text:
McCarten Anthony
From the prize-winning screenwriter of The Theory of Everything, this is a cinematic, behind-the-scenes account of a crucial moment which takes us inside the mind of one of the world's greatest leaders - and provides a revisionist, more rounded portrait of his leadership. May, 1940. Britain is at war, European democracies are falling rapidly and the public are unaware of this dangerous new world. Just days after his unlikely succession to Prime Minister, Winston Churchill, faces this horror - and a sceptical King and a party plotting against him. He wonders how he can capture the public mood and does so, magnificently, before leading the country to victory. It is this fascinating period that Anthony McCarten captures in this deeply researched, gripping day-by-day (and often hour-by-hour) narrative. In doing so he revises the familiar view of Churchill - he made himself into the iconic figure we remember and changed the course of history, but through those turbulent and dangerous weeks he was plagued by doubt, and even explored a peace treaty with Nazi Germany. It's a scarier, and more human story, than has ever been told.
How Churchill brought us back from the brink


text:
The London Film Critics' Circle Award for Foreign Language of the Year in an annual award given by the London Film Critics' Circle.

List of winners

Film awards for Best Foreign Language Film
Foreign Language

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


This is the re-release of a PLACE TO LAND, the third studio album by Country music group Little Big Town. In addition to the project's 12 original tracks, this re-release features four brand new studio tracks, as well as "Life in a Northern Town," a live collaboration with former tour mates 7 Sugarland and Jake Owen. Riding on the success the album's hit single "Fine Line," a PLACE TO LAND demonstrates the group's continuing growth and evolution.


You've probably seen it. The movie posters with an array of skin tones and scream forced diversity. But what we see today in the media does more bad than good.
Hollywood has always had a problem with whitewashing and segregation. The extremely controversial Birth of a Nation was released only a little over a century ago, and examples of whitewashing include from casting Scarlett Johansson as a Japanese anime character to Ben Affleck portraying a Hispanic role. Typecasting is abundant in the film industry, also causing many South Asian actors stranded with no roles other than hideously stereotypical parts to play.
As a young child, I grew up in love with movies and shows. I would be watching the shows that are filled to the brim with nostalgia, and the newest film that was the talk of the first-grade classroom. But the thing is, even though I watched countless films and shows, I never saw Asian roles or other people of color on the screen that weren't ultra-cliche. I saw the occasional sassy black sidekick to the white main protagonist or the Asian friend who feared their tiger mom, both were which for comic relief. I have always been part of a white majority community, and I felt so culturally isolated partly due to the fact that there was no one on the big screen that accurately represented who I am.
But it's 2019 and we have seen growth nowadays, from the culturally rich Black Panther, empowering Captain Marvel, and the box-office hit Crazy Rich Asians. These movies shine the light on the many people in the audience who have not seen people similar to them on the big screen. Kids who are like the five-year-old me. However, a lot of movies and shows emphasize the presence of minorities instead of normalizing them.
The big screen doesn't accurately represent the nation's population. According to the 2019 UCLA Hollywood Diversity Report, only 22.2% of lead actors on the tv screen were a minority. For an accurate statistic that would match the 39.4% of minorities living in the U.S, it would have to nearly double. Clearly, caucasian men dominate the industry, making up a whopping 77% of roles. There are three times more white men than minorities in the television industry.
By just glancing at the statistics, it's perplexing. What we see today does not match up to what see today. For an industry that deals with having the audience relate to characters, it seems that only a fraction can do so. If Hollywood is diversified now, as it claims to be, then why do the numbers not match up with its appearance? What we have fallen victim to is the availability heuristic. The availability heuristic is a mental shortcut that relies on immediate examples that come to a given person's mind when evaluating a specific topic, concept, method or decision.
What we see is the "new Hollywood" facade, claiming to be revamped and all-inclusive. At an incredibly fast pace, social media users spread the news of the newest diversified production, scattered all around our feed, creating an illusion that Hollywood is diverse. Because of this effect, a survey found that 42% of 2,201 U.S. adults believe that there are enough roles for people of color. This means that nearly half of the adults who participated in the survey have fallen to the mental shortcut. The progressive films that we see today have stood out so much that we are seeing a false positive correlation between Hollywood and it appropriately representing minorities. The simple assumption that this level of diversity is enough slows down the progress we have made today. It weakens the incentive to accurately represent the true population.
Diversity sells. In fact, cultural diversity rakes in a huge sum of money at the box office. Culturally diverse films earned $169.8 million dollars on average, compared to movies with less than 11% minority, which made less than $50 million dollars. However, even when diversified films are garnering attention and earning dramatically more money, directors still revert to Hollywood's old ways, as growth is slow.
There are more benefits to having a diverse film than having a culturally ignorant film. This includes far better box office revenue, roles open to more actors who have yet to have the limelight on them, and positive publicity. The question that withstands today is, if the pros outweigh the cons when it comes to directing diverse movies, then why are there such a small number of culturally open films? There is no single valid answer, but it reveals the harsh reality of Hollywood: it does not want to come to terms with its internalized prejudice. In order to combat this problem, the existence of minorities needs to be normalized. Society is not made up of stereotypes, and no single type represents a group of people. That needs to be reflected in the movies and shows that we watch in order to reach the potential the film and T.V. industry has yet to discover.
Accurate representation is not a clever marketing tool to make as much money as possible, but automatic. At this point in 2019, including people of color in productions should not be celebrated, it should be the bare minimum.
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text:
\section{Introduction}

The Heisenberg uncertainty principle \cite{heisenberg27,ballentine98} is a
cornerstone of quantum theory. It establishes a lower bound on the product
of the variances of non-commuting observables. More specifically, let $\hat{
}$ and $\hat{p}$ denote the position and momentum operators and $|\Psi
_{t}\rangle =\exp \left( -\frac{i\hat{H}t}{\hbar }\right) |\Psi _{0}\rangle $
a wavefunction evolved to time $t$ from its form $|\Psi _{0}\rangle $ at
time $0$ under the Hamiltonian operator $\hat{H}$. The mean values of the
position and the momentum at any time $t$ are $\bar{q}_{t}=\left\langle \Psi
_{t}\left\vert \hat{q}\right\vert \Psi _{t}\right\rangle ,\bar{p
_{t}=\left\langle \Psi _{t}\left\vert \hat{p}\right\vert \Psi
_{t}\right\rangle $. The Heisenberg uncertainty principle then assures us
that at any time $t$ the product of the variances $\Delta
q_{t}^{2}=\left\langle \Psi _{t}\left\vert \hat{q}^{2}-\bar{q
_{t}^{2}\right\vert \Psi _{t}\right\rangle $ and $\Delta
p_{t}^{2}=\left\langle \Psi _{t}\left\vert \hat{p}^{2}-\bar{p
_{t}^{2}\right\vert \Psi _{t}\right\rangle $ is bounded from below - $\Delta
q_{t}^{2}\Delta p_{t}^{2}\geq \hbar ^{2}/4$. In these relations time is
considered to be the external time as defined for example by Busch \cit
{busch08}. In his words, it is "the time period between the preparation and
the instant at which a measurement of, say, position is performed." The
concept of time which we will consistently use in this paper is this
external time.

The experimental implications of the uncertainty relation are well
understood. Repeated independent measurement of the momentum and position of
particles, lead to an uncertainty which is greater or equal to the
Heisenberg lower bound \cite{ballentine98}. More specifically, equal copies
of the same particle are prepared at some initial time $t=0$. These are
described by the wavefunction $|\Psi _{0}\rangle $. The particles are
allowed to evolve up to some time $t$ and at this time, either their
position or their momentum is measured. Multiple repetition of such a
measurement will lead to the observation of a mean momentum and position and
standard deviations from the means whose product is bounded from below by
\hbar /2$. The uncertainty relation as presented above differs from the more
general measurement-disturbance relation of Ozawa \cite{ozawa03} which was
subsequently derived using weak values \cite{lund10} and verified
experimentally by Steinberg and coworkers \cite{rozema12}.

It should be emphasized that the constraint on the standard deviations holds
only if measurements are carried out after the same time interval $t$ passed
between preparation ($t=0$) and measurement. If one measures the momentum at
time $t_{1}$ and the position at time $t_{2}\neq t_{1}$ then the uncertainty
product relation for the standard deviations no longer holds in the simple
form presented above. It is important to note that the Heisenberg principle
does not prevent one from determining with high precision either the
coordinate or the momentum at a specified time $t$. It only disallows the
precise simultaneous determination of the values of both the coordinate and
the momentum at the same time $t$.

A central result of this paper is an analog of these last statements in
connection with a post selected value of the position $x$, analogous to the
precisely determined external time interval $t$ and determination of the
momentum. We will show that the Heisenberg relation does not prevent us from
constructing a scenario in which we can predict with a certainty which is
greater than the Heisenberg limitation, the momentum of a particle when it
reaches a post selected position $x$. The scenario we present precludes the
ability to predict accurately the time at which the particle arrives at the
point $x$. Different particles may arrive at $x$ \textit{at different times}
and therefore {\ the product of} their uncertainties in position and
momentum are not limited by the Heisenberg relations. We will {\ also} show
that the ability to {\ pinpoint} the momentum and position of the particle
comes at the price of not being able to predict at what time the particle
will reach the point $x$, if at all. We do know that if it reaches the point
$x$ it will have with some certainty a known momentum $p$.

To justify this assertion, it is necessary to consider the energy time
uncertainty relation. One of the challenges is that the simple derivation of
an uncertainty relation for the coordinate and momentum does not exist for
energy and time. Busch argues \cite{busch08} that "there is no unique
universal relation that could stand on equal footing with the
position-momentum uncertainty relation". With respect to the external time
he notes that "External time is sharply defined at all scales relevant to a
given experiment. Hence there is no scope for an uncertainty interpretation
with respect to external time." Hilgevoord \cite{hilgevoord96} claimed that
"there is no reason why a Heisenberg relation should hold ... between the
time coordinate and the energy of the system."

As originally discussed by Pauli \cite{pauli33} one of the difficulties in
defining energy time uncertainties comes from the fact that the energy
spectrum of the Hamiltonian operator is typically bounded from below. These
assertions notwithstanding, a second central result of this paper is the
derivation of a general energy - external time uncertainty principle based
on time averaging of weak values. To prevent any
misunderstanding, the energy time uncertainty relation we derive does not
involve a time operator. It cannot be over-stressed that in this paper, time
is considered only as an external time as defined by Busch, yet it is
measurable, as evidenced by the time dependent Schr{\"o}dinger equation.

