Last Saturday afternoon, a small group of us were lucky to attend a wine tasting at Bistrot Lepic, courtesy of managing partner Cyrille Brenac. Tucked into a cosy sun-drenched room at the back of the upstairs wine bar, far from the chaos of the crowds on Embassy Row, fellow WLDC author Max and I joined a few readers to learn more about French wine from one of the top authorities in the city. Sampling eight wines in two hours – four whites and four reds from various regions in France – we came away more comfortable on the subject and eager to learn more.
Throughout, I was amazed by the vast knowledge Cyrille shared and though I'll try to hit the highlights, I can't hope to replicate it. Luckily, every Tuesday evening from 6pm to 9pm, you can attend a complimentary wine tasting there yourself and I highly recommend it.
So, where to start… How about the mystery behind how you actually taste wine? What are you supposed to do when the glass is placed before you? What about that pesky cork?
It comes down to three words – Look, Sniff, and Sip.
Pick up your glass first (that's easy enough!) and gently twirl it, watching the edge of the liquid. The more it "cries" against the glass, the more alcohol content it has. Then look at the color. A darker color means it was matured in oak barrels, a lighter in metallic barrel. Then "put your big nose inside it and breathe it in," as Cyrille quipped, "you can close your eyes and think about it." This is where we usually get self-conscious tasting wine but it really does help to take a minute and try to discern different scents – honey, citrus, etc. – before diving in to taste. In a proper wine tasting, you don't have to swallow, just "turn it around in your mouth and get your senses excited." Then once you've got an idea of what the wine's about and how your particular taste buds have reacted, you can discreetly spit it out.
I was surprised how much this process, which I never really gave much care to, really helped me understand each wine, and in future I'll give it more thought when I order wine. Cyrille also explained the purpose behind the waiter putting the cork before you on the table is because sadly there can be wine fraud, so you should just pick up the cork and look at the imprint to make sure it matches the bottle.
Cyrille also took us on a comprehensive journey through a map of France, explaining the many different regions and which regions produced which wines. For example, in Burgundy the whites are produced from Chardonnay grapes and the reds from Pinot Noir and Gamay. In Bordeaux, their famous reds are made by combining many varietals (up to two or more, in some cases quite a lot more) together to make the perfect blend. Whites in Sancerre are made from Sauvignon blanc grapes. You could really go a bit mad delving into it all, so my advice is to start with your favorite region or grape and concentrate on learning as much as you can first, instead of trying to get smart on the entire country's wine output!
Labels can also be intimidating to Americans as our wines are always labeled with the grape the wine was made from – but in France, labels are indicative to each region. For example, in Bordeaux the identity of the wine is associated with chateaux, not with the land or town, as in other regions. Really the best way to get over French Label Fear is to spend some time with a wine map familiarizing yourself with the country. Better yet, if you have the chance, Cyrille recommended a trip to France, renting a car and doing your own winery tour! The varying climates, from cold to hot and mild in between, combined with the different landscapes (terroir) he described like flat or hilly, all contribute to making French wine successful.
We tasted eight wines in all, carefully attending to the wine tasting process of look, sniff, and sip each time. Aided by bar manager Ted Putala, we tried to ascertain the different flavors like citrus, honey, minerals, and the varying viscosity. The four whites were: Jurancon, Domaine de Castera 2009; Saint Bris, Caves de Bailly, Saugvignon Blanc 2008; Alsace, Pinot Gris Reserve, Trimbach 2005; Rully Les Cailloux, Sophie Debavelaere 2005. Of these my favorite was the Trimbach, as I love Alsatian Pinot Gris and its fruity creaminess that still manages to be dry and not a cloying sweet wine at all. The four reds were: Chitry, Domaine Giraudon 2007; Bourgueil, Domaine de la Chateleuserie 2008; Coteaux de Languedoc, Chateau de Lascaux 2007; Cotes de Bourg, Chateau Bujan 2007. Of these I absolutely loved the peppery lusciousness of the Lascaux, which was a blend of Syrah, Granache and Mourvedre and made me fantasize about pairing it with a nice bloody steak.
We ended the afternoon extremely inspired to continue learning more about French wine, warmed by our host's generosity and the care he took to help us over the intimidation factor. I'll definitely be back for dinner and a bottle (or two!). As for that vacation touring French wineries, well, you can be sure it's on my menu.
Many thanks to managing partner Cyrille Brenac of Bistrot Lepic for hosting the wine tasting and to bar manager Ted Putala for joining us. Thanks to Lindley Thornburg for making the introduction, to our readers who attended, and to Max Cook for fantastic photographs.


Senior Mason Studer placed third at 145 pounds to highlight the performances of the West Bend-Mallard Wolverines wrestling squad at the Twin Lakes Conference meet held on Saturday, Jan. 13 at Gowrie.
The purple-and-gold finished in ninth place as a team with 62 team points as one wrestler ended up in fourth place, two were fifth and two more finished in sixth place in the meet.
Studer started his day with a fall in 1:49 over Sam Zimmerman of Alta-Aurelia before taking his only loss of the day as he was pinned by the eventual champion Chase McAlister of South Central Calhoun in 1:14.


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IVPost
American Diabetes Association® Announces Eight Recipients of 2019 National Scientific and Health Care Achievement Awards
Written by Michelle Kirkwood
Category: Health News
Top researchers, clinicians and educators will be recognized at the 79th Scientific Sessions for outstanding leadership and work to advance diabetes research, prevention, care and treatment.
The American Diabetes Association (ADA) is proud to announce the recipients of the ADA's 2019 National Scientific and Health Care Achievement Awards. Individually and collectively, their exemplary leadership, mentorship and many achievements have advanced the field of diabetes care and improved health outcomes for people living with diabetes.
"This year's National Scientific and Health Care Achievement Award recipients are distinguished global leaders in research, clinical care and academic medicine. Collectively, their incredible contributions and research discoveries have informed on important management strategies that helped us decrease the incidence of many serious complications of diabetes, address co-morbidities and improve quality of life for the millions of people living with diabetes," said William T. Cefalu, MD, Chief Scientific, Medical and Mission Officer of the ADA. "Congratulations to this year's honorees, and we look forward to recognizing them in-person next month for their extraordinary work."
The following leaders will be recognized at the National Scientific and Health Care Achievement Awards Ceremony on Monday, June 10, at 10:10 a.m. PT, during the ADA's 79th Scientific Sessions, June 7-11, 2019, at the Moscone Convention Center in San Francisco. Several award winners will present award lectures, as noted.
Banting Medal for Scientific Achievement
Stephen O'Rahilly, MD
Professor of Clinical Biochemistry & Medicine and Head of the Department of Clinical Biochemistry at the University of Cambridge
Banting Medal Lecture: Treasure Your Exceptions—Studying Human Extreme Phenotypes to Illuminate Metabolic Health and Disease, Sunday, June 9
Outstanding Scientific Achievement Award
Sadaf Farooqi, MB, ChB (Hons), PhD
Wellcome Trust Principal Research Fellow and Professor of Metabolism and Medicine at the Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, UK
Outstanding Scientific Achievement Award Lecture: Obesity and the Biology of Weight Regulation, Monday, June 10
Albert Renold Award
Rudolf L. Leibel, MD
Christopher J. Murphy Memorial Professor of Diabetes Research, Professor of Pediatrics and Medicine, Head of the Division of Molecular Genetics, and Co-Director of the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center at Columbia University
Outstanding Achievement in Clinical Diabetes Research Award
John B. Buse, MD, PhD
Verne S. Caviness Distinguished Professor, Chief of the Division of Endocrinology, Director of the Diabetes Center, Director of the NC Translational and Clinical Sciences Institute, and Executive Associate Dean for Clinical Research at the University of North Carolina School of Medicine
Outstanding Educator in Diabetes Award
Virginia Valentine, APRN, BC-ADM, CDE, FAADE
Diabetes Specialist, Clinica La Esperanza; Faculty, University of New Mexico; and Faculty, Endocrinology TeleECHO Clinic (Endo ECHO)
Outstanding Educator in Diabetes Award Lecture: The Most Important Thing We Give to People is Hope— Overcoming Stigma in Diabetes and Obesity, Saturday, June 8
Outstanding Physician Clinician in Diabetes Award
David C. Klonoff, MD, FACP, FRCP Edin, Fellow AIMBE
Medical Director of the Diabetes Research Institute at Mills-Peninsula Medical Center and Clinical Professor of Medicine at the University of California, San Francisco
Harold Rifkin Award for Distinguished International Service in the Cause of Diabetes
Juliana C.N. Chan, MB, ChB, MD, FRCP
Professor of Medicine and Therapeutics and Founding Director of the Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity at the Chinese University of Hong Kong
Kelly West Award for Outstanding Achievement in Epidemiology
Elizabeth Mayer-Davis, PhD
Cary C. Boshamer Distinguished Professor of Nutrition and Medicine and Chair of the Department of Nutrition at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Kelly West Award Lecture: Improving Outcomes—Translating Epidemiology to Clinical Trials, Sunday, June 9
The American Diabetes Association's 79th Scientific Sessions, the world's largest scientific meeting focused on diabetes research, prevention and care, will be held June 7-11, 2019, at the Moscone Center in San Francisco, California. More than 11,000 leading physicians, scientists and health care professionals from around the world are expected to convene at the Scientific Sessions to unveil cutting-edge research, treatment recommendations and advances toward a cure for diabetes. During the five-day meeting, attendees will receive exclusive access to more than 850 presentations and 2,000 original research presentations, participate in provocative and engaging exchanges with leading diabetes experts, and can earn Continuing Medical Education (CME) or Continuing Education (CE) credits for educational sessions. The program is grouped into eight thematic areas: Acute and Chronic Complications; Behavioral Medicine, Clinical Nutrition, Education and Exercise; Clinical Diabetes/Therapeutics; Epidemiology/Genetics; Immunology/Transplantation; Insulin Action/Molecular Metabolism; Integrated Physiology/Obesity; and Islet Biology/Insulin Secretion. Gretchen Youssef, MS, RDN, CDE, President of Health Care and Education, will deliver her address, "It's All about Access!," on Saturday, June 8, and Louis H. Philipson, MD, PhD, FACP, President of Medicine and Science, will address attendees on Sunday, June 9. Join the Scientific Sessions conversation on social media using #ADA2019.
About the American Diabetes Association
Approximately every 21 seconds, someone in the United States is diagnosed with diabetes. Nearly half of the American adult population has diabetes or prediabetes, and more than 30 million adults and children are living with the disease. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) is the nation's leading voluntary health organization on a mission to prevent and cure diabetes, as well as improve the lives of all people affected by the disease. For nearly 80 years, the ADA has driven discovery by funding research to treat, manage and prevent all types of diabetes, while working relentlessly for a cure. Magnifying the urgency of this epidemic, the ADA works to safeguard policies and programs that protect people with the illness, those at risk of developing diabetes and the health care professionals who serve them by initiating programs, advocacy and education efforts that can lead to improved health outcomes and quality of life.
© 2019 IVPost

