text:
Trump policies leave Iowa farmers uneasy ahead of caucuses
By Minyoung Park, KYODO NEWS - Jan 22, 2020 - 05:45 | World, All, Feature
With the Iowa caucuses set to take place on Feb. 3, launching the official process to select a Democratic challenger to President Donald Trump in the November election, farmers in the corn-rich Midwestern state are keeping a wary eye on the administration's policies that have already roiled the outlook for their businesses.
Iowa farmer Kelly Nieuwenhuis, chairman of the board at the Siouxland Energy Cooperative ethanol plant, said that some local corn farmers and ethanol advocates have grown frustrated with policies they view as undercutting demand without adequate protection against losses.
"Last time, I supported Trump and I haven't decided where I'm going next time," Nieuwenhuis said on the upcoming presidential election. "Farmers pretty much did support President Trump but I also know a lot of people today that say they won't vote for him again."
(Kelly Nieuwenhuis, Iowa farmer and Chairman of the Board at Siouxland Energy ethanol plant, during an interview with Kyodo News in Sioux Center, Iowa on Dec. 11, 2019.)
Iowa's nominating contest, as the first in the country, is expected to set the tone for the remaining caucuses and primaries toward choosing the eventual Democratic candidate. In the general election, Iowa holds six electoral votes and is considered a swing state, having backed Barack Obama's reelection in 2012 before supporting Trump in 2016.
Around 40 percent of the state's annual corn yield goes into ethanol production, with growth driven in part by ongoing government efforts to replace fossil fuels with renewable sources of energy.
Under U.S. law, the Renewable Fuel Standard program sets an annual requirement for the volume of biofuels such as ethanol or biodiesel that must be blended into the nation's fuel supply. The program was designed to boost renewable fuel requirements each year, gradually reducing the amount of petroleum-based fuel used in transportation and heating.
This has created a stable market for ethanol producers like those in Iowa, who accounted for more than a quarter of the nation's total annual output of nearly 16 billion gallons (60 million kiloliters) as of January 2019.
But the federal Environmental Protection Agency, which administers the fuel standards program, also has the power to issue hardship waivers exempting oil refineries from meeting the blending requirement.
Over the past three years, the Trump administration has exempted 85 oil refineries, slashing the required volume of renewable fuels by a total of about 4 billion gallons. In contrast, the Obama administration granted fewer than 10 waivers per year over the course of eight years.
(Corn field in Iowa)
[Getty/Kyodo]
Greater exemptions, coupled with a lack of reallocation enforcement for waived gallons of biofuels, have led to recent closures of ethanol plants.
In a late-November letter to the EPA, Geoff Cooper, the president and CEO of the Renewable Fuels Association, called it an "undeniable fact" that the surge in waivers "has caused demand loss and economic hardship for U.S. ethanol producers," noting that at least 20 plants had been temporarily idled or permanently closed over the past two years.
The Siouxland Energy ethanol plant temporarily shut down from September to October last year to mitigate loss, and is now running at half capacity.
"I haven't seen a hardship in the oil industry, but I've seen hardship in the biofuels industry and agriculture," Nieuwenhuis said. "And so, our income has gone down during the Trump administration."
Steve Roe, general manager at Little Sioux Corn Processors, said that his company has not been as profitable for the last three years due to the Trump administration's renewable fuels policies.
"It has not been as profitable but at the same time, we haven't gone underwater and we haven't gone backwards here," he said.
Citing recent investments to boost efficiency, Roe added, "We make less (profit) per gallon, but we're producing more."
(Steve Roe, General Manager at Little Sioux Corn Processors ethanol plant, poses in front of the plant in Marcus, Iowa on Dec. 11, 2019.)
When the EPA released its final renewable fuel standard on Dec. 19, detailing the next round of volume requirements, it came as a disappointment to Iowa farmers. Contrary to assurances from the Trump administration to the state's farmers and representatives, the program has made no effort to address the loss in ethanol demand as a result of the uptick in waivers.
Instead, the EPA said its method of reallocating waived gallons of biofuels will rely on figures from U.S. Department of Energy recommendations, regardless of the actual number of gallons waived. There are no new measures to keep the waivers from exceeding recommendations by a substantial margin, as they have during Trump's tenure.
"The main reason we're not satisfied is because it's not the deal President Trump had made with our legislators and farmers," Nieuwenhuis said.
The tit-for-tat tariff war between the United States and China further pushed the agriculture sector into a corner, causing significant losses in exports.
The signing of a partial trade agreement last week, with China promising to resume and expand its purchases of U.S. agricultural products and ethanol, was met with cautious optimism.
As far as Trump's re-election prospects are concerned, the wariness or in some cases bitterness of Iowa farmers may not prove decisive in the state's voting.
"The polls suggest there hasn't been any change -- the president remains very popular among Republican voters in the state," said Christopher Larimer, professor of political science at the University of Northern Iowa.
Larimer said he has not seen any evidence that suggests Iowans who voted for Trump in 2016 will abandon him in 2020.
"Voters seem to be so entrenched in their partisan beliefs that even when an issue or policy stance directly affects their economic well-being, it is not enough for a voter to abandon his or her party affiliation."
Dennis J. Goldford, professor of political science at Drake University, noted that 31 of Iowa's 99 counties, most of which are rural, shifted from Obama in 2012 to Trump in 2016.
"Democrats need huge turnout in the more urban counties in order to overcome the Republican advantage in the more rural counties," he said.
On the response among local farmers to Trump's policies, Roe pointed out that the rural vote is far from monolithic.
"There's just as many Republican and Democrat farmers, there are both sides of the aisle," he said. "The industry as a whole is a very opportunistic and optimistic group, so we are not going to go away easily. We will put up a battle."
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KYODO NEWS - 37 minutes ago - 18:22 | World, All

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Peterson Partners » Can You Afford to Fail?
Thiel has set up dozens of two-year Thiel Fellows with $100,000 to entice those he calls "the world's most ambitious, relentless, passionate, wily, creative, driven, smart, visionary, and adventurous kids" to skip college and go directly after their entrepreneurial dreams. For some, this opportunity may be just the ticket they need to reduce the odds and the impact of failure. Thiel is also encouraging them at a time in their lives when it's easiest to recover from their stumbles.
1. It's not too late. It's of course a lot easier to bounce back from failure if you're in your teens – but it's also more likely that you'll need to. A study by the Kauffman Foundation found that half as many successful entrepreneurs were under 25 as over 50. Despite the highly-publicized examples of young entrepreneurs succeeding spectacularly (think Gates, Jobs and Zuckerberg), the odds of entrepreneurial success generally go up with experience. So would-be entrepreneurs distressed that it's too late for entrepreneurial success shouldn't despair. Remember that Sam Walton was 44 years old when he started Wal-Mart, David Duffield, founder of PeopleSoft, was 46 when he launched his successful entrepreneurial career, and Colonel Harlan Sanders of Kentucky Fried Chicken was 65.
2. Talent isn't enough. The greater your natural talents, the greater the odds you'll succeed. But you can't rest on talent alone. You'll also need luck, a cooperative market, good partners and a lot of hustle. Great entrepreneurs borrow what they don't possess naturally – not just resources, but also reputation, knowledge and contacts. Some great business ideas solve existing problems – synced smart phones to take the place of the pocket planner, 24-hour gyms for busy city-dwellers, or TV screens in airplane seatbacks. Other ideas create solutions for problems we didn't know we had. But even if you have a world-changing idea, remember that a product is not a business. So while it's vital to have a great business idea, don't be tempted into thinking that's enough. Hustle and street smarts are generally also needed in abundance. A great product or service does not a business make.
4. Don't let setbacks stop you. If you have what Stanford psychologist Carol Dweck calls a "fixed mindset," you may look at early failure as a result of fixed traits that can't be changed. Thus, a setback may keep you from wanting to saddle up again. And since failures tend to dog people forevermore, if you fail before experience has given you a chance to test your character, you may, likewise, struggle to recover. But if you have what Dweck calls a "growth mindset," you'll tend to see failure as a bump in the road on the way to success – a natural starting point for change, improvement and development. In this case, the earlier in your career you stumble, the better.
5. Plan for failure, too. Line up a BATNA (best alternative to a negotiated agreement) or, in this case, a "fallback" plan if things don't work out. This isn't just to shore up your finances, it's also to protect your emotional well-being. If you're older and have a family to support, taking care of downside potential requires a little more planning, but if you're committed to taking the plunge into entrepreneurship, it can be done.
If you have the brains, talent, ideas and energy to be an entrepreneur, you should plan for success but prepare to learn from failure. Developing courage, resilience and a love of learning will help pave the way for you to consider failure as the starting point for success. Try to see inevitable stumbles not as fixed points that define you, but as vital markers along the way to personal growth, productivity and an ever smarter way to take on the next challenge.


NFL Network (occasionally abbreviated on-air as NFLN) is an American sports-oriented cable and satellite television network that is owned by the National Football League (NFL) and is part of NFL Media, which also includes NFL.com, NFL Films, NFL Mobile, NFL Now and NFL RedZone. Dedicated to American football, the network features game telecasts from the NFL, as well as NFL-related content including analysis programs, specials and documentaries. The network is headquartered in the Los Angeles suburb of Culver City, California, and broadcasts its worldwide feed from Encompass Digital Media (formally Crawford Communications) in Atlanta, Georgia.
As of February 2015, NFL Network is available to approximately 71,867,000 households that subscribe to a cable, satellite and telco television service in the United States (totaling 61.7% of U.S. households with at least one television set).
NFL Network was launched on November 4, 2003, only eight months after the owners of the league's 32 teams voted unanimously to approve its formation. The league invested $100 million to fund the network's operations. NFL Films, which produces commercials, television programs and feature films for the NFL, is a key supplier of NFL Network's programming, with more than 4,000 hours of footage available in its library. As a result, much of the network's highlights and recaps feature NFL Films' trademark style of slow motion game action, sounds of the game, and sideline conversations between players and/or team staff.


