations show clearly that oxidation at the surface of NC results in a tensile strain at Si-Si bonds which becomes significant only around the interface, while keeping the inner core almost unstrained. This tensile strain in the NC agrees with previous measurement of Hofmeister \textit{et al.} \cite{Hofmeister}.

Another consequence of this tensile strain is that the total bond orders of core-NC atoms are somewhat smaller than those of oxide-Si's as seen in Fig.~\ref{fig:panel3}. In the same figure we also show the calculated net charges using electron equilibration method \cite{eem}. Nearly zero net charges of the core-Si atoms reflects the covalent type of bonding well within the NC. The bonding becomes increasingly ionic away from the NC core as observed by the charges of Si atoms which reach the value of 1.3$e$ at the oxide region (Fig.~\ref{fig:panel3}). As a result, the positive charges of surface-Si atoms form a shell at the surface of NC. This observation is similar with those
obtained with DFT calculations \cite{Krollstatsol,Kroll}.
 On the other hand, negative charges of oxygen atoms bonded to surface form another shell that
 enclose NC and finally total average charges approach to zero within the oxide region.
 In Fig.~\ref{fig:panel3} we also observe that the magnitude of average charges of oxygen atoms
which are bonded to surface are greater than those in the matrix. But, the bond orders are nearly
the same. This is due to existence of 3cO atoms bonded to surface.
Note that the average bond order of oxygen atoms which are bonded to surface is about two
(cf., Fig.~\ref{fig:panel3}).
Thus, those oxygen atoms form three partial bonds,
two strong and one weak bond.
Finally, we would like to note that unlike many others~\cite{wolkin,puzder,vasiliev}, we do not
observe any double bonds.
\begin{figure}
\includegraphics{fig3av.eps}
\caption{ (Color online) Bond distance probability distribution of Si atoms in NC. Solid line represents
inner core Si-Si bonds, dashed line outer core Si-Si bonds, and dotted line represents
the surface Si-Si bonds.}
\label{fig:detailedrdf}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}
\includegraphics{fig4av.eps}
\caption{(Color online)  Variation of Si-Si bond length averages (calculated over 1 A wide bins) as a function of distance from the NC surface -which is defined by Delaunay tesselation.  The solid line is a fit to the data to guide the eye.}
\label{fig:strain}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics{fig5av.eps}
\caption{ (Color online) Top: Silicon bond orders (triangles) and charges  (circles) as a function of distance from surface of NC;
Middle: Oxygen bond orders and charges as a function of distance from the surface of NC;
Bottom: Total average charge as a function of distance  from the surface of NC.  The averaging
bin width is 1~\AA.}
\label{fig:panel3}
\end{figure}
\begin{table*}
\caption{Statistical results of atom charges and numbers, $N$, for all NC diameters,
$D_{\mbox{NC}}$  considered.
