text:
Not Enough Cooks in the Kitchen Puts Squeeze on Twin Cities' Restaurateurs
Lynne MK Morioka | February 13, 2017 | Print
Step into Rainbow Chinese Restaurant in Minneapolis, Minn. and you'll almost always find owner Tammy Wong in the kitchen. Whether she's personally creating dishes for former Vice President Walter Mondale's birthday or peeling carrots, she's the "chief cook and bottle washer" because she has to be.
"For awhile, it was hip to go to culinary school. People wanted to be famous when they got out of school, like they see on TV shows with famous chefs," Wong said. "Last year, when I put out an ad that I was hiring, I had 20 to 30 applicants. Not all of them were qualified, but I called the most. People didn't show up, they were late to interviews. I actually had someone hang up on me twice."
The labor shortage has been a constant challenge in the Twin cities, at least for the past two years. And there's no sign that it will become less problematic soon. The number of vacancies for cooks and prep workers in Minnesota rose from 1.4 percent in 2010 to 6.7 percent in 2015.
The result is that many restaurants have to make due, doubling up duties for owners and managers and even choosing to shrink the hours they're open to control for costs.
"People realize quickly that you don't get to graduate and call yourself a chef, you've got to pay your dues. It's very physically demanding work. You're going to work when a lot of people are out having fun."
Wong elected to close during lunch on weekdays. Fewer hours open allows her to increase the pay for back of house staff. Sometimes she hires people solely to work on specialized tasks such as making thousands of egg rolls or wontons. On slow days, they prep.
"You make adjustments, you work smarter," she says.
The labor shortage here is the local version of a national problem. From the front to the back of the house, restaurateurs are constantly in search of genuine talent as the workforce hasn't kept pace with demand. The labor pool is getting shallower, according to the National Restaurant Association, while the number of jobs in kitchens alone is projected by the Bureau of Labor Statistics to grow by 200,000 over the next decade.
"This is a blue-collar job with a white collar image," says Manfred Krug, chef instructor at Saint Paul College. "People realize quickly that you don't get to graduate and call yourself a chef, you've got to pay your dues. It's very physically demanding work. You're going to work when a lot of people are out having fun."
He cites the prevalence of food shows on television as initially a positive development for the industry because they focus on what happens in kitchens. "But, it gave people a lot of false sense that it's a fun career or a fun industry," he says. "It's not an easy profession."
"We've changed our parameters in terms of what we do for service"
Krug says that many culinary students now have a variety of visions of where they'd like their careers to progress – and many don't involve restaurant kitchens. From senior care facilities and corporate food service to food trucks and cupcake shops, he says there is a tremendous amount of opportunity in a field that offers the chance to advance relatively quickly.
"We tell our students to work hard and show up," Krug says.
Thomas Kim, owner of The Rabbit Hole in the Minneapolis Midtown Global Market, feels the pinch of back of house labor shortage as well, but says the situation has motivated him to get creative in his staffing and scheduling choices.
"We've changed our parameters in terms of what we do for service. We're closed two days a week and open for lunch. Everyone gets two shared consecutive days off and everyone is guaranteed 40 hours. That part is really nice. But if someone goes on vacation or gets sick, then their absence is felt," Kim said.
"We are staffed where it's just enough to get by for service on the weekend, but when one person is out, the rest of us start to feel it. You see your employees start to get deflated a little bit because they're so stressed out."
Like Wong, Kim's issue was not a lack of job seekers, it was a lack of qualified applicants. "Out of 20 people, maybe one person – at most two – would be even semi-qualified for us to sit down with them. People are looking at kitchen jobs as the same as entry level retail jobs. They perceive that knowing what a knife is means they have a skill set they could apply to this job."
This has led to a shortage of cooks in the kitchen nearly everywhere, but particularly in cities like Minneapolis and St. Paul where the number of restaurants has erupted in recent years.
The closure of culinary schools — often the labor pipeline restaurants depend on — has further exacerbated the back of house labor shortage. Three of the five local culinary school locations have shut down since 2014 or plan to close soon.
"When you graduate from business school, you're not going to become a CEO," said Kim. "These (culinary) schools, in order to recruit and retain, were filling the curriculum with falsehoods, telling people they'd become chefs when they graduate. It saturated the market with people who got deflated."
The mere trickle of candidates from the culinary school pipeline mirrors a national trend. Many culinary schools across the country are facing shrinking enrollment or closure. Perhaps the most well-known, Le Cordon Bleu, has ceased enrollment in the 16 programs it ran in the United States.
This has led to a shortage of cooks in the kitchen nearly everywhere, but particularly in cities like Minneapolis and St. Paul where the number of restaurants has erupted in recent years. The shortage of back of house talent is especially noticeable.
But despite the shallow pool of qualified workers, most Twin Cities restaurant owners believe the talent is there. They just have to dig deep.
"I will find people, I just need to keep looking. I've shared my story, my history, but the restaurant's legacy wasn't enough to bring in candidates," Wong says. "We're looking for people with some experience who are passionate about cooking, willing to listen and learn. I just need to keep looking."
Subscibe to the Upserve Blog for more stories like this one.
Written by Lynne MK Morioka | February 13, 2017
Lynne owns Social Visibility Consulting where she is a writer, content strategist and social media specialist working with businesses and consumer brands. She has a degree in journalism and more than 15 years of experience creating and sharing stories. Lynne is on an endless quest for restaurants around the world with unique takes on simple food.


text:
Chincoteague Defends Event, Practices After Horse's Death
Aug 02,2018 by Shawn Soper
CHINCOTEAGUE — The Chincoteague Volunteer Fire Company this week staunchly defended the annual pony swim and its treatment of the wild horses after a national animal advocacy group called for an end to the historic annual event.
After one of the wild horses from the Virginia side of Assateague Island died in a tragic accident following the annual Chincoteague Pony Swim last week, the People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) called for the Chincoteague Volunteer Fire Company (CVFC) to put an end to the nearly century-old tradition. The CVFC manages the herd of wild horses on the Virginia side of Assateague Island, providing veterinarian visits, vaccinations and other care throughout the year.
Each July, the wild horses on the Virginia side of Assateague swim across the channel separating Assateague from Chincoteague. Once on the opposite side, many of the younger horses are auctioned off to new owners in a carnival-like atmosphere.
After the swim, the wild horses that aren't auctioned, or the majority of them, make the swim back to Assateague were they essentially live in the wild under the direction and care of the CVFC. It's a tradition that dates to July 1925 and typically attracts as many as 40,000 visitors.
The annual swim and the associated auction is a means for the CVFC to manage the size of the herd of wild horses on the Virginia side of Assateague and serves as a fundraiser that allows the organization to care for the horses year-round. By comparison, the National Park Service manages the size of the herd of famed wild horses on the Maryland side of Assateague through a contraception program for the mares.
After last week's event, one of the mares from the Virginia side, Butterfly Kisses, was being held in a pen with other horses when she slipped in the pen and broke her neck. CVFC personnel and veterinarians on hand for the event were on the scene quickly, but there was little that could be done to save Butterfly Kisses and she was ultimately euthanized.
The horse's death caused PETA to almost immediately call for an end to the annual pony swim and associated auction.
"This pony's needless death is the latest proof that continuing to pen ponies and auction off their foals makes the Chincoteague fire department look increasingly backwards, reckless and cruel," PETA President Ingrid Newkirk said. "PETA is calling on organizers to face up to the fact times have changed and banish this sad spectacle to the history books before another pony is injured or dies."
In a letter to the CVFC, Newkirk said Butterfly Kisses' death was a direct result of the pony swim and subsequent auction.
"Butterfly Kisses' death is more evidence that penning up wild ponies and auctioning off foals are reckless," the letter reads. "Had she not been penned at the carnival grounds after the auction, she would still be alive. This it not the first time that a pony has dies at the fairgrounds or the first death that has been written off as an accident."
However, the CVFC quickly responded to the allegations Butterfly Kisses broke her neck after being chased into the holding pen by another horse and denied the horse's death was directly related to the annual event, instead characterizing it as a tragic accident. In a statement issued by CVFC Public Relations Officer Denise Bowden, the organization defended the handling of Butterfly Kisses and the other horses following the annual event.
"We are aware of the untruths that PETA has stated in their latest attempt to fool the general public about our pony penning events," the statement reads. "They claim that one of our mares, Butterfly Kisses, was 'chased' into the pen. Nothing could be further from the truth. She was already in the pen and had been there for over 24 hours."
In the statement, Bowden asserts the CVFC does much throughout the year to care for the wild horses on the Virginia side of Assateague and the pony swim and auction is a means to carefully manage the size of the herd.
"Once again, while these ponies mean a great deal to the fire company, the town and the county financially, we are also human beings who see these gorgeous animals as the beautiful creatures they are and we handle them with the care and respect they deserve," the statement reads. "If we did not do this event, these animals would end up overpopulating, eating themselves out of house and home, suffer diseases and injuries without any help at all. These are the facts about how we do what we do."
Bowden's statement asserts the annual swim is entirely humane and safe.
"I truly believe that what the Chincoteague Volunteer Fire Company does is good, fair and caring," the statement reads. "I have personally been involved going on 29 years. There are many others that have been involved longer than I have and many younger ones coming up through the ranks. Until you have been here and seen it with your own eyes, then we ask that you reserve judgment until you do. I have done my homework and ask that PETA does theirs."
About The Author: Shawn Soper
Shawn Soper has been with The Dispatch since 2000. He began as a staff writer covering various local government beats and general stories. His current positions include managing editor and sports editor. Growing up in Baltimore before moving to Ocean City full time three decades ago, Soper graduated from Loch Raven High School in 1981 and from Towson University in 1985 with degrees in mass communications with a journalism concentration and history.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Zhang Yi (mort el 264 EC), nom estilitzat Bogong, va ser un general militar de Shu Han durant l'era dels Tres Regnes de la història xinesa. Originari de Wuyang i un descendent de Zhang Liang, va esdevenir un comandant de Liu Bei després que aquest va prendre Yizhou. Va morir dins de la confusió produïda per l'intent de Jiang Wei i Zhong Hui de revoltar-se contra el regent de Cao Wei Sima Zhao amb Shu Han ja rendit i annexionat a l'estat rival hegemònic.