The results described above will be derived by using a combination of two
formalisms. One is the quantum transition path time formalism \cit
{pollak17c}, by which one determines the (external) time distribution of a
particle localized initially ($t=0$) as described by the wavefunction $\Psi
_{0}$, reaching the point $x$ at time $t$. The second formalism to be used
is that of weak values \cite{aharonov88,wiseman07,mitchison07,tamir13}. The
new element to be introduced in this paper is the combination of the two
formalisms, that is time averaging of weak values using the transition path
time distribution. The results derived in this paper are based on this time
averaging of weak values. Our assertions will be supported with some model
computations for the tunneling scattering of a particle through a one
dimensional square barrier. These model computations exemplify
the practical implications of the weak value time energy uncertainty relation stressing
again, that there is no need to define a time operator. All that is needed
are time of flight measurements.

\section{Time averaging and a weak value energy time uncertainty principle}

Limiting the discussion to one dimension, we use the definition of the normalized transition
path time distribution for finding a particle at the post selected point $x$ as in Ref. \cite{petersen17}:
\begin{equation}
P\left( t;x\right) =\frac{\left\langle \Psi _{t}\left\vert \delta \left(
\hat{q}-x\right) \right\vert \Psi _{t}\right\rangle }{\int_{0}^{\infty
}dt\left\langle \Psi _{t}\left\vert \delta \left( \hat{q}-x\right)
\right\vert \Psi _{t}\right\rangle }\equiv \frac{\left\vert \left\langle
x|\Psi _{t}\right\rangle \right\vert ^{2}}{N\left( x\right) }.  \label{1}
\end{equation
It gives the probability of finding the system at time $t$ at the post
selected point $x$. Implicit in this definition is the assumption that the
normalization time integral in the denominator converges.

We note here at the outset that the transition path time
distribution is in principle measurable using a suitably defined time of
flight experiment. One places a screen at the post-selected point $x$ and
two synchronized clocks, one at the orifice of the emerging particles and
the other at the screen. For example, in single atom time-of-flight
experiments \cite{Fuhrmanek2010}, particles are released from a trap \cit
{Du2015} at time zero, and the arrival time at a detector screen is
recorded.

The weak value of an operator $\hat{O}$ at the post selected point x is
defined as \cite{tamir13}
\begin{equation}
O_{w}\left( x,t\right) =\frac{\left\langle x\left\vert \hat{O}\right\vert
\Psi _{t}\right\rangle }{\left\langle x|\Psi _{t}\right\rangle }.  \label{2}
\end{equation
It is well known that the spatial average of the weak value is
identical to the result of a strong measurement, that is
\begin{equation}
\int_{-\infty }^{\infty }dx\left\vert \left\langle x|\Psi _{t}\right\rangle
\right\vert ^{2}O_{w}\left( x,t\right) =\left\langle \Psi _{t}\left\vert
\hat{O}\right\vert \Psi _{t}\right\rangle .  \label{2a}
\end{equation
This does not mean that one cannot measure the weak value precisely, indeed,
repeated weak measurement experiments in which the weak value is measured
after the same time interval $t$ and at the same post-selected position $x$
will give the weak value as defined in Eq. \ref{2}. However, at different
post-selected values of the coordinate $x$, one will find different weak
values. Their spatial average as defined in Eq. \ref{2a} will lead to the
strong value.

Similarly, and this is a central new concept introduced in this paper, one
may define a time averaged mean of the weak value
\begin{equation}
\left\langle O\left( x\right) \right\rangle \equiv \int_{0}^{\infty
}dtP\left( t;x\right) O_{w}\left( x,t\right) .  \label{3}
\end{equation
Measuring the weak value at different times will give different
results. Time averaging them will give the time averaged weak value as
defined in Eq. \ref{3}. In different words, consider the time of flight
experiment. The screen is located at the post-selected point $x$. The
particle will arrive at the screen at different times. For each fixed time
there will be a weak value which may be measured. It will though be
different at different times. Its time average is defined in Eq. \ref{3}. In
the following we will use the notatio
\begin{equation}
\left\langle O_{1}\left( x\right) O_{2}\left( x\right) \right\rangle \equiv
\int_{0}^{\infty }dtP\left( t;x\right) O_{1,w}\left( x,t\right)
O_{2,w}\left( x,t\right)   \label{3a}
\end{equation
to denote the time average of a product of weak values. We will also use the bracket notation for moments of the time parameter:
\begin{equation}
\langle t^n(x)\rangle=\int_0^{\infty}dtt^nP(t;x)
\label{3b}
\end{equation}

With these preliminaries, following the standard derivation of the
uncertainty principle \cite{cohentannoudji77} we consider the inequality
\begin{equation}
0\leq \frac{1}{N\left( x\right) }\int_{0}^{\infty }dt\left\langle
x\left\vert t{\hat{I}}-i\lambda \hat{H}\right\vert \Psi _{t}\right\rangle
\left\langle \Psi _{t}\left\vert t{\hat{I}}+i\lambda \hat{H}\right\vert
x\right\rangle  \label{4}
\end{equation
where $\lambda $ is an arbitrary real number, $t$ is the scalar value of the
time, $\hat{I}$ is the identity operator and $\hat{H}$ is the Hamiltonian
operator. We stress that the time as used here is just a
parameter, not an operator. It multiplies the identity operator which is of
course hermitian. Therefore the product as defined on the r.h.s of Eq. \re
{4} is necessarily positive. Noting that
\begin{equation}
\hat{H}|\Psi _{t}\rangle =i\hbar \frac{\partial }{\partial t}|\Psi
_{t}\rangle  \label{5}
\end{equation
allows us to rewrite the inequality in \ref{4} as:
\begin{equation}
0\leq \int_{0}^{\infty }dtt^{2}P\left( t;x\right) +\lambda \hbar
\int_{0}^{\infty }dtt\frac{\partial }{\partial t}P\left( t;x\right) +\lambda
^{2}\int_{0}^{\infty }dtP\left( t;x\right) \frac{\left\langle x\left\vert
\hat{H}\right\vert \Psi _{t}\right\rangle \left\langle \Psi _{t}\left\vert
\hat{H}\right\vert x\right\rangle }{\left\langle x|\Psi _{t}\right\rangle
\left\langle \Psi _{t}|x\right\rangle }.  \label{6}
\end{equation
Due to the introduction of time averaging and the assumption that the
normalization integral $N\left( x\right) <\infty $, one may integrate the
middle term on the right hand side by parts to find
\begin{equation}
0\leq \left\langle t^{2}\left( x\right) \right\rangle -\lambda \hbar
+\lambda ^{2}\left\langle H\left( x\right) H^{\ast }\left( x\right)
\right\rangle .  \label{7}
\end{equation
Minimizing with respect to $\lambda $ leads to the time averaged weak value
second moment energy and time relation
\begin{equation}
\left\langle t^{2}\left( x\right) \right\rangle \left\langle H\left(
x\right) H^{\ast }\left( x\right) \right\rangle \geq \frac{\hbar ^{2}}{4}.
\label{8}
\end{equation}

Continuing in this vein, consider the relation between the standard
deviations. Denoting
\begin{equation}
\Delta t=t-\left\langle t\left( x\right) \right\rangle ,\Delta \hat{H}=\hat{
}-\left\langle H\left( x\right) \right\rangle  \label{9}
\end{equation
and using as before the inequalit
\begin{equation}
0 \leq \frac{1}{N\left( x\right) }\int_{0}^{\infty }dt \left\langle
x\left\vert \Delta t{\hat I}-i\lambda \Delta \hat{H}\right\vert \Psi
_{t}\right\rangle \left\langle \Psi _{t}\left\vert \Delta t{\hat I}+i\lambda
\Delta \hat{H}^{\dag}\right\vert x\right\rangle,  \label{10}
\end{equation
the relationship as in \ref{5} and integrating by parts one readily finds
\begin{equation}
0\leq \left\langle \Delta t^{2}\left( x\right) \right\rangle +\lambda
^{2}\left\langle \Delta \hat{H}\left( x\right) \Delta \hat{H}^{* }\left(
x\right) \right\rangle - \lambda \hbar \left[ 1-\left\langle t\left(
x\right) \right\rangle P\left( 0;x\right) \right] .  \label{11}
\end{equation
Minimizing with respect to $\lambda $ gives the central result of this
section, namely the uncertainty relation for the standard deviations:
\begin{eqnarray}
\sqrt{\left\langle \Delta t^{2}\left( x\right) \right\rangle \left\langle
\Delta \hat{H}\left( x\right) \Delta \hat{H}^{*}\left( x\right)
\right\rangle }\geq \frac{\hbar }{2}\left[ 1-\left\langle t\left( x\right)
\right\rangle P\left( 0;x\right) \right] .  \label{12}
\end{eqnarray
If the post selected coordinate $x$ is sufficiently far away from the
incident wavepacket then $P\left( 0;x\right) =0$ and we have regained a time
energy uncertainty relation for the time averaged weak values which is
identical to Heisenberg's result for coordinate momentum uncertainty.

{\ The term $\left\langle t\left( x\right) \right\rangle P\left( 0;x\right)$
appears in (\ref{12}) since we have imposed that the time measurement is in
the interval $[0,\infty]$ and not $[-\infty,\infty]$. In a typical
experimental setup, the particle cannot be initially found at the point $x$
so that effectively we have regained the lower limit of $\hbar/2$.
This uncertainty relation implies that} if the standard deviation of the
time averaged weak value of the energy is small, then the uncertainty in the
time of arrival at the point $x$ becomes very large.