A Nebraska man has crafted one of the most innovative gadgets that we've seen in a while: a snow-plowing motorized wheelchair.
As local news station WOWT reports, Iraq war veteran Justin Anderson has tricked out his off-road wheelchair with a snow blade, which he uses to clear snow from sidewalks in his community.
Anderson's volunteer plowing services are valued in his highly trafficked neighborhood, where a elementary school sits just down the block from his home.
"The community has supported me immensely with my struggles and tough times as I had a leg amputated and my fight with brain cancer. This is my way of giving back," he told WOWT's Brian Mastre.
While the modifications were all his own, Anderson's chair was donated by The Independence Fund, a non-profit organization that provides wounded veterans with all-terrain wheelchairs.


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Q: C# How to dump all variables & current values during runtime Are there any in-built or 3rd party libraries that allow you to simply dump all variables in memory during run time?  What I would like is to be able to view variables & current values similarly to viewing them by hitting a break point and hovering over variables, but without actually having to halt the program execution (i.e. just get a snapshot).  Would be good if it could dump them to a file which can then be opened later in a program to get a nice GUI interface to view them, but simple text file dump would be good enough.

A: I can't think of an easy way to do this in a generic fashion.  What could work is programmatically creating a dump file of your running process.  You could either do this with P/Invoke to the dbghelp.dll routines or spawn a cdb.exe process to create the dump file.  Once you have the file, you could open it up in a debugger for later analysis using SOS.dll with cdb.exe/windbg.exe, or even write a debugger script to dump the data you want (mostly) automatically.

A: I believe some sort of logging framework would help you to do that...
Check out:
http://www.dotnetlogging.com/
At my workplace we use log4net which works pretty well for us.
So how come you're wanting to dump out all the variables for later analysis? Have you considered writing your code test first so that you can reduce your reliance on the debugger and have a suite of automated test checking the values for you?

A: In the past I've used the YourKit .Net profiler in order to profile .Net applications.
While I've only ever used it to connect to running applications personally the Snapshot documentation does state that they have a Profiler API that can be used to programmatically dump snapshots for later review.
Code wise this looks to be as simple as the following:
Controller c = new Controller();
String snapshotPath = c.CaptureSnapshot();

I believe you can then load the snapshot files into the YourKit GUI at a later date to review them.
I would not be surprised if some of the other popular profilers like JetBrains dotTrace Performance and RedGates ANTS Performance Profiler have similar programmatic APIs but I couldn't quickly find obvious documentation on their websites (and I didn't want to watch their webinars to find out if this feature existed!)

A: For this you can use WMemoryProfiler to

*

*Get all objects in all appdomains as an object array

*Create a memory dump of your own process

*Serialize specific objects to disc

To make this happen you need Windbg of course but the Api of WMemoryProfiler is fully managed and you can basically self debug your process. The library takes care of the usual debugger oddities since it does wrap Windbg in a nice accessible library.
The code below does get all instances of System.Threading.Thread objects into an object array. This way you can write a visualizer for your own application objects at runtime. The other overload does simply give you all objects in all AppDomains.
using (var debugger = new MdbEng())
{
  var dummy = new Thread(() => {});
  dummy.Name = "Dummy Thread";

  // Get all thread objects in all AppDomains
  var threads = debugger.GetObjects("System.Threading.Thread", true);

  foreach (Thread t in threads)
  {
    Console.WriteLine("Managed thread {0} has Name {1}", t.ManagedThreadId, t.Name);
  }
  GC.KeepAlive(dummy);
}

Since it is a wrapper around Windbg you can also create a memory dump on the fly and later load a memory dump from your process to extract object data for visualization from the dump. Commerical Memory Profilers (e.g. MemoryProfiler from Scitech) employ this technique since years but it is quite slow when you have a huge memory dump since they are using also Windbg as dump analyzer.

A: You can try Intellitrace tool provided with ultimate version of visual studio. It is what you describe - it records what is happening in your app and allows you to debug it without executing your program with hovering over variables and all other debug windows to help you.

A: You can use PostSharp . I found it very useful to record debug times because of the environment application was deployed. And instrumented/recorded many things.
But obviously you'll need to specify all variables you need to record.
Check more details here.

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1 'Come, and we turn back unto Jehovah, For He hath torn, and He doth heal us, He doth smite, and He bindeth us up.
2 He doth revive us after two days, In the third day He doth raise us up, And we live before Him.
4 What do I do to thee, O Ephraim? What do I do to thee, O Judah? Your goodness [is] as a cloud of the morning, And as dew rising early—going.
5 Therefore I have hewed by prophets, I have slain them by sayings of My mouth, And My judgments to the light goeth forth.
6 For kindness I desired, and not sacrifice, And a knowledge of God above burnt-offerings.
7 And they, as Adam, transgressed a covenant, There they dealt treacherously against me.
8 Gilead [is] a city of workers of iniquity, Slippery from blood.
9 And as bands do wait for a man, A company of priests do murder—the way to Shechem, For wickedness they have done.
10 In the house of Israel I have seen a horrible thing, There [is] the whoredom of Ephraim—defiled is Israel.
11 Also, O Judah, appointed is a harvest to thee, In My turning back [to] the captivity of My people!


text:
IT Managed Services-Computer Sales & Services
Not Disclosed, KS
Barton County
Services: Computer, Internet, Technology Repair & Services
RE: IT Managed Services-Computer Sales & Services Broker: Rebecca Hansbrough
Business has prequalified for sba financing with a preferred lender. Seller will carry a note if buyer prequalifies with lender.
Annual Revenue: $540,000
Net Profit: $54,190
Total Debt: $90,154
FF&E: $200,000
Broker Reference #: 71460
This central Kansas retail service store provides computers, computer hardware, repair services and its own brand of computers, peripherals, and security systems. The Company's primary services include IT management services, web and email hosting. Operating from a location that houses a 3,613 facility built to manage future growth, the company's computer products and services operations consists of state-of-the-art equipment, a storefront, office space, warehouse, and personnel with industry experience. The Company has a proven track record supported by 34 years of ongoing business. With its niche' range of services and products, the Company's marketing efforts focus on targeting small and medium size businesses, and government agencies.
The Company's headquarters operate in a 3,613 square feet facility that contains its retail site, offices, 1,046 square feet production, monitoring, storage and garage areas. The Owners hold title to the real property. The property is zoned for commercial use, and is capable of handling additional capacity. The business operates Monday through Friday from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. and closes on national holidays. The Company is on call 24//7. The Owners are open to negotiating the lease or the sale of the property to the buyer.
The majority of the company's sales come from word of mouth, repeat customers and referral sources. The Company markets its services and products through its website, Amazon and Google reviews, networking, Chamber of Commerce, and radio advertisements. In addition, the Company uses a consulting firm to manage its website and products marketing campaigns. The owners retain its clients by exceeding customer expectations and delivering superior services and products, on time and, at an affordable price.
Retiing
The owner is willing to train/assist the new owner.
Download Broker Non-Disclosure Agreement (NDA)
Download Listing Non-Disclosure Agreement (NDA)
View more Kansas businesses for sale


