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Pelodera strongyloides infection in Pacific Harbor seals (Phoca Vitulina Richardii) from California
Marine Mammals, Birds & Turtles
McHuron, Miller, Gardiner, Batac, Harvey
Lesions and behavior associated with forced copulation of juvenile Pacific harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardsi) by southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis),
Nineteen occurrences of interspecific sexual behavior between male southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) and juvenile Pacific harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardsi) were reported in Monterey Bay, California, between 2000 and 2002. At least three different male sea otters were observed harassing, dragging, guarding, and copulating with harbor seals for up to 7 d postmortem. Carcasses of 15 juvenile harbor seals were recovered, and seven were necropsied in detail by a veterinary pathologist. Necropsy findings from two female sea otters that were recovered dead from male sea otters exhibiting similar behavior are also presented to facilitate a comparison of lesions. The most frequent lesions included superficial skin lacerations; hemorrhage around the nose, eyes, flippers, and perineum; and traumatic corneal erosions or ulcers. The harbor seals sustained severe genital trauma, ranging from vaginal perforation to vagino-cervical transection, and colorectal perforations as a result of penile penetration. One harbor seal developed severe pneumoperitoneum subsequent to vaginal perforation, which was also observed in both female sea otters and has been reported as a postcoital lesion in humans. This study represents the first description of lesions resulting from forced copulation of harbor seals by sea otters and is also the first report of pneumoperitoneum secondary to forced copulation in a nonhuman animal. Possible explanations for this behavior are discussed in the context of sea otter biology and population demographics., Marine Mammals, Birds & Turtles, ,
Harris, Oates, Staedler, Tinker, Jessup, Harvey, Miller
Assessing avian predation on juvenile salmonids using passive integrated transponder tag recoveries and mark-recapture methods,
Many populations of coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch and steelhead O. mykiss are listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Until recently, the role of avian predation in limiting recovery of coho salmon and steelhead in central California coastal watersheds has been overlooked. We used recoveries of passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags from Año Nuevo Island (ANI), a breeding site for several species of piscivorous seabirds, to estimate predation rates on juvenile salmonids and identify susceptible life stages and species responsible for predation. A total of 34,485 PIT tags were deployed in coho salmon and steelhead in six watersheds in San Mateo and Santa Cruz counties. Tags were deposited on ANI by predators after ingestion of tagged fish. Because tags were not removed from the island and were detected on multiple sampling occasions, we were able to use mark-recapture models to generate a corrected minimum predation estimate. We used POPAN, a variation of the Jolly-Seber model, to generate an estimate of gross population abundance, which accounted for tags deposited on the island but not detected during surveys. Detections of 196 tags from surveys conducted between autumn 2006 and spring 2009 were incorporated into the model, producing a gross population estimate of 242 tags (SE = 9.8). Addition of tags detected between autumn 2009 and 2010 to the abundance estimate from POPAN produced a new minimum estimate of 362 tags on ANI. Western gulls Larus occidentalis probably were the primary predator depositing tags on ANI. Minimum predation estimates ranged from 0.1% (Soquel Creek) to 4.6% (Waddell Creek) of outmigrating coho salmon and steelhead smolts. Predation was potentially greater given still unquantified deposition of tags off-colony and destruction of tags during digestive processes of predators. Finally, avian predators targeted estuary-reared fish, which contributed disproportionately to adult populations, further impacting imperiled salmon populations. © American Fisheries Society 2012., Marine Mammals, Birds & Turtles, CODEN: NAJMD, ,
Frechette, Osterback, Hayes, Bond, Moore, Shaffer, Harvey
Domoic acid exposure and associated clinical signs and histopathology in Pacific harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardii),
Domoic acid (DA) is a potent neurotoxin that has caused strandings and mortality of seabirds and marine mammals off the California coast. Pacific harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardii) are an abundant, nearshore species in California; however, DA exposure and toxicosis have not been documented for harbor seals in this region. To investigate DA exposure in harbor seals, samples were collected from free-ranging and stranded seals off California to assess exposure, clinical signs of toxicosis, and brain lesions in harbor seals exposed to DA. Domoic acid was detected in 65% (17/26) of urine samples collected from apparently healthy free-ranging seals, with concentrations of 0.4-11.7. ng/ml. Domoic acid also was detected in feces (2.4-2887. ng/g), stomach contents (1.4. ng/g; stranded only), milk (2.2. ng/ml; stranded only), amniotic fluid (9.7. ng/ml; free-ranging only), fetal meconium (14.6-39.8. ng/g), and fetal urine (2.0-10.2. ng/ml). Clinical signs indicative of DA toxicosis were observed in two live-stranded seals, and included disorientation, seizures, and uncoordinated movements. Histopathology revealed the presence of brain lesions consistent with DA toxicosis in two live-stranded seals, and one free-ranging seal that died during capture. Results indicated that harbor seals were exposed to DA, exhibited clinical signs and histological lesions associated with DA exposure, and that pups were exposed to DA in utero and during lactation via milk. Future investigation is required to determine the magnitude of impact that DA has on the health and mortality of harbor seals. © 2013 Elsevier B.V., Marine Mammals, Birds & Turtles, CODEN: HAALD, ,
McHuron, Greig, Colegrove, Fleetwood, Spraker, Gulland, Harvey, Lefebvre, Frame
Hair sampling location in harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) affects selenium and mercury concentrations: Implications for study design of trace element determination in pinnipeds
Hair is used to determine trace elements exposure and status of pinnipeds because it is an excretory route for many elements and can be collected non-lethally. Despite increased use, there have been few studies on how sampling designs and procedures (e.g., hair type, collection site) affect results. The objective of this study was to determine whether concentrations of an essential (selenium; Se) and non-essential element (mercury; Hg) differed between hair samples collected from two body locations on harbor seals (Phoca vitulina). Concentrations of Se and total Hg (THg) differed between mid-dorsal midline and neck samples, and although the absolute differences were relatively small (Δabsolute Se=0.69μgg-1, Δabsolute THg=2.86μgg-1), the relative differences were large (Δrelative Se=49%, Δrelative THg=17%). These differences highlight the need to standardize the collection site for trace element determination in pinnipeds., Marine Mammals, Birds & Turtles Harbor Seals
McHuron, Harvey, Castellini, O'Hara
Chronic oiling of marine birds in California by natural petroleum seeps, shipwrecks, and other sources
We assessed temporal and spatial patterns of chronic oiling of seabirds in California during 2005-2010, using data on: (1) live oiled birds reported to the Oiled Wildlife Care Network (OWCN) from throughout the state, and (2) dead oiled birds found during systematic monthly beached-bird surveys in central California. A mean of 245 (±141 SD) live miscellaneous oiled birds (not associated with known oil spills) were reported to the OWCN per year, and 0.1 oiled dead birds km-1 per month were found on beach surveys in central California. Chemical fingerprinting of oiled feathers from a subset of these birds (n = 101) indicated that 89% of samples tested were likely from natural petroleum seeps off southern and central California. There was a pronounced peak during late winter in the number of oiled birds reported in southern California, which we theorize may be related to large storm waves disturbing underwater seeps. © 2013., Marine Mammals, Birds & Turtles, Article in Press
Henkel, Nevins, Martin, Sugarman, Harvey, Ziccardi
An application of underwater imaging for marine vertebrate ecology,
Moss Landing Marine Laboratories (MLML) and the National Marine Fisheries Service have conducted leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea) sea turtle research for the last eight years. Leatherbacks come to the central California coast to forage on concentrations of jellyfish that accumulate in the nutrient rich waters over the coastal shelf. The research includes tracking leatherbacks across the Pacific Ocean with satellite transmitters, suction-cup attachment of time-depth-recorders (TDR) tags, and collection of morphological data. The TDRs are used to record the dive profiles of the leatherbacks foraging for jellyfish near shore. The TDR data provide graphical representation of the dive profile, showing decent and ascent rates, along with variations or deviations in the ascent pattern. This paper describes an application of a modest, but unique underwater imagining system designed and constructed at MLML to answer some of the questions inspired by the dive profiles. MLML's Turtle Cam synchronizes dive profiles with video images, providing researchers with a tool that is giving new insights to leatherback foraging ecology. ©2010 IEEE., Marine Mammals, Birds & Turtles, Art. No.: 5664044, ,
Watson, Benson, Harvey
Corrigendum to "Total mercury body burden in Pacific harbor seal, Phoca vitulina richardii, pups from central California"
Marine Mammals, Birds & Turtles Harbor Seals, CODEN: MPNBA
Brookens, O'Hara, Taylor, Bratton, Harvey
Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in multiple tissues of wild and captive harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) off the California coast
Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios (δ13C and δ15N) of serum, red blood cells (RBC), muscle, and blubber were measured in captive and wild northeast Pacific harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardii) at three coastal California sites (San Francisco Bay, Tomales Bay, and Channel Islands). Trophic discrimination factors (ΔTissue-Diet) were calculated for captive seals and then applied in wild counterparts in each habitat to estimate trophic position and feeding behavior. Trophic discrimination factors for δ15N of serum (+3.8‰), lipid-extracted muscle (+1.6‰), and lipid-blubber (+6.5‰) are proposed to determine trophic position. An offset between RBC and serum of +0.3‰ for δ13C and -0.6‰ for δ15N was observed, which is consistent with previous research. Specifically, weaner seals (<1 yr) had large offsets, suggesting strong trophic position shifts during this life stage. Isotopic values indicated an average trophic position of 3.6 at both San Francisco Bay and Tomales Bay and 4.2 at Channel Islands. Isotopic means were strongly dependent on age class and also suggested that mean diet composition varies considerably between all locations. Together, these data indicate that isotopic composition of blood fractions can be an effective approach to estimate trophic position and dietary behavior in wild pinnipeds. © 2011 by the Society for Marine Mammalogy., Cited By (since 1996):1, Marine Mammals, Birds & Turtles, CODEN: MMSCE
Germain, McCarthy, Koch, Harvey
Characterizing dispersal patterns in a threatened seabird with limited genetic structure,
Genetic assignment methods provide an appealing approach for characterizing dispersal patterns on ecological time scales, but require sufficient genetic differentiation to accurately identify migrants and a large enough sample size of migrants to, for example, compare dispersal between sexes or age classes. We demonstrate that assignment methods can be rigorously used to characterize dispersal patterns in a marbled murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus) population from central California that numbers approximately 600 individuals and is only moderately differentiated (FST∼ 0.03) from larger populations to the north. We used coalescent simulations to select a significance level that resulted in a low and approximately equal expected number of type I and II errors and then used this significance level to identify a population of origin for 589 individuals genotyped at 13 microsatellite loci. The proportion of migrants in central California was greatest during winter when 83% of individuals were classified as migrants compared to lower proportions during the breeding (6%) and post-breeding (8%) seasons. Dispersal was also biased toward young and female individuals, as is typical in birds. Migrants were rarely members of parent-offspring pairs, suggesting that they contributed few young to the central California population. A greater number of migrants than expected under equilibrium conditions, a lack of individuals with mixed ancestry, and a small number of potential source populations (two), likely allowed us to use assignment methods to rigorously characterize dispersal patterns for a population that was larger and less differentiated than typically thought required for the identification of migrants. © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd., Cited By (since 1996):11, Marine Mammals, Birds & Turtles, CODEN: MOECE, ,
Hall, Palsbøll, Beissinger, Harvey, Bérubé, Raphael, Nelson, Golightly, McFarlane-Tranquilla, Newman, Peery
Effects of rapid flight-feather molt on postbreeding dispersal in a pursuit-diving seabird,
Breeding seabirds have been well studied but seabird ecology during the nonbreeding season is poorly understood because many species disperse far from breeding colonies to molt at sea. We characterized the timing of prebasic molt and postbreeding dispersal, described postbreeding dispersal movements, and estimated changes in body mass during molt for Marbled Murrelets (Brachyramphus marmoratus; Alcidae) in central California, 1999-2004. According to mark-recapture and at-sea surveys, 248-315 of 496-637 individuals (43-50%) used Año Nuevo Bay, located immediately adjacent to nesting areas, for their prebasic molt in August-October. Long-distance dispersal (≥ 100 km) from Año Nuevo Bay by radiomarked Marbled Murrelets was low during breeding (9-13%, n = 46), but was greater for individuals radiomarked at the end of the breeding season (69-90%, n = 20). The mean dispersal dates were 18 May and 21 October for the breeding and postbreeding samples, respectively, and postbreeding dispersal occurred an average of two weeks after molt completion. Mean dispersal distances were 184 km and 256 km in the breeding and postbreeding periods, respectively. Of 12 long-distance dispersers, all moved south except one. Marbled Murrelets gained mass during molt (n = 184), except during a moderate El Niño event in 2002 when mass remained constant. However, birds did not take longer to molt in 2002, which suggests that individuals allocated more energy reserves to molt processes in that year. Apparently, sufficient prey resources were available in Año Nuevo Bay for both basic metabolic requirements and the demands of molt, even when water was moderately warm. © The American Ornithologists' Union, 2008., Cited By (since 1996):6, Marine Mammals, Birds & Turtles, CODEN: AUKJA, ,
Peery, Henkel, Newman, Becker, Harvey, Thompson, Beissinger
Evaluating the function of the male harbour seal, Phoca vitulina, roar through playback experiments,
The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of vocalizations produced during the breeding season by the male harbour seal, an aquatically breeding pinniped. During the spring of 1999, playback experiments were conducted at eight locations in Elkhorn Slough, California, U.S.A. Through an underwater speaker, we presented male harbour seals with three acoustic stimuli: a long-duration, low-frequency roar (LL), a short-duration, high-frequency roar (SH) and amplified water noise (control). Male responses to the playback boat were characterized by increased approach rates and aggressive flipper slapping during 62.5% of SH sessions (N=8), 25% of LL sessions (N=8) and 0% of control sessions (N=8). No more than one identifiable seal responded during each playback location. We observed no responses by female harbour seals to playbacks. We conclude from these experiments that territorial male harbour seals use roars given by intruders to locate and challenge intruders. © 2004 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved., Cited By (since 1996):11, Marine Mammals, Birds & Turtles, CODEN: ANBEA, ,
Hayes, Kumar, Costa, Mellinger, Harvey, Southall, Le Boeuf
Contaminant loads and hematological correlates in the harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) of San Francisco Bay, California,
