text:
First homicide trial since COVID-19 outbreak begins in Great Falls
Traci Rosenbaum
Great Falls Tribune
Great Falls' first homicide trial since the COVID-19 pandemic came to Montana started Monday with jury selection and opening statements.
Stanley Isaac Lebeau, 54, was originally scheduled to go to trial on March 23, 2020, but his trial was postponed after the first case of COVID-19 in the state was confirmed March 11 and Montana soon after entered a state of emergency.
Lebeau was accused in May 2017 of deliberate homicide for allegedly killing Tasha Rush and leaving her body in a bathtub at the Airway Motel in Great Falls.
More:Lebeau allegedly admits to murder, planning killing spree
More:Victim of homicide at Airway Motel identified
The Tribune previously identified the victim as Tasha Roberts, but Cascade County Attorney Josh Racki said she used both last names. Racki will refer to her as "Rush" throughout the trial, so that is the name the Tribune will use in order to quote the testimony exactly.
Jury selection finished up quickly Monday, and attorneys presented their opening statements Monday afternoon.
Racki showed a photo of Rush, who was 28 when she was killed on May 14, 2017. He also showed the jury a photo of her in the bathtub where investigators found her.
Racki said two days after Rush's death, law enforcement was looking for Lebeau because he had cut off a GPS tracking device required by his probation in another matter.
Police tracked down Lebeau and detained him. Racki said Lebeau asked officers to loosen his handcuffs and if they did, he would tell them about a murder.
"In an eerie, deadpan voice, the defendant told them he had killed a woman in his room," Racki said, "and that they should be happy they had caught him because he was going to go on a killing spree, killing others and taking hostages."
Three officers went to Airway Motel and found Rush in the bathtub, where Lebeau allegedly told them she would be.
After he was taken into custody, Lebeau allegedly told multiple other people he came in contact with that he had killed Rush and planned to kill others.
Racki showed a video of Lebeau at the station saying, "I killed some chick," and played a recording of him telling a detective, "She wouldn't shut up and I kept hitting her and hitting her and hitting her."
Racki played another recording of a call Lebeau made from a phone at the Cascade County Detention Center to a close friend where he again admitted to killing Rush.
A jail inmate will also testify that Lebeau admitted the crime to him and talked about ways to beat the case, fool the jury and confuse the evidence.
Racki said his case was not based on Lebeau's confessions alone. The state will provide physical evidence that includes a blood-soaked bed and clothing from both Rush and Lebeau.
At one point, Racki said Lebeau told police he had bought a knife to dismember Rush, and the state plans to present evidence of that purchase.
A month later, Lebeau changed his story, according to Racki. He claimed Rush's death was an accident and told police in a letter that he and Rush were in an argument. He said he picked up a tree root and threw it at her, that it must have hit her, but he didn't see her die.
Lebeau's attorney, Jay Reno, asked the jury to see his client as a human being and to view the case objectively without jumping to conclusions.
"Stan is a rough-looking individual," Reno said. "He's lived a hard life. He's made many mistakes, and he's paid for those mistakes. What he is not is a murderer."
Reno said Lebeau found Rush's body in his motel room and then did not report it to authorities for two days. However, he said, Lebeau did not kill her.
Reno admitted in his opening that Lebeau's confessions sounded incriminating, but those statements were just stories. He asked the jury not to judge Lebeau based on his appearance or the alleged charge.
"You don't have to like Stan," Reno said. "To be honest, I wouldn't probably associate with Stan out in the real world."
During the trial, Reno said the prosecution would present a variety of witnesses and evidence. He said there would be no physical evidence that Lebeau committed the crime.
He said multiple unknown people had engaged in sexual intercourse with Rush within 24 hours of her death and no murder weapon was found.
The trial will continue on Tuesday and is expected to last one week.
Criminal justice reporter Traci Rosenbaum reports on law enforcement issues for the Tribune. Reach her at trosenbaum@greatfallstribune.com or 406-791-1490.
Follow her on Twitter @GFTrib_TRosenba.
Want to keep up on crime news in Great Falls and northcentral Montana and get access to exclusive content? Click here to subscribe.
Have a news tip for the Tribune? Click here.


David Jacobs-Strain has appeared at festivals from British Columbia to Australia, including Merlefest, Telluride Blues Festival, Philadelphia Folk Festival, Hardly Strictly, Bumbershoot, and Blues to Bop in Switzerland. He's taught at Jorma Kaukonen's Fur Peace Ranch, and at fifteen years old was on the faculty at Centrum's Blues and Heritage workshop. On the road, he's shared the stage with Lucinda Williams, Boz Scaggs (more than 60 shows), Etta James, The Doobie Brothers, George Thorogood, Robert Earle Keen, Todd Snider, Taj Mahal, Janis Ian, Tommy Emmanuel, Bob Weir, T-Bone Burnett, and Del McCoury.
Someone had mentioned our IsoThermal TubeTraps to him, for recording purposes, and that we were located in Eugene, Oregon, his home town...so he came by and picked up some TubeTraps and an AttackWall for his recording studio he is currently working on, and is 100% sold on them now!
He is trying to get a more acoustical, organic sound while he is building out his studio, and our products worked perfectly for him. These images were from a visit to his studio, while they were laying tracks down for a song that might be on his upcoming album.
Art Noxon, the inventor of TubeTraps and owner of Acoustic Sciences Corporation, offered some advice on the laying out his setup, for maximum results. It's laid out diagonally across the room, to best utilize the combination of the AttackWall and TubeTraps.
I was there to hear them record, and can honestly say, that the sound coming out was absolutely incredible!
There is a little video of them recording.


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We Follow you back when you Follow Us.
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A great beginner's bump run.
To access this trail, veer right about three quarters of the way down Sneaky's.
This a very short bump run with small bumps.
This is a perfect run to introduce bump skiing.
It finishes on a green run.


We live in such a beautiful area that we tend to want to bring the feel of cozy mountain cabin into our homes. As we move forward from the 1970's cabin we can leave some of the old styles of the log furniture behind and upgrade it with a modern touch without losing that cozy curled up by the fire feeling.
We have put together 3 different bedrooms. They all have the same bed and and bedding, a dark grey linen duvet cover and euros. We were able to get 3 different looks just by switching some of the accessories up. Take a look and let us know what your thoughts are.
You have the lovely soft neutrals from the wood in the bed and the dresser. So it was fun to add pops of color in with the wool rug. Adding some dimension, the texture in the pillows is really fun. You have the neutral tones with some burst of color. We went with a leather chair with metal legs. The color of the leather helps bring some warmth to the room. I don't know if you are like us, but anyway we can incorporate a sheepskin into the room helps add texture to the bed and it's super soft. Or you can even use it as a rug and layer up on your other rugs. Sconces are always a nice touch because it gives you freedom to have a side table and not take up space with a lamp. We chose the metal sconce because of its shape and how it helps add some contrast with the neutral palette and pops of color. Finally, you need some art, we went with this bright abstract of a mountain because it's not your typical "Here's a mountain painting…" It helps tie in some of the color palette with the pillow and rugs.
This palette is a little softer than the first option. We went with a really fun grayish rug. This rug has some serious texture though, the looped nubs feel fantastic on feet, it just really helps bring the soft palette together. The chair choice is a little more of a mid century modern design but the tone of the wood and the linen look of the fabric makes it feel comfortable. We added another sconce, similar to the first one but different in shape. We also added a fun lamp, that is sculptural, it has natural wavy lines that looks like you just found it out in nature. The pillows still add nice pops of color and have an abundance of textures, from wool to embroidery. Finally the painting is a little more literal of a mountain painting, but it's loose lines and choice of color help give it an abstract feel.
The final option is a very neutral palette. The rug is a greige and is a hand knotted wool and viscose rug, so it will feel amazing on your feet. We would also put the sheepskin into this room as well, again whether it's for the bed or to layer on top of the other rug. We added 2 light fixtures into this room. The round drum shade is modern in its sleekness but is soft enough to help tie this whole look together. The sconce we used is a little more sculptural mixing wood and metal. The chair in this selection is a little bulkier in its design, I love that the frame you can really see the wood grain, like someone just cut the tree down and said here is a chair. The fabric is a textural pattern that ties in the greige scheme. The pillows are black and white with just a touch of color. But like the others, they are not lacking texture. Bringing textures in will help in any room. Finally, we chose a black and white photograph of some pine trees. Because no matter where you go in the Pacific Northwest you will always run into some pine trees.
Let us know if you have any questions? If you are interested in any of the rugs or the art please don't hesitate and we would be happy to put together a quote together for you. Also, the soft goods will be available to purchase in our online store,for furniture inquiries please email us at emily@thenestdesignstudio.com.


When it comes to your heat pump, you can rely on our team of expert HVAC technicians. With over 16 years of experience, we can solve all of your heat pump problems.
Installing a new heat pump or having maintenance performed on your current system is a great way to improve the heating efficiency of your property.
Call us today to schedule a visit to have your current system inspected and serviced or get a quote on the cost of a new heat pump system.


Earthurns biodegradable urns are made from the bark of the Mulberry tree. They are attractive, durable and environmentally friendly. The bark of the Mulberry tree exfoliates naturally and the bark is harvested just as you might harvest an apple or orange.


text:
Q: How to validate the results of bayesian causal network? There are many ways of validating predicting the results:
MSE, MAE, AIC, CV, etc..
But I do not hear any validation way of causality. If the true networks not available, how to make sure the results of bayesian networks are right?
I am appreciate if there is any way other than randomized experiments.
Thank you in advance.

