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Differing Site Conditions Claim Rejected Because State Had no Duty to Disclose Superior Knowledge, Plus the Contractor Did Not Document Damages but Attempted to Rely on Total Cost Claim
On a contract for a renovation and asbestos removal in a state office building, the contractor claimed there was a differing site condition making asbestos removal more difficult than anticipated. The Supreme Court of Alaska held that the contractor could have performed its own site investigation to determine the conditions and could not argue that the state had failed to disclose superior knowledge, but that even if a differing site condition could have been proved, the contractor was barred from recovery because it failed to comply with express provisions of the contract requiring it to keep records of all damages. North Pacific Erectors, Inc. v. State of Alaska, 2013 WL 4768380 (Alaska 2013).
The state's bid solicitation notified potential bidders that they were responsible for investigating the project site. By submitting a bid, the contractor represented that it had "visited and carefully examined the site and is satisfied as to the conditions to be encountered in performing the Work." The contractor and its subcontractor didn't visit the job site or participate in the prebid meeting before bidding on the contract.
After the subcontractor began work it made a note in its daily report about "dimple deck surface and describe the cleaning process for 'indentations' and 'protrusions' in the pan deck that 'cost us considerable time.'" Although the workers had to use toothbrushes to clean asbestos from the bumpy surfaces, the daily report did not contain any time estimate for the additional cleaning efforts. The subcontractor notified the prime about the pan deck problem, and the prime transmitted the information to the state, requesting additional compensation. The request was denied and the prime filed a claim under the contract's differing site conditions clause.
Differing Site Conditions
The initial dispute was heard and decided by an administrative hearing officer. He found that the daily report note about the additional work was the only entry made in the daily reports relating to the embossed deck pan and extra work required. But he concluded there was a differing site condition that entitled the contractor to additional compensation even though the sub "did not segregate its labor costs," and its "exert utilized a method of requesting damages [total cost method] which is prohibited by contract." The hearing officer declined to enforce the contract limitations because he found the Department should have disclosed the condition of the deck pan surface to all bidders. The Department's Deputy Commissioner reviewed and rejected the hearing officer decision as being at variance with the law and concluded that the contractor was entitled to no relief. The key reason given by the Deputy Commissioner was that to prevail on a differing site condition claim, the contractor had "the heavy burden" of showing that "it could not have anticipated the condition from site inspection, reasonable investigation, or general experience."
The Deputy Commissioner concluded that "[here], in spite of the State's admonitions, [Contractor] did not conduct a site investigation" and is therefore "charged with the knowledge a reasonable investigation would have revealed." According to the Deputy Commissioner, "a reasonable investigation should have at least entailed a request for photos or other information on the pan deck. The deputy commissioner also point out that [Contractor] could have obtained information from the five previous subcontractors that had performed asbestos removal for the department. The agency concluded that 'reasonable investigation would have revealed the exposed pan deck and its embossing.' Thus, [Contractor's] own failure to reasonably anticipate the condition caused the 'unplanned expense and delay.'"
The Deputy Commissioner also concluded that the contractor failed to demonstrate that the pan deck surface was outside the norm of what could be expected by a contractor. Finally, the Deputy Commissioner concluded the Department's staff experience with pan decks was limited and they had no reason to believe the pan deck surface was unique. Therefore, they lacked superior knowledge that had to be revealed to the contractor. The deputy commissioner found that because the contractor could have acquired the relevant information on the pan deck through an independent investigation, it failed to show that the Department had breached a duty to disclose. This was affirmed on appeal by the state supreme court for the reasons explained below.
The court concluded that the Department did not occupy such "uniquely favored a position with regard to the information at issue that no ordinary bidder in the plaintiff's position could reasonably acquire that information without resort to the State." The test used by the court for imposing on the State a duty to disclose information in its possession was first explained in the decision of Morrison-Knudsen v. State as follows:
"Did the state occupy so uniquely-favored a position with regard to the information at issue that no ordinary bidder in the plaintiff's position could reasonably acquire that information without resort to the State? Where resort to the state is the only reasonable avenue for acquiring the information, the state must disclose it, and may not claim as a defense either the contractor's failure to make an independent request or exculpatory language in the contract documents."
In this case, the court concluded that although the Department had some control over the information concerning the building, it did not have absolute control over the relevant information. The court found that the contractor could have reasonably acquired the information without resorting to the Department, just as other bidders had done. "Accordingly, we hold that the State had no duty to disclose information regarding the pan deck surface."
In addition, the court agreed with the state that the contractor's failure to comply with the contractual records requirement and damages provision bars recovery for the differing site condition claim. The contract expressly required the contractor "to keep an accurate and detailed record which will indicate the actual 'cost of the work' done under the alleged differing site condition" and provided that "failure to keep such a record shall be a bar to any recovery…." The contract also required that for additional compensation claims, the contractor "must immediately begin keeping complete, accurate, and detailed specific daily records concerning every detail of the potential claim including actual costs incurred." The court stated that under the contract "total cost, modified total cost or jury verdict forms of presentation of damage claims are not permissible to show damages." The contract event stated that "labor inefficiencies must be shown to actually have occurred and can be prevent solely based on job records."
Based on all the above, the court concluded, "the parties contracted to require detailed records for differing site condition claims and to establish the actual cost method as the only permissible method to calculate damages" and that "failure to comply with these provisions in the contract bars recovery for the differing site condition claim." In strictly applying the contract requirements against the contractor, the court also explained that the state law was consistent with the contract requirements in that "the preferred method is the actual cost method, 'in which each element of extra expense incurred because of the [alleged breach] is added up for a total claimed amount.'"
In emphasizing the need for actual cost documentation of damages, the court stated, "Courts prefer the actual cost method because it provides the court with a record of discrete additional costs, guaranteeing that the final amount of the adjustment will be equitable and reliable." The court further stated that its conclusion is supported by federal decisions and cited Joseph Pickard's Sons Co. v. United States that, to rely on the jury verdict method, a contractor must show "a justifiable inability to substantiate the amount of his resultant injury by direct and specific proof." Failure to produce records of actual costs was found to be inexcusable and fatally defective in the case of Joseph Pickard's Sons and is likewise found to be fatally defective by the Supreme Court of Alaska in this case.
This case shows the importance of complying with the requirements of the contract (particularly those concerning filing claims and documenting damages. It is also instructive as to the general requirements for proving entitlement to relief for differing site conditions and the significance of contract language that may impose duties upon a bidder to conduct its own independent site investigations before bidding. Finally, the disdain for total cost or jury verdict damage claims is clearly emphasized in this decision. Thus, even in the absence of contract language specifying that detailed documentation be maintained to prove actual damages, it is likely that the court here would have rejected the contractor's claim, because relying on total cost or jury verdict damages instead of producing "records of actual costs was inexcusable and fatally defective."
About the author: Article written by J. Kent Holland, Jr., a construction lawyer located in Tysons Corner, Virginia, with a national practice (formerly with Wickwire Gavin, P.C. and now with Construction Risk Counsel, PLLC) representing design professionals, contractors and project owners. He is founder and president of a consulting firm, ConstructionRisk, LLC, providing consulting services to owners, design professionals, contractors and attorneys on construction projects. He is publisher of ConstructionRisk.com Report and may be reached at Kent@ConstructionRisk.com or by calling 703-623-1932. This article is published in ConstructionRisk.com Report, Vol. 16, No. 1 (Jan 2014).
