text:
Q: Rails persistent "No template for interactive request" although the template exists I had this issue with rails. I have followed the basic guide:
rails new blog-2
rails g controller Homepage index
So now I have the standard folder with all the files, plus the controller Homepage and index.html.erb in view/homepage folder
Next I changed the routes to
Rails.application.routes.draw do

  root 'homepage#index'
end

This is how my directory looks like
I did not edit the homepage_controller.rb nor the index.html.erb
But I keep getting this error at localhost:3000
I have tried many ways, uninstall everything, reinstall. Desperate me, I even reset my laptop. Install everything again, but to no avail. Master railers, please help, thank you!!
Edit:
Here's my index action as per requested
class HomepageController < ApplicationController
  def index
  end
end

Edit:
below is the error when I run rails s
Processing by HomepageController#index as HTML
Completed 406 Not Acceptable in 16ms (ActiveRecord: 0.0ms | Allocations: 1996)

ActionController::MissingExactTemplate (HomepageController#index is missing a template for request formats: text/html):

actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_controller/metal/implicit_render.rb:45:in `default_render'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_controller/metal/basic_implicit_render.rb:6:in `block in
send_action'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_controller/metal/basic_implicit_render.rb:6:in `tap'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_controller/metal/basic_implicit_render.rb:6:in `send_action'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/abstract_controller/base.rb:196:in `process_action'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_controller/metal/rendering.rb:30:in `process_action'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/abstract_controller/callbacks.rb:42:in `block in process_action'activesupport (6.0.2.1) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:135:in `run_callbacks'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/abstract_controller/callbacks.rb:41:in `process_action'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_controller/metal/rescue.rb:22:in `process_action'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_controller/metal/instrumentation.rb:33:in `block in process_action'
activesupport (6.0.2.1) lib/active_support/notifications.rb:180:in `block in instrument'
activesupport (6.0.2.1) lib/active_support/notifications/instrumenter.rb:24:in `instrument'
activesupport (6.0.2.1) lib/active_support/notifications.rb:180:in `instrument'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_controller/metal/instrumentation.rb:32:in `process_action'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_controller/metal/params_wrapper.rb:245:in `process_action'
activerecord (6.0.2.1) lib/active_record/railties/controller_runtime.rb:27:in `process_action'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/abstract_controller/base.rb:136:in `process'
actionview (6.0.2.1) lib/action_view/rendering.rb:39:in `process'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_controller/metal.rb:191:in `dispatch'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_controller/metal.rb:252:in `dispatch'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:51:in `dispatch'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:33:in `serve'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/journey/router.rb:49:in `block in serve'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/journey/router.rb:32:in `each'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/journey/router.rb:32:in `serve'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:837:in `call'
rack (2.1.1) lib/rack/tempfile_reaper.rb:17:in `call'
rack (2.1.1) lib/rack/etag.rb:27:in `call'
rack (2.1.1) lib/rack/conditional_get.rb:27:in `call'
rack (2.1.1) lib/rack/head.rb:14:in `call'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/http/content_security_policy.rb:18:in `call'
rack (2.1.1) lib/rack/session/abstract/id.rb:277:in `context'
rack (2.1.1) lib/rack/session/abstract/id.rb:271:in `call'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/cookies.rb:648:in `call'
activerecord (6.0.2.1) lib/active_record/migration.rb:567:in `call'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/callbacks.rb:27:in `block in call'
activesupport (6.0.2.1) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:101:in `run_callbacks'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/callbacks.rb:26:in `call'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/executor.rb:14:in `call'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/actionable_exceptions.rb:17:in `call'actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/debug_exceptions.rb:32:in `call'
web-console (4.0.1) lib/web_console/middleware.rb:132:in `call_app'
web-console (4.0.1) lib/web_console/middleware.rb:28:in `block in call'
web-console (4.0.1) lib/web_console/middleware.rb:17:in `catch'
web-console (4.0.1) lib/web_console/middleware.rb:17:in `call'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/show_exceptions.rb:33:in `call'
railties (6.0.2.1) lib/rails/rack/logger.rb:38:in `call_app'
railties (6.0.2.1) lib/rails/rack/logger.rb:26:in `block in call'
activesupport (6.0.2.1) lib/active_support/tagged_logging.rb:80:in `block in tagged'
activesupport (6.0.2.1) lib/active_support/tagged_logging.rb:28:in `tagged'
activesupport (6.0.2.1) lib/active_support/tagged_logging.rb:80:in `tagged'
railties (6.0.2.1) lib/rails/rack/logger.rb:26:in `call'
sprockets-rails (3.2.1) lib/sprockets/rails/quiet_assets.rb:13:in `call'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/remote_ip.rb:81:in `call'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/request_id.rb:27:in `call'
rack (2.1.1) lib/rack/method_override.rb:24:in `call'
rack (2.1.1) lib/rack/runtime.rb:24:in `call'
activesupport (6.0.2.1) lib/active_support/cache/strategy/local_cache_middleware.rb:29:in `call'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/executor.rb:14:in `call'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/static.rb:126:in `call'
rack (2.1.1) lib/rack/sendfile.rb:113:in `call'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/host_authorization.rb:83:in `call'
webpacker (4.2.2) lib/webpacker/dev_server_proxy.rb:23:in `perform_request'
rack-proxy (0.6.5) lib/rack/proxy.rb:57:in `call'
railties (6.0.2.1) lib/rails/engine.rb:526:in `call'
puma (4.3.1) lib/puma/configuration.rb:228:in `call'
puma (4.3.1) lib/puma/server.rb:681:in `handle_request'
puma (4.3.1) lib/puma/server.rb:472:in `process_client'
puma (4.3.1) lib/puma/server.rb:328:in `block in run'
puma (4.3.1) lib/puma/thread_pool.rb:134:in `block in spawn_thread'

A: I had the exact same problem on Windows 10, and I found a solution finally. I was using gitbash to navigate to the project folder and run rails s. After try everything I read on the internet (rebooting computer, reinstalling rails, rolling back to previous versions, reconfiguring routes, renaming html.erb files...), I still faced the same problem.
One day, I decided to run rails s on Windows CMD and voila it got fixed! All my code -  controllers, index.html.erb files etc are all exactly the same.

A: updated
I have test same envirionments like your description.
rails 6.0.2.1
ruby 2.6.5
windows10 and mac 10.14.6
But I failed to reproduce error.
It was only causes by typing miss for directory or file
Check your directories and files whether it contains whitespace

rename view/homepage to views/homepage
view doens't recognize in rails
rails has default type of directory naming by plural

A: i was having this same issue with a rails app initialized today. turns out that my html.erb files were going into my layouts directory inside my views directory. i moved everything that was inside my layouts directory up a level (so everything that was in layouts is now a direct descendant of the 'views' directory) and my app was working again. i didn't see anything about moving the directories in the changelog but maybe it's a new feature. anyway, hope this helps!
edit: looks like the application.html.erb needs to remain inside of the layouts directory (and i'm guessing then so should the mailer.html.erb & mailer.text.erb files) for the app to load properly. but for controllers to find their respective html.erb files they should still be in directories directly beneath 'views'

A: I had the same issue (Windows 10 & same versions of Ruby and Rails), and it appears that I had created my project in a linked directory (it was c:\Local\myproject, but "Local" was a link):

When I create the project from the root, for example c:\Projects\myproject, everything works fine... Or another solution is to launch rails server from the full path c:\users\PUBLIC\Documents\myproject.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Nasdaq Re-Balances Its Index, Apple Is the Biggest Loser (Includes Rebalance List)
April 5, 2011 (April 5, 2011)
Nasdaq OMX announced today that it will cut the weight of 82 securities represented in the Nasdaq-100 to bring them more in line with their market capitalizations. Under normal conditions, the list of annual additions and deletions is publicly announced via a press release in the early part of December. Replacements are made effective after the close of trading on the third Friday in December. Today's interim evaluation is considered an extraordinary circumstance under the terms of the index.
NDX was rebalanced following a very precise process. The methodology is based on testing the Index Securities for compliance of certain thresholds: if a single Index Security is greater than 24% then the index will be rebalanced, and if all Index Securities greater or equal to 4.5% exceed 48% then the index will be rebalanced.
The most notable change in the rebalance was to Apple, which was cut to 12 percent from 20 percent as a result. Still, Apple remains the largest component of the Nasdaq 100. The changes will bring Apple in line with Nasdaq rules that require a rebalancing whenever a single stock makes up more than 20% of the index. Although the news was announced early this morning, the change goes into effect on May 2.
The NDX Special Rebalance will result in a market event similar to the annual Russell Reconstitution. For every $1 billion benchmarked to NDX, it is expected that 9.5 million shares will execute. Last year's Russell Rebalance resulted in a record 1.04 billion shares worth $11.2 billion being executed in 0.855 seconds.
Reuters is reporting that, "More than $330 billion in funds and $40 billion in exchange-traded funds are benchmarked to the Nasdaq 100, including the QQQ, the most actively traded Nasdaq-tracking ETF, which has a market capitalization of $24.4 billion." These ETFs will need to execute trades to bring them inline with the new index structure.
The NASDAQ-100 Index includes 100 of the largest domestic and international non-financial securities listed on The Nasdaq Stock Market based on market capitalization. The Index reflects companies across major industry groups including computer hardware and software, telecommunications, retail/wholesale trade and biotechnology. It does not contain securities of financial companies including investment companies.
NASDAQ-100 SPECIAL REBALANCE: ESTIMATED SHARES PER INDEX SECURITY
NASDAQ:QQEW, NASDAQ:QQQ, NASDAQ:QQQQ, NASDAQ:QTEC, NASDAQ:SQQQ, NASDAQ:TQQQ, NYSE:QID, NYSE:QLD
Gold Options: Cranking Up The Fear
Market Vectors Russia ETF (RSX) Crosses The $4 Billion Asset Threshold

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


By making a donation, you will help provide a child, or teen, with a forever home. While the mission of Nerheim is to help youth lost in the foster care system, we are keenly aware that this not possible without financial contributions such as yours.
Nerheim is a non-profit, federally registered 501(c)(3) tax exempt organization, and donations are tax deductible to the full extent of the law. A donation receipt will be sent to the email address you provide. Please be sure to keep a copy for tax purposes. If making recurring donations, we are happy to provide you with a year-end statement.
Donations through PayPal are easy, and do not have any service fees. You can use a PayPal account, or pay by credit card, whichever is easiest.
For further information on more complex giving options, such as recurring or legacy gifts, or if you are interested in giving other than monetary, please contact Julie @ 612.990.3566, or via the contact page, and she will be happy to assist you with your donation desires.


