A guide to transport in Albania: Its not impossible but it is an experience!
When we made our plans to travel through the Balkans we had heard many tales about Albania, mostly how scary it was and how hard it was to travel around. That timetables don't exist and unless you have a car or are a local then you are basically screwed! We were a little nervous when it came to travel in Albania naturally given what we had heard and also a little worried that we would just have to skip through the capital and be on our way, missing out on really seeing it. But after 11 amazing days in which we fell in love with the country we are here to say: It is completely possible on public transport, just try not to worry about time so much!
Any research you do on transport it Albania will be pointless lets face it! A few people told me later on that they actually avoided Albania because they couldn't find any transport information or timetables online! Crazy! I mean, how did people go on backpacking before the internet!!! In many ways though this is what makes Albania so special, in most other countries it is a bit too easy and predictable getting around. You know in advance what time you will arrive and leave, where the buses go from and how long they take! Boring! In Albania you just have to go with the flow a little, let things just happen and leave a little bit more time to get anywhere…no matter how close you think it is!
There are several main methods of transport around Albania, probably even more than mentioned here if you fancy jumping in the back of a horse and cart. But these are the most common!
The furgon is pretty much unique to Albania, although there are several similar services ran in different countries like the Dolmus in Turkey and the mini buses in Moldova. Basically a furgon is an unlicensed mini bus that runs untimetabled routes from town to town, city to city. They usually don't do long distance though and it is more of a local service, calling at tiny villages and even just single houses on the way from place to place.
The furgon is an expereince in itself, it is filled with local people getting on what could often be the only service of the day or one of maybe 2 or 3. They pile in and bring all sorts with them, chickens, hay bales, farming equipment, we've seen it all. Then you also get these old women who get off in literally the middle of nowhere with nothing, almost inexplicable really!
The furgon takes a rough route that can change at any time, but if the driver knows where you are going you will eventually get there. Emphasis on eventually! He will often take random stops to run errands, drive into villages way off course to drop people off and even drop people off at their front door. There will be a constant sound track of Albanian music blasting out and in the summer heat it can be stifling! But, it is a proper authentic experience and you will meet some characters along the way for sure as well as seeing rural Albanian life up close!
Furgons can be flagged down from the side of the road and you can stop literally anywhere, just let the driver know either by shouting or asking him when you get on if you are unsure. It is best to ask locals where the furgon will pass and roughly what time to expect it. But don't make plans around it actually turning up at that time! You also pay when you get off and usually the price is really very cheap, but again, check before with a local so you have enough money!
As with anything in Albania these routes are not listed anywhere online, you will have to ask around. The best place is to go to one of the bus stations, usually a chaotic but some how organised affair, and someone will know. Albanians are the most helpful people ever and the guys in the bus station know everything there is to know about transport!
You might have thought that at least the city buses run on a time table…no, not even these do! They run whenever the bus gets full! So the best advice is to get on the one with the most people, even though often at home we would do the opposite!
Outside each bus there will often be a guy touting for business and trying to fill up the bus, they will continue to pack more and more people in before finally setting off. So sometimes you might be in for a wait. If you are getting the bus to catch a flight or so something very time specific then set off early or consider getting a taxi!
Many cities don't have a central bus station for the local city buses but they set off around the main squares and main streets. Again, this information will be nowhere online, so which ever city you are in then just ask and people will help.
For Tirana the buses go from mostly around the main square and outside the museum. In Berat it is outside of the main church and Mosque. In Shkoder it is around the main roundabout.
You don't need to buy a ticket before getting on the bus either. The guy touting for business will come round and sell tickets. They are usually at a set price regardless of how far you are going. Usually very very cheap, around about the 20 or 30 mark which is about 20p!
When travelling from major city to major city in Albania you can get on the large coaches. There are sometimes Furgons available for these same journeys for less money but a longer ride so you just have to turn up and ask!
Most of the main bus stations in Albania are a little way out of the city centre and are absolute chaos! Buses and coaches everywhere with people shouting different city names from everywhere! At first glance it can be quite overwhelming and off putting, but it really couldn't be easier!
The people here are really helpful and in our experience don't go to rip you off but to help you. If you just turn up and go to any guy shouting out and ask where the bus is to your destination they will either point you or take you. Sometimes cities have more than one bus station too so they might tell you to head over to that one.
If you have plans to travel to another city or country the best thing you can do is either turn up and be prepared to maybe have to wait a little while (usually not the case if you are travelling within Albania). Or go the day before and ask what time roughly the buses are leaving the day after.
Again, time tables here are not really used, the bus waits until it is full and sets off more at an estimated time than anything else. But the drivers will usually know the day before when roughly then plan to set off the next day! The folks at your hostel might also have some idea too or at least send you off to the right bus station!
As with all types of transport in Albania you get on the bus and pay there as most stations don't have an office or pretty much anything, they are often just a carpark with buses flying around you! A guy will come around and sell you tickets once you are on board. Again, we had no issue with being charged anything other than what we expected.
Even the long distance coaches can be flagged down to at the side of the road and also you can ask the driver to drop you literally anywhere along the route. So if you are heading to a town nearby to a major city it might be easier to mention it to your driver instead of getting more transport back. Sometimes they will even take a detour to drop you off!
Hitchhiking in Albania is a legitimate way of getting around! I mean, you see old women doing it all time,it really is the norm and quite easy to do!
I was a little reluctant to give it a go at first even though I had always wanted to. I wasn't sure Albania was the place to try it but it is strange how perception changes once you visit somewhere. The name Albania before felt scary and aggressive, now when I say it I am filled with the images of friendliness and beauty!
There is no science to hitchhiking, it is just a game of chance. But make sure you position yourself in a safe place where you are not in a blind spot or on a corner and also where you can back off the road or get back to somewhere crowded if needs be. But also consider how visible you are too so you give your potential lift a chance to see you and way you up. Also get on the right road for your destination, its no good standing at the opposite end of town to where you want to get to! Maybe even walk passed the cross roads to where it point to your destination.
Also often when hitchhiking you will have to do a journey in several cars instead of just one, so knowing what towns are in the direction you want to head in can be helpful. Also leave yourself enough time and set off early as it can sometimes take a while to get a ride.
When you are in the car try to get to know the kind folks to picked you up. Not everyone in Albania speaks good English but they will give it a good go! Also, above all else make sure to listen to your instincts and if a lift doesn't feel right then just let them go!
I often don't advocate using taxis, especially when you are travelling! But the transport in Albania is unreliable at best and if you are on a timescale then they are the best option!
A word of advice though. If you plan on getting a taxi then ask your hostel or hotel how much it should cost first and agree that price with the taxi or get them to ring it for you and agree the price. Taxis in Albania are cheap though and certainly a better option than missing your flight!
Be flexible and don't plan too much ahead. Getting around Albania on public transport is easily doable and we managed to get to some amazing places all over the country that way. But you do have to be patient, open minded and not too fussed about time. If you approach it in a relaxed and fun way then you will have a great time on the unique and chaotic Albanian transport system!! Good luck!
Have you every travelled through Albania on public transport?
If you want some more exciting transport in Albania, what about the amazing 3 hour ferry ride we took through a lake surrounded by mountains?
Bookmark this article A guide to transport in Albania: Its not impossible but it is an experience!
Berat: The charming UNESCO Ottoman town that sealed our love affair with Albania!


