text:
Jiří Ottopal (* 14. června 1942 Zlín) je bývalý český fotbalový záložník.

Hráčská kariéra
V československé nejvyšší soutěži hrál za Jiskru Otrokovice v ročníku 1964/65 při její jediné účasti, aniž by skóroval.

V Otrokovicích s fotbalem začínal a hrál zde až do roku 1961. V sezoně 1960/61 vyhrál otrokovický dorost moravsko–slezskou skupinu dorostenecké ligy. Poté se stal mistrem ČSR, když nejprve v sobotu 10. června 1961 na Letné podlehl pražské Dukle 1:2, aby ji v sobotu 24. června 1961 v otrokovické odvetě porazil 2:0 (branky vstřelili Šimčík a Kotásek) a postoupil tak do celostátního finále proti Slovanu Bratislava. Po výhrách 5:0 v Bratislavě (hráno v sobotu 1. července 1961) a 3:2 v Otrokovicích (sobota 8. července 1961, obě branky Jiskry dal Kotásek) se stal mistrem Československa v dorostenecké kategorii bratislavský Slovan.

Prvoligová bilance

Nižší soutěže
Od roku 1961 studoval na SVŠT v Bratislavě a nastupoval za juniorku místního Slovanu. V roce 1964 studia přerušil a působil opět v otrokovické Jiskře. Během podzimu 1964 se do Bratislavy vrátil, školu zde úspěšně dokončil v roce 1967. Poté byl na vojně a následně hrál za TJ Valašské Meziříčí.

Odkazy

Reference

Literatura
 Luboš Jeřábek: Československý fotbal v číslech a faktech – Olympia 1991
 Jindřich Horák, Lubomír Král: Encyklopedie našeho fotbalu – Libri 1997
 Radovan Jelínek, Miloslav Jenšík a kol.: Atlas českého fotbalu – Radovan Jelínek 2006

Externí odkazy
 Profil hráče na csfotbal.cz
 Před půl stoletím hrály Otrokovice první fotbalovou ligu, otrokovickenoviny.cz [cit. 2015-10-23, autor Anna Novotná]

Českoslovenští fotbalisté
Čeští fotbalisté
Fotbaloví záložníci
Fotbalisté Jiskry Otrokovice
Fotbalisté Slovanu Bratislava
Narození 14. června
Narození v roce 1942
Narození ve Zlíně
Žijící lidé
Muži


Speaking as part of a nationwide, internet-based telecast Oct. 16, top education officials attempted to define the meaning of "scientifically-based research" by explaining what schools must do to comply with this portion of the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB).
The law specifies that all federally funded education initiatives deployed in grades three to eight be proven effective by way of "scientifically-based research." So if a school district uses federal grant money to purchase reading software, for example, the software in question must be proven to work through rigorous analysis.
The webcast, called "What Does Scientifically Based Research Mean?," was sponsored by the Consortium for School Networking (CoSN) and included presentations from John Bailey, director of educational technology for the U.S. Department of Education (ED); Valerie Renya, a senior research advisor for ED; and Dean Bergman, an administrator of educational technology at the Nebraska Department of Education.
According to CoSN officials, the conference was held as a way for educators to familiarize themselves with particulars of the legislation.
"The topic of scientifically based research is receiving considerable media attention, but we were concerned that school officials need more clarity about the philosophy behind the law, as well as practical answers to implementation. Scientifically based research is not a concept that received much mainstream attention in the education community prior to the last year, therefore we are certain there are lots of educators who want a better understanding," said Keith Krueger, executive director of CoSN.
In a year marked by sweeping education reforms spurred by NCLB, few requirements have met with more criticism, confusion, and apprehension than the scientifically based research stipulation.
While some educators complain that the term itself is broadly defined and subject to interpretation, still others contend that the federal government alienates good, solid, and useful programs by imposing such a requirement, which could delay the rollout of new products for months—even years—as research is conducted and results are produced.
Recognizing both criticisms, presenters used the conference to do two things: explain what constitutes scientifically based research, and address why the requirement rests at the very foundation of the Bush administration's education policy.
Renya said schools face several challenges in the struggle to implement NCLB, including making sure new programs are in line with state goals; disaggregating student data according to poverty status, race, ethnicity, and so on; providing for adequate yearly progress; and making sure all children—no matter what their present condition—achieve at "proficient" levels within the next 12 years.
According to her, scientifically based research is the lynchpin that holds all of those goals together. "It's extremely important to know what works," she said. "Scientifically based research should be the rationale for all of these educational approaches." That means schools must implement programs proven to be efficient—not only in the critical areas of math and reading, but in every subject and at every grade level, she said.
When evaluating a potential program—whether it's for math, reading, or any other discipline—Renya said it is important for educators to ask themselves: first, if the program works; second, how it works; and third, what observations can be made about its implementation.
Still, she warned, some results can be trusted more than others. A hierarchy applies to which types of research models should be considered, she said.
The most comprehensive method is a randomized trial. Here, the research takes into account several variables—including teacher quality and student ability—by applying itself to a wide range of test subjects and demonstrating some degree of improvement at every level. Research also can take the form of a quasi-experiment with statistical controls, where the approaches are tested randomly within a school. Another option is a correlation study without statistical controls. A final, acceptable method is the use of case studies, which may demonstrate a proven track record of success, Renya said.
Educators must be particularly careful when relying on case studies, however, because they often do not take into account certain variables that can shift from district to district or from school to school, Renya warned.
Identifying the method of research used in a study is one challenge, but determining whether the data are scientifically based presents another problem, Bailey said.
What was the method of research used? Is it credible?
Was a rigorous data analysis performed?
Was the method of data collection valid and reliable?
Was the research design strong, or did it leave room for error or misreporting?
Are there detailed results available? Can the study be replicated with similar results?
Has the study been subject to scrutiny by other professionals, or possible critics?
When considering such questions, Bailey urged schools to use the "highest rigor of research" available. But, he said, the federal government would not bear down on institutions for selecting an educational product or instructional practice that fell short on some criteria. That's because ED does not want educators to forfeit their will to innovate. New products and breakthrough practices are important, he said, even if the research is at times incomplete.
Even if a school district failed to live up to the requirements, Bailey said, it would have little to fear from the federal government. According to him, it is each state's responsibility to make sure its schools function under the law. While ED tries to encourage compliance by distributing money only where states meet the specifications listed on grant applications, the department has no intention of revoking those monies once they are allocated.
ED understands that comprehensive, proven, and rigorous research statistics aren't available for every educational approach, especially those that are new to the marketplace, he said. With that in mind, the least schools must do is demonstrate a concerted effort to comply with NCLB by providing some researched-based evidence of success.
Schools in Pennsylvania, for instance, are shying away from anecdotal approaches to instruction in favor of more substantive solutions. One way is by paying especially close attention to the suggestions of the National Reading Panel on what to look for in research-based reading initiatives, said Roland Hahn, director of technology services for the Lancaster-Lebanon Intermediate School District in Pennsylvania.
Schools there also are investing heavily in another concept now in vogue: data-driven decision-making. "We're really looking to data much more than we have in the past to make educational decisions," said Hank Walker, the district's director of instructional services. According to Walker, that includes the use of data warehouses to display student improvement based on a number of variables, including race and economic status.
Both men believe it's these types of efforts that inevitably will inch schools closer to compliance under the new federal legislation, even as the requirements themselves continue to suffer from a clear identity crisis.
"It's a lot of new terms, a lot of new information. Realistically, it's the kind of stuff that can only be fully absorbed over time," Hahn said.
One challenge the law creates for ed-tech specialists is that "there still is very little scientifically based research to gauge the effectiveness of technology" in the classroom, Bailey acknowledged.
Still, Bailey said the requirement should be seen as a potential boon for ed-tech use. He called it an opportunity for "educational technology people to stand up and be counted." In fact, he urged educators to demand more research-based evidence from school technology vendors, saying future results will help showcase potential new endeavors.
Bailey also suggested that scientifically based research be used to evaluate teaching methods and instructional practices. "It's not just about products, it's about practices," he said. According to him, scientifically based research methods also can show the sure educational value of block scheduling or reduced class size, for example.
Both Pennsylvania educators said the CoSN conference was another in a long line of attempts by the federal government to shed light on still-hazy NCLB initiatives.
But just because ED is passing information out in public doesn't mean educators are digesting the new requirements with ease.
That appeared to be the case during the CoSN-sponsored event, when the hour-long webcast ran well over the time allotted and failed to give educators the opportunity to ask questions of panel members.
Still, ED said it is working on other initiatives that might help clear the air.
Currently, the department is in the process of developing its What Works Clearinghouse. This initiative, which eSchool News reported on earlier this fall(http://www.eschoolnews.com/news/showStory.cfm?ArticleID=3991), will help educators navigate the mountains of data available and single out what research-based approaches work best through a series of interactive, online databases, including a registry of programs, products, and practices that claim to improve student achievement; a registry of research that backs up those claims; a registry of effective assessment tools; and a list of researchers whom educators can contact if they have a program they need evaluated.
None of the presenters at the CoSN-sponsored conference implied that scientifically based research was the all-inclusive answer to educators' instructional woes. Renya even said that, where there are gaps in the evidence model, teachers must use their own professional discretion to determine whether an approach should be used inside the classroom.


