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Maryland Accident Law Blog
Published By Lebowitz & Mzhen Personal Injury Lawyers
Jack D. Lebowitz
Vadim A. Mzhen
Angelica A. Carliner
Rebecca A. Riger
Articles Posted in Injuries to Minors
Baltimore to Pay $100k in School Bus Death Lawsuit
May 13, 2013 | Lebowitz & Mzhen
Last week, the City of Baltimore Board of Estimates voted unanimously to pay $100,000 as part of a settlement in a negligence lawsuit relating to the death of a young special needs boy who died after jumping from a school bus.
The $100,000 settlement relates only to the allegations made against the city school system, who hired the bus company to transport the boy to and from school. The family has a separate claim against the bus company, an independent company.
The lawsuit alleges that school officials knew the boy struggled with "impulse control," and that he had a history of attempted exiting from the bus, yet proper procedures were not followed, and he was not restrained on the day of the fatal accident. He died just two days after the accident, as a result of the head injuries he sustained.
According to the suit, there were multiple prior incidents demonstrating the boy's behavior on the bus. These included the boy standing at the rear of the bus during the entire duration of the ride and, on a separate occasion, an attempted jump out the back door.
The lawsuit alleges that, on the day of the accident, the boy first attempted to open the front door of the bus, but the bus driver motioned at him with his hat, and continued to drive. The boy then allegedly walked past several aides, none of whom made any attempt to stop him, and then opened an emergency exit at the back of the bus, and jumped from four feet in the air into oncoming traffic. The bus driver continued driving, at a speed of 30 mph.
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Lebowitz & Mzhen
Posted in: Injuries to Minors
Updated: May 13, 2013 8:42 am
Parents of 7 Year-Old File Notice of Intent to Sue Police for Allegedly Handcuffing, Interrogating Child for 10 Hours
February 11, 2013 | Lebowitz & Mzhen
The parents of a seven year-old Bronx boy filed a notice of a claim against the New York City Police Department for $250 million. Another student at their son's elementary school accused the boy of stealing five dollars from him, and the parents allege that the police drastically overreacted by detaining him for ten hours. The claim, filed with city officials, is a required step prior to filing a lawsuit for damages against the city.
Police say that they responded to a report of a robbery and assault at PS X114 in the Bronx at around 10:20 a.m. on December 4, 2012, four days after the alleged offense occurred. The child claiming to be the victim of the robbery, a nine year-old whom we shall refer to as A., alleged that another boy, seven year-old W., punched and shoved him, then took five dollars out of his pocket. This occurred off school grounds. A. described W. to the media as "the worst bully," claiming that W. routinely harassed him. W. denied A.'s allegations, saying that the money had fallen to the ground, and that another boy picked it up. W.'s family alleged that another boy later admitted to the theft.
Instead of sending W. to the principal's office, the school called the police, who allegedly pulled W. out of class and detained him at the school for about four hours. They then took W. to the 44th Precinct. W.'s mother, Frances Mendez, says that she was not allowed to see W. when she arrived at the station. When officers eventually allowed Mendez and her sister to see W., they claim that they found him in a panicked state with his left wrist handcuffed to a wall. W. allegedly spent six hours at the precinct. Mendez claims that officers "verbally, physically, and emotionally abused" W. during this time, and that they also "intimidated, humiliated, embarrassed and defamed" him.
Posted in: Injuries to Minors and Police Brutality
Insurer Not Obligated to Defend in Tort Case for Sex Abuse, Maryland Court Rules
January 10, 2013 | Lebowitz & Mzhen
An insurance company is not obligated to defend or indemnify its insured in a civil claim for damages arising from acts of sexual abuse of a child, according to a Maryland court's order. The U.S. District Court for the District of Maryland, ruling in Harrison v. Fireman's Fund Ins. Co., Civil Action No. ELH-11-1258 (D. Md., Dec. 29, 2011), denied a request for a declaratory judgment that the defendant insurance company had a duty to defend the plaintiff. After the plaintiffs in the civil sex abuse lawsuit intervened in the case, they and the insurance company each filed motions for summary judgment. The court granted the insurance company's motion and entered a declaratory judgment in its favor. It denied the intervenors' summary judgment motion.
The chain of events leading to the declaratory judgment action began with a criminal case. William L. Harrison was convicted of sexual abuse of a minor in August 2009, and received a ten-year prison sentence. See Harrison v. Maryland, 17 A.3d 144 (Md. Spec. App. 2011). According to the appellate court that affirmed the conviction in 2011, Harrison approached the father of the victim, identified as S.B., in the summer of 2006. He reportedly asked the father if S.B., who was thirteen years old at the time, would be interested in working with him on landscaping and other jobs. S.B. worked for Harrison part-time until the summer of 2007, when S.B. told his mother that Harrison had "touched him inappropriately." Id. at 145. Harrison was indicted in January 2008.
S.B.'s parents filed a civil lawsuit against Harrison in February 2010 for damages related to the abuse of S.B., identified in that lawsuit as S. Doe. The Does pleaded five causes of action against Harrison: negligence, assault, battery, intentional infliction of emotional distress, and a claim for medical expenses. Harrison in turn filed suit against his insurer, Fireman's Fund Insurance Company, seeking a declaratory judgment as to its duty to defend him in the Does' lawsuit. The Does intervened, and both they and the insurance company moved for summary judgment.
Posted in: Child Sex Abuse, Injuries to Minors, Insurance Disagreement and Sexual Abuse
Death of Maryland Family in Auto Accident Leads to First Lawsuit Based on Fetal Death Statute: Baumann et al v. Slezak et al
November 23, 2012 | Lebowitz & Mzhen
An accident on a Nebraska highway took the lives of a Maryland family. The resulting lawsuit, Baumann v. Slezak, et al, is reportedly the first to invoke that state's law allowing causes of action for the wrongful death of unborn children. Nebraska's law, enacted in 2003, differs from Maryland's wrongful death statute, in that it allows causes of action for prenatal deaths "at any stage of gestation." Maryland only allows causes of action for the death of viable fetuses.
In the early morning of September 9, 2012, the Schmidt family was stuck in a traffic jam on westbound Interstate 80. The family, which consisted of Christopher and Diana Schmidt and their two children, was driving through western Nebraska on their way from Maryland to California. Diana Schmidt was seven-and-a-half months pregnant with a child they had named Ethan. The couple was driving in separate cars: Diana Schmidt and the two children were in a Toyota Corolla, and Christopher Schmidt was directly behind them in a Ford Mustang. The traffic jam was the result of a deadly collision between two semi-trailers about a mile further up the highway. One semi had become disabled, and although the driver pulled the rig to the side of the road, he allegedly left the trailer blocking traffic. Another semi crashed into the trailer at about 4:30 a.m., killing its driver.
While the Schmidts were stopped at the rear of the long line of traffic, a semi trailer driven by Josef Slezak collided with the back of the Mustang. Slezak was allegedly driving seventy-five miles per hour, and did not make an effort to slow or stop his rig. The collision caused the Mustang to collide with the Corolla, pushing the Corolla under another trailer. All four members of the Schmidt family, as well as their unborn child, died in the collision.
Posted in: Car Accidents, Injuries to Minors, Maryland Legislation, Truck Accidents and Wrongful Death
Children Risk Serious Injury from Recreational Trampoline Use, Pediatricians Say
October 8, 2012 | Lebowitz & Mzhen
Recreational trampolines, particularly the kind found in backyards, pose a serious risk of injury to children, according to a paper published by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) this month. The AAP has long advocated against the recreational use of trampolines, citing the high risk of fractures, spinal cord injuries, and traumatic brain injuries. Other medical associations and the federal government have also noted the hazards of trampolines.
Trampoline use in the home environment remains a popular activity for children and teenagers, despite repeated warnings from the AAP and other groups. The Council on Sports Medicine and Fitness, part of the AAP, reported on the risks of trampoline use in the October issue of the AAP's official journal, Pediatrics. It estimates that around 100,000 trampoline-related injuries occur every year, and that in every year since 2005, they have been responsible for three to four thousand hospitalizations and deaths. This actually represents a decrease in the annual injury rate, which reportedly peaked at the same time as trampoline sales in 2004. The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) has also noted a direct correlation between the popularity of recreational trampolines and injury rates.
The original purpose of the modern trampoline was athletic training, not recreation, according to the patent obtained in 1945 by competitive gymnast George Nissen. His patent was for a "tumbling device" he intended to use to train gymnasts and acrobats. It later found a use in military aviation training. Recreational trampolines appeared once manufacturers were able to create frames that consumers could assemble at home. The AAP, the AAOS, and the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) all warn of the dangers inherent in trampoline use. Manufacturers have added safety features in recent years, including padding for trampoline frames and nets to prevent users from falling off the sides, but the AAP reports that these measures have not shown any significant impact on the injury rate.
Posted in: Injuries to Minors, Personal Injury, Spinal Cord Injuries and Traumatic Brain Injuries
Penn State Prepares for Sexual Abuse Lawsuits After Sandusky Verdict
June 28, 2012 | Lebowitz & Mzhen
Penn State University is reportedly seeking to settle the civil lawsuits filed by victims of former assistant football coach Jerry Sandusky after a Pennsylvania jury convicted Sandusky on forty-five counts of sexual abuse. This reported intent includes lawsuits that were already filed against the university, and those that are sure to follow. Penn State proposed a process to "address the victims' concerns and compensate them for claims" related to allegations of abuse by Sandusky and both inaction and concealment by the university. In all likelihood, the university wants to resolve all potential claims quickly. Several lawsuits are already pending in Pennsylvania courts.
Sandusky worked in the Penn State football program for decades, retiring in 1999 but staying on with an "emeritus" title. He founded The Second Mile, a charity intended to help at-risk youth, in 1977. Prosecutors alleged that he used the charity to find his victims. They also alleged that the university knew about allegations of abuse going back years but failed to follow up on reports and investigations. In addition to the charges against Sandusky, prosecutors charged several Penn State administrators with perjury and obstruction of justice. After a trial lasting about a week, a jury convicted Sandusky on all but three charges of sexual abuse, forty-five in total.
Posted in: Injuries to Minors, Premises Liability and Sexual Abuse
Maryland's Graduated Driver's License Law Helps Prevent Teen Fatalities in Car Crashes
April 19, 2012 | Lebowitz & Mzhen
Graduated driver licensing laws (GDL) in Maryland contribute to one of the lowest rates of automobile accident fatalities involving teen drivers, according to a recent study. The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), working with State Farm Insurance, reviewed data on nationwide traffic accidents involving teenagers between 2009 and 2010. The study defined "teens" as people ages 15 to 19. Maryland has one of the lowest rates of teen-driver-related fatalities in the nation, and the rate has substantially declined in the past five years. Robust GDL laws, in which teen drivers initially receive highly-restricted driver's licenses and gradually earn additional privileges, show a strong correlation with low rates of fatal automobile accidents involving teen drivers.
CHOP's report, entitled "Miles to Go," provides a "yearly snapshot of teen driver safety for the nation." The study found over 55,000 serious injuries among teens due to car accidents in the period from 2009 to 2010. Thirty percent of those injuries involved head trauma, such as skull fractures or traumatic brain injuries. Head trauma is the leading cause of death for teens in traffic accidents.
A total of 3,413 car crash fatalities involving teen drivers occurred in 2010. Fatalities include teen drivers, passengers of teen drivers, people in other vehicles, and people not in a vehicle (e.g. pedestrians). The report notes that three out of ten teen fatalities in 2010 involved people outside the teen's vehicle. The total number of fatalities involving teen drivers nationwide declined by over thirty-five percent between 2005 and 2010.
Nationwide, the fatality rate for auto accidents involving teen drivers was 9.5 per 100,000 people. Maryland had the fifth-lowest rate in the country, with 5.8 per 100,000 people. This is a decline of more than forty-eight percent from 2005. The study's authors credit strong GDL laws in the states with the lowest fatality rates.
Maryland's GDL law, known as the "Rookie Driver" program, issues a driver's license to teens in three stages: a learner's permit, a provisional license, and a full driver's license. A teen can apply for a learner's permit at age 15 years and 9 months. A learner's permit holder can only drive with a person age 21 or older, who has had a full license for at least three years (known as a "qualified supervising driver"), in the front passenger seat with them.
Posted in: Car Accidents, Injuries to Minors, Traumatic Brain Injuries and Wrongful Death
Energy Drinks Allegedly Cause Maryland Teen's Death from Caffeine Toxicity
March 21, 2012 | Lebowitz & Mzhen
Fourteen year-old Anais Fournier, of Hagerstown, was at the mall with friends on December 16, 2011. Her friends told the Record Herald that Fournier drank one 24-ounce energy drink that day, and that she drank another one less than twenty-four hours later. On December 17, she went into cardiac arrest. Doctors at a Baltimore hospital induced a coma to prevent her brain from swelling, but six days later, she died, having never regained consciousness.
Fournier's death certificate lists "cardiac arrhythmia due to caffeine toxicity" as her official cause of death. She reportedly suffered a complete lack of oxygen to her brain when she lost consciousness. Fournier had a heart condition that can cause heart valve malfunctions. Doctors did not directly connect her heart condition to the arrhythmia that caused her death, but heart conditions are among the risk factors in scientific studies of energy drinks.
The forty-eight ounces consumed by Fournier reportedly contained 480 milligrams of caffeine, which according to TODAY Health is almost five times the limit that the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends, and roughly equal to the amount of fourteen 12-ounce cans of Coca-Cola. Many beverages marketed as "energy drinks" contain ingredients like guarana and taurine that themselves contain caffeine, as well as high levels of sodium and sugar. The Record Herald reports that doctors advise parents to keep such energy drinks away from children, citing potential side effects like high blood pressure, seizures, and even death. Energy drinks can be especially dangerous for people with diabetes, high or low blood sugar, or heart conditions.
Fournier's death has led her family, friends, and others to call for regulation of energy drinks by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Energy drinks are reportedly categorized as "nutritional supplements," and so are not subject to the FDA's limit of 71 milligrams of caffeine per 12 ounces in soda. They are also not subject to the FDA's safety testing and labeling requirements. A press release from the American Beverage Association, issued about a month before Fournier's death and quoted by the Record Herald, alleged that energy drinks have FDA approval, and that they contain less caffeine than a typical cup of coffee. While an 8-ounce energy drink contains between 60 and 100 milligrams of caffeine, according to the press release, a similar amount of coffee contains between 104 and 192 milligrams.
Posted in: Injuries to Minors, Products Liability and Wrongful Death
Fourth Circuit Apportions Damages Pro Rata in Maryland Lead Poisoning Case
A Baltimore girl's $2 million jury verdict for toxic exposure to lead paint suffered a setback last month, when the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that the insurance company for the realty company that owned the house where she lived would only be obligated to pay forty percent of the total judgment. She still stands to receive a substantial sum of money, but the court's ruling cuts the amount she may realistically expect to collect.
Lakia Roberts lived at a house in Baltimore from 1991 to 1998. When she was only twenty months old in 1992, doctors diagnosed her with lead poisoning. She continued to exhibit elevated levels of lead in her blood until 1995. Lead poisoning can have serious health effects on children, including learning disabilities and kidney damage, according to the National Institutes of Health. Roberts and her mother filed a state lawsuit against Attsgood Realty Company in 2005, claiming that the company's negligent management of the property where they lived caused her lead poisoning.
As we previously reported in this Maryland Accident Law Blog, a jury awarded Robert $2 million in 2009, consisting of $500,000 in actual damages and $1.5 million in non-economic damages. Due to a Maryland law that caps non-economic damages at $350,000, her total judgment was reduced to $850,000.
Attsgood had sought defense and indemnification from its liability insurer, Pennsylvania National Mutual Casualty Insurance Company, commonly known as Penn National. The company had issued an insurance policy to Attsgood with one year of coverage beginning on January 13, 1992, later extended by another year. Attsgood did not have liability coverage on the property before this date. Attsgood sold the property on November 1, 1993. The policy with Penn National stated that it would pay damages for bodily injury and property damage occurring during the term of the policy.
After the jury verdict in 2009, Penn National sought a declaratory judgment in federal court holding that it was only obligated to pay at most $340,000, that being forty percent of the judgment against Attsgood. It argued that, since Roberts' claim was for ongoing damages occurring from her birth on January 17, 1991 until August 1995, when the lead in her blood reached normal levels, it should only be obligated pay pay for the damages that occurred after its coverage began on January 13, 1992 and before Attsgood sold the property in November 1993. Roberts argued that Penn National should be obligated to pay the full amount of the judgment.
Posted in: Injuries to Minors, Insurance Disagreement, Premises Liability and Unsafe Premises
Maryland Teen Dies After Falling from Moving Vehicle, Mother Blames Alcoholic Beverage Manufacturer
March 5, 2012 | Lebowitz & Mzhen
A Maryland teenager died the evening of Saturday, February 18, 2012, when he fell from a moving car and was struck by another vehicle. Michael Truluck, age 13, had allegedly consumed an energy drink containing alcohol earlier in the evening with friends. He was reportedly feeling sick, and his friends said he had vomited twice when his mother's fiance came to pick him up. During the ride home, he reportedly removed his seat belt and opened the car door, while the car was in motion, in order to vomit again. He fell out and was struck by a Ford Explorer. Police have said they will not file charges against the driver of the Explorer.
Initial news reports indicated that the boys were drinking Four Loko, an alcoholic beverage once marketed as an energy drink. Subsequent reports from the Associated Press said that it was not clear exactly what drink they were consuming. Police were also not sure who provided them with the drinks, although they suspect an adult in the neighborhood. Truluck's mother has stated that she believes the drink caused her son's death by making him so ill that he lost control of his actions. She told the Baltimore Sun that she believes he was so sick because of the drink that he was not aware of anything except the need to vomit. She is now speaking out against underage drinking.
The beverage marketed as "Four Loko" has already had a controversial history. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued warnings that mixing caffeine or other chemicals often used in energy drinks with alcohol posed a number of health risks. It can prevent a person from full awareness of their own intoxication because the caffeine or other supplement masks the direct effect of the alcohol, but the person is nevertheless impaired. The FDA called this a "wide-awake drunk" effect. Four Loko's manufacturer, Phusion Projects, reportedly reformulated the drink in 2010 to remove caffeine, but it continued to include alcohol in the formula. Some states banned the sale of the drinks when several college students died after allegedly consuming Four Loko.
The family of a teenager in the D.C. area who died in a car accident after allegedly drinking Four Loko filed suit against Phusion in 2011 fro wrongful death, alleging that the company was negligent in producing a drink that "desensitizes users to the symptoms of intoxication," thus increasing the risk of injury. His death occurred a few weeks before Phusion announced its reformulation.
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Q: Windows 2008 DFS Management We have Windows 2008 domain server in LAN with another Vista 20 workstations.
All workstations are created from image, and they all have c:\Share folder.
How can I add those directories to one DFS shared folder, for example \\ourdomain.com\UserShares\ - so in that "virtual" folder all files from all workstations will be listed.
Thanks