An expanding body of research indicates that exposure to contaminants may impact marine mammal health, thus possibly contributing to population declines. The harbor seal population of the San Francisco Bay (SFB), California, has suffered habitat loss and degradation, including decades of environmental contamination. To explore the possibility of contaminant-induced health alterations in this population, blood levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were quantified in free-ranging seals; relationships between contaminant exposure and several key hematological parameters were examined; and PCB levels in the present study were compared with levels determined in SFB seals a decade earlier. PCB residues in harbor seal blood decreased during the past decade, but remained at levels great enough that adverse reproductive and immunological effects might be expected. Main results included a positive association between leukocyte counts and PBDEs, PCBs, and DDE in seals, and an inverse relationship between red blood cell count and PBDEs. Although not necessarily pathologic, these responses may serve as sentinel indications of contaminant-induced alterations in harbor seals of SFB, which, in individuals with relatively high contaminant burdens, might include increased rates of infection and anemia. Copyright© Taylor & Francis Inc., Cited By (since 1996):22 Marine Mammals, Birds & Turtles, CODEN: JTEHD, ,
Neale, Gulland, Schmelzer, Harvey, Berg, Allen, Greig, Grigg, Tjeerdema
At-sea mortality of seabirds based on beachcast and offshore surveys,
Although seabird population biology is relatively well studied, little data exists on mortality at-sea. Beached bird surveys are used to identify patterns of seabird mortality, but resulting patterns are difficult to interpret without corresponding data on at-sea density. We examined seabird mortality relative to at-sea density in Monterey Bay, California over 10 yr by integrating data from monthly beachcast seabird and offshore seabird censuses. Beachcast seabird numbers were relatively constant (mean 2.82 ± 0.31 seabirds km -1) throughout the year. At-sea seabird density (mean 148.9 ± 16.12 seabirds km-2) peaked in the summer upwelling period and was least in the winter Davidson period. A principal components analysis of seasonal climatic, prey availability, and anthropogenic variables for Monterey Bay derived 3 significant principal components (PCs) (explaining 70% of variance) characterized by storm activity and low prey availability (PC1), river discharge and krill abundance (PC2), and oiling (PC3). These principal components were used in detailed analyses of the 2 most abundant seabird species and indicate that sooty shearwater Puffinus griseus relative mortality is greatest during decreased productivity and increased storm activity. While relative mortality of common murres Uria aalge cannot be explained by the derived principal components, relative mortality increased in late winter when prey availability decreased concurrent with the annual increase in reproductive stress. Beachcast seabird data is difficult to interpret in isolation; however, when linked to at-sea densities of seabirds, it becomes a powerful tool to examine the relative impacts of oceanography and direct human perturbations on seabird demography. © Inter-Research 2009., Cited By (since 1996):1, Marine Mammals, Birds & Turtles, CODEN: MESED, ,
Newton, Croll, Nevins, Benson, Harvey, Tershy
Given their coastal site fidelity and opportunistic foraging behavior, harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) may serve as sentinels for coastal ecosystem health. Seals using urbanized coastal habitat can acquire enteric bacteria, including Vibrio that may affect their health. To understand Vibrio dynamics in seals, demographic and environmental factors were tested for predicting potentially virulent Vibrio in free-ranging and stranded Pacific harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardii) off California. Vibrio prevalence did not vary with season and was greater in free-ranging seals (29 %, n = 319) compared with stranded seals (17 %, n = 189). Of the factors tested, location, turbidity, and/or salinity best predicted Vibrio prevalence in free-ranging seals. The relationship of environmental factors with Vibrio prevalence differed by location and may be related to oceanographic or terrestrial contributions to water quality. Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio alginolyticus, and Vibrio cholerae were observed in seals, with V. cholerae found almost exclusively in stranded pups and yearlings. Additionally, virulence genes (trh and tdh) were detected in V. parahaemolyticus isolates. Vibrio cholerae isolates lacked targeted virulence genes, but were hemolytic. Three out of four stranded pups with V. parahaemolyticus (trh+ and/or tdh+) died in rehabilitation, but the role of Vibrio in causing mortality is unclear, and Vibrio expression of virulence genes should be investigated. Considering that humans share the environment and food resources with seals, potentially virulent Vibrio observed in seals also may be of concern to human health. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York., Marine Mammals, Birds & Turtles Harbor Seals, CODEN: MCBEB
Hughes, Greig, Miller, Byrne, Gulland, Harvey
Tidal movements of East Pacific green turtle Chelonia mydas at a foraging area in Baja California Sur, México,
We tracked East Pacific green turtles Chelonia mydas using GPS-VHF telemetry in Estero Banderitas, a tidally-influenced foraging area in Bahía Magdalena, Baja California Sur, México. Tidal currents were measured with a bottom-mounted Acoustic Doppler Profiler (ADP) and the data used to predict tidal current speed and direction at the location and time during which turtles were tracked. Twenty-nine turtles were tracked in the summers of 2000 to 2003. Vagility (mean ± SD; 18.6 ± 11.4 km d-1) and speed (0.83 ± 0.47 km h-1) of turtles was the greatest so far reported for green turtles at foraging areas. Turtles displayed highly linear movements, and movement patterns were circatidal. Vector correlation was used to compare turtle speed and direction with tidal speed and direction. Correlation coefficients were significant for 11 out of 13 tracks, indicating significant linear interdependence between turtles and tides. Speed and direction contributed equally to the correlation. Results indicated a new paradigm for green turtles in feeding areas, where turtles are transported on continual tides that allow them to exploit a patchy and seasonal distribution of algae, their main diet component. This tidal transport is markedly different than Selective Tidal Stream Transport, in which animals use either the ebb or flood tide for transport. Tidal currents may be an accurate indicator of turtle movement in tidal areas, and this transport system has implications for foraging ecology, energetics, and growth. © Inter-Research 2009., Cited By (since 1996):8, Marine Mammals, Birds & Turtles, CODEN: MESED, ,
Brooks, Harvey, Nichols
Hematology and serum chemistry comparisons between free-ranging and rehabilitated harbor seal (Phoca vitulina richardsi) pups
The objectives of this study were to compare the hematology and serum chemistry values between free-ranging and stranded harbor seal (Phoca vitulina richardsi) pups and to ascertain how blood values of stranded pups changed during the rehabilitation process. Coincident with these comparisons, reference values were obtained for free-ranging pups. Stranded harbor seal pups (n=28) recovered from areas between Pebble Beach and Moss Landing, California (USA) were admitted to The Marine Mammal Center, Sausalito, from March to May 1995, 1996, and 1998. Blood samples were collected from harbor seal pups before and after rehabilitation. As a control group, wild harbor seal pups were captured at Pebble Beach and Elkhorn Slough (n=42) during the 1995, 1996, and 1998 pupping seasons. Mean eosinophil and calcium values of wild pups were significantly greater than those of newly admitted pups, whereas mean bands, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin, and chloride values were significantly lower (P≤0.05). Mean neutrophil, band, lymphocyte, eosinophil, basophil, calcium, phosphorus, blood urea nitrogen, potassium, total protein, and globulin values of rehabilitated pups increased significantly after 2-3 mo in captivity, whereas, mean red blood cell, hemoglobin, hematocrit, cholesterol, and total bilirubin values decreased significantly (P≤0.05)., Cited By (since 1996):17, Marine Mammals, Birds & Turtles Harbor Seals
Lander, Harvey, Gulland
Aquatic mating strategies of the male pacific harbor seal (Phoca vitulina richardii),
Compared to the harem and resource defense systems of terrestrial mating pinnipeds, males of aquatic mating species appear unable to monopolize females or resources. We investigated movements, acoustics, and aquatic territorial behavior of male harbor seals, Phoca vitulina richardii, in Elkhorn Slough, California, using VHF telemetry, hydrophones, and acoustic playback experiments. During the mating season 22 males increased time spent in the water and away from haul-out locations, exhibiting activity patterns similar to Atlantic subspecies. Two acoustic display patterns were observed. At one location multiple males aggregated to display with acoustic activity peaking one month before peak estrus. At two other locations, lone males displayed primarily during peak estrus. Acoustic display areas were non-adjacent with a mean ± SE size of 4,228 ± 576 m2, similar to harbor seal display patterns in the Moray Firth, Scotland. Underwater playbacks of male vocalizations were used to define territorial boundaries by inducing responses from territory-holding males. Four solitary males defended adjacent territories (mean area 39,571 ± 18,818 m2) along a travel corridor, similar to observations of harbor seals at Miquelon, Newfoundland. Acoustic display stations appeared to be subcomponents of larger territories. Males exhibited site fidelity to territories for at least 2-A yr. Females moved through territories freely. The establishment of male-display territories along female-traffic corridors resembles terrestrial systems described as hotspot leks., Cited By (since 1996):15, Marine Mammals, Birds & Turtles, CODEN: MMSCE, ,
Hayes, Costa, Harvey, Le Boeuf
Diet estimation in California sea lions, Zalophus californianus
We performed a captive feeding experiment using California sea lions to assess biases associated with estimating pinniped diet using scats and spews. Sea lions were fed nine of their natural prey species: anchovy, sardine, Pacific mackerel, jack mackerel, hake, steelhead smolts, shortbelly rockfish, pink salmon, and market squid. Recovery percentages varied among prey species using otoliths and were improved for adult salmon and sardine using the all-structure method. Numerical and graded length correction factors provided better estimates of number and size of prey consumed. Four models used to determine the proportions of prey species consumed by a sea lion population were tested. The all-structure method and variable biomass reconstruction model, in conjunction with numerical and graded length correction factors, provided more accurate estimates than without. We provide numerical correction factors for all prey species, including correction factors for specific salmon bones: vertebrae, branchials, radials, teeth, gill rakers, and hypurals. © 2011 by the Society for Marine Mammalogy., Cited By (since 1996):2, Marine Mammals, Birds & Turtles, CODEN: MMSCE
Sweeney, Harvey
Distribution and abundance of and habitat use by harbor porpoise, Phocoena phocoena, off the northern San Juan Islands, Washington,
Boat surveys along randomly placed line transects were conducted from June to August 1991 and June to October 1992 to determine distribution and abundance of and habitat use by harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) off the northern San Juan Islands, Washington. There were 301 sightings (average 4.4 sightings/h) of 526 harbor porpoise during 73 random boat surveys, with group sizes of 1 to 8 individuals (mean=1.87, SE=0.06, n=278). An estimated 299 harbor porpoise (1.26 porpoise/km2, SE=0.20) were distributed in an aggregated pattern within a 237 km2 area (10% of Washington Sound), indicating that a large proportion (30%) of harbor porpoise in Washington Sound occur in the northern San Juan Islands. Harbor porpoise were distributed over a depth range from 20.1 to 235.0 m (mean= 141.6 m, SE=2.43, n=275) and were observed more than expected (P<0.05) in depths greater than 125 m and over shallow slopes (<10%) and observed less than expected (P<0.05) in depths less than 75 m. Porpoise occurred at sea surface temperatures of 10.1°to 16.3°C and were sighted more frequently than expected (P<0.05) in water temperatures of 11°to 12°C. Boat surveys along fixed location transects indicated distribution was similar between 1991 and 1992. The occurrence of harbor porpoise in deep water, at cooler sea surface temperatures, over shallow sloping seafloor, and in tidally mixed regions (owing to currents and tide rips) within our study area may, collectively, affect prey distribution and associated harbor porpoise distribution., Cited By (since 1996):12, Marine Mammals, Birds & Turtles, CODEN: FSYBA, ,
Raum-Suryan, Harvey
Beached birds and physical forcing in the California Current System,
Seabirds have often been proposed as environmental indicators. Beached bird data may provide an additional data source and such data is efficacious because it can reliably be collected by volunteers. In addition to anthropogenic factors, such as oil spills, changes in the ocean-atmosphere can affect carcass beaching rate in 3 non-exclusive ways: (1) direct mortality following storms, (2) mortality via bottom-up food web processes, and (3) increase in carcass delivery due to shifts in surface water movement. We used data from 3 volunteer-based beached bird data sets collected within the California Current System (CCS) to (1) examine the level of response to anomalous ocean conditions in 2005 and (2) explore the degree to which long-term beaching patterns could be explained by one or more of our proposed mechanisms. In 2005, anomalous die-offs of Cassin's auklet Ptychorhamphus aleuticus and the rhinoceros auklet Cerorhinca monocerata occurred in the winter in Monterey. By spring, anomalous die-offs of Brandt's cormorant Phalacrocorax pencillatus and the common murre Uria aalge occurred throughout the CCS. Over the longer term, increases in beaching were associated with changes in the timing and intensity of upwelling and, secondarily, with zonal winds aloft - a potential proxy of shifts in pelagic community composition. These results suggest that a bottom-up food web mechanism best explains seabird beaching, at least in the spring. Correlations of local measures of storminess to seabird beaching rates were weak to non-existent. Correlations were much stronger at the California site (8 yr) and weaker to non-existent at the Oregon site (26 yr). Collectively, these data suggest that relationships between ocean physics and beached bird response may be site specific and/or may reflect choices live birds make vis-à-vis non-breeding distribution. © Inter-Research 2007., Cited By (since 1996):9, Marine Mammals, Birds & Turtles, CODEN: MESED, ,
Parrish, Bond, Nevins, Mantua, Loeffel, Peterson, Harvey
Abundance, distribution, and habitat of leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) off California, 1990-2003
Leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) are regularly seen off the U.S. West Coast, where they forage on jellyfish (Scyphomedusae) during summer and fall. Aerial line-transect surveys were conducted in neritic waters (<92 m depth) off central and northern California during 1990-2003, providing the first foraging population estimates for Pacific leatherback turtles. Males and females of about 1.1 to 2.1 m length were observed. Estimated abundance was linked to the Northern Oscillation Index and ranged from 12 (coefficient of variation [CV] = 0.75) in 1995 to 379 (CV = 0.23) in 1990, averaging 178 (CV = 0.15). Greatest densities were found off central California, where oceanographic retention areas or upwelling shadows created favorable habitat for leatherback turtle prey. Results from independent telemetry studies have linked leatherback turtles off the U.S. West Coast to one of the two largest remaining Pacific breeding populations, at Jamursba Medi, Indonesia. Nearshore waters off California thus represent an important foraging region for the critically endangered Pacific leatherback turtle., Cited By (since 1996):16, CODEN: FSYBA, Marine Mammals, Birds & Turtles
Benson, Forney, Harvey, Carretta, Dutton
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Fox, W. (1792). An address to the people of Great Britain, on the propriety of abstaining from West India sugar and rum (24th ed.). London: Sold by M. Gurney.
Fox, William. An Address to the People of Great Britain, On the Propriety of Abstaining From West India Sugar and Rum. 24th ed. London: Sold by M. Gurney, 1792.