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It's rare, yet the local risk is real. Deadly amoebas can be found in Florida's freshwater lakes and hot springs, as well as in under- chlorinated swimming pools.
The single-cell organism, Naegleria fowleri, enters a person through the nose and attacks the brain by dissolving its tissue.
Sadly, the majority of infections in the United States occur in boys under 13, which could be due to their enthusiasm for water sports.
To help create awareness, Mount Dora Buzz asked Dr. Swannie Jett, of the Seminole County Health Department about the risks, symptoms and precautions.
BUZZ: What temperature does the water have to be?
DR. JETT: Although N. fowleri prefer warmer temperatures, PAM cases have been reported as far north as Minnesota and Indiana, indicating that it can occur in more temperate climates. Water temperature is not a good gauge for the safety of a body of water.
BUZZ: How long after infection do symptoms begin. What are the most common symptoms?
DR. JETT: Symptoms typically occur 1-9 days (median 5 days) after exposure. Symptoms include fever, severe headache, nausea and vomiting.
BUZZ: What is the mortality rate once infected?
DR. JETT: PAM is nearly 100% fatal. There have only been 2 known survivors in the U.S.
BUZZ: Do you feel any lakes in Central Florida are safe from infection?
DR. JETT: There is no way to tell whether a lake in Central Florida or anywhere else is safe from infection. Precautions should be taken when swimming in any fresh body of water.
BUZZ: What do you recommend for prevention?
•Hold your nose shut, use nose clips, or keep your head above water when taking part in water-related activities in bodies of warm freshwater.
•Avoid putting your head under the water in hot springs and other untreated thermal waters.
•Avoid water-related activities in warm freshwater during periods of high water temperature.
•Avoid digging in, or stirring up, the sediment while taking part in water-related activities in shallow, warm freshwater areas.
BUZZ: Can people be infected while in the middle of a lake, as well as the shallow waters near shore? It's often said tubing is safe because the amoebas live in the warm, shallow, muddy bottom near shore, so only activities in that area are at risk. However, it seems that once disturbed from the bottom, the amoebas could drift to other areas of the lake.
DR. JETT: Correct, disturbances can drift to any area of a body of water. Precautions should be taken regardless of where in the lake a person is swimming, diving, etc.
In addition to the amoebas, there is also a rare, fresh-water bacteria that enters humans through scratches on their skin and open wounds. Lake County has over 1000 lakes, so residents should remain mindful of the risks and aware of the preventative measures available.
The grand opening of Eustis' sailboat-themed splash pad is just in time for summer vacation. The city will host a celebration on Friday, June 10 from 11 a.m. to 5 p.m.
The new attraction is located at the City of Eustis Aquatic Center in Ferran Park.
The event will feature free admission to the splash pad and city's pool, inflatable water slides, food trucks and music. After a 2 p.m. ribbon cutting ceremony, there will be free ice cream while supplies last.
The splash pad will be open Monday – Friday from 11:30 a.m. to 5 p.m. and Saturdays from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. Admission to the splash pad and pool will be $3 per guest, per visit.
Punch card passes for multiple visits to the pool and splash pad will be available at a discounted rate. Entry during the lap swim time, while only the pool is open, will be a $2 per guest, per visit.
The splash pad and pool will also be available for private event rentals. Rentals can be arranged by contacting the City of Eustis Aquatic Center at 352-357-3264.
At 6 p.m. on the same day, there will be a Summer Kickoff Concert in the Ferran Park bandshell featuring the Caribbean Chillers. Admission to the concert is free and VIP tickets are available for $30. Tickets are available at the Lake Eustis Area Chamber of Commerce.


text:
Tornesch is a town in the district of Pinneberg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is situated approximately  southeast of Elmshorn, and  northwest of Hamburg.  Tornesch is also the home of the Klaus-Groth-Schule, named after the German poet Klaus Groth.  It is also home to the Fritz-Reuter-Schule, named after German writer Fritz Reuter.

History
Tornesch has a place in biochemical history from the wood saccharification process developed by Scholler, also known at the Scholler-Tornesch process.  The first factory to use the process was built in Tornesch.  This early work was part of the development of biofuel such as cellulosic ethanol.

References

External links
Fritz-Reuter-Schule
Klaus-Groth-Schule homepage
Tornesch Cultural Center

Towns in Schleswig-Holstein
Pinneberg (district)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Shabu Sai Japanese restaurant chain has a total of 8 locations in Singapore, one of which is within NEX shopping centre (23 Serangoon Central).
Visiting one of the restaurants, you'll discover an authentic Japanese restaurant that serves all-you-can-eat Shabu-Shabu and Sukiyaki buffet.
On the buffet table, Shabu Sai (where "shabu" comes from the sound of ingredients being swished in a boiling pot and "sai" meaning vegetables) serves up to seven tasty soup bases and a wonderful array of more than forty items.
Highlights on the Shabu Sai menu include such delicacies as the Tonkotsu soup, which is prepared in Singapore using the exact same recipe as the chain's outlets in Japan use, and the Sukiyaki soup, which offers a sweet-and-savoury Shoyu-based stock for the freshest ingredients to simmer in.
The official Shabu Sai Facebook brand page is located at www.facebook.com/shabusai.sg/.
Following the Facebook page, you'll find out about the chain's menu specials, seasonal changes to the menu, their promotions, events, and much more.


text:
Sigmar Solbach (* 3. Oktober 1946  in Olpe) ist ein deutscher Schauspieler und Synchronsprecher.

Leben
Als Sohn einer österreichischen Tänzerin und eines Sauerländers geboren verbrachte Sigmar Solbach fünf Lebensjahre in Salzburg, bevor er von der Einschulung bis zur Mittleren Reife wieder in seiner Geburtsstadt Olpe lebte. Nach dem Abitur in Marburg machte er von 1967 bis 1970 eine dreijährige Schauspielausbildung an der Westfälischen Schauspielschule Bochum. Sein Debüt gab er am Schauspielhaus Bochum. Es folgten Spielzeiten am Hessischen Staatstheater Wiesbaden und an den Städtischen Bühnen Augsburg sowie zahlreiche Gastspiele in ganz Deutschland, so unter anderem am Theater des Westens und dem Theater am Kurfürstendamm in Berlin.

Seinen ersten großen Auftritt im deutschen Fernsehen hatte Solbach im Jahr 1976 in dem hr-Dreiteiler Der Winter, der ein Sommer war, in dem er eine der Hauptrollen innehatte. In der 1985 ausgestrahlten Fernsehserie Schöne Ferien spielte er den Reiseleiter. Später spielte er in weiteren Serien, wie Insel der Träume (1991), Glückliche Reise (1992), Der Ferienarzt (2005), Unter weißen Segeln (2006) und Das Traumhotel (2007). Daneben trat Solbach in weiteren Produktionen von Wolfgang Rademann, wie beispielsweise Das Traumschiff oder Die Schwarzwaldklinik auf. Von 1987 bis 1990 verkörperte er in der sehr erfolgreichen Serie Das Erbe der Guldenburgs den Sohn der von Ruth Maria Kubitschek gespielten Brauereichefin Margot Balbeck. Weitere Popularität erlangte er als Dr. Stefan Frank – Der Arzt, dem die Frauen vertrauen, den er von 1995 bis 2001 verkörperte.

Neben Fernsehrollen ist er auch immer wieder am Theater zu sehen. Mehrmals spielte er bei den Bad Hersfelder Festspielen sowie bei den Luisenburg-Festspielen in Wunsiedel. Er ist auch häufiger mit Tourneetheatern im deutschsprachigen Raum unterwegs.

Daneben betätigt sich Solbach regelmäßig in der Filmsynchronisation. So lieh er etwa James Stewart und Errol Flynn in mehreren Neusynchronisationen sowie Joel McCrea in der deutschen Neufassung von Alfred Hitchcocks Der Auslandskorrespondent (1940) seine Stimme. In Alien (1979) war er die deutsche Stimme von Tom Skerritt, in Tennessee Nights die von Julian Sands, im Disney-Zeichentrickfilm Pocahontas (1995) und dessen Fortsetzung sprach er den John Smith.

Solbach lebt mit seiner zweiten Frau Claudia in München. Er ist leidenschaftlicher Segler und seit 2017 Erster Vorsitzender der Gesellschaft zur Rettung der Delphine.

