Toast farewell to Summer and herald Fall Migration at our annual High Pines Happy Hour & Open House. Belly up to the Bird Bar for a welcome-back-from-the-Four-Winds cold beverage donated by RNDC and Miami Brewing Co. Enjoy an Acoustic Salon by Phil Allen & Friends. Delight in National Audubon's annual traveling exhibit of award-winning bird photography. Take a sunset bird walk with TAS Field Guide Brian Rapoza on our 2.2-acre Steinberg Nature Center campus and glimpse birds that stop by for refueling as they travel south on the "Atlantic Flyway." Explore our native pine rockland and hardwood hammock habitats. Perch in our shady picnic grove or hang out with friends and neighbors in our historic Doc Thomas House. Y'all come -- High Pines Happy Hour is a "Rain or Shine" community event! Parking options: Limited on-site parking via the 55th Avenue entry gate; nearby metered, garage and valet parking options within 1-3 blocks; Metro-rail service to South Miami Station.


text:
How AI Is Changing Contracts
Think of a searchable database, not a set of files.
Beverly Rich
CSA Images/ Color Printstock Collection/Hayon Thapaliya/Getty Images
Many companies struggle to develop and maintain contracts in an effective, efficient manner. But the rising popularity of AI contracting software has the potential to improve how all firms contract in three important ways: First, it can change the tools firms use to contract. Second, it can influence the content of contracts. Finally, it can improve the processes by which firms develop and execute contracts. These new technologies have the potential to significantly reduce the manpower required to manage both contracts themselves and the entire contracting process, adding significant value to the entire organization.
Contracting is a common activity, but it is one that few companies do efficiently or effectively. In fact, it has been estimated that inefficient contracting causes firms to lose between 5% to 40% of value on a given deal, depending on circumstances. But recent technological developments like artificial intelligence (AI) are now helping companies overcome many of the challenges to contracting.
The main challenge firms face in contracting arises from the sheer number of contracts they must keep track of; these often lack uniformity and are difficult to organize, manage, and update. Most firms don't have a database of all the information in their contracts – let alone an efficient way to extract all that data – so there's no orderly and fast way to, for example, view complex outsourcing agreements or see how a certain clause is worded across different divisions. It requires a lot of manpower to draft, execute, and improve not only the contracts themselves, but also the contracting processes and the transactions these contracts govern.
If, for example, a large tech company finds itself with a huge volume of procurement contracts that all have varying renewal dates and renegotiation terms, it would require hundreds of hours and a team of contract managers to review and track of all this information to ensure that no renewal or opportunity is missed.
AI software, however, can easily extract data and clarify the content of contracts. (It could quickly pull and organize the renewal dates and renegotiation terms from any number of contracts.) It can let companies review contracts more rapidly, organize and locate large amounts of contract data more easily, decrease the potential for contract disputes (and antagonistic contract negotiations), and increase the volume of contracts it is able to negotiate and execute.
In my research, I have seen that many companies use contract management software, and a smaller number of firms – mostly those with a high volume of routinized contracts – use more advanced software with AI capabilities. These firms have generally seen an increase in productivity and efficiency in their contracting.
The use of AI contracting software has the potential to improve how all firms contract – and it will do so in three ways: by changing the tools firms use to contract, influencing the content of contracts, and affecting the processes by which firms contract.
Improved Tools for Managing Contracts
While software for legal document review has existed for years, it typically only helps companies store and organize their contracts. Contracting software that uses AI raises the bar for what these tools can accomplish. AI contracting software can, for example, identify contract types (even in multiple languages) based on pattern recognition in how the document is drafted. Because AI contracting software trains its algorithm on a set of data (contracts) to recognize patterns and extract key variables (clauses, dates, parties, etc.), it allows a firm to manage its contracts more effectively because it knows – and can easily access – what is in each of them. AI software also offers simple prediction, which has implications for due diligence: AI contracting software can quickly sort through a large volume of contracts and flag individual contracts based on firm-specified criteria.
Current AI software can also read contracts accurately in any format, provide analytics about the data extracted from the contracts, and extract contract data much faster than would be possible with a team of lawyers. This may sound like bad news for lawyers, but this is not necessarily the case: having additional contract data could allow firms to update their contracts more regularly, and lawyers could focus more on their role as counsel instead of contract reviewer.
Keeping Contracts Consistent
AI contracting software helps firms keep terms and usage consistent in all of their contracts. For example, if a company wants to define the term "confidential information" in a specific way in its non-disclosure agreements (NDAs), it must make sure that all of its divisions are on board with this definition, and that changes to the definition get incorporated quickly and accurately, because variation could prove damaging to the company. AI contracting software can easily keep this term consistent across the firm's templates, and it can spot other terms that signal "confidential information" in NDAs from business partners.
Being able to identify and extract key data points helps firms organize and execute contracts as well. For example, a company with a large number of vendor contracts must ensure that they are keeping track of variations in termination provisions and penalty and damage provisions – both in their own contracts and in vendor contracts. Managing variations is a huge undertaking that requires proactive organization. But AI contracting software can record and standardize these provisions in the company's contracts and in those that vendors send, making it far easier to identify instances of noncompliance and ensure that unfavorable provisions are dealt with promptly.
Additionally, AI contracting software can quickly assess risk in contracts (performing the risk analysis much faster than a team of lawyers) by identifying terms and clauses that are suboptimal. And it can reduce the risk of human error in contract drafting and review.
New Processes Require New Skills
As new AI contracting tools change the actual content of contracts, this in turn affects the contracting processes that firms use. Previously, successful contracting required skills in drafting and negotiating contracts, as well as in managing and reviewing them. Specialized high-value transactions were dependent on groups of attorneys devoting hours to comprehensive due diligence. Contracting professionals were expected to find clever ways to draft contracts to include clauses that favored their client. And even more routine transactions required employees to pay close attention to details.
But when most due diligence and contract organization – and even contract drafting – is done using AI contracting software, the resources required to produce a large volume of contracts, both simple and complex, will change. This doesn't necessarily mean companies will need fewer lawyers, but rather their roles may transform. For example, lawyers will spend more time in assessing risk and providing counsel, rather than in document review. And instead of having a large team of associates conduct due diligence before a deal, companies will have a smaller, more agile team review the documents that the software flags and then offer advice. Indeed, Professor Gillian K. Hadfield, a law professor at the University of Southern California who specializes in contract law, believes that AI in contracting will lead to a better use of legal talent: "lawyers will shift their focus from routine activities to much more high value work involved in shaping strategies and navigating complex legal problems."
Similarly, the role of contract management professionals will shift. Whereas contract compliance was previously done by an entire team, AI tools enable a well-designed software platform – coupled with a few employees – to do the job. Rather than organizational skills being key to the role, contract managers will need more technical and process flow expertise to work with the software.
These improvements to tools, content, and processes will mean that contracting becomes faster, better, and easier once this technology is more widespread. But it is important to recognize that, while AI promises to do a lot, it won't do everything.
Contracting technology is currently at a midpoint: One stream of development will be in industries with highly routinized, template-based contracts. Here, AI contracting technology will be used in a blockchain model, allowing contracts to evolve and essentially re-write themselves according to the parties' needs. The other main use will be to help develop contracting standards, such as how to debate and structure certain clauses. When companies negotiating a contract can easily access every similar contract from the past twenty years, prioritized by industry, and see what wording is most commonly used, we should see less onerous negotiating over clauses, leading to an easier contracting process.
Understanding what AI contracting tools can and cannot do is key to their successful implementation and use. Right now, they may offer the highest value add to companies with large volumes of contracts – cutting time spent in contract review and drafting – and companies that conduct more routinized transactions. But as this technology develops, it is all but certain that it will one day be useful to all firms.
Read more on Technology and analytics or related topics Operations and supply chain management and Business law
Beverly Rich, J.D., is a doctoral candidate in Strategy at the University of Southern California Marshall School of Business. Her research focuses on how organizations use legal strategies, particularly contracts and technology, to gain competitive advantages.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Concert to showcase students
Camas to revisit tax
High-speed broadband expansion underway
Unserved Gorge businesses, residents and institutions will be connected
August 30, 2011 12:00 am | comments
Construction is underway on a major expansion of broadband fiber that will connect the unserved Washougal and Wind River areas with high-speed Internet service.
Northwest Open Access Network is starting construction on two projects that will bring high-speed Internet access to schools, hospitals, emergency response agencies and libraries across the Columbia River Gorge. The projects will lay the ground work for bringing broadband service to thousands of businesses and households.
Construction crews are at work laying more than 50 miles of high speed fiber in Skamania County during the next three months.
The new broadband Internet service will be available soon after construction is completed this fall.
"This broadband initiative will create immediate jobs during construction and attract economic investment to rural areas that have struggled from limited access to broadband," said Greg Marney, chief executive officer of NoaNet.
The new broadband infrastructure will create a network connection capable of connecting community colleges and universities, creating opportunities for collaboration on research and information exchange. Emergency workers can make remote diagnoses, enhance professional training with reduced travel and provide immediate assessment via videoconferencing.
It will allow businesses to use credit and debit card systems, automated inventory and fulfillment systems and web sales, while farmers will be able to participate in commodities trading.
"Broadband expansion will spur economic development for area business and will offer a new conduit for information to flow to and from Columbia Gorge Communities," said Brian Adams, manager of Sawtooth Technologies, LLC. "As part of the NoaNet grant, this type of network has the capacity to connect most schools and libraries in Skamania and Klickitat counties, including a one gigabit per second connection between all five schools in the Washougal School District."
The projects are being paid for by the federal American Reinvestment and Recovery Act grants, and local entities are providing matching dollars. Sawtooth Technologies/SawNet, of Washougal, partnered with NoaNet and is contracted to build the high-speed fiber.
NoaNet is a consortium of more than 60 private, governmental, tribal and non profit participants. It is a non-profit mutual corporation that provides wholesale telecommunications transport.
NoaNet, headquartered in Tacoma, has operated a public open-access broadband communication network totaling 1,831 fiber miles. The network provides rural areas access to broadband services.
For more information, call (866) 662-6380 or (509) 456-3611 or visit www.noanet.net.


text:
Airlines Launch New Website Dedicated to Hating on Long Lines at Airports
By: Ethan Wolff-Mann
Ethan Wolff-Mann
United Unveils Ridiculously Luxe Sleep Pods for Business Class
Walking Through First Class to Coach Makes Travelers Really Angry
Lyft Officially Begins Service at LAX Airport
Bill in Congress Would Prevent Airlines from Charging Fees for the Bathroom
A Driver's License Won't Get You Through Airport Security If You Live in These States
Published: May 09, 2016 2 min read
https://money.com/ihatethewait-airport-line-website/
Travelers wait to check bags with Southwest Airlines Co. ticket counters in Terminal 1 of Los Angeles International Airport (LAX) in Los Angeles, California, U.S., on Tuesday, Aug. 18, 2015.
Patrick T. Fallon—Getty Images/Bloomberg
An airline trade group, Airlines for America, just launched a website called "ihatethewait.com" for passengers to complain about long waits in airport security lines -- the bane of any air traveler's existence.
At peak hours, lines can stretch to incredible lengths and navigating them can take well over an hour—90 minutes in some cases. A few days ago the TSA asked Congress for more money to hire and train personnel to deal with the massive summer crowds, and said it would up its staff at security checkpoints to speed things up.
It may seem weird that the airline trade group—which counts Alaska Airlines, American Airlines, JetBlue Airways, Hawaiian Airlines, Southwest Airlines and United Airlines as members—launched a website dedicated to annoyance with air travel, but airlines are hoping that the collective passenger outrage amassed on the site will help press Congress to increase security funding. According to Dallas News' aviation blog, the site lets travelers tell each other what to expect at the airport and whether they need to budget more time and aims to promote the hashtag #ihatethewait on social media.
It's probably a stretch for the airlines to expect consumers to use their website, but there's a far better chance the hashtag will catch on, especially considering people's love for expressing sentiment—especially when it's negative.