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Proof That Qualia are Signaling Patterns
Qualia are signaling patterns
This section proof what qualia are ontologically and physically. Although this problem has been a mystery for centuries, the answer is fairly straightforward. The nature of qualia can be deduced directly from their physical properties as follows:
a) Because qualia such as visual qualia and auditory qualia of the active surroundings can appear and disappear suddenly and change their content rapidly and continuously and because there are no brain materials that can do this, qualia must be non-material and very dynamic;
b) Because qualia such as visual qualia of a crowded, big city and sound qualia of a symphony orchestra are full of information, qualia must be information-intensive;
c) Because qualia always co-exist, co-vary, and co-function with functioning neural circuits (e.g. visual qualia always co-exist, co-vary, and co-function with functioning visual perception neural circuits and auditory qualia always co-exist, co-vary, and co-function with functioning auditory perception neural circuits), qualia must be something that is closely associated with functioning neural circuits; and
d) Because qualia's information are transmittable between neural circuits (e.g., information of visual qualia can be transmitted from the visual perception neural circuits to the consciousness neural circuit and to the memory, emotion, thinking, speaking, and writing neural circuits with the consequences that we can be consciously aware of and experience visual qualia and can remember/recall, have emotion about, think about, speak about, and write about the visual qualia), qualia must be information-wise transmittable between neural circuits.
In summary, qualia must be phenomena that are non-material, very dynamic, information-intensive, closely associated with functioning neural circuits, and transmittable information-wise between neural circuits.
Now, in the brain, where uncountable neural circuits reside, there are several non-material phenomena occurring, such as the information signaling among neural circuits and the non-material value-changing of the metabolic activities, blood circulation activities, mass, energy, entropy, and other physical indices of the neural circuits. But the only non-material phenomena that have all of the above properties discussed, especially the properties of being extremely dynamic, information-intensive, and transmittable (information-wise) between neural processes, are the information signaling of neural circuits. So, qualia must be or be part of the information signaling of neural circuits.
Next, the information signaling of a neural circuit consists of information signaling of the whole neural circuit, from the dendrites to the neural cell bodies then through their axons to the synaptic junctions, but the part that transmits information between neural circuits is the signaling pattern of the signaling at the synaptic junctions. Thus, of the whole information signaling, the signaling pattern of the information signaling at the synaptic junctions must be the quale – that is, a quale must be the signaling pattern of the information signaling at the synaptic junction. For example, when the consciousness neural circuit reads the signaling pattern that is transmitted from the visual quale-bearing neural circuit (physiologically, this is the final-stage visual perception neural circuit) at their synaptic junctions, not from other parts of the signaling, awareness and experience of the visual quale occur.
How can signaling patterns be qualia
But how can signaling patterns be qualia – how can patterns of electrical activities, occurring here and there and now and then in the physical mass of neural circuits, be the visual and other qualia, which appear with phenomenal appearances in our mind – why are they not just blips of signals here and there without any phenomenal appearances occurring? How can physical processes like information signaling have phenomenal appearances? Is this identity – that signaling patterns are qualia –explicable and predictable by current physical rules?
The answer is yes.
Look at the signaling between neural circuits in the picture below.
Figure: The neural signaling (red arrows) in the view of an outsider (O)
From the point of view of an outsider who looks at the brain or the third person's point of view (O), what appears to occur is that innumerable electrical signals (red arrows) are sent from neurons in one circuit (A) to neurons in another circuit (B) incessantly, and EPSPs or IPSPs occur at the synaptic junctions here and there at B almost continuously. In this view, those electrical signals and their signaling pattern do not appear to be or be able to be phenomena with phenomenal manifestations (i.e., those visual, auditory, emotion, thought, and other qualia that occur phenomenally in our mind); they are just phenomenality-less, physical, electrical signals and pattern. But for the signaling to appear as in this view, the observer must observe (by using instruments, in general cases) it from the outside of the signaling circuits. And it is very important to note that, in this view, the information that is in the signaling is not read, it is only looked at! We will see that this is different from the following case and that the difference is most crucial.
Now, from the point of view of neural circuit B (which is receiving the signals) or the first person's point of view, how the signaling appears to it is different because its point of view and its way of observing the signaling are different from those of an outside observer (O):
1) from its position, neural circuit B itself cannot observe the signaling from the outside of the signaling circuit because it is part of the whole signaling circuit of the two circuits (A & B),
2) how the signaling appears to neural circuit B or how neural circuit B reads the signaling depends, instead, solely on how the signaling interacts with it because any neural circuit reads a signaling by interacting with it (in the same way that how the eyes see things or how the light waves reflected from those things appear to the eyes depends on how the light waves interact with the eyes' retinae). For example, if the signaling does not interact with the neural circuit and thus does not affect the neural circuit, it will appear as nothing to the neural circuit (in the same way that sounds do not optically interact with the retinae and thus appear as nothing to the retinae); but if the signaling interacts with the neural circuit by transmitting some information to the neural circuit, it will inevitably appear to the receiving neural circuit as something that is composed of that information (in the same way that the reflected light from a rose and thus having information of the rose interact with and transmit this information to the retinae will appear to the retinae as the rose, not something else).
Consequently, if the signaling has information of something that is consciously experienceable and if the receiving neural circuit is the consciousness neural circuit (which can interpret this kind of information), the signaling will naturally and inevitably appear to the receiving consciousness neural circuit as something that is consciously experienceable, that is, the signaling will and must appear as a quale* in the view of the consciousness neural circuit, and the consciousness neural circuit, by its inherent ability, will form conscious awareness and a conscious experience of the quale.
(*a quale, as discussed before, is something that is consciously experienceable)
We can know whether the signaling indeed appears to the consciousness neural circuit as a quale by checking the consciousness neural circuit's reports (of how the signaling appears to it) that are sent to other neural circuits. Some of these neural circuits can reveal those reports to the outside world by verbal, written, or other types of language. Because these neural circuits function to report to each other and to the outside world factually, if they reveal that the consciousness neural circuit reports to them that the signaling appears as a quale, the signaling must indeed appear as a quale to the consciousness neural circuit.
And such is the case in everyday life. For example, in the case of looking at the red color, we can know how the neural signaling of the red color appears to the consciousness neural circuit by asking the person who looks at the red color. Because, for a visually healthy, co-operative person, he/she reports (by verbal, written, or other types of language) that he/she sees and experiences what the red color is like in his/her mind, it means that those neural circuits that report this event (by speaking, writing, or other signaling) have received reports from the consciousness neural circuit that the neural signaling of the red color appears as the red color quale to it. Therefore, in the brain, the physical, phenomenality-less (when looked from the outside) neural signaling of the red color must appear as the phenomenal red color quale to the consciousness neural circuit that is reading (not looking at) the signaling – a physical, phenomenality-less (when looked from the outside) neural signaling can appear to a reading physical neural circuit as a phenomenal quale, indeed.
Summarily, the receiving neural circuit does not "look at" at the signaling from outside of the signaling circuits; it interacts with and thus "reads" the signaling from inside of the circuits! If the signaling has the information of qualia and the receiving neural circuit is the consciousness neural circuit, it naturally and inevitably appears to the consciousness neural circuit as a quale because the consciousness neural circuit has the ability to interpret this information as a quale and form conscious awareness and experience of the quale. There is no justification or any theoretical basis to expect something with information of a quale not to appear as a quale or to appear as something else altogether to the consciousness neural circuit.
An approximate analogy is the working of a cathode-ray tube in the picture below.
Figure. The electron rays in the cathode-ray tube appear to O and R differently.
The rays of electrons representing a beautiful flower bouquet streaming out of the emitter do not seem to be any colorful flower (or any picture at all) to an outsider observing the streams from the outside (O) – to him/her, they are just millions of electrons rushing from the emitter to the screen, and the pattern of signaling does not seem to be anything close to an image of a flower bouquet, either. But from the point of view of the receiver of the electron rays (R), if he/she uses the correct kind of screen that can correctly interact with the electron rays and thus can correctly interpret (decode) the information residing in them, the image of the beautiful flowers sent in the electron rays will appear on the receiving screen!
At this point, it is essential to emphasize that, for the correct image sent in the signaling to occur, the screen must be the specific screen that can correctly interact and thus can decode the signaling correctly; otherwise, the signaling will appear as something else, something gibberish, or even nothing on the screen. It is not that any screen that can receive the electron beam will do.
Figure. O sees streams of electrical signals, but B sees a rose quale.
This is the same in the case of signaling in the brain. The practical difference between the cathode ray tube case and the brain case is that, in the former case, the outside observer (O) can move to the receiver of the electron beam (R) position, becoming the receiver of the signals, and see for his/her own eyes what appears on the receiving screen, but unfortunately, one cannot do this in the latter case. In the latter or brain case, we cannot move to the first-person point of view (the neural circuit's point of or B in Figure 6.3) and directly receive the signals of those millions of neurons, nor do we know how to decode those signals correctly even if we could do so. Thus, we cannot directly verify with our own eyes or instruments that the signaling indeed appear as a quale. Yet, as discussed above, we can verify this by checking other neural circuits that have the report from the receiving consciousness neural circuit.
In conclusion, it is simply that the signaling, when viewed from the third person's point of view, appears to be just a complex composition of physical, phenomenality-less electrical signals, but this signaling, if it has the information of a quale, will appear to be the phenomenal quale when viewed (read) from the first person's point of view by the consciousness neural circuit. This is because the quale information, which is in the form of signaling pattern of the signaling, cannot display itself when viewed (looked at) from the outside but will do so when viewed (read) from the receiving consciousness neural circuit's point of view.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Godolphin is a satirical 19th-century British romance novel about the life of an idealistic man, Percy Godolphin, and his eventual lover, Constance Vernon. Written as a frame narrative, Godolphin provides a satirical insight into the day-to-day lives of the early 19th-century British elite. The story is told through the narration of two protagonists, Percy Godolphin and Constance Vernon, as they rise to prominence among the London elite.
Godolphin was published two years after The Reform Bill passed which put an end to the exclusive high class in England. Bulwer-Lytton, being a politician, was a member of this British elite. Literary scholar William Cragg reveals that the original novel published in 1833 was replaced in 1840 with a revised copy. Bulwer-Lytton received very harsh criticisms upon the novel's original release due to its extremely harsh criticism of specific rival politicians and its appearance as a celebration of the Reform Bill Edition by Lord Lytton.
The book slightly loose spine but still firm to hold. No Dust Jacket or Outer Cover, but no serious marks or blemishes. All pages in good order with no marks or foxing, aside from 168-169.


text:
Q: Surprising limit (probability of no two coinciding pairs) I stumbled upon this question by random chance. The motivation is kind of long, the question is pretty short; if you're just here for the limits, feel free to skip to the break.
I'm taking five courses this semester, all of which meet on two days, and I happened to notice that all of my days seemed a little bit different. So I took a closer look at my schedule, and sure enough, none of my classes share the same two days.
This struck me as very unlikely, so I decided to work out the probability of this occurring. Of course, in reality, there are all sorts of complicating factors that make certain distributions more favorable than others, but I decided to ignore that and just assume that the schedules were independent identically distributed variables.
It was sort of convenient that there are also five days in a week, so the motivating question was this: In an $n$ day week, what is the probability that $n$ classes meeting twice each, do not have any pair that meets on the same two days?
So I looked at the combinatorics, and I'm pretty sure the answer is the obnoxiously vertical formula
$$\frac{ \displaystyle  { {n \choose 2} \choose n} n!}{ {n \choose 2}^n}$$
The idea here is that there are ${n \choose 2}$ possible schedules, so the list of all possible outcomes includes $n$ choices with repetition from this pool, considering the classes distinguishable. The list of desired outcomes chooses $n$ choices without repetition from this pool, and then assigns the schedules to the classes.
[ Perhaps this is not right; if not I'd be interested in that, too, but my question for you all is really about this expression, not my class situation :) ]
Now I knew by working out by hand that $n=3$ gives about 22% and $n=4$ gives about 28%, and I computed my actual situation at about 30%. Monotone increasing is what I expected. After all, you have dramatically more ability to separate the classes during longer weeks.
I also expected that this effect would quickly dominate the complication that more classes are being added in. But the picture that arises for (larger) small $n$ made it pretty clear that I was wrong.