Filmografie (Auswahl)
 1973: Frühbesprechung – Der Held (Fernsehserie)
 1976: Die Babenberger in Österreich (Fernsehserie)
 1976: Der Winter, der ein Sommer war (Fernseh-Dreiteiler)
 1977: Der Alte – Lohngeld (Fernsehserie)
 1978: Väter und Söhne (Fernsehserie)
 1978: Vorhang auf, wir spielen Mord (Fernsehserie)
 1979: St. Pauli-Landungsbrücken – Sabine (Fernsehserie)
 1979: Victoria (Kinofilm)
 1980: Die Geheimnisse von Paris (fünfteilige Fernseh-Miniserie, D/F)
 seit 1981: Das Traumschiff (Fernsehserie, mehrere Episoden)
 1981: Goldene Zeiten – Bittere Zeiten (Fernsehserie)
 1981: Wie man sich bettet (Fernsehserie)
 1981: Variationen (Fernsehserie)
 1982: Das heiße Herz (Fernsehfilm)
 1982: Ein Fall für zwei – Nervenkrieg (Fernsehserie)
 1982: Flöhe hüten ist leichter (Fernsehfilm)
 1983: Es gibt noch Haselnußsträucher (Fernsehfilm)
 1983: Geschichten aus der Heimat (Fernsehserie) Folge: Sag "Prost Neujahr", Liebling als Thomas
 1984: Das Traumschiff: Rio (Fernsehserie)
 1984: Titanic (Fernsehfilm)
 1985: Tod eines Schaustellers (Fernsehfilm)
 1985: Schöne Ferien (mit Simone Rethel und Claudia Rieschel)
 1985: Wie würden Sie entscheiden? – Heiratsversprechen (Fernsehserie)
 1986: Hans im Glück (Fernsehserie), als Wilfried Peters
 1987: Berliner Weiße mit Schuß – Alles für die Kätzchen (Fernsehserie)
 1987: Die Schwarzwaldklinik – Steinschlag (Fernsehserie)
 1987–1990: Das Erbe der Guldenburgs (Fernsehserie)
 1988: Tagebuch für einen Mörder (Fernsehfilm)
 1988: Die Männer vom K3 – Familienfehde (Fernsehserie)
 1989: Fabrik der Offiziere (Fernseh-Vierteiler)
 1989: Lukas und Sohn (Fernsehserie)
 1989: Radiofieber (Fernseh-Vierteiler)
 1990: La belle Anglaise – Entre collègues (Französische Fernsehserie)
 1990: Schlaraffenland (Fernsehfilm)
 1991: Insel der Träume – Der Mann aus der Vergangenheit (Fernsehserie)
 1992: Felix und 2× Kuckuck (Fernsehserie)
 1992–1994: Diese Drombuschs (Fernsehserie)
 1992: Das heiße Herz (Fernsehserie)
 1992: Tatort: Verspekuliert (Fernsehserie)
 1992: Glückliche Reise – Malediven (Fernsehreihe)
 1993–1994: Auto Fritze (Fernsehserie)
 1993: Feuer und Flamme  – Tout feu, tout femme (deutsch-französische Fernsehserie)
 1995: Durst der Rache (Fernsehserie)
 1995: Das Traumschiff – Mauritius (Fernsehserie)
 1995–2001: Dr. Stefan Frank – Der Arzt, dem die Frauen vertrauen (Fernsehserie)
 1998: Die Mädchenfalle – Der Tod kommt online (Fernsehfilm)
 1998: Im Fegefeuer der Lust (Fernsehfilm)
 1999: Die Angst in meinem Herzen (Fernsehfilm)
 2000: Fluch der Begierden (Kino)
 2000: Eine Hand schmiert die andere (Fernsehfilm)
 2001: Hässliche Vaterliebe … und ihre Lippen schweigen (Fernsehfilm)
 2001: Kalte Berührung (Fernsehfilm)
 2002: Liebe ist ein Roman (Fernsehfilm)
 2003: Das Traumschiff – Sambia und Victoriafälle (Fernsehserie)
 2003: Hilfe, ich bin Millionär (Fernsehfilm)
 2004: Am Kap der Liebe (Fernsehfilm)
 2005: Rosamunde Pilcher – Traum eines Sommers (Fernsehfilm)
 2005: Der Ferienarzt … auf Teneriffa (Fernsehserie)
 2006: Unter weißen Segeln – Träume am Horizont (Fernsehserie)
 2007: Das Traumhotel – Afrika (Fernsehserie)
 2007–2009: Die Alpenklinik (Fernsehserie)
 2008: Küstenwache – Kurzschlusshandlung (Fernsehserie)
 2009: Am Kap der Liebe – Unter der Sonne Uruguays (Fernsehfilm)
 2010: SOKO Donau – In bester Gesellschaft (Fernsehserie)
 2011: Wilsberg – Tote Hose (Fernsehserie)
 2012: Das Traumschiff – Puerto Rico (Fernsehserie)
 2012: SOKO 5113 – Ungesühnt (Fernsehserie)
 2013: Rosamunde Pilcher – Eine Frage der Ehre
 2015: SOKO Wien (Fernsehserie, 1 Episode)

Synchronrollen (Auswahl)
Quelle: Deutsche Synchronkartei

Hörspiele
 2002: Disneys Pocahontas – Das Original-Hörspiel zum Film, Walt Disney Records, EAN: 4001504196189
 2013:  Sherlock Holmes – Folge 9: Die Elfen von Cottingley, Titania Medien, ISBN 978-3-7857-4818-3

Publikationen

Literatur
 Hermann J. Huber: Langen Müller's Schauspielerlexikon der Gegenwart. Deutschland. Österreich. Schweiz. Albert Langen • Georg Müller Verlag GmbH, München • Wien 1986, ISBN 3-7844-2058-3, S. 879.

Weblinks

 Agenturprofil bei der Agentur Dietrich

Einzelnachweise

Filmschauspieler
Theaterschauspieler
Synchronsprecher
Person (Olpe)
Deutscher
Geboren 1946
Mann
Person (München)


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Responsibility Assignment Matrix: Are the WBS and organizational levels for application of the Aircraft fuel system projected overhead costs identified?
Step-by-step and complete Aircraft fuel system Project Management Forms and Templates including check box criteria and templates.
With this Three Step process you will have all the tools you need for any Aircraft fuel system project with this in-depth Aircraft fuel system Toolkit.
This Toolkit empowers people to do just that - whether their title is entrepreneur, manager, consultant, (Vice-)President, CxO etc... - they are the people who rule the future. They are the person who asks the right questions to make Aircraft fuel system investments work better.
This Aircraft fuel system All-Inclusive Toolkit enables You to be that person.


White (full name and dates of birth and death unknown) was an English cricketer. White's batting style is unknown. He most likely held the rank of captain in either the British Army or Royal Navy, as he was known as Captain White on scorecards.
White made a single first-class appearance for Surrey against Middlesex in 1850 at The Oval. Middlesex batted first and made 89 all out, to which Surrey responded to in their first-innings by making 87 all out, with White being dismissed for a duck by William Lillywhite. Middlesex then made 72 all out in their second-innings, leaving Surrey with a target of 74 for victory. Surrey reached their target with six wickets to spare, with White scoring 3 runs during the chase before he was dismissed by James Pollitt. This was his only major appearance for Surrey.


« Pat McManus Band, Steve Hill and Kenny Wayne Shepherd…in a week!
My recent application to the Big Lottery Fund has enabled me to attend Moorgate Primary School on Tuesday and Wednesday to deliver Art Workshops. Working with a Year 6 group the children were encouraged to work with "dry-point" to explore intaglio printmaking. The pupils worked extremely well, producing work of a very high quality indeed! Huge thanks to Big Lottery Fund for making the funds available, Mrs. Heyes for co-coordinating the day, Miss Anwar and Mrs. Baron for being so accommodating, Mr. Mansfield for his assistance during the workshops, Chris Rivers (Artist) for helping me throughout the day and of course Year 6 who were quite simply superb! The pupils behaved and responded in a such a way that they were a credit to the school, to their parents and to themselves. Well done Year 6!
Year 6 pupils busy at work inscribing the plates….you could have heard a pin drop such was their concentration! It was great having Chris Rivers to help me throughout the workshop…here we can be seen providing a little guidance to the talented young artists from Moorgate Primary school.
An engineer's scriber is used for inscribing a groove into the polypropylene plate. Many printmakers will use a dry-point to do this but I prefer an engineer's scriber…they have a knurled surface on the handle for improved grip and the point has a long taper providing a better view of the plate than traditional "artists" dry-points. These grooves can be cross-hatched to produce a variety of tones.
Once the image has been inscribed into the plate the plate is ready to be inked. Card (mounting card) is used to force ink into the grooves. The card is then used to remove surplus ink from the surface of the plate. We only want ink in the grooves so the surface of the plate needs to be wiped clean of ink. Following the card, scrim is used to gently remove ink from the surface and then scrap tissue paper is used for the final wipe.
"Bread and butter" paper is being removed from the water tray in this photograph. It had been soaking for at least twenty minutes making it soft enough to be forced into the the grooves of the plate when it is put through the press. The paper lifts the ink from the grooves and gives us our print. Before printing, the paper is placed into the "wet" blotter to remove excess moisture. Artist Chris Rivers can be seen about to open the blotter with his right hand for the pupil to place his paper in between the blotting paper.
The plate is placed face up on top of a sheet of tissue paper on the bed of the intaglio press. The softened bread and butter paper is placed over the plate, a second sheet of tissue paper is then positioned over the bread and butter paper, blankets go over the top and we are ready to pass the plate and paper through the steel rollers of the intaglio press.
By turning the handles the rollers are rotated and the bed passes between the rollers….pressure squeezes the paper on top of the plate pushing the soft and pliable paper into the grooves thereby lifting ink from the inscribed grooves. The paper is removed from the press and placed into the "dry" blotter. Once the paper is dry the print is ready to be trimmed to size and framed for exhibition…..
The dry-points have been dried, trimmed to size, framed and mounted ready for exhibition at the school. Please see below for a closer look at this outstanding bank of work!
Fantastic work by Year6 Moorgate Primary School pupils!!!


Spatially structured optical fields have been used to enhance the functionality of a wide variety of systems that use light for sensing or information transfer. As higher-dimensional modes become a solution of choice in optical systems, it is important to develop channel models that suitably predict the effect of atmospheric turbulence on these modes. We investigate the propagation of a set of orthogonal spatial modes across a free-space channel between two buildings separated by 1.6 km. Given the circular geometry of a common optical lens, the orthogonal mode set we choose to implement is that described by the Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) field equations. Our study focuses on the preservation of phase purity, which is vital for spatial multiplexing and any system requiring full quantumstate tomography. We present experimental data for the modal degradation in a real urban environment and draw a comparison to recognized theoretical predictions of the link. Our findings indicate that adaptations to channel models are required to simulate the effects of atmospheric turbulence placed on high-dimensional structured modes that propagate over a long distance. Our study indicates that with mitigation of vortex splitting, potentially through precorrection techniques, one could overcome the challenges in a real point-to-point free-space channel in an urban environment.
Lavery, M. P.J., Peuntinger, C., Günthner, K., Banzer, P., Elser, D., Boyd, R. W., Padgett, M. J., Marquardt, C., and Leuchs, G.


25 Best Ideas About Modern Pleasing Modern Home. 25 Best Ideas About Modern Alluring Modern Home. Top 50 Modern House S Enchanting Modern Home. 25 Best Ideas About Modern Glamorous Modern Home.
25 Best Ideas About Modern Pleasing Modern Home Design. 25 Best Ideas About Modern Alluring Modern Home Design. Top 50 Modern House Designs Enchanting Modern Home Design. Modern House Designs In Entrancing Modern Home Design. 25 Best Ideas About Modern Fair Modern Home Design. U003cinput Typehidden Prepossessing Modern Home Design. Stunning Ultra Modern House Captivating Modern Home Design.
Decorating Ideas, Home Design Modern was posted March 23, 2017 at 3:16 am by Home Design Ideas . More over Home Design Modern has viewed by 2211 visitor.
Decorating Ideas, Modern Home Design was posted March 25, 2017 at 8:46 pm by Home Design Ideas . More over Modern Home Design has viewed by 2251 visitor.
Decorating Ideas, Modern Home Designer was posted March 28, 2017 at 3:09 pm by Home Design Ideas . More over Modern Home Designer has viewed by 3296 visitor.
Decorating Ideas, Modern Home Designs was posted March 19, 2017 at 11:11 pm by Home Design Ideas . More over Modern Home Designs has viewed by 2930 visitor.