So I bought a fidget spinner the other day. I'm spinning it periodically while I write this post.
As to whether it is actually going to beneficial to me in some way… to be honest I'm not completely sure. I certainly think that there is something about its simplicity that I appreciate.
It is so rare today to have simplicity. Games, tv shows, books, get so complicated. I have been working on a novel for so long now and the reason is that, while I think I know where it is going, it is perphaps too complex. So I am putting it aside for a while and focusing on simpler things.


Lady Gaga gave a masterclass rendition of the "Star Spangled-Banner" at Super Bowl 50 on Sunday.
The singer, known for her flamboyant outfits in the past, has toned things down a bit over the years and has focused on classic vocals and acting.
I'm so happy that people are finally taking Lady Gaga's vocals and other talents seriously. She's the only artist to perform at the Oscars, Grammys and the Super Bowl in one season. Last month, she won Best Actress in a Mini-Series or Motion Picture Made for Television at the Golden Globes for "American Horror Story: Hotel." She's also nominated for an Academy Award.
Last year she stunned television audiences with her unbelievable "Sound of Music" tribute at the Oscars.


Summary Directory traversal vulnerability in Apache 2.0 through 2.0.39 on Windows, OS2, and Netware allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files and execute commands via .. (dot dot) sequences containing \ (backslash) characters.
description A security vulnerability in Apache 2.0.39 on Windows systems allows attackers to access files that would otherwise be inaccessible using a directory traversal attack. An attacker could use this to read sensitive files or potentially execute any command on your system.


Welcome to Piña Para La Niña Interactive. We are a small, independent game development company, currently nestled in a quiet corner of Los Angeles County, California in the USA. Our mission is to bring the casual gaming experience to all gamers, regardless of age or gender. We are currently focused on developing products for the burgeoning iPhone, iPod Touch, and iPad application market.
We are busy creating our next product, so be sure to check back often for the latest updates. In the meantime, feel free to take a quick tour of our site!
� 2010 piña para la niña interactive. all rights reserved.


text:
(-) Remove Marcot, Bruce filter Marcot, Bruce
Common quandaries and their practical solutions in Bayesian network modeling
Use and popularity of Bayesian network (BN) modeling has greatly expanded in recent years, but many common problems remain. Here, I summarize key problems in BN model construction and interpretation,along with suggested practical solutions. Problems in BN model construction include parameterizing probability values, variable definition, complex network structures,...
https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22construction%22&%3Bf%5B0%5D=author_facet%3A%22Kitchen%2C%20Stanley%22&f%5B0%5D=author_facet%3A%22Marcot%2C%20Bruce%22&f%5B1%5D=author_facet%3A%22Green%2C%20Frederick%22
Bruce G. Marcot
Bayesian networks, modeling problems, modeling solutions, bias, machine learning, expert knowledge.
Ecological Modelling. 358: 1-9.
Tolerance of Serpula lacrymans to copper-based wood preservatives
Serpula lacrymans, the dry rot fungus, is considered the most economically important wood decay fungus in certain temperate regions of the world, namely northern Europe, Japan, and Australia. Previously, copper-based wood preservatives were commonly used for pressure treatment of wood for building construction, but some decay fungi are known to be copper tolerant. In...
Anne Christine Steenkjaer Hastrup; Frederick Green; Carol A. Clausen; Bo Jensen
Serpula lacrymans, dry rot, copper tolerance, copper citrate, ACQ-D, NHA, brown rot, wood preservatives, wood-decaying fungi, copper, soil block testing, metal tolerance, preservatives, copper compounds, decay fungi, ammoniacal copper quat
International biodeterioration & biodegradation. Vol 56 (2005): Pages 173-177
Serpula lacrymans, the dry rot fungus and tolerance towards copper-based wood preservatives
Serpula lacrymans (Wulfen : Fries) Schröter, the dry rot fungus, is considered the most economically important wood decay fungus in temperate regions of the world i.e. northern Europe, Japan and Australia. Previously copper based wood preservatives were the most commonly used preservatives for pressure treatment of wood for building constructions. Because of a...
Anne Christine Steenkjaer Hastrup; Frederick Green; Carol Clausen; Bo Jensen
Serpula lacrymans, dry rot, copper tolerance, copper citrate, ACQ-D, NHA
International Research Group on Wood Protection. Section 1, Biology : 36th annual meeting, Bangalore, India, April 24-28, 2005. Stockholm, Sweden : IRG Secretariat, 2005. 7 pages.
Rebuttal of "Polar bear population forecasts: a public-policy forecasting audit"
Observed declines in the Arctic sea ice have resulted in a variety of negative effects on polar bears (Ursus maritimus). Projections for additional future declines in sea ice resulted in a proposal to list polar bears as a threatened species under the United States Endangered Species Act. To provide information for the Department of the Interior...
Steven C. Amstrup; Hal Caswell; Eric DeWeaver; Ian Stirling; David C. Douglas; Bruce G. Marcot; Christine M. Hunter
polar bear, Ursus maritimus, global warming, climate models, forecasting principles, forecasts, projections, audit, Endangered Species Act
Interfaces. 39(4): 353-369


text:
Valley Mortuary
Paul Keith Wagner Jr.
July 5, 1968 ~ June 21, 2020 (age 51)
Paul Keith Wagner, Jr. of Driggs, Idaho, passed away on June 21, 2020, from an extended illness, in Fort Collins, Colorado. Paul was born on July 5, 1968, in Hollywood, California, to Paul K. Wagner Sr. and Kathleen J. Wagner. He lived in Temple City, California, until October of 1980 at which time he moved with his family to Driggs.
Paul was an avid baseball fan his entire life and was an expert on everything about the Los Angeles Dodgers, knowing almost every statistic on every Dodger player. When he was nine years old, he joined the Temple City National Little League and played first base and center field for the Redlegs team. When he was eleven years old, Paul was the first and currently remains, the only player in the League to hit a walk-off grand-slam home run, with two outs, in the final inning of the final game to lead his team to a win and the City championship.
Paul attended and graduated from Teton High School. He was honored to be a Redskin and loved being a member of the football team. When he was in the eleventh grade, Paul and his good friend, Andy Holmes, presented the idea of forming the Teton Redskin's baseball team to one of his favorite coaches, Mr. Craig Kunz. After a long and due consideration, the team was established and Paul was a charter member of the newly organized Teton High School Redskin's baseball team.
Upon graduation, Paul and Andy headed south for an extended tour of Southern California. While in California and at Andy's insistence, Paul joined The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints and was baptized in Arcadia. Upon his return to Driggs, Paul was employed in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, as a Night Auditor and was subsequently transferred through the Hilton Hotel Corporation to Fort Collins, Colorado. While employed there, he was able to meet many celebrities in the entertainment field and obtained many autographs, which was his second passion. However, he felt right at home when the Los Angeles Dodgers were in residence to play the Colorado Rockies,
Paul was a good boy and respected everyone he met. One of his final wishes was to give thanks to all of his friends, along with all of those who befriended him during his life on earth.
Paul was preceded in death by his grandparents, John W. and Jean O. Allender, formerly of Temple City, California, Stanley L. Wagner, formerly of Driggs, Idaho. Paul is survived by his parents, Kathleen J. and Paul K. Wagner, Sr., sisters Karen J. Wagner and Kristen K. Wagner, two nephews, Paul K. Wagner III and Stanley Wagner, along with two nieces, Kathleen J. Wagner, Jr. and Karye K. Wagner, all of Driggs.
The family does not wish to thank the medical community of Fort Collins, Colorado, likewise, the Organ Transplant Team of Denver, Colorado.
A graveside service will be on Wednesday, July 8, 2020 at the Darby Cemetery at 2 pm. Following the graveside, there will be a small memorial gathering at the Driggs City Park.
To send flowers to the family or plant a tree in memory of Paul Keith Wagner Jr., please visit our floral store.
Darby Cemetery
corner of 1000 East 2000 South
Driggs, ID 83422
Memorial Gathering
Driggs City Park
© 2021 Valley Mortuary. All Rights Reserved. Funeral Home website by CFS & TA | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy


"If you have set up the 'image space' on your IDE device, you can copy whole floppy disks or disk images to this area and boot them from the IDE device."
No where in heaven nor Earth does anything describe how to set up 'image space'!
I have succeeded in installing MyDos 4.53/4 to a 64MB CF, but holding START and pressing RESET only leads me back to the DOS menu.
What MyBIOS / MyIDE firmware are you running?
The standard MyIDE 3.5 or a newer MyBIOS.
Standard you have this option in FDISK, in MyBIOS the default is "ON"
But 64Mb could be to small to have image-space active.
Last edited by grommit on Sat Jun 22, 2013 2:23 pm, edited 1 time in total.
Excuse me, but did you download and read the manual?
You need to run fdisk, first activate image-space, then make logical partitions in the space left.
Time/money: MyIDE-I is obsolete since the newer user-friendlier MyIDE-][ is out.
You're excused, of course. I read it, but clearly didn't understand it. Sorry that was a bit over the top. So now I have disk images working.


text:
Is Guatemala dangerous for tourists?
Guatemala has one of the highest violent crime rates in Latin America; there were 4,914 violent deaths in 2018. Although the majority of serious crime involves local gangs, incidents are usually indiscriminate and can occur in tourist areas. Despite the high levels of crime, most visits to Guatemala are trouble-free.
Is Guatemala safe for tourists 2020?
Guatemala is not the safest country to visit. It has extremely high crime rates, of both violent and petty crime. You should be vigilant and take all possible precaution measures in order to minimize the risk of something wrong happening.
Do I need a Covid test to travel to Guatemala?
All passengers arriving in Guatemala must present evidence of either: a negative COVID-19 test taken within 72 hours of arrival; complete course of a COVID-19 vaccination completed at least two weeks before arrival; or documented recovery from COVID-19 within three months of arrival.
Why is Guatemala not safe?
Guatemala has one of the highest violent crime rates in Latin America, one of the world's highest homicide rates and a very low arrest and detention rate. Most incidents of violent crime are drug- and gang-related. They occur throughout the country, including in tourist destinations.
How much money should I bring to Guatemala?
How much money will you need for your trip to Guatemala? You should plan to spend around Q304 ($39) per day on your vacation in Guatemala, which is the average daily price based on the expenses of other visitors.
Is Guatemala safe for solo female Travellers?
In fact, Guatemala is Central America's hidden gem. The community of other travellers, especially backpackers, is tight, making solo travel in Guatemala relatively easy. Female travellers are treated no differently than male travellers, and the country is overall safe and fun for women to travel to.
Is crime a problem in Guatemala?
Violence and extortion by powerful criminal organizations remain serious problems in Guatemala. Gang-related violence is an important factor prompting people, including unaccompanied children and young adults, to leave the country.
What is the murder rate in Guatemala?
Murders are a serious problem in Guatemala: the country has one of the highest murder rates in the world, but less than 4% of murders end in conviction. Sep 5 2019
Is Guatemala dangerous?
Guatemala is consistently ranked among the most violent countries in the world, with easy access to guns, an endemic gang problem and corrupt police leading to a sky-high murder rate.
How safe is Guatemala?
Despite having a reputation for crime, Guatemala is generally safe to visit. Before going any further, you have to understand what has happened in the country. For a long time, violence was the norm in Guatemala. Though the civil war here may have ended in 1996 (after 36 years) it's still very much an issue.
Waarom middenrif ademhaling?
Is CSGO first-person?


The landscaping of this demonstration site was kept as natural as possible and includes Eastern Shore natives that do well in shady moist conditions. The plants were covered with pinestraw and blend beautifully into the existing native vegetation.
Designed by Kim Owen, a local landscaper, this site was funded by the Virginia CZM Program and is being maintained by Eastern Shore Master Naturalists.
Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge - "bird garden"
This sites includes two demonstration gardens, one with species that attract butterflies and another that demonstrates how to create backyard bird habitat by providing food (native plants & bird feeders), water and cover (native plants & brush pile). The Visitor Center installed an interpretive display inside the center in front of a very large window that overlooks the garden. The display area includes binoculars, bird books, a wildlife sighting recording binder, and outreach material on how to create a backyard wildlife habitat, along with chairs so that visitors can sit back and relax as they gaze out on the garden. The project was a cooperative effort among the Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge, Master Gardeners and Master Naturalists with many volunteers from each organization.
Onley Rural Health Center - "Healing Garden"
This garden highlights the therapeutic power of Eastern Shore native plants, and was installed in 2011 as part of a sustainable landscape. Signage will highlight the link between healthy landscapes and healthy people. This site is a partnership between the Eastern Shore Rural Health System, Eastern Shore Soil and Water Conservation District, Alliance for the Chesapeake Bay, Virginia Coastal Zone Management Program, Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation and the Eastern Shore Resource Conservation and Development Council.
Onancock School - "Nature Trail"
This native landscape is along a trail and branch of Onancock Creek at the Onancock School. The first major planting in 2010 was funded by a Chesapeake Bay License Plate grant. Many local groups and businesses partnered in installation of the site including: Friends of Onancock School, T & W Block, Tidewater Growers, B.S. Troop 313, Garden Club of the Eastern Shore and S & T Construction. In the fall of 2013, a riparian buffer of native trees will be installed through a grant from the Chesapeake Bay Foundation and a raingarden will be installed with natives donated by Debedeavon Garden Club.
Town of Wachapreague Seaside Park - "Shoreline Native Plant Landscape"
This approximately 12,000 sq ft garden is located within Seaside Park at the edge of an Atlantic coastal marsh in the heart of Wachapreague. It showcases a diverse array of Eastern Shore native plants that are especially tolerant of salt water intrusion. The garden is a living testimony to the resilience of native plants having been flooded twice since installation! This site, maintained by the town with some assistance from Ivy Farms Nursery, was funded by the Virginia CZM Program and designed and installed by Kim Owen, a local landscape designer. The town has installed benches, donated by citizens in dedication to loved ones, and is considering the addition of a pergola for native vines and interpretive signage to highlight native plant benefits.
Willis Wharf Wildlife Observation Platform - "Shoreline Landscape"
The Eastern Shore natives planted at this demonstration site can tolerate bright sun and salt spray. The site was designed by Appleseed Nurseries, Inc, a local landscaper, and installed with assistance from Eastern Shore Master Naturalists. Maplewood Gardens has done a great job of helping to maintain the garden with the help of local citizens. The observation platform and native landscaping, funded by the Virginia CZM Program, served as a backdrop for the launch of the "Plant ES Natives" campaign on April 24, 2009.