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Meeting Coverage > SABCS
Best to Add Chemo After Breast Cancer Surgery
by Ed Susman, Contributing Writer, MedPage Today December 8, 2012
Click the bottom right corner of the video player for full screen.
SAN ANTONIO -- Long-term results suggest that after resection of locally recurrent breast cancer, patients should also undergo adjuvant chemotherapy, researchers found.
After 5 years, 69% of 85 women who had chemotherapy achieved disease-free survival compared with 57% of 77 women who did not have chemotherapy (P=0.0455), Stefan Aebi, MD, head of medical oncology at Luzerner Kantonsspital, in Luzerne, Switzerland, reported at the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium here.
That translated into a 41% reduction in the relative risk of disease progression, he said in presenting the results of the CALOR (Chemotherapy as Adjuvant for Locally Recurrent Breast Cancer) trial.
Adjuvant chemotherapy after complete resection of locoregional recurrent breast cancer, resulted in improved disease-free and overall survival.
In terms of overall survival, 88% of women who had adjuvant chemotherapy achieved it compared with 76% of those not treated with chemotherapy (P=0.02), he added in his oral report. That translated into a relative risk reduction of 59%.
The trial originally was planned to enroll more nearly 1,000 patients to resolve the question of whether chemotherapy or surgery was a superior scheme, but the investigators found that clinicians would not allow their patients into the trial.
"Some clinicians knew [emphasis is speaker's] that surgery was all that was necessary and other clinicians knew that chemotherapy was required," so neither group felt comfortable enrolling patients into a trial where their patient would be randomized to one arm or the other, Aebi explained during a press briefing.
Eventually, the researchers closed the trial with 162 patients and followed them for more than 5 years.
The results, Aebi said, definitively answered the question. "Adjuvant chemotherapy should be recommended for patients with completely resected isolated local or regional recurrence of breast cancer," he said.
Although the number of patients was small, he said, the impact of chemotherapy appeared to be greatest among women with estrogen receptor negative breast cancer -- a 67% reduction in the risk of disease recurrence in those women who had chemotherapy as opposed to those who did not receive chemotherapy post surgery.
Aebi demonstrated that 67% of women who were estrogen receptor negative and received chemotherapy achieved 5-year disease-free survival compared with 35% of similar women who were treated with just surgery for the local/regional recurrence (P=0.007).
Among hormone-positive women there was a 6% relative risk reduction in favor of the women who received chemotherapy, but that was not statistically significant.
Overall survival was not statistically different among the women when stratified by estrogen-receptor status.
"At our institution, chemotherapy is the standard of care for women who have local recurrences," said Jennifer Litton, MD, of the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston.
"The results of the CALOR trial are very promising," she told MedPage Today. "There was statistically significant improvement in disease-free survival and overall survival for women who received chemotherapy. And there was even more of a benefit in women who had hormone receptor-negative tumors."
Aebi said the pragmatic trial left the choice of chemotherapy in the hands of the individual doctor treating the patients. He told MedPage Today that because the numbers of patients in the trial were relatively smaller, the subgroups defined by chemotherapy regimens would have been too small to have meaningful analyses.
He and his colleagues from the Breast International Group, the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project and the International Breast Cancer Study Group recruited patients for the trial.
Aebi and Litton had no disclosures.
San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium
Source Reference: Aebi S, et al "Chemotherapy prolongs survival for isolated local or regional recurrence of breast cancer: The CALOR trial (Chemotherapy as Adjuvant for Locally Recurrent Breast Cancer; IBCSG 27-02, NSABP B-37, BIG 1-02)" SABCS 2012; Abstract S-3.


The Day After No Tomorrow - Cursed To First - Sox and Pats forever.
It was a matter of minutes after the Patriots' defeat at the hands of the Ravens became official, and hours after their defeat became a virtual certainty, that Bill Belichick may have had his moment of greatest candor before the press corps this year.
Belichick, looking almost wild-eyed in the camera lights, had conducted the conference to that point with his usual acerbic reticence, offering hostile non-answers to each new phrasing of the same question doggedly flung in his direction by the reporters in attendance. Then, he was asked a question that finally seemed to give him pause.
The question was whether the defeat he'd just presided over as coach of the team shocked him.
"...No." Belichick finally said, heavily.
In truth, the only thing that was shocking about yesterday's game was the first four minutes--that it happened so quickly. It's also true that most people expected the Patriots, undefeated at Gillette Stadium this year and in the playoffs since 1978, to at least advance to the next round. And it was, I'll admit, especially disorienting to see Tom Brady struggle so mightily on a stage where he's done nothing but shine.
But does it shock me to see the Patriots offense struggle to find consistency and the defense victimized, particularly the secondary? Does it shock me to watch their runningbacks stuffed, their wide receivers bewildered, their defensive linemen blown off the ball? Does it shock me that this team folded under the playoff spotlight?
I'm starting to wonder about The Hooded One in the wake of the sheer number of coaching defections the Patriots have seen this season. None seem to be a contentious Mangini-type situation, but it could just be that Belichick either learned from that situation and / or is better at keeping family feuds under wraps these days. Or it could be that Belichick is truly unperturbed by the staff turnover. But that doesn't mean he shouldn't be.
A huge chunk of the Patriots' player scouting staff has left the team since the curtain fell last season, most significantly Scott Pioli, but also including, according to Mike Reiss, Jay Muraco (college scouting coordinator), Jim Nagy (area scout) and Marvin Allen (area scout), and just this Monday, area scout Adam Peters. Even more worryingly, they have also hired a high school head coach to replace one of the earlier defectors who says the job "wasn't even in my thought process".
It seemed worrisome, but I was prepared to Keep the Faith.
Then, as the season progressed, it was clear there was something wrong. I was prepared to move quickly past the week 2 loss to the Jets, reasoning that this team wasn't going to go undefeated or 14-2 every season. It was in the loss against Denver that I started to grow concerned.
It pains me to say it, but it's true: this week our Golden Boy gets the Golden Sombrero. If any one player's performance should be looked to as the reason for losing this game, it's Brady's. Yes, you can argue Gostkoswki, who missed what turned out to be a crucial field goal, but really, it was Brady who was most inconsistent today, and Brady who left the scoring to Gostkowski in that crucial spot rather than converting for a touchdown.
You have to wonder just what the problem is. He has now lost to Denver at home, away, against different opposing coaches, playing under different offensive coordinators, with high amounts of personnel turnover on both teams since he first began his career. It seems like a silly question, but could it be the altitude? Is it psychological--is that night of Champ Bailey horror still stuck in his head, too?
Just what is Brady's issue with the Broncos?
Or is it a Brady issue, particular to this season, that goes deeper than that? He looked to be showing some of his old magic in Week 1 against Buffalo, but in the other games this season he and the rest of the offense have frequently been frustrating to watch.
Again, I reasoned, Belichick and Brady have lost to the Broncos more than any other team, especially on the road. It was easily forgotten for a while as the Patriots trounced the hapless Titans and Buccaneers. But even then, following the victory across the pond, came that nagging little germ of doubt, nourished by the inactivity of a bye week.
Here's the strange land of uncertainty in which Patriots fans find themselves, heading into the bye week at 5-2. How much of the last two weeks of dominance should truly be encouraging? And how much should be chalked up to facing consecutive 0-fer teams?
Prior to that, the Patriots beat the Bills (3-4), the Falcons (4-2) and Ravens (3-3). They've faced one team that's remained undefeated through Week 7 -- the Broncos, who had a bye this week. I think we know what happened then.
Then the Colts game happened. There are always a million factors in any game, but the one that got the most attention was a coaching decision to go for it on fourth and two deep in the Patriots' own territory. In the ensuing debate two conclusions emerged, one that Belichick and / or his offensive coaching staff were the problem, the other being that the defense was the problem and the play call was a response to that problem.
Either way, it wasn't good.
Still, it wasn't terrible. There were bright spots like Brady as he continued to gain strength through the season, even winning the Comeback Player of the Year award, and good games for individual players here and there like Leigh Bodden with his three interceptions against the Jets in their second meeting with the Patriots this season. They dominated at home, winning every game they played there.
And, of course, there was Wes Welker.
For some reason, though he set team records last year and the year before, though he now stands as only the eighth player in the history of the NFL to have back-to-back 100-reception seasons (per Sports of Boston, which has an excellent writeup of Welker's college and previous NFL accomplishments), Wes Welker has flown under the radar the way he sneaks in routes under safeties on the field. Randy Moss, the classic, willowy, fast-sprinting wideout, has set records of his own and garnered more of the attention, even among Patriots fans.
I think this game against the Jets has changed that once and for all. During some talk-radio listening yesterday, I heard the Sports Hub hosting a discussion about whether listeners consider Welker or Moss the Patriots' No.1 receiver, or at least which was their personal favorite.
That was fun while it lasted, but then the Patriots headed to New Orleans, where we saw just how ugly they could look this season. And then came the Miami game, with that devastating hit to Brady's ribs and an even more devastating, sloppy loss.
It was after these two games that the problems began to seem not only glaring, but systemic.
Then, a win, finally, against the Panthers, another weak opponent, at least as compared with the Saints and Colts. Even then, it was a mixed bag, sullied by the thundercloud over Randy Moss's head. Again, the problem did not seem to be a purely technical, X's and O's kind of problem. The problem was beginning to feel like an overall atmosphere around this team, an attitude, a culture that looked sickly compared to the brilliant, efficient Patriots of the early decade.
Moss would redeem himself the next week against Buffalo, and the Patriots would record their first road win since playing Tampa in London at mid-season. Then came another high point -- a convincing 35-7 victory over the Jacksonville Jaguars and the clinching of the AFC East. Just one more road game in Houston before we'd see which team would stand up when called on in the playoffs. On the one hand, the optimism brought on by hats and T-shirts felt hollow. On the other hand, it was hard to look a gift horse in the mouth.
And that's when Wes Welker, the heart and soul of the offense, the sparkplug who rallied the Gillette Stadium crowd when they played the Panthers, went down with a devastating knee injury in Houston.
With that, I think fans sensed that the remaining spark of hope that made any talk of playoff ambitions rational had just gone out. Here again, it wasn't just about X's and O's -- Welker was a bright spot not just between the lines but on the sidelines and in the locker room. Welker was the guy who got everyone, fans and teammates alike, pumped up.
Like I said, I certainly didn't expect the Patriots to be steamrolled quite as badly as they were in that first quarter yesterday. But was I shocked?
In the wake of yesterday's game, the discussion has focused on those factors -- not so much the X's and O's but the overarching themes of the team this year and the organization itself. In a way, I think the Patriots dynasty has become the victim of a kind of pernicious dry rot from within, the kind that would leave a tree standing whole on the outside, but hollow. On the surface, Belichick still stalks the sidelines in his gray hoodie; Brady is still under center in silver and blue. But if you look around at the rest, you see a lot of young players, a lot of coaches whose names you rarely hear invoked except in anger on talk radio, and a noticeably absent Scott Pioli.
Tom Brady had a further assessment in his media appearances postgame, most notably his weekly appearance on WEEI this morning.
Tom Brady acknowledged that, indeed, there was a leadership problem in the Patriots' locker room. And he was fine with the assessment that losing guys like Rodney Harrison, Tedy Bruschi, Richard Seymour, Larry Izzo and Mike Vrabel was one heck of a contributing factor.
"We've all thought about that," Brady said. "Those are special players and special guys, and it's not the uniform that makes players play the Patriot Way."
Brady continued, saying, "Other guys have to step in and fill those shoes, and other guys here who were here with those guys have to take those lessons they learned from those guys and apply them. ... Obviously, the leadership on this team wasn't where it needed to be."
So where did that show up? Brady was pretty clear in his assessment. "The games, that's when it's easy," which implies the problem came in the team's preparation.
Another clue that may have been what he meant? Several very pointed mentions of practice and preparation in his postgame press conference last night.
There used to be a kind of religion about the way Patriots players operated. They'd drunk the Kool-Aid. They were on board with the organization, and it was clear from their results on the field that the organization had been assembled from perhaps a perfect storm of evaluative and coaching talent. That atmosphere was almost totally absent from the Patriots this year, never more so than yesterday between 1 and 4 pm.
So maybe the zeitgeist has passed us by. Maybe the salad days really are over. I suspect it's something a little less dramatic -- and therefore maybe less satisfying in a way -- than that. I think we are witnessing an empire in decline, but it's not gone yet. Even with all their problems, the Patriots won 10 games this year and made the playoffs. All we can realistically ask is that they be competitive, and for all their bumps along the way, they were, at least until the very end.
I remember a great story about things changing as you don't realize it and the result is that it is totally different and not the same at all. "My father has a hammer that was once owned and used by Abraham Lincoln. Lincoln gave it to my great-great grandfather when they met as young boys. My great-great grandfather eventually gave the hammer to my great grandfather and eventually he gave it to my grandfather who one day replaced the worn head of the hammer. Then he gave it to my father, who replaced the handle."