The time averaged weak value of the energy-time uncertainty relation is
intimately related to a time averaged weak value commutator of the energy
and the time defined by taking into consideration that the weak value of the
Hamiltonian operator is complex. One may define a weak time value
\begin{eqnarray}
t_w(x)=\frac{\langle x\vert t{\hat I}\vert\Psi_t\rangle}{\langle x\vert\Psi_t\rangle}=t.
\label{12aa}
\end{eqnarray}
To prevent misunderstanding, here too, the time is not considered as an operator, as before, it is the
external time and therefore this value of the time is just the time itself.  One then readily finds, using Eq. \ref{5} tha
\begin{eqnarray}
\left\langle \left[ H\left( x\right) ,t\left( x\right) \right] \right\rangle
&\equiv & \left\langle \left[ t\left( x\right)H^{*}\left( x\right) -H\left(
x\right) t^{*}\left( x\right) \right] \right\rangle  \notag \\
&=& \int_{0}^{\infty }dtP\left( t;x\right) t\left[ \frac{\left\langle \Psi
_{t}\left\vert \hat{H}\right\vert x\right\rangle }{\left\langle \Psi
_{t}|x\right\rangle }-\frac{\left\langle x\left\vert \hat{H}\right\vert \Psi
_{t}\right\rangle }{\left\langle x|\Psi _{t}\right\rangle }\right] =i\hbar
\label{12a}
\end{eqnarray}

\section{Predicting the momentum of a particle at a point x}

In this section we shall show that time averaging of weak values leads to
the conclusion that it is possible to predict the momentum of a particle at
a post selected value of the coordinate $x$ with arbitrary accuracy. For
this purpose we consider a scattering system, with a potential $V\left(
x\right) $ of finite range localized about $x=0$. The Hamiltonian of the
particle whose mass is $M$ is
\begin{equation}
\hat{H}=\frac{\hat{p}_{x}^{2}}{2M}+V\left( \hat{x}\right) .  \label{13}
\end{equation
To simplify we impose the condition that the potential function $V\left(
x\right) $ goes to $0$ as $x\rightarrow \pm \infty $ . Initially the system
is prepared in a coherent state $|\Psi _{0}\rangle $ localized about the
initial position $x_{i}$ chosen to be sufficiently far to the left of the potential such that $V\left( x_{i}\right) =0$, and
incident mean momentum $p_{i}>0$
\begin{equation}
\left\langle x|\Psi _{0}\right\rangle =\left( \frac{\Gamma }{\pi }\right)
^{1/4}\exp \left( -\frac{\Gamma \left( x-x_{i}\right) ^{2}}{2}+\frac{i}
\hbar }p_{i}\left( x-x_{i}\right) \right)  \label{14}
\end{equation
We will also assume that the probability of the particle initially leaking
into the interaction region ($x\sim 0$) is negligible ($\Gamma x_{i}^{2}\gg
1 $) where $\Gamma $ is the width parameter of the coherent state. This
implies that initially the particle is a free particle with positive mean
momentum $p_{i}$ in the $x$ direction. This initial state obeys the
Heisenberg position momentum uncertainty relation. The transition path time
distribution and the mean time of arrival at the post selected point are
well defined since for this generic scattering system it has been shown by
Muga \cite{muga08a} that at long time $\left\langle x|\Psi _{t}\right\rangle
\sim t^{-3/2}$. In the following we will choose the position $x > 0$ far
enough in the asymptotic region of the potential. Under such conditions, the
normalization integral $N\left( x\right) $ (see Eq. \ref{1}) becomes
independent of $x.$

The weak value of the momentum at the post-selected point $x$ is by
definitio
\begin{equation}
p_{w}\left( t;x\right) =\frac{\left\langle x\left\vert \hat{p}\right\vert
\Psi _{t}\right\rangle }{\left\langle x|\Psi _{t}\right\rangle }=-i\hbar
\frac{\partial \ln \left\langle x|\Psi _{t}\right\rangle }{\partial x}.
\label{15}
\end{equation
In this formulation, the position is known precisely, its post selected
value is $x$. It is well known \cite{tamir13} that the {\ spatial} average
of the weak value is the mean value of the momentum:
\begin{equation}
\left\langle \Psi _{t}\left\vert \hat{p}\right\vert \Psi _{t}\right\rangle
=\int_{-\infty }^{\infty }dx\left\vert \left\langle x|\Psi \left( t\right)
\right\rangle \right\vert ^{2}p_{w}\left( t;x\right) \text{.}  \label{16}
\end{equation
As discussed already in the previous section, instead of considering the
spatial average we will consider the time averaged weak value of the
momentum $\left\langle p\left( x\right) \right\rangle $ and its varianc
\begin{equation}
\left\langle \Delta p^{2}\right\rangle =\left\langle \left\vert p\left(
x\right) \right\vert ^{2}\right\rangle -\left\langle p\left( x\right)
\right\rangle ^{2}.  \label{17}
\end{equation
using the transition path time distribution and as before the brackets
denote time averages.

The weak value of the momentum is a complex quantity. Since we chose the
post selected value $x$ to be large enough such that the normalization
integral $N\left( x\right) $ is independent of $x$ we find that the
imaginary part of the weak value of the momentum is
\begin{equation}
\mathrm{Im}[p_{w}\left( t;x\right) ]=-\frac{\hbar }{2}\frac{\partial \ln
P\left( t;x\right) }{\partial x}  \label{18}
\end{equation
This means that the imaginary part of the time averaged value of the weak
momentum vanishes ($\mathrm{Im}{\left\langle p\left( x\right) \right\rangle
=0}$).

To obtain further insight into time averaged weak values, we consider
expressly the time evolved wavefunction, expanding it in terms of the
scattering eigenstates of the Hamiltonian:
\begin{equation}
\left\langle x|\Psi \left( t\right) \right\rangle =\int_{-\infty }^{\infty
}dp\exp \left( -i\frac{p^{2}t}{2M\hbar }\right) \left\langle
x|p^{+}\right\rangle \left\langle p^{+}|\Psi \right\rangle .  \label{19}
\end{equation
Asymptotically, the eigenfunctions $\left\langle x|p^{+}\right\rangle $ have
the form (with $p>0$):
\begin{equation}
\left\langle x|p^{+}\right\rangle =\left\{
\begin{array}{ll}
\frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi \hbar }}\left[ \exp \left( \frac{ipx}{\hbar }\right)
+R\left( p\right) \exp \left( -\frac{ipx}{\hbar }\right) \right] ,
x\rightarrow -\infty } &  \\
\frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi \hbar }}T\left( p\right) \exp \left( \frac{ipx}{\hbar
\right) \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ ,x\rightarrow \infty &
\end{array
\right.  \label{20}
\end{equation
and $R\left( p\right) ,T\left( p\right) $ are the reflection and
transmission amplitudes respectively. It is straightforward to evaluate the
time dependent wavefunction in the asymptotic region. Since the wavefunction
is initially localized outside of the range of the potential, the overlap
\left\langle p^{+}|\Psi \right\rangle =\left\langle p|\Psi \right\rangle
+R^{\ast }\left( p\right) \left\langle -p|\Psi \right\rangle $ where
\left\langle p|\Psi \right\rangle $ is just the momentum representation of
the initial wavefunction. Similarly, by choosing the post selected value of
x$ to be positive and large we have that $\left\langle x|p^{+}\right\rangle
=T\left( p\right) \left\langle x|p\right\rangle $. One is thus left with a
quadrature to obtain the time dependent wavefunction $\left\langle x|\Psi
\left( t\right) \right\rangle $ and its associated weak momentum value.

This quadrature needs to be carried out numerically, and is dependent on the
specifics of the potential which determines the momentum dependence of the
reflection and transmission amplitudes. However, one may readily obtain
analytic expressions using a steepest descent estimate of the integrals. One
finds that the important contribution to the time dependent wavefunction,
when $x\gg 0$ i
\begin{eqnarray}
\left\langle x|\Psi \left( t\right) \right\rangle &\simeq & \left( \frac
\Gamma M^{2}}{\pi \left( M+it\hbar \Gamma \right) ^{2}}\right) ^{\frac{1}{4
}T\left( \frac{Mp_{i}-i\hbar \Gamma M\left( x_{i}-x\right) }{\left(
M+it\hbar \Gamma \right) }\right)  \notag \\
& \cdot & \exp \left( -\frac{p_{i}^{2}}{2\hbar ^{2}\Gamma }+\frac{M\Gamma }{
}\frac{\left( i\left( x_{i}-x\right) -\frac{p_{i}}{\hbar \Gamma }\right) ^{2
}{\left[ M+it\hbar \Gamma \right] }\right) .  \label{21}
\end{eqnarray
so that
\begin{equation}
\left\vert \left\langle x|\Psi \left( t\right) \right\rangle \right\vert
^{2} \simeq \frac{M\sqrt{\Gamma }}{\sqrt{\pi \left[ M^2+t^2\hbar^2 \Gamma^2
\right] }}\left\vert T\left( \frac{p_{i}-i\hbar \Gamma \left( x_{i}-x\right)
}{\left( 1+i\frac{t\hbar \Gamma }{M}\right) }\right) \right\vert ^{2} \exp
\left( -\frac{\Gamma \left( x_{i}-x+\frac{p_{i}t}{M}\right) ^{2}}{\left[
1+\left( \frac{t\hbar \Gamma }{M}\right) ^{2}\right] }\right).  \label{22}
\end{equation
The denominator of the transition path time distribution is estimated as:
\begin{equation}
\int_{0}^{\infty }dt\left\vert \left\langle x|\Psi \left( t\right)
\right\rangle \right\vert ^{2}\simeq M\left\vert T\left( p_{i}\right)
\right\vert ^{2}/p_{i}  \label{23}
\end{equation
and as noted, is independent of $x$. Within this steepest descent evaluation
the weak value of the momentum is:
\begin{equation}
p_{w}\left( t;x\right) \simeq \frac{M\left[ Mp_{i}-\hbar ^{2}\Gamma
^{2}\left( x_{i}-x\right) t\right] }{\left[ M^{2}+\left( t\hbar \Gamma
\right) ^{2}\right] } +i\frac{\hbar \Gamma M\left[ M\left( x-x_{i}\right)
-p_{i}t\right] }{\left[ M^{2}+\left( t\hbar \Gamma \right) ^{2}\right] }.
\label{24}
\end{equation
Time averaging this expression using the steepest descent estimate for the
transition path time distribution gives the result:
\begin{equation}
\left\langle p\left( x\right) \right\rangle \simeq p_{i}  \label{25}
\end{equation
or in other words, the time average of the weak value of the momentum equals
the initial averaged incident momentum. It remains to consider the second
moment of the weak value, and within the steepest descent approximation one
finds
\begin{equation}
\left\langle \Delta p^{2}\left( x\right) \right\rangle =\int_{0}^{\infty
}dtP\left( t;x\right) \left( \left\vert p_{w}\left( t;x\right) \right\vert
^{2}-\left\langle p(x)\right\rangle ^{2}\right) \simeq \frac{\hbar
^{2}\Gamma }{2}  \label{26}
\end{equation
which is precisely the momentum variance of the initial wavepacket. By
reducing the width parameter $\Gamma $ this variance can become arbitrarily
small.

