text:
Big Question Citizenship & Identity
Reclaiming Our Right to Self-Determination in Post-Umbrella Hong Kong
October 14, 2016 April 5, 2018 China, Hong Kong, Jeffrey Ngo, Joshua Wong, self-determination
World Policy Journal begins each issue with the Big Question, where we ask a panel of experts to provide insight into the cover theme. The question for the fall 2016 History's Ghosts issue is: What lessons from history keep being forgotten? Below, Joshua Wong and Jeffrey Ngo discuss efforts to reclaim Hong Kong's right to self-determination. Click for additional responses about U.K. refugee policy and U.S. military interventionism.
By Joshua Wong and Jeffrey Ngo
When we were born in Hong Kong during its final years under colonial rule, the fate of our hometown had long been determined: By July 1, 1997, its sovereignty would be transferred to the People's Republic of China. The post-90s generation we belong to has, unlike previous generations, grown up in a changed city—it is no longer a British colony, but a Chinese Special Administrative Region. This arrangement, however, resulted from a series of negotiations between Britain and the PRC behind closed doors, eventually leading to the Sino-British Joint Declaration of 1984. Hong Kongers at the time were absent from the entire process, for Beijing prohibited their participation in any form.
The democracy venture in Hong Kong has its origins in the mid-1980s, when intellectuals, lawyers, and educators—followed by the masses, especially in response to the Tiananmen Square massacre—began to demand a fully democratic legislature and, ultimately, a directly elected government. Over the next three decades, Hong Kongers used all peaceful means possible, from rallies and demonstrations of various scales to street-blocking sit-ins, to try and achieve those very objectives. Unfortunately, even with the Umbrella Movement two years ago—the largest-scale resistance movement on Chinese soil since Tiananmen—success has been negligible. The Chinese communist regime has neglected countless promises and remains oppressive. It still refuses to implement democracy as it is written in the Hong Kong Basic Law, the territory's constitutional document that is supposed to assure universal suffrage, as Article 45 states, "in accordance with the principle of gradual and orderly progress." Hence, the Chief Executive of Hong Kong will, like before, be elected next year by a committee of 1,200 overwhelming dominated by Beijing loyalists and the business sector, which is hardly representative of the city's population of over 7 million.
Many have indeed begun to rethink the ways in which the struggle for freedom and democracy in Hong Kong may proceed in the current post-Umbrella era. It is in this context that we have decided to move our endeavor into a somewhat more peculiar arena—the archives. From leading the fight against the implementation of Moral and National Education in public schools to the battle for genuine universal suffrage, one of us, a prominent student-activist, has been at the forefront of social movements in Hong Kong over the last five years. The other, an aspiring historian, has spent most of his time as an undergraduate and graduate student researching various aspects of Hong Kong's past. Together we strive to investigate the history of our city further, with the intention of finding out how Hong Kongers, as former colonized peoples, came to lose our right to self-determination.
When the United States decided to establish formal diplomatic relations with the PRC under President Richard Nixon, the formerly unrecognized communist country finally gained admittance into the United Nations in 1971. Almost immediately after, as orthodox accounts of Hong Kong's history never mention, the Chinese ambassador to the U.N. urged the Special Committee on Decolonization to remove the Crown Colony of Hong Kong from the List of Non-Self-Governing Territories. This removal effectively stripped our right to self-determination, which would otherwise have been guaranteed by the U.N. Charter. To our surprise, Hong Kongers did not react against the decision, nor did the international media pay much attention to this episode—a blatant violation of the rights of non-self-governing peoples. Given its enduring implications for Hong Kong, we are concerned by the fact that most people have not had the chance to learn about this process from beginning to end.
Little is known about the specific basis for the U.N.'s conclusion that Hong Kong did not qualify as a non-self-governing territory when it was still, by every definition, a colony under British rule. Likewise, little is known about the circumstances that drove Britain to relinquish the rights of Hong Kongers when it had committed to liberating colonized peoples elsewhere. Even the very notion that Hong Kong is "an inalienable part" of the PRC, as Article 1 of the Basic Law declares, is seldom disputed. But given the frequency of territorial changes throughout history—certainly including Chinese history—why must Hong Kong inherently be always a part of China just because it was at one point? How is it possible, moreover, for a territory initially colonized in 1841 to "return" to a nation-state founded more than a century later, in 1949?
Historical knowledge can empower all of us. History is vital to our consciousness of who we are as a society; it enables us to distinguish just from unjust; it hinders any attempts by authorities to distort facts and manipulate the truth. Yet standard history books fail to accurately recount how we were deprived of our right to self-determination and how our sovereignty was subsequently compromised by Sino-British negotiations. It is time, we believe, for us to think beyond merely achieving universal suffrage under Chinese rule, which has been the paramount goal of democracy leaders for the past three decades. It is also time for us to tackle (as rarely before) issues relating to sovereign rights and the legitimacy of our existing constitution. As a British colony, in accordance with the U.N. Charter, we rightfully deserved a referendum with which we could express our stance. That opportunity was wrongly taken away from us.
For too long, Hong Kong has been depicted as little more than a global financial hub. When TIME famously coined the term Nylonkong in 2008 to describe the interconnection of New York, London, and Hong Kong and its importance to 21st century capitalism, it focused chiefly on our city's economic merits. For many Hong Kongers, materialistic pursuits have been the most irrefutable aim in life. We are delighted, however, to observe that Hong Kong is currently in the midst of a transition to a post-materialist age; no longer can we be satisfied merely through money-making. Justice, equality, and autonomy are, along with freedom and democracy, increasingly becoming the core values our generation treasures most.
We are therefore prepared to advance our struggle from the local and national levels to a more global level. We ought to regain Hong Kongers' right to self-determination from the international community so that the people, rather than the authoritarian regime in Beijing, can truly decide our own future.
Joshua Wong is the secretary-general of Demosistō, a political party in Hong Kong that he co-founded earlier this year. He was previously the convener of the student activist group Scholarism. He made international headlines in 2014 as the student leader of the 79-day pro-democracy Umbrella Movement. In addition to his nomination for TIME's 2014 Person of the Year, he was named one of the 25 Most Influential Teens by TIME, one of the World's 50 Greatest Leaders by Fortune, and one of the 100 Leading Global Thinkers by Foreign Policy.
Jeffrey Ngo is an M.A. student of Global Histories in the Draper Interdisciplinary Program in Humanities and Social Thought at New York University. He also completed his undergraduate studies at NYU, with a double major in history and journalism. He is currently writing a thesis on the history of Hong Kong's sovereignty.
[Photo courtesy of Studio Incendo]
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I the past 3-5 days now my Windows XP Home sp3 has slowed "WAY" down. Right now the average bootup time is approximately 4-5 minutes minimum. And, on top of that ... launching and running of most of the applications on my computer are now slowed down. I am considering a "clean install" and just start over; which is most likely the best thing to do. Without getting into the system details and such, I am asking if you can give me some insight into things I can check before I just completely erase everything and start fresh? I really hate these clean install because it takes me 2-4 days just to get everything back on the computer .. especially putting all the MS updates back in. Anyway, thanks.
For starters, open up MSCONFIG and see what is ACTUALLY starting. Some recent install might have put some programs into autostart. These programs will take up memory and could cause swapping, which is what I suspect has happened. Without at least the RAM size you have, hard to tell.
There are other programs you can get too, What's My Computer Doing is a good one (google for it), it will show you what is active. With that info, we can tell more too.
Depending on h/w, that boot time might not be unreasonable. If you are swapping, other stuff isn't unreasonable too.
I assume you have run Malware and virus sweepers and know you are clean as well.
Right now if appears as if the problem, or problems, may be with the XP OS. When I start, or reboot, the transition from the CMOS to the Windows load screen is (or appears to be) ok. The transition time from the beginning of the loading of XP to the Windows start screen and welcome screen is about a minimum of 2 to 3 minutes or more. After finally getting to the desktop everything appears to being working. The main problem is that now launching and running applications is slow. Accessing the Internet and browsing is ok. Does not appear that there is any real slow down. I can boot in SAFE mode with no problem. The boot time here is pretty much about normal. One thing I have noticed, among other things, is that, for example, before this problem I could perform disk defrag or run Acronis for a backup and times were good. The average time to do a full backup with Acronis was about 6-8 minutes. Now it takes over a hour to do the same thing. I think something is causing this extreme slow down within the Windows OS and I just don't know where or what it is. Maybe some file(s) have been corrupted (or changed). I just don't know. I have run virus checks and such .. nothing detected. As for the "What's My Computer Doing", I have SysInternals Process Explorer which I believe is the same thing. I just wish (and there probably is) there was something I could use to TEST or CHECK what the computer is doing at STARTUP or REBOOT. I am considering first to reformat the HDD and use Acronis to restore the last backup to see if that corrects the problem. If not, then I will do a REPAIR using the XP CD. Then, if that doesn't work .... yikes .... "CLEAN INSTALL" !! It used to be that you could do SFC /Scannow. But that is for SP2. I have SP3. I don't think that there is a way to do SFC with SP3 installed. But anyway, that's the plan for now.
You know your system and how it has operated.
Have you installed any new software"
Have you checked your startup programs to see if anyone is causing this slowdown.
Have you run malware and spyware utilities.
Have you changed A/V software?
Here is a workaround for your SP3 if you don't have a disk with SP3 on it.
One thing I'd do is IMAGE what you have now and then restore and older one. No change, put back the present image. If it works better, well, you could get updated files from the new image you just made.
You could get SOLUTO and install it and see the boot times for the various applications and services that get started. Might help find one that take a long time.
This really sounds like swapping is happening, but you didn't say how much RAM you have? Is what you have all being used? Look at the Task Manager Performance tab for that info.
For germ-x .... did that, done that, no changes. Will probably try the SFC link you gave.
I just did a wipe and restore via Acronis. No change ... still slow. I suspect that there is a problem in the Windows OS itself. Maybe a REPAIR or clean install will help resolve the issue.
I don't know anything about "swapping" thing. I have looked at the "performance" and the memory - pages/sec is at an average of 95 percent or greater; even at idle state.
I tried SOLUTO before but that was before I had any problem(s). I may get again and try once more.
As for memory, I have 2gb ram and only 20-25 percent is being used.
I will log off here for now. I will most likely try the suggestions above and see what happens. Changes are I may ultimately end up probably doing a clean install again. Wish me luck.
I'm back and got some update. For anyone following this I have corrected the problem. Just as I thought, it was the Windows XP Home OS causing the problem of very slow booting and slow application running, etc. As to exactly what was messed up I don't know. What I did to correct this is do a REPAIR from the XP CD; not the Recovery Console. Unfortunately however, the XP CD was SP2. So I had to install SP3, IE8, Windows Media 11, the latest DirectX, re-install the missing patches/updates (about 105 of them) and had to restore some of my settings prior to the repair. Before the repair the average boot time was at least 5 minutes or more. Now, after the repair, it's back to "normal" (if there is such a thing) with a boot time average of approximately 1 to 1-1/2 minutes and, no application sluggishness. Two things I need to do next! First .... BACK THIS THING UP !!! Then, attempt to create a customized Windows XP Home CD with SP3, IE8, DirectX (if possible), all the up-to-date patches/updates/fixes; all integrated together on a bootable CD using nLite. I don't need all the apps and stuff. I was really, really, really hoping that I didn't have to do a "clean" install. Thanks to all those who responded to this thread. Happy computing !!