Copyright 2014, ConstructionRisk, LLC
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With his positive "can do" attitude, Dr. Stanley Lamendola has been a pillar in the 4-H community since he was an eight-year club member in St. James Parish. His extension career spanned 36 years from 1960-1996. His career began in Avoyelles Parish as a 4-H agent. Later he served as area 4-H and community resource development agent, a district agent and as assistant firector for field operations and 4-H youth development. He accepted an international assignment in Malaysia for two and a half years to establish agricultural and youth programs there. Dr. Lamendola served as the first president of the Louisiana Association of Extension 4-H Agents. Under his leadership, the association organized the first annual staff development meeting featuring concurrent sessions presented by agents and leaders. The format was extremely successful and served as a model for other state professional groups. As assistant director, he led an extensive remodeling project of Camp Grant Walker, including the addition of sidewalks, an outdoor speaker system, landscaping, acquisition of 1.5 acres of property and converting the old cafeteria into three educational rooms. He also hired a year-round kitchen staff to expand the use of the camp facility. His wit, humor and knowledge of 4-H made Dr. Lamendola a popular speaker at 4-H events. Dr. Stanley Lamendola held membership in 15 professional organizations and has received numerous distinguished service awards.


text:
The Pink Panther Entertains
Adam Rocke
Adam Rocke is the mixologist behind Shags Around the World in 80 Drinks, Shag Party, and Tiki Drinks. Hes originally from upstate New York and now resides in Scottsdale, Arizona, with his bartending days in L.A. well behind him. Adam is completing his first novel, which he hopes to produce as a feature film. There will, of course, be a part for a bartender.
Shag is the illustrator of Tiki Drinks and other books. Shags work is sold through galleries in the U.S., Japan, Australia, and England. In conjunction with the Pink Panthers 40th Anniversary, MGM commissioned Shag to re-envision the elegant and fun look the Pink Panther. Shag also recently revamped Disneylands Enchanted Tiki Room. When retro hipster artist Shag is not painting, he spends his time collecting lots of old stuff, and working on his 64 Thunderbird. He lives near San Diego, California.
Lisa Skolnik
Lisa Skolnik is a Chicago-based freelance writer whose favorite topics are entertaining, style and food. A regular contributor to the Chicago Tribune and Metropolitan Home, she also writes a monthly column for Lucky magazine.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
<?php

return [
    'name' => 'Dashboard',
    'edit grid' => 'Gitter bearbeiten',
    'reset grid' => 'Rücksetz Gitter',
    'add widget' => 'Widget hinzufügen',
    'add widget to dashboard' => 'Hinzufügen Widget ins Dashboard',
    'reset not needed' => 'Dashboard brauchen keine Zurücksetzen',
    'dashboard reset' => 'Dashboard zurückgesetzt wurde',
];

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
SOAK talks 'Grim Town' and more at Bonnaroo
by Jade
news interviews
Northern Irish singer-songwriter SOAK, aka Bridie Monds-Watson (Ellius Grace)
Bonnaroo 2019: Jade interviews SOAK
SOAK is the professional name of Northern Ireland musician Bridie Monds-Watson. Following her Mercury Award-nominated debut in 2015, SOAK released her second album, Grim Town (Rough Trade), on April 26 of this year.
Now touring in support of the album, SOAK stopped at The Current's broadcast booth at Bonnaroo to talk to Jade about the new album and about the thought-provoking power of scent.
Listen to their conversation above and read a transcript below.
JADE: You've been playing a lot of shows.
SOAK: Yeah, we've been busy. We've been in America for a week and a bit now, and we haven't slept or had any rest. But it's been very fun, so we can't complain.
Do you bring anything with you like a little talisman or a safety blanket when you go on tour that's just a comfort of home?
Not really. It takes up too much space, and we're usually very limited. I like smells that remind me of familiar things, so I'll carry scents. And more importantly my phone. I think just having something to contact people at home is the most important part, so I make sure I always have my phone.
So what's the scent that you have with you on this tour?
I have patchouli.
Why patchouli?
It just reminds me of my mum and my home. It's also in a deodorant I have, so it follows me everywhere, and my girlfriend uses the same one, so I think it's just kind of a recurring thing.
You smell it and you're like, "Something smells like home…"
Yeah! I'm like, "Where are the people I know?" because it smells like them.
There's a weird story where the Beatles, when they were making Abbey Road, they remember it mostly because of the smells … in some interview, they said that. When you were making this album, is there a scent that reminds you of this album that you were working on?
I moved around a lot whilst making the record, so there were many scents. I moved away from home and into my first apartment during the middle of it, [so] the smell of freshly cleaned floor is a strong scent, and also snow, which I think has a smell—
Yeah! I think so, too!
You know when you feel like snow's coming and it's cold and it's kind of like fresh-cold?
Yeah — I actually love that. I'm from Minnesota, so it's like you know that smell.
You know it's coming.
It's almost like a death smell in a way, which I think is a really good transition — weirdly — to your album, Grim Town, your second album. It is a little bit of a pessimistic-sounding album. Are you a pessimist?
I don't know. I think I vary it between being overly positive and enthusiastic and then very dark. But I think I have a good balance. I'm neither.
A realist.
Yeah, I'm just real. I'm realistic.
There's a question I'm asking everybody: Because we're at Bonnaroo — Bonnaroo is a festival that's named after a Dr John song and album — and I was curious if there was a song of yours that you would name a festival after, and what would that festival be and what sort of acts would play it?
Cool! If I couldn't name a festival "Grim Town" — which I would, because I think that's brilliant — I would probably "Get Set Go Kid" festival. I just think that that's a good vision; everybody's going to be nuts at it. Just like a really, I don't know, a festival with a sick lineup: I'd get Sonic Youth to get back together—
Yes! That would be a really tough one to get back together! But—
I mean, I'm going hard, but if I could. Sleater-Kinney, they're back. Snail Mail. Who else? It would be great. Courtney Barnett would play as well, hopefully.
I'm already in the audience. I'm already there!
It sounds pretty good! I want it, now.
I know — we'll make it happen.
And there would be freebies, but like, not freebies that are just trash. Like, legitimate good stuff.
Some good swag.
Yeah, good teas.
What's a song that you've been enjoying playing live on this tour?
There's a song called "Maybe" which really fun because it's like a big guitar song, and I always wanted to write lots of guitar riffs, so I think that's the one.
Interview transcribed by Luke Taylor
SOAK - official site
Hear 'Everybody Loves You,' the new single from SOAK In a new video, SOAK -- aka singer-songwriter Bridie Monds-Watson -- captures the young artist's fantasy of a party she thought she didn't want to join. 'Everybody Wants You' is SOAK's first new material since 2015's critically acclaimed debut album, 'Before We Forgot How To Dream.'