text:
Crimean 'referendum at gunpoint' is a myth – intl observers
Published time: March 16, 2014 16:30
Edited time: March 17, 2014 07:53
A woman casts her ballot during the referendum on the status of Ukraine's Crimea region at a polling station in Bakhchisaray March 16, 2014.(Reuters / Sergei Karpukhin)
Download video (12.43 MB)
Conflict, EU, Politics, Russia, Ukraine
The referendum on Crimea's status is going peacefully, with record-breaking turnout, international observers report. Most of them told RT that the referendum is credible and the vote of the Crimean people should be respected.
No violations at the Crimea referendum have been reported by the international observers currently present in the republic.
"It's all quiet so far," Mateus Piskorkski, the leader of the European observers' mission and Polish MP told Itar-Tass. "Our observers have not registered any violations of voting rules."
Another observer, Ewald Stadler, member of the European Parliament, dispelled the "referendum at gunpoint" myth, by saying he felt people were free to make their choice.
"I haven't seen anything even resembling pressure," he said. "People themselves want to have their say."
Many were impressed by the turnout, which appeared to be so high as to have people stand in lines to get to the ballot box in the morning. The turnout for the referendum in Crimea at 17.00 local time (15.00 GMT) was 70 per cent, the referendum's website said.
"The lines are very long, the turnout is big indeed," a member of the international observer mission, Bulgarian parliament member Pavel Chernev, said. "Organization and procedures are 100 percent in line with the European standards," he added.
135 international observers have arrived from 23 countries, including Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia and Poland, Crimean authorities said. Among those monitoring the referendum are members of the EU and national European parliaments, international law experts and human rights activists.
A woman is reflected in a mirror as she casts her ballot during voting in a referendum at a polling station in Simferopol March 16, 2014.(Reuters / Thomas Peter)
'The referendum is legitimate'
Hours before the referendum started, RT managed to speak to some of those who decided to see for themselves, who's ballots were going to be cast.
Quite contrary to the mainstream official approach taken by the EU and the US, most of them said they believed the referendum in Crimea was legitimate.
"The US and also the EU, they only respect international law, if it's in favor of their opinion," Johann Gudenus, member of the city parliament of Vienna, said. "Our opinion is – if people want to decide their future, they should have the right to do that and the international community should respect that. There is a goal of people in Crimea to vote about their own future. Of course, Kiev is not happy about that, but still they have to accept and to respect the vote of people in Crimea".
Johannes Hübner, an Austrian MP said he felt he had to come to Crimea to get the real picture of what was happening on the peninsula.
"The view we get from the American and European media is very distorted," he said. "You get no objective information. So we decided to come here to have a look at what's really going on and see if this referendum is credible".
Aymeric Chauprade political scientist and geopolitician from France believes the referendum is justified by Russian and Ukrainian history.
"Yes, I think the referendum is legitimate," he said. "We are talking about long-term history. We are talking about the Russian people, about the territories of the former USSR with artificial borders. So, I think it's a legitimate referendum that will give opportunity for this Russian population's reunification with Russia".
Tatjana Ždanoka, European parliament MP, representing Latvia, says the fact that the EU and the US refuse to see the referendum as legitimate can only be explained by double standard applied by Western leaders to the situation.
"The European parliament's resolution demands that Crimeans comply with the Ukrainian constitution and says that the referendum is against that constitution. But that's the same as to demand Kosovars to comply with the constitution of the former Yugoslavia, which naturally never happened. Double standards are everywhere in global politics. We know it from history. We see it now".
People line up to receive their ballots during the referendum on the status of Ukraine's Crimea region at a polling station in Simferopol March 16, 2014. (Reuters / Vasily Fedosenko)
A French geopolitical analyst and Marine Le Pen's foreign affairs senior advisor, Aymeric Chauprade, who also was an observer at the Crimea referendum, told RT it was impossible to say the vote was illegal as it had a "double legitimacy."
"Of course it is a legal vote, because we are talking about real men and women who are Russian in their heart, in their history," Chauprade said, talking about a "historical legitimacy." But there was also an obvious political legitimacy, he added, "because we are talking about a democratic choice, and we're talking about democratic parliament."
Observers from Serbia also praised the referendum as free and legitimate.
"People freely expressed their will in the most democratic way, wherever we were," Serbian observer Milenko Baborats told Itar-Tass. "We were amazed by the amount of people who came to the polls. After just 1 hour of voting in most of the polls we visited around 15 percent of voters already cast their votes."
"During the day we didn't see a single serious violation of legitimacy of the process," he added.
According to another Serbian observer they visited eight polling stations in Simferopol, Alushta and Yalta.
"We spoke to the members of the electoral commission and the people who came to participate in the referendum. The voting process was very well organized," Zoran Radoychich told Itar-Tass. "We did not notice any pressure on voters – that was our general impression."
"As compared to Kosovo, where the referendum was indeed held under the pressure of Western nations, here people are voting freely."
The foreign affairs editor from Chronicles Magazine, Srdja Trifkovic, who is also an observer at the Crimean referendum has told RT that he drove from Simferopol to Yalta on Saturday and back and he "didn't see a single barrel (of a gun) unless you count two speed traps, one on the way out and one on the way back where policemen had guns."
"The presence of troops on the streets is virtually non-existent and the only thing resembling any such thing is the unarmed middle-aged Cossacks who are positioned outside the parliament building in Simferopol. But if you look at the people both at the voting stations and in the streets, like on Yalta's sea front yesterday afternoon, frankly I think you would feel more tense in south Chicago or in New York's Harlem than anywhere round here," he said.
Trifkovic added that in regard to referendums the western powers function on the basis of situational morality and "not on any firm principle."
"In 1991 Croatia and Slovenia held illegal referenda to secede from Yugoslavia and by the end of that year the European Union recognized them as independent states. In February of 1992 Bosnia Herzegovina held a referendum in violation of its own constitution and yet in April of that year the US rushed to recognize Bosnia, which still remains an incoherent semi state as we know. And the succession of Kosovo from Serbia has been enthusiastically supported by the United States and its west European partners. And the right to self-determination was upheld ahead of the right of a state to territorial integrity. Well, what is source for the Kosovan goose will certainly prove to be the sauce for the Crimean gander but the United States and Brussels are yet to come to terms with it."
[…] Crimean 'referendum at gunpoint' is a myth – intl observers […]
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Pingback by Szykany dla Polek-patriotek za obronę Polski « Grypa666's Blog — 16/04/2014 @ 19:22


A truly astonishing find – an almost unused valve Binson Echorec T7E. Now for sale thoroughly-overhauled and varispeed modified. Every Echorec we restore is unique in sound and character, but this one is very special indeed.
This machine shipped out to the far east with several significant manufacturing faults from new. These meant it couldn't have ever operated correctly; our tech reported that as a result it'd appears to have only been run a handful of times.
Whether it was returned to the store to languish on a shelf in the back room for 50 years, or the original owner used it as part of his David Gilmour/Pink Floyd display-only collection, we can't say. What we can confirm is that this is as close as you'll come sonically to buying a new valve Echorec, but with the added bonus of a varispeed motor.
CONDITION: While this machine is sonically as new, it does show some signs of age. The carry case is in very good condition with scuffs and marks commensurate with age – all fittings are present and operational, though with oxidation to their finish. The paintwork of the metal case is in good order with minor marks, chips and oxidation. The face and knobs are excellent as are the internal surfaces. See photos for more information on cosmetic condition.
We may have other models of Binson here now; see our full current stock of tape/disc echoes here. If you have any questions about which delay is best for you then please get in touch as we have many years experience with these machines.


Wenger Roughneck Music Stand is a tough customer and thanks to a new easy to operate trigger-locking height adjustment mechanism, is quick to set up at a level that suits any musician.
Simply squeeze the adjustment collar, slide and tilt the desk to the preferred height, release and it's locked in place ready to take up to 30 pounds loading. Roughneck is of steel construction and finished with a tough powder coat scratch resistant paint finish. Plus it comes with a generous 5 year warranty.
Take a look at our video. where marketing manager, Alice Dagger demonstrates how the adjustment mechnism operates.


