text:
\section{Introduction}

Recent studies show that human evaluation of machine translation (MT) output quality is the gold standard of translation quality evaluation, since no automated metrics can achieve equally significant results \cite{google2021human_evaluation_TQA,han-etal-2020-multimwe,han-etal-2021-TQA}.
However, existing advanced methods of human quality evaluations, although well developed, such as Multidimensional Quality Metrics (MQM) \cite{MQM2014}, have the following drawbacks: 1)
they are very time- and effort-consuming;
2) they are making it difficult to address the specific needs of MT post-editing, where target quality in many cases is expected to be of what TAUS has coined as ``good enough'' quality, which is substandard by the premium quality metrics, because they are designed to evaluate a near-premium quality material; 3) they track too many linguistic details that are unnecessary for MT output quality evaluation; 4) do not track MT-specific error types.

For large-scale deployment of MT, a more appropriate quality metric is required which:
a) allows for faster learning curve for evaluators to be applied correctly;
b) is faster to apply;
c) is specifically designed to address less than perfect MT output of ``good enough quality'';
d) does not track so many unnecessary linguistic details as standard MQM metrics, designed as a tool to measure near-premium quality of human translations.

Devised with these needs and prerequisites in mind, this paper introduces a task-oriented and human-centric evaluation framework named HOPE using professional post-editing annotations for more effective MT evaluation correlating with human judgment \footnote{HOPE has an alternative name: LOGIPEM (LOgrus Global Inverted Post-Editing Metrics) \textit{ref.} \url{https://logrusglobal.com/}}.

The pilot experiments contain two tasks.
Task-I is carried out using
English$\rightarrow$Russian (EN$\rightarrow$RU)
language pair in marketing domain with 111 sentence segments, using two MT engines, Google Translator and a customised MT engine.
Task-II uses a survey document from business domain containing 3,339 words on the same translation direction but using an alternative NMT engine DeepL.
The error types designed as important for post-editing and MT improvement include proper name, impact, required adaptation, terminology, grammar, accuracy, style, and proofreading error. We will explain these error types below in the methodology section.
To reflect the severity level of each error, we use a scoring model with geometric progression of error penalty point weights.
Error annotation and scoring can be done either without post-editing itself, or during post-editing towards a newly generated post-edited reference translation.
Overall, the HOPE evaluation framework provides a human-centric translation quality evaluation of MT output and post-editing. It is designed specifically to address the specifics of MT output, such as
``good enough quality'' evaluation tasks, and fully reflect professional post-editing efforts and human perception of translation quality.

The rest of the paper is organized as follows: Section \ref{sec_related} introduces related work, Section \ref{sec_proposed} presents our proposed human-centric HOPE framework, Section \ref{sec_experiment} carries out our task-oriented experiments, and Section \ref{sec_conclude} finishes the paper with conclusion and future work.

\begin{comment}
This paper explains design of LOgrus Global Inverted Post-Editing Metrics (LOGIPEM) devised with these needs and prerequisites in mind.
...
This post-editing metrics provides a method of human evaluation task of quality evaluation of MT output and post-editing. It is designed specifically to address specifics of MT output and post-editing efforts.
...
we introduce our given tasks, then the motivated metrics.
\end{comment}

\section{Related Work}
\label{sec_related}
In this section, we introduce some related work on post-editing, human assessment methods, task-oriented evaluation, and MT evaluation on English-Russian language pair.

As one of the earliest work on editing distance, \cite{SuWenShin1992} introduced the word error rate (WER) metric into MT evaluation, by calculating the minimum number of editing steps to transform MT output to a reference text. This metric, inspired by Levenshtein Distance (or edit distance), takes word order into account, and the operations include insertion (adding word), deletion (dropping word) and replacement (or substitution, replacing one word with another), the minimum number of editing steps needed to match two sequences.

\begin{eqnarray}
\text{WER}=\frac{\text{substitution+insertion+deletion}}{\text{reference}_{\text{length}}}.
\end{eqnarray}

\begin{comment}
\end{comment}

One of the weak points of the WER metric is the fact that word ordering is not treated in an effective way.
The WER scores are very low when the \textit{word order} of system output translation is ``wrong'' according to the reference text. In the Levenshtein distance, the mismatches in word order require the deletion and re-insertion of the misplaced words. However, due to the diversity of language expressions, some so-called ``wrong'' order sentences by WER prove to be \textit{good} translations. To address this problem, the position-independent word error rate (PER) introduced later by \cite{TillmannVogelNeyZubiagaSawaf1997} is designed to ignore word order when matching output and reference. Without taking account of the word order, PER counts the number of times that identical words appear in both sentences. Depending on whether the translated sentence is longer or shorter than the reference translation, the rest of the words are either insertions or deletions.
\begin{small}
\begin{equation}
\text{PER}
=\\
1-\frac{\text{correct}-\max(0,\text{output}_{\text{length}}-\text{reference}_{\text{length}})}{\text{reference}_{\text{length}}}.
\end{equation}
\end{small}
\begin{comment}
\end{comment}

Another way to overcome the excessive penalty on word order in the Levenshtein distance is adding a novel editing step that allows the movement of word sequences from one part of the output to another. This is an editing behavior a human post-editor would do with the cut-and-paste function of a word processor. In this light, \cite{Olive-2005-TER,SnoverDorrSchwartzMicciulla2006} designed the translation edit rate (TER) metric that adds block movement (jumping action) as an editing step. The shift option is performed on a contiguous sequence of words within the output sentence.
The TER score is calculated as:

\begin{equation}
\text{TER}=\frac{\#\text{of edit}}{\#\text{of average reference words}}
\end{equation}

\begin{comment}
\end{comment}
For the edits, the cost of the block movement, any number of continuous words and any distance, is equal to that of the single word operation, such as insertion, deletion and substitution.

TER does not generate a \textit{new reference}.
 Another metric based on TER is called HTER (human targeted TER), which calculates the minimum of edits to a \textit{new targeted reference} (post-edited translation) \cite{SnoverDorrSchwartzMicciulla2006}.

There are some evaluation frameworks and platforms that are carried out based on post-editing, such as
\newcite{aziz-etal-2012-pet}, who introduced a tool named PET for post-editing and assessing MT. The aim of PET tool was to facilitate the post-editing of MT output to reach good-enough or publishable quality, and collect post-editing time and ``detailed keystroke statistics''.
However, PET does not give a clear MT system quality comparisons, or their error types and their severity level suggestions.

Regarding human evaluation methods and frameworks, MQM is one of the open-sourced project maintained by group of seasoned experts and professionals \cite{MQM2014}, initially funded by the European Commission. It has also been adopted by some official MT evaluation shared task challenges such as WMT2021. However, even a subset of the full MQM such as TAUS DQF is too large in size to be adapted to certain practical task oriented evaluations.

Post-editing and translation error categorization using professional translators have been carried out by researchers in assessing neural MT (NMT) outputs in recent studies \cite{bentivogli-etal-2016-neural,Castilho_etal_2017_comparative,EsperanaRodier2019TimeIE,mutal-etal-2019-differences}. For instance,
\newcite{bentivogli-etal-2016-neural} argued that on a case study of translation quality on English-to-German language pair using the data from IWSLP2015, LSTM based NMT with attention model produces translation output that improves word order in placement of verbs with a large winning margin in comparison to traditional phrase-based statistical MT (PBSMT) model. NMT also produced less morphology and lexical errors than PBSMT in certain degrees. However, as they discussed, NMT still struggles in the aspects of handling long sentences, as well as the correct reordering of ``particular linguistic constituents'' that needs a deep semantic understanding. However, this mainly focused on three error categories, i.e. morphology, lexical, and word-order. In our method HOPE, we will extend the translation error types into eight commonly occurring ones.

Regarding automatic evaluation of English-Russian (en-ru) MT outputs, the WMT metrics tasks showed that hLEPOR and cushLEPOR achieved cluster-1 performance, on EN$\rightarrow$RU MT evaluation in news domain in WMT2013 and WMT2021 metrics shared tasks \cite{han2013language,han2021cushlepor,cushLEPOR21MTsummit}. However, there is still an apparent potential to improve the metric's performance at segment level correlation towards professional human judgments.

Overall, these related work present disadvantages such as MQM is too complex and contains many linguistic detail, TER does not correlate well to professional human judgments, HTER based on TER is very abstract in reflecting the translation errors such as how exactly the frequency of ``insertion, deletion, substitution'' indicates the level of translation quality, and how does such frequency apply to task-oriented assessment, such as for ``good enough'' situation and post-editing effort?
These related work also have short severity scale and normalize error penalty points to closed ranges 0 - 1 or 0 - 100, which make it difficult for human evaluation to present a transparent and tailored analysis of MT output quality.

\section{Proposed Models}
\label{sec_proposed}
\subsection{Model Design}
In designing HOPE we have started from the following premises:

a) We need much fewer error categories than what even the MQM/DQF provides, since in real life scenarios there is seldom time, financial or human resources to dwell deeply into linguistic peculiarities, and in fact users often do not care about subtleties that linguists deem important.

b) At the same time, the HOPE error types should address typical problems of MT output, such as \textit{inadequate} source and the fact that MT output is always \textit{literal}, and in many cases post-editors must spot and correct such things, since they often lead to mistranslations.

c) It is also important that HOPE is scalable by design to cover a wide range of error severities, ranging from very minor errors for near-premium quality to complete garbage, which would be absolutely rejected by traditional metrics, but for MT metrics we need to distinguish the whole range of quality levels
some of which are usually unacceptable by conventional metrics designed for premium translations.

d) Ideally, HOPE should allow to measure the MT output and post-editing quality of varying quality in both single output stream and between different streams of text.

\subsection{Model Components/Factors}
The HOPE specification is based on four pillars:
1) Only the 8 most important error types for the purpose, without error sub-types,
2) New MT-specific error types, 3) Geometric progression of severity levels,
and 4) Inverted error score for the translation unit.