A: No offense intended here, but why would you be storing shared data files on PCs? It seems like you're asking for headaches and having to "pick around" data when diagnosing problems with PCs instead of just blowing the PCs away and reloading them when they have software problems. Data belongs on server computers, with redundant disk and backup mechanisms-- behind locked doors in locked racks and safe from being picked up and carried out of the building / opened up and disk imaged / etc.
Having said that:
Using the DFS management tool, create a standalone DFS root on the server computer. Add the client computers' shared folders as links under the root. That will give you the unified namespace you're looking for.
Edit:
If you're talking about replicating files out to each remote computer then you'd be talking about DFS replication. DFS replication, however, is only available for Windows Server operating systems-- not Vista (the service is there, but Microsoft never wired it up to anything... there was supposed to be a peer-to-peer file replication service but it got axed and never put back in Vista).
On the other hand, if you're just talking about opening the \server\dfs-root\share-for-workstation-1 path and saving a file there then, yes, when you open that path (assuming you've assigned the "share-for-workstation-1" to the shared folder on "workstation 1") and save a file, you'll be writing to the "workstation 1" hard disk drive.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Uncaught DOMException: Failed to execute 'removeChild' on 'Node': The node to be removed is not a child of this node.
I include it in my header, which there might be a better placement for it, but it appears to resolve the issue for me at least. It might affect some CSS logic you could have for any classes which you have directed specifically at FontAwesome elements that are direct children of other classes/ids so you might want to just check to make sure all of your styling looks right, since it's now nesting the <svg> tag within the <i> tag instead of replacing it.
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged reactjs font-awesome or ask your own question.


