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Die USS Greeneville (SSN-772) ist ein Atom-U-Boot der United States Navy und gehört der Los-Angeles-Klasse an. Die Greeneville wurde 1996 als vorletzte Einheit ihrer Klasse in Dienst gestellt. Sie rammte bei einem simulierten Notauftauchen 2001 das Fischereischulschiff Ehime Maru, das durch die Kollision unterging und 9 Japaner in den Tod riss.

Name, Insigne und Motto des Bootes

Die USS Greeneville wurde nach der Stadt Greeneville in Tennessee benannt, einer Stadt mit nur 15.000 Einwohnern und die kleinste Stadt, nach der ein U-Boot benannt wurde.

Dies geht zurück auf eine Initiative der Greeneville Metal Manufacturing, einer Firma, die auch U-Boot-Teile fertigt. Aus dieser Firma heraus startete eine Initiative (USS GREENEVILLE Committee), welche die Benennung eines U-Bootes nach der Stadt durchsetzen wollte. In dieser Kampagne waren neben dem Bürgermeister auch lokale Unternehmen und Bildungseinrichtungen eingebunden, letztlich flog sogar eine zwölfköpfige Delegation nach Washington, D.C., wo sie Senatoren, aber auch Mitarbeiter des Marineministers und von Präsident George H. W. Bush traf, um diese von ihrer Idee zu überzeugen. Schließlich hatte die Gruppierung Erfolg, am 12. Dezember 1989 – mehr als zwei Jahre vor Kiellegung – teilte Marineminister Henry L. Garrett III mit, SSN-772 werde den Namen USS Greeneville erhalten.

Das Insigne des Greenville zeigt ein U-Boot im Tennessee River, dahinter die Appalachen. Im Vordergrund sind zwei gekreuzte Gewehre zu sehen. Das Logo wird eingerahmt vom Schriftzug USS Greeneville und dem Motto des Bootes, Volunteers Defending Frontiers (dt.: Freiwillige verteidigen die Grenzen). Dieses Motto lehnt sich an den offiziellen Spitznamen des Staates Tennessee an, Volunteer State.

Technik
Als Einheit der Los-Angeles-Klasse ist die 110 Meter lange und 10 Meter breite Greeneville in der Lage, unter Wasser Geschwindigkeiten von über 30 Knoten zu erreichen. Sie wird angetrieben von einer einzelnen siebenblättrigen Schraube; über eine Welle wirken rund 35.000 PS, die von einem Druckwasserreaktor erbracht werden.

Die Greeneville gehört zum Flight III, also der dritten Modifikationsstufe der Los-Angeles-Klasse. Daher befinden sich die Tiefenruder nicht mehr am Turm, wie bei früheren Booten der Klasse, sondern direkt vor dem Turm am Rumpf und sind einziehbar, um das Auftauchen durch Oberflächeneis hindurch zu erleichtern.

Das Boot hat vier Bugtorpedorohre, durch die Mark-48-Schwergewichtstorpedos, aber auch Flugkörper der Modelle UGM-84 Harpoon und UGM-109F Tomahawk sowie Minen ausgestoßen werden können. Außerdem liegen vor dem Turm zwölf vertikale Abschussrohre für Tomahawk-Marschflugkörper, die allerdings während der Fahrt nicht nachgeladen werden können.

Geschichte

Bau und Testfahrten
Die Greeneville wurde am 14. Dezember 1988 bei Newport News Shipbuilding als 61. und vorletzte Einheit der Los-Angeles-Klasse für 900 Mio. US-Dollar bestellt. Die Kiellegung erfolgte am 16. April 1992, der Stapellauf am 17. Dezember 1994. Getauft wurde die Greeneville von Tipper Gore, der Ehefrau Al Gores. Die Indienststellung bei der US Navy fand am 16. Februar 1996 statt, ihr erster Kommandant war Duane B. Hatch. Sie wurde in der Naval Station Norfolk stationiert.

Die obligatorischen Funktionstests wurden von Februar bis Juli 1996 vor der Ostküste der Vereinigten Staaten durchgeführt. Danach folgte von August bis Februar 1997 eine Werftliegezeit, bei der die Geräuschdämmung und die Verlässlichkeit der Technik an Bord verbessert wurden. Außerdem wurde das Boot für den Transport von Tiefseerettungstauchbooten, dem Advanced SEAL Delivery System (ein Tauchboot zum verdeckten Einsatz von SEALs) sowie das Dry Deck Shelter nachgerüstet. Danach wurde die Greeneville nach Pearl Harbor auf Oʻahu (Hawaii) verlegt.

Erste Mission
Die erste Mission der Greeneville von Pearl Harbor aus begann am 22. Juli 1998 und dauerte bis zum 22. Januar 1999. Die Fahrt führte in den westlichen Pazifischen Ozean. Während dieser Zeit besuchte die Greeneville die Städte Sasebo und Yokosuka in Japan und die Insel Guam.

Der Ehime-Maru-Unfall
Am 9. Februar 2001 fand 9 Seemeilen (sm) vor Diamond Head auf der hawaiischen Insel Oʻahu ein Tauchgang mit ausgewählten Zivilpersonen, darunter mehrere Vorstände diverser Rüstungsunternehmen, statt. Dabei wurde auch ein so genanntes Notauftauchen praktiziert, bei dem sämtliche Pressluft an Bord in die Ballasttanks gepumpt wird. Daneben wird der Schraubenantrieb noch auf "Äußerste Kraft" gestellt, womit ein Boot der Los-Angeles-Klasse etwa 35 Knoten Horizontalfahrt erreicht, so dass es steil nach oben schießt und die Wasseroberfläche mit hoher Geschwindigkeit in einem Winkel von 45° durchbricht. Die Geschwindigkeit ist hierbei – vektoriell – größer als die bei horizontaler Fahrt erreichbaren 35 Knoten, da durch das Ausblasen der Tanks eine starke Auftriebskraft entsteht, die das U-Boot in Aufwärtsrichtung antreibt.

Während dieses Manövers waren zwei der Zivilisten an den Bedienelementen des Bootes. Gegen 13:38 Uhr Ortszeit (Hawaii-Aleutian Standard Time) verbrachte das Boot laut den Aufzeichnungen der Instrumente, die von der NTSB ausgewertet wurden, gut 1:30 Minuten auf Periskoptiefe (ca. 60–70 Fuß), tauchte danach in knapp 2:30 Minuten auf 405 Fuß (123 Meter) ab und änderte den Kurs nach Backbord, von 120° auf 20°. Anschließend begann das Notauftauchen, das gut eine Minute in Anspruch nahm.

Gegen 13:50 Uhr Ortszeit prallte das Heck der Greeneville gegen die achtere Backbordseite der Ehime Maru, einem japanischen Fischereischulschiff. Dabei schlitzte der obere Teil des Ruders das Schiff auf und öffnete den Maschinenraum zum Meer hin. Durch den starken Wassereinbruch sank die Ehime Maru in weniger als zehn Minuten; neun Besatzungsmitglieder des Schulschiffes, darunter vier Schüler, kamen dabei ums Leben, 26 weitere wurden von der US Coast Guard gerettet.