We have thus demonstrated, using a steepest descent approximation that the
time average of the weak value of the momentum and its variance at the
post-selected value of the coordinate $x$ are the same as the initial mean
values $\bar{p}_{i}$ and $\Delta p_{i}^{2}$. However, the coordinate is
post-selected, it is known precisely. This means that the Heisenberg
relation does not limit the precision with which the time averaged post
selected weak value of the momentum and its variance may be determined.
Moreover, when $\Gamma $ is sufficiently small, the weak value of the
momentum will be very close to the incident mean value of the momentum. In
other words, even for a single particle, we can predict in advance its
momentum when reaching the post selected point $x$. This is a central result
of this paper.

The steepest descent approximation for the transition path time distribution
as given in Eq. \ref{22} goes at long times as $t^{-1}$ so that strictly
speaking the time integrals would diverge. As already mentioned, the correct
long time dependence of the transition path time distribution goes as
t^{-3} $ so that there is no problem in reality. The steepest descent
approximation is correct for finite time, the long time tail is very small,
it goes as $\exp\left( -p_{i}^{2}/\left[ \hbar ^{2}\Gamma \right] \right) $.
{\ To prevent any doubt, we} have also undertaken a numerically exact study
of a model system to demonstrate that indeed one may predict the momentum at
$x$ with arbitrary accuracy.

{\ We} consider scattering through a square barrier (atomic units are used
throughout) with a particle of mass $1/2$, a barrier height of unity,
barrier width $2$ and an incident momentum of $1/4$. The incident wavepacket
is chosen such that the initial variance of its momentum is small, the width
parameter of the coherent state is chosen to be $\Gamma =0.001$. We then
plot in Fig. 1 the transition path time probability distribution (\ref{1})
for $x=-x_{i}=100$ and compare it with its steepest descent approximatio
\begin{equation}
P_{SD}\left( t;x\right) = \frac{\sqrt{\Gamma }p_{i}}{\sqrt{\pi \left[
M^{2}+t^{2}\hbar ^{2}\Gamma ^{2}\right] }}\exp \left( -\frac{\Gamma \left(
x_{i}-x+\frac{p_{i}t}{M}\right) ^{2}}{\left[ 1+\left( \frac{t\hbar \Gamma }{
}\right) ^{2}\right] }\right).  \label{27}
\end{equation}

\begin{figure}[tbp]
\begin{centering}
\includegraphics[scale=0.4]{fig1.eps} \bigskip
\par\end{centering}
\bigskip
\par
\bigskip
\caption{The transition path time distribution of a particle tunneling
through a square potential barrier. The solid (blue) line shows the
normalized transition path time distribution (Eq. \protect\ref{1}), the
dashed (red) line shows its Gaussian approximation ( \protect\ref{27}).
Details of the numerical values used are given in the text. }
\label{fig1}
\end{figure}
As is evident from the figure, the agreement is quantitative. The accurate
transition path time distribution {\ has its maximum at a time which is a
bit shorter} than the steepest descent approximation. Similarly, the value
of the time averaged weak momentum for these parameters is $0.2522$,
slightly higher than the steepest descent estimate ($1/4$) which does not
take into consideration the filtering effect of the transmission
probability. Due to the tunneling, the transmission favors higher momenta as
discussed in Ref. \cite{petersen17}. Decreasing the width parameter by a
factor of $4$, {\ reduces the value of the time averaged weak momentum to}
0.2505$.

The deviation of the real and imaginary parts of the weak value of the
momentum from their mean $\delta p_{w}\left( t;x\right) =p_{w}\left(
t;x\right) -\left\langle p\left( x\right) \right\rangle $ are plotted as a
function of time in Fig. 2 and compared with the steepest descent estimates
of Eq. \ref{24}. The early times lead to positive values of the momentum
differences, the later times to negative values, as might have been expected
from a classical mechanics perspective. The agreement between the steepest
descent estimates and the numerically exact estimates of the real and
imaginary parts of the weak values is quantitative.

Finally, the standard deviation ($\sqrt{\left\langle \Delta p^{2}\left(
x\right) \right\rangle }$) of the time averaged weak value of the momentum
with $\Gamma =0.001$ is found to be $0.02228$. From \ref{26} one finds the
value $0.02236$. The standard deviation is an order of magnitude less than
that of the mean value of the momentum itself. Reducing the width parameter
by a factor of $4$ gives a time averaged mean of the weak momentum of
0.2505 $ and a standard deviation of $0.01117$. As predicted in \ref{26} one
may arbitrarily reduce the standard deviation by reducing the width
parameter of the initial coherent state. In other words, in principle, using
time averaged weak values, one may accurately predict both the location and
the momentum of a single particle.

\begin{figure}[tbp]
\begin{centering}
\includegraphics[scale=0.4]{fig2.eps} \bigskip
\par\end{centering}
\par
\bigskip
\par
\bigskip
\par
\bigskip
\caption{The time dependence of the deviation of the weak value of the
momentum from its mean at $x=-x_i=100$. The lower (red) dashed line shows
the numerically exact and solid (yellow) line shows the steepest descent
estimate for the deviation of the real part of the weak value from its mean.
The upper solid (blue) line shows the numerically exact and the dashed
(green) line the steepest descent estimate for the imaginary part of the
weak value of the momentum whose mean vanishes. The parameters used are
given in the text, the initial momentum of 0.25 is larger than the
deviation, which when weighted by the transition path time distribution (see
Fig. \protect\ref{fig1}) becomes rather small. }
\label{fig2}
\end{figure}

Does this imply that we may construct a quantum trajectory analogous to the
classical trajectory where the momentum and coordinate are known as
functions of the time? Of course not. Strictly speaking, the variance of the
mean time diverges logarithmically. Within the steepest descent estimate one
finds
\begin{equation}
\left\langle \Delta t^{2}\left( x\right) \right\rangle =\left\langle
t^{2}\left( x\right) \right\rangle -\left\langle t\left( x\right)
\right\rangle ^{2}\simeq \frac{1}{2\Gamma }\left( \frac{M}{p_{i}}\right) ^{2}
\label{28}
\end{equation
and this grows indefinitely as the precision with which the momentum is
predetermined increases, that is, as $\Gamma \rightarrow 0$. In other words,
the price paid for the precise determination of the momentum is imprecision
in the knowledge of when the particle will actually reach the post selected
point $x$. Within the steepest descent approximation one finds that the time
averaged weak value of the energy is
\begin{equation}
\left\langle H\left( x\right) \right\rangle \simeq \frac{p_{i}^{2}}{2M}
\frac{\hbar ^{2}\Gamma }{4M}  \label{29}
\end{equation
while the variance is given by:
\begin{equation}
\left\langle \left\vert H\left( x\right) \right\vert^{2} \right\rangle
-\left\langle H\left( x\right) \right\rangle ^{2}\simeq \hbar ^{2}\Gamma
\frac{p_{i}^{2}}{2M^{2}}+\frac{\hbar ^{4}\Gamma ^{2}}{8M^{2}}  \label{30}
\end{equation
and as expected one regains the weak value energy time uncertainty relation
\begin{equation}
\left\langle \Delta t^{2}\left( x\right) \right\rangle \left\langle \Delta
H\left( x\right)\Delta H^*\left( x\right) \right\rangle \simeq \frac{\hbar
^{2}}{4}+\frac{\hbar ^{4}\Gamma }{16p_{i}^{2}}.  \label{31}
\end{equation}

The picture that emerges is thus that determining the momentum of a particle
at a point in space is analogous to determining the momentum of a particle
at a point in time. In the latter case, if one knows precisely the momentum,
then the position becomes fully indeterminate. In our case, pinpointing the
momentum is the same as pinpointing the energy and it is the time which
becomes indeterminate.

We now describe a second approach which also leads to determination of the
momentum at a given spatial point. Given the transition path time
distribution we have that the mean time it takes the particle to reach the
point $x$ i
\begin{equation}
\left\langle t\left( x\right) \right\rangle =\int_{0}^{\infty }dttP\left(
t;x\right) .  \label{32}
\end{equation
The mean is well defined, since as noted, the long time tail of the
transition path time distribution goes as $t^{-3}$. We then consider the
mean time difference for the particle to reach two points in the scattering
direction $\left( x\right) $ which are chosen to be close to each other
\begin{equation}
\left\langle \delta t\left( x,\delta x\right) \right\rangle
=\int_{0}^{\infty }dtt\left[ P\left( t;x+\delta x/2\right) -P\left(
t;x-\delta x/2\right) \right] .  \label{33}
\end{equation
The momentum\ in the scattering direction is then by definitio
\begin{equation}
\bar{p}\left( x\right) =\lim_{\delta x\rightarrow 0}\frac{M\delta x}{\delta
t\left( x,\delta x\right) }=M\left( \frac{\partial \left\langle t\left(
x\right) \right\rangle }{\partial x}\right) ^{-1}.  \label{34}
\end{equation
With this protocol, which does not invoke a weak value, we determined a mean
momentum of the particle in the $x$ direction at the precise location
\left( x\right) $. Within the steepest descent approximation one readily
finds that
\begin{equation}
\bar{p}\left( x\right) ^{-1}\simeq \frac{2}{M}\int_{0}^{\infty
}dtP_{SD}\left( t;x\right) \left[ t\frac{\Gamma \left( x_{i}-x+\frac{p_{i}t}
M}\right) }{\left[ 1+\left( \frac{t\hbar \Gamma }{M}\right) ^{2}\right]
\right] \simeq \frac{1}{p_{i}}  \label{35}
\end{equation}

Using the square barrier model as above and performing all integrations
numerically exactly, we find that for $\Gamma =0.001$, the momentum $\bar{p
\left( x\right) =0.2502$. We thus find that also with this approach the mean
momentum at the post selected pointed $x$ is to a good approximation equal
to the mean incident momentum.

\section{Discussion}

The introduction of time averaging of weak values, using a transition path
time probability distribution leads to unexpected important results. We
showed that through time averaging it becomes possible to derive a rigorous
uncertainty relation for the product of the time averaged weak value of the
energy and the {\ (external)} time. Using the same formalism we also derived
a commutation relation for the time averaged commutator of the weak values
of the energy and the time. Within this formalism, the energy and the time
are analogous to the coordinate and momentum operators in quantum mechanics.
The two pairs obey the same uncertainty and commutation relations. This
result indicates that when considering time in quantum mechanics, one need
not construct a time operator. It is sufficient to consider time as a
parameter in the time dependent Schr{\"o}dinger equation, {\ or in the
terminology of Busch as an external time.} Equivalently it may be considered
to be its weak value as associated with the time dependent wavefunction at
the post selected point $x$.