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What is Giardiasis?
Giardiasis is a protozoal invasion that occurs mainly with lesions of the small intestine and is accompanied in some patients with allergic and neurological symptoms.
Giardiasis is widespread among rats, mice, rabbits, dogs, cats and other animal species. The source of infection for a person is a person who secretes Giardia cysts, and, possibly, some species of animals with which a person often contacts (dogs, cattle, pigs, etc.). The leading role as a source of invasion belongs to man. With feces, mature invasive Giardia cysts are secreted. Cyst excretion with giardiasis is intermittent and undulating, begins at 9-22 days after infection. The number of viable cysts secreted from the faeces can reach 23 million in 1 g, and an average of 1.8 million in 1 g. In experiments on volunteers, it was found that entering from 1 to 10 cyanths into the human digestive tract can lead to the development of invasion. 10 – 30% of people.
The mechanism of transmission of giardiasis is fecal-oral. Transmission factors are water, food, soil, hands contaminated with Giardia cysts; The mechanical carrier of cysts lamblia can be flies.
There is a significant contamination of environmental objects with viable lamblia cysts. IK Padchenko and I. M. Loktev found them in the water of open reservoirs (the Dnieper and Desna rivers) from 4 to 30 cysts in 1 m3, in the water of recreational zones – 2 to 10 cysts in 1 m3; in untreated wastewater – 359 -1091 cysts per 1 l; in wastewater that has undergone complete biological treatment at small-sized sewage treatment plants of the type of compact prefabricated plants before discharge into open water bodies, 10 to 35 cysts per liter; in 1 kg of sewage sludge – 2016 – 3322 cysts. The soil of preschool children's institutions in non-canalized settlements in 11–22% of cases (of the number of samples studied) was seeded with Giardia cysts, in 1 kg it contained from 14 to 112 Giardia cysts. Significant contamination by cysts of lamblia of objects in preschool day-care institutions was revealed. So, in the washings from the door handles of playrooms and toilets Giardia cysts were found in 6% of cases, in washes from children's hands in 3%, in pots from washes – in 2%, in washes from toys – in 0.2%. Indicates the detection of cyan Giardia in the washes from the hands of workers of the catering departments, vegetable farms. Various researchers have identified Giardia cysts in the intestinal contents and on the body surface of household insects (flies and cockroaches).
Trophozoites survive in faeces filled with saline, no more than 1–2 hours. Cysts are significantly resistant. Depending on the ambient temperature, they remain viable in the feces for 2-24 days, in water -15-70 days, in urine – 3-4 days. In the water of natural reservoirs (ponds, rivers, lakes) at a temperature of 2–22 ° C, they survive for 1-3 months, in tap water – from 28 days to 3 months, in wastewater – up to 130 days, in sea water in the south Ukraine – in the summer – 43 – 47 days, in the winter – 62 days. In soil, in natural conditions, depending on its type, degree of insolation and moisture, their viability lasts from 1 to 75 days, in mines in the absence of insolation – up to 4-5 months. Heating to 60 – 70 ° С causes the death of cysts in 5-10 minutes, and when boiling – immediately. On the surface of apples, lamblia cysts survive for 6 hours, on bread – 6 to 12 hours, in cabbage pickle – up to 24 hours, in dairy products at a temperature of 18 – 25 ° C – 12 days, and at 2 – 6 ° C – up to 112 days. On the surface of glass, metal, polymers, parchment at a temperature of 2 – 27 ° C and relative humidity of 40 – 100% of the cysts remain viable from 2 hours to 18 days. On telemuhs, cysts remained viable for 3 hours, and up to 48 hours in the intestinal contents.
In the USA, Great Britain, Sweden, Egypt, and Columbia, water flashes of giardiasis are described, in which the main factor of transmission was drinking water that did not undergo treatment and filtration in sewage treatment plants. Known cases of infection with Giardia through the water of open water bodies, pools. Water flashes can occur when surface water from the soil, animal excreta, and untreated sewage in case of accidents at sewage treatment plants gets into drinking water. During water outbreaks, a large number of people of all ages are infected, 30% of those infected with giardiasis manifestly manifest.
In children's institutions, the dirty hands of children and, possibly, personnel, household objects and household items contaminated with parasite cysts (door handles, pots, toys, etc.) are often the main factor behind the transmission of giardiasis.
In rural areas, the factor of transmission of giardiasis can be the soil fertilized with non-disposed feces and polluted with human and animal excrement.
Food products can serve as a factor in the transfer of giardiasis when contact with the finished products of cysts Giardia from the hands of employees of food enterprises, food processing facilities if they do not comply with the sanitary and hygienic regime; when used unwashed fresh vegetables, fruits, table greens, contaminated feces of a person or animal infested with Giardia; contaminated products with flies and other household insects.
Causes of Giardiasis
The causative agent of giardiasis is the intestinal flagellate protozoan – Lamblia intestinalis (Lambl, 1859; Blanchard, 1888). In the foreign literature, the terms Giardia lamblia, Giardia intestinalis and Giardia duodenalis are used.
In the development cycle of lamblia, the vegetative (trophozoite) and cystic stages are distinguished. The vegetative stage of a pear-shaped form, symmetric, actively mobile, with a size of 10-18×6 – 12 microns, an average size of 9х12 microns. Lamblia has 2 cores and 4 pairs of harness that are organelles of motion. The front end of the body is wide, rounded, the rear (tail) is pointed. There is a suction disk on the ventral surface of the body, with which the Giardia is fixed to the epithelial cells of the intestinal wall. On the midline of the lamblia body, there are two supporting axiol threads, which divide the cell into two symmetrical halves of the same structure. Each of them has one core. The cytoplasm is transparent. The dorsal surface and the tail end of Giardia are covered with a single cytoplasmic membrane. Giardia lacks mitochondria, the Golgi apparatus, and there is an endoplasmic reticulum, where the synthesis of substances takes place in the cell most intensively.
Cysts are oval (size 8-14×7-11 microns, average 12×8 microns). Their cytoplasm contains 2 or 4 nuclei and a folded flagellate apparatus. In liquid or semi-liquid faeces, an intermediate stage in the development of Giardia, a predcist, is sometimes found.
Giardia reproduces in the places of their greatest accumulation by pair division. The division process takes 15-20 minutes, which contributes to the intensive colonization of the intestines by protozoa. In the external environment are excreted in feces mainly in the form of cysts. Trophozoites can be found only in liquid faeces in no more than 5% of persons infested with Giardia.
The place of parasitism lamblia – the upper sections of the small intestine. Giardia is attached to the mucous membrane of the front part of the body, and the back end is free. At one place trophozoites remain fixed for a short time. They are often detached from the villi and reattached to them, but in a different place or in a free state. With intensive invasion can penetrate into the tissue of the villi.
Trophozoites periodically detached from the mucosa are encysted or degenerated. Experimental studies on dogs found that 10-15 days after infection, the main mass of trophozoites is localized in the jejunum and occasionally in the duodenum. In the future, the population of lamblia moves from proximal to the middle or to the middle and distal parts of the small intestine. The formation of cysts (encystation) in the first 10–15 days occurs in the jejunum, rarely in the duodenal ulcer, and later in the middle and distal small intestine. It depends on the size of the population of lamblia, the severity of pathological changes in the place of parasitization and the duration of the invasive process. Cyst shedding with giardiasis is intermittent.
It was also found that the Giardia culture can withstand short-term freezing, without losing the ability to share. At the same time, the water temperature above + 50 ° С causes the instantaneous death of the simplest.
Giardia are the most common human parasites that inhabit the upper sections of the small intestines. Modern data on the morphological and biological features of Giardia indicate their exceptional adaptability to living in this particular area of the gastrointestinal tract.
Giardia inhabit the surface of the epithelium. Bringing individual specimens into the villus stroma, as established by Dehkan-Khodzhayeva (1960), is possible only with intensive colonization of intestinal Giardia. Indicators such as the absence of signs of reproduction of vegetative lamblia inside the villus, abrupt disturbances of their structure and lack of reaction of the surrounding tissue deny the possibility of adaptation of these protozoa to the interstitial parasitism.
Pathogenesis during Giardiosis
Swallowed cysts of L. intestinalis are exported to the initial sections of the small intestine. Giardia adapted to parasitize on the brush border of the microvilli of the small intestines, where intensive processes of enzymatic digestion of nutrients take place and most of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, mineral salts and microelements are absorbed, from where they pump out nutrients using a central pair of strands. The consumption of nutrients by trophozoite, split in the process of abdominal and parietal digestion to monomers, occurs in pinocytic vacuoles. The final products of hydrolysis of proteins, fats and carbohydrates, accumulating in the area of the brush border in the process of parietal digestion, are inaccessible to the intestinal microflora due to the tight fit of the villi to each other. Giardia able to pump nutrients and enzymes directly from the brush border, interfering with the process of membrane digestion. Synthesis and secretion of enzymes (invertase, lactase, amylase, enterase, phosphatase, etc.) are disturbed, pathological fluctuations of their concentration in blood serum are noted. Absorption of fats, carbohydrates, proteins and vitamins, especially fat soluble, decreases, the metabolism of folic acid, riboflavin, thiamine and cyanocobalamin changes, the concentration in serum of ascorbic acid, vitamin A and carotene decreases.
Giardia mechanically block the suction surface of the villi, damage the enterocytes, repeatedly attaching to them and detaching, irritate the nerve endings of the intestinal wall, destroy glycocalyx. On 1 cm2 of the intestinal mucosa may be more than 1 million Giardia.
In the acute course of giardiasis, there is marked swelling of the stroma of the villi, melting of the basement membrane, pathological changes in the villous cover of the crypts, the mitotic division of enterocytes is activated, and areas of destroyed glycocalyx are detected. After 2 or more months after infection, edema, moderate or severe inflammatory reaction, degenerative, atrophic or motor changes are observed in the places of lamblia localization. On the surface of the brush border of the villi, C-shaped grooves are found, the shape and size of which correspond to the shape and size of the suction disk of the trophozoite.
At 10 – 12-day course of the process in the stroma of the villi and the submucosal layer of the mucous membrane an abundant productive infiltrate is found with a high content of histiocytes, plasma cells, and eosinophils. Pathological changes in other parts of the digestive tract are the result of neuro-humoral influence from the place of parasitic lamblia and absorption of the products of their metabolism and decay. Dyskinesia of the biliary tract, reactive pancreatitis, changes in the liver, stomach, and appendix have a reflex origin, aggravated by the addition of a secondary infection.
Mechanical damage to the mucous membrane of the small intestine and the destruction of glycocalyx by Giardia contributes to the inoculation of conditionally pathogenic and pathogenic microflora with the development of dysbacteriosis. The latter is manifested by a variety of microflora species composition and an increase in the number of microbial associations.
Products of metabolism and death of lamblia are absorbed from the intestine, cause sensitization of the human body, which can manifest itself in various forms of allergic reaction. Only in 40-50% of patients with giardiasis an elevated blood eosinophil content is noted.
Parasitism lamblia aggravates the course of concomitant infectious diseases: viral hepatitis, typhoid fever, dysentery, contributes to the appearance of symptoms that are not peculiar to them and to the transition to protracted forms.
Colonization of the mucous membrane of the small intestine by lamblia is accompanied by the development of an immune response (AT, complement, sensitization of immunocompetent cells), with the help of which the parasites can be neutralized and eliminated from the body. A major role in the protection of the host is played by a local immune response, characterized by the formation of specific s-IgA. Anti-lamblia-specific antigens are also found in the sera of invasive people and animals. At present, more than 20 Giardia proteins have been studied and characterized, some of which are Giardia immunodominant antigens. Immunity after suffering giardiasis is loose and unstable.
Despite the active study of the pathogenesis of giardiasis, in scientific publications, the question of the pathogenicity of Giardia is still discussed.
In some cases, the pathogenicity of lamblia is beyond doubt when their detection is supported by a specific clinical picture, which is not supported by other reasons.
The pathogenic role of lamblia in other diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, which are aggravated with concomitant giardiasis, is also proven.