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Vancouver Recital Society > French Suite No. 6 in E Major BWV 817
PROGRAM NOTES: MURRAY PERAHIA
Posted on April 11, 2017 by VRS
French Suite No. 6 in E Major BWV 817
The spirit of the dance can be felt across a wide range of Bach's works, from the fugues of the Well-Tempered Clavier to the Mass in B minor. For Bach lovers with toes eager to tap, then, an entire suite of dance pieces comes as veritable picnic for the ear. In this regard, the French Suites are among Bach's most immediately appealing keyboard works and the Sixth Suite especially so for the wide range of dance genres represented in it.
The standard Baroque suite as practiced in German lands comprised an allemande, a courante, a sarabande and a gigue, with any number of other dances filling out the space between sarabande and gigue – the so-called galanteries. These latter Bach lays on with a liberal hand, giving us in his French Suite No. 6 in E Major a largely French-inflected list of additional dances, including a gavotte, a polonaise, a minuet and a bourrée.
The influence of French lute music is apparent in the opening allemande with its pervasive pattern of arpeggiated chord guration. Broken chord gures in the so-called style brisé ("broken style") were a staple of the lute repertoire and widely adopted in the harpsichord literature of the late Baroque era because they provided a means for implying a multi-voice texture within a continuous stream of short-value notes. The peppier courante, while also unfolding in a steady stream of 16ths, relies far more on the impressive effects to be gained from standard idiomatic keyboard writing, especially runs and single lines passed between the hands.
The dignified sarabande expresses its grandeur by means of a gradual widening of the distance separating left and right hands, extending out to more than three and a half octaves at its height in the second half. It is also the most ornamentally decorated of the dances in this suite, simply rippling with trills in its melodic line against more philosophical ruminations in the bass.
The galanteries (gavotte, polonaise, minuet & bourrée) are typically French, with all the fashionable frills and ruffles of the early-18th-century style galant on full display. The gavotte hops while the polonaise purrs and twinkles, with an abundance of mordents. The minuet is a moderately paced sequence of short elegant phrases, breathlessly outpaced by the more rustic bourrée that follows.
The gigue nale displays the traditional mix of leaps and scales that normally characterize this exuberant English dance, with its opening theme turned upside down, as is the custom, at the start of the second half.
Impromptus Op. 142 D 935
Schubert was a pianist, but not a touring virtuoso trying to carve out a career for himself by burning up the keyboard in front of an ever-changing audience of strangers in the various capitals of Europe. His audiences were small, familiar, and local, and his smaller pieces such as his Impromptus Op. 142 reflect especially well the social setting for which they were composed. One hears the sounds of Viennese popular music, dance music in particular, and occasionally the close-position chordal textures of recreational part-singing.
The first impromptu in F minor is a simple A-B-A-B-A rondo with a mock-stern introduction that soon dissolves into the kinds of buoyant, quivering keyboard textures that "spoke" very well on the Viennese piano, with its relatively light action. The utterly enchanting B section features a whispering murmur of broken chords in the right hand over top of which the left hand enacts a dialogue between bass and treble on either side.
The second impromptu, in the form of a minuet and trio, is simplicity itself, dividing its attention between an anthem-like chordal opening theme, of small range and intimate character, and a wide-ranging middle section of rippling broken chords that drives (lovingly) to a sonorous climax.
Impromptu No. 3 in B at is theme and five variations. The theme is a gently toe-tapping melody of balanced phrases, varied in all the standard ways: rhythmic subdivision, textural infilling, elegant ornamentation, and a thickly scored, passionately throbbing minore variant. The last variation resembles a Czerny piano etude of unusual elegance and élan.
The impromptu with the most personality in the set is the last one in F minor, a rondo that really wants to be a scherzo. It hops and bounces, twinkling away in the minor mode, full of restless energy that erupts from time to time into overt displays of keyboard moxie in sudden outbursts of jarring trills and dazzling runs.
Rondo in A minor K 511
Within the diminutive confines of this little five-part rondo, with its lilting but melancholy siciliano theme is a miniature masterpiece of motivic concentration and emotional rhetoric.
The principal motives at issue in the large-scale working out of the piece as a whole are revealed in the melodic construction of its opening phrase: the fth degree of the scale, ornamented by a chromatic turn gure, drops to the tonic (home note of the key), then rises back up by chromatic half-steps the same distance as it fell before being swept towards a half-cadence by a full-octave scale in the purest melodic minor mode. This contrast between the pleading, pathos-tinged whimpering of chromatic half steps and the mood of forthright self-assurance evoked by the diatonic scale is played out in the rondo's successive alternations of refrain and episode.
Both episodes (the contrasting B and C sections of the A-B-A-C-A form) are in the Major mode and begin in an optimistic, psychologically healthy frame of mind. Before long, however, the mood of each is progressively undermined by the increasing prevalence of chromatic scale gures in the texture, a Wagnerian leitmotiv (before its time) that seems to be calling back the opening refrain in the minor mode.
The opening ornamental turn figure haunts this piece at many levels. It occurs almost 50 times as a melodic embellishment, but it also permeates many of the melodic gestures in larger note values, most notably in the rolling left-hand figures at the work's close.
Sonata in C minor Op. 111
Beethoven's last piano sonata presents the composer in the two guises that characterized his musical genius: as earth-bound raging titan and heaven-seeking poet of the human spirit. Its two movements correspondingly display the widest possible contrast in structure and mood, comprising a restless and argumentative sonata-form allegro in the minor mode followed by a placidly serene variation-form adagio in the tonic major. Both movements strive to push musical expression beyond known limits with an almost religious intensity of feeling, but they address different gods. Dionysus provokes the frenzied ravings of the first movement, Apollo the mystical contemplations of the second.
The first movement's maestoso introduction presents the ear with a defiant gesture, a jagged downward leap of the harmonically unstable interval of a diminished 7th, answered by a jangling trill higher up. There seem to be volcanic forces at play in the way that much of this movement's turbulent musical material rises abruptly to the surface after suspenseful passages of eerie calm. Scurrying passages of unison between the hands lend a skeletal starkness to the musical fabric while contrapuntal episodes of fugato only seem to concentrate its fury, not tame it. Emblematic of the extremes within which the argumentation of this movement operates is the sheer amount of sonic distance that often separates the hands. One climactic antiphonal exchange between treble and bass takes place over 6 octaves, and the movement's final chord, which arrives more out of emotional exhaustion than from a sense of resolution, extends over a space of 5 octaves.
This spaciousness of sound distribution characterizes the way in which the second movement's opening theme is harmonized, with a good two octaves separating the angelic melody of the right hand from the bass tones giving it harmonic meaning down below. The movement begins in a mood of elegy and contemplative repose, moving by small steps in its initial variations into more animated figuration, each growing naturally out of the previous. Contrast and variety is not the aim here, but rather organic development. Particularly spectacular is the arrival of a sparkling and jazzy third variation out of the dotted rhythms of the second. From this point on, however, the mood turns increasingly poetic, with a concentration on the heavenly timbres of the high register lovingly supported, from time to time, by a plush carpet of rumbles from the deep bass. Beethoven seems to be speaking to us outside of the world of normal harmony, in pure sound. In a blurry texture of tremolos and trills spanning the full range of the keyboard, his theme rises above all earthly cares, as if transfigured, leading the movement to a serene close.
Posted in 16-17 Season, Program Notes	| Tagged allemande, Bach French Suites, Baroque music, Chan Centre for the Performing Arts, classical music, franz schubert, French Suite No. 6 in E Major BWV 817, Impromptus Op. 142, J.S. Bach, Ludwig van Beethoven, minuet, Murray Perahia, piano, Recital, Rondo in A minor K 511, Sonata in C minor Op. 111, vancouver, VRS, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart


text:
State: Obama testing waiver will cost $3.1 billion
Carlos Esquivel , right, a fifth grader at Prospect Elementary in Orange researches Native American villages for a social studies project in this file photo. Prospect made the highest jumps on state test scores in OC in 2011.
By Fermin Leal | Orange County Register
California would need to spend up to $3.1 billion to implement teacher evaluations, adopt new learning standards, purchase new textbooks and other costs before the state can qualify for a waiver from much-criticized No Child Left Behind testing rules, according to a state report.
The new figures are outlined on a staff report that will be presented next week to the state Board of Education, where trustees will discuss whether the Golden State will apply for relief from the 2001 school accountability act that has labeled thousands of public schools statewide as failures – including about two-thirds of campuses in Orange County.
Under No Child Left Behind, schools must meet steadily rising achievement benchmarks until 2014, when all students are to be proficient in English and math – a standard educators frequently criticize as impossible. Schools that receive federal funding for at-risk students face sanctions that include having to offer free tutoring, changing leadership, converting to charters or state takeover.
Pres. Barack Obama offered a waiver in September, allowing states to avoid sanctions starting in 2012. But, to qualify, states must tie teacher and principal evaluations to student test scores, enact standards to prepare students for college and careers, and adopt national common education standards.
The staff report, prepared by the executive staff at the state Department of Education, says "projected cost estimates for statewide implementation of waiver conditions range from $2.4 billion to $3.1 billion. This estimate reflects materials adoption and purchase, professional development for all teachers, development and statewide implementation of a teacher and principal evaluation system, statewide implementation of teacher collaboration time, and assessment and accountability development costs."
State Superintendent Tom Torlakson has already said the cash-strapped state can't afford Obama's reform proposals. Instead, the superintendent called for Obama to provide unconditional relief from No Child Left Behind while the president and Congress work to reauthorize the law.
The waiver "would appear to cost billions of dollars to fully implement, at a time when California and many other states remain in financial crisis," Torlakson said in a letter he sent to the president in September.
Contact the writer: 714-704-3773 or fleal@ocregister.com
Fermin Leal
Woman accused of helping steal Pelosi laptop is freed from jail


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text:
Scotland's Gems
Central: Where to stay
by Sunday Post Features Team
Lodge on Loch Lomond, Luss
Book yourself a room with a view at this stunning hideaway. Tucked in at the quant village of Luss and overlooking the beautiful waters of Loch Lomond, The Lodge of Loch Lomond is a great base for exploring the central belt. Visit Scotland's most romantic church and its fabulous grounds or take a boat out from the hotel's own jetty.
Price: ££
Where: Lodge on Loch Lomond, Luss, Argyll and Bute, G83 8PA
loch-lomond.co.uk
Oak Tree Inn, Balmaha
A true family business, built by Sandy and Lucy Fraser in 1997 and now run by their kids. Situated on the beautiful and picturesque lochside village of Balmaha, the Oak Tree Inn has everything you could ask for all under one roof, from a B&B, restaurant and bar to a village shop and coffee stop complete with its own ice cream parlour. There's also an on-site brewery.
Where: The Oak Tree Inn, Balmaha, Loch Lomond, G63 0JQ
theoaktreeinn.co.uk
(David Cheskin)
The Pineapple, Airth
The Pineapple is an elaborate, two-storey summerhouse built for the 4th Earl of Dunmore. Though classical and orthodox at ground level, it grows into something entirely fruity – architraves put out shoots and end as prickly leaves of stone. It is an eccentric work of undoubted genius, built of the very finest masonry. To house the gardeners, stone bothies were built on either side of The Pineapple and that's where you stay. At the back is a lovely private garden.
Where: The Pineapple, Dunmore Park, Airth, FK2 8LU
landmarktrust.org.uk
Loch Lomond Holiday Park, Argyll
Loch Lomond Holiday Park offers stunning panoramic views across the Bonnie Banks. The park, which has glamping pods and luxury lodges with hot tubs and its own jetty and children's play park, is the perfect location for relaxing in the splendour of the mountains, or as a base for exploring the many interesting nearby sights, walks and historic viewpoints.
Price: £
Where: Loch Lomond Holiday Park, Inveruglas, Argyll, G83 7DW
argyllholidays.com
(Universal News And Sport)
Cromlix House near Dunblane
When Andy Murray acquired Cromlix, close to his hometown, it signalled not only a return to his roots but the chance to reinvent the glorious era of grand country house living. Following refurbishment, the US Open, Olympic and Wimbledon tennis champion has transformed the elegant Victorian Perthshire mansion into a luxury 15-bedroom five-star destination. The hotel offers guests the chance to experience the sort of decadent lifestyle once enjoyed by the Lairds of Cromlix, redefined for the 21st Century in sumptuous surroundings. Cromlix is set in 34 acres of secluded woodlands and garden grounds, with its own chapel and house loch. The hotel boasts a Chez Roux restaurant, offering reasonably priced menus that focus on using locally sourced produce wherever possible. It has five suites and 10 bedrooms, gate lodge accommodation, reception hall, two drawing rooms, conservatory, dining room, snooker and meeting rooms.
Price: £££
Where: Cromlix House, Kinbuck, Near Dunblane, FK15 9JT
cromlix.com
Loch Lomond resort 'most unpopular planning application in Scottish history'
MSP pledges to deliver 50,000 objections to Loch Lomond development
Family 'devastated' after Loch Lomond body find
Police find man's body in Loch Lomond


On our FC it is at the base of the steering column, left side near the floor, behind the carpet.
two Mikes are better than one!!happy bday!
there is a write up in the files, with insulation replacement.
Yep the migration will take about 10 days this year, with several stops.
Yeah Another year for Dave.
We should be at that same Walmart for fuel on Friday.
I'll know who to call, Maybe we go Mexican dinner next door.
Which heater blower the 110 volt toe heaters, the chassis heater blower or the Suburban propane heater ??
Here is the link to the other thread that may help James.
At that price it is worth a further look, seems repainted and peeling.
Probably a springer with a 3208 NA, air brakes & lighter weight.
did you drop the entire air tank to replace the PPV on the curb side close to the frame rail??
Who recognizes these BlueBirders cruising in a 1982 Excalibur?
Best thoughts and wishes to George, Follow Dr's orders and fight , Your Family and this BB community needs you.


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Q: How to show programs installed with brew in Launchpad? I've installed many programs with homebrew, but only one is shown in Launchpad. How can I show also others in that menu?
I have to open them from CLI, but someone has difficult name to remember and I want add them in Dock.

A: If the installed package has a .app, you can add a symlink to it inside your ~/Applications folder.
Launchpad will pick it up from there.
However, most packages installed by homebrew aren't what OS X calls "Applications", so you might not be able to do it out of the box.
An alternative would be to create an Automator workflow that runs a shell script, and save that workflow as an app.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: What is the symbolism of the chess game between Ron and Harry in Goblet of Fire? In Chapter 23, "The Yule Ball" of Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, Ron and Harry play a game of chess while procrastinating as Harry doesn't feel like trying to figure out what the egg clue for the second task means. The book says the chess match "culminated in an exciting checkmate of Ron's, involving a couple of recklessly brave pawns and a very violent bishop."
As someone who took high school Literature and has many of the theories about the Harry Potter books on this site, this passage screams symbolism, but of what? Surely this chess match parallels or foreshadows something else that happens in the books, but I can't think of what it would be.
Has Rowling ever said what the symbolism is, or has she ever dispelled the notion that there is symbolism in the match? Are there events in the books excellent parallels for the chess match?

A: JK Rowling wrote this to tell the reader about Goblet of Fire's ending.
One can say that the 'recklessly brave pawns' refer to Harry and Cedric Diggory. The 'very violent bishop' would refer to Voldemort.


text:
Pulsar milisekundowy – pulsar o okresie rotacji typowo 1-10 milisekund. Pulsary milisekundowe różnią się od zwykłych pulsarów radiowych tym, że ich ogromna prędkość rotacji nie wynika z młodego wieku, ale z epizodu "rozkręcenia" przepływem masy z towarzysza w układzie podwójnym w procesie nazywanym czasem "recyclingiem". Pulsary milisekundowe są starymi gwiazdami neutronowymi, występują szczególnie licznie w gromadach kulistych tj. wśród starych gwiazd populacji II. Pierwszy pulsar milisekundowy został odkryty w 1982 roku.