We previously described a monoclonal antibody (Y8-10C2) that binds influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) monomers but not native trimers. In this study, we demonstrated that Y8-10C2 binds to the globular domain of HA and found evidence that its epitope is located at the interface of adjacent subunits. We further showed that at elevated temperatures, the Y8-10C2 epitope is transiently exposed in trimers for antibody binding. Introduction of intrasubunit chemical cross-links into HA reversibly inhibited both Y8-10C2 binding to trimers at elevated temperatures and viral fusion activity, indicating that exposure of the epitope requires the normal conformational flexibility of the molecule. Prolonged incubation of Y8-10C2 with virus at an elevated temperature resulted in neutralization of viral infectivity, allowing selection of neutralization-resistant virus mutants. Mutants were divided into two classes based on a radioimmunoassay in which the virus is attached to polyvinyl: those with reduced affinity for Y8-10C2 or other monoclonal antibodies specific for the globular domain and those with no alteration in their interaction with Y8-10C2 or other antibodies. DNA sequencing of HA genes revealed that the first type of mutants possessed single amino acid substitutions in the Y8-10C2 epitope itself, while remarkably, the second type of mutants possessed single amino acid substitutions in or near the fusion peptide of the HA, which is located in the stem of the HA at a considerable distance from the Y8-10C2 epitope. These findings indicate that the conformational flexibility of the HA affects its antigenicity and that single amino acid substitutions in or near the fusion peptide influence the flexibility of the globular domains.
You are going to email the following Mutations in or near the fusion peptide of the influenza virus hemagglutinin affect an antigenic site in the globular region.


oh, i'm taking a break from dudes for a while. like a "closed for business while we go to cape cod" kind of thing. except minus the fun cape cod part. so more like "closed for business while we assess the inventory, restructure our business, and decide if it's actually feasible to reopen" kind of thing.
i would probably weigh about 7-12 lbs less if they didn't sell these mammoth temptations one floor beneath me. the number of times i've thought "it's just puffed cereal and butter" is getting kind of uncomfortable.