However, cases of lamblia are recorded in the absence of a pathological process, in these cases they are regarded as conditionally pathogenic organisms, the degree of pathogenicity depends on a number of factors, in the presence of which asymptomatic carriage can turn into a disease – giardiasis. The factors determining the possibility of such a transition include, first of all, the presence of comorbidities weakening the carrier's body, reduced immunoreactivity, the composition of the host intestinal parasitosis, vitamin deficiency, dietary patterns, as well as the massiveness of Giardia infection, and perhaps even the simplest virulence . The frequency of manifest giardiasis is 13-43%, subclinical – 49%, asymptomatic – 25-28% of the number infested with Giardia.
At the present stage, it should be concluded: from whatever point of view the question of the pathogenesis of giardiasis or the pathogenicity of giardia is not approached, it is necessary to carry out antimultiplication therapy when they are detected.
Symptoms of Giardiasis
Studying the clinical symptoms and functional status of the digestive system in children of different age groups on the background of Giardia infection, identified 4 main clinical syndromes: dyspeptic, pain, astheno-neurotic and allergic and dermatological. Leading in the clinical picture of the disease were dyspeptic (81.5%) and pain (76.9%) syndromes. Asteno-neurotic reactions in the form of irritability, fatigue, restless sleep, headache and dizziness were detected in 64.8% of patients.
In 31.5% of cases, clinical and laboratory signs of sensitization were detected – an increase in eosinophils in the peripheral blood to 5-7%.
Allergic dermatological syndrome in the form of atopic dermatitis was noted in 15.7% of cases.
Syndromic symptoms were recorded in various clinical forms of giardiasis.
The intestinal form of giardiasis naturally manifests itself in the form of duodenitis, duodenal dyskinesia and enteritis.
Patients complain of spilled pain in the right half of the epigastric region. There are sharp bouts of pain, accompanied by nausea. Frequent are complaints of loss of appetite, belching, heartburn, unstable chair, diarrhea, alternating with constipation.
Constant moderate pain in the navel, most often not associated with food, a feeling of fullness in the stomach, abdominal distension, liquid, sometimes foamy stools, up to 3-5 times a day, steatorrhea are characteristic of enteritis. On examination of the patient – the stomach is moderately swollen, with deep palpation painful in the navel.
In individuals infected with Giardia, hepatobiliary pathology is often detected, most often expressed by symptoms of cholecystitis.
Some authors deny the possibility of parasitism of Giardia in the gallbladder and liver ducts, however, they recognize the possibility of developing hepatobiliary and biliary-pancreatic pathology in case of Giardiasis. Such patients complain of pain in the right hypochondrium, bitter taste in the mouth, bitter eructations, and pain on palpation of the gallbladder. Positive gallbladder symptoms, the results of fractional duodunal sounding indicate dyskinetic disorders of the biliary system with spasms or atony of the sphincteropapillary region in the presence of Giardia.
The results of an ultrasound examination of the abdominal organs in children with giardiasis also indicate the pathology of the biliary-pancreatic system in the form of the hypotonia and hypertonus of the sphincter of the gallbladder, and effects of cholestasis. The principal differences of pathological changes in the digestive system in different age groups of children infected with Giardia are noted. So, in the younger group (age 2-3 years), dyspeptic and allergic dermatological syndromes prevailed, while pain and astheno-neurotic syndromes were extremely rare.
At the age of 4-7 years, dyspeptic syndrome also prevailed, however, in 75% of children pain syndrome was observed, in 50% – reactive changes of the pancreas, in 37.5% of patients the organic pathology of the gastroduodenal zone was formed.
At the age of 8-12 years, similarly to the previous groups, dyspeptic syndrome was leading, in 81.7% of patients pain was more pronounced, in 75% dyskinetic disorders of the biliary system were detected, in 70% of patients functional changes in the pancreas were observed. Organic changes in the gastroduodenal zone prevailed in 98.3%, including 4 patients with erosive and ulcerative defects of the duodenal mucosa.
At the age of 13–15 years, dyspeptic disorders remained (77.8%), however pain was the leading syndrome, i.e., the author determined the weighting of clinical symptoms in older age groups and the formation of organic pathology of the digestive system.
Giardiasis in young people (19 years old – 24 years old) most often occurs with clinical manifestations mainly from the gastrointestinal tract (duodenitis, enteritis, enterocolitis).
Prolonged parasitism of lamblia is accompanied by neurotic symptoms: weakness, fatigue, irritability, tearfulness, headaches, dizziness, pain in the heart, especially in children. In some cases, these symptoms are predominant. Against the background of Giardia infestation, the development of neuroses, which do not have specific clinical features, is possible.
Clinical forms of giardiasis with a predominance of allergic manifestations are described: invincible pruritus, urticaria, skin erythema, bronchial asthma and asthmatic bronchitis, rhinitis, arthralgia, arthritis, conjunctivitis, persistent blepharitis, etc., which passed immediately or after 1 year. metronidazole).
A significant part of invasive giardiasis occurs without any clinical manifestations (carriage) or at the subclinical level, when the patient has no complaints, and the symptoms of the disease can be detected only by instrumental studies (impaired absorption in the small intestine, changes in the content of intestinal enzymes in the blood serum and others). The frequency of manifest giardiasis is 13-43%, subclinical – 49%, asymptomatic – 25-28% of the number infested with Giardia.
Experimental studies on volunteers have shown that with the same doses of cyn Giardia being administered with food, the clinical picture has developed in 60% of people. Diarrhea, abdominal syndrome, flatulence, fever and other symptoms developed 3-10 days after inoculation of cysts, while they were cyclical, appearing and disappearing at different time intervals in different individuals. The number of cysts in the feces of the infested people also varied. The appearance of symptoms of giardiasis could be ahead of the release of cysts by 1-2 weeks. The lamblia infestation could spontaneously disappear after 6 weeks, and could persist for years. At the same time, cyst secretion occurred at 10–20 day intervals.
Diagnosis of Giardiasis
The variety of clinical manifestations of giardiasis and the absence of pathognomonic symptoms require mandatory laboratory confirmation of the diagnosis. The material of ala research are feces and duodenal contents. In the duodenal contents, only lamblia trophozoites are found, only cysts in the decorated feces, and trophozoites and cysts in the liquid and semi-shaped feces.
Clinical indications for laboratory examination to exclude giardiasis are:
the presence of diseases of the digestive tract, their tendency to chronic course with frequent exacerbations;
neurocirculatory dysfunction, especially in combination with the pathology of the digestive tract;
persistent blood eosinophilia;
allergic manifestations;
"travelers' diarrhea".
A classic method of laboratory diagnosis of giardiasis is protozoological research. A microscopic examination of native and Lugol-stained smears from freshly isolated feces is carried out. Considering the cyclical release of cysts and trophozoites with feces, the insignificant periods of life of vegetative forms in the environment, it is necessary to use preservative liquids to preserve the parasite in feces (Safaralieva, Turdyeva, Barrow) and conduct multiple studies (from 2-3 to 6-7 times at intervals 1-2 days), and also use the formalin-ether enrichment method, the floating method. In most cases, Giardia cysts in the feces are detected already at the first examination. Negative periods in the allocation of lamblia can vary from 2-3 days to 2-3 weeks. Therefore, in case of suspected giardiasis, it is also recommended to conduct a protozoological examination of feces within 4-5 weeks with an interval of one week.
In duodenal contents, lamblia trophozoites are detected with greater consistency than in feces. However, when parasitizing lamblia in the middle and distal small intestine, the results of the study of duodenal contents may be negative, so it is necessary to conduct a study of feces. The study of the secret of the duodenum, obtained using a three-channel probe under vacuum, is more effective for detecting the parasite than microscopy of duodenal contents, obtained using conventional probes.
Recently, immunological methods of research are used for laboratory confirmation of giardiasis, based on detection of AH pathogen in feces or specific AT in blood serum. During reproduction of L. intestinalis in the intestine, specific GSA 65 hypertension is produced in large quantities. In feces, it is determined by the method of monoclonal AT. Specific IgM class AT can be detected in the patient's serum by ELISA as early as 10–14 days from the beginning of the invasion, their presence in diagnostic titers indicates an acute giardiasis. The use of PCR for the detection of DNA lamblia in biological substrates is a highly effective diagnostic method, but is mainly used for scientific research.
Giardiosis Treatment
The recognition of the correctness of the diagnosis of giardiasis in all cases of detection of giardia in feces or duodenal contents, both in cases of clinically severe and asymptomatic, determines a positive decision on the specific treatment.
However, in all cases when intestinal disorders or abnormal functions of the liver are observed in the presence of lamblia, for the timely detection of a possible primary and concomitant disease, it is necessary to conduct a thorough clinical and laboratory examination of the patient.
Tinidazool (fazizhin, amethine, tinogin). The course of treatment is 1-2 days. Preparation for treatment is the same as in the treatment with trichopol.
Daily intake: adult 2000 mg (4 tablets of 0.5 g); children – 50-60 mg per 1 kg of body weight. The daily dose is divided into 3-4 single doses and taken during or after meals.
Side effects in the form of nausea, dizziness, ataxia, leukopenia are rare.
Contraindications include: blood disorders, diseases of the central nervous system in the active phase, the first 3 months of pregnancy, lactation. Do not take with increased sensitivity.
Efficiency 70-80%.
Tiberal (ornidazole) is an antimicrobial and antiprotozoal drug.
Effective with trichomoniasis, amebiasis and giardiasis. One tablet contains 500 mg of ornidazole. Possible treatment regimens: one-day, three-day, 5-10-day courses. With a duration of treatment of 1-2-3 days, adults and children weighing more than 35 kg take 3 tablets once in the evening. Children weighing less than 40 mg / kg once a day. With a body weight of more than 60 kg, 4 tablets are prescribed per day (2 tablets each in the morning and evening).
With a 5-10-day course, adults and children weighing more than 35 kg receive 2 tablets per day, one in the morning and evening. For children weighing up to 35 kg, they are prescribed at the rate of 25 mg / kg body weight in a single dose.
Tiberal is always taken after meals.
Side effects are mild and manifest in the form of drowsiness, headache, nausea, in rare cases – disorders of the central nervous system, such as dizziness, tremor, impaired coordination, seizures, etc.
Contraindications – individual intolerance, early pregnancy, lactation period.
Effective – 90-92,5% at a one-day course.
Macmiror "Poliindustria chimica". According to these authors, when a macromyror is prescribed in a daily dose of 30 mg / kg of body weight in 2 doses for 7 days, 96.8% of children are completely cured.
No adverse events were identified. The authors consider this drug on the effectiveness and tolerability of the drug of choice in the treatment of children.
Control parasitological examination is carried out immediately after the end of the course of treatment and after 1 month.
Prevention of Giardiasis
Preventive measures aimed at the source of infection include the identification of persons infected with lamblia among decreed contingents, children and attendants of children's institutions, patients with pathology of the digestive tract and immunodeficiency of various origins. Identified patients and carriers are treated or sanitized.
In order to prevent the introduction and spread of giardiasis in food and similar enterprises, it is recommended that individuals who are registered for work be subjected to a protozoological examination. When the situation of intestinal infections deteriorates at the indicated enterprises, it is advisable to include a protozoological study in the complex of other ongoing clinical diagnostic examinations. Identified patients with giardiasis and healthy cyst-extractors are treated or sanitized.
Measures aimed at breaking the transmission mechanism consist in protecting the environmental objects (water bodies, soil) from contamination with invasive material, providing the settlements with good-quality drinking water and sewage facilities. In preschool, medical and preventive treatment institutions, food enterprises, strict compliance with the sanitary and hygienic regime is obligatory, as with other intestinal infections.
An important place in the prevention of giardiasis is health education. It should be carried out, first of all, in risk groups, which include, besides the listed, persons visiting endemic for parasitic diseases, including giardiasis, territories. The attention of tourists should be paid to the need to use only high-quality thermally processed food and boiled or filtered water. This will reduce the risk of infection not only giardiasis, but other infectious and parasitic diseases.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