The coordinate momentum uncertainty principle is derived for a measurement
of the two \textit{at the same value of the time interval, which is post
selected}. The energy time uncertainty relationship is derived for a fixed
value of the coordinate, which is post selected. {At} a given time it is
impossible to determine accurately both the momentum and the coordinate of a
particle. Similarly, at a given point in space, it is impossible to
determine accurately both the energy of the particle and the time at which
it will pass through the given point. On the other hand, just as it is
possible to determine accurately the position, or alternatively the momentum
of a particle at a fixed time, so it is possible to determine accurately the
momentum of a particle at a fixed position. We have demonstrated these
general relationships by considering explicitly the scattering of a particle
through a square well potential.

Finally, the localization of the position and the momentum is measurable
since the transition path time distribution is in principle measurable
as already noted in Section II. One places a screen at the
post-selected point $x$ and two synchronized clocks, one at the orifice of
the emerging particles and the other at the screen. In fact, single atom
time-of-flight experiments \cite{Fuhrmanek2010} have been implemented,
particles are released from a trap \cite{Du2015} at time zero, and the
arrival time at a detector screen is recorded. Similarly, a weak measurement
of the momentum at a post-selected point has been demonstrated
experimentally \cite{kocis11,flack14}. This means that if we prepare a
source of particles such that their mean momentum and spatial width
($1/\sqrt{\Gamma}$) are known, then we can predict with some
certainty the momentum of one of these particles when it arrives at the
post-selected (screen) point $x$. We cannot however, predict the arrival
time of the single particle with certainty.

\ack{ We thank Professor Ilya Rips
for insightful discussions. This work was supported by a grant from the
Israel Science Foundation and was partially supported by a grant with Ref.
FIS2014-52172-C2-1-P from the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad
(Spain).}

\section*{References}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
«Локомотив» () — азербайджанский футбольный клуб. Сезон 2003/04 был последним годом выступления команды в премьер-лиге чемпионата Азербайджана. Из-за финансового кризиса клуб временно прекратил своё выступление в чемпионате и Кубке страны. Представлял город Имишли.

Достижения

Чемпионат
 Сезон 2003/04 — 14 место

Кубок
 Сезон 2000/01 — 1/8 финала
 Сезон 2001/02 — 1/8 финала
 Сезон 2003/04— 1/8 финала

Примечания

Ссылки
 Info for: Lokomotiv Imishli
 Club History FK Lokomotiwe Imishli

См. также
 Азербайджанская футбольная Премьер-лига
 Первый дивизион Азербайджана по футболу
 Ассоциация Футбольных Федераций Азербайджана

Железнодорожные футбольные клубы
ФК «Локомотив» Имишли


The Thessaloniki Conservatories Board of Alumni organizes during the 6th International Guitar Festival in Thessaloniki a Guitar Competition.
The winners will perform in the final concert of the festival on Sunday 5th May 2019.
The order of appearance of the contestants in all categories will be determined by lottery which will be held on Saturday 4th May 2019 before the competition starts.
The contestants must send the application form until the 28th of April 2019. The registration fee is 60 Euro (sixty) for the fourth (D') category, 40 Euro for the third (C') Category and 20 Euro for the other categories.
Vassileos Georgiou 26, Thessaloniki 54640 (Greece).
The fee cannot be paid back.
The competitors shall send the registration application either by post or by email to the festival's addresses.
The performance of the pieces can be done with or without the music sheets.
The jury will consist of five members at least. The names of the members will be announced in the beginning of the contest. The jury is responsible for the settlement of any issue that may arise relating to the conduction of the competition. It has the right to interrupt the contestants after the expiration of the maximum duration or even earlier.
-If a member of the jury is at the same time the teacher of one of the contestants he cannot participate in the voting of the specific guitarist.
-In the event of a tie, it will be another voting.
contestants cannot have any financial claim by the use of the recorded/filmed material.
The contestants that will win must attend the ceremony on Sunday 5th May 2019. Otherwise, the prize or the praise will be canceled.
The 6th International Guitar Festival of Thessaloniki will be held in Thessaloniki from 2 to 5 May 2019.


text:
The Salisbury Zoo, located in Salisbury, Maryland, was founded in 1954 when some animals were placed on permanent exhibition in the City Park. The Zoo's present form resulted from improvements made in the 1970s. The Zoo now provides naturalistic enclosures for species native to North, Central and South America. The Salisbury Zoo is accredited by the Association of Zoos & Aquariums. The Zoo's policy is maintained by the Salisbury Zoo Commission, Inc. whose nine members are appointed by the Salisbury City Council. The Zoo is funded in-part by the Salisbury Zoo Commission and by the City of Salisbury.
The Salisbury Zoo's paved pathways and ramped board walks make the Zoo very accessible. Restrooms are equipped with changing tables and are ADA compliant.
The Salisbury Zoological Park is committed to enhancing our quality of life by providing a friendly, relaxing environment where educational and recreational opportunities come together through participation and interaction.
With its animals, staff, volunteers, and park-like setting, the Zoo encourages appreciation of wildlife and inspires conservation of our natural world.
In all of its endeavors, the Salisbury Zoo will:
Embrace a commitment to positive change, planned growth, increased accessibility;
Foster the desire for sustainable wildlife conservation;
Be a relevant, responsive, and trusted partner enjoying the full support of all of its stakeholders
Exceptional Animal Care– We maintain the highest standards in our responsibilities with our animals and the resources that we use.
Respect– In all or our interactions with our visitors, volunteers, and employees we will be committed to the highest principles of mutual respect.
Integrity– We value the trust of our community and operate in an honest, reliable, and conscientious manner.
Accountability– We will be responsible and transparent to all of our stakeholders. We hold ourselves accountable in all that we do from caring for animals to providing our customers with a valuable experience. We strive to maintain our accreditation by the Association of Zoos & Aquariums.
Community Asset– We are a recreational, educational, and economic development asset to our community.
Stewardship– We maintain the highest standards in our responsibilities with resources that we use.
Accessible Experience– We are accessible to all members of the community.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


With the help of our professionals, we are capable of offering a premium quality Engineering Plastic Parts. These plastic parts are manufactured with quality material & with latest machines and techniques by our competent professionals in sync with industry norms.
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The Denver 2019 conference organizers are offering a limited number of registration fee scholarships to offset the conference registration costs only to students who will be presenting a paper or poster at the conference.
Applications can only be submitted after your abstract has been accepted (applications received prior to acceptance WILL NOT be considered nor replied to). Registration Fee scholarships are awarded only to students that have had their papers accepted for presentation (in either a poster or concurrent session). This is done on a rolling basis (first-come, first served) until funds run out. To ensure diversity in attendance, a maximum of 3 scholarships will be awarded to applicants from a single institution. Applications will be accepted beginning on July 12, 2019. No applications will be accepted after July 26, 2019.
Please submit all materials electronically in pdf format to usaee@usaee.org, with "Application for Denver Conference Registration Fee Scholarship" in the subject line.


