text:
Cinderella est une comédie musicale écrite pour la télévision, mais plus tard jouée sur scène, avec de la musique de Richard Rodgers et un livret et des paroles d'Oscar Hammerstein II. Il est basé sur le conte de fées Cendrillon, en particulier la version française de Charles Perrault. L'histoire parle d'une jeune femme contrainte à une vie de servitude par sa cruelle belle-mère et ses demi-sœurs égocentriques, qui rêve d'une vie meilleure. Avec l'aide de sa fée marraine, Cendrillon se transforme en princesse et retrouve son prince.

Cinderella est la seule comédie musicale de Rodgers et Hammerstein écrite pour la télévision. Elle a été initialement diffusée en direct sur CBS le  et présentait Julie Andrews dans le rôle-titre. L'émission a été vue par plus de 100 millions de personnes. Il a ensuite été refait pour la télévision à deux reprises, en 1965 et 1997. La version de 1965 mettait en vedette Lesley Ann Warren et Stuart Damon. La version de 1997 mettait en vedette Brandy Norwood dans le rôle-titre, avec Whitney Houston comme la fée marraine. Les deux remakes ajoutent des chansons d'autres comédies musicales de Richard Rodgers.

La comédie musicale a été adaptée pour la scène dans un certain nombre de versions, y compris une adaptation pantomime dans le West End, une production de l'Opéra de New York qui suit de près la version télévisée originale et diverses productions en tournée. Une adaptation de 2013 à Broadway mettait en vedette Laura Osnes et Santino Fontana, avec un nouveau livret de Douglas Carter Beane.

Histoire
Dans les années 1950, les adaptations télévisées de comédies musicales étaient assez courantes. Des versions diffusées d'Annie Get Your Gun, Wonderful Town, Anything Goes et Kiss Me, Kate ont toutes été vues au cours de la décennie. En 1955, NBC avait diffusé la comédie musicale Peter Pan de Broadway, mettant en vedette Mary Martin. Ce fut un succès et le réseau recherchait des projets musicaux plus axés sur la famille. Richard Rodgers avait précédemment fourni la partition primée aux Emmy Awards pour Victory at Sea, une série documentaire sur la Seconde Guerre mondiale. NBC approche Rodgers et Hammerstein et leur demande d'écrire une comédie musicale originale expressément pour la télévision (plutôt que d'adapter simplement une pièce existante au format spécial de la télévision). L'équipe a décidé d'adapter le conte de fées Cendrillon et, nouveau à la télévision, ils ont demandé l'avis d'un initié de l'industrie, Richard Lewine. Lewine était alors le vice-président chargé de la télévision couleur chez CBS. Il a dit à Rodgers et Hammerstein que CBS cherchait également un projet musical et avait déjà signé avec Julie Andrews, qui jouait alors dans My Fair Lady à Broadway. Rodgers a rappelé, dans son autobiographie :  Rodgers et Hammerstein signent avec CBS.

Ils conservent la propriété de l'émission et avaient le contrôle sur le casting, la mise en scène, le décor et les costumes, tandis que CBS contrôlait les aspects techniques de l'émission et avait une option pour une deuxième émission. CBS a annoncé la production le . En adaptant le célèbre conte de fées, . Hammerstein a été interviewé par le Saturday Review à propos de l'adaptation :  La comédie musicale devait s'inscrire dans le programme de 90 minutes avec six pauses publicitaires, elle a donc été divisée en six courts actes. Dans une interview avec Time Magazine, Hammerstein a déclaré : .

Les répétitions ont commencé le . Le réalisateur Ralph Nelson, lauréat d'un Emmy Award, et le chorégraphe Jonathan Lucas étaient tous deux expérimentés. L'ami de Rodgers, Robert Russell Bennett, a fourni les orchestrations. Alfredo Antonini, un vétéran de CBS, a mis en scène. Début mars, la société a déménagé au CBS Television Color Studio 72, le premier studio couleur CBS-TV à New York et le plus petit studio couleur de l'empire CBS à l'époque. Les 56 interprètes, 33 musiciens et 80 techniciens et équipage ont travaillé entassés dans le petit studio avec quatre RCA TK-40A géants, des caméras de télévision couleur, une armoire pouvant contenir jusqu'à 100 costumes, plus d'une demi-douzaine d'énormes décors et de nombreux accessoires et équipements d'effets spéciaux. L'orchestre a joué dans une petite salle avec un équipement spécial pour surmonter le manque d'acoustique. CBS a investi dans une campagne de marketing massive, tout comme les sponsors. Ed Sullivan a également promu le spectacle, qui serait vu dans son créneau horaire habituel du dimanche soir, avec une apparition de Richard Rodgers et Oscar Hammerstein II le dimanche précédent. Il a été diffusé en direct le .

Synopsis

Acte I
Sur la place du village, le crieur public proclame : «Le prince donne un bal» pour célébrer le 21 anniversaire du prince Christopher. Les dames du royaume sont ravies à la perspective de le rencontrer. Cendrillon, dont le père est décédé, prend soin de la maison de sa belle-mère et de ses demi-sœurs de mauvaise humeur et égoïstes. Elle porte tous leurs colis pour eux, et quand ils rentrent chez eux, tous les trois commandent Cendrillon. Restée seule dans son coin près du feu, elle rêve de vivre une vie exotique en princesse ou autre chose qu'une servante (In My Own Little Corner). Pendant ce temps, le roi et la reine se préparent pour la grande célébration (Royal Dressing Room Scene) et les serviteurs discutent de la planification de la fête (Your Majesties). Ils espèrent que leur fils trouvera une épouse convenable, mais le prince craint un peu de rencontrer toutes les femmes avides du royaume. La reine est touchée en entendant la discussion du roi avec son fils et lui dit qu'elle l'aime (Boys and Girls Like You and Me [parfois omis, chanté dans aucune des émissions]).

Alors que les demi-sœurs de Cendrillon se préparent pour le bal, espérant qu'elles attireront l'attention du prince, elles se moquent des rêves de Cendrillon. Après leur départ, Cendrillon s'imagine être partie avec eux (In My Own Little Corner (reprise)). La fée marraine de Cendrillon apparaît et est émue par le souhait de Cendrillon d'aller au bal. Elle transforme Cendrillon en une jeune femme magnifiquement habillée et ses petites amies souris et une citrouille en une voiture étincelante avec des valets de pied (Impossible; It's Possible); Cendrillon part pour le bal.

Acte II
Cendrillon arrive au palais à 22h30 ; avant qu'elle n'entre, sa marraine l'avertit de ne pas rester après minuit. Le prince s'ennuie de l'attention de toutes les jeunes filles avec lesquelles il a dû danser, y compris les demi-sœurs. La grande entrée de Cendrillon attire immédiatement l'attention de tous et intrigue le prince. Ils dansent ensemble et tombent instantanément amoureux (Ten Minutes Ago). Voyant le Prince avec une beauté qu'elles ne reconnaissent pas, les demi-sœurs demandent pourquoi il ne préférerait pas une fille «ordinaire» comme elles (Stepsisters' Lament). Pendant que le Prince et Cendrillon dansent, il déclare son amour pour elle (Do I Love You Because You're Beautiful?). Alors qu'ils s'embrassent, l'horloge sonne minuit et Cendrillon s'enfuit avant que la magie ne se dissipe,

Acte III
Le lendemain matin, la belle-mère et les demi-sœurs de Cendrillon se remémorent le bal et découvrent que Cendrillon est très intuitive sur ce que cela a dû être d'aller au bal (When You're Driving Through the Moonlight) et de danser avec le prince (A Lovely Night). Pendant ce temps, le Prince est à la recherche de la femme avec qui il a dansé et qui s'est enfuie si vite du bal. Un des gardes royaux essaie la pantoufle sur toutes les femmes du royaume (The Search). Chez Cendrillon, la pantoufle ne conviendra à aucune des dames. La belle-mère de Cendrillon essaie de détourner le garde de Cendrillon, mais elle n'est pas à la maison ; elle se cache dans le jardin du palais. Le garde retourne dans le jardin du palais et informe le prince qu'il n'a pas retrouvé la fille disparue. Le garde voit alors Cendrillon se cacher et la met en état d'arrestation. Produit par la fée marraine, il essaie la pantoufle sur Cendrillon. Elle lui va parfaitement, et le Prince est rappelé dans le jardin où il reconnaît sa bien-aimée (Do I Love You Because You're Beautiful? (Reprise)). Cendrillon et le prince se marient.

Numéros musicaux
La version originale contient les chansons suivantes :

 Acte I
 Overture – Orchestre
 The Prince Is Giving a Ball – le crieur public et le chœur
 Cinderella March – Orchestre
 In My Own Little Corner – Cendrillon
 The Prince Is Giving a Ball (reprise) – le chœur
 Your Majesties (Royal Dressing Room Scene) – Le roi, la reine, le chef et Steward
 In My Own Little Corner (reprise) – Cendrillon
 Impossible; It's Possible – Cendrillon et fée marraine

 Acte II
 Gavotte – Orchestre
 Ten Minutes Ago – Le Prince et Cendrillon
 Stepsisters' Lament – les demi-sœurs
 Waltz for a Ball – le chœur
 Do I Love You Because You're Beautiful? – Le Prince et Cendrillon
 Never in a Thousand Years

 Acte III
 When You're Driving Through the Moonlight – Cendrillon, la belle-mère et les demi-sœurs
 A Lovely Night – Cendrillon, la belle-mère et les demi-sœurs
 The Search – Orchestre
 Do I Love You Because You're Beautiful? (Reprise) – Le Prince
 Wedding – Orchestre
 Do I Love You Because You're Beautiful? (Reprise) – Chœurs

Dans certaines productions, des numéros supplémentaires ajoutés incluent Loneliness of Evening (extrait de South Pacific et introduit dans l'émission de 1965), une chanson pour le prince ; et Boys and Girls like You and Me (extrait de Oklahoma! et par la suite d'autres spectacles), pour la reine et le roi (dans la scène du Royal Dressing Room), qui apparaît dans la partition vocale publiée de l'émission. L'adaptation télévisée de 1997 a ajouté Falling in Love with Love pour la belle-mère, The Sweetest Sounds pour Cendrillon et le prince et There's Music in You (écrit pour Main Street to Broadway), pour la fée marraine. La production de Broadway en 2013 a été réalisée en deux actes et comprenait les chansons Me, Who Am I? (extrait de Me & Juliet), Loneliness of Evening et Now Is the Time (extrait du South Pacific), The Pursuit et There Music in You.