En la ficció
A la novel·la històrica del Romanç dels Tres Regnes de Luo Guanzhong, Zhang Yi va ser un general militar de l'era tardana de Shu Han, normalment servint per sota o al costat de Liao Hua. Va transir al capítol 119 durant la confusió produïda per l'aixecament fallit de Jiang Wei i Zhong Hui.

Referències

Generals de Shu Han
Morts a la República Popular de la Xina
Persones de Sichuan

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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text:
'use strict'

var load = require('scriptjs')

function Installer () {
  if (!(this instanceof Installer)) {
    return new Installer()
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  this.added = {}
  this.cdn = 'https://xio-cdn.herokuapp.com/bundle'
}

Installer.prototype.load = function load(dependencies, cb) {
  var url
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  if (Array.isArray(dependencies)) {
    throw Error('Use dependencies.npm, requires is DEPRECATED')
  }

  if (!dependencies || !Object.keys(dependencies).length) {
    cb(null, [])
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    if (dependencies.hasOwnProperty('npm')) {
      var scripts = []

      var requires = Object.keys(dependencies.npm)

      requires.forEach(function (r) {
        // e.g. chix-flow/schemas/node@latest
        url = [self.cdn, '/', encodeURIComponent(r)].join('')

        try {
          require.resolve(r.replace(/@.*/, ''))
        } catch (e) {
          self.added[url] = false

          scripts.push(url)
        }
      })

      if (scripts.length) {
        // load the ones not loaded/loading
        load(scripts, function (err) {
          if (err) cb(err)
          // script loaded.
          scripts.forEach(function (url) {
            self.added[url] = true
          })
          cb(null, scripts)
        })
      } else {
        cb(null, [])
      }
    }

    if (dependencies.hasOwnProperty('bower')) {
      // impossible to test whether something is installed,
      // bower can contain anything.
      // It would however be useful to know our environment
      // overhere, e.g. polymer
    }
  }
}