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Aldi's partnership with Instacart enables its entry into the grocery delivery game
Category: #retail By Ojaswita Kutepatil Date: 2017-08-16
Aldi Inc., one of the most reputed supermarket chains in Germany, is reportedly planning to join forces with Instacart, with an aim to offer groceries in three U.S. cities. Aldi's alliance with Instacart is expected to pave the way for the former to battle against the industry behemoth - Amazon.
This move by the German discounter to penetrate the US online retail market, comes amid fierce competition and disruption in the industry. Amazon's recent acquisition of Whole Foods for a valuation of USD 14 billion this year has already sent waves of frenzy in the online grocery industry, initiating the business players to prepare for battle. Whole Foods' close ties with several delivery services has left the U.S. grocers jostling to defend themselves against Amazon's gigantic logistics and shipping network. Aldi, despite being a minor player in the U.S market, has undertaken a bold endeavor by partnering with Instacart, post the delicate situation of startups in the online food market.
Online shopping of groceries is a relatively small part of the retail business, but it is continuing to grow at a very fast pace. As per a reliable report, online grocery spending is anticipated to grow to as much as 20% or more than USD 100 billion over 2016-2025, from a modest 4.3% (USD 20.5 billion) of the total U.S. food and beverage sales in 2015.
Aldi, will soon begin its delivery program by late August in Atlanta, Dalllas, and Los Angeles and is set to expand to more cities in future. With this partnership, customers will be able to purchase groceries online and get them delivered quickly – at most, within one hour. This move gives a clear sign of how intense the competitive landscape of the overall grocery market is.
For the uninitiated, Aldi penetrated the U.S. market around 40 years ago, and has now built a chain of 1700 stores in 35 states. In addition to this, it is now planning to invest over USD 5 billion and consolidate its position as the third-largest US grocer. Besides, Aldi is also expected to have the lowest product prices and is renowned to introduce discounts and in-house brands to attract the price-sensitive customers.
The partnership of Aldi and Instacart will allow the customers to order goods from Aldi's stores, using Instacart's mobile app or website. Instacart touts itself as a same-day grocery delivery service provider and has expanded its partnerships with Publix, Wegmans, and Ahold Delhaize in a bid to bring more U.S. consumers into the company's orbit. Other US retailers who have secured their strings with Instacart include Costco Wholesale Corp., Whole Foods Market Inc., and Target Corp.
Ojaswita Kutepatil
Ojaswita Kutepatil, a mechanical engineer by qualification, presently develops content for Market Size Forecasters, Algosonline, and other similar platforms. Having had a prior experience in Business Development and Technical Engineering, she now pens down articles pe...
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text:
The Way International
Founder(s)
Victor Paul Wierwille
New Knoxville, Ohio, U.S.
October 3, 1942 [1]
Vesper Chimes radio program[2]
Rosalie F. Rivenbark, Chairman of the Board
Jean-Yves De Lisle, Director
Robert McCulloch, Director
John Rupp, Director
Greg Shaffer, Director
Biblical Research, Teaching, and Fellowship
http://www.theway.org
The Way International is a non denominational Christian ministry based in New Knoxville, Ohio, with home fellowships located in the United States and in over 30 other countries.[3] It was founded by Victor Paul Wierwille in 1942 as a radio program, and became The Chimes Hour Youth Caravan in 1947,[4] and The Way, Inc., in 1955. The ministry distributes works such as The Way Magazine through its publishing company, the American Christian Press, and has developed classes and other programs in several languages. It formed The Way Corps in 1970, a leadership training program, which continues today. The Way actively offers classes in biblical studies to its followers, highlighting The Way of Abundance and Power class series.
The Way promotes itself as a Biblical research, teaching, and fellowship ministry, providing service and direction on how to understand the bible so people can apply it and manifest the more abundant life.[5]
The Way has received criticism for some of its internal policies, including a practice known as "Mark and Avoid" which instructs followers to avoid individuals whose practices cause division and offences to the doctrine (Romans 16:17), and for its belief and promotion of living debt-free. Due to these and other practices, the ministry came under scrutiny as an alleged cult.[citation needed]
In 2000, the president of The Way, Craig Martindale, resigned following allegations of sexual misconduct.[6] Rosalie F. Rivenbark now heads the organization along with 4 other members on the board of directors.
1.1 Radio ministry
1.2 Power For Abundant Living
1.3 Beginnings of The Way
1.4 Membership growth
1.5 "Passing the mantle"
2.1 Organization
2.4 Board of Trustees
2.5 Board of Directors and Officers
3.1 The Way Corps
3.1.2 Graduation
3.1.3 Ordination and clergy
3.1.4 Dismissal from Way Corps
3.2 The College Division
3.3 Rock of Ages
3.4 Whitby Mansion
5 Beliefs and doctrines
6 Controversial practices
6.1 Mark and avoid
6.2 Debt
7 Splinter groups
8 Criticism and cult allegations
8.1 Plagiarism charges
On October 3, 1942, Victor Paul Wierwille began a live radio program dubbed "Vesper Chimes." Wierwille assembled a group of youth to help him from local churches. The program was broadcast from WLOK in Lima, Ohio, where the youth would sing and perform alongside Wierwille's sermons that included incidents and "principles of the abundant life." Vesper Chimes began broadcasting directly from St. Jacob's in 1943 as a supplement to their church. Soon afterwards, the program was renamed "The Chimes Hour Youth Caravan." Wierwille's published his first book, Victory Through Christ in 1945, compiling his radio sermons addressed to young people. In 1947, The Chimes Hour Youth Caravan incorporated and Wierwille was named President alongside a board of directors. That year, The Way: The Chimes Hour Young People's Publication began publishing writings by young people associated with the radio program each month. Starting in 1948, Wierwille began broadcasting every morning in addition to the regular program. Nearly ten years following the first broadcast, "The Van Wert Gospel Gift Shop and Multigraph Printing and Publishing Co." opened for business and released the first issue of The Way Magazine.[7] The Chimes Hour Youth Caravan continued to have radio and public performances until April 1953, at which time the Nielson ratings showed that 70,000 homes were tuned in on Sundays, broadcasting over radio station WLW, Cincinnati.[8] Wierwille continued to broadcast his meditations over WIMA (formerly WLOK), Lima, WONW, Defiance, and WRFD, Worthington until 1955.[9]
Power For Abundant Living
In October 1953, Wierwille began teaching his first class, called "Receiving the Holy Spirit Today", which he based on a series he attended earlier that year in Calgary, Alberta. He received some criticism for drawing heavily on B. G. Leonard's "Gifts of the Spirit" class, and soon changed the name to "Power for Abundant Living". The class was initially taught live, with Wierwille traveling to each location personally. In 1967, the Foundational and Intermediate classes were filmed, and classes began to be run without Wierwille's presence. Weirwille continued teaching an advanced class in New Knoxville until filmed versions were put together in the late 1970s.
Beginnings of The Way
Wierwille incorporated under the name "The Way" in 1955, and resigned employment in the Evangelical and Reformed Church in 1957. He initially held meetings in his own home, and later constructed the Ecumenical Biblical Research Center on his family's farm in 1961, establishing it as his ministry's headquarters. Wierwille continued to teach Power for Abundant Living, and held additional seminars each summer for specialized classes. Wierwille recruited a board of directors from his former graduates, but disbanded it in the late 1950s. Wierwille explained his decision to disband the board in a later book, saying that the board was not supporting him in his decisions and it was not their purpose to argue with him, but to support his decisions. From then on, The Way was run by a board of Trustees headed by Wierwille as President, Ermal Owens as Vice President, and Wierwille's brother Harry Ernst Wierwille as secretary-treasurer.
Membership growth
The Way's membership grew in the late 1960s and early 1970s. In January 1968, Wierwille's visited San Francisco to meet with another ministry to promote his classes. Some of the groups he met with later incorporated, becoming The Way East (based in Rye, New York) and The Way West (based in San Francisco, CA). Wierwille also recruited a number of new members on his trip, marking a period of large growth for his ministry.[10]
In 1970, Wierwille began an outreach program entitled "Word Over the World" to draw renewed interest in his ministry. WOW ambassadors volunteered for one year to preach and recruit new students. These ambassadors were required to find part-time work and spend time witnessing for a set number of hours each week. Ambassadors were organized into "families" of four, and were typically sent out in "branches" of two to seven families. In some years, cities designated as "Outreach Cities" were sent hundreds of ambassadors at a time. Growth continued into the late 1980s, particularly in the United States, Europe, South America and Africa. WOW festivals modeled after the Rock of Ages, and were held in Great Britain, several South American countries and in Zaire. The program was discontinued in 1995 and replaced a year later by a six-month "Way Disciples Outreach Program."
"Passing the mantle"
In 1982 Wierwille installed L. Craig Martindale as President and accepted the title President Emeritus. Martindale had joined The Way in 1971 while a student at the University of Kansas. He served as head of the Way Corps Director from 1977 to 2000 (retaining that position while President). An elaborate ceremony accompanied Martindale's installation as President, including a passing of a literal mantle representing Wierwille's authority passing to Martindale.
After Wierwille died on May 20, 1985 of hepatocellular carcinoma and melanoma, a period of disagreement developed between Martindale and some of the organization's other leaders and followers, lasting until the early 1990s, along with a general decline in numbers. (See section below on "Splinter Groups")
In 2000, Martindale's term as president was ended following allegations of sexual misconduct[11] and Rev. Rosalie F. Rivenbark replaced him. The Board is now called the Board of Directors, consisting of five directors, with Rivenbark as Chairman of the Board.
Main entrance to the Prevailing Word Auditorium, a 1,400-seat Teaching Center which holds Sunday teaching services, conferences and performances.[12]
The Way International headquarters is located in New Knoxville, Ohio, and presently they also own and operate Camp Gunnison—The Way Household Ranch in Gunnison, Colorado.[13] The Way is organized into branches located in the United States and in over 30 other countries,[3] generally consisting of several household fellowships. The Way focuses on these fellowships as a basic organizational unit. Meetings are run in each home by fellowship coordinators who have completed The Way of Abundance and Power class series. The Way International claims no official membership other than the Board of Directors; individuals who participate in fellowships are referred to as "followers of the way," or "believers."
The Way offers three sequential classes covering the beliefs of the organization. The Foundational and Intermediate classes are required prior to taking any other classes. To qualify for the Advanced class, which is held specially in Ohio each summer, a student must first complete the Foundational and Intermediate classes twice, in addition to "Defeating the Adversary".
The Foundational Class on The Way of Abundance and Power
The Intermediate Class on The Way of Abundance and Power
The Advanced Class on The Way of Abundance and Power
Defeating the Adversary
Living God's Word as a Family
Practical Keys to Biblical Research
Witnessing and Undersheperding
The Renewed Mind: The Key to Power
For many years, The Way offered a three-part "Power for Abundant Living" class, taught live by Wierwille beginning in 1953. This class was offered in video and audio tape form from 1968 until it was replaced in 1995 by Martindale's class "The Way of Abundance and Power," which was restructured and re-filmed in 2006.[14]
As founder of The Way, Victor Paul Wierwille served as the organization's principal leader from 1942 to 1982. In 1947, The Chimes Hour Youth Caravan incorporated as a nonprofit religious organization with Wierwille serving as president aside a Board of Directors. The name of the corporation officially changed from The Chimes Hour Youth Caravan to The Way in 1955. The Board of Directors was discontinued in the 1970s, and in 1982, during The Way's fortieth anniversary celebration, Wierwille installed L. Craig Martindale as his succeeding president. Until his death in 1985, Wierwille held the title President Emeritus. Martindale served as The Way's President between 1982 and 2000, and was replaced by the former Vice President, Rosalie F. Rivenbark, following allegations of sexual misconduct.
From 1956 to 2001, The Way operated with a Board of Trustees, namely the offices of president, vice president, and secretary-treasurer. The original Board of Trustees was, Victor Wierwille, president, Ermal Owens, vice president, and Harry Wierville (Wierville's brother), secretary-treasurer. In 1977, the vice president and secretary-treasurer positions were filled by Wierwille's son, Donald Wierwille, and Howard Allen respectively. Victor Wierwille continued to hold his position until Martindale became President in 1982. In 1996, Rivenbark was appointed vice president and in 2000 she succeeded Martindale as president. Other served as Trustees for shorter terms.
Board of Directors and Officers
In 2001, to conform with Ohio state law, the Board of Trustees became known as the Board of Directors. Since that time, others have served on the Board of Directors fulfilling shorter terms than the original Trustees. Currently, The Way also functions with Senior Officers and Junior Officers.
The Way Corps
In 1970 Wierwille formalized his selection and training of ministry leaders by starting "The Way Corps". The inspiration for the term "Way Corps" came from his admiration for the United States Marine Corps. The Way Corp's motto is "It Is Written," and the The Way's website currently describes the program as "Leadership training for Advanced Class graduates who have a heart's desire and passion to function as ministers of the Lord Jesus Christ." [15]
Prior to the First Corps, which began training in 1970, Wierwille invited a group of Way followers to New Knoxville for training and teaching. He disbanded the group for reasons which were never made public, other than a statement in The Way: Living in Love that they "couldn't get it together among themselves," and that Wierwille "gave them the privilege to leave" [16] In later years, this group was referred to as "The Zero Corps." (Groups who trained and graduated from the program together were at one time referred to "First Corps," "Second Corps," etc., referring to the order in which they graduated.)
Originally, the Way Corps was a 2-year program, with both years of training in-residence, participants living and working at Way International Headquarters in New Knoxville, Ohio. After a few years, a third year of training, called an "interim" year, was inserted between the 2 years, in which The Way Corps student was given a one year assignment before completing training (the Family Corps, a Way Corps program for families that included children, usually had this year tacked onto the end and was called a "practicum" year). Eventually, a fourth year of training, called an apprentice year, was added before the on-campus training during which a prospect was expected to meet certain requirements, including raising tuition and sponsorship.
As currently constituted, The Way Corps training consists of a preparatory year called the "Candidacy Year," followed by an "Apprentice Year," when the prospect leads a group of Way Disciples, and then two years of in-residency training at The Way International's headquarters in New Knoxville, Ohio, and at Camp Gunnison—The Way Household Ranch in Gunnison, Colorado.
After completing the Advanced class, a follower may apply for enrollment. Before one can enter the program, however, the local leadership approves the applicant's entrance. Sponsorship requirements, as well as class prerequisites, change from time to time.
Upon completion of the four-year curriculum, graduates receive an non-accredited degree in theology. The graduating Way Corps can be sent out to different states or countries to coordinate Branches or fulfill other assigned responsibilities, or remain at Headquarters or Gunnison as staff. Way Corps duties include providing spiritual leadership at all levels and carrying out decisions made by the Board of Directors. Way Corps promotional materials mention "A Lifetime of Christian Service."
Ordination and clergy
The Way has ordained Way Corps graduates over the years, and both men and women serve as clergy. Neither graduation from the Way Corps nor accepting a high leadership position guarantee ordination. At times state or region coordinators, and even members of the Board of Trustees have been laymen, while clergymen and women have served as fellowship coordinators, or without official responsibility whatsoever.
Dismissal from Way Corps
A member may be dropped from being Way Corps at any time without prior notice, although in recent years this practice has become uncommon. A policy titled Mark and Avoid was a major contributor to Way Corps discharge.[citation needed]
The College Division
The College Division program housed students in Emporia, KS, alongside Way Corps, for one year and two year programs. First-year classes included Beginning Greek, Harmony of the Gospels, and Old Testament History, while second-year classes included Aramaic, Hebrew, Advanced Greek, and Biblical research project. Classes were held during the day in addition to required fellowships. The College Division was sometimes invited to collaborate with the Way Corps in events such as the LEAD camping program or lessons in public speaking. The College Division had fewer participants than Way Corps or WOWs (varying in number from a handful to several dozen), but the College Division was considered more prestigious than other groups.
A yearly gathering of Way followers in New Knoxville, Ohio, known as "The Rock of Ages Festival," was a popular Way event from 1970 until 1995, when it was discontinued. One of the purposes of the festival was to welcome home returning WOW Ambassadors and to send out a new group on their yearly assignment. Some regional groups (states are known as "Limbs") now hold annual meetings instead. According to Way Corps conferences, one reason for the termination of the festival was the suspected teenage sexual relations on campus grounds.[17] The Rock of Ages typically had between 5,000 and 20,000 in attendance, with an international representation of Way followers.
Whitby Mansion
At one time, The Way maintained a historical archive at Sidney, located in the building now known as the "Whitby Mansion." As well as historic documents, the mansion also housed a collection of artworks.[18]
The Way published a three-volume interlinear version of the Syriac New Testament Bible in 1988, after a 15-year effort by The Way International Biblical Research Team.[19] The Way Biblical Research team cataloged 600 Aramaic manuscripts to compile their New Testament text and lexical aids.[20] This was the first printed edition of the Estrangelo script Aramaic New Testament.
Victor Paul Wierwille became associated in 1957 with Aramaic Bible scholar George M. Lamsa,[21] and Lamsa finished his translating the Lamsa Bible in Wierwille's home.[22] Lamsa and Wierwille produced the first American Aramaic New Testament in 1960.[22]
Aramaic Publications:
Aramaic-English Interlinear New Testament – 1988
Volume 1 Matthew – John
Volume 2 Acts – Philemon
Volume 3 Hebrews – Revelation
The Concordance to the Peshitta Version of the Aramaic New Testament − 1985
The English Dictionary Supplement to the Concordance to the Peshitta Version of the Aramaic New Testament – 1985
The Aramaic New Testament Estangelo Script – 1983
Beliefs and doctrines
Students are encouraged to follow a list of biblical research principles, instructing that the Bible should be taken literally wherever possible, and where this is not possible, it should be assumed that the language is figurative. The Way encourages its followers to study their publications before beginning any personal research on a subject. In his book Order My Steps in Thy Word, Wierwille asserts that God designed the universe to support the Earth and the Earth to support his children who could love God in return.
The Way rejects the Trinity, and teaches that, unlike God, Jesus is not omniscient, omnipotent, or omnipresent. According to their ministry, Jesus did not exist before his birth except in the foreknowledge of God. The Way teaches that at his birth, God created the sperm to fertilize Mary's ovum, and is the literal father of Jesus. Wierwille writes in his book, "Receiving the Holy Spirit Today", that the Holy Spirit is a reference to God, rather than a separate entity or person. He contrasts this term with the "holy spirit" (lower case), which he believes is a reference to a divine gift from God.[23] Wierwille claims that English translators of the Bible missed this distinction, and that Greek manuscripts were written in uncial script, which further confused the subject. The Way teaches that there are nine manifestations of the holy spirit and every born again Christian can inherently operate all nine. The list is derived from I Corinthians 12:7–10 (King James Version). Speaking in tongues, he claims, energizes the "effectual operation" of the other eight manifestations. According to Wierwille, speaking in tongues has numerous benefits for a believer.
The Way claims that there were four people crucified with Jesus, rejecting the standard interpretation which holds that there were two. Wierwille writes that different Greek words were used for those crucified with Jesus in the different Gospel accounts, as well as discrepancies in timing, statements, and actions of the characters in the narrative. Two malefactors (kakourgoi) were initially led and crucified with Jesus in Luke 23:32, then two robbers (lestai) were later crucified after his accusation was fastened in Matthew 27:38. Accordingly, two others were crucified on both sides of Jesus for a total of four. Additionally, they hold that the cross upon which Jesus was crucified was not the traditional t-shaped cross, but rather a stake or the trunk of a tree.[24][25] The Way maintains that Jesus did not carry his cross for any distance. Rather, after leaving the judgment hall, the soldiers immediately compelled Simon of Cyrene to bear the cross all the way to Calvary per the three Gospel accounts in Matthew 27:32, Mark 15:21 and Luke 23:26. The one account in John 19:17 which states "And he bearing his cross...", Wierwille believes refers to Jesus's spiritual bearing of sin.[26] Wierwille also preaches that the "thorn in the flesh" in 2 Corinthians 12:7 is individuals sent by Satan to disrupt the apostle Paul's ministry, not an illness as it is commonly interpreted.
The Way teaches that the dead do not immediately go to heaven or hell, rather death is a continuing state which will end at the tribulation.[27][28] Wierwille also writes that the unsaved simply "die a second and final death." Way followers reject baptism, holding that it wasn't intended as a continuing practice after Pentecost, and that it applied only to Israel.[29] Wierwille further teaches that once a person is born again, they receive holy spirit and cannot lose it through any sinful acts.[30]
The Way teaches that tithing 10% of one's net income to the church is a minimum requirement. Additional giving is called "abundant sharing", and "plurality giving" refers to giving away all money which isn't essential to live. Wierwille included his booklet on abundant sharing, Christians Should Be Prosperous, in his Foundational Class materials. Martindale frequently promoted increasing one's proportion of giving in Sunday teachings.
In his class Christian Family and Sex, Wierwille teaches that the original sin was masturbation. He compares the tree of life to verses where people were figuratively referred to as trees, and the fruit of the tree of knowledge with the human genitalia. In the Foundational Class on The Way of Abundance and Power, Martindale expands on this doctrine, concluding that virtually every word in Genesis 3:6 has a sexual connotation. Influenced by his belief that homosexuality was the lowest degradation of sexuality, he teaches that the original sin of mankind was Eve having lesbian sex with the Devil, who had "come into concretion" in the form of a beautiful woman.
Controversial practices
Mark and avoid
"Mark and Avoid" is a term for a form of shunning involving the separation of certain people from the main body of followers in the Way. The term is derived from the Biblical passage Romans 16:17 (King James Version)
(17) Now I beseech you, brethren, mark them which cause divisions and offenses contrary to the doctrine which ye have learned; and avoid them.
This practice is reportedly used when, according to the judgment of the Board of Directors of The Way International, a person has met the criteria of Romans 16:17 which would warrant separation from fellowships in The Way. In recent years, usage of the Mark and Avoid system has declined. "Spiritual Probation" was an intermediate step introduced by Martindale in which a follower was prohibited from direct involvement with the fellowship group for a set period of time, usually six months. When certain criteria were met, the follower was allowed back into full participation in Way activities. Generally, a letter to a high level coordinator was required, outlining the steps to be taken by the follower to ensure the "error" was corrected and they were back "in fellowship."[citation needed]
In the mid-nineties The Way began to teach extensively on debt, taking a position that God's will was for a believer to have no debt, including car loans and mortgages citing Proverbs 22:7: "The borrower is servant to the lender" and Romans 13:8: "Owe no man any thing." Eventually it became a requirement for all active Way Corps to be debt-free. A prerequisite for enrollment in the Advanced Class on the Way of Abundance and Power and various "Advanced Class Specials" was that the student be debt-free. Participants in fellowships were encouraged to get or stay out of debt.
Splinter groups
By the early 1990s, following the 1982 retirement of Wierwille and his death in 1985, a number of splinter groups had formed from the main body of The Way.
Christian Family Fellowships
The American Fellowship Services
Christian Biblical Counsel (renamed Living Hope in 2005)
Great Lakes Fellowship
Pacific West Fellowship
Spirit & Truth Fellowship International (also Christian Educational Services, 2005)
The Foundation of Life (2008)
Living Truth Fellowship (2009)
Philadelphia Bible Teaching Fellowship
Outreach of God's Word (Newark, DE)
The formation of splinter groups took place in the wake of actions by L. Craig Martindale after his appointment to replace Wierwille, including the implementation of new rules and beliefs, and the dissension among its leadership when Chris Geer initially read the authored 40,000 word document titled "The Passing of the Patriarch" to the Trustee leadership and Way headquarters staff. In it, Geer claimed that Wierwille, during his final weeks, revealed observations, concerns and recommendations regarding the unbiblical direction of The Way and the lack of Biblical leadership by Martindale. The document was later read to The Way Corps who disseminated the information throughout The Way.
The splinter groups' presence as organizations became significant in 1989, when L. Craig Martindale fired all Way staff-including local "branch," "territory," "limb" and "region" leaders who did not sign an "oath of allegiance" document to him. Martindale demanded that Way leaders declare openly whether they were supporting him or Geer as titular leader of The Way. Many leaders, as well as followers, saw this demand as unbiblical and withdrew voluntarily from association from The Way. Others, including those who did not choose sides, were dismissed. Shortly afterwards, Martindale sent a letter to all members announcing the firings. In the aftermath, according to figures cited by Martindale at the 1994 Word in Business and Profession Conference in Dallas, Texas, approximately 80% of the membership at the time had left The Way either by their own decision or by being dismissed. Large numbers of ex-Way followers formed the foundation of the splinter groups.
In recent years, since Martindale stepped down from president and left The Way, administrative authority and decision making has been spread across a larger base of leaders, checks and balances.
Criticism and cult allegations
Some groups have considered The Way's beliefs, viewed as heretical by a number of denominations, to be evidence of cult status.[31][32] There have also been some accusations about The Way's supposed history of sexual abuse,[citation needed] excessive control over members' lives, and brainwashing [33] The anti-cult movement (ACM) attempts to raise public consciousness of what they feel are the dangers of cult membership. They view a cult as a religious or other group that uses deceptive recruitment techniques to lure new members into the organization, and then subjects them to sophisticated mind-control techniques to reduce their ability to think and act individually (brainwashing).
Given The Way's high-intensity nature, in the 1970s, there were some instances of family members, who weren't a part of The Way, hiring deprogrammers to illegally abduct their loved one because they believed exposure to these doctrines or the followers was harmful. According to the Counter Cult Movement's (CCM) definition of a cult, The Way International would qualify. Note that this organization identifies a cult as being "basically Christian, but one which also holds some heretical beliefs." They define Heresy as "any deviation from the tenets of the historical Protestant Christian faith." According to CCM's diagnosis, Mormons, Roman Catholics, the Unification Church, United Churches, and hundreds of other new religious groups would also fall within the CCM's definition of being a "cult".
According to Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance (OCRT) "It appears that The Way operates like most high-intensity religious groups: their followers enter the organization because they perceive it to offer positive value to their life. If and when it becomes negative, they drift away."
Plagiarism charges
Side-by-side comparisons of some of Wierwille's earlier books (Power for Abundant Living, Receiving the Holy Spirit Today and the Studies in Abundant Living Series) with previously-published works by other authors, including J.E. Stiles and E.W. Bullinger, show instances of verbatim copying, indicating plagiarism.[34] J.E. Stiles and B.G. Leonard, other authors whom Wierwille was said to have borrowed from, are mentioned by Wierwille at various times, but not credited as sources in any of Wierwille's publications.
Wierwille's later books published in the late 1970s and 80s are properly footnoted and credit sources, such as Jesus Christ Is Not God, Jesus Christ Our Passover, and Jesus Christ Our Promised Seed, while earlier books , such as Power for Abundant Living, Receiving the Holy Spirit Today, and the Studies in Abundant Living Series are not.
American Christian Press — The Way International's publishing organization
Victor Paul Wierwille — The Way International's founding President
Way Productions — The Way International's musical performers
The Way College of Biblical Research - Indiana Campus
^ "Encyclopedia of American Religions" (Seventh edition) by J. Gordon Melton. (2003) p608.
^ "The A to Z of new religious movements" by George D. Chryssides. (2006) p347.
^ a b "The Way International - About Us". http://www.theway.org/topic.php?page=about. Retrieved March 21, 2011.
^ "Encyclopedia of Evangelicalism" by Randall Herbert Balmer. (2004) p622.
^ "The Way International - About Us." www.theway.org http://www.theway.org/topic.php?page=about&lang=en
^ William, Laney (2000-11-07). "The Way International reaches settlement with couple". Wapakoneta Daily News.
^ Born Again to Serve, by Dorothea Wierwille. American Christian Press. 1996. ISBN 0-910068-79-8, pp. 85,86
^ Born Again to Serve, p. 89
^ The Way Magazine, February 1955. American Christian Press.
^ "Encyclopedia of Evangelicalism" by Randall Herbert Balmer. (2004) "The Way International" page 623."
^ Prevailing Word Auditorium flyer, 2011.
^ "The Way International - What's Available."www.theway.org
^ 1953: Born Again to Serve, p.99; 1968: The Teacher, p.13; 1995: The Way Magazine, March/April 1996, p.22
^ TWI Way Corps.
^ "The Way: Living in Love by Elena Whiteside p235",
^ GreaseSpot Cafe Way Corps Notes
^ ISBN 040309982X Owen, Lorrie K., ed. Dictionary of Ohio Historic Places. Vol. 2. St. Clair Shores: Somerset, 1999, 1276.
^ The State of Assyria – Atour.com – lexicon help page Credits.
^ "The Aramaic New Testament Estrangelo Script. American Christian Press. 1983. p9"
^ a b "The Aramaic-English New Testament. American Christian Press. 1988. p7"
^ W.R.I. – (World Religions Index): The Way International – "Holy Spirit"
^ "Jesus Christ Our Passover by Victor Paul Wierwille p272"
^ Fundamentals of Greek Research. Cummins, Walter. American Christian Press
^ "Studies in Abundant Living: The Word's Way by Victor Paul Wierwille p251"
^ "ISBN 0-910068-40-2 Are the Dead alive Now? by Victor Paul Wierwille p5"
^ W.R.I. – (World Religions Index): The Way International – "Retribution"
^ "ISBN 0-910068-49-6 Receiving the Holy Spirit Today. American Christian Press. p121"
^ W.R.I. – (World Religions Index): The Way International – "Redemption & Salvation"
^ Melton, J. Gordon (1996). The Encyclopedia of American Religions (5th edition ed.). Detroit: Michigan: Gale Research. ISBN 0-8103-7714-4. , as cited at http://religiousmovements.lib.virginia.edu/nrms/wayintl.html.
^ Mary, Hargrove (1995-10-15). "The Way: After a family breaks up, questions arise about the group". Arkansas Democrat-Gazette. http://www.ardemgaz.com/prev/way/11.asp. Retrieved 2006-07-02.
^ GreaseSpot Cafe
The Way International – Official website
Greasespot Cafe – Website maintained by ex-followers. Copies of primary source documents available.
The Family Tables – Website maintained by a current follower.
The Cult That Snapped - A Journey Into The Way International - Contains excerpts and photos from the book "The Cult That Snapped" by Karl Kahler.
Eternally Blessed – Supportive profile of founder Victor Paul Wierwille.
About The Way International- Documents, history, critique and criticisms cataloged by Dr. John Juedes on behalf of Messiah Lutheran Church.
That You May Know – Audio CDs of founder Victor Paul Wierwille.
Ex-Way Ministries - Partial list of splinter groups with links.
Christian denominations founded in the United States
Religious organizations established in 1942
Ontario municipal elections, 2003
The Way International — ist eine von Victor Paul Wierwille (1916–1985) gegründete nichttrinitarische christliche Organisation, deren Lehre neben eigenen Elementen verschiedene andere Traditionen beinhaltet. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Verbreitung 2 Lehre 3 Gottesdienst und… … Deutsch Wikipedia
The Way — may refer to a spiritual path: * An early term for early Christianity (see also The Two Ways) * The Way of the Cross, a Catholic devotion to the Passion of Christ. * The Way (church) (Japanese: 道会, michikai ), a Japanese movement founded by… … Wikipedia
The Way Things Go — Directed by Peter Fischli and David Weiss Written by Peter Fischli and David Weiss Release date(s) 1987 Running time … Wikipedia
The Way of the Exploding Fist — ist ein Beat em up, das 1985 von Beam Software entwickelt und von Melbourne House veröffentlicht wurde. Das Spiel war für verschiedene Plattformen erhältlich. Bekannt ist insbesondere die Commodore 64 Version. Es gab zwei Nachfolger, mit… … Deutsch Wikipedia
The Secret of the Way Things Are — (also called the Sapiential Work Scroll) is considered a wisdom scroll among the Dead Sea Scrolls. It is authored by a spiritual expert, directed towards a beginner. The author addresses how to deal with business and money issues in a godly… … Wikipedia
The Way of the Wiseguy — by Joseph D. Pistone (Running Press, ISBN 0 7624 1839 7), is a non fiction description of mafia personalities and culture, published in 2004. The author, Joseph D. Pistone, spent six years undercover for the FBI infiltrating New York organized c … Wikipedia
The Way to Happiness — Infobox Organization name = The Way to Happiness Foundation International image border = size = caption = abbreviation = motto = formation = type = Non profit organization headquarters = 201 E. Broadway, Glendale, California membership = language … Wikipedia
The Way of the World (book) — Infobox book | name = The Way of the World: A Story of Truth and Hope in an Age of Extremism author = Ron Suskind country = United States language = English subject = Politics publisher = Harper release date = August 5, 2008 pages = 432 isbn =… … Wikipedia
International Committee of the Fourth International — For the International Committee of the Fourth International that superseded the United Secretariat of the Fourth International in 2003, please see reunified Fourth International. The International Committee of the Fourth International (ICFI) is a … Wikipedia
The Way I Am (Ana Johnsson album) — Infobox Album Name = The Way I Am Type = Album Artist = Ana Johnsson Released = flagicon|SWE September 24, 2004 flagicon|EU August 12, 2004 flagicon|Japan October 6, 2004 Recorded = 2003 2004 Genre = Modern rock Length = 40:41 Label = Sony BMG… … Wikipedia