Guitar Collection: Bridie Monds-Watson, aka SOAK, Gibson ES-339 There's something almost magic about the way Bridie Monds-Watson, aka SOAK, discovered the instrument she calls the 'favorite guitar [she's] ever had.' Learn more about SOAK's Gibson ES-339 and the story behind it.
SOAK performs in The Current studio Bridie Monds-Watson -- known by her stage name, SOAK -- didn't consciously set out to be a singer-songwriter. 'I always wanted to play drums,' she says. 'It was just whenever I felt confident on guitar and new enough chords, I started singing along to what I was playing.' Now touring in support of her debut album, 'Before We Forgot How to Dream,' Monds-Watson played an in-studio session at The Current, hosted by Bill DeVille.
SOAK, 'Grim Town' (Rough Trade Records)


Mars and The Massacre (MATM) is an LA-based Psychedelic/Garage Rock band originally hailing from Indianapolis, IN. Formed in early 2013, the group of martians has already gained a strong following in Los Angeles, being known particularly for their entrancing and unpredictable live shows. A mere year after their formation, MATM was selected as LA Weekly's Best Live Band In Los Angeles"
Their debut album, "Basset Case" was recorded at Indianapolis' legendary PopMachine with producer Eric Johnson with mastering by the famed, Andy VanDette. This pyschedelic LP is an album of sick dogs, sleepwalkers, sinners, spelunkers and little green ghouls.


In a recent column in the Financial Post, Kevin Libin points out that taxes are merely legalized theft by the government. If our neighbor stole from us, we would be calling the police, outraged at the injustice and demanding to get our property back. However, when the government takes our property by force—through taxation—and gives it to our neighbor, or to an artist who can't find buyers for his works, or to a company unable to develop competitive products, or uses it to fund any other of its myriad "re-distribution" schemes, we accept that as just and moral.
Those who think that government collecting taxes from those who are productive to give them to those who are not is just, do so because they have accepted the morality of altruism and egalitarianism and believe that statism is the ideal social system.
According to altruism, we should sacrifice our interests to other people, particularly to those who are needier than us; therefore, taxation is moral. According to egalitarianism, reducing or eliminating inequalities of income and wealth is the moral ideal; therefore, taxation is moral. And according to statism, the government knows what's best for its citizens; therefore, it has the right to violate their individual rights to liberty and property, take their money, and spend it whichever way it deems best.
According to these views, "a fair share of taxes" is as much as one can afford to pay—as determined by the government, which considers it "fair" to tax those with higher incomes and wealth relatively more.
However, if we recognize that altruism, egalitarianism, and statism are destructive doctrines that contribute to human misery and poverty (as extreme examples, think of the 'social experiments' of Mao Tse-tung's China and today's Cuba) and if we accept human flourishing as the moral standard instead, we would reject taxation as immoral and avoiding taxes as the moral imperative.
There is only one social requirement of human flourishing: the absence of coercion, including taxation. (It is no wonder the 19th century America—with no or minimal taxes—witnessed so much invention and wealth creation). Humans survive and flourish by thinking: using reason, and by acting on their rational conclusions. If government tells them to obey its orders instead and confiscates their property, the result of their productive efforts, flourishing and prosperity are not possible.
By taxing the wealth creators, governments everywhere incentivize them to shelter their property against heavy taxation instead of investing it in productive purposes and further wealth creation, which would lead to economic flourishing for everyone participating in productive activity: shareholders, employees, suppliers, and other businesses (with which shareholders, employees and suppliers would trade).
By taxing the producers, governments prevent the free markets from working to everyone's benefit (even to those who for reasons of disability or other misfortune are not productive, as abundant wealth creation and the absence of government hand-outs would lead to flourishing private charity and insurance business). Governments' own attempts to make investment decisions (such as in infrastructure or to "diversify the economy") or to reduce poverty by "re-distributing" money from the productive to the non-productive are no match to the free markets in enhancing human flourishing. No matter how well- intentioned the politicians and bureaucrats are, by curtailing the freedom of individuals to make their own choices, they diminish human flourishing.
Avoiding taxes is moral, and using your money to promote your self-interest through production and consumption is a moral imperative—if long-term profitability and happiness are your goals.


text:
Province-owned tree nursery to become private weed farm
By research on December 6, 2018
From Winnipeg Free Press link to article by
Bill Redekop December 5th 2018
The Pineland Forest Nursery near Hadashville that operated as a government-owned tree-growing operation for 65 years is, literally, going to pot.
The nursery will be turned into a cannabis-growing operation, a source told the Free Press.
The province announced last spring it would close Pineland at year's end and issued a request for proposals on May 15.
Two companies known to have made the short list of potential buyers were Shoal Lake 40 First Nation and the SwissReal Group. Coast to Coast Reforestation (C2C Trees) in Alberta, Canada's second-largest producer of tree seedlings, is also believed to have been on the short list.
At least three companies were provided a tour of facilities last summer.
The winning bid is said to have come from Vancouver-based SwissReal Group. It isn't known whether the company will own the entire site or have a lease arrangement because Pineland is on Crown land.
SwissReal is a commercial and residential real estate company. The only thing "high" about SwissReal are the towers it builds on the West Coast. Not having a previous connection to agriculture or the cannabis industry suggests it may be working with another company.
SwissReal toured the Pineland site last week as the new owner. Industry sources say the venture is in the very preliminary stages and the new company will have many hoops to jump through before it is licensed to start production.
The province gave its blessings early on to anyone wishing to convert the nursery into a cannabis operation. Growth, Enterprise and Trade Minister Blaine Pedersen suggested in May, when he announced Pineland would be made private, that the site would be ideal for growing pot.
SwissReal vice-president Jeremy Towning could not be reached for comment. The province would neither confirm nor deny the sale.
"The province will announce a selected proponent once details are confirmed," a spokesperson said in a statement. "Pineland Forest Nursery will continue to operate in its current form until Dec. 31, 2018."
There's a mad rush to get into cannabis production. Companies across the country are buying up existing buildings to start legal grow operations. Licensed cannabis growers can also now start to legally cultivate crops outdoors.
The Pineland site is a massive facility. It has 67 greenhouses, including one huge greenhouse an acre in size, on a seven-acre parcel of land. It also has 300 acres of growing area available for long-term lease.
It features an 8.5-million BTU boiler heated by wood pellets to lower fossil fuel emissions and heat bills, in addition to a natural gas connection.
Culyer Cotton, policy analyst with Shoal Lake Band 40 in northwestern Ontario, said the band was also looking at Pineland for cannabis production. However, Shoal Lake 40 dropped out when it realized it didn't have the money to compete.
"You're up against giant corporations," Cotton said. "The First Nation did its due diligence, did an analysis and just chose not to pursue it."
As well, the buyer will have to shell out money to prepare the site.
"There were going to be significant security issues and some other things that were going to be costly," Cotton said.
Pineland Forest Nursery was originally established to produce seedlings for Manitoba but expanded to supply customers in central Canada and the northern United States, too. About 525,000 seedlings — 10 per cent of Pineland's crop — is for out-of-province contracts this year. Its seedlings are typically used to reforest areas where timber has been harvested.