Abbreviations for atom types are explained in Fig.~\ref{fig:abbrevations}. Charges are in the units of electronic charge
and the angles $\theta$, are in degrees.}
\begin{ruledtabular}
 \begin{tabular}
{cccc ccc cc ccc cc cc c}
 $D_{\mbox{\begin{scriptsize}NC\end{scriptsize}}}$ &$N_c$ &$N_s$&$N_O$
&\multicolumn{3}{c}{\textit{ss}}&\multicolumn{2}{c}{\textit{sm}}&\multicolumn{3}{c}{\textit{ssm}}
&\multicolumn{2}{c}{\textit{sss}}&\multicolumn{2}{c}{\textit{mms}}&\\
(\AA)&&&&$N_{ss}$ &charge&$\theta_{ss}$&$N_{ss}$ &charge
&$N_{ssm}$ &charge&$\theta_{ss}$&$N_{sss}$ &charge&$N_{mms}$ &charge&\\
\cline{5-7}\cline{8-9} \cline{10-12}\cline{13-14}\cline{15-16}
 11.0 &  10  &  25  &  32  &  2 & -0.88  & 169.7 &  24 & -0.76 &  5  & -0.74  &  97.0 &  0 &   ---&  1 & -0.81& \\
 15.4 &  42  &  42  &  59  &  5 & -0.77  & 136.1 &  51 & -0.74 &  1  & -0.73  &  82.7 &  0 &   ---&  2 & -0.77& \\
 18.0 &  83  &  62  &  77  & 11 & -0.82  & 120.5 &  56 & -0.74 &  1  & -0.83  & 141.2 &  0 &   ---&  9 & -0.79& \\
 19.8 & 114  &  76  &  82  & 14 & -0.82  & 139.3 &  49 & -0.73 &  4  & -0.81  & 123.1 &  1 & -0.85& 14 & -0.79& \\
 26.8 & 353  & 143  & 170  & 20 & -0.81  & 118.0 & 123 & -0.74 & 11  & -0.79  & 120.9 &  0 &   ---& 15 & -0.76& \\
 30.8 & 558  & 203  & 243  & 35 & -0.83  & 123.9 & 159 & -0.74 & 10  & -0.80  & 115.9 &  2 & -0.80& 34 & -0.79& \\
 33.4 & 718  & 238  & 268  & 44 & -0.83  & 123.0 & 179 & -0.75 & 18  & -0.80  & 125.7 &  4 & -0.84& 23 & -0.78& \\
 \end{tabular}
\end{ruledtabular}
\label{table:statatom}
\end{table*}
The occurrence of 3cO has been noted by a number of groups. Pasquarello showed that the bistable
$E'_1$ defect of $\alpha$-quartz structure may lead to 3cO as a metastable state as well
as Si-Si dimer bond  and calculated the energy of the former to be higher than the latter.
Pasquarello proposed that 3cO acts as an \textit{intermediate metastable state} during structural
relaxations at the interface \cite{pasquarello_surf}. Similarly Boero \textit{et al.}
observed 3cO atoms in their \textit{ab initio} calculations \cite{boero} and reported
this feature as a metastable state.
 In Table~\ref{table:statatom} we present the collected statistical data at
 the end of the simulation of 75~ps. For all oxygen complexes, the number of
 bridges, average charges of bridge oxygens, and the average bridge
 angles for \textit{s}-O-\textit{s} are tabulated.
 We observe in Table~\ref{table:statatom} that the number of
 \textit{sss} complexes is very small due to narrow bond angle requirement of
 this configuration. For the remaining 3cO complexes, \textit{ssm} and \textit{mms},
 their percentages are seen to increase with curvature.
 This can explain the fact that other studies \cite{pasquarello_surf,boero} which
 have identified the 3cO complexes as metastable were based on the \textit{planar}
 Si/SiO$_2$ interfaces. So, this is an indication of the importance of
 curvature in the stability of 3cO complexes.
 Hence, as one would expect, there is a linear relation between the
 total number of bridges with surface area as indicated in Fig.~\ref{fig:nobridgesr2}. This
 finding is supported by Kroll \textit{et al.} who reported  3 and
 33 such bridges for Si-NC with radii $4.0$~\AA{} and $7.0$~\AA, respectively~\cite{Krollstatsol}.
\begin{figure}
\includegraphics{fig6av.eps
\caption{(Color online) The number of bridges at the Si-NC surface vs radius squared.
The line is a linear fit to data.}
\label{fig:nobridgesr2}
\end{figure}
\section{Conclusions}
In conclusion, the realistic chemical environment provided by reactive force field model
enables us to understand the bond topology of Si-NC/a-SiO$_2$ interface and its internal dynamics.
Particularly, it reveals that there are different types of oxygen complexes at the Si-NC
surface some of which contain 3cO complexes whereas there are no double bonds.
The curvature has a positive effect on the occurence of 3cO.
The relative abundance of different complexes and their charge and geometrical
characteristics are extracted.
The inner core is observed to be almost unstrained while the outer core and the interface region
of the NC are under increasing strain up to about a few per cents.