Bill Cosby Sentenced To Prison: Celebs React!
Bill Cosby was sentenced to 3 to 10 years in prison on Sept. 25, 2018, after he was convicted of drugging and sexually assaulting Andrea Constand in 2004. Alyssa Milano, Kathy Griffin and more sound off on Cosby's sentencing.


text:
Yamaga lanterns Yamaga toro
Traditional paper craft from the Muromachi period
A mirage of light and golden traditional paper
What is Yamaga lanterns ?
Yamaga Toro are lanterns made of washi (traditional Japanese paper) produced in the area centering on Yamaga City, Kumamoto Prefecture. In the Yamaga Lantern Festival, a special summer attraction, we find them in the form of gold miniature garden lanterns gracefully adorning the heads of one thousand dancing women and complimenting their yukata (summer cotton kimono). There are also exquisitely made lanterns, which are detailed scale replicas of actual buildings usually at 1/20 to 1/30 reduction; they are modelled upon a shrine, a Japanese old-style house, or castle. Every year, at the time of the Yamaga Lantern Festival, such magnificent and delicate works made by lantern artisans are offered at the Omiya Shrine.
The characteristic feature of the stunning Yamaga Toro is they are made entirely of washi and glue with no clasps or fittings, and by using the bare minimum of tools such as a ruler, small knife, scissors, and flatiron. The classic architectural curves are made with no margins for gluing, and only using the paper thickness to make the joins; they are truly delicate and intricate works of art. These lanterns are made very accurately to scale, but the craftsmen have some unique tricks of perspective and visual illusion that make the viewer feel as though they are looking at the front of a real building in miniature. They appear to be so substantial and solid, it is hard to believe they are only made of paper. In 2013, Yamaga Toro was designated as a Japanese traditional craft.
There are a number of romantic legends concerning the history of Yamaga Toro. One of the most told stories dates back to the time of Emperor Keiko, the 12th emperor, who during an imperial tour of the Kyushu region, was caught with his entourage in a very thick fog around the Kikuchi River flowing through the Yamaga area. Villagers lit torches to guide and welcome the party to the Omiya Shrine, which still exists today.
Since then, torches had been offered to the Omiya Shrine every year until in the Muromachi period (1336-1573), they were replaced with paper gold lanterns. Historical records state that in the Edo period (1603-1868), wealthy merchants commissioned lantern artisans to make a particularly gorgeous style of lantern, which they did in the Japanese house or five-storied pagoda style still seen today.
Another reason for the development of Yamaga Toro is the beginnings of papermaking in the Yamaga area, which was a result of the Bunroku-Keicho War fought in Korea starting in 1592. Around this time, Lord Kato Kiyomasa, returning with his army to Japan, brought back two papermakers, Kyoshun and Dokyo. The two artisans were officially commissioned to spread washi (Japanese paper) making, and later, Kyoshun moved to present day Imo in Kahoku Town, Yamaga City, and introduced papermaking skills throughout Yamaga. The industry thrived and the area around Yamaga became an important paper producing center, greatly affecting the development of Yamaga Toro.
1. Backing Yamaga Toro must be made from handmade washi; even the gold and silver paper are backed with washi.
2. Pricking Out Using a bugami (paper pattern) with holes marking out the dimensions of each part, indicator points are pricked with a needle on the lantern paper, during which lines for folding or cutting are clearly distinguished. Even though each garden lantern is so small, they can contain as many as 200 or so parts.
3. Line Marking A hotarugai metal spatula is used to mark lines on the lantern paper to indicate links between the pricked points.
4. Cutting the Roof, Short Supports and Hexagon The parts for the roof, short supports, and hexagon of the garden lantern are cut out with a small knife.
5. Paper Pattern and Pencil Drawing Curves are marked using a pencil and paper pattern.
6. Cutting Other Parts Any remaining uncut parts are now cut out with a small knife. For the ornamental rooftop section, since there is no margin for gluing, washi edges are chamfered.
7. Gluing All individual section parts are glued in readiness for the full assembly.
8. Assembly of the Ornamental Rooftop The ornamental rooftop is made of six sections and the chambered edges are carefully assembled.
9. Entire Assembly Finally each assembled section is joined together to complete a magnificent golden Yamaga Toro.
3-35 Chibajomachi, Chuo-ku Kumamoto-shi, Kumamoto, 860-0001, Japan
See more Other crafts


The interpretation of laws is confined to courts of law. In course of time, courts have evolved a large and elaborate body of rules to guide them in construing or interpreting laws. Most of them have been collected in books on interpretation of statutes and the draftsman would be well advised to keep these in mind in drafting Acts. Some Interpretation Acts, like the Canadian one, lay down that every Act shall be deemed remedial and shall accordingly receive such fair, large and liberal construction and interpretation as will best ensure the attainment of the object of the Act according to its true intent, meaning and spirit. The object of all such rules or principles as aforesaid broadly speaking, is to ascertain the true intent, meaning and spirit of every statute. A statute is designed to be workable, and the interpretation thereof by a court should be to secure that object, unless crucial omission or clear direction makes that unattainable.
The primary and important rule of interpretation is called the Literal Rule, laid down in the Sussex Peerage Case. This rule stated that: "The only rule for the construction of Acts of Parliament is, that they should be construed according to the intent of the Parliament which passed the Act. If the words of the statute are in themselves precise and unambiguous, then no more can be necessary than to expound those words in their natural and ordinary sense. The words themselves alone do, in such case; best declare the intention of the lawgiver. But if any doubt arises from the terms employed by the Legislature, it has always been held a safe mean of collecting the intention to call in aid the ground and cause of making the statute, and to have recourse to the preamble, which, according to Chief Justice Dyer is "a key to open the minds of the makers of the Act, and the mischiefs which they intend to redress".
Constitutional provisions should not be construed in isolation from all other parts of the Constitution, but should be construed as to harmonize with those other parts. A provision of the constitution must be construed and considered as part of the Constitution and it should be given a meaning and an application which does not lead to conflict with other Articles and which confirms with the Constitution's general scheme. When there are two provisions in a statute, which are in apparent conflict with each other, they should be interpreted such that effect can be given to both and that construction which renders either of them inoperative and useless should not be adopted except in the last resort.
This principle is illustrated in the case of Raj Krishna v. Binod. In this case, two provisions of Representation of People Act, 1951, which were in apparent conflict were brought forth. Section 33 (2) says that a Government Servant can nominate or second a person in election but section 123(8) says that a Government Servant cannot assist any candidate in election except by casting his vote. The Supreme Court observed that both these provisions should be harmoniously interpreted and held that a Government Servant was entitled to nominate or second a candidate seeking election in State Legislative assembly. This harmony can only be achieved if Section 123(8) is interpreted as giving the govt. servant the right to vote as well as to nominate or second a candidate and forbidding him to assist the candidate it any other manner.
Beneficent construction involves giving the widest meaning possible to the statutes. When there are two or more possible ways of interpreting a section or a word, the meaning which gives relief and protects the benefits which are purported to be given by the legislation, should be chosen. A beneficial statute has to be construed in its correct perspective so as to fructify the legislative intent. Although beneficial legislation does receive liberal interpretation, the courts try to remain within the scheme and not extend the benefit to those not covered by the scheme. It is also true that once the provision envisages the conferment of benefit limited in point of time and subject to the fulfillment of certain conditions, their non-compliance will have the effect of nullifying the benefit. There should be due stress and emphasis to Directive Principles of State Policy and any international convention on the subject.
There is no set principle of construction that a beneficial legislation should always be retrospectively operated although such legislation such legislation is either expressly or by necessary intendment not made retrospective. Further, the rule of interpretation can only be resorted to without doing any violence to the language of the statute. In case of any exception when the implementation of the beneficent act is restricted the Court would construe it narrowly so as not to unduly expand the area or scope of exception. The liberal construction can only flow from the language of the act and there cannot be placing of unnatural interpretation on the words contained in the enactment. Also, beneficial construction does not permit rising of any presumption that protection of widest amplitude must be deemed to have been conferred on those for whose benefit the legislation may have been enacted.
Beneficial Construction of statutes have enormously played an important role in the development and beneficial interpretation of socio – economic legislations and have always encouraged the Indian legislators to make more laws in favour of the backward class of people in India.
The general rule for the construction of a penal statute is that it would be strictly interpreted, that is, if two possible and reasonable constructions can be put upon a penal provision, the Court must lean towards that construction which exempts the subject from penalty rather than the one which imposes a penalty. A penal statute has to be construed narrowly in favour of the person proceeded against. This rule implies a preference for the liberty of the subject, in case of ambiguity in the language of the provision. The courts invariably follow the principle of strict construction in penal statutes. In constructing a penal Act, if a reasonable interpretation in a particular case can avoid the penalty the Court adopts that construction.