Bel Lago means Beautiful Lake (in Italian), so named for the panoramic views from our tasting room overlooking beautiful South Lake Leelanau, on the breath-taking Leelanau Peninsula. Founded in 1987 by the Iezzoni and Edson Family, our tasting room guests are invited to taste our estate wines made from grapes grown in family-owned vineyards. We are winegrowers, and believe firmly, the old adage "the wines are made in the vineyard". Bel Lago wines are based on the production of high quality fruit from select clones of a very unique varietal mix. The emphasis at Bel Lago has been on quality, with an unwavering commitment to excellence. The winemaking team of Charlie Edson (Ph.D.), Blake Lougheed (B.S.) and Cristin Hosmer (M.S.) all attended Michigan State University, the "Harvard of Agriculture" and cumulatively have 36 years of winemaking experience. They carefully craft Pinot Grigio, Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, Riesling, Auxerrois and a variety of other wines for your pleasure ... "the art of winemaking" ... in a state of the art facility.


text:
Drita D'Avanzo (née Selmani; born February 6, 1976) is an American reality star who appeared on the VH1 series Mob Wives from 2011 to 2016. She also appeared on Mob Wives spinoff Big Ang.

D'Avanzo grew up in Staten Island after her family migrated from Albania.

On The Tomorrow Show with Keven Undergaro D'Avanzo stated that she is working on a spinoff of her own. D'Avanzo makes regular appearances as herself on television, with notables including Celebrity Ghost Stories and Watch What Happens: Live. In August 2017, she was announced as a cast member on the Big Brother-style VH1 reality show Scared Famous. She is known for her hot-tempered personality.

D'Avanzo has worked for several upscale cosmetic companies as a freelance makeup artist and has launched her own cosmetics line called "Lady Boss by Drita".

She and her husband Lee D'Avanzo, who federal prosecutors allege is the leader of the Bonanno and Colombo crime family farm team, were arrested on December 19, 2019; they were charged with criminal drug and multiple firearms possession after a search warrant was executed on their home.  The firearms were a .38-caliber revolver and a 9 mm, both loaded with hollow-point bullets.  On February 21, 2020, the charges against her were dropped, while Lee pleaded not guilty to gun possession charges. On March 20, 2020, Lee pleaded guilty to the charge.  On 7 August 2020, D'Avanzo was sentenced to 64 months (5-1/3 years) in prison for the offenses.  In sentencing him, the judge cited his extensive criminal history, which entails six convictions.  He is currently incarcerated at FCI McKean, a medium security Federal prison located in Lewis Run, Pennsylvania.  As of May 2021, he is 52 years old.  His scheduled release date is 14 July 2024.

References

External links

Living people
Participants in American reality television series
American people of Albanian descent
1976 births


text:
Cooper, Yulex to collaborate on development of tire-grade guayule rubber
FINDLAY, Ohio (Feb. 29, 2012)—Cooper Tire & Rubber Co. and Yulex Corp. have entered into a partnership to jointly evaluate and develop guayule polymers and resins for tire applications, the two companies have announced.
Under the agreement, Cooper will bring its expertise in advanced polymer and materials science to the research, as well as providing its design, development and testing capabilities. Yulex will contribute its experience in developing and producing advanced engineered guayule polymers to the project.
In the publicity announcing the project, Cooper and Yulex said the development of a sustainable, high-quality alternative to traditional Hevea natural rubber and petroleum-based synthetic rubbers has become vital.
"The agreement between Cooper Tire and Yulex will facilitate development of a domestic supplemental source of natural rubber by leveraging resources and capabilities of both companies," said Chuck Yurkovich, Cooper vice president of global technology, in a press release. "Our goal is to develop a reliable source of natural rubber, thus decreasing our reliance on offshore raw materials sources."
"This agreement represents an outstanding commercial opportunity and a significant validation of our technology," said Yulex CEO Jeff Martin in the same release.
Chandler, Ariz.-based Yulex is best known for producing hypoallergenic latex for medical applications from guayule, a desert shrub native to Mexico and the southwestern U.S. It holds the exclusive license from the U.S. Department of Agriculture for USDA's patented guayule latex production technology.
Yulex has won two Green Innovator of the Year awards from the Arizona Technology Council. In November 2011, medical product giant Ansell Ltd. bought a minority interest in Yulex and also signed an exclusive agreement with Yulex for the global development, manufacturing and distribution of guayule latex medical gloves, personal protective gloves and condoms.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
#ifndef __ATK_TEXT_H__
#define __ATK_TEXT_H__

#include <glib-object.h>
#include <atk/atkobject.h>
#include <atk/atkutil.h>

#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif /* __cplusplus */

/**
 * AtkAttributeSet:
 *
 * This is a singly-linked list (a #GSList) of #AtkAttribute. It is
 * used by atk_text_get_run_attributes(), atk_text_get_default_attributes()
 * and atk_editable_text_set_run_attributes()
 **/
typedef GSList AtkAttributeSet;

/**
 * AtkAttribute:
 * @name: The attribute name. Call atk_text_attr_get_name()
 * @value: the value of the attribute, represented as a string.
 * Call atk_text_attr_get_value() for those which are strings.
 * For values which are numbers, the string representation of the number
 * is in value.
 *
 * A string name/value pair representing a text attribute.
 **/
typedef struct _AtkAttribute AtkAttribute;

struct _AtkAttribute {
  gchar* name;
  gchar* value;
};

/**
 *AtkTextAttribute
 *@ATK_TEXT_ATTR_INVALID: Invalid attribute
 *@ATK_TEXT_ATTR_LEFT_MARGIN: The pixel width of the left margin
 *@ATK_TEXT_ATTR_RIGHT_MARGIN: The pixel width of the right margin
 *@ATK_TEXT_ATTR_INDENT: The number of pixels that the text is indented
 *@ATK_TEXT_ATTR_INVISIBLE: Either "true" or "false" indicating whether text is visible or not
 *@ATK_TEXT_ATTR_EDITABLE: Either "true" or "false" indicating whether text is editable or not
 *@ATK_TEXT_ATTR_PIXELS_ABOVE_LINES: Pixels of blank space to leave above each newline-terminated line.
 *@ATK_TEXT_ATTR_PIXELS_BELOW_LINES: Pixels of blank space to leave below each newline-terminated line.
 *@ATK_TEXT_ATTR_PIXELS_INSIDE_WRAP: Pixels of blank space to leave between wrapped lines inside the same newline-terminated line (paragraph).
 *@ATK_TEXT_ATTR_BG_FULL_HEIGHT: "true" or "false" whether to make the background color for each character the height of the highest font used on the current line, or the height of the font used for the current character.
 *@ATK_TEXT_ATTR_RISE: Number of pixels that the characters are risen above the baseline
 *@ATK_TEXT_ATTR_UNDERLINE: "none", "single", "double" or "low"
 *@ATK_TEXT_ATTR_STRIKETHROUGH: "true" or "false" whether the text is strikethrough
 *@ATK_TEXT_ATTR_SIZE: The size of the characters.
 *@ATK_TEXT_ATTR_SCALE: The scale of the characters. The value is a string representation of a double
 *@ATK_TEXT_ATTR_WEIGHT: The weight of the characters.
 *@ATK_TEXT_ATTR_LANGUAGE: The language used
 *@ATK_TEXT_ATTR_FAMILY_NAME: The font family name
 *@ATK_TEXT_ATTR_BG_COLOR: The background color. The value is an RGB value of the format "%u,%u,%u"
 *@ATK_TEXT_ATTR_FG_COLOR:The foreground color. The value is an RGB value of the format "%u,%u,%u"
 *@ATK_TEXT_ATTR_BG_STIPPLE: "true" if a #GdkBitmap is set for stippling the background color.
 *@ATK_TEXT_ATTR_FG_STIPPLE: "true" if a #GdkBitmap is set for stippling the foreground color.
 *@ATK_TEXT_ATTR_WRAP_MODE: The wrap mode of the text, if any. Values are "none", "char" or "word"
 *@ATK_TEXT_ATTR_DIRECTION: The direction of the text, if set. Values are "none", "ltr" or "rtl"
 *@ATK_TEXT_ATTR_JUSTIFICATION: The justification of the text, if set. Values are "left", "right", "center" or "fill"
 *@ATK_TEXT_ATTR_STRETCH: The stretch of the text, if set. Values are "ultra_condensed", "extra_condensed", "condensed", "semi_condensed", "normal", "semi_expanded", "expanded", "extra_expanded" or "ultra_expanded"
 *@ATK_TEXT_ATTR_VARIANT: The capitalization variant of the text, if set. Values are "normal" or "small_caps"
 *@ATK_TEXT_ATTR_STYLE: The slant style of the text, if set. Values are "normal", "oblique" or "italic"
 *@ATK_TEXT_ATTR_LAST_DEFINED: not a valid text attribute, used for finding end of enumeration
 *
 * Describes the text attributes supported
 **/
typedef enum
{
  ATK_TEXT_ATTR_INVALID = 0,
  ATK_TEXT_ATTR_LEFT_MARGIN,
  ATK_TEXT_ATTR_RIGHT_MARGIN,
  ATK_TEXT_ATTR_INDENT,
  ATK_TEXT_ATTR_INVISIBLE,
  ATK_TEXT_ATTR_EDITABLE,
  ATK_TEXT_ATTR_PIXELS_ABOVE_LINES,
  ATK_TEXT_ATTR_PIXELS_BELOW_LINES,
  ATK_TEXT_ATTR_PIXELS_INSIDE_WRAP,
  ATK_TEXT_ATTR_BG_FULL_HEIGHT,
  ATK_TEXT_ATTR_RISE,
  ATK_TEXT_ATTR_UNDERLINE,
  ATK_TEXT_ATTR_STRIKETHROUGH,
  ATK_TEXT_ATTR_SIZE,
  ATK_TEXT_ATTR_SCALE,
  ATK_TEXT_ATTR_WEIGHT,
  ATK_TEXT_ATTR_LANGUAGE,
  ATK_TEXT_ATTR_FAMILY_NAME,
  ATK_TEXT_ATTR_BG_COLOR,
  ATK_TEXT_ATTR_FG_COLOR,
  ATK_TEXT_ATTR_BG_STIPPLE,
  ATK_TEXT_ATTR_FG_STIPPLE,
  ATK_TEXT_ATTR_WRAP_MODE,
  ATK_TEXT_ATTR_DIRECTION,
  ATK_TEXT_ATTR_JUSTIFICATION,
  ATK_TEXT_ATTR_STRETCH,
  ATK_TEXT_ATTR_VARIANT,
  ATK_TEXT_ATTR_STYLE,
  ATK_TEXT_ATTR_LAST_DEFINED
} AtkTextAttribute;