When I was playing around in WolframAlpha, I found the limit
$$\lim_{n\to\infty}\frac{ \displaystyle  { {n \choose 2} \choose n} n!}{ {n \choose 2}^n} = \frac{1}{e}$$
That caught me off guard. I immediately thought of Stirling's approximation, but I can't make it fit, since in Stirling $e$ is raised to the $n^\text{th}$. Admittedly I don't know a lot of special limits, but writing it out in terms of factorials seems to get nowhere near the definition of $e$.
Is there an elementary explanation for this limit?
Bonus question: "choose $2$" seems to be a pretty special circumstance: if the twos are replaced by ones, the limit becomes $0$, and if the twos are replaced by threes or fours, the limit becomes $1$. My guess is that with the right explanation of the interesting case, the reason for these will become pretty obvious.

A: The situation is the generalised Brithday problem. You have $m$ possible choices (schedules in your setup), and pick $n$ items with possible repetitions. What is the probability that you never pick the same item twice?
The probability is, for independent choices,
$$\frac{\binom{m}{n}n!}{m^n} = \frac{m!}{m^n(m-n)!} = \prod_{k=0}^{n-1}\frac{m-k}{m} = \prod_{k=1}^{n-1}\left(1 - \frac{k}{m}\right).$$
When $k \ll m$, we can approximate that well using the first order approximation of $\log (1-x)$,
$$\begin{align}
\prod_{k=1}^{n-1} \left(1 - \frac{k}{m}\right) &= \exp \left(\sum_{k=1}^{n-1}\log \left(1-\frac{k}{m}\right) \right)\\
&\approx \exp \left(-\sum_{k=1}^{n-1}\frac{k}{m} \right)\\
&= \exp \left(-\frac{n(n-1)}{2m} \right).
\end{align}$$
In your case, you have $m = \binom{n}{2}$ schedules, so the argument of the exponential function comes out to be exactly $-1$.
We can - still for $n \ll m$ - use more terms of the expansion of the logarithms to get a more precise approximation,
$$\log \left(1 - \frac{k}{m}\right) = - \sum_{j=1}^\infty \frac{1}{j}\left(\frac{k}{m}\right)^j = - \left(\frac{k}{m} + \frac{k^2}{2m^2}\right) + O\left(\frac{k^3}{m^3}\right).$$
That yields
$$\prod_{k=1}^{n-1}\left(1-\frac{k}{m}\right) = \exp\left(- \frac{n(n-1)}{2m} - \frac{(n-1)n(2n-1)}{12m^2} + O\left(\frac{n^4}{m^3}\right)\right)$$
and inserting $m = \binom{n}{2} = \frac{n(n-1)}{2}$
$$\begin{align}
\prod_{k=1}^{n-1}\left(1-\frac{k}{m}\right) &= \exp\left(-1 -\frac{2n-1}{2n(n-1)} + O(n^{-2})\right)\\
&= \frac1e\exp\left(-\frac{1}{n} + O(n^{-2})\right)\\
&= \frac1e\frac{n-1}{n} + O(n^{-2}).
\end{align}$$

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


A very useful plastic cap spanner for removing lids from King Kegs - they can get surprisingly tight so this little tool can really help.
A very handy device for tightening up and slackening off your 4" vent cap from your king keg. Gone are the days of squeezing the keg between your legs and using all your might to try and unscrew a cap that's been well on for 6 months.
These spanners really make it much easier to remove the lids, some prefer to get 2 of these spanners and tape them together to make one really strong spanner for extra purchase!
Brewers lube is a professional standard lubricating grease for the food and drink industry. FDA compliant and non toxic, you can be sure this lubrication is safe for all your brewing needs.
Supplied in a resealable aluminium tin with screw on lid for easy storage.
Great for pressure barrels, barrel washers, keg O-rings and much more.
The King Keg Bottom Tap Barrel is built to high standards from prime grade, abrasion resistant material.
The bottom tap design is suitable for the home brewer prepared to wait until the beer has cleared and is in top condition.
The barrel is supplied complete with a suitable tap, the style of tap may vary depending on current stock from the suppliers.
The barrel features a wide neck for easy cleaning and stands 45cm high.
Showing 2 of our total 12 reviews, with an average rating of 4 stars. Read all 12 reviews for King Keg Barrel - Bottom Tap.
Excellent, but took a few tries to get a good seal, probably experience in using will alleviate that. Otherwise a lot easier than cleaning and sterilizing 40 bottles.


text:
Midem African Forum & Tour
by PublishAfrica | May 5, 2019 | News, Team
CEO David Alexander Meets Sonacam (Cameroon) Collecting Management Organization during Midem African Forum in Douala. The Midem Africa forum was an eye opener to the music stakeholders who attended, a lot of emphases was focussed on the Cameroon music...
Sheer Publishing is attending MIDEM 2018!
by PublishAfrica | May 30, 2018 | News
Since 1967 the MIDEM trade show has been organised annually in and around the Palais des Festivals et des Congrès in Cannes, France. MIDEM is billed as the leading international business event for the music ecosystem, whereby several thousand musicians, producers,...
Africa: The next global music opportunity
by PublishAfrica | Aug 15, 2017 | News
For understandable, but not necessarily justifiable reasons, Sub-Saharan Africa has been the scourge of the international recorded music industry for decades. Africa is a vast continent that has delivered comparatively little financially in return for...
MIDEM 2017 Review – Where International Business Happened
by PublishAfrica | Jul 12, 2017 | Composers, News
One of the strengths of Midem is the event's international nature: of course there are plenty of attendees from the biggest western music markets, but in Cannes they can meet and learn from their peers in Africa, Latin America and Asia, where there are vibrant...
MIDEM: South Africa's Sheer Publishing expands into Ghana, Kenya
by PublishAfrica | Feb 1, 2012 | News
South Africa-based independent publishing house Sheer Publishing is expanding north – launching the first two of a planned roll-out of offices across Africa. The 17-year-old company has helped a network of independent sub-publishers. Achievements include giving South...


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PHOTOS Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle booms at one-year anniversary
Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle booms at one-year anniversary
A bird's-eye view of the Chongqing city on May 6, 2020. (Photo: Xinhua) The Chengdu-Chongqing regional economic zone whose construction began in January 2020 recorded major breakthroughs in mechanism innovation, infrastructure construction connection, and cooperation in economy and people's livelihood during the past year, said a Xinhua report. The dual city economic circle, as the fourth pillar region following the Yangtze River Delta region, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, will accelerate its high-quality development in the coming year.
This photo taken by drone shows the Guoyuan harbor in Chongqing, on June 9, 2020. (Photo: Xinhua)
A view of Chongqing city on May 10, 2020. (Photo: Xinhua)
A bird's-eye view of the Chengdu Tianfu International Airport on Dec 19, 2020. (Photo: Xinhua)
A light show lights up Chengdu, Sichuan province, on Dec 31, 2020. (Photo: Xinhua)
The Chengdu-Ziyang-Chongqing expressway, the fourth expressway of the Chengdu-Chongqing city cluster, starts operation on Dec 31, 2020. Photo taken on Dec 30. (Photo: Xinhua)
A man tries a concept car at an exhibition hall located in the Sichuan-Chongqing Gaozhu New Economic Zone on Dec 16, 2020. (Photo: Xinhua)
A China-Europe freight train departs from Chongqing on Jan 1, 2021. (Photo: Xinhua)
Black-necked cranes rest at reservoir in Lhunzhub County, Lhasa
Black-necked cranes rest at a reservoir in Lhunzhub County, Lhasa, southwest China's Tibet Autonomous Region, Jan. Black-necked cranes are often seen foraging and resting in the river valleys of Lhunzhub in winter. (Xinhua/Zhang Rufeng) .
Hong Kong reports 53 new COVID-19 cases, exceeding 9,000 in total
People wearing face masks are seen in the the Central district of Hong Kong, south China, Jan. 4 (Xinhua) -- Hong Kong's Center for Health Protection (CHP) reported 53 additional confirmed cases of COVID-19 on Monday, taking its total tally to 9,017. The new cases included 43 local infections and 10
Rare flying Changjiang cowfish make a comeback
Yichang, central China's Hubei Province, has implemented various measures to improve the water in the Yangtze River in recent years, such as relocating chemical manufacturers away from the river and introducing a new mobile phone app to help manage pollutants from ships. (Photos: People's Daily online, compiled by Qiu Qingyi)With the improvement of water quality in Yichang, the protected Changjiang cowfish, dubbed the giant panda of the water, has increased in population every year.These Changjiang cowfish, which frequently leap out of the water, were photographed on the Miaozui River downstream from the Gezhouba Dam in Yichang city.These Changjiang cowfish, which frequently leap out of the water, were photographed on the Miaozui River downstream from the Gezhouba Dam in Yichang city.These Changjiang cowfish, which frequently leap out of the water, were photographed on the Miaozui River downstream from the Gezhouba Dam in Yichang city.These Changjiang cowfish, which frequently leap out of the water, were photographed on the Miaozui River downstream from the Gezhouba Dam in Yichang city.
16 areas identified as medium-risk zones for COVID-19 in Shenyang, NE China
A staff member of epidemic prevention and control stands guard at the entrance of a residential compound in Huanggu District, Shenyang of northeast China's Liaoning Province, Jan. A total of 16 areas have been identified as medium-risk zones for COVID-19 in Shenyang, with prevention and control meas


The gang's all here! Meghan Markle's former Suits costars arrived together at Windsor Castle in England for her wedding to Prince Harry on Saturday, May 19.
Patrick J. Adams, who played Markle's onscreen love Mike Ross, was accompanied by his wife, Troian Bellisario. Gabriel Macht (Harvey Specter) and his wife, Jacinda Barrett (who guest-starred as Zoey Lawford in 2012 and 2013), also traveled overseas to support the bride, as did Sarah Rafferty (Donna Paulsen) and her husband, Santtu Seppälä.
Markle, 36, starred on the USA legal drama from 2011 to 2017. She made her final appearance in the season 7 finale, in which Rachel married Mike. After Markle began dating Harry, 33, in the summer of 2016, she began receiving special attention on set for the sake of her security.
Indeed. Harry and Markle are set to walk down the aisle at St George's Chapel at Windsor Castle at noon local time on Saturday in front of approximately 600 guests. In addition to her Suits castmates, the former actress' close friends Priyanka Chopra and Serena Williams, among others, are in attendance.