The biggest problem is that the actor playing Han Solo is not Harrison Ford. But who is, huh? Cool movie with many little details and easter eggs for fans and interesting characters. Maybe it has too many plot twists for children to understand what´s going on. Older kids and adults will appreciate it more.
Wow! Yet another dismal series of explosions, mass killings and 'special effects'. Take away the computer generated effects and you have - not much. Tried to keep track of the number of people and 'things' killed but got bored doing so. Shocked that some parents brought their 3 and 4 year old children to see this mindlessness.
Visually great. But story-wise ... how they managed to cram all of Han's achievements & highlights in his life before "A New Hope" in about a week of movie time is preposterous. What else is there for him to show in a movie to make up for the next decade or so he lived? Nothing's left (unless you want to see some smuggling for the Hutt cartel - that's about it). Youth: Well that went down the drain fast - literally. Couldn't even bother having a younger version for a bit. Imperial Academy days: would have been so nice to see. Kessel: Spice mines? What spice mines? No mention here.
I hope the make another Solo movie.
If you're a fan of Star Wars movies then you will probably like this one. If your not a fan and have not seen the first three with Harrison Ford playing Han Solo then don't go. I liked the movie, but the actor playing Han Solo didn't have the charisma of Harrison Ford. Good to know the backstory of Han Solo after seeing the first three star Wars. All in all, I liked the movie, but I'm a fan.
If you never saw a Star Wars movie, this might stand alone. I am glad I paid for Deadpool and walked into Soylo.
If this movie had been done with Harrison Ford at a young age it would have been great. The problem with it is that casting does not live up to Harrison Ford's Han Solo. I loved the first Star Wars movie from the time I saw it when it originally was in the theater and even love the newer movies. This one just does not live up to the tradition in the only thing that keeps it from being the worst Star Wars movie is Jar Jar Binks.
Fun movie! Excellent addition to the franchise and way better than TLJ.
With all the bad publicity and my lack of enjoyment of the last 3 films, I wasn't going to bother to see Solo. I was done with the franchise. However, a friend convinced me to go and to my complete surprise I really liked it. I found it entertaining and refreshing and different than the others as it wasn't the same formula. I hope they do make a sequel but it doesn't sound like the movie did well enough for one which is a real shame.
I was concern going to watch this movie because SW is not producing any longer good movies but this one was the exception. I did not feel I was watching Star Wars. The acting and plot was excellent.
I loved this movie on IMAX format. Finally, Han Solo story.
Mostly in dark / grayish colors, continuous music background (turning after a while in a continuous noise), characters speaking in low voice, poor acting ... not much different from cheap TV sci-fi series.
I really like the Alden Ehrenreich in this movie, he is a good actor. If you haven't seen the other Star Wars movies you will like this one.
You might like this one if you never saw the originals, but unfortunately I have, and this doesn't measure up. WHAT were they thinking?
Thought it had a lot of excitement going on. Liked the cast. It was easy to relate the character to the other Star Wars movies.
Best unique movie. No a regular movie as the previous ones.
Full action pack adventure. I did not know that Han Solo could speak Wookiee. That was so funny.
We are glad that we waited to watch this movie this week because we don't like to go to the premiers. We checked this site and some YouTube videos before going to watch this movie. We found the movie enjoyabled and fun.
I like this movie because was not a typical Star Wars movie. A new and unique story. I don't work for Disney. I wish I could. Lol This movie is showing all over the states so many people post in here from different places. My money was well spend watching this movie.
This movie seemed all over the place. At times I thought it was very serious and then out of nowhere I would think is this a spoof movie. It seems like Disney just decided that they didn't need to put any money into a good script because it is Star Wars and at worst it will still make a ton of money. I can honestly say that I think the 5 star ratings are done by either Disney or someone at the theater to try to get you to spend your money because I haven't talked to a single person that would rate this anything over 3 stars.
Solo: A Star Wars story was an awesome movie. I loved it!
Best so far. We needed a sequel.
Han Solo was the best pilot of the galaxy. Lol This movie was a total action pack story.
Finally they did a good job with this movie. The previous movies were not so great.
Just another movie where they couldn't afford to pay the electric bill. If they are going to spend tons of money on costumes and makeup, turn on the lights so we can see. Worst Ron Howard directed movie ever.
This movie was super fantastic.
Very clever and packed full of action and interesting characters!
Thoroughly enjoyed! Nice storyline to understand Solo's history. Good characters, girlfriend was amazing. Recommend!
I will watching this movie again. I think it was good and fun.
Some childish crap, action and cg is great.