The following error types are defined: Impact (\textbf{IMP}), Required Adaptation Missing (\textbf{RAM}), Terminology (\textbf{TRM}), Ungrammatical (\textbf{UGR}), Mistranslation (\textbf{MIS}), Style (\textbf{STL}), Proofreading error (\textbf{PRF}), and Proper Name (\textbf{PRN}),  as shown in Figure \ref{fig.HOPE.error_type} with their definitions. Mistranslation is a sub-category of \textit{accuracy} that is defined in MQM typology list \footnote{\textit{ref.} \url{https://themqm.info/typology/} Mistranslation under the terminology of Accuracy.}.

\begin{figure*}[!h]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=0.99]{figs/HOPE_errors_figure_v2-cropped.pdf}
\caption{Error Types in the HOPE Metric.}
\label{fig.HOPE.error_type}
\end{center}
\end{figure*}

One of the error types, RAM, identifies cases where the source contains an error that has to be corrected, or the target market requires adaptation; both cases go above and beyond the source, which entails an assessment only humans can do.

Another not quite standard error type is ``Impact'', which is used for inappropriate literal translation impairing the intended impact on the target audience.

Errors of each type can have the following severity differences: (minor, medium, major, severe, critical) with the corresponding values (1, 2, 4, 8, 16).

Error points for each Translation Unit (TU) are added to form the Error Point Penalty (EPP) of the TU (EPPTU) under-study.

\begin{eqnarray}
\text{EPPTU}=\sum_i Error_{i}\times Severity(i)
\end{eqnarray}

\noindent where $Severity(i)$ is the severity level of $Error_i$.  Each TU has its own EPPTU not depending on other TUs.
Importantly, repeated errors in different TUs are not counted as one error, because MT outputs experience stochastic behavior and errors are not made consistently. One and the same error may repeat itself, but more often is mixed with other instances of a similar error.
The system-level score of HOPE is calculated by the sum of overall segment-level EPPTUs:

\begin{eqnarray}
\text{HOPE}=\sum_{TU_j} EPPTU_j = \sum_{i,j} Error_{i}\times Severity(i)
\end{eqnarray}

\subsection{Deploying HOPE}

When doing Translation Quality Evaluation (TQE) with HOPE the evaluator goes from TU to TU and reads the MT output (or post-edited text) comparing it with the source and starts from the most visible error, providing error type code and severity, then goes to the second most visible error, documenting it as well, and in certain rare cases – the third, even if two or three error classifications are usually enough to assess the quality of the translation proposal or post-editing.

The evaluator simply categorizes errors into one of the eight error types and does not spend time on a more detailed classification of minor errors.

\subsubsection{Segment/Sentence-Level HOPE}
We apply this metric into a sentence level (or segment-level) error severity classification, i.e. (\textbf{minor} vs \textbf{major}) with the EPPTU score (\textit{1-4} vs \textit{5+}).
The benefit of such design is that it immediately allows to distill sentences with only minor errors, with EPPTUs 1, 2, 3 and 4, and sentences with major errors (EPPTUs  5 and more). This feature of the metrics allows to see instantly after the annotation how many sentences have only minor errors \textit{vs} those that are no need to edit, and those that contain major errors of any kind.

Since the severity scale is a geometric progression, the sentences with significant errors have much higher EPPTU and are easily distinguishable from TUs with EPPTU 1-4.

One can say that EPPTU 1-4 is precisely what is often meant by ``good enough quality'' of MT, where budget, time or frequency of visiting the content does not provide for premium quality translation and lower quality is just fine.

The distinction between "unchanged", "good enough" units and "must be fixed" units can serve a corpus (or system) level measure of the MT engine, and can be used to compare engines.

Also, "must be fixed" errors are automatically a recommendation for MT engineers to improve the engine; if a majority of "must be fixed" errors are fixed, the system level quality of the engine will improve significantly.

A high proportion of "must be fixed" errors are also an indication that ``MT + PE'' (MT plus post-editing)  might not be the most efficient process for the source at hand and the MT engine concerned.

\subsubsection{Word-Level HOPE}
In addition to the segment-level HOPE deployment, we also design a word level HOPE evaluation in its application.
The word level HOPE follows the segment-level indicators including ``unchanged'', ``good enough'', and ``must be fixed''. However, the statistics will be reflected at word level, e.g. how many words of the whole document/text belong to each of them three categories.
Both segment/sentence-level and word-level HOPE indicators can be used to reflect the overall MT quality in translating the overall material/document. However, they can tell different aspects of the MT systems, e.g. when there are many sentences falling into very different length (short \textit{vs} long sentences).

We leave the selection of either segment-level or word-level HOPE to exact situation that HOPE is deployed. It is always suggested to carry out both these two levels HOPE evaluation.
In our experiments, we will demonstrate both.

\section{Experiments}
In the first experiment, we demonstrate the application of HOPE evaluation framework at segment-level.
\label{sec_experiment}
\subsection{Task-I Definition}
In this experimental investigation, we are given an MT evaluation task to assess and compare the MT output quality in specific domain from two different MT engines, one is a custom-trained engine and another is stock Google Translate engine. The task is to compare the quality of two engines in a particular domain. We score the EEP value for each MT engine, the ratio of sentences that have no-change, minor, or major error by severity, and the ratio of Mistranslation errors.

\begin{comment}
...

 sampling for TQE with PED \cite{gladkoff2021measuring_TQE}, according to this work, our testing file size is good enough.? @@SG: Almost :), we have 111 sentences in relatyvely long sentences, about 2244 words.

...
\end{comment}

\subsection{Task-I Setup and Instructions}

We are taking for post-editing a collection (file) of 111 strings (sentences) of technical marketing text in CAD/CAM (Computer Aided Design and Computer Aided Manufacturing) domain machine-translated from English to Russian with two different engines, and also a human premium reference translation. Since it is a \textit{marketing} text, it has to be fluent with sufficient impact on the audience, and the specialized technical nature of the product requires high accuracy of translation and adherence to industry sector terminology.

Post-editing (PE) is not a review of human translation, but a close reading against a source text and the target produced by a machine. It requires training and practice to be efficient and identify a range of different MT mistakes. The overarching aim of PE is to improve the leverage time of a translation project, while maintaining the same quality output.

It must be said that since MT is unable to detect errors in the source and simply relays the source into the target, and especially because modern NMT preserves fluency even at the cost of accuracy for out of domain content, post-editing of modern NMT output is more mentally intense work than revision or review of human translations.

The issue of target quality is important. There are often two opposite PE ''modes'', such as over-editing vs under-editing.

The more the translators develops post-editing skills, the faster they are able to see if a segment is under-edited or over-edited. If a sentence is under-edited, it means it does not comply with customer specifications, e.g., it is not accurate, not clear or contains a glaring error.

Some clients, like in this case, do not want to lower their quality bar. The task definition in this exercise suggests that the quality bar is NOT lowered; in other words, quality standards are the same as with traditional human-only translation process.

If the required quality is the same premium quality as with human translation, then we should not confuse post-editing translator with a "do not over-edit" instruction, which we explain below. The most advanced clients even go as far as to encourage translators to over-edit, setting a goal to achieve performance improvement without quality compromises.
Contrary to widespread misconception, translators and editors in both translation and editing are not inclined to edit more than necessary. Translators and editors want to do their job fast and be done with it, and they only edit when they feel that something is not right. When doing post-editing of MT, it is actually important to try to "over-edit", because "do not over-edit" instruction prevents translators (post-editors) from looking into MT errors to identify and fix them correctly.
Under-editing consequences are severe, namely the quality of translation memories may quickly and significantly degrade.
Some organization which are doing extensive implementation of MT have the internal guidelines to even instruct translators to intentionally over edit, for the reasons mentioned above, and to maintain the high quality of translation memories going forward, and the quality of translations not to deteriorate, yet preserve the ability of deployment to capture all productivity improvements.

\begin{comment}

7 files: en-2-ru (subtitles/dialog/news/UI/DOCU/TRAIN/Anonymous) \\
3 files: ru-2-en (dialog, news, Anonymous)
\end{comment}

\subsection{Challenges from the Evaluation Task}
There are some challenges and difficulties in post-editing that we observed not only during this task-oriented post-editing and quality assessment procedure, but in other similar experiments.  We list some below. We expect that such challenges may occur in common situations in research and in practice. The description of these challenges may inspire some ideas for further improvements in practice.

1). Lack of context: Sometimes post-edited content may even have a bunch of sentences together, but the general context is missing. For example, the post-editor may have no clue what a particular proper name means, or which module and subsystem the strings are coming from.
In some cases, lack of context does not quite allow to understand the meaning of source sentences.
The context of a sentence is important, because it takes time to get into the context before you actually do the translation. And if the collection of sentences comes from different documents and have different context, this really slows down the work.
Translators work in context much faster, because if you translate separate out of context strings you need to make additional efforts to understand the context of every other string.
Often, it's hard to choose a correct term without seeing the wider context.

2). Lack of good legacy data for the translator: If translators are not given a translation memory (TM) to look up a corpus of previous translations, human translators are at disadvantage compared to both MT engine (that has been shown entire training corpus) and traditional workflows where they have access to concordance search in Translation Memory of previously done human translations. Without access to TM it is not possible to look up previous translations, and because of this it's very hard to determine whether the proposal is clumsy but valid legacy translation and therefore may need to be left unchanged, or just some sort of unfortunate "hallucination" of the MT engine, and therefore needs to be edited.
We recommend that in real life post-editing jobs TM access is provided to translators, to ease and speed up the decision-making as to whether a translation clumsy to the point of being barely understood has to be corrected or not.
In a hurry, leaving all such translations unchanged will degrade translation quality considerably.
We would even say that it is not "fair" to human translators (and neither productive, nor beneficial for quality of the end result) to ask them to post-edit MT output trained with huge TM, without access to this TM.
If the TM is available, the work of the post-editor becomes much easier.
We always use our single source cloud based Memose TM tool, where translators can look up previous translations, and recommend making similar tools available for post-editors and reviewers.
Working without access to accumulated knowledge is not the most efficient way, takes additional time (in some cases additional terminological research) and makes the job more difficult.
In many cases such research takes more time. It's like translation before computer aided translation (CAT) tools were invented, --- productivity really suffers.