Productions télévisées

Production originale de 1957
L'émission originale de 1957 a été mise en scène par Nelson avec une chorégraphie de Lucas et une direction musicale par Antonini. Il mettait en vedette Julie Andrews dans le rôle titre et Jon Cypher dans le rôle du prince. Il a également présenté Howard Lindsay dans le rôle du roi, Dorothy Stickney dans le rôle de la reine, Edith Adams dans le rôle de la fée marraine, Kaye Ballard et Alice Ghostley dans le rôle des demi-sœurs Portia et Joy, Ilka Chase dans le rôle de la belle-mère et Iggie Wolfington comme intendant. Joe Layton est apparu non crédité dans l'ensemble.

Le , à 20h, heure de l'Est, Cendrillon a été diffusée en direct dans les fuseaux horaires de l'Est, du Centre et de la Montagne en noir et blanc et en couleurs compatibles ; la côte ouest a reçu une émission différée en noir et blanc seulement à partir de 20h, heure du Pacifique. Au-delà des États-Unis, il était transporté par des filiales de CBS dans les territoires américains de l'Alaska , d'Hawaï et de Porto Rico ; au Canada, il a été diffusé sur CBC. Il a été produit pour  et a été fortement promu par ses sponsors Pepsi-Cola et Shulton Company (alors fabricant d'Old Spice). Plus de 107 millions de téléspectateurs ont vu l'émission et Andrews a été nominé pour un Emmy Award pour sa performance.

Un kinéscope en noir et blanc de l'émission a survécu et a été diffusé sur DVD. Il n'y a aucune preuve que Cendrillon a été enregistrée sur bande vidéo, que CBS a utilisée à ce moment-là uniquement pour retarder les émissions de nouvelles des stations de la côte ouest. L'équipement n'était pas encore capable d'enregistrer des vidéos en couleur.

Version 1965

Après le succès de la comédie musicale à Londres et ailleurs en tant que production scénique, la chaîne a décidé de produire une autre version télévisée. La première de 1957 avait été diffusée avant que la bande vidéo ne soit disponible, de sorte qu'une seule représentation pouvait être projetée. CBS a monté une nouvelle production en 1965, avec Richard Rodgers en tant que producteur exécutif et écrit par Joseph Schrank. Le nouveau scénario se rapprochait du conte traditionnel, bien que presque toutes les chansons originales aient été conservées. Une nouvelle séquence ouvre l'histoire : le Prince s'arrête chez Cendrillon avec sa suite pour boire un verre d'eau au retour de ses voyages. Cendrillon, seule à la maison, et ne sachant pas qui est le beau voyageur jusqu'à ce qu'une page prononce les mots , donne gentiment au Prince l'eau du puits. Après le départ du prince, Cendrillon chante In My Own Little Corner avant qu'il n'y ait aucune mention du prince donnant un bal. Les noms des demi-sœurs ont été modifiés par rapport à la production originale et la scène du vestiaire royal a été omise.

La version 1965 a été mise en scène par Charles S. Dubin avec une chorégraphie d'Eugene Loring et enregistrée sur bande vidéo (à CBS Television City à Hollywood) pour une diffusion ultérieure. Le casting a présenté Ginger Rogers et Walter Pidgeon dans les rôles de la reine et du roi; Celeste Holm en tant que fée marraine ; Jo Van Fleet dans le rôle de la belle-mère, avec Pat Carroll et Barbara Ruick dans le rôle des demi-sœurs Prunella et Esmerelda ; et Stuart Damon dans le rôle du prince. Lesley Ann Warren, à 18 ans, a joué le rôle-titre. Le film présente également de rares apparitions à la caméra par les doubleurs Betty Noyes et Bill Lee, qui jouent un couple qui chante brièvement. La première diffusion a eu lieu le  et elle a été rediffusée huit fois jusqu'en .

Version 1997

Le remake télévisé de 1997 a été adapté par Robert L. Freedman et réalisé par Robert Iscove, avec une chorégraphie de Rob Marshall. Il a été produit par Whitney Houston et Debra Martin Chase pour Walt Disney Television et diffusé le . Cette version présentait une distribution raciale diversifiée, avec Brandy Norwood dans le rôle de Cendrillon, Whitney Houston dans celui de la fée marraine, Bernadette Peters dans le rôle de la belle-mère, Paolo Montalbán dans le rôle du prince, Whoopi Goldberg dans le rôle de la reine, Victor Garber dans le rôle du roi et Jason Alexander. Plusieurs chansons ont été ajoutées, dont Falling in Love with Love de la comédie musicale The Boys de Syracuse, chantée par la belle-mère; The Sweetest Sounds de la comédie musicale No Strings, chantée par Cendrillon et le Prince; et There's Music in You, écrit pour le film de 1953 Main Street to Broadway, chanté en finale par la fée marraine. Soixante millions de téléspectateurs ont regardé l'émission.

Les changements apportés à l'intrigue de Hammerstein dans cette version incluent les éléments suivants : La fée marraine commence l'histoire, expliquant que rien n'est impossible. Les noms des demi-sœurs sont changés en Calliope et Minerva. Déguisé en paysan, le Prince (se sentant isolé dans le château) erre sur la place du marché (inquiétant son héraut, Lionel), rencontre Cendrillon, et ils se trouvent charmants. Au bal, embarrassée par des questions sur sa famille et ses origines, Cendrillon s'échappe dans le jardin en larmes, où la fée marraine apparaît pour un soutien moral. Après que sa belle-mère soit revenue du bal et qu'elle soit particulièrement cruelle, Cendrillon emballe ses affaires pour s'enfuir de chez elle. Sa fée marraine lui conseille de partager ses sentiments avec le prince. Après avoir essayé la pantoufle sur toutes les autres jeunes filles, le prince et Lionel retrouvent Cendrillon. Rencontrant son regard, le Prince la reconnaît et pose la pantoufle sur son pied. Lors de leur mariage, la fée marraine bénit le couple.

Productions scéniques

De 1958 à 2008
La comédie musicale a été jouée pour la première fois sur scène au London Coliseum en 1958 dans une adaptation de pantomime qui utilisait également des chansons de Me & Juliet. Harold Fielding a produit cette version, qui a ouvert le  et a joué pendant la saison des vacances. Yana (Pamella Guard), a joué Cendrillon, avec Tommy Steele, Jimmy Edwards, Kenneth Williams et Betty Marsden.

Les versions de scène ont commencé à apparaître dans les théâtres américains en 1961. L'Opéra de New York a produit la comédie musicale en 1993 et 1995, avec la fée marraine jouée par Sally Ann Howes et la belle-mère par Nancy Marchand et Jean Stapleton. Il a relancé la production en 2004 avec Eartha Kitt dans le rôle de la fée marraine et Dick Van Patten dans celui du roi. Une tournée aux États-Unis a joué de novembre 2000 à 2001 avec Deborah Gibson et plus tard Jamie-Lynn Sigler dans le rôle de Cendrillon, Paolo Montalbán dans le rôle du Prince et Everett Quinton dans le rôle de la belle-mère, s'arrêtant au Théâtre du Madison Square Garden en 2001, où Sigler a joué le rôle titre.

Une tournée asiatique de 30 semaines de Cinderella a mis en vedette Lea Salonga et l'Australien Peter Saide. La production a été mise en scène par Bobby Garcia, avec une chorégraphie de Vince Pesce. La conception des costumes était de Renato Balestra, avec des décors de David Gallo. La tournée a débuté à Manille, aux Philippines, le . La production s'est ensuite rendue dans plusieurs villes de Chine, dont Xian, Zhengzhou, Chongqing, Shenzhen, Gunagzhou, Shanghai, Pékin et Hong Kong. Il a ensuite tourné en Thaïlande, à Singapour, en Malaisie, en Corée et au Japon.

Une production entièrement féminine de la comédie musicale au Japon en 2008 a été présenté par le groupe J-Pop Morning Musume et d'anciens membres de la Takarazuka Revue. La production s'est déroulée tout au long du mois d'août 2008, au Shinjuku Koma Theatre de Tokyo. Les rôles principaux de Cendrillon et du Prince ont été interprétés par les membres de Morning Musume Ai Takahashi et Risa Niigaki.

Broadway
Douglas Carter Beane a écrit un nouveau livret pour la première production de la comédie musicale à Broadway. Dans son intrigue, Cendrillon ouvre les yeux du prince Topher sur l'injustice dans le royaume. Les parents du prince sont morts, laissant le royaume entre les mains d'un vilain ministre qui a été le mentor du prince et a dupé sa jeune charge en approuvant une législation oppressive. Le rebelle Jean-Michel, un nouveau personnage, et la demi-sœur Gabrielle sont amoureux et cherchent à renverser le gouvernement. La partition comprend les chansons les plus connues de la version originale et quatre autres chansons du catalogue Rodgers et Hammerstein.