2016. First U.S. paperback edition.
Dear Uncle Morton: I know you don't want to be disturbed, but I have to tell you some very bad news. Ziggy has disappeared! --Eddie Eddie had thought that dragonsitting would be easy -- until Ziggy disappears, only to be found in the linen closet, refusing to budge. Then, Eddie learns that his uncle's dragon has been keeping a big secret. The Dragonsitter Takes Off is the second title in a new chapter book series, written completely in e-mails, that will have readers laughing out loud and begging for more!
Eddie agrees to "dragonsit" for his Uncle Morton, who has a pet dragon named Ziggy. What should have been a fun task becomes a nightmare when Ziggy disappears, only for Eddie to find him hiding in the linen closet with a secret.


TOPEKA, Kansas, September 20, 2011 (ENS) – Kansas Attorney General Derek Schmidt has asked a federal appeals court to block a new U.S. EPA regulation that requires power plants to reduce emissions that contribute to ozone and/or fine particle pollution in other states.
The EPA finalized the Cross-State Air Pollution Rule on July 6, 2011, saying it would protect the health of millions of Americans by helping 27 states reduce air pollution and attain clean air standards.
Arguing that the regulation is expected to increase the cost of electricity for Kansas consumers as soon as next year, Schmidt filed an appeal in the District of Columbia Circuit Court of Appeals on Monday.
The attorney general said compliance will require Kansas utilities to invest hundreds of millions of dollars in new emissions control equipment before January 1, 2012 – a timeline the state's utilities say is impossible to meet.
Schmidt said Kansas disputes the EPA's analysis of Kansas emissions levels, and contends that the federal agency is overestimating the state's contribution to downwind air quality.
"This is an example of the EPA imposing its will on the states rather than working cooperatively with Kansas toward the shared goal of cleaner air," Schmidt said.
But the EPA is under a court order to regulate pollution that travels across state borders.
The Cross-State Air Pollution Rule replaces EPA's 2005 Clean Air Interstate Rule, CAIR, written by the Bush administration EPA.
A December 2008 court decision kept the requirements of CAIR in place temporarily but directed the EPA to issue a new rule that would implement Clean Air Act requirements concerning the transport of air pollution across state boundaries.
The Cross-State Air Pollution Rule responds to the court's concerns.
"The benefits far outweigh the $800 million projected to be spent annually on this rule in 2014 and the roughly $1.6 billion per year in capital investments already underway as a result of CAIR," the agency says.
Environmentalists say the state should not be wasting time and resources to defend the poor management practices of Kansas utilities.
"These utilities include, but are not limited to, Dynegy, NRG Energy, and Exelon," Cole said.
Carried long distances across the country by wind and weather, power plant emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide continually travel across state lines.
As the pollution is transported, it reacts in the atmosphere and contributes to harmful levels of smog, or ground-level ozone, and fine particles, which are scientifically linked to widespread illnesses and premature deaths and prevent many cities and communities from enjoying healthy air quality.
The EPA says the new rule will improve air quality by cutting sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide emissions that contribute to pollution problems in other states.
By 2014, this rule and other state and EPA actions will reduce sulfur dioxide emissions by 73 percent from 2005 levels, says the EPA, which adds that nitrogen oxide emissions will drop by 54 percent.