Our open and global distribution platform for android games offers new opportunities for you as a developer. Your games can now easily reach the whole market without requiring you to integrate and operate multiple channels at prohibitive cost. We let you focus on what you do best while we offer services and technology that maximises your revenues. It's our mission to help you succeed with new distribution!


text:
The Great Tax Escape
You Can Deduct That
Reasons to Get a Degree in Accounting
Figuring out what career you want to go for in life is hard enough as it is, but having to choose a bachelor's degree makes you decide what that career will be much sooner than some people may be ready for. Where do you want to go in life? What do you want to do with...
Why A Career In Accounting Makes Sense
Even though accounting is not the number one career choice for everyone, it doesn't mean a career in accounting isn't prosperous and interesting. A benefit associated with the accounting field is there are a vast number of options, allowing you to choose the best fit...
Why Accounting is a Rewarding Career
Accounting Can Make You a Better Decision Maker
Strange Tax Deductions You Didn't Know About
The Best Books That Teach the Basics of Accounting
Why Do We Need Accounting?
David Auer CPA
© David Auer 2023


Arras ( /ˈærəs/; French pronunciation: [aʁɑːs]; Dutch: Atrecht) is the capital (chef-lieu/préfecture) of the Pas-de-Calais department, which is half of Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France's fourth most populous region. It is located in Northern France on the Scarpe river. The Arras plain lies on a large chalk plateau bordered on the north by the Marqueffles fault, on the southwest by the Artois and Ternois hills, and on the south by the slopes of Beaufort-Blavincourt. On the east it is connected to the Scarpe valley.
Established during the Iron Age by the Gauls, the town of Arras was first known as Nemetocenna, which is believed to have originated from the Celtic word nemeton, meaning 'sacred space'. The first mention of the name Arras appeared in the 12th century. Some hypothesize it is a contraction of Atrebates, a Belgic tribe of Gaul and Britain that used to inhabit the area. The name Atrebates could have successively evolved to become Atrades, Atradis, Aras and finally Arras. Others believe it comes from the Celtic word Ar, meaning 'running water', as the Scarpe river flows through Arras.
Arras is Pas-de-Calais' third most populous town after Calais and Boulogne-sur-Mer. The town counted 43,693 residents in 2012, with the Arras metropolitan area having a population of 124,200. Arras is located 182 kilometers (113 miles) north of Paris and can be reached in 2 hours by car and in 50 minutes by TGV. It is the historic center of the former Artois province. Its local speech is characterized as a patois. The city of Arras is well known for its architecture, culture, and history. It was once part of the Spanish Netherlands, a portion of the Low Countries controlled by Spain from 1556 to 1714.
Each year Arras attracts thousands of visitors, who explore the city's architecture and historic buildings. Some famous attractions include the splendid Town Hall and its Belfry (listed as an UNESCO World Heritage Site since 15 July 2005), the "Boves" (a maze 10 meters beneath the city), the Squares (La Place des Héros and La Grand'Place), the Art District (the Theatre of Arras and the Hôtel de Guînes), the Abbey District (The Saint-Vaast Abbey and the Cathedral of Arras), the Vauban Citadel, and the Nemetacum site (the ancient town founded by the Romans 2000 years ago).
Unlike many French words, the final s in the name Arras should be pronounced.
Archaeologists found evidence of prehistoric human settlements in the Scarpe basin. The archaeological sites of Mont-Saint-Vaast in Arras and Biache-Saint-Vaast were Stone Age settlements of the Mousterian culture. They were evidenced by the finds of stone tools. These tools show signs of the Levallois technique, a name given by archaeologists to a distinctive type of stone knapping, developed by precursors to modern humans during the Paleolithic period 170,000 years ago.
Very little was found to document the Bronze Age and Early Iron Age in the Arras area.
Arras was founded on the boat of Baudimont by the Belgic tribe of the Atrebates, who named it Nemetocenna in reference to a nemeton that probably existed there. It was later renamed Nemetacum/Atrebatum by the Romans, under whom it became an important garrison town.
In the Scarpe valley archaeologists' excavations and data recovery revealed Late Iron Age settlements. These buildings, believed to be farms, were found near the municipalities of Arras, Hamblain-les-Prés and Saint-Pol.
In the 4th century, Nemetecacum was renowned for its arts and crafts as well as textiles trade throughout the whole empire. Between 406 and 407, the city was taken and destroyed by Germanic invaders. In 428, the Salian Franks led by Clodion le Chevelu took control of the region including the current Somme department. Roman General Aetius then chose to negotiate for peace and concluded a treaty (fœdus) with Clodion that gave the Franks the status of «foederati» fighting for Rome.
The town's people were converted to Christianity in the late 4th century by Saint Inoccent, who was killed in 410 during a barbarian attack on the town. In 499, after the conversion of Clovis I to Catholicism, a diocese (évêché in French) was created in Arras, the Roman Catholic Diocese of Arras, and given to Saint Vaast (also known as Saint Vedast in English), who remains the diocesan patron saint. Saint Vaast then established an episcopal see and a monastic community. It was suppressed in 580 to found the Roman Catholic Diocese of Cambrai, from which it would reemerge five centuries later.
In 667 Saint Aubert, bishop of Cambrai, decided to found the Abbey of Saint Vaast, which developed during the Carolingian period into an immensely wealthy Benedictine abbey. The modern town of Arras initially spread around the abbey as a grain market. During the 9th century, both town and abbey suffered from the attacks of the Vikings, who later settled to the west in Normandy. The abbey revived its strength in the 11th century and played an important role in the development of medieval painting, successfully synthesizing the artistic styles of Carolingian, Ottonian and English art.
Arazzi - a tapestry representing "God and Noe conversation"
In 1025, a Catholic council was held at Arras against certain Manichaean (dualistic) heretics who rejected the sacraments of the Church. In 1093, the bishopric of Arras was refounded on territory split from the Diocese of Cambrai. In 1097 two councils, presided over by Lambert d'Arras, dealt with questions concerning monasteries and persons consecrated to God. In this time, Arras became an important cultural center, especially for the group of poets who came to be known as trouvères. One particular society of such poets was later called the Puy d'Arras.
The town was granted a commercial charter by the French crown in 1180 and became an internationally important location for banking and trade. The wool industry of Arras, established in the 4th century, became of great importance during the Middle Ages. Already in the third century Romans had lauded about the quality of wool from Tournai and Arras. By the eleventh century Arras was the leading city and trading hub of the wool industry. This prominence would eventually shift towards areas north of Arras, and cities such as Lille, Douai and Saint-Omer, followed by Ypres and eventually Bruges would become the centres of the wool industry and trade. However, by the 14th century Arras still was renowned and drew considerable wealth from the cloth and wool industry, and was particularly well known for its production of fine tapestries—so much so that in English and Italian the word Arras (Arazzi in Italian) was adopted to refer to tapestries in general. The patronage of wealthy cloth merchants ensured that the town became an important cultural center, with major figures such as the poet Jean Bodel and the trouvère Adam de la Halle making their homes in Arras.
The ownership of the town was repeatedly disputed along with the rest of Artois. During the Middle Ages, possession of Arras passed to a variety of feudal rulers and fiefs, including the County of Flanders, the Duchy of Burgundy, the Spanish branch of the House of Habsburg and the French crown. In 1430, Joan of Arc (Jeanne d'Arc in French), was imprisoned in the region of Arras. The town was the site of the Congress of Arras in 1435, an unsuccessful attempt to end the Hundred Years' War that resulted in the Burgundians breaking their alliance with the English. After the death of Duke Charles the Bold of Burgundy in 1477, King Louis XI of France took control of Arras but the town's inhabitants, still loyal to the Burgundians, expelled the French. This prompted Louis XI to besiege Arras in person and, after taking it by assault, he had the town's walls razed and its inhabitants expelled, to be replaced by more loyal subjects from other parts of France. In a bid to erase the town's identity completely, Louis renamed it temporarily to Franchise. In 1482, the Peace of Arras was signed in the town to end a war between Louis XI and Maximilian I of Austria; ten years later, the town was ceded to Maximilian. It was eventually bequeathed to the Spanish Habsburgs as part of the Spanish Netherlands.
Arras remained under Habsburg rule from 1493 until 1640 when it was captured by the French. The Spanish ceded it by the peace treaty in 1659 and it has since remained French. The Union of Atrecht (the Dutch name for Arras) was signed here in January 1579 by the Catholic principalities of the Low Countries that remained loyal to King Philip II of Habsburg; it provoked the declaration of the Union of Utrecht later the same month.
Maximilien de Robespierre, a French lawyer and politician from Arras and one of the best-known and most influential figures of the French Revolution, was elected fifth deputy of the third estate of Artois to the Estates-General in 1789. During the French Revolution, the city of Arras was first presided over by French reformer Dubois de Fosseux, erudite squire, secretary of the Arras district (arrondissement in French) and future president of the Pas-de-Calais department. Around the same time, competing against Aire-sur-la-Lys, Calais and Saint-Omer, Arras won the prefecture of Pas-de-Calais. From September 1793 to July 1794, during the Reign of Terror, the city was under the supervision of Joseph Lebon who implemented food restrictions, ordered 400 executions and destroyed several religious monuments including the Arras Cathedral and the Abbey of St. Vaast. Arras' demography and economic activity remained the same throughout the French Revolution while Lille's grew exponentially. In 1898, under the influence of Mayor Émile Legrelle, some of Arras' ramparts were demolished to build vast boulevards, establish a new sewage system and replace the old railway station from 1846.
During most of the First World War, Arras was about 10 kilometers (6.2 miles) away from the front line, and a series of battles were fought around the city and nearby at the Vimy Ridge.
On 31 August 1914, German light cavalry (Uhlans) arrived in Tilloy-lès-Mofflaines, and an army patrol made a foray into Arras. On 6 September 1914, 3,000 soldiers led by General Hans-Jürgen von Arnim barracked within the city and in the Arras citadel. Shortly after, Louis Ernest de Maud'huy's soldiers partly repelled the German army troops, and trenches were dug in the Faubourgs d'Arras. On 7 October 1914, the Arras city hall burned. On 21 October 1914, the belfry was destroyed, and so was the Arras Cathedral on 6 July 1915.
In 1917, a series of medieval tunnels beneath the city, linked and greatly expanded by the New Zealand Tunnelling Company, became a decisive factor in the British forces holding the city.
By the end of World War I, the city was so heavily damaged that three quarters had to be rebuilt. The reconstruction was extremely costly, yet it proved to be a success and allowed the city to expand.
In the early stages of the second World War, during the invasion of France in May 1940, the city was the focus of a major British counterattack. Arras was an Allied counterattack against the flank of the German army. The German forces were pushing north toward the channel coast, in order to entrap the Allied Forces that were advancing east into Belgium. The counterattack at Arras was an Allied attempt to cut through the German spearhead and frustrate the German advance. Although the Allies initially made gains, they were repulsed by German forces and forced to withdraw to avoid encirclement. Arras was then occupied by the Germans and 240 suspected French Resistance members were executed in the Arras citadel. On 3 September 1944, the city was entered and liberated by the British Guards Armoured Division.
In September 1993, Ipswich (England) and Arras became twin towns, and a square in the new Ipswich Buttermarket development was named Arras Square to mark the relationship.
Arras is located in northern France in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region. Nord-Pas-de-Calais is divided in 2 departments: Nord and Pas-de-Calais. Arras is in the south-east part of the Pas-de-Calais department and forms the Arras district (arrondissement d'Arras in French) in the Artois, a former province of northern France.
By car, it is 182 kilometers (113 miles) north of Paris, 110 kilometers (68 miles) east of the English Channel, 152 kilometers (94 miles) south of Brussels, and 335 kilometers (208 miles) south of Amsterdam.
The city's total area is 1163 hectares/11.63 square kilometers (4.49 square miles). The lowest point in the city is at 52 meters (171 feet) above sea level and the highest is at 99 meters (325 feet).