Our wealth of experience with tax laws will help you take advantage of all the legal deductions and credits that are available to you. The breadth of our expertise spread across the areas of property rental, professional services and retail sales. By working with us, you can rest assured that you are receiving the advice of a staff dedicated to helping you reach the best bottom line possible.
In addition to our tax planning advice, we also provide a representative for you before the Tax Authority. We assist with partnership, corporate, or estate tax preparation and manage your receipts for tax-free donations for nonprofit organizations.


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Explore Summit
Housing Series
Latest Music videos News
Young Indiana musician's song spotlights suicide prevention
JEFFERSONVILLE, Ind. (AP) — For local musician Jackson Snelling, songwriting has been an outlet for addressing difficult topics and losses he has faced in his own life. With a new song and music video, he hopes to help others by bringing awareness to an important issue. Jackson, 17, recently released a...
Eminem drops surprise album, advocates changes to gun laws
Jan. 17, 2020 4:29 AM EST
Rapper Eminem once again dropped a surprise album, releasing "Music to Be Murdered By" on Friday — along with a video that calls for changes to gun laws. The follow-up to 2018's "Kamikaze" — also released without warning — was announced on Twitter just after...
'Pose' cast, Niecy Nash, Matsoukas to be honored by Essence
Jan. 9, 2020 11:43 AM EST
NEW YORK (AP) — Emmy winner Niecy Nash, the groundbreaking cast of the hit TV series "Pose," Grammy-winning music video director Melina Matsoukas and "Captain Marvel" actress Lashana Lynch will be honored at the 2020 Black Women in Hollywood Awards. Essence Communications, the...
Houston rapper injured in drive-by shooting
HOUSTON (AP) — A Houston rapper is recovering after being shot in a drive-by shooting that killed two other people during the filming of a music video. Twenty-year-old rapper Cashout Ace, born Miguel Guajardo, was among nine people shot, the Houston Chronicle reports. Two people were killed and at least...
Texas sheriff: 2 dead, seven shot in music video 'ambush'
HOUSTON (AP) — Two men were killed and seven others were wounded by gunfire when a group filming a rap music video was "ambushed" near Houston, Harris County Sheriff Ed Gonzalez said. The Harris County sheriff's office said Saturday morning that 20-year-old Gonzalo Gonzalez and 22-year-old...
Q&A: YBN Cordae talks sharing raw emotions after Grammy noms
BEVERLY HILLS, Calif. (AP) — When YBN Cordae posted a video of himself shedding tears in reaction to receiving two Grammy nominations, the rapper initially regretted sharing his raw emotions to millions on social media. But Cordae ultimately decided against removing the post, because being...
Lizzo's video at Southern made students feel 'Good as Hell'
BATON ROUGE, La. (AP) — As she juggled classes, dance rehearsals, a part-time job and preparations for Southern University's homecoming week, Gaybrielle Dixon squeezed in the time this fall to audition for a music video on campus. She stood barefoot in a ballroom as the infectious voice of Lizzo...
Roc Nation adds reggae star Buju Banton to its roster
NEW YORK (AP) — Jay-Z's Roc Nation company has added reggae star Buju Banton to its jam-packed roster. On Friday Roc Nation announced the partnership with the reggae and dancehall king, whose comeback concert held earlier this year in his native Jamaica was one of the country's largest shows....