text:
Mass Sheets
Weekly Leaflet
Bible Book Club
Spiritual Resourse
Serving the Parish
Occasional Offices
Bible Study Book Club
Christian Stewardship
PCC Data Protection Notice
Vicar's Data Protection Notice
Fr Russell's Licensing
Live-Stream Service
THE PARISH OF COLGATE & ROFFEY
DUE TO FR RUSSELL SELF-ISOLATING, THERE WILL BE NOW PUBLIC WORSHIP THIS SUNDAY (20th JANUARY)
Suspension of Public Worship
This week myself, together with the Churchwardens and PCC, have had to make the difficult decision to suspend public worship from today. This decision is not one that has been made lightly, but in the current climate with the increased spread of the Coronvirus, we feel that this is the right action to take. In the first instance, we have asked the Bishop for permission to suspend worship until 20th January. Together with myself, the churchwardens will keep our local situation under review to decide what course of action needs to be taken after this date. The Mass will continue to be celebrated on behalf of the parish daily and streamed live on our website and social media. The service sheets and newsletter will be updated to our website by Friday each week.
to website for the Parish of Colgate and Roffey.
St Saviours's is the parish church of Colgate which comprises of the Villages of Colgate and Faygate and the new housing development of Kilnwood Vale and is located in Forest Road and All Saints' is the parish church of Roffey located on Crawley Road (a few minutes drive from the centre of Horsham.)
Colgate and Roffey form a single parish within the Church of England's Diocese of Chichester. On Wednesday 20th September the parishes of Colgate and Roffey were merger by a pastoral scheme to form this new parish and Fr Russell was installed as the first Vicar.
As Anglican parish churches our worship comes from the Church of England's liturgies, 'Common Worship' and 'The Book of Common Prayer.' The worship at All Saints is in the 'high church' or 'anglo-catholic' style with a focus on the Sacraments and the beauty of holiness revealed through the dignity and ceremony of our worship. The worship at St Saviour's can be described as 'Central', which means it is slightly less ceremonial but is still dignified.
On Sundays, All Saints' has 3 different styles of Eucharistic worship starting with a quiet contemplative Mass at 8am then an All Age Mass with a focus on children at 9.15am and finally a Traditional Sung Mass at 10.30am. On the first Sunday of the Month, 10.30am congregations join with the congregation of St Saviour's to worship together at 11.00am at St Saviour's. All Saints Church has passed the House of Bishop's declaration on the ministry of Priest and Bishops and we are fully committed to upholding the five guiding principles to provide for mutual flourishing throughout the church.
As a parish, we have an active social life which helps draw our diverse, all-age congregations together.
As well as our Sunday Masses we also celebrate Mass on a Wednesday at 10am followed by coffee, Thursday at 7.00pm, Friday at 8.00am.
St Saviour's has 2 Sunday services each month. On the 1st Sunday of the month, the service is a Contemporary Sung Eucharist and the congregation is joined by those of All Saints and on the 3rd Sunday of each month, the Service is taken from the 1662 Book of Common Prayer. Both these services are at 11.00am. In addition, there is also a said Holy Communion service every Saturday Morning at 10.30am
Other services take place on major feast days, as well as during Lent, Advent and at other special times. These range from Stations of the Cross to a Children's Crib service.
We hope that you will come and join us. Whether you are visiting the area or looking for a church community to worship in, we assure you of a warm welcome as we come together to glorify God and share in fellowship as his children in this place.
Father Russell Stagg
Parish Priest & Vicar of Colgate and Roffey
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Philippine Supreme Court Jurisprudence > Year 1977 > July 1977 Decisions > G.R. Nos. L-24134-35 July 21, 1977 - BRADMAN COMPANY, INC. v. COURT OF INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS, ET AL.:
[G.R. Nos. L-24134-35. July 21, 1977.]
THE BRADMAN COMPANY, INC., Petitioner, v. COURT OF INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS and MANILA BAY WATCHMEN ASSOCIATION, Respondents.
Ozaeta, Gibbs & Ozaeta for Petitioner.
Gonzalo M. Tejada for Private Respondent.
FERNANDO, J.:
A vigorous plea for the reversal of a decision of respondent Court 1 finding petitioner guilty of an unfair labor practice for refusing to bargain collectively in good faith and requiring the reinstatement of fifty-nine workers, cannot avail in the light of the facts as found by such tribunal. Nor does the invocation of the constitutional rights to equal protection 2 and to the nonimpairment of contractual obligation, 3 call for a different conclusion in view of the social justice 4 and protection to labor mandates 5 that specifically call for application in labor controversies.
The decision sought to be reversed speaks for itself. On the question of the failure to bargain collectively, it was stated: "It appears that during the pendency of Case No. 744-MC, the complainant union [private respondent Manila Bay Watchmen Association] sent to, and received by, the Company on May 7, 1960, a letter . . . containing 11 sets of labor proposals for collective bargaining. The Company refused to act upon the union proposals, as testified to by Florendo M. Padilla, shipping manager of the company, viz: 'Q, — Did you, as shipping manager, did you make a reply to this demand filed by the Manila Bay Watchmen Association? A — No, I did not. As recommended by our president, Mr. Bradley, I did not make any written reply. If my memory serves me right, I did not make any written reply.' . . . (Italics supplied). The records also show that following the certification of the union by this Court on November 18, 1960 as the sole bargaining agent, as aforestated, it again sent a letter . . . to, and duly received by, the company on December 29, 1960, reiterating its labor demands of May 7, 1960 . . ., with the warning that the company's failure to take appropriate and prompt action on the labor proposals will force the union to take measures to protect its rights. In spite of the fact that all the while the company knows that the watchmen working on board its vessels are members of the union . . ., and that said union has been certified by this Court as the sole representative of all the watchmen or guards working in its vessels, the company still stubbornly resisted and disregarded the union's request and bargaining proposals.'These demands being made by the Manila Bay Watchmen Association, we disregarded the request and demands.' (t.s.n., p. 39, F. M. Padilla, ibid.) It could, therefore, be concluded under the foregoing established facts that there is clear and evident refusal to bargain collectively on the part of the management of respondent company." 6 As to the reinstatement ordered by the respondent Court, there is this excerpt from the appealed decision: "The evidence discloses that the company's vessel 'Eurymedon' was in the Port of Manila on January 2, 1961. In the morning of that day, the members of the complainant reported for work but were stopped from boarding the said ship by the manager of the company, Mr. Manzano, telling them that 'you have a case in Court, so we have already changed you with another watchmen, the Sea Watchmen Agency . . . It must be stressed that the testimonies of witnesses for the complainant to the effect that the union members were not allowed by respondent's manager, Mr. Manzano, to board the S/S Eurymedon on January 2, 1961, and that since then have been refused employment because they have filed a case in Court, was never refuted or denied by the Respondent. This fact and other facts and circumstances well established in the record clearly preponderate in favor of the complainant's claim that the discharge of the 59 subject-workers was due to union affiliation and activities of requesting union recognition and for better terms and conditions of employment and for bringing an action against the company before this Court." 7
The facts as found by respondent Court cannot be any clearer. It is a well-settled doctrine that they are well-nigh conclusive on this Tribunal except in the absence of a showing that they are not supported by substantial evidence. There is no such showing in this case. Both the petition and the brief filed by petitioner's counsel, the then law office of Ozaeta, Gibes and Ozaeta, are impressive for their scholarship. They cannot, in the light of what was found as established by respondent Court, justify, as noted at the outset, a reversal of the decision.
1.	Under the industrial Peace Act, 8 it was an unfair labor practice for an employer [t]o refuse to bargain collectively with the representatives of his employees subject to the provisions of sections thirteen and fourteen." 9 When there is such a refusal to bargain collectively by an employer was discussed at length in Herald Delivery Carriers Union v. Herald Publications, Inc.: 10" 1. the Industrial Peace Act specifically provides: 'In the absence of an agreement or other voluntary arrangement providing for a more expeditious manner of collective bargaining, it shall be the duty of an employer and the representative of his employees to bargain collectively in accordance with the provisions of this Act. Such duty to bargain collectively means the performance of the mutual obligation to meet and confer promptly and expeditiously and in good faith, for the purpose of negotiating an agreement with respect to wages, hours, and/or other terms and conditions of employment, and of executing a written contract incorporating such agreement if requested by either party, or for the purpose of adjusting any grievances or question arising under such agreement, but such duty does not compel any party to agree to a proposal or to make concession. . . . In the first case dealing with the above statutory provision, Buklod ng Saulog Transit v. Casalla, Justice Padilla for the Court made clear that the literal language be of the above section should be adhered to. Nor is it to be lost sight of that implicit in BCI Employees and Workers Union v. Mountain Province Workers Union, is the notion that the labor organization designated as the collective bargaining representative should have a reasonable time within which it could negotiate with the employer to conclude a collective bargaining agreement . . . It is worthy of note that this duty to bargain in good faith was given added dimension in Republic Savings Bank v. Court of Industrial Relations, where the then Justice, now Chief Justice, Castro, as ponente stated: 'For collective bargaining does not end with the execution of an agreement. It is a continuous process. The duty to bargain imposes on the parties during the term of their agreement the mutual obligation "to meet and confer promptly and expeditiously and in good faith . . . for the purpose of adjusting any grievances or question arising under such agreement" and a violation of this obligation is, by section 4(a) (6) and (b) (13) an unfair labor practice. That the same hospitable scope to the statutory command should be apparent in American law should occasion no surprise. The regime of collective bargaining would be a wreck if it were otherwise. Professor Archibald Cox, one of the most eminent authorities in the field, did note that even before the Wagner Act, the major source of our Industrial Peace Act, it was the prevailing view that a true collective bargaining agreement 'involves more than the holding of conferences and the exchange of pleasantries. . . . While the law does not compel the parties to reach agreement, it does contemplate that both parties will approach the negotiations with an open mind and will make a reasonable effort to reach expression in a later decision, with its stress on 'the incontestably sound principle' that the employer 'had a duty to negotiate in good faith with his employees' representatives, to match their proposals, if unacceptable, with counterproposals; and to make every reasonable effort to reach an agreement.' The Wagner Act called for a more explicit declaration. . . . Professor Cox added: 'Although the law cannot open a man's mind, it can at least compel him to conduct himself as if he were trying to persuade and were willing to be persuaded. To offer the union a contract saying, "Take it or leave it," is not bargaining collectively within the meaning of the act'" 11 In this particular decision, it was shown that respondent employer, after it was served with written bargaining proposals by petitioner union, acted unilaterally and without notice to the latter on the question of whether or not the work performed by the delivery and carrier workers should be assumed by the so-called independent contractors. It did not even bother to submit an answer or reply concerning the bargaining proposals submitted by petitioner. Instead, there was an evasion of duty to bargain collectively through unfulfilled promises of submitting an answer or counterproposal. It was quite clear, as found by respondent Court, that it betrayed indifference to its duty. So it is in this controversy. A similar resolution finding an unfair labor practice is thus indicated.
2.	Equally so, there can be no valid objection to the reinstatement ordered in the decision under review. The Industrial Peace Act cannot be any clearer: "If, after investigation, the Court shall be of the opinion that any person named in the complaint has engaged in or is engaging in any unfair labor practice, then the Court shall state its findings of fact and shall issue and cause to be served on such person an order requiring such person to cease and desist from such unfair labor practice and take such affirmative action as will effectuate the policies of this Act, including (but not limited to) reinstatement of employees with or without back-pay and including rights of the employees prior to dismissal including seniority." 12 As a matter of fact, the statute was quite categorical that the duty of respondent Court to take affirmative action included but was not limited to the "reinstatement of employees with or without backpay . . ." Petitioner certainly cannot he heard to allege that in requiring such reinstatement, there was an infringement both of the equal protection and nonimpairment guarantees of the Constitution. The futility of the equal protection plea is quite apparent. With the Constitution specifically committed to protection to labor, the more general provision on equal protection certainly does not call for application. Moreover, the very philosophy of the 1935 Constitution, stressed even more in the present fundamental law, calls for state solicitude and concern for the lower-income groups in our society. 13 With such explicit declaration, reliance on the general provision on equal protection is certainly misplaced. It is equally futile to rely on the prohibition against any law impairing the obligation of contracts. After a finding of an unfair labor practice, respondent had no choice except to assure the continuance in their work of the employees in question. So it was provided by the Industrial Peace Act It is a valid police power measure enacted pursuant to the constitutional mandates of social justice and protection to labor. The doctrine that the nonimpairment clause yields to the police power has an impress of orthodoxy. 14 It would be much too late in the day to characterize the statutory remedy of reinstatement as susceptible to such a reproach.
WHEREFORE, the decision of respondent Court, subject matter of this petition for review, is affirmed. Costs against petitioner.chanrobles virtual lawlibrary
Barredo, Antonio, Aquino, Concepcion Jr. and Santos, JJ., concur.
1.	The private respondent is Manila Bay Watchmen Association.
2.	According to Article III, Section 1 par. (1) of the 1935 Constitution applicable at the time the assailed decision was rendered: No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, nor shall any person be denied the equal protection of the laws." The equal protection clause is reproduced in identical language in Article IV, Section 1 of the present Constitution.
3.	According to Article III, Section 1, par. (10) of the 1935 Constitution: "No law impairing the obligation of contracts shall be passed." The non-impairment clause is reproduced in identical language in Article IV, Section 11 of the present Constitution.
4.	According to Article II, Section 5 of the 1935 Constitution: "The promotion of social justice to insure the well-being and economic security of all the people should be the concern of the State." The present Constitution has expanded and made more specific the social justice provision. Cf. Article II, Section 6.
5.	According to Article XIV, Section 6 of the 1935 Constitution: "The State shall afford protection to labor, especially the working women and minors and shall regulate the relations between landowner and tenant, and between labor and capital in industry and in agriculture. The State may provide for compulsory arbitration." The present Constitution likewise vitalized further this mandate by enumerating specifically the mode in which labor should be protected. Cf. Article II, Section 9.
6.	Annex E to Petition, 6-7.
7.	Ibid, 7-10.
8.	Republic Act No. 875 (1953).
9.	Ibid, Section 4(a), par. 6.
10.	L-29966, February 28, 1974, 55 SCRA 713.
11.	Ibid, 718-720. The Buklod decision is reported in 99 Phil. 16 (1956); the BCI Employees decision, L-23813, Dec. 29, 1965, in 15 SCRA 650; the Republic Savings Bank decision, L-20303, Sept. 27, 1967, in 21 SCRA 226. The citation from Professor Cox came from his article, The Duty to Bargain in Good Faith, 71 Harv. Law Rev. 1401, 1405 (1934).
12.	Republic Act No. 275, Section 5 (c).
13.	Cf. Antamok Goldfields Mining Co. v. Court, 70 Phil. 340 (1940). Article II, Section 9 of the present Constitution reads: "The State shall afford protection to labor, promote full employment and equality in employment, ensure equal work opportunities regardless of sex, race, or creed, and regulate the relations between workers and employers. The State shall assure the rights of workers to self-organization, collective bargaining, security of tenure, and just and humane conditions of work. The State may provide for compulsory arbitration."cralaw virtua1aw library
14.	Philippine American Life Insurance Co. v. The Auditor General, L-19255, Jan. 18, 1968, 22 SCRA 136.