In general, our work clearly shows that the Si NC-oxide interface
is more complicated than the previously proposed schemes which were based on solely
simple bridge and double bonds.
The provided information here paves the way to construct realistic Monte Carlo moves for the
simulation of large-scale silicon nanostructures embedded in oxide matrix.
\begin{acknowledgments}
This work has been supported by the European FP6 Project SEMINANO with the Contract
No. NMP4 CT2004 505285, by the Turkish Scientific and Technical Council T\"UB\.ITAK with the Project
No. 106T048. The visit of Tahir  \c{C}a\u{g}{\i}n to Bilkent University was facilitated by the
T\"UB\.ITAK B\.IDEB-2221 programme. The computational resources are supplied in
part by T\"{U}B\.ITAK through TR-Grid e-Infrastructure Project.
\end{acknowledgments}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Livestock auction: A lot to like
News, Top Stories
By J Swygart - jswygart@limanews.com
Darrin German, representing the Fort Jennings Showmen 4-H club, was on hand Thursday at the Putnam County Fair livestock auction to bid on animals shown by club members.
J Swygart | The Lima News
Hanna Schroeder uses a vaccuum cleaner to get her grand champion market beef steer ready for auction Thursday at the Putnam County Fair.
Hanna Schroeder, a member of the Columbus Grove Livestock 4-H club, had the grand champion market beef steer at this year's Putnam County Fair.
Jordan Schumaker, a member of the O-G High Risers 4-H club, enters the auction arena with his grand champion market goat during Thursday's Junior Fair livestock auction at the Putnam County Fair. Schumaker's goat sold for $2,000.
Jordan Schumaker poses with his goat, Flash, before entering the auction ring Thursday at the Putnam County Fair.
Bidders competed with each other to bring the top dollar to Junior Fair livestock exhibitors at the Putnam County Fair on Thursday.
OTTAWA — Twelve months removed from a slimmed-down event caused by a nationwide pandemic, the Putnam County Junior Fair livestock auction on Thursday was everything veteran fair-goers have come to expect … and maybe more.
Last year's fair was different than all others before it in myriad ways. The popular livestock auction in 2020 was for the first time held in a single day (in previous years it had been spread out over two days) with only exhibitors, minus their animals, entering the show ring.
Jason Hedrick, the veteran Ohio State University 4-H educator in Putnam County, said there was a lot to like about the single-day format for exhibitors and buyers alike. Some of the changes forced by the pandemic were incorporated this year. The auction began at 8:30 a.m. and continued throughout most of the day Thursday.
"It makes for a long day, but it's a little easier on the buyers to only have to come out once," Hedrick said.
While there were concerns that the pandemic could have a lasting, negative effect on 4-H participation, Hedrick said those fears proved unfounded.
"Our enrollment in the 4-H program is right around 850 kids, the same as it's been for years. That hasn't changed. But the number of overall projects is up and the (livestock) barns are at capacity, which is awesome," Hedrick said.
"The kids came back with a passion and with a lot of excitement."
One of those was Jordan Schumaker. A member of the O-G High Risers 4-H club, Schumaker showed a market goat at the fair in 2019 — his first year as a Junior Fair participant — but sat out last year when COVID-19 gripped the region.
His return to 4-H proved successful when his Boer goat, Flash, walked off with grand champion honors in the market goat competition earlier this week.
Jordan, the son of Brad Schumaker, said he "learned a lot" during his initial venture into the 4-H program. Despite a busy schedule that includes playing baseball for two different teams and assorted school activities, the shy Junior Fair participant said getting Flash — so named because of a stripe running down his head — ready for the fair was an enjoyable experience.
When bidders ran the final sale price for the animal up to $2,000 it became even more fun.
Asked what he would do with the money, Schumaker just shrugged his shoulders. Perhaps use the cash to buy another goat for next year's fair?
"Maybe," he said softly.
At the other end of the spectrum is Hanna Schroeder, a seven-year member of the Columbus Grove Livestock 4-H club. Her family, starting with an older brother, has shown steers at the fair for many years but had never captured the elusive grand champion banner.