text:
Historical Weapons Research
Journal about the history of weapons
Journals and resources
Dr. Charles Peter Melville
Professor Emeritus of Persian History, Pembroke College, Cambridge President of the British Institute of Persian Studies, British Academy Editorial Board: Iranian Studies (USA): Advisory Council Journal of Persiante Studies (USA): Editorial Board Iranian Studies Series (Leiden): Board of Advisors Kherad va Danesh (Centre of Excellence, Mashhad, Iran): Advisory Board Nouvelle Revue des Etudes Iraniennes (Tehran, Iran): Comité de patronage
Dr. Firuza I. Melville
Ph.D. in Persian Literature, Art and Islamic Studies Director of Research, Shahnameh Centre for Persian Studies, Pembroke College, Cambridge Affiliated Lecturer, Faculty of Asian and Middle East Studies, University of Cambridge Director of Studies in Asian and Middle Eastern Studies for Pembroke College, Peterhouse and Corpus Christi Editorial Board: ISS (Iranian Studies Series, University of Leiden) TAHQIQ (quarterly peer-reviewed journal of the University of Punjab, Lahore) TIMA (The Islamic Manuscript Association) PEER-REVIEWING for: BIPS (British Institute of Persian Studies, British Academy Journal) BRISMES (The British Society for Middle Eastern Studies) The Royal Asiatic Society journal
Igor' B. Pink
Ph.D., Deputy Director for the Scientific Work and the Exhibition Organization, Tula State Museum of Weapons (Tula, Russia)
Nina V. Grigoreva
Ph.D., Department of Asian and African Studies National Research University Higher School of Economics (St. Petersburg, Russia)
Fedor M. Panfilov
Ph.D., Curator of The Moscow Kremlin Museums, Armoury Chamber (Moscow, Russia)
Vasiliy R. Novoselov
Sergey P. Orlenko
Vladimir A. Dmitriev
D.Sc., The Russian Museum of Ethnography (St. Petersburg, Russia)
Nadezhda G. Artemyeva
Ph.D., Institute of history, archaeology and ethnography of the peoples of the far-east, far-eastern branch of the RAS (IHAE FEBRAS) (Vladivostok, Russia)
Sergey V. Samgin
Ph.D, Editor-in-Chief of WHJ (Tambov, Russia)
Elena I. Malozyomova
Ph.D., Researcher of The State Hermitage Museum, Assistant professor, Faculty of liberal arts and sciences, Department of Interdisciplinary Studies in the field of Languages and Literature St. Petersburg State University (St. Petersburg, Russia).
Vadim V. Gorbunov
D.Sc., Proff., Altai State University (Barnaul, Russia)
Vladimir A. Vetyukov
Ph.D. (St. Petersburg, Russia)
Egor A. Bagrin
Publisher: "The Center of Support and Development of Actual Research in the Field of Historical Weaponry".
WEAPONS HISTORY JOURNAL. License Эл № ФС77-63760 16 November 2015.
All materials published in WEAPONS HISTORY JOURNAL are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).
Copyright © 2020 The Center of Support and Development of Actual Research in the Field of Historical Weaponry.
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text:
Big Band Spotlight
Jazz Nightly
On Record
Topics & Blogs
Native Heritage
Podcasts/RSS
SDPB Voices
SDPB Radio
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SD WWII Veterans Celebrated
By Chynna Lockett • Jun 4, 2019
June 6th marks the 75th anniversary of the D-Day invasion, when more than 160 thousand allied troops landed in France. Storming the beaches of Normandy was a quintessential part of defeating Nazi Germany. WWII veterans—including some from the D-Day battle—were recently honored in Rapid City.
There's a lot of conversation as nearly 70 WWII veterans gather for an annual luncheon honoring their service. They talk with each other, and family and friends.
Cinema Falls Presents Stalag Luft III – One Man's Story
By Steven Zwemke • May 28, 2019
Whirlygig Productions
In The Moment ... May 28, 2019 Show 583 Hour 2
In 1943, Charles Woehrle's B-17 was shot down over France. Nazis controlled the region and Charles was soon captured by Germans.
Stalag Luft III - One Man's Story documents Charles life with focus on his two years as a prisoner of war.
Filmmaker Louise Woehrle (Charles' niece) comes to Sioux Falls as Cinema Falls presents Stalag Luft III Wednesday evening at 6:30 followed by a question/answer session with the filmmaker.
Woehrle visits about her film with SDPB's Steve Zwemke.
"Nuking The Moon" Author Vince Houghton
By Lori Walsh • May 21, 2019
Bats strapped with napalm and launched into the cities and villages of Tokyo. Live cats implanted with recording devices creeping around the Soviet Union as Cold War spies. The marriage of innovation and desperation creates ideas tinged with both brilliance and madness.
Vince Houghton's new book Nuking the Moon looks at American intelligence schemes and military plots left on the drawing board of history. Houghton is a historian and curator at the International Spy Museum in Washington, D.C.
FRONTLINE: The Last Survivors
By Lori Walsh • Apr 30, 2019
In The Moment ... April 30, 2019 Show 565 Hour 1
As children, they lived through "humanity's darkest hour." More than 70 years have passed since World War II and now FRONTLINE speaks with some of the last remaining survivors of the Holocaust.
Director Arthur Cary looks into their haunting memories and how their experiences continue to impact their daily lives.
FRONTLINE airs at 9:00 p.m. Central, Tuesday night on SDPB-TV.
"A Woman Of No Importance"
By Chris Laughery & Jackie Hendry • Apr 15, 2019
Virginia Hall was repeatedly rejected from the Foreign Service because of her gender and prosthetic leg. But by the height of World War II, the Gestapo called her the "most dangerous of all Allied spies."
Her story, until now, has not been told.
Biographer and journalist Sonia Purnell is the author of A Woman of No Importance: The Untold Story of the American Spy Who Helped Win World War II.
FRONTLINE "Last B-24" Premieres Wednesday
By Lori Walsh & Steve Zwemke • Nov 6, 2018
In The Moment ... November 6, 2018 Show 455 Hour 2
Seventy-four years ago, an American B-24 Liberator known as the "Tulsamerican" fell from the sky while returning from a mission over Europe. It eventually sank into the Adriatic Sea. Seven crew members survived the crash. Three men were never found.
NOVA writer Owen Palmquist describes the effort to find out what happened to the missing airmen as he previews "Last B-24." It premieres Wednesday night at 8:00 Central on SDPB-TV.
Lessons From Ravensbruck With Patrick Hicks
By Chris Laughery • Jun 11, 2018
Patrick Hicks
In The Moment ... June 11, 2018 Show 355 Hour 1
Patrick Hicks is writer-in-residence at Augustana University and the author of "The Commandant of Lubizec," "The Collector of Names," "Adoptable," and others.
He's recently returned from a research trip where he visited the site of the Ravensbruck Nazi concentration camp.
Covert Operations, Hidden From History: Sam Kleiner's "The Flying Tigers"
By Chris Laughery & Lori Walsh • May 23, 2018
Lori Walsh
Before the attack on Pearl Harbor, a group of young American men and women risked their lives in the defense of China. Led by Army pilot Claire Chennault, they crossed the Pacific using false identities only to wind up on a rundown air base in the jungles of Burma.
SDPB's Steve Zwemke talks with author Sam Kleiner about "Flying Tigers: The Untold Story of the American Pilots Who Waged a Secret War Against Japan."
Linguists At War: The History Of Allied Translators And Interpreters
Chynna Lockett
South Dakota School of Mines & Technology, Hay Camp Brewing Company and South Dakota Public Broadcasting bring you the S.T.E.A.M. Café, held at 6 p.m. the third Tuesday of each month, at Hay Camp.
The May 15 event is "Linguists at War: Allied Translators and Interpreters in the War against Japan." It's presented by Allison Gilmore, Department Head of SD Mines Humanities & Social Sciences.
NOVA's Great Escape At Dunkirk
By Chris Laughery & Lori Walsh • Feb 14, 2018
In the Moment ... February 14, 2018 Show 277 Hour 1
SDPB's Steve Zwemke talks with senior NOVA producer Evan Hadingham about the new NOVA special "Great Escape at Dunkirk."
The program airs February 14 on SDPB-TV.
Ray & Josephine Cowdery: Then & Now Of World War II In Europe
By Chris Laughery & Lori Walsh • Jan 15, 2018
In The Moment ... January 10, 2018 Show 253 Hour 2
Ray and Josephine Cowdery have taken American and Canadian World War II vets back to western and eastern Europe on several history tours.
Hundreds of pictures were captured during that time and will be part of a narrated slide show called "Then & Now of World War II in Europe"
The South Dakota Veterans Forum is Saturday, January 13th from 9 a.m. to 11 a.m. at the South Dakota Air & Space Museum.
"Tuskegee Airman" Harold Brown
By Lori Walsh • Jan 8, 2018
In The Moment ... January 8, 2018 Show 251 Hour 1
Harold Brown served as one of America's original "Tuskegee Airmen." He flew combat missions with the 332nd Fighter Group during World War II.
His 2017 memoir is called "Keep Your Airspeed Up: The Story of a Tuskegee Airman."
He joins us for a conversation about segregation, finding hope as a POW, and how a group of men changed the face of the American military by demanding their right to serve their country in the air.
Chuck Anderson Remembers Pearl Harbor Survivor
By Lori Walsh • Dec 4, 2017
In The Moment ... December 4, 2017 Show 232 Hour 2
Charles "Chuck" Isakson (1917-1997), a Webster native and longtime Huron resident, was among some 50 South Dakotans who survived the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. He told his story to a gathering at the Huron Elks Club in 1993. Chuck Anderson, Huron radio personality and host, recorded and preserved the speech.
We welcome Chuck Anderson to In the Moment. Find the full web post here.
In The Moment ... The Mission Of Herman Stern
By Steve Zwemke • Nov 6, 2017
Herman Stern rescued 125 people from persecution and possible death in Nazi Germany in the 1930's-40's.
Video Arts Studios has produced a documentary about Stern's rescue efforts and his life as a civic leader in North Dakota. Producers Art Phillips and Carl Oberholtzer shared details of the film with Prairie Public's Doug Hamilton.
In The Moment ... Honoring WWII Veterans In Rapid City
By Chris Laughery • Oct 26, 2017
In The Moment ... October 26, 2017 Show 207 Hour 2
The face of a community can change when one of its members has a simple idea. Bill Casper had an idea about banners in downtown Rapid City and how they might be used to honor veterans of World War II. That vision is about to be displayed for the city. He joins us from SDPB's Black Hills Bureau with more.
In The Moment ... Lessons From WWII
By Chris Laughery • Sep 11, 2017
Andrew Bork
In The Moment ... September 11, 2107 Show 174 Hour 2
As fliers associated with white supremacy make their way to South Dakota (some were recently found in Sioux Falls) state residents are reminded that neo-Nazi sentiments are not a thing of the past. How do we address nationalism, racism, and Nazi sympathies today? We begin with a look at history.
In The Moment ... Higher Education During WWII
By Chris Laughery • Aug 17, 2017
In The Moment ... August 17,2017 Show 158 Hour 2
What's the impact of war on higher education? Today we welcome University of Sioux Falls professor Stephen Jackson. He's been at work exploring the impact of World War II on the University of Sioux Falls. Dr. Jackson's research will appear alongside other scholars' work in the book "Denominational Higher Education During World War II." The book focuses on the framing of faith and war, service to the nation, and the dynamics of the denominational campus during the war years.
In The Moment ... "Sioux Code Talkers Of WWII"
By Chris Laughery • Jul 31, 2017
writerandreapage.com
In The Moment ... July 31 2017, Show 145 Hour 2
One woman's chance encounter with family history led her to a 20 year research project. Children's author Andrea Page is coming to the Siouxland Libraries downtown branch in Sioux Falls tomorrow night. Her books is called "Sioux Code Talkers of WWII." We caught up with her for a conversation about language, cultural pride, and the men who saved the world.
In The Moment ... Benjamin Jones And "Eisenhower's Guerillas"
By Chris Laughery • Jun 1, 2017
In The Moment ... June 1, 2017 Show 105 Hour 2
Ben Jones is Dean of Arts and Sciences at Dakota State University. He's Associate Professor of History and the author of "Eisenhower's Guerillas: The Jedburghs, the Maqui, and the Liberation of France." He's taught at the Air Force Academy and has served as an advisor to the National Military Academy of Afghanistan. He has a book signing coming up at the Siouxland Libraries in Sioux Falls. That's Tuesday, June 6 from 6:30 to 8 p.m. Ben Jones joins us to discuss the legacy of irregular warfare in WWII.
Dakota Midday: Reflecting On Pearl Harbor 75 Years Later
By Lori Walsh & Steve Zwemke • Dec 7, 2016
Dr. Sean Flynn, professor of history at Dakota Wesleyan University in Mitchell, reflects on the magnitude of the attack on Pearl Harbor on this day in 1941. He discusses mistakes we made as a nation, the military operation logistics and the lessons and legacy of the Day of Infamy.
Dakota Midday: "The Gentleman Next Door"
By Steve Zwemke • Oct 24, 2016
www.warbirdnews.com
Filmmaker, artist and host of Old Guys and Their Airplanes, John Mollison, discusses the upcoming premiere of his short film "The Gentleman Next Door." The film features WWII RAF fighter pilot John Wilkinson who makes his home in South Dakota. Mollison's latest film premieres at the South Dakota Air & Space Museum on Friday at 6:00 p.m. MT. The broadcast premiere of "The Gentleman Next Door" on SDPB-TV is Thursday, November 3, at 8:00 p.m. CT.
Dakota Midday: John Mollison On Veteran Memorial
By Lori Walsh & Levi Gutz • May 31, 2016
http://www.johnmollison.com/#whatwedo
Lori Walsh talks live with artist/historian/filmmaker John Mollison of Sioux Falls. On June 3, Mollison will be part of a ceremony at the Pierre Airport to honor WWII hero John C. Waldron of Ft. Pierre. An Oglala Sioux, Waldron was killed during the battle at Midway. As a member of the U.S.
Dakota Midday: Holocaust Awareness Day
By Kealey Bultena & Steve Zwemke • Jan 27, 2016
Augustana University
In recognition of Holocaust Remembrance Day, author Patrick Hicks joined SDPB's Kealey Bultena to discuss his research and visits to the historical sites that served as Nazi death camps in Europe. Hicks is the author of over 10 books including The Commandant of Lubizek. He is Writer-in-Residence at Augustana University in Sioux Falls.
Dakota Midday: WWII RAF Fighter Pilot John Wilkinson
By Steve Zwemke • Sep 9, 2015
www.battlestory.org
WWII RAF fighter pilot John Wilkinson is speaking this Saturday at the regular meeting of the Black Hills Veterans Writing Group. Wilkinson, now an American citizen living in Spearfish, flew the historic Spitfire and Hurricane fighters. He joined Dakota Midday to share some of his experiences and discuss his flying technique. Wilkinson's presentation on Saturday begins at 9:30 a.m. at Ellsworth Air Force Base's South Dakota Air and Space Museum.
Women Awarded For Volunteering During WWII
By Kealey Bultena • Aug 24, 2015
Two South Dakota women are Congressional Gold Medal recipients for their work during World War Two. The official ceremony in Washington, D.C. in December awarded the medals. Monday afternoon Governor Dennis Daugaard hosts a ceremony honoring the women.
The Congressional Gold Medal is one of the highest honors for civilians. South Dakotans Lois Schmidt and Pauline Hanson Brehe are recipients.
Civil Air Patrol Major Todd Epp says American leaders are acknowledging their service. He says Brehe and Schmidt were part of the original South Dakota Civil Air Patrol.
Spirit of '45 World War II Weekend Includes Local Ceremonies
By Jim Kent • Aug 14, 2015
Photo by Srey Austin
Ceremonies are scheduled this weekend at the Black Hills National Cemetery outside Sturgis and the National Cemetery in Hot Springs. The gatherings are part of a nationwide commemorative event recognizing veterans of World War Two and their sacrifices.
The "Keep the Spirit of '45 World War II 70th Anniversary Weekend" is a grass roots effort taking place in small towns and big cities from coast-to-coast. Events start on August 14…the day Japan surrendered to the U.S.…and continue through Sunday.
WWII Veteran Harold Jansen To Speak At Ellsworth
By Steve Zwemke • Aug 6, 2015
WWII veteran Harold Jansen of Rapid City will talk about his experiences as a U.S. Navy Ensign when the United States sought to retake the Philippines during the Battle of Leyte in October, 1944. His presentation, sponsored by the Black Hills Veterans Writing Group, takes place on Saturday from 9:00-11:30 a.m.
Centenarian Shares Story From Alps Through WWII & Hollywood
By Jim Kent • Apr 2, 2015
Courtesy Erica Sullivan
She was born in a ski lodge in the Italian Alps, rode a tandem bike with her husband through France to escape Hitler's advancement across Europe, lived in New York City, worked in Hollywood during its heyday with such luminaries as Loretta Young, sat down to lunch regularly with Star Trek creator Gene Rodenberry…and the list goes on.
NSU Honors WWII Pilot And Alum With Statue
By Jackie Hendry • Jun 12, 2014
Aberdeen News
As the second highest-scoring Navy ace in U.S. history, South Dakota's Capt. Cecil E. Harris' achievements as a fighter pilot during World War II garnered him local and national recognition. Harris shot down 24 enemy warplanes in 81 days while never taking a single bullet in his own plane. The Cresbard native and Northern State University Alumni's accomplishments prompted his alma mater's decision to honor him with an 8-foot bronze statue in his likeness.
A Seabee's Story
By Steve Zwemke • Apr 11, 2013
Lt. Col. George A. Larson (USAF-Ret.) is giving a talk about his sixth book, "A Seabee's Story: Tinian and Okinawa B-29s and the Air War Against Japan," to the Black Hills Veterans Writers Group Saturday morning at Western Dakota Technical Institute in Rapid City. The book includes the stories of his father, George W. Wilson, who was a Navy Seabee during WWII. Larson shared some of what he learned from his father about his military service on Dakota Midday.
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When it comes to community, one of the blessings is coming together to support each other's strengths and attributes. This is the premise behind the creation of Mountain Arts Collective, located in the Train Depot in historic downtown Truckee. Created by three local artists, Mountain Arts Collective is a gallery that highlights the artisan craftsmanship of many local artists. The welcoming space offers beautiful handcrafted treasures like the age-old traditional weaving ways of the Navajo, Andean Pebble Weaving and Kumihimo, the art of Japanese braiding. The shop also offers stunning nature-inspired woodwork, jewelry, modern art, eye-catching photography, glass art and hand-knitted shawls. Beyond these magnificent items, the store also becomes a showcase for a specific local artist each month, giving opportunity to see the full spectrum of their unique artistic gifts.