As the hair on your head starts to grey, your eyes begin to dim too. The passing of the years not only leads to the wear and tear of the windows to the soul, but also raises one's chances of getting diseases that can close the shutters of those windows - for good.
With the average lifespan of a person rising from 63_years in1960 to 80 years now and the population greying rapidly, morepeople here will face the risk of losing their sight.
For diseases which are age-related, the longer you live, the higher the likelihood of getting them.
The only other major cause of blindness here that does not plaguejust the elderly is severely undercorrected refractive error, which comprises mainly short-sightedness.
The growth in the number of people suffering from refractive errors and diabetic retinopathy is a result of changes in lifestyle here.
In the past, vision loss would probably have been caused more bymalnutrition, such as vitamin A deficiency, and by infectious diseases, such as trachoma, which are still major problems in developing countries.
In developed countries now, we have mostly age-related and lifestyle associated ones. For example, more people areshort-sighted now compared to 30 years ago, as children spend more time reading and less time outdoors.
The incidence of such diseases will continue to rise as the population is ageing rapidly, but it takes time for people to modify their lifestyles to promote good eye health. It may be decades before any change can be seen.
It is not known exactly what proportion of the population here isblind or has low vision, which is defined as the inability to see well enough to drive.
A study on 3,280 Malays aged 40 to 79, completed in 2006, gives an idea of the extent of vision loss and sight-threatening eye diseases here.
The Singapore Malay Eye Study found that 0.3 per cent of the Malay population here are blind in both eyes, and 4.4 per cent have low vision in both eyes.
Of the Malays who were blind in both eyes, 65 per cent suffered from cataracts, while almost 20 percent had undercorrected refractive errors.
Those with AMD made up less than 5 per cent of those who were blind in both eyes. The glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy groups each made up a similar proportion.
The good news is that the top two causes of blindness here - cataract and undercorrected refractive errors - can be treated effectively and hardly anyone with them has to be blind permanently.
Treatment methods for glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy and AMD havealso improved over the years and can help slow or even halt vision loss, especially for those who are diagnosed and treated early.
However, many patients do not seek help early enough because theydo not know about the disease and the fact that it can be treated. Some may fear consulting doctors or are afraid that the treatment will be costly. This results in unnecessary loss of quality of life.
Nevertheless, the fact remains that - You won't have optimal quality of life if you don't have at least driving vision. You'll also be at a greater risk of falls.
As many eye diseases do not have obvious symptoms, the key todetection and prevention is regular screening. Diabetic patients should go for screening every year, while those aged above 40 should have an eye check every two years. Such eye checks can be done by optometrists or doctors.
If the disease is caught early, there is a chance it can be prevented from getting worse. If it is found late, we may not be able to reverse the damage done.
Cataracts are the No. 1 cause of blindness here but, fortunately, the condition can be easily treated and the blindness reversed.
A cataract is formed when the usually clear lens of the eye becomes cloudy. This hinders light from entering the eye and causes vision to become blurred over time. Patients may also seehalos around lights or feel that colours look dull.
About 65 per cent of those blind in both eyes here suffer from cataracts. The condition is often caused by ageing. Morethan a third of people aged 40 and above have cataracts, a 1998 study on 1,152 adults found. This rises to over 90 per cent for those aged 70 and above.
Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays present in sunlight, long-term use of drugs like steroids and some diseases like diabetes raise the risk of developing cataracts.
Young people can also be born with cataracts or can develop them because of eye injuries. To avoid developing cataracts, wearsunglasses with UV protection and lead a healthy lifestyle to prevent diabetes.
The standard treatment is to remove the cloudy lens and replace it with a clear artificial one. The lens can be designed to correct refractive errors like short-sightedness, which isa bonus for patients as they will not need spectacles after surgery.
However, in rare cases where the patient's cataracts are too severe and have damaged the cornea, the condition cannot be treated and the person is left permanently blind.
Undercorrected short-sightedness, long-sightedness, astigmatism and other refractive errors are problems which can be easily fixed.
People with severe short-sightedness can develop complications that can blind them permanently, although this happens very rarely.
To prevent it from developing or worsening, take regular vision breaks - five-minute breaks from reading or writing - and spendmore time outdoors.
Glaucoma causes fluid in the eye to build up, which ratchets up the pressure inside. The high pressure damages the optic nerve which sends signals from the eye to the brain to -enable the person to see. The damage is irreversible and can lead to blindness in severe cases.
The disease comes in several forms. The majority of patients develop a form called primary open angle glaucoma. It progresses slowly and painlessly and destroys peripheral vision before centralvision, so patients often do not notice that their vision is deteriorating.
Another form called acute angle closure glaucoma, which tends to hit older Chinese, occurs suddenly. Pressure in the eye rises rapidly, causing pain and redness in the eye, blurred vision, headache and nausea.
Less than 5 per cent of the population suffer from glaucoma, which is linked to ageing. The risk of getting it is about 3 per cent for those aged 40 and above, but about - 9 per cent for those aged 70 and above.
The risk also rises when there is a family history of glaucoma, extreme short-sightedness or chronic diseases like diabetes and high blood pressure. Eye inflammation, advanced cataracts, tumours, injuries and surgery can cause glaucoma.
Most of the risk factors cannot be prevented. Screening to detect the disease early is important, as treatment can arrest its progression in most cases.
The disease is usually treated with eye drops to lower the pressure. Laser treatment or surgery are used usually at a later stage. However, some patients still end up losing their sightfor good. In a 2003 study on 186 patients in the United States,9 per cent were found to be blind in both eyes after 15 years, despite treatment.
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) causes the macula - thecentre of the retina - to deteriorate.
It can be the dry type - when yellow waste material is deposited on the macula - or the wet type - when abnormal blood vessels grow under the macula, leak and damage it.
Nine in 10 patients have the dry type, which has a 10 per centrisk of becoming wet. The wet type leads to 90 per cent ofAMD blindness. About 5 per cent of the population have this condition.
Of those who are blind in both eyes, 5 per cent have AMD. The risk of getting it rises from 2 per cent at age 40 to 10 per cent at age 70.
Exposure to high-energy visible light from the sun may raise the risk of AMD, so wearing sunglasses will help. Consuming vitamins A, C and E, and zinc and copper, may slow down its progression.Regular laser therapy can seal leaky blood vessels and drugs can be injected regularly into the eye to stop their growth.
Diabetic retinopathy causes abnormal blood vessels, to grow over the retina and optic nerve of a diabetic patient, which then leak and damage the retina and nerve.
It causes blurring of vision and "floaters" - black spots so called as they seem to float. It can cause the retina to detach, damage the retina's centre or develop into glaucoma.
A study in 2006 showed that the condition caused blindness inless than 5 per cent of people who lost their vision in botheyes. This is the most common diabetes-related eye disease,affecting 35 per cent of diabetic patients in the study.
The longer a person has diabetes, the greater the risk ofhaving diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic patients should control their blood sugar and blood pressure levels to avoid it.
Laser therapy is used to bum off the abnormal blood vessels and dead parts of the retina and to prevent further damage to the eye.