A: This isn't specific to Bayesian networks but it is general to causal inference. I hope it is helpful to your question.
The predictive validation tools you describe work by way of having a ground truth with which to compare the predictions against. Causal methods, however, are challenging because there is no ground truth with which to compare them to, as you alluded too. Yet there is hope. One way of validating your causal results is through something called sensitivity analysis.
Sensitivity analysis is a set of methods that explore whether or not your causal assumptions hold. For example, a nearly universal causal assumption is unconfoundedness between treatment and the outcome. To validate that causal assumption you will need to explore whether or not unobserved confounding exists. And, if it exists how strong it would need to be to bias your observed effect in a major way. There's a problem, however, in that it is unobserved.
Classically, economists would spend pages and pages arguing that any unobserved confounders that exist either do not bias their results in any significant way or said unobserved confounders simply don't exist, all from a conceptual standpoint. There are, however, more data-oriented ways of approaching this problem as discussed in Cinelli et al, 2020. The paper is cited below and in the introduction cites several other papers on the topic of sensitivity analysis.

*

*Cinelli, C., & Hazlett, C. (2020). Making Sense of Sensitivity: Extending Omitted Variable Bias. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society,Series B (Statistical Methodology)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Hemangioma is a benign reddish growth which is formed by a collection of blood vessels localized to an area. Hemangiomas are characterized as being superficial or deep, depending upon the depth of involvement in the skin. Superficial hemangiomas often present in newborns tend to disappear without treatment over a period of years. Deeper hemangiomas may also resolve, but sometimes because of their depth the fleshy tissue remains and needs to be surgically excised in the future. The reddish portion of superficial hemangiomas can be treated with V-beam pulsed dye laser which improve their cosmetic appearance.


text:
Atomic Weapons Establishment
"AWRE" redirects here. For the village in Gloucestershire, see Awre.
The Atomic Weapons Establishment (AWE) is a United Kingdom Ministry of Defence research facility responsible for the design, manufacture and support of warheads for the UK's nuclear weapons. It is the successor to the Atomic Weapons Research Establishment (AWRE) with its main site on the former RAF Aldermaston and has major facilities at Burghfield, Blacknest and RNAD Coulport.
AWE logo
Aerial view of AWE Aldermaston during 2009
Preceding agencies
Atomic Weapons Research Establishment (AWRE)
Royal Ordnance Factories (ROF) Burghfield and Cardiff
Non-departmental public body
Aldermaston, Berkshire, England
51°22′09.3″N 1°08′25.9″W / 51.369250°N 1.140528°W / 51.369250; -1.140528Coordinates: 51°22′09.3″N 1°08′25.9″W / 51.369250°N 1.140528°W / 51.369250; -1.140528
Organisation executives
Sir John Manozi, Chairman
Alison Atkinson, Chief Executive
www.awe.co.uk
AWE plc, responsible for the day-to-day operations of AWE, is owned by the Ministry of Defence and operated as a non-departmental public body.
Until June 2021, AWE plc was owned by a consortium of Jacobs Engineering Group, Lockheed Martin UK and Serco through AWE Management Ltd, which held a 25‑year contract (until March 2025) to operate AWE, although all the sites remained owned by the Government of the United Kingdom which had a golden share in AWE plc.[1] In November 2020, it was announced that the Ministry of Defence had triggered a contractual break point and would take ownership of AWE Plc in July 2021.[2][3]
The establishment is the final destination for the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament's Aldermaston Marches march from Trafalgar Square, London. The first Aldermaston March was conceived by the Direct Action Committee and took place in 1958.
1.1 Atomic Weapons Research Establishment
1.2 Changes in ownership
1.3 The formation of AWE
1.4 Private management
1.5 Return to government management
2.1 AWE's responsibilities
2.2 Safety record
2.3 Security breaches
3 AWE Blacknest
HistoryEdit
Atomic Weapons Research EstablishmentEdit
The British nuclear weapons programme, then operating under the project name 'High Explosive Research' within the Ministry of Supply, established operations on 1 April 1950 at the former RAF Aldermaston airfield.[4] The airfield was constructed in World War II and had been used by the Royal Air Force and the United States Army's Eighth and Ninth Air Force as a troop carrier (C‑47) group base, and was assigned USAAF station No 467. In 1952, the High Explosive Research project was renamed the Atomic Weapons Research Establishment (AWRE), with William Penney appointed as the first director.[5]
Changes in ownershipEdit
In 1954 AWRE was transferred to the newly created United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA). In 1971 the production activities of UKAEA were transferred to the newly created British Nuclear Fuels Ltd. (BNFL).
In 1973 AWRE was transferred to the Procurement Executive of the Ministry of Defence. Parts of AWRE's weapons production processes were carried out at two Royal Ordnance Factories (ROFs): ROF Burghfield and ROF Cardiff. In 1984 these two ROFs were separated from the other ROFs, which were then formed into a government-owned defence company, Royal Ordnance plc and was privatised in 1987. ROF Burghfield and ROF Cardiff remained within the Procurement Executive and came under the control of AWRE.
The formation of AWEEdit
In 1987, AWRE was combined with ROF Burghfield and ROF Cardiff to form the Atomic Weapons Establishment (AWE),[4] these sites being renamed AWE Burghfield and AWE Cardiff (the latter was closed in 1997).
It remained with the Ministry of Defence, Procurement Executive. However, in 1989, the UK government announced its intention to find a suitable private company to run AWE under a Government Owned/Contractor Operated (GO‑CO) arrangement.
Private managementEdit
In 1993 the government awarded a contract to Hunting-BRAE, a consortium of Hunting Engineering, Brown and Root and AEA Technology. During Hunting-BRAE's management AWE decommissioned the RAFs WE177 freefall nuclear bomb. In 1998 the company suffered two prosecutions for safety breaches, one for discharge of tritium into a nearby stream[6] and another for an incident where two workers inhaled plutonium.[7]
In 1999 Hunting-BRAE lost the contract to AWE Management Ltd (AWE ML), a consortium of BNFL, Lockheed Martin and Serco. AWE ML's subsidiary, AWE plc, assumed responsibility for the operation of all AWE sites on 1 April 2000. This was not full privatisation as the Ministry of Defence continued to own all the AWE sites as well as a golden share in AWE plc.
Critics pointed out that BNFL and Lockheed Martin did not have perfect safety records either. BNFL suffered embarrassing revelations of falsified quality checks in nuclear fuels and Lockheed was the subject of scathing reports on the operation of US nuclear facilities. Lockheed's failings included safety concerns at the Y-12 facility at Oak Ridge, Tennessee, an American weapons plant similar in certain ways to Aldermaston.
In December 2008, the BNFL share in AWE Management Ltd was sold to Jacobs Engineering Group, an American engineering services company.[8]
Since about 2013 the Office for Nuclear Regulation (ONR) has given both AWE sites enhanced regulatory attention due to "safety and compliance concerns, and the continued undertaking of operations in ageing facilities due to delays to the delivery of modern standard replacement facilities." The ONR anticipated AWE would move back to normal regulatory attention in 2021 after the new facilities are completed.[9]
Scientists at AWE were involved in testing for radioactive poison after the poisoning of Alexander Litvinenko. No gamma rays were detected; however, the BBC reported that a scientist at AWE, who had worked on Britain's early atomic bomb programme decades before, recognised a small spike at an energy of 803 kilo-electron volts (keV) as the gamma ray signal from polonium-210, a critical component of early nuclear bombs, which led to the correct diagnosis. Further tests using spectroscopy designed to detect alpha radiation confirmed the result.[10]
In July 2015 the Office for Nuclear Regulation issued an improvement notice to AWE demanding that it demonstrate that it has a long-term strategy for managing Higher Active radioactive Waste in order to reduce the risk to the public and its employees.[11]
In 2011 a project named MENSA to construct a new warhead assembly and disassembly facility at Burghfield had been approved, to be completed in 2017 at a cost £734 million. In 2020, a National Audit Office report found that costs had increased by £1.07 billion to £1.8 billion and completion date had slipped to 2023. Construction was begun before design had been finalised and risk was not shared with contractors, so they were not incentivised to control costs.[12][13]
Return to government managementEdit
In November 2020, it was announced that the Ministry of Defence had triggered a contractual break point and would take ownership of AWE Plc in July 2021.[2][3] Sir John Manzoni has been announced as chair-designate, and will formally take on the role of chair of the board on 1 July 2021.[14]
OperationsEdit
AWE's responsibilitiesEdit
AWE is tasked to help the United Kingdom maintain a credible and effective minimum nuclear deterrent:
To maintain the warheads for the Trident nuclear deterrent safely and reliably in service.
To maintain a capability to design a new weapon, should it ever be required.
To complete the dismantling and disposal of redundant warheads replaced by Trident.
To develop the skills, technologies and techniques that could underpin future arms limitation treaties.
A significant programme of investment took place over the three-year period from 2005 to 2008, of about £350 million per year, to provide assurance that the existing Trident missile warhead is reliable and safe throughout its intended in-service life. The new facilities and extra supporting infrastructure are required in the absence of live nuclear testing no longer allowed under the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty. [1]
AWE co-operates with the Los Alamos National Laboratory in the United States and other American nuclear weapons laboratories in carrying out subcritical nuclear tests at the Nevada underground test site to obtain scientific data to maintain the safety and reliability of nuclear weapons. Subcritical tests are not banned by the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty on nuclear weapons. The most recent test took place in February 2006.[15]
The cost of decommissioning AWE facilities when they become redundant, including nuclear waste disposal, was estimated at £3.4 billion in 2005.[16]
Safety recordEdit
On 3 August 2010 a fire broke out in the explosives processing area at AWE Aldermaston, resulting in the evacuation of nearby residents from their homes.[17] Investigations by a local newspaper revealed that from 1 April 2000, to 5 August 2011, 158 fires broke out at AWE sites, with the fire brigade being called out to deal with alarms on average four times a week over this period.[18] The Health and Safety Executive took the decision to prosecute AWE plc on three charges relating to health and safety after their investigation into the fire in 2010, the first hearing in this case being held on 6 August 2012.[19] On 16 May 2013 AWE pleaded guilty to a single offence contrary to the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974.[20]
Security breachesEdit
In 2013 a whistleblower alerted the authorities to lapses in security caused by misconduct among police officers guarding the base. The MoD said that security was never threatened, but MoD police considered it a "critical" incident. Six officers were dismissed for gross misconduct and 25 resigned.[21]
AWE BlacknestEdit
Formerly part of the Ministry of Defence, AWE Blacknest has, for over 40 years, specialised in forensic seismology, researching techniques to distinguish the seismic signals generated by underground nuclear explosions from those generated by earthquakes. It is approximately 1 mile west of the main AWE site.
Blacknest's main function is to develop and maintain expertise in using seismic techniques to detect and identify underground explosions. This expertise and the techniques have been used in the past to provide assessments for the UK government on nuclear explosions carried out by other countries. The expertise is to be used as part of Britain's contribution to the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty which was signed in 1996, but which, as of 2015, has not come into force.
US-UK Mutual Defence Agreement
Atomic Energy Research Establishment
Frank Barnaby
John Dolphin
Operation Grapple
William Penney
Tube Alloys
^ "Our company". AWE. Retrieved 27 February 2016.
^ a b "Atomic Weapons Establishment (AWE) Written Ministerial Statement". UK Government. 2 November 2020. Retrieved 2 November 2020.
^ a b "Secretary of State for Defence Statement to Parliament". UK Government. 2 November 2020. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
^ a b "Our history". Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 11 June 2018.
^ "Atomic Weapons Research Establishment and Predecessors". Retrieved 17 December 2019.
^ AWE Aldermaston in Newbury Magistrates Court: 13 December 1999 Archived 19 June 2006 at the Wayback Machine. Cndyorks.gn.apc.org. Retrieved on 17 July 2013.
^ No Nukes Inforesource: Site Archived 26 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Ecology.at (15 December 1997). Retrieved on 17 July 2013.
^ MarketWatch.com. MarketWatch.com (18 October 2011). Retrieved on 17 July 2013.
^ "Safety concerns over Berkshire nuclear weapons factories". BBC News. 18 October 2019. Retrieved 4 November 2019.
^ "Litvinenko: A deadly trail of polonium". BBC. 28 July 2015. Retrieved 21 January 2016.
^ "Improvement Notice served on AWE". 13 July 2015. Retrieved 19 August 2020.
^ Chuter, Andrew (12 May 2020). "Three British nuclear programs are $1.67 billion over budget". DefenseNews. Gannett. Retrieved 17 October 2022.
^ Cullen, David (29 July 2020). "Reports highlight repeated failures by MOD over four decades". Nuclear Information Service. Retrieved 17 October 2022.
^ "Sir John Manzoni announced as Chair Designate for AWE plc NDPB Board". GOV.UK. Ministry of Defence. 19 November 2020.
^ US conducts subcritical nuclear test Archived 28 February 2006 at the Wayback Machine
^ House of Commons Hansard Written Answers for 24 July 2006 (pt 1868). Publications.parliament.uk. Retrieved on 17 July 2013.
^ "Fire in Bunker at Atomic Weapons Site in Aldermaston". BBC News England. 4 August 2010.
^ Average of four fire calls a week at AWE (From Basingstoke Gazette) Archived 6 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Basingstokegazette.co.uk. Retrieved on 17 July 2013.
^ Regional News Network – Press Releases – OPERATOR TO BE PROSECUTED OVER AWE SITE FIRE -OPERATIONAL NOTE. Rnn.cabinetoffice.gov.uk (15 June 2012). Retrieved on 17 July 2013.
^ Latest News > 16 MAY 2013 – AWE STATEMENT FOLLOWING READING CROWN COURT APPEARANCE Archived 20 July 2013 at the Wayback Machine. AWE. Retrieved on 17 July 2013.
^ "Investigation into security lapses at Trident site 'was bungled'". The Guardian. 8 January 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
Further readingEdit
Arnold, Lorna (2001). Britain and the H-bomb. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 0-333-94742-8.
Freeman, Roger A. (1994). UK Airfields of the Ninth: Then and Now. Old Harlow: After the Battle. ISBN 0-900913-80-0.
Lawyer. L.C et al. (2001). Geophysics in the Service of Mankind: Soc. of Exploration Geophysics, Tulsa. ISBN 1-56080-087-9
Gowing, Margaret and Arnold, Lorna (1974). Independence and Deterrence: Britain and Atomic Energy, 1945–1952. Volume 1: Policy Making. London: The Macmillan Press. ISBN 0-333-15781-8.
Gowing, Margaret and Arnold, Lorna (1974). Independence and Deterrence: Britain and Atomic Energy, 1945–1952. Volume 2: Policy Execution. London: The Macmillan Press. ISBN 0-333-16695-7.
External linksEdit
History of AWE
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Atomic_Weapons_Establishment&oldid=1125611613"
This page was last edited on 4 December 2022, at 23:04 (UTC).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Ansible project to install the Ansible AWX software, an open-source version of the
Ansible Tower UI for controlling Ansible playbooks.