The soil of Arras is primarily composed of chalk, a soft, white, porous sedimentary rock that formed what is called the European stratigraphic unit. That Chalk Group deposited during the Late Cretaceous period 90 million years ago. It used to be extracted to construct the most prestigious buildings and houses of Arras. As a result, residents once nicknamed the city La ville blanche (the White Town). The Arras area soil is also composed of clay, which was used to produce bricks, build less noble buildings, and embellish façades. Clay is mostly found in the lieu-dit of La Terre Potier in the western part of the city.
The level of earthquake hazard in the Arras area is low, as is it in the whole Pas-de-Calais department.
Two rivers flow through Arras: the Scarpe and the Crinchon, both left tributary of the 350-kilometer-long European river called the Scheldt (L'Escaut in French). The Crinchon is a rather small river of 19 kilometers (12 miles) flowing through Arras underground while the Scarpe is 102 kilometers (63 miles) long, of which two thirds has been turned into canals.
The source of the Scarpe is at Berles-Monchel near Aubigny-en-Artois. It flows through the cities Arras, Douai and Saint-Amand-les-Eaux. The river ends at Mortagne-du-Nord where it flows into the Scheldt.
The river and its valley were important battlegrounds in the first World War.
Arras mainly experiences a Western European oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfb ) affected by the North Atlantic Current due to its proximity of the English Channel (La Manche in French). The city's climate is characterized by frequent rains in all seasons, and temperatures throughout the year are mild because of the proximity of the sea. The thermal amplitude is generally low. However, the city can sometimes endure brief cold temperatures as it is at the crossroads between oceanic and continental influences. Therefore, the region's climate can also be referred as semi-oceanic (known as a Climat océanique dégradé in French).
Summer days are usually moderately warm and agreeable with average temperatures hovering between 13 and 23 °C (55 and 73 °F), and a fair amount of sunshine. Yet the temperature occasionally rises above 30 °C (86 °F). Some years have even witnessed some unusual long periods of harsh summer weather, such as the heat wave of 2003 where temperatures exceeded 30 °C (86 °F) for weeks, reaching 38 °C (100 °F) on some days and rarely even cooling down at night. Spring and Fall have rather warm days and fresh nights, but remain quite unstable. Winter days are cold but generally above freezing with temperatures around 2 °C (36 °F); sunshine is usually scarce. Light night frosts are common as the temperature often fall below 0 °C (32 °F). Snowfall has been rare in the past decade but happens depending on the year, such as in the Winter of 2009–10, which led to atypical cold weather, and caused many parts of Europe to experience heavy snowfall and record-low temperatures. The most recent warmest winters recorded were in 1989–90, 1994–95, 2006–07 and 2013–14. The Arras region (and most Northern Europe) had remarkably warm and sunny weather in the winter of 2013–14.
Rain falls throughout the year. Average annual precipitation is 61.88 millimetres (2.44 in) with light rainfall fairly distributed throughout the year. The highest recorded temperature is 36.6 °C (97.9 °F), and the lowest is a −19.5 °C (−3.1 °F).
On 28 October 2013, Cyclone Christian (also known as the St. Jude storm), one of the strongest extra-tropical cyclones ever recorded, hit Northern Europe including the Arras area. The cyclone's central pressure was 981 mb, and wind speeds reached a maximum of 121 kilometers per hour (75 miles per hour). The city of Arras did not experience any major damage though.
As of 2012, the population of Arras is 43,693 for a density of 3,756.92 people per square kilometer (9,880.69 per square mile). The residents go by the name of Arrageois (male) and Arrageoise (female). The population is rather young as the highest number of residents is 15-29 of age. The most recent male to female ratio is 100:113, and the female to male ratio is 100:89. There are 20,198 males (47%) for 22,474 females (53%). The Arras metropolitan area has a population of 124,200.
Arras's Basilique-Cathédrale Notre-Dame et Saint-Vaast is the cathedral, a minor basilica, episcopal see of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Arras.
Arras is part of the académie de Lille (Lille's School District). There are 11 écoles maternelles (nursery schools), 11 écoles primaires (elementary schools), 8 collèges (junior high schools) and 7 lycées (high schools) within the city.
The city center is marked by two large squares, La Grand' Place and La Place des Héros, also called La Petite Place. The two squares are surrounded by a unique architectural ensemble of 155 Flemish-Baroque-style townhouses. These were built in the 17th and 18th century and were initially made of wood. In 1918, after the end of World War I, most of the townhouses were so severely damaged that they had to be restored to their pre-war conditions. They now made of bricks.
The Gothic town hall and its belfry were constructed between 1463 and 1554 and had to be rebuilt in a slightly less grandiose style after World War I. The belfry is 75 meters (246 feet) high and used to serve as a watchtower. Nowadays tourists can enjoy ascending the belfry.
The original cathedral was constructed between 1030 and 1396 and was one of the most beautiful Gothic structures in Northern France. It was destroyed during the French Revolution and rebuilt in the 19th century. The present catedral Basilique-Cathédrale Notre-Dame et Saint-Vaast is a minor basilica.
The Boves, a well-preserved underground network of tunnels, 10 meters beneath the city, was built in the 10th century and can now be visited by tourists. The idea was to set up a vast underground network to make all inhabitants' cellars interconnect by means of tunnels. Excavation material (chalk) was not wasted but rather used to construct houses. During World War I and World War II, the Boves was utilized as an underground bunker to hide and protect residents and valued objects from falling bombs.
The Art District is renowned for its Italian-style theatre hall built in 1785 and the Hôtel de Guînes, a private 18th-century townhouse that attracts artists, designers and producers of intimist shows.
Many of Arras's most remarkable structures, including the Musée des beaux-arts d'Arras and several government buildings, occupy the site of the old Abbey of St. Vaast. The abbey's church was demolished and rebuilt in fashionable classical style in 1833, and now serves as the town's cathedral. The design was chosen by the one-time Abbot of St Vaast, the Cardinal de Rohan, and is stark in its simplicity, employing a vast number of perpendicular angles. There is a fine collection of statuary within the church and it houses a number of religious relics.
Built by Vauban between 1667 and 1672, the Citadel has been nicknamed La belle inutile (the beautiful useless one) by residents as it has never been directly involved in heavy fighting and didn't prevent the Germans from occupying the city in either World War. Since 7 July 2008 it has been part of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites Fortifications of Vauban which includes eleven other fortifications. Within the citadel on the side of La Place de Manœuvre a small Baroque-style chapel was built. Outside, Le Mur des Fusillés (the wall of the people executed by a firing squad) pays tribute to the 218 members of the French Resistance shot in the citadel's ditch during World War II.
Arras holds the biggest Christmas market north of Paris every year from the end of November to the end of December. Around 80 exhibitors offer a wide selection of arts and crafts, as well as local delicacies like chocolate rats, Atrébate beer and Coeurs d'Arras – heart-shaped biscuits which come in two flavours, ginger and cheese. Entertainment includes cooking lessons with chefs, craft demonstrations, a merry-go-round, a ferris wheel, an ice-skating rink and heated shelters. It also offers native products from International locations such as Canada, Vietnam, Morocco, Indonesia, Africa and gourmet regional specialities from different parts of France: Auvergne, Savoie, South-Western France and Nord-Pas-de-Calais.
The Main Square Festival is held for several days in early July within the Vauban Citadel, attracting tens of thousands of attendees and playing host to major acts such as The Chemical Brothers, Coldplay, Imagine Dragons, David Guetta and The Black Eyed Peas.
The Festival international du film d'Arras is a popular film festival held for ten days in November.
Le jardin botanique Floralpina is a private botanical garden, specializing in alpine plants. It opens every year on the last Sunday of May and can be visited by appointment.
The Vimy Memorial is a memorial just north of the town honouring a major World War I battle, the Battle of Vimy Ridge, which marked the first time Canada fielded an entire army of her own. Four Canadian divisions fought there on Easter weekend 1917. The Battle of Vimy Ridge was part of the broader Allied offensive in April known as the Battle of Arras. Vimy was the only victory the Allies would enjoy during their 1917 spring offensive. The Basilica of Notre Dame de Lorette cemetery, overlooking the nearby village of Ablain-Saint-Nazaire, likewise stands before one of France's largest World War I necropolises. Part of an extensive network of tunnels dug in World War I by British Empire soldiers can be visited at the Carrière Wellington museum in the suburbs.
The Gare d'Arras railway station is served by a purpose-built branch of the LGV Nord high speed railway, with regular TGV services to Paris (45 minutes). There are also regular trains to Lille, Amiens, Dunkerque and several regional destinations.
Autoroute A1 (A1 highway) is a tollway that connects Arras with Lille and Paris. As part of the European 'inter-country' route E15, it also connects Arras with the United Kingdom and Spain as well as the northern and southern parts of France. Autoroute A26 (A26 highway) connects Arras with Calais and Reims.
Battles of Arras, for a list of battles named after the city.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed (1913). "Arras". Catholic Encyclopedia. Robert Appleton Company.
^ "Histoire Générale - Arras-Online". arras-online.com. http://www.arras-online.com/Histoire-Generale-27-page.html. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
^ "ARRAS Historique". nordmag.com. http://www.nordmag.com/nord_pas_de_calais/arras/histoire_arras.htm. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
^ a b "Mairie de ARRAS (62000) - Conseil-General.com". conseil-general.com. http://www.conseil-general.com/mairie/mairie-arras-62000.htm. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
^ "Arras in Nord-Pas-de-Calais -- a Guide to Arras in northern France". gofrance.about.com. http://gofrance.about.com/od/nordpasdecalais/a/Guide-to-Arras.htm. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
^ "Discover the heritage of the city of Arras - Arras Tourism Office". explorearras.com. http://explorearras.com/en/visit/heritage.html. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
^ "Arras." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. John Everett-Heath. Oxford University Press 2005.
^ a b "Arras." Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages. Ed. André Vauchez.
^ "Arras." Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary. (2007).
^ "Arras." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2008.
^ "Arras an Unburied City". New York Times. December 12, 1915. http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9A05E4D71739E233A25751C1A9649D946496D6CF. Retrieved 2015-08-16.
^ Johnson, Matt (20 April 2011). "Legacy of the Kiwi tunnellers". Stuff.co.nz. http://www.stuff.co.nz/travel/international/4906621/Legacy-of-the-Kiwi-tunnellers. Retrieved 16 September 2011.
^ "Ipswich – Arras". Ipswich Borough Council. Archived from the original on 30 May 2008. http://www.ipswich.gov.uk/Partnerships/Ipswich+-+Arras.htm. Retrieved 6 May 2008.
^ "Actualité Météo : Hiver 2013-2014 : douceur exceptionnelle et arrosage copieux - La Chaîne Météo". actualite.lachainemeteo.com. http://actualite.lachainemeteo.com/actualite-meteo/2014-02-19-06h41/hiver-2013-2014---exceptionnellement-doux---24244.php. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
^ "The New York Times". nytimes.com. http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/29/world/europe/powerful-storm-blasts-northern-europe.html?_r=0. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
^ "Climatological Information for Arras, France". Météo-France. August 2011. http://climat.meteofrance.com/chgt_climat2/climat_france?CLIMAT_PORTLET.path=climatstationn%2F75114001.
^ "POPULATION ARRAS : statistique d'Arras 62000". cartesfrance.fr. http://www.cartesfrance.fr/carte-france-ville/population_62041_Arras.html. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
^ "La Grand Place - Arras-Online". arras-online.com. http://www.arras-online.com/La-Grand-Place-46-page.html. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
^ "Le Beffroi et Place des Héros - Arras-Online". arras-online.com. http://www.arras-online.com/Le-Beffroi-et-Place-des-Heros-42-page.html. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
^ "Citadelle Vauban - Arras ". arras.fr. http://www.arras.fr/tourisme/office-de-tourisme/citadelle-vauban.html. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
"Rebuilding Arras after WW1: old and new ideas" on the website "Remembrance Trails of the Great War in Northern France"
This page uses content from the English language Wikipedia. The original content was at Arras. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with this Familypedia wiki, the content of Wikipedia is available under the Creative Commons License.