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Star political writer Steve Kraske pursues an interesting hobby each election year. He collects political mailers â€" those outsized campaign postcards stuffing your mailbox â€" so he can get a taste of what candidates are saying.
It's hard to look at the mailers without falling into despair. It would take a dozen reporters a dozen years to scrutinize even a portion of the false claims in the pieces. Better to toss them in the trash.Political TV commercials used to be different, you know. Sure, they contained misleading claims and distortions, but they were much more focused than mailers, allowing a crisper examination of how accurate they are.Sadly, that's changed. At one time politicians actually worried about untrue TV commercials, quickly yanking them if they violated standards of fairness and accuracy. No more. In the rubble of a media multiverse, fact-checkers are now a mere speed bump for candidates.The Barack Obama super PAC ad last week, implying Mitt Romney didn't care if the wife of a local steelworker died without health coverage, is the latest example. The barely-seen ad was riddled with distortions (although it wasn't the worst ad ever, as some claimed â€" remember, Lyndon Johnson implied Barry Goldwater would start a nuclear war.)Still, the ad played on, getting far more attention than it would have if we had simply thrown it in the trash where it belonged.Romney's choice of U.S. Rep. Paul Ryan for the GOP ticket is widely seen as evidence the presidential campaign is moving beyond such superficial garbage into something meaningful. I hope so, but I have my doubts.It could be meaningful if both campaigns pledge not only to discuss real issues but also to discuss them fully. On Saturday Ryan pledged to "preserve and protect" Medicare, then accused Democrats of cutting $700 billion in Medicare growth to pay for part of the Affordable Care Act.But Ryan's own budget assumes the same $700 billion cut in Medicare growth. The difference is how the spending is cut: The White House wants government bureaucrats to squeeze health care costs; Republicans want insurance bureaucrats to do it. That's the argument we should have.Last week, Sen. Claire McCaskill put up a website with strongly conservative votes and statements from opponent U.S. Rep. Todd Akin, perhaps expecting outrage from the Akin camp. Nope, a spokesman said, those votes are pretty much what Akin believes.It was a stunning moment, distilling Missouri's Senate race into real, distinct choices. Let's hope Akin and McCaskill skip the postcards this fall. But look for Romney and Obama missives in your mailbox sometime soon.


1. __________________ The FDA proposed rules last week for e-cigarettes that would include prohibiting sales to anyone under 18 and require manufacturers to submit their products for FDA approval.
2. __________________ The FDA's proposed rules for e-cigarettes did not include banning advertising or require manufacturers to disclose ingredients.
3. __________________ Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu suspended peace talks with the Palestinians last week after Fatah and Hamas agreed to work together to form a unity government.
5. __________________ In January the U.S. military updated its policy on religious accommodation, ruling that it would be a problem for soldiers to dress according to their religious custom if it interfered with good order and discipline within their units.
6. __________________ Sikhs, Muslims, Jews and other groups that wear beards, long hair or articles of clothing such as turbans and yarmulkes are expected to be affected by the Army's dress policy that was approved in January.
7. __________________ After two deaths resulted from people who took overdoses from purchasing legal amounts of marijuana, the Colorado Department of Revenue, which oversees legal marijuana sales and manufacturing, announced they would work to outlaw recreational edible marijuana.
8. __________________ The state of Colorado considers 10mg of THC a serving of the drug but 100mg (10 servings) can legally be put in one single piece of pot candy.
9. __________________ Russian Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Rogozin, who is in charge of the Russian space program and was sanctioned by the U.S. because of the Ukraine crisis, tweeted this week that the U.S. should get their astronauts to the ISS using a pogo stick.
10. __________________ The U.S. currently pays Russia about $71 million per seat to transport our astronauts to the ISS because it's cheaper than using our own space shuttles.


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Nicholas Day may refer to:

 Saint Nicholas Day, the feast day of St Nicholas
 Nicholas Day (actor) (born 1947), British actor
 Nick Day (statistician) (born 1939), British statistician and cancer epidemiologist
 Nick Day (film director), British born, US-based filmmaker
 Nicolas Day (born 1955), Australian wildlife illustrator

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Imoke Denies Plan To Be PDP National Chairman
Cross River State Governor, Liyel Imoke, has debunked rumours that he was working to succeed Alhaji Adamu Mu'azu as the National Chairman of the Peoples … Continue reading Imoke Denies Plan To Be PDP National Chairman
By K Akintoye
Cross River State Governor, Liyel Imoke
Cross River State Governor, Liyel Imoke, has debunked rumours that he was working to succeed Alhaji Adamu Mu'azu as the National Chairman of the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP).
PDP National Chairman, Adamu Mu'azu
The Governor described as false, publications in some national dailies and some online reports that he was working closely with some chieftains of the party to become the next National Chairman of PDP.
The Governor, while briefing newsmen at the Margaret Ekpo International Airport on his arrival from Abuja, maintained that having been in the public limelight for 16 years, it is necessary that he takes a bow out of any political office.
He further stated that while out of office, he intends to remain a loyal party member and supporter in rebuilding the party following the defeat PDP faced at the last elections.
There were reports during the week that the National Chairman of the PDP, Adamu Muazu, who before now was addressed as "the game changer", might have jetted out of the country to evade being forced to convene a meeting of the National Executive Committee (NEC) of the party, where he may be akin to resign.
There has been a lot of concern by the PDP leadership over the party's loss in the 2015 general elections, leading the party to the inauguration of a post-election committee, headed by the Deputy Senate President, Senator Ike Ekweremadu.
The Senate President, David Mark, warned that unless the in-fighting in the PDP is brought to an end, the party may be "heading for final destruction" adding that the emerging factions in the party were absolutely unnecessary.
9ja News Adamu Muazu Breaking news channels television channels tv news channelstv channelstv.com David Mark Deputy Senate President Liyel Imoke Margaret EKpo Naija gist Nigeria Nigerian News Nollywood PDP PM News premiumtimesng.com punchng.com River state Governor saharareporters.com Senate President Senator Ike Ekweremadu top stories Vanguard newspaper
Agriculture Development: Ogun Govt. Provides Fertilizers At Subsidised Rate
Cash Haul: Nigeria Is Being Exposed To Unprecedented Ridicule – Falana
Fuel Theft: Senate Asks NNPC To Go Beyond Sacking Officials
Oil Marketers Raise Alarm Over Alleged Threat To Shut Fuel Stations In Rivers
PDP Suspension: My Right To Fair Hearing Violated, Says Nnamani
Elections: National Peace Committee, INEC, Candidates Meet Over Accord Violations