Le spectacle, produit par Robyn Goodman, a commencé les aperçus sur Broadway le 25 janvier et a officiellement ouvert le  au Broadway Theatre. Mark Brokaw a mis en scène la production, avec Josh Rhodes chorégraphiant et avec Laura Osnes dans le rôle titre, Santino Fontana dans le rôle du prince, Victoria Clark dans le rôle la folle Marie / la fée marraine, Harriet Harris dans le rôle de la belle-mère d'Ella, Peter Bartlett dans le rôle du premier ministre, Ann Harada et Marla Mindelle dans le rôle des demi-sœurs Charlotte et Gabrielle et Greg Hildreth dans le rôle de Jean-Michel. Les concepteurs comprenaient Anna Louizos (décors), William Ivey Long (costumes) et Kenneth Posner (éclairage). La production a été nominée pour neuf Tony Awards, en remportant un pour la conception de costumes. Les critiques étaient mitigées, la plupart des critiques louant la performance d'Osnes.

Keke Palmer était une remplaçante dans le rôle titre. Un rapport dans The Guardian a commenté que  En septembre 2014, Lesley Ann Warren a rejoint le casting pour célébrer la sortie du 50 anniversaire de sa version télévisée de 1965. La production s'est fermée à Broadway le , après 41 avant-premières et 770 représentations régulières. Des tournées nationales ont suivi.

Récompenses et nominations

Production télévisée de 1957

Production télévisée de 1997

Références

Liens externes
Cinderella sur Rodgers & Hammerstein Theatricals

Versions télévisées

playbill article, Nov. 21, 2004 "The First "Cinderella" Returns
Curtain Up review, Octobre 2005

Versions scéniques
 Site officiel de la production Broadway

 Cinderella sur Playbill Vault
 Cinderella sur Broadwaymusicalhome.com
 "Cinderella" sur The Guide to Musical Theatre

Comédie musicale des années 1950
Comédie musicale jouée à Broadway
Adaptation de Cendrillon
Téléfilm musical
Comédie musicale jouée à Londres


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AMERICAN CIVIL WAR FACTS
Belle Boyd Facts
Belle Boyd
Introduction - Belle Boyd
When it comes to the American Civil War there were important women on both sides of the conflict who made important contributions. Maria Isabella "Belle" Boyd was one of those women. She was a confederate spy who went to extremes to deliver information to General Stonewall Jackson. When she began spying as just a kid of about 17, she did so by reporting what she saw or heard from union soldiers who were stationed outside of her house. She eventually went to such extremes as walking out onto fields where battles were taking place to supply the Confederate Army with information. The interesting list of facts and information below gives some insight as to why Belle Boyd became such an important female heroine of the south during the Civil War and serves as a short biography and timeline of her life.
Click here for a great selection of Amazon.com books about Belle Boyd.
Belle Boyd- Short Biography
Boyd was born to a slave holding family in May of 1844 in Martinsburg, Virginia. Her parents were Benjamin Reed and Mary Rebecca Boydin.
The beginning of her involvement in the American Civil War was when word got out to Union soldiers that she had Confederate flags in her room at home. They responded by hanging a union flag outside her home.
Growing up a tomboy who enjoyed climbing trees and playing in the woods, Boyd was also a staunch defender of her family. When a union officer spoke unkindly to her mother, she had no problem taking the family pistol and killing the offender. Ultimately, Boyd was exonerated for killing the union soldier but from that point on union soldiers began keeping a close eye on her, even keeping watch outside her house.
Boyd's good looks, flirty ways and fearlessness helped her in her spying activities. On more than one occasion, she was able to charm a union officer into giving her secret information which she then relayed to Stonewall Jackson.
Boyd did not rely on her good looks and charm alone. She often secretly listened to conversations among Union soldiers for important information she could supply to the Confederate soldiers.
Just before Stonewall Jackson and his men began the Battle of Front Royal, Belle Boyd bravely slipped onto the battlefield to clue Jackson in to some last minute information she had about the Union positions.
For her notorious ways as a confederate spy during the Civil War, she was arrested at least six times. It was the summer of 1862, however, before she was finally imprisoned for her actions. She was in and out of prison until December of 1863 when she was ultimately released and forced to go south.
After the war, Boyd fled to Canada and then England where she married for the first time.
By the time she returned to America in 1866, she was a widow and the mother of one child.
Boyd went on to marry two more times and had four children with her second husband before divorcing him.
Belle Boyd turned her life experiences into memoirs and even began an acting career, but when she passed away at the age of 57 she was living in poverty.
List of Belle Boyd Quotes
"A true woman always loves a real soldier."
"Politically I did not like Mr. Lincoln for in him I saw the destroyer."
"I only wanted to help my people."
"What a jolly thing military surveillance is!"
"I thank god that I can say on my death bed that I am a virtuous woman."
American Civil War Women Facts Belle Boyd Facts Clara Barton Facts Harriet Beecher Stowe Facts Harriet Tubman Facts Mary Todd Lincoln Facts Susan B Anthony Facts
American Civil War Women Facts

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


We made this soda bread recently, I love getting the kids in the kitchen and simple recipes like this one are great, easy to follow and they can get stuck in mixing and kneading its also healthy. Remember little kids make a mess take a deep breath its so worth it, as its priceless if they grow up with a desire to cook and eat healthy food.
Hope your having a lovely weekend, I now cherish weekends with Jasmine in school the extra sleep and time to spend with her we have been making a little star costume for her nursery rhyme parade this week.


text:
Q: Building android projects in netbeans with gradle support I know that Android Studio is now the official IDE for developing Android apps, but my computer is really slow and I find it difficult to use Android Studio on it.
I'm using Netbeans for Android apps development and fortunately it works fine.
The problem I am having now is using the Android support libraries in netbeans. I found out that Android now uses the Gradle system for apps development in which the dependencies are declared, but the apps that that Netbeans creates don't have a Gradle file and I won't be able to add the dependencies.
My question is:

*

*How do I create Gradle files in Netbeans?

*Or how can I add the support libraries directly into my Netbeans projects without the need for Gradle?