text:
Q: How do I represent medication alternatives in FHIR? I would like to know if there is a Resource I could use to represent medication alternatives, such as:
If you are taking Drug A , you should use Drug B or Drug C instead

A: This is not something that FHIR has implemented yet - it's clinical/medical knowledge. The nearest that FHIR currently has is the Clinical Quality Framework: http://hl7-fhir.github.io/cqif/cqif.html
Warning: It's very much a work in progress, and the link above is to the current build, not a stable release


Lucknow: A 45-year-old woman was allegedly forced to drink acid on a train, but her misery did not end there as three women constables of the Uttar Pradesh police then took selfies with the victim, which went viral.
The shocking case also caught the attention of state chief minister Aditya Nath Yogi, who visited her while the police claimed to have arrested the two accused persons identified as Bhondu Singh and Guddu Singh.
A probe was ordered in to the "insensitive" conduct of three lady constables.
According to police officials, the shocking incident came to light when the woman got off the Allahabad-Lucknow Ganga Gomti Express at Charbagh station here and gave a written complaint to the government railway police. She had written it being unable to speak, they said.
As per the complaint, the alleged victim said that two persons forced her to drink acid around 10.30 AM yesterday.
This was allegedly the fourth attack on the woman. Allegedly, in 2012, she was attacked with a knife while in 2013 she was attacked with acid, police sources said.
Two men had allegedly gang-raped and attacked her with acid over a property dispute in her home at Unchahar (Raebareli) in 2009, 100 kilometres from Lucknow, they added.
The woman works with a cafe run by acid attack survivors in Lucknow and had gone home on March 10 as her daughter was taking class 10 examinations, police sources. The victim told the cops that she was returning yesterday when the incident took place.
She was then taken to the King George's Medical University for treatment where three women constables, deployed to protect her, took selfies with the victim in the hospital bed.
The purported photographs, which went viral, show the three constables sitting near the bed of the victim. A Satish Ganesh, IG (Lucknow Zone), termed the three constables "insensitive" and promised "immediate action" against them.
During his visit, Chief Minister announced a Rs 1 lakh assistance for the woman. Women Welfare Minister Rita Bahuguna Joshi also visited the victim and assured all help for her.
A recommendation has also been made by the UP police for the suspension of the Railway Protection Force (RPF) squad that was on duty on the Allahabad-Lucknow Ganga Gomti Express yesterday, onboard which the incident occurred.
The issue of lawlessness and women's security had been taken up by the BJP in a big way during the UP Assembly elections in which it scored a stunning victory.
Another shocking incident of acid attack is learnt to have taken place earlier this week near Mathura.
An 18-year-old girl was seriously injured when three youths whose molestation attempt she resisted, allegedly poured acid on her.


Neighbouring Liberia and Sierra Leone are undergoing post-conflict transitions. And in both countries, national elections are ushering in new administrations. In March, elections will be held in Sierra Leone, and in January, George Weah took over as Liberia's president from Ellen Johnson Sirleaf.
Not only was Johnson Sirleaf Africa's first female president, but she recently received the Ibrahim Prize for Achievement in African Leadership. Expectations that her time in office would deliver inclusive and real empowerment for women in Liberia were understandably high. But in Liberia and Sierra Leone, the reality is quite different.
Both have made the right noises when it comes to empowering women, but Liberia and Sierra Leone feature among the 15 least gender-developed countries in the world, according to the United Nations Development Programme.
The problem is not just a lack of adequate policies and laws, but – as is so often the case – poor implementation and the gap between national priorities and local realities. In both Liberia and Sierra Leone, national government can learn from local initiatives that are showing good results.
In Liberia gender policy and an inheritance law have been adopted, and a Ministry of Gender and Women was established. These initiatives are geared towards providing free education for girls, and ensuring women have access to business opportunities and equal access to land.
In Sierra Leone, the new constitution is more inclusive and addresses issues of equality. In 2007 a gender act was passed. Progress to eliminate barriers to women's empowerment include three main laws: the registration of customary marriage and divorce; devolution of estate; and the domestic violence act.
Both countries have also developed National Action Plans in line with their commitment to United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325, which calls for women to contribute to ensuring long-lasting peace. The plans are meant to provide a framework for empowering women that takes into account domestic needs and challenges. Liberia adopted its National Action Plan in 2009 and Sierra Leone in 2010.
But instead of changing the underlying political, economic and social structures that disempower women, these National Action Plans focus on dealing with sexual and gender based violence. This limits the extent to which real gender equality can be achieved.
In Liberia, where Johnson Sirleaf was president for over 10 years, less than 10% of people participating in politics are women. In Sierra Leone, which has a male president, the figure is just over 12%.
The problem does not only lie only with political participation – women are discriminated against in education: literacy among women in these two countries is among the lowest in the world. Only 37.7% of adult females compared to 58.7% of adult males are educated in Sierra Leone and in Liberia, 32.8% of females compared to 62.4% males are literate.
In Liberia women are actually worse off today than they were in 2003, especially when it comes to employment opportunities and access to justice. And in Sierra Leone, there has been an increase in violence against women since 2002.
So removing legal barriers to women's participation in society and developing new policies and plans have not ended discrimination in Liberia and Sierra Leone. What then needs to be done to empower women in a meaningful way?
The change of administration in both countries is the ideal opportunity to revise and then properly implement policy.
Both Sierra Leone and Liberia are poor countries with slow economic growth. Efforts to grow the economy must include gender-responsive budgeting. This should be done in consultation with civil society organisations to identify context-specific solutions. Indeed, the involvement of organisations working on women's empowerment in national planning processes should be institutionalised.
The Liberian experience shows that having women at the highest level of government does not necessarily change the lives of ordinary women for the better. In this respect, women with existing technical capacity should be identified and trained specifically to take up high-level, decision making roles. A strategy should also be developed and funded for long-term support to build the capacity of women's networks to engage in political dialogue.
The new administrations in both countries need to focus not just on getting the right laws and policies in place, but on implementing new and existing ones. A first step is harnessing the good lessons from their own communities, such as the peace huts in Liberia and the peace preservation projects in Sierra Leone.
Both initiatives engage women actively and have brought lasting peace to their communities. The peace huts allowed women to raise concerns, like the need for better livelihoods, and the peace preservation projects gave women an active role in changing social attitudes, especially about their role in decision making in Sierra Leone.
In both countries, these local projects gave women access to resources like seeds for agriculture or scholarships for young girls. These initiatives strengthened the voice of women which in turn can empower others.
In Liberia and Sierra Leone most women empowerment initiatives happen at local level. Awareness raising activities, community dialogues and media strategies focusing on these achievements can produce visible, practical methods for redress at the national level.
Meaningful change takes place at community level because it is driven by needs and experience. If these successes can be translated into policy and plans for the country as a whole, women's empowerment is bound to become a reality in Sierra Leone and Liberia.