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benifiion of iron ore
Strong Magnetic Iron Ore Beneficiation Process - Xinhai
The increasing demand of iron ore at home and abroad further stimulates the development of the global iron ore beneficiation industry. As one of the leading enterprises in domestic mineral processing industry, Xinhai has been dedicated commitment to the research and development of iron ore process, technology and equipment for more than 20 years.
Iron Ore Beneficiation Process
Thus, if from an iron ore containing 48 per cent iron, as mined, 6 per cent moisture be abstracted, it yields a product of approximately 51 per cent iron. Considerable money has been spent in developing the drying of iron ore, and the results have been very satisfactory.
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Fine and Coarse Iron Ore Beneficiation – An Evaluation into Global Technologies and Techniques L M van Niekerk1 1. Senior Process Engineer, DRA Pacific, PO Box 1283, West Perth WA 6005. Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT The mining of iron ore is a high volume low margin business because the value of this commodity is
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Iron ore is an important raw material for steel producers, generally less than 50% grade iron ore can be smelting for use after beneficiation. Iron ore is also used as a catalyst for ammonia (pure magnetite), natural mineral pigments (hematite, limonite), feed additives (magnetite, hematite,) and valuable constructive criticism (magnetite) and ...
Iron Ore Beneficiation - University of Newcastle
Iron Ore Beneficiation Introduction. Iron Ore Beneficiation increases the grade of iron whilst maximising recovery and reduces the content of ultrafine low grade slimes to maximise return on investment from the mining process prior to sale or further refining in the iron making process.
BENEFICIATION OF IRON ORE - ethesis
2.2 Resources/Reserves of iron ore deposit in India 7 2.3 Processing of Iron ore in India 8 2.4 Slimes of Iron ore 11 3. BENEFICIATION PLANT STUDY OF NOAMUNDI IRON ORE …
Iron Ore Beneficiation Research Papers - Academia.edu
Beneficiation of -2 mm low-grade iron ore tailings (50.7% Fe, 10.8% SiO2 and 4.4% Al2O3) from Western Australia was studied. The sample consisted of hydrohematite, goethite and quartz, with lesser kaolinite and shale.
Beneficiation of iron ore - Home | Facebook
Beneficiation of iron ore August 9, 2016 · Large double row self-aligning roller bearing with low friction force is used to replace sliding bearing, which is easy to start and saves 20-30% energy
used beneficiation equipment for iron ore
Iron ore pellet is a type of agglomerated iron ore fines which has better tumbler index when compared with that of parent iron ore and can be used as a substitute of lump ore for the production of direct reduced iron (DRI) and in blast furnaces for the production of hot metal.
Iron Ore Processing Equipment - Star Trace Pvt. Ltd.
Iron Ore Processing Equipment. The globally challenging supply situation of energy recourses and raw materials such as oil, gas and ores is triggering rising demand of energy recources. This generates the upsurge of raw material requirements for iron ore as well.
Advanced Process Iron Ore Beneficiation Plant ...
Advanced Process Iron Ore Beneficiation Plant Manufacturers Product Description Our company's Gold Beneficiation equipment get the user's praise by its advanced technology and excellent quality, many enterprises at home and abroad and order the products of our company.
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Based on extensive beneficiation testwork, the Beneficiation Feed Ore Reserves are expected to produce 378 Mt of final product grading 60.5-61.5% Fe, with impurity levels comparable with other West Australian direct shipping hematite ore (DSO) iron ore producers.
Iron Ore Beneficiation & Processing Fundamentals | Informa ...
This means that while iron ore is a bulk commodity, the market for some ores is very limited. The course is designed to explain what the users of iron ore are looking for in both physical and chemical properties and how processing the ore can create the necessary properties.
Iron Ore Beneficiation - YouTube
Nov 12, 2015· The process developed basically involves crushing, classification, processing of lumps, fines and slimes separately to produce concentrate suitable as lump and sinter fines and for pellet making.
Iron Ore Beneficiation Plant - YouTube
Dec 12, 2013· In iron ore mining, miner usually choose a complete iron ore crushing plant for metallurgy. Iron ore beneficiation process Almost all of the iron ore that is …
Beneficiation Technology
Iron Ore Industry. Most commercial grade iron ore bodies do not require beneficiation to produce a saleable product. Low grade iron ore bodies can be beneficiated using the DEC Flotation column and produce a saleable product at a low production cost per ton.
Beneficiation of Iron Ore - Mineral Processing & Metallurgy
The Iron Ore Process Flowsheet. The iron ore beneficiation flowsheet presented is typical of the large tonnage magnetic taconite operations. Multi-parallel circuits are necessary, but for purposes of illustration and description a single circuit is shown and described.
Beneficiation - definition of beneficiation by The Free ...
Brazil's Council on Environmental Policy awarded Anglo American the environmental operating license for its Minas-Rio iron ore mine and beneficiation plant on September 29. Anglo American receives Minas-Rio operating license.
Iron Ore - Mineral Technologies
Iron Ore Beneficiation Solutions Across Project Lifecycle Metallurgical Testing To be confident in investing in a project, you need to know that the separation process will work on start-up and throughout the life of the operation.
Beneficiation Plants and Pelletizing Plants for Utilizing ...
1. Iron ore - supply and demand outline 1.1 Types of iron ore Iron ores can be classified in different ways. The most important has to do with the iron content. In many cases, ore with a total iron content of 60% to 63%, or greater, is regarded as high grade, and ore with a lower iron …
Beneficiation of an iron ore fines by magnetization ...
The beneficiation of a hematite ore fines with magnetization roasting and magnetic separation was proposed and studied. ... The results demonstrated that the application of magnetization roasting in iron ore beneficiation was prospective to the efficient exploitation and utilization of refractory iron …
What Is Iron Ore Beneficiation? (with pictures) - wisegeek.com
Jan 23, 2019· Iron ore beneficiation is a multi-stage process that raw iron ore undergoes to purify it prior to the process of smelting, which involves melting the ore to remove the metal content. The process of iron ore beneficiation has two complementary goals and these define the methods used to refine it.
china limonite iron ore beneficiation - perkinspreschool.com
Aug 26, 2018· Optimal Recovery of Iron Values from a Low Grade Iron Ore using . Mar 26, 2014 A low grade iron ore containing 51.6% Fe, 17.6% SiO2, 4.3% Al2O3, and . also being used commercially for the beneficiation of hematite ore.
Beneficiation of Indian High Alumina Iron Ore Fines a Case ...
beneficiation plant which will guide the selection of certain process equipments for the development of scheme to recover of the iron values from the mine ore fines or slime fraction. 2. Feed Material The iron ore fines sample was collected from the spiral classifier overflow of a typical Iron ore beneficiation plant of Noamundi, India.
Advances in Low Grade Iron Ore Beneficiation
iron ore is expected to rise by more than 200 million tonne per year to meet the internal demand & export. This additional requirement of iron ore will need beneficiation of low grade ore/fines to get the major portion of increased demand. This paper deals in brief to use of available methodologies for beneficiation of iron ore in Indian context.
Iron ore - Wikipedia
Iron ore is the raw material used to make pig iron, which is one of the main raw materials to make steel—98% of the mined iron ore is used to make steel. Indeed, it has been argued that iron ore is "more integral to the global economy than any other commodity, except perhaps oil".
Beneficiation - Wikipedia
In the mining industry or extractive metallurgy, beneficiation is any process that improves (benefits) the economic value of the ore by removing the gangue minerals, which results in a higher grade product (concentrate) and a waste stream .
Processes for Beneficiation of Iron Ores | ispatguru.com
Processes for Beneficiation of Iron Ores Iron is an abundant element in the earth's crust averaging from 2 % to 3 % in sedimentary rocks to 8.5 % in basalt and gabbro. Because iron is present in many areas, it is of relatively low value and thus a deposit must have a high percentage of metal to be considered ore grade.
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TRANSCRIPT: DOORSTOP INTERVIEW - CANBERRA - WEDNESDAY, 18 SEPTEMBER 2019
Posted by Isabella Pytka 951pc on September 18, 2019
SHADOW MINISTER FOR EDUCATION AND TRAINING
E&OE TRANSCRIPT
DOORSTOP INTERVIEW
SUBJECTS: Low apprenticeship numbers; Cuts to TAFE and training; Family law inquiry; Homelessness; Gladys Liu.
TANYA PLIBERSEK, SHADOW MINISTER FOR EDUCATION AND TRAINING: Labor leader Anthony Albanese is speaking with the Business Council of Australia today, talking about Labor's relationship with the business community and one of things he will be talking about is the training gap in this country today. In a recent survey, three quarters of businesses said that they couldn't find a suitable workforce they need. We have got 1.8 million Australians who are unemployed or underemployed, and apprentice and trainee numbers have fallen of a cliff. There are 150,000 fewer apprentices and trainees today than there were when the Liberals came to office. There are fewer apprentices and trainees today than there were ten years ago. There are more people who are dropping out of their apprenticeships than completing them today. We have seen billions of dollars cut from TAFE and training and this is leading to the extinction of the Australian tradie. We've got shortages in areas - hairdressing, pastry chefs, motor mechanics, electricians, carpenters, builders - shortages right across the skilled trades. We could be training those 1.8 million unemployed and underemployed Australians for those great jobs but Scott Morrison, on his watch, has turned his back on training those people and filling the skills shortages that business are complaining about. There should never be a time in Australia where skill shortages co-exist with unemployed and underemployed young people, particularly as we are cutting investment in training up those people. It just doesn't make sense. Any questions?
JOURNALIST: Just on a separate matter, in relation to the Family Court inquiry. Do you think that, I mean, advocates have been saying we've been waiting too long for this system to be fit for purpose. Do you think that that is fair?
PLIBERSEK: Look, I think it is very fair for people who interact with the family law system to say that change is long overdue. We've seen a very comprehensive report from the Australian Law Reform Commission - we can absolutely begin to implement the recommendations of that report before waiting for this new report to be completed. There are some very sensible suggestions that have been made after a deep study of the family law system - we don't need to wait to implement those recommendations. That doesn't mean that it's not also beneficial to hear from people who are interacting with the family law system about issues like the impact of family violence in the family law system and the impact that long delays and expensive procedures have on getting justice through the family law system.
JOURNALIST: Do you think the Government should shelve it's legislation to merge the Family and Federal Courts until this inquiry is done?
PLIBERSEK: Absolutely, this is a deeply troubling move. We should be looking for more specialisation in dealing with family law, not less specialisation. Where we have seen, for example, domestic violence courts set up in the states, we've seen the benefit that having judicial officers who are familiar with the impact of domestic violence. Having that speciality in the court has been very beneficial for the victims of violence.
JOURNALIST: We've got a number of mayors coming from around the country today to talk to the Government about homelessness and highlight the issue of capital cities. As Member for Sydney, do you think that more should be done (inaudible)?
PLIBERSEK: Absolutely. This Government has completely dropped the ball on homelessness. It is so disappointing that when the Liberals first came to office, they gave up on the previous Labor Government's target of halving the rate of homelessness in Australia. And we have seen the impact of that - in funding decisions, in the lack of attention to homelessness. It is completely unacceptable that in a country as wealthy as Australia, we have - I think at last count about 16,000 rough sleepers on any given night, maybe 160,000 in Australia all up are homeless. It is completely unacceptable and when Labor was last in Government we invested in about 80 new homelessness services, including in my electorate - terrific services like the new Common Ground facility and Annie Green Court in Redfern for frail, aged homeless people. We invested in new services, assertive outreach services that would go to where homeless people were congregating and offer them a pathway into housing. We invested in tens of thousands of new units of public housing and affordable housing through the National Rental Affordability Scheme. That's the kind of investment we should be seeing from this Federal Government. Instead they have turned their backs on homeless Australians.
JOURNALIST: Just on the latest with Gladys Liu, Scott Morrison received praise in a highly nationalist Chinese newspaper, is that (inaudible)?
PLIBERSEK: Look, I'm not going to comment on the business of opinion written in overseas newspapers but I would say this – it is only ever been Scott Morrison that has pretended that these questions are about the whole Chinese community in Australia. They are absolutely not. They are about one Member of Parliament who should go into the Parliament, into the House of Representatives Chamber and explain her view, explain and answer the questions that have been asked about her donations and donations to her campaigns and so on. This is about one Member of Parliament. Scott Morrison is happy to go full bore when it's one of ours and he wants to run a protection racket when it's one of his. It's unacceptable. This is a test of leadership for Scott Morrison. He should insist that Gladys Liu go into the House of Representatives chamber and answer the questions that have been raised.
JOURNALIST: (inaudible) volunteers during the campaign, when there was the prospect of internships in her office?
PLIBERSEK: Yes. I'm not going to comment on individual questions that have been asked about allegations relating to volunteers, relating to fundraising activities and so on, and membership of organisations. It is for Ms Liu to explain her position in the House of Representatives chamber. These are very serious questions that have been raised not, in fact, by Labor but through the media and it's important that Gladys Liu has the respect for the House of Representatives, or the Parliament, to go into the chamber and make clear her position on these allegations. Thanks everyone.
ENDS