text:
package com.shc.webgl4j.client;

/**
 * @author Sri Harsha Chilakapati
 */
public final class EXT_shader_texture_lod
{
    /* Prevent instantiation */
    private EXT_shader_texture_lod()
    {
    }

    public static boolean isSupported()
    {
        if (!WebGL10.isSupported())
            return false;

        if (!WebGL10.isContextCompatible())
            throw new IllegalStateException("You must have a WebGL context >= 1.0 to check if extension is supported.");

        for (String supportedExtension : WebGL10.glGetSupportedExtensions())
        {
            switch (supportedExtension)
            {
                case "EXT_shader_texture_lod":
                case "O_EXT_shader_texture_lod":
                case "IE_EXT_shader_texture_lod":
                case "MOZ_EXT_shader_texture_lod":
                case "WEBKIT_EXT_shader_texture_lod":
                    return true;
            }
        }

        return false;
    }

    public static void enableExtension()
    {
        if (!WebGL10.isContextCompatible())
            throw new IllegalStateException("You must have a WebGL context >= 1.0 to enable this extension.");

        if (!isSupported())
            throw new RuntimeException("This browser does not support the EXT_shader_texture_lod extension.");

        if (!isExtensionEnabled())
            nEnableExtension();
    }

    public static native boolean isExtensionEnabled() /*-{
        return typeof ($wnd.gl.estl_ext) !== 'undefined';
    }-*/;

    private static native void nEnableExtension() /*-{
        $wnd.gl.estl_ext = $wnd.gl.getExtension('EXT_shader_texture_lod') ||
            $wnd.gl.getExtension('O_EXT_shader_texture_lod') ||
            $wnd.gl.getExtension('IE_EXT_shader_texture_lod') ||
            $wnd.gl.getExtension('MOZ_EXT_shader_texture_lod') ||
            $wnd.gl.getExtension('WEBKIT_EXT_shader_texture_lod');
    }-*/;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Download Report and attach to email I would like to ask if anyone knows the thing that i want to do:
I have a report in microsoft report server that's waiting for a parameter (person_id) to make the fulfill.
I need to send an email with the report of each person_id. I need to run a function that runs my report called per_permissions.rdl download it and attached the file to send it by email. Example in vb.net code
strSql = "SELECT per_id,per_email FROM person"
dt_person = getDataTable(strSql)

For each dr_person As DataRow in dt_persona.Rows
 attached_file = mysticFunction(dr_person("per_id"))
 ...
Next

Public Shared Sub DownloadFile(ByVal _URL As String, ByVal _SaveAs As String)
  Try
    Dim _WebClient As New System.Net.WebClient()
    _WebClient.DownloadFile(_URL, _SaveAs)
  Catch _Exception As Exception
    Console.WriteLine("Exception caught in process: {0}", _Exception.ToString())
  End Try
End Sub

A: Yes, it is fairly simple. Using the ReportExecutionService.Render method you can render the report however you want. We've used this to run reports and attach them to emails automatically.
The MSDN site has some code to get you started.
To add a reference to the report execution web service, right-click References, select Add Service Reference... and add a reference to the web service that will look something like:
http://MyReportServer/ReportServer/ReportExecution2005.asmx

You will also need the report service web service, which is:
http://MyReportServer/ReportServer/ReportService2005.asmx


The new, and last, portion of the Self-Consciousness section is devoted to three main sets dialectical developments. Two of these, which Hegel deals with rather briefly by comparison to the other - the longer last portion - focus specifically on two major philosophical (and indeed, cultural) movements originating in antiquity: Stoicism and Skepticism.
I'll be writing in more detail about Hegel's treatment of Stoicism in another entry -- elsewhere he does discuss at greater length what he takes the world-historical importance and contributions of that school of philosophy to have been, and it is interesting to compare this with his treatment in the Phenomenology.