3). Quality of the source: The source text often is malformed, and even contains factual errors, while the work of the human translator is to verify the intended meaning, fix errors in the source and make adaptations. If errors in the source are not fixed, they inevitably make their way into the final translation.
Many malformations of the source require correction. In such cases MT output is marked as "stylistic error" because you can't say it that way in the target language, even though translation is not "inaccurate".

4). Quality of proposals (MT outputs): MT proposals are literal by design, and often obscure the source meaning completely.

It also makes it more difficult to find good translations, especially if "do not over-edit" instructions have been given. Such instructions do not really make sense, because this is not a translation of a poem. Translators do not want to edit for the sake of editing, they edit because they need to see how well the intended meaning is transferred, and edit for the better meaning transfer, not because they want to express themselves.
Proposals often use similar terms, especially if they have homonyms, without any consistency whatsoever, which is yet another complicating factor.
Also, it is more difficult to come up with a good translation, if you are editing a mediocre or mistranslated proposal. Sometimes, it prevents you from even seeing that the proposal is, actually, a mistranslation.

5). Quality Specifications:
The quality requirements, expectations and the amount of editing greatly depends on the customer specifications, which have to be clearly defined.
The customer has to clarify clearly whether he wants to get premium translation, or is fine with ''good enough'' quality. The instruction "do not over-edit" is not compatible with premium quality requirement. In our HOPE
metric "good enough translation" is a proposal with less than 5 penalty points. However, if you look at such sentences "en masse", the text will look significantly clumsier. In many cases customers say that they are okay with ''good enough translation'', but are dissatisfied at the end of the day, when such translation is delivered. Therefore, thorough discussion on translation grades and requirements is needed, especially for large projects or highly visible content.

Mistranslations pose significant difficulties hiding behind literal translations which look grammatical but do not make sense, if you try to understand the meaning (ref. multilinugal idiom translation examples from \citelanguageresource{Mapelli2019elra} and \cite{han-etal-2020-alphamwe}).
In this class of problematic sentences all the words at a (superficial) glance seem to be right because MT uses all the words that are used in the training corpus, but in reality the meaning of the source is not making its way into the translation, and terms may be mixed and used incorrectly. Homonyms pose significant problem for NMT.
This often happens when the source language "assumes" something and is jargonish, and not quite precise.
In fact, sentences that belong to these two cases above take more time to fix than sentences with evident errors, because the post-editor takes time to understand whether fixing is needed, rather than simply quickly correct the proposal.
For such situations, the instruction "do not over-edit" slows down post-editing.
Very often translation proposals that look fluent are incorrect, and "do not over-edit" instruction will prevent rectifying such situations.
We strongly believe that instruction should not be "do not over-edit", because ``you must strive to do well, you don't need to make an effort to do things badly, and they will come out without any effort''.

\subsection{Results and Analyses from Task-I}
On average, in such experiments we spend 4 hours on post-editing/annotation work per 100 strings. This does not include a second pass of review/error categories recheck, which we always recommend just to make sure that evaluation is done correctly, and to further improve the Inter-Rater Reliability (IRR). In some cases additional time is required to research the facts that are distorted in the source (not to let through incorrect information).

HOPE evaluation tasks can be done with or without final human reference translation, but in all cases the evaluator classifies errors according to the proposed HOPE
quality metrics, and assigns penalty points according to error severity scale.
The statistical results of evaluation are summarized in the Figure \ref{fig.HOPE.results_10files}, and obtained quality profiles of System1 and Google Translate on this content are shown on \ref{fig.HOPE.results_best_worst}.

As can be easily seen from comparing quality profiles of System1 and Google Translate, System1 does pretty good job on this CAD/CAM content, even though it was not trained specifically on this content, but stock Google Translate performs slightly better. This fully reflects the judgment of the evaluator, who shared the
overall experience as "Google is slightly better, but not much".

The numbers and diagrams reflect correctly the MT engine quality perceived by the evaluator.

This validates the
effectiveness, efficiency, and transparency of our proposed HOPE evaluation framework.

\begin{figure*}[!h]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=1\textwidth]{figs/stats.jpg}
\caption{Task-I: Results of MT engine comparison task of System1 and Google Translate.}
\label{fig.HOPE.results_10files}
\end{center}
\end{figure*}

\begin{figure*}[!h]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=1\textwidth]{figs/twoprofiles.jpg}
\caption{Task-I: Comparison of System1 and Google Translate HOPE Quality Profiles.}
\label{fig.HOPE.results_best_worst}
\end{center}
\end{figure*}

\subsection{Task-II: Word-Level HOPE}
Here we briefly introduce the experiment we carried out using word-level HOPE evaluation indicators.
In this task, we used a survey document from business domain containing 3,339 words, where there are many sentences fall into varying length, e.g. very short. For the MT task, we used one of the popular NMT engine DeepL to carry out English-to-Russian translation.

The evaluation comparison using segment-level vs word-level count via HOPE is shown in  Figure \ref{fig.HOPE.seg_vs_word_count} and \ref{fig.HOPE.seg_vs_word_count_pie}.

\begin{figure*}[!h]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth]{figs/initial_data_word_seg_HOPE}
\caption{Quality Indicators via Segment vs Word Level HOPE: number counts and percentage.}
\label{fig.HOPE.seg_vs_word_count}
\end{center}
\end{figure*}

\begin{figure*}[!h]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.7\textwidth]{figs/seg_word_TQE_HOPE-cropped.pdf}
\caption{Quality Indicators via Segment vs Word Level HOPE: percentage.}
\label{fig.HOPE.seg_vs_word_count_pie}
\end{center}
\end{figure*}

\section{Discussion and Conclusion}
\label{sec_conclude}

Overall, the proposed metric HOPE is much faster and simpler to apply than any standard MQM-based metric, including Dynamic Quality Framework (DQF) launched by TAUS \footnote{\url{https://www.taus.net/think-tank/news/press-release} \textit{ref}. 2012/06 ``TAUS LAUNCHES DYNAMIC QUALITY EVALUATION FRAMEWORK''}
, yet it can be seen as an MQM implementation tailored specifically for evaluating MT output. For evaluation of MT output it is just as accurate and even more informative than standard MQM, such as DQF, and it provides additional immediate and valuable insights about the post-editing effort; it is much more adapted to the specific purpose of assessing MT and post-editing; and it is much more precise and specific than holistic rubric scores.
HOPE allows to see breakdown of the estimated post-editing effort by its complexity from both segment-level and word-level.

In its current form, HOPE allows to correctly and clearly quantify the "feeling" that professional post-editing
translators have about the text, and provides factual numerical data instead of opinions like "in general this MT output is good, but there are certain things to be fixed", etc. It also allows to compare engines and their performance on various domains and content types in a fast, reliable and very clear, concise and transparent, quantifiable way.

Finally, according to the confidence estimation research on translation quality evaluation by \cite{gladkoff2021measuring_TQE}, our current sample size for MT quality assessment especially Task-II (3,000+ segments) is large enough to support the confident conclusion drawn from the results.
Regarding Task-I, it would be more accurate if we extend the sample size a bit more, e.g. double the current sample size, even though this does not affect the demonstration of the effectiveness of the evaluation framework and methodology. We leave this into our future work, as well as doing more experiments on different systems, language pairs, domains and content types.

\begin{comment}
Finally, according to the confidence estimation research on translation quality evaluation by \cite{gladkoff2021measuring_TQE}, our current sample size for MT quality assessment in Task-I (100+ segments)
makes appropriate ground for proper estimation. However, it would be more accurate and reliable if we extend the sample size a bit more in this task, e.g. double the current sample size, even though this does not affect the demonstration of the effectiveness of the evaluation framework and methodology. We leave this into our future work, as well as doing more experiments on different systems, language pairs, domains and content types.
\end{comment}
\begin{comment}
We have applied this metric to real world document and different MT engines and proved all these assumptions to be true.

We therefore recommend applying HOPE metrics for evaluating the quality of MT output and post-editing.

\end{comment}

\section*{Acknowledgment}
We thank Renat Bikmatov for participation and the valuable feedback on the paper.
The ADAPT Centre for Digital Content Technology is funded under the Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Research Centres Programme (Grant 13/RC/2106) and is co-funded under the European Regional Development Fund.

\section{Bibliographical References}\label{reference}

\bibliographystyle{lrec2022-bib}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


At its September 21, 2016 meeting, The Greater Kanawha Valley Foundation (TGKVF) Board of Trustees approved the distribution of eighteen grants (18) totaling $864,570. Of that total, $614,570 will be disbursed over a one-year period and $250,000 will be disbursed over a five-year period.
Read more in the Foundation's Fall 2016 newsletter here.