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Distributed systems and ambiguous histories
Submitted by Rachel on August 15, 2017
Imagine you are standing at the ATM at the airport, just about to head off on your long awaited summer holiday. It seems you and the bank don't agree about when your pay was deposited and when a withdrawal was made, resulting in a hefty overdraft fee and one less G&T by the pool! Catastrophe! And one that hinges on the definition of events in computer science, and how to order them.
How many sleeps?
A simple example of a program:
n = DAYS("25/12/2017", TODAY())
OUTPUT "Only " n " sleeps till Christmas!"
OUTPUT "Don't forget to be good!"
When most of us think of how a computer program runs, we think of it as a series of distinct events occurring one after the other (such as the very simple example in the box on the right). Without much thought, we have assumed that there is no ambiguity in the order in which these events occurred. The history of the program would be clear, something we could follow on a linear timeline.
This isn't surprising, explains Leslie Lamport, principal researcher at Microsoft Research and winner of the 2013 Turing Award. "The concept of time is fundamental to our way of thinking. [Our sense of time] is derived from the more basic concepts of the order in which events occur." The concept of being able to order events, according to some timeline, pervades the way we think of any set of events, including those that occur inside a computer program.
Programs with such an unambiguous history are called processes: a sequence of events where it is clear which events happened before others. In mathematics this set of events is said to be totally ordered. For any two events in the process (say, A and B), you can always say which happened first: either A happened before B or B happened before A.
Here "happened before" is called a relation, something that orders a set of objects, in this case, the set of events. A more familiar example is the relation "less than" (<) that orders all the integers. For any two distinct integers a and b, you can always say that a < b or b < a. The integers are totally ordered by the relation "less than".
Unsurprisingly, as this is the way we intuitively perceive events, the first programs in computer science were written as processes. But since the late 1970s there is another option: writing programs as distributed systems. A distributed system is a bunch of distinct processes occurring in difference places, but that communicate with one another by exchanging messages.
A partial map of the Internet based on 2005 data found on The Opte Project. CC BY 2.5.
Such systems are now central to our lives. Every day when we use our phones or computers we are using a distributed system within that device, where the central processing unit (CPU), memory units and input-output channels (such as the keyboard, mouse, touch screens, display screens, microphones and speakers) are all separate, communicating processes. And when we use the internet to browse the web or keep in touch by email or social media we are using a distributed system where the different processes (the web browser on my computer, the internet router, the web server) are vastly separated by distance.
This spatial separation of the processes is often the advantage of distributed systems. For example we couldn't imagine using a banking system that wasn't distributed. You can deposit your money in one place, say the bank branch on the local high street, and withdraw money from another, say from the ATM (cash machine) at the airport as you leave on your holiday.
But the complication of a distributed system, made up of events happening in different processes, says Lamport, is that "it is sometimes impossible to say that one of two events occurred first. The relation 'happened before' is therefore only a partial ordering of the events in the system." This could lead to serious consequences. It's clear that totally ordering the events in the banking system is vital, so that you can decide if a deposit occurred before a withdrawal, to make sure that people don't overdraw their accounts.
Ambiguous histories
To illustrate this, consider the spacetime diagram below. (You might have heard of spacetime diagrams if you've ever studied theoretical physics, in particular, special relativity – the connection is not a coincidence and will be explained in the next article.) The horizontal direction represents space, different locations for different processes. And the vertical direction represents time – time moves up the page, later times being higher than earlier times. In these diagrams, dots denote events, vertical lines are the processes, and wave lines denote the messages between different processes.
A spacetime diagram of a distributed system made up of three processes P, Q and R.
Looking at such a diagram we see that we can say an event "happened before" an event (written ) if we can go from to in the diagram by moving forward in time (ie, going up) along process and message lines. For example in the diagram above we can see that .
It is possible in distributed systems for two events to be concurrent: for these two events and it is impossible to say that "happened before" or that "happened before" . For example in the diagram above, even though the drawing suggests happened at an earlier time than , we cannot know this is true as there is no direct path along process or message lines from to . These two events are concurrent.
This diagram illustrates a distributed program, where the work of the program is split up amongst many different processes, each of which executes its own program, or series of events. Problems can arise if an event in one process, say one using a particular piece of data, occurs concurrently with an event in another process that modifies that piece of data. For example if you are doing a calculation with the value of some variable X in one process, while concurrently, in another process, the value of X is being modified by some other calculation.
"If this [calculation] is using a piece of data that's being modified by another process, then the abstraction of the execution of this calculation being a single event is no longer an accurate representation of what's going on," says Lamport. "There's an interaction between the innards of this atomic event and what's going on someplace else."
Such unforeseen interactions could have dire consequences, as we will find out in our next article Violating causality.
This article is part of our Stuff happens: the physics of events project, run in collaboration with FQXi. Click here to see more articles and videos about the role of events, special relativity and logical clocks in distributed computing.
Rachel Thomas is Editor of Plus. She interviewed Leslie Lamport in September 2016 at the Heidelberg Laureate Forum.
A cute problem goes big
Mathematicians have revived an old approach to solving the famous Riemann hypothesis.
Stuff happens


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The Wisconsin High School Theatre Festival reaches more than 1,700 Wisconsin high school students, teachers, and other theatre professionals. We partner with Footlights for a professional theatre-style printed program, and offer sponsorship opportunities with signage at the event and program advertising incentives.
Display advertising in the program booklet not only helps support programming to keep performing arts vital in the lives of young people, but it raises awareness of your products/services used by directors, as well as institutions of higher learning looking to recruit students.
Use links to the right of each above for dimensioned templates. Ads must be submitted as PDF format. High-resolution scans should be supplied at 300 dpi, line art at 600 dpi, and should be saved as PDF. Color images must be saved as CMYK. All printer and screen fonts must be provided or saved as outlines. Publications are printed heat set web and/or sheet fed offset and saddle stitched. Advertisements should be uploaded as part of the application/booking process, and must be received and finalized by October 15, 2019.
The $150 exhibit fee ($25 discount if paid before October 1) includes 1 display table, 2 chairs and 2 name badges that allow you access to all festival activities (excluding showcase performances), and listing in the printed Footlights program (see above for additional advertising options).
Changes for 2019: We will offer free coffee and light snacks for exhibitors throughout the exhibiting periods during the festival! We are adding this in lieu of providing parking permits. At UW-Milwaukee, parking permits will not be provided. The Union Garage is the closest parking location, and guests may use a pay station or the ParkMobile app; plus, exhibitors may find it more cost effective to use mass transportation or a shared ride service from lodging to the university. Detailed parking information is available from the main festival page.
All advertisements, vending booths, and sponsorships must be finalized by October 15, 2019, to make the publication deadline.
Exhibitors must provide their own table linens, extension cables, and power strips.
Internet access must be booked by the initial exhibit application deadline. WIFI is free; wired (ethernet) connections may require an additional fee to exhibitor for cabling service.
Exhibit tables are not assigned; select space on a first come, first served basis. Additional tables are $100/ea.
Noise/visual elements from booths must not affect the presentation of other exhibitors.
Only the WHSFA may sell T-shirts, drawstring backpacks, magnets, and pens. No other vendor may sell T-shirts of any kind, other than those that are clearly for the purpose of staging costume.
Additional exhibit staff (beyond the allowed 2 persons) will be charged $10 per person.
Exhibits are expected to remain for the entire exhibiting period during the festival, unless prior arrangements/special requests have been made with festival management.
Exhibitors must take all materials, including trash, with them at the conclusion of their vending period. A maintenance fee may be assessed if an exhibitor's area is left disorderly or damaged.
Exhibit pricing is for the entire festival; partial pricing is not available. Refunds only will be given for exhibits cancelled at least 48 hours prior to the beginning of the initial exhibit setup period, and minus any credit card processing fees. All fees must be paid prior to the start of the festival. Exhibitors with unpaid fees will not be permitted to attend.
The WHSFA reserves the right to refuse reservations to any exhibitor.
Items may be shipped ahead of the festival; open the toggle below to read information specific to this year's festival.
See parking information on the main festival page; exhibitors are responsible for providing their own parking (new in 2019).
We will, however, provide refreshments/snacks for exhibitors throughout the exhibiting periods.
NOTE: Submitting an Exhibiting Application indicates your knowledge, understanding, and acceptance of the WHSTF Exhibiting Guidelines. If you do not agree to the guidelines, do not submit an Exhibiting Application.
The WHSFA retains the right to amend guidelines as necessary and where required by university policy or local laws. Exhibitors will be notified of any guidelines changes immediately.
– Exhibitors are responsible for making arrangements for return shipping.
– Shipped items will be brought to the exhibiting area.
All exhibitors should unload Thursday through the main front doors of the UWM Peck School of the Arts.
All advertisements, vending booths, and sponsorships must be finalized by October 15, 2019, to make the publication deadline. Advertisements included as part of sponsorship should be uploaded as part of the application/booking process.


A faster way to pay suppliers marks a new era for international trade as it helps companies unlock working capital and improve cash flow. Bank Payment Obligations (BPOs) are one tool among many though, so companies should think carefully about when to use them.
BPOs are a clear sign of the overall direction international trade finance is taking – more automation leading to greater efficiency. The International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) and global financial messaging giant SWIFT believe they will play a key role in supporting the future development of international trade. They are a payment obligation between banks that involves exchanging data electronically. This enables faster, cheaper payments and better capital management, and they can be used to cover the underlying risk or finance the amount owed. Businesses started looking at them more closely as an alternative means of trade settlement last year when they were endorsed by the ICC, which issued a set of rules on them – the Uniform Rules for Bank Payment Obligation (URBPO). Companies and industries with advanced supply chains – strong links between buyer and seller and technology systems in place – have already started thinking carefully about BPOs. Early indicators show interest mounting in the energy and commodities sectors in particular. BPOs are, however, just one trade payment mechanism or trade finance tool among many — including letters of credit (L/Cs) and guarantees. How useful they are depends heavily on the relationship between the buyer and seller. Their main advantage is that they are based on the exchange of data rather than documents, which underpin the majority of today's largely paper-based trade. They therefore might be right when there is a long-standing relationship between trading partners – so they trust each other – and they want to move away from the time-consuming process of ploughing through documents. On the other hand, less documentation means more risk if anything goes wrong. We've seen the consequences of ignoring such risks before. L/Cs and open account trade were the traditional tools for conducting international trade until about 10 years ago when companies moved towards a direct open account system. This involved buyers agreeing terms and paying when they received the goods, with no banks taken on to cover any shortfall if a problem arose. Fiercely competitive export markets meant foreign buyers pressed exporters for this form of financing because it was so straightforward. But the financial crisis exposed the inherent risks involved when a payment could not be made. Corporates operating in the open account space moved back to more secure instruments such as L/Cs and guarantees. SWIFT set up BPOs as a more secure form of open account trade that could still streamline the process. When using a BPO, a buyer's bank commits to paying a specific amount to the seller's bank if the trade data they submit to a central platform successfully matches up. That platform is the Transaction Matching Application (TMA) set up by SWIFT. Banks need to subscribe to this to offer BPO services. It matches data between banks to the preagreed rules automatically. Consistency is ensured through the use of a 'dictionary' of common data. It is based on the XML ISO 20022 trade services management message type (TSMT).
Disclaimer: No representation, warranty, or assurance of any kind, express or implied, is made as to the accuracy or completeness of the information contained in this document and no member of the RBS Group accepts any obligation to any recipient to update or correct any information contained herein. This document is published for information purposes only and does not constitute an analysis of all potentially material issues. Views expressed herein are not intended to be and should not be viewed as advice or as a recommendation. You should take independent advice in respect of issues that are of concern to you. This document does not constitute an offer to buy or sell, nor a solicitation of an offer to buy or sell any investment, nor does it constitute an offer to provide any products or services that is capable of acceptance to form a contract. The products and services described in this document may be provided by any member of the RBS Group, subject to signing appropriate contractual documentation. No member of the RBS Group shall be liable for any direct, indirect, special, incidental, consequential, punitive or exemplary damages, including lost profits arising in any way from the information contained in this communication. The Royal Bank of Scotland plc (RBS plc) is registered in Scotland No. 90312 with its Registered Office at 36 St Andrew Square, Edinburgh EH2 2YB. It is authorised by the Prudential Regulation Authority and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority and the Prudential Regulation Authority. The Royal Bank of Scotland N.V. (RBS NV) is authorised by De Nederlandsche Bank and is regulated by the Autoriteit Financiele Markten for the conduct of business in The Netherlands. RBS plc is in certain jurisdictions an authorised agent of RBS NV and RBS NV is in certain jurisdictions an authorised agent of RBS plc. RBS plc or RBS NV is authorised and regulated in Hong Kong by the Hong Kong Monetary Authority, in Singapore by the Monetary Authority of Singapore, in Japan by the Financial Services Agency of Japan, in Australia by the Australian Securities and Investments Commission and the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority ABN 30 101 464 528 (AFS Licence No. 241114) and in the US by the New York Department of Financial Services, the State of Connecticut Department of Banking, the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston and the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. In the United States, securities activities are undertaken by RBS Securities Inc., which is a FINRA/SIPC member and a subsidiary of The Royal Bank of Scotland Group plc. Copyright 2013 RBS plc. All rights reserved. The daisy device logo, RBS, and The Royal Bank of Scotland are trade marks of RBS plc and the RBS Group Members. This communication is for the use of intended recipients only and the contents may not be reproduced, redistributed, or copied in whole or in part for any purpose without RBS' prior express consent.


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Court rules in favor of SEC in Kik 'initial coin offering' lawsuit
The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission has won its lawsuit against Kik Interactive Inc. for conducting an alleged illegal initial coin offering in 2017.
The finding today in favor of the SEC came via a motion for summary judgment from the United States District Court South District of New York after both sides had filed for summary judgments in a case that was filed in June 2019.
The SEC alleged in its lawsuit that the ICO offered by Kik was illegal because the company sold tokens to U.S. investors without registering the offer and sale as required by U.S. security laws. Kik raised $98 million in the ICO in 2017, including $50 million in presales for Kin, an Ethereum blockchain-based cryptocurrency that was pitched both as allowing the company to expand Kik's features and supporting developers with an open app ecosystem.
While the SEC argued that Kik sold the Kin tokens as an investment opportunity, Kik argued that the ICO was for a currency and hence was not subject to securities law.
The judge agreed with the SEC while noting that there was little precedent for the case, Decrypt reported. The ruling came down to the so-called Howey test created by the Supreme Court in 1946 to ascertain whether certain transactions qualify as investment contracts under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934.
One of the biggest issues for Kik's argument is that it had itself described the Kin tokens as securities in the initial presale. "Kik concedes that its issuance of Kin through the [token distribution event] involved an investment of money by which participants purchased or acquired Ether and exchanged Ether for Kin. Thus, the parties agree that the first element of the Howey test is satisfied," Judge Alvin Hellerstein said in the ruling. The first element of the Howey test is there must be an investment of money.
The dispute then came down to second and third elements to determine a security — the second being an investment of money in a common enterprise and the third being an enterprise established for profit to be derived solely from the efforts of others.
"Kik established a common enterprise," the judge wrote on the second element. "Kik deposited the funds into a single bank account. Kik used the funds for its operations, including the construction of the digital ecosystem it promoted."
On determining that Kik met the third element, the judge said that "in public statements and at public events promoting Kin, Kik extolled Kin's profit-making potential." While noting that Kik later claimed that Kin was also a medium for consumptive use, a "general purpose cryptocurrency for use in everyday digital services," the judge stated that "none of this 'consumptive use' was available at the time of the distribution."
Kik Chief Executive Officer Ted Livingston told Coindesk that he was "disappointed in this ruling" and that the company is considering its options, including a potential appeal.
Pending a potential appeal from Kik, the next step is for both sides to "jointly submit a proposed judgment for injunctive and monetary relief" by Oct. 20.
Image: Kik
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