Jaw, Impact, and Cone Crushers for rock, concrete, and more. HB Notes: Extremely portable, track mounted jaw crusher, equipped with 28" x 16" jaw. .. MIC10x16 is a small crusher designed to be hand fed or loaded with a mini- excavator.


text:
Molecular Analysis of the Pyrimidine Deoxyribonucleoside Kinase Gene of Wild-type and Acyclovir-resistant Strains of Varicella-Zoster Virus
Mark H. Sawyer1, Genevieve Inchauspe1, Karen K. Biron2, David J. Waters3, Stephen E. Straus1, Jeffrey M. Ostrove1
Affiliations: 1 Medical Virology Section, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 2 Burroughs Wellcome Company, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709 3 Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02130, U.S.A.
First Published: 01 October 1988 https://doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-69-10-2585
/recommendto/form?webId=%2Fcontent%2Fjournal%2Fjgv&title=Journal+of+General+Virology&issn=0022-1317&eissn=1465-2099
Journal of General Virology — Recommend this title to your library
The pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside kinase (dPK) genes from five wild-type and four acyclovir-resistant varicella-zoster virus (VZV) strains were studied. One of the acyclovir-resistant strains was isolated from a patient receiving chronic acyclovir therapy. Acyclovir-resistant strains expressed the 1.8 kb VZV dPK transcript but lacked dPK activity. To determine the basis for the lack of enzyme activity the dPK gene from each strain was cloned and its DNA sequence determined. The VZV dPK gene was found to be highly conserved among strains, with greater than 99% nucleotide and amino acid homology. Each acyclovir-resistant VZV strain differed from its wild-type parent in only a single amino acid. The dPK genes from the acyclovir-resistant strains contained either point mutations near the putative thymidine-binding site of the enzyme or ones that resulted in the premature termination of protein synthesis. Single point mutations were sufficient to render these strains dPK-negative and highly resistant to acyclovir. The molecular basis for acyclovir resistance at the dPK locus of VZV is similar to that previously noted to render herpes simplex viruses resistant to acyclovir.
Keyword(s): acyclovir resistance and pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside
© Society for General Microbiology 1988
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http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-69-10-2585
J. Gen. Virol. 69, 2585 (1988); https://doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-69-10-2585
content/journal/jgv
Characteristics of the Microplate Method of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Detection of Plant Viruses
M. F. Clark and A. N. Adams
Characteristics of a Human Cell Line Transformed by DNA from Human Adenovirus Type 5
F. L. Graham, J. Smiley, W. C. Russell and R. Nairn
The phylogeny of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases of positive-strand RNA viruses
Eugene V. Koonin
Highlights and prospects of potyvirus molecular biology
José Luis Riechmann, Sonia Laín and Juan Antonio García
ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Geminiviridae
F. Murilo Zerbini, Rob W Briddon, Ali Idris, Darren P Martin, Enrique Moriones, Jesús Navas-Castillo, Rafael Rivera-Bustamante, Philippe Roumagnac, Arvind Varsani and ICTV Report Consortium
Updated classification of norovirus genogroups and genotypes
Preeti Chhabra, Miranda de Graaf, Gabriel I. Parra, Martin Chi-Wai Chan, Kim Green, Vito Martella, Qiuhong Wang, Peter A. White, Kazuhiko Katayama, Harry Vennema, Marion P. G. Koopmans and Jan Vinjé
Mechanisms and enzymes involved in SARS coronavirus genome expression
Volker Thiel, Konstantin A. Ivanov, Ákos Putics, Tobias Hertzig, Barbara Schelle, Sonja Bayer, Benedikt Weißbrich, Eric J. Snijder, Holger Rabenau, Hans Wilhelm Doerr, Alexander E. Gorbalenya and John Ziebuhr
Analysis of the aphthovirus 2A/2B polyprotein 'cleavage' mechanism indicates not a proteolytic reaction, but a novel translational effect: a putative ribosomal 'skip'
Michelle L. L. Donnelly, Garry Luke, Amit Mehrotra, Xuejun Li, Lorraine E. Hughes, David Gani and Martin D. Ryan
ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Flaviviridae
Peter Simmonds, Paul Becher, Jens Bukh, Ernest A. Gould, Gregor Meyers, Tom Monath, Scott Muerhoff, Alexander Pletnev, Rebecca Rico-Hesse, Donald B. Smith, Jack T. Stapleton and ICTV Report Consortium
Classification and identification of geminiviruses using sequence comparisons
Malla Padidam, Roger N. Beachy and Claude M. Fauquet
10.1099/0022-1317-69-10-2585

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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I've been invited back to the NYC Teen Author Festival this year! Somewhat surprising, given the madness that ensued during our "Inside the Mind of a Teenage Boy" panel last year at the Tribecca B&N (favorite moment, Barry Lyga saying "You can't handle the mind of a teenage boy!"). But hey, it's a teen author festival. Gotta keep it edgy, I guess.
Wow. Righteous Babe or what?