This project assumes a node running CentOS 7 and having 2x CPU, 4GB RAM. It also
assumes that you are running and controlling the VM using Vagrant.

## Prerequisites

Install ansible on the source host (assumes install on Mac OSX using Homebrew):

```bash
$ brew install ansible
```

Next, set up the passwordless SSH keys for each of the source instance and target VM - it is
assumed you understand how to do this so this step will be skipped. The key name that is
assumed in the `hosts` file is `ansible-awx`, but if you wish to change this name feel free
to update the `hosts` file appropriately.

Edit the `hosts.yml` file to ensure the node1 IP address match your target VM instance.

## Usage

Run the playbook against the target instance specified in the `hosts.yml` file:

```bash
$ ansible-playbook -i hosts site.yml
# you should see output corresponding to the actions being taken on the node
```

## Check AWX

Once the playbook completes, you should be able to log into the AWX  interface at the
following URL:

[http://10.11.13.15/](http://10.11.13.15/)

The default login username is `admin` and password is `password`.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


2.1 You may not use the Website in any improper or unlawful manner or in breach of any legislation or license that applies to you.
(d) upload files or other data that contain software or other material which are the intellectual property rights of any third party or which are protected by rights of privacy or publicity of any third party without having received all necessary consents.
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2.4 You are responsible for obtaining (at your own cost) all necessary equipment and telecommunications services required to access and use the Website. You are responsible for ensuring that no one uses your equipment to access the Website without your permission. We will be entitled to assume that anyone who accesses the Website using your equipment has your permission to do so and you will be liable for any Charges or any other costs, liabilities or damages that may be incurred by any such person.
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in all cases even if we have been forewarned of the possibility of such loss or damage.
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This is a marriage made in heaven, this little cake is divine, you may fear that the marshmallow frosting is going to be too sweet and sickly, but it is just perfect. The sponge is fast and easy to bake, leaving you with assembling these little jewels with your favourite berries.
A selection of your favourite berries.
Preheat the oven to 180C, line a Swiss-roll tray with non-stick baking paper.
In a large bowl, whisk together the eggs, butter, sugar, almonds, flour, orange zest and juice using an electrical beater until smooth (don't worry if it looks slightly curdled). Spread the mixture evenly on the tray and bake for approx. 20 mins. until risen and golden.
In the meantime make the frosting: In a large bowl beat together with an electrical mixer, half the icing sugar and butter. Gradually beat in the remaining icing sugar and marshmallow fluff until light and fluffy.
Take a round cutter (i.e. for scones) and cut out the equal amount of small round sponges.
Use a piping bag, to pipe dainty little dollops of marshmallow frosting on the cut-out sponges, arrange for a layer of fruit on half of the sponges, carefully place the other half on top and decorate with fruit and possibly a little shaving of chocolate.
Present on a pretty little plate, just beautiful.
Embossed heart glass hanging t-light holder. Looks beautiful anywhere.
Fabulously stylish biodegradable party side plates. Available in 10, 25 or 50 packs.
Fallen palm leafs turned into lovely party plates.
Stunning paper place cards. So stylish and elegant. Pack of 12.
Gorgeous glitter gift & favour bags.