text:
Goodies To Go! Newsletter #370
By Vince Barnes
Goodies to Go (tm)
January 3, 2006 -- Newsletter # 370
This newsletter is part of the internet.com network.
http://www.internet.com
Featured this week:
* Goodies Thoughts - A Tree-less Challenge
* Q & A Goodies
* News Goodies
* Feedback Goodies
* Windows Tech Goodie of the Week
* And Remember This...
A Tree-less Challenge
Picking up the mail every day just isn't what it used to be. Not that that is necessarily a bad thing; there may be good and bad aspects to it; but it's just not as much fun as it once was. For instance, seldom do we see letters from relatives and friends. We might see the occasional card to mark some special event, but a plain old letter has become rare indeed. The telephone slowed the flow, but email and IMs have brought it to a screeching halt (almost!) The mailbox still gets filled, however, because there's junk mail and bills to take up the slack. It's interesting to note, while the subject passes by, that junk email has not replaced junk mail in the same way that email replaces letters; it has merely added to the deluge.
Then there are those bills. When all you have to look forward to is unwanted advertising and (unwanted <g>) bills, it's not surprising that the joy has gone from the prospect of picking up the mail. But our friendly Internet is here to help us out again!
"Paperless" is the buzz-word of the day. In the situation I'm taking a look at today, it refers to the idea of getting rid of paper billing, especially around the house. The first to offer me the option to go paperless was my cellular phone company. I should say that they were they first ones who really caught my attention - there may have been other offers earlier. Here's how it works:
First they have me go on-line and sign up for paperless billing. In the process I create a userid and password. When they prepare my bill, they put an image of it in PDF format into a database and link it to my userid. They then send me an email to tell me the bill is ready. When I log on to their paperless billing site, I am presented with a list of recent bills with the new one on the top, and the details of the current amount owed showing next to the list. I can take a look at the invoice and if everything is ok I click the "pay now" button and pay through their secure site. Nice, clean, simple!
I greatly prefer this method over the old direct debit solution whereby the vendor simply takes the money out of my account when it's due. The trouble I see with direct debit is that if, for example, the meter reader keys in 597994 instead of 579994 I wind up with a bill for $6,500.00 for one month's water. Now, not only do I go without food for a while, but I'm paying interest on my overdraft protection! I'd much rather see the bill and argue about it before any money leaves my account than after it has already left! It has to be said though, that many of the "direct debit" method companies will now send out an email invoice fifteen to twenty days before they debit one's account, providing an opportunity to check the bill and call them with any issues prior to them extracting all your cash. I do think this is better!
I like the paperless solution I outlined above a lot and I now have all my phone, utility, cable, water and other routine household bills on the same type of program. I was chatting with my neighbor, who is also paper bill-less, and he was telling me that his lawn maintenance guy (I like to do my own lawn work) does his billing the same way.
Now there's a challenge for my GTG readers, I said to myself! It seems to me that a simple web/email billing solution would not be too hard to develop. A solution based on HTML, PHP and MySQL would be economical (as far as server requirements are concerned) and relatively simple to do. I'm not concerned with payables tracking or the like, just the solution I outlined above.
I would like to develop the solution with the help of a small group of GTG readers and publish the whole thing on the HTML Goodies site, in our new "Webmaster Projects" section. If you have some of the skills I have mentioned and you are game for being involved drop me an email to the feedback address -- please put "A Tree-Less Challenge" in the subject line. I would like a team of about five people to participate. Everything must be developed from scratch and will be made available to our readers of the site, so we can not use any copyrighted code or materials. All participants will receive proper credit for their work. The keywords for this little project are "simple" and "basic"! So do you want to show off your mettle to your peers?
Right now I have to run outside and clear today's junk out of my mailbox. Then again, maybe there's a letter from one of my friends.... maybe....
- Vince Barnes
Q & A Goodies
Questions are taken from submissions to our Community
Mentors. You can ask a Mentor a question by going to
http://www.htmlgoodies.com/mentors/
Q. My website is done in tables, and I have one Cell on the top, three Cells in the middle and one cell on the bottom. I want to make it so the in the middle 3 cells, all the text is forced to the top. I tried td align=top but that didn't work.
A. Change the align to valign and code it like so: td valign="top"
Q. How do I detect a flash plug-in and redirect the browser to a new URL?
A. Flash kit had a couple ways. I don't know which you need, so here is the search results page: http://www.flashkit.com/search.php?term=detect+plug+in&cat=tutorials&version=--&per=10&field=Description&orderby=Rating&andor=or&page=1&submit=Submit
Q. I am constantly creating files (pdf or word) files that I need to show to many co-workers. Instead of having to email everyone every time I finish a file, I would like to upload the file to my server and have them view the list of files online and download the ones they want. These files need to be password protected as different people in different departments should only see files pertaining to them. Here was my idea, create a bunch of password protected folders on a server - one for each department, and I will upload the file to any folder that should be allowed to view these files. Two questions: 1) I put the files in a folder, but when I try to view the folder in a browser it tells me I don't have permission to access this folder (I assume because I never created an index file). How can I set it up that I should be able to view a list of files that are in the folder? 2) how can I create a page that will allow me to upload files to folders using a browser?
A. I believe you are correct in that you do not have an INDEX file for the server to show when you try to access the folder. You could create an INDEX file with the links to the documents for downloading. I am assuming that you have already password protected the folder? An even easier way would be to use a password log in feature for your pages. The application would allow users to sign up themselves and you would control which group the user should be in and only the documents or files you allow each group or person to view. There is a nice web application called ASPLogin. It has to run on a server that supports ASP. For example, to make a document available to all users in a group called 'management', members of a group called 'administrators' and a user called 'fred' (who may or may not be in either of the groups), you would add the following code to the top of the document:
<%@ LANGUAGE=VBScript %>
Set asplObj=Server.CreateObject("ASPL.Login")
asplObj.Group("management")
asplObj.Group("administrators")
asplObj.User("Fred")
asplObj.Protect
Set asplObj=Nothing
Any other group or person trying to see that document will not be allowed to see it. It is a pretty slick application You can take a look here: http://www.asplogin.com
To create a page to allow you to upload documents would call for some scripting. This all depends on what type of server you site is hosted on. If it is a Windows server then it will support Active Server Pages (ASP).
Q. I saw on a website once where there were dainty little buttons that did the equivalent of a browser's back, refresh, and forward buttons. I found the javascript code for that on Html Goodies, but is there no way to apply this event to a hotspot on an image? With the script on the website, I'm under the impression it is written to create a standard form button with the back (etc.) abilities. I have an image on which I want to select a hotspot which will act as a back (etc.) button. Help?
A. What you are looking for is called an image map. Here is a link to a tutorial on the HTMLGoodies web site: http://htmlgoodies.earthweb.com/tutors/im.html
It is best to have a tool to assist you in defining the hotspots of an image so check your Dreamweaver documentation for references to image maps. If you find this to be lacking, there is an excellent piece of shareware called MapEdit available from boutell.com at: http://www.boutell.com/mapedit
At $10 it's a bargain.
Q. Is there something you could use so that when the mouse moves over a link it would look like a regular text, meaning that the mouse-pointer would turn into an I shape instead of a hand?
A. This tutorial will explain it: http://www.htmlgoodies.com/beyond/css_cursors.html
Something to be aware of is the effect can vary between browsers. Test it at least in the recent IE and Netscape to make sure nothing is screwed up.
Discussion Goodies
Have you seen the discussion forums on the HTML Goodies website? It's a great place to get help from others who, just like you, are developing web pages. Many different topics appear in the forum, and a new one will appear if you create it! Here's a sample of recent topics:
php emailer:
http://www.webdeveloper.com/forum/showthread.php?threadid=90001
PDF Export:
Three Tries - Password protect not working:
Adding internal style:
Automated keyword display for better SE ranking:
News Goodies
New Year, New Linux Kernel
[January 3, 2006] IPv6 gets a boost in first new kernel of the year.
Read the article:
http://www.internetnews.com/dev-news/article.php/3574676
Security Tips From 'Anatomy of a Hack'
[January 3, 2006] Security company details risks mobile workers face from wireless intrusions.
http://www.internetnews.com/security/article.php/3574521
Thomson to Buy Financial Integration Firm
[January 3, 2006] Thomson aims to improve its core integration software for financial services firms.
http://www.internetnews.com/bus-news/article.php/3574606
Microsoft Readies WMF Patch
[January 3, 2006] Zero-day Windows Metafile exploit to be patched in the first update of the year.
RIM Gets More Time in Patent Dispute
[January 3, 2006] Patent Office preliminarily rejects two patent claims used by NTP to build infringement case against Blackberry maker.
High-Tech's 2006 Crystal Ball
[December 30, 2005] internetnews.com makes some predictions for 2006 in the IT world.
http://www.internetnews.com/ent-news/article.php/3574441
Intel Set to 'Leap Ahead' in 2006
[December 30, 2005] The PC maker is planning a strong push to make PCs the staple of digital entertainment.
Windows 0-Day Exploit Helped by Open Source?
[December 30, 2005] It may be making the vulnerability easier for attackers.
Sun's Mustang Rides Into The New Year
[December 30, 2005] The company will release its next edition of Java in early 2006.
New Display Standard Takes Shape
[December 30, 2005] Will UDI spell the end of VGA for video display?
Feedback Goodies
Did you ever wish your newsletter was an easy two way communications medium? Ploof! It now is!
If you would like to comment on the newsletter or expand/improve on something you have seen in here, you can now send your input to:
mailto:nlfeedback@htmlgoodies.com
We already receive a lot of email every day. This address helps us sort out those relating specifically to this newsletter from all the rest. When you send email to this address it may wind up being included in this section of the newsletter, to be shared with your fellow readers. Please don't send your questions to this address. They should be sent to our mentors: see http://www.htmlgoodies.com/mentors/
Thanks for all your feedback!
Windows Tech Goodie of the Week
Examining ASP.NET 2.0's Site Navigation - Part 3
This article is one in a series of articles on ASP.NET 2.0's site navigation functionality. This part examines how to use base the site map's contents on the currently logged in user and the authorization rules defined for the pages in the site map.
http://aspnet.4guysfromrolla.com/articles/122805-1.aspx
*** AND ***
ASP 101's Year in Review - A Look Back At 2005
By John Peterson: "As 2005 draws to a close, I once again find myself wondering where the year went. Here's a list of some of ASP 101's highlights from 2005."
http://www.asp101.com/articles/john/2005review/default.asp
And Remember This ...
1924 Tutankhamun's Sarcophagus was Uncovered
British archaeologist Howard Carter had searched intently for the tomb of the boy king, Pharoah Tutankhamun, the 12th king of the 18th Dynasty who was nine years old at his accession, and who died while still in his teens. He finally found the steps to the burial chamber near the tomb of King Rameses VI in the Valley of the Kings, near Luxor, Egypt. On November 26, 1922 he and fellow archeologist Lord Carnarvon entered the tomb. The tomb had, miraculously, survived intact for more than 3,000 years. The excavation of the four room tomb took more than four years, and uncovered thousands of objects. It was on this day in 1924 that a stone sarcophagus was uncovered, which contained three coffins, nested one inside the other, the innermost of which was made of solid gold, and contained the mummified body of Tutankhamun.
Today was also the day that in: 1431 Joan of Arc was handed over to the Bishop; 1521 Martin Luther was excommunicated by the Roman Catholic Church; 1777 Washington defeated the British at the Battle of Princeton, New Jersey; 1795 Ceramic craftsman Josiah Wedgwood died at age 64; 1833 Britain took control of the Falkland Islands in the South Atlantic; 1870 construction of the Brooklyn Bridge was started (completed May 24, 1883); 1938 the March of Dimes was established to fight Polio; 1958 Sir Edmund Hillary reached the South Pole, overland; 1959 Alaska was admitted as the 49th State; 1961 the US broke diplomatic relations with Cuba; 1962 Pope John XXIII excommunicated Fidel Castro; 1969 John Lennon's album "Two Virgins" was declared pornographic in New Jersey; 1977 Apple Computer was incorporated; 1988 Margaret Thatcher became British Prime Minister; 1990 General Manuel Noriega of Panama surrendered to US authorities; 1993 Junk bond king Michael Milkin was released from jail after 22 months;
Born today were: in 1624 the first Black child born in America William Tucker; 1892 writer John Ronald Reuel Tolkien; 1897 Polish American actress Pola Negri (Barbara A Chalupec) (Madame Bovary); 1905 Welsh actor Ray Milland; 1909 Danish pianist/comedian Victor Borge; 1918 singer Maxene Andrews (one of the sisters); 1921 actor John Russell, 1926 English record producer Sir George Martin (The Beatles); 1930 actor Eddie Egan; 1945 actress Victoria Principal; 1945 musician Stephen Stills; 1946 English musician John Paul Jones; 1956 actor Mel Gibson; 1960 Chinese actress Joan Chen (Chen Chung); 1967 English actress Helena Bonham Carter; 1968 actress Shannon Sturges; 1975 actress Danica McKellar; 1975 actor Jason Marsden