Pineland is the last government-owned nursery in the country. Others have been sold off, with mixed results. A government-owned nursery in Thunder Bay became private and continues to sell seedlings, while another in Dryden saw all its greenhouses sold off.
Pineland has eight full-time and 18 seasonal workers. Full-time employees have been guaranteed jobs with the province, but that means commuting into the city; Hadashville is located about 100 kilometres east of Winnipeg.
While Pineland is supposed to shut down Dec. 31, there are still tree seedlings in its freezer for shipment from January through March. It has grown a variety of trees but specialized in conifers such as white spruce, black spruce, Norway spruce, jack pine, red pine, eastern white pine and Scots pine.
Pineland Forest Nursery operated in the black for many years, but the province said it is now $4 million in debt with annual deficits of $500,000. The Pallister government blamed the finances on the previous government's mismanagement and the decision to subsidize seedling sales to the Tolko paper mill in The Pas.
The province said Manitoba's needs in the future will be supplied through a tender process with private nurseries.
bill.redekop@freepress.mb.ca
Published in Licensed Producers, Manitoba, News, Reprint and Shoal Lake 40 First Nation
More from Licensed ProducersMore posts in Licensed Producers »
'Our own grey areas:' First Nations navigate hazy cannabis retail jurisdictions
How Diverse is Canada's Legal Cannabis Industry? Examining Race and Gender of its Executives and Directors
OPINION: Who is profiting off of cannabis in Canada? Not those who suffered most under cannabis prohibition
4% of Canadian cannabis licensees Indigenous-affiliated, with systemic barriers 'baked into system'
More from ManitobaMore posts in Manitoba »
Southern chiefs work on tax strategy
Cannabis, Opioids, Crystal Meth: Enhancing a First Nation Context to Health Policy and Models of Care – Feb 11th


text:
rosalind hicks husband
A major police hunt was undertaken, and Christie was questioned by the police. The Tour departed in January 1922 and returned ten months later. It was a whirlwind romance that bore their only child, Rosalind Hicks, who then bore her only grandson, Matthew Prichard.
I enjoyed the evening thoroughly. They had one son, Archibald (born 1930). All 84 novels and 157 short stories remain in print. He spent many of his weekends there while Agatha worked on her novels in their London flat. At the beginning of 1926, Christie and Agatha jointly bought a large house in Sunningdale they called "Styles". Archibald Christie was born in 1889 in Peshawar in The British Raj, now Modern Day Pakistan. Are you sure that you want to delete this photo? A nevem, email címem, és weboldalcímem mentése a böngészőben a következő hozzászólásomhoz. Thomas Bordeleau Dobber,
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She was discovered ten days later at the Swan Hydropathic Hotel (now the Old Swan Hotel)[18] in Harrogate, Yorkshire, registered as Mrs Teresa Neele. List of Agatha Christie's Poirot episodes.
Her career took a turn when she started working with the Trump Organization in 2014. [11] Christie was progressively promoted during the war until he became colonel. Prichard, Matthew & Agatha Christie (17 January 2013).
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In an interview that was published in The Times, Rosalind Hicks made the following comments about her father's second marriage: "Eventually my father married Nancy Neele and they lived happily together until she died. Rosalind was born Rosalind Margaret Clarissa (Christie) Hicks (Clarissa was in honor of her maternal grandmother)Born on August 5, 1919 at Ashfield, her mother's family home at Torquay, United Kingdom. Soon after this, they found a larger flat in Addison Mansions, London. Crispr-cas9 Human Genome Editing: Challenges, Ethical Concerns And Implications,
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Her husband was killed a year later on active service in France, during World War II. [8] He met Agatha Miller when he was invited to a ball on 12 October 1912 by Lady Clifford at her grand home Ugbrooke House in Chudleigh.
Dame Agatha herself died in 1976, aged 85. Why not be the first to send us your thoughts, Also an additional 2 volunteers within fifty miles. She was born in 1899 to middle-class parents in Stockport, Cheshire. Hubert was killed in action in the Second World War, and Rosalind remarried (to Anthony Hicks) in 1949.
[12], Christie left the military and took a job in the Imperial and Foreign Corporation.
It would explain her fondness for sporting hairnets. Allum Bokhari Wiki Bio 2020: Age, Net Worth, Education, Ethnicity, Parents, Birthday, Girlfriend, Salary, Yorgan De Castro Bio Wiki 2020: Wife, Net Worth, Daughter, UFC, MMA Record, Family.
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He was the first husband of mystery writer Dame Agatha Christie.
In 1901, when Christie was eleven, his father died. Rosalind Hicks, who died on October 28 aged 85, fought to protect the reputation and literary legacy of her mother, the crime novelist Dame Agatha Christie, after her death in 1976. Everything is restrained - and in good taste. News, Entertainment, Sports, Reviews, Bio.
Rosalind Margaret Clarissa Hicks (nee Christie; 5 August 1919 – 28 October 2004).Dauchter tae Agatha Christie an her first husband Archibald Christie. All photos appear on this tab and here you can update the sort order of photos on memorials you manage. Rcam Classification, Translate Grundrisse Into English, Previously, she also served as the White House communication director from the year 2017-2018. After she left school, Nancy completed a course at the Triangle Secretarial College in London and obtained a position as a clerk in the Imperial Continental Gas Association. Dame Agatha herself died in 1976, aged 85.
[citation needed], Nancy Neele was ten years younger than Christie. Christie was survived by her only child, Rosalind Hicks (1919–2004), and only grandson, Mathew Prichard. 3 Squadron based at Larkhill. Marsha Ivins Family, After he left school, he passed the entrance exam to the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, and, in 1909, was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Royal Regiment of Artillery. He wanted to be a pilot so he paid for private lessons in the Bristol Flying School at Brooklands and gained his aviators' certificate on 12 July 1912. New Kitchen Gadgets 2019, Efter Christie's deith in 1976, she wirkit tae keep an mak her mither's reputation as a literary figure mair strang, an tae pertect the integrity o her wirks. Christie wanted to live in Sunningdale so, in 1924, they moved to a flat called Scotswood, where they lived for two years. From the latest news, we have come to know that the senior advisor of Donald Trump, was tested positive for Covid-19. Boddingtons Pub Ale Discontinued, Rosalind Margaret Clarissa Hicks (nee Christie; 5 August 1919 – 28 October 2004).Dauchter tae Agatha Christie an her first husband Archibald Christie.
They were married in Scotland in 1930.
For a start - what a lot of pent-up fury there was and this will have been building up for a very long time. Unable to continue flying because of sinus problems, he became a transport officer, also in the Royal Flying Corps.[10].
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People who are nearing the age of 65 should be making plans for the transition from private health care to Medicare. It is not a simple process or one that happens automatically. You have to initiate the enrollment process at a specific time or suffer a monetary penalty. It is important to understand that applying for Social Security benefits and enrolling in Medicare are two totally different things. Don't confuse your eligible age for Social Security with the eligible age for Medicare. For Medicare, it is 65; there are no variations based on your date of birth.