text:
Jazz Genres
Classic Jazz
Instrumental Jazz
Urbane Jazz
New Jazz Albums
Hit Makers
Upcoming Artists
Worldwide Team
Grover Washington, Jr, Classic and Smooth jazz Artist
He is considered to be one of the finest and most popular saxophonists of all time, and is credited for his contribution as one of the founders of the smooth jazz, pop-jazz and soul-jazz style of music. Over the course of his life he made some of the most memorable music that are still as popular today as when they were first recorded.
Born in Buffalo, New York, USA
Genre: Jazz, Pop, Soul and R&B
Grover Washington, Jr. (December 12, 1943 – December 17, 1999) was an American jazz-funk/soul-jazz saxophonist. Along with John Klemmer, George Benson, David Sanborn, Bob James, Chuck Mangione, Herb Alpert, and SpyroGyra, he is considered by many to be one of the founding fathers of the smooth jazz genre.
Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, Washington made some of the genre's most memorable hits, including "Mr. Magic", "Black Frost", and "The Best is Yet to Come". In addition, he performed very frequently with other artists, including Bill Withers on "Just the Two of Us" (still in regular rotation on radio today) and Phyllis Hyman on "A Sacred Kind of Love". He is also remembered for his take on a Dave Brubeck classic, called "Take Five", and for his hit "Soulful Strut".
Washington played on black nickel-plated saxophones including a SX90R alto,SX90R tenor, and soprano.
Washington was born in Buffalo, New York, 12 December 1943. Regarded as one of the revolutionaries in jazz music, he was and is considered one of the greatest saxophone players in modern jazz history. He led many others to follow in his footsteps.
Washington's history was music-filled. His mother was a church chorister, and his father was a collector of old jazz 78s and a saxophonist as well, so music was everywhere in the home. He grew up with the great jazzmen and big band leaders like Benny Goodman, Fletcher Henderson, and others like them. At the age of 10, with the desire for him to be more than he could be, Grover Sr. gave Jr. a saxophone. He practiced and sneaked into clubs to see famous Buffalo blues musicians.
He left Buffalo and played with a midwest group called the Four Clefs. He was drafted into the US Army shortly thereafter, but this was to be to his advantage, as he met drummer Billy Cobham. Cobham, a mainstay in New York City, introduced Washington to many New York musicians. After leaving the Army, Washington freelanced his talents around New York City, eventually landing in Philadelphia in 1967.
Grover's big break came at the expense of another artist. Alto sax man Hank Crawford was unable to make a recording date with Prestige Records, and Washington took his place, even though he was a backup. This led to his first album, "Inner City Blues". He was talented, and displayed heart and soul with soprano, alto, tenor, and baritone saxophones. Refreshing for his time, he made headway into the jazz mainstream. His fifth album, 1974's "Mister Magic" was a commercial success, and introduced guitarist Eric Gale in as a near-permanent member in Washington's arsenal.
A string of acclaimed records brought Washington through the 1970s, which culminated in the signature piece for everything Washington would do from then on. 1980's Winelight was the album that defined everything Washington was about. The album was smooth, fused with R&B and easy listening feel. Washington's love of basketball, especially the Philadelphia 76ers, led him to dedicate his first track, "Let It Flow" to Julius Erving (Dr. J). The highlight of the album, and a main staple of radio airplay everywhere, was his great collaboration with soul artist Bill Withers, "Just The Two of Us". It was also the final step away from Motown, landing him on Elektra Records and into a new era of jazz excellence. The album went platinum in 1981, and also won Grammy Awards in 1982 for Best R&B Song ("Just The Two of Us"), and Best Jazz Fusion Performance ("Winelight"). "Winelight" was also nominated for Record of the Year and Song of the Year.
From that point, Washington is credited (or scorned, as some may say) for giving rise to a new batch of talent that would make its mark in the late 80s and early 90s. He is blamed for bringing Kenny G to the forefront, but also credited with bringing such smooth jazz artists as Walter Beasley, Steve Cole, Pamela Williams, Najee, George Howard and The Philadelphia Experiment.
The tragedy and irony of Washington's life was that while he was able to get his big break from another artist's absence, Washington lived long enough to bring smooth jazz to the last points of the old millennium, but didn't outlive Hank Crawford, whose absence gave him his big break (and is still alive, as of 2005). On December 17, 1999, while waiting in the green room after taping four songs for the The Early Show, at CBS Studios in New York City, Washington collapsed. He was taken to St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital, where he was pronounced dead at about 7:30 p.m. His doctors determined that he had suffered a massive heart attack.
Grover Washington Jr.'s legacy lives on in the futures of up-and-coming jazz artists, and his life is celebrated from college campuses all around the nation to the hallowed streets of his own Philadelphia, his adopted hometown.
Biographical information coutesy of wikipedia; for more reading see link below
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grover_Washington_Jr
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text:
Emmanuel Mawis
Multiplier offers global solution to expedite hiring ahead of the imminent talent crunch
Legal, accessibility, and payroll issues are some of the obstacles that the startup addresses.
A global talent crunch is underway—and if left unaddressed, this could affect over 85.2 million people and could result in the loss of $11.6t (US$8.4t) in economic opportunities, according to a study by Korn Ferry titled Future of Work: The Global Talent Crunch.
Even though businesses wanted to address this forthcoming crisis early on by accessing talent in a foreign jurisdiction, multiple obstacles present themselves. For one, establishing local legal entities and bank accounts is expensive, costing approximately $51,000 in the initial setup. The processes of managing labour regulation and contracts, legal affairs, and risk management, may also take up to nine weeks, a global business setup expert, Aidan Healy, said. This is where Multiplier comes in.
"Multiplier is a self-serve global employment platform that lets businesses expand and employ international talent compliantly without having to set-up an entity," according to Co-founders Sagar Khatri, Amritpal Singh, and Vamsi Krishna.
It is the first platform to run international management of compliance and a multi-country payroll in a single dashboard. It has an instant onboarding system that allows businesses to hire international talents in a matter of minutes; and an automated compliance payroll and payments solution that enables businesses to pay their talent working anywhere in the world, compliantly.
Adding to the company's coverage is a global presence in over 150 countries across APAC, Europe, and the US. An on-site team of legal and tax experts is also available to help draft multilingual contracts and international payrolls.
This, according to the co-founders, helps businesses focus on their core goals, whilst the role of international employment falls on to Multiplier.
To add to that, affordable pricing is available to those willing to use the platform, with no additional costs for its offerings. "Multiplier is here for the long haul, and we believe the effortless experience is most important where profit automatically becomes a by-product of our work."
Expansion in progress
The global platform recently raised $13.2m in Series A funding this November, with Sequoia Capital India serving as the lead investor. According to them, this round of funding serves as a testament to the rapid growth and market opportunity. Its existing investors include DeepInder Goyal, Co-founder, Zomato and Amrish Rau, CEO, Pine Labs.
These funds will be used to strengthen the full-stack platform, as well as aid the expansion to other markets. Payroll and benefits solutions for business will also be improved, Khatri explained.
The co-founders also see this period as a time to expand their reach. Aside from the previously mentioned global presence, the company also sees the opening of entities across the rest of the world, as well as the development and hiring of talent to increase their employee strength.
They also mentioned seamless integration for businesses to use the platform for their global human resource needs.
"Our mission is to break down barriers of international employment. We want to be the leader in the industry and the ultimate brand of choice within the landscape," said Khatri when asked about how the group plans to stay ahead of the competition.
Singapore Startups


text:
Q: Modify a model in an ActionFilter I have an actionfilter that I am running OnActionExecuting in ASP.NET MVC 2. Essentially I would like the actionfilter to sanitize my data and replace the current model (which will be passed to subsequent action filters and also my action method) with the sanitized model. Is this possible and is it a bad idea - if so why?
Thank you in advance,
JP

A: If you need to deal with your models, you're likely going to be dealing more within the scope of a single Controller (unless all your Controllers use the same model types?).  An alternate approach would be to override the OnActionExecuting() and OnActionExecuted() methods of the Controllers themselves.  This allows you to keep your business logic within the controller scope.
Generally ActionFilters are used for cross-cutting concerns - something that you want to run for many action methods, regardless of where they exist in the app.  So unless your model sanitization logic applies across many controllers and actions, or is very generic (which perhaps it is, in which case your approach is probably good), you might want to bring it out of the filters and into your controllers.  If it's something that can apply broadly, then an ActionFilter is just fine.

A: Here's for MVC v1, I hope this is not changed in v2:
var view = filterContext.Result as ViewResultBase;
if (view != null)
   view.ViewData.Model ...

I don't see why you want to do it in OnActionExecuting, but if you must, do it there, and set some flag (private field) that OnActionExecuted has to tweak the resulting Model. But you'll have to use the latter anyway, except if you assign the .Result - in this case your action won't be called at all and the assigned result will be used.

A: BTW, for MVC 3 & 4:
filterContext.Controller.ViewData.Model

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
What is Tar & Chip
Tar & Chip
Recycled Asphalt
Hot Asphalt Paving
Driveway Seal Coating
What is Tar & Chip Seal?
Tar & Chip Seal is a pavement that can be applied to a dirt, or black top surfaces. It is a coating of hot liquid asphalt followed by a layer of 3/8″ chip rock then rolled to compaction.
When a new Tar & Chip job is completed, it looks like a gravel driveway. But the rock that comes in contact with the Tar is locked in tight. The tar and the rock become one form of pavement. It has a very clean, natural country look. It has a lot of curb appeal and its strong. Plus it won't draw in heat like Black Top.
What About The Loose Rock On Top?
When a new Tar & Chip seal job is first installed, there will be some loose surface rocks on top. But that's just the rock lying on top of the rock that is already locked in the tar. But when you start driving on your new road and the temperature warms up all of the loose surface rocks on top will seal in with the rest of the job. That's the nature of Tar & Chip seal
How Long Will It Last Compared To Black Top Paving?
A new black top surface will last anywhere from 25 to 30 years. But there are two main factors involved. First, proper installation must be done correctly the first time. The application thickness will vary from 2 1/2 to 3 1/2 inches thick on a base surface. Secondly, you must continue to keep your black top seal coated. Depending on your location and weather every 1 to 3 years. But you WILL NOT get 25 to 30 years from black top if it is not maintained OFTEN OR INSTALLED RIGHT. But chip seal will last on top of a good base for 15 to 20 years with no maintenance work involved. You can drive heavy loads and traffic on chip seal without it cracking or breaking up. That is not always the case with black top jobs.
What About The Cost?
As with rising cost of oil, fuel and asphalt tar, all pavements whether it is black top, concrete or chip seal grow higher every year as well. But Tar & Chip seal is about 30% to 40% less than what black top costs to get paved. Plus it costs less to keep because it is maintenance free. Concrete is the most expensive of the three pavements.
How Will Tar & Chip Seal Hold Up Against A Snow Plow?
You must understand that Tar & Chip Seal is a pavement that is used in many northern states (almost all). On driveways, parking lots, county roads and state roads. All which must be shovelled, plowed or blown when it snows. You can use all three on Tar & Chip Seal. Whether you are applying your chip seal to a base surface or old pavement, when it comes time to plow all you do is lift up on your plow about half inch of the ground, then plow. Chip seal is strong.
What Is Tar & Chip Paving?
Tar & Chip paving (which is also referred to as chip sealing), is very similar to asphalt, as it is a combination of hot liquid asphalt cement, liquid A/C (or hot tar if you prefer) as a binder and gravel as the main structural component. Unlike asphalt, which is premixed at an asphalt plant, the components are delivered separately and mixed on the job site. Tar & chip is nothing new, its has been used for over 100 years, all over the world, with great success, to pave and resurface roads, parking lots, residential driveways, ect. and is used by county and DOT road crews on road paving projects, in virtually every state in America.
How Is Tar & Chip Installed?
After the prep work is completed (which is almost identical for tar & chip paving, as it is for asphalt paving)
First a coat of liquid A/C is applied to the existing surface. This is accomplished by using a computer-controlled distributor truck equipped with spray bars, to apply an exact and consistent amount of liquid A/C, heated to the right temperature.
Then a clean, crushed chip stone is spread using a spreader box attached to the dump truck transporting the gravel. The stone adheres to the hot liquid asphalt
Finally, a roller is used to embed the stone into the tar. The entire process is repeated on jobs where multiple courses are required
How Long Does Tar & Chip Last?
This is a very difficult question to answer, because it depends on two factors.
Perspective: To some people, a paving job would need to be re – done as soon as it gets a worn spot or broken edge, while others will be perfectly content dodging potholes for many years as long as they have a clean paved surface for vehicle traffic.
Job Site/Usage: Durability can vary based on several factors such as climate, traffic conditions, base, and the number of courses of chip seal used, naturally asphalt or tar & chip will last much longer on a low traffic, residential driveway than they will on a county road or city street.
Answer: Let's say we are talking in averages. Let's assume that we are talking about the point where a paved surface is in bad enough condition that repairs are no longer a viable option. And that job site, traffic conditions are pretty typical. The life expectancy for an asphalt paving job is probably around 12 years and in that time repairs such as patchwork, crack sealing and seal coating will be required. For tar & chip, probably around 8 years and in that time repairs such as patching and isolated re – tar and chipping will be required. Tar & chip paving, should last approximately two thirds as long as asphalt paving would on the same job.
Why Use Tar & Chip, Instead of Asphalt?
Natural beauty: Tar & chip, provides a beautiful rustic alternative to asphalt, with the look and feel of a country gravel road.
Very Cost Effective: The initial cost of installing Tar & Chip, can be up to 40% less than a comparable asphalt installation.
Maintenance Free: Unlike asphalt which requires seal coating every few years, tar & chip, is virtually maintenance free, as there is never a need to sealcoat.
Improved Traction: The rough, gritty, surface of Tar & Chip, gives great traction even in wet weather, and is an excellent choice for steep slopes.
Cooler Temperature: Because of its light coloured stone surface, chip seal does not absorb heat like blacktop does, and stays much cooler.
More convenient: Tar & Chip, goes down faster than asphalt and there is hardly any down time, because it can be driven on immediately; you do not need to wait 24 – 48 hours for it to harden.
Our team of experienced and talented employees and tradespeople are experts in what they do and know how to apply their skills and workmanship to your project.
We offer a wide variety of services
tailored to your needs; we treat each
customer with the utmost professionalism
and respect.
Want to get a hold of us? If you don't see what you are looking for, call us at 1-800-373-1455 and we will be happy to discuss your needs.
© 2023 | Hot Rock Paving - Driveway Paving


Convenient location at 695/ I95, 1200 sq ft finished space. Multiple offices, reception, lunch room & private bathroom. Large windows /security system. Additional space 400 & 350 sq ft not included but available for a nominal additional cost. Major business revitalization zone, UMBC 4000 sq ft Community Center/Cafe opening Spring 2018. New restaurants retail & more , Exciting times in Arbutus !