I have a few friends that are members of the Milngavie Fly Dressers club and when one of them mentioned to me that Paul Procter was doing a demo I felt I had to jump at it! If you haven't heard of Paul, firstly where have you been living? And secondly get researching – he is a wealth of information in all aspects of fly fishing from casting, to fishing techniques and fly tying, and he freely gives away many tips through his blog and other resources.
I'd been looking forward to this evening all week, a nice break from the monotony of work and hopefully the kind of demo where I might pick up a hint or two. Paul started the evening with a tying of a timeless classic, the pheasant tail nymph, although believe it or not there wasn't any pheasant tail used. The traditionalists amongst you might be cringing at this thought or complaining that it cannot be a pheasant tail nymph if pheasant tail is not even used. I understand these concerns but I can assure you that for all intents and purposes it looked like it was made from pheasant tail. Let me explain Paul's rationale for the deviation from tradition. As anyone that has used a pheasant tail nymph can probably attest to, it is 1) a great general representation, 2) deadly, and 3) rather fragile. Paul wanted to maintain the look of the fly whilst making it bomb proof, well, at least more than one or two fish proof! To this end, Paul has been using strands of florists ribbon instead of pheasant tail. With a small cut to the ribbon you can comfortably pull out a few strands to use. I was sceptical at first but it really does look great; it looks great for the tails, the body looks just like pheasant would and it looks great for the legs. Despite my best attempts at taking a rubbish picture, you can see Paul's alternative, much harder wearing PT nymph below. It's a new one that's going to appear in my box, that's for sure.
Secondly he tied a bead head nymph which was the logical progression for when you need something a bit heavier to get you down in the current. The bead head was just a standard pattern although I did really like the green wire used for the body, very nice effect indeed. Instead of faffing around with dubbing (or pheasant tail!) you just tie in a coloured wire of your choice and wind this to create the body. It makes one heck of a durable fly that looks not half bad either. I was shown this a while ago by a friend, Alex Laurie, who uses brown wire as the body to create another deadly, general nymph pattern. Pro tip from Paul: when putting on lead wire or a wire rib, insert it into the bead to achieve a smoother transition and keep the bead in place as you tie the fly.
I'm not going to go through the rest of the flies in great detail but rather point out some of the tips that I found very interesting that can hopefully help others too. The next fly tied was a pearly CDC spider, just as it sounds, a spider with mole fur dubbing, some pearl at the thorax and a CDC feather used as hackle. May sound simple, and it is but it was the fishing tip that caught my attention. Paul explained that it could be used as part of a team for traditional spider fishing but also used on its own to represent emergers or drowned adults in the surface film, a really versatile fly. This fly really might just open up a new field of possibilities when I can't hit those smutting fish.
Next up was a foam beetle in more tame sizes than I am used to seeing after a season in New Zealand! The pro tip here was to mix up your casting when you are using beetles and other terrestrials. You needn't always look to present your fly as gently as possible but rather you can utilise 'the plop'. The plop? Yes, the plop! Don't be afraid to whack it down with a bit more gusto than usual, imagine the beetle falling out of a tree onto the water… the fish will key in on that and nail it or bolt for the nearest cover as you've just spooked the hell out of it! Paul said he witnessed this in NZ when after gently presenting the fish showed no interest but a plop down brought the take, this is something I have experienced too. He did point out though that the trout's response in this country is likely to be a bit more hit and miss but if nothing's doing then give it a plop!
The last three flies Paul tied were a dropped arse gnat, a general CDC dun and a general CDC spinner. The CDC dun brought another great pro tip from Paul – when tying a CDC wing you want to tie it in a few millimetres back from the eye just as where the wings are on the natural. All too often the CDC wing is tied in right up at the eye. Paul also adds two turns of hackle infront of the CDC and then trims the underside. This is to add flotation and imitate the insect's legs. It's a bloody great looking fly and another that is going to be appearing in the fly box of yours truly in the very near future. The CDC spinner was a novel approach to a spinner pattern that I hadn't seen before, utilising a curved hook, a quill body and CDC wings. Paul's pro tip was in regard to shaping CDC wings and that was not to cut any straight lines but cut individual CDC barbules to help keep that natural look and boy did it pay off, his fly looked impeccable.
On the whole it was a top night, Paul was a thoroughly nice bloke and shared some great tips with us. The picture above really does not do his flies justice, they were absolutely first class. I hope that you get some help from Paul's tips too and that you are able to incorporate his ideas into your fly tying and your fishing. I would love to post a step by step here for one of Paul's flies but I just would not do justice to them so you're stuck with one of mine I'm afraid… My NZ killer nymph, a PT bead head with glister collar. This nymph in various sizes has accounted for almost all of my nymph caught trout and it's easy to tie!
And as a final note here's another one of my killer patterns, my caddis pupa and a mangled NZ killer! Still works though, the trout don't care, as long as it roughly fits their prey image (this is worth looking up, or get a hold of Bob Wyatt's 'Trout Hunting') and you have presented it naturally, i.e. not dragging, they'll eat it. Have fun tying!
Whilst Czech nymphing, I generally tend to concentrate on fast, poppily water with a fair depth. This distinguishes quite easily where the fish (you'd think!) would be lying up. Any little crease in a run, boulder with a back eddy or where two currents meet, should hold a fish or three.
Making sure your flies travel downstream at the same pace of the river is crucial, this is called dead drift. If a nymph is moving faster than the current, it becomes unnatural and most educated fish would leave it alone. But, sometimes, if there are stockies in the river, or its a hard days fishing, leading your flies downstream a faster than the current can sometimes provoke a take depending on the situation.
'Jigging' is one of my favourite ways to induce a take. By casting the flies upstream, and leaving them trundle along the bottom downstream can become pretty repetitious, to you and the fish. If there's a fish in the run your fishing that's already seen or had a go at your flies, it can become put off. By jigging the flies, lifting the rod tip a few inches, causing the flies to come up from the bottom to about mid level, and allowing them to drop back to the bottom can provoke the fish into taking again. There has been many a time where I have been fishing the river Rhymney and caught the same fish in the same pool, on the same fly, twice! Just simply by changing the behaviour of the flies.
Czech Nymphing is a generally a sight fishing method, so casting short and keeping the rod high, at about a 45o angle, will give you a good view on your fly line. Each take you have whether fishing dries or nymphs, you will always certainly see before you feel as most takes by the time they are felt, they are missed. This is why I think this method is so effective. If the fly line does anything – pull, flick, stop, dart or delays, LIFT. Any movement on the end of the fly line could mean fish! Eight out of Ten times, its probably the bottom, but the other two times, it will probably be a fish.
A Typical set up for Czech Nymphing is a long fly rod – the ideal being up to 10 feet in length. Rod weight should be around a 4 or 5 weight although for smaller rivers a lighter and shorter rod may be more appropriate for this method. Czech Nymphing is quite intensive work, the physically lighter the rod the better. Personally I use Airflo Streamtec 10ft 4-5weight fly rod. A good sight indicator will also help, be it braid or a czech nymphing leader.
Leader setup is also crucial. Having your flies to far apart, or to close could mean the difference between a few fish or a bag full. I tend to have my droppers around 16-20 inches apart. This means that I can fish shallow runs and also deep pools without changing the length of the leader, only the weight of the flies. By keeping the rod high and the fly line out of the water, having a considerably longer distance between flies could mean that in shallow water the top dropper could evidently be out of the water and not fishing.
Czech nymphs are probably one of the most varied flies available. They come in many different sizes and colours. But most czech nymphs seem to all have one similarity, its shape. Their shapes all tend follow one trend, thin at the ends and fat in the middle. Profile is everything with Czech nymphs. The thin profile helps the fly cut through the water layers, sink fast and smoothly to get to where the fish are lying.
Below is one of my favourite and easiest Czech nymphs to tie.
Mount A hook in the vice and run one wrap of thread down the shank. This acts as a base for the glue to set and lead to be wrapped onto without slipping.
Apply a drop of super glue to the hook, and wind an under body of Lead wire. Taper each end by building up layers of thread, Just to give it that "grubby" shape.
The order in which the materials are tied in will help here and in the further steps as you will see.
Wind the Marabou up the body in touching turns, covering the lead and tie off.
Apply a small amount of varnish along the underside of the pearl (the side that touches the back of the fly), pull over and tie off. (The varnish helps secure the pearl in place so it doesn't twist/turn when you wind the rib). Wind the copper rib, the opposite way to the body as it aids it's durability.
Pull and stretch the shellback over the back of the fly. Try and judge so that the shellback sits evenly on each side of the fly. Tie in, cut off and do a small half-hitch at the head to avoid any unwanted accidents and the whole fly unravelling.
Finally wind the nylon through the fly in touching turns with the (underneath) copper rib, tie in, whip finish and varnish.
The colour intensity of the marabou does not fade, wash out or get water logged and loose its colour like some dubbing does. Ovcourse, tying with the appropriate colour thread as a base beneath any of the materials used for a body will have a massive impact on its colour once wet.
Marabou is strong and very mobile. The 'legs' created by its herls give great movement and also give it a very lifelike look, albeit pink.
This fly works extremely well fished on the point of a team of three flies. If I was Czech Nymphing, id generally have three Czech Nymphs on my cast, the middle dropper being the heaviest, to get all flies as deep as possible without causing too many snag ups.
Personally, I prefer to use this fly whilst Czech Nymphing for grayling. Through the winter grayling tend to switch onto brightly coloured flies, pink being their favourite but this can only be determined by trial and error. To fish all day comfortably through the winter, the appropriate clothing is needed. Fishing in the winter can sometimes mean standing in water at around 4-8oC and sometimes colder!