module.exports = Installer

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
Method and system for two-dimensional traveling display and driver circuits therefor
A two-dimensional traveling display method and apparatus for displaying data that may be continuously or intermittently changing in a manner of a traveling sign with the traveling display moving either left, right, up or down depending upon a desired format. The display comprises an electrically actuated two-dimensional dot matrix display panel formed by a plurality of rows and columns of dot-like areas whose light modifying characteristics are changed by application of electrical energization potentials. The panel is provided with respective sets of row and column electrodes for selective application of energization potentials to selected ones of the dot-like areas to form a desired image. A display matrix driver circuit comprised by a two-dimensional shift register is provided for selectively applying electrical energization potential to the row and column electrodes of the two-dimensional dot matrix display panel in accordance with data whose image is to be displayed and which is stored in the shift register. The individual cells of the shift register are applied to either the column or row electrodes of the display panel and a time division multiplexing circuit provides discrete waveform multiplexing electric signals unique to particular ones or the other of either the row or column electrodes for causing desired ones of the dot-like areas of a liquid crystal display to be energized in accordance with data whose image is to be presented and for moving the image left, right, up or down in the manner of a traveling sign.
Lowdenslager, John R. (Wilton, CT)
Timex Corporation (Waterbury, CT)
315/169.2, 345/685, 377/67
G02F1/133; G09F9/30; G09G3/00; G09G3/20; G09G3/36; (IPC1-7): G09G3/28
340/768, 340/792, 340/800, 235/92EA, 235/92SH, 307/221C
4308534 Multiplexing liquid crystal display device having different display formats 1981-12-29 Yamamoto 340/792
4090109 Gas discharge coupling of driving circuitry to a gas discharge display/memory panel 1978-05-16 Ryan et al. 340/792
3953837 Dual serial-parallel-serial analog memory 1976-04-27 Cheek 307/221C
3898480 Multiphase logic circuit 1975-08-05 Spence et al. 307/221C
3895372 Quick response liquid crystal display device 1975-07-15 Kaji et al. 340/784
3885196 Pocketable direct current electroluminescent display device addressed by MOS or MNOS circuitry 1975-05-20 Fischer 340/768
3839713 DISPLAY SYSTEM FOR PLASMA DISPLAY PANELS 1974-10-01 Urade et al. 340/768
3493957 VARIABLE MESSAGE DISPLAYS 1970-02-03 Brooks 340/756
GB1442580 July, 1976
GB2050008 December, 1980
R. C. Minnick; "Cutpoint Cellular Logic"; IEEE Transactions on Electronic Computers, Dec. 1964, pp. 685-698.
TRAFTON, DAVID
WILLIAM C. CRUTCHER (TIMEX CORP., WATERBURY, CT, 06720, US)
1. A two-dimensional traveling display for displaying data that may be continuously or intermittently changing in the manner of a traveling sign with the traveling display moving either left, right, up or down depending upon a desired format; said traveling display comprising an electrically actuated two-dimensional dot matrix display panel formed by a plurality of rows and columns of dot-like areas whose light modifying characteristics are changed by application of electrical energization potentials thereto and having respective sets of row and column electrodes for selective application of energization potentials to selected ones of the dot-like areas to form a desired image, display matrix driver circuit means for selectively applying electrical energization potentials to the row and column electrodes of said two-dimensional dot matrix display panel in accordance with the image to be displayed, said display matrix driver circuit means including two-dimensional shift register means for storing data whose image is to be displayed and applying the data as control electric signals to either said set of column electrodes or said set of row electrodes for independently controlling the electrical energization potentials applied to selected ones of the dot-like areas, and time division multiplexing circuit means providing discrete signals unique to particular ones or the other of either said set of row or said set of column electrodes for causing desired ones of the dot-like areas selectively and time sequentially to be energized in accordance with the data to be presented and for moving the image of the data thus displayed left, right, up or down across the display panel in the manner of a traveling sign.
2. A two-dimensional traveling display according to claim 1 wherein shifting of data stored in the shift register out onto and across the display panel and derivation of said time division multiplexing signals is synchronized by clock signal pulses supplied from a clock signal source.
3. A two-dimensional traveling display according to claim 2 wherein the individual shift register stages comprising the two-dimensional shift register means each have two input terminals, one for vertical shifting upon the display being operated in the vertical traveling mode and one for horizontal shifting upon the display being operated in the horizontal traveling mode.
4. A two-dimensional traveling display according to claim 3 wherein the two-dimensional shift register means comprises a plurality of binary storage cells arranged in an array in respective rows and columns with each cell having two stable states of operation representative of a binary one or a binary zero, respectively, a plurality of transmission gates which may be turned-on (opened) or turned-off (closed) to selectively interconnect the respective data storage cells together to form shift register stages, each of said data storage cells having respective sets of horizontally arrayed transmission gates on each side thereof for electrically interconnecting the data storage cells in each horizontal row of the array into a serially coupled shift register stage with all of the horizontal rows forming a plurality of parallel horizontal rows of series coupled shift register stages, and each of the data storage cells also having respective vertically arrayed transmission gates on the lower and upper sides thereof for electrically interconnecting the data storage cells in each vertical column of the array into a serially coupled shift register stage with all the vertical columns of the array forming a plurality of parallel vertical columns of series coupled shift register stages, whereby data to be stored may be inputed at one end of each horizontal shift register row and shifted right or left through the two-dimensional shift register or alternatively the data to be displayed may be inputed at one end of each vertical column and shifted up or down through the two-dimensional shift register.
5. A two-dimensional traveling display according to claim 3 further including field shift control decoder circuit means for receiving field shift control signals from a controller and deriving field shift control enabling signals for supply to the shift register stages for conditioning the shift register means to shift horizontally or vertically pursuant to a desired traveling image format.
6. A two-dimensional traveling display according to claim 1 further including a microprocessor for supplying the data to be displayed and controlling operation of the display matrix driver circuit means.
7. A two-dimensional traveling display according to claim 5 further comprising a microprocessor for supplying the data signals to be displayed to said display matrix driver circuit means, said microprocessor including a clock signal pulse source for supplying the clock signal pulses for synchronizing operation of said display matrix driver circuit means and said time division multiplexing circuit means and further including means for supplying field shift control signals to said field shift control decoder circuit means.
8. A two-dimensional traveling display according to either claim 1 or 7 wherein the display is designed for use with a wrist watch or clock and the data is read-out on the display panel in seconds, tens of seconds, units of minutes, tens of minutes and hours reading the display panel from right to left as viewed by an observer.
9. A two-dimensional traveling display according to either claim 1 or claim 7 wherein the display is designed for use as the display for a microcomputer.
10. A two-dimensional traveling display according to either claim 1 or claim 7 wherein said display matrix driver circuit means, said shift register means, said time division multiplexing circuit means and said microprocessor all comprise semiconductor integrated circuits.
11. A display matrix driver circuit for selectively applying electrical energization potentials to the row and column electrodes of a two-dimensional dot matrix panel in accordance with an image to be displayed; said display matrix driver circuit including two-dimensional shift register means for storing data whose image is to be displayed and applying the data as control electric signals selectively to either a set of column electrodes or a set of row electrodes of a two dimensional dot matrix display panel for independently controlling the electrical energization potentials applied to respective ones of the dot-like areas of the display panel whereby an image is presented, and time division multiplexing circuit means coupled to and controlling said two dimensional shift register means for selectively deriving and applying discrete waveform multiplexing electric signals unique to particular ones or the other of either said set of row electrodes or said set of column electrodes for causing desired ones of the dot-like areas of a display panel to be selectively and time sequentially energized in accordance with the data to be presented and for moving the image of the data thus displayed left, right, up or down across a display panel in the manner of a traveling sign.
12. A display matrix driver circuit according to claim 11 wherein shifting of data stored in the shift register out onto and across the display panel and derivation of said time division multiplexing signals is synchronized by clock signal pulses supplied from a clock signal source.
13. A display matrix driver circuit according to claim 12 wherein the individual shift register stages comprising the two-dimensional shift register means each is of the type in which storage of data is achieved in a static manner but to shift data from one shift register cell to another is dynamic and each have two input terminals, one for vertical shifting upon the display being operated in the vertical traveling mode and one for horizontal shifting upon the display being operated in the horizontal traveling mode.
14. A display matrix driver circuit according to claim 13 further including field shift control decoder circuit means for receiving field shift control signals from a controller and deriving field shift control enabling signals for supply to the shift register stages for conditioning the shift register means to shift horizontally or vertically pursuant to a desired traveling image format.
15. A display matrix driver circuit according to claim 12 further including a microprocessor for supplying the data to be displayed and clock signal pulses for controlling operation of the display matrix driver circuit means.
16. A display matrix driver circuit according to claim 14 further comprising a microprocessor for supplying the data signals to be displayed to said display matrix driver circuit means, said microprocessor including a clock signal pulse source for supplying the clock signal pulses for synchronizing operation of said display matrix driver circuit means and said time division multiplexing circuit means and further including means for supplying field shift control signals to said field shift control decoder circuit means.
17. A display matrix driver circuit according to either claim 11, 15, or 16 wherein said display matrix driver circuit, said shift register means, said time division multiplexing circuit means and said microprocessor all comprise semiconductor integrated circuits.
18. The method of operating a traveling display in two dimensions for displaying data that may be continuously or intermittently changing in the manner of a traveling sign with the traveling display moving either left, right, up or down in accordance with a desired format; said method employing an electrically actuated two-dimensional dot matrix display panel formed by a plurality of rows and columns of dot-like areas whose light modifying characteristics are changed by application of electrical energization potentials thereto and having respective sets of row and column electrodes for selective application of energization potentials to selected ones of the dot-like areas to form a desired image, and display matrix driver circuit means including a two-dimensional shift register; said method comprising applying the data signals stored in the two-dimensional shift register to either the set of column electrodes or the set of row electrodes of the two-dimensional display panel as control electric signals for individually controlling the electric energization potentials applied to selected ones of the dot-like areas of the display panel, and applying time division multiplexing discrete waveform electric signals unique to particular ones of the other of either said set of row electrodes or said set of column electrodes for causing selected ones of the dot-like areas of the display panel selectively and time sequentially to be energized in accordance with the data to be presented and for moving the image of the data thus displayed either left, right, up or down in the manner of a traveling sign.
19. A two-dimensional shift register comprising a plurality of binary data storage cells arranged in an array in respective rows and columns with each cell having two stable states of operation representative of a binary one or a binary zero, respectively, a plurality of transmission gates which may be turned-on (opened) or turned-off (closed) to selectively interconnect the respective data storage cells together to form shift register stages, each of said data storage cells having respective sets of horizontally arrayed transmission gates on each side thereof for electrically interconnecting the data storage cells in each horizontal row of the array into a serially coupled shift register stage with all of the horizontal rows forming a plurality of parallel horizontal rows of series coupled shift register stages, and each of the data storage cells also having respective vertically arrayed transmission gates on the lower and upper sides thereof for electrically interconnecting the data storage cells in each vertical column of the array into a serially coupled shift register stage with all the vertical columns of the array forming a plurality of parallel vertical columns of series coupled shift register stages, whereby data to be stored may be inputed at one end of each horizontal shift register row and shifted right or left through the two dimensional shift register or alternatively the data to be displayed may be inputed at one end of each vertical column and shifted up or down through the two-dimensional shift register.
This invention relates to improved dot matrix liquid crystal displays (DM-LCD) suitable for use with digital watches and clocks as well as a display for microcomputers.
More specifically, the invention relates to DM-LCD's of the traveling sign type wherein the images of the characters displayed are moved either horizontally or vertically across the face of the display panel, and to an improved dot matrix display driver circuit for use in such displays.
BACKGROUND PRIOR ART PROBLEM
The prior art has made extensive use of dot matrix-liquid crystal display for a variety of purposes. Some of these uses are as a display for a pocket calculator, a general purpose data display device, a television type picture display, an oscillograph, a time display for electronic wrist watches, clocks, and the like. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,445,827--issued May 20, 1969, to R. W. Keyes for a "Memory Controlled Shift Register Display Device"; U.S. Pat. No. 3,895,372--issued July 15, 1975, to Kaji et al. for a "Quick Response Liquid Crystal Display Device"; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,127,848--issued Nov. 28, 1978to I. A. Shanks for "Liquid Crystal Wave Form Displays."
The problems encountered generally with these prior art systems involve limitations of the LCD display medium, such as limited light, limited viewing angle, the need for complex driving circuitry, and a relatively slow speed of response of the displays employed.
The advantages of a dot matrix format in a LCD is that it can provide more resolution in 17 or 16 segment numerals and alphanumeric fonts than those employed in normal liquid crystal displays. Additionally, a more pleasing, more familiar type font can be used in DM-LCD, and the characters can be made to travel across the face of the LCD panel. Known media for achieving and operating dot matrix displays include incandescent lamps, light emitting diodes (LED), and plasma electroluminescent light sources. Of these, the most familiar is the well-known "Times Square" traveling sign which uses incandescent lamps. The disadvantages of these media are the large space required, the larger power required, and the higher voltages needed to operate the displays.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,493,957--issued Feb. 3, 1970, to W. Brooks, describes a Variable Message Display where the copy appears to move across the display face. In this arrangement, each horizontal row of the display represents a line display controlled by a shift register, and at each shift command each illuminated element (incandescent lamp) appears to move one space to the left. The speed of response, driving power required, size and weight of this device precludes its use in wrist watches and microcomputers for all practical purposes. Further, the device is not capable of producing a traveling image that can be moved horizontally across the display panel and vertically up and down the panel as well.
The Elsimate® EL-8160 dot matrix pocket calculator manufactured by Sharp Co. includes a dot matrix alphanumeric LCD display in which nine discrete 5×7 alphanumeric characters are presented. The characters are separated by a space approximately two dot columns in width and the messages appear to walk across the display, but actually the clearance jump from one space to the next.