Being a parent comes with plenty of worry and concern from the moment you leave the hospital. You wonder if your child is eating enough, sleeping enough and a variety of other questions that can't always be answered quickly. One of those questions could potentially include "Does my child have a mental, emotional or behavioral disorder?".
It can often be difficult to distinguish between common typical behaviors and atypical behaviors that could potentially warrant follow up by a medical professional. However, taking note of these behaviors and taking action could potentially increase your child's quality of life.
Crying is typical of any child. Babies cry when they're hungry, tired, frustrated, bored and many other reasons. However, if your child cries excessively after their needs have been met, it may be a sign that follow-up is needed. Of course both of your sleep schedules will be off a little bit for the first few months at home as you adjust to new life and your baby adjusts to being outside of the womb. But excessive periods of not sleeping regularly is considered an atypical behavior. Other behaviors of concern include little to no eye movement or no ability to hold focus on your face or a solid object, rigid or tightening muscles for a prolonged period of time and no reactions to smiling or pleasant interactions.
Between the ages of 1 and 3 your child does lots of new things and surpasses many milestones. Walking, running, climbing, toilet training, talking, saying "no" (a lot!), getting into mischief and having tantrums are all staples of the toddler world. But being fearful of exploration, having a lot of anxiety about small tasks, screaming instead of using words and being over reactive and overwhelmed by various stimuli can all be signs of a disorder. Minimal separation anxiety is to be expected when the child is out of the care of parents or loved ones, but severe separation anxiety that cannot be redirected or handled by distraction could also be a cause for concern.
Dangerous behaviors between 3 and 5 years old can include being cruel to children or animals or harming themselves or others without regret, remorse or understanding of consequences. These behaviors can also include fascination with dangerous things such as fire or dangerous actions such as biting or hitting. But sometimes atypical behaviors that can indicate a disorder aren't always as obvious. Other actions of concern could include responding negatively to shared attention, belligerent responses to a change in schedule or unfamiliar situation and consistent use of bad language.
A key piece of action in any road to a diagnosis is documentation. Document and describe the behavior of concern. Note things such as reactions, frequency, duration and intensity. Report these things to the proper health care provider. It's ok to be diligent. If your doctor dismisses your observations, find a new one. Always go with your instinct.
Often times the realization that a child's behavior requires professional attention can be painful or frightening. Many parents don't want to medicate their children or subject them to special attention by teachers and other authority figures. But the sooner a diagnosis is made the sooner the road to treatment and better of quality of life can begin.


text:
Q: Send RS report to every single email within SQL query Using SQL Services 2005.
I have a report in Microsoft Visual Studio 2005: Projects.rdl
In the dataset I have the following query:
(Showing me the previous month, where projects are overdue)

SELECT [Date], [Project], [Project Owner], [Email]
FROM [Table1]
WHERE [Date] < (SELECT DATEADD(MONTH,-1,GETDATE())

Now I want to send a RS Report to each [Project Owner], without having to create a report for each user with their specific filter.
That is I want to avoid doing the following for every report sent to each user:
SELECT [Date], [Project], [Project Owner], [Email]
FROM [Table1]
WHERE [Date] < (SELECT DATEADD(MONTH,-1,GETDATE())
AND [Project Owner] = 'AceAlfred'

Does Data-Drive-Subscription provide this feature??

UPDATE:
SELECT [Date], [Project], [Project Owner], [Email]
FROM [Table1]
WHERE [Date] < (SELECT DATEADD(MONTH,-1,GETDATE())
AND [Email] = @email

Error message:
The report parameter 'email' has a DefaultValue or a ValidValue that depends on the report parameter "email". Forward dependencies are not valid. (rsInvalidReportParameterDependency)

A: I think that what you want is to send the project owner as a parameter.
On the menu of your report project go to Report > ReportParameters and add a new parameter called @projectOwner
Then your query will look like
SELECT [Date], [Project], [Project Owner], [Email]
FROM [Table1]
WHERE [Date] < (SELECT DATEADD(MONTH,-1,GETDATE())
AND [Project Owner] = @projectOwner


text:
Q: Threaded Python script only seems to work as expected after signaling keyboard interrupt? Basically, I have a script that sniffs packets in one thread, and appends them to a list. A second thread also runs, and if the list is not empty, then it will perform calculations with the data. However, the sniffing thread only seems to work properly after hitting Ctrl + C. Before sending the keyboard interrupt, console output that I've produced for debugging is very slow and it seems to be missing packets. Afterwards hitting Ctrl + C it runs much faster and works as expected. Any ideas why this might be occurring? My code would look something similar to what is below.
Packet sniffer:
import socket, sys
from struct import *

def eth_addr(a):
    #create a AF_PACKET type raw socket (thats basically packet level)
    #define ETH_P_ALL    0x0003          /* Every packet (be careful!!!) */
    try:
        s = socket.socket( socket.AF_PACKET , socket.SOCK_RAW , socket.ntohs(0x0003))
    except socket.error , msg:
        print 'Socket could not be created. Error Code : ' + str(msg[0]) + ' Message ' + msg[1]
        sys.exit()

def packet_sniff():
    # receive a packet
    while True:
        packet = s.recvfrom(65565)

        #packet string from tuple
        packet = packet[0]

        #parse ethernet header
        eth_length = 14

        eth_header = packet[:eth_length]
        eth = unpack('!6s6sH' , eth_header)
        eth_protocol = socket.ntohs(eth[2])
        print 'Destination MAC : ' + eth_addr(packet[0:6]) + ' Source MAC : ' + eth_addr(packet[6:12]) + ' Protocol : ' + str(eth_protocol)

        #TCP protocol
        if protocol == 6 :
            t = iph_length + eth_length
            tcp_header = packet[t:t+20]

            #now unpack them
            tcph = unpack('!HHLLBBHHH' , tcp_header)

            source_port = tcph[0]
            dest_port = tcph[1]
            sequence = tcph[2]
            acknowledgement = tcph[3]
            doff_reserved = tcph[4]
            tcph_length = doff_reserved >> 4

            print 'Source Port : ' + str(source_port) + ' Dest Port : ' + str(dest_port) + ' Sequence Number : ' + str(sequence) + ' Acknowledgement : ' + str(acknowledgement) + ' TCP header length : ' + str(tcph_length)

            h_size = eth_length + iph_length + tcph_length * 4
            data_size = len(packet) - h_size

            #get data from the packet
            data = packet[h_size:]

            return data

Main would look something roughly like this:
def run_program():
    processThread1 = threading.Thread(target = self.sniff_data, args = [])
    processThread2 = threading.Thread(target = self.process_data, args = [])
    processThread1.start()
    processThread2.start()

def sniff_data():
    global my_list
    while True:
        data = packet_sniff()
        my_list.append(data)

def process_data():
    global my_list
    while True:
        if len(my_list) != 0:
            # Do computation

my_list = []
run_program()

A: if len(my_list) != 0: with no sleep run infinitely can and will lock the interpreter, preventing other threads from changing my_list. That needs to go.


text:
package abi42_0_0.org.unimodules.core.interfaces;

import abi42_0_0.org.unimodules.core.ModuleRegistry;

public interface RegistryLifecycleListener {

  default void onCreate(ModuleRegistry moduleRegistry) {
    // do nothing
  }

  default void onDestroy() {
    // do nothing
  }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


With a Fully equipped Engineering workshop we can also help you build and fabricate anything from gates to structural steel work. The workshop is also equipped with a CNC Plazma Cutting machine capable of cutting up to 25mm plate into computer design pieces.
Hi-Tensile specializes in building a custom trailer to your specification. Over the years we have produced many trailers ranging from Tradesman's Trailers to full Food Service Units.


Objective: A hands-on seminar to give a comprehensive understanding of the most powerful features of Adobe Photoshop that are often missed or overlooked.
Audience/Expected Skill Level: Beginner to Intermediate users of Adobe Photoshop who need to integrate it into their professional workflow.
Overview: This seminar focuses on filling in the gaping holes many Photoshop users don't realize they have. Whether it's understanding resolution and color space or more advanced topics like color correction and selections, this seminar will tackle them all. Learn practical advice to cut through the clutter of Adobe Photoshop.
Objective: A hands-on seminar to learn new ways to integrate Adobe After Effects, Flash, and Photoshop for a motion graphics workflow.
Audience/Expected Skill Level: Intermediate to Advanced motion graphic artists.
Overview: Learning to integrate Adobe After Effects, Flash Professional, and Photoshop gives you more options for your animations and effects and the power to integrate video and motion graphics into a richer user experience. This seminar will explore advanced uses for each application.
Objective: A hands-on seminar to give an understanding of Blender's interface and effectively take advantage of it for work in 3D computer graphics. In short, wrapping your brain around Blender.
Audience/Expected Skill Level: Entry-level computer graphics. Prior knowledge is helpful, but unnecessary.
Overview: This is a hands-on seminar to serve as an introduction to the open source 3D creation suite, Blender. With the completion of this seminar, attendees will have a clear understanding of Blender's interface and should be able to produce simple models and animation. In particular, attendees will gain a firm understanding for the decisions behind Blender's interface and how to effectively work with it rather than against it.
Objective: A hands-on seminar to give an understanding of the capabilities and limitations of advanced features in Blender such as physics simulation and its integrated game engine.
Audience/Expected Skill Level: Attendees should have a basic understanding of Blender and its interface. Anyone who attends the Blender Basics seminar should be comfortable in this course. Attendees will not need to have a physics background.
Overview: In this hands-on seminar, attendees will learn about the various physics simulation tools that are integrated into Blender, including soft body dynamics, rigid body dynamics, cloth simulation, fluid simulation, smoke simulation, and Blender's particle system.
Objective: Students will produce two to three basic iPod/iPhone apps by the end of this seminar.
Overview: This seminar will give participants all the fundamental skills as well as understanding of the tools to develop basic applications on Apple's iPod and iPhone products. The seminar will touch on the necessary languages (Objective C), resource files and APIs involved in building these applications.
Objective: To develop sophisticated Mobile Applications on the iPhone.
Audience/Expected Skill Level: Attendance of the basic seminar "Introduction to mobile application development: Apple iPhone/iPod" is recommended, or knowledge and experience with basic iPhone development.
Overview: This seminar builds on the basic seminar in order to cover more advanced topics. Attendees will develop multiple apps demonstrating sophisticated use of the available APIs. Additionally the instructor will cover a number of issues in mobile development including debugging of code, managing performance and handling resource leakage.