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Manufacturing Architecture is the first reference guide to customizing repetitive manufacturing for architects. In this book clear diagrams and narratives explain 20 of the most common manufacturing processes for typical building components. Case studies from around the globe show how these processes can be customized in order to create variation, lower costs, decrease production waste and use a wider selection of materials.
Mehta, Scarborough, Armpriest. Building Construction: Principles, Materials, and Systems, 3rd Ed. Pearson, 2017.
Comprehensive and fully illustrated introduction to construction methods and materials. It's informed by a core philosophy that sufficient grounding in the principles and science of construction is the best way to equip today's designers and constructors to respond successfully to rapid changes in the built environment. The Third Edition incorporates the latest updates available, features over one thousand new end-of-chapter problems, and now addresses common errors related to the topic.
Konis, Kyle and Stephen Selkowitz. Effective Daylighting With High-Performance Facades, Emerging Design Practices. Springer, 2017.
Defines requirements for daylighting that acknowledge the needs and behaviors of the building's inhabitants for long-term effective solutions. Provides specific, climate and program-based energy and human factors to clearly identify performance objectives for designers. Discusses a range of technologies and methods in a performance-based context using simulations and real-project case studies.
Grant, Elizabeth. Integrating Building Performance with Design: An Architecture Student's Guidebook. Routledge, 2017.
Integrating Building Performance with Design shows you the importance of designing for building performance early in your architectural design process. The book offers you simple tools and exercises, along with examples of built professional work and successful student projects. Topics include site, solar orientation, thermal comfort, building enclosure, daylighting, passive heating and cooling, active heating and cooling, indoor air quality, stormwater, and rainwater harvesting.
Dangel, Ulrich. Turning Point in Timber Construction: a New Economy. Birkhäuser, 2017.
Recent technological advancements allow the use of timber for the construction of multi-story structures, turning our buildings into carbon sinks rather than becoming sources for CO2-emissions.This book presents arguments for the increased use of wood as an alternative to more fossil fuel intensive building materials, with the goal of demonstrating that an integrated approach can have the potential for positive impact on the environment, local economies, and the building culture at large.
deploys a detailed categorization of AESS uses according to design context, building typology and visual exposure, a method used by the American Institute of Steel Construction and Canadian Institute of Steel Construction. The book is highly illustrated with hundreds of color photos by the author, providing many inspirational examples.
Alread, Jason, Leslie, Thomas, and Robert Whitehead. Design-Tech: Building Science for Architects, 2nd Edition. Routledge, 2014.
Design-Tech is an holistic approach to architectural technology that shows you in hundreds of drawings and tables the why as well as the how of building science, providing you with a comprehensive overview. The authors also address digital fabrication, construction documentation, ultra-high-rise structures, and zoning codes. Numerous case studies demonstrate real-world design implications for each topic, so that you can integrate technical material with design sensibilities.
Simonen, Kathrina. Life Cycle Assessment. Routledge, 2014.
Life Cycle Assessment presents the principles and art of performing life cycle impact assessments of materials and whole buildings, including the need to define meaningful goals and objectives and critically evaluate analysis assumptions. As part of the PocketArchitecture Series, the book is a practical text on the concepts and applications of life cycle techniques and environmental impact evaluation in architecture appropriate for building industry professionals.
This history of the Chicago's skyscrapers begins in the period of reconstruction after the Great Fire of 1871 and concludes in 1934 with the onset of the Great Depression. During this time, landmarks as the Chicago Tribune Tower and the Chicago Stock Exchange rose to impressive new heights, thanks to innovations in building methods and materials. Edifices of iron, brick, and stone made way for towers of steel and plate glass, imparting a striking new look to Chicago's urban landscape.
Trubiano, Franca. Design and Construction of High-Performance Homes: Building Envelopes, Renewable Energies and Integrated Practice. Routledge, 2013.
Ambrose, James and Patrick Tripeny. Simplified Engineering for Architects and Builders, 12 Edition, John Wiley and Sons, 2016.
Simplified Engineering is a continuation of textbook series started by Harry Parker and then continued by Jim Ambrose. It is in five sections. The first section is general structures curriculum including mechanics of materials and statics. The second through fourth sections cover how to design compression, tension, bending and combined loading members in Wood, Steel and Reinforced Concrete. The final section is the application of this work on several "real" design projects.
Boake, Terri Meyer. Diagrids Structures: Systems, Connections, Details. Birkhäuser, 2014.
Diagrids are load-bearing structures made of steel diagonal grids. This book explains comprehensively for the first time all of the aspects involved in this new bearing structure. The author, experienced in teaching, research, and practice (recent publication: Understanding Steel Design. An Architectural Design Manual, 2011), has tracked the development of this technology from its beginnings and employs photographic documentation of the construction phases of many diagrid structures.
Dangel, Ulrich. Sustainable Architecture in Vorarlberg: Energy Concepts and Construction Systems. Birkhäuser, 2010.
The successful combination of a regional building style of sophisticated simplicity with sustainable construction methods has made the architecture of Vorarlberg (Austria) a model for the rest of the world. This book presents particularly successful projects from recent years involving various building types and portrays their development from design idea to built detail.