text:
Anharmonic line shift and linewidth of the Raman modes in GaS0.75Se0.25 layered crystals
Hasanlı, Nızamı
The frequencies and linewidths of five Raman-active modes in a GaS0.75Se0.25 layered crystal have been measured in the 10-300 K temperature range and in the 10-380 cm(-1) frequency region. We observed softening and broadening of the optical phonon lines with increasing temperature. The analysis of the experimental data showed that the temperature dependencies of frequencies and linewidths are well described by considering the contributions from thermal expansion and lattice anharmonicity. The purely anharmonic contribution (phonon-phonon coupling) is found to be due to three-phonon processes.
Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Condensed Matter Physics
PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC RESEARCH
https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-3951(200211)234:2<665::aid-pssb665>3.0.co;2-2
Department of Physics, Article
Optoelectronic and electrical properties of TlGaS2 single crystal
Qasrawi, AF; Hasanlı, Nızamı (Wiley, 2005-10-01)
The optoelectronic and electrical properties of TIGaS2 single crystals have been investigated by means of room temperature transmittance and reflectance spectral analysis, Hall coefficient, dark electrical resistivity and photocurrent measurements in the temperature range of 200-350 K. The optical data have revealed an indirect and direct allowed transition band gaps of 2.45 and 2.51 eV, an oscillator and dispersion energy of 5.04 and 26.45 eV, respectively, a static dielectric constant of 6.25 and static r...
Investigation of localized levels in GaS0.5Se0.5 layered crystals by means of electrical, space-charge limited current and photoconductivity measurements
To identify the localized levels in GaS0.5Se0.5 single crystals, the dark electrical conductivity, current-voltage characteristics and photoconductivity measurements were carried out in the temperature range of 250-400 K. Temperature dependence of dark electrical conductivity and the space-charge limited current studies indicate the presence of a single discrete trapping level located at 0.31 eV below the conduction band with a density of about 1.3 x 10(15) cm(-3). The conductivity data above 320 K reveal a...
Thermally stimulated currents in layered Ga4SeS3 semiconductor
Aytekin, S; Yuksek, NS; Goktepe, M; Hasanlı, Nızamı; Aydinli, A (Wiley, 2004-10-01)
Thermally stimulated current (TSC) measurements are carried out on nominally undoped Ga4SeS3 layered semiconductor samples with the cur-rent flowing along the c-axis in the temperature range of 10 to 150 K. The results are analyzed according to various methods, such as curve fitting, initial rise and Chen's methods, which seem to be in good agreement with each other. Experimental evidence is found for the presence of three trapping centers in Ga4SeS3 with activation energies of 70, 210 and 357 meV. The calc...
Photoelectronic and electrical properties of InS crystals
Qasrawi, AF; Hasanlı, Nızamı (IOP Publishing, 2002-12-01)
To identify the localized levels in InS single crystals, the dark electrical conductivity, current-voltage characteristics and photoconductivity measurements were carried out in the temperature range of 10-350 K. Temperature dependence of dark electrical conductivity and the space-charge limited current studies indicate the presence of a single discrete trapping level located at (10 +/- 2) meV below the conduction band with a density of about 4.8 x 10(11) cm(-3). The conductivity data above 110 K reveal an ...
Temperature effect on dark electrical conductivity, Hall coefficient, space charge limited current and photoconductivity of TlGaS2 single crystals
The dark electrical conductivity, Hall coefficient, space charge limited current, and illumination and temperature dependences of the photocurrent of TIGaS2 single crystals in the temperature regions of 100-350, 200-350, 200-290 and 100-350 K, respectively, have been measured and analysed. The Hall coefficient measurements revealed the extrinsic type of conduction with conductivity-type conversion from p- to n-type at a critical temperature of 315 K. The temperature dependence of the dark electrical conduct...
N. Hasanlı, "Anharmonic line shift and linewidth of the Raman modes in GaS0.75Se0.25 layered crystals," PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC RESEARCH, pp. 665–673, 2002, Accessed: 00, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://hdl.handle.net/11511/46033.


text:
Q: setting Accept-Encoding header in Angular2's http service I'm trying to make my Angular2 app request a resource with the encoding set to gzip. The code compiles and runs fine but it appears unaffected by the addition of the gzip header. I can't even confirm the the header has been added since there is no sign of it in Safari's web inspector
  var contentTypeHeaders = new Headers();
  contentTypeHeaders.append('Accept-Encoding', 'gzip, deflate');

  var options = new RequestOptions({
    method: RequestMethod.Get,
    url: url,
    headers: contentTypeHeaders
  });
  var req = new Request(options);

    return this.http.request(req)
        .map((res: Response) => res.json())
        .catch((error: any) => Observable.throw(error.json().error || 'Server error'));
}

A: It turns out to be an automatic header added by the browser if it supports auto-un-gzipping. I can see it in the web inspectors for Firefox, Chrome and IE, but not Safari. Either it's so well embedded that it doesn't appear in the inspector, or Safari doesn't support it, which is unlikely. So the answer to my question is: Don't add the header yourself.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Another first day of school!
Today oliver is starting grade four, Emery is starting grade three (at the big school!), and Eleanor is in her first day of primary!
We had mixed emotions at the bus stop today as we watched our little girl jump on the bus for her first day of primary – so excited for the things she will learn and the new people she will meet but a bit of sadness that this will be our last first day.
Yesterday I asked her if she wanted me to meet her at the school (like I did for the boys) or have Oliver show her to her classroom… she picked big brother! He was proud and realized what a big deal that was!
Those are her cray cray pants by the way!
I expected some hesitancy getting on the bus (mostly because our test bus drive was full of tears), but she hopped right on and didn't look back! I will be anxiously waiting for that bus to pull up this afternoon and hear all about it!
Categories: Eleanor, Emerson, Firsts, Oliver | Permalink.
30-something living in New Brunswick, Canada. Married with two adorable boys, piano player and teacher, curler, and enjoy all types of sewing and crafting.


text:
LG Prada global sale crosses one million units
LG and Prada today announced that the global sales of the much lauded Prada Phone by LG have reached one million units. Since its March 2007 debut the Prada Phone by LG has been recognized as one of the world's most sophisticated handset combining innovative design with technological breakthroughs including the first complete touch screen. This visionary approach by intimate and productive partnership from two vastly different industries became a platform for new design opportunities and opened doors to diverse multimedia experiences.
Encouraged by the strong market response, LG and Prada have committed to further collaborations and will launch a new handset model starting from Europe in the 4Q of 2008.
World's First Mobile Phone with Built-in Intelligent Key
Epson develops extremely small, high-performance quartz crystal atmospheric pressure sensor


Great Tasting Bone Broth Protein: Low Carb & Low Sugar. Supports Healthy Joints, Skin, Muscles, Digestion and Healthy Gut. Perfect for Keto, Paleo and Low Carb Diets. 20 grams of protein and tastes great in shakes and smoothies.


Full-service valet is now available by putting a reservation making use of the type below. Impark is looking for full-time valet drivers to service the University City Area in Philadelphia, PA. If you happen to be an individual who loves to drive, performs properly with others, and enjoys meeting new men and women, then this function would be a excellent match for you.
At the agreed time, a driver will wait for you at the departure terminal. Collectively with you they will check your vehicle for any damage, so there will be no surprises or misunderstandings afterwards. The employees member of the parking will take your car keys and drive your vehicle to the parking whilst you continue your journey. If you enjoyed this short article and you would certainly like to obtain additional information regarding how to work valet parking (onatarleton17380.wikidot.com) kindly check out our own web page. The driver will drive your automobile to the automobile park and will park it for you.
Right here you will discover a brief description of how hotel valet parking works how hotel valet parking works Parking (meet and greet) performs at Gatwick. This is not just a very good concept for individuals studying how valet parking works to drive. If you have not driven in a lengthy time, it is a great notion to practice parking and driving a small bit before going long distances.
When visiting hotels or restaurants exactly where valet parking solutions are presented, it is a excellent thought to have numerous small bills in the wallet in order to tip the valets. Also, if you wish, you can also offer you a $ten bill to the valet and ask for little change back.
Tuck away all your valuables. If you have any useful products in your auto, tuck them away out of sight or put them in the trunk ahead of you arrive at the valet stand. Even though the vast majority of valets are truthful and trustworthy, you never ever know when you are going to encounter a negative apple.
One day, lengthy ago, a valet put a small scratch on a man's brand new Porsche, and ruined the reputation of ALL valets that would comply with. Whilst there have been dents place in autos, money stolen from the center console, radio stations changed and engines raced, these are NOT typical occurrences. Take a look and notice that most valets you will park with are guys. Guys are normally vehicle enthusiasts and respect the worth of most anything that pulls up to their spot. I function events exactly where it is not uncommon to get several Bentleys all through the day and $100K vehicles are a regular sight. If I infant my $30K truck, you can picture the care I take with such autos. Reality is, your car is safer parked with a valet, than someplace on a street or in an alley due to the fact there is normally a designated region exactly where the valet is parking.
Having never been a automobile enthusiast, I've never had a nice 1 that I would be concerned about letting a valet drive. I've constantly had reasonably priced, reliable, functional, fuel efficient vehicles that would get me from point A to point B and that's it. All my friends feel it's bizarre that I am now acquiring a Model S, but of course as soon as I give them their 1st ride they will realize that a single doesn't need to have to be a "car guy" to fall in really like with it.
Cars are expanding, thanks to the addition of safety features and our demands for much more space, but, like airline seats, parking spaces are not maintaining up. In the 1970s, when the earliest VW Golfs have been a modest 1.6 metres across, the Institution of Structural Engineers and the Chartered Institution of Highways and Transportation advised a common bay size of two.four metres by four.8 metres. Like mirrors, a new Golf right now is two.027 metres wide, almost as fat as a Range Rover.
The jury have been told cars had been driven extra miles, returned dirty and damaged to their owners or not returned at all. That all aids the car tattle on any valet who doesn't take a slow, direct route to a parking space. Drivers simply pull into the bay, park their automobile, step out and swipe their card or get a ticket at the kiosk.
Right after months of troubles, the condominium association was forced to employ old-fashioned valets to park cars for individuals who necessary them quickly. This month, the feud with the garage builder deteriorated further and access to the garage was blocked off.
MobileNOW!, the world's first mobile payment solution for parking, is now the only provider in its class to supply a mobile app for valet parking. Let our reputation perform for you and your occasion. We park over 15,000 bikes at more than one hundred events annually. Our Valet Bicycle Parking system has had 20 years to excellent the service, and we carry $2 million in liability insurance, so you can rest straightforward with us on the job.
Parking: Due to the location of the port and the shortage of real estate in a waterfront location, parking is certainly a problem right here. The port site just provides a person's phone quantity to inquire about parking, not a plethora of information. Nonetheless, with a number of hotels close to the port, numerous of them supply free of charge parking with your keep which can be utilized for the length of your cruise.