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Tomb raider 2013 game on fileplanet
Nov 11, · This game was released on 5 March for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3 and Xbox , and on 23 January for OS X, and on 27 April for Linux. Tomb Raider Game Free Direct Download Skidrow. After a postponed discharge from late to March , Tomb Raider got much reckoning and buildup.5/5. Download Tomb Raider for FREE on PC – Tomb Raider () is an action adventure game published by Square Enix. One of my person favorite games of all time, this game has a wonderful story to it with over the top graphics! Highly recommended 10/10 if you ask me. Learn how to download and Install Tomb Raider for free in this article and be sure to share with your area907.info Raider. Tomb Raider Survival Edition Free Download PC game setup in direct link. It is adventurous video game with plenty of action scenes. OceanOfGames, Ocean Of Games, OceanGames PC Tomb raider survival edition Overview Tomb raider survival edition is an action game published by square anix. Multi player game with intense events to survive throughout [ ].
Oct 07, · Tomb Raider (C Eng. "Tomb Raider") – a cross-platform computer game in the genre of action adventure third-person role-playing elements, which appeared on the PlayStation 3, Xbox and PC on March 5th , also known as Tomb Raider 9, Tomb Raider: Ascension and the Cryptids. Tomb Raider is an action-adventure video game developed by Crystal Dynamics and published by Square Enix. Tomb Raider is the tenth title in the Tomb Raider franchise, and operates as a reboot that reconstructs the origins of Lara Croft. Tomb Raider was released on 5 March for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3 and Xbox , on 23 January for OS X, on 27 April for Linux, and Developer(s): Crystal Dynamics. Download Tomb Raider for FREE on PC – Tomb Raider () is an action adventure game published by Square Enix. One of my person favorite games of all time, this game has a wonderful story to it with over the top graphics! Highly recommended 10/10 if you ask me. Learn how to download and Install Tomb Raider for free in this article and be sure to share with your area907.info Raider. Tomb Raider: Underworld Demo. For generations, stories have been told of the fearsome weapon of Thor, the Norse god of thunder. Legend holds that Thor's hammer had the power to smash mountains into valleys and to destroy even the gods. Tomb Raider Survival Edition Free Download PC game setup in direct link. It is adventurous video game with plenty of action scenes. OceanOfGames, Ocean Of Games, OceanGames PC Tomb raider survival edition Overview Tomb raider survival edition is an action game published by square anix. Multi player game with intense events to survive throughout [ ]. Tomb Raider I has had a massive influence on later games. Its kick-ass female protagonist, well-rounded storyline, graphics and brilliant puzzles set the bar high, and while it now appears glitchy and somewhat slow, it is still a great game. Lara Croft is an English archaeologist who travels the globe on the trail of a lost artefact. Nov 11, · This game was released on 5 March for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3 and Xbox , and on 23 January for OS X, and on 27 April for Linux. Tomb Raider Game Free Direct Download Skidrow. After a postponed discharge from late to March , Tomb Raider got much reckoning and buildup.5/5.Tomb Raider is an action-adventure video game developed by Crystal Dynamics and published by Square Enix. Tomb Raider is the tenth title in the Tomb. Game download clear Page 5-Tomb Raider Legend PC Demo fileplanet Classics 3 gaming some 26 of Tomb Raider () Demo Download PC - SKiDROW!. The Library section will remain static as all new game additions will instead be in It won several awards. TOMB RAIDER ANGEL OF DARKNESS. game box. Crysis 3's Prophet is The Ultimate Hunter, PC, New York is GameSpy's Game of the Year Awards, We name the Here's hoping these musty mechanics stay six feet under in the Tomb Raider reboot. A rundown on FilePlanet's best offerings from the week that was . The goal of this software is to provide similar tools to games in realtime, as video .. area907.info . with tomb raider i don't have the options for tessellation and a couple more. Game fixes. You cannot upload By Garrett. This fixes the issue with some Tomb Raider games showing a window b - downloads ( views) Added 27 Dec Original file: area907.info -. Tomb Raider (often referred to as: Tomb Raider: A Survivor is Born) is the tenth game in the Tomb Raider series and the first game in Crystal Dynamics second. Sigaram thodu ajith image, vlak detstvi a nadeje music, dxf zeichnungen kostenlos en, photo shoot gallery furniture, fantastic four 2015 online vodlocker, threesixty tak akan bisa firefox
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Q: Why should I use openvpn instead of ssh? I have an ec2 instance running. I connect it via ssh. It looks good for me. Now my team lead asks me to set up an OpenVpn. I wonder why should I do this.
With the ssh command, I can connect to my ec2 instance and transfer the file. ssh is secure.
And creating a openvpn also going to allow me to transfer the file.
So what makes openvpn more powerful than ssh?

A: Basically, it gives you a lot more options.  For example, you can:

*

*You can ping the instance (Admittedly, limited use, if you know you can VPN into it)

*You can connect to whatever services it's running directly.  For instance, it might be running a webserver that's not open to the internet yet, either because you haven't configured it yet, or it's not ready.

*Also, OpenVPN can be configured to be more secure than ssh.  With ssh, an attacker can see that the server exists, but with an HMAC key, you can cause the server to look like nothing is listening on the port.

The simple answer though is that you can use any server, not just ssh.  Ssh is a nice tool, but having other tools can be useful too.
Now, just to be clear, this is why having OpenVPN in ADDITION to ssh is useful.  I don't see any reason why you should stop using ssh.


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Q: What is the difference between synchronized methods and blocks? What is the difference between synchronized methods and synchronized statements?
If possible, please use an example to make it more clear.

A: Quotes from the JLS (including example):
JLS 14.19 The synchronized Statement

A synchronized statement acquires a mutual-exclusion lock on behalf of the executing thread, executes a block, then releases the lock. While the executing thread owns the lock, no other thread may acquire the lock.

JLS 8.4.3.6 synchronized Methods

A synchronized method acquires a monitor before it executes. For a class (static) method, the monitor associated with the Class object for the method's class is used. For an instance method, the monitor associated with this (the object for which the method was invoked) is used.
These are the same locks that can be used by the synchronized statement; thus, the code:
class Test {
    int count;
    synchronized void bump() { count++; }
    static int classCount;
    static synchronized void classBump() {
        classCount++;
    }
}

has exactly the same effect as:
class BumpTest {
    int count;
    void bump() {
        synchronized (this) {
            count++;
        }
    }
    static int classCount;
    static void classBump() {
        try {
            synchronized (Class.forName("BumpTest")) {
                classCount++;
            }
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
                ...
        }
    }
}

So how are they different?
A quotes from Effective Java 2nd Edition, Item 67: Avoid excessive synchronization:

As a rule, you should do as little work as possible inside synchronized regions.

The synchronized modifier for methods, being a syntactic sugar that it is, is applicable in many but not all scenarios. The book goes to discuss in much deeper detail why you should avoid excessive synchronization, but basically by using synchronized statements, you have much greater control over the boundaries of your synchronized regions (and if the scenario requires it, you can also choose your own locks).
Unless your method is very simple and/or you need to acquire the this lock for the entire duration of the method (or the Class object lock if the method is static), you should use synchronized statements to limit the synchronization within the method to only to when you need it (i.e. when you're accessing shared mutable data).

A: A synchronized method is a method whose body is encapsulated automatically in a synchronized block.
Thus, this is equal:
public void foo()
{
    synchronized (this)
    {
        bar();
    }
}

public synchronized void foo()
{
    bar();
}

A: synchronized on method is locked on a this object. It's equals to synchronized (this) {}
Standard synchronized is locked on specified object/monitor. With synchronized (***) {} you can choose an object to use for locking.

A: A synchronized method is one where you have, in effect, placed the entire body of the function in a synchronized block. A synchronized block has the advantage that you can apply the synchronized block to just a few select statements in the function, instead of to the function as a whole. In general, it is best to make synchronized blocks as short as possible, since time spent in synchronized blocks is time that some other thread might be prevented from doing meaningful work. Another distinction is that you can specify a particular object on which to apply the lock when using a synchronized block whereas with a synchronized method, the object, itself is automatically used as the lock on which synchronization is performed.

A: A synchronized method locks the monitor associated with the instance of the class (ie 'this') or the class (if a static method) and prevents others from doing so until the return from the method. A synchronized block can lock any monitor (you tell it which) and can have a scope smaller than that of the encolsing method.
Synchronized blocks are prefered if they don't end up equivalent to the entire scope of the method and/or if they lock something less draconian than the instance (or class if static).