Breaking what Schroeder laughingly called the "curse of third-place finishes," Hanna's steer was crowned grand champion market beef earlier this week.
"It's very rewarding," said the daughter of Mike and Wendy Schroeder. "There are a lot of things you miss out on when you have an animal to take care of, but I wouldn't trade it for this."
Bidders took their seats in the show ring Thursday morning as the auction got underway. Representing largely the agri-business community and local lending institutions, bidders looked to get the best bang for their buck while at the same time generously rewarding the youth of their community for a year of hard work.
One bidder, however, didn't mind losing out on a few top bids. Darrin German was representing the Fort Jennings Showmen 4-H club, using money raised at club fundraisers to purchase livestock shown by club members.
"We've got about 65 members and we just try to support all our own kids," German said. "They work hard and put in a lot of hours on their projects. If we get out-bid today, that just means more money for our kids."
https://www.limaohio.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/54/2021/06/web1_Bidder-Darrin-German.jpgDarrin German, representing the Fort Jennings Showmen 4-H club, was on hand Thursday at the Putnam County Fair livestock auction to bid on animals shown by club members. J Swygart | The Lima News
https://www.limaohio.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/54/2021/06/web1_Hanna-in-the-barn-with-steer.jpgHanna Schroeder uses a vaccuum cleaner to get her grand champion market beef steer ready for auction Thursday at the Putnam County Fair. J Swygart | The Lima News
https://www.limaohio.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/54/2021/06/web1_Hanna-Schroeder-grand-champ-market-beef.jpgHanna Schroeder, a member of the Columbus Grove Livestock 4-H club, had the grand champion market beef steer at this year's Putnam County Fair. J Swygart | The Lima News
https://www.limaohio.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/54/2021/06/web1_Jordan-entering-ring-with-goat.jpgJordan Schumaker, a member of the O-G High Risers 4-H club, enters the auction arena with his grand champion market goat during Thursday's Junior Fair livestock auction at the Putnam County Fair. Schumaker's goat sold for $2,000. J Swygart | The Lima News
https://www.limaohio.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/54/2021/06/web1_Jordan-Schumaker-in-barn.jpgJordan Schumaker poses with his goat, Flash, before entering the auction ring Thursday at the Putnam County Fair. J Swygart | The Lima News
https://www.limaohio.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/54/2021/06/web1_Livestock-bidders.jpgBidders competed with each other to bring the top dollar to Junior Fair livestock exhibitors at the Putnam County Fair on Thursday. J Swygart | The Lima News
By J Swygart
jswygart@limanews.com
Hi! A visitor to our site felt the following article might be of interest to you: Livestock auction: A lot to like. Here is a link to that story: https://www.limaohio.com/news/465466/livestock-auction-a-lot-to-like


This triple-treat necklace is from Emma Tallack's Double-Domed Collection. Its simple, organic form will draw you in, especially the intrigue of the three brushed sterling silver discs with hollow, oxidized centers.
This handcrafted and signed Emma Tallack pendant makes its own statement. It is incredibly lightweight and hangs elegantly on a 18-inch sterling silver chain with a sterling silver lobster clasp. The two outside discs are each 1.2 centimeters, and the middle disc measures 1.5 centimeters.


text:
Coronavirus Northern Ireland - Who you can see and where according to new restrictions
You are not allowed to leave your home without a reasonable excuse or face being fined
General view of Belfast city centre as new lockdown restrictions forbid people from leaving home for non-essential reasons (Image: Kelvin Boyes / Press Eye)
Tight new restrictions are now in place in Northern Ireland in a bid to slow the rapid rise in coronavirus cases.
From January 8, it became an offence to leave home for non-essential reasons and people can be ordered home by police.
People can only leave home for a limited number of reasons, which include for medical or food needs, exercise and work that cannot be done from home.
Those found to have breached the rules can be issued with a £200 fixed penalty notice or a fine of up to £5,000 if the case goes to court.