Measure of the rate of change of direction of a curved line or surface at any point.
In general, it is the reciprocal of the radius of the circle or sphere of best fit to the curve or surface at that point. This notion of best fit derives from the principle that only one circle can be drawn though any three points not on the same line. The radius of curvature at the middle point is approximately equal to the radius of that one circle. This calculation becomes more exact the closer the points are. The precise value is found using a limit . Because a straight line can be thought of as an arc of a circle of infinite radius, its curvature is zero.
Еще значения слова и перевод CURVATURE с английского на русский язык в англо-русских словарях.
Что такое и перевод CURVATURE с русского на английский язык в русско-английских словарях.
More meanings of this word and English-Russian, Russian-English translations for CURVATURE in dictionaries.
CURVATURE — n. 1. Bending, bend, flexure, crook, curvity, curve, incurvation, arcuation. 2. Rate of ~ or inflection.


RUN WITH US. WALK WITH US.
Kindergarten through 4th grade families will travel the world learning about different Passover traditions through crafts, recipes, songs and more!
5th and 6th grade families will participate in a Seder Around the World!
All Yachad families are invited to join us. K-4th grade students must be accompanied by a parent or responsible adult and 5th/6th grade parents are highly encouraged to attend the seder!
*Please note that there will be no regular Yachad classes on Saturday, April 13.
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Adversity is no stranger to Michael Diep, whose determination has allowed him to overcome all odds to bring him where he stands today. A full-time business consultant who has tinkered with inventions for the past eight years, Michael finally got his chance to bring the first of his products to market when he presented his cat claw duller prototype at the Everyday Edisons casting call in San Diego on Feb. 24, 2007. Since Michael's day is filled by his work, taking his cat to the veterinarian every couple of weeks to clip its nails was quickly becoming a burdensome chore. With no time to spare for even this simple task, he decided to create a solution. Michael developed a cat jungle-gym which featured a post covered in sandpaper to file down the cat's nails as it plays.
Things have not always been easy for Michael, who at the age of seven escaped with his family by boat from Vietnam to take refuge in Indonesia for two years. The Dieps later immigrated to the United States in 1980. The challenges and hardships Michael has faced have driven him to be successful as a consultant and hopefully as an inventor, or as he sees himself, a problem solver. The Everyday Edisons judges saw potential in his cat claw duller invention and have set the team of product development professionals to work. Michael hopes cat lovers and their furniture alike will welcome his cat claw duller.


Fearghal Kelly joined Digisoft in 2012, after seven years with Kit Digital and ioko, running media solutions and partnerships. Kelly has 18 years experience in the media sector, focusing predominantly on VOD systems, DRM, broadcast and interactive television.
Before joining Kit Digital, he was deputy head of technology at BBC Broadcast (Red Bee Media) for four and a half years, where he started their product development arm. He was technical architect and manager of the development of the first BBC iPlayer launched in 2004. Prior to this he was head of interactive technology at Teletext.
Kelly has been influential in industry thinking and research via publications and talks. He is a regular conference speaker and contributor to media forums also advising institutional investment groups. He holds a BSc from University of Manchester and an HCI Masters from University College London (UCL).
Brian Rattray joined Digisoft in 2011 and currently serves as Chief Operating Officer.
Prior to Digisoft, Brian spent 7 years with Arantech where he fulfilled various roles in service and delivery, including Program Director (EMEA), Program Manager (Americas) and Production Support Manager (WW). In these roles, Brian gained extensive international experience while leading the delivery and support of multi-million dollar solutions to communication service providers around the world including Vodafone, Telefonica and T-Mobile.
During this time, Arantech experienced significant growth and was acquired by Tektronix in 2009. Previously, from 1995 to 2005, Brian held various software engineering roles with Openet, Logica, CMG Wireless Data Solutions and Nellcor Puritan Bennett.
Brian holds a B.Sc. in Computer Science from University College Cork.
John Casey joined Digisoft in 2009, and currently serves as CTO.
Prior to joining Digisoft, John ran his own company, delivering cutting-edge mobile applications and services to venues and event management companies.
In addition to significant engineering and business development experience in recent years, John spent over 8 years working on network management platforms at Motorola Networks.
John is a software engineer by trade, with a BSc in Computer Science from University College Cork.
Ruth Young leads the Digisoft design team in working across a variety of disciplines including the design, development, technical, business, sales and marketing teams.
Ruth is passionate about user-centred design and strives to ensure that the Digisoft suite of products meet the usersí needs, as well as being intuitive and engaging.
Ruth has over a decade of experience working on product designs for interactive media solutions and in directing corporate and new business designs throughout the whole project lifecycle, from conceptualization through to deployment. She is an experienced interface designer and specializes in application design for multiple devices including TV, tablets and smart-phones.
Ruth studied Graphic Design at Cork Institute of Technology and has an Honors BA Degree from University College Cork and a Higher Diploma in e-Commerce and Web Technologies.
As Media Solutions and Product Strategy Advisor in Digisoft.tv, Darragh combines a technical background and passion for digital media with a client-centric focus.
During his 9 years in Digisoft.tv, Darragh has gained invaluable insights into what shapes the digital tv industry with an ambition to ensure that Digisoft.tv can pioneer and deliver the right products into an innovative and evolving market.
Prior to joining Digisoft.tv in 2006, Darragh worked in the software services industry for 6 years delivering enterprise solutions to e-Government and multi-national pharmaceuticals. Darragh holds a B.Sc. in Computer Applications from Cork Institute of Technology.