text:
Mania Main Thoughts, wrestlemania, wwe
Mania Main Thoughts #11 – WM33 Whose Yard Is It Anyway?
Like a phoenix from the ashes, Mania Main Thoughts has risen, just as we all find ourselves on the road to Wrestlemania 34! We'll continue to look back at the Mania Main Events (in a random order) until that glorious day we call April 8th – aka Wrestlemania Sunday!
If you don't remember last year around this time, we started a retrospective of every Wrestlemania main event in the 33 year history of the show. It was a lofty goal, and we only made it through ten matches. This year, we'll adjust our expectations.
We're kicking things back off with a big look back at last year's Wrestlemania 33 main event, but first, you know I got some links for you. Here's every Mania Main Thoughts column up to this point!
Mania Main Thoughts #1 – WM2000 Fatal Fourway
Mania Main Thoughts #2 – WM25th HHH vs RKO In A Fit Of Rage
Mania Main Thoughts #3 – WMVIII Hulkamania's Last Stand
Mania Main Thoughts #4 – WMXXIV Edge Takes On The Streak
Mania Main Thoughts #5 – WMXI LT vs Bam Bam
Mania Main Thoughts #6 – WMXIX Brock Lesnar Almost Dies
Mania Main Thoughts #7 – WMVII Hulkamania Is Still Fighting The War
Mania Main Thoughts #8 – WMX7 Austin Sells His Soul
Mania Main Thoughts #9 – WMXX Triple Threat Match
Mania Main Thoughts #10 – WMIV The WWF Title Gets A Case Of March Madness
Now let's get to it.
(aka Wrestlemania: Orlando) / (aka The Ultimate Thrill-Ride)
Wrestlemania 33 was an interesting bag, and if you're reading this, you probably lived through it.
The big story in WWE going from 2016 into 2017 was the return of the legendary Goldberg. Goldberg, of course, was the biggest star in post-nWo WCW. After WCW folded to the WWF, Goldberg sat out his sizable guaranteed contract. He made his WWE debut in 2003, and even though he held the World Heavyweight Title and main evented several PPV's, the run was short and ended somewhat acrimoniously, and Bill Goldberg all but disappeared from the wrestling world.
So it was a bit of a surprise when Goldberg made his return to Raw to challenge the man who defeated him in his final WWE match – Brock Lesnar. The two hooked up at Survivor Series 2016 and Goldberg shockingly defeated The Beast Incarnate in a 90-second match. Goldberg would go on to enter the Royal Rumble, where he and Lesnar butted heads again. Goldberg dumped Brock from the Rumble, but was in turn eliminated by another recently-returned legend, The Undertaker.
Goldberg would go on to win the Universal Title at the 2017 Fastlane PPV, and set course to collide with Brock Lesnar at WM33 one last time. Beast vs Legend. Lesnar/Goldberg III for the title. You would think, with all of the ink spilled on Goldberg, that this would be the WM33 main event. You would be wrong.
Like I said two paragraphs earlier, The Undertaker also made his in-ring return at the 2017 Royal Rumble. The week before on Raw, Taker had a stare down with both Brock and Goldberg. All 3 men were rumored to win the Rumble match. Undertaker entered at #29, dumping Goldberg and several others, but he wouldn't be the man left pointing in the end. Because when #30 hit, Roman Reigns made his way to the ring. It was the Big Dog's yard now.
After a brief tussle (where The Undertaker attempted to not-so-gently remind Roman that it was his yard), Reigns dumped Taker, leading to an epic staredown, a chorus of boos, and musings on if Reigns had indeed claimed ownership of the yard which Undertaker had previously held rights to.
Regardless of the yard deed, Reigns found himself eliminated last by winner Randy Orton, who would go on to face the WWE Champion at WM33. Which doesn't matter because we all know that the Rumble winner doesn't REALLY main event Wrestlemania.
Undertaker sold the elimination for over a month, appearing again on Raw in March to interrupt a Braun Strowman tirade against Reigns. Strowman respectfully left the ring, deciding to forego any involvement in the Reigns/Taker land dispute. Taker called out Reigns, Reigns came out, staredown, chokeslam and we're going to Wrestlemania.
It doesn't take much to sell an Undertaker Wrestlemania match, and WWE didn't mess with the formula. As the weeks led to Wrestlemania, the Undertaker appeared to tell Roman that it was his yard and he would bury Roman in it. Roman responded that, with all due respect, F you, it's my yard. Heady stuff, and it would carry them all the way to the main event of WM33.
The No Holds Barred match (stipulation announced during the show) would end a marathon, six and a half hour Mania that, well, had it's ups and downs. Aside from a surprisingly good clash between AJ Styles and Smackdown Live Commissioner Shane McMahon, and an even more surprising return by the Hardy Boyz, there wasn't a lot to cheer about during a show that, on paper, looked like a barnburner.
Two hot feuds (Kevin Owens/Chris Jericho and Seth Rollins/Triple H) resulted in lackluster matches. Another great feud, John Cena & Nikki Bella/The Miz & Maryse, forsook any sort of match time for post-match engagement shenanigans. And the Randy Orton/Bray Wyatt WWE Title match was overshadowed by some very silly fun with projectors and Orton's weird sperm snake.
The Goldberg/Lesnar Universal Title Match played third to last and, despite its limited time and display of wrestling acumen (there may have been 4 different moves total in the match), at least got the crowd hot. Unfortunately, that good will was doused by a poorly placed Smackdown Women's Title 6-Pack Challenge which had about as much heat as you'd expect. No fault on the Smackdown women, but you can't make people care about 6 people in a match, and you sure can't do it in 5 minutes.
As a side note, I wish WWE would realize that these multi-person matches booked for the sake of getting everyone on the show rarely have a good reception, and putting them in the spot before the main event is a giant crowd killer. This kind of stuff may play on the Kick-Off Show, where rowdy fans are ready to pop for all the entrances, but 6 hours in? Nah brah.
So that leads us to the main event and, in case you'd forgotten the stakes, here's WWE's slick video package to give you the history.
Hall of Fame announcer Jim Ross made his way to the ring to call the match, just in case you didn't realize how historic the affair was going to be.
Don't get me wrong. The Undertaker has been synonymous with Mania for over two decades, and his 21-0 streak may be the most epic achievement in all of Wrestlemania's, or wrestling as a whole's, history. But Taker's streak was ended by Brock Lesnar at WMXXX, and 23-1 just doesn't hold the same impact. Not to mention that Taker's WM output since WMXXX includes a lackluster win over Bray Wyatt and a Hell In A Cell match with Shane McMahon that's solely memorable for an insane stunt by the other guy.
All this to say that, yes, Undertaker is still a Wrestlemania selling point here, but he just wasn't something you could automatically prop your entire event up with in 2017.
Second of all, there were no stakes announced for this match – the entire thing was built on two guy's who called the ring their yard. No titles or careers were on the line, just pride. Sure, there were RUMORS that this would be Undertaker's final match, but those have been popping up during Mania season for at least the last 4 years.
Still, there was no denying this as a potential passing of the torch – a man who carried the company for decades handing it over to the man who had clearly been chosen to take it into a new era.
Anyway, on to the match. Roman Reigns made his way out first to the loud boos to which he'd become accustomed. Don't get me started on the logic of WWE's biggest face being hated by a massive majority of their audience. It supposedly worked for Cena.
Taker is out second, and you can't deny that entrance. The smoke, the music, it'll get you every time. Especially knowing that this could be it. The Dead Man rose up from below the middle of the entrance way, which thankfully gave the 52-year old legend less entrance ramp to walk. It still gave plenty of time for Reigns to pose in the ring and look either pensive or unafraid. Emoting is not his yard, uce.
The bell rings and, well, we get the match. I remember watching this last year and thinking it was awful. After rewatching, it really was just bad.
In fact, the first half wasn't too offensive at all. Taker and Reigns took turns tossing each other in and out of the ring, arguing about whose yard it was. The pace was slow, but the moves – lots of punches, but still – were fairly impactful. That's the way you book Taker – the best pure striker in WWE.
There was lots of fun outside the ring, with two big announce table spots. First, The Phenom hit a big chokeslam on Reigns onto the table, which did not give way. Suck it, Roman. Taker takes the Big Dog up on a second announce table, but Reigns recovers and spears Undertaker through a third. That one broke.
At this point, things begin to go off the rails. Taker and Roman make their way back to the ring, but Taker is blown up bad. He blows a Last Ride and then takes advantage of the No Holds Barred stip by bringing a chair into play.
Another side note – I'd love to see "No Holds Barred" actually refer to holds that are barred and see the piledriver make an appearance here. Then again, as the match plods on, I'm not trusting either of these guys with a piledriver.
The Dead Man whips the piss out of Roman with a chair, but this now begins the "Why Won't You Die" portion of the match. It used to be that Taker's opponents would face this frustration, but at this point, it was Taker who constantly tried to find a way to finish the match. A chokeslam on the chair and tombstone isn't enough to put the Big Dog down.
Taker sets up for another tombstone, but Roman tries for a reversal that results in disaster. It looks like the Dead Man just can't hold Roman up at this point, and after falling down awkwardly twice, they improvise. Roman hits a spear, but Taker reverses the pin attempt into his Hell's Gate submission move – a very sloppy version of it anyway. Roman makes it to the ropes, and I'll ignore how little sense it makes to do a rope break in a No Holds Barred match, but hey, the ref has to do something.
Roman takes his turn with the chair and then hits a third spear, but it's not enough to put Taker down. Roman sets up for a supersized Superman punch, but Undertaker looks lost in the ring, barely able to get into position for it. A fourth spear, but the Phenom kicks out at two. YOU CANNOT KILL THAT WHICH IS ALREADY DEAD!
The Dead Man is trying to do his sit up move, but keeps falling back down. Reigns is all out of ideas so he starts a slap fight. Undertaker is too proud to die. Reigns reaches into his deep repertoire and pulls out…a fifth spear. Five's a charm and, for just the second time ever, the Undertaker loses at Wrestlemania.
After the match, Roman celebrates with fireworks as the Undertaker lays dead in the ring. When Roman finally exits, Taker finds the energy to sit up as the crowd begins to thank him. Taker puts back on his coat and hat and gloves. Taker then takes off his coat, hat and gloves. Someone please stop him before he's naked.
The Dead Man leaves his gear neatly folded in the center of the ring and then begins the walk up the entrance ramp. In spite of all of the problems in the booking and match, this is a surreal and memorable moment in WWE history. Though unannounced, it looks as though Taker has taken his last ride. He raises his fist in the air one last time as he's lowered back down under the entrance way.
The next night on Raw, Roman appeared only to soak in 5 minutes of jeers and boos from the Orlando crowd. His whole promo? "It's my yard now." It would be hard to argue.
The Undertaker would not appear on WWE TV again until 2018, when he made a mildly nonsensical appearance at the 25th Anniversary episode of Raw. As of this writing, Taker is not booked for Wrestlemania 34, though a match with John Cena is heavily rumored.
As for this match, there were a lot of things that could have made it better. The drama behind the match, for one. If this was Undertaker's final Wrestlemania match, why not hype that up more? Another issue was the match length. This story could have been told in 12 minutes instead of 25, and the match would've presumably ended without exposing the Undertaker's weaknesses in his advanced age. They just did not do the Dead Man any favors here.
Finally – the cardinal rule is send the crowd home happy. Watching the symbolic death of one of the sport's greatest heroes is not a crowd pleaser. Is it historic? YES. But Taker's first defeat to Lesnar at WMXXX was historic without killing the show. That's because after that happened, you had Daniel Bryan pulling it out in the main event.
Also at WMXXX, Brock was so unrepentant, so REMORSELESS for ending the streak that it at least translated to emotion. On the other end of the spectrum, when Shawn Michaels retired Ric Flair at WMXXIV, there was a TON of emotion and mutual respect on display. This match was just somewhere in the middle. Roman Reigns was just kind of there, and he just kind of won, so now he can keep his catch phrase. And if Taker does indeed return for another match (which WWE had not shut the door on), then it kind of invalidated the Dead Man's epic exit from WM33.
Overall, maybe history will be kind to this match. I certainly – I don't know if appreciated is the word – but I thought it was better now than I did in 2017. Not much, but some. At best, it could be remembered as a pivotal part in Undertaker's story arc (though not a good part). But as a match, no thanks.
Final Score: 4.0 (Avoid)
February 28, 2018 April 11, 2018 Mike MitchemBrock Lesnar, Goldberg, Roman Reigns, Undertaker
Previous Previous post: POP! WWE VINYLS 36-40 REVIEW
Next Next post: POP! WWE Vinyls 41-45 Review