Can I Sign Up Whenever I Want? If you are turning 65 and are not covered under a health insurance plan through your employer or your spouse's, you must enroll in Medicare during an initial enrollment period (IEP) that applies just to you. The period runs for a seven-month span beginning and ending on either side of your 65th birthday. The fourth month of the period is the month in which you turn 65. That is how you establish your window of opportunity. If you passed the age of 65 while covered under a plan through your or your spouse's employment, you have a special enrollment period (SEP). The SEP covers any time before the employment ends, and for eight months thereafter.
A word of caution here: employers with less than 20 workers may require employees turning 65 to enroll in Medicare and have the employer plan serve only as a backup insurer.
What If I Missed The Deadline? If you failed to enroll during your initial or special period, you must enroll in a general enrollment period (GEP) which is in effect from January 1 to March 31 of each year. In such a case, you will be charged a penalty of 10 percent of the premiums for each full 12-month period after the end of your IEP and the beginning of the GEP. The good news for some who enroll during a GEP is that they may not have to pay any premiums for Medicare Part A coverage, so there is no penalty to be assessed. If you have contributed Medicare tax while employed for 40 quarters (10 years), you have enough credit to get Part A coverage for free. Part A covers hospital and skilled nursing facility charges. Part B, which covers doctor's services, outpatient services and medical equipment, always comes with a premium, and an enrollment penalty will be assessed as long as you are in the plan.
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The World Wave Project team is comprised of Dr. Shaw Mead and Ed Atkin in New Zealand and Anthony Marcotti from World Wave Expeditions in the United States. Shaw and Anthony met in 2004 during the Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami where they worked together to coordinate the travel and research to study the impacts of this devastating event along the coast and offshore islands of Sumatra.
Shaw, Ed, and Anthony have a shared interest in the conservation and preservation of the ocean. They seek to unlock a greater understanding of the dynamic mechanics of breaking waves in the ocean and strive to use the knowledge gained from the concept of Wave Engineering to develop a new category of surf exploration around the world based off the research and techniques they discover.
Listed below are some of the relevant resources and research initiatives that we support to lend credibility to our pursuits; all of which are based on a sound scientific research method.
Predicting the Breaking Intensity of Surfing Waves
Dr. Shaw Mead and Kerry Black published this abstract in the Journal of Coastal Research defining the four types of breaking waves and the science and mathematics that have been developed to understand each wave types breaking characteristics. The methods formulated in this abstract form the foundation for the goals defined in our concept for the World Wave Project and will be used to develop the best shape and breaking intensity for optimal surfing conditions.
Link to Abstract (PDF file from the Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 29, 2001)
Multi-Purpose Reefs – A Decade of Applications
Dr. Shaw Mead published this abstract which provides a brief update on the performance of man-made multi-purpose reefs. This article is a great overview of the MPR's that were created, the impact and results each of them produced, and the scientific lessons learned from each one to help make future MPR's more successful. It also provides a solid case for our objective to remove material from existing structures in the ocean thus giving us a greater chance at creating real surfing breaks that will withstand the force and power of the elements.
Link to Abstract (PDF file from eCoast)
Watch: Palm Beach Artificial Reef
This link is of the still under-construction Palm Beach multipurpose reef (MPR), which has a primary purpose of coastal protection through the creation of a wider beach (known as a salient) – Dr. Shaw Mead and Ed Atkin had a part in this design with respect to the surfing amenity review and design. (Already looking pretty good for a wobbly swell.)
Article by Stu Nettle, link courtesy of Swellnet
Narrowneck Reef: Australia
Narrowneck reef on the Gold Coast of Australia was the first Multi-Purpose Reef Shaw and his team designed in the late 1990's. It produced very similar waves to those that are now being seen on the Palm Beach MPR . However, it was one of the early reefs that were constructed of sand-filled containers (20 m long by 5m diameter). Unfortunately, these structural units remain fluid and also fail in the surf zone, meaning that the structure loses its design shape.
There's a little debate about how effective it is at widening the beach in terms of creating a salient – there are volumes of data that show how well it works, the thing it that the salient is around 80m-100m wide, but stretches up to 2 km to the south, so is not a distinct feature that the layman is expecting to see.
https://www.swellnet.com/news/swellnet-analysis/2019/08/19/narrowneck-renewal-deemed-success
Surf Break Research
Dr. Shaw Mead and Ed Atkin in New Zealand are currently involved in a three year scientific research project in New Zealand funded by the Ministry for Business, Innovation and Employment.
"The project entitled, "Remote Sensing, Classification and Management Guidelines for Surf Breaks of National and Regional Significance" began in October 2015. The website provides information and resources concerning research on surf breaks in support of their sustainable management. Here you can find out about where and when research is being undertaken, what methods are being employed, and what data is already available."
"The project is undertaking detailed studies at 7 sites in New Zealand: Aramoana, Lyall Bay, Manu Bay, Piha (South), Wainui Beach (Pines), Whangamata, and Whareakeake."
www.surfbreakresearch.org
Surf adventurer Anthony Marcotti is the epitome of mixing business and pleasure
A brief interview with the World Wave Project's Anthony Marcotti on Magic Seaweed; November 7, 2018.
"Surfers are adventurous by nature and we've covered the vast majority of possibilities already. I think, the real future of surf exploration is developing the technology to create our own waves in the ocean and using the ocean's energy to our benefit. To alter waves that are close to being good into waves that are actually good and to find a harmonious balance between the environment and the science and techniques behind creating those waves; the next 20 years should be interesting."
The Eight Best Manmade Waves (That Ain't Wavepools)
"Wavepools, so hot right now. From Tokyo to Paris, Palm Springs to Yeppoon, they're all anyone can talk about. And for good reason—they're exciting, and novel, and (arguably) kinda chic. But lest we forget, the concept of manmade waves ain't exactly a new one. While the 24/7 surf news cycle would lead you to believe that human-built waves became canon with the drop of Kelly's infamous day-after-Pipe Lemoore clip, the truth is us humans have been making and remaking waves around the globe for decades. From Sandspit to Sebastian Inlet, here's a roundup of the most notable human-influenced waves to be found on earth."
Link to Surfline article
photo@waveslider_photography
South Coast Surf Legend Proposes Plans to Build New Point Break in Bournemouth
Guy Penwarden has put a proposal into the council detailing how a slight tweak of existing sea defences could create a Malibu style point-break a stones throw from Bournemouth! But will it work?
Click here to read this article on Wavelength Magazine's website.