AtkTextAttribute         atk_text_attribute_register   (const gchar *name);

#define ATK_TYPE_TEXT                    (atk_text_get_type ())
#define ATK_IS_TEXT(obj)                 G_TYPE_CHECK_INSTANCE_TYPE ((obj), ATK_TYPE_TEXT)
#define ATK_TEXT(obj)                    G_TYPE_CHECK_INSTANCE_CAST ((obj), ATK_TYPE_TEXT, AtkText)
#define ATK_TEXT_GET_IFACE(obj)          (G_TYPE_INSTANCE_GET_INTERFACE ((obj), ATK_TYPE_TEXT, AtkTextIface))

#ifndef _TYPEDEF_ATK_TEXT_
#define _TYPEDEF_ATK_TEXT_
typedef struct _AtkText AtkText;
#endif
typedef struct _AtkTextIface AtkTextIface;

/**
 *AtkTextBoundary:
 *@ATK_TEXT_BOUNDARY_CHAR:
 *@ATK_TEXT_BOUNDARY_WORD_START:
 *@ATK_TEXT_BOUNDARY_WORD_END:
 *@ATK_TEXT_BOUNDARY_SENTENCE_START:
 *@ATK_TEXT_BOUNDARY_SENTENCE_END:
 *@ATK_TEXT_BOUNDARY_LINE_START:
 *@ATK_TEXT_BOUNDARY_LINE_END:
 *
 *Text boundary types used for specifying boundaries for regions of text
 **/
typedef enum {
  ATK_TEXT_BOUNDARY_CHAR,
  ATK_TEXT_BOUNDARY_WORD_START,
  ATK_TEXT_BOUNDARY_WORD_END,
  ATK_TEXT_BOUNDARY_SENTENCE_START,
  ATK_TEXT_BOUNDARY_SENTENCE_END,
  ATK_TEXT_BOUNDARY_LINE_START,
  ATK_TEXT_BOUNDARY_LINE_END
} AtkTextBoundary;

/**
 * AtkTextRectangle:
 * @x: The horizontal coordinate of a rectangle
 * @y: The vertical coordinate of a rectangle
 * @width: The width of a rectangle
 * @height: The height of a rectangle
 *
 * A structure used to store a rectangle used by AtkText.
 **/

typedef struct _AtkTextRectangle AtkTextRectangle;

struct _AtkTextRectangle {
  gint x;
  gint y;
  gint width;
  gint height;
};

/**
 * AtkTextRange:
 * @bounds: A rectangle giving the bounds of the text range
 * @start_offset: The start offset of a AtkTextRange
 * @end_offset: The end offset of a AtkTextRange
 * @content: The text in the text range
 *
 * A structure used to describe a text range.
 **/
typedef struct _AtkTextRange AtkTextRange;

struct _AtkTextRange {
  AtkTextRectangle bounds;
  gint start_offset;
  gint end_offset;
  gchar* content;
};

/**
 *AtkTextClipType
 *@ATK_TEXT_CLIP_NONE: No clipping to be done
 *@ATK_TEXT_CLIP_MIN: Text clipped by min coordinate is omitted
 *@ATK_TEXT_CLIP_MAX: Text clipped by max coordinate is omitted
 *@ATK_TEXT_CLIP_BOTH: Only text fully within mix/max bound is retained
 *
 *Describes the type of clipping required.
 **/
typedef enum {
    ATK_TEXT_CLIP_NONE,
    ATK_TEXT_CLIP_MIN,
    ATK_TEXT_CLIP_MAX,
    ATK_TEXT_CLIP_BOTH
} AtkTextClipType;

struct _AtkTextIface
{
  GTypeInterface parent;

  gchar*         (* get_text)                     (AtkText          *text,
                                                   gint             start_offset,
                                                   gint             end_offset);
  gchar*         (* get_text_after_offset)        (AtkText          *text,
                                                   gint             offset,
                                                   AtkTextBoundary  boundary_type,
						   gint             *start_offset,
						   gint             *end_offset);
  gchar*         (* get_text_at_offset)           (AtkText          *text,
                                                   gint             offset,
                                                   AtkTextBoundary  boundary_type,
						   gint             *start_offset,
						   gint             *end_offset);
  gunichar       (* get_character_at_offset)      (AtkText          *text,
                                                   gint             offset);
  gchar*         (* get_text_before_offset)       (AtkText          *text,
                                                   gint             offset,
                                                   AtkTextBoundary  boundary_type,
 						   gint             *start_offset,
						   gint             *end_offset);
  gint           (* get_caret_offset)             (AtkText          *text);
  AtkAttributeSet* (* get_run_attributes)         (AtkText	    *text,
						   gint	  	    offset,
						   gint             *start_offset,
						   gint	 	    *end_offset);
  AtkAttributeSet* (* get_default_attributes)     (AtkText	    *text);
  void           (* get_character_extents)        (AtkText          *text,
                                                   gint             offset,
                                                   gint             *x,
                                                   gint             *y,
                                                   gint             *width,
                                                   gint             *height,
                                                   AtkCoordType	    coords);
  gint           (* get_character_count)          (AtkText          *text);
  gint           (* get_offset_at_point)          (AtkText          *text,
                                                   gint             x,
                                                   gint             y,
                                                   AtkCoordType	    coords);
  gint		 (* get_n_selections)		  (AtkText          *text);
  gchar*         (* get_selection)	          (AtkText          *text,
						   gint		    selection_num,
						   gint		    *start_offset,
						   gint		    *end_offset);
  gboolean       (* add_selection)		  (AtkText          *text,
						   gint		    start_offset,
						   gint		    end_offset);
  gboolean       (* remove_selection)		  (AtkText          *text,
						   gint             selection_num);
  gboolean       (* set_selection)		  (AtkText          *text,
						   gint		    selection_num,
						   gint		    start_offset,
						   gint		    end_offset);
  gboolean       (* set_caret_offset)             (AtkText          *text,
                                                   gint             offset);

  /*
   * signal handlers
   */
  void		 (* text_changed)                 (AtkText          *text,
                                                   gint             position,
                                                   gint             length);
  void           (* text_caret_moved)             (AtkText          *text,
                                                   gint             location);
  void           (* text_selection_changed)       (AtkText          *text);

  void           (* text_attributes_changed)      (AtkText          *text);

  void           (* get_range_extents)            (AtkText          *text,
                                                   gint             start_offset,
                                                   gint             end_offset,
                                                   AtkCoordType     coord_type,
                                                   AtkTextRectangle *rect);

  AtkTextRange** (* get_bounded_ranges)           (AtkText          *text,
                                                   AtkTextRectangle *rect,
                                                   AtkCoordType     coord_type,
                                                   AtkTextClipType  x_clip_type,
                                                   AtkTextClipType  y_clip_type);

  AtkFunction    pad4;
};

GType            atk_text_get_type (void);

/*
 * Additional AtkObject properties used by AtkText:
 *    "accessible_text" (accessible text has changed)
 *    "accessible_caret" (accessible text cursor position changed:
 *                         editable text only)
 */

gchar*        atk_text_get_text                           (AtkText          *text,
                                                           gint             start_offset,
                                                           gint             end_offset);
gunichar      atk_text_get_character_at_offset            (AtkText          *text,
                                                           gint             offset);
gchar*        atk_text_get_text_after_offset              (AtkText          *text,
                                                           gint             offset,
                                                           AtkTextBoundary  boundary_type,
							   gint             *start_offset,
							   gint	            *end_offset);
gchar*        atk_text_get_text_at_offset                 (AtkText          *text,
                                                           gint             offset,
                                                           AtkTextBoundary  boundary_type,
							   gint             *start_offset,
							   gint             *end_offset);
gchar*        atk_text_get_text_before_offset             (AtkText          *text,
                                                           gint             offset,
                                                           AtkTextBoundary  boundary_type,
							   gint             *start_offset,
							   gint	            *end_offset);
gint          atk_text_get_caret_offset                   (AtkText          *text);
void          atk_text_get_character_extents              (AtkText          *text,
                                                           gint             offset,
                                                           gint             *x,
                                                           gint             *y,
                                                           gint             *width,
                                                           gint             *height,
                                                           AtkCoordType	    coords);
AtkAttributeSet* atk_text_get_run_attributes              (AtkText	    *text,
						           gint	  	    offset,
						           gint             *start_offset,
						           gint	 	    *end_offset);
AtkAttributeSet* atk_text_get_default_attributes          (AtkText	    *text);
gint          atk_text_get_character_count                (AtkText          *text);
gint          atk_text_get_offset_at_point                (AtkText          *text,
                                                           gint             x,
                                                           gint             y,
                                                           AtkCoordType	    coords);
gint          atk_text_get_n_selections			  (AtkText          *text);
gchar*        atk_text_get_selection			  (AtkText          *text,
							   gint		    selection_num,
							   gint             *start_offset,
							   gint             *end_offset);
gboolean      atk_text_add_selection                      (AtkText          *text,
							   gint             start_offset,
							   gint             end_offset);
gboolean      atk_text_remove_selection                   (AtkText          *text,
							   gint		    selection_num);
gboolean      atk_text_set_selection                      (AtkText          *text,
							   gint		    selection_num,
							   gint             start_offset,
							   gint             end_offset);
gboolean      atk_text_set_caret_offset                   (AtkText          *text,
                                                           gint             offset);
void          atk_text_get_range_extents                  (AtkText          *text,