Transpersonal psychology brings into the purview of empirical enquiry that realm of experience deemed transcendent or numinous. At the beginning of the twentieth century William James forged links between the new discipline and the worlds of religion and philosophy with his seminal text, "The Varieties of Religious Experience." James emphasised the crucial role of subjective experience in the endeavour to explore the human psyche. Laboratory science was in the ascendant, however, and attention soon focused on that which could be observed and measured.
The new experimentalists were intent on breaking experience down into measurable sensory units. James, with his concept of the transitive, relational "stream of consciousness", decried the reductionist tendency to atomise experience, and delivered a cogent critique of the application of positivist methodologies to psychology that still has resonance today. His call went unheeded. The preoccupation with stimulus and response would win the day, eclipsing James' ideas in the decades to come.
A mission statement, composed by John Watson in 1913, urged that psychology abandon all allusions to consciousness. Behaviourism was born in that year and would dominate the field of psychological enquiry for half a century, the mantle passing to B. F. Skinner in the nineteen thirties. In accordance with its focus solely on observable behaviour, references to the soul, inner life and conscious experience were abjured by the majority of academics and theorists.
As transpersonal theorists engage with scientific psychology, the discipline is changing. This is evident in the creative encounter between Eastern mystical traditions and Western psychology , in the transcendence of traditional boundaries between science, the arts and humanities and in the development of methods of research that attempt to understand, rather than simply explain, human experience .
Consciousness includes transpersonal experience. The transpersonal self, called in Sanskrit sat-chit-ananda, being-consciousness-bliss, has been copiously described in both Eastern and Western spiritual traditions. Many maps exist for this dimension of being, and many disciplines offer techniques to still the mind and transcend the limitations of the ego.


There is a lot of rendering code in Unreal Engine 4 (UE4) so it is hard to get a quick high level view of what is going on. A good place to start reading through the code is FDeferredShadingSceneRenderer::Render, which is where a new frame is rendered on the rendering thread. It is also useful to do a profilegpu command and look through the draw events. You can then do a Find in Files in Visual Studio on the draw event name to find the corresponding C++ implementation.
See Shader Development for information on working with shaders.
See Coordinate Spaces for an explanation of Coordinate Space terminology used in UE4.
stat unit Shows overall frame time as well as the game thread, rendering thread, and GPU times. Whichever is the longest is the bottleneck. However, GPU time contains idle time, so is only the bottleneck if it is the longest and stands alone.
Ctrl+Shift+. or recompileshaders changed Recompile shaders that have changed since you last saved the .usf file. This will automatically happen on load.
Ctrl+Shift+; or profilegpu Measure GPU timings for the view being rendered. You can view the results in the UI that pops up or in the engine log.
Vis or VisualizeTexture Visualize the contents of various render targets with the ability to save as bmp.
show x Toggles specified show flag. Use show to get the list of showflags and their current state. In the editor, use the viewport UI instead.
pause Pauses the game, but continues rendering. Any simulation rendering work will stop.
debugcreateplayer 1 For testing splitscreen.
r.CompositionGraphDebug Execute to get a single frame dump of the composition graph of one frame (post processing and lighting).
r.DumpShaderDebugInfo When set to 1, will cause any shaders that are then compiled to dump debug info to GameName/Saved/ShaderDebugInfo.
r.RenderTargetPoolTest Clears the texture returned by the rendertarget pool with a special color to track down color leaking bugs.
r.SetRes Set the display resolution for the current game view. Has no effect in the editor.
r.ViewportTest Allows to test different Viewport rectangle configuations (in game only) as they can happen when using Matinee/Editor.
-d3ddebug Enables the D3D11 debug layer, useful for catching API errors.
-sm4 Forces Feature Level SM4 with the D3D11 RHI.
-opengl3 / -opengl4 Forces use of OpenGL RHI at the specified feature level.
-ddc=noshared Prevents the use of network (shared) Derived Data Cache. Can be useful when debugging shader caching issues.
The renderer code exists in its own module, which is compiled to a dll for non-monolithic builds. This allows faster iteration as we do not have to relink the entire application when rendering code changes. The Renderer module depends on Engine because it has many callbacks into Engine. However, when the Engine needs to call some code in the Renderer, this happens through an interface, usually IRendererModule or FSceneInterface.
In UE4, the scene as the renderer sees it is defined by primitive components and the lists of various other structures stored in FScene. An Octree of primitives is maintained for accelerated spatial queries.
There is a Rendering Thread in UE4 which operates in parallel with the game thread. Most classes that bridge the gap between the game thread and rendering thread are split into two parts based on which thread has ownership of that state.
UWorld A world contains a collection of Actors and Components that can interact with each other. Levels can be streamed in and out of the world, and multiple worlds can be active in the program.
ULevel Collection of Actors and Components that are loaded / unloaded together and saved in a single map file.
USceneComponent Base class of any object that needs to be added to an FScene, like lights, meshes, fog, etc.
UPrimitiveComponent Base class of anything that can be rendered or interact with physics. Also acts as the granularity of visibility culling and rendering property specification (casts shadows, etc). Just like all UObjects, the game thread owns all variables and state and the rendering thread should not access it directly.
ULightComponent Represents a light source. The Renderer is responsible for computing and adding its contribution to the scene.
FScene Renderer version of the UWorld. Objects only exist to the renderer once they are added to the FScene, which is called registering a component. The rendering thread owns all states in the FScene -the game thread cannot modify it directly.
FPrimitiveSceneProxy Renderer version of UPrimitiveComponent, mirrors UPrimitiveComponent state for the rendering thread. Exists in the engine module and intended to be subclassed to support different types of primitives (skeletal, rigid, BSP, etc). Implements some very important functions like GetViewRelevance, DrawDynamicElements, etc.
FPrimitiveSceneInfo Internal renderer state (specific to the FRendererModule implementation) that corresponds to a UPrimitiveComponent and FPrimitiveSceneProxy. Exists in the renderer module, so the engine cannot see it.
FSceneView Engine representation of a single view into an FScene. A scene can be rendered with different views in different calls to FSceneRenderer::Render (multiple editor viewports) or with multiple views in the same call to FSceneRenderer::Render (splitscreen in game). A new View is constructed for each frame.
FViewInfo Internal renderer representation of a view, exists in the renderer module.
FSceneViewState The ViewState stores private renderer information about a view which is needed across frames. In game, there is one view state per ULocalPlayer.
FSceneRenderer A class created each frame to encapsulate inter-frame temporaries.
Here is a list of the primary classes arranged by which module they are in. This becomes important when you are trying to figure out how to solve linker issues.
And the same classes arranged by which thread has ownership of their state. It is important to always be mindful of what thread owns the state you are writing code for, to avoid causing race conditions.
FMaterial An interface to a material used for rendering. Provides access to material properties (e.g. blend mode). Contains a shader map used by the renderer to retrieve individual shaders.
FMaterialResource UMaterial's implementation of the FMaterial interface.
FMaterialRenderProxy A material's representation on the rendering thread. Provides access to an FMaterial interface and the current value of each scalar, vector, and texture parameter.
UMaterialInterface [abstract] Game thread interface for material functionality. Used to retrieve the FMaterialRenderProxy used for rendering and the UMaterial that is used as the source.
UMaterial A material asset. Authored as a node graph. Computes material attributes used for shading, sets blend mode, etc.
UMaterialInstance [abstract] An instance of a UMaterial. Uses the node graph in the UMaterial but provides different parameters (scalars, vectors, textures, static switches). Each instance has a parent UMaterialInterface. Therefore a material instance's parent may be a UMaterial or another UMaterialInstance. This creates a chain that will eventually lead to a UMaterial.
UMaterialInstanceConstant A UMaterialInstance that may only be modified in the editor. May provide scalar, vector, texture, and static switch parameters.
UMaterialInstanceDynamic A UMaterialInstance that may be modified at runtime. May provide scalar, vector, and texture parameters. It cannot provide static switch parameters and it cannot be the parent of another UMaterialInstance.
Primitive components are the basic unit of visibility and relevance determination. For example, occlusion and frustum culling happen on a per-primitive basis. Therefore it is important when designing a system to think about how big to make components. Each component has a bounds that is used for various operations like culling, shadow casting, and light influence determination.
Components only become visible to the scene (and therefore the renderer) when they are registered. Game thread code that changes a component's properties must call MarkRenderStateDirty() on the component to propagate the change to the rendering thread.
FPrimitiveSceneProxy is the rendering thread version of UPrimitiveComponent that is intended to be subclassed depending on the component type. It lives in the Engine module and has functions called during rendering passes. FPrimitiveSceneInfo is the primitive component state that is private to the renderer module.
GetViewRelevance Called from InitViews at the beginning of the frame, and returns a populated FPrimitiveViewRelevance.
DrawDynamicElements Called to draw the proxy in any passes which the proxy is relevant to. Only called if the proxy indicated it has dynamic relevance.
DrawStaticElements Called to submit StaticMesh elements for the proxy when the primitive is being attached on the game thread. Only called if the proxy indicated it has static relevance.
The renderer processes the scene in the order that it wants to composite data to the render targets. For example, the Depth only pass is rendered before the Base pass, so that Heirarchical Z (HiZ) will be populated to reduce shading cost in the base pass. This order is statically defined by the order pass functions are called in C++.
FPrimitiveViewRelevance is the information on what effects (and therefore passes) are relevant to the primitive. A primitive may have multiple elements with different relevance, so FPrimitiveViewRelevance is effectively a logical OR of all the element's relevancies. This means that a primitive can have both opaque and translucent relevance, or dynamic and static relevance; they are not mutually exclusive.
FPrimitiveViewRelevance also indicates whether a primitive needs to use the dynamic and/or static rendering path with bStaticRelevance and bDynamicRelevance.
Drawing policies contain the logic to render meshes with pass specific shaders. They use the FVertexFactory interface to abstract the mesh type, and the FMaterial interface to abstract the material details. At the lowest level, a drawing policy takes a set of mesh material shaders and a vertex factory, binds the vertex factory's buffers to the Rendering Hardware Interface (RHI), binds the mesh material shaders to the RHI, sets the appropriate shader parameters, and issues the RHI draw call.
Constructor Finds the appropriate shader from the given vertex factory and material shader map, stores these references.
CreateBoundShaderState Creates an RHI bound shader state for the drawing policy.
Matches/Compare Provides methods to sort the drawing policy with others in the static draw lists. Matches must compare on all the factors that DrawShared depends on.
DrawShared Sets RHI state that is constant between drawing policies that return true from Matches. For example, most drawing policies sort on material and vertex factory, so shader parameters depending only on the material can be set, and the vertex buffers specific to the vertex factory can be bound. State should always be set here if possible instead of SetMeshRenderState, since DrawShared is called less times in the static rendering path.
SetMeshRenderState Sets RHI state that is specific to this mesh, or anything not set in DrawShared. This is called many more times than DrawShared so performance is especially critical here.
DrawMesh Actually issues the RHI draw call.
UE4 has a dynamic path which provides more control but is slower to traverse, and a static rendering path which caches scene traversal as close to the RHI level as possible. The difference is mostly high level, since they both use drawing policies at the lowest level. Each rendering pass (drawing policy) needs to be sure to handle both rendering paths if needed.
The dynamic rendering path uses TDynamicPrimitiveDrawer and calls DrawDynamicElements on each primitive scene proxy to render. The set of primitives that need to use the dynamic path to be rendered is tracked by FViewInfo::VisibleDynamicPrimitives. Each rendering pass needs to iterate over this array, and call DrawDynamicElements on each primitive's proxy. DrawDynamicElements of the proxy then needs to assemble as many FMeshElements as it needs and submit them with DrawRichMesh or TDynamicPrimitiveDrawer::DrawMesh. This ends up creating a new temporary drawing policy, calling CreateBoundShaderState, DrawShared, SetMeshRenderState, and finally DrawMesh.
The dynamic rendering path provides a lot of flexibility because each proxy has a callback in DrawDynamicElements where it can execute logic specific to that component type. It also has minimal insertion cost but high traversal cost, because there is no state sorting, and nothing is cached.
The static rendering path is implemented through static draw lists. Meshes are inserted into the draw lists when they are attached to the scene. During this insertion, DrawStaticElements on the proxy is called to collect the FStaticMeshElements. A drawing policy instance is then created and stored, along with the result of CreateBoundShaderState. The new drawing policy is sorted based on its Compare and Matches functions and inserted into the appropriate place in the draw list (see TStaticMeshDrawList::AddMesh). In InitViews, a bitarray containing visibility data for the static draw list is initialized and passed into TStaticMeshDrawList::DrawVisible where the draw list is actually drawn. DrawShared is only called once for all the drawing policies that match each other, while SetMeshRenderState and DrawMesh are called for each FStaticMeshElement (see TStaticMeshDrawList::DrawElement).
The static rendering path moves a lot of work to attach time, which significantly speeds up scene traversal at rendering time. Static draw list rendering is about 3x faster on the rendering thread for Static Meshes, which allows a lot more Static Meshes in the scene. Because static draw lists cache data at attach time, they can only cache view independent state. Primitives that are rarely reattached but often rendered are good candidates for the static draw lists.
The static rendering path can expose bugs because of the way it only calls DrawShared once per state bucket. These bugs can be difficult to detect, since they depend on the rendering order and the attach order of meshes in the scene. Special view modes such as lighting only, unlit, etc will force all primitives to use the dynamic path, so if a bug goes away when forcing the dynamic rendering path, there is a good chance it is due to an incorrect implementation of a drawing policy's DrawShared and/or the Matches function.
GSceneRenderTargets.Allocate Reallocates the global scene render targets to be large enough for the current view, if needed.
InitViews Initializes primitive visibility for the views through various culling methods, sets up dynamic shadows that are visible this frame, intersects shadow frustums with the world if necessary (for whole scene shadows or preshadows).
PrePass / Depth only pass RenderPrePass / FDepthDrawingPolicy. Renders occluders, outputting only depth to the depth buffer. This pass can operate in several modes: disabled, occlusion only, or complete depths, depending on what is needed by active features. The usual purpose of this pass is to initialize Hierarchical Z to reduce the shading cost of the Base pass, which has expensive pixel shaders.
Base pass RenderBasePass / TBasePassDrawingPolicy. Renders opaque and masked materials, outputting material attributes to the GBuffer. Lightmap contribution and sky lighting is also computed here and put in scene color.
Issue Occlusion Queries / BeginOcclusionTests Kicks off latent occlusion queries that will be used in the next frame's InitViews. These are done by rendering bounding boxes around the objects being queried, and sometimes grouping bounding boxes together to reduce draw calls.
Lighting Shadowmaps are rendered for each light and light contribution is accumulated to scene color, using a mix of standard deferred and tiled deferred shading. Light is also accumulated in the translucency lighting volumes.
Fog Fog and atmosphere are computed per-pixel for opaque surfaces in a deferred pass.
Translucency Translucency is accumulated into an offscreen render target where it has fogging applied per-vertex so it can integrate into the scene. Lit translucency computes final lighting in a single pass to blend correctly.
Post Processing Various post process effects are applied using the GBuffers. Translucency is composited into the scene.
This is a fairly simplified and high level view. To get more details, look through the relevant code or the log output of a 'profilegpu'.
The RHI is a thin layer above the platform specific graphics API. The RHI abstraction level in UE4 is as low level as possible, with the intention that most features can be written in platform independent code and 'just work' on all platforms that support the required feature level.
Feature sets are quantized into ERHIFeatureLevel to keep the complexity low. If a platform cannot support all of the features required for a Feature Level, it must drop down in levels until it can.
SM5 Generally corresponds with D3D11 Shader Model 5, except only 16 textures can be used because of OpenGL 4.3 limits. Supports tessellation, compute shaders and cubemap arrays. The deferred shading path is supported.
SM4 Corresponds to D3D11 Shader Model 4, which is generally the same as SM5, except no tessellation, compute shaders or cubemap arrays. The deferred shading path is supported. Eye Adaptation is not supported as it uses compute shaders.
ES2 Corresponds to the features supported by most OpenGL ES2 mobile devices. Uses a pared down forward shading path.
Render states are grouped based on what part of the pipeline they affect. For example, RHISetDepthState sets all state relevant to depth buffering.
All other states are assumed to be at their defaults (as defined by the relevant TStaticState, for example the default stencil state is set by RHISetStencilState(TStaticStencilState<>::GetRHI()).