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No. If people on the street are talking about X, the organization should ask: is X something that matters to us, too? Does X belong in our room? And if so, how do we want to address X through the lens of our mission, content, and form?
This is not about chasing the "now." "Now" is the least useful form of relevance. "Now" is not an easy business model to chase–especially for institutions rooted in permanence. "Now" requires major changes to how we work and what we offer. "Now" comes off as disingenuous and irrelevant if done incorrectly. And now is not tomorrow. It is not the long term. It is just now. Endlessly, persistently, expensively, now.
I used to work at The Tech Museum of Innovation in San Jose, CA. Our mandate was to be the museum of Silicon Valley–not of its material history, but of its pulse of innovation. It was impossible. The exhibits we built were immediately dated. Their physicality, long development timelines, and big budgets dragged them down. They didn't dance to the thrilling drumbeat of change at the heart of Silicon Valley. They were immutable objects plunked on the sidelines.
The problem was not one of content but one of form. It wasn't that we didn't have the right stuff or stories to share. We didn't have a process, or form, to share them in the right way.
If you are grappling with relevance, changing the content you present isn't the only solution. In many situations, changing the form—process, hours, pricing, rules, techniques—is more effective. Free Shakespeare in the park makes the precious public. Flipped classrooms send lectures home and recast the classroom as a place for discussion and debate. Libraries that stay open late invite people to learn on their schedules, their terms.
Some institutions completely shift form, dramatically changing the people to whom they are relevant. When Diane Paulus wanted to connect young Boston residents to the American Repertory Theater, she turned one of their stages into a nightclub. She launched a revival of The Donkey Show, a wild retelling of Shakespeare's Midsummer's Night Dream full of salacious disco dancing, audience participation, and lots of glitter. The Donkey Show shifted the theater from a stodgy sit-down experience to a boundary-busting dance party, attracting younger, more diverse audiences to a pioneering form of experimental theater.
Any organization can experiment with new forms to open new doors. Streb Labs is a bustling urban warehouse where dancers practice, learn, and perform in a 24/7, open-access environment. The Laundromat Project presents community art workshops in—you guessed it–laundromats. Monica Montgomery's Museum of Impact presents pop up exhibitions on human rights issues, moving quickly to collect artifacts and produce programs on the issues as they happen, where they happen.
These institutions are not being relevant by presenting cat selfies curated by a hot celebrity. They are making canonical content relevant by updating the form.
Of course, sometimes when you update form, those changes can affect the content. At Streb Labs, the open-access format of the facility makes professional dance company rehearsals public, changing the relationship between dancers, choreographers, and audiences. During open rehearsals, community members stroll through the space, sit down for a spell, take a phone call, walk out the door. Founder Elizabeth Streb and other choreographers can see in real time what made community members tune in and out—and they often adjust the choreography accordingly to maximize audience engagement. At the Jane Addams Hull-House Museum's "Rethinking Soup" lunch series, community members share a weekly meal and discussion about social justice issues. Once the Museum put that weekly lunch on the calendar, they felt committed to filling the bowl regularly with content. Sometimes, that content may be of-the-moment. Other times, grounded in the museum's collection. The weekly format doesn't prescribe contemporary content. But it makes space for it when warranted.
New formats introduce structural changes to the room, whereas new content may only change the room temporarily. Both are important, but they have different functions. Imagine a library with an author speaker series and a desire to connect with local activists. The library could make the speaker series more become more relevant by featuring authors speaking about politics, local issues, or civic engagement. That's changing the content. But if library's format requires booking speakers a year in advance, it's unlikely that those speakers will be able to respond to timely community issues as they arise. If the library presents the speaker series on the same evenings as city council meetings, activists are unlikely to attend. If the library does not make room for dialogue with the audience, activists may not feel engaged.
If, on the other hand, the library shifts the format of the speaker series alongside the content, the modified program may have more relevance. If the speakers can be booked more nimbly to speak to issues of importance, if the timing fits civically-involved residents' schedules, if the audience can get involved—all of those things would likely increase the relevance of the program to local activists. Maybe the content doesn't need to change very much at all.
When an institution hosts a one-off community conversation in response to a national crisis, I often wonder: is this opportunistic? Are they taking up a hot topic briefly, making a quick change in content only? I worry that they will check it off the "relevance" list and forget about it. I wonder if they will do the full work of changing formats to be more relevant in the long-term.
This kind of change is taxing. Changing formats means changing how you work, when your institution is open, how it's funded, and who you employ. Even a small change in format—pricing, hours, check-in process, languages spoken by staff—can require a significant effort.
The effort to change form is worth it when the alternative is constantly plugging in new content into traditional formats in a game of relevance whack-a-mole. It's expensive and tiring to keep producing one-off experiences for different audiences. One play each year for that community. One festival each year for this community. Professionals sometimes ask, "why does that community only come when we do this one program?" The answer is that that program is relevant to them. It's the only door they've got, and it's only functional once a year or once a month or however often you make that content available. When you change the form of what you do, you can build new permanent doors for new people. Doors they can use to access value anytime they want.
Want to know what it looks like when an institution uses changes in form to engage hard-to-reach audiences? That's what the next chapter is all about.


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Chronic Disease Day 2020
Jul 1, 2020 | News and Events
A (VIRTUAL) DAY OF RECOGNITION FOR THE CHRONIC AND RARE DISEASE COMMUNITY
Countless events have been canceled over the past few months due to COVID-19; however, Chronic Disease Day will still take place on July 10 at 12 p.m. ET nationwide, bringing together patient advocacy organizations, nonprofits, communities and government bodies to raise support for those with chronic illnesses. While it will take place virtually, this special day will still recognize and raise awareness for those living with chronic or rare illnesses.
To watch the webinar livestream, visit this link at 12 p.m. ET. There will also be a 30-minute advocacy training livestream featuring our Director of Government Relations Jim Romano at 2 p.m. ET using the same link.
The keynote address will be delivered by Dr. Eliseo J. Perez-Stable, director of the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities.
Additional presentations at the event will include: Rep. Joseph Kennedy; Rep. Van Taylor; Clorinda Walley, president of Good Days; Tony Castaldo, president of the US Hereditary Angioedema Association; Katie Kroner, senior director of advocacy and treatment access at Pulmonary Hypertension Association; Chris Draft, former NFL star and founder of the Chris Draft Family Foundation; and Hannah Olson, founder of Chronically Capable.
The date of July 10 is significant. In the U.S., seven out of the 10 top causes of death stem from chronic diseases and kills more than 1.7 million Americans every year. Additionally, 133 million Americans have at least one chronic disease, and by 2025, it is estimated that 164 million Americans will be affected by chronic diseases. Continuing, chronic conditions account for 81% of hospital admissions and more than 90% of our annual healthcare spending.
While some of these chronic and rare conditions are either inherited or lifelong, many are preventable, such as heart disease. This is why Chronic Disease Day is so vital – to spread awareness and resources for these conditions.
Chronic Disease Day is also important for those with nonpreventable illnesses. Many of these are also considered "invisible illnesses," meaning they are not recognizable with a naked eye. This affects each patient differently. Many times, people have difficulty explaining their diagnosis to others or even being believed. Place all of this on top of the devastating health-related, financial and social effects of these conditions, and it is easy to see why promoting awareness for the chronic illness community is urgent and necessary.
Access to medical care is also a burden for many of those who are chronically ill, as medicine and treatment can be tens of thousands of dollars per year. Organizations such as PSI provide financial relief to those diagnosed with chronic and rare diseases, and it is critical to raise awareness for these resources.
To get involved, feel free to share your story, whether it be on social media or anywhere else. You can also persuade your state to recognize Chronic Disease Day by filling out a simple form.
Be the change. Help spread patient stories, information and resources to assist in lowering the rates of chronic disease, as well as inform the public on the reality of rare diseases. Together, we can support the chronic and rare disease community.


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Connect With Tony
Looking for a Kiss in the Apple Stretching
Posted in All Hopped Up and Ready To Go (book) on March 19, 2010
Thanks as always to Joly MacFie of punkcast.com for coming out to yet another one of my New York City talks and filming it for posterity. At Norwood last week (Norwood club in New York, not the Norwood of my youth in London), I read from Chapters 13 and 14 of All Hopped Up and Ready To Go: the two readings are broken down into separate YouTube videos below. Next Thursday, March 25th, I'll be reading from the book at the British Music Experience in London. It's free admission and it's doubling as the book's British launch. Joly, have you booked your plain ticket?
Visit the All Hopped Up You Tube channel here.
The Mediums of Music March 6th, 2015 by Tony
A video introduction to All Hopped Up and Ready To Go March 6th, 2012 by Tony
Birds of a Feather: The Young Rascals and the Small Faces June 24th, 2011 by Tony
All Hopped Up Music and Maps: Chapter 13 June 2nd, 2011 by Tony
Neither plain nor fancy!
Seige Mentality
Knocked Out!
THE CHILLS: THE TRIUMPH & TRAGEDY OF MARTIN PHILLIPPS
BLACK MUSIC MATTERS
A Light That Never Goes Out (39)
All Hopped Up (and Ready To Go) Radio show (6)
All Hopped Up and Ready To Go (book) (51)
Anglo-American (37)
Beer and bars (28)
Boy About Town: A Memoir (44)
Burning Man 2007 (7)
Catskills (188)
I Witness (38)
Keith Moon/The Who (52)
Music musing (261)
Round The World Travel (4)
Wilson Pickett (18)
Wilson Pickett (biography) (4)
Wine & Dine (129)
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Wait. Trump was given honorary degrees? By who? www.nytimes.com/2021/01/15/opi…
Showed up high on my Friday morning Spotify release radar.... Kudos Chris, always a pleasure to hear new music from… twitter.com/i/web/status/13500…
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