Coronavirus Northern Ireland: Department of Health reports 17 further Covid-19 related deaths
Northern Ireland Covid vaccine: Department of Health stands by second dose delay
People from different households in Northern Ireland are still not allowed to mix indoors but there are some exemptions and ways to meet up with others for exercise.
General view of Belfast city centre on Boxing Day (Image: Kelvin Boyes / Press Eye)
So who can you see and where according to the new restrictions?
Households are not allowed to mix indoors in private homes.
Certain exemptions apply, including:
bubbling with one other household
building or maintenance work
the services of trades or professions (close contact services are not allowed)
providing care or assistance, including social services, to a vulnerable person
giving or receiving legal advice or assistance, or fulfilling a legal obligation
providing emergency or medical assistance to any person
a house move, and to do associated activities for that purpose, including viewing properties and making arrangements for removals
a marriage or civil partnership where one of the couple is terminally ill
Children whose parents do not live in the same household can move between homes as normal.
Change to who you can meet in a private garden
Households are not allowed to mix in private gardens, with the exception of two households that have formed an exclusive bubble with each other.
A maximum of 10 people, including children, can be in a private garden at any one time (an exception applies for households of more than 10 people).
NISRA Covid statistics show over 200 deaths in last two weeks recorded
Transfer Test: Northern Ireland schools begin to opt out of using AQE exam
What way is bubbling working now?
You can form one bubble with one other household.
The two households in the bubble can be of any size, however indoor meetings between households in the bubble are limited to a maximum of 10 people, including children, at any one time.
To contain the risk of spreading the virus, a household cannot be part of more than one bubble.
Therefore, members of the two households within a bubble will not be permitted to have close contact with visitors from a third household. They should maintain social distancing from people outside of their bubble.
If anyone within your bubble develops symptoms, all members of the bubble should self-isolate.
Particular care needs to be taken if any member is regarded as a vulnerable person in terms of the virus, which may include someone who is medically vulnerable.
If a household wishes to change the household that they bubble with, the household must wait 10 days from the last visit of the original linked household before starting a new bubble with another household.
An overnight stay in a private home is not allowed unless it is a member of your bubble.
What about indoor and outdoor gathering?
Up to six people (including children of all ages) from a maximum of two households can meet outdoors, or in non-domestic indoor settings for a permitted reason.
You should maintain social distancing by being at least two metres apart, as well as good hand and respiratory hygiene practices.
You may not organise, operate or take part in an indoor or outdoor gathering which consists of more than six people.
The following exemptions apply:
a gathering in a workplace, if it is not possible to work at home
a gathering to provide emergency or medical assistance to any person
blood donation and vaccine sessions
elite sports (not spectators)
Coronavirus Northern Ireland - Full list of reasonable excuses to leave your home
Northern Ireland Executive ministers urge public to stay home ahead of new restrictions
What about exercise?
When it comes to regulations on exercise, Justice Minister Naomi Long said individuals are allowed to exercise "as many times as they wish" and can do so alone, with their household, or with a linked household where they have one.
You can also exercise with one individual from another household to whom you are not linked.
Naomi Long speak to the Ad Hoc Committee
"The Executive recognises the important part that exercise plays in terms of the physical and mental health of us all and wanted to preserve that opportunity for everyone," she said.
"By allowing people to exercise with another individual outside their linked household, the Executive is providing means by which individuals living alone but not part of a bubbling arrangement can still benefit from social interaction but in a low risk and managed way where social distancing is observed.
"The exercise provision will also uniquely have in guidance that people should not go more than 10 miles from their home to exercise.
"This was a matter which the Executive considered very carefully. In some jurisdictions, steps have been taken to place in law a distance limit within which exercise must be taken. The Executive decided it was not proportionate to go down that route at this stage," she said.
She also told MLAs that what has been seen recently is a risk many people may chose to visit the same place on the same day and therefore inadvertently creating the risk that the virus may be transmitted more widely.