Pulsacje są obserwowane przede wszystkim w zakresie mikrofalowym albo rentgenowskim, w zależności od fazy ewolucyjnej układu podwójnego. Gdy następuje przypływ materii od towarzysza do gwiazdy neutronowej,  pulsar świeci w zakresie rentgenowskim, a jego moment pędu rośnie. Przepływowi materii towarzyszy zmiana parametrów orbity, która może powodować po pewnym czasie ustanie przepływu, i wtedy gwiazda jest pulsarem radiowym.
Towarzysz jest zwykle gwiazdą małomasywną, i jego masa w trakcie ewolucji maleje, częściowo w wyniku przepływu masy, a częściowo w wyniku ogrzewania warstw powierzchniowych gwiazdy przez pulsara, co powoduje powstawanie silnego wiatru (w fazie bez wymiany masy). W  skrajnym przypadku towarzysz może utracić całą swoją masę i zaniknąć, pozostawiając pojedynczego milisekundowego pulsara. Takie układy nazywane są popularnie czarnymi wdowami. Pierwowzorem takiego układu z zanikającym towarzyszem jest PSR 1957+20.

Obecnie znanych jest osiem pulsarów milisekundowych będących w fazie akrecji, ogólna liczba pulsarów milisekundowych to około 200.

Najszybszym znanym pulsarem jest PSR J1748-2446ad, obracający się z częstotliwością 716 Hz, czyli posiadający okres 1,396 ms.

Zobacz też
 PSR J1023+0038

Przypisy

Bibliografia

Linki zewnętrzne

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


A lot has happened since our previous Main Event update last Friday, as over 1000 players have become only 27 players still with the chance of taking down the most highly regarded poker tournament in the world!
Read more » 2017 WSOP Main Event: 27 Players Left - 2015 Bracelet Winner In The Lead!
Posted on Tuesday, June 06, 2017 by "T".
Just like any other gambler, poker players need diversity and constant action. That said, playing for millions of dollars in poker cash games and in WSOP tournaments just isn't enough for some individuals looking for more thrill and excitement.
Posted on Thursday, November 10, 2011 by "T".
In case you haven't been living under a rock since yesterday morning you probably heard that the 2011 WSOP Main Event is over and that Pius Heinz, from Germany, is the champion. After defeating Martin Staszko in heads up, Heinz received the diamond bracelet and an amazing first place prize of $8,715,638. Add to that that he's the first German in WSOP history to win the Main Event.
Posted on Wednesday, November 09, 2011 by "T".
Martin Staszko had the button, and he went all in for 39,5 million. Heinz called straight away and flipped over A[s]K[c], Staszko showed 10[c]7[c].
The tension in the room became palpable, and Staszko's and Heinz fans stood up and shouted for their cards.
The 2011 WSOP Main Event final table is still running and still a world champion hasn't been crowned. The 3 players who returned to the final table 7 hours ago were Pius Heinz, from Germany, with 107 million chips. In second place is Ben Lamb, from USA, with 55 million chips, and in third place is Martin Staszko, from Czech Republic, with 42 million chips.
Posted on Monday, November 07, 2011 by "T".
The 2011 November 9 kicked off yesterday and still a world champion hasn't been crowned. When 6 of the 9 players had hit the rail, the tournament crew called it a day and play will now resume on Tuesday. The remaining players are Pius Heinz, from Germany, with 107 million chips. In second place is Ben Lamb, from USA, with 55 million chips, and in third place is Martin Staszko, from Czech Republic, with 42 million chips.
Posted on Friday, July 29, 2011 by "T".
Nine days have now passed since the 2011 WSOP Main Event final table was set, and we are really sorry that we haven't been able to put up the news until now. Now, below you will find the 9 finalists and some brief information about each one of them (information taken from the official WSOP website). The final table (televised) will be played in the first week of November.
8 of the 9 finalists are guaranteed at least $1 million each, and the winner will become the World Champion and receive a prize check of almost 9 million dollars! All of the finalists have plenty of chips to work with, so expect it to be one of the most interesting final tables in WSOP history!
2011 WSOP Main Event: 22 players through to Day 8!
Posted on Tuesday, July 19, 2011 by "T".
After a very long, intensive and exciting day of play we're now down to only 22 players. These 22 players will now get some well-needed rest before they have to return to Rio's poker room and play Day 8 of the Main Event. All the remaining players are guaranteed at least $302,0000 each.
Just like in the past 7 days, a new player will return with the largest stack to Day 8, Anton Makievskyi. Makievskyi played fantastic poker during Day 7 and managed to accumulate a stack of over 21 million chips. His closest opponent, Eoghan O'Dea, has 19 million chips. Even though these 2 players have a nice lead over the rest of the field it's very hard to say what will happen during Day 8. One thing is for sure though - 9 players will make it to the final table in November - 8 of them will become dollar millionaires.
Posted on Monday, July 18, 2011 by "T".
Day 6 of the 2011 WSOP Main Event came to an end about 1 hour ago. Left are now only 57 players that will return to play Day 7 tomorrow. The current chip leader is Ryan Lenaghan with with almost 13 million in chips. In second place is Ben Lamb with almost 10 million chips, followed by 3 players with about 7-8 million chips (Matt Giannetti, Andrey Pateychuk & Phil Collins).
Notable names to survive play today include David Bach, Lars Bonding, Erick Lindgren, Sam Barhard and Team PokerStars Pros Sebastian Ruthenberg and Tony Hachem.
8 of the remaining players will become millionaires and one will become the World Champion and receive the coveted gold bracelet! We will return with an update as soon as day 7 is over. Stay tuned!
Posted on Sunday, July 17, 2011 by "T".
The 5th day of the 2011 WSOP Main Event is in the books. Out of the 6,865 players who signed up for the tournament 8 days ago, 142 players will return tomorrow and play Day 6 of the tournament. Not less than 5 players will return with more than 4 million in chips tomorrow. Chip leader is David Bach, from USA, with 4,7 million, closely followed by Pius Heinz (4,699,000) and Kyle Johnson (4,654,00).
Posted on Friday, July 15, 2011 by "T".
Day 3 of the World Series of Poker Main Event came to and end about half an hour ago. Out of the 1,864 players that started the day, "only" 900 players will return to play Day 4 tomorrow. In the lead are two americans - Patrick Poirier with 1,328,000 chips and Daryl Jace with 1,282,500. Sebastian Ruthenberg, from the UK, is the biggest name in the very top of the remaining field of players. Ruthenberg, who has 1 WSOP bracelet and 1 EPT title, played fantastic poker during Day 3 and has accumulated 889,000 chips and is in 6th place at the moment.
Apart from Ruthenberg, there are many big names with plenty of chips left (just to mention a few) - JP Kelly (33rd place - 492k), Ben Lamb (37th place - 450k), Erick Lindgren (64th place 355k), Tony Hachem (65th place - 355k), Allen Cunningham (87th place - 274k), Freddy Deeb (265k), Sorel Mizzi (93rd place - 250k), Jake Cody (95th place - 250k).
6 days have now passed since the 2011 World Series of Poker Main Event kicked off. In the 42-year history of WSOP, the Main Event this year is the third-largest ever, with 6,865 participants and more than 1.4 billion in prize money. Anyhow, the 4 starting days are in the books and also Day 2a (822 of 2,031 through to Day 3). We are now waiting for the official Day 2b results to be released. It will be interesting to see how many survived from the 2490-player field.
Posted on Wednesday, July 06, 2011 by "T".
Day 4 of Event #55: The Poker Player's Championship is being played at the moment. The tournament is on a 15-min break right now and there are only 13 players left. Chip leader is Brian Rast with 3,3 million chips, and in second place is Owais Ahmed with 2.2 million, closely followed by Minh Ly.
Ben Lamb, Phil Hellmuth and Jeffrey Lisandro (picture) are the biggest names left in the remaining field of players. We will return with an update as soon as the tournament is down to a final table. Stay tuned, folks!
2011 WSOP: Ben Lamb took down the $10k PLO Championship for $814,436!
Posted on Tuesday, June 28, 2011 by "T".
Congratulations to Ben Lamb, winner of Event #42: $10,000 Pot-Limit Omaha Championship. But boy was it close that he almost lost all his chips in the final hand. Below you can see how the last super-exciting hand between Ben Lamb, from Las Vegas, and Sami Kelopuro, from finland, was played out.
Read more » 2011 WSOP: Ben Lamb took down the $10k PLO Championship for $814,436!


text:
Upset over deferred foreign trip, Surat youth strips self
Ahmedabad Mirror / Updated: Jul 28, 2020, 03:29 IST
coronavirus a pandemic
By Asik Banerjee
A 22-year-old youth from Surat, who could not bear to see his dream of going to a foreign country slowly dissipating due to the uncertain Covid-19 situation, stripped himself in a public place. He was booked by the police for the obscene act.
On Monday morning, a team of Adajan police who were on patrolling duty received a message from the control room that a youth had allegedly stripped of his clothes and was creating ruckus near Green Arcade complex in Adajan area. A team led by Adajan ASI Chunilal reached the spot and found the youth completely naked and uttering profanities.
The cops brought the youth to the police station and booked him under IPC Section 294 (punishment for obscene acts or words in public). He was identified as Mihir Gohel (22), a resident of Garden Valley apartment. An Adajan police personnel told Mirror that Gohel has studied till BCom and was preparing for IELTS examination to migrate to Canada.
Due to the coronavirus pandemic, the exams got postponed. This put pressure on him and he couldn't handle it and committed such an act. Gohel was booked by cops and later released on bail.
In a video of the incident, Gohel can be seen walking nude by the roadside and using cuss words.
Adajan Police Inspector J B Bubadiya could not be reached for his comment.


text:
Q: Search file content on iphone Is there an Iphone SDK API to search resource files?
I have a set of html file resources that I'd like the user to be able to search in, but I want to avoid reading the files into memory and searching them one by one.
Is there any API that can help me do this?

A: No, you'll have to read the files in to search them. There's nothing like "Spotlight" on the phone.

A: I would suggest you using SQLite FTS3 extension for full text search through your documents. It has quite good capabilities for it. But you will need to strip HTML tags first so it can index only your text and don't bother with tags


The doctor designed reusable Ear Wax Removal Syringe is a safer alternative to the Rubber Bulb Syringe to gently flush the ear.
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text:
Former Uxbridge senator forfeits $90,000 to resolve campaign finance issues
Former Uxbridge State Sen. Richard Moore and his treasurer entered into a disposition agreement
with OCPF to resolve issues related to the non-disclosure of approximately $175,000 in credit card
expenditures made by the committee and to filing false campaign finance reports.
The committee, from 2008 to 2015, made $181,942 in payments on five credit cards, of which
only $7,253 was disclosed on campaign finance reports.
To resolve the matter, Moore made a personal payment of $48,082 to the state's general fund, and
disgorged the balance of his campaign account ($477).
Moore also forgave $41,440 in outstanding loans that he made personally to his committee.
The total forfeiture is $90,000.
"This agreement vividly illustrates the major problem with the non-depository system of
disclosing campaign finance activity," said OCPF Director Michael Sullivan. "Legislative candidates, like
statewide candidates, would be far better served by using the depository system."
The depository system combines candidate reporting with independent third party disclosure of
activity by the candidate's bank on a regular basis.
"If the Moore Committee had been required to disclose its activity through the depository system,
the non-disclosure of the Moore Committee's expenditures would never have occurred and their reports
would have been accurate," Sullivan said.
According to the disposition agreement, the Moore Committee filed reports with OCPF that did
not fully disclose its expenditures, resulting in discrepancies between the ending balances disclosed on
campaign finance reports and the actual ending balance in the committee bank account. For example, in
2018, the Moore Committee disclosed a balance of $165,495 on campaign finance reports, but the bank
account held only $537.
The following are OCPF's conclusions, according to the disposition agreement:
 The campaign finance reports filed by the Moore Committee between 2009 and 2018
failed to accurately reflect committee activity.
 Committee funds were used from 2008 to 2015 to make $181,942 in payments to five
different credit cards, only one of which was solely a committee card. The other four
were held personally, but were also used for campaign activity.
 Moore and his treasurer (who is married to the candidate) commingled committee and
personal expenditures by using the same credit cards for committee and personal use.
 Moore and his treasurer acknowledged that they knew the committee's campaign finance
reports were not accurate, but filed false reports because they did not know how to rectify
the situation.
 The committee failed to maintain required records, such as bank and credit card
statements.
Moore, as part of the disposition agreement, dissolved the committee. He was a state senator from
1996 to 2015, and a state representative from 1977 to 1994.
The disposition agreement, available here, was signed by Sullivan, Moore and Moore's treasurer,
Joanne Moore.
A disposition agreement is a voluntary written agreement entered into between the subject of a
review and OCPF, in which the subject agrees to take certain specific actions.


text:
Biden/Harris Administration
Dr. Jill Giacoppa Biden, "the first Italian American in the White House"
Italian Americans in the Administration
2020 Greatest Hits
Press Release re: Dr. Jill Giacoppa Biden OP-ED
Old Elections
Old Events
Old Presidential Election Activty
Old Press Releases/News
Old volunteer campaigns
Old Pages > Old Press Releases/News >
2016 Bryan Caforio
Contact: Arthur Gajarsa, Chair
info@IADLC.org
IADLC ENDORSES BRYAN CAFORIO FOR CONGRESS IN CALIFORNIA'S 25th DISTRICT
WASHINGTON, DC - The Italian American Democratic Leadership Council (IADLC), announces their endorsement of Bryan Caforio in California's 25th Congressional District. For more than twenty years, the IADLC have been the national voice of Italian Americans supporting candidates for Congress and major statewide offices, reaching out to Italian American voters for our presidential candidates, and promoting the appointment of Italian Americans at the national level.
Caforio's great grandfather James R. Caforio left Bari, Italy, when he was 16. He travelled to New York where he started working as an apprentice with a tailor and learned English at the local soda fountain. Caforio's father, Lucien Rocco Caforio, was born in Rhode Island in 1921. Grandpa Caforio moved his family to Bell, California, in the early 1920s and opened his tailor shop in Los Angeles. He also founded the Giuseppe Garibaldi Sons of Italy Lodge in Bell, and became the Grand Venerable of the Sons of Italy in America.
After Caforio graduated from the University of California, Los Angeles in 2005, his girlfriend (now wife) and he traveled to Italy, and visited Bari, Italy, in order to see where the Caforio family hailed from. Caforio later attended Yale Law School, where he assisted in representing tenants in need. After graduating Caforio started his career by going into public service and working for a United States federal judge. More recently, Caforio has practiced as an attorney in Southern California, where he has successfully taken on some of the largest banks in the world.
According to the DCCC, California's 25th Congressional District includes districts "where campaigns are on track and working hard to put seats in place" highlighting the importance of this race.California's 25th Congressional District is considered a battleground district and Caforio is challenging a Republican incumbent seeking re-election to his second term. Earlier this year Caforio was added to the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee's Emerging Races program on April 8. Emerging Races is the second tier of the Red to Blue program.
The IADLC has been the national voice of Italian Americans in the Democratic Party., organizing outreach to Italian American voters in targeted states, making sure Italian Americans are included in campaign efforts, and recruiting leading Italian Americans to the Democratic ticket. To learn more about the IADLC visit www.iadlc.org.
Paid for by the Italian American Democratic Leadership Council (www.IADLC.org) and not authorized by any candidate or candidate's committee. Contributions to the IADLC are not tax deductible.
© 2013 Paid for by the Italian American Democratic Leadership Council.- 555 11th St NW, Suite 401. Washington, D.C. 20004. Not authorized by any candidate or candidate's committee.
555 11th St NW, Suite 401. Washington, D.C. 20004. 202-466-1651. fax 202-466-1651. info@iadlc.org


text:
Post view
Cheap NBA 2K22 MT
Teammate evaluation" is visible on the screen.
"Teammate evaluation" does not mean that players should score 2k22 mt more goals, but must be part of the team in order in a successful manner of passing both offensive and defensive motions and to reduce mistakes (such as being taken from the opposing team, etc. .)."
Teammate evaluation" is visible on the screen. Look for it in the upper-right corner. It is a "teammate evaluation" that is not improved any time a goal gets scored, however a great play in which a partner effectively score a goal or to cause a foul from the opponent will significantly enhance the evaluation.
With the NBA changing to an focused on offensive shots and a 3-point shooting style, the appreciation of big men at the power forward and center positions has been largely lost. However, power forwards have developed with the game, and the NBA's best have shooting range as a component of their game.
That ability is displayed the ability to do so in NBA 2K every year, and specifically, the NBA 2K22 game in 2021. In a sense, the position has transitioned from being comprised of small-sized centers to now comprised of players like Jayson Tatum, and Kevin Durant who are just smaller small forwards.
Despite a slight decline in both his points and rebounds in a game John Collins had arguably his best year ever as a member of the Atlanta Hawks. The power forward who is athletic was recently granted a 5 year $125 million extension with the team, to retain a strong center around center Trae Young.
Collins has the potential to go over his 84 total in NBA 2K22 as he could be an unstoppable double-double force. It's all about the defensive effort and consistency for him.
Given that Ben Simmons likely departing the Philadelphia 76ers, the club will look for Tobias Harris to emerge as the clear number two, along with Joel Embiid, an elite center.
Harris is just coming off a season in which he had an average of 19.5 points, nearly seven rebounding along with 3.5 assists. Harris is a dynamo forward who can score anywhere and is a solid defensive player who can take some of the pressure off of Embiid's shoulders. It's not clear if his 85 in total this season is his ceiling to reach in NBA 2K, but 76ers fans hope that's not the situation.
One might think you can bet that the sons of buy Nba 2k22 Mt NBA star would also be an excellent basketball player, but within the professional world, no thing can be assured.
weiyismart 12/27/2021 0 143
While Jad is not a popular boss that you can NBA 2K22 has revealed the imagination
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This past spring, I had the pleasure of doing an engagement session with Derek and Hazel who also brought along with their fur baby! Hazel is originally from the UK and I met her originally through a former bride of mine a couple months prior! We absolutely love referrals due to the fact they already know what to expect with the quality of the photos! By knowing them already, you can tell from the photos we hit off really well and they were pros at following my hands on instruction throughout the park! Well without further a due here are their photos and enjoy all this awesomeness!


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By Admin on March 29, 2021 • ( Leave a comment )
Professors consider plans to shift focus away from a classical repertoire to embrace diversity
MUSICAL notation has been branded "colonialist" by Oxford professors who are hoping to reform their courses to focus less on white European culture, The Sunday Telegraph can disclose. Academics are deconstructing the university's music profile after facing pressure to "decolonise" the curriculum following Black Lives Matter protests.
They are considering changing undergraduate courses after some staff questioned the curriculum's "complicity in white supremacy".
Professors stated that the classical repertoire taught at Oxford, which includes works by Mozart and Beethoven, focuses too much on "white European music from the slave period".
Documents reveal that faculty members have proposed reforms to address this "white hegemony", including rethinking the study of musical notation because it is a "colonialist representational system".
Teaching notation that has not "shaken off its connection to its colonial past" would be a "slap in the face" for some students, documents state, and music writing studies have been earmarked for rebranding to be more inclusive.
Academics have also proposed that musical skills, such as learning to play keyboards or conducting orchestras, should no longer be compulsory because the repertoire "structurally centres white European music", which causes "students of colour great distress". It is also noted that the "vast bulk of tutors for techniques are white men".
A faculty checklist devised to tick off student demands notes that hip hop and jazz are on the curriculum at Oxford, providing "non-Eurocentric" topics of study. Professors also highlighted the issue of an "almost all-white faculty" giving "privilege to white musics". As a proposed change, the list of "special topics" open to students would be relabelled as "an introduction to sociocultural and historical studies" to reflect the faculty's new focus.
The suggestions – seen by The Telegraph – were put forward at a faculty "away day" where staff discussed "enhancing the diversity of courses".
However, there was dissent from some faculty members, with one stating that it was unfair for colleagues focusing on music from before 1900 to be accused of being concerned exclusively with music that is "Western" and 'white'". The development of Western classical music and its notation predate the establishment of the trade in African slaves, both having their roots in medieval liturgical music such as Gregorian chanting.
Major figures in the development of classical music including JS Bach, Mozart, Beethoven emerged in the 17th and 18th centuries at the peak of the slave trade.
The University of Oxford has been approached for comment.
First published in The Sunday Telegraph.
Categories: Classical Music
Foreigners flock to Serbia for coronavirus jabs


In the capital of Bamako, visiting UN Security Council President Francois Delattre, condemned the killings as an "unspeakable attack" late Saturday.
In December, Human Rights Watch had warned that "militia killings of civilians in central and northern Mali are spiraling out of control". The group said the ethnic Dogon militia known as Dan Na Ambassagou and its leader had been linked to many of the atrocities and called for Malian authorities to prosecute the perpetrators.


Los Potreros is a 6,500 acre working cattle estancia dating back to 1573. It lies at the top of the Sierras Chicas, in the Córdoba region of Argentina.
During a stay at Los Potreros you are welcomed by the Anglo-Argentine owners whose family have lived on the estancia for four generations. Having taken paying guests since the 1940's, Los Potreros has since fostered a reputation for personalised service and friendly atmosphere – perfect for an authentic estancia holiday.
Explore the varied terrain and landscapes on horseback; from rocky outcrops, hills, valleys and woodland. You might visit local churches during an out-ride, stop for a dip in a natural rock pool or ride out with the gauchos to bring in the young horses to protect them from puma. On another day you could help move and count cattle, try your hand at lassoing and polo or watch the horse-trainer at work.
The hills, lowland meadows and woodlands surrounding the estancia make for beautiful riding country, but are also home to wild boar, deer and diverse bird life from diminutive hummingbirds to impressive condors.
Riding on the estancia is suitable for all abilities. There are some 130 horses and a pool of around 80 are available to the guests. The horses all have exceptionally soft mouths, are well-mannered and in excellent condition; they are responsive and sure-footed. Most are either Criollos or Peruvian Pasos with some crossbreeds.
The horses are chosen to suit the ability of the rider and each rider has the chance to try several different horses during their stay. There are horses gentle enough for beginners but also ones suited to experienced riders. Unless requested, riding abilities are not mixed and up to three different groups can go out at a pace to suit everyone.
The pace of the rides is varied. Sometimes you are on tricky steep, rocky paths, sometimes on tracks, sometimes on grassy open hill tops, sometimes on dirt roads. For experienced riders there are normally opportunities to canter each day either on the top of the ridges, on the tracks or dirt roads, but most of the riding is at a moderate pace.
The tack is mainly English (ex-British army saddles and polo saddles) with sheepskins over the saddles. The riding is gaucho-style; relaxed with a loose rein contact. The horses respond to neck-reining.
Polo is normally played once a week on the estancia (minimum age of 12). These sessions involve informal tuition and a practice game. If you would prefer a more intensive polo experience then do consider our "Learn to Play Polo" weeks, which are scheduled on set dates in March, October and December.
Please note that the weight limit (in riding clothes) for polo and to ride the Peruvian Paso horses is 14 stone/90kgs (i.e. lower than the regular weight limit of 15 stone/95kgs).
Accommodation is in the beautifully restored estancia house. There are seven individually and traditionally decorated bedrooms each with a private bathroom and wood burning stove for chilly winter nights.
There is a swimming pool (usually open mid-October to mid-April) to dip into at the end of a hot day in summer. Between riding sessions you are welcome to relax on the veranda and enjoy afternoon tea or a gin and tonic.
Food and wine is a key part of the Los Potreros experience; meals are taken as a group and are very sociable affairs. Dishes are European and Argentinean in style and include home reared organic beef, local chicken and pork, pasta and free range eggs. Locally grown vegetables and fruits are served, often from the estancia's garden, along with local cheese, freshly baked bread and cakes. Every meal is accompanied by one or two salad or vegetable dishes and fresh fruit is available at all times. A traditional Argentine 'asado' (barbeque) is a real highlight for many.
The estancia is open from July to the end of April. There are no set arrival days so you can stay for as long as you wish. The minimum stay is three nights (minimum five nights over Easter, Christmas and New Year). We recommend a stay of at least seven nights.
No riding takes place on Sunday afternoons as it is the horses' time off.
The estancia can usually be booked on an exclusive basis for groups of 6 adults or more (minimum five night stay). Please ask for details.
Prices below are on the basis of a seven night stay and reflect the Argentinian sales tax refund for non-residents. Shorter and longer stays are possible; please ask for a quote.
INCLUDES Accommodation; full board; drinks; riding; return transfers from Córdoba airport (at set times).
SINGLE SUPPLEMENT Three rooms can be booked on single occupancy basis with no single supplement. If these rooms are booked there is a 30% single supplement for single occupancy of a double room.
PAYABLE LOCALLY Off ranch excursions; extra polo (c. US$150 for 3 sessions); tips; out of hours transfers.
TRANSFERS Included from Córdoba airport or Rio Ceballos bus station between the hours 08:00 and 20:00 (US$50 each way out of hours). Transfers are possible at additional cost from Córdoba hotels and Córdoba central bus station (US$50 each way).
Between the pampas and the Andes in the beautiful Córdoba region of Argentina.
Córdoba is known for its good weather. 'Siempre de temporada' - always in season is the old slogan. Winter nights (June to August) can be chilly.
If you have time it is worth extending your holiday and spending a few days exploring Buenos Aires or visiting Iguazu Falls. Alternatively, this ride combines well with many of our other rides in South America.


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Seewen (toponimo tedesco) è una frazione di 3 075 abitanti della città svizzera di Svitto, nel Canton Svitto (distretto di Svitto).

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Svitto
Località del Canton Svitto


Designed by Piero Lissoni in 2005 for FLOS.
A wall or ceiling fixture providing diffused lighting suitable for indoor use.
A wall or ceiling fixture providing diffused lighting suitable for indoor use. Silicone elastomer dust and waterproof seal. Die-cast aluminum lamp body and wall fitting. The diffuser is also available in polycarbonate which can be used outdoors.
1 x MAX 20W G9 halogen lamp excluded.


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Bulgaria's Bansko begins discounts to drum up business at Easter
Written by The Sofia Globe staff on March 23, 2015 in Bulgaria - Comments Off on Bulgaria's Bansko begins discounts to drum up business at Easter
Hoteliers in Bulgaria's winter resort of Bansko are to offer significant discounts to attract guests during the Easter holidays, public broadcaster Bulgarian National Television (BNT) said on March 22.
In Bulgaria, Easter means the Orthodox Christian Easter, this year from April 10 to 13, a week after the Protestant and Roman Catholic Easter. April 2 to 13 also are the dates of school holidays for Bulgaria's first to 11th-graders.
BNT said that hoteliers would be cutting prices by 30 per cent to attract more tourists during the spring school holidays and Easter holidays.
Hoteliers hoped that the lower prices would persuade Bulgarian tourists to spend their Easter holidays at the resort, the report said.
Conditions at the resort would make skiing possible until May, according to the report.
Separately, state railways BDZ said that it had opened on March 23 advance sales of tickets for train journeys for the Easter holidays.
Tickets were on sale at all stations and railway bureaus in the country.
The advance sales were of tickets for what BDZ classifies as "fast trains" on the country's major rail routes. Advance sales would continue until April 14, BDZ said.
BDZ said that it would provide additional passenger carriages on trains on the main rail routes in the country at Easter.
(Photo: Amorphisman)
Bulgaria's winter resorts alarmed by bar on arrival of non-EU nationals from red zone countries
EC approves 30M leva Bulgarian scheme to support tourism sector
Snow Day 2022: Bulgaria's resorts relish prospects of great weekend
Bulgaria increases aid for tour operators hit by Covid crisis


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photographs that show any details of a UFO, and there is no hardware. There is still no real proof.
So a public statement that was made in 1952 still holds true: "The possibility of the existence of interplanetary craft has never been denied by the Air Force, but UFO reports offer absolutely no authentic evidence that such interplanetary spacecraft do exist."
But with the UFO, what is lacking in proof is always made up for in opinions. To get a qualified opinion, I wrote to a friend, Frederick C. Durant. Mr. Durant, who is presently the director of a large Army Ordnance test station, is also a past president of the American Rocket Society and president of the International Astronautical Federation. For those who are not familiar with these organizations, the American Rocket Society is an organization established to promote interest and research in space flight and lists as its members practically every prominent scientist and engineer in the professional fields allied to aeronautics. The International Astronautical Federation is a world-wide federation of such societies.
Mr. Durant has spent many hours studying UFO reports in the Project Blue Book files and many more hours discussing them with scientists the world over—scientists who are doing research and formulating the plans for space flight. I asked him what he'd heard about the UFO's during the past several years and what he thought about them. This was his reply:
This past summer at the Annual Congress of the IAF at Innsbruck, as well as previous Congresses (Zurich, 1953, Stuttgart, 1952, and London, 1951), none of the delegates representing the rocket and space flight societies of all the countries involved had strong feelings on the subject of saucers. Their attitude was essentially the same as professional members of the American Rocket Society in this country. In other words, there appear to be no confirmed saucer fans in the hierarchy of the professional societies.
I continue to follow the subject of UFO's primarily because of my being requested for comment on the interplanetary flight aspects. My personal feelings have not changed in the past four years, although I continue to keep an objective outlook.
There are many other prominent scientists in the world whom I met while I was chief of Project Blue Book who, I'm sure, would give the same answer—they've not been able to find any proof, but they continue to keep an objective outlook. There are just enough big question marks sprinkled through the reports to keep their outlook objective.
I know that there are many other scientists in the world who, although they haven't studied the Air Force's UFO files, would limit their comment to a large laugh followed by an "It can't be." But "It can't be's"