Take Interstate 294 North. Interstate 294 North will become Interstate 94 North. Exit at Half Day Road and turn left. Travel approximately 2.0 miles to Milwaukee Avenue and turn left again. At the first traffic light turn left into the Lincolnshire Marriott Resort entrance on Marriott Drive. Please make sure you are turning into the Marriott entrance and not the entrance for the Courtyard hotel.
Travel 4.7 miles south on South Cicero Avenue toward West 59th Street. Turn right onto West 59th Street. Travel 3.3 miles and merge onto Interstate 294 North via the ramp to Wisconsin Partial Toll Road. Travel 38.0 miles and exit at Half Day Road. Travel approximately 2.0 miles to Milwaukee Avenue and turn left again. At the first traffic light turn left into the Lincolnshire Marriott Resort entrance on Marriott Drive. Please make sure you are turning into the Marriott entrance and not entrance for the Courtyard hotel.


Kewzing village is at an altitude of 1700 meters in the landcape with highest point the Maenam Hill which gradually declines down to Ranjit River and opposite to Tashiding. Kewzing's location is blessed by Buddhist monasteries on all the four sides with Tashiding monastery in the south-west, Mangbru and Pemayengtshen Monastery in West, Ralong and Ravangla monastery in southeast, Doling Monastery in east and Bon Monastery towards the North.
The farmhouse has a total of 8 rooms divided in 3 categories, all of which are designed in traditional Sikkimese style which are all wooden furnished with all the modern amenities and attached bathrooms. The Log house suite is newly built complex with local Pine wood which adds to the true experience in living it out amongst nature at your doorsteps. The Villa Rooms are the newly built rooms facing the mountain range with personal balcony to mesmerize with the view right in the front. Family cottage has two rooms Mambru and Maenam with their verandas facing the Kanchenjunga Range.
The Farmhouse is actively involved in organic farming of the following crops, vegetables and fruits. Depending on one's interest visitors can plan their visit to the farm to coincide with the cropping season. The Farmhouse is surrounded by lush green large cardamom fields (Bhara Elaichi) which is a rare variety spread across six acres of land. The forest is enriched with wild edibles like bamboo shoots and cane shoots of different varieties during the monsoons, wild edibles ferns during the month of July to August, wild mushrooms during the monsoon seasons and stinking nettles in the month of August and September.


text:
package notificationcenter

import (
	"context"
	"reflect"

	"github.com/pkg/errors"

	"github.com/geniusrabbit/notificationcenter/v2/decoder"
)

var errInvalidReturnType = errors.New("invalid return types")

// ReceiverFrom converts income handler type to Receiver interface
func ReceiverFrom(handler any) Receiver {
	switch h := handler.(type) {
	case Receiver:
		return h
	case func() error:
		return FuncReceiver(func(msg Message) error {
			if err := h(); err != nil {
				return err
			}
			return msg.Ack()
		})
	case func(msg Message) error:
		return FuncReceiver(h)
	case func(ctx context.Context, msg Message) error:
		return FuncReceiver(func(msg Message) error { return h(msg.Context(), msg) })
	default:
		return ExtFuncReceiver(h)
	}
}

var (
	errorType   = reflect.TypeOf((*error)(nil)).Elem()
	contextType = reflect.TypeOf((*context.Context)(nil)).Elem()
	msgType     = reflect.TypeOf((*Message)(nil)).Elem()
)

// ExtFuncReceiver wraps function argument with arbitrary input data type
func ExtFuncReceiver(f any, decs ...decoder.Decoder) Receiver {
	fv := reflect.ValueOf(f)
	if fv.Kind() != reflect.Func {
		panic("argument must be a function")
	}
	dec := decoder.JSON
	if len(decs) > 0 && decs[0] != nil {
		dec = decs[0]
	}
	var (
		ft        = fv.Type()
		argMapper = make([]func(Message) (reflect.Value, error), 0, ft.NumIn())
		retMapper = make([]func(reflect.Value) error, 0, ft.NumOut())
	)
	for i := 0; i < ft.NumIn(); i++ {
		inType := ft.In(i)
		switch inType {
		case contextType:
			argMapper = append(argMapper, func(msg Message) (reflect.Value, error) {
				return reflect.ValueOf(msg.Context()), nil
			})
		case msgType:
			argMapper = append(argMapper, func(msg Message) (reflect.Value, error) {
				return reflect.ValueOf(msg), nil
			})
		default:
			argMapper = append(argMapper, func(msg Message) (reflect.Value, error) {
				newValue, newValueI := newValue(inType)
				err := dec(msg.Body(), newValueI)
				return newValue, err
			})
		}
	}
	for i := 0; i < ft.NumOut(); i++ {
		outType := ft.Out(i)
		switch outType {
		case errorType:
			retMapper = append(retMapper, func(v reflect.Value) error {
				if v.IsNil() {
					return nil
				}
				return v.Interface().(error)
			})
		default:
			panic(errInvalidReturnType)
		}
	}
	return FuncReceiver(func(msg Message) error {
		args := make([]reflect.Value, 0, len(argMapper))
		for _, fm := range argMapper {
			arg, err := fm(msg)
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}
			args = append(args, arg)
		}
		retVals := fv.Call(args)
		for i, fr := range retMapper {
			if err := fr(retVals[i]); err != nil {
				return err
			}
		}
		return nil
	})
}

func newValue(t reflect.Type) (reflect.Value, any) {
	if t.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
		return newValue(t.Elem())
	}
	v := reflect.New(t)
	i := v.Interface()
	return v, i
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


I go to meetings because that's often where people go to learn something new.
When I connect, I want to make an impression. Neither one of us has time for an extended discussion as the value is in meeting the people in the room, and following the discussion.
Rather than trying to make sales, I measure the number of handouts I give out.
What is a good handout? Inexpensive, interesting, providing a clear benefit with a deadline.
Do your handouts do that?
I recently met a Roy Rogers Restaurants franchisee. He had a normal looking business card. On the back was a walk-in coupon for a free chicken sandwich. He had a unique offer and established his authority on the back of his business card.
I have a card that fits into my pocket that offers valuable advice on one side, and our next public presentations on the other. The handout updates every month, so people I know well and see often keep getting new information.
I once got a phone call asking me if I still presented Talk Your Business – How to make more and better sales right away! I said I did and asked him how he had learned about it. He had just been hired and was cleaning out his predecessor's desk, when he found my handout. That started a multi-year client.
More recently, Phase://Technology, an open source software development company gave me a wine bottle "opener." They made themselves understood and desired before they started talking.
Comments - What's the best handout you've seen?
Usually you can't eat the handout - great idea though.
Best handout I can recall is a write-up about the person & topic on one side and a wonderful info piece on the back that took the topic to an even deeper level.
Best business card or leave-behind in my opinion is described by Tom Peters - he freely references the on-line location where you can download any of his documents and presentations for free. In the same spirit, provide a hot-sheet with links to useful references for improving sales, leadership, and business efficiency.


text:
Create history!
By thinking about world's problem's rather than your own
By finding a solution to these problems
By writing a classic
By delivering an address like Martin Luther King's I have a dream (audio)
By unleashing an idea virus
By being the change that you want to see in people like Mahatma Gandhi
By creating a world record
By winning against odds
By creating a better future for fellow dwellers of the planet
By helping people get more value out of their life
By giving clean water, food and fresh air to those who do not have it
By running the fastest mile ever
By creating a pioneering green city
By doing the unthinkable – What about becoming the first individual on planet earth to be worth $1trillion – think about it; it is possible you (only) need to own 20% of a company while you work on making it worth $5 trillion. On Financial Times Global 500 (updated as on June 30, 2010) Petro China and ExxonMobil are already valued close to 1/3rd of a trillion dollars. Then you have Apple and Microsoft valued close to quarter of a billion dollars and couple more in $200billion range. So if you think about it is possible, long shot but possible. Do you want to take a shot at it?
By changing how we eat or sleep – One of my online friends Jessa Gamble is trying to do that by suggesting people as we used to do during old days. Check out what she has to say about our natural sleep cycle.
By teaching the world about what it is like to be really content
Do you want to create history? What do you want to be known for?
Previous post Overnight success takes time
Next post Create and Connect