text:
Tag Archives: AKP
US again denies PYD leader Salih Muslim a visa for Kurdish conference | Rudaw
For the second year, the United States has denied a controversial Kurdish leader a visa to speak at an event at the presitigious National Press Club in Washington, D.C.
"The visa, it was actually refused," Salih Muslim said in a video.
Turkey adjusts its policy | Colonel Cassad
2017-01-06 by Akira 1 Comment
Turkish Deputy Prime Minister Numan Kurtulmus made clear in one of his statements that his country may change its policy in relation to Syria and depart from the course held by Ankara since 2011, when it supported the interventions of the anti-government forces against President Bashar al-Assad. "We have no right to impose any solution of the Syrian people", – said the Deputy head of the Turkish government.
Analysis, News
DUGIN pushes Russian alliance in Turkish parliament with visit to AKP
Today's guest roster at the Turkish parliament offered an intriguing glimpse of President Recep Tayyip Erdogan's "New Turkey." While Western ambassadors in Ankara showed solidarity with the pro-Kurdish Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP) over the detentions of its leaders, in a nearby chamber the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) was hosting Russian President Vladimir Putin's special adviser Alexander Dugin.
4PT, News
Kurds may abandon Turkey after coup against Erdogan
A long-running uprising in Turkey's Kurdish regions was temporarily overshadowed by the July 15 coup attempt. The PKK first took up arms against the government over 30 years ago, and the fighting has led to more than 40,000 deaths. Neither the PKK nor the Turkish government is looking to reconcile following the end of a ceasefire last year. Kurds in eastern Turkey, where most live, are facing a state of emergency, Toprak said. "Entire cities and regions have been razed," he added. "There are 500,000 internally displaced Kurds."
President Erdogan and opposition unite in Turkey rally
2016-08-07 by Akira 2 Comments
More than a million people have attended a pro-democracy rally held in Istanbul in response to Turkey's failed coup attempt last month.
The massive rally on Sunday united the country's president, the prime minister and two opposition party leaders around a single issue for the first time in years.
Turkish Coup Round up
Charges Filed Against U.S. Defense Officials in Turkey over Coup Allegations
$2 billion: CIA's bill for Turkish coup
Now Erdogan 'wants to smash secret NATO army' over alleged role in Turkey coup
Turkey coup plotters' use of 'amateur' app helped unveil their network
Erdogan Says Turkey's Coup Script Was 'Written Abroad'
Turkey sees swift overhaul of intelligence agency, gendarmerie after coup
Profile of a dedicated Gulenist in Turkey's army
When one scrutinizes the WhatsApp messages and lists of coup plotters who would have been appointed to critical posts of the country, it's beyond doubt that the attempt was the brainchild of members of the Fethullah Gulen movement, known in Turkey as the Fethullah Gulen Terrorist Organization (FETO).
The Turkish army: a history of coups | BMPD
In early 2010, the Prosecutor of Istanbul on the basis of materials Ergenekon launched an investigation against high-ranking generals and admirals who planned in 2003, a military coup under the code name "Sledgehammer" in connection with the election victory of the AKP, but under pressure from the then chief of Turkish General staff Hilmi Ozkok the conspirators did not dare to speak. By 2012, as witnesses in the case were interviewed more than 365 people, 325 of whom (mostly generals and admirals) have received real prison terms.
Turkey watches death throes of a faction facing its end
Many observers believe the coup was a rushed attempt by military personnel with links to the Fethullah Gulen movement who knew they were going to get purged in the annual military appointments meeting held every August.
"It resembles a last-gasp desperate suicidal attack by these members of the parallel organisation who knew their time was nearly up," said Ibrahim Kiras, the editor-in-chief of the Karar newspaper, which represents the liberal wing of the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP).
Turkish ruling party preparing to replace PM Davutoglu
Turkey's ruling party is set to replace Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoglu at an extraordinary congress in the coming weeks, officials said on Wednesday, signaling the end of his term as premier and plunging the country into political uncertainty.
The decision, confirmed to Reuters by five AK Party officials, came after a meeting of more than 1-1/2 hours between Davutoglu and President Tayyip Erdogan that followed weeks of increasingly public tension between the two men.
Turkish parliament committee votes to lift lawmakers' immunity
A Turkish parliamentary committee approved a bill that strips deputies of immunity from prosecution, paving the way for legislation that members of the pro-Kurdish opposition say is designed to target them and suppress dissent.
The Islamist purge of the AKP begins | Today's Zaman
Former President Abdullah Gül and ex-Foreign Minister Yaşar Yakış, who are both founders of the Justice and Development Party (AK Party), were removed from the list of founders after they recently leveled criticism against both President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and the party over what they called Turkey's current misguided domestic and foreign policy.
Tax collectors to demand facial recognition ID
Vladimir Putin held talks at the Kremlin with President of the Islamic Republic of Iran Sayyid Ebrahim Raisi.
These Are Your Picks For The Best Autobahn Cruisers
Indian Farmers Struggle, Successes, Lessons & Future
Pro-Israel Canadians pressure Ottawa over Iran
Russia is right: The West promised not to enlarge NATO & these promises were broken
Ukraine: Russia is not the problem…and other commentary
News and analysis headlines for week ending January 17, 2022
واشنطن تهدد «الكيانات المساهمة في التصعيد» باليمن
الصدر يتهم «مدّعي المقاومة» باستهداف العراقيين
وفد إسرائيلي في الخرطوم لإجراء «محادثات أمنية»
«أفريكوم»: «فاغنر» صفقة سيئة
«طبيب التعذيب» السوري أمام القضاء الألماني
Peter Dutton takes an extraordinary swipe at China and Russia amid concerns of invasion: 'Bullies'
Blinken, German Chancellor discuss Ukraine crisis, China challenges
The Graphic Truth: How do US presidents do in their first year?
Russia spreading disinformation to present...
Navy Separates Two More Sailors for COVID-19 Vaccine Refusal
New Zealand, Australian Navies Deploy for Tongan Disaster Relief
Investigation says Pope Benedict XVI mishandled reports of child sex abuse in 1970s, '80s


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R. Larry Todd
R. Larry Todd is Arts and Sciences Professor of Music and former chair of the music department at Duke University. His books include Fanny Hensel, the Other Mendelssohn (2010) and Mendelssohn: A Life in Music (2003), which was named "Best Biography of 2003" by the Association of American Publishers. He is a former fellow of the John Hope Franklin Humanities Institute and recipient of fellowships from the Guggenheim Foundation and National Humanities Center. A graduate of Yale University, Todd studied piano at the Yale School of Music.
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Rehearsing Philadelphia, new commission by Ari Benjamin Meyers
Under the direction of composer and artist Ari Benjamin Meyers, artists from various creative practices come together for a collaborative performance project that highlights the ability of sound and art to connect audiences across Philadelphia.
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What if an Art Collection Were Treated Like a Choreographic or Musical Score?
For the Philadelphia Museum of Art's 2016 "Museum as Score" symposium, curator Carlos Basualdo contemplates the idea of a museum as a choreographic score.
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Stories of Refuge from ear-whispered: works by Tania El Khoury
Bryn Mawr College presents Stories of Refuge at Twelve Gates Arts, part of ear-whispered: works by Tania El Khoury.
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Drexel University Westphal College
Drexel University's Antoinette Westphal College of Media Arts & Design fosters the study, exploration, and management of the arts: media, design, the performing, and visual.
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Welcome to Yuba City
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OutBeat Jazz Festival: The Bill Stewart Quartet
The William Way LGBT Community Center presents *OutBeat: America's First Queer Jazz Festival*. The Festival continues with the Bill Stewart Quartet at Painted Bride Art Center.
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Philadelphia Museum of Art's Anne d'Harnoncourt Symposium, "Museum as Score"
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ear-whispered: works by Tania El Khoury
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Hello Blackout!
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Pew Fellows News: James Ijames Wins Kesselring Prize, Susan Lankin-Watts Premieres Soul Songs: Inspiring Women of Klezmer, Alex Da Corte's Carnegie International Installation Featured in ARTNEWS, and More
In October, our Pew Fellows news roundup includes a Bessie Award and Kesselring Prize, the premiere of a new musical composition, artists on tour around the country, and more. See the latest updates in our news roundup below.
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You can never make all the germs in your life go away. A strong immune system is your best defense. And sometimes getting sick is a good thing!
Hi there, it's Elaine Gardner, the founder of DesignYourHealthyLife.com. It seems like everyone is afraid of getting sick these days. And I'm not talking about long-term illnesses, I'm talking about short-term illnesses like colds, viruses and flus. Especially when other people are sick around them, there's a lot of fear I see in people that they're going to come down with it. And they get upset with those people for spreading germs, and they're washing their hands like crazy or using antibacterial wipes and things of that nature. But they're overlooking the basic physiology in terms of how your body works, and that it's not always a bad thing to get sick.
So I'm going to, hopefully, help you shift your mindset. There's so many different scenarios, it's a little difficult to cover everything, but being sick is not always a bad thing. Bugs are prolific; they're around us all the time. Some of them are good, some of them are bad. Trying to rage war and kill all the bugs is a war that can't be won. They are very… I don't want to use the word intelligent because obviously they can't think, but all of the entities fight for survival. So microorganisms, bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites – are very adaptive. They work hard to stay alive and they're always changing and adapting to their environment so they can stay alive.
While basic hand washing is a very wise thing to do, we tend to go overboard with those hand sanitizers and antibacterial wipes. I don't think those things are going to win the war against germs because they're always going to adapt and change so those things are going to be ineffective in combating them. And not only that, those items typically contain things that are damaging to the human body. So I don't recommend hand sanitizers. While there are some natural ones that can be helpful, most hand sanitizers and most antibacterial soaps are going to be harmful to the human body, and the microbes will adapt to them so they will be ineffective over time and make the bugs stronger.
What your best tool is, besides those basic sanitary things like changing hand towels, hand washing with regular soap and water, is keeping your immune system strong. We have a very, very sophisticated immune system and it's always working in our favor. But you need to work for it by taking care of your body so you can keep your immune system nice and strong and healthy, so it can do the job it needs to do for you when it gets exposed to those microbes. So that's the first thing to keep in mind in keeping a healthy lifestyle so you can keep your immune system nice and strong.
And there are basic things that we should be doing to enhance our health and our life in other ways as well. Getting enough sleep, (which is so undervalued in our society), eating the right foods, reducing your stress, having joy in your life, just feeling good all around – those things help you feel good and strengthen your immune system. But as I mentioned, it's not always a bad thing to get sick. Yes it always feels bad. Symptoms of colds and flus just feel awful. But again, going back to the fact that microbes are always shifting and changing, and if your body has never been exposed to that particular microbe or this particular version of that microbe, when it does get exposed to it, it needs some time to figure out how to mount an effective defense to defend you and protect your body. And while your body is figuring out what that microbe is and how to defeat it, you're going to feel sick.
Some symptoms, one way or another, whether mild, moderate, severe, short-term, long-term – it really depends on the strength of your body going into it, the strength of your immune system, and then whatever microbe is going around at that particular time. But if you support your body during that time when you're not feeling well and let your immune system do its job, then it will have figured out how to defeat that microorganism. And so the next time it sees it, it's going to react to it so much more quickly, that you should not have to experience those same symptoms to that same degree, intensity or duration if you've been keeping your immune system nice and strong and healthy.
So there's definitely an upside to getting sick that nobody ever talks about it seems. So I just want to encourage that shift in your in your mindset for you to take care of your body and your immune system on a daily basis, and not always to view microbes as a bad thing. We're never going to defeat them, they're always going to be around us. Having a good, strong immune system and letting it do its job, is a really, really positive healthy thing to do.
So I hope that serves you well. As always, I want you to have all the tools you need to get as strong and healthy as possible, so you can have the health you need to live the life that you deserve.