text:
A 118-Year-Old Statue to Stephen Foster, a White Man, in Pittsburgh Removed Because of Cries of "Racism"
Previously on SBPDL: A Metaphor for Our Dispossession: Harriet Tubman Monument Officially Replaces Confederate Statue in 70% Black Baltimore
What was it Bormir said? "The world of men will fall, and all will come to darkness, my city to ruin."['Oh! Susanna' songwriter's statue removed from Pittsburgh park after criticism: Stephen Foster's other songs include "Camptown Races," ''My Old Kentucky Home," ''Beautiful Dreamer" and "Old Folks at Home", NBC News, 4-26-18]:
PITTSBURGH — A 118-year-old statue of the "Oh! Susanna" songwriter was removed from a Pittsburgh park Thursday after criticism that the work is demeaning because it includes a slave sitting at his feet, plucking a banjo.
For 118 years, this statue stood tall in Pittsburgh...
In October, the Pittsburgh Art Commission voted to take the Stephen Foster sculpture out of Schenley Plaza and find it a new home. For now, it will remain in a storage lot, out of the public view.
On Thursday, workers used straps and construction equipment to lift the 10-foot-bronze statue off its base. It was strapped to a flatbed truck and taken away.The Giuseppe Moretti statue was completed in 1900 and thousands attended its dedication.
The shoeless banjo player is based on "Uncle Ned," a fictional slave and subject of a song by the same name. Critics have long decried the statue as racist.
"It's the single most offensive display of public art in Pittsburgh, hands down," Paradise Gray, a hip-hop activist, musician and writer, told the Post-Gazette in August . "It permanently depicts the black man at the white man's feet."
Others say it highlights that Foster was inspired by black spirituals. Some historians contend the 1848 song is actually an early, subtle anti-slavery song.
A statue honoring an African-American woman will be put up in its place.
Residents can submit nominations.
Foster, a Pittsburgh native, is often called the father of American music and was known for enduring tunes from the 1800s.
His songs include "Camptown Races," ''My Old Kentucky Home," ''Beautiful Dreamer" and "Old Folks at Home" (Swanee Song).
He died penniless in New York City in 1864 at age 37.
There's a metaphor in how Foster died and how the elite want all white people in America to pass away.
Penniless.
The only person acceptable to replace the Stephen Foster statue is Frédéric "F'n" Chopin...
The great irony is that Stephen Foster was an abolitionist and his music was praised by none other than Frederick Douglass who wrote that his minstrel songs "awaken the sympathies for the slave, in which anti-slavery principles take root and flourish."
I hate the left and what they are doing to our history. Stephen Foster was one of my favorites. I loved his music, and it reflected a part of our history that should not be forgotten. Is there anyway anyone can kick back against these goddamned bastards who are hell bent of destroying anything white? Who the hell made them judge, jury, and executioner? Fuck them! If they love negroes so much then move to Africa!
Gavin Newsome said...
You know they are coming for Thomas Jefferson and George Washington, don't you?
God, blacks are weak, silly, petty children. And leftists enable them.
Fuck 'em all.
" "It's the single most offensive display of public art in Pittsburgh, hands down," Paradise Gray, a hip-hop activist, musician and writer, told the Post-Gazette in August . "It permanently depicts the black man at the white man's feet." "
Let us examine that last statement. Where exactly would the black man be without the white man? Can... name one city or country, i will wait, the black man run anything without white help? Paradise, the aspiring rapper, (may he get what all aspiring rappers seem to collect) is offended by the truth. The black man belongs permanently at the feet of the white man.
Believe it or not, this is a feel-good story, long term. It has been said that those who cannot remember the past are doomed to repeat it. Slave days- illegal to teach blacks to read, wholy depending on YT for food, shelter, etc., sundown laws, the heavy hand of YT tokeep them in lline. Today - they WON'T learn to read, or speak. Almost all exist on "dat check" in some way, and black run Baltimore is putting in defacto sundown laws. When the wheel turns all the way... instead of lynching, we who remember must insist they be sent "home". Until then, stay alert, stay armed.
The people on this website are speciesists. Obviously most of you cannot recognise that flies are just bees with a different paint job. The reason flies are attracted to poo instead of flowers is "speciest oppression" and discrimination. Given a fair chance and ALLOWED TO INTEGRATE with bees, flies will give up their sh*t-loving, disease spreading ways and start becoming a productive, pollen spreading, nectar loving, honey making species. I'm sure we'd all come to love the "vibrant" honey made by flies.
It's tragic that the speciesism on this website dictates that flies are color-coded as a warning against filth, disease and death. This is untrue. Flies are only the way they are due to "systematic speciesm" and lack of opportunities.
Give flies a chance!
"You will know them by their works."
Evil is as evil does.
NBC News said: "It's the single most offensive display of public art in Pittsburgh, hands down," Paradise Gray, a hip-hop activist, musician and writer, told the Post-Gazette in August . "It permanently depicts the black man at the white man's feet."
I agree, Paradise! It is disgusting that a negro is depicted anywhere near a white man, and that the white man is shown tolerating its presence.
Enough! White Man...the time is now..."NOT ONE MORE STATUE....!"
Make this your rallying cry and stop the madness.
ot: burn the coal and pay the tolll...
https://nypost.com/2018/04/26/teen-romance-ends-in-shocking-murder-suicide/
chattanooga gal said...
they claim to be 13 percent of the of the population, and yet the other majority of us have to look at statues of pouty blacks every where we go.
I wish they had called me before they did that. There's no reason to take away the whole statue. It looks like it's bronze. If that's so I could drive over with my grinder and my welding equipment and cut or melt off the negro figure. That's the offensive part, if I understand the objections of the protesters. removing negroes is the very definition of Urban Renewal.
Some might argue than that with the offensive negro removed that the whole statue would be artistically unbalanced. We could then replace the figure of the black banjo player with perhaps Chinese man playing an electric guitar. Or even better and more politically neutral - how about a figure of R2D2?
We need to keep up with progress.
Can't wait for the rapper statue replacement to arrive...
Jim in Jersey
Mayor Peduto wanted to replace the Foster statue with one honoring an African-American woman ... any AA woman it seems will do.
I suggest to SBPDL readers in the Pittsburgh area to fulfill this by placing a bottle of Aunt Jemima syrup on the plinth.
Anon @ 1:32
Dear Sir or Madam, you have caused me to spew my morning coffee and, as a result, my keyboard is toast. A very small price to pay for your BRILLIANT POST! I salute you.
Curt in Pittsburgh said...
It won't be long before they demand at LEAST one of the white stripes on the flag be made black. The gays will demand at LEAST one of the stars be made multi-colored.
It's not racism, Krissy, it's RESENTMENT. Working Americans are sick of carrying that whole bunch on our taxes, and instead saying thanks and keeping to themselves out of shame, they hunt and kill us. They pay back our charity with drugs, violence and destruction. Wouldn't matter if they were purple with green stripes, skin color has nothing to do with it.Never did.
Well, this latest statue removal ought to make their worthless lives better. It keeps happening because none of us say a word. Notice that it's all white people removing the statue. Insulted blacks are still in bed.
Pat @5:36am. Excellent point. Why didn't someone suggest removing the negro? Not only is this statue witch hunt insulting but it's getting frightening.
Negro Antidote said...
Maybe they can put a bronze food stamp card in it's place?
I Invented Flying Pyramids said...
Does any white person really still think this our country anymore? Anyone?.... Bueller? Bueller?
Every excuse used by blacks to remove statues of white men or women and to replace them with statues of blacks is for the same reason they want to rename streets, schools (and other buildings) as well as parks after blacks. It's hard to claim you built everything when there's so much overwhelming evidence to the contrary. So that evidence has to be eliminated. No statues of whites and no white names on anything. It's no different than the motivation behind all their black invention myths or their falsely claiming that every historical figure of note was actually a black person. It's merely an attempt to remove all evidence of overwhelming racial failure and replace it with a false narrative and history. That must include destroying and replacing any statues of non-blacks that represent that failure. That a statue is "racist" is just a superficial excuse for removing it and the real reason is much deeper.
As entire areas go completely dark, this process will accelerate. In such areas, there can be no reminders that they "didn't build that." Then, they'll point at all the black names they've slapped on everything and at black statues as "proof" that they did. The great lie will become fact in their minds and be taught to their ignorant children as "truth" in order to instill a false sense of pride and an imaginary sense of accomplishment. In fact, it will be nothing more than the establishment of a third world black idiocracy among the crumbling ruins of civilization.
They will eventually work their way to Neil Armstrong (he took credit for the accomplishment of the black women who put him on the moon) and Jerry Lewis (one of his grandsons targeted a black child in a game of dodgeball in gym class). And don't think Fred Rogers wasn't an incorrigible racist. His neighborhood didn't have enough African-Americans in it.
-Lee Lepanto
Correction: illigal to teach them to read. They cannot teach them to read to this day.
The statue needs to be replaced with something more up-to-date.
How about a convenience store with an Asian man behind plexiglass? Place statues of Tupac and Biggie Smalls making purchases.
Or have they removed all the plexiglass in filthadelphia?
Lyrics by Stephen Foster
The Campptown ladies sing this song, Doo-da, Doo-da
The Camptown racetrack's five miles long Oh, de doo-da day
Goin' to run all night
Goin' to run all day
I bet my money on a bob-tailed nag
Somebody bet on the gray
Oh, the long-tailed filly and the big black horse, Doo-da, doo-da
Come to a mud hole and they all cut across, Oh, de doo-da day
I went down there with my hat caved in, Doo-da, doo-da
I came back home with a pocket full of tin Oh, de doo-da day
Richard Jackson writes,
Foster quite specifically tailored the song for use on the minstrel stage. He composed it as a piece for solo voice with group interjections and refrain ... his dialect verses have all the wild exaggeration and rough charm of folk tale as well as some of his most vivid imagery ... Together with "Oh! Susanna", "Camptown Races" is one of the gems of the minstrel era."
In one of the most widely familiar uses of "Camptown Races" in popular culture, the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies cartoon character Foghorn Leghorn frequently hums the tune to himself (breaking into song only for the "Doo-Dah" refrain) in most of the 28 cartoons the character appears in, produced between 1946 and 1963. Notably, Leghorn was not based on a minstrel character, but on Kenny Delmar's popular radio character, the overbearing Southerner Senator Claghorn.
The song was revived on a number of occasions in the twentieth century with recordings by Bing Crosby (recorded December 9, 1940), Johnny Mercer (1945), Al Jolson (recorded July 17, 1950), Julie London (included in her album Swing Me an Old Song - 1959), and Frankie Laine (included in his album Deuces Wild - 1961)
The "Camptown Races" was performed at the end of the TV-series 30 Rock, Season 6, Episode 1 by Kara Oates.
On a brighter note, not everyone is surrendering to the afrocentric mobs that want to remove statues of whites.
www.wate.com/news/tennessee-legislature-oks-tightening-monument-loophole/1143732560