World Wave Project © Copyright 2019


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Association of fat mass and obesity-associated gene variant with lifestyle factors and body fat in Indian Children
Lavanya S Parthasarthy1, Nikhil Phadke2, Shashi Chiplonkar1, Anuradha Khadilkar1, Kavita Khatod3, Veena Ekbote1, Surabhi Shah1, Vaman Khadilkar2
1 Growth and Endocrine Unit, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospital, Jangli Maharaj Road, Pune, Maharashra, India
2 Genepath Dx, Phadke Hospital, 1260, Jangli Maharaj Road, Pune, Maharashra, India
3 Genepath Dx, Phadke Hospital, 1260, Jangli Maharaj Road, Shivajinagar, Pune, Maharashra, India
Anuradha Khadilkar
Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospital, 32 Sassoon Road, Pune - 411 001, Maharashtra
DOI: 10.4103/ijem.IJEM_372_16
Context: Common intronic variants of the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene have been associated with obesity-related traits in humans. Aims: (1) The aim of this study is to study the distribution of FTO gene variants across different body mass index (BMI) categories and (2) to explore the association between FTO gene variants and lifestyle factors in obese and normal weight Indian children. Subjects and Methods: Fifty-six children (26 boys, mean age 10.3 ± 2.2 years) were studied. Height, weight, and waist and hip circumference were measured. Physical activity (questionnaire) and food intake (food frequency questionnaire) were assessed. Body fat percentage (%BF) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. FTO allelic variants at rs9939609 site were detected by SYBR Green Amplification Refractory Mutation System real-time polymerase chain reaction using allele-specific primers. Generalized linear model was used to investigate the simultaneous influence of genetic and lifestyle factors on %BF. Results: Mean height, weight, and BMI of normal and obese children were 130.6 ± 7.1 versus 143.2 ± 15.6, 24.0 ± 5.2 versus 53.1 ± 15.8, and 13.9 ± 2.1 versus 25.3 ± 3.2, respectively. The frequency of AA allele was 57% among obese children and 35% in normal weight children. Children with the AA allele who were obese had least physical activity, whereas children with AT allele and obesity had the highest intake of calories when compared to children who had AT allele and were normal. %BF was positively associated with AA alleles and junk food intake and negatively with healthy food intake and moderate physical activity. Conclusions: Healthy lifestyle with high physical activity and diet low in calories and fat may help in modifying the risk imposed by FTO variants in children.
Keywords: Body mass index, children, diet, fat mass and obesity-associated, Indian, obesity, physical activity
Parthasarthy LS, Phadke N, Chiplonkar S, Khadilkar A, Khatod K, Ekbote V, Shah S, Khadilkar V. Association of fat mass and obesity-associated gene variant with lifestyle factors and body fat in Indian Children. Indian J Endocr Metab 2017;21:297-301
Parthasarthy LS, Phadke N, Chiplonkar S, Khadilkar A, Khatod K, Ekbote V, Shah S, Khadilkar V. Association of fat mass and obesity-associated gene variant with lifestyle factors and body fat in Indian Children. Indian J Endocr Metab [serial online] 2017 [cited 2020 Jan 17];21:297-301. Available from: http://www.ijem.in/text.asp?2017/21/2/297/202036
There has been an unmitigated rise in the prevalence of obesity in children, and it has been one of the most alarming public health issues facing the world today.[1] Among Indian children, various studies report the magnitude of overweight to be from 9% to 27.5% and that of obesity from 1% to 12.9%.[2],[3],[4],[5],[6] There is evidence of a demographic, epidemiological, and nutrition transition in India that is fuelling the epidemic of chronic diseases and obesity.[7]
Obesity is believed to be caused by a complex interplay of genes and environment. Common intronic variants of the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene have been found to be robustly associated with obesity-related traits in humans.[8] Among all the genome-wide association studies to identify obesity-associated loci, FTO variants have been reported to have the strongest influence on obesity and contribute maximally to the variance in body mass index (BMI).[9]
The genetic predisposition for obesity in most individuals has a polygenetic basis. A polygenic variant by itself has a small effect on the phenotype; only in combination with other predisposing factors does a phenotypic effect arise. The extent to which lifestyle factors may modify this genetic risk is, however, unclear.[10] Some studies have suggested that the obesogenic effects of FTO may be accentuated by lower physical activity or blunted by higher physical activity, whereas other studies found no interaction between FTO and activity. Although there are few Indian studies which describe the prevalence of FTO gene, associations with environmental factors have been scarcely studied.
Hence, our objectives were to study (1) the distribution of the FTO gene variants across different BMI categories and (2) the association of FTO gene variants and lifestyle factors in obese and normal weight Indian children.
Subjects and Methods
In a cross-sectional study, obese and normal weight children and adolescents were recruited from private clinics and health checks at the Jehangir Hospital in Pune city, India, on a voluntary basis. All children and parents were the inhabitants of Pune city and surrounding suburbs. A written informed consent was obtained from parents and assent from children prior to the commencement of the study. The research protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Pune, India. A pediatrician performed a clinical examination and children with endocrine disorders other than nutritional obesity were excluded from the study. Fifty-six children with the mean age 10.3 ± 2.2 years (26 boys) meeting the selection criteria were enrolled in the study.
Anthropometry
Standing height was measured to the nearest millimeter using a portable stadiometer (Leicester Height Meter, Child Growth Foundation, UK), and weight was measured using an electronic scale to the nearest 100 g. BMI was calculated by the formula weight/height in meter square. Height, weight, and BMI were converted to Z scores using contemporary Indian references.[11]
Waist circumference was measured in standing position using a stretch resistant tape; the tape also provided a constant 100 g of tension through the use of a special indicator buckle. The tape was applied horizontally just above the uppermost lateral border of the right ilium. The measurement was made at the end of normal expiration and was recorded to the nearest 0.1 cm. Hip circumference was measured at the widest portion of the buttocks.[12]
Diet and physical activity
A 24 h recall and validated food frequency questionnaire were used to record diet for all children.[13] Physical activity was assessed by QAPACE school children questionnaire [14] which was adapted for Indian children and adolescents' lifestyle.
Body composition for all children was assessed using Lunar DPX-PRO total body pencil beam densitometer (GE Healthcare, Wisconsin, USA) using a medium mode scan (software encore 2005 version 9.30.044). The precision of repeat measurements in children with DPX Pro is reported to be 2.0% for fat mass (GE, Lunar).[15] %BF, android fat, gynoid fat, and total lean mass were calculated for all children.
Genetics (allelic discrimination real-time polymerase chain reaction)
FTO allelic variants were detected by SYBR Green Amplification Refractory Mutation System real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using allele-specific primers. Primers for the rs9939609 site polymorphisms (T/A) were designed using Primer Express v2 (Applied Biosystems, USA). The common forward primer has a sequence "AATTATTATTCTAGGTTCCTTGCGACTGCTG," while the allele-specific reverse primers are "TTAGAGTAACAGAGACTATCCAAGTGCATCATA" for the "T" allele and "TTAGAGTAACAGAGACTATCC AAGTGCATCATT" for the "A" allele. An additional mismatch (C > T) was introduced at the second last base at the 3' end of the allele-specific primers to increase primer stringency. Two parallel reactions were carried out with each of the allele-specific primers with the final volume of 10 µl each containing 200 nM of forward and reverse primers (Custom Synthesis Integrated DNA Technologies, IA, USA), 0.1 µM dNTPs and 0.1 µM dUTP to minimize carryover contamination (both Epicenter, WI, USA), 2.5 mM MgCl2(Invitrogen, CA, USA), 0.5U Taq polymerase, 1X PCR buffer (both Bangalore GeNei, India), and Uracil-N-glycosylase (UNG) 0.1 U (Invitrogen, CA, USA). RT-PCR was carried out in a Rotor-Gene 3000 (Corbett/Qiagen, Australia). PCR cycling conditions were as follows: UNG incubation at 37°C for 10 min, UNG inactivation and target denaturation: 94°C for 10 min followed by 38 cycles of denaturation at 95°C for 10 s, annealing at 65°C for 20 s with fluorescence acquisition on the FAM/SYBR channel, and extension at 72°C for 10 s. Melt curve data were collected by continuously monitoring fluorescence over a temperature ramp of 60°C–95°C at a rate of 0.5°C/ramp step. The melting peak was determined using a second derivative plot of the temperature fluorescence data. A melting peak of 72°C was noted as a specific signature for the amplicons and was used to determine specific amplification in each reaction. Samples that amplified only with the "T" primer were counted as "TT homozygotes," those that amplified with the "A" primer were counted as "AA homozygotes," while those that amplified equally with the "T" and "A" primers were counted as "AT heterozygotes."