The biomass of natural populations and biomass under cultured conditions in shrimp ponds of the green alga Caulerpa sertularioides (Chlorophyta, Bryopsidales) was evaluated during March-December 2010 and January- June 2011. The algal biomass in the estuary was collected monthly at low tide using 625 cm2 quadrants. Water quality variables, such as dissolved oxygen, salinity, temperature, Secchi disk, NO3 -, NH3 and PO4 3-, were taken simultaneously with algal samples. Algal biomass was taken to the lab to remove debris. Afterward, wet and dry weights were obtained to get final biomass. Relative growth rate (RGR% d-1) in ponds as well as physicochemical variables was evaluated weekly. Growth rates of plants registered a mean of 1.69 % day-1 (± 0.97). There were no significant differences (p = 0.315) in terms of biomass of C. sertularioides between Natal and Pajal creeks, showing averages between 4.09 and 4.67 g cm-2. Algal biomass showed significant differences between seasons (p = 0.000039), with highest values recorded between July and September. Salinity in Natal creek showed a direct relationship with seasonal variation of algal biomass (p = 0.019), with highest values of biomass in July-September related to higher levels of salinity in the study area. In contrast, salinity values and algal biomass in Pajal creek did not show significant relationship (p = 0.97). Nitrates, ammonia nitrogen, and orthophosphate were not significant with respect to changes in algal biomass (p = 0.93; p = 0.33; p = 0.55, respectively). Significant differences (p = 0.0021) between biomass of natural populations and algal biomass in shrimp ponds were reported, with higher values in cultured conditions, being those three times the biomass of natural creeks. Values of algal biomass from natural creeks suggested the importance of perform culture techniques, since natural populations would not sustain a commercial exploitation of this species. This study reports the first data of growth of a potential algal species and it is necessary to develop additional experiments to assess the impact of additional environmental factors on the relative growth rate.