All of the above discussed prior art devices require relatively high voltages, high power, and complicated driving schemes, or like the Sharp Elsimate calculator, their displays are extremely limited in format of presentation.
Provision of a dot matrix display which is capable of moving characters smoothly in either of two dimensions, requires a great amount of driving circuitry, or conversely, a microprocessor such as the Intel 8080, with a large program and high operational speeds. As a general rule, the number of operations that a microprocessor performs during a given period of time determines the amount of power consumed by the microprocessor. For products such as wrist watches, where energy is supplied by a battery of limited capacity, this limitation becomes a major importance. For this reason, CMOS circuitry is commonly used for fabricating microprocessors. However, one characteristic of CMOS circuitry is that it is capable of operating at only a small fraction of the speed of NMOS devices such as the Intel 8080, which is a NMOS device.
As an example of the above discussed characteristics, a 7-segment digital wrist watch using a CMOS microprocessor typically operates at a relatively small duty cycle. Periodically, the CMOS microprocessor becomes active, performs a small number of operations, and turns off thereby saving battery power until it receives its next timing turn-on pulse. The more operations the microprocessor performs during each timing pulse, the more current it consumes from the battery. Unfortunately, in order to perform all of the data management and to drive the liquid crystal display for a 10×28 dot matrix capable of smoothly moving easily read and pleasing to view characters in two dimensions, requires so many operations of the microprocessor that a CMOS processor operating at normal CMOS speed cannot perform all of the necessary operations within the time periods allowed. If it could, the battery drain would be excessive. Using a NMOS or other faster microprocessor device also would require prohibitive amounts of current and thus their use is precluded in applications where batteries of limited current capacity are employed as the power source. To overcome these problems, the present invention was devised.
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
It is the substance of the present invention to remove the display maintenance function from the microprocessor and place this function on a dot matrix driver circuit which interfaces the dot matrix display panel with the microprocessor and which, under control of the microprocessor, maintains the data supplied by the microprocessor and drives the rows and columns conductors of the display panels with appropriate waveform energization potential signals in a manner such that traveling characters which are easy to read and pleasing to view, can be presented which move smoothly across the display panel either horizontally or vertically.
A further object of the invention is to provide an improved dot matrix display driver circuit for use in DM-LCD displays having the above set forth characteristics.
A feature of the invention is the provision of a two-dimensional traveling display for displaying data that may be continuously or intermittently changing in the manner of a traveling sign with the traveling display moving either left, right, up or down depending upon a desired format. The traveling display comprises an electrically actuated two-dimensional dot matrix display panel formed by a plurality of rows and columns of dot-like areas whose light modifying characteristics are changed by application of electrical energization potentials thereto and having respective sets of row and column electrodes for selective application of energization potentials to selected ones of the dotlike areas to form a desired image. Display matrix driver circuit means are provided for selectively applying electric energization potentials to the row and column electrodes and includes two-dimensional shift register means for storing data whose image is to be displayed and applying the data as control electric signals to either of said set of column electrodes or said set of row electrodes for independently controlling the electrical energization potentials applied to selected ones of the dot-like areas. Time division multiplexing circuit means also are included in the driver circuit for deriving time division multiplexing discrete waveform electric signals unique to particular ones or the other of either said set of row or said set of column electrodes for causing desired ones of the dot-like areas selectively and time sequentially to be energized in accordance with the data to be presented and for moving the image of the data thus displayed left, right, up or down across the display panel in the manner of a traveling sign. In this arrangement, shifting of data stored in the shift register out onto and across the display panel and derivation of the time division multiplexing signals is synchronized by clock signal pulses supplied from a clock signal source in a microprocessor with which the display driver circuit is employed.
A further feature of the invention is the provision of a two-dimensional shift register wherein the individual shift register stages comprising the two-dimensional shift register each have two input terminals, one for vertical shifting upon the display being operated in the vertical traveling mode and one for horizontal shifting upon the display being operated in the horizontal traveling mode. The display driver circuit further includes field shift control decoder circuit means for receiving field shift control signals from the microprocessor and deriving field shift control enabling signals for supply to the shift register stages for conditioning the shift register to shift horizontally or vertically pursuant to a desired traveling image format.
A further feature of the invention is the provision of a two-dimensional traveling display wherein the display is designed for use with a wrist watch or clock and the data to be displayed is read out on the display panel in seconds, tens of seconds, units of minutes, tens of minutes, and hours reading the display panel from right to left as viewed by an observer.
The above objects, features, and many of the attendant advantages of this invention will become better understood upon a reading of the following detailed description, when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like parts in each of the several figures are identified by the same reference character, and wherein:
FIGS. 1A, 1B and 1C of the drawings illustrate the back plane, front plane and composite folded construction, respectively, of an LCD panel capable of providing a 10×28 dot matrix display;
FIG. 2 illustrates a series of waveforms of electrical energization potentials that are applied to the respective rows and columns of the display panel shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram of an overall two-dimensional traveling display constructed in accordance with the invention;
FIGS. 4A and 4B illustrate the layout of a two-dimensional shift register constructed according to the invention and suitable for use in a matrix driver circuit which comprises part of the invention and an important subsystem of the overall system shown in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a functional block diagram which shows two columns of the shift register depicted in FIGS. 4A and 4B and illustrates the construction of the multiplexing circuitry connected to the shift register cells;
FIG. 6 is a series of electric signal waveforms which are applied as time division multiplexing signals to the inputs of the circuitry shown in FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a functional block diagram of a row select wave form signal generator for use in deriving the row select wave form signals shown in FIG. 6;
FIG. 8A is a partial functional diagram illustrating one stage of the two-dimensional shift register illustrated partially in FIGS. 4A and 4B, as well as in FIG. 5;
FIG. 8B illustrates the waveform of a series of clock or shift signals used in shifting data to be presented through the shift register of FIG. 8A;
FIGS. 9A and 9B illustrate circuitry for use in deriving the shift pulse signals illustrated in FIG. 8B;
FIG. 10A illustrates the nature of a field control decoder circuit employed in deriving field control signals for application to the two-dimensional shift register to control the dimension in which data being displayed travels whether horizontally or vertically;
FIG. 10B illustrates a shift pulse routing circuit for routing the output from the decoder of FIG. 10A to control appropriate operation of the cells in the two-dimensional shift register; and
FIG. 11 is a functional block diagram showing an alternative multiplex type of shifting control for controlling the shifting of data through the two-dimensional shift register.
BEST MODE OF CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
One form of a dot matrix-liquid crystal display (DM-LCD) suitable for use in practising this invention is illustrated in FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C. FIG. 1A shows the back plane of a DM-LCD which comprises 5 rows of conductive electrodes 13 which are folded over to form 10 horizontal line electrodes 13 and 14. FIG. 1B shows the front plane of the DM-LCD and is comprised by an upper set of 28 column electrodes 15 and a lower set of 28 column electrodes 16. The two sets of electrodes are arranged such that the 28 upper column electrodes on the front plane are superimposed over the upper 5 row electrodes 13 and 14 of the back plane shown in FIG. 1A and the lower 28 column electrodes 16 on the front plane are superimposed over the lower 5 row electrodes 13 and 14 of the back plane. Thus, using 56 column electrodes and 5 rows, folded to form the 10×28 configuration, together with suitable polarizers 11P and 12P shown in FIG. 1C the resulting structure forms a 10×28 matrix or 280 uniformly spaced dot-like areas on the face of the superimposed front and back planes. The DM-LCD two-dimensional 10×28 display panel thus formed can be used as the display element in the two-dimensional traveling display described hereinafter.
The DM-LCD shown in FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C can be activated with appropriate waveform excitation potentials such as those shown in FIG. 2 of the drawings to cause the dot-like areas formed by the intersection of the front and back plane electrodes described in the preceding paragraph to change the light modifying characteristics of the display at the dot-like areas in the wellknown manner of liquid crystal displays. By appropriately tailoring the waveforms of the excitation signals supplied to the row and column electrodes, the RMS voltage or field produced across each dot-like area of the display can be independently controlled so as to cause that dot-like area to become either opaque or remain clear. In this manner, it is possible to display a 3×5, 4×7, 5×7 or any other size alphanumeric character. The manner in which these desired waveform electric signals are generated and applied to the DM-LCD will be described more fully hereinafter.
FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram of an overall two-dimensional traveling display according to the invention which is suitable for use with a liquid crystal watch. The display matrix panel for the system is shown at 12 and may be similar to that as shown and described with relation to FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C above. The display matrix panel 12 is driven by a display matrix driver circuit 17 which in turn is under the control of a microprocessor 18. The display matrix driver 17 will be described more fully hereinafter and the microprocessor 18 may comprise any of the known, commercially available, semiconductor integrated circuit microprocessors such as the Intel 8080 NMOS microprocessor. The microprocessor and display matrix driver circuit 17 are driven from a suitable source of electric power as the battery indicated at 19 and the microprocessor includes a clock signal source which may be crystal driven by the crystal shown at 21. Under the control of the microprocessor 18, the display matrix driver circuit 17 derives the appropriate waveform electric energization signals for application to the 28 top half column electrodes, the 28 bottom half column bottom electrodes, and the 5 row electrodes of the display matrix panel 12. The manner in which these excitation signals are derived will be described more fully hereinafter with relation to FIGS. 4 through 11. In constructing the two-dimensional display system shown in FIG. 3, it is anticipated that the microprocessor and its memory would be included in one semiconductor integrated circuit and the display driver circuit would be fabricated in a second semiconductor integrated circuit. However, for large production quantities, it is entirely feasible to fabricate both the microprocessor and its memory and the matrix driver circuit onto one semiconductor integrated circuit chip by known large scale integration fabrication techniques.
FIG. 4A is a functional diagram illustrating a preferred form of layout for a two-dimensional shift register which comprises a portion of the display matrix driver circuit 17 shown in FIG. 3. This schematic diagram is arranged to demonstrate the flow of data from the microprocessor 18 into the two-dimensional shift register, and the paths of shifting inside the shift register. It is assumed in this diagram that 8 bits of data are available from the microprocessor in one batch processing step. All, or a portion of these bits, can be shifted into the edges of the two-dimensional shift register in paths called fields. Eight of these paths through the shift register are shown in FIG. 4A, but other paths are also possible depending upon a desired display format. The preferred path shown in FIG. 4A is horizontal. With this arrangement, 7 of the data bits are conducted into the right hand edge of the two-dimensional shift register depicted in FIG. 4A into the third through ninth rows from the bottom of the shift register. With this arrangement, the 7 rows perform as 7 individual, serially coupled shift registers for shifting the data bits from right to left as viewed by the reader. As each vertical column of data reaches the left most edge of the shift register, in the course of successive shifting, the data should be no longer needed and is shifted off of the left hand edge of the shift register. The control lines for controlling shifting of the data through the register are not illustrated in FIG. 4A in order not to unduly complicate the drawing. Thus, it will be appreciated that the character patterns being displayed and shifted (traveling) through the shift register normally will reside in the 7 rows located in the third through ninth row from the bottom of the shift register. One wire of the data bus supplying the shift register is connected to the bottom row left side and the data supplied to this row is shifted to the right as a field of one row. This one row, for example, could be employed to insert decimal points.
As an alternative to the arrangement described in the preceding paragraph, under the field control of the microprocessor, as will be described hereinafter with relation to FIGS. 10A and 10B, data can be shifted into the two-dimensional shift register by inputting the data into the bottom row of each vertical column and thereafter shifting the data in vertical shift fields upwardly through the vertical columns a row at a time as depicted in FIG. 4A. When a vertical shift field is used, only those vertical columns included in the field being shifted are allowed to shift. Each column in the vertical field then will act like a serially coupled shift register. An enlarged detail of a portion of the two-dimensional shift register, showing how either shifting of the data horizontally by rows or vertically by columns is achieved, is shown in FIG. 4B. Details of construction of the individual cells of the two-dimensional shift register will be described more fully in connection with FIGS. 8A and 8B of the drawings.
FIG. 5 is a functional block diagram illustrating a portion comprising two vertical columns of the two-dimensional shift register and the associated column driver circuitry connected to the individual shift register cells comprising the two columns. The remaining 26 columns of the shift register and their associated column driver circuitry are connected in a similar fashion. As seen in FIG. 5, each of the 28 vertical columns comprise 10 shift register cells numbered 1 through 10 with the second column of shift register cells shown in FIG. 5 having a prime after their number. The lower set of 5 shift register cells have their output terminals connected as one input terminal to respective ones of 5 AND gates LA-1 through LA-5 and the upper set of shift register cells in each vertical column have their output connected to one input terminal of a set of 5 AND gates UA-6 through UA-10. The remaining input terminals of the lower and upper AND gates LA-1 through 5 and UA-6 through 10 are supplied with the time division multiplexing row circuit waveforms R1-10, R2-9, R3-8, R4-7, and R5-6 shown in FIG. 6 of the drawings. The manner in which these row select waveform signals are derived will be described later with respect to FIGS. 6 and 7 of the drawings. The outputs from the upper and lower sets of the five AND gates are supplied through respective OR gates LO-1, LO-2, and UO-1, UO-2, etc. to respective exclusive OR gates LEO-1, LEO-2, etc. and UEO-1, UEO-2, etc.