Das Wrack wurde acht Tage später in 610 Metern Tiefe gefunden. Im Oktober 2001 wurde das Wrack von zwei Firmen (Smit International und Crowley Maritime Corp.) im Auftrag der US Navy angehoben und näher zur Insel Oʻahu geschleppt, wo es in 35 Metern Tiefe wieder am Grund abgesetzt wurde. In den folgenden 29 Tagen führten japanische und amerikanische Taucher insgesamt 534 Tauchgänge durch und bargen neben persönlichen Gegenständen, dem Namensschild, der Schiffsglocke und dem Steuer auch acht der neun Leichen.

Am 25. November schließlich wurde die Ehime Maru ein letztes Mal angehoben und in 2600 Meter tiefem Wasser in Anwesenheit dreier Angehöriger der ehemaligen Besatzung versenkt. Die gesamte Operation kostete etwa 60 Mio. US-Dollar.

Der Kommandant der Greeneville, der in Japan aufgewachsene Cmdr. Scott Waddle, übernahm die volle Verantwortung für das Unglück. Er erhielt einen Verweis, auf ein Militärgerichtsverfahren wurde allerdings verzichtet, so dass Waddle bei vollen Pensionsansprüchen ehrenhaft aus der Navy ausscheiden konnte. Er entschuldigte sich im März schriftlich bei den Hinterbliebenen sowie Politikern und Offiziellen der Schule. Waddle schrieb ein Buch über seine Erfahrungen, The right Thing (dt. Das Richtige), in dem er sich als guten Christen beschreibt, der sich der Qual gestellt hat, anstatt Selbstmord zu begehen.

Auf Oʻahu wurde in Honolulu ein Denkmal für die Ehime Maru und ihre Toten errichtet.

Die USS Greeneville erlitt nur leichte Beschädigungen, musste jedoch ins Trockendock der Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard, um entstandene Schäden am Ruder sowie mittschiffs auf Höhe des Turms beheben zu lassen. Dort blieb sie bis Anfang April 2001; im weiteren Verlauf des Monats führte sie mehrere Probe- sowie Auffrischungsfahrten durch. Die Reparatur kostete ca. 2 Mio. US-Dollar.

Ein eingerichteter Untersuchungsausschuss kam zu dem Ergebnis, dass sowohl die Sonarsuche wie auch eine Suche mit dem Periskop nicht sorgfältig genug ausgeführt worden war, außerdem sollen die an Bord befindlichen Zivilisten die Kommunikation der Besatzungsmitglieder gestört haben.

Aufgrundlaufen bei Saipan
Die erste Entsendung nach dem Unfall begann im August 2001. Dabei begab sich die Greeneville unter ihrem neuen Kommandanten, Cmdr. David Bogan, auf eine Routinemission in den westlichen Pazifik (WESTPAC).

Während dieser Fahrt ereignete sich ein weiteres Unglück, als die Greeneville am 27. August auf Grund lief. Das Boot sollte zu einem Besuch in den Hafen von Saipan einlaufen. Die Anfahrt wurde jedoch auf Grund rauer See abgebrochen. Bei dem dafür notwendigen Wendemanöver schrammte das Heck über die Riffe nahe der Hafeneinfahrt. Hierbei wurden die Unterseite der Hülle und das Ruder leicht beschädigt. Die Greeneville fuhr danach an der Oberfläche nach Guam, wo Marinetaucher eines U-Boot-Tenders den Schaden untersuchten, jedoch keine schweren Schäden feststellen konnten. Die Kosten für die Reparaturen beliefen sich auf gut 120.000 US-Dollar.

Im Anschluss daran erfolgte am 11. September eine formale Untersuchung des Vorfalls unter der Leitung von Konteradmiral Joseph E. Enright. Der Untersuchungsbericht stellte die Verwendung veralteter Seekarten fest, die unzureichend manuell aktualisiert worden waren. Besonders fatal war offenbar die im Bericht genannte Missinterpretierung der Seezeichen, die entsprechend dem Lateralsystem die Schifffahrtsstraße zum Hafen seitlich markierten. Diese Fehleinschätzung ergab sich wohl aus dem Umstand, dass an amerikanischen Küsten das IALA-B-System verwendet wird, während im westlichen Pazifik überwiegend das IALA-A-System üblich ist. So kam es, dass ein Kurs gesetzt und genehmigt wurde, der das U-Boot außerhalb des gekennzeichneten Fahrwassers führte, wo es zur Grundberührung kam. All dies unternahm die Besatzung dem Bericht zufolge ohne den Versuch, die Hilfe eines Hafenlotsens in Anspruch zu nehmen. Am 12. September wurden von der disziplinarischen Kommission Konteradmiral Joseph E. Enrights (Admiral's Mast) allen beteiligten Offizieren Verweise wegen Gefährdung des Schiffs erteilt. Aufgrund der Untersuchung wurde David Bogan durch Konteradmiral John B. Padgett III seines Kommandos enthoben.

Kollision mit der USS Ogden

Der nächste Einsatz der Greeneville fand ab Ende 2001 statt und sah für das U-Boot Operationen als Geleitschutz für die USS Bonhomme Richard (LHD-6) im Rahmen der Operation Enduring Freedom vor. Nur ein halbes Jahr nach dem Vorfall vor Saipan, am 27. Januar 2002, kollidierte die Greeneville während eines Personaltransfers 40 sm vor der Küste von Oman mit der USS Ogden (LPD-5). Das Wetter während der Operation wurde als windig beschrieben. Zwei Matrosen, in deren Familien sich Todesfälle ereignet hatten, sollten die Greeneville verlassen und in die Vereinigten Staaten zurückkehren. Noch bevor der Transfer stattfinden konnte, berührten sich beide Schiffe, wobei das Heckruderkreuz der Greeneville mit der Außenhaut der Ogden zusammenstieß. Dabei wurde ein Treibstofftank der Ogden aufgerissen und durch das 13 cm × 46 cm große Loch liefen mehrere tausend Liter Dieseltreibstoff ins Meer. Beide Schiffe konnten die Unglücksstelle jedoch mit eigener Kraft verlassen, es gab keine Verletzten.

Die Schäden an der Greeneville wurden später in Diego Garcia behoben. Die Kosten beliefen sich auf rund 200.000 US-Dollar. Der Kommandant, Cmdr. Lee Hankins, der die Greeneville seit dem 22. Oktober befehligte, wurde gerügt, behielt sein Kommando aber. Im Gegensatz dazu wurde der Kommandant der Ogden, Cmdr. William Edwards, von seinem Kommando entbunden.

Die Greeneville als Teil einer Expeditionary Strike Group

Bezüglich der turnusmäßigen Ablösung von Hankins im Juli 2004, als Cmdr. Lorin Selby das Boot übernahm, sagte der Commodore des Submarine Squadron One, dem die Greeneville angehört, Capt. Cecil Haney:

Sowohl während der Zeit unter Hankins als auch später unter Selby übte die Greeneville als erstes U-Boot in einer solchen Einheit ihre Rolle in der Expeditionary Strike Group One, die als schnelle Eingreiftruppe in Zeiten des Krieges gegen den Terrorismus dient. (Zitat Cmdr. Harkin: We are a 9-1-1 force, dt.: Wir sind die schnelle Eingreiftruppe der 911 (Notruf in den USA))

Die erste Entsendung mit der ESG 1 begann Ende August 2003 und dauerte sechs Monate. Flaggschiff der Gruppe, die aus insgesamt sieben Einheiten bestand, war die USS Peleliu. Außerdem waren zwei Landungsschiffe (USS Germantown und USS Ogden), ein Kreuzer (USS Port Royal), eine Fregatte (USS Jarrett) und ein Zerstörer (USS Decatur) beteiligt.

Der Einsatz dauerte bis in den März 2004, die Greeneville bekam dafür die Navy Unit Commendation verliehen, die in Friedenszeiten für im Vergleich zu anderen Einheiten exzellent ausgeführte Operationen vergeben wird.

Spätere Operationen
Ende 2006 verlegte die Greeneville zu ihrer nächsten Einsatzfahrt. Die nicht näher spezifizierte sechsmonatige Fahrt führte das U-Boot in den Befehlsbereich der 7. Flotte, also den westlichen Pazifik und den Indischen Ozean. Unter anderem befand sich die Greeneville Anfang 2007 für Wartungsarbeiten einige Tage in Apra Harbor auf Guam. Im Anschluss nahm sie an der Übung Exercise Foal Eagle 2007 teil und machte dann im April zu einem Freundschaftsbesuch in Jinhae, Südkorea, fest.

Im Oktober 2007 verließ das U-Boot Pearl Harbor und lief in den Atlantik, um sich in der Portsmouth Naval Shipyard in Kittery, Maine einer gründlichen Überholung und Modernisierung zu unterziehen. Diese dauerte bis Juni 2009.

Siehe auch
 Liste von U-Boot-Unglücken seit 1945

Weblinks

 Eintrag in Naval Vessel Register (engl.)
 Homepage (engl.)
 Berichte des NTSB zum Ablauf des Unglücks mit der Ehime Maru (engl.)

Einzelnachweise

Los-Angeles-Klasse
Newport News Shipbuilding
Internationaler Seezwischenfall
Greeneville

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HomeCrime2 arrested for passing counterfeit bills at Vero Beach Target
2 arrested for passing counterfeit bills at Vero Beach Target
April 29, 2017 Scott Lee Crime 0
Indian River County Sheriff's Office arrest 2 people after passing counterfeit money to the Target store in Vero Beach.
VERO BEACH – A suspect who allegedly works for the Orange County Sheriff's Office was arrested for passing counterfeit bills at the Target store in Vero Beach.
A Target asset protection officer called the Indian River County Sheriff's Office to report someone passing counterfeit bills at the store.
Vanessa Angel Rodriguez, whose identity has been concealed because she allegedly works for the Orange County Sheriff's Office, was seen at two other Target stores in Melbourne, and one in Viera attempting to pass the counterfeit money.
When the suspect entered the store in Vero Beach, the store's asset protection officer recognized her from photos that were passed to other stores earlier in the day.
As Rodriguez was attempting to purchase three boxes of Legos, she handed three $100 bills to the cashier. The bills were ran through Target's counterfeit detection machine which every bill failed.
Target notified the Indian River County Sheriff's Office about the bills. A few moments later, Rodriguez abandoned the merchandise and exited the store. A deputy spotted the subject getting into a white car where she and the driver were detained.
Rodriguez told law enforcement that she received the money from babysitting.
The driver of the vehicle, Shedy Ibrahim, 32, said Rodriguez works for the Orange County Sheriff's Office. He also said that he got the money from someone in Orlando and received $100 for every $400 he spends. Ibrahim was aware that the money was counterfeit.
Rodriguez and Ibrahim were arrested and transported to the Indian River County Jail where they were charged with Felony Utter Forged Instrument, and Felony Utter Forged or Counterfeit Bill.
DISCLAIMER: Arrests and mugshots were made public by complaint affidavits, arrest affidavits, and police reports. All persons arrested are innocent until proven guilty.
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Vero Beach News
About Scott Lee
Scott Lee is a columnist and reporter for Sebastian Daily. Scott moved to Indian River County in 2015 and has been writing for various publications for approximately 30 years. Currently, he writes part-time and manages a featured column about local businesses in Sebastian and Vero Beach.
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Magazine Digital Archive
Crop Care
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Decision Agriculture
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AGCO Resources
Saving the Ogallala: How to Reverse Its Decline
A number of efforts are underway to help save water in the Ogallala Aquifer for future generations. Conservation is critical, but artificially recharging such an aquifer, even though it has to overcome sizeable hurdles, is a must.
By Richard Banks
<< See the story from FarmLife: "A Sinking Feeling: Saving the Ogallala"
First, to recharge an aquifer, one needs surplus water. Western Kansas, which was once considered part of the "Great American Desert" and where, accordingly, the aquifer's decline is most severe, runs dry most years. Yet, studies are underway to help natural forces replenish the Ogallala, itself part of the High Plains Aquifer.
First, consider it would take anywhere from 5,000 to 10,000 years for nature to run its course and replenish the Ogallala, according to Andrew Ziegler, director of the United States Geological Survey Kansas Water Science Center. Now, take into account that 40% of the aquifer has been depleted through pumping, mainly for agricultural irrigation since the end of World War II. In some areas of western Kansas, the Ogallala is already reportedly too low to pump.
Nascent Technology Shows Promise: Equus Beds
Because of the relative speed of that drawdown, alarm bells have sounded, leading officials in Kansas, as well as others in the High Plains, to study and develop various methods to artificially recharge groundwater sources. One project currently underway is in central part of the state, where the City of Wichita has been recharging the Equus Beds aquifer, the easternmost portion of the High Plains aquifer in Kansas.
Underway since 2007, phase 2 of the project was completed in 2013. The amount of water artificially recharged into the aquifer has totaled, as of July 2016, about 8,600 acre-feet, according to Scott Macey, City of Wichita water resource engineer. That total, according to figures from Macey, is about 15% of the total Wichita draws in a year, cumulatively, from the aquifer as well as a local reservoir.
"Recent weather has allowed the Phase 2 facility to achieve its target performance," Macey writes in a recent email to FarmLife. However, he continues, "River flows and water quality conditions in the years 2013-2015 have limited the number of days the [aquifer storage and recovery] ASR plant operated.
"When runoff occurs, the water sometimes contains contaminants that are undesirable for recharge to the aquifer. When the contaminant levels exceed the treatment plant's ability to remove them, the water should not be taken from the river."
According to Mandy Stone, project chief for Equus study, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Kansas Water Science Center, the project's planners have successfully monitored the recharge project's effect on water quality. "Studies have shown minimal effects of artificial recharge on Equus Beds aquifer water quality and indicate some benefits from recharge efforts, such as increasing water levels in parts of the aquifer," says Stone. She notes that recharge efforts have slowed the encroachment of or diluted the presence of pollutants coming from such activities as oil production and fertilization of farms and lawns.
Looking ahead, Macey writes, "It is anticipated that 2016 rainfall patterns and river conditions will allow the ASR plant to exceed its previous days of production" and increase recharge efforts.
Already says Ziegler, the recharge project has had an effect on reversing previous declines in the aquifer. "By decreasing the proportion of water Wichita pumps from the Equus Beds aquifer, [along with] natural and artificial recharge, storage in the aquifer has recovered 50% since the all-time low in 1993."
"Aquifer recharge can be a viable strategy in Kansas under the right conditions," adds Macey. "ASR remains an important component of Wichita's water supply portfolio and is critical for future drought resiliency.
"Work is being done to optimize the current facilities and to determine how future enhancements fit into the city's phased in approach to water supply," Macey continues. "The overall effectiveness of the project may ultimately be determined by the level of cooperative participation by Equus Beds stakeholders."
Western Kansas: No Water, No Recharge
In western Kansas, where aquifer depletion is among the most severe, recharge efforts are virtually non-existent, in large part because there's little excess water to be used for such a project. Plans, however, are in the works to at least better study the potential. Especially in recent years, state officials, farmers and others have wanted to explore the possibilities of "harvesting" excess rainfall and using that to replenish groundwater (which, by the way, is another term for water stored underground by natural and artificial means).
"We want to be able to capture high-flow events and keep that surplus water in the state to use," says Tracy Streeter, director of the Kansas Water Office. "That's really the premise for securing additional water supply for Kansas—to grab that surplus water where we have it and then keep it here.
"Whether we store it in a reservoir or pursue a large transfer, we haven't looked at the details yet of storing excess flows or interconnectivity between reservoirs," explains Streeter. "But how do you secure that water legally? So, there's some talk about looking at different options to doing that. But beyond that, the state of Kansas hasn't made a move with the next step."
Streeter does, however, point to a proposed private-sector project in Garden City, Kansas, where the Dairy Farmers of America are constructing a processing facility. As a byproduct of producing whole, skim and nonfat dry milk powder, the plant will, according to Streeter, generate approximately 1 million gallons of wastewater per day.
"The majority of the water is going to go to Garden City, and they're going to be looking at all kinds of different options for that. Replacing freshwater flows that are used to water ballfields. They're going to be looking at recharge—they have wells in the Ogallala in and around the city of Garden City. They're going to look at a myriad of things, but one of them they want to look at is what the potential for recharge is."
How 65 Farmers Reduced Their Water Usage by 20%-Plus
Streeter also stresses that volunteer conservation—or more to the point, more efficiently using water—is a part of the state's plan to slow depletion of its groundwater. He points to a Local Enhanced Management Area (LEMA) near Hoxie in Sheridan County. The LEMA, adopted locally in 2012 by Groundwater Management District (GMD) No. 4, involves about 65 farmers in a 100-square-mile area who are reducing water consumption by approximately 20%.
Specifically, the agreement allows 55 inches of irrigation per water right to be consumed on a rolling five-year total. "Those folks looked at their average water use historically and set a threshold of 11 inches for everybody, per year. That's where the 20% came from.
"That's significant because they did not penalize anybody who was using at or below the threshold, who … had already conserved." In other words, participants who have already reduced do not have to save more, at least not as a percentage of what they were using before the agreement was reached.
"I think in the first three years of their LEMA, they've actually done better than a 20% reduction. I think they're about 23." Streeter notes, however, that in those three-plus years, "Mother nature has helped us, too. But we are seeing good reductions in pumping."
Why That Successful Model Has Yet to Be Replicated
While the Hoxie-area LEMA shows promise, it is the only agreement of its size and kind statewide. Other smaller plans have been put in place. Also, a similar legal entity called a Water Conservation Area (WCA) was passed in 2015. The latter basically allows for a water user or a group of water users to form a body similar to a LEMA, but with one less level of government having to approve it. To date, however, no such WCA bodies have been formed.
The fact that both WCAs and LEMAs have had such a slow start is partly because both can be vetoed by just one farmer in the proposed district. While that district can be redrawn to exclude the opposition, the latter would simply draw water from a source shared by the neighbors who did opt in to conserve. That, in turn, would allow those who didn't agree to conserve to benefit from the sacrifices of others in a very tangible way.
According to Streeter, reluctance to form additional WCAs and LEMAs is due to high post-drought commodity prices and interested parties wanting to see the groundwater effects and economic impact of the Sheridan County LEMA. "Now that we've seen a positive response in the aquifer in western Sheridan County and preliminary good results from the economic study looking at the impacts inside and immediately outside the LEMA boundaries," says Streeter, "I am hopeful we will see more LEMA development along with … interest in WCA development over the High Plains Aquifer."
Declines, and Efforts to Slow It, Continue
This map from the Kansas Water Office shows decline in groundwater in the majority of the state from 2015 to 2016. (Click to enlarge)
Meanwhile, the state's aquifers, including the Ogallala, continue to be depleted. A map from the Kansas Water Office (at right) shows decline in groundwater in the majority of the state from 2015 to 2016. According to the Texas Comptroller, losses to the aquifer between 2001 and 2011 equated to a third of its cumulative depletion during the entire 20th century. Streeter, though, points to measures the state has underway that he believes will help solve what looks to be an impending shortage. He describes two of them:
"All active irrigation wells, about 20,000, are metered and annual water use reports are mandatory," he says. "Additionally, we have an annual well measurement program on the 1,400 wells throughout the High Plains. Depending on the year, we have an additional 600 wells measured in areas of interest.
"So," he continues, "we have pretty accurate data that come in every year on how much water's used. We've done it for years and years, and have good information on what the aquifer's doing."
"Then, the last thing I would say is we're demonstrating technology out there. Particularly, the use of soil moisture probes to tell an irrigator when to turn that sprinkler on and when to turn it off and to trust it. We're seeing some very good results from those moisture probes in irrigation water management."
Such results were recently studied by the Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) and did show probes are reducing water usage. Reviewing the Ogallala Aquifer Initiative, a cost-share program started in 2009 to help farmers apply water-saving technology in their fields, the "NRCS analysis … estimated reduced water withdrawals of at least 1.5 million acre-feet, or 489 billion gallons of water, from 2009 through 2013 and an energy savings equivalent of almost 33 million gallons of diesel fuel due to reduced irrigation."
For an excellent primer on artificial recharge, see "Recharge: Groundwater's Second Act." The article offers comparisons on cost of artificially recharging groundwater versus that of reservoir expansion and desalination, as well as explanations of recharge techniques and a look at recent recharge projects in California, where the study's authors are based.
Also, see the USGS article, titled "Aquifer Storage and Recovery."
For more information on the Equus Beds recharge project, see http://ks.water.usgs.gov/equus-beds-recharge.
Thanks to the following for their help in putting this story together.
Andrew Ziegler, director of the USGS Kansas Water Science Center
Scott Macey, City of Wichita water resource engineer.
Mandy Stone, project chief for Equus study, USGS
Tracy Streeter, director of the Kansas Water Office
Innovation in Irrigation
Agriculture technology has attracted a lot of attention in Silicon Valley, and a big part of the burgeoning startup scene focuses on using water more efficiently and effectively.
Irrigation Reductions: A Tale of Two States
Water laws in Kansas and neighboring Nebraska offer very different approaches to water savings
Saving the Ogallala: A Sinking Feeling
If depletion of the Ogallala Aquifer continues at the current rate, the impact will be felt far beyond the High Plains and its farming communities.
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More than 18 small groups meet throughout the month. Each has a particular missions emphasis and project. For a list of groups or to learn more about WMU, contact Cindy Townsend at ctownsend@fbcj.org. The First Tuesday Meeting is a joint meeting of all Women on Mission Groups. The first Tuesday of every month, women of all ages meet in Fellowship Hall West for a meal and to hear a speaker. Learn more through FirstBaptistJackson.org/events.
In addition to Missions Education, many Local, North American, and International mission opportunities exist.
WMU hosts the church-wide International Missions Weekend, promotes the Lottie Moon Christmas Offering for International Missions, the Annie Armstrong Easter Offering for North American Missions and the Margaret Lackey State Offering.
Contact our staff and ask how you can get involved.
Mission Friends – From babies to kindergartners, Mission Friends provides the building blocks of faith and a basic awareness of God's love for all people.
GAs – a missions discipleship organization for girls in grades 1-6.
RAs – a missions discipleship organization for boys in grades 1-6.


Tomago Aluminium manage a four year apprenticeship program to 7 lucky students each year, but what most people don't know is just how difficult it is to get one of those apprenticeships and how lucky a candidate is to be accepted into the company's apprenticeship program.
Apprentice Training Supervisor, Greg Wall, recently explained how the program works.
"We have apprenticeships for Mechanical, Electrical and Plant Mechanic trades," Greg said, "and we go through a fairly rigorous process to choose the right people.
"For those seven positions we generally average about 300 applicants and the standard of candidates is very high.
The new employees start their four-year apprenticeships at the beginning of the year and it is an accelerated learning curve.
Their first year is spent in the Apprentice Training Workshop and for the first three months they learn how to use basic tools, manual and power tools, before breaking into their individual skill groups for six weeks for basic machining and basic electrical knowledge.
Another six-week block has them learning more tool skills – oxy and acetylene welding, brazing, cutting, electric arc and MIG skills. Then they go back into their skills groups for a six-week block with electrical apprentices learning the basics of electric motors, motor controls and the like and mechanical apprentices learning power transmission basics including bearing principles, drives and lubrication.
While all that is going on, the apprentices have one day each week at TAFE.
From the start of their second year the apprentices get out of the workshop to go on-site, rotating through various locations for between three and nine months. By the time they are fully qualified tradespeople they know the workings of the entire site.
Final-year apprentices, if they have met certain training criteria, can apply for one day off each week to do additional studies within their field of expertise, the company meeting training and text book costs.
At the end of four years the program has rolled-out a select group of highly skilled and extremely well-qualified tradespeople and, not surprisingly, the company is happy to keep them in-house.
The best part for Greg? "We're a pretty close bunch and I get to train some really talented people and that's something I really enjoy.


Do you want to hire me to write for you? Seriously, you can. You do have to pay me, though. I know a lot of people these days are willing to write for free, but I do that enough on my own, and I kind of like earning money for my work. I'm super old-fashioned like that.
I've wanted to be a writer for as long as I can remember, which in my mind is kind of cool. I never went through a fireman or astronaut stage, probably because I've always been afraid of fire and space travel, respectively. But it's nice to have a passion at an early age and to stick with it. I've never had doubts about writing—doubts about the quality of my work, sure, and doubts about the form it would take, but never about what I wanted to do with my time. Even when I've flirted with other career options, I've always assumed I'd be able to work on a book on the side. Adorably naïve, right?
Right now, I'm a freelancer, meaning I write whenever someone is willing to publish me. As much as I love what I do, it's getting to a point where I feel like I need to step things up to the next level. The flexibility of freelance writing is great, but it's not always regular work, and a worrier like me needs some level of consistency. I've never had a salary or job security—these are terms that are actually kind of foreign to me. And sometimes that's OK: I write for the love of writing, not the big dollars. But I'm turning 25 in a few months, and that seems like an age at which I should have some of this stuff sorted out, whether or not my generation is aimless by definition.
So what are my options? The idea of getting a day job and writing on the side is not an attractive one, though I understand it may be a necessity. Writing might not seem like hard work—and it generally doesn't feel difficult while I'm doing it—but it does require a lot of mental energy and discipline. These are qualities that, while tough to quantify, are often in short supply after eight hours in an office. I worry that a day job wouldn't leave me with the time or energy to do the writing I want to be doing. But if it came down to an absolute need? If I had to get a day job to keep writing? That would be an easy (albeit whine-worthy) choice to make.
Obviously writing full-time is my ultimate goal, and I'm still not really sure how unrealistic it is. Right now I have four freelance jobs at varying levels of consistency: TV.com, the SF Bay Guardian, io9, and the SF Chronicle. (Yep, two honest-to-blog newspapers!) I write jokes on Twitter every day. I blog about three times a week. (Like I'm doing right now. So meta.) I have one pilot written, but it needs to be heavily revised. I have one short story written, but it needs to be heavily revised. And I'm not sure where all of this leaves me. I'm enthusiastic and (mostly) proud about my work. Added up, however, it doesn't equal a career.
I think I'm good at what I do. I think I get better every day. I also think that journalism has taken a hit over the past decade (not exactly a controversial opinion) and that making it as a writer as harder than ever. I'm not anywhere near giving up, but I may need to at least reevaluate my ambitions. Unless of course you just want to hire me to write for you. Which would solve my problems and also get me stop bitching. It's win-win, anonymous reader.
you have freelance work, which means you're doing better than most writers, and also me.


text:
Hollywood Reporter: ZOA Honors Jon Voight, Amb. Dermer and Danon, Dershowitz, Adelson at Superstar Gala
ZOA in the news
A pro-Israel group hosting actor Jon Voight on Sunday says it has increased its security measures to account for more publicity than it is accustomed to but says published reports saying it considered canceling the $700-a-plate dinner in the wake of the Paris attacks are inaccurate.
"We beefed up security. That's a fact," said Morton Klein, national president of Zionist Organization of America, which will hold its event as scheduled at the Grand Hyatt New York. "But we had zero calls from anyone wanting to cancel, and we have had zero threats."
"There's also two Israeli ambassadors. It's a superstar event. I can't believe it myself. Of course we beefed up security."
Klein said that due to extra star-power the additional security was in the works prior to the Nov. 13 terrorist attacks that killed at least 129 people in Paris.
"Jon Voight is a famous movie star so more people know about it this year," he said. "There's also two Israeli ambassadors. It's a superstar event. I can't believe it myself. Of course we beefed up security."
Billionaire Las Vegas hotel magnate Sheldon Adelson will give Voight the Dr. Miriam and Sheldon Adelson award at the dinner and editor Mort Zuckerman will present the Mort Zuckerman award for outstanding journalism to attorney Alan Dershowitz.
At least one U.S. senator and one congressman will be at the event as well as a Fox News host and other prominent attendees.
Some of the rich and powerful will come with their own security details while the New York Police Department will be on hand as well as many private guards who will be undercover, according to insiders. The proceedings will also be monitored by members of Shin Bet, Israel's secret service.
"It's a pro-Israel event in New York City, so of course we need security," said Klein. "We have demonstrators every year and this year we expect even more Arab and anti-Israel groups with their signs. All the usual nonsense."


In order to support and facilitate the radially expanding city of Dar es Salaam and its satellite cities, projects are being planned for a new ground transportation network as well as renovating/paving the existing, yet inadequate, infrastructure. The Tanzanian government sees Kigamboni as the next hub of economy that will support both the rapidly growing population and international businesses, it is crucial that a ground transportation network and sufficient infrastructure are established between Dar and Kigamboni. The Bay of Dar es Salaam becomes a threshold between the two districts and future projects are planned in order to overcome the physical disparity that exists — a new Kigamboni bridge, a new undersea tunnel, and improved ferry service.
Kigamboni Ferry is probably the most used, if not the only, means of transportation that connects Kigamboni district and Dar's mainland. Thousands of pedestrian workers and traders and hundreds of trucks and cars use the ferry route on daily basis and its presence is a crucial part of their lives and will continue to be despite the future plan for constructing a bridge that connects the two sides.


text:
THE WATCHERS Watching the world evolve and transform
Arctic & Antarctic
Earth cracks
Ice & snow
Mass death
Seismic activity
More than 120 killed, 6 million affected by floods in India and Nepal
Strong and shallow M6.2 earthquake hits New Britain, Papua New Guinea
Dust storms
Sandstorms
Weather phenomena
Tropical Cyclone "Danas" (Falcon) affecting the Philippines, heading toward Taiwan, China and the Korean Peninsula
Hurricane "Barry" makes landfall near Intracostal City, Louisiana
Irina Kitiashvili with the NASA Solar Cycle 25 Forecast
5 Earth-directed CMEs, G3 - Strong geomagnetic storm
Asymmetric full halo CME impact expected late May 11 into May 12
Near-Earth Objects
Meteor activity
Planets and space bodies
Satellites and space missions
Exceptional multiple meteor event recorded over Brazil
Asteroid 2019 NN3 to flyby Earth at 0.83 lunar distances on July 10 - the largest since the start of the year
Asteroid 2019 MB4 to flyby Earth at 0.82 lunar distances on July 9
Valentina Zharkova on the upcoming Grand Solar Minimum
Scientists invent new computer memory, expect it to solve the digital technology energy crisis
Scientists find largest meteorite impact crater in the British Isles
SWX.Center SWXC
Wednesday, July 17, 2019 / 00:27 UTC
Follow @TheWatchers_
Posted by Teo Blašković on July 11, 2019 at 18:34 UTC (5 days ago)
Categories: Featured articles, Meteor activity, Video gallery
An exceptional multiple meteor event took place over Brazil at 07:10 UTC on June 26, 2019, and was recorded by a BRAMON video station in Maranhão, Brazil. The preliminarily calculated radiant of this cluster does not seem to be associated with any known meteor shower.
At least 9 meteors were registered simultaneously in less than 1 second, all parallel to each other, BRAMON reports.
"Meteor clusters like these originate from the same meteoroid that broke apart before hits Earth, but the fragmentation usually occurs over a few hours, perhaps days, before its encounter with the terrestrial atmosphere," BRAMON's Marcelo Zurita noted.
BRAMON suggested several possible origins for the fragmentation that generates a cluster of meteors like this:
- It's possible that the meteoroids originated from a recent common ejection of a comet or asteroid passing close to the Earth, may have been a low cohesive meteoroid that has been fragmented by the collision of a microparticle, or
- from a meteoroid with volatile material in its composition that has been vaporized due to the action of the Sun, dispersing the rocky fragments shortly before its encounter with the Earth.
Most of the previously reported clusters were recorded during outbursts of Leonid meteor shower in the early part of this century.
"This one appears as a very rare type of cluster recorded out of period of a great shower and its preliminarily calculated radiant does not seem to be associated with any known meteor shower," Zurita said.
Source: BRAMON
Featured image credit: BRAMON
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Tags: brazil fireball, fireballs, meteor cluster
David W Thomson 1 day ago
These are likely Interstellar "dust" from the Milky Way magnetic plane, which our solar system is now moving through. NASA reported that the Sun entered this zone in 2002. These are not the first multiple meteors. Similar meteor clusters enter the Earth's atmosphere several times a week. This situation will continue to increase in frequency of occurrence for hundreds of years, until the Sun exits the other side of the Milky Way magnetic plane. The last time the Sun passed through this plane was 65 million years ago, when multiple large meteors pelted the Earth. It won't be as bad this time as it was 65 million years ago since billions of other stars have also passed through this same region in the time since our last passage.
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Peter 2 days ago
"Several diverse sources have suggested" what / who are these sources? "This web page shows....... " what web page are you referring to? "Based on the Bible Code....." What bible code? If you are going to make spurious claims about potential events, please back up your claims with correct sources, references and true calculations / codes. Otherwise it is just another "he said, she said, they said" meaningless ranmble.
Yaridanjo 3 days ago
The cosmic impact threat approaches: THE B COMET SWARM Several diverse sources have suggested that a catastrophic celestial impact events may occur in Earth's near future. Analysis suggesting that minor cosmic events have already occurred during calendar year 2017. This web page shows cosmic events relating to a possible swarm of incoming comet fragments, some of which have already impacted Earth. Future impact events may well occur that could cause blast, tsunamis', and a major weather change resulting in a new Younger Dryas like Ice Age. Impacts in the Atlantic ocean, Caribbean and Mediterranean sea are anticipated. Peak threat times are September/October 2022 or maybe 2023. Based on the Bible Code, bodies from Swarm B:Cl-1 (Swarm B Cluster 1) are anticipated to impact in 2021 and/or 2025.
At least 123 people were killed, tens of thousands are displaced and at least 6 million affected in seasonal floods affecting India and Nepal over the past 10 days. The death toll is rising steadily. Seasonal monsoon continues affecting Nepal and neighboring Indian...
A strengthening tropical cyclone named Danas by the JMA and Falcon by the PAGASA is dumping moderate to heavy rains over parts of northern Philippines on July 16, 2019. The cyclone is expected to closely approach or make landfall over Babuyan, Philippines and then...
A strong and shallow earthquake registered by the USGS as M6.2 hit New Britain, Papua New Guinea at 08:21 UTC on July 15, 2019. The agency is reporting a depth of 59 km (36 miles). EMSC is reporting M6.2 at a depth of 80 km (50 miles). The epicenter was located 24...
Powerful M7.3 earthquake hits Halmahera, Indonesia
A very strong and shallow earthquake registered by the USGS as M7.3 hit Halmahera, Indonesia at 09:10 UTC (16:10 WIB) on July 14, 2019. The agency is reporting a depth of 10 km (6.2 miles). Indonesian BMKG is reporting M7.2 at a depth of 10 km (6.2 miles). The...
Strong and shallow M6.5 earthquake hits near the coast of Western Australia
A strong earthquake registered by Geoscience Australia as M6.5 hit near the coast of Western Australia at 05:39 UTC on July 14, 2019. The agency is reporting a depth of 0 km. USGS is reporting M6.6 at a depth of 10 km (6.2 miles). The epicenter was located 203 km...
Intense eruptive activity continues at Stromboli volcano, Italy
Intense activity continues at Stromboli volcano with strong explosions in northern crater area, where at least 5 vents were active overnight July 13, and lava flows from the collapsed rims of the crater terrace. INGV is replacing equipment destroyed during July 3,...
20:53 UTC, July 13Category 1 Hurricane "Barry" made landfall near Intracostal City, Louisiana and weakened into a tropical storm, NHC said 18:00 UTC. This made it the 4th hurricane ever to make landfall on the Louisiana coast in July. Previous July...
Over 30 lives lost as floods and landslides hit Nepal and northern India
More than 30 people have been killed and over 130 homes collapsed after heavy monsoon rains hit parts of northern Inda and Nepal over the past couple of days. 14 Uttar Pradesh districts were affected, with at least 15 casualties. Landslides and floods caused major...
19.9 million people affected by floods, 34 000 homes collapsed and 1.7 million ha of crops damaged, China
According to data released by China's Ministry of Emergency Management, a total of 19.91 million people have been affected by floods since the beginning of flood season this summer. A total of 34 000 homes collapsed and over 1.76 million hectares (4.34 million...
Deep M6.1 earthquake hits SW of Kyushu, East China Sea
A deep earthquake registered by the USGS as M6.1 hit SW of Kyushu, Japan at 00:57 UTC on July 13, 2019. The agency is reporting a depth of 251 km (155.9 miles). JMA is reporting M5.9 at a depth of 250 km (155.3 miles). The epicenter was located 170 km (105 miles) NW...
Increased seismicity, alerts raised for Shishaldin volcano, Alaska
The Alaska Volcano Observatory is raising the Aviation Color Code to YELLOW and the Alert Level to ADVISORY at Shishaldin Volcano, the observatory said 21:09 UTC on July 12, 2019. The last eruption of this volcano took place in 2015 (VEI 1). This change is based on...
Massive wildfire on Hawaii's Maui Island
A wildfire that broke out on Hawaii's Maui Island at 10:30 LT on July 11, 2019 spread to 4 040 ha (10 000 acres) by Friday morning. Thousands of people were forced to evacuate but were allowed to return after conditions improved. The fire grew out of control by...
Tornado hits Quebec, injuring 1 and leaving 105 000 customers without power
A confirmed F1 tornado swept through the town of Saint-Roch-de-l'Achigan, about 50 km (31 miles) north of Montreal, Quebec, Canada on July 11, 2019. The twister touched down at about 18:30 LT and was about 200 m (656 yards) in diameter. It caused significant...
Shallow M4.6 earthquake hits Seattle, Washington - the strongest since 2001
A shallow earthquake registered by the USGS as M4.6 hit Three Lakes, Seattle, Washington at 09:51 UTC (03:51 LT) on July 12, 2019. The agency is reporting a depth of 22.3 km (13.8 miles). This is the strongest earthquake to hit the region since M6.8 Nisqually on...
Waves and storm surge produced by Barry to affect beaches in four Gulf Coast states
Although Tropical Storm "Barry" is expected to make landfall in Louisiana as a Category 1 hurricane on Saturday, July 13, 2019, USGS coastal change experts forecast that wind-driven waves are likely to damage beaches in Mississippi, Alabama and the western...
Parts of SE China receive largest rainfall since 1961 - 1 600 homes destroyed, 80 000 people evacuated
Heavy rainfall hit SE China this week, destroying homes and crops and forcing evacuation of nearly 80 000 people. Weather authorities said the affected region saw 51% higher rainfall this week than in corresponding periods of previous years and the largest since...
The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report: July 3 - 9, 2019
New activity/unrest was reported for 4 volcanoes from July 3 to 9, 2019. During the same period, ongoing activity was reported for 14 volcanoes. New activity/unrest: Manam, Papua New Guinea | Semisopochnoi, United States | Stromboli, Aeolian Islands (Italy) |...
6 killed and more than 100 injured as very strong winds, tornadoes and violent hailstorms hit Greece
Extremely severe hailstorm hits Abruzzo, injuring 18 people, Italy
Strong tornado hits Milano Marittima, giant hail in Abruzzo, Italy
Massive eruption at Raikoke volcano, ash to 13.1 km (43 000 feet) a.s.l., Sea of Okhotsk
Largest glacier in Greenland is growing for third year in a row, thickening occurring across an increasingly wide area
Violent hailstorms hit France, catastrophic agricultural damage reported
Mauna Loa volcano Alert Level and Aviation Color Code raised, Hawaii
Major explosion at Stromboli volcano, Italy
Hackett Financial Advisors: We're going to have to come up with new ways of growing food
In a recent interview with AgWeb, the president and CEO of Hackett Financial Advisors, Shawn Hackett, explains why he thinks our civilization will have to come up with new ways of growing food over the next 5 years. Read more
Tweets by @TheWatchers_
Major tornadoes hit U.S., Reed Timmer survives extraordinary close-up encounter in Nebraska
Rare waterspout forms near Sentosa, Singapore
Extreme floods hit Asunción, Paraguay
Close call with a rare positive lightning strike in Florida
Large landslide destroys 17 homes in La Paz, Bolivia
Large sinkhole opens near homes in Sukabumi, West Java, Indonesia
Meteorite hits a house in San Carlos, Costa Rica
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Study determines Tatun Volcano and Guishan Island are active volcanoes, Taiwan
Seismic unrest, high content of melts and fluids detected under long-dormant Udina volcano, Russia
C9.9 solar flare erupts from AR 2740, the strongest since October 2017
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"Here's to the crazy ones, the misfits, the rebels, the troublemakers, the round pegs in the square holes… the ones who see things differently -- they're not fond of rules… You can quote them, disagree with them, glorify or vilify them, but the only thing you can't do is ignore them because they change things… they push the human race forward, and while some may see them as the crazy ones, we see genius, because the ones who are crazy enough to think that they can change the world, are the ones who do."
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text:
1997 United Kingdom local elections
← 1996 1 May 1997 (England)
21 May 1997 (Northern Ireland) 1998 →
All 34 non-metropolitan counties, 21 out of 46 unitary authorities,
1 out of 238 English districts, 1 sui generis authority
and all 26 Northern Irish districts
Tony Blair John Major Paddy Ashdown
Labour Conservative Liberal Democrat
Leader since
21 July 1994 28 November 1990 16 July 1988
1,299 1,121 741
Councillors +/-
Colours denote the winning party, as shown in the main table of results.
The United Kingdom local elections took place on the 1 May, 1997.[1][2] Elections took place for all of the English shire counties, some English unitary authorities and all of the Northern Ireland districts. The elections were held on the same day as the general election.
1 Summary of results
2.1 Non-metropolitan county councils
2.2 Unitary authorities
2.2.1 Whole council
2.2.2 Third of council
2.3 District council
2.4 Sui generis
3 Northern Ireland
Summary of results[edit]
Labour 1 1299
Liberal Democrat -177 741
Conservative 193 1121
Other -17 131
No overall control — — — —
While the results were overshadowed by the landslide election of a Labour government, they did provide some comfort to the Conservative party. The Conservatives made some gains and were the largest party in the county council elections. It is likely that what helped the Conservatives gain some councils (Cambridgeshire, Bedfordshire, Essex and Kent) was the creation of unitary authorities and thus the abolition of county council divisions in these areas (in this case unitaries in Peterborough, Luton, Thurrock and Medway), in predominantly urbanised areas which are usually strong for the Labour Party in elections and indeed all four of those unitaries (and all of the parliamentary seats that they cover) were won/held by Labour at the point these elections took place. Buckinghamshire, the only county council that the Conservatives actually had a majority for the four years prior to these elections, will have also been helped by the creation of a unitary authority for Milton Keynes in 1996.
The gains for the Conservatives in Lincolnshire, Surrey and West Sussex will likely have been helped by the fact that most parliamentary seats in these counties were seriously strong Conservative areas (indeed, every parliamentary seat in Surrey was retained by the Conservatives in the general election) and thus saw some genuine ground recovered compared with the 1993 local elections. The only seats that the Conservatives lost in the general election in these areas were Lincoln and Crawley, both of which were very easy seats for Labour to gain in the general election, while they came close to losing Boston & Skegness to Labour too, though this was far from enough to have made a difference to council control in their respective counties.
England[edit]
Non-metropolitan county councils[edit]
In 34 non-metropolitan counties the whole council was up for election.
Previous control
No overall control Conservative gain Details
Conservative Conservative hold Details
Cambridgeshire ‡
Cheshire ‡
No overall control No overall control hold Details
Liberal Democrat No overall control gain Details
No overall control Labour gain Details
Labour Labour hold Details
Devon ‡
No overall control Liberal Democrat gain Details
Essex ‡
Kent ‡
Lancashire ‡
Nottinghamshire ‡
Shropshire ‡
Liberal Democrat Liberal Democrat hold Details
Staffordshire ‡
Wiltshire ‡
Worcestershire †
† Elected as a "shadow authority" until 1 April 1998.
‡ Because areas of the county were due to become unitary authorities on 1 April 1998, the county councillors representing those areas had their terms extended by one year and no election was held.
Unitary authorities[edit]
Whole council[edit]
These were the first elections to 19 more unitary authorities established by the Local Government Commission for England (1992). They acted as "shadow authorities" until 1 April 1998.
Blackburn with Darwen ‡
New Council Labour Details
Blackpool ‡
New Council Conservative Details
Halton ‡
Herefordshire ‡
New Council Liberal Democrat Details
Medway ‡
Peterborough ‡
New Council No overall control Details
Telford and Wrekin ‡
Thurrock ‡
Warrington ‡
West Berkshire ‡
‡ New ward boundaries from predecessor authorities
Third of council[edit]
In 2 unitary authorities one third of the council was up for election.
District council[edit]
In 1 district the whole council was up for election.
Malvern Hills ‡
‡ New ward boundaries
Sui generis[edit]
Independent Independent hold Details
Northern Ireland[edit]
Main article: Northern Ireland local elections, 1997
No overall control No overall control Details
UUP UUP Details
UUP No overall control Details
SDLP No overall control Details
SDLP SDLP Details
Moyle
Newry and Mourne
North Down
^ Rallings, Colin; Thrasher, Michael. Local Elections Handbook 1997 (PDF). Local Government Chronicle Elections Centre. Retrieved 3 May 2016.
^ "Council compositions". The Elections Centre. Retrieved 3 May 2016.
^ "Local Elections of 1 May 1997 - Parliament.uk" (PDF). researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/. Parliament UK. 27 Jun 1997. Retrieved 3 May 2019.
The local elections of 1 May 1997. House of Commons Library Research Paper 97/82.
Vote 1999 BBC News
(1996 ←) 1997 United Kingdom local elections (→ 1998)
County councils
Unitary authorities
Telford and Wrekin
(Northern Ireland)
Sui generis
Scottish devolution
Welsh devolution
See also: UK General election
Elections and referendums in the United Kingdom
1910 (Jan)
1974 (Feb)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1997_United_Kingdom_local_elections&oldid=895916307"
Council elections in the United Kingdom
1997 elections in the United Kingdom


I knew of Robert Lowth's contributions to the understanding of Hebrew poetry and parallelism. But I did not realize that he was one of the first (if not the first) to suggest that much of the prophetic books were poetic. For example, according to Jack Lundbom, "Lowth estimated about half of Jeremiah—at the beginning and the end—was poetry" (Jack R. Lundbom, Writing Jeremiah: The Prophet and the Book [Eugene, OR: Cascade, 2013], 119).


WATERLOO - Ivan "Vern" Berry, 85, of Waterloo, died Sunday, June 22, 2008, at Allen Hospital of natural causes.
He was born Nov. 16, 1922, in Waterloo, son of Howard and Lillian Uhlenhopp Berry. He married Thelma S. Reiners on Dec. 24, 1971.
Mr. Berry was an installer for Overhead Door Company of Waterloo for 30 years until his retirement.
Survived by his wife; two sons, Keith Zabel of California and Stephen (Diana) Zabel of Conesville; two daughters, Vickie (Robert) Haynes of Mountain Grove, Mo., and Carla Wiegmann of Ackley; two brothers, Alvin (Ruth) and Donald (Mildred); eight grandchildren; 28 great-grandchildren; and 13 great-great-grandchildren.
Services: At the request of the family, no services will take place. Hagarty-Waychoff-Grarup Funeral Service on South Street assisted the family with arrangements.
Memorials may be directed to his wife, Thelma, in care of Paul Gaede, 13768 N Ave., Parkersburg 50665.


text:
Year-by-Year Scores
Football stopped on Homecoming
Hope (3-2) 7 10 6 6 29
Albion (4-1) 7 7 10 0 24
Pa: Kyle Thomas - 249
Ru: Doug Freeman - 98
Rec: Justin Thomas - 83
Pa: Mason Opple - 280
Ru: Mason Opple - 68
Rec: Christian Bos - 124
Time of Poss.
ALBION, Mich. – Football games between two evenly matched teams are usually decided by turnovers.
Albion College was intercepted four times, including three times in the fourth quarter, as the Britons fell from the ranks of the unbeaten in a 29-24 Homecoming loss to Hope College.
The Britons took their only lead of the day when Collin Poore scored on a 7-yard sweep with 4:55 left in the third quarter. Andrew Fabry tacked on the extra point, and the Britons led 24-23.
Hope responded on its next possession. Mason Opple found Christian Bos for 23 yards on third down, and that kept the drive going. Opple scored on a 1-yard plunge on the first play of the fourth quarter as the Flying Dutchmen regained the lead at 29-24.
The defense kept Hope from gaining a first down on consecutive possessions in the fourth quarter.
Albion's final possession started with 2:42 to play. Doug Freeman's 19-yard gain moved the ball near midfield, and the Britons gained another first down at the Hope 39-yard line. Albion faced a third-and-two when it was intercepted for the final time.
Albion and Hope traded scores in the first half. Quarterback Kyle Thomas completed a 12-play drive in the first quarter with a 2-yard run, and Freeman scored from a yard out in the second.
Fabry kicked a 27-yard field goal in the third quarter to tie the score at 17.
Thomas finished 23-of-38 for 249 passing yards. His brother, Justin, hauled in nine passes for 83 yards.
Freeman added 98 rushing yards.
Hope finished with a slight edge in total yards (477-453). Opple was 21-of-29 for 280 yards and two touchdowns. He added 68 rushing yards and a score.
Levi Ladd led the Albion defense with 11 tackles, including three for loss. He also was credited with forcing a fumble.
Albion (4-1 overall and 1-1 against MIAA rivals) will play at home again next Saturday against Kalamazoo College. Kickoff is set for 1 p.m. on the Schmidt-Fraser Field inside Sprankle-Sprandel Stadium.
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