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"There's a lot of blood and guts evident in Osypov's playing and in his tunes. Dark undercurrents and traces of Osypov's formative rock energy and punk anarchy turn up on I in the oddest places, which only add to its overall charm" (allaboutjazz.com)
Guitarist and composer Igor Osypov with his crunchy, slightly distorted sound has become one of the distinct voices in jazz as well as indie-rock and fusion. His playing with "blood and guts" brings a "fresh and complete concept" (allaboutjazz.com) to concert stages and jazz clubs all over the world. One of the albums that he has worked on as a part of Logan Richardson's project "Blues People" has been listed under the top 3 jazz albums of 2018 by the New York Times.
"A secret weapon from Ukraine" (Jazz Times), Igor earned his recognition by touring internationally and also recording with some of the greatest artists. Among those are Logan Richardson (both of his latest projects SHIFT and Blues People), Kurt Rosenwinkel, Nasheet Waits, Tech N9ne, Josh Ginsburg, Wanja Slavin, Bodek Janke, Diego Pinera, Elias Stemeseder and others. All while developing his own band, and recording his debut ("I", Unit Records, 2015) and sophomore ("Dream Delivery", For-Tune, 2016) albums.
Both as a sideman and a band leader Igor took part in a number of major jazz festivals and events around the globe such as NPR Tiny Desk, Copenhagen Jazz Festival, Montreaux Jazz Festival and others. He won awards in many different contests in Europe such as Montauban Jazz, Smietana jazz guitar competition and Jazz nad Odra.
Igor has been developing his own unique multilayered style of playing whilst studying at the Jazz Institute Berlin with renowned musicians such as Kurt Rosenwinkel, John Hollenbeck, Greg Cohen, Gerard Presencer, Marc Muellbauer, Tino Derado, Wolfgang Köhler, Jörg Achim Keller and others. During his studying Igor was awarded with Deutschlandstipendium and JIB-Jazz-Preis der Karl Hofer Gesellschaft 2015. Shortly after his graduation as a Master of composition in 2019 Igor was granted the scholarship Elsa-Neumann Stipendium. In 2020, Igor is working simultaneously on two interconnected projects, both of which deal with the concept of Motherland in different ways
FOLLOW ME
© 2020 BY IGOR OSYPOV


Legrand design engineers have come up with an effective and efficient earthing system which ensures protection of personnel and equipment from danger associated with fault currents. The earth termination network is the means through which the current is dissipated into the earth.
Soil Resistivity surveys to determine ground resistivity.
Chemical composition of soil – certain salts and minerals affect soil resistivity.
Temperature – if the ground is frozen its resistance is much higher.
The extent of any buried services which could affect the earth termination network.
Details of metallic service pipes, rails, tanks, etc., which may need grounding to the earthing system to prevent the danger of side flashing.
Area available for installing earth electrodes.


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text:
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alisha21j41683 2019-01-13 18:40
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Main Blog > Why I Will Never Have a Girlfriend
Why I Will Never Have a Girlfriend
Miss Cellania • Tuesday, July 10, 2012 at 5:04 AM
by Tristan Miller
Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto
Informal empirical and anecdotal evidence from the (male) scientific community has long pointed to the difficulty in securing decent, long-term female companionship. To date, however, no one has published a rigorous study of the matter. In this essay, the author investigates himself as a case study and presents a proof, using simple statistical calculus, of why it is impossible to find a girlfriend.
Figure 1. A representative sample of individuals who will never be the author's girlfriend. Photo: Library of Congress
Why Don't I Have a Girlfriend?
This is a question that practically every male has asked himself at one point or another in his life. Unfortunately, there is rarely a hard and fast answer to the query. Many men try to reason their way through the dilemma nonetheless, often reaching a series of ridiculous explanations, each more self-deprecating than the last: "Is it because I'm too shy, and not aggressive enough? Is it my opening lines? Am I a boring person? Am I too fat or too thin? Or am I simply ugly and completely unattractive to women?" When all other plausible explanations have been discounted, most fall back on the time-honoured conclusion that "there must be Something Wrong™ with me" before resigning themselves to lives of perpetual chastity.1
Not the author, though. I, for one, refuse to spend my life brooding over my lack of luck with women. While I'll be the first to admit that my chances of ever entering into a meaningful relationship with someone special are practically non-existent, I staunchly refuse to admit that it has anything to do with some inherent problem with me. Instead, I am convinced that the situation can be readily explained in purely scientific terms, using nothing more than demographics and some elementary statistical calculus.
Lest anyone suspect that my standards for women are too high, let me allay those fears by enumerating in advance my three criteria for the match. First, the potential girlfriend must be approximately my age — let's say 21 plus or minus three or four years. Second, the girl must be beautiful (and I use that term allen compassingly to refer to both inner and outer beauty). Third, she must also be reasonably intelligent —she doesn't have to be Mensa material, but the ability to carry on a witty, insightful argument would be nice. So there they are — three simple demands, which I'm sure everyone will agree are anything but unreasonable.
That said, I now present my demonstration of why the probability of finding a suitable candidate fulfilling the three above-noted requirements is so small as to be practically impossible — in other words, why I will never have a girlfriend. I shall endeavour to make this proof as rigorous as the available data permits. And I should note, too, that there will be no statistical trickery involved here; I have cited all my sources and provided all relevant calculations2 in case anyone wishes to conduct their own independent review. Let's now take a look at the figures.
Number of people on Earth (in 1998): 5,592,830,000
[CB99, Table A–3]
We start with the largest demographic in which I am interested — namely, the population of this planet. That is not to say I'm against the idea of interstellar romance, of course; I just don't assess the prospect of finding myself a nice Altairian girl as statistically significant. Now anyway, the latest halfway-reliable figures we have for Earth's population come from the United States Census Bureau's 1999 World Population Profile [CB99]. Due presumably to the time involved in compiling and processing census statistics, said report's data is valid only as of 1998, so later on we'll be making some impromptu adjustments to bring the numbers up to date.
…who are female: 2,941,118,000
I'd've thought that, given the title of this essay, this criterion goes without saying. In case anyone missed it, though, I am looking for exclusively female companionship. Accordingly, roughly half of the Earth's population must be discounted. Sorry, guys.
…in "developed" countries: 605,601,000
We now further restrict the geographical area of interest to so-called "first-world countries". My reasons for doing so are not motivated out of contempt for those who are economically disadvantaged, but rather by simple probability. My chances of meeting a babe from Bhutan or a goddess from Ghana, either in person or on the Internet, are understandably low. In fact, I will most likely spend nearly my entire life living and working in North America, Europe, and Australia, so it is to these types of regions that the numbers have been narrowed.
Figure 2. Another representative sample of individuals who will never be the author's girlfriend. Photo: Library of Congress.
…currently (in 2000) aged 18 to 25: 65,399,083
[CB99, Tables A–3, A–7]
Being neither a pedophile nor a geriatrophile, I would like to restrict my search for love to those whose age is approximately equal to my own. This is where things get a bit tricky, for two reasons: first, the census data is nearly two years old, and second, the "population by age" tables in WP/98 are not separated into individual ages but are instead quantized into "15–19" (of whom there are 39,560,000) and "20–44" (population 215,073,000). Women aged 15 to 19 in 1998 will be aged 17 to 21 in 2000; in this group, I'm interested in dating those 18 or older, so, assuming the "15–19" girls' ages are uniformly distributed, we have
Similarly, of 1998's "20–44" category, there are now
females within my chosen age limit. The sum, 66 059 680, represents the total number of females aged 18 to 25 in developed countries in 2000. Unfortunately, roughly 1% of these girls will have died since the census was taken.3 Thus, the true number of so-far eligible bachelorettes is 65 399 083.
…who are beautiful: 1,487,838
Personal attraction, both physically and personality-wise, is an important instigator of any relationship. Of course, beauty is a purely subjective trait whose interpretation may vary from person to person. Luckily it is not necessary for me to define beauty in this essay except to state that for any given beholder, it will probably be normally distributed amongst the population.4 Without going into the specifics of precisely which traits I admire, I will say that for a girl to be considered really beautiful to me, she should fall at least two standard deviations above the norm. From basic statistics theory, the area to the left of the normal curve at z = 2 is
and so it is this number with which we multiply our current population pool.
…and intelligent: 236,053
Again, intelligence can mean different things to different people, yet I am once more relieved of making any explanation by noting that it, like most other characteristics, has a notionally normal distribution across the population. Let's assume that I will settle for someone a mere one standard deviation above the normal; in that case, a further
of the population must be discounted.
…and not already committed: 118,027
I could find no hard statistics on the number of above-noted girls who are already married, engaged, or otherwise committed to a significant other, but informal observation and anecdotal evidence leads me to believe that the proportion is somewhere around 50%. (Fellow unattached males will no doubt have also noticed a preponderance of girls legitimately offering, "Sorry, I already have a boyfriend" as an excuse not to go on a date.) For reasons of morality (and perhaps too self-preservation), I'm not about to start hitting on girls who have husbands and boyfriends. Accordingly, that portion of the female population must also be considered off-limits.
…and also might like me: 18,726
Naturally, finding a suitable girl who I really like is no guarantee that she'll like me back. Assuming, as previously mentioned, that personal attractiveness is normally distributed, there is a mere 50% chance that any given female will consider me even marginally attractive. In practice, however, people are unlikely to consider pursuing a relationship with someone whose looks and personality just barely suffice. Let's make the rather conservative assumption, then, that a girl would go out with someone if and only if they were at least one standard deviation above her idea of average. In that case, referring to our previous calculation, only 15.8655% of females would consider someone with my physical characteristics and personality acceptable as a potential romantic partner.
Figure 3. A third representative sample of individuals who will never be the author's girlfriend. Photo: Library of Congress.
It is here, at a pool of 18,726 acceptable females, that we end our statistical analysis. At first glance, a datable population of 18,726 may not seem like such a low number, but consider this: assuming I were to go on a blind date with a new girl about my age every week, I would have to date for 3,493 weeks before I found one of the 18,726. That's very nearly 67 years. As a North American male born in the late 1970s, my life expectancy is probably little more than 70 years, so we can safely say that I will be quite dead before I find the proverbial girl of my dreams. Come to think of it, she'll probably be dead too.
[CB99] U.S. Bureau of the Census. Report WP/98, World Population Profile: 1998. U.S. Government Printing
Office, Washington, DC, 1999.
1. After a short period of brooding, of course, these males will eventually come to the realization that the real reason they were never able to get a girlfriend is that they were too discriminating with their attentions. They will consequently return to the dating scene, entering a sequence of blasé relationships with mediocre girls for whom they don't really care, until they finally marry one out of fear of spending the rest of their lives alone. I am convinced that this behaviour is the real reason for today's alarmingly high divorce rate.
2. Due to rounding, figures cited may not add up exactly.
3. [CB99] gives the annual death rate for developed countries as 10 per 1000, but does not list death rates per age group. Presumably, the death rate graphs as a bathtub curve, but in the absence of any numbers supporting this hypothesis, and for the sake of simplicity, I will conservatively estimate the death rate among this age group to be 1% biennially.
4. Despite my efforts to research the matter, I could find no data on the distribution of beauty, either outer or inner, amongst the population. Perhaps attractiveness, being a largely subjective trait, does not lend itself to quantification. It is not unreasonable, however, to assume that like most other traits, it has a normal distribution. Indeed, this assumption seems to be backed up by informal observation and judgment — in any reasonably large group of people, most of them will be average-looking, and a tiny minority either exceedingly beautiful or exceedingly ugly.
This article is republished with permission from the May-June 2002 issue of the Annals of Improbable Research. You can download or purchase back issues of the magazine, or subscribe to receive future issues. Or get a subscription for someone as a gift!
Visit their website for more research that makes people LAUGH and then THINK.
Tags: Girlfriend, Odds, Formula, Computation, Improbable Research
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BLACKLISTED: Mz • 10Jul12 5:52am • 0
nice analysis XD
...Forever Alone T_T
BLACKLISTED: Stan Atan • 10Jul12 6:55am • 0
I don't have a girlfriend simply because they can never seem to get along with my wife.
I'm here all week folks! Tip your waitress, etc.
BLACKLISTED: Amber 3 • 10Jul12 7:49am • 0
You did not account for the number of females you may be related to.
BLACKLISTED: afghan • 10Jul12 9:39am • 0
Oops -- one wants the area to the _right_ of z=2. Also, the claim is made that beauty and intelligence are independent traits.
I think Amber's fear can be discounted though -- without loss of generality, we can see that no one will find a girlfriend, so there's obviously no way for one's family tree to have ancestors, descendants, or distant relatives.
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"Why I Will Never Have a Girlfriend"


text:
/** Transforms for reading and writing Xml files. */
package org.apache.beam.sdk.io.xml;