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Patarasi (nepalski: पातरासी) – gaun wikas samiti w zachodniej części Nepalu w strefie Karnali w dystrykcie Jumla. Według nepalskiego spisu powszechnego z 2001 roku liczył on 490 gospodarstw domowych i 2907 mieszkańców (1438 kobiet i 1469 mężczyzn).

Przypisy

Patarasi

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Israel Philharmonic Orchestra
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The 110-member Israel Philharmonic Orchestra, often described as Israel's foremost cultural asset and regarded by many as the "Orchestra of the Jewish People," has emerged in its relatively short life as a world-class ensemble.
Central European musical traditions made their way to the Middle East from the time of the first mass migration of Jews to Turkish-controlled Palestine in the 1880s. Following Turkey's defeat in World War I, the Balfour Declaration designated part of Palestine as a "national home for the Jewish people," which resulted in an increase of Jewish settlement in the area. Institutions of musical education were established as the Jewish population grew. As scores of Jews fled Nazi persecution in the 1930s, the population grew ever greater. One of that number was violinist Bronislav Huberman, who arrived in 1933 and immediately urged the leading Jewish orchestral players in Germany, many of whom had lost their jobs, to come to Palestine. Huberman brought together a number of musicians as the Palestine Orchestra. Conductor William Steinberg helped organize and prepare the orchestra; the premiere concert took place under the baton of Arturo Toscanini on December 26, 1936. The ensemble began touring almost immediately with appearances in Cairo and Alexandria. When the Israel's independence was proclaimed in 1948, the group was renamed the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra.
The Philharmonic had no permanent conductor for nearly the first 40 years of its existence; it was instead led by a succession of prominent guest conductors. This exposure to a remarkable array of leading maestri lent the orchestra a certain flexibility and versatility, but at the cost of attaining cohesion and a consistent sound. However, two names dominate its history: Leonard Bernstein (1918-1990) and Zubin Mehta. Bernstein began conducting the orchestra nearly from the time he rocketed to fame during the 1940s, and led the historic concert at Beer-Sheva in 1947 just after the Israel Defense Forces took the site. He also conducted an important concert at the Lebanese border and, following the 1967 war, led the legendary Mount Scopus performance of Mahler's Symphony No. 2 in celebration of the capturing of Jerusalem. His 40-year association with the Philharmonic was deep, committed, and intense, even though he never held an official position with the orchestra.
Mehta was appointed music advisor to the orchestra in 1968 and, in 1977, became its music director. In 1981 he was named music director for life. He demonstrated continued commitment to the orchestra even as he received more prominent appointments, including the music directorships of the Los Angeles and New York Philharmonics. Kurt Masur has served as Honorary Guest Conductor, and Yoel Levi is the Principal Guest Conductor.
The orchestra is a true "philharmonic" in the traditional sense, meaning that it is a cooperative owned by its musicians. The Philharmonic performs concert series in its home city of Tel-Aviv and in Haifa and Jerusalem, and makes frequent appearances elsewhere. Its main venue is the Mann Auditorium in Tel-Aviv, a hall with whose acoustics have often proven especially problematic for recording companies.


text:
Edit Module Edit Module
Why We Love Chicago
We're Loyal to Our Local
By Carrie Schedler
Published Feb. 13, 2017
Bruce Elliot at the Old Town Ale House, Photo: E. Jason Wambsgans/Chicago Tribune
Bruce Elliott started drinking at the Old Town Ale House in 1961, three years after it opened. Back then, the place was hoity-toity and played classical music. After it burned down and reopened across the street, the crowd got rougher, but Elliott kept going. He liked to paint raunchy pictures, and soon they were hanging on the bar's walls. Today the Old Town and its most faithful barfly are a living connection to a long-gone version of Chicago, one where the drinks were cheap and the regulars were weird as hell. And here's the best part: For the past 12 years, Elliott has owned the joint. Which just goes to show you, he says: "If you drink at a bar long enough, they'll eventually give it to you."
Previous 47. The View from the Wabash Avenue Bridge Next 49. We've Got Characters
This article appears in the March 2017 issue of Chicago magazine. Subscribe to Chicago magazine.


text:
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var c;
var d=['Browser','Upload'];
for (a in b) for(c in d) FCKConfig[b[a]+d[c]+'URL']=FCKConfig.BasePath+'plugins/pgrfilemanager/PGRFileManager.php?langCode='+FCKConfig.DefaultLanguage+'&type='+b[a];

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Last Edit: 2 years 11 months ago by Elimina.
That can be done, but is little difficult to do..
1. Open the "ReShade.fx" file with Notepad++ (easier than standart Notepad).
3. Go to Line 2820 and 2825..
What you must to do is, change this number.
Into higher number, like 4, 6, 8, 12, 16 etc.. Higher the number mean more blur will be applied..
Yup.. you know it already..