From the article: "Memphis punished for removal of statues by state withholding $250,000 from the budget that was to go to Memphis for its bicentennial celebration. Lawmakers from Memphis were outraged, calling the move racist and vile."
Take that, negroes!
When is that asteroid going to put this Chuck E Cheese nation out of its misery?
LOL at the amazingly pale negress with the microphone.
Great artwork and detail in that statue, something blacks don't (can't) see.
Yes, let's erect a statue to the first black woman who learned (learnt?) to tie her Jordans. Does she exist? Push button for audio of her story.
Does the word "no" exist in the white man's vocabulary any more or was it rubbed out, too?
I'm going to tell the Christian Cucks I know about a little known proverb in the bible they love so much.
Remove not the ancient landmarks which thy fathers have set.
When Atlas (white man) stops holding up the globe, things become really interesting. Things will fall apart. No formal EMT's (moon crickets bleeding out in the streets and no help), Grandma having a heart attack in Walmart, no help (blacks would just let Grandma die or pick her pocket before they ran off). Bridges collapsing like they did in Florida. So stop working white man. Really just stop working.
Sell your home and buy one of those shed homes out the country. People around me buy 2 16x40's and make them into homes. No one will want to come around and hang out, no mortgage and low taxes. No worries about home insurance because no company will insure you. But you'll have a free and clear house.
I say enjoy the collapse. I no longer do my part in keeping things together. I don't give a shit. It's no longer my nation. All I can help is myself, my husband, my two little feral cats that come up on the porch and my aging MIL. I did my part with my elderly friend. It's about all I can do.
All you can do is possibly watch it burn. Scorched earth.
"The single most offensive display of public art" is actually hip hop music, not statues.
Don't worry about grinding off the negro. A deal is in the works to sell the whole statue tp an Australian beer company. Look for Stephen Foster Lager on your supermarket shelves.
Indeed. Should they get their way we may well see them make a push to blow up the faces off Mt Rushmore ala the Taliban in Afghanistan...then too their's Stone Mountain in Georgia.
The fanaticism is there.
I love to whistle Dixie in public, going to start whistling these great songs too! It really pisses off the libtards when they hear it in public.
The reference to Foghorn Leghorn and "Doo-Dah" above reminded me of a joke someone told me years ago:
What is the favorite perfume of black women? Eau de Doo Dah Day.
Why I'm Racist said...
How to know a war has taken place: demographics and monuments change.
Bill in St. Louis said...
Oh, you can teach them to read.. scripts for TV commercials, TV shows, you know things SJWs write to make them seem human. But.... if they aren't actors for PJT Worldwide, forget it. Dat be actin white. As far as public displays of art, one has to be cognizant above the level of a rutabega for me to give 2 fucks about thier opinion. Mr/Ms Paradise fails that test.
Had to drive through a black area today. Thought for a minute that I had taken a wrong turn into a landfill. Does and black city own a broom? What an incredible mess. I will bet that the inhabitants, don't even see the filth, in which they live. If blacks truly want a monument to blackness, I recommend a pile of litter.
This statue is insulting to blacks? Rape, robbery, murder, filth, laziness, random sex, illegitimate birth, welfare, child neglect all A-OK!
The only statue of a black man, in this country, should be that of the lawn jockey.
One day, and I hope I live to see it, they will start pulling down the statues of MLK.
Took them 40 years, but they finally got "Americas Dad" Bill Cosby. Nothing built on a lie can stand forever.
Notice it is WHITE MEN removing the statue.
Hey, don't upset a lady of color at Popeye's Fried Chicken. WORD !!
https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/Woman-Smashes-Popeyes-Window-Because-4-Dollar-Wicked-Good-Deal-Doesnt-Come-With-Soda-481013091.html
Did you hear it ? That long collective sigh of relief ? For years Foster has had to endure the nasty scowls and looks of those like paradise gray. The jealousy of other negroes just like him who have done nothing but drive that city in to the pits of the smelliest shithole on the east coast. I can say that Foster does not want to be there anymore. He is glad to be moved and hopefully to a place that will accept him for what he is and what he did. No common low life negro deserves to have the great likeness of Foster in their shithole city.
@Centurion.
That's the first thing I noticed, too. Why didn't they refuse? Truly cucked or fearing for their jobs? If the latter, they would be rehired- with some effort as any job search demands. They would also walk off the job with a full set of balls. That's my POV, anyway.
Boy the way Glenn Miller played said...
How many instruments can Paradise Gray, or most any hip hop "artist" play?
Amen. I have been advocating for years the act of bartering goods & services, giving discounts for customers who pay in cash, and paying as little into the system as possible. Look at what tax dollars are going for, billions to Isreal, propping up failing "urban" areas because all the tax paying base moved away, removal of white statues & monuments, gibs & programs that are consistent failures which leads to another round of wailing "we need more $$", free ice cream in da hood, rims on police cars, sailing lessons for people who float like cinder blocks, free food, medicare, and housing for illegals and the non-productive in our society who only produce more dependents. I firmly believe we are close to reaching critical mass in this country, and like the poorly maintained dam in California, when it breaks I don't want to be any where near any cities with large populations of groids or humans in general.
Buy land that has water or good aquifers to punch a well, building with sheds or shipping containers is fairly cheap, stock up on guns and ammo, and get to know your neighbors. You don't need to become best friends with them, but know them well enough that they have your back and vice versa. One of the reasons I love this blog is the well thought out, informative, logical comments that I read on here.
Best to you all,
Sick n Tired
D is for depressing said...
"It permanently depicts the black man at the white man's feet."
Oh, Paradise. If you only know how truthful that sentence is.
Anonymous on April 27, 2018 at 9:59 AM said:
Frankie Laine also recorded the main theme song for the funniest Western ever made, which also had a bit featuring "The Camptown Ladies." That sequence is one of my favorite clips from that movie:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bZrmp9tXGb0&feature=youtube_gdata_player
Alright, I vote for Aunt Jemima!
Oh, beans!
(Give peas a chance!)
Perfect post!makes me think of (((Jeff Goldblum))) in the remake of "The Fly" as the "Brundlefly" creature. Seems surprisingly accurate nowadays.
Dagwood Bumstead said...
Meanwhile in NYC:
https://www.theroot.com/watch-room-filled-with-rich-white-nyc-parents-gets-bi-1825600194/amp
Off topic,
But check out the double standards in plain sight in this article:
https://www.yahoo.com/news/arizonas-only-black-legislators-chastised-race-talk-015146409--politics.html
I found the original on my tablet but searching on the pc I came up with a different one. I didn't want to include it due to the video, but then I realized it further emphasized my point- the manipulative music to set the tone, followed by exasperated liberal talking points where the virtue-signaling continues unabated.
" Can you BELIEVE what they just did to THE ONLY TWO BLACK congress members..."
" If they were white this never would have been an issue!"
" Unbridled racism runs rampant in the Arizona legislature!"
More useless words for black people to do nothing with as the continue to hate you.
The heart of the matter is a teacher using Kendrick Lamar and other "artists" as inspiration in his classroom, which of course includes using the N word over and over. When a republican congresswoman posted the lyrics to one of Lamar's songs verbatim the black congress members went CAT 5. They also want us to understand that if they chose to use the words it would be fine. They are always after double standards and special privileges, and of course, most of all, an excuse to start a confrontation or get violent. Bullies who play the victim, the main reason they have earned my disdain.
Do you ever notice how when black people get angry and excited that they repeat themselves? And who the hell would talk like this besides an obnoxious basketball American:
"This article attempts to discredit this teacher because he may have introduced lyrics in the classroom written by a black entertainer," Bolding said. "This article attempts to discredit this teacher because he 'takes inspiration' from a black civil rights activist. This article attempts to discredit this teacher because he 'admires' a professor that taught at a historically black college for women.
This article... This article... This article... we get it bubble-lips, stop insulting our collective intelligence with your manipulation. I always make sure to find the Yahoo versions of the stories because they allow comments, the only reason they are still in business.
"Clarissa was still a baby and had yet to experience life," wrote one friend on Twitter. "Everyone knows she had so much to live for. She didn't deserve this. She was only [a] teenager learning how to love like the rest of us."
I'd say she was a teenager who had no idea what love was, or at least a he hadn't yet learned that some people seem to be incapable of love in the conventional, traditional romantic sense of which European culture has known and celebrated in art for many centuries. Her boyfriend sure didn't.
Comes down to the grasshopper and the scorpion, doesn't it?
http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/crime/bs-md-ci-george-evans-shooting-20180426-story.html
For your spring Chimping pleasure.
Centurion @ 3:33PM; I saw that story of the woman and the "no soda", and for a minute I thought that it was a white woman. Silly, stupid me!
The grand experiment of integration started by our grandfathers in the 1950s is a complete failure. If only they had listened to their grandfathers.
It's too late. Most whites are too scared to stand up against the liberal hysteria. If you don't believe it, just look at how many posts are penned by anonymous.
Went through the Pittsburgh Public Schools. Loved the songs of Stephen Foster. Why is my history and memories unimportant?
Wichita Massacre said...
"It's too late. Most whites are too scared to stand up against the liberal hysteria. If you don't believe it, just look at how many posts are penned by anonymous."
Including yours.
Rebel said...
Keep an eye on Indianapolis.
The massive Soldiers and Sailors monument on the circle in the dead center of downtown has some statuary that africans have been saying is offensive for awhile. There are these massive carved limestone statues around the monument depicting wartime scenes. One of those is an african slave with the symbolic broken chains portrayed on the ground, but raising his outstretched hands in thanks to the white soldier who fought and bled to set him free. It's been there well over 100 years, but that doesn't mean anything anymore.
Artistically, the monument is very interesting.
I don't personally care for one statuary scene depicting the chaos of war where the Confederate battle flag is being trampled at the bottom of the scene. But I respect another generation and culture's artistic expression of what a life-changing event meant to them.
PETA has bitched, too, about some of the animal imagery around that monument. Once leftists start demanding something they never ever stop until they get it. White people haven't been able to tell black people and their insane white apologists "no" to anything since 1865.
-Rebel
RE: Anonymous, and the all the people posting as anonymous:
I'm in a country where just by virtue of posting here I could be charged under "hate crime" legislation. In other countries one could be thrown right into jail for it as well. Hence the need to remain anonymous, but to NOT remain silent.
Marc B said...
Monuments are removed after a successful conquest. It's the victory lap of the pillager.