Apple or pear, knowing your body type and making the right adjustments to your exercise and diet routine can help you shave of weight more efficiently.
When you think of fat, what first comes to mind is the bulge forming around your belly or a slight increase in thighs changing your pant size. The more you look at it the more you wish you burn it off like iron ore melting laser eyes. The first step to attacking fat like any enemy understands what it is and its nature.
Not all fat is equal. Now that you are wishing to return to the world where "fat" is fat, it's time to get the point across to your body. Its time to start telling your fat, "Come out already, I know where your are," instead of the standstill, "Come out. Come out, where ever you are." Now that the word is out, let's get started on exercising those nasty fats out of your body.
In fact, there are different types of fats that you need to watch out for – the fat lying underneath your skin (Subcutaneous fat) and the fat surrounding you organs (Visceral fat). Knowing more when it comes to fat can help you in figuring out how to decrease you body fat by dieting and exercise.
Which should you be more worried about, the fat under your skin or that under you muscles? Is thinking about whether your diet and exercise program is for the best causing you to rethink things lately?
Think smart. Learn how you can up the results of your diet and exercise just by understanding more about fat.
Figuring out your body type, to diagnose your fat!
There are two fruits for the human figure which determine how you put on fat.
People characterized by an "apple" shaped figure have more visceral fat which makes it harder to notice at first. Hearing this at first might make you start feeling lucky; however people with this body type if allowed to become obese run a risk of suffering from lifestyle diseases (Type 2 diabetes, heart disease, metabolic syndrome, ect.) leading for it to be keyed in as the "bad fat."
On the other hand, people said to have a "pear" shaped figure have more subcutaneous fat causing it to be stored in areas of the lower body such as the waist, thighs, and buttocks. It is more prominent in woman. The fact that it is easy to stand out makes people with this body type often worry about their weight. However, pear-people run less risk of lifestyle diseases and complications than apple-people, which is why it can be referred to as the "good fat."
Don't let the "goodness" of your body type bother you too much. Just because you are an apple doesn't mean that your fat is untouchable. Pear people too can keep their figure from protruding out of proportion.
How you attack each body type to thin down and maintain your weight differs, so make sure you have a firm grasp on which one you are an apple or a pear.
* Although there may be more apple-men and more pear-women that doesn't mean that there aren't any pear-men and apple-women out there.
Does your diet and exercise program have the "right" stuff? Whether it is visceral or subcutaneous fat there are exercises designed especially to help you burn off that fat. Starting off doing the right exercises can not only save you time and effort, but also give you a smart-approach to trimming down that waist or thighs. See what's in store for you now!
For apple-people, complications down the road can lead to a major headache, so to prevent that from happening we've put together ways you should change the way you diet and exercise, which are reforming your eating habits and exercise.
Turn chewing your food into a habit!
Conforming to diet restrictions (eating less than you want) isn't always easy. That is why you should chew your food more while eating. Just by chewing your food more it is possible to effortlessly reduce the amount you eat, satisfying your appetite faster than before. Not only does aid in digestion and absorption it also serves to prevent storage into fat.
The best way to start cutting that hard to get visceral fat is to start pumping in more oxygen with aerobic exercise. For those less adept to exercise, it's recommended that you start with lower-burden exercises such as walking and yoga. Due to the fact that it takes as much as 20 minutes before fat starts to be burned off in your body, exercise for at least 30 minutes for best results.
For pear-people, having fat stand out easier thinking to shave-off fat fast, avoiding a restrictive diet while putting on muscle mass doing anaerobic exercise, improving your metabolism, is most effective.
Spend more time strength training!
Subcutaneous fat unlike visceral fat, one put is a burden to lose. By strength training, strengthen muscles throughout your entire body, this boosts your metabolism. For women worried about putting on unnecessary bulk in muscle, strength training alone will not make your brawny.
Get enough protein in your diet!
While strength training it becomes necessary to accommodate for favor you are doing for your body that is to get enough protein. Not getting enough protein is where fad diets fail, causing muscles to tear away from body, your weight to drop, and unfortunately your metabolism to slow down. Avoid setting your diet up to rebound, make sure you get enough protein.
Be open minded when looking for a protein source. Besides what your intuition tells you (meat equals protein) there are other places to look, such as soybean products or supplemental whey protein. Chow down and get the protein your body needs, then you'll be on your way to building a body less prone to putting on fat and shapely to your nature.
Drinking apple cider vinegar daily may help you curve your appetite and burn fat. The best part is its only 2 tablespoons of vinegar. Don't forget to mix with water.
Just because you are not losing weight doesn't mean you aren't getting slim. As dieters that know healthy weight loss diet tips know, weight isn't everything.
What are healthy fruits for eating to lose weight that you should add into your fruit diet plan? The list is endless. With nutrition you can diet smarter starting today.
Do you feel like your thighs are taking over your legs? When your hormones are causing thigh meat to turn into an emerging power in your body, you need all you can get. Exercise and dieting combined with this massage gives you what you need to take back your legs!
People with a body shape type described with an apple are more prone to putting on visceral fat, which makes identifying apparent weight problems less visible.
Pear people are more likely to put on subcutaneous fat above the muscular layer closest to the skin. This makes slight weight gains more visible than others.
Your body type is not something that can be changed so easily; however, by knowing how your body reacts to weight gain you have all the tools you need to lose weight healthily.


Today, on 14 December 2017, Brian Pead met with MP (and barrister) Sir Henry Bellingham in relation to all of Brian's unlawful convictions and his unlawful dismissal from Lambeth. The meeting, at Portcullis House in London, was also attended by Michael Bird, co-author of the banned book from Hillsborough to Lambeth and Brian's former counselling supervisor when Brian trained as a counsellor in 2006 and also David Cox, a retired fire-fighter whom has known Brian and his family since 1990.
It was a pleasure to meet with you today at Portcullis House, Westminster to discuss Brian's long standing and ongoing legal cases in the presence of both Brian and David Cox.
• On Wednesday the 6th December in Woolwich Crown Court (Court 5) it was confirmed that none of Brian's family members had made a statement against Brian – thus making the 2011 trial (and subsequent 2015 trial) a 'Nullity' and any restraining order invalid and unlawful.


text:
Q: Usage of "surreal" I have looked up this word in 8 or 9 dictionaries. No dictionary gives many examples, so I am finding it a bit hard to use this word in my own sentences.
Macmillan's explanation of the word is:

something surreal is so strange that you cannot believe it is real
These surreal events eventually led to police arresting the teacher in her classroom.
Source: macmillandictionary.com definition of "surreal"

Longman's explanation is:

a situation or experience that is surreal is very strange and difficult to understand, like something from a dream
The house was a surreal mixture of opulence and decay.
Source: ldoceonline.com definition of "surreal"

Now I'm trying to use the word in my own way. Have I used the word "surreal" correctly in the following sentences?

*

*It's a surreal world. (like weird)

*He is by nature surreal.

*They've got a surreal dog which doesn't bark at strangers.

Do you have any examples—or, better still, any explanation—to describe this word?
Is it a positive or a negative word exactly?

A: Surreal has the definition that you give, but it typically doesn't describe a person or object, but instead an experience or feeling. You wouldn't normally describe someone or something as habitually surreal, even if they are strange and unusual.  Your example 1 works, 2 less so, and 3 not really, the way it is written.  I've rewritten 2 and 3 with a bit more context to clarify how you might use the word in those situations.
Surreal is neither negative nor positive.  It can easily go either way.  It is most often used for an experience that is truly otherworldly (deja vu, perhaps, or the sensation of time slowing down when you are in danger) but is occasionally used sarcastically to describe completely mundane things that are mildly unusual (not losing a sock in the laundry, walking across a dark room without stubbing your toe, that kind of thing.)

*John went crazy when he met Justin Bieber.  Watching a normally quiet 40 year old man turn into a 12 year old girl was surreal.  (Here John isn't surreal, his actions are surreal.)

*Watching their dog interact with strangers is surreal.  It acts wild but never barks.  (Not the best usage, but the best I could think of with a dog-surreal combination.  Strange, weird, bizarre, or unusual would be preferable here, in my opinion.)

More examples:
4. When I realized that our cars were about to crash, time slowed down; it was surreal.
5. I am not a handsome man, so it felt surreal when the most beautiful woman at the party asked me to dance.
6. My drive to work was surreal, every light was green along the way and there was no traffic at all.  I hardly even saw another car.
Here is a page with many more sentences using the word as well.  Some are better than others, but all of them are sensible.

A: It can be difficult to give examples of using surreal, as by definition it should almost never be the correct word to describe something in the real world.  I find it helpful to think of the artistic style of Surrealism to see the word as it was intended to be used.  This art movement was dedicated to creating dreamlike and impossible images.
http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrealism
Something is surreal when it makes you feel as if you must be dreaming, because you cannot imagine it being true.  For example, if you were watching a recorded video, and the person on the screen spoke directly to you, that would be surreal.
Surreal is sometimes used as a funny synonym for "very surprising" or "unexpected". For instance:
Alice: How did you do on your English test?
Bob: I got an "A".
Alice: That's impossible, you didn't even study!
Bob: I know...it's surreal.

A: I have in the past heard some people describe themselves as being surreal. When you speak to them further I think they are describing themselves as in the way they may feel. Therefore by describing themselves as being surreal, what they mean is that they feel detached or distant from the world and everyone and everything. Like they are alone somehow even though they may not be alone. They may feel empty or emotionless or may feel like they are in a dream or dreamlike state. If a person feels this way all the time then couldn't they then feel like they are surreal by nature? That's the only way I could make sense of your second example. Unless you were simply describing a person who is maybe different, strange, unusual or peculiar.


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