text:
Curry to miss game with concussion
AP Photo/Rick Bowmer
Golden State Warriors' Stephen Curry lays on the court after being injured in the fourth quarter during an NBA basketball game Monday
Warriors guard Stephen Curry has been diagnosed with a mild concussion after hitting his head on the court during the fourth quarter of Monday night victory over the Utah Jazz, the team announced Tuesday.
Curry will not play in tonight's game against the Memphis Grizzlies and his status moving forward is day-to-day.
In 10 games this sesson, Curry is averaging 19.9 points, 8.7 assists, 3.7 rebounds and 1.70 steals in 32.7 minutes per contest.
Curry was injured in the fourth quarter of the 98-87 victory at Utah. The star point guard left the game after hitting his head on the court in a scramble for a loose ball.
The Warriors said Tuesday that Curry's only symptom was a headache, which had since dissipated.
Curry scored 22 points and dished out eight assists before leaving Monday's game.
"I've got a pretty nasty headache. I hit the ground pretty hard, but I'll be all right," Curry said after the game. "Thankfully, the guys sealed the deal when I left."
The injury comes at a bad time for the Warriors who are already without backup point guard Toney Douglas, who has a stress reaction of his left tibia.
Golden State has been hitting its stride of late, reeling off four straight wins.
One of the few teams to solve the Warriors' high-powered offense are the Grizzlies. Memphis earned a convincing 108-90 triumph over Golden State at home on Nov. 9.
The Warriors are a different team in their own building, where they are 5-0 and are averaging 110.8 points. Memphis, however, is limiting opponents to 91.3 points while taking its last three — all on the road.
NOTES: The Grizzlies have taken 10 straight in the series and took their two trips to Golden State last season by an average of 8.5 points. … Memphis guard Tony Allen will miss the game after being suspended for kicking Los Angeles Clippers guard Chris Paul in the face on Monday. … Golden State center-forward Jermaine O'Neal (knee/groin) is not expected to play. … The Warriors assigned Dewayne Dedmon, Ognjen Kuzmic and Nemanja Nedovic to the Santa Cruz Warriors.
Warriors vs. Grizzlies
WHEN: Wednesday, 7:30 p.m.
WHERE: Oracle Arena, Oakland
TV: CSN Bay Area
RADIO: KNBR (680 AM)
Tags: Golden State Warriors, Stephen Curry
Rookie showing flashes of brilliance, with room to improve
Deep in the heart of Texas: Niners corral Cowboys, 23-17
San Francisco holds off late charge. Packers up next


Today is Monday, April 8. Here are five things you need to know.
The Burrillville School Department's 2019 kindergarten registration open house will be held on Monday, April 8 and Wednesday, April 10 from 4 to 10 p.m. at Auston T. Levy School at 135 Harrisville Main St.
Children who will turn five-years-old by September 1 are eligible to register.
Parents are asked to bring proof of residency, such as two different utility bills dated within one month of registration; a current tax bill or mortgage statement; or a notarized affidavit or registry. The form can be found here. Also required are the child's birth certificate and immunization records.
Parents are asked to bring the child as he or she will be screened by kindergarten teachers and child outreach. Alternatively, parents or caregivers can make an appointment for screening by calling 647-7560.
The town of Burrillville is now hiring for seasonal and part time certified lifeguards and other positions at Spring Lake Beach. Lifeguards must have successfully completed courses, and have valid ID cards in Lifeguard Training, First Aid and CPR/AED by May 22. Employees can be certified by the Rhode Island Division of Parks and Recreation as either a surf or non-surf lifeguards.
Applicants must be 16 or over, and can download the application here. Applications must be returned by either mail or fax by May 10. Send completed documents to Gail Labossiere, executive assistant to the town manager, Burrillville Town Hall, 105 Harrisville Main St., Harrisville, RI 02830.
The Burrillville Recreation Commission will gather in the Jesse Smith Memorial Library Conference Room on Monday, April 8 at 6:30 p.m. The agenda can be found here.
The Pascoag Board of Fire Commissioners were hold their monthly meeting on Monday, April 8 at 141 Howard Ave. in Pascoag starting at 7 p.m. The agenda can be found here.
The Burrillville Zoning Board will hold a hearing on Tuesday, April 9 starting at 7 p.m. at town hall. The agenda can be found here.
The Burrillville School Committee will hold their regular meeting on Tuesday, April 9 starting at 6:30 p.m. at the Burrillville High School Media Center. The agenda can be found here.
The Burrillville Town Council will hold their regular meeting on Wednesday, April 10 at the town building starting at 7 p.m. The agenda can be found here.
AAA Northeast is offering a free driver improvement class for Rhode Islanders 55 and over that provides insurance discounts. Topics covered in the four-hour class will include using speed and space effectively, adverse conditions and driving emergencies, the effects of alcohol and other drugs, visual awareness distractions and more.
Pre-registration is required by April 19 for the class, which will take place on Wednesday, April 24 from 9 a.m. to 1 p.m. at the Beckweth-Bruckshaw Lodge. Complimentary lunch will be included.
To register contact Burrillville Parks and Recreation at (401) 568-9470.
The Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management is teaming up with the Arbor Day Foundation to give away 1,000 trees as part of the State's Energy-Saving Trees Program. Now in its eighth season, the program helps Rhode Islanders save energy and lower their utility bills by strategically planting trees on their property.
Trees play an important role in cooling streets and homes, filtering air, and reducing stormwater pollution. The trees distributed through the Energy-Saving Trees Program are approximately four to six feet tall and will be distributed in three-gallon containers for easy transport. The Rhode Island Tree Council will provide planting and care instruction to homeowners – as well as guidance on how to maximize energy-savings. When planted properly, a single mature tree can save $30 annually in heating and cooling costs.
Registration opens on Monday, April 8, and is required to reserve a tree. Recipients must be Rhode Island residents.Supplies go fast, so early registration is recommended. For more information and/or to register for the program, visitwww.arborday.org/RIDEM.
For questions about the Energy-Saving Trees Program, contact Caroline Scanlan, Urban and Community Forestry Program Coordinator in DEM's Division of Forest Environment, at 222-2445, ext. 2056, or email her at Caroline.scanlan@dem.ri.gov.


text:
About Destination
If it's aquatic thrills and spills you're looking for then Yas Waterworld is the place to be. This water park is brimming with slides, pools and splash zones making this a great day out for families.
Your adventure begins as you take off for a stunning flight down the coast towards Abu Dhabi. Enjoy unique seaside views before touching down on the waters of Yas Marina, which is moments away from Yas Waterworld.
There's so many slides, rides and pools to explore where to start? The wave attraction is popular with budding surfers, and the park often extends its hours into the evenings over summer. Take the family out for a fun-filled day that will keep kids big and small entertained.
Private charter seaplane flight to Abu Dhabi
See iconic sights including the BurjKhalifa and Palm Islands before soaring down the coast
Road transfer from Yas Marina Yas Waterworld
YasWaterworld park admission
Access to park rides and attractions
Return road transfer
Option to upgrade to return private charter flight
Abu Dhabi is capital of the Emirates, with rich Arabic traditions. It is home to some of the most impressive attractions in the Middle East, including the majestic Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque. The dramatic columns, domes and unique botanical detailing have captured the hearts of visitors from around the world.
With the opening of the new Louvre museum, the city is well on its way to establishing itself as a top luxury destination in the Middle East. The Emirates Palace Hotel made international headlines when it opened, and continues to be a firm favourite with travelers today.
Yas Island is popular with adrenaline junkies, there you can visit incredible theme parks to get your heart racing. Plus, it is home to the famous Yas Marina Circuit where the finale of the Formula 1 ™ is held each year.
For traditionalists there much to discover. Camel racing and falconry remain a timeless passion for local people, and the dramatic Empty Quarter – known as Rub Al Khail – offers truly unique desert experiences.
All this with coupled with a vibrant dining scene, luxury resorts and a slew of world-class events make Abu Dhabi a truly fascinating place to visit.
For flights from Dubai- AED 12,680
For flights from Fujairah, Ajman and Ras Al Khaimah – AED 15,680
Prices shown above are for up to four guests, please contact us directly if you have a larger party we would be pleased to accommodate you.
per charter


text:
Tiverton identical twins BOTH saved by Devon Air Ambulance
The 12-year-old identical twins are raising funds to help others.
Charlotte VowlesCommunity reporter
Twins can bring double joy but also double trouble - and perhaps nobody knows that more, than parents Andy and Katharine White.
Their two identical twin boys Alex and Ben, now aged 12, have both been rescued by the Devon Air Ambulance on separate occassions.
When Ben was 18 months old he developed a severe case of pneumonia. The family live on a farm near Tiverton, and heavy snow had blocked all of the roads.
Andy remembers vividly, the illness taking a hold of his son. He said: "Being very young, it happened very, very quickly, he became sluggish. I'll always remember my wife said 'his lips have gone blue."'
Alex and Ben with their Air Ambulance teddies (Image: Andy White)
The Air Ambulance was dispatched and Andy rushed outside wearing bright colours so that he could be seen in the snow.
He said: "It landed in one of the fields, the paramedic looked at Ben and said 'we're going, now."'
Within five minutes, Ben and Andy arrived at the hospital - by this point, Ben was so ill that his oxygen levels weren't recording.
Andy said: "Without the Air Ambulance, he would have died - it was touch and go."
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A few years later, the family needed the help of the Devon Air Ambulance once again, when Alex fell off a trampoline, hitting his head on the ground.
Andy said: "I suddenly heard this 'splat' and it didn't sound right. I could hear one of them saying 'wake up, wake up."'
He ran into the garden and said he remembers his wife's "blood-curdling scream" as Alex lay limp in her arms.
Today, the twins are doing well and with time on their hands during the school holidays, they have decided to give back to the Devon Air Ambulance that helped them all those years ago.
Left to right: Alex and Ben on their cycling challenge (Image: Andy White)
With the launch of the charity's new Airbus H145 helicopter, the twins are cycling 145 miles around Devon, passing through towns and villages spelling out the name 'Devon Air Ambulance.'
They said they are hoping to raise as much money as they can, so other people can be helped by the Devon Air Ambulance just like they were.
The boys hope to complete the challenge before they return to school in September- and they have already encountered thunder, lightning and torrential rain on their journeys.
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Ben said: "It's hard, it's a bit of a challenge."
Alex added: "It's very hard - we've got a big hilly ride to do."
However, they remain determined, they've already smashed their initial fundraising target of £500 and were blown away by a £100 donation from a member of the public, who offered the money if Andy and the boys took a ride through Instow.
Andy said they appreciate any donations however big or small, but for £100, the boys will cycle for 10 miles through the sponsor's Devon location.
He added: "I'm so proud of what they've done. Kids get a bad press but they've come up with this idea themselves."
Alex and Ben's fundraising page can be found, here.
KingsbridgePolice said it is thought to be a suspected gas leak or electrical shortage
Traffic & TravelRoad closed in South Devon after motorcyclist breaks shoulder in crash with car - updatesThe B3213 is shut in both directions
Shoe burglar spared jail after latest cupboard break-in
TorbayRobert Seatherton has a history of offending and faced a mandatory sentence.
Exeter City FCNew signing Sam Stubbs on why he joined Exeter City and what his strengths are"I love to defend. It's one of the better part of my games and I like to get my head on it and blocking shots and crosses."
The Torquay United Yellow Army podcast talks loans, loanees and six-pointers
SportGary Johnson has already identified this week's opponents as two of the teams most likely to give his Gulls some serious competition at the top of the table
'Possible explosions' reported under the road in Devon town
Four more coronavirus-related deaths confirmed in Devon's hospitals
CoronavirusThere have now been 519 Covid fatalities at the county's hospitals since the pandemic began