The five row select waveform signals R1-10 through R5-6 are pulsed with a pulse whose duty cycle is 1/5. These signals are mutually exclusive and are derived by the circuitry shown in FIG. 7 and are supplied to the circuitry shown in FIG. 5 along with the liquid crystal frequency signal which is applied as a clock signal pulse to the remaining input terminals of the exclusive OR circuits UEO-1, UEO-2, . . . LEO-1, LEO-2. In a particular embodiment of the invention, a 128 hertz liquid crystal frequency was employed along with a row select waveform frequency of 25.6 hertz. Asynchronously with and independent of the shift register operation, the data bits of the 56 half columns of the shift register, connected as shown in FIG. 5, are sampled sequentially by an associated AND gate, such as UA6 the two inputs of which are connected respectively to the output of one of the shift register cells 6 and to one of the row select waveform signals R5-6. The output of the AND gate enters a 5 input OR gate such as UO-1. The other 4 inputs to the OR gate are connected to the outputs of 4 similar AND gates, the inputs of which connect to the other 4 row select signals and the other 4 shift register cells in the same half column. The output of each OR circuit such as LO-1 or UO-1 is supplied as one input to the exclusive OR circuit such as UEO-1, LEO-1, etc. The other input to the exclusive OR circuits is the liquid crystal frequency clock signal whose waveform is shown as the top curve in FIG. 6. As a result of these connections, the output from each exclusive OR circuit such as LEO-1, UEO-1, etc. is a signal whose waveform is out of phase with the liquid crystal frequency when the contents of the sampled shift register cell is a logic one and otherwise is in phase when the sample shift register cell is at logic zero. The upper column waveform signals thus derived at the output of the exclusive OR gate UEO-1, UEO-2, etc. are supplied to the upper set of 28 vertically extending electrodes of the front panel shown in FIG. 1B of the liquid crystal display and the lower column waveform signals derived from the output of the exclusive OR gates LEO-1, LEO-2, etc. are supplied as the lower column waveform signals to the lower set of 28 electrodes of the liquid crystal display panel. The waveform of one of these upper or lower column waveform signals is illustrated in FIG. 2 of the drawings by the characteristic curve labled CN. From this curve it will be seen that each vertical column of the shift register is time sequentially read out and the contents of the respective shift register cell in each column applied to the upper or lower electrode of the display panel in time sequence starting from row 1 or 10 through row 5 or 6. Prior to being applied to the appropriate upper or lower column electrode or the liquid crystal display panel, the output of each of the 56 exclusive OR gates UEO-1, UEO-2 . . . LEO-1, LEO-2, etc. may be supplied through a level converter which shifts the level of the signal to an appropriate value column drive voltage to form the column drive waveform shown in FIG. 2 at CN ; however, steps must be taken to assure that the phase relations described above are maintained.
FIG. 7 illustrates the construction of the row select waveform generator circuitry and the level converter circuitry for deriving the liquid crystal display panel row electrode driving voltages having the row driver waveform shown in FIG. 2 as R1, R2 . . . R5. These row driver waveform signals shown in FIG. 2 then are applied to the row electrodes on the back panel of the liquid crystal display as shown in FIG. 1A, and are to be distinguished from the row select waveform signals from which they are derived and which are applied to the shift register cells to enable their readout as described above with relation to FIG. 5. For convenience, only the row driver circuitry for the first and tenth row waveform signal is illustrated. The other four row driver circuits are similar and hence have not been illustrated.
To generate the row select waveform signals, a 5-bit shift register shown at 22 in FIG. 7 is provided in the matrix driver circuitry and is supplied with clock signal pulses from the microprocessor at the liquid crystal frequency. These clock signals are applied to the clock input terminal of the 5-bit shift register 22 along with a data input which is serially fed to the shift register from the output of a NOR circuit 23. The output from NOR circuit 23 is high only when the logic contents of the first four states of the 5-bit shift register are all low or logic zero. Thus, shift register 22 is constrained always to contain one and only one high logic signal representative of a logic one. A logic one signal is shifted serially through the shift register 22 so that each of the 5-row select waveform signals will be produced at the output of each of the five stages, respectively, in rotation to yield the row select waveform signals shown in FIG. 6. In order to generate the respective row 1 and 10 electrode driver signals from the row 1 and 10 select waveform signal, the row 1 and 10 select waveform signal is selectively gated with the liquid crystal frequency clock signal, and with its inverse, through AND gates 24 and 25, respectively, to control transmission gates 27 and 28. These gates control the +ER and -ER voltage level. When the row select waveform is false, the inverse of the row select waveform, obtained through inverter 31, drives an EREF transmission gate 32 to connect the EREF potential level to the row 1 and 10 driver electrodes. In this manner, the row drive signals shown in FIG. 2 of the drawings are derived from the row select waveform signals.
FIG. 8A is a detailed schematic circuit diagram of a single shift register cell such as the cells numbered 1, 2, 3, etc. in FIG. 5 of the drawings. The shift register is of the type in which storage of data is achieved in a static manner but the shift of data from one shift register cell to the next is dynamic. Each shift register cell in the two-dimenisional shift register is constructed and operates in a known manner but for the fact that each cell has two inputs, one for horizontal shift and the other for vertical shift. Each shift register cell contains two CMOS-FET inverter circuits 41 and 42 of conventional known construction connected in series circuit relationship through a feedback loop that includes transmission gates 43 and 40 of conventional, known construction. With the transmission gates 43, and 40 closed (conducting) the two inverters 41 and 42 have positive feedback and can exist in two logic states. In one of the logic states, the output of the first inverter 41 is a logic zero or false and the output of the second inverter 42 is a logic one or true. In this state, the cell is said to contain a logic one. The other state for the cell is with the output of the first inverter 41 at a logic one or true level and the output of the second inverter 42 at a logic zero or false level in which state the cell is said to contain a logic zero. In the quiescient state for the cell, which is considered to be the normal state, the two input transmission gates 44 and 45 are in the open (nonconducting) condition and the two loop transmission gates 43 and 40 are closed (conducting). The transmission gate 44 connects the shift register cell to the next previous stage or cell to the right (unless the cell is in the last right hand column in which case the transmission gate 44 connects the cell to the data bus) and serves as the shift left input to the cell. The transmission gate 45 connects the input of the cell to the output from the next cell below, and serves as the shift up input to the cell.
FIG. 8B of the drawings shows a series of clock waveform shift control pulses labled QA and its inverse QA, QB and its inverse QB, and QC and its inverse QC which are applied to the respective transmission gates to produce a dynamic shift of the data stored in the cell. The manner in which the shift control signal pulses are derived will be described more fully hereinafter in connection with FIG. 9A of the drawings.
In order to perform a shift left operation with the shift register cell in FIG. 8A, first the QC and the QC, invert the state of the cell by causing transmission gate 43 to open and cease conduction. At this point, the positive feedback loop from second stage converter 42 to first stage inverter 41 is opened, and the input to the first inverter stage 41 is allowed to float. However, the previous voltage on the small input capacitance C1, of converter stage 41 retains its charge, and as a result neither stage changes state. Next, the QB and QB signals are applied and cause the transmission gate 40 to open and cease to conduct. Again, however, the previous voltage on the input to the second stage converter 42 is retained by its input capacitance C2, and still, neither stage changes state. Next, application of the QLA and QLA signals to transmission gate 44 causes this gate to close and commence conducting. If the former logic state of the cell is the same as the output of the next cell to the right in the shift register, no change in the state of the shift register cell will take place. If, however, the cells contain opposite states, then the input capacitance C1 of the first inverter stage charges to the new state of the cell to the right. As a result, the output of the first stage inverter 41 changes accordingly. At this point, the shift signals QLA and QLA revert back to their former normal state, allowing the transmission gate 40 to open, and the input capacitance C1 of the first inverter stage 41 again floats at its new charge or voltage level. With the cell in this condition, the shift signals QB and QB revert back to their normal state and the transmission gate 40 closes and commences to conduct thereby charging C2 to its new state. As a result, the output of the second inverter stage 42 assumes its new state which is the same as that represented by the voltage on the input capacitance C1. Finally, signals QC and QC, which have the longest time duration, revert back to their normal state causing the transmission gate 43 to close and recommence conducting thereby restoring the positive feedback loop and restoring the cell to its static storage state with the new bit value, and a shift left has been achieved.
In the event that it is desired to cause the two-dimensional shift register to shift up through the vertical columns as opposed to horizontally in rows, then the shift signals QUA and QUA are supplied to the transmission gate 45 thereby causing this gate to open and become conductive. This results in coupling the input of the first stage inverter 41 of the cell to the next cell below in the shift register. Here again, if the two cells are in the same state, no shift in the condition of the cell will occur. However, if the cell below is in a different state from the cell in question, then a shift in the states of the two inverters 41 and 42 will occur as described above with respect to the shift left operation. It is obvious to one skilled in the art that by appropriate interconnection of the hard leads between the various cells of the two-dimensional shift register, the shift register can be made to shift right or shift down as opposed to shifting left or shifting up.
FIG. 9A of the drawings is a functional block diagram of the circuitry included in the matrix driver circuit for generating the shift control signals shown in FIG. 8B of the drawings. Upon receipt of a clock signal pulse from the microprocessor, a 50 microsecond single shot multivibrator 51 of conventional, commercially available, semiconductor integrated circuit construction, generates a QC and a QC signal at the two output terminals thereof for a period of 50 microseconds. The QC output signal is supplied through a 10 microsecond delay circuit 52 shown in FIG. 9B of the drawings to the clock input terminal of a 30 microsecond single shot multivibrator circuit 53 of conventional construction which derives the two shift control signals QB and QB at its output terminals. The QB output of multivibrator 53 then is supplied through a second 10 microsecond delay circuit 54 to the clock input terminal of a 10 microsecond single shot multivibrator 54 which derives the QA and QA shift control signals.
In order to control the direction in which data is shifted through the two-dimensional shift register, whether vertically or horizontally, the shift control pulses supplied from the FIG. 9A circuitry are processed through suitable AND gate circuitry under the control of a control signal decoder 61 shown in FIG. 10A of the drawings. The decoder 61 may comprise a conventional, commercially available, semiconductor integrated circuit decoder such as the AY-16 line decoder or the RCA 4514 decoder. The decoder 61 receives shift control code pulses from the microprocessor and from these code pulses derives an output field shift control signal indicated as shift field A, shift field B, etc. according to which field is to be shifted. These shift field control signals then are routed through transmission gates to the appropriate shift cells as described earlier with relation to FIG. 8A. The shift field signal, such as drift field A, enables 3 AND gates 62, 63, and 64 directly and through an inverter 65 enables 3 inverted AND gates 66, 67, and 68. The remaining input terminals of the AND gates 62, 63, and 64 have the QA, QB, and QC shift control signals applied thereto so that these signals are supplied directly to the corresponding transmission gates of the shift register cells for field A, assumed to be a horizontal left to right shifting row by row. The inversely enabled inverted AND gates 66, 67, and 68 have the QA, QB and QC signals applied to their remaining input terminals, respectively, to derive at their outputs the required shift signals for application to the respective cells of the two-dimensional shift register.
FIG. 11 is a functional block diagram of alternative circuitry for accomplishing multiplexing out of the data stored in the two-dimensional shift register 40 in place of the rather complex network of AND gates and OR circuits described with relation to FIG. 5. In the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 11, alternate shift paths are provided in the shift register to loop each of the 56 half columns of 5 shift register cells within the shift register by means of a loop shift control circuit 70. Shift pulses are supplied to each of these loops at the 128 hertz liquid crystal frequency clock pulse rate from the microprocessor via the loop shift control circuitry 70. With this arrangement, during each cycle of the liquid crystal frequency clock pulses, the data stored in the next half column to be sampled during multiplexing, is made available by the provision of a feedback connection of the 5-bit shift register loops, respectively. Each of these loops then are connected to the respective exclusive OR circuits UEO-1, UEO-2 . . . and LEO-1, LEO-2, etc. described previously in connection with FIG. 5 which generates the desired matrix column drive waveform signals. The output signals from the exclusive OR circuits are processed through level shifting converters of conventional construction shown at LVC-1, LVC-2 . . . UVC-1, UVC-2, etc. for raising the voltage level of the signal to a value required to assure proper operation of the DM-LCD panel. By this arrangement, some simplification of the circuitry built into the matrix display driver circuit can be achieved.
From the foregoing description, it has been shown how data to be displayed is shifted, either a row or a column at a time, through a two-dimensional shift register, and how this data, in bits, is multiplexed out of the shift register and displayed. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the pattern or image stored by the data in the shift register is the image of the pattern displayed on the DM-LCD. Further, as the image in the shift register is shifted up or left at a rate, say, of 8 lines or rows per second, the image shown on the display panel also will be perceived by the viewer to move across the display panel in a smooth manner. In particular, if on each shift one column of a new character is shifted into the shift register, on successive shift pulses, that character will appear on the right hand side of the display as the characters previously written move smoothly to the left, not unlike the display of alphanumeric characters by the "Times Square" moving sign. If, on the other hand, the rows of an alphanumeric characters are written into the vertical shift field of, say, four columns on the right hand edge of the display, the characters previously written will shift up smoothly and off the face of the display panel as each new digit takes the place of the old, not unlike the operation of the trip mileage counter of an automobile odometer. In such an arrangement, the vertical shift fields can be made to coincide with the digits of a six-digit timepiece, showing, respectively from right to left, seconds, tens of seconds, units of minutes, tens of minutes, hours. The microprocessor can then be programmed to maintain and increment the values of the digits thus displayed and supply inputs to the display driver circuit at relatively long intervals, say, one-eighth of a second. Thus it will be appreciated that the duty cycle on the microprocessor has been greatly reduced since the display maintenance function has been assumed by the two dimensional shift register; and, hence, it is possible to provide an inexpensive, low-cost timekeeping module exhibiting superior appearance and interest to the user.
The terms "two-dimension", "rows", and "columns" as used herein while specifically describing a dot matrix using segments in X and Y orientation does not preclude use of the invention in a dot matrix arranged in a different manner such as polar coordinates, for example. In such case the back plane of the display would comprise arcuate sectors and the front plane would comprise radial segments emanating from one center. The same type of two dimensional shift register means and waveforms would be employed, and the display could shift radially in and out as well as rotary about a center.
Having described one embodiment and a variation thereto of a new and improved method and system for two-dimensional traveling displays and driver circuits therefore, other modifications, variations, and additions to the invention will be suggested to those skilled in the art in the light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that any such obvious changes are considered to come within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
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Review: The Sunny Leone biopic begins quite dramatically. We see a nervous Sunny — she is still Karenjit Kaur, the daughter of a conservative Sikh family settled in Canada – looking into the mirror. Her hesitation is palpable, so is her resolve. She is on the sets for a lingerie ad, the first project which demands that she shed her clothes and inhibitions in front of strangers. She does both with professionalism that will become something of her USP in years to come.


Waiting room at bus terminal in Louisville, Kentucky. Sunday morning at 3:00 a.m.
1873 map of the city of Louisville, Kentucky, New Albany & Jeffersonville, Ind.
Interior of the Chapel, Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, Louisville, Ky.
Imperial Hotel, located at 7th and Jefferson, in the heart of Louisville, Ky.
Bank of Louisville, new Broadway office, 626 W. Broadway, Louisville, Ky.
More photos and other items in Louisville!


I double clicked my firefox icon on the desktop and was prompted with firefox trying to execute winlogon (see screenshot). Shouldn't it be explorer trying to execute firefox?
Re: 3.0.9.221: Is this correct?
I cannot believe Firefox has something to do with winlogon indeed, but who knows.
Is CFP3 (tested on 3.0.9.221 beta) designed to run under a limited account? It appears as a process under task manager but doesn't appear in the system tray (see screenshot). Have restarted computer a few times with the same results but able to run and configure using the "run as" command using admin account.
Yes, it does sound a little odd . Another strange thing was (and this occured a couple of times, after each reboot) firefox was trying to execute quicktime and media player (none of which I had previously run).
Re: 3.0.9.221: Firefox trying to execute Winlogon ???
Very odd. I'd block for the moment (and see it something stops working). I don't see why should any program call winlogon.exe, never happened for me.
Of course although winlogon.exe is a core Windows app, make sure it's the one at the right location (C:\WINDOWS\system32\) because otherwise it's malware. But judging from your screenshot CFP says it's the legit one so don't panic for now.
If it's not because of your recent CFP beta upgrade (can't see how it would be possible for that to cause your browser to call winlogon.exe), you may ask in some specialized Firefox forum.
Is your Firefox did the upgrade to the version 2.0.0.7?
1. You will reboot or you will shut down the computer.
2. You left alone the computer and it'll either lock down or will run a screensaver or will do something.
In these cases, firefox is only a name (like at OLE automation at 2.4).
I should also mention that this didn't occur in the previous beta (3.0.8 ) so I'm guessing it's a "possible" problem with 3.0.9.221. The same goes for Firefox loading Quicktime and media player (very odd). Btw, I'm running Firefox 2.0.0.7.
Edit: Firefox Add-ons = Adblock Plus, Forecastfox and NoScript.
6. Proxy (allow). Note: currently testing at work.
Nobody running XP under a limited account? Shame on you .
I guess your right . Oh well, I will wait patiently for the next release and see what happens.