This is a guest post written by Tony Holladay. Tony Holladay is a native of California and moved to the Pacific Northwest over 10 years ago. An avid outdoorsman, he spends time fly fishing, hunting, camping and doing photography. Tony enjoys IPA as well as a good single-malt Scotch. He currently resides in Bellingham where all his favorite outdoor activities are readily available. He has been married for 26 years to Michelle and has 2 kids, Nathan, 21 and Rachel, 17. He also has a BS in Organizational Leadership from University of Charleston, West Virginia.
The Local is part of the Menace Brewery family and is located at 1427 Railroad Ave. Established in 2014, The Local used to be the only place to get Menace beer on draught. That changed 3 years ago when Menace opened their brewery on Meridian Street in Bellingham. The Local prides itself on quality and customer service.
First and foremost- for me, one of the most important things is how you are treated at any establishment- from the time you walk in to the time you head out the door. This is where The Local kills it, at least in my opinion. It doesn't matter how busy they are- chances are you will be greeted with a smile an a "How are you?" within minutes, if not seconds, of your arrival. Fair warning- this place can be extremely busy, and oftentimes it is difficult to find a table or bar space. But don't worry- most of the patrons are happy to slide over and share some room with you! The staff is very accommodating, and are simply pleasant all the time.
So now you are seated- and chances are you've got some water, draught list and food menu in front of you. Of course, you should always start with a beer. With 25 different beers on draught, they pretty much have it all, from IPA to lager to stout and everything else you can imagine. If you aren't in the mood for a beer, there is also a small selection of wine and always local cola's and root beer- you won't find any brand name soda's here! The taps are always rotating, which keeps the beer selection fresh. The menu always has the next draught listed, so if it is one you want to try, you will need to drink your way through to get it! The beers are from all over the PNW, and the tap house attempts to not have the same beer within a few months. They must be considered a microbrew- no large distributors allowed! Flights of 6 are available for $14, and Happy Hour is everyday- that's right- everyday- from 4pm-6pm! Additionally, you can try canned beer from the local area- they are always on special!
Side note- feel free to join the "Mug Club". Enjoy a custom mug with your name (and a mustache if you like) engraved on a 20oz mug. As a member, you will always enjoy 4oz free, and your second beer is always just $2!
Paige: Curry battered fish and chips- curry salt in the beer batter- so delicious and the fish is never dried out!
Julia: (vegetarian) Spinach artichoke dip served with pita bread. Amazing!
Kaya: Falafel. The best food ever. That's all you need to know!
TH: Steven- thanks for taking the time to sit down with me and talk about The Local. I am biased because this is one of my favorite places to get a beer and food- but let's set that aside for now!
SB: Thanks Tony! I appreciate you giving me the opportunity to tell the readers a little bit about The Local!
TH: How do you want people to see The Local?
SB: I think the "Cheers" of Bellingham – the place where everyone knows your name. We strive for that as soon as someone walks in the door. It's not just good good and beer- it is also about the great customer service!
TH: I can certainly agree with that- definitely a welcoming vibe when you enter! So- how do you decide the food menu? It is so fresh!
SB: Chef Brandon comes up with a new seasonal menu every quarter. He is influenced by world dishes, and so there is always an international flair that he turns into amazing pub food. The fish and chips and the Reuben sandwich are definitely crowd pleasers.
TH: What do you think is the best thing about The Local?
SB: It's the interaction that guests and staff have in the restaurant setting. We can have community discussions. This is one of the more welcoming locations that I have ever worked. The focus on local beers, food and supporting the local community is what our name is all about. Simply put- that's why we are called The Local. We don't want people to be intimidated by our name- you don't have to be a local to enjoy us, because we treat everyone as if they are a local. We welcome all to share in our Bellingham experience!
TH: Is there anything else you would like to say to the readers?
SB: Yes! 2 things! On May 4th, we will launch a local spirits push. It is our hope that a chance to experience some local spirits will bring in even more of a variety in our clientele. We will keep our main focus on beer and food, but are very excited to offer something new to the community.
I would also like to add that we are excited to offer anyone who mentions this article and explorewashingtonstate.com a 10% discount for the entire month of April!
TH: Wow! That is so awesome! Thank you so much! I really appreciate you taking a few minutes to sit down- I know this is a busy day for you!
Well- you heard it here first guys- head over to The Local in Bellingham for a 10% discount during April and give them some love!


Play MAX Playtime (0-8yrs), £2.50 Includes the use of our soft play area and toys laid out in the sports hall.
Park Leisure also have a host of fantastic sessions for children with a disability over Half Term ranging from indoor soft play to horse riding.
(Booking is essential) Bookings for horse-riding will be open from Monday 1st February from 9:00am till 3:00pm.
Please contact Fiona at Barrow AFC on Tel: 01229 870458 to book your child's place.
This activity is only open to children with disabilities and not siblings.
There's no need to book a place, just turn up and play for FREE!!
10.00am to 11.00am £33.00 Level 3 & 4 (shallow). Level 5 (deep).
Intensive Swimming Lessons Monday 15th to Friday 19th February 9.30am £33.00. Beginners 0-5m.
Enjoy Dodge Ball, Rounders, Swimming (aged 8+),Parachute Play, Crafts, Bouncy Castle and lots more! Bring swimwear, warm clothing and a packed lunch. 10% off for BSS/beActive members 20% off for BSS/beActive+ members.
Tuesday 16th February 2.00pm to 4.00pm at Broughton Victory Hall.


Here we go folks, the show everyone is waiting for, the show of all shows at the Loop. Michael Allman and Marble Garden-Night 2. Last chance to see two of the best in the music industry.
Marble Garden Marble Garden starts off the show, Marble Garden has one of the best slide guitarist in the nation. A mixture of blues, southern rock and funk to make a band that provides nothing but pure pleasure.
Michael Allman And for the headliner!!! Michael Allman, the son of the legendary Greg Allman of the Allman Brothers. Michael is a master of music. Guess it runs in the family. Want southern rock the classy way, you'll get it with Michael Allman.
This is a once in a life time show for La Porte, IN and surrounding areas. It's a pleasure to bring Marble Garden and Michael Allman both to the stage at the same time for two-full nights. If you want to make this show, it's important to purchase your tickets quick, these two shows will sell out fast.
PLEASE NOTE; This is the last show of the two-nights the Loop has brought to you with Michael Allman and Marble Garden!


An aesthetic and superb, floater, thumbnail cluster of gemmy and lustrous, pigeon's blood-red ruby crystals from recent finds at Luc Yen, Vietnam. This is THE classic color for ruby crystals. Ex. Steve Smale Collection.


There was a lot of interest in the Galloway Past Picture from last week, Friday, October 6, of some ladies from a local 'rural'.
Thanks to all those to took to social media to identify some of the names.
We also received a letter in The Galloway Gazette office from Mrs Margaret Donnan from Minnigaff. The letter states that she has an excellent memory and thinks the photo is of a Newton Stewart / Minnigaff WRI group from the mid 1950s.
She recognises all the faces but can quite remember all the names, although she has most of them.
Front row - Possibly Mona Lockhart, ??, Mrs McCreath, Mrs Annie McLelland, Mrs Peggy Fulton and Mrs Jessie Thornton.
Mrs Donnan also adds that Mrs McKnight and Mrs Thornton were sisters.
Thanks again for our readers help with this.