Shrewsbury Town's first cup fixture of the season gets underway tomorrow evening with the visit of Burton Albion.
The Brewers will travel to the Montgomery Waters Meadow for the first round of the Carabao Cup.
Town Club Captain Lennel John-Lewis is expecting a tough game from Nigel Clough's men. He said: "We have got to play well," Lenny said. "If we can play well, you never know how far you can go in the competition.
"We don't know what side they will pull out, but I think for us it's important from our point of view that we get the performance that we need and hopefully, we get the result.
"We know we're going to play them in the league later on in the season, so if we can get that little one up on them, mentally it could be a bonus.
"We don't know what team they're going to put out, they might change it and there might be players coming in that are really hungry.
Lenny is hopeful his team can get a result against Burton and feels a good performance could spur his team on in the league.
"You can get big results against big teams further down the line," Lenell said. "I think the club has now got a winning mentality from last season, we need to get that back and get the ball rolling.
"If we keep the performances going and keep improving, I'm sure we will get the win.
Town will welcome the Brewers for the 7:45 kick off and will be looking to progress into the next round.


text:
Vélye est une commune française, située dans le département de la Marne en région Grand Est.

Ses habitants s'appellent les Vlitiots à cause de la prononciation locale du nom : « vli »

Géographie

Urbanisme

Typologie
Vélye est une commune rurale, car elle fait partie des communes peu ou très peu denses, au sens de la grille communale de densité de l'Insee.

Par ailleurs la commune fait partie de l'aire d'attraction de Châlons-en-Champagne dont elle est une commune de la couronne. Cette aire, qui regroupe , est catégorisée dans les aires de  à moins de .

Occupation des sols

L'occupation des sols de la commune, telle qu'elle ressort de la base de données européenne d'occupation biophysique des sols Corine Land Cover (CLC), est marquée par l'importance des territoires agricoles (93,7 % en 2018), une proportion identique à celle de 1990 (94 %). La répartition détaillée en 2018 est la suivante :
terres arables (91,7 %), zones urbanisées (3,7 %), forêts (2,6 %), zones agricoles hétérogènes (2 %).

L'IGN met par ailleurs à disposition un outil en ligne permettant de comparer l'évolution dans le temps de l'occupation des sols de la commune (ou de territoires à des échelles différentes). Plusieurs époques sont accessibles sous forme de cartes ou photos aériennes : la carte de Cassini (), la carte d'état-major (1820-1866) et la période actuelle (1950 à aujourd'hui).

Toponymie

Histoire
Première bataille de la Marne. Arrivée le  du  BCP qui repart le lendemain pour La Veuve.

Par décret du , la commune est détachée le  de l'arrondissement de Châlons-en-Champagne pour intégrer l'arrondissement d'Épernay.

Politique et administration

Démographie

Culture locale et patrimoine

Lieux et monuments
 Église romane Saint-Jean-Baptiste.
 La Vierge et l'Enfant....entre Vélye et Germinon.
 Lavoir, fontaine, moulin
 Ferronnerie d'art
 Gîte rural

Personnalités liées à la commune

Voir aussi

Bibliographie

Articles connexes
 Liste des communes de la Marne

Liens externes

 Vélye sur le site de l'Institut géographique national
 Vélye sur le site de l'Insee

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Commune dans la Marne


Aici gasesti skin-uri pentru Counter Strike Source. You can find Skins for Counter Strike Source.
Aici gasesti mape pentru Counter Strike Source. Here you will find maps for Counter Strike Source.
Aici gasesti tutoriale pentru Counter Strike Source. You can find tutorials for Counter Strike Source.
Aici gasesti config-uri pentru Counter Strike Source. Here you will find configs sites for Counter Strike Source.
Current time: 25-04-2019, 02:45 PM Powered By MyBB, © 2002-2019 MyBB Group.


www.medicaregals.com – 1-855-474-6234 The Medicare Gals shot a special travel episode during a cruise to Cozumel, Mexico.
Does Original Medicare (Part A and Part B) cover travel?
Does Part C (Medicare Advantage Plans) cover travel?
Will Medicare Supplements (MediGap plans) cover travel?
Does coverage differ for domestic (within the US) or international travel?
If you have any questions of your own, please feel free to call us and ask for Mary or Sondra at 1-855-474-6234. Email the Medicare Gals at MedicareGals@TrustedSeniorSpecialists.com.
Want to watch more episodes? Visit MedicareGals.com.


Purposeful, smart and sustainably designed infrastructure is key to the well-being, economic growth and education of communities. Maverick's expertise focuses on the design, build and operations of the transport, power and telecommunication networks between our communities.
© Copyright Maverick Corporation. All Rights Reserved.


Are you ready to star in a commercial? My Hair Towel is searching for models and actors for their new spot! Filming will be in New York City.New York. Commercial auditions will be held on june , 2017. Casting directors are looking for women ages 30 to 50 years old. They are seeking females with long, thick and/or big naturally curly hair. The team is open to people of various ethnicities.
"My Hair Towel" is a revolutionary new product designed to effectively dry hair of all kinds in a way that traditional towels simply cannot. We will be producing a short 60-90 second commercial spot and will need 1-3 models to demonstrate the product and be featured in the video.
PRODUCTION DATES ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE.
Ideally looking for females between the ages of 30 to 50 with long, thick and or big naturally curly hair. Various ethnicities preferred.
. Submissions will be accepted until 06/08/2017. All production and audition dates are speculative, and subject to change. Please be flexible.
Please send head shots and or resumes to the attached email address to be considered.


text:
Q: Dateformat mismatch in sql server and C# code I have a problem.
I have an application in C# with SQL SERVER 2005 as backend.
The problem is in fetching the correct record based on the date.
The frontend code is
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(txtFromDate.Text))
    SelectCmd.Parameters[0].Value = DBNull.Value;
else
    SelectCmd.Parameters[0].Value = txtFromDate.Text;

Now if I run usp_NewGetUserDetail '03/04/2010' in the query analyser, I am able to get the correct record.
So I am preety confident that my SP is correct(I have tested with many variations).
But if the same value is passed from front end code(SelectCmd.Parameters[0].Value = "03/04/2010";), I am getting some unexpected record. By that I mean , the records which are not in the date range.
I guess that there is some mismatch in date format of backend and frontend.
Kindly let me know if I missed out some information that I need to provide for solving this
Please help.

A: Dealing with dates on SQL Server is a tricky business, since most formats are language- and locale-dependent. As Adam already mention - you should try to avoid dealing with dates as strings - it does get messy, and using DateTime (both in .NET and in T-SQL) is much safer and easier.
But if you must use strings, then be aware of these points: a date like 02/05/2010 will be interpreted as Feb 5, 2010 in some places, or as May 2, 2010 in others. So whatever you're doing - you'll always run into someone who has a different setting and gets different results.
The way to do here is to use the ISO-8601 format which is independent of all locale and language settings and just always works.
So for your dates, always use the YYYYMMDD format - first of all, it always works, and second of all, with that format, you get a "natural" sort behavior - sorted by Year, then Month, then Day.

A: There's no need to pass the date as a string, nor should you. Set the value of the parameters to a DateTime object that represents the date you want, not the string representation of it.

A: Try something like this:
DateTime fromDate;
if (DateTime.TryParse(txtFromDate.Text, out fromDate))
{
    SelectCmd.Parameters[0].Value = fromDate
}
else
{
    SelectCmd.Parameters[0].Value = DBNull.Value;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Esbjerg a team placed at the top tier in the Denmark Superliga matchday 18 will hosts the middle-placed Aalborg placed in the middle tier on Friday at Blue Water Arena.
The hosts seven-match undefeated run following their away 1-0 loss to Vejle in September ended after they lost to Odense. Their last match resulted in a 1-1 draw in their match against Vendsyssel.
John Lammers' troops have lost only two out of their last eight games played in this campaign winning three and drawing three. The eight games earned twelve points, scored twelve goals and conceded two goals.
The hosts have not been defeated at home after their home loss against FC Copenhagen.
The visitors, on the other hand, have recorded only two defeats in their last ten games winning three and drawing four.
Morten Wieghorst's men are in the seventh place in the standings with four points adrift from their opponent.
Out of their last seventeen games played in this season, the guests have scored nineteen goals and conceded nineteen goals.
Aalborg has not been defeated in their last five overall away games have not recorded any defeat.
Their last five overall games ended with Esbjerg two wins and Aalborg three victories.


text:
Home >News >India >Mumbai: Old cabs get 6 more months to fix roof-top indicators
Mumbai: Old cabs get 6 more months to fix roof-top indicators
2 min read . Updated: 08 Jan 2021, 04:30 PM IST PTI
The new date for installing colour-coded roof-top indicators on old taxis has been extended till July 1, 2021 from the earlier date of January 1, 2021
The colour-coded indicators, which would signal if the cab is free or occupied, are expected to bring down the rampant ride refusals by drivers.
The transport authority for Mumbai Metropolitan Region has decided to defer by six months the implementation of its decision to install roof-top indicators on taxis registered before January 31, 2020, an official said on Friday.
The new date for installing colour-coded roof-top indicators on old taxis has been extended till July 1, 2021 from the earlier date of January 1, 2021, the transport department official said.
China builds 1,500-room hospital in 5 days after surge in Covid-19 cases
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What WHO Won't Learn From China
In a recent meeting, the Mumbai Metropolitan Region Transport Authority (MMRTA), chaired by Maharashtra transport secretary, took this decision in view of the COVID-19 pandemic.
The official said that due to the pandemic, only one of the three manufacturers have made their roof-top indicators available in the market.
"Hence, it could lead tothe shortage of these indicators in the market, which could result in rising black marketing complaints," he said.
The state transport department has made roof-top indicators for new 'black-and-yellow' taxis and 'silver-blue' cool cab taxis registered in MMR from February 1, 2020.
The state government had also asked the respective regional transport authorities to decide the date of fixing the indicators on cabs registered before January 31, 2020, in their jurisdictions.
Acting on it, in last June, the MMRTA had decided to make roof-top indicators mandatory for old taxis (registered before January 2020 end) at the time of annual fitness certificate renewal from January 1, 2021.
The indicators will have green, red and white coloured LED lights.
As per the government notification issued in December 2019, the taxi with the green light on would indicate it is available for ferrying passengers, red would mean the cab is occupied and white would show that it is unavailable for hiring.
Apart from the LED lights, the indicators will have letters 'For Hire', 'Hired' and 'Off Duty', in English as well as Marathi languages.
According to the notification, the rooftop indicator for black-and-yellow taxis should be cream yellow in colour, while the same for fleet taxis should be blue or silver.
Letters on the rooftop indicators of taxis should be either on front or on both front and rare sides for clear and better viewing, it said.
Mumbai has over 40,000 black-and-yellow and silver and blue taxis, but other cities in MMR like Thane, Vasai- Virar, Kalyan, Navi Mumbai and Panvel have very few cabs.
The project, proposed in 2012, gained momentum in January 2014 when the transport department issued a draft notification inviting suggestions and objections from people.
It was delayed for five years due to the language issue, with former transport minister Diwakar Raote suggesting that letters in Marathi be also put up on the indicators.