All statistical analyses were carried out using the SPSS for Windows software program, version 12 (SPSS Inc, SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). All outcome variables were tested for normality before performing any statistical analysis. Differences in mean were tested using Student's t-test. A P < 0.05 was considered significant. One-way ANOVA was used to assess the difference between the categories made according to the gene variants and BMI combined. The factors which influenced FTO allele and BMI categories in combination were analyzed using multinomial regression. Generalized linear model was used to study the association of FTO gene variant and lifestyle factors with %BF.
Children were divided into obese and normal weight categories according to BMI cutoffs for their respective age-gender groups.[16] The mean age of normal weight children (n = 18) was 9.7 ± 1.4 year and of obese children (n = 27) was 10.8 ± 2.6 year. There was a significant difference in the height, weight, and BMI between the two groups (130.6 ± 7.1 vs. 143.2 ± 15.6 cm, 24.0 ± 5.2 vs. 53.1 ± 15.8 kg and 13.9 ± 2.1 vs. 25.3 ± 3.2). In addition, waist and the hip circumferences measured were significantly higher in obese children (P < 0.01) [Table 1]. The %BF was more than double in obese children as compared to normal weight children (17.2 ± 7.5% vs. 41.4 ± 8.2). There was a significant difference in the physical activity performed by children in both the categories. Obese children were engaged in moderate physical activity only for 37 ± 30 min per day, whereas normal weight children played for 72 ± 37 min per day (P < 0.05). The diet recorded in both the groups showed that there were no significant differences in the total calories consumed by both the groups, but the diet of obese children was rich in fats and proteins (P < 0.05). The mean calorie intake of normal children was 1201 ± 432 Kcal, whereas that of obese children was 1540 ± 550 Kcal. The mean fat intake in diet of normal children was 37 ± 15 g and in obese children's diet was 60 ± 25 (P < 0.05) [Table 2]. The distribution of the FTO gene allele has been described in [Figure 1]. The risk homozygous AA allele was found to be 62% in the obese group, while 38% in the normal children. While TT allele was distributed as 66% in obese children and 34% in normal, and the heterozygous AT was 56% in obese children and 44% in normal children.
Table 1: Anthropometry of the study population
Table 2: Diet and physical activity
Figure 1: Distribution of fat mass and obesity-associated alleles among children
Further, when children with the A allele (AA and AT) were divided into four subgroups-AA and obese, AA and normal, AT and obese, and AT and normal, it was observed that the group AA and obese were the least active as measured by moderate activity per day and children who had the AT allele and were obese consumed significantly higher calories as compared to children with AT allele and normal weight (P < 0.05) [Table 3].
Table 3: Classification of children according to fat mass and obesity allele and body mass index categories combined
The association of total %BF with A alleles and diet was performed using generalized linear model. The analysis showed a significant positive association of total %BF with A alleles (β =0.144, P < 0.05) and high-calorie foods (β =0.004, P < 0.05) and negative association with healthy food intake (β =2212–0.012, P < 0.05) and physical activity (β = −0.059, P < 0.05).
Our results indicate that there was a strong association between the A allele and lifestyle factors. The impact of the FTO gene seems to be altered strongly by diet and physical activity. The diet of obese children in our study was significantly higher in fat and proteins. Further, physical activity was significantly lower among them. Our data are in keeping with the findings of Sonestedt et al.[17] and Kilpeläinen et al.[18] who have also suggested that high-fat diets and low physical activity levels may accentuate the susceptibility to obesity by the FTO variant, and lifestyle modifications may be an effective way of controlling body weight in individuals with a genetic predisposition toward obesity, supporting the fact that genetic influences are modifiable. The distribution of the risk allele (AA) was 35% among normal weight children and 57% among obese children. When children with only the A allele (AT and AA) were categorized according to their BMI, it was again noted that obese children consumed significantly higher calories and had lower physical activity. This indicates that although the normal weight children were also at risk of obesity, following a healthier lifestyle had helped in reducing the risk of obesity in them.
There is a continuous debate on whether lifestyle factors can modify the genetic risk of obesity. Some studies have shown the impact of lifestyle factors modifying the risk,[8],[18],[19],[20],[21],[22] whereas other studies have not seen the same effect.[10],[23] A diet low in calories combined with high physical activity has shown to be helpful in modifying the genetic risk in several studies.[17],[18] Our study is in line with these studies where a significant impact of physical activity and diet on modifying the risk has been observed.
Reports indicate that there is an increased risk of obesity in a person with the risk allele who has a lower physical activity and higher intake of calories.[13] A similar trend was seen among our study population as well. These findings are highly suggestive of a role of lifestyle in modifying the association between FTO variants and obesity. Despite the fact that lifestyle has undergone a considerable change in India, Indian studies evaluating the effect of lifestyle factors on the FTO gene variants are very scarce.
When groups were made according to BMI and the gene variants, it was found that children who had the risk allele AA and were obese had the least physical activity and those children who had AT allele and were obese consumed significantly higher calories, further reinforcing the fact that the lifestyle factors also had a role to play. The other two groups also carried the risk allele A but had a healthier lifestyle. Similar results have also been reported by others [8] who also observed that with lifestyle modifications, the risk imposed by a gene can be modified.
To further study the impact of lifestyle factors, we studied the association of total %BF with the A allele. There was a positive association seen between both. The total %BF was also negatively associated with the physical activity and positively associated with junk food intake.
The distribution of the gene variants shows that the protective allele TT is also seen largely among the obese children. This could be due to the small sample size and more number of obese children in the study. A bigger sample size is needed to observe the effect of the variation of the alleles. Studies conducted in Indian children earlier have reported the risk of higher BMI in children with the AA allele, but our study is unique in that it looks at the association of lifestyle factors with the gene which has not been done before. In view of the rising epidemic of obesity and the nutrition transition in India, studying the factors which can modify the risk imposed by the gene is important so that strategies to combat obesity can be devised. The sudden shift toward obesity does tell us that there are environmental factors involved rather than only genes. FTO gene variants and their relationship with obesity clearly require further well-designed, long-term studies with larger sample sizes with taking into account the possible impact of epigenetics; further other metabolic parameters also need to be measured to confirm the results of this study.
To summarize, our findings are highly suggestive for a role of healthy lifestyle in modifying the association between FTO variants and obesity in Indian children.