NB: any resemblance of the stories herefrom linked to any actual events, persons, or other real stuff is strictly coincidental. Contents may have settled during transit, and the value of your investment may fall as well as rise.
Copyright (c) 2001 Chris Lightfoot. All rights reserved.


text:
Q: Separating Environments in AWS Is there a best practice around separating environments in AWS?
I've got a solution that employs the following services:

*

*Lambda

*SNS

*SQS

*DyanmoDB

*API Gateway

*S3

*IAM

We're not live yet, but we're getting close. By the time we go-live, I'd like a proper production, test, and development environment with a "reasonable" amount of isolation between them.

*

*Separate account per environment

*Single Account and separate VPC per environment

I read the article AWS NETWORKING, ENVIRONMENTS AND YOU by Charity Majors. I'm down with segmentation via VPC, but I don't know that all the services in my stack are VPC scoped? Here are some of my requirements:

*

*Limit Service Name Collision (for non global services)

*Establish a very clear boundary between environments

*Eventually, grant permissions at the environment level

I am using an AWS Organization.
P.S. Apologies if this isn't the right forum for the question. If there is something better, just let me know and I'll move it.

A: Avoid separate accounts for each environment to avoid additional complexity and obstacles in accessing shared resources.
Try rather using:

*

*resource groups

*tagging
as recommended by AWS:
https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/startups/managing-resources-across-multiple-environments-in-aws/

A: I recommend one AWS account per environment. The reasons, in no particular order:

*

*security: managing complex IAM policies to create boundaries within a single account is really hard; conversely, one account per environment forces boundaries by default: you can enable cross account access but you have to be very deliberate

*auditing access to your different environments is more difficult when all activity happens in the same account

*performance: some services don't have the same performance characteristics when operating in VPC vs non-VPC (ie. Lambda cold starts increased latency when operating in VPC)

*naming: instead of using the AWS account id to identify the environment you're operating in, you have to add prefixes or suffixes to all the resources in the account - this is a matter of preference but nonetheless..

*compliance: if you ever need to adhere to some compliance standard such as HIPAA which imposes strict restrictions on how long you can hold on to data and who can access data, it becomes really difficult to prove which data is production and which data is test etc. (this goes back to #1 and #2 above)

*cost control: in dev, test, staging environments you may want to give people pretty wide permissions to spin up new resources but put low spending caps to prevent accidental usage spikes; conversely in a production account you'll want restricted ability to spin up resources but higher spending caps; easy to enforce via separate account - not so much in the same account

Did I miss anything? Possibly! But these are the reasons why I would use separate accounts.
By the way - I am NOT advocating against using VPCs. They exist for a reason and you should definitely use VPCs for network isolation. What I am trying to argue is that anybody who also uses other services such as DynamoDb, Lambda, SQS, S3 etc - VPCs are not really the way to isolate resources, IMO.
The downsides to one account per stage that I can think of are mostly around continuous deployment if you use tools that are not flexible enough to be able to deploy to different accounts.
Finally, some people like to call on billing as a possible issue but really, wouldn't you want to know how much money you spend on Production vs Staging vs Development ?!