text:
Niantic Receives $300 Million Investment from Coatue. (Niantic)
November 24, 2021 by Jon Jaehnig
Reality Labs, the XR research branch within Welcome to Meta | Meta (facebook.com), released a report on some of their research into advanced haptic wearables.
Following the report, HaptX founder and CEO Jake Rubin posted an open letter asserting that "the core components of this prototype … appear to be substantively identical to HaptX's patented technology." The letter also asserts that engineers from Meta had seen HaptX facilities and the concern was that competition in the industry remain fair.
The FDA has authorized the marketing of prescription-use VR platform EaseVRx for management of chronic back pain.
FastCompany released a list of "The Next 24 Big Things" to watch in the tech space. The list wasn't limited to XR experiences and activations but included several including Arcturus, DressX, Envisics, eGlass, Taqtile, and Tilt Five. Also included were "honorable mentions" including Virbela, Help Lightning, Rec Room, and Upland.
Birdfy has exceeded its Kickstarter goal to create an AR app for identifying birds through computer learning and a mobile device camera.
HTC VIVE has announced updates focused on privacy and security, earning two new ISO certifications.
Niantic announced a $300M investment from global investment manager Coatue towards the AR company's "real-world metaverse" play. Niantic has been involved in the creation of world-scale AR games for years, but it is arguably only in their recent release of the Lightship developer platform that the company has stepped into a metaverse offering bigger than their own in-house experiences.
Smart glasses manufacturer Nreal has announced that two of their consumer models will be available in the U.S. for Verizon users. The company has been launching products and rolling out updates for years but only announced earlier this year that they would be launching in the states.
Snap has added new layers to the Snap Map, making for easier and more informative navigation of the physical world through the camera-based app. (Also, Snapchat independent creators on social media have been posting about receiving mysterious Snap gift boxes in advances of "Lens Fest," the company's developer conference, which will take place from December 7-9.
The X Reality Safety Initiative is gearing up to host their annual XR Safety Week virtually from December 6-10. The event "will explore the challenges of extended realities in critical areas of the immersive ecosystem.
The Virtual Reality Augmented Reality Association is promoting a day-long virtual summit on Metaverse Platforms and Avatars scheduled to take place on December 17 via Hopin.
In further avatar news, STEM VR education platform brainSTEM announced the rollout of its avatar customization tool.
It's worth pointing out how much of the news this week is AR related rather than VR related. There's definitely a sentiment in the industry that as these technologies develop VR will be more for isolated, highly specialized use-cases while AR will be used more frequently and consistently in the average user's day-to-day. This context makes the Nreal's announcement of U.S. AR glasses availability even more exciting – even if it's currently only for Verizon 5G mobile devices.
<Augmented Reality, Technology, Videos/>
ARExperience - Ben Spiegel (P.1) - How are y


Set of 6 Libbey Gold Greek Key Mugs with gold brass holders can be used for either hot or cold potions. Continental Pattern . both hot and cold liquids. The brass holders are removable so that you can wash the glasses.


text:
#pragma once
#include <vector>

#include <glm/glm.hpp>

#include <SFML/OpenGL.hpp>
#include <SFMLApp.h>

#include "IRender.h"
#include "CameraInterface.hpp"

class Robot : public CameraInterface, public IRender
{
public:
    Robot();
    ~Robot();

    void render();

    // keyboard events
    sf::String HelpInfo() const;
    void OnKeyPressed(sf::Keyboard::Key key, bool ctrl, bool alt, bool shift, bool system);

    // other events
    void OnResized(uint width, uint height);

private:
    void DrawBase() const;
    void DrawLeftArm() const;
    void DrawRightArm() const;

private:
    std::vector<GLfloat> _base_vertices;
    std::vector<GLfloat> _upper_arm_vertices;
    std::vector<GLfloat> _lower_arm_vertices;
    std::vector<GLfloat> _hand_vertices;
    glm::mat4 _base_transform;
    glm::mat4 _left_upper_arm_transform;
    glm::mat4 _right_upper_arm_transform;
    glm::mat4 _left_lower_arm_transform;
    glm::mat4 _right_lower_arm_transform;
    glm::mat4 _left_hand_transform;
    glm::mat4 _right_hand_transform;
};


text:
Cambridge United potential excites Shaun Derry ahead of dugout debut
Shaun Derry takes charge of Cambridge United for the first time this weekend, and is looking forward to unlocking the potential of his squad.
Derry, whose previous managerial experience came at Notts County, takes over at the Sky Bet League 2 outfit following Richard Money's departure at the beginning of the month.
Read more: Inconsistency leads to Richard Money's Cambridge United departure
The 37-year-old is excited about the players he has inherited, and is intent on making sure they enjoy their football to bring out the best in them - starting with this weekend's visit to high-flying Oxford United.
"I want them to smile, I want them to enjoy being professional footballers," said Derry in his press conference on United Player.
"Still, even to this day, as proud as I am sat here, I still wish I was playing! It's the best job in the world - everyone wants to be a professional footballer.
"Don't come into the environment thinking it's your job, it's more than a job. This is the best. If my message is strong enough that they can play with a freedom, then that'd be great going forward."
Despite lying 18th in the table, the U's are just six points off the Play-Off places, and the former midfield maestro sees no reason why he can't get his new team back among the promotion-chasing pack.
Derry added: "I look at the blend of player that's here and I feel that they can go on to the next level, and that's the message I've given - 'you've enjoyed yourselves, you've propelled this club into The Football League, can you take it further?'
"I feel that we can."
You can find out how Derry and his Cambridge team fare, along with all the other Sky Bet League 2 action, by following our divisional Twitter feed - @SkyBetLeague2.


Work Out Or Relax With The Comfort Of Sumo Lounge!
We have just come out with our latest product the Sumo Yoga Balls! With its Acrylic cover, Air filling and high weight capacity, this chair is the perfect partner when you want to relax with some yoga or maybe even shed some pounds!


Lumene Time Freeze Anti-Age CC Cream is a new multi-benefit color-correcting product designed to provide instant perfecting coverage for redness, discoloration, and enlarged pores with long-wear, natural looking concealing color and smoothing primer. It promises to be a handy solution for those who like a product that is easy, quick and comfortable to use.
Lumene Time Freeze Color Correcting CC Cream minimizes the appearance of imperfections and evens your skin tone while fighting the visible signs of premature aging on the cellular level. Arctic lingonberry delivers omega fatty acids to repair age damage and increase skin's elasticity. Vitamin C neutralizes free radicals and boosts collagen synthesis while broad spectrum UV filters defend against environmental aggressors. Available in two shades: Light (for fair skin) and Medium (for medium-fair skin).
– Foundation – a fine but well covering formula. The shades are designed to neutralize the color of red areas.
Lumene Time Freeze Anti-Age CC Cream has a very lightweight, creamy liquid texture that applies on smoothly and blends easily. I tried the shade Medium which is surprisingly a bit lighter for my medium (MAC NC 25-ish) skintone. It's not a self-adjusting formula so although not a perfect match, it didn't look pasty or weird on my skin.
As for the coverage, it's sheer-medium with a semi-matte finish. It does a good job of concealing slight imperfections, discoloration and evens out my skin tone nicely for a fresh, natural look. I don't have a lot of redness issues but I think the formula would neutralize redness quite well. As the coverage is light and stays that way, you would need a spot concealer for major problem areas like dark spots or acne scars etc.
The formula isn't hydrating enough on its own for my dry skin so I need to apply a light moisturizer (with SPF for daytime) underneath. It has a light floral scent that dissipates soon after application. I got about 6 – 7 hours of wear time so the formula wasn't very long-lasting for me but fairly decent.
Overall, Lumene Time Freeze Anti-Age CC Cream is a nice, budget-friendly color correcting and brightening formula to perk up dull, tired skin. It offers light, breathable and natural coverage that smooths out uneven skin color and redness…..great for everyday wear! However, the shade range is very limited as there are no options for medium to dark skintones so that's definitely a drawback.
Love a good budget friendly CC cream! Will have to try this out!
This looks interesting. I wonder if the sunscreen is chemical or mineral? I should take a look at the ingredients in store.
I am a huge, huge fan of this. It is my favorite CC Cream out there!
I love CC Creams. I probably wouldn't find a shade match though. Lumene is a fairly new brand to me. I've only tried their Vitamin C moisturizer.
I have oily skin so I like that this brand has semi-matte finish. I can already tell that medium is also light for me. I haven't tried any Lumene products though.
Lumene has some really great products – I'll definitely keep my eyes open for this one.
I definitely want to try this. I love Lumene skin care!
I've REALLY been wanting to try this!


Bourdieu is perhaps best known for his concept of cultural capital. He first used it to explain children's educational outcomes in 1960s France, arguing that class culture, such as its attitudes, values, and norms, confers to its members' advantages in the education system. In "The Forms of Capital," Bourdieu defines cultural capital and its relationship to economic and social capital. Answer the following questions after completing the reading.
2. In the conclusion of the essay, Bourdieu uses the example of the education system to illustrate how cultural capital can be utilized to reproduce inequality. How does this happen?
3. Bourdieu's example of social reproduction in the education system is well known. What is an example of another institution in which cultural capital is employed to confer advantages to one class over another?