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I never thought the day would come where I would see these 2 names on a track, and I have to say... the result... is disappointing.... I hardly ever post negative comments on my blog, but I expected something a lot bigger, although it's still a good track, I feel that this collaboration could have been a lot more epic. Still worth a listen though!
0 Respones to "PREVIEW: Tommy Trash & A- Trak - Tuna Melt "


text:
Training Gear Reviews
Garmin Fenix 5 Review
A full-featured GPS watch with good battery life for every-day use, training sessions, and wilderness navigation
Credit: buy.garmin.com
By Jediah Porter and Joanna Trieger ⋅ Jun 7, 2018
Features - 35% 10.0
Ease of Use - 25% 8.0
Battery Life - 15% 9.0
Accuracy - 15% 7.0
Design - 5% 6.0
Ease of Set-up - 5% 7.0
RELATED: Best GPS Watch of 2023
The Garmin Fenix 5 is an outstanding GPS watch. While the 935 edged out the Fenix 5 in terms of weight, accuracy, and battery life in our tests, these watches are much more alike than they are different, and both have the most extensive range of features in our test group.
Good battery life
And excellent app data management
The Fenix 5 is a high-end watch, and its price reflects that, so those looking for an entry-level option should check out the Garmin Forerunner 35. If backcountry navigation is your top priority, the Suunto Ambit3 Peak is slightly burlier in that area.
Garmin now makes the Fenix 5 in two additional sizes. The Fenix 5, with no qualifiers, as we tested it, is in the middle. There are larger ones and smaller ones, with lettered qualifiers and the same features. While the Fenix 5 previously earned the Editor's Choice Award, it was dethroned in our 2018 update by the lighter, slightly more accurate Garmin Forerunner 935.
The Fenix 5 scored near the top of the charts in every metric we tested and was only defeated in overall score by the Forerunner 935.
The Fenix 5 and associated charging cable. We didn't think much of it, but it would sure be nice to have the Fenix use a standardized micro USB cable for charging. However, this would likely not be as waterproof as their proprietary connection. At least this cable is compact.
Credit: Jediah Porter
The Fenix 5 is a fully featured product. It has every feature we can imagine in a GPS/training watch, and its feature set is essentially identical to that of our Editor's Choice, the Forerunner 935. With these watches, we weren't compromising between necessary features and those that would be "nice to have" — we really couldn't think of anything to add to the GPS distance and pace, time-keeping, smartwatch features, barometric altimeter, advanced navigation attributes, step count, sleep tracking, built-in optical heart rate, thermometer, and optional after-market external sensors available. In short, the Fenix 5 makes no compromises in features.
The Fenix 5 is impressive across the board. Here, our tester reviews heart rate data at the end of a long run.
Credit: Joanna Trieger
The Fenix 5 delivers the sleek, intuitive experience that we've come to expect from consumer electronics in 2018. Apart from the Forerunner 935 (which was identical to the Fenix 5 in this category), the closest comparison on the market is the Suunto Ambit3 Peak. Both are full-featured, high-end training devices. A big difference, as deduced from extensive experience with all Garmin and Suunto products, is in their respective ease of use. Some primary, yet relatively minor, differences distinguish them from one another. In Garmin's favor is the company's long tenure in the field. Many consumers, and you may be one of them, are already using Garmin's data management software.
Whether you use the PC-based Garmin Training Center, or the online Garmin Connect, picking up the Fenix will allow you to plug and play. In our survey of the market for a GPS training watch, this compatibility was a significant advantage. If you don't already have brand loyalty, however, the gap narrows. The Ambit Peak models are about equal to the Fenix in terms of interface. Specifically, the Suunto picks up GPS signal a little faster at the beginning of your training, and the Suunto online interface uses Google maps for route planning. The non-branded maps used by Garmin Connect are slightly less detailed.
The other Garmin devices we tested use the same "Connect" interface. All sync smoothly and easily with the smartphone version, which in turn collates data in a format that is visible with the web-browser accessed Connect platform. Other watches and platforms are also quite easy to use.
Three of the largest watches in our test, from left to right: the Mission, Ambit 3 Peak, and Fenix 5. The Fenix is clearly smaller than the other two.
For a fully featured, reasonably sized GPS watch, the Fenix 5's battery endurance is remarkably good. In day-to-day use, with occasional normal-length (1-2 hours) training sessions, we have been able to go just under a week between charges. For more extensive GPS use, the battery lasts less long. When we tracked a continuous GPS activity until the battery died, the Fenix 5 lasted just over 20 hours — impressive, but again, slightly less impressive than the Forerunner 935, which lasted over 21 hours. The 935 was also quicker to charge.
In extensive use of both comparably featured devices, we found the battery life of the Fenix 5 to be just a little better than the Suunto Ambit3 Peak. This is especially notable considering that the Garmin is smaller and has the optical heart rate sensor working all the time. Comparison to all the other devices is inappropriate, as the rest have considerably fewer features.
Lead test editor and IFMGA Mountain Guide Jed Porter leading a crew and navigating with the Fenix 5 on Peru's Nevada Pisco in May of 2017.
To test accuracy, we used each watch in our test to record two sets of two laps around the inside lane of a standard 1/4-mile running track. In 2017, the Fenix 5 measured an average 3% error. In our 2018 update, the Fenix 5 was bang-on each time. In general, accuracy improved in our 2018 update.
We also analyzed the GPS tracks recorded by each watch after our runs, and this was one area where the Fenix 5 performed slightly less well than the Forerunner 935. We consistently saw the Forerunner 935 record tracks that adhered to our known routes better than the Fenix 5, and the paces recorded by the 935 were also more consistent and accurate. The differences were not huge, and both watches performed very well, but the 935 was just a bit better.
For a full-featured watch, especially one with such good battery life, the Fenix 5 is pleasantly small — though it is significantly heavier and taller than the Forerunner 935, such that we felt a real difference between the two watches on runs.
Compared to the rest of the test group, the Fenix 5 is thinner than the Suunto Ambit3 Peak. Additionally, the Fenix 5 can be purchased with the same features, but varying battery life, in both a smaller and larger version than what we tested. We tested the unqualified Fenix 5, while the Fenix 5S is smaller and the Fenix 5X is larger. They all have the same features and vary only in battery life and some navigation attributes.
Sample GPS tracks from the Forerunner 935 (left) and the Fenix 5 (right) during the same run. Throughout our training, we noticed that the 935 recorded more accurate tracks than the Fenix.
Ease of Set-Up
Evaluating "Ease of Set-Up" is almost becoming moot. Compact modern electronics, networked with a smartphone like all these watches are, are equipped with set-up interfaces that are remarkably complete. We experience, anymore, precious little variation in the set-up procedure between one product and the next. The Garmin is no exception. All you need to do is charge it, download the app to your phone, and follow the instructions on the app.
There are only minor variations between the products in this category. Notably, the Polar M400 took almost an hour to sync initially. There is also the generalized, open source Google "Android Wear" app. This app is shared by a number of smartwatches and isn't optimized for athletes. One can deduce important info, but it isn't as easy to get going as the apps from Garmin and the others.
The Forerunner 935 (left) compared to the Fenix 5 (right). The 935 is slimmer and much lighter than the Fenix 5.
The Fenix 5 isn't cheap. While we think the Fenix 5 is worth the cost, we recommend the Forerunner 935, which is lighter and a slightly better product.
Garmin hit the ball into the stands with the Fenix 5, but then they hit it out of the park with the Forerunner 935. The Fenix 5 is fully featured, has excellent battery life and is a snap to use, but as progress marches on in this category, there are now better options out there.
— Jediah Porter and Joanna Trieger
Amazon $529.99
Best GPS Watch of 2023
Looking for the perfect GPS watch? Our experts spent hours...
How to Choose a GPS Watch
Thinking of purchasing a GPS watch but you're not sure...


This is one of the saddest stories I have heard. A tale of a hero. Dont want to say much here as it would ruin the story. Watch the video then go lookup Hachiko. Video parts from the 2007 "Hachi". Wonderful music from Fringe Silence with Julian Jolley on the cello.
I had already seen the movie, but I just cried my eyes out again. What a testament of true love.
I did not cry watching this! I had dust in my eyes!
My undying respect goes to hachiko, he is the true meaning of love and passion.
I couldn't help myself..I don't know if I can take the movie without going emotionally overboard. That was amazing! And I can happily relate to such bonds.
This made me cry that the song made it more sad.
Oh god... this story was heart wrenching !! I cried a after seeing this movie.
It it normal for my eyes to leak a salt water? What the hell is this!?
This movie showed me the true meaning of loyalty between a man and his dog. How hatachi just waited at the train station for 9 years, too see his master. At the I just cryed my eyes out, when hatachi just close d his eyes and then at that moment when he saw his master returned I knew hatachi died too be with his master. It is like hope of all the forces that make a better world none is so powerful as hope, one can think, one can work, one can even dream big as the sky.if you have hope you have everything.
Hachiko "melodía de la película"


Furniture Inviting Colors For Cozy Interior Living Room With Comfortable Sofa And Chic Pillows Wall Mirror Blue Rug Brown Leather published on decoration. which is part of the decoration collection. It's full resolution is 736x552 Pixels.