                                                           gint             start_offset,
                                                           gint             end_offset,
                                                           AtkCoordType     coord_type,
                                                           AtkTextRectangle *rect);
AtkTextRange**  atk_text_get_bounded_ranges               (AtkText          *text,
                                                           AtkTextRectangle *rect,
                                                           AtkCoordType     coord_type,
                                                           AtkTextClipType  x_clip_type,
                                                           AtkTextClipType  y_clip_type);
void          atk_text_free_ranges                        (AtkTextRange     **ranges);
void 	      atk_attribute_set_free                      (AtkAttributeSet  *attrib_set);
G_CONST_RETURN gchar*  atk_text_attribute_get_name        (AtkTextAttribute attr);
AtkTextAttribute       atk_text_attribute_for_name        (const gchar      *name);
G_CONST_RETURN gchar*  atk_text_attribute_get_value       (AtkTextAttribute attr,
                                                           gint             index_);

#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif /* __cplusplus */

#endif /* __ATK_TEXT_H__ */


text:
Sean Horstead secures damning verdict at inquest into death of Andrew Hall at HMP Holme House
Sean Horstead
In a damning verdict returned late on Thursday 13 June, the jury in the inquest into the death of Andrew Hall on 27 March 2009 found that he took his own life whilst the balance of his mind was disturbed, contributed to by neglect.
This is the third short form neglect verdict returned following a self inflicted death at Holme House prison.
Following three full weeks of evidence, the lengthy jury verdict listed 21 separate failures of Andrew Hall's care and treatment at HMP Holme House. These included failures in risk assessment and risk management, and serious failures in communication.
Andrew served part of his sentence at HMP Kirklevington. Whilst there, he had attempted suicide by cutting both wrists. Following a period of hospitalisation he was transferred to Holme House prison on an open ACCT (Assessment, Care in Custody, and Teamwork - the system used for prisoners who are at risk of self harm). The jury concluded that this ACCT should not have been closed. Following the (improper) closure of the ACCT, on 23 March, Andrew was further assessed by a psychiatrist who considered him to be clearly psychotic and at significant risk of self harm. Despite this, no ACCT was re-opened, a clear failure identified by the jury. The jury found that none of the nurses in the subsequent four days had read the psychiatrist's documented assessment. As a consequence, he was not afforded the level of observations, interaction and care necessary.
As a result, despite being in a camera cell, he was not being properly observed when he first inflicted a wound to his neck four days later. The jury concluded that the failure to observe and interact contributed to his death. In a devastating criticism, the jury also found 'there was an opportunity for the staff to intervene between the time when he inflicted a wound to the vein in his neck and the time when he inflicted a wound to the artery in his neck'. This period lasted around 20 minutes, during which blood could be seen on CCTV on the floor of the cell.
The full verdict is available from INQUEST.
At the conclusion of the inquest, the deputy coroner indicated that he would be reviewing recommendations made following previous inquests into deaths at HMP Holme House before drafting his own, with specific reference to continuing failures of record keeping and communications between discipline staff, nursing staff and the mental health in-reach team.
Paula Davidson, Andrew's partner said:
"The verdict today has proven Andrew's death was unnecessary and if individuals had carried out their roles there would not have been failings in his care which resulted in Andrew's death.
"There have been a number of deaths before and after Andrew's death and we hope that lessons have been learned from today's verdict which the jury have returned.
"I would not have the truth for the family and also for our little girl today if it had not been for the support from INQUEST and I would like to thank them and Fiona Borrill and Imogen Hamblin from Lester Morrill solicitors and Sean Horstead from Garden Court Chambers for all their support throughout this four year ordeal."
Deborah Coles, co-director of INQUEST said:
"Had greater care been taken been taken of Andrew this tragic and disturbing death might not have happened at all.
"The fact that this is the third neglect verdict since 2004 should be a wake up call to the prison service. Moreover, that there have been five further self inflicted deaths there since Andrew Hall died in March 2009 suggests that little has been done to address the issues raised at this and previous inquests.
"It is crucial for the safety of all prisoners at Holme House that these failings are addressed as a matter of urgency."
The inquest has been widely reported in the media, including by The Guardian.
The family is represented by INQUEST Lawyers Group members Fiona Borrill and Imogen Hamblin from Lester Morrill solicitors and barrister Sean Horstead of Garden Court Chambers. The same team represented the families of the two other self-inflicted deaths where neglect verdicts were returned at inquest.


text:
Q: select specific cluster from 'kubectl config view' I am trying to select a specific server URL from kubectl config view
kubectl config view -o jsonpath='{.clusters[?(@.name == 'dev')].cluster. Server}'

However, this fails with:
 error: error executing jsonpath "{.clusters[?(@.name == dev)].cluster.server}": Error executing template: unrecognized identifier dev. Printing more information for debugging the template:
            template was:
                    {.clusters[?(@.name == dev)].cluster. Server}

I tested this with JSONpath.com and it's apparently valid.
What am I doing wrong?

A: Change the single quotes around dev to double quotes:
kubectl config view -o jsonpath='{.clusters[?(@.name == "dev")].cluster.server}'

You can see an example here.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Everyone in Hyderabad has heard of the Medak Church and if you grew up in this city it is highly likely that you would have even gone there on a school trip. It is after all the largest diocese in all of Asia and is believed to be second only to the Vatican, even across the globe!
What started off as a project of true Christian compassion in 1914, to mitigate the suffering of people during the three-year famine that had hit Medak then, has brought to this district its most famous landmark. It was the missionary Rev. Charles Walker Posnett's idea, to create employment rather than run a free kitchen and this massive church built in the Gothic Revival style that took 10 years to complete did achieve this objective.
Notwithstanding the fact that the church gained its most renown for its beautiful stained glass windows – which do leave one spellbound as the sunlight filters through them into the inner sanctum of the cathedral – its most striking feature remains the 175 feet bell tower.
There is more to this sleepy little town though. Telangana's most celebrated festival, Bathukamma is performed on a large scale here. Recognised as the symbol of the state's cultural identity, this nine-day festival is celebrated in honour of the Hindu Goddess Gauri. Yet another festival unique to this region is Peerla Panduga. It is but Muharram, only celebrated by both Hindus and Muslims alike across the Sufi Ashurkhanas here.
& with the Tourism Department's Heritage Hotel at the Medak Fort one can enjoy the art of slow travel right here, only an hour and half's drive away.
The Medak Fort is a testimony to the history of this district. Strategically located on a hill, this fort is known to have exploited the natural topography of the area in creating an invincible defence around itself, standing witness to Medak's significance during the reign of the Kakatiyas.
This summit today offers one gorgeous views of the surrounding city.
The view from the fort is not be missed. For it surely is an intriguing sight to see a city grow and flourish around Trinity Diagonal – a Mosque, a Temple and the Church all perfectly aligned in a diagonal cutting across Medak.
Built around the 12th century, the Medak Fort was once a command outpost for the Kakatiya, Bahamani and Qutb Shahi dynasties and is believed to have set the scene for many a battle for over five centuries.
Not much remains of the fort now, except for its three entrances – Prathama Dwaram (first entrance), Simha Dwaram (lion entrance) and Gaja Dwaram (elephant entrance). These are striking in their architecture and as their names suggest, are adorned with snarling lion heads and majestic elephants. Also standing untouched by time on the main entrance is the Ganda Bherundam, a double-headed eagle with an elephant in its talons. This mythical bird, an ancient symbol of royalty and the great Vijayanagar Empire's insignia has since been incorporated into the present day Karnataka State's emblem. One is then left to wonder if it isn't but a remnant of the symbolic consolidation of the reigning dynasties of the era.
So, while planning your next road trip from Hyderabad don't just strike Medak off your list, for there is a lot more to this district-town than just its record holding Church.
Route: Take the NH44 via Kompally to get to Medak.
Stop By: The road to Medak goes through the Narsapur Forest Range and you will find a horde of monkeys lined up all along the road. So don't forget to carry some bananas to feed these guys. They are so accustomed to this that the minute you slow your car they will stand up and look into your window to see what snacks you have got them!
Yes, agreed. Really well done story. You are so good at spotting hidden gems!
Your lens is able to capture the beauty that remains concealed to ordinary eyes.
Thank you. 🙏🏻 I was really fascinated when I noticed how they were aligned, so from there came the idea of Trinity and the post title was stuck in my head since then!


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text:
Emerging tech & innovation News
SRS Labs introduces iWow 3D
SRS Labs announced the latest generation of its sound enhancement hardware for Apple portable devices this week. The iWow 3D, designed to work in conjunction with the free iWow iOS app, is a dongle that you connect to your iPhone, iPod, or iPad's 30-pin dock connector, and then plug your headphones or 1/8-inch cable into the iWow's extended line-out jack.
By Jonathan Seff | Feb 04, 2011
|Macworld.com
SRS says the iWow retrieves and restores audio cues that are buried deep within the original source material to provide "an immersive three-dimensional sound stage with renewed depth and clarity," as well as deep bass ideal for music, videos, and games.
The product comes in two models. The $70 iWow 3D comes with the device by itself, while the $100 iWow 3D Combo includes a set of in-ear headphones and four faceplates (blue, green, pink, and silver) that you can swap in place of the standard black one.
The iWow app lets you choose whether you're connected to headphones, speakers, or a car stereo, and the advanced settings let you turn on and off any combination of Wide Surround, Deep Bass, and High Treble options. Although you can use the iWow HD with any dock-based Apple device in a simple on/off mode, the app obviously only works on the iPhone, iPod touch, and iPad.
The iWow 3D (listed at $50 on the SRS Web store) and the iWow 3D Combo (listed at $70) are currently shown as coming soon, although the press materials I received said the product should have been available by the end of January, and the company hasn't responded to a request for more information when this story was posted.
iOS 6: Everything you need to know Apple supporters on show at CES trade show


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Time for MND to take back all municipal functions from town councils
in Commentaries
by Joseph Nathan
Many Singaporeans were enraged by the blunder of the Bukit Batok Town Council that exacerbated the fire incident that led to the untimely death of Madam Goh.
This incident reveals just how the majority of our current elected representatives are lacking in technical expertise and operational experience in estate-management to be effectively managing estate in the first place.
As Town Councils are appointed by the elected MPs, isn't it ironic that Madam Goh, like other residents in Bukit Batok, had earlier voted to elect Murali Pillai as her MP but only to lose her life due to some mismanagement by him and his appointed Town Council?
While we should leave it to the investigators to determine who should be held culpable for the fire and her death, I personally think that elected representative like Murali should understand that they were elected to firstly help residents improve their lives and to address their socio-economic concerns at national level. As such, it is fair to state that he is definitely guilty of pretending to be sufficiently competent in managing the estate when he is not. The same goes to other elected representatives.
This unfortunate incident should not be allowed to come to pass but should serves as a wakeup call to all elected representatives to stop pretending, come clean and acknowledge their lack of expertise and experience, and they should collectively demand that all municipal services be returned to MND before another untimely incident happens under their watch.
Validating MND's concerns
Many Singaporeans are also getting tired of hearing endless concerns by the Ministry of National Development (MND) about Aljunied Hougang Town Council (AHTC) and yet, they have been very silent on this incident. Shouldn't MND be even more concerned about this incident and acknowledge that the majority of elected representatives lack the expertise to manage their estate and take back these responsibilities before another incident or death?
MND has the technical and organizational expertise to manage the role of Town Council, and if all municipal services are to be managed by MND, it can definitely secure some economic of scale and help reduce our Service & Conservancy Charges (S&CC). Wouldn't it be delightful if MND can demonstrate its estate management competencies and help Singaporeans save on our monthly S&C charges? This will also open up a lot of competency-based employment for many Singaporeans.
There are even more reasons as to why MND should take back all municipal services and free our elected representatives from such mundane works so that they can play their part in improving our socio-economic imbalances.
Time to de-politicise:
In every other functional democracy, voters use their vote to elect representative that they think can serve them and the country best. Unfortunately in Singapore, municipal services have been used to make it harder for an independent candidate or opposition party to be elected. Workers Party is a case in point.
With so many Singaporeans being retrenched and forced to become hire-car drivers, taxi-drivers or even take on delivery or security jobs, can we ever elect representatives from this segment of the population into parliament as long as this political impediment remains?
While the 4G PAP government is delighted about nominating our hawker culture on UNESCO, can any hawker or individual working in the Food and Beverage (F&B) sector be elected into parliament to represent this huge segment of our population if Singaporeans do not help them remove such impediment?
Many Singaporeans have been complaining about how incompetent or out of touch the majority of the current 4G PAP politicians have been. It is precisely because many of these politicians had never had to struggle with a tough day or experience the daily hardship faced by many Singaporeans. Instead, these politicians are afforded with a good life from the PAP.
Logically, why would any of them "rock the boat" and risks losing their golden rice bowl for fellow Singaporeans? Call them selfish or unpatriotic but they are laughing all the way to the bank. If it pays to be mute or absent from parliament, why are patriotic Singaporeans still expecting them to effect some positive change on their behalf?
As such, Singaporeans must really wake up and be realistic. If they want their concerns and plights to be addressed, they have to vote for their fellow Singaporeans who are in their same boat. Being a hired-car driver, taxi-driver, hawker or be in the F&B or logistic sector should be seen as an advantage since many of these individuals know the concerns and plights of their fellow Singaporeans first hand, and also the reasons why so many Singaporeans are being retrenched into these back-breaking jobs in the first place.
It is imperative that some of these individuals be given a fair chance to be voted into parliament. To do so, we need to help them remove this political impediment by asking MND to dismantle this political barrier and take back all municipal service so that all elected representatives can concentrate on serving their residents and help address the current imbalance of our socio-economic policies that are discriminating and disadvantaging Singaporeans.
As 2019 comes to a close, I hope all patriotic Singaporeans will give some thoughts to their fellow Singaporeans and empathize with their concerns and plights. We do have an imbalanced socio-economic policy that is disadvantaging and discriminating against the average Singaporeans. If the current 4G politicians have been competent, patriotic or even remotely concern, many of our pertinent issues and problems would have been solved years ago.
Time for patriotic Singaporeans to be voting for representatives that truly care for the well-being of fellow Singaporeans into parliament as Singapore truly deserves better…
This was first published on Joseph Nathan's Facebook page and reproduced with permission


The memory of man, even that of the Oldest Inhabitant, runneth not back to the time when there did not exist a feud between the North End and the South End boys of Rivermouth.
The origin of the feud is involved in mystery; it is impossible to say which party was the first aggressor in the far-off anterevolutionary ages; but the fact remains that the youngsters of those antipodal sections entertained a mortal hatred for each other, and that this hatred had been handed down from generation to generation, like Miles Standish's punch-bowl.
I know not what laws, natural or unnatural, regulated the warmth of the quarrel; but at some seasons it raged more violently than at others. This winter both parties were unusually lively and antagonistic. Great was the wrath of the South-Enders, when they discovered that the North-Enders bad thrown up a fort on the crown of Slatter's Hill.
Slatter's Hill, or No-man's-land, as it was generally called, was a rise of ground covering, perhaps, an acre and a quarter, situated on an imaginary line, marking the boundary between the two districts. An immense stratum of granite, which here and there thrust out a wrinkled boulder, prevented the site from being used for building purposes. The street ran on either side of the hill, from one part of which a quantity of rock had been removed to form the underpinning of the new jail. This excavation made the approach from that point all but impossible, especially when the ragged ledges were a-glitter with ice. You see what a spot it was for a snow-fort.
The rear of the entrenchment, being protected by the quarry, was left open. The walls were four feet high, and twenty-two inches thick, strengthened at the angles by stakes driven firmly into the ground.
Fancy the rage of the South-Enders the next day, when they spied our snowy citadel, with Jack Harris's red silk pocket handkerchief floating defiantly from the flag-staff.
In less than an hour it was known all over town, in military circles at least, that the "Puddle-dockers" and the "River-rats' (these were the derisive sub-titles bestowed on our South-End foes) intended to attack the fort that Saturday afternoon.
At two o'clock all the fighting boys of the Temple Grammar School, and as many recruits as we could muster, lay behind the walls of Fort Slatter, with three hundred compact snowballs piled up in pyramids, awaiting the approach of the enemy. The enemy was not slow in making his approach-fifty strong, headed by one Mat Ames. Our forces were under the command of General J. Harris.
Before the action commenced, a meeting was arranged between the rival commanders, who drew up and signed certain rules and regulations respecting the conduct of the battle. As it was impossible for the North-Enders to occupy the fort permanently, it was stipulated that the South-Enders should assault it only on Wednesday and Saturday afternoons between the hours of two and six. For them to take possession of the place at any other time was not to constitute a capture, but on the contrary was to be considered a dishonorable and cowardly act.
The North-Enders, on the other hand, agreed to give up the fort whenever ten of the storming party succeeded in obtaining at one time a footing on the parapet, and were able to hold the same for the space of two minutes. Both sides were to abstain from putting pebbles into their snow-balls, nor was it permissible to use frozen ammunition. A snow-ball soaked in water and left out to cool was a projectile which in previous years had been resorted to with disastrous results.
These preliminaries settled, the commanders retired to their respective corps. The interview had taken place on the hillside between the opposing lines.
General Harris divided his men into two bodies; the first comprised the most skilful marksmen, or gunners; the second, the reserve force, was composed of the strongest boys, whose duty it was to repel the scaling parties, and to make occasional sallies for the purpose of capturing prisoners, who were bound by the articles of treaty to faithfully serve under our flag until they were exchanged at the close of the day.
The repellers were called light infantry; but when they carried on operations beyond the fort they became cavalry. It was also their duty, when not otherwise engaged, to manufacture snow-balls. The General's staff consisted of five Templars (I among the number, with the rank of Major), who carried the General's orders and looked after the wounded.
General Mat Ames, a veteran commander, was no less wide-awake in the disposition of his army. Five companies, each numbering but six men, in order not to present too big a target to our sharpshooters, were to charge the fort from different points, their advance being covered by a heavy fire from the gunners posted in the rear. Each scaler was provided with only two rounds of ammunition, which were not to be used until he had mounted the breastwork and could deliver his shots on our heads.
The drawing below represents the interior of the fort just previous to the assault. Nothing on earth could represent the state of things after the first volley.
The thrilling moment had now arrived. If I had been going into a real engagement I could not have been more deeply impressed by the importance of the occasion.
The fort opened fire first-a single ball from the dexterous band of General Harris taking General Ames in the very pit of his stomach. A cheer went up from Fort Slatter. In an instant the air was thick with flying missiles, in the midst of which we dimly descried the storming parties sweeping up the hill, shoulder to shoulder. The shouts of the leaders, and the snowballs bursting like shells about our ears, made it very lively.
Not more than a dozen of the enemy succeeded in reaching the crest of the hill; five of these clambered upon the icy walls, where they were instantly grabbed by the legs and jerked into the fort. The rest retired confused and blinded by our well-directed fire.
When General Harris (with his right eye bunged up) said, 'Soldiers, I am proud of you!" my heart swelled in my bosom.
The victory, however, had not been without its price. Six North-Enders, having rushed out to harass the discomfited enemy, were gallantly cut off by General Ames and captured. Among these were Lieutenant P. Whitcomb (who had no business to join in the charge, being weak in the knees), and Captain Fred Langdon, of General Harris's staff. Whitcomb was one of the most notable shots on our side, though he was not much to boast of in a rough-and-tumble fight, owing to the weakness before mentioned. General Ames put him among the gunners, and we were quickly made aware of the loss we had sustained, by receiving a frequent artful ball which seemed to light with unerring instinct on any nose that was the least bit exposed. I have known one of Pepper's snow-balls, fired pointblank, to turn a comer and hit a boy who considered himself absolutely safe.
But we had no time for vain regrets. The battle raged. Already there were two bad cases of black eye, and one of nosebleed, in the hospital.
It was glorious excitement, those pell-mell onslaughts and hand-to-hand struggles. Twice we were within an ace of being driven from our stronghold, when General Harris and his staff leaped recklessly upon the ramparts and hurled the besiegers heels over head down hill.
At sunset, the garrison of Fort Slatter was still unconquered, and the South-Enders, in a solid phalanx, marched off whistling "Yankee Doodle," while we cheered and jeered them until they were out of hearing.
General Ames remained behind to effect an exchange of prisoners. We held thirteen of his men, and he eleven of ours. General Ames proposed to call it an even thing, since many of his eleven prisoners were officers, while nearly all our thirteen captives were privates. A dispute arising on this point, the two noble generals came to fisticuffs, and in the-fracas our brave commander got his remaining well eye badly damaged. This didn't prevent him from writing a general order the next day, on a slate, in which he complimented the troops on their heroic behavior.
On the following Wednesday the siege was renewed. I forget whether it was on that afternoon or the next that we lost Fort Slatter; but lose it we did, with much valuable ammunition and several men. After a series of desperate assaults, we forced General Ames to capitulate; and he, in turn, made the place too hot to hold us. So from day to day the tide of battle surged to and fro, sometimes favoring our arms, and sometimes those of the enemy.
General Ames handled his men with great skill; his deadliest foe could not deny that. Once he outgeneralled our commander in the following manner: He massed his gunners on our left and opened a brisk fire, under cover of which a single company (six men) advanced on that angle of the fort. Our reserves on the right rushed over to defend the threatened point. Meanwhile, four companies of the enemy's scalers made a detour round the foot of the hill, and dashed into Fort Slatter without opposition. At the same moment General Ames's gunners closed in on our left, and there we were between two fires. Of course we had to vacate the fort. A cloud rested on General Harris's military reputation until his superior tactics enabled him to dispossess the enemy.
As the winter wore on, the war-spirit waxed fiercer and fiercer. At length the provision against using heavy substances in the snow-balls was disregarded. A ball stuck full of sand-bird shot came tearing into Fort Slatter. In retaliation, General Harris ordered a broadside of shells; i. e. snow-balls containing marbles. After this, both sides never failed to freeze their ammunition.
It was no longer child's play to march up to the walls of Fort Slatter, nor was the position of the besieged less perilous. At every assault three or four boys on each side were disabled. It was not an infrequent occurrence for the combatants to hold up a flag of truce while they removed some insensible comrade.
Matters grew worse and worse. Seven North-Enders had been seriously wounded, and a dozen South-Enders were reported on the sick list. The selectmen of the town awoke to the fact of what was going on, and detailed a posse of police to prevent further disturbance. The boys at the foot of the hill, South-Enders as it happened, finding themselves assailed in the rear and on the flank, turned round and attempted to beat off the watchmen. In this they were sustained by numerous volunteers from the fort, who looked upon the interference as tyrannical.
The watch were determined fellows, and charged the boys valiantly, driving them all into the fort, where we made common cause, fighting side by side like the best of friends. In vain the four guardians of the peace rushed up the hill, flourishing their clubs and calling upon us to surrender. They could not get within ten yards of the fort, our fire was so destructive. In one of the onsets a man named Mugridge, more valorous than his peers, threw himself upon the parapet, when he was seized by twenty pairs of hands, and dragged inside the breastwork, where fifteen boys sat down on him to keep him quiet.
Perceiving that it was impossible with their small number to dislodge us, the watch sent for reinforcements. Their call was responded to, not only by the whole constabulary force (eight men), but by a numerous body of citizens, who had become alarmed at the prospect of a riot. This formidable array brought us to our senses: we began to think that maybe discretion was the better part of valor. General Harris and General Ames, with their respective staffs, held a council of war in the hospital, and a backward movement was decided on. So, after one grand farewell volley, we fled, sliding, jumping, rolling, tumbling down the quarry at the rear of the fort, and escaped without losing a man.
But we lost Fort Slatter forever. Those battle-scarred ramparts were razed to the ground, and humiliating ashes sprinkled over the historic spot, near which a solitary lynx-eyed policeman was seen prowling from time to time during the rest of the winter.