A: The account separation is recommended by the AWS Well Architected Framework security pillar.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


There are no other files named kbdmac.elib in the archive.
KBDMAC)Defining and calling keyboard macros.4S Put commands on keys.  Create execution stack.=S This is the FS TYI SOURCE for running keyboard macros."S Push a kbd macro onto the execution stack of such.
and a string pointer to the macro as post-comma argument.\^R Run the last defined temporary keyboard macro.
A numeric argument is a repeat count.^R Begin defining keyboad macro.
part of the accumulating keyboard macro as well as being executed.
repeating its definition as if you typed it in from scratch.1S FS TYI SINK for defining kbd macros.
which will be formed into a keyboard macro when the definition is finished.Y^R Terminate definition of a keyboard macro.
except this command itself, becomes the definition.
argument as repeat count, counting defining the macro as once.
re-executes the last macro defined.1C Give a name to the last kbd macro defined.
put the macro on.  Type C-G if you don't want one.
Combinations with prefix characters such as Altmode and C-X may be used.
Call this function with any numeric argument to inhibit its asking for a key.IC Print definition of a keyboard macro.
Supply a suffix string argument containing the command name.
the character which runs the macro.S Verify that a certain command can be redefined.
self-inserting, or a string starting with !Temp!.
passed as a string pointer.<^R Query and continue macro execution.
Rubout terminates this repetition of the macro.
Altmode terminates all repetitions of the macro.
. terminates after the end of this repetition of the macro.
^R enters a recursive edit;  when you exit, you are asked again.
^L clears the screen and asks you again.
Anything else exits all macros and is reread as a command.
but it is done even when the macro is being defined.qC Write the keyboard macro(s) to a file.
KMAC.ELIB).  You need only specify the file name.


ALL RATES ARE QUOTED PER PERSON, PER DIVER. IF THERE ARE 2 DIVERS IN YOUR GROUP, THEN ADD THE DOUBLE OCCUPANCY RATE AND CHANGE THE QUANTITY TO 2 .
ALL RATES ARE QUOTED PER PERSON, PER DIVER. IF THERE ARE 2 DIVERS IN YOUR GROUP, THEN ADD THE DOUBLE OCCUPANCY RATE AND CHANGE THE QUANTITY TO 2 IF YOU ARE PAYING FOR BOTH.


text:
NewsBank Partners with the New Canaan Museum and Historical Society to Provide the Digital Library of Early American Newspapers
« SMALL BUSINESS BIG IDEAS: TEACH YOUR CUSTOMERS TO LOVE YOU ONE EMAIL AT A TIME
Science in the News presents: The Molecular Macarena: Coordinating Your Body's Movements »
NewsBank Partners with the New Canaan Museum and Historical Society to Provide the Digital Library of Early American Newspapers Thanks to the generosity of Dan Jones, President and CEO of NewsBank, the New Canaan Museum & Historical Society now offers researchers the opportunity to explore two major historical archive collections – Early American Newspapers and Historical News Archives. Students and historians alike will be able to explore what was going on in local communities to research national and international episodes, and to compare and contrast the impact of such major events as the Civil War, the Great Depression and the Civil Rights Movement on cities and towns throughout the country.
Early American Newspapers is a comprehensive online resource with more than 6000 searchable newspapers from 1690-1922. Created through partnerships with the American Antiquarian Society, the Library of Congress and more than 90 other institutions, the papers come from all 50 states and Washington, D.C.
Historical News Archives is a database of more than 100 newspapers, including such well-known publications as the San Francisco Chronicle, the New Orleans Times Picayune and the Miami Herald, as well as the local Norwalk Hour and Stamford Advocate.
Both collections are searchable by key word for ease of use. Together they form a comprehensive digital record of American history, culture and life.
"This is an amazing addition to the resources we have available to our members," said Nancy Geary, Executive Director of the New Canaan Museum & Historical Society. "I know this digital library will spark curiosity and promote learning. We are very grateful to Dan Jones and NewsBank for making it available to the New Canaan community through the Historical Society."
"NewsBank is delighted to partner with the New Canaan Museum and Historical to learn and understand the value of this content to its members so we can continue to improve the value that can be brought to other Historical Societies", said Mr. Jones.
New Canaan Museum and Historical Society members can access the archives by coming to the offices of the New Canaan Museum & Historical Society, 13 Oenoke Ridge, New Canaan, from Tuesday – Friday 9:30-4:30 or by appointment. A personal access code which allows for access outside of the Society's building is available at the $500 membership level. All others can use the service at the offices for a $10 daily usage fee.
Training sessions will be held on Wednesdays from 3-4 pm throughout May. For more information or to make a reservation, please call 203-966-1776 ext. 3
Historical Society Event
https://nchistory.org/
New Canaan Historical Society
newcanaan.historical@gmail.com
http://www.nchistory.org
13 Oenoke Ridge


text:
America's Got Talent 15: Who Got The First Golden Buzzer?
AMERICA'S GOT TALENT -- "Auditions 1" Episode 1501 -- Pictured: Vincent Marcus -- (Photo by: Trae Patton/NBC)
It is season fifteen of NBC's America's Got Talent and it promises to be quite an interesting season. Due to the COVID19 pandemic there were many changes, so I am curious to see where this goes in terms of auditions and live shows. Sofia Vergara joins the judges table, along with Simon Cowell, Howie Mandel and Heidi Klum, who is back after a short hiatus.
Pork Chop Revue: This is a pig version of the dog acts we are used to from past seasons. It is like AGT meets Green Acres. It is wild, fun and it is a refreshing change from previous animal acts. I love how Heidi has to kiss one of the pigs. I am quite impressed….and not at all surprised they are unanimously sent to the next round.
Bad Salsa: This is a dance act consisting of a 15 year old and 20 year old partnered together. They are like the Houghs on steroids. I am literally obsessed and so is everyone watching….everyone has smiles, jaws on the ground and in awe. Those lifts and tosses and moves…holy cannoli. It is no shock they are in the next round.
Wee have a dancing Whoopie Cushion act….who gets rejected.
Broken Roots: This is a pair of country singers who just bring cheers and tears to the room….WOW. I cannot believe these two men never performed together before.
It is such a beautiful, touching performance and I literally cannot stop crying. The performance, their friendship, all they went through…..all of it is making me cry. These are the talented men of AGT….and of the next round.
See also The Baby-Sitters Club Recap For Mary Anne and the Great Romance
Malik DOPE Drummer: He is someone who worked hard to get here and even faced death (due to a car accident) to ry and make his dreams come true. This act is DOPE! The drumming, his hip movement, that spirit…..there is no way he is not going to the live shows. He reminds me of Michael B Jordan circa 2000s….when he was on All My Children. He is on to the next round.
Ryan Tricks: Ryan is an English mind reader and magician who stars in the BBC 3 series Ryan Tricks on the Streets and Dirty Tricks. He also appeared on Britain's Got Talent. He does a card trick with Simon and Howie, which goes into a mentalist trick that makes a cookie appear. He is on to the next round.
Archie Williams: He went to prison for a crime he did not commit and was only released last years he to DNA evidence. His story is so heartbreaking but his strength is to be admired. His voice is incredible and has me in tears. WOW. I think he secured a place in the finals with this performance. WOW. Every single person is in tears. He makes it to the next round. Heidi is right, this is one powerful performance.
He is wearing a Scream type mask and dancing. It reminds me of something I would see at closing time in a bar. He is sent home.
We get a montage of rejected acts and then see Michael, who does a sock puppet singing act. He gets rejected as well.
See also The Masked Singer: The Flower is Revealed!
Double Dragon: These twins do a rendition of It's raining men that has everyone screaming cheering and on their feet. WOW. It was fun, flirty and fantastic. They are onto the next round.
Vincent Marcus: He does a rapping version of nursery rhymes WITH IMPRESSIONS OF RAPPERS and I think I legit may be in love with this dude. If he doesn't win, he can at least make kids laugh? He is onto the next round.
Moses: This is some kind of contortionist danger act that has me covering my eyes and flinching,but still peeking because it is awesome….and because Moses is HOT. I am not sure how he can top this, but since he made it to round two, we are about to find out.
Voices of Our City Choir: This is a choir that has people of all ages who have faced homelessness and want to help those facing it. They remind me of Voices of Service from last season and WHOA….they have me in tears A-GAIN tonight.
Terry GIVES THEM THE GOLDEN BUZZER!!
MORE NEXT WEEK, STAY TUNED!!!
See also ICYMI: Bob Hearts Abishola Recap for TLC Tunde's Loving Care
AGT Premiere
Celebrity Spotlight: Sera-Lys McArthur
Lennox Hill Launches on Netflix June 10th