Articles→Obituaries→Kosciusko County→Milford→Howard E. Woodward Jr.
Howard E. Woodward, Jr., 74, North Manchester, passed away at 5:50 a.m. on Saturday, Feb. 9, 2019, at Peabody Retirement Community in North Manchester.
He was born on May 17, 1944, in Urbana, Ill. to Howard Eugene Woodward and Doris (Wright) Woodward.
His parents moved to the North side of Dewart Lake in 1948, thus Mr. Woodward, in 1949, started first grade with the Milford Public School System, graduating in 1962 from that same school building on Emeline Street.
He enjoyed being a student, receiving a degree in mechanical engineering from Purdue University in 1965 followed by a Master's degree in electrical engineering from Northwestern University. He did desire to continue his education, wishing to study atomic energy, but ran out of time in his life.
Upon graduation from Purdue, he worked for Bell Labs, Aurora, Ill. Among his notable achievements there, were assisting in the development of the original integrated circuit boards and later early Random Access Memory (RAM) Modules for the burgeoning computer systems. He later transferred to Pacific Telephone Company where he was responsible for maintaining long distance circuits into and out of central Los Angeles. While in Southern California, he left Bell moving to Hughes Aircraft in Culver City, Calif., and later Van Nuys, developing defense system electronics and weaponry guidance systems that were notably used in the Gulf War and finally on to running their IT Department.
He served the community as past treasurer of the Kosciusko County Democratic Party, Chapman Lake Conservation Association and the Peabody Foundations. He was past director of the Lakeland Art Association, a member of the Warsaw Kiwanis Club and the Milford High School Alumni Association.
He was a man who loved to learn and to serve the community. He will be dearly missed by his family and friends and colleagues.
He will be lovingly remembered by his son: Scot Woodward, PhD Mathematics, Sunnyvale, Calif.; three brothers: Richard Woodward, Fort Wayne; Bruce (Rebecca) Woodward, Warsaw; Joseph (Colleen) Woodward, Mishawaka; two sisters: Marilyn Woodward, Kingston, Wash.; Carolyn (James) Garrigus, Laurinburg, N.C.; and his step-mother: Wanda Coates Woodward, North Manchester. He was preceded in death by his parents.
Visitation will be held from 4-7 p.m.,Thursday, Feb. 14, at Redpath-Fruth Funeral Home, 225 Argonne Road, Warsaw. His funeral service will be conducted at 10 a.m. on Friday, Feb. 15, at Redpath-Fruth Funeral Home and officiated by Chaplain Denise Schwaberow. Burial will follow with a private graveside service at Oakwood Cemetery of Warsaw.
Memorial donations may be directed to Chapman Lake Conservation Association, Inc., c/o Howard Woodward, Jr., P.O. Box 776, Warsaw, IN 46581 and would be appreciated by the family.


text:
The Edge Markets, Photo Credit to The Edge Markets
https://www.propertyhunter.com.my/news/2019/08/6953/article/guan-eng-no-inheritance-tax-in-budget-2020-other-tax-measures-unlikely-too
Guan Eng: No Inheritance Tax in Budget 2020, Other Tax Measures Unlikely Too
Finance Minister Lim Guan Eng said the government is unlikely to introduce new tax measures in Budget 2020, and inheritance tax is certainly not being considered.
"Any new tax measures are unlikely [in Budget 2020], but definitely I would rule out inheritance tax for the foreseeable future," he told reporters yesterday after opening the National Tax Conference 2019.
Guan Eng said Putrajaya would include contingency measures in Budget 2020 to insulate Malaysia from the potential adverse impact arising from the US-China trade conflict.
"If the trade war escalates or worsens, there will be a contingency package to try to insulate Malaysia as much as possible from any adverse impact," he said.
"There is [an] expectation that the trade dispute would end by the end of this year, but we need some sort of contingency."
In his keynote address, Guan Eng said the government remains confident of achieving its gross domestic product growth target of 4.6% this year.
"We are aware that there is an element of concern about political uncertainty in Malaysia. We found that surprising [as the matter] has been addressed repeatedly.
"I would like to emphasise again that Malaysia has a stable political environment. We have a stable government, and a prime minister certain about the political future of the country."
Guan Eng said although the government is hoping more taxpayers will participate in the Special Voluntary Disclosure Programme (SVDP), criminal offenders such as fugitive financier Low Taek Jho (Jho Low) will not be able to use the tax amnesty programme to escape criminal prosecution.
"The SVDP only covers taxation laws, and not criminal laws. It doesn't mean people like Jho Low can come and declare unreported incomes and everything is cleared.
"The SVDP will clear income tax issues, but he (Jho Low) will still be subjected to any criminal prosecution, for stealing money."
As of June 23, 2019, Guan Eng said 486,360 taxpayers had come forward to the IRB to participate in the SVDP, declaring their unreported incomes.
"I urge all taxpayers to make full use of this one-time initiative introduced by the government, whereby the declaration made will be accepted in good faith by the Inland Revenue Board, without any further probe. Guan Eng, in his speech, also said the IRB needs to cooperate with taxpayers in achieving a higher tax compliance.
"Taxpayers must be treated as a partner in national development by the IRB, and not as someone suspicious and to be 'dealt' with. Further, the relationship between tax collectors and taxpayers is governed by the rule of law.
"A friendlier and more professional rules-based approach can result in higher tax revenue through voluntary compliance. No more raids by officers with firearms wearing balaclava masks," he said.
GuanEng
Malaysia Set to Be One of Earliest Countries to Record Positive Economic Growth
Penang Extends Home Ownership Campaign Until End-2021.
How Are Real Estate Negotiators Supported During the Pandemic? MIEA Tells All
73% Malaysians Looking to Renovate, Own, or Move Homes Due to COVID-19 Impact on Living Space
Want to Know How to Be a Permanent Resident in Malaysia?
NREA 2021: MIEA Recognises Real Estate Practitioners Resilience During Pandemic


First, let's introduce you to the app drawer.
Scroll left and right to navigate through your list of apps. Some apps that you have installed through the main app store and have an iMessage app will automatically be added to the drawer.
To customize which apps appear on the drawer slide all the way to the right and click on "more". In the window that appears you can view the current order of the iMessage apps on your drawer. To customize which and where the apps appear click edit at the top right. Tap on the green plus to the left of apps under the "MORE APPS" to add it to your favorites. Your favorites are the top group of apps under the header "FAVORITES". Click the red minus to remove an app from your favorites. Change the order of your "FAVORITE" apps by using the three bars on the right to move them to the place of your choice. If you don't want an app to move it to "MORE APPS" if it is not there already then flip the respective switch.
To install other iMessage apps open the iMessages app store from the messages drawer. There is a design like the regular app store. Scroll through to find some cool featured apps, if you can't find what you're looking search for them by clicking on the magnifying glass in the top right. Clicking on an app gives you the same preview as the regular App in the app store would. Once you install the app it will be added to the drawer which you can edit in the More section.


blank concept map template elegant thinking maps unique free mind circle printable.
feet outline template library of a foot footprints cut out.
book shipping log template free and receiving.
social media calendar template google docs lovely planning spreadsheet inspirational literals can be defined as.
party cute business invitation templates invitations fun wording ideas corporate template.
blank wedding invitations cards invitation template high resolution.
irrevocable letter of credit template.
vector fold brochure template design concept business leaflet 3 folded blue flyer pamphlet a4 indesign.
free flyer templates word download brochure for pediatrician child care template mac microsoft os x.
wedding ceremony brochure templates program free word documents download template fan programs.


text:
5 Ways China Is Becoming the Global Leader on Climate Change
Nexus Media
Apr. 07, 2017 10:14AM EST Popular
Solar panels in Shanghai. Photo credit: Shutterstock
By Bridgette Burkholder
Last week, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) chief Scott Pruitt called the Paris agreement a "bad deal." He claimed China has made no significant efforts to curb carbon pollution, while the U.S. has sacrificed jobs to meet the terms of the pact.
The facts don't support Pruitt's claim. While President Trump is working hard to dismantle U.S. climate policy, Chinese President Xi Jinping is assuming the mantle of global climate leadership and pushing for the rapid expansion of clean energy.
The same day that Trump called for a rollback of federal limits on carbon pollution, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Lu Kang reaffirmed China's commitment to the Paris agreement, saying "as a responsible, large, developing country, China's resolve, aims and policy moves in dealing with climate change will not change."
Xi is in Florida this week to meet with Trump at his Mar-a-Lago estate. It's unlikely the two will talk about climate change, but China has made clear that it's not backing down from its plans to tackle the carbon crisis.
Here are five facts about China's progress on climate and energy:
1. China's solar capacity grew by 82 percent last year.
Though the country is often associated with coal, China is the world's largest solar producer, nearly doubling its solar capacity last year alone.
As the world's largest energy consumer, China aims to have 110 GW of solar and 210 GW of wind installed by 2020. That's more than double the solar and wind capacity currently installed in the U.S. China could meet its solar target as early as next year, according to Greenpeace.
2. China's coal consumption has dropped three years in a row.
Despite growing demand for energy, China has been shifting steadily away from coal. In January, the Chinese government canceled the construction of more than 100 coal-fired power plants, in an effort to reduce air pollution and slow climate change.
In a 2016 commentary in Nature Geoscience, researchers said that China's coal use has already peaked. British climate economist Lord Nicholas Stern, a co-author of the commentary, told The Guardian this represented "a very important event in the history of the climate and economy of the world."
Thanks in part to falling coal consumption, China's carbon emissions have stayed flat—or declined—for the past three years. China has pledged to peak emissions by 2030.
3. China plans to invest at least $360 billion in renewable power generation by 2020.
China leads the world in renewable energy investment and recently announced it would put some $360 billion towards renewables by 2020. According to China's National Energy Administration, half of all new electricity generation by 2020 will come from wind, hydro, solar and nuclear power.
The New York Times reported that the "investment commitment made by the Chinese, combined with Mr. Trump's moves, means jobs that would have been created in the United States may instead go to Chinese workers."
4. Renewable energy jobs are booming in China.
Renewable energy already employs 3.5 million people in China, compared with less than a million in the U.S. China expects new investments will create 13 million more jobs in the sector by 2020, according to China's National Energy Administration.
5. China aims to have five million electric vehicles on the road by 2020.
To put that figure in perspective, there were only one million in the world in 2015. China is becoming a major market for electric vehicles. Last year, nearly 50 percent of all new electric cars were sold in China. The country has ambitious targets for the rollout of zero-carbon cars. One point of interest: Over the next five years, Beijing will replace all 70,000 of the city's gas and diesel-fueled taxis with electric vehicles.
Reposted with permission from our media associate Nexus Media.
climate change nexus media greenpeace scott pruitt paris agreement china solar renewable energy wind epa