What if we told you there's a way to make more money and live longer? Most of us would be all over that.
Well, it's true, you can do both simply by earning your college degree. We've known for some time that those with a higher level of education make more money. Now, it's been shown you live longer too.
According to the National Center for Education Statistics , the median annual earnings of full-time, year-round male wage and salary workers, ages 25 – 34, who earned their Associate's Degree is $43,600. For those with just a high school diploma it's $32,800.
That's a difference of nearly $11,000 per year. Take that simple number times the roughly 45 years that most people will be working and we're talking somewhere in the range of a half a million dollars!
And, just for comparison, those with less than a high school diploma have annual earnings of less than $25,000 annually. That's just barely more than half of those with an Associate's Degree.
Chart shows that males with less than high school completion make about $24,500 annually. Females with less than high school completion make about $17,500 annually. Males with a high school diploma or its equivalent make about $33,500 annually. Females with a high school diploma or its equivalent make about $25,500 annually. Males with an Associate's Degree make about $44,000 annually. Females with an Associate's Degree make about $32,000 annually.
Not only will you make more money with an Associate's Degree, it's also easier to find a job.
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics , the national unemployment rate in October, 2014, was 5.8 percent but it was a full percentage point lower, 4.8 percent, for those with an Associate's Degree.
Compare that to those with a high school diploma at 5.7 percent and those without a high school education at 7.9 percent.
That's right, let's talk about health. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention releases a report not too long ago showing a distinct correlation between health and education. Though these statistics are for people with Bachelor's Degrees, it's reasonable to believe that those with Associate's Degrees will also experience some of these advantages.
Between 1996-2006, the gap in life expectancy at age 25 between those with less than a high school education and those with a Bachelor's Degree or higher increased by 1.9 years for men and 2.8 years for women.
On average in 2006, 25-year-old men without a high school diploma had a life expectancy 9.3 years less than those with a Bachelor's Degree or higher. Women without a high school diploma had a life expectancy 8.6 years less than those with a Bachelor's Degree or higher.
So, give us a call today at 1-888-336-3907 and increase your chances of higher incomes and better health.


text:
Best Young Entrepreneurs of Tech
BusinessWeek has a special report out now on the Best Young Entrepreneurs of Tech. The report includes several features that look at groups of young technology innovators: Twentysomething Entrepreneurs, Tech's Next Gen: the Best and Brightest, Under-30, Cutting Edge, and Academia's Brightest Stars.
Guess what? Of the more than 45 young people profiled in this report, only three are women. The rest are men, or teams of men, and only a few of these are men of color.
The three women featured certainly deserve their recognition: Sandy Jen and Elaine Wherry are co-founders of the web-based, instant-messaging site, meebo (NCWIT interviewed Elaine for our Entrepreneurial Heroes series); and Christina Jones is a Harvard MBA grad and former software entrepreneur whose new company provides innovative fertility options for freezing eggs.
Interestingly, the article on under-30 entrepreneurs asked them what advice they would give to young, would-be entrepreneurs. Here's a sampling of what they said:
Surround yourself with smart people.
Find a niche in the industry.
Take risks.
Love what you're doing.
All of this advice seeems pretty gender neutral, right?
Let's take a look at some other numbers. According to the Center for Women's Business Research, women-owned businesses account for 55 percent of new startups. The Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics tells us that women hold more than half of all professional occupations in the U.S. workforce. Yet these same two sources also tell us that women represent less than 27 percent of the IT workforce, and that women start fewer than 5 percent of IT companies. From these numbers, we can conclude that women are starting businesses, and they're contributing to the workforce. But they're not doing it in tech. Why?
An NCWIT literature review on entrepreneurism and gender, sponsored by the Kauffman Foundation, found that there is no conclusive research that gender is a factor in the success of entrepreneurs. If gender differences do exist, they may be a product of differences in education and experience, effective business networks, and access to financing.
Why does it matter whether women become IT innovators? A growing body of research tells us that women's scarcity in innovative professions has potentially negative impacts on innovation itself: an NCWIT study on patenting found that patents created by mixed-gender teams of both men and women are more highly cited, for example; and a recent London Business School report found that work teams comprised of equal numbers of men and women were more likely to experiment, be creative, share knowledge, and fulfill tasks.
Notably, BusinessWeek's cover story, which ranks America's 50 most innovative companies and discusses what sets them apart, quotes Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos as saying that "scarcity can be pretty good at prompting new ideas.
"Constraints" he says, "drive innovation."
That old aphorism about neccessity being the mother of invention does say mother, not father, mind you. Perhaps as we recognize innovation as the driver of economic growth and competitiveness in a global market, the need for increased technology innovation will give way to increased demand for, and participation by, women.
News on the Radar: 11/19/21
NCWIT Resources and Initiatives to Support Change Leaders In 2021 and Beyond


Did you know Carousel Designs ships to Canada? We do! If you are planning on placing an order with us and the shipping address is in Canada, here are a few helpful facts to know.
Shipping Time: All Canadian orders are shipped via US Postal Service. These orders take a little extra time in transit since the packages are required to clear customs. "How much longer," you may ask? The average shipping time is 6-12 business days. We'll provide a tracking number once the items ship, so you can closely watch its progress.
One point to note is that sometimes these orders are directed through Chicago, Illinois or Miami, Florida for customs clearance, so no need to worry if you see your order headed towards Florida!
Taxes and Fees: Shipments to Canada will incur an additional shipping charge in addition to any applicable taxes. Our products are made in the USA, so orders shipped to Canada qualify as duty free under the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).
However, please note that customers are responsible for any applicable taxes such as Canadian Goods and Service Tax (GST), Provincial Sales Tax (PST), Quebec Sales Tax (QST), and Harmonized Sales Tax (HST). These taxes will be collected by the Canadian Postal Service upon delivery. Canada Post may also charge an additional handling fee when collecting these taxes before or at time of delivery.
We look forward to assisting you with your order!


text:
Christoph Waltz optioned for two James Bond films with one condition
03-Jan-2016 • Bond 25
In the first James Bond tabloid story of the year, the Daily Star claims that 'SPECTRE' actor Christoph Waltz has signed a contract to appear in a further two 007 adventures - on one condition.
According to the report, the production will only get Waltz if Daniel Craig signs up for a fifth outing as Bond.
"Christoph could make a brilliant ongoing man for Bond to battle like in the old days," a source told the Daily Star. "But the important clincher of it is that Blofeld can only work with Daniel back in the role to keep continuity."
At the time of 'SPECTRE's release, producer Michael G Wilson was confident they will have Craig back for a fifth time, saying: "We think we've got him but we don't have a contract."


text:
Mythimna impura é uma espécie de insetos lepidópteros, mais especificamente de traças, pertencente à família Noctuidae.

A autoridade científica da espécie é Hübner, tendo sido descrita no ano de 1808.

Trata-se de uma espécie presente no território português.

Referências

Ligações externas
 Mythimna impura - Biodiversity Heritage Library - Bibliografia
 Mythimna impura - NCBI Taxonomy Database
 Mythimna impura - Global Biodiversity Information Facility
 Mythimna impura - Encyclopedia of Life

Lepidópteros de Portugal
impura
Lepidópteros descritos em 1808

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: Gemfile syntax error after Bootstrap-sass install After numerous "git push heroku master" rejections due to "no Cedar-support app detected" I found I should run bundle install.
$bundle install

    Gemfile syntax error:
      <<<<<<< HEAD
        ^
    /Users/Wes/Sites/code/omrails/Gemfile:21: syntax error, unexpected ===, expecting
    keyword_end
    =======
       ^

Alright, checking Gemfile:
source 'https://rubygems.org'

gem 'rails', '3.2.13'
gem 'jquery-rails'

group :production do
    gem 'pg'
end

group :development, :test do
  gem 'sqlite3'
end

group :assets do
  gem 'sass-rails',   '~> 3.2.3'
  gem 'coffee-rails', '~> 3.2.1'
  gem 'uglifier', '>= 1.0.3'

  <<<<<<< HEAD
  gem 'bootstrap-sass', '~>2.3.1.2'
=======
>>>>>>> edeb28700d0603990afb9005dd7d084890def28f
end

Any help would be appreciated as I am new to the community.

A: The problem is with the
<<<<<<< HEAD

And
=======
>>>>>>> edeb28700d0603990afb9005dd7d084890def28f

These lines are results of merge between branches in your git repository, where conflicts appeared.
You should take a look at Git How To: Resolving Conflicts.
Remove those three lines and your bundle install should run properly.


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