I have downloaded the support libraries and I have also installed Gradle on my computer.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Meeting minutes – August 21, 2010 – Battle Creek
W.K. Kellogg Airport, Battle Creek
Those Signing In: Hugh Gurney, Jim Hinkins, Dianne Patterson, Robert Patterson, Clark Charnetski, Don Monteith, John Langdon, John DeLora, Rich Vavra-Musser, J. P. DesCamp, Kay M. Chase, Tom Post, J. R. Valderas, Gus Swenson, John Guidinger, Dale Gartner, R. F. Pekarek, Michael Frezell, Jim Wallington, Roger Webster
Also Present: Bruce Quinn, Operation Lifesaver
Call to Order: Chairman DeLora called the meeting to order at 11:10 a.m. Those present were asked to introduce themselves.
Guest Speaker: Langdon introduced Bruce D. Quinn representing Operation Lifesaver, which is funded by the railroads, MDOT and the federal government. Quinn started by showing a chilling video of what happens when motorists ignore the signs, warning lights and gates at railroad crossings and when pedestrians walk or jog along railroad tracks. Operation Lifesaver works to alert the general public and school children about the dangers inherent around railroad tracks through educational talks and through literature. Each member present received a packet of Operation Lifesaver literature. Their efforts have reduced accidents and fatalities, but more needs to be done. In 2009, there were 12 fatalities at railroad crossings in Michigan and 8 fatalities by people trespassing on the tracks. So far in 2010, there have been 2 fatalities at crossings and 7 due to trespassing. Quinn reminded the group that it takes a train 5,280 feet to stop and trains can't swerve. He advised that, if your car stalls at a crossing and a train is coming, run at a 45 degree angle toward the train to avoid being hit by debris. Reflectorized strips on trains have cut accidents where people run into the side of a passing train. Within two years, we should see standardized signs at all railroad crossings which include a phone number to call in case a gate or lights are operating improperly. Anytime you see a gate malfunctioning, he urged members to call 911 immediately. MARP members were asked to take Operation Lifesaver materials and distribute them in local schools. Members were also invited to an Operation Lifesaver Conference in Durand on November 5.
In response to a question, Quinn agreed that communities demanding no horns on trains are doing a disservice to their citizens. We also need more secure crossings where four gates or pylons totally block access to the crossing and stiff fines for those caught walking on railroad tracks.
In conclusion, Langdon asked Chase to see that Operation Lifesaver material was posted on the MARP website and included in The Michigan Passenger.
Minutes of the July 10 meeting were reviewed and approved.
Treasurer's Report: As of July 31, 2010, the checking account stood at $4,057.63 and the Pratt fund was valued at $13,161.02.
Public & Government Affairs: Langdon reported that the Michigan By Rail Forums were going well and they are getting good input from the public. Last Wednesday, a session was held in New Buffalo and one is scheduled for Jackson on August 26. Public officials and candidates have been invited and Vavra-Musser has been sending notices to members when a forum is scheduled in their area. Partners including Chambers of Commerce are assisting. The idea is to gather information and present it to the incoming administration.
Approximately 100 attended the forum in Traverse City, including MDOT Director Steudle, who stated he recognized the value of rail and that now we must find to money to support it.
The Michigan By Rail Forums, headed up by Tim Fischer of the Michigan Environmental Council, hope to influence the Michigan State Rail Plan being prepared under the direction of MDOT. PRIIA, the Passenger Rail Investment and Improvement Act of 2008, mandates that each state must have a State Rail Plan before it receives any federal funding. MDOT will hold only five public hearings, so the Michigan By Rail Forums will reach far more stakeholders.
Section 209 of PRIIA mandates that states fund corridor trains operating for distances of 750 miles or less. For Michigan, this means that the state must fund the Wolverine Service, currently funded by Amtrak. With all states strapped for cash, Section 209 could mean a severe reduction of rail service just when the public is asking for more. Chase urged all members to work with their legislators to see that Section 209 is repealed. According to DeLora, fear that Section 209 would come into play is the reason that Amtrak scratched plans for the Kalamazoo-Chicago service.
The fifteen states involved are required to come up with a coordinated plan on how charges will be assessed by October, 2010, an impossible target to meet. If the state agreements are not complete by that deadline, FRA is charged with imposing the standards.
The law exempts Northeast Corridor trains from the Section 209 mandate, resulting in a split in the NARP Board of Directors. Unofficially, Amtrak opposes it. So Michigan must work with the other fourteen states impacted to see that the law is repealed. A first step, according to Chase, is to personally contact each member of the Michigan delegation. She plans to send all MARP members a link with talking points to assist when they talk to their legislator.
Langdon passed around a sheet detailing the various projects MDOT has requested support for from federal High Speed Rail funding. In all, the projects cover the entire Wolverine route from Porter, Indiana to Pontiac, including the possibility of a change in ownership of the Kalamazoo-Dearborn section. Chase suggested that MARP write a letter of support for these projects addressed to Joe Szabo of the Federal Railroad Administration, routed through Congressman Schauer's office with copies to all fifteen members of the Michigan federal delegation.
Communications: On behalf of MARP, Chase reported that she had written a letter in support of a Tiger II grant to rebuild the East Lansing Transportation Center.
Chase handed out copies of a briefing sheet entitled "Intercity Passenger Train Service in Michigan." This is up to date and can be used as members talk to candidates this fall and can be sent to all candidates. She reminded the group that members as individuals can work on specific political campaigns but cannot imply they are representing MARP.
Robert Patterson suggested that the work "Intercity" in the briefing sheet be changed to "Statewide".
Outreach: Tischbein reported that the outreach schedule is now posted on the website. Several additions were suggested including events in Delton, Hastings, and Grand Haven. Pekarek reported on his success in prepackaging material at the recent event at Crossroads Village in Flint.
Newsletter: Valderas called attention to the fact that the latest issue of The Michigan Passenger was printed on brighter paper. This added about $60.00 to the cost of the printing. He reported that the paper had been well received at a recent event in Coopersville. He suggested that the date of the Annual Meeting be posted on the website when it is finalized.
The fall issue is scheduled to come out around Thanksgiving, when the makeup of the new Executive Committee is known. He will try to get it out in time for the November train show in Ann Arbor.
Tischbein urged continuation of the "Chairman's Corner", suggesting that it be relocated to page 2.
Membership: Vavra-Musser noted that membership for 2010 now stands above the 2009 level. Unfortunately, over seventy members last year including two executive committee members have not yet renewed. We must keep members for more than one year if we are to grow the organization. He urged Randall to send out one more renewal notice. DeLora suggested a second notice to NARP members who do not belong to MARP. Chase urged that Regional Chairs follow up on non-renewals. Langdon agreed and asked that the names of delinquent members be sent to the Regional Chairs.
Vavra-Musser noted that the By Laws list classes and fees of membership that vary from what we report in the newsletter. To clarify the situation, he proposed
Resolution #3
That Resolution #1 "Classes and Fees" of membership in the By Laws of September 16, 2004 be changed to read:
Senior (65+) 15.00
Individual 25.00
Family 30.00
Advocate 50.00
First Class 100.00
Life 500.00
The resolution was seconded by Langdon and approved by the members present.
Meetings: Wallington urged all to attend the meeting on September 25 in St. Ignace and to bring family and friends. A primary purpose of the meeting is to honor the 100th anniversary of Indian Trails. For this reason, Indian Trails is offering a discounted round trip ticket at $35.00. This includes Wisconsin residents riding Indian Trails. Call Indian Trails at 800-3831 x217 for bus reservations and the Voyager Inn at 877-643-1530 for motel reservations.
In response to Wallington's request for suggestions of individuals MARP might honor at this meeting, Langdon moved that MARP honor State Senator Jason Allen for his efforts in creating a passenger rail caucus in the statehouse. The motion was seconded by Vavra-Musser and carried.
Langdon added that MARP would also honor Indian Trails for extending Amtrak Thruway Service to Sault Ste. Marie. Local historian Judy Gross will speak on the history of passenger rail in the St. Ignace area.
Moving on to the NARP meeting in Grand Rapids, October 14-16, DeLora asked that MARP members transport NARP delegates from the Amtrak station in Kalamazoo to Grand Rapids on Wednesday, October 14. To make this more feasible, Langdon moved that MARP reimburse members transporting NARP delegates at .14 per mile as well as other expenses they might incur. The motion was seconded by Tischbein and passed by the members present. Chase offered to alert members in the Kalamazoo area to this opportunity.
After discussion, it was moved by Wallington that MARP reimburse Chairman-Elect Tischbein and Public and Governmental Affairs Coordinator Langdon up to $200 each for attendance at the NARP meeting in Grand Rapids including the meeting of state ARP's on Wednesday. The motion was seconded by Vavra-Musser and passed by the members present.
MARP members are invited to participate in a bus tour on Thursday, October 15 that includes visits to the site of the Grand Rapids Intermodal Station, the Kalamazoo Transportation Center, the Holland Transportation Center, Muskegon, and a train ride on the Coopersville and Marne Railroad. Cost of tickets is $40.00.
The October MARP meeting will be held at the Grand Rapids train station on Saturday, October 23 at 10:00 a.m. It will include the dedication of a plaque in honor of Ray Hammacher. Langdon hopes to secure a speaker from the Grand Rapids RAPID to speak on the proposed intermodal station.
The November meeting is scheduled for Durand on November 13. Norma Ward is securing prices for food.
Noting that nominations have been closed since the end of June and there are no contests for any position, Langdon moved that the September 25 meeting in St. Ignace be billed as the Annual Meeting and the November meeting in Durand be dedicated to honoring outgoing and incoming officers. This motion was seconded by Monteith and passed by the majority of those present. Wallington expressed fear that we might not have a quorum in St. Ignace to certify the slate of candidates.
The January meeting is tentatively scheduled for Willliamston. Wallington will send out a list of possible venues for 2011-2012 in the near future for members to consider.
Regional Reports:
Detroit Metro: The M-1 light rail project recently received an additional $25 million federal grant, Hinkins reported. This means that work can begin on the Environmental Impact Statement, a process that will take 12-18 months. One issue to be resolved is whether the trains will go down the center of Woodward Avenue or along the curbs. State Representative Marie Donigan has expressed concern that too much attention is being put on the M-1 project and not enough on getting a Regional Transportation Authority in place.
The Ann Arbor-Detroit commuter rail project will drop behind M-1. According to SEMCOG, work on improving the West Detroit junction will take place in December, 2010.
Charnetski reported that MDOT continues to upgrade tracks and crossings on the proposed WALLY line. Mike Bagwell of Great Lakes Central Railroad has invited MARP members to inspect work on the bi-level cars being refurbished in Owosso on September 12.
East/Central: Noting that Train #365 is experiencing increasing dwell time at stations at the eastern end of the Blue Water corridor, Pekarek speculated that Amtrak could schedule a later departure time from Port Huron, thus shortening total travel time. He asked who in the organization discusses such matters with Amtrak.
Western: Langdon reported that Ron Leatz is again in good standing with Dowagiac officials. The city manager has agreed to allow volunteers to open and close the station. With the additional trains stopping at New Buffalo, boardings are up 215%, and Blue Water ridership is up 49%. Trains are frequently operating with 6-7 coaches. Vavra-Musser stressed the need for the Owl.
Pere Marquette ridership has been adversely affected by the fact that those trains are running with only three cars, which are selling out fast. In August, 800 series locomotives were added to the service.
Northern: A meeting with Mike Bagwell of Great Lake Central Railroad is scheduled in Traverse City on August 25, according to Monteith. The discussion will center on building freight traffic and the prospects of passenger rail service.
The Northern Arrow excursion offers numerous options for side trips and point to point experiences on the train itself. The top class is sold out.
Nominations: Reporting on behalf of Whittier, Chair of the Nominating Committee, Langdon announced the slate of officers for 2010-2012:
Chair: Robert Tischbein
Vice Chair: Barney Whittier
Secretary: Hugh Gurney
At Large (Communications) Kay Chase
At Large (Public/Governmental Affairs) John Langdon
At Large (Membership) Kathleen Newell
At Large (Meetings) Jim Wallington
Regional Chair – Metro Detroit Jim Hinkins
Regional Chair- East/Central No Candidate
Regional Chair – West Michigan No Candidate
Regional Chair – Northern Michigan Don Monteith
All other positions are appointed by the Chair and the Executive Committee
Langdon then moved that Oakland County be moved from the Metro Detroit Region to the East/Central Region so that a potential candidate for East/Central living in Oakland County could be considered. The motion was seconded by Tischbein. After considerable discussion, the motion was defeated and it was agreed to leave the vacant position open for now.
Widgets: Vavra-Musser reported that the New Buffalo Widget is now receiving 450 hits a day and train ridership is soaring. Likely new sites include Grand Rapids, Toledo and Holland. NARP is looking at ways to expand coverage quickly.
He is trying to put ZIP cars and Amtrak together so rail passengers can get off the train at their destination, then pick up a ZIP car to drive to their lodgings, business meeting, etc. ZIP cars are proving very popular in large cities and on college campuses.
Brick for Howell Platform: Gurney asked if MARP would buy a brick with inscription on it to be placed on the new platform being built at the old Ann Arbor Railroad station in Howell. Langdon moved that MARP expend $100 for such a brick for the Howell station. The motion was seconded by Tischbein and approved by the members present.
Jackson Michigan Central Station Friends: Guidinger reported that a Friends of Michigan Central Station in Jackson had been formed, primarily to track plans for the restoration of the station and its development into an intermodal facility. The group would like a connection with MARP. After considerable discussion, Langdon suggested that a subcommittee including himself, Guidinger and Randall study how cooperation between the two groups could best be fulfilled. The motion to establish such a subcommittee was moved by Guidinger, seconded by Langdon and approved by the membership present.
Adjournment: Langdon proposed adjournment. The motion was seconded by Tischbein and approved by the membership present.
Respectfully Submitted: Accepted:
Hugh D. Gurney, Secretary John DeLora, Chair
Previous PostMichigan high speed rail: Robust public session set for Holland Thursday eveningNext PostHelp MARP grow: Bring a prospective member to the Sept. 25 meeting in St. Ignace!


text:
Germany debates a carbon tax – this time, for real
On July 12, a group of economists called on the German government to take quick climate action. This new proposal packs because the messenger officially advises the government – and doesn't come from the climate camp. Craig Morris reports
Carbon tax is needed to meet climate targets in Germany (Public Domain)
The German Council of Economic Experts says (in German) that Germany doesn't have time to wait until the EU's emissions trading scheme (ETS), which only covers 45% of emissions, is expanded to cover everything even if that expansion were officially planned (it isn't). A national carbon tax, the Council says, should be implemented soon.
Critics of national proposals often charge that German emission reductions amount is too little if other countries don't pull their weight: Germany shouldn't "go it alone." But Germany needs to meet its own targets if it wants reciprocity, the new report argues, and a carbon tax may be the only way to do that.
The argument that "German shouldn't go it alone" weakens with every passing year. In this international overview of national carbon prices from June, Germany doesn't even appear. Source: World Bank (PDF)
The Council doesn't propose a specific price, but rather shows the impact (see the second chart here) of a sliding price. And then they give the example of 35 euros per ton – which can probably be understood as their lowest bid. It would be some 50% above recent ETS prices.
To protect German industry, a border tax could be implemented; basically, the carbon tax would be charged whenever a product from outside this carbon tax zone enters Germany. Products from countries with similar or higher carbon taxes (such as France, the UK, Sweden and Switzerland) would not be charged. Indeed, the list itself shows that Germany is already a bit of a straggler. The hope is that such border taxes will encourage countries already considering such floor taxes, like China, to go ahead and adopt one – no trade war!
To protect the poor, the revenue would be paid straight back to people equally per capita. In general, low-income households pay a large share of their expenses on energy but spend less overall – so they would ideally get more back than the tax costs them. The tax would thus redistribute wealth from rich to poor. Germans are especially sensitive to this issue after the Yellow Jacket protests in France against a climate policy that would have detrimentally impacted rural areas and small towns already feeling left behind (City slickers in Paris can more easily do without a car).
So the poor would not be hurt by this carbon tax?
In general, no – in specific cases, yes. A poor person in an area without good public transport may have an old car and a long commute. Such people don't have the money to switch to an electro vehicle (EV). Likewise, tenants are trapped. Mieterbund, an advocacy group representing tenants, points out (in German) that tenants can't pick their type of heating system – and landlords don't have to pay higher prices from a carbon tax, so the incentive doesn't lead to better insulation, etc. And those living in new, well insulated apartments wouldn't fell much of a burden, while those scraping by on low rent in a poorly insulated home will feel a bigger impact – possibly one outstripping the money they get back.
The experts say that special funding might be needed for such cases. Since most Germans rent, that's potentially most people; driving is not the biggest problem, just the one everyone talks about first because our societies are car-crazy.
Will the German public accept a carbon tax?
Not if the press doesn't support it. An interview on the subject in Der Spiegel (in German) included a poll in which some two thirds of readers supported the statement that the proposal "blackmails car drivers" (the other option was "a real incentive for a mobility transition"). Having said that, Spiegel readers may be among the least informed about climate issues. The weekly – known within Germany as a tabloid for intellectuals – was long the only main one to give a voice to climate deniers and has traditionally written very biased takes against the Energiewende.
Importantly, as one of the interviewees explains, the floor price for carbon would not affect car drivers alone, but also anyone using fossil fuel for heat at home. And of course, the phrasing of the question itself is leading; no serious pollsters would formulate an option as "blackmailing drivers." No serious journalist should either. The question is not whether people want to pay more for gas; who wants that? The real question for grown-ups is whether we want to do something now or have future generations pay dearly for climate change later.
Does the proposal have legs?
Maybe. When Germany's Environmental Minister Svenja Schulze called for a carbon tax earlier this year, she seemed a bit alone – no longer. The Council's proposal adds weight from a rather middle-of-the-road, pro-business group. But it is based on analyses from the Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change and the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK). It thus contains the best ideas from the climate community (including a price of at least 30 euros) and is packaged as coming from a group mainly concerned about business.
In short, the proposal rocks. And because it's so awesome, the special support mechanisms still needed for renters and car commuters show really well that a carbon price is not a silver bullet.
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Next PostWanted: a double reorientation of energy finance
carbon price carbon tax climate change climate policies climate protection Emissions fossil fuel Germany Transportation


This 2004 Report outlines the long range planning and design principles to be used by Kansas State University when designing new buildings and infrastructure improvements.
In 1981, the space deficit on campus was 700,000 net square feet. Since that time, the university built over 600,000 net assignable square feet. In 2001, the university has nearly caught up with its space deficit needs but a diligent effort will be needed to maintain adequate space.
In 2004, approximately one million square feet of space required major renovation, including compliance with the American with Disabilities Act, fire and life safety code compliance and programmatic needs.
The Fiscal Year 2004 five and ten-year capital request as well as the needs for academic space includes approximately 250,000 net assignable square feet. It is anticipated that over the next 20 years, new programs will be developed and added and existing programs expanded to accommodate the growing student population, technology and curriculum changes.


The Winter 100 was the first ultramarathon that I volunteered at, two years ago. It's a miracle I ever volunteered again, after storms blew in and five of us spent all night shivering in the back of a transit van.
But I returned to the same spot in 2013 and again this last weekend. Only this weekend I wasn't a volunteer but set to pace my good friend Chris Mills the last 25 miles.
Chris stormed the first 50 miles and I left home sooner than planned in order to meet him and get him home. I estimated based on his pace to date, but slowing down a bit, that I would start running sometime between 1am and 3am Sunday morning, but arrived for midnight just in case he was on a flyer.
Whilst waiting for Chris, I can only describe the evening as a surreal experience of true friendship. Before I even entered the village hall which was the event base, I was stopped by Simon Edwards outside and had a good hello. Quickly followed by Gary Dalton (who is much more softly spoken than I had expected for a grumpy copper) and was ushered inside. Here I met Ashok, another social media friend, for the first time and really felt his enthusiasm for the race.
I then met Chris' (slightly) better half, Nikki Mills who was sat with James Adams (book out) and Natasha Fielden, who was also set to pace the last 25 miles with her husband, Jon, who was running stride for stride with Chris.
And on went an evening with some people I am fortunate enough to call great friends. I few years ago I was truly lost, but with this odd band of brothers is where I truly belong.
In many ways the winner here is James Elson. He is fortunate enough to have some amazing friends and volunteers at his races, but at the same time we are the winners. These events, whether running, volunteering, pacing or simply just hanging out, allow us all to congregate away from social media and really get to know one another.
Even if Mr Elson did constantly refer to me as 'crying boy'. I'll let him have that one.
We started to hear worrying reports from the far aid station that Chris had walked there and had taken longer than expected. This isn't unusual in ultras and he could have been having a bad patch so didn't really concern anyone. I still remember distinctly how awful I felt 60 miles into the NDW100 so I knew he could bounce back.
Then, later in the evening as more runners arrived who were with him earlier in the day, the news got worse. "Chris is walking and looks pretty green, maybe he just needs some food". Then "Yep, he is about two miles away but walking with a stick".
At this point I knew he was in trouble and if he couldn't walk without aid, he either might not finish or would be taking it to the wire of the 30 hour cut off. But I also remembered Sam at the GUCR and how he dealt with his knee issues and was ready to tell Chris the same.
Chris arrived around 4:30am with his pacer, John, and was looking pretty down mentally. Aside from the knee pain on his ITB he felt good, strong even, but one thing knocking him down had affected his state of mind and he was, I would say, more frustrated than anything else. He made it clear he would leave with me for half a mile and make a decision, having changed his shoes. He wasn't prepared for an eight hour walk just to finish. From my first NDW100, I could relate to this as well. There are always other days.
Sadly, as everyone knows, that walk didn't help and Chris drew the line. But he will be back and it won't beat him next time.
It did make me realise what little things can do for a race and if he had stashed some poles in his 50 mile drop bag, it may have been a different story that night. If you are entering your first 100 soon, just think about what can go wrong and what you can do to remedy that. For me, it was getting cold and shivering, for Chris it was support for his weakened right knee.
Once Chris made the decision to drop, my adrenaline also dropped and I realised it was 5am and I was tired. I said my goodbyes to everyone, grabbed an hours sleep in the car and drove back home.
Chris- you will get your revenge and in turn, I will get my revenge pacing blog. I have never wanted anything as much as I wanted the NDW100 in August, mostly because I failed the year before and you have the fire in your belly to finish a 100 sooner than you think. And coming back makes the finish all the more sweet. I have hit save on the images and anecdotes I planned for this weekend so I need you to finish as much as you do. That work in progress is a keeper.


text:
#include <geos/platform.h>
#include <geos/operation/overlay/ElevationMatrix.h>
#include <geos/util/IllegalArgumentException.h>
#include <geos/geom/Geometry.h>
#include <geos/geom/Coordinate.h>
#include <geos/geom/CoordinateSequence.h>

#include <cassert>
#include <cmath>
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>

#ifndef GEOS_DEBUG
#define GEOS_DEBUG 0
#endif
#define PARANOIA_LEVEL 0

#ifdef _MSC_VER
#pragma warning(disable:4355)
#endif

using namespace std;
using namespace geos::geom;

namespace geos {
namespace operation { // geos.operation
namespace overlay { // geos.operation.overlay

ElevationMatrixFilter::ElevationMatrixFilter(ElevationMatrix &newEm):
	em(newEm)
{ }

ElevationMatrixFilter::~ElevationMatrixFilter()
{ }

void
ElevationMatrixFilter::filter_rw(Coordinate *c) const
{
#if GEOS_DEBUG
	cerr<<"ElevationMatrixFilter::filter_rw("<<c->toString()<<") called"
		<<endl;
#endif

	// already has a Z value, nothing to do
	if ( ! ISNAN(c->z) ) return;

	double avgElevation = em.getAvgElevation();

	try {
		const ElevationMatrixCell &emc = em.getCell(*c);
		c->z = emc.getAvg();
		if ( ISNAN(c->z) ) c->z = avgElevation;
#if GEOS_DEBUG
		cerr<<"  z set to "<<c->z<<endl;
#endif
	} catch (const util::IllegalArgumentException& /* ex */) {
		c->z = avgElevation;
	}
}

void
ElevationMatrixFilter::filter_ro(const Coordinate *c)
{
#if GEOS_DEBUG
	cerr<<"ElevationMatrixFilter::filter_ro("<<c->toString()<<") called"
		<<endl;
#endif
	em.add(*c);
}

ElevationMatrix::ElevationMatrix(const Envelope &newEnv,
		unsigned int newRows, unsigned int newCols):
	filter(*this),
	env(newEnv), cols(newCols), rows(newRows),
	avgElevationComputed(false),
	avgElevation(DoubleNotANumber),
 	cells(newRows*newCols)
{
	cellwidth=env.getWidth()/cols;
	cellheight=env.getHeight()/rows;
	if ( ! cellwidth ) cols=1;
	if ( ! cellheight ) rows=1;
}

ElevationMatrix::~ElevationMatrix()
{
}

void
ElevationMatrix::add(const Geometry *geom)
{
#if GEOS_DEBUG
	cerr<<"ElevationMatrix::add(Geometry *) called"<<endl;
#endif // GEOS_DEBUG

	// Cannot add Geometries to an ElevationMatrix after it's average
	// elevation has been computed
	assert(!avgElevationComputed);

	//ElevationMatrixFilter filter(this);
	geom->apply_ro(&filter);

}

#if 0
void
ElevationMatrix::add(const CoordinateSequence *cs)
{
	unsigned int ncoords = cs->getSize();
	for (unsigned int i=0; i<ncoords; i++)
	{
		add(cs->getAt(i));
	}
}
#endif

void
ElevationMatrix::add(const Coordinate &c)
{
	if ( ISNAN(c.z) ) return;
	try {
		ElevationMatrixCell &emc = getCell(c);
		emc.add(c);
	} catch (const util::IllegalArgumentException& exp) {
		// coordinate do not overlap matrix
		cerr << "ElevationMatrix::add(" << c.toString()
		     << "): Coordinate does not overlap grid extent: "
		     << exp.what() << endl;
		return;
	}
}

ElevationMatrixCell &
ElevationMatrix::getCell(const Coordinate &c)
{
	int col, row;

	if ( ! cellwidth ) col=0;
	else
	{
		double xoffset = c.x - env.getMinX();
		col = (int)(xoffset/cellwidth);
		if ( col == (int)cols ) col = cols-1;
	}
	if ( ! cellheight ) row=0;
	else
	{
		double yoffset = c.y - env.getMinY();
		row = (int)(yoffset/cellheight);
		if ( row == (int)rows ) row = rows-1;
	}
	int celloffset = (cols*row)+col;

	if  (celloffset<0 || celloffset >= (int)(cols*rows))
	{
		ostringstream s;
		s<<"ElevationMatrix::getCell got a Coordinate out of grid extent ("<<env.toString()<<") - cols:"<<cols<<" rows:"<<rows;
		throw util::IllegalArgumentException(s.str());
	}

	return cells[celloffset];
}

const ElevationMatrixCell &
ElevationMatrix::getCell(const Coordinate &c) const
{
	return (const ElevationMatrixCell &)
		((ElevationMatrix *)this)->getCell(c);
}

double
ElevationMatrix::getAvgElevation() const
{
	if ( avgElevationComputed ) return avgElevation;
	double ztot=0;
	int zvals=0;
	for (unsigned int r=0; r<rows; r++)
	{
		for(unsigned int c=0; c<cols; c++)
		{
			const ElevationMatrixCell &cell = cells[(r*cols)+c];
			double e = cell.getAvg();
			if ( !ISNAN(e) )
			{
				zvals++;
				ztot+=e;
			}
		}
	}
	if ( zvals ) avgElevation = ztot/zvals;
	else avgElevation = DoubleNotANumber;

	avgElevationComputed = true;

	return avgElevation;
}

string
ElevationMatrix::print() const
{
	ostringstream ret;
	ret << "Cols:"<<cols<<" Rows:"<<rows<<" AvgElevation:"<<getAvgElevation()<<endl;
	for (unsigned int r=0; r<rows; r++)
	{
		for (unsigned int c=0; c<cols; c++)
		{
			ret << cells[(r*cols)+c].print() << '\t';
		}
		ret << endl;
	}
	return ret.str();
}

void
ElevationMatrix::elevate(Geometry *g) const
{

	// Nothing to do if no elevation info in matrix
	if ( ISNAN(getAvgElevation()) ) return;

	g->apply_rw(&filter);
}

} // namespace geos.operation.overlay
} // namespace geos.operation
} // namespace geos;

/**********************************************************************
 * $Log$
 * Revision 1.15  2006/04/04 08:16:46  strk
 * Changed GEOSException hierarchy to be derived from std::runtime_exception.
 * Removed the GEOSException::toString redundant method (use ::what() instead)
 *
 * Revision 1.14  2006/03/17 13:24:59  strk
 * opOverlay.h header splitted. Reduced header inclusions in operation/overlay implementation files. ElevationMatrixFilter code moved from own file to ElevationMatrix.cpp (ideally a class-private).
 *
 * Revision 1.13  2006/03/09 16:46:49  strk
 * geos::geom namespace definition, first pass at headers split
 *
 * Revision 1.12  2006/03/06 19:40:47  strk
 * geos::util namespace. New GeometryCollection::iterator interface, many cleanups.
 *
 * Revision 1.11  2006/03/03 10:46:22  strk
 * Removed 'using namespace' from headers, added missing headers in .cpp files, removed useless includes in headers (bug#46)
 *
 * Revision 1.10  2006/03/02 12:12:01  strk
 * Renamed DEBUG macros to GEOS_DEBUG, all wrapped in #ifndef block to allow global override (bug#43)
 *
 * Revision 1.9  2006/02/19 19:46:49  strk
 * Packages <-> namespaces mapping for most GEOS internal code (uncomplete, but working). Dir-level libs for index/ subdirs.
 *
 * Revision 1.8  2006/02/09 15:52:47  strk
 * GEOSException derived from std::exception; always thrown and cought by const ref.
 *
 * Revision 1.7  2005/12/11 10:41:56  strk
 * Fixed premature initialization of average Z value in ElevationMatrixFilter
 *
 **********************************************************************/

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Seaside will only represent the finest candidates with experience working within a private environment focused on the oversight of a household. We screen for a diverse skill set with the ability to oversee projects, contract vendors, arrange travel, and oversee household staff. We expect our House Managers to have the ability to multi-task, prioritize efficiently, and effectively manage the household. Candidates must be computer savvy with accuracy and speed. Seaside House Management candidates can be placed for short-term, long-term, part-time or full-time, live-in or live-out and on-call positions.


Curiously journeying beyond first impressions, Luke Duncan King's illuminating exhibition shares insights into the culture and history of Melbourne's Deaf community through a series of detailed prints and intimate video portraits. Incorporating large-scale lithographic prints alongside video installation work, King's work examines themes of cultural diversity, representation, self-expression and aesthetics as they relate to the Deaf community.
Designed to break down barriers, the work presents the artist's own experiences of these issues alongside those of his community and the wider world. Along the way, King transcends barriers between the audience and the sitter, and between the Deaf and non-deaf communities – opening a window into the lives of Deaf artists and the myriad subcultures that exist within their community.
Luke Duncan King is a visual artist working predominantly in printmaking, also including drawings and watercolour works on paper. King recently completed a Bachelor of Fine Arts (Honours – Visual Art) at the Victorian College of the Arts in 2015. King participated in numerous group exhibitions at the Margaret Lawrence Gallery, City of Melbourne Library and internationally at 3331 Arts Chiyoda as a part of the International Printmaking Conference 2014 in Tokyo, Japan. He often collaborated with student visual artists, emerging visual artists and dancers at the VCA; and with Jodee Mundy Collaborations and Nicola Gunn, as well as with Louella May Hogan and Anna Seymour to discover performance and audience experientially, and encounter the artistic practice in a visceral and insightful way.
"I am a…" has been assisted by the Australian Government through Australia Council, its arts funding and advisory body.
Image credits: Luke Duncan King, The Green Room, 2017. Photo courtesy and © Aaron Christopher Rees.


Off Dremo's Codename EP, Dremo features his label boss, Davido on this record titled Kpa, and trust me, this is a wonderful performance.
This track is titled "Kpa" which is a Nigerian modern day slang for the word Money. The Speroach produced song is a boastful one as both acts flex their spending capabilities in the lyrics to a supposed female lover.
Dremo also shows how good he is with the melodies as he sings on this one. From the outcome of this number, Kpa, it's obvious that the Codename EP has a lot of surprises therein.


The short model/year code for this paint on a Dodge Truck in 1988, is FS8. The longer Chrysler paint manufacturing code, sometimes called the "Dodge Truck paint code" is DT1643. This longer manufacturing code is useful for tracking paint usage.


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Online Manual Comments
Online Manual Reviews
Everything posted by tremor
save needed Chesham United Loan Promise not kept despite being kept
tremor replied to tremor's topic in Dynamics, Interaction and Playing Time
I wondered if that was the case... unfortunately i don't have an earlier save. It's not causing me too many problems other than winding up the manager of the loanees parent club, but i guess in the long run it may end up with him being unwilling to loan players to me in the future.
I have a much earlier save, it's from just after i have taken him on loan and i have literally played him as a WBR almost every single game since I'll upload it, it's called: chesham bardell loan promise early
I'll have a look, but I don't think so
tremor posted a topic in Dynamics, Interaction and Playing Time
I have loaned a player from Derby, he is a right back/right wing back... when i negotiated his loan deal i said that i would play him predominantly as a right wing back. I play a 532 formation most games, probably 80% of the time and he is always played as a right wing back... his manager from derby is constantly accusing me of not playing him in the agreed position despite me almost always playing him in that position, i think i have only played him as a right back maybe 2 or 3 times this season out of the 17 games he has played. i have uploaded the save game: chesham bardell loan promise
dafuge's FM20 challenge
tremor replied to dafuge's topic in Challenges, Sign-Ups & Experiments
My board simply refuses to consider a parent club... I really don't understand, it would make a huge difference to our revenue.
wage budget is £13k, but i'm basically bare bones atm, i think i've got 21 in the squad. Definitely need to dip into the loan market and see if i can get a few freebies/cheapies
2021-22 Managed to squeak promotion from the National at the first time of asking, been very lucky with signings and just stuck with a high energy high press route 1 counter-attacking style. Worked pretty well, we were top for periods of the season but ultimately it came off the rails in the spring and we ended up going through the lottery of the play-offs. Nothing much to see in the cup competitions, a little bit of cash but actually i think the extra workload really effected our players too much and nearly cost us promotion. Once more the board backed me and kept on putting me through my badges. Gone fully professional, massive wage issues now that we're about to enter league 2, most of my star players are refusing to sign F/T contracts or extend contracts. So I'm scrabbling about with the cast-offs again and although i'm already over my wage budget i've got a squad of about 18 with a few terrible u23/u18regens (all the good ones had been on non-contracts and have been snapped up by clubs in lower leagues and are on worse contracts... sometimes i don't get this game) If i can manage to keep this rabble up in league 2 it will be a miracle! At least my stats make me a decent coach which makes up for the fact that the coaching team is tiny!
I realise that i've been playing this challenge a lot and not really updating my progress. I ditched Witton Albion, Matlock and Lewes just wasn't really feeling it/them and although i spent a lot of time reloading i still didn't find any of the lower rep teams i really wanted so in the end went with Chesham United. Really getting to grips with them and the club philosophy and they've backed me a lot too. 2020-21 - Got promoted as champions, really just loaded the team up with fast and hard-working players... went very route one counter attacking with 3 CB's and never really had any problems. a few wobbles around Christmas when we had injuries and the cup games, actually a bit of a blessing to be knocked out reasonably early although an away day at Cardiff in the FA Cup was a nice little earner. Board has also been really supportive and pretty much constantly putting me on coaching courses.
I don't think it would prevent them from being promoted, i was hoping they would turn up to see if the amateur status would be coded and prevent the development or if you could survive for long enough in the vanarama whether it might be possible might break their club culture for progression.
After all these years of playing I never knew you could do that! Amazing... Much much easier
Witton Albion 2020-21 Really had hoped for one of the casuals sides to come up but got tired of the constant reloads. In the end i plumped for Witton Albion (local team to my sister). Pretty good first season, we made some good signings and performed admirably to finish 11th. Onwards and upwards next season!
Been reloading a lot... Still not turned up either of the 'Casuals' Having completed this with Folkstone last year, really want to try a casuals team. Anyone found one?
Thanks, I've never been to a game at Folkestone but I have seen the ground and it is reasonably close to where I live 😃 But I really don't understand how it's happened... The main thing I've done differently this time around is target hard working and high determination players rather than looking at other attributes and then really pushing a high intensity, high press counter based tactic. It's not pretty and we miss a bucketful of chances every game but enough seemed to have gone in to make the difference. Most games I'm having 20-30 shots on goal... I've got a horrible feeling that the wheels are going to come off soon though... All my 30k pw players are now demanding 100k plus! And for a team who've just done the incredible double everyone seems super grumpy in pre-season. I think I'm now going to set myself the challenge of using only UK players and seeing if I can build a fully functional youth set-up. Whilst targeting at least 1 trophy a season. 😁 I'd be keen to see if I can do this with corrinthian-casuals if anyone has found them in their reloads yet?
Folkestone Invicta 2025-26 Season Overview Prem- Champions Carabao Cup - Quarter-final - knocked out by Man U FA Cup - 4th round - knocked out by Man U (again!) Champions League - Winners - Beat Real Madrid 3-2 in the final (late goal in extra time!) I've been doing this challenge for quite a few years now and never really got close to completing it. So I'm not sure quite how I've managed to do it in only my second season in the Prem. We started really strong and basically went all out attack all season. Lots of teams underestimated us i guess and we were able to shock a lot of people, particularly in Europe, we had an insane route in the Champions League but i refused to go defensive and somehow managed to outgun everyone on the way to clinching the title. We also somehow managed to hold on to claim the prem in a season where none of the other teams seemed to be able to be consistent enough to mount a challenge, it went right down to the wire but we just needed to equal or better Liverpools result on the last day and we held our nerve whilst they got beaten by Man City. I also survived a board takeover and managed to hold on to most of my best players. Finances look solid going into the new season and I'm going to strengthen and see if i can retain the titles i won this season. Last season we went old-school high press counter-attacking 442, i don't really understand why it worked so well and tbh it felt at times like there was something broken in the ME to allow me to go toe to toe with the big guns of Europe. This coming season I'm going to rebuild and try to move to a back 3 system and see if i can get that to work. Here are some screenies:
FM 19 Time 343 IF Time Argus Pilgrimage WOF 343 Knap
tremor replied to knap's topic in Tactics Sharing Centre (Upload/Download)
Last year I loved the 343, been trying to get one to work more consistent than 442/424 but really struggling. Will definitely give this a try
The Mentality Masterplan and some FM basics revisited...
tremor replied to optimusprimal82's topic in Football Manager General Discussion
Great work! well written, really informative and brilliantly laid out. Thanks mate 👍
FM 19 Time 424, 442 Beowulf 4420 Knap
Love the graphic and diagram layout. Really helpful information too. I'd be very interested to read/see that in a dedicated thread. Excellent work
Folkestone Invicta 2024-25 Premier League - 4th FA cup - 6th round Carabao cup - semi final Insane season, really strong towards the end despite an injury crisis, qualified for the champions league next year, finished 4th! Really need to buy some players and have a bigger squad though. and a couple of bonus awards:
I don't suppose anyone has turned up corrinthian-casuals yet?
FM19.3 - 'Steadfast' v2 – A flat 4141 for FM19.3
tremor replied to Mr U Rosler's topic in Tactics Sharing Centre (Upload/Download)
Absolutely agree, I don't think it helps that I seem to have picked up a lot of determined players with 15+ aggression, although they are definitely winning the ball back in dangerous areas. Last season I did have 3 of my midfielders banned at the same time. 1 for a red, 1 for getting 15 yellows and the third for getting 10. I also broke the championship record for bookings by about 20 cards. I did also break the record for clean sheets, goals and scored 104pts so I guess swings and roundabouts 😁
I'm getting this a lot too... I find it really frustrating that I seem to pick up loads of early cards for seemingly innocuous challenges but the opposition don't. But super hard pressing is working well 😁
Folkestone Invicta 2023-4 Season Overview Pretty awesome season, this time we actually paid for a couple of players and i was more reliant on loan signings than i have been in the past, mostly due to some serious long-term injuries. I really thought that the championship was where it was going to bite, but despite still having plenty of league 1 level players we were able to achieve promotion as champions. This was particularly impressive given we had something like a 60k wage budget which was half of the next ranked team and a fraction of what most of the teams in the league had, many of whom had players who earned in a week nearly as much as my whole team. We had a couple of good cup runs as well which i was cursing by christmas when my players started dropping like flies but finances are looking good. Anyway, we did respectably well and despite a springtime wobble we held on to win the league and smash a load of records. Best thing, we held on until we were in the prem before planning our new stadium. Just need to stay up next season!
Going into the new season in the championship... just beaten Derby 4-1 in the opening match... This puts it all into a bit more perspective: Quite some budget difference
Folkestone Invicta Season 2022-23 Overview: League 1: Champions FA Cup: 3rd round, knocked out by Wolves Carabao Cup: 3rd round, knocked out by Manchester United Checkatrade: Knocked out in southern section second round by Leyton Orient Well, quite frankly ridiculous, some how we've only gone and done it... consecutive promotions all the way so far. Made a few quid selling a couple of players and replacing them with loanees at christmas. Once again managed to build the squad without paying a penny for a player and they seem to have pretty much worked out top drawer. Still having issues with our stadium though which seems to be taking forever and my biggest fear is that we won't get anything until we get to the premier league and then get lumbered with a tiny league 1 size stadium. Anyway, I've just got on and managed the team, they've done amazing! Tactically i just went all out attack, rotating between a really attacking 4222 and an even more attacking 343, had some really odd results but mostly we blew teams away by 3 or 4 goals but with lots of different players contributing rather than just a single striker. Hopefully we can stay up in the Championship next season, up with the big boys where i think just having good tactics won't cut it and I do worry that i won't be able to create a balanced or defensive system to cope. At least the board has continued to back me by paying for more training and now I'm on track for my continental A licence!
Folkestone Invicta 2021-2022 Competitions Overview: League 2: Promoted as champions FA Cup: Knocked out in the 4th Round by Arsenal Carabao Cup: Knocked out in 2nd Round by Fulham Checkatrade Trophy: Knocked out in Southern Section Pretty amazing season really, struggled to get anyone in in the break, ended up grabbing a few decent freebies in the run in to Christmas and just went for it in a full-on attacking, high pressing kamikaze sense with a 343 system or occasionally a 424. Spent the whole season playing at some strange ground in Sittingbourne while the club is searching for a site for our new ground. Finances have been pretty poor and despite a decent FA cup run and selling our best player mid-season i have constantly been battling with a tiny playing budget. It was weird that after we sold our best player i was told i would get 120k back in the transfer budget but no money ever materialised (maybe a bug?). Eitherway we managed to hold it together and finish champions with plenty to spare, it seemed that no other clubs below us could put together any sort of consistent run and so we found ourselves 19pts clear at the end of March and totally uncatchable. Lets see what we can do on a shoe-string and a prayer in League 1 next year!


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Parthenope – planetoida
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Home » California Tour Bus Crash Leaves 13 Dead, 31 Injured
California Tour Bus Crash Leaves 13 Dead, 31 Injured
Thirteen people were killed and 31 others were injured early Sunday morning, October 23, when the USA Holiday tour bus carrying them back from a casino near the Salton Sea crashed into a big rig truck near Palm Springs.
The passengers, many of whom were sleeping, had spent the night at the casino and were on the way back to Los Angeles when the crash occurred about 5:17 a.m., the Los Angeles Times reports. The bus slammed into the back of the truck's trailer, crushing the front third of the bus. Most of those who died appeared to have been sitting toward the front of the bus.
Before the crash, California Highway Patrol officers had been slowing and stopping traffic along that stretch of the 10 Freeway for a Southern California Edison crew that was working on electrical wires that crossed over the roadway.
"In almost 35 years, I've never been to a crash where there's been 13 confirmed fatals," said California Highway Patrol Border Division Chief Jim Abele. "It's tough … you never get used to this."
Passenger Ana Car said she "was awakened by the sounds of people screaming for help," She noticed a woman "lying in the center aisle to my right yelling, 'My legs! My legs!'" Some of the victims, who were thrown from their seats, suffered facial injuries and may require plastic surgery, according to Dr. Ricard Townsend at Desert Regional Medical Center.
By noon, the remains of the bus had been removed from the highway and passengers' belongings and crash debris had been cleared from the road, the Times reports. Some of the passengers were not carrying identification cards or they were separated from their belongings when they were taken to the hospital, complicating the task of identifying the victims, the Times reports.
Federal and local investigators are investigating the cause of the crash, the deadliest such crash in California in several decades, according to the Times. The front of the bus was largely destroyed, indicating that the bus was traveling faster than the truck, officials said. But they noted that it is too early to say whether the bus driver, who died in the crash, was speeding. Investigators will look for evidence that the driver may have fallen asleep, had a heart attack or medical emergency, or was under the influence of alcohol or drugs. Investigators will also look into the possibility of a mechanical failure.
If a data recorder can be recovered, that would reveal how fast the bus was going and whether the driver braked before impact. But the bus, which was manufactured in 1996, may not have had a data recorder, officials said. Chief Abele said investigators do not have "all the pieces to the puzzle." The investigation is made more difficult because the driver was killed and cannot supply any information.
USA Holiday bus company owns one bus and employs one driver, according to federal records. The company regularly took passengers to and from Los Angeles to casinos in Las Vegas and Southern California. The company was last inspected by federal transportation officials in April of last year and received a satisfactory rating, according to FreightConnect, a private data provider. No issues with the bus or the were reported, according to the Times.
Tagged With: california, Car Accident, tour bus


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05.6.09.21 Daily KPSC Current Affairs
Karnataka in top 2, NK districts lead in online medical consultations
About 20 districts in Karnataka are among the top 50 in the country to implement the ambitious eSanjeevani scheme, under the National Telemedicine Service (NTS) of the Union government. The state is in the second position after Andhra Pradesh.
Despite the lack of internet penetration, the initiative has now completed 1 crore consultations across the nation, of which nearly 20 lakh is from Karnataka. Interestingly, some of the backward districts of North-Karnataka are also leading, indicating the dedicated field work carried out by the district health departments. As OPDs were closed during the lockdowns, more people started to use this service and now continue the same for risk-free consultations.
According to the data shared by the Union health and family welfare department, Ballari has recorded the highest engagement registering 1,34,967 consultations which is also higher than Bengaluru urban district. It is ranked 13th place in the country. The NTS comprises of two variants of eSanjeevani namely — doctor to doctor (eSanjeevani AB-HWC) telemedicine platform that is based on a hub and spoke model and patient to doctor telemedicine platform (eSanjeevaniOPD) which provides outpatient services to the citizens in the confines of their. The former was introduced in 2019 and the latter was in April 2020.
India: 1st Asian Country to launch a Plastics pact
This new platform was developed by World-Wide Fund for Nature-India (WWF India) in collaboration with the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII).
It will help to promote a circular system for plastics.
New platform was launched by British High Commissioner to India, Alexander Ellis.
It will bring together prominent enterprises on a national level in order to make pledges for the creation of a circular plastics system.
Under the pact, 100 per cent of plastic packaging will be made reusable or recyclable, 50 per cent of plastic packaging will be effectively recycled and 25 per cent average recycled content will be made across all plastic packaging.
Award for Sea Turtle Conservation
Indian biologist Shailendra Singh won the Behler Sea Turtle Conservation Award for bringing back three critically endangered protected species of sea turtles from the brink of extinction.
The award has been bestowed with the help of various international bodies concerned in turtle conservation such as IUCN/SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group, Turtle Survival Alliance,Turtle Conservancy, and the Turtle Conservation Fund.
World Social Protection Report 2020-22- Highlights
As per report, more than half of the world population are not getting any form of social protection. This trend of no social protection is there even after expansion of social protections amidst the global outbreak of COVID-19.
Only 47 per cent of the global population had effective access to one social protection benefit, in 2020 while 53 per cent (4.1 billion people) had no protection at all.
People in Europe and Central Asia are among the best covered population. 84 per cent of populations in Europe and Central Asia are having access to at least one benefit.
PM addresses plenary session of the Eastern Economic Forum (EEF)
During the session, Prime Minister noted that, India-Russia energy partnership can bring stability in the global energy market. At the same time, International North-South Transport Corridor will bring both the countries closer.
The plenary session of the Eastern Economic Forum (EEF) was held in Vladivostok.
EEF is an international meet, held annually in Vladivostok in order to encourage foreign investments in the resource-rich but underdeveloped Far East region of Russia. Russia has actively engaged India to invest in this region, following which India had announced a $1-billion line of credit for the Far East during EEF 2019.
Energy is one of the major pillars of India-Russia strategic partnership. Energy partnership between both the countries can help in bringing stability in the global energy market.
Both the countries have also been making a Chennai-Vladivostok maritime corridor. This connectivity project and International North-South (Transport) Corridor will bring both the countries physically closer.
India's state-run Mazagon Docks Limited (India's largest shipyards) will partner with Russian ship-building facility at Zvezda in order to build important commercial ships in the world.
IISc-ISRO develop device to conduct microbial experiments in outer space
Researchers from the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) and Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) have developed device to conduct microbial experiments in outer space.
This modular, self-contained device can be used to cultivate microorganisms which in turn, enable scientists to carry out biological experiments even in outer space.
This study was published in Acta Astronautica. Researchers showed how this device can be used to activate and track the growth of a bacterium called Sporosarcina pasteurii for several days with minimal involvement of human.
This understanding of how these microbes behave in extreme environments will provide valuable insights for human space missions like 'Gaganyaan' that is set to be launched in 2022.
Social protection comprises of access to healthcare and income security in cases of unemployment, old age, inability to work, and for families with children.
Categories September 2021 Post navigation
30.11.22 KPSC Daily Current Affairs


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