text:
C-Level: The guru whose advice saved Johnsonville
How to succeed in business? Empower your employees to do their best work, says 89-year-old business adviser and author Lee Thayer.
C-Level: The guru whose advice saved Johnsonville How to succeed in business? Empower your employees to do their best work, says 89-year-old business adviser and author Lee Thayer. Check out this story on jsonline.com: http://jsonl.in/2s8CsyO
Steve Jagler, Milwaukee Journal Sentinel Published 12:01 p.m. CT June 10, 2017
CEO coach Lee Thayer(Photo: The Thayer Institute)
Last week, this column focused on the meteoric success of Johnsonville Sausage LLC and CEO Ralph Stayer.
This week, we turn our attention to the consultant Stayer credits with providing the key advice that turned his company around: Lee Thayer.
For Stayer, the turning point came in 1982, when he heard a lecture by Thayer, a former professor and chairman of the Department of Communication at the University of Wisconsin-Parkside.
"I was stuck. People (employees) didn't seem to be involved. They didn't seem to care," Stayer said. "I asked him (Thayer) if he could help me with my people problems. He gave me the best advice I ever received. He said, 'I can't help you fix this business, but I can help you create something else. In the best of all worlds, what do you want to create?'"
RELATED: Jagler: Johnsonville Sausage chairman offers 7 key questions business leaders should ask themselves
At that point, Stayer realized he had become the "answer man" at his company. His employees turned to him for all the answers and were not empowered to take ownership and lead on their own, Stayer said.
"We had supervisors who controlled people, not team leaders and coaches," Stayer said.
Thayer, an author who now operates the Thayer Institute in Flat Rock, N.C., has been advising CEOs at companies around the world for half a century. Thayer's clients have included executives at IBM, AT&T, Westinghouse, Boeing, Curtiss-Wright, Pratt-Whitney, McDonnell Douglas, Phillips, Shell, General Motors, Sealtest Foods and Hallmark.
Now 89 years old, Thayer fully recalls his three-year stint helping Stayer create a decentralized leadership structure at Johnsonville.
"When he (Stayer) first came to me and asked me to help him make a change, I said, 'It depends on what kind of a cat you are,'" Thayer said last week by phone. "What we did was reinvent the company from the ground up. It was decentralizing the organization and giving more responsibility and training to the people who work there."
I asked Thayer to itemize the four key advantages of a decentralized leadership structure:
It is far better to have dozens of competent employees than to have but one "leader."
People who are face-to-face with customers and/or clients make better decisions than "managers," who are two or three times removed from the action.
If the people at the top own all of the problems, then the people doing the work can't own them. "If the 'little' people own the problems, they take pride in their work," Thayer said.
The real accomplishments are where the rubber meets the road — that is, where the work is being done. It isn't the leader who makes the organization successful; it is the organization that makes the leader successful (or not). "This has been proven many times over in history," Thayer said.
Steve Jagler is the business editor of the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. C-Level stands for high-ranking executives, typically those with "chief" in their titles. Send C-Level column ideas to him at steve.jagler@journalsentinel.com.
Lee Thayer
Title: Independent consultant, author, business executive and professor
Organization: Founder of The Leader's Journey and The Thayer Institute in Flat Rock, N.C.
Expertise: CEO coach, author
Education: Bachelor of arts, master's degree, University of Wichita; PhD, clinical and social psychology, University of Oklahoma.
Family: Wife, Katy, an accomplished artist; five grown children
Best advice ever received: "If you know the difference between good advice and bad advice, you don't need advice."
Personal: "The mountains of western North Carolina have been home for 26 years."
Read or Share this story: http://jsonl.in/2s8CsyO
Viking adding Great Lakes cruises that will start or end in Milwaukee
What's happening with the 6 high rise towers planned for downtown Milwaukee?
New apartments still draw renters, but growth is slowing


text:
This is the repository for {{repo}}. You're welcome to contribute! Let's make the Web rock our socks
off!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The Catholic Community of Hopewell Valley will be hosting a Lenten preparation luncheon on January 28, 2018, at St. George Church, 12:00noon, following the 11:00am Mass. Monsignor Vince Gartland will be presenting. Lunch is sponsored by the K of C Hopewell Council #7103. All are invited.


Looking for ideal Mercedes Atego Side Lamp Manufacturer & supplier ? We have a wide selection at great prices to help you get creative. All the Atego Side Lamp are quality guaranteed. We are China Origin Factory of Side Lamp 9408200221. If you have any question, please feel free to contact us.


In 1994, we took over the W H Baker Ford Aberdare dealership in South Wales and we are now regarded as the premier Ford centre in the Cynon Valley. We are less than 25 miles from Cardiff and Newport, two of Wales' biggest cities, and sit just outside the Brecon Beacons.
Aberdare Ford is independently owned and managed by business partners Graham Astrand, Glyn Evans and Simon Roberts-Morgan. Graham and Simon actually began their careers in the motor industry working in the original W H Baker dealership.
As a Ford-only dealer, our staff have developed extensive product knowledge when it comes to sales, servicing and parts. Together, they have decades of experience in the motor industry and with Ford in particular.
In 2017 we heavily invested in renovating our premises with a fully refurbished showroom and outer building to provide a more modern car buying experience.
Learn more about the heartbeat of our business, our highly experienced staff, by meeting the team below.
With over 40 years' experience in the car trade, Graham returned to his roots here at Aberdare Ford as the dealer principle in 2005. He started his career here at the age of 17 when the dealership was owned by W. H Baker Ltd.
With over 30 years' experience in the car trade, Simon also worked at W. H Baker's Aberdare dealership from 1986. He returned to his roots here at Aberdare Ford in 2012.
With over 15 years' experience in car sales, Chris is the newest member to join the sales staff here at Aberdare Ford. He has previously been a very successful member of a premier Ford dealership in Wales. Chris has specialised in new car retail sales and is a fully accredited Motability specialist.
With over 40 years' experience in the service department Glyn became a director here at Aberdare Ford in 2001.
With almost 30 years' experience in the service department, Dean has worked for Ford dealers as a technician since leaving school. Originally, Dean started with Aberdare Ford in 1996 and achieved his qualification as a master technician. After a short while away, he returned to us in 2009 as our service manager.
Stuart has over 20 years' experience working within the parts department, all of which based here at Aberdare Ford.
Meet our fully Ford-trained and qualified technicians with over 50 collective years' experience between them. Whether you come for a rountine check up or a repair job, we will have you back on the road in no time.


Hiring a life coach may seem like a drastic step to take if your life is going well, but the truth is, life coaching is for anyone who would like more out of life—more success, more money, more organization. Life coaching is also ideal for those who would like to improve upon what they have—making their families happier, their careers more fulfilling, their self-esteem higher. Here are the top ten reasons to hire a life coach. If you fall into even one of these categories, consider calling a life coach for a free consultation.
You're happy with your life overall, but you feel that something is missing – a sense of peace or contentment. Life coaching can help you find out what you really want and can also help if you're struggling with a particular facet of life, such as time management, organizational skills, or budgeting.
You're concerned about your family life; for example, you'd like to forge closer connections to your children. Life coaching can help you find ways of relating to your children that are respectful of their stages of growth and allow you to be their friend as well as their parent.
You're single and rely on your friends for support, so you'd like to expand your social network. A life coach can give you tools to create a more fulfilling or exciting social life.
You have financial goals you'd like to reach by a particular age or career stage, but you're unsure how to meet those goals. Life coaching can also help if you're not sure how to get what you want out of life given your existing financial status.
Your career seems to be stalled, and you're unsure of how to get it moving again – or you're contemplating a change in careers. Life coaching can give you the tools you need to embark on a career that is more in line with your values and belief system.
You have dreams you put on the backburner while you were getting your career on track or raising children, and you'd like to resurrect those dreams and put a plan in place to achieve them. A life coach can help you rediscover lost dreams and support you in achieving them.
You're facing a life transition, such as divorce, death of a loved one, or an empty nest and want to explore the direction you'd like your life to take next. Life coaching is also useful if you're recovering from a major illness or addiction and could use guidance to figure out where to go from here.
You'd like to improve the quality or quantity of your interactions with your spouse or partner and would like guidance on how best to achieve this. Life coaching can help you learn how to enhance your relationship, for your own sake and for your partner's.
You want to build your self-esteem and self-confidence so you can achieve more in life. A life coach can help you become more self-aware, as well as get in touch with your inner strengths so you can capitalize on them.
You know exactly what you want next out of life – you just need a plan of action and moral support. A life coach offers guidance as you bring your goals to reality.
Quiz: Is a life coaching certification for you?
December 5th, 2014 | Comments Off on Quiz: Is a life coaching certification for you?


Today, the San Francisco 49ers officially announced the hiring of former Indianapolis Colts safeties coach Roy Anderson as an assistant defensive backs coach.
The news was first reported by Alex Marvez of FOX Sports on January 28. Anderson will join defensive backs coach Jeff Hafley and has been coaching within the NFL for eight seasons. Anderson was among the coaches fired last month by the Colts.
Anderson joined Indianapolis in 2012 as the safeties coach when he followed new Colts head coach Chuck Pagano from the Baltimore Ravens. Before that, he spent several seasons with the Ravens in multiple roles. He coached Antoine Bethea, who is now with San Francisco.