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About History, culture & writing
World History Courses Online & in London
Explore the rich and often turbulent history and culture of various regions and specific countries from around the world. Tutors will take students on a journey of discovery to the hidden gems of places familiar, near and far, from modern France (1900 onwards) to Latin America to India (from the 1500s).
Many of our courses are delivered online. For more information about our live online courses, please see our guide to online learning.
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Political cartoons: their influence and power
Course Date: Sat 20 Feb 2021
Location on this date: Online
This course explores the art of political cartoons with special focus on the nineteenth century to the present.
This course will be delivered online. See the 'What is the course about?' section in course details for more information.
Full fee: £29.00
Senior fee: £23.00
Concession: £15.00
History and memory across the world
Course Date: Sun 14 Mar 2021
Typically, the past is often seen as 'gone', 'a long time ago' or even irrelevant. In contrast, this course promotes the idea that the past has a much stronger influence on how we—as individuals, families, communities, societies and in states as collective actors in international politics—think about not only the present but also the future.
Balance of power: Asia and the West
Course Date: Thu 8 Apr 2021
For centuries, Asia was the 'powerhouse' in world history. After a period dominated by European and American imperial powers (which never managed to colonise Asia in its entirety) global politics is once again pivoting towards Asia.
Full fee: £129.00
Senior fee: £129.00
Cold Wars: old and new
Course Date: Tue 27 Apr 2021
In this course we will explore more than just the Cold War between the USA and USSR. We will explore the meaning of Cold Wars, where they were (and are) fought, how and by who.
Understanding the Israel-Palestine conflict
Course Date: Wed 28 Apr 2021
Trace the historical roots of this conflict and study the peace process of the 1990s: Madrid talks, Oslo agreement, Camp David talks and the recent Middle Eastern road map, as well as the latest developments on this stimulating interactive lecture course. Tutor: Noman Hanif.
War and peace: understanding conflict around the world
Course Date: Tue 25 May 2021
The course is an exploration of war and peace, examining the ideas that underpin our understanding and approach to these notions.
African history reading group
Course Date: Wed 26 May 2021
African history remains a marginalised topic, both within the historical research landscapes and most educational system across the world. This reflects how history emerged as a scholarly endeavour in the context of European and American imperialism and nationalism. In this course we read and discuss African history to counter this and do our own work.
Course dates are 26/05, 23/06 and 21/07.
History of the world for beginners
Course Date: Mon 31 May 2021
Recent events have shown us that we must think globally. Yet, how do we go about that with regards to history? Do we think only about the global past or do we situate our understanding in the global present? And if we can even agree on that, do we give primacy to empires and imperialism, technology and arms, trade and finances, oceans and nature, power and resistance, people or systems, or all of them?
Chinese history for beginners
Course Date: Wed 20 Jan 2021
A beginners' course in Chinese history - looking at China's social, political and cultural history, alongside major events of Chinese history.
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Pope Francis calls for vaccines for poor in Easter message
Pope Francis urged Catholics to remain hopeful in his Easter Sunday address, calling vaccines an "essential tool" in ending the pandemic and urging their swift rollout to the world's poorest countries.
Axar.az reports that on the holiest holiday for the world's 1.3 billion Catholics and the second under the shadow of the coronavirus crisis, the pope focused his message on the world's most vulnerable -- the sick, migrants, people facing economic hardship, and those living in war zones like Syria, Yemen and Libya.
"The pandemic is still spreading, while the social and economic crisis remains severe, especially for the poor," the 84-year-old Argentine said, speaking to a congregation of only around 100 people inside the vast St. Peter's Basilica.
"Vaccines are an essential tool in this fight," he said, calling on the international community to overcome delays in distributing vaccines "especially in the poorest countries".
Francis, who has focused on the plight of vulnerable groups since becoming pope in 2013, had already warned rich nations against vaccine hoarding in an address to the UN General Assembly in September.
The pope said it was "scandalous" that armed conflicts around the world had not ceased.
He called for an end to the war in Syria, "where millions of people are presently living in inhumane conditions", and in Yemen "whose situation has met with a deafening and scandalous silence".
He also expressed his closeness to Myanmar's youth -- "committed to supporting democracy" -- called for dialogue between Israelis and Palestinians, and urged an end to violence in Africa, citing Nigeria, the Sahel, Northern Ethiopia's Tigray region and Cabo Delgado in Mozambique.
"There are still too many wars and too much violence in the world," Francis said, adding that April 4 marked an awareness day against landmines, "insidious and horrible devices".


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ABOUT VICB
RESEARCH & MEMBERS
Discovery at the VICB
Anatomy of a Toxin Pore
By Jaime Jensen
This article originally appeared in the Nature Research Microbiology Community blog.
The bacterium Clostridioides* difficile (C. diff) has been called many things: a superbug, a public health menace, an urgent concern, a notable threat. C. diff infection (CDI) is frequently nosocomial and results from major disruption of the gut's normal flora – a state often induced through antibiotic usage. Public health officials have also noticed a rise in community-acquired CDI in recent years. Although the major virulence factors of CDI are toxin A (TcdA) and toxin B (TcdB), a third toxin, C. difficile transferase (CDT), has risen in prominence, as its presence during infection has been associated with more severe forms of disease.
I, along with other members of the lab of Borden Lacy (Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology), recently published a study in Nature Microbiology detailing our recent work on CDT. Through the use of cryo-EM, we identify four CDT structural states, which provided insights into its functioning and helped us identify a previously unknown CDT domain.
An artist's rendering of the pore-forming action of a C. difficile binary toxin. Courtesy of the artist. Eve Moll 2019.
CDT is composed of two proteins, CDTa and CDTb, and is therefore considered a binary toxin. Once it is secreted from C. diff, CDTb binds to host colonic epithelial cells through the lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor (LSR) and oligomerizes to form a heptamer capable of recruiting CDTa. After the complex is internalized by the colonic cells through endocytosis, a series of intricate conformational changes converts the CDTb heptamer from a prepore to a membrane-spanning pore that completely traverses the lipid bilayer and that allows for the translocation of CDTa into the host cytosol. CDTa then catalyzes ADP-ribosylation of cellular actin, which disrupts the cytoskeleton and ultimately leads to better adherence of C. diff in the colon.
What began as a straightforward approach to structurally characterize CDTb led to a detailed description of CDTb pore formation, provided several clues toward a mechanistic explanation for CDT intoxication, and truly highlighted the immense potential of cryo-electron microscopy (EM).
An observation that in vitro trypsinization yielded oligomerized CDTb, which could be visualized as a dimer of heptamers via negative stain EM, made CDTb an ideal candidate for cryo-EM experiments. What we initially thought was a homogenous population of CDTb particles after size exclusion chromatography and negative stain EM turned out to contain multiple species of CDTb oligomers, which could not be separated despite our best efforts. Included within this heterogeneous group were CDTb monomers and dimers, that, due to limited available views of these smaller particles, only returned low resolution reconstructions, plus a "short" and a "long" form of the double heptamer. Through 3D reconstructions at 3.7-3.9 Å resolution, we showed that the short form contained one heptamer in the pore state, and one in the (non-inserted) prepore state, while the long form contained two very similar heptamers in an intermediary state wherein the beta-barrel is only partially formed. Thus, from a single sample, we successfully isolated three distinct states of CDTb from the transition of prepore to pore.
A second experiment to obtain the structure of CDTb bound to its host cell receptor, LSR, did not show LSR and an expected CDTb domain, but did reveal a fourth "pre-insertion" state of CDTb. By solving the structure of CDTb, we also identified a previously uncharacterized domain that is capable of binding certain glycans and is not present in the structurally related protective antigen from the Bacillus anthracis anthrax toxin.
This work generated several unexpected results, some of which are highlighted above, but one of the most intriguing is that the four CDTb structural states were all observed at pH 8.0. Canonically, the transition to the pore state includes structural changes triggered by the acidic environment of the endosome. However, we have demonstrated that at least some of these extensive structural rearrangements may proceed near physiological pH. Further experiments are required to evaluate the influence of pH on pore formation and cargo translocation, but these current studies considerably enhance our understanding of CDT function and will inform future efforts to develop new CDI therapeutics that specifically neutralize CDT.
This research was facilitated by the VUMC Flow Cytometry Shared Resource and by funding from the United States Department of Veterans Affair, the National Institutes of Health, and Vanderbilt University.
*Formerly Clostridium
Vanderbilt University Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center Vanderbilt University Basic Sciences
The Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, 896 Preston Building, Nashville, TN 37232-6304, phone 866.303 VICB (8422), fax 615 936 3884
Vanderbilt University is committed to principles of equal opportunity and affirmative action. Copyright © 2019 by Vanderbilt University


1. What types of scales are there and what are their advantages and disadvantages (download 'Brief Guide to Mobile Weighing' pdf document or read below)?
A) BEAM, PALLET & PLATFORM SCALES These form the most basic and cost effective form of weighing pallets, containers, boxes and drums. These are portable systems.
B) PALLET TRUCK SCALES A basic and entry level mobile weighing system, suitable for use in lower weight applications.
C) POWERED PALLET TRUCK SCALES Providing load indication on more sophisticated powered pallet trucks which have potentially higher weight carrying capability than manual versions. Both load cell and hydraulic systems are available and this is explained later in this document.
Fitted as a basic and cost effective system, with a transducer fitted integrally into the hydraulics of the truck, the indicator enables simple overloading checks to be performed, often by means of green, amber and red LED indication of load weight. These systems are particularly suitable for applications where the load centre remains constant.
Offers the most cost effective means of on-board mobile weighing which provides detailed weight information and is one the most popular products.
These systems are based on load cells, which are built into new replacement forks of the lift truck. They operate completely independently of the lift truck, and on many suppliers' equipment, the indicator is on top of one of the forks with the battery built into the other.
This system is fitted to the fork carriage, which runs within the mast of the truck. Can be used on trucks, which carry handling attachments, such as rotators, grabs, clamps, etc.
For use in Zone I and II hazardous areas, special systems are available to meet current regulations. Systems for lift trucks are available which operate both on hydraulic and load cell systems, in addition to the hand pallet truck. The advantages and disadvantages are comparable to the standard systems.