Professionaw sports weagues are organized in numerous ways. The two most significant types are one dat devewoped in Europe, characterised by a tiered structure using promotion and rewegation to determine participation in a hierarchy of weagues or divisions, and a Norf American originated modew characterized by its use of "franchises," cwosed memberships, and minor weagues. Bof dese systems remain most common in deir area of origin, awdough bof systems are used worwdwide.
The term weague has many different meanings in different areas around de worwd, and its use for different concepts can make comparisons confusing. Usuawwy a weague is a group of teams dat pway each oder during de season, uh-hah-hah-hah. It is awso often used for de name of de governing body dat oversees de weague, as in America's Major League Basebaww or Engwand's Footbaww League. Because most European footbaww cwubs participate in different competitions during a season, reguwar-season home-and-away games are often referred to as weague games and de oders as non-weague or cup games, even dough de separate competitions may be organised by de same governing body. Awso, dere is a rugby footbaww code cawwed rugby weague, which is distinct from rugby union.
Professionaw sports weagues in Norf America comprise a stipuwated number of teams, known as franchises, which fiewd one team each. The franchises have territoriaw rights, usuawwy excwusive territories warge enough to cover major metropowitan areas, so dat dey have no wocaw rivaws. New teams may enter de competition onwy by a vote of current members; typicawwy, a new pwace is put up for bid by wouwd-be owners. This system is often cawwed a "franchise system." It was introduced in basebaww wif de formation of de Nationaw League in 1876[NB 1] and water adopted by de oder Norf American weagues.
Awdough member teams are corporate entities separate from deir weagues, dey operate onwy under weague auspices. Norf American teams do not pway competitive games against outside opponents, except in occasionaw preseason exhibition games overseas.
The weagues operate in a cwosed-system and do not have promotion and rewegation. It is organised in a way dat assures de teams' continued existence in de weague from year to year. On occasion a weague may decide to grow by admitting a new expansion team into de weague. Most of de teams in de four major Norf American weagues were created as part of a pwanned weague expansion or drough de merger of a rivaw weague. Onwy a handfuw of teams in de Nationaw Hockey League, for exampwe, existed before becoming part of de NHL. The rest of de teams were created ex novo as expansion teams or as charter members of de Worwd Hockey Association, which merged wif de NHL in 1979.
The best teams in a given season reach a pwayoff tournament, and de winner of de pwayoffs is crowned champion of de weague. American and Canadian sports weagues typicawwy have such "pwayoff" systems. These have deir roots in wong travew distances common in US and Canadian sports; to cut down on travew, weagues are typicawwy divided into geographic divisions and feature unbawanced scheduwes wif teams pwaying more matches against opponents in de same division, uh-hah-hah-hah. Due to de unbawanced scheduwe typicaw in US and Canadian weagues, not aww teams face de same opponents, and some teams may not meet during a reguwar season at aww. This resuwts in teams wif identicaw records dat have faced different opponents differing numbers of times, making team records awone an imperfect measure of weague supremacy.
Major League Soccer is technicawwy not an association of franchises but a singwe business entity, dough each team has an owner-operator; de team owners are actuawwy sharehowders in de weague. The weague, not de individuaw teams, contracts wif de pwayers. Unwike teams in de four major sports, severaw Major League Soccer teams qwawify to pway competitive matches in de CONCACAF Champions League against teams from outside de U.S. and Canada, and MLS uses pwaying ruwes set by de internationaw governing body of its sport. MLS fowwowed its own pwaying ruwes untiw 2004, when it adopted FIFA ruwes. Under de auspices of US Soccer and Canadian Soccer Association, respectivewy, de U.S. and Canada have separate knockout cup competitions during de MLS season dat incwude teams from wower weagues. In de U.S., de U.S. Open Cup has had MLS participation from de weague's inception; since de 2012 cup, each competition has featured aww American-based MLS sides. Simiwarwy, aww of Canada's MLS teams compete in de Canadian Championship. However, de weague structure of MLS fowwows de Norf American modew, wif a singwe premier weague and no promotion or rewegation, uh-hah-hah-hah.
Major League Rugby, which began pway in 2018 as de second attempt to waunch a professionaw rugby union competition in de U.S., has a business structure identicaw to dat of MLS. It is a singwe business entity, wif each team owner-operator being a weague sharehowder, and aww pwayer contracts are hewd by de weague. Awso simiwar to MLS, MLR uses pwaying ruwes set by its sport's internationaw governing body. However, MLR teams do not pway competitive matches against teams from oder weagues, and dere is currentwy no cup competition in U.S. rugby simiwar to soccer's U.S. Open Cup. The MLR weague structure awso fowwows de Norf American modew of one premier weague widout promotion and rewegation, uh-hah-hah-hah.
A more rarewy seen business modew in Norf America is de pure singwe-entity weague, typified by de now-defunct XFL, where dere are no individuaw owners or investors, wif aww teams centrawwy owned and operated by de weague. Many upstart weagues begin deir existence as pure singwe-entity weagues before dey secure investors for teams (such as de NWHL) or are forced to operate in de pure singwe-entity modew when investors faiw to materiawize (such as de Stars Footbaww League).
Many Norf American systems have a secondary or minor weague but widout promotion and rewegation of teams between dem. Often a minor weague team is partwy or whowwy owned by a major weague team, or affiwiated wif one, and utiwized for pwayer devewopment. For exampwe, Major League Basebaww has an affiwiation wif Minor League Basebaww. The minor cwubs do not move up or down in de hierarchy by on-fiewd success or faiwure. Professionaw ice hockey has a system somewhat simiwar to basebaww's (widout as many wevews), whiwe de Nationaw Basketbaww Association operates a singwe NBA G League. The Nationaw Footbaww League does not have a minor weague system as of 2011 but it has operated or affiwiated wif minor weagues in de 1930s, 1940s, 1960s, 1990s, and de earwy 2000s and invested in one in de wate 2000s.
To prevent confwicts of interest, most Norf American sports weagues dat operate on de franchise system do not awwow individuaw owners to howd more dan one franchise at once. In 1899, when de Cwevewand Spiders were bought out by a rivaw team and had its roster raided, weading to de remains of de Spiders organization being stuffed wif subpar tawent and setting records for futiwity. Most such weagues awso use revenue sharing and a sawary cap or wuxury tax system in an effort to maintain a wevew of parity between franchises.
The promotion of weww-performing teams to higher-wevew weagues or divisions and de rewegation of poorwy performing teams to wower-wevew weagues or divisions.
European footbaww cwubs are members bof of a weague and of a governing body. In de case of Engwand, aww competitive footbaww cwubs are members of The Footbaww Association, whiwe de top 20 teams awso are members of de Premier League, a separate organization, uh-hah-hah-hah. The 72 teams in de dree wevews bewow de Premier League are members of stiww anoder body, de Engwish Footbaww League. The FA operates de nationaw footbaww team and tournaments dat invowve teams from different weagues (except de EFL Cup, operated by de Engwish Footbaww League and open to its own teams and dose in de Premier League). In conjunction wif FIFA and oder countries' governing bodies, it awso sets de pwaying ruwes and de ruwes under which teams can seww pwayers' contracts to oder cwubs.
The ruwes or Laws of de Game are determined by de Internationaw Footbaww Association Board.
The Premier League negotiates tewevision contracts for its games. However, awdough de nationaw weague wouwd be de dominating competition in which a cwub might participate, dere are many non-weague fixtures a cwub might pway in a given year. In European footbaww dere are nationaw cup competitions, which are singwe ewimination knock-out tournaments, are pwayed every year and aww de cwubs in de weague participate. Awso, de best performing cwubs from de previous year may participate in pan-European tournaments such as de UEFA Champions League, operated by de Union of European Footbaww Associations. A Premier League team might pway a weague game one week, and an FA Cup game against a team from a wower-wevew weague de next, fowwowed by an EFL Cup game against a team in de EFL, and den a fourf game might be against a team from across Europe in de Champions League.
The promotion and rewegation system is generawwy used to determine membership of weagues. Most commonwy, a pre-determined number of teams dat finish de bottom of a weague or division are automaticawwy dropped down, or rewegated, to a wower wevew for de next season, uh-hah-hah-hah. They are repwaced by teams who are promoted from dat wower tier eider by finishing wif de best records or by winning a pwayoff. In Engwand, in de 2010–2011 season, de teams Birmingham City, Bwackpoow and West Ham United were rewegated from de Premier League to de Footbaww League Championship, de second wevew of Engwish footbaww. They were repwaced by de top two teams from de second wevew, Queens Park Rangers and Norwich City, bof of which won automatic promotion, as weww as Swansea City (a Wewsh cwub dat pways in de Engwish system), which won a pwayoff tournament of de teams dat finished dird drough sixf. In de 2011–12 season, de teams Wowverhampton Wanderers, Bwackburn, and Bowton were rewegated to de Championship. They were repwaced by Reading, Soudampton, and West Ham. The two former teams had won automatic promotion, whiwe de watter occupied de wast promotion spot when dey defeated Cardiff 5-0 on aggregate in de semifinaws, and defeated Bwackpoow 2-1 at de finaw in Wembwey Stadium.
The system originated in Engwand in 1888 when twewve cwubs decided to create a professionaw Footbaww League. It den expanded by merging wif de Footbaww Awwiance in 1892, wif de majority of de Awwiance teams occupying de wower Second Division, due to de divergent strengds of de teams. As dis differentiaw was overcome over de next five years, de winners of de Second Division went into a pwayoff wif de worst pwaced team in de First Division, and if dey won, were promoted into de top tier. The first cwub to achieve promotion was Sheffiewd United, which repwaced de rewegated Accrington F.C.
Rewegation often has devastating financiaw conseqwences for cwub owners who not onwy wose TV, sponsorship and gate income but may awso see de asset vawue of deir shares in de cwub cowwapse. Some weagues offer a "parachute payment" to its rewegated teams for de fowwowing years in order to protect dem from bankruptcy. If a team is promoted back to de higher tier de fowwowing year den de parachute payment for de second season is distributed among de teams of de wower division, uh-hah-hah-hah. There is of course a corresponding bonanza for promoted cwubs.
The weague does not choose which cities are to have teams in de top division, uh-hah-hah-hah. For exampwe, Leeds, de fourf-biggest city in Engwand, saw deir team, Leeds United, rewegated from de Premier League to de Championship in 2004, and rewegated again to de dird-tier League One in 2007 before returning to de Championship in 2010, where dey remain to dis day. Leeds wiww remain widout a Premiership team as wong as it takes for United, or in deory any oder wocaw cwub, to pway weww enough to be promoted into de Premiership. Famouswy, de French Ligue 1 wacked a team from Paris, France's capitaw and wargest city, for some years. Likewise, Berwin cwubs in de Bundeswiga have been rare, due to de richer cwubs being aww wocated in de former West Germany.
As weww as having no right to being in a certain tier, a cwub awso has no territoriaw rights to its own area. A successfuw new team in a geographicaw wocation can come to dominate de incumbents. In Munich, for exampwe, TSV 1860 München were initiawwy more successfuw dan de city's current biggest team Bayern München. As of de current 2018–19 season, London has 11 teams in de top four weague wevews, incwuding six Premier League teams.
Cwubs may be sowd privatewy to new owners at any time, but dis does not happen often where cwubs are based on community membership and agreement. Such cwubs reqwire agreement from members who, unwike sharehowders of corporations, have priorities oder dan money when it comes to deir footbaww cwub such as tradition or wocaw identity. For simiwar reasons, rewocation of cwubs to oder cities is very rare. This is mostwy because virtuawwy aww cities and towns in Europe have a footbaww cwub of some sort, de size and strengf of de cwub usuawwy rewative to de town's size and importance. Buying an existing top-fwight cwub and moving it to a new wocation is probwematic, as de supporters of de town's originaw cwub are unwikewy to switch awwegiance to an interwoper. This means anyone wanting ownership of a high ranked cwub in deir native city must buy a wocaw cwub as it stands and work it up drough de divisions, usuawwy by hiring better tawent. There have been some cases where existing owners have chosen to rewocate out of a difficuwt market, to better faciwities, or simpwy to reawize de market vawue of de wand dat de current stadium is buiwt upon, uh-hah-hah-hah. As in de U.S., team rewocations have been controversiaw as supporters of de cwub wiww protest at its woss.
A rare exampwe of a Norf American weague dat is attempting to devewop a European-stywe modew is de Canadian Premier League, set to waunch in 2019 as a purewy domestic top-fwight soccer weague, sharing said status wif MLS. Unwike oder Norf American weagues, de CPL is operating on a cwub-based modew. Whiwe it wiww begin as a singwe weague, it pwans to eventuawwy adopt promotion and rewegation, uh-hah-hah-hah.
Leagues around de worwd generawwy fowwow one or de oder of dese systems wif some variation, uh-hah-hah-hah. Most sport weagues in Austrawia are simiwar to de Norf American modew, using post-season pwayoffs and no rewegation, but widout geographicaw divisions, wif de most notabwe exampwes being de Austrawian Footbaww League (Aussie ruwes) and Nationaw Rugby League (rugby weague). Nippon Professionaw Basebaww in Japan uses de Norf American system due to American infwuence on de game. In cricket, de Indian Premier League, waunched in 2008, awso operates on dis system. The Super League, which is de top wevew of rugby weague in de United Kingdom and France, was run on a franchise basis from 2009 to 2014, but returned to a promotion-rewegation modew wif de 2015 season. Anoder exampwe of a franchised weague in European sport is ice hockey's Kontinentaw Hockey League, centered mainwy in Russia wif teams awso wocated in Bewarus, China, Finwand, Kazakhstan, Latvia, and Swovakia.
The promotion-rewegation system is widewy used in footbaww around de worwd, notabwy in Africa and Latin America as weww as Europe. The most notabwe variation has devewoped in Latin America where many countries have two weague seasons per year, which scheduwing awwows because many Latin American nations wack a nationaw cup competition, uh-hah-hah-hah. Promotion and rewegation has historicawwy been used in oder team sports founded in de United Kingdom, such as rugby union, rugby weague and cricket.
The European modew is awso used in Europe even when de sports were founded in America, showing dat de weague system adopted is not determined by de sport itsewf, but more on de tradition of sports organisation in dat region, uh-hah-hah-hah. Sports such as basketbaww in Spain and Liduania use promotion and rewegation, uh-hah-hah-hah. In de same vein, de Austrawian A-League does not use de pyramid structure normawwy found in footbaww, but instead fowwows de tradition of Austrawian sports having a franchise modew and a post-season pwayoff system dat better suits a country wif a few important centraw wocations where a sport needs to ensure dere is a team pwaying wif no risk of rewegation, uh-hah-hah-hah. Likewise, anoder notabwe exampwe of "European" sports using de American modew is rugby union's Super Rugby, currentwy featuring 15 franchises. Thirteen of dese are from de competition's founding countries of Souf Africa, Austrawia and New Zeawand, and de oder two are teams from Argentina and Japan dat joined de competition in 2016.
In east Asia, pwaces such as Japan, China, Souf Korea and Taiwan have a particuwar differentiation among weagues: "European" sports such as footbaww and rugby use promotion and rewegation, whiwe "American" sports such as basebaww and basketbaww use franchising and minor weagues, wif a few differences varying from country to country. A simiwar situation exists in countries in Centraw America and de Caribbean, where footbaww and basebaww share severaw cwose markets.
A major factor in de devewopment of de Norf American cwosed membership system during de 19f Century was de distances between cities, wif some teams separated by hawf of de Norf American continent, resuwting in high travewing costs. When de Nationaw League of Professionaw Base Baww Cwubs was estabwished in 1876, its founders judged dat in order to prosper, dey must make basebaww's highest wevew of competition a "cwosed shop", wif a strict wimit on de number of teams, and wif each member having excwusive wocaw rights. This guarantee of a pwace in de weague year after year wouwd permit each cwub owner to monopowize fan bases in deir respective excwusive territories and give dem de confidence to invest in infrastructure, such as improved bawwparks. This in turn wouwd guarantee de revenues needed to support travewing across de continent.
In contrast, de shorter distances between urban areas in Engwand awwowed more cwubs to devewop warge fan bases widout incurring de same travew costs as in Norf America. When The Footbaww League, now known as de Engwish Footbaww League, was founded in 1888, it was not intended to be a rivaw of The Footbaww Association but rader de top competition widin it. The new weague was not universawwy accepted as Engwand's top-cawibre competition right away. To hewp win fans of cwubs outside The Footbaww League, a system was estabwished in which de worst teams at de end of each season wouwd need to win re-ewection against any cwubs wishing to join, uh-hah-hah-hah. A rivaw weague, de Footbaww Awwiance, was den formed in 1889. When de two merged in 1892, it was not on eqwaw terms; rader, most of de Awwiance cwubs were put in de new Footbaww League Second Division, whose best teams wouwd move up to de First Division in pwace of its worst teams. Anoder merger, wif de top division of de Soudern League in 1920, hewped form de Third Division in simiwar fashion, firmwy estabwishing de principwe of promotion and rewegation, uh-hah-hah-hah.
^ Before 1876, basebaww cwubs joined de professionaw cwass (1869–1870) or de professionaw association by announcing deir intentions and paying any reqwired fees, an open system.
^ "Steve James: The Twenty20 franchise system simpwy wiww not work". Daiwy Tewegraph, London, UK. 18 Apriw 2010.
^ "ECB head dismissed tawk of Twenty20 franchise system". Taipei Times, Taipei, Taiwan, uh-hah-hah-hah.
^ Shropshire, Kennef L. "The sports franchise game: Cities in pursuit of sports franchises, events, stadiums and arenas"
^ "David Gawwop pwaces consowidation of A-League high on agenda". The Sydney Morning Herawd.
This page was wast edited on 16 Apriw 2019, at 21:40 (UTC).


GI (glycemic index) is used to describe different foods in affecting the blood sugar (glucose). Foods with high GI mean they can spike your blood glucose rapidly! On the other hand, low GI foods are considered safe for diabetics since these foods have the least effect on blood glucose.
Not all high-GI foods are forbidden if you have type-2 diabetes, though you may need to restrict them. Again, the key is eating in moderation.
However, there are also some high-GI foods you may need to avoid. For instance, processed foods such as sugary deserts, packaged cereal, and baked goods are very bad for diabetics.
Foods rich in fiber such as veggies, fruits, whole-wheat flour, nuts, and legumes. Fiber can help you feel full longer, and that's why it is good for your weight control. And healthy weight is important if you have diabetes.
Having diabetes doesn't mean you need to skip carbohydrates. But to keep safe, eat more complex (starches) carbohydrates such as whole grains, brown rice, and legumes. Restrict simple carbohydrates (such as refined sugars) since they can cause a quick impact on your blood sugar to increase.
Heart-healthy foods such as tuna, salmon, and cod are also good for diabetics. They are rich in omega-3 fatty acids that can be so helpful to reduce the risk of heart disease, a common complication from diabetes. Eat them in moderation about 2-3 times a week! But be careful on fish high in mercury such as king mackerel, tilefish, and swordfish. And avoid fried fish, too!
Fat is not always bad, but most of your dietary fat should be healthy fats! Eat more healthy fats (unsaturated fats) such as almonds, walnuts, avocados – and some healthy oils (like peanut, canola, and olive oils).
For summary, here is the list of what you can eat more and which ones you should eat less!
Eat less (avoid these if necessary)! Eat more!
Products low in fat that have replaced fat with more sugar, like fat-free yogurt. High-quality protein like unsweetened yogurt, beans, and eggs.
Processed meat, especially from animals fed with growth hormones or other harmful chemicals. Fish such as salmon and tuna, as noted before. You can also try with organic, free-range turkey or chicken (but skip the skin of chicken since it is high in saturated fats).
White rice, white bread, refined pastas, and sugary cereals (because they are simple carbohydrates). Breads or cereals high in fiber, such as some made from legumes and whole grains.
Fast and packaged foods. Typically, they are high in sugar and also contain other bad properties for your health. Fresh fruits and veggies – the more colorful they are, the better! And it's more recommended to eat the whole fruit than juices.
Foods high in saturated fats and trans-fats such as red meat, the skin of chicken, and deep-fried foods. Again, most of your dietary's fat should come from healthy fats. Eat more flax seeds, avocados, fish oils, olive oil, raw nuts, or whole milk dairy.
Pay attention on salt, too!
Salt (sodium) is another thing you need to concern. In fact, hypertension (high blood pressure) and other problems linked to high-salt diet are also quite common in people with diabetes.
In general, your dietary salt should not be higher than 2,300 mg per day!
The good news, most diabetics are still able to drink alcohol – but only in moderation (not more than 1 drink per day for women, and 2 drinks for men). 1 drink is about 1.5 oz distilled spirits (whiskey, vodka, etc), or 5 oz of wine, or 12 oz beer.
It is usually also recommended to drink only with food (avoid drinking with empty stomach)! For more advice whether alcohol is safe for your blood sugar, check with your doctor!
Control your stress! Many times, this psychological problem is inevitable, but it is actually manageable. Stress can worsen your diabetes, too. Read also some effective stress reducers!
It's also important for diabetics to have a good sleep every day. Sleep deprivation carries numerous health risks.
Avoid tobacco smoke – both from active smoking (if you're a smoker, consider quitting as early as possible) and passive smoking (such as secondhand smoke, you get it from someone else such as when a smoker is smoking around you).
Check your blood pressure and blood cholesterol regularly! Make them under control, too!
And don't forget exercise. Along with your healthy-balanced diet, do exercise regularly!
How to Lose Weight with Diabetes and Hypothyroidism?
Can You Live Long with Type 2 Diabetes?
Is Peripheral Neuropathy Reversible in Diabetic?


Get to know about installing and setting up Microsoft Office 2010 along with Microsoft Office 2007.
The advanced version productivity suite opens new doors for you to provide the best business productivity experience across desktops, browsers, and mobile devices. New features have also been incorporated such as a built-in screen capture tool, a background removal tool, a protected document mode, new SmartArt templates and author permissions. The 2007 'Office' Button is renovated with a menu button that leads you to a full-window file menu, called Backstage View, giving an easy access to perform common tasks such as printing and sharing.
A redesigned Ribbon interface is available in all Microsoft Office applications, including Microsoft Outlook, Microsoft Visio, Microsoft OneNote, Microsoft Project, and Microsoft Publisher. Office applications also support Jump Lists feature in Windows 7, which allows you to easily access frequently used programs and tasks relevant to the application.
When installing MS Office, the setup installation wizard will prompt you to 'upgrade' to uninstall and replace or overwrite Microsoft Office 2007, or any previous versions of Microsoft Office suite or applications installed on your PC.
In order to install Microsoft Office 2010 along with Microsoft Office 2007 side by side, you need to install MS Office in a different directory or folder, so that the existing Microsoft Office 2007 program files don't get overwritten. Use the following instructions to install Office 2010 with Microsoft Office 2007 so that both the productivity suites can be run simultaneously without generating any conflict error.
STEP 1: Run MS Office 2010 installation wizard. Select Customize when asked to choose the preferred type of 2010 installation of either "Upgrade" or "Customize".
STEP 2 : Click Browse and locate different installation directory path for Microsoft Office 2010 which is not the same with existing Microsoft Office installation path. For example, C:Program Files Office 2010.
STEP 3 : The setup will install Microsoft Office 2010 files and will not affect Microsoft Office 2007 and any other previous versions of Microsoft Office suites.
Tip: Once the installation is completed, the default documents, spreadsheets, presentations and other files will be changed in Microsoft Office 2010 file format, but it can be changed manually via Control Panel. A simpler method is to reinstall Microsoft Office 2007, and allow it to repair Microsoft Office 2007 installation.
Remember that although both Office 2010 and Office 2007 can be installed together, Microsoft Outlook 2007 and Microsoft Outlook 2010 will not work simultaneously. Only one version of Microsoft Outlook can be installed at the same time. Consequently, Microsoft Outlook 2007 will be uninstalled leaving only Microsoft Outlook 2010.
Users who prefer to install MS Office 2010 without removing MS Office 2007 can also download config.MSP Windows Installed Patch setup customization file which already been designed to keep existing Microsoft Office components and applications.


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You are here: Home / LGBT Romance / Review of Mr. Frosty Pants by Leta Blake
Review of Mr. Frosty Pants by Leta Blake
December 13, 2018 by Roger Hyttinen Leave a Comment
Mr. Frosty Pants follows Casey who, when he left for college four years ago, ghosted his best friend, Joel. Casey had just come out to his parents which didn't go all that well, and he decided not to go through the same thing with Joel. It's also worth mentioning that he was and still is very much in love with Joel and didn't want to risk Joel finding that out.
Now as for Joel, he's curmudgeonly, ill-tempered and unapproachable, so much so that his employee at the hardware store that Joel owns has nicknamed him "Mr. Frosty Pants." Joel initially comes across as a wholly unlikable character. But given that the story is told from alternating POVs, we learn the reason for Joel's standoffishness: he's been severely hurt in the past by his despicable and abusive father, leading to an overall feeling of unworthiness on his part as he struggles merely to survive day by day.
We also learn that he's also not quite as straight as Casey believes and that he's also been in love with and pining for Casey for years.
Still, when Casey shows up at Joel's store with the intention of renewing their friendship, Joel wants nothing to do with him gives him more than a frosty reception. He certainly has no intention of telling Casey about how he feels about him and does his best to drive the man off. Joel thinks that Casey has no place in his life now, especially given that they come from two different classes; Casey from new money and Joel struggling to afford his next meal (Casey's snobbish parents also do not approve of Joel and their son's friendship with him). Joel believes that it would be easier on his heart if he kept Casey at a distance.
But Casey is not so easily rebuffed, especially once he learns from a mutual friend that Joel may have romantic feelings for him as well.
What follows is a sweet, slow-burn romance with two very complicated characters as Casey is determined to win Joel's trust whereas Joel is determined to keep the gate protecting his heart firmly closed. Add to that class differences, homophobic parents and elitism, we quickly see that it's not going to be an easy road for our main characters. Though this is a holiday romance, it's not a typical one in that we see a little more angst in this story than one usually sees in Christmas romances but the overall result is worth it, and we end up with an intense, hard-hitting tale with plenty of heart.
I typically enjoy the friends to lovers trope and this novel was no exception. I loved seeing the relationship slowly bloom between Casey and Joel as barriers are torn down and trust earned. It's a lovely story about opening one's heart and taking a chance on love. There are several tropes in this book that work together wonderfully: childhood friends-to-lovers, second chances, ex-best friends, unrequited love, lovers reunited and rich boy vs. poor boy all of which, combined with the atmosphere of Christmas, add to the richness and depth of this tale.
Mr. Frosty Pants ended up being a story of redemption, acceptance and second changes that was heartbreaking in places and joyful in others. It's not a fluffy or cheesy story but rather a hopeful, deep and fulfilling one about two characters discovering themselves. Their relationship felt authentic to me and their character traits believable and realistic, which wasn't surprising given how complicated and multi-faceted each of them was. The intimate scenes are also tastefully done and in perfect proportion to the rest of the story.
All in all, a beautiful, heartfelt M/M Christmas story. Recommended!
Purchase Mr. Frosty Pants from Amazon
Filed Under: LGBT Romance


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The National Museum of Fine Arts in Rio de Janeiro is one of the most important museums in Brazil. In fact, having been the country's capital for so many years, has turned the city of Rio de Janeiro into Brazil's cultural and artistic birthplace, which today hosts great works to stop by, especially one we are going to tell you about later.
In the early nineteenth century, the then Prince Regent John VI was the one who laid the foundations of the first collection, thanks to the large number of works of art he brought with him when he arrived in Brazil, along with the rest of the Portuguese court. He founded the Royal School of Sciences, Arts and Crafts, which, with the arrival of the republic, was renamed as National School of Fine Arts.
In the early twentieth century, during the urban reform carried out on the streets of Rio, erection of the new headquarters of the National School of Fine Arts was started. Inspired by the impressive Louvre Museum in Paris, the Spanish architect, Adolfo Morales de los Rios, reflected on the building the ideal of French aesthetics, and, though the initial project was modified several times by other architects, the final design is a balanced mix of what is considered as neoclassicism as well as French and Italian renaissance.
Of the main façade, apart from the pediment, the colonnades and the terracotta reliefs evoking ancient civilisations, we would highlight the medallions painted by Henrique Bernardelli, showing a group of Brazilian and French artists.
The rear façade is strictly neoclassical and, just like the main façade, it is decorated with reliefs. The building's side façades, however, are characterised by an Italian renaissance style, are decorated with mosaics including figures of relevant thinkers and artists of antiquity, such as Vasari, Vitruvius and Leonardo da Vinci.
Its impressive exterior, together with the exquisitely decorated interior with flamboyant yet elegant nuances, such as the use of marble, French ceramics, glass and mosaics, contributed to the building being declared the city's national heritage in 1973.
Located where the National School of Fine Arts was formerly located, the museum consists of more than 6500 square metres of exhibition area, with eighteen thousand works of art, among which you will find sculptures, engravings and paintings both linked to Brazilian art and international art. Most of the collections of the National Museum of Fine Arts are made up of European art, especially French, Italian, Portuguese, German and Spanish. The oldest painting you can find dates from the thirteenth century, but the vast majority of art works revolve around the nineteenth century.
We highlight the museum's top floor, where you can find the huge gallery of nineteenth-century Brazilian Art, which exhibits paintings and sculptures by national and foreign artists. Among the most important works are the paintings by Victor Meireles, "The First Mass in Brazil", which was the first work by a Brazilian artist to be exhibited at the Paris Salon in 1861, and "The Battle of Guararapes", representing the fight against the Dutch in Pernambuco.
And, at last, we reveal the work you absolutely have to see. In the gallery itself, you can admire the largest canvas that has ever been painted in the history of Brazilian art, entitled "The Battle of Avaí" by Pedro Américo, which represents a dramatic episode of the war against Paraguay. Incidentally, the painter portrayed himself in the foreground dressed as a soldier, with the number 33 on his cap.
The last wing of the gallery exhibits works of the so-called "Indianismo", a branch of the Romantic movement, whose works were inspired by epics, in this case based on indigenous topics. For instance, the extraordinary painting "Iracema" by José María de Medeiros.
The museum is imbued by art inside and outside.
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The paper proposes a novel way to handle the relation between decision theory and uncertainty in the context of policy design. Present risk governance is based primarily on two institutions – insurance markets and public risk governance – supported by a powerful theory: the expected utility approach to risk. New systemic risks like those of nuclear war, pandemics, climate change and global financial breakdowns call for further progress. Such progress is feasible because recent research has developed ways to address the basic difficulties of expected utility without loosing its valuable insights. They involve three major advances. First, to introduce a risk function that generalizes expected utility so as to overcome well-known difficulties like the Allais paradox. Second, to embed expected utility in a framework of iterated network games so as to take into account the social learning processes that are essential for real world risk governance. And third, to accommodate the logic of complementary descriptions called for by the new systemic risks. The coming breakthrough in risk research may best be achieved by bringing these advances to bear on practical efforts aiming at integrated risk governance.


LONDON — Fernando Torres got his reward for an irrepressible display that he has rarely produced for Chelsea when he scored a last-minute winner after a defensive mix-up in a 2-1 Premier League victory over Manchester City on Sunday.
The Spain striker, who set up Andre Schuerrle's first-half goal, missed a sitter and also struck the woodwork, gleefully fired into an empty net after City defender Matija Nastasic's header back to Joe Hart went sailing past the outrushing keeper.
Sergio Aguero had levelled soon after halftime for City as victory lifted Chelsea back up to second place, level on 20 points with Liverpool and two behind leaders Arsenal.
"In a game like this against a great team in the last minutes it tastes much better to score. We controlled the game and created many chances but Sergio Aguero can score goals at any time," Torres told Sky Sports.
Roberto Soldado's 80th-minute penalty secured Tottenham Hotspur a 1-0 home win over Hull City and lifted them up to fourth, while Sunderland moved off the foot of the table after substitute Fabio Borini lashed in a superb late winner in a 2-1 derby victory over Newcastle United.
Italian Borini, on loan from Liverpool, lifted the gloom at the Stadium of Light when he thundered a 25-metre rocket past a flailing Tim Krul six minutes from time to hand Sunderland a first league win of the season.
Torres's late goal had manager Jose Mourinho celebrating with fans in the stands and left City manager Manuel Pellegrini stony-faced and in no mood to shake the Portuguese's hand after the final whistle.
City had the better of the second half, levelling when Aguero ran on to Samir Nasri's pass to smash a shot past Petr Cech for his sixth goal in the last four league games.
"From tomorrow, we will think about the best way to stop the problems of losing away," Pellegrini said after a defeat which left City in seventh place.
Hull defended stoutly to frustrate Spurs at White Hart Lane but their resistance was broken when Jan Vertonghen's cross hit the arms of Ahmed Elmohamady and Soldado scored from the spot.
Relieved Sunderland manager Gus Poyet hailed his side's win over Newcastle as a stepping stone to brighter times.
"It gives us everything. We needed something. Now there are no excuses, we can go next week and win another game and continue to improve," the Uruguayan said.
Darren Fletcher headed the hosts into an early lead but Mathieu Debuchy equalized from Hatem Ben Arfa's cross on 57 minutes.
Swansea City and West Ham United drew 0-0 in Sunday's other game, the London side's striker Ricardo Vaz Te suffering a dislocated shoulder according to manager Sam Allardyce.


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