Central government fiscal account. Revenue and expenditure by type. Quarterly figures. NOK Million.
1The quarterly figures are subjected to chance variations and are not revised. They should be interpreted with caution.
Central government fiscal account. Revenue and expenditure by type. Annual figures. NOK Million.
The central government's fiscal account shows its total revenue and expenditure. The revenues include tax revenues, contributions to the National Insurance Scheme and petroleum-related revenues. The expenditure consists mainly of transfers, fixed capital formation and operating costs.
Total revenue: Total gross revenue before transfers to the Government Pension Fund - Global.
Total expenditure: Total gross expenditure before transfers to the Government Pension Fund - Global.
Surplus before net transfers to the Government Pension Fund - Global: Total revenue minus total expenditure.
Surplus before financial transactions: Surplus after net transfers to the Government Pension Fund - Global.
Gross financing including debt instalments: Deficit before financial transactions plus lending minus repayments and debt instalments.
Financing: How the deficit (or surplus) before net transfers to the Government Pension Fund - Global is financed, distributed by main groups of financial instruments.
Type: Revenue and expenditure are classified in main groups by type, mainly based on whether the transaction is related to operation or investments, whether services are offered in return or not, and what kind of economic function the individual transaction has. Originally the distribution by type was based on the National Accounts' distinctions, but over time this has changed somewhat.
Programme category: Expenditure is classified by main purpose of the individual expenditure item.
Financial instrument: Rough classification of financing by financial instrument, with a distinction between deposits, loans, short-term securities, medium and long-term securities, and equity (shares, capital deposits etc.).
Figures are published 35-45 days after the end of each quarter. Annual figures are published with the figures for the fourth quarter.
Monthly figures for revenue and expeniture are only published in StatBank. They are updated on the last workday of the following month and this update is not included in the overview of planned releases and events.
The micro data are stored in the SAS database.
The purpose is to give the public access to quarterly figures for the central government's fiscal account, including the National Insurance Scheme. Quarterly figures are available from the first quarter 1985.
The statistics are processed for use in the National Accounts. Other important users are the Ministry of Finance, the IMF and mass media.
The statistics are not based on international standards. The figures for the central government's fiscal accounts are in principle final at the time of publishing. Annual figures from the statistics are included in processed form in the statistics General government revenue and expenditure and the annual and quarterly statistics are included in the National Accounts.
The population comprises all administrative bodies that report to the central government's fiscal account. Non-corporate state enterprises and state lending institutions are partially included (most of them on a net basis), but not public corporations.
The central government's fiscal account is an administrative register collected from the Ministry of Finance.
This mostly consists of checking that the accounts balance (i.e. that expenditures equal the sum of revenues and net financial transactions).
One tries to avoid great breaks in the series by presenting only main groups of revenues and expenditures in the tables. Breaks may still occur, since the central government fiscal account's chart of accounts constantly is being adjusted by resolutions in the National Assembly.
Errors may occur while aggregating main item, programme area and financial instrument.


Retail investors continue to pour in money in mutual funds through SIP.
Retail investors continue to pour in money in mutual funds through SIP. Mutual funds received Rs 8,064 crore of its assets through SIP in January 2019, 21 per cent higher year-on-year, shows data from Amfi. Mutual funds collected Rs 8,022 crore through SIPs in November.
"Despite acute market volatility owing to credit events and global uncertainty, retail investors continue to repose their faith in the India growth story. This is quite evident from the SIP flows and folio numbers, which continue to rise sequentially," says N S Venkatesh, CEO, AMFI.
Mutual funds have currently about 2.57 crore (25.7 million) SIP accounts through which investors regularly invest in the schemes.
Systematic Investment Plan, or SIP as it is commonly known, is an investment plan (methodology) offered by mutual funds. It allows investors to invest a fixed amount periodically, say, once a month, instead of making a lumpsum investment. The SIP installment amount could be as small as Rs 500 per month. SIP is similar to a recurring deposit where you deposit a small /fixed amount every month.
SIP is a very convenient method of investing in mutual funds through standing instructions to debit your bank account every month, without the hassle of having to write out a cheque each time.
SIP has been gaining popularity among mutual fund investors, as it helps in rupee cost averaging and also in investing in a disciplined manner without worrying about market volatility and timing the market.
AMFI data shows that the MF industry had added about 9.31 lakh SIP accounts each month on an average during the FY 2018-19, with an average SIP size of about Rs 3,150 per SIP account. See table below for month-wise amount collection.
Early spring and winter traditionally are heavy periods for US refinery maintenance.
In May 2016, NIA filed a supplementary chargesheet stating that there is no case made out against Sadhvi Pragya Singh Thakur and six others.
In its analyst presentation, Reliance Industries said there was large headroom in rural internet penetration, which will be a growth opportunity for the business house.
Munoz is the latest foreign executive to be brought in to a South Korean automaker dominated by lifelong loyalists, as heir-apparent Euisun Chung strengthens control of the conglomerate chaired by his aging father.
The power generation can be doubled provided distribution companies (discoms) pay their dues promptly.
BBB, headed by former DoPT secretary B P Sharma, also suggested revamping credit governance architecture in nationalised banks.


An exhibit of furniture by American artist Donald Judd is on display at the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, accompanied by a guide with photographs of his New York and Marfa studios.
The Donald Judd: Specific Furniture exhibition at SFMOMA showcases a substantial collection of Judd's chairs, desks, beds, and tables, in company with other modernist pieces that he owned.
Living in New York City in the 1960s, Judd first practised painting and sculpture before moving onto furniture in 1971 – around the same time he relocated to Marfa, Texas, and opened a studio.
The exhibit brings together Judd's works and drawings, as well as examples of well-known furniture pieces that he owned, as an attempt to place the artist in a broader context of the modernism and minimalism movements.
"Judd's designs emerged in response to what he saw as a lack of good, basic furniture," said a statement from SFMOMA.
Many of his pieces are simple and pared-back, commonly featuring 90-degree angles, and red and black in colour.
For materials, Judd often used rough, lumberyard-cut pine or birch plywood, while other pieces feature aluminium and copper.
Included in the exhibition is an illustrated guide with photographs of his workplaces in New York City and Marfa.
In addition to making furniture, Judd also collected iconic pieces himself. Classic designs by Alvar Aalto, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Gerrit Rietveld, Rudolph M Schindler, and Gustav Stickley were among his collection.
"Donald Judd: Specific Furniture presents Judd's work alongside a selection of important pieces that he collected and lived with, in his homes and studios, placing Judd firmly within the design canon and opening a broader lens on his creative practice and environment," said Joseph Becker, SFMOMA's associate curator of architecture and design.
One photograph shows Judd's Marfa studio, which features a frame table he made in 1989 alongside a MR Side Chair by Mies van der Rohe. The room is also furnished with Rietveld's Red Blue Chair in a corner, next toAalto's Stool 60 and Karl Trabert's Desk Lamp.
In another photo of the Marfa workspace, a large black drafting table and Open Side Chair 84 – both designed by Judd – can be seen beside Rietveld's Zig-Zag Chair.
The Open Side Chair 84 comes from a series of box-like metal furniture, which was produced by Swiss firm Lehni. The designs are still produced in Switzerland, with a variety of the powder-coated aluminium chairs and tables available in the range.
Judd's studio at 101 Spring Street in New York's Soho – which was restored in 2013 – is also presented in photographs.
In a long room lined with windows and golden wooden floors, pieces include the artist's Fourth Floor Table 19 and Fourth Floor Low Table 18 – both made in 1981 – as well as Serving Table 64 and Cart 62 from 1985.
Another dimly lit room at 101 Spring Street features library shelves by Judd, with Aalto's Stool 60, Chairs 21, and Table 70.
The exhibit title comes from Judd's 1964 writing, Specific Objects, in which he theorised the limitations of painting and sculpture, and the potential for more three-dimensional art.
In the text, he referenced the works of Mark Rothko, Yves Klein, Jackson Pollock, Frank Stella among dozens of others.
"This exhibition looks beyond his noted sculptures, which he referred to as 'specific objects', and examines his furniture design as a parallel practice that began in the 1960s and deepened throughout his career," said a statement from SFMOMA.
Newly fabricated Judd furniture pieces that visitors can touch and use are placed outside the exhibition, which is on display at SFMOMA from 14 July until 4 November 2018.
Photography is by Katherine Du Tiel unless otherwise stated.


Since Aug 2015 I have been working on a genealogy project for C123rd on Ancestry.com.
I have put the names of the 862 Marines and 161 Navy Corpsman who came and went in C Company during WWII into a tree at Ancestry.com.
If I could find their parents I added them and same for their spouses. About half of the men I could not find out more about. As I went along what struck me was how many were 1st generation Americans. 7 were even immigrants themselves of which 5 were born in Canada and 2 in Italy.
Of the ones whose parents I could find out more about, 120 of the Marines and Corpsmen were first generation Americans with their parents having been born in the following 33 countries.
If you have an Ancestry.com membership you can see the tree at http://trees.ancestry.com/tree/82309145/recent .


text:
Sacred è il secondo album del gruppo musicale The Ladder, pubblicato nel 2007.

Tracce

Formazione
Steve Overland – voce
Pete Jupp – batteria
Bob Skeat – basso
Gerhard Pichler - chitarra

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Yes, I, Eric am that of a Human.
Hello, I'm a C++ n00b but certainly human.
I'm bound to have some questions as I learn, this seems like a decent place to ask them.
I am new, I am here, or maybe...here, or maybe....here.
I've been an embedded coder who is now gonna learn windows!?
i like lucozade, rammstein, and programming.
I am a real person and I am here.
Hello, I am here mostly!
Hello everybody. I am new to the forums.
I am new, I am here. Hobbyist programmer looking to see if Code::Blocks is the right IDE for my project.
I am new, and I am here. After years of Fortran/assembly/VB, and finally getting into the C world - Hello!