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The capitulation of the South Korean unions
Peter Symonds@SymondsWSWS
Over the past decade the emergence of a mass, semi-legal, militant trade union movement in South Korea has been cited by various radical and "left" tendencies around the world as evidence that trade unionism is a viable perspective in today's global economy.
These assertions were based on the record of the Korean Confederation of Trade Unions (KCTU). The KCTU led large strikes for higher wages and trade union rights in the 1980s and early 1990s, often in violent confrontations with the military and US-backed regimes of Generals Chun Doo Hwan and Roh Tae Woo.
Workers in any country who were influenced by this perspective, however, should take a hard look at recent events in South Korea. In the space of a few weeks, the outlook of the petty bourgeois radicals and ex-radicals was put to the test.
Late last year, as a key element of its $US55 billion package to restructure the crisis-ridden South Korean economy, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) insisted that Kim Dae Jung's incoming government scrap the country's system of life-long employment and open the door for mass layoffs throughout industry.
Kim, elected last year as a dissident and a "democrat," immediately sought to implement the IMF's dictates by convening tripartite talks with big business and representatives of the KCTU and the state-run Federation of Korean Trade Unions (FKTU).
After initially opposing any negotiations, the KCTU leadership last month joined the talks. By early February, after threats of strike action had failed to alter Kim Dae Jung's stance, the KCTU leaders caved in and agreed to a package of legislative changes which allow mass retrenchments on a scale not seen in South Korea for decades.
Behind this abject capitulation lay the failure and collapse of a political perspective. Only months before, the KCTU had supported Kim during the presidential election campaign. Recognising that any serious struggle against the changes to the labour laws would inevitably involve an industrial and political confrontation with both the new government and the IMF, the KCTU leadership signed on the dotted line.
The reaction in the working class was very different. As news of the deal filtered onto the shop floor, a revolt erupted. Even the capitalist daily, the Korean Times, reported that KCTU offices were flooded by angry phone calls demanding the agreement be repudiated. Workers understood that the legislation would pave the way for mass unemployment. Only twelve months earlier, the KCTU and FKTU leaders had felt compelled to organise national strikes against the attempt by the previous government of Kim Young Sam to bring in similar legislation.
On February 9 a specially convened meeting of KCTU delegates overwhelmingly rejected the deal, forced the entire union leadership to resign and elected an emergency committee to organise indefinite national strike action starting on February 13. A major showdown loomed as Kim Dae Jung rejected any compromise, mobilised thousands of riot police and threatened to use "whatever means necessary" to crush any strikes.
The opportunist "left" in every country maintains that the trade unions are essentially healthy workers' organisations and that their basic problem is the existence of treacherous individual union leaders. They insist that replacement of such leaders can convert the unions into progressive, and perhaps even socialist, organisations.
As events were to quickly demonstrate, however, the workers' situation in South Korea was not resolved or even markedly improved by replacing "bad" individual leaders or even an entire union leadership. The political perspective of the new emergency committee was no different from that of the leadership that had been tossed out.
As soon as it became apparent that Kim Dae Jung was not going to negotiate, despite the threat of an indefinite strike, the KCTU again gave in. Only days after being installed, on the eve of the strikes, the new leadership unconditionally called off all industrial action. In the words of KCTU leader Dan Byong Ho, the strike was called off because it "would cause serious problems to the economy."
This phrase reveals a great deal. The limited gains made by Korean workers in the recent past were achieved within the framework of a highly regulated national economy. But as has become apparent in South Korea in the last six months, the globalisation of production has undermined the basis for all forms of national economic regulation. The IMF is demanding the dismantling of all barriers to the free flow of international capital and the exploitation of the South Korean working class.
A struggle against the government and the IMF could only be sustained on the basis of an alternative political and economic perspective, directly challenging the requirements of the capitalist market and the private profit system. Fundamental political issues were raised, directly out of the immediate struggle at hand. If the administration of Kim Dae Jung was defeated and brought down, then what would replace it? How would any other capitalist government confront the acute economic crisis? Could the working class instead take charge of society?
The trade unions, even the most militant, have proven organically incapable of answering such questions or challenging the constraints set by the capitalist economy. By their very nature they have sought to confine workers to pressuring employers, individually and collectively, for a better price for the sale of workers' labour power.
Now, in order to protect the "economy," the KCTU will enforce legislation that will pave the way for the official jobless total, which stood at 660,000 at the end of January, to grow to an estimated 1.5 million by the end of 1998.
The KCTU's capitulation underscores the necessity for not only the South Korean workers, but working people worldwide, to adopt a new, anti-capitalist perspective and turn to the building of new forms of organisation--above all, mass socialist parties which have as their aim the taking of power by the working class and the restructuring of society on the basis of social need, not profit.
North and South KoreaAsia and the PacificGlobal class struggle


Sunshine early then becoming cloudy later in the day. High 88F. Winds SW at 10 to 15 mph..
The Kmart at 201 N. Berkeley Blvd. is closing.
Employees at the store were informed of the closing Wednesday morning.
Kmart and Sears stores are owned by Sears Holding Co. that Wednesday morning told employees at 78 Kmarts and 26 Sears stores across the country that the stores would be closing this spring.
The Goldsboro Sears store was not on the closure list, a company spokesperson said.
A sign on the Goldsboro store's front door Wednesday said that no new lay-a-ways would be accepted after Jan. 4.
A press release on the closing did not mention the fate of the Sears auto shop located at the Kmart store.