V. Amirkhanian, S. Fleckenstein. "Usability analysis of federal government web sites." Arthur Andersen Office of Government Services, Experience Design Group, February 2002. Scathing report on the poor usability of government websites.
J. Cardello. "The Difference between information architecture (IA) and navigation." Nielsen Norman Group Articles (June 22, 2014). Last checked 06/24/14. Explains the differences and why you should define the IA before you design the website navigation.
P. Morville. Intertwingled: Information changes everything. Ann Arbor, MI: Semantic Studios, 2014.
L. Rosenfeld, P. Morville, J. Arango. Information architecture for the World Wide Web. 4th edition. O'Reilly & Associates, 2015. The first edition of this book invented the information architecture discipline.
I. Young. Mental models: Aligning design strategy with human behavior. Brooklyn, NY: Rosenfeld Media, 2008.
A. Bostock. "Avoiding information overload: Knowledge management on the internet." [RTF] Joint Information Systems Committee-JISC. (June 2002). Last checked 04/02/12. This report focuses on Internet technology and provides an overview of the issues along with the devices and techniques available for management and retrieval of online information.
B. Boiko. Content management bible. New York, NY: Wiley, 2002. Everything you need to know about content management from the hands on implementers perspective. Also see the Content Management Bible home page. Last checked 04/02/12.
T. Byrne, ed. The Real Story Group (formerly CMS Watch). Last checked 05/09/13. Objective information, news, opinion, and analysis about web content management and other enterprise information management platforms.
C.W. Choo. Information management for the intelligent organization. 2nd edition. Medford, NJ: Information Today, 1998. Understanding how organizations manage information processes to achieve goals.
J.P. Dalton. "Managing content hypergrowth." Forrester, January 2001. R. Nakano. Web content management: a collaborative approach. Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley, 2002. Everything you need to know about content management from the business users perspective.
S. Phillips, E. Maguire, C. Shilakes. "Content management: The new data infrastructure–Convergence and divergence out of chaos." Merrill Lynch, June 2001. One of the first reports that says that unstructured content has value and needs to be treated like traditional database content.
T. Regli. Digital and marketing asset management: The real story about DAM technology and practice. Brooklyn, NY: Rosenfeld Media, 2016. An excellent overview of digital asset management (DAM) systems for the beginner, business owner and implementer.
L. Welchman. Managing chaos: Digital governance by design. Brooklyn, NY: Rosenfeld Media, 2015.
Advances in information retrieval: Recent research from the Center for Intelligent Information Retrieval. edited by W. Bruce Croft. Norwell, MA: Kluwer, 2000. Focuses on research that results in more effective and efficient access and =discovery in large, heterogeneous, distributed text and multimedia databases.
J. Bailey. After thought: The computer challenge to human intelligence. New York: Basic Books, 1996. Discusses linear (human) versus parallel (electronic) approach to mathematics and computation. The nature of electronic circuits can produce self-modifying machines that have the power to extract meaning from the flow of data.
R. Dolin, J. Pierre, M. Butler, and R. Avedon. "Practical evaluation of IR within automated classification systems." In: Proceedings of the Eigth International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM), November 2-6, 1999, Kansas City, MO. ACM, 1999.
W. Fan. "Text mining, web mining, information retrieval and extraction from the WWW references." Last updated 9/7/06. Last checked 04/02/12.
K. Hagedorn. "Extracting value from automated classification tools: The role of manual involvement and controlled vocabularies." [PDF] Argus Associates. March 2001. Last checked 04/02/12. Discusses types of automated classification tools, manual classification, importance of controlled vocabulary, and how to test automated classification tools.
K. Hall and D.W. Rasmus. "Criteria for selection: Classification technologies." Planning Assumption. Giga Information Group. (August 21, 2001).
K. Hall. Content tagging strategies. Giga Information Group, February 2001.
J. Ivers. "Presenting the case for automated classification." KMWorld (April 1999) p. 18.
KDNuggets directory, 1997- . Data mining and knowledge discovery newsletter. Last checked 04/02/12.
G.J. Kowalski and M.T. Maybury. Information storage and retrieval systems: Theory and implementation. 2nd edition. Norwell, MA: Kluwer, 2000. Theoretical and practical explanation of the latest advances in information retrieval and their applications to existing systems.
S. Lemieux. "Auto-Classification: Friend or foe of taxonomy management?" CMS Wire (Jan 30, 2012). Last checked 12/17/2013.
A. Rappoport. "Tools for Taxonomies, Browsable Directories, and Classifying Documents into Categories." (Current to 1/2012). Last checked 12/17/2013.
T. Reamy. Deep text: Using text analytics to conquer information overload, get real value from social media, and add big(ger) text to big data. Medford, NJ: Information Today, 2016.
"Text analysis tools." Last checked 12/17/2013.
"TaxoTools." Taxonomy Community of Practice. List of auto-categorization, taxonomy management, thesaurus-building and visualization tools. Last checked 12/17/2013.
"ToolKit: How to develop a taxonomy for your organization." 5 Information About Information Briefing 13 (April 24, 2002). Outsell's practical briefing provides a step-by-step approach to building a taxonomy.
C. J. van Rijsbergen. Information retrieval. 2nd edition. London: Buttersworth, 1979. Last checked 04/02/12. Full text version of the second edition of this definitive text book is available on the website of one of the foremost IR researchers.
J.S. Brown and P. Duguid, "Stolen knowledge," [PDF] 1992. Last checked 04/02/12. Paper on "situated learning" that is particularly interesting in its perceptions on explicit versus implicit learning.
J.A. Busch. "The Value of context for data and information." Presented at: National Science Foundation Workshop on Digital Archives and Information Preservation, Washington, D.C., March 26-28, 1999. Asks the questions: Why archive data and preserve information? For whom is it being archived and preserved? What possible uses will it be put to in the near and long term? And proposes some answers.
P.T. Gottschalk. "Use of IT for knowledge management in law firms." Journal of Information, Law and Technology(Issue 3, 1999). Last checked 04/02/12. Discusses results of a study to determine which law firms use information technology to support knowledge management, why, and how.
T.M. Jorde and D.J. Teece. "Rule of reason analysis of horizontal arrangements: Agreements designed to advance innovation and commercialize technology." Last checked 04/02/12. Article that looks at one area of antitrust inquiry — horizontal arrangements — focusing on the importance of innovation to competition.
R. Ruggles. Knowledge management tools. Butterworth-Heinemann, 1997. Last checked 04/02/12. Describes how technological tools can be used to support the automation or augmentation of organizational knowledge management. Defines knowledge management tools in contrast with data and information management tools.
P.A. Strassmann. "The value of computers, information and knowledge." Strassmann, Inc., January 30, 1996. Last checked 04/02/12. Discusses the relationship between corporate profitability and information technology spending, and measurement of return on investment for IT expenditures.
D.J. Teece, "Telecommunications in transition: Unbundling, reintegration, and competition," Michigan Telecommunications Technology Law Review 1/4 (1995) Last checked 04/02/12. This paper outlines technological changes — microelectronics, optics, and computer science, fully-interactive communications network, transition from analog to digital technologies, etc.—and explores their implications for competition policy, industry structure, and business organization.
R. Dornfest, D. Brickley. "The Power of metadata." O'Reilley P2P, Jan. 18, 2001. Last checked 04/02/12. Explains exactly what is metadata for the peer-to-peer audience. Argues for a coherent metadata framework based on commonalities, and to support searching for resources on the Web.
Digital libraries: Metadata resources. International Federation of Library Associations, Last revised October 24, 2005. Last checked 04/02/12. IFLA collection of Internet metadata resources.
Dublin Core Metadata Inititative. "DCMI metadata terms." 2008-01-14. Last checked 04/02/12. The Dublin Core is a simple metadata element set intended to facilitate discovery of electronic resources. This document is an up-to-date specification of all metadata terms maintained by the Dublin Core Metadata Initiative, including elements, element refinements, encoding schemes, and vocabulary terms (the DCMI Type Vocabulary).
W.H. Inmon, B. O'Neil and L. Fryman. Business metadata: Capturing enterprise knowledge. Burlington, MA: Morgan Kaufmann, 2008.
B. Lider and A. Mosoiu. "Building a metadata-based website." Boxes and Arrows (April 21, 2003) Last checked 04/02/12. SBI/Razorfish consultants describe when and how to develop ontology-driven website navigation.
"A passion for metadata: an interview with Todd Stephens of BellSouth." Data Discussions: Wilshire Conferences Interviews, 2003. Discusses work of BellSouth Metadata Services Group (MSG) which researches, designs and implements enterprise metadata strategy using standards including Dublin Core.
M. Bates. "After the dot-bomb: Getting web information retrieval right this time." 7 First Monday, Issue 7 (July 2002) Last checked 04/02/12. Discusses classifications, ontologies, indexing vocabularies, statistical properties of databases, and staff indexing support systems to improve search retrieval.
M. Bates. Information and the Information Professions: Selected Works Volume 1. Berkeley, CA: Ketchikan Press, 2016.
M. Bates. Information Searching Theory and Practice: Selected Works Volume 2. Berkeley, CA: Ketchikan Press, 2016.
M. Bates. Information Users and Information System Design: Selected Works Volume 3. Berkeley, CA: Ketchikan Press, 2016.
"Back to the basics of site searching." Lighthouse on the Web (August 21, 2000 ) Last checked 04/02/12.
H. Chen, S. Dumais. "Bringing order to the web: Automatically categorizing search results." [PDF] Proceedings of CHI 2000, pp. 145-152. Last checked 04/02/12.
S. Dumais, E. Cutrell, and H. Chen. "Optimizing search by showing results in context." Proceedings of CHI 2001, pp. 277-284. Last checked 04/02/12.
S. Feldman. "The high cost of not finding information." 13:3 KMWorld (March 2004). Last checked 04/02/12. This is an update to a whitepaper that was originally written for Inktomi when they were a leading search vendor. The paper quantifies the cost of poorly organized content.
P.R. Hagen. "Must search stink?" Forrester Research, June 2000.
M. Hearst, A. Elliott, J. English, R. Sinha, K. Swearingen, K. Yee. "The consumer side of search: Finding the flow in web site search." [PDF] 45:9 Communications of the ACM (September 2002). Last checked 04/02/12.
G. Notess. "Search engine showdown: The Users' guide to web searching," Last checked 04/02/12. Detailed analysis of Internet Search Engines, their features, databases, and strategies. Learn advanced searching secrets and more.
A. Rappoport. "Search tools for web sites and enterprise," Last updated 01/30/13. Last checked 12/17/13. This site provides information, news and advice about web site searching technology.
L Rosenfeld. "Cuisinarts, e-commerce, and … controlled vocabularies." Dr. Dobb's Portal (January 01, 2002) Last checked 04/02/12.
"The Search engine dictionary." Pandecta Magazine, 2007. Last checked 04/02/12. Authoritative glossary of search engine terms.
J. Spool. "Why on-site searching stinks." User Interface Engineering. Originally published Sept 1, 1997. Last checked 04/02/12.
Search engine watch (SEW): Search engine marketing tips & search engine news. Incisive Interactive Marketing. Last checked 04/02/12. The authoritative guide to search engine marketing (SEM) and search engine optimization (SEO), and latest news about search engines.
M. White. Making search work:Implementing web, intranet and enterprise search. Medford, NJ: Information Today, 2007.
"Why create an index." Brown Inc., 2001. Last checked 04/02/12.
K. Yee, K. Swearingen, K., M. Hearst. "Faceted metadata for image search and browsing." [PDF] Proceedings of the Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (April 2003) Last checked 04/02/12.
D. Allemang and J. Hendler. Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist: Effective Modeling in RDFS and OWL. 2d edition. Burlington, MA: Morgan Kaufmann, 2008. workingontologist.org. Last checked 3/2/2012.
K.K. Breitman, M.A. Casanove and W. Truszkowski. Semantic web: Concepts, technologies and applications.London: Springer Verlag, 2007.
Concept Searching. Last checked 3/2/2012. Software products for conceptual metadata generation, auto-classification, and taxonomy management.
CrunchBase. Last checked 3/2/2012. A free database of technology companies, people, and investors that anyone can edit.
Data Harmony. Semantic tools based on a well-built and systematically applied taxonomy or thesaurus. Last checked 6/10/14.
DBpedia. Last checked 3/2/2012. A community effort to extract structured information from Wikipedia and make this information available on the Web.
B. Ducharme. Learning SPARQL: Querying and Updating with SPARQL 1.1. Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly, 2011. Last checked 3/2/2012.
Freebase. Last checked 3/2/2012. An open graph of people, places and things with more than 22 million entities.
S. Grimes. " Breakthrough Analysis: Two + Nine Types of Semantic Search" Information Week (1/21/2010). Last checked 6/10/14. Characterization of current work in semantic search.
A. Linden. "The semantic web: Trying to link the world." Gartner Group, August 2001. Quick overview for business managers.
Open Calais. Last checked 3/2/2012. Toolkit of capabilities (term extraction, product metadata extraction, company metadata extraction, etc.) to incorporate semantic functionality such as faceted search within blogs, content management systems, websites or applications.
PoolParty. Tools to create and maintain knowledge graphs and extract meaning from data by making use of linked data technologies. Last checked 6/10/14.
Protégé. Free, open source ontology editor. Last checked 6/10/14.
Semantic search workshop: Magnet for the needle in a search haystack. Joint NKOS/CENDI workshop held December 6, 2012 at U.S. Department of Transportation in Washington, D.C. Includes links to presentations by Dean Allemang, Denise Bedford, Tom Baker, Bernadette Hyland, Tamas Doszkocs and others. Last checked 6/10/14.
Semantic Tech & Business Conference. Last checked 3/2/2012. SemTechBiz brings together industry leaders and practitioners to explore the challenges and opportunities in how semantic solutions and linked data are impacting corporate business leaders and technologists.
semanticweb.com. Last checked 3/2/2012. Trade website with articles, news and events related to the semantic technology and linked data business.
Semantic web development tools. Last checked 3/2/2012. Wiki containing collection of tool references that can help in developing Semantic Web applications including development environments, editors, programming languages libraries and modules, specialized browsers, etc.
Semantic web tools. Last checked 3/2/12. An overview of software tools related to the Semantic Web and semantic technologies in general.
A. Sheth. "Semantic meta data for enterprise information integration." Information Management (July 1, 2003). Last checked 3/2/2012.
"SKOS primer". W3C Working Group Note. (18 August 2009). Last checked 3/2/2012. Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS) user guide. SKOS provides a model for expressing the basic structure and content of concept schemes such as thesauri, classification schemes, subject heading lists, taxonomies, folksonomies, and other similar types of controlled vocabulary.
SmartLogic. Last checked 3/2/2012. Software products for taxonomy and ontology management, automatic classification and contextual navigation.
D. Soergel. "Proposal for an open, multifunctional, multilingual, system for integrated access to knowledge about concepts and terminology: Exploration and development of the concept." [PDF] 1996-11-14. Last checked 11/16/08. Vision for distributed persistent vocabulary resources that could support Internet-based applications.
R. Studer, "Generating and Querying Semantic metadata and Ontologies." Google Tech Talks. (June 21, 2007). Last checked 3/2/2012.
TopBraid Enterprise Vocabulary Net. Tools for managing business vocabularies using semantic information models. Last checked 6/10/14.
Yahoo! Content Analysis. Last checked 3/2/2012. Web service that detects entities/concepts, categories, and relationships within unstructured content. Supersedes Yahoo! Term Extraction Web Service.
Boundary objects and beyond: Working with Leigh Star. Edited by G.C. Bowker, S. Timmermans, A.E. Clarke, and E. Balka. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2015.
G.C. Bowker and S.L. Star. Sorting things out: classification and its consequences. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1999. Role of categories and standards in shaping the modern world.
R. Cover. "Resource description and classification." OASIS, last modified February 12, 2003. Last checked 04/02/12. Collection of references on matters of Subject Classification, Taxonomies, Ontologies, Indexing, Metadata, Metadata Registries, Controlled Vocabularies, Terminology, Thesauri, Business Semantics. Part of the XML Cover Pages.
T. Craven. "Thesaurus construction." London: University of Western Ontario, last updated January 25, 2008. Last checked 04/02/12. Introductory tutorial on thesaurus construction.
M. Denny. "Ontology Tools Survey, Revisited." XML.com (July 14, 2004) Last checked 04/02/12. Update of 2002 survey. Original survey can be found at www.xml.com/pub/a/2002/11/06/ontologies.html.
B. Doyle. "TaxoTips: Resources to help with your taxonomies and controlled vocabularies." Last checked 04/02/12. Provides current resources to support content taggers and tagging.
S. Dumais and H. Chen. "Hierarchical classification of web content." [PDF] Proceedings of SIGIR 2000, pp. 256-263.
"Information intelligence: Content classification and enterprise taxonomy practice." [PDF] Delphi Group. 2004. Last checked 04/02/12. This whitepaper defines taxonomy and classification within an enterprise information architecture, analyzes trends in taxonomy software applications, and provides examples of approaches to using this technology to solve business problems.
K. Fast, F. Leise, and M. Steckel. "What is a controlled vocabulary?" Boxes and Arrows (December 2002) Last checked 04/02/12. A useful summary that explains why a common language is important for effective information retrieval, and some of the ways these can be represented.
K. Fast, F. Leise, and M. Steckel. "Creating a controlled vocabulary." Boxes and Arrows (April 2003) Last checked 04/02/12. Using commerce website examples, discusses how to create a controlled vocabulary from an information architecture point of view.
H. Hedden. The Accidental taxonomist. 2d Edition. Medford, NJ: Information Today, 2016. See also Heather Hedden's The Accidental Taxonomist blog, where she writes about topics related to information management taxonomies. Last checked 11/09/2014.
P. Lambe. Organising knowledge: Taxonomies, knowledge and organisational effectiveness. Oxford: Chandos Publishing, 2007. Last checked 04/02/12. This book is a practical, up-to-date guide to business taxonomy from a practical knowledge management perspective. It includes clear definitions and many excellent case studies.
B. Lutes. "Web thesaurus compendium." Last modified June 1999. Last checked 04/02/12. Collection of thesauri and classifications on the Internet.
National Information Standards Organization. Guidelines for the construction, format and management of monolingual controlled vocabularies. [PDF] ANSI/NISO Z39.19-2005. Approved July 25, 2005. Last checked 10/02/17.
National Information Standards Organization. Issues in Vocabulary Management. [PDF] NISO TR-06-2017. Approved September 25, 2017. Last checked 10/02/17. A detailed and timely overview that discusses vocabulary use and reuse, documentation and preservation.
Networked Knowledge Organization Systems/Services (NKOS). Last checked 04/02/12. Set of pages devoted to discussion of functional and data model for enabling knowledge organization systems, such as classification systems, thesauri, gazetteers, and ontologies, to function as networked interactive information services.
"Next generation unstructured data management platform." Content Wire (Nov 29, 2002) Last checked 04/02/12.
L. Owens, "How to build a high-octane taxonomy for ECM and enterprise search systems", Forrester Research (November 2008). Nice overview of the business aspects of establishing a taxonomy in content management and/or search applications. Our founder, Joseph Busch, was interviewed by Ms. Owens during her preparation of this article.
W. Pohs. "Selecting a taxonomy management tool." SLA 2013. Last checked 12/17/2013.
W. Pohs. "Building a taxonomy for auto-classification." ASIST Bulletin (December 2012/January 2013). Last checked 12/17/2013.
L. Ramos. "Taxonomy, thesaurus, tagging: Balancing automation and editorial review." Giga Information Group, March 2002. Provides excellent definitions of these terms.
S.L. Roberts-Witt. "Practical taxonomies." Knowledge Management (January 1999) p. 46-54.
L. Spiteri. "A Simplified model for facet analysis." 23 Canadian Journal of Information and Library Science (April-July 1998) p. 1-30. Last checked 04/02/12. A simplified model for facet analysis that incorporates the principles proposed by Ranganathan and the Classification Research Group (CRG).
"Taxonomy & content classification: market milestone report." [PDF] Delphi Group. 2002. Last checked 04/02/12. This whitepaper written for Verity, the leading site search vendor, describes current state and trends of the taxonomy software market, how these technologies are applied to solving business problems, and reports findings of a market survey of over 450 organizations about taxonomy.
"Ten taxonomy myths." The Montague Group. (Nov. 2002) Last checked 04/02/12. This article does an excellent job of describing what a taxonomy is (and what it isn't).
A. Warner. "A taxonomy primer." Ann Arbor, Mich: Lexonomy, 2002. Last checked 04/02/12. Provides general advice about how controlled vocabularies fit into the information architecture of a web site.
L. Will. "Publications on thesaurus construction and use." Willpower Information. Last revised 8/8/08. Last checked 04/02/12. Bibliography of printed and electronic (Internet) publications on the construction and use of thesauri for information retrieval.
C. Wodtke. "Mind your phraseology!: using controlled vocabularies to improve findability." Digital Web Magazine(August 2002) Last checked 04/02/12.