Our sincere thanks to Novo Nordisk India Pvt Ltd., for funding this project. The authors also acknowledge funding from the University Grants Commission, Government of India, to the first author.
The study was supported and funded by Novo Nordisk India Pvt Ltd., and University Grants Commission, Government of India, to the first author.
Weiss R, Caprio S. The metabolic consequences of childhood obesity. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005;19:405-19.
Kapil U, Singh P, Pathak P, Dwivedi SN, Bhasin S. Prevalence of obesity amongst affluent adolescent school children in Delhi. Indian Pediatr 2002;39:449-52.
Sidhu S, Kaur N, Kaur R. Overweight and obesity in affluent school children. Ann Hum Biol 2006;33:255-9.
Chhatwal J, Verma M, Riar SK. Obesity among pre-adolescent and adolescents of a developing country (India). Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2004;13:231-5.
Sharma A, Sharma K, Mathur KP. Growth pattern and prevalence of obesity in affluent schoolchildren of Delhi. Public Health Nutr 2007;10:485-91.
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Shetty PS. Nutrition transition in India. Public Health Nutr 2002;5:175-82.
Vimaleswaran KS, Li S, Zhao JH, Luan J, Bingham SA, Khaw KT, et al. Physical activity attenuates the body mass index-increasing influence of genetic variation in the FTO gene. Am J Clin Nutr 2009;90:425-8.
Ruiz JR, Labayen I, Ortega FB, Legry V, Moreno LA, Dallongeville J, et al. Attenuation of the effect of the FTO rs9939609 polymorphism on total and central body fat by physical activity in adolescents: The HELENA study. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2010;164:328-33.
Hinney A, Vogel CI, Hebebrand J. From monogenic to polygenic obesity: Recent advances. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2010;19:297-310.
Khadilkar VV, Khadilkar AV, Cole TJ, Sayyad MG. Crosssectional growth curves for height, weight and body mass index for affluent Indian children, 2007. Indian Pediatr 2009;46:477-89.
Waist Circumference and Waist-Hip Ratio: Report of a WHO Expert Consultation. Geneva; 2008. p. 8-11.
Chiplonkar SA, Agte VV, Mengale SS, Tarwadi KV. Are lifestyle factors good predictors of retinol and vitamin C deficiency in apparently healthy adults? Eur J Clin Nutr 2002;56:96-104.
Barbosa N, Sanchez CE, Vera JA, Perez W, Thalabard JC, Rieu M. A physical activity questionnaire: Reproducibility and validity. J Sports Sci Med 2007;6:505-18.
Kiebzak GM, Leamy LJ, Pierson LM, Nord RH, Zhang ZY. Measurement precision of body composition variables using the lunar DPX-L densitometer. J Clin Densitom 2000;3:35-41.
Khadilkar VV, Khadilkar AV, Borade AB, Chiplonkar SA. Body mass index cut-offs for screening for childhood overweight and obesity in Indian children. Indian Pediatr 2012;49:29-34.
Sonestedt E, Roos C, Gullberg B, Ericson U, Wirfält E, Orho-Melander M. Fat and carbohydrate intake modify the association between genetic variation in the FTO genotype and obesity. Am J Clin Nutr 2009;90:1418-25.
Kilpeläinen TO, Qi L, Brage S, Sharp SJ, Sonestedt E, Demerath E, et al. Physical activity attenuates the influence of FTO variants on obesity risk: A meta-analysis of 218,166 adults and 19,268 children. PLoS Med 2011;8:e1001116.
Liu G, Zhu H, Lagou V, Gutin B, Stallmann-Jorgensen IS, Treiber FA, et al. FTO variant rs9939609 is associated with body mass index and waist circumference, but not with energy intake or physical activity in European- and African-American youth. BMC Med Genet 2010;11:57.
Richardson AS, North KE, Graff M, Young KM, Mohlke KL, Lange LA, et al. Moderate to vigorous physical activity interactions with genetic variants and body mass index in a large US ethnically diverse cohort. Pediatr Obes 2014;9:e35-46.
Ahmad T, Lee IM, Paré G, Chasman DI, Rose L, Ridker PM, et al. Lifestyle interaction with fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) genotype and risk of obesity in apparently healthy U.S. women. Diabetes Care 2011;34:675-80.
Lappalainen TJ, Tolppanen AM, Kolehmainen M, Schwab U, Lindström J, Tuomilehto J, et al. The common variant in the FTO gene did not modify the effect of lifestyle changes on body weight: The Finnish diabetes prevention study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2009;17:832-6.
Rampersaud E, Mitchell BD, Pollin TI, Fu M, Shen H, O'Connell JR, et al. Physical activity and the association of common FTO gene variants with body mass index and obesity. Arch Intern Med 2008;168:1791-7.
Parthasarthy LS
Phadke N
Chiplonkar S
Khadilkar A
Khatod K
Ekbote V
Shah S
Khadilkar V
fat mass and obesity-associated
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Online since 10 December, 2010


With Tom Brady gimping around the West Village last week, people have been talking a lot about his backups, Matt Gutierrez and Matt Cassel. This got me thinking about the other guys who earned Super Bowl rings by holding clipboards and mastering sign language. So I pissed away a few hours putting together this quiz for mental_floss.
If you remember Joe Namath's understudy, here's a chance to finally put that knowledge to good use.


Locations - The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim Wiki Guide - IGN. Oct 26, 2016 · Locations - The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim: With vigorous and thorough exploration, your Skyrim world map can become dotted with over 100 locations all around the world.
The Elder Scrolls Online. ... Where do I mine iron ... I was gonna say when I went to a blacksmith I didn't see them selling any ore like they usually did in Skyrim.
The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim Find the best mods for your game Finding and installing your favorite mods is easier than ever before. ... Faster Mining. by YarbroughB.
Sneak is a skill in The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim and is one of the six skills that fall under the Thief adventuring style. ... Oct 12, 2016 · Edit Mining Locations.
Skyrim:Mining. The UESPWiki – Your source for The Elder Scrolls since 1995 < Skyrim: Activities. ... However, veins are found in many other locations in Skyrim.
Mining is an action in The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim and The Elder Scrolls Online performed on ore veins using a pickaxe. Ore veins produce their respective ores and possibly a precious gem.
Nov 02, 2016 · Map Locations - The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim: With vigorous and thorough exploration, your Skyrim world map can become dotted with over 100 locations all around the world.
For The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim on the Xbox 360, a GameFAQs message board topic titled "Locations of all Ores for mining list here.".
Locations. Quests. Gameplay Tweaks. ... The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim: Mods. Game Version Sort by ... A new mining skill.
Here you can find the locations of ore veins throughout the land, separated by type of ore. Listed alphabetically.
Embershard Mine is one of the first bandit encampments and Iron Ore Vein locations players can find upon beginning a new game within The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim.
For The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim on the PlayStation 3, a GameFAQs message board topic titled "Locations of all Ores for mining list here.".
Skyrim Ore Locations List. Here is a list of most of the ores that can be mined in Skyrim along with their locations. ... Elder-Scrolls-V-Skyrim.