She said this risk is greatest at beauty spots such as seaside locations and parks.
She added that the guidance approach, if followed, will reduce that risk.
What outdoor areas are open?
Outdoor parks, play areas, outdoor areas of properties operated by the National Trust and the outdoor areas of stately homes, historic homes and castles are permitted to remain open.
Community halls are allowed to remain open, but must adhere to current guidelines.
Libraries are allowed to provide 'call and collect' services.
Theatres and concert halls are permitted to open for rehearsals or a live recording without an audience.


text:
COLT VIP
A ladies guide to Tennessee whiskey
What's the difference between Whiskey and Bourbon, anyway?
Highlights from Tennessee bourbon country
Depending on where you grew up, you may not know much about bourbon or whiskey other than knowing it's what your dad drank from his easy chair after a long day, and you weren't to disturb him. Or it was the gift your parents gave your favorite uncle for driving half way across the country for Christmas (Jim Beam).
Prior to this trip, my palate was more inclined to prefer a good syrah over bourbon or whiskey, but just as travel tends to do to a person, I got educated, in a good way.
Traveling from North Carolina across the smoky mountains from Ashville and into Kentucky, you would swear that you stepped into God's country. Taking the back roads, I found thick forests and gurgling streams, and ribbons of limestone-stacked walls, all in picture postcard color. Modest houses with open porches bedecked with rocking chairs and American flags, had decorated mailboxes and John Deere tractor mowers humming from lush fields.
Driving without your head stuck in your phone, gives you a chance to see and feel the pace of the lifestyle out the window.
The southern states know their hospitality. Having designed and owned a few hospitality projects, I know a bit about the subject. In the west, hospitality with few exceptions is just plain customer service. They're "just not that into you." In the south, every person you meet makes an effort to look you in the eye and greet you, smiling broadly. The smile is usually always followed up with conversation. Every 'Y'all' makes you feel good (especially when accompanied with a shot of shine! But, I digress). Even if it's just "a southern thing," this attitude mixed with some good stories over handcrafted whiskey or bourbon, is just about as sexy as hospitality can get y'all.
Tennessee Whiskey History
The history of American whiskey began when the founders of America, Scotch, Irish and German settlers, brought with them the art of distillation from Europe. Whiskey at the most basic level is distilled alcohol produced from fermenting mash of grain or corn. Initially the techniques share similarities with beer. It starts by steeping a mixture of grains in hot water (mash) in large wooden vats. That process triggers the release of natural sugars. The yeast eats the natural sugars and turns it into alcohol. The mash mixture a.k.a. "wort," bubbles and "burbs" at the surface in the large vat, picture as a giant bubbling cauldron of witches brew.
This mash mixture is then put into giant copper stills and heated with steam until the vapor turns to liquid alcohol, which is then extracted into tanks. To make whiskey, the liquid alcohol is then filtered over layers of charcoal to "mellow." This mellowing over charcoal, is the only difference between bourbon and whiskey in Tennessee. Thus, distilling bourbon doesn't include the mellowing process. After the alcohol is mellowed, it is poured directly into wooden barrels to age. At Jack Daniels, the barrels are made out of white oak staves that they've made onsite, then charred to impart a distinct taste to the whiskey. The grains, the distilling method, the taste of the water (a significant factor at the Jack Daniels Distillery, as it is sourced from a prolific underground spring around which, the distillery is founded), the type of wood used in the barrels, along with the temperature in the rick houses (the barn structure where the barrels are stored), give the whiskey it's varying tastes. The changes that occur to the whiskey left in the barrels for a certain length of time is called "aging." When the whiskey in the barrels is done "aging" it is finished. The plug to the barrel is broken, and the whiskey is bottled.
Tennessee Whiskey- an off- shoot of American Whiskey- isn't defined federally in a legal sense like other American whiskey styles.
Check out the Tennessee Whiskey Trial!
Made in the same manner as bourbon (see below) Tennessee whiskey is differentiated by one crucial step: pouring the distilled product through a charcoal filter to remove impurities and mellow the whiskey before barreling.
So What about Bourbon?
Legally, Bourbon, the quintessential American whiskey, must be made with at least 51% Corn, and aged in new white oak barrels, the insides of which have been charred with a torch before being filled for aging. Bourbons cannot have any flavor or color additives. The ingredients are simple: corn, water, wheat or rye, malt and the color effects from the inside of the charred barrel. Typically the aging process is 1½ to two years. Finally, bourbon has to be between 80 and 160 proof. The name Bourbon comes from a French Royal Dynasty and has been distilled in the Kentucky region since European pioneers first settled in the area. Bourbon does not have to be made in Kentucky to be called Bourbon, however, currently, 96% of all bourbon comes from Kentucky.
Yummy Warm weather recipe: 2 oz lemon juice, 1 oz simple syrup, 2 oz. of Jack Daniels Whiskey or Woodford Reserve Bourbon, shaken and strained into a mason 10 oz mason jar filled w/ ice, splash of sprite. Garnish with a lemon wedge.
Brenda Clouston, owner of COLT Bar & Grill in Old Town Cottonwood, Arizona. Interior Designer & Restauranteur.
Colt Grill
@2018 COLT 804 Grill
Old Town Cottonwood


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Law Firms Hold Tight to Their Slots on Annual 'Best Companies' List
Five law firms were included in Fortune magazine's annual "100 Best Companies to Work For" list, the publication announced Tuesday. The firms -- Alston & Bird; Arnold & Porter; Bingham McCutchen; Nixon Peabody; and Perkins Coie -- were the same five firms that made the list last year. This will be Alston & Bird's ninth consecutive year on the list, according to that firm's Web site, and each firm has been on the list for at least three straight years.
Law Firms Hold Tight to Their Slots on Annual 'Best Companies' List law.com Sun, Jan 27, 2008
Bingham McCutchen LLP Nixon Peabody LLP Perkins Coie Arnold & Porter LLP
Nixon Peabody Bingham McCutchen Arnold & Porter Alston & Bird Law Firms Best Companies Perkins Coie


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At 20 months, India's youngest organ donor saves 5 lives in her dying
A 20-month-old baby has become the youngest cadaver donor of India, saving five lives in her death.
The infant, Dhanishtha, is from New Delhi's Rohini. She died from a balcony fall at home and was brought to Sir Ganga Ram Hospital on January 8 in an unconscious state.
She could not be revived but her family's decision to donate all her functional organs has now saved the lives of five patients awaiting organs. The child's heart, liver, and both kidneys and corneas were retrieved successfully at the hospital and used in five patients.
Dhanishtha fell from the first floor of the balcony of her home while playing. She was declared brain dead on January 11.
All her other organs were in excellent condition.
Inspite of the irreparable loss, her parents, Ashish Kumar and Babita, decided to donate Dhanishtha's organs to inspire others to come forward and save lives.
Ashish Kumar said: "During our stay at the hospital, we met many patients who were in dire need of organs. Though we lost our child, our daughter will continue to live, and in the process, improve the quality of life of the needy patients."
DS Rana, chairman, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, said: "This noble act by the family is really praiseworthy and should motivate others. At 0.26 per million, India has the lowest rate of organ donation. On an average, five lakh Indians die every year due to lack of organs."
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Carpet Cleaning Concord, Lafayette, Benicia, Martinez, Pleasant hills, Walnut Creek, Hercule California - Tag Archive for "professional carpet"
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Anyone Can Understand Carpet Cleaning With These Great Tips!
Sometimes, no matter how many precautions you take, your carpet will get stained! It is simply inevitable if you have kids or pets in your home. This article shall provide you with important information on how to find a good company to clean your carpets. TIP! Consider a carpet cleaning company's reputation before hiring them.
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Peter and his family spent Winter/Spring 2018 living in a small coastal surf town of Ecuador called Canoa. While there, Peter was able to write and record some new songs. Here are some videos of the trip, including some of these new songs.