I was their for a blow dry. She worked hard but unfortunately my hair didn't respond well. The curls were too loose n didn't last.....long before I went to the party.
Loveeeee Raquel always does exactly what i want . Thanks!
After 3 days my blowout still looks great . Excellent talent and very good product used.
My 15 yr old daughter loves to have Jessie cut and color her hair.
I always have a great time when I go to the Hair Cuttery.
Love Mary Ann's hair cut!
My stylist did exactly what I asked for. She took her time to listen to what I was going for and made a few suggestions.So very please with my hair cut and Racquel. Great Job!
Hair Cuttery is the largest family-owned and operated chain of hair salons in the country, with nearly 900 locations on the East Coast and in New England and the Midwest. A full-service salon for men, women and children, Hair Cuttery at 516 Milltown Rd in North Brunswick offers the latest trends in cut, color, blowout and styling, all at an amazing value. Hair Cuttery is a division of Ratner Companies, based in Vienna, VA. Come visit us at 516 Milltown Rd.


text:
Yari Kofi Kuranchi Dakinah (born 1 February 1980) is a Danish former professional footballer who played as a defender.

Club career
Born in Copenhagen, Dakinah played professionally in Denmark for FC Copenhagen, Herfølge BK and FC Nordsjælland and in England for Walsall, Kidderminster Harriers.

He signed for Walsall on a free transfer in July 2004, before being released in November 2004. At Walsall, Dakinah made two first-team appearances - one in the Football League and one in the League Cup. After leaving Walsall, Dakinah played for the reserve team of Kidderminster Harriers.

In 2006, Dakinah signed with Icelandic club Grindavík, which became his final professional club. Afterwards, he played lower league football in Denmark with Ølstykke, B.93 and Skjold Birkerød. In April 2020, he made his comeback as a player as a 40-year-old, after having left Skjold Birkerød in 2013.

International career
He earned ten caps for the Denmark U19 national team.

Personal life
Dakinah also holds South African nationality.

References

1980 births
Living people
Danish men's footballers
Danish expatriate men's footballers
Denmark youth international footballers
F.C. Copenhagen players
Walsall F.C. players
Kidderminster Harriers F.C. players
IF Skjold Birkerød players
English Football League players
Association football defenders
Danish Superliga players
Danish expatriate sportspeople in England
Expatriate footballers in England
Boldklubben af 1893 players
Fremad Valby players
Herfølge Boldklub players
FC Nordsjælland players
Grindavík men's football players
Ølstykke FC players
Expatriate footballers in Iceland
Danish expatriate sportspeople in Iceland
Úrvalsdeild karla (football) players
Danish 1st Division players
Danish 2nd Division players
Denmark Series players
Footballers from Copenhagen

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia