As if pregnancy is not enough with those harmonal changes, mood swings and anxiety.. Few things like nausea, vomiting, food aversion and constipation follow suits. I too had my dose of all these, I was always afraid of constipation as I had 2 or 3 bad experience. I got terrified when I was constipated in my 5th week of pregnancy, as usual my mom came to rescue. I followed few things and kept that constipation away till my pregnancy and even after that.
1. Less fiber in the diet, The food aversion will make us to eat less and we become choosy. I remember having rice blended in mixer with lot of water and I drank that for 2 days, I could not eat anything else and it resulted in constipation.
Eat 2 vegetables per day, try to include greens thrice a week. Vegetables like pumpkin, green peas, carrots, yam etc helps in relieving constipation, Don't forget the fruits. There are stool softeners available but it's always better to keep the medicines minimal during pregnancy.
2. We tend to become less active and it definitely slows our digestive system resulting in constipation.
Unless and until your doctor has asked for a bed rest, do not keep your body rigid and stay indoors. Go for a walk inside your compound or at least within your house.
3. Iron culprit, Iron riched foods and iron supplements hardens the stool but iron is very important in pregnancy and we can't miss it.
Apart from these I followed some home remedies which always helped me right from my childhood. If it suits you then follow it.
1. Methi Seeds : It's a miracle seed, loose motion, constipation, periods cramps all need is 1 tsp of methi seeds gulped down with a glass of water. Few scared me saying it will cause contraction but when I checked with my gynecologist she said anything in moderation is fine and asked me to eat soaked methi. You can also add soaked methi in butter milk and drink.
2. Sabja Seeds : Soak Sabja seeds in water and add it to your juices and milk shakes.
3. Ghee:; In moderation ghee can be consumed daily, mix 2 tsp of ghee in warm milk and drink. It relieves constipation.
4. Gulkand : Mix 1 tsp of Gulkand in warm milk and drink before you sleep.
Above all drink plenty of water. If you are eating meat 數 then make sure to drink extra glass of water. Never give pressure while passing stool it's very dangerous, If the constipation is accompanied by blood then immediately visit the gynaecologist and get stool softeners. Avoid eating spicy and masala foods in entire pregnancy because it results in indigestion and acidity, It also troubles when constipated.


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It occupies an entire industrial park strip mall block, and comprises one very long block with two intersecting cross streets. We'll see it again during the season but you'll have to look sharp to recognize it, because I'm certain it will be thoroughly redressed each time and they'll use different parts of the streets for various locations. One of the cross streets includes a set of fake brownstone residences with walk-up front steps. There are fronts on the main street easily redressed as bars, shops, hotels (the neon Century hotel sign was lying on the sidewalk when I was there), theatres, restaurants – you name it, the back lot can provide it. Having the back lot accessible will help minimize the impact of the Winter Olympics on shooting, because it's right down the street from the studio and won't be affected by the insane Olympic crowds and traffic. It will also save them money, because redressing the back lot costs less than building new. If that means we get more rock music, I'll be insanely happy.
From my photos of the exterior of the back lot, you'll also be able to tell how much of what Dean saw out the window was actually generated by the special effects folks, to provide that devastated city skyline. The false fronts on the set only extend up to the second floor in most spots, but the mesh of real and fake was spectacularly done. I also grinned to recognize Riverview Hospital – Supernatural's "studio 5" – as the location where Future Dean sent his team to their deaths.
I appreciated all the little touches, from the newspaper headlines to the evangelist's "God is Love" pamphlet, from the derelict Impala to Lucifer's good-guy-white ice cream suit (very evocative of Constantine and Neil Gaiman's Lucifer), from Cas's hippie bead curtain to Chuck's quartermaster clipboard and toilet paper obsession, from the way Dean's blue shirt and Lucifer's red roses popped off the screen in saturated color against the grim desaturation of everything else in the future. The incongruous use of the Contour's "Do You Love Me" blasting from the soldiers' speakers while they mowed down Croats with automatic weapons took me right back to the Vietnam years and the way the military often dehumanized the enemy to be able to deal with killing other people by finding ways to see them as not being people at all.
And that was another part of the lesson, I think. War dehumanizes us. When we let that happen – when we allow our differences to make us see each other as being less than human – we become less human ourselves. We lose our capacity for mercy, kindness, sympathy, and love. We lose our ability to perceive and respond to truth. We lose our sense of the value of life and our understanding of the reasons for living. When we become obsessed with the fight, we lose sight of why we fight, of why not just winning, but winning the right way, matters. When that happens, we lose even if we seem to win. We can't let that happen.
Like the Winchesters, we need to stick together and keep each other human.
The icon on this post is by talulababy. Thanks!
And I really am going to try to start answering comments again. I jsut can't find enough hours in the day!
Mood: optimistic
5.04 The End: We Keep Each Other Human
Despair ends the world.
From future loss, one lesson:
Brotherhood is hope.
Exhausted after a long drive, Dean arrived at night in Kansas City, brushing past a sidewalk evangelist on his way into a hotel. Castiel called on his cell phone reporting rumors of the Colt, which he said was Dean's best shot if he was still pursuing his insane plan to kill Lucifer. Learning where Dean was staying, Castiel intended to pop in, but Dean protested that he was human and needed to sleep for four hours, and Castiel agreed to wait. At 04:15, Dean's phone rang again, waking him, and it was Sam. Sam reported what Lucifer had said about Sam being his vessel, but Dean was too numb from all the emotional overload of recent events to react much. Sam said he wanted to rejoin Dean and get back into the fight, to stop being a puppet and to hunt down Lucifer not for revenge, but redemption. Dean refused, telling Sam he thought they were weaker when they were together because the demons could use their love and sense of family against them. Sadly and with effort, he said they'd have a better chance of dodging Lucifer and Michael if they stayed apart, and he said goodbye and hung up.
Dean woke up in the same room in daylight, but it wasn't the same; the room was a gutted version of the place he'd fallen asleep, and the bed consisted of naked springs. Looking out the window, he saw apocalyptic devastation, a neighborhood gutted by fire with trash and dead vehicles in the streets. Exploring, he heard glass breaking, and found a young girl dressed in filthy rags crouching in the street. When he approached, she exploded in mindless, shrieking violence, attacking him with a shard of glass. He knocked her out, and then saw the word "Croatoan" amid graffiti on a wall. Other people began to emerge onto the street, all of them with the zombie attitude he remembered, and he ran for his life. Coming up against a chain-link fence, he was trapped – but an armored personnel carrier rolled up outside and the soldiers poured indiscriminate fire into the zombies through the fence. Diving sideways, Dean escaped into an alley. After dark, he found a way through the fence, and saw on the outside a Croatoan virus hot zone quarantine sign dated August 1, 2014.
Hot-wiring a car, he started driving toward Bobby's, discovering he had no cell phone reception and the radio was nothing but static. Zachariah appeared beside him in the car reading horror stories out of the newspaper. Responding to Dean's question about how the angel had found him, Zachariah said they'd been making inspirational visits to fringe religious groups, putting them on watch for him. Zachariah told Dean he would have three days in the future before being returned to his own time, three days in which to see how his refusal to host Michael had affected the world. Zachariah disappeared.
At Bobby's, Dean found the house deserted and Bobby's wheelchair overturned with bullet holes and bloodstains on the chair back. Opening a secret compartment in the mantel, he pulled out Bobby's hunter journal, and found a photo in the back of Bobby, Castiel, and several other men posing with guns by a sign for Camp Chitaqua. Arriving there at night, he found the compound fenced and guarded. Seeing the Impala inside, derelict and stripped, he found his way in to examine the car, and got knocked out – by himself.
He woke up handcuffed to the rungs of a ladder, guarded by the future version of himself. Future Dean noted that he had passed all the usual tests of silver, salt, and holy water while he was unconscious, but was curious that he had all the same hidden toys – lockpicks, box cutters, and the like – where Future Dean kept them. Dean told about Zachariah flinging him into the future, and Future Dean was oddly intent on wanting to talk to the missing angel. As one last test, Future Dean insisted he tell him something only Dean would know, and Dean recounted a sexual encounter when they were 19 in which the girl in question made them try on her satiny pink panties – which they kind of liked doing. Future Dean brought him up to speed on the Croatoan virus having started to hit major cities two years earlier, with the world rapidly going to hell.
When Dean asked about Sam, his future self said there had been a major dust-up in Detroit, and from what he understood, Sam didn't walk out of it. Shocked and surprised, Dean questioned his future self about not having been with Sam, and Future Dean said that he and Sam hadn't spoken for five years – meaning the phone call in which Dean had just pushed Sam away had evidently been their last contact in this timeline. Troubled, Dean asked if they had never tried to find Sam, and his future self observed they had other people to worry about. Future Dean departed on a mission leaving Dean still handcuffed, being open about not trusting him and worried about the effect knowing of the duplication would have on his camp of survivors.
Dean pried a nail out of the floor to pick the cuffs. Outside the cabin, he ran into Chuck, who reported on the growing shortage of hygiene supplies. Without his future self's experience at command, Dean couldn't give orders, and then ducked a literal attack from one of the camp's female fighters, Risa, who rounded on him for having spent the night with another woman. Dean asked after Cas, and found him uncharacteristically relaxed in a cabin with four women preparing for an orgy under the guise of opening them to a shared perception of reality. Cas sent the women away, but the moment he looked at Dean, realized that he wasn't "now you." Dean told Cas to strap on his angel wings and send Dean back home, but Cas laughed bitterly that he couldn't do it, and Dean realized that Cas was stoned on drugs or booze.
Leaving Cas's cabin, Dean saw Future Dean's scouting group returning, and to his shock and horror, saw his future self unhesitatingly gun down one of his own men after tossing him a beer. In a move reminiscent of John, Future Dean told his troops that when they needed to know why there were suddenly two of him, they would be told, and shoved Dean back into a cabin. He overrode Dean's protests by saying his team had been jumped by Croats – infected humans – on their way out of a hot zone, and the man he'd just killed had been infected, showing subtle symptoms as they headed back. Dean asked what the mission had been, and his future self opened his bag to pull out the Colt, saying that he'd been hunting it for five years while the demons constantly moved it around. Now that he had it, he intended to use it to kill Lucifer.
At the strategy meeting with Risa and Cas, Dean learned to his dismay that his future self had taken up torturing again to wring Lucifer's location out of a captured demon. Future Dean laid down a map of Lucifer's location, right in the center of a quarantine zone. Cas called him on the recklessness of the plan, but agreed to come anyway. Cas asked why Dean was included in the mission, since Future Dean would be screwed if anything happened to his past self, but Future Dean insisted. Cas and Risa left to assemble the rest of their strike team, while Dean pressed to understand why he was being included. Future Dean told him he'd be fine since Zachariah was looking after him, but there was something he needed to see – Sam. Future Dean said Sam didn't die in Detroit: he said yes to Lucifer, and became Lucifer's vessel. Dean asked why Sam had done it, and his future self said he wished he knew, but now he had no choice: he had to kill Sam to kill Lucifer. Future Dean told his past self that he needed to see it, that he needed to see just how bad it got so he would do it differently. Future Dean ordered Dean to say yes to Michael, to end the apocalypse before it reached the current point, saying losing half the planet was better than losing it all. He told his past self that he had tried to say yes to Michael after it was too late, but the angels were already gone. Dean, appalled, said there had to be another way, and his future self said that's what he had thought; that he'd been cocky and never really thought he could lose, but he was wrong. He begged – but then observed despondently that Dean wouldn't say yes, because he hadn't.
As the group assembled to leave, Chuck told Dean to hoard toilet paper, because it was gold. The cars pulled out at midnight and Dean rode with Cas, who was taking amphetamines to counter the absinthe. Under a thin veneer of bitter humor, Cas said he was no longer an angel, that his mojo had faded away when the rest of the angels left and he was now mortal, physically vulnerable, virtually human, and essentially worthless.
In the quarantine zone in daylight, the group walked to the sanitarium where Lucifer was supposedly holed up, meeting no demons and no Croats. Future Dean outlined a plan to go into the building to the second floor, telling his team the bad guys would never see them coming, but Dean could tell his future self was lying. Taken aside for a private confrontation, his future self agreed, saying that the whole setup was obviously a trap, but they wouldn't be in it because he was sending in his strike force as decoys, as sacrifice pawns, while the Deans would slip in the back and take down Lucifer. Angered and sickened by the thought that his future self intended to sacrifice his friends – something Dean would never do – he proclaimed he wouldn't let it happen. Future Dean sucker-punched him unconscious.
He woke to the sounds of a firefight and saw muzzle flashes up in the building windows. Desperate to help, he ran around back and saw Future Dean on the ground, disarmed, his neck under Lucifer's foot – and Lucifer in Sam's body pressed down and twisted, casually breaking Future Dean's neck, then turning around to greet Dean. Observing that he was a surprise and had obviously come a long way to see this, Lucifer declined to kill Dean again because it would be redundant. He expressed sympathy for how hard it must be for Dean to talk to him in this shape, but said it always had to be Sam. Dean avoided his compassionate touch. Lucifer said Dean didn't have to be afraid of him, wondering what Dean thought he was going to do, and when Dean speculated about him deep-frying the planet, Lucifer turned in seeming shock to ask why he would do that, why he would destroy the last perfect handiwork of God. Lucifer told his story of being cast down for refusing to bow down to God's flawed creation of murderous man, but Dean refused to accept it, maintaining Lucifer was like every ugly, evil supernatural thing he'd ever hunted, just with a bigger ego. Lucifer smiled and said he liked Dean, that he saw what the other angels saw in him, and then said goodbye, telling Dean he'd see him again soon. Dean warned that Lucifer had better kill him now, or he would find a way to kill Lucifer, but Lucifer gently maintained that what Dean did wouldn't matter. Lucifer said he knew Dean would never say yes to Michael and would never kill Sam, and no matter what small details he changed, they would still end up in the same place, and Lucifer would still win. Telling Dean he would see him in five years, Lucifer disappeared – and Zachariah touched Dean, bringing him back to now.
Zachariah pressed Dean to say yes to Michael and avert the future he'd seen, but Dean refused, telling the angel he'd learned his lesson, but not the one the angel had tried to teach. Zachariah, furious, said it didn't matter, that he had Dean and wouldn't let him get away again – but in that very moment, Castiel whisked Dean away, landing him on the street corner where he'd waited to keep their appointment. Dean thanked him for his timing and told him never to change, and then pulled out his cell phone to do something he said he should have done before: he called Sam.
The brothers reunited with more than a little hesitation and discomfort. Dean returned Sam's demon-killing knife and apologized to him, saying he was wrong. Sam asked what had made him change his mind, and he simply said it was a long story, but the point was, even if they were each other's Achilles heel and could be used against each other, they were all they had, and they kept each other human. Sam thanked him and promised not to let him down. Trying to reestablish a little of their old ease, Dean teasingly agreed that Sam was the second-best hunter on the planet. When Sam asked what they'd do now, Dean replied they would make their own future.
There's nothing about this episode I didn't love. In reaching into the future, it called back into the past, and that consistency is at the heart of what keeps these characters so real and true and growing. In this discussion, I'm going to focus on what the brothers do for each other and the lessons Dean learned from his vision of the future, with a side order of time travel versus dreams and a look at Sam.
More Than That: We Keep Each Other Human
I had to use this as the tag line for this episode because it may be the truest thing ever spoken on Supernatural. When Dean uses "human," he's doesn't just mean "not supernatural." He's talking about more than just Sam not becoming a demon or Lucifer's vessel, and more than himself not becoming Michael's condom. Dean uses the word to mean all the definitions of humanity, which encompass not only biological but also spiritual and philosophical elements, particularly those that speak to the best characteristics within us as human beings. Webster's includes in that list "the fact or quality of being humane: kindness, mercy, sympathy, etc." Future Dean held no more humanity in that sense than Lucifer, and I think that appalling shock of recognition as much as the horror of what had happened to Sam, Castiel, and the world hammered home for Dean the essential lesson that the brothers need each other to be able to survive as themselves.
We've seen throughout the series how the brothers have anchored each other to ethical and moral codes intended to preserve the best attributes within them, serving as each other's conscience and moral compass whenever needed. In the very beginning, as early as Wendigo, the conflicts seemed simple: Dean held to compassion and the mission of saving people, enjoying hunting and killing evil along the way, while Sam focused on revenge for Jess and searching for John to achieve the mission of hunting things, intending to escape the hunting world when his revenge was done. Along the way, however, we quickly saw those roles were fluid, as in Faith and Nightmare when we saw Dean exhibit ruthless practicality in his willingness to kill humans for doing evil things while Sam was appalled by the thought of crossing that moral line. They reinforced each other's compassion throughout the season, with at least one of them always holding sympathy for whomever they were trying to help and bringing the other along.
In Dean's downward emotional spiral in the first half of season two we saw hints and flashes of his potential to become Future Dean, including the satisfaction he took in the brutality of vampire hunting in Bloodlust and – very appropriately given the resurgence of the virus in The End – his cold, pragmatic execution of infected Mrs. Tanner in Croatoan. We saw then what Dean could become when an excess of pain, grief, and fury caused him to shut down and withdraw. It scared us and it scared Sam – and it was seeing Sam's fear that finally got through to Dean and pulled him back from the brink. It was only Sam's protest that kept Dean from killing Lenore in Bloodlust and shooting Duane in Croatoan.
Dean similarly tried to ground Sam in his own humanity through the first and second seasons as Sam became more and more afraid of his purported destiny turning him into something he wasn't. Dean was always there – in Home, Nightmare, Salvation, Simon Said, Playthings, Houses of the Holy, and more – to say that Sam was his brother, not a killer, and to promise that he'd be there to help.
Season three saw the brothers flip again as Sam, ever more desperate to save Dean from his deal, deliberately worked to harden himself to choices he would never have made before, like his ready and unexpected conclusion that they would need to kill the human witches in Malleus Maleficarum. The brothers' disagreement over tactics in Jus In Bello brought that difference to the foreground; Sam considered sacrificing Nancy for the greater good, while Dean – in a marked difference from what he became as Future Dean here – argued that sacrificing innocents would make them no better than the demons they fought. Ruby twisted the outcome of that encounter into a warped demonstration that the greater good required becoming hard and cold and making logical decisions without regard for their human cost to individuals. After Dean died, deprived of the counterweight Dean had always provided, Sam bought into that argument, with its accompanying promise of achieving revenge on Lilith and being able to save possessed hosts. Dean's return wasn't enough to overcome the momentum of Ruby's indoctrination.
In season four, the brothers' ability to balance each other's struggles with doing right and staying essentially human fell victim to the secrets between them and the changes within them. Scarred by his experiences in Hell, Dean knew just how much of a monster he could and had become, and feared both falling again and seeing his brother being led down his own version of that path. Sam, meanwhile, bought into the idea that by sacrificing himself he could save the world, and that his pursuit of power was really in the service of a higher goal. Neither of them could hear the other, and both angels and demons took advantage of the split and worked to make it wider.
Dean at the beginning of The End exhibited a lot of the same symptoms we saw in him early in season two. He was exhausted and drained both physically and emotionally, punchy from two many hard hits in way too short a time. Back then, it was being tortured by Azazel in his father's body, nearly dying, being told to save Sam or kill him, seeing his father die, and realizing that John had gone to Hell for him. This time, it was even worse: unwittingly helping trigger the apocalypse, learning the angels actually intended to bring about the end of the world, seeing Sam walk out on him in anger and fall into Ruby's trap to free Lucifer, seeing Bobby stab himself to save Dean and wind up crippled, learning he was intended to be Michael's vessel and would lose himself in the process, and finally agreeing with Sam that they should go their own ways for a while. All of those things happened within a couple of weeks at most. It's no wonder that he couldn't react to Sam's predawn announcement about being Lucifer's target vessel: he had nothing left to react with any more, especially given his physical exhaustion at the time of the call.
Dean telling Sam they were better off apart echoed the one time Dean had agreed with John on that score, at the end of Shadow, but it most truly reflected what he'd said in No Rest For The Wicked about the demons using their love for each other against them. In Shadow, he spoke John's party line despite his own longing to have his family together. He repudiated that and spoke his own heart in Dead Man's Blood when he told both John and Sam that they were stronger together as a family. Only later, realizing what they were all willing to do for each other and how that had contributed to all of them being on paths to Hell, did he start to think like John. He refused Sam's plea to get back together not out of mistrust or anger, but out of fatalism, pain, and the fear of more loss, and the grief of it showed in every line of his face and body.
Even though he refused Sam and said goodbye, it's clear Dean never believed he could really make the break permanent or total. His first real question of his future self, once they'd sorted out how he'd gotten there and that the Croatoan virus was exactly as he remembered, was about Sam, showing that Sam was still at the top of his mind. He was honestly shocked that his future self not only hadn't been with Sam when the big showdown happened in Detroit – whenever that was – but hadn't even talked to Sam or sought him out for all of the five years difference between them. The thought of the phone conversation he'd just had with Sam having been their last contact was nearly incomprehensible to Dean, and the first true indication – well, apart from the derelict state of the Impala and the absence of his ring – that he and Future Dean were worlds apart.
The more he saw of his future self, the more he realized how inhuman he had become. Future Dean was burned out, empty of compassion, mercy, empathy, love; he had become as focused and obsessed as John, but without the last emotional human link that had allowed John in Devil's Trap to push free of demonic possession just long enough to save his son. Future Dean's version of compassion and mercy was simply shooting one of his men without first troubling him with knowing he'd been infected with the Croatoan virus. Future Dean didn't see or care any more about the pain and loss beneath Castiel's stoner, love guru lifestyle, or the fatalistic despair underlying Cas's agreement to go along with the plan. He lied to his team to send them to their deaths without any hesitation or sorrow. I got the sense that he didn't really have any hope of killing Lucifer in Sam either, but had simply chased the goal of the Colt for too long not to just make the attempt and get it over with. When he told Dean he'd never really thought he could lose, he was already defeated. The look on his face in the second before Lucifer broke his neck held nothing but an admonition to his past self to bear witness to how bad it got.
I'm not at all surprised that the lesson Dean took away from his future self wasn't that he should have given in to Michael when he had the chance, but that he should never have walked away from Sam. Future Dean had gone so far from himself that it had obviously never even occurred to him that Sam might not have given in to Lucifer if he hadn't been alone. In his need to deal quickly with the mounting crises of the apocalypse, he clearly hadn't let himself agonize over choices any more, never realizing he was losing himself with every decision he made in favor of expedience and survival at the expense of compassion and love. He was as gutted and empty as the rusting hulk of the Impala, the symbol that's always been the barometer of his soul. In an inhuman world, he eventually became an inhuman wreck and saw only an inhuman solution: giving in to the angels and accepting whatever pyrrhic victory they allowed.
Dean had his own history to demonstrate how much Sam did to keep him human, to keep him someone who could bear to look into his eyes in a mirror. He acknowledged it openly in Bloodlust, and whatever has passed since, he hasn't forgotten. I can only guess that Future Dean wound up overwhelmed by apocalyptic events and never again found the time or faced the pain of looking within himself to realize what was happening to him and call Sam for help. Since Dean was the one who refused Sam, he was the one who needed to see the consequences of his choice while there was still time to change. In calling Sam, Dean chose to save himself. That it may give him the chance to also help save Sam, Castiel, and the rest of the world is icing on the cake, but he had to do it simply to be true to himself, and not turn into the very thing he fought.
We don't know what finally made Future Sam say yes to Lucifer, but I don't think the specific stimulus matters any more than which specific torture Dean suffered in Hell just before he broke. Despair is Lucifer's weapon, and it's cumulative. Dean eventually broke under it alone in Hell; Future Sam eventually broke under it alone in Hell on Earth. Neither one of them is weak, but both of them are human.
Now we have hope they can stay that way.
The Time For Tricks Is Over
Time travel and time paradox always make my head hurt. We can't be certain whether Zachariah actually shifted Dean into the future or just gave him a very vivid dream of it, manipulating the situation to suit the lesson he wanted to teach. If it wasn't a dream, then Zachariah would have had to stay close to Dean the entire time he spent in the future, because the Enochian sigil on his bones would otherwise have blocked Zachariah from being able to find him again after depositing him there. However, even with his debased powers, I would guess stoner Cas could have perceived Zachariah had he been on Dean's shoulder the same way he instantly perceived that Dean himself was out of time. In Free To Be You And Me Cas was able to sense Raphael's presence in the house an instant before he actually manifested there physically, so angels were evidently able to sense each other in the world under normal circumstances.
Aspects of that future world seemed suspiciously tailored to the specific lesson Zachariah intended to teach, and threatened angrily to teach again after Dean turned him down. Future Dean concluding so passionately that his mistake was in not giving in to Michael and never even considering – as Dean immediately did – that having broken with Sam was the real proximate cause could have been an indication that Zachariah was controlling Dean's perception of events. Even Lucifer saying that whatever changes Dean might make wouldn't matter because he knew Dean would never say yes to Michael and would never kill Sam might have been Zachariah trying to inveigle Dean into indulging his penchant for perversity by doing what an authority figure claimed he never could.
When last we saw time travel in season four's In The Beginning, Castiel told Dean that he couldn't have changed what happened. The past, it seemed, was fixed and unalterable, and either Dean had always gone back in time to play the role he did, or the fixed events just shaped around his presence. Castiel showed Dean the past to persuade him to take steps to prevent actions in the future. In The End, Zachariah maintained that Dean could change the future he had seen, which implies the future to be fluid while the past is fixed – but for Dean to have been there, that future had to have happened, making the events we saw of that future part of that future's past – which should be fixed and unchangeable. Headache, yet?
Past and future are relative to our perceptions of our own lives, and are absolute only within our own minds. Remembering the past and wishing we could change it, and imagining the future and planning how to either achieve or avoid it are things we humans are good at.
But whether Zachariah put Dean into a real or an imagined future doesn't really matter. The experience was real to Dean emotionally, and the decisions he made based on that experience are similarly real. It speaks to Zachariah's single-mindedness and human-blindness that he perceived only one lesson Dean could learn and only one choice he could make from what he experienced. Dean's choice speaks to his humanity, something Zachariah clearly doesn't understand.
I Won't Let You Down
We didn't see a lot of Sam in this episode, but what we saw was key. His call to Dean being at oh-dark-fifteen in the morning suggested he was initiating the contact very shortly after waking from his dream encounter with Lucifer, perhaps as quickly as he could vacate the premises and put some miles between himself and the motel to ensure that, if Lucifer had been able to divine anything about his location, it wouldn't do him any good. Sam was still freaked out by the realization of his connection with Lucifer, which to me indicates he was still in the very early stages of processing the information.
I loved that Sam immediately told Dean the truth. After all the secrets he kept in seasons three and four, his openness now shows he really is in a different mental place. Asking to come back rather than striking out on his own told me he wanted and knew he needed Dean's support and recognized his brother's value – a far cry from the harsh things he'd thought and said about Dean's weakness after his return from Hell.
His initial statement about wanting to hunt down Lucifer did smack of his revenge plans against Lilith, and I think Dean rightly called him on it, but I liked his response of not wanting to be a puppet any more and of seeking redemption. I think the focus on killing Lucifer may be misplaced – somehow, I don't see redemption in killing things – but refusing to be used is definitely a step in the right direction.
Their reunion went as it had to, with tentativeness on both sides. Sam flinched visibly when Dean pulled out the knife; trust is still shaky, and fear and uncertainty still exist where once were only love and nearly unthinking partnership. But Dean admitting flat out that he was wrong and saying he was sorry was balm, and Sam's earnest and heartfelt thanks for being brought back in from the cold bandaged cuts in both their bleeding souls. I hope we learn soon that Dean told Sam about his foray into the future, and that Sam didn't take hearing about himself giving in to Lucifer as an indication that Dean believes him likely to fall. I hope it will instead fuel Sam's determination not to give in, and make both of them better able and more determined to stand together against attempts by angels or Lucifer to force either of them to give in to save the other.
The brothers are both still badly off balance with each other and will need to learn to work together to regain their once-smooth integration. Until their trust issues get resolved through shared experience and the knowledge that they really are there for each other again and can both be counted on, they're probably going to hesitate fractionally at different times for different reasons, so I expect their timing will be off for a bit. I also suspect they'll have a hard time for a while finding ways amicably to resolve their differences over what courses of action to pursue, given that both of them are leaders and neither will want to be subordinate to the other. This won't be a smooth road, I'm certain, but they have plenty of incentive to stay on it together. I think the first time Dean sees Sam resist a demon blood buffet without breaking stride will help both of them tremendously, and I hope that happens soon.
We'll know the brothers are back when they can tease each other again without walking on eggshells doing it. When "jerk" and "bitch" again both just mean "bro," I'll be happy.
Script, direction, performance, and production were all off the charts with this episode. I think it will count among my favorites for the entire series.
My little nitpicky things are really nitpicky, and did nothing to damage the episode at all. The major one is simply the Colt, and I loved how Ben Edlund's script addressed some of my issues even though it left them all still hanging. Dean expressing doubt that the demons would have kept the Colt intact when it has the power to kill demons put the logic question right out there on the table. I'm assuming there's a logical answer we'll learn in due course, and that it goes beyond simply needing the Colt to unlock the Wyoming devil's gate. Why anyone would think the Colt could kill Lucifer is also still out there. Lucifer is an angel, and we (although not the Winchesters) learned from Uriel in On The Head Of A Pin that supposedly only an angel could kill another angel. Uriel might have been wrong, but we haven't seen evidence of that so far. I am curious about why Castiel evidently hasn't yet told the Winchesters that it takes an angel to kill an angel, and thus why he would tell Dean that, if he was still set on the insane course of trying to kill Lucifer, the Colt would be his best shot (pardon the pun). We saw that Ruby's demon-killing knife had no effect on Castiel even when Dean nailed him in the heart in Lazarus Rising. Why should the Colt be different, even assuming Lucifer could be taken by surprise by a bullet the way Azazel was? Was there something unique about Samuel Colt that could have given the work of his hands an unprecedented level of power?
On a visual level – and this isn't a nitpick, just a funny – I did chuckle at the way Dean's beer bottle mysteriously disappeared during his phone conversation with Sam. Dean had the phone in his left hand and the beer in his right. He sat down and rested the bottle between his legs, the shot cut to Sam in the car, and when it came back to Dean, the phone was in his right hand, his left hand was on his knee, and he leaned forward far enough that a bottle resting between his legs would have taken a fast track to the floor. Hee!
Ben Edlund seems to write in two veins – crack and high drama – and suits my taste best when, as here, he puts out high drama with a tinge of crack as opposed to crack with a tinge of high drama (think The Tick). I enjoy them both, but the former provides me much more character enrichment and food for thought. His script paid off the second season episode Croatoan to great effect, but made that broad action canvas of Lucifer's endgame against humanity just the background to a beautiful exploration of Dean, Castiel, Sam, and Lucifer. The humor came in hilarious lines (This isn't funny, Dean – the voice says I'm almost out of minutes!) and even, heartbreakingly, in the depiction of future Cas as a broken ex-angel using sex, drugs, and jokes as a thin veil for disillusionment, despair, and the ultimate loss of faith.
Speaking of Cas, I give major praise to Misha Collins for two brilliant performances. Future Cas was such a total departure from the angel we know, and yet we could still see who he had been. How Misha made Cas laugh with his face while despairing with his eyes just slew me. You had to laugh at the incongruity of the straight-laced, humanly clueless angel we know planning orgies, speaking idiomatically, and grinning, but at the same time it was so clear there was no real joy in him – except when he observed that he liked "past" Dean – that you had to grieve for what he had become.
Steve Boyum brought cinematic flair to his direction. The whole sequence in the beginning of Dean exploring the apocalyptic world, fleeing for his life from the Croats, and then escaping the military massacre was an emotionally unsettling marvel of crane shots, active angles, quick cuts, and high speed motion. Full props to editor Anthony Pinker for the way all that got put together; it felt like a movie, and the extreme choppiness contributed to the sense of disorientation and panic. Also, having seen the outdoor set where they shot that sequence – more on that later – I was really impressed with the way Boyum staged the action and set up his shots to make you think the area was so much bigger than it actually is. The multiple angles helped sell that by providing visual variety. I also thank him from the bottom of my heart for setting Sam and Dean's reunion at the very same road beside the trestle bridge where the boys said goodbye to John in Salvation. Seeing Sam's car coming back from the direction John's truck had driven away just made the symbolism of the moment all the stronger, and the parallel of John giving Dean the Colt and Dean giving Sam the knife in that spot resonated powerfully. Jay Gruska's background score contributed a lot as well.
All the scenes combining present and future Dean were nothing short of incredible. Boyum had pulled off this duplication with Jensen Ackles before in season two's Dream A Little Dream Of Me, but that was for only one scene. This was sustained, and never slipped. I've seen a lot of behind-the-scenes features on how certain doubling stunts were done in television and film that clued me in to things to watch for, but this was absolutely seamless.
And that brings me to Jensen. I don't have enough words to laud his performances here. Even in the tightest closeups where you didn't have the obvious wardrobe clues to tell them apart, Dean and Future Dean were totally distinct characters and couldn't be confused. I remember Jensen at the Vancouver convention talking about how hard it had been to do those scenes because, as they say, "Acting is reacting," and he had nothing to react to when he was pitching lines to himself. Todd Scott, his stunt double, stood in for whichever Dean wasn't onscreen either speaking or reacting at the moment, to provide the head and shoulder visible in the framing of the shot, but he wasn't an actor and kept apologizing for being unable to provide the mirroring emotion that Jensen's Dean would be seeing. (Jensen laughed at the convention that Todd had never done lines before, and after having to deal with three to four pages of dialogue, pleaded "Just throw me off a freaking building; this is torture!") For all that difficulty in achieving a performance, however, you'd never guess it from what appeared on screen. Where he had a mirror, especially in his scenes with Sam, Lucifer, Castiel, and Zachariah, the interaction was magical.
In Lucifer, Jared Padalecki had the fun of playing someone totally not Sam, and seeing Lucifer's alien expressions on Sam's familiar face was creepy in the extreme. There was nothing of Sam in Lucifer's manner, and that's a tribute to Jared's skill. His Lucifer matched what we've seen in Mark Pellegrino's portrayal, that eerie calm and placid certainty overlaid with false compassion. His mild amusement at Dean's rejection of him made my skin crawl. The difference between Lucifer's persuasion and Sam's puppy dog eyes made me miss Sam as much as Dean did. Going from Lucifer to Sam at the end, Jared brought new depth to Sam. His nervousness dissolving into pure gratitude and the determination not to let Dean down were perfect. That's what we needed to see the brothers together again – apologies on both sides and the commitment to work together, with the love unspoken but clearly there.
The production crew get the rest of my praise, in all departments. The scenes of Dean arriving at the hotel and then going out into the devastation of the future street were all shot on Supernatural's new back lot: the former Watchmen set, redressed twice for the present and the past. I had the chance to walk that set, and while I can't post pictures from the inside – those of us who took the location tour in Vancouver were required to sign agreements that we wouldn't publish photos – I can show you what that set looks like from the outside, in shots taken from the street. It occupies an entire industrial park strip mall block, and comprises one very long block with two intersecting cross streets. We'll see it again during the season but you'll have to look sharp to recognize it, because I'm certain it will be thoroughly redressed each time and they'll use different parts of the streets for various locations. One of the cross streets includes a set of fake brownstone residences with walk-up front steps. There are fronts on the main street easily redressed as bars, shops, hotels (the neon Century hotel sign was lying on the sidewalk when I was there), theatres, restaurants – you name it, the back lot can provide it. Having the back lot accessible will help minimize the impact of the Winter Olympics on shooting, because it's right down the street from the studio and won't be affected by the insane Olympic crowds and traffic. It will also save them money, because redressing the back lot costs less than building new. If that means we get more rock music, I'll be insanely happy.
Tags: ben edlund, castiel, dean winchester, episode commentaries, jared padalecki, jensen ackles, meta, psychology, sam winchester, supernatural, supernatural university

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Shenzhen Debuts World's Longest Fully Electric Bus
ShekouDaily | April 3, 2019
Another first for Shenzhen took place yesterday when the BYD group launched its BYD K12A bus, the Shekou News reported.
At 27 meters long, the new BYD K12A is the longest fully electric bus in the world. The length is equivalent to a 9-story high-rise laid flat. With a max capacity of 250 people, its carrying capacity is comparable to a small train.
The bus is made up of three compartments, has a top speed of 70 kilometers per hour, and can run up to 300 kilometers in a single charge; enough for standard daily operation requirements. Its max power is 600kW, which is equivalent to twice that of the same size diesel bus. According to BYD's statistics, each K12A can reduce CO2 emissions by 80 tons per year and save 360,000 liters of fuel throughout its lifetime.
This 27-meter, pure electric, double-hinged K12A bus, first launched in Shenzhen, was designed for the city of Colombia where they have been using gas powered ultra-long buses since 2009, Li Ke, senior vice president of BYD Group, introduced at the press conference. BYD has been promoting new energy products in the Latin American market, where due to environmental pressures, they have been paying more and more attention to energy-saving and environmentally-friendly buses, she said.
"For the ultra-long pure electric bus, no one believed that anyone could perfectly solve the electric bus mileage and length, the balance of weight, and the challenges of turning and climbing. Some technical experts told the local government that the super long electric bus is 10 years down the road. The technology can now be realized," Li Ke said.
A BYD engineer told reporters that the biggest technological breakthrough of K12A lies in its purely electric distributed four-wheel drive system.
Source: 全长27米可满载250人!全球最长纯电动大巴深圳首发


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MLAs
Horse Racing (Amendment) Bill: Consideration Stage
Executive Committee Business – in the Northern Ireland Assembly at 2:45 pm on 16th November 2021.
All Northern Ireland Assembly debates on 16 Nov 2021
Roy Beggs UUP 2:45 pm, 16th November 2021
I call the Minister of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs, Edwin Poots, to move the Consideration Stage.
Moved. — [Mr Poots (The Minister of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs).]
Roy Beggs UUP
Members will have a copy of the Marshalled List of amendments detailing the order for consideration. The amendments have been grouped for debate in the provisional grouping of amendments selected list. There is a single group of amendments containing two amendments that deal with provisions and definition.
I remind Members who intend to speak that, during the debate on the single group of amendments, they should address the amendments on which they wish to comment. Once the debate on the group is completed, any further amendments in the group will be moved formally as we go through the Bill and the Question on each will be put without further debate. The Questions on stand part will be taken at the appropriate points in the Bill. If that is clear, we shall proceed.
No amendments have been tabled to clauses 1 or 2. I propose, by leave of the Assembly, to group those clauses for the Question on stand part.
Clauses 1 and 2 ordered to stand part of the Bill.
Clause 3 (Minor and consequential amendments)
We now come to the single group of amendments for debate. With amendment No 1, it will be convenient to debate amendment No 2. I call the Minister of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs to move amendment No 1 and to address the other amendment in the group.
Edwin Poots DUP
I beg to move amendment No 1:
In page 2, line 24, at end insert -
"(1A) In Article 2(2) (interpretation), omit the definition of 'modify'."
The following amendment stood on the Marshalled List:
No 2: After clause 4 insert -
"Transitional and supplementary provision
4A.—(1) Down Royal Park Racecourse Limited must submit a statement of its expenditure for the year beginning with 1 January 2021 to the Department.
(2) Where a horse racecourse operator has not submitted a statement under Article 3(4) of the 1990 Order for the year beginning with 1 January 2022, the operator must submit a statement for the year to the Department.
(3) A statement submitted under subsection (2) must include—
(a) the expenditure of the horse racecourse operator for the period beginning with 1 January 2022 and ending on the day the operator submits the statement, and
(b) the proposed budget and expenditure plans for the horse racecourse operator for the period beginning with the day after the day on which the statement is submitted and ending on 31 December 2022.
(4) The statements referred to in subsections (1) and (2) must be submitted before the end of the period of two weeks beginning with the day after the day on which this Act receives Royal Assent.
(5) In the 1990 Order –
(a) Article 3(5) has effect as if the reference to the statement submitted under paragraph (4) of the Article included a statement submitted under subsection (1) or (2),
(b) for the purposes of accounts prepared under Article 5 of the 1990 Order for the year ending on 31 December 2021, Article 5(2) has effect as if the reference to April were to June,
(c) Article 6(1)(a) has effect as if the reference to works under Article 3(5)(b) or (c) proposed in any statement submitted under Article 3(4) included works under Article 3(5)(b) or (c) to which expenditure in a statement submitted under subsection (1) or (2) relates,
(d) Article 10(1)(b) has effect as if the duty to prepare an annual statement of accounts for a period of 12 months ending on 31 December in each year included a duty for Down Royal Park Racecourse Limited to prepare such a statement for the year ending on 31 December 2021, and
(e) for the purposes of accounts prepared under Article 10(1) of the 1990 Order for the year ending on 31 December 2021, Article 10(3) has effect as if the reference to April were to June.
(6) In this section—
'the Department' means the Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs;
'horse racecourse operator' has the meaning given by Article 2(2) of the 1990 Order." — [Mr Poots (The Minister of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs).]
Before I speak on the amendments, I thank the Chairperson and members of the Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs Committee for their detailed and constructive scrutiny of the Bill and its aims thus far. I also thank the Office of Legislative Counsel (OLC), legal advisers and officials in my Department for their work in getting the Bill to this key stage.
I welcome the publication of the AERA Committee's report on the Bill, which, as well as confirming the Committee's support, includes recommendations on the need for a strategic review of the operation of the horse racing fund. The Committee recommends that my Department set out a timetable for such a strategic review, which would consider who is eligible for support under the fund, whether the amount of the levy is appropriate and where responsibility for the fund best sits. The need for the strategic review of the operation of the fund was raised at Second Reading. At that point, I acknowledged that a fundamental review was necessary, but, owing to the complexity of the issues involved, it needed to be completed over a longer time frame. I am therefore happy to accept the Committee's recommendation and can confirm that the initial scoping work is under way.
The Committee also recommended that the Department for Communities set out any long-term plans to review legislation on gambling activities, including those that relate to online gambling. As Members will be aware, DFC's gambling licensing rules do not currently regulate online gambling. Bookmakers who are licensed by DFC pay into the horse racing fund, and I understand that DFC is considering the licensing of remote bookmakers, albeit any review will not take place until the next mandate. It would therefore not be appropriate to make major changes to the legislation governing the fund until DFC has completed its review of licensing.
My officials have shared the Committee's recommendation with their counterparts in DFC, and I have asked that my officials work with DFC on the issues of common interest in reviewing the fund. I note that the Communities Minister has asked the same of her officials in undertaking a wider review of gambling legislation.
I will discuss the amendments in detail in a moment, but, first, I will remind the Assembly why this short Bill is before us. The Horse Racing (Northern Ireland) Order 1990 is the legal basis for the horse racing fund in Northern Ireland. The fund is made up of a levy collected from licensed bookmakers in Northern Ireland and was set up to provide financial support for horse racing at the two Northern Ireland racecourses at Downpatrick and Down Royal. However, since 2019, the new operator of Down Royal has been unable to access the fund, as it is not specifically named in the 1990 Order. Furthermore, as a consequence of my Department's assessment of subsidy control rules, payments to Downpatrick have also been suspended. That is because providing support to one racecourse when it is not possible to support the other would potentially create unfair competition in the market. Therefore, in amending the 1990 Order to name the new operators at Down Royal as beneficiaries of the fund, the Bill will allow for full reinstatement of payments from the fund to both racecourses. That is the main aim of the Bill. By keeping that narrow focus, I seek to ensure that the Bill is enacted in the current mandate, which will allow for the reinstatement of payments to the two racecourses as early as possible.
I turn now to the amendments that I have tabled. Amendment No 1 is a minor technical amendment to clause 3. It is simply a tidy-up of the Bill and its impact on existing legislation. The amendment removes the definition of the word "modify", which is used only in article 11 of the 1990 Order. The article is omitted by clause 3 of the Bill, so the definition is redundant.
Amendment No 2 is more substantial. It introduces a new clause to the Bill, clause 4A, which is titled "Transitional and supplementary provision". However, it remains in keeping with the Bill's overall aims to reinstate payments from the fund as quickly as possible. There are two parts to the new clause. First, it allows for payments to be made from the horse racing fund for eligible expenditure incurred by racecourses in 2021. It does that by enabling Down Royal to submit a statement of expenditure for 2021 after the Bill receives Royal Assent. Members will recall that Down Royal has not been eligible to do so before the Bill's enactment, as the current operators are not named in the legislation. While Downpatrick has already submitted the necessary paperwork relating to 2021, it has not been eligible for support either, owing to the subsidy control rules. As a result of new clause 4A, once Down Royal has submitted its statement relating to 2021, both racecourses will be able to claim for 2021 expenditure. I am aware that the AERA Committee raised the issue of the payments for spend incurred by the racecourses in the period before the Bill is enacted, so I know that that will be welcomed by its members.
The second part of the new clause introduced by the amendment relates to payments from the fund in 2022. As the deadline for submitting the necessary paperwork passed on 31 October 2021, the current operators of Down Royal will not be eligible for funding in 2022 without the amendment introduced by clause 4A. The new clause provides for racecourse operators to submit the necessary paperwork relating to 2022 two weeks after Royal Assent.
Clause 4A also includes a small number of technical provisions to ensure the smooth operation of the supplementary and transitional provisions. They include an amendment to the deadline for racecourse operators and a provision for my Department to prepare audited accounts relating to the year ending December 2021. That is in recognition that extra time may be needed, depending on when the Bill receives Royal Assent. Amendment No 2 ensures the early reinstatement of payments from the horse racing fund to both racecourses, as was my aim when I first brought the Bill to the Assembly. Therefore, I call on Members to support the amendments.
Declan McAleer Sinn Féin
I welcome the opportunity to outline the Committee's views on the Horse Racing (Amendment) Bill following its scrutiny at Committee Stage. The Committee's report, which was made available to Members prior to the debate, sets out its full work and considerations. In summary, the Committee welcomes the Bill and recognises the need for the legislation in order to support the sustainability of racing events at courses in County Down that not only provide a popular social outlet but generate significant income for the local economy.
As the Minister outlined, the Bill's main objective is to facilitate the resumption of payments from the horse racing fund to Down Royal and Downpatrick racecourses. Since 1990, both courses have been able to apply yearly to the fund, which is overseen by the Department, to support their activities, to subsidise prize money and to subsidise spending to ensure spectator safety and the proper conduct of races.
The Horse Racing Order 1990 provides for the management of the fund and names specific beneficiaries at Down Royal and Downpatrick racecourses. The fund is resourced through annual charges to local bookmakers, and its income is approximately £350,000 a year. Following a change of ownership in 2019, the incumbent operators at Down Royal have been unable to apply for fund payments due to the wording of the 1990 Order. There has also been a knock-on impact on Downpatrick: its fund applications were not considered by the Department because of concerns about breaching state aid regulations through continued allocations to one course over the other.
The Bill aims to overcome those issues by making changes to the 1990 Order. It inserts a generic definition of a "horse racecourse operator" at each site. That will enable the resumption of fund payments to both racecourses. It also makes several other technical amendments to future-proof the provision of fund allocations, should a similar scenario arise in the years ahead.
The Bill was referred to the Committee on 26 April 2021. Following that, we commissioned a briefing from the Assembly's Research and Information Service and undertook a call for evidence between June and August 2021. The Committee received eight responses to its call for evidence, and the majority of respondents supported the Bill's objectives and its primary aim of facilitating the resumption of fund payments.
We heard how important the activities at Down Royal and Downpatrick are to the local equine sector and the wider economy. It is estimated that £4·5 million is generated annually in off-course spending by spectators, reaching retail, hospitality and restaurant venues. Stakeholders were concerned that a prolonged delay in receiving fund payments had the potential to jeopardise the racecourses' activities, meaning that they might have to hold fewer events in the year. That would have a negative knock-on effect on the economy and employment. In general, the respondents supported the Bill's aims, and there was consensus to modernise the provisions of the 1990 Order so that courses are not prevented from applying in future.
Through our call for evidence, we heard that a review of the scope of the fund might be useful, as well as an assessment of the levies that bookmakers are charged to resource the fund, in order to make sure that they are proportionate to their overall revenue. We also heard concerns from some stakeholders that the current operator of Down Royal is a privately funded company and, therefore, it is questionable whether it should be entitled to fund payments.
We sought assurances from the Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs about that. The Department advised that, so long as the operator uses fund payments for the specific purpose of supporting horse-racing activities, it is not of relevance. The Committee was content with that rationale.
Officials from DAERA briefed the Committee on the clauses on 16 September and confirmed that its primary purpose was to reinstate the allocation of fund payments to both racecourses in County Down through amendments to the 1990 Order. The Committee questioned the officials about the prospect of widening the scope of the fund to allow greyhound tracks to make applications and for them to use the licence fees currently charged to bookmakers. DAERA officials advised that the limitations of the fund are acknowledged and that the Department is committed to undertaking a fundamental strategic review of it in the long term but that will take time and require input and engagement from other Departments.
On 23 September, the Committee received evidence from Down Royal and Downpatrick racecourses. The Committee heard that the inability to access fund payments has had a major impact on their revenue and that, as a result, they have had to resort to other means of subsidising their income to maintain their activities. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the inability to access fund payments has come at a particularly challenging time for the courses and has prevented them from making improvements to their facilities. We heard how crucial fund payments are to subsidising the prize pot payments available at each racecourse. That is important for attracting high-quality races and maintaining spectator levels.
The Committee therefore supports clause 1, which removes specific references to named beneficiaries in the 1990 Order and replaces those with a generic definition. That will allow fund payments to resume to Downpatrick and Down Royal. The Committee agreed that an amendment should be brought forward that would enable operators to apply for backdated payments so that they could access lost income from 2019 and 2020. The Committee therefore welcomes and supports the amendment brought forward by the Minister that will enable retrospective fund applications until the end of the transition period. The Committee also supports the amendment under clause 1 that will enable DAERA to make future changes to named operators through secondary legislation to avoid any future delay or suspension of fund allocations.
The Committee also supports clause 2, which will give greater flexibility to racecourse operators to make financial submissions independently or jointly. Committee members are also content with clause 3, which removes obsolete references in the 1990 Order relating to rules and by-laws of the Down Royal Corporation. The Committee did not identify any issues with clauses 4 to 6, which are technical and/or inconsequential.
The Committee is also content with the amendment that the Minister tabled that will put in place transitional arrangements for the calendar year 2022 only and avoid any further delays for operators in receiving allocations. The Committee acknowledges the issue raised by stakeholders that there should be a comprehensive review of the fund to look at what entities should be eligible to apply and about how the fund is operated. We also recognise that there is some discontent about the fees currently charged to bookmakers for the fund and that it is important to ensure that those be fair and proportionate to their overall revenue. The Committee acknowledges, however, that those measures will take time and cross-departmental collaboration, and, in that context, it did not consider it appropriate to provide for that in the Bill; instead, it has made a recommendation to DAERA and the Department for Communities to take those work streams forward.
In summary, the AERA Committee supports the Bill and the need to restore speedily the ability of Down Royal and Downpatrick racecourses to access fund payments to support their activities, which provide an important social outlet for the public and greatly benefit the local economy.
William Irwin DUP 3:00 pm, 16th November 2021
As stated, the Bill addresses a technical issue on a specific set of circumstances relating to two racecourses in Northern Ireland. The reason for the change is to allow the racecourses to make applications to the horse racing fund to support their operating costs. That has not been possible for some time, owing to a number of technicalities that the Bill is designed to address. The amendments focus on the supply of financial statements on expenditure and accounts for the racecourses concerned.
The Bill's general thrust received broad agreement in the Committee. That being the case and given that the call for evidence opened and closed back in the summer, the Bill before the House represents an adjustment and correction of the technicalities that have prevented payments from being made for some time. The Bill enables that impasse to end and payments to be applied for again. For that reason, I do not intend to say much more on the matter, other than that I support the Bill.
Pat Catney Social Democratic and Labour Party
Thank you, Minister, for introducing the legislation. We support it. This is an important piece of legislation, needed to maintain the economic security of two of our key businesses. The Horse Racing (Northern Ireland) Order 1990 named the beneficiaries of the horse racing fund, and the change of ownership of Down Royal Racecourse led to the suspension of payments from the fund to both Down Royal and Downpatrick. This is a very focused piece of legislation that will ensure that the payments are resumed.
The two racecourses play a key role in the Northern Ireland economy, with Deloitte's analysts totalling the economic benefit of Down Royal and Downpatrick at roughly £9 million. Both racecourses also contribute to the agriculture sector through rural employment and the breeding and training of horses. It is important to consider the key jobs that will be supported: those who maintain the courses and organise the races, the trainers and the breeders. Without the support of the horse racing fund, we cannot guarantee the future of our two racecourses. The fund was established to help with prize money and maintain the racecourses, including the safety and welfare of the horses, the staff and the racecourses. Down Royal and Downpatrick racecourses have successfully maintained their standards during the absence of the fund, but that will not be sustainable forever. It is important that access to the fund is resumed.
Horse racing is a social event, and the industry, like many sectors, suffered due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. As a Lagan Valley MLA, like the Minister himself, I was delighted that Down Royal's recent festival of racing sold out. That is a positive image for the future of horse racing, proving that people in Northern Ireland were excited to get back to the races. After a tough 18 months for the industry, it was great to see so many people enjoying the social occasion. Now the Assembly can support the industry by resuming payments from the horse racing fund to Down Royal and Downpatrick.
I have to ask about our greyhounds. The subject has been touched on, but tracks sit within the scope of the legislation. They, too, have struggled with the impact of the pandemic, but lack the same support. Hopefully, that is something that the Minister will, as he said in his opening remarks, consider.
However, I support the legislation and hope to see it enacted in a timely manner so that those important funds can be accessed as quickly as possible. In addition to the reinstatement of the fund, I encourage that the Minister to investigate retrospective payments to the racecourses from the horse racing fund. The Committee heard during evidence sessions that Down Royal had been ineligible for payments from the fund since the current owners commenced operation in 2019, so has been without funding since then. The horse racing fund currently has a large sum that has not been able to be paid to the two racecourses, so I encourage the Minister to look into making appropriate retrospective payments to both racecourses in line with the objectives of the fund.
We have had horse racing at Down Royal for 300 years. Many a great sporting day has been had there. This legislation will bring it forward from when it got its charter to run races.
Rosemary Barton UUP
This Bill is a technical issue related to the two racecourses at the Maze, sometimes referred to as Down Royal, and Downpatrick, both of which received financial assistance. That assistance helped towards prize money, general expenses on race days and assistance towards the cost of improving the racetracks and facilities for spectators.
The 1990 Order extended the horse racing fund to include Downpatrick Racecourse, but the financial assistance was limited to prize money, general costs on race days and spectator safety. This legislation ensured that licensed bookmakers paid an annual fee, which the Department of Agriculture distributed to the beneficiaries at each of the horse racing courses. At Downpatrick Racecourse, that was known as "the company", while, at the Maze, the operators were referred to as "the corporation".
The change of ownership at Down Royal in 2019 brought about the suspension of payments. Consequently, the payments from the horse racing fund to the racecourse ceased, and Downpatrick racecourse also received no funding. Therefore, a resolution had to be sought to restore the funding from the horse racing fund to both racecourses.
There were options: do nothing, amend the 1990 Order or carry out a strategic review of the 1990 Order. Do nothing was not an option. Carrying out a strategic review would have involved a number of cross-departmental issues and the length of time needed to do that was not within our gift, so we looked at the second option, which was to change, as soon as possible, the named operator at Down Royal. The second option was the most suitable for reinstating funding for both racecourses as soon as possible. That option also negated potential negative impacts such as failure to attract top competitors and thus downgrading the quality of racing. That would also impact on tourism in the area.
Supporting the amendments to the Bill ensures that both racecourses will continue to receive funding to attract top competitors to the meetings, and that will have a positive impact.
Kellie Armstrong Alliance
Thank you, Minister. On behalf of the Alliance Party, I support the progression of the Horse Racing (Amendment) Bill and the amendments to it. The Bill is largely technical in nature and has been introduced ostensibly as a result of nuances within the Horse Racing (Northern Ireland) Order 1990, which governs the management and allocation of payments from the horse racing fund to Down Royal and Downpatrick racecourses.
The Minister has said, rightly, that the Department for Communities is taking through the Betting, Gaming, Lotteries and Amusements (Amendment) Bill. That is ongoing. Indeed, the Committee Stage investigation is still happening. The Minister has confirmed, rightly, that the Bill being taken forward by Communities will not deal with online gambling. That will have to happen in the next mandate. The revenue that can be generated from online gambling would be substantial and would certainly go a long way towards helping both our racecourses. As a long-established and popular pastime, horse racing has a vibrant support base across Northern Ireland, as well as being a significant generator of activity for the local economy.
Whilst I am happy to support the Bill based on these technical and legal amendments, I am hopeful that similar provision or legislation in the future will be broader in scope and will perhaps be more focused on increasing participation in sports. In the meantime, at this stage, the Alliance Party is happy to support the Bill and the amendments.
Before I turn to the proposed amendments, I will take the opportunity to respond briefly to some of the issues that have been raised.
The Committee Chair raised the issue of a private limited company having access to the fund. The 1990 Order does not set any restriction as to the type of operation that may receive support from the fund. However, it does set out how the fund must be used in support of horse racing at the two named locations: Downpatrick and the Maze. Operators of the racecourses are required to provide a business plan to the Department in addition to the annual accounts. As a result, the use of the requirements of the 1990 Order is clearly audited. Therefore, it is the Department's view that there is no issue with the current operators of Down Royal being named as a beneficiary to the fund.
A number of Members raised the issue of the constraints that we applied when bringing the legislation forward. It has become evident to everyone who has been involved in the process that time would not have allowed us to open up the doors to look at other areas. Whilst there may be justification for other areas to seek to be included, that is a matter for a new Assembly and a new Minister to take forward in the future. It was important to address this issue now, but, had we added other issues to it, that certainly would have created potential for none of it to happen.
Many of the issues that have been raised today relate to things outside the direct scope of the short Bill as introduced. The Chair and others referred to the call for a strategic review of the fund operation, and others specifically mentioned extension of the fund to other beneficiaries. As I noted when introducing my amendments, the licensing of bookmakers in Northern Ireland is the responsibility of DFC. Currently, online bookmakers are not licensed. As a result, only bookmakers on the high street and those based on the racecourses on race-days pay into the horse racing fund.
Therefore, extending the beneficiaries of the fund at this stage to include greyhound racing, for example, or to support point-to-point racing without an extension of the levy, would mean that the level of support available to the two racecourses would be reduced, as payments from the fund would continue to rely only on the levy gathered from physical bookmakers. That reduction in the level of support would be unplanned and have an unintended consequence that the Department did not consult on. Hence the narrow focus of the Bill was necessary for it to meet its aim to fully reinstate funding as quickly as possible. However, as I have already said, I agree with the need for a strategic review to look at these things and, where necessary, to do this in cooperation with DFC, given that Department's responsibility for licensing of gambling in Northern Ireland.
The amendments are in keeping with the Bill's key aim of enabling reinstatement of funding as quickly as possible. As I said in my introduction, amendment No 1 is simply housekeeping. Amendment No 2 does two important things: it enables payments to be made from the fund for eligible spending incurred by racecourses in 2021, and it ensures that payments can be made in 2022. That can be done without delay.
Downpatrick has submitted the necessary paperwork for 2021, as noted, but it is not eligible for the payment due to subsidy control rules. Providing Down Royal with the scope to comply with the legislation for that period by submitting a statement of 2021 expenditure after Royal Assent will mean that both racecourses will be able to claim for expenditure incurred in 2021. Clause 4A also allows for the submission of statements of expenditure and plans for 2022, which, in turn, ensures that payments can be resumed as soon as possible after the Bill is enacted.
I thank the Committee for raising the issues of the payments for spend incurred by the racecourses in the period before the Bill is enacted, which amendment No 2 seeks to deal with. I point out that, while new clause 4A allows for the payments from the fund for eligible spend incurred prior to the Bill's enactment, it deals only with the calendar year 2021: the period after the end of the EU-exit transition period, when UK subsidy control rules will have applied. Any payment before that will be a breach of EU state aid rules that continue to apply to that period. Despite that, I believe that the amendment will be warmly welcomed by both racecourses.
I, again, take the opportunity to thank the Chairman and members of the AERA Committee and other MLAs for their contributions to the debate at Second Stage and today. As the objective of the Bill is to seek the full reinstatement of support under the horse racing fund as soon as possible, and, as amendment No 2 in particular ensures the delivery of that, I call on Members to support both amendments in this group.
Amendment No 1 made:
"(1A) In Article 2(2) (interpretation), omit the definition of 'modify'." — [Mr Poots (The Minister of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs).]
Clause 3, as amended, ordered to stand part of the Bill.
Clause 4 ordered to stand part of the Bill.
New Clause
After clause 4 insert -
(a)	the expenditure of the horse racecourse operator for the period beginning with 1 January 2022 and ending on the day the operator submits the statement, and
(b)	the proposed budget and expenditure plans for the horse racecourse operator for the period beginning with the day after the day on which the statement is submitted and ending on 31 December 2022.
(a)	Article 3(5) has effect as if the reference to the statement submitted under paragraph (4) of the Article included a statement submitted under subsection (1) or (2),
(b)	for the purposes of accounts prepared under Article 5 of the 1990 Order for the year ending on 31 December 2021, Article 5(2) has effect as if the reference to April were to June,
(c)	Article 6(1)(a) has effect as if the reference to works under Article 3(5)(b) or (c) proposed in any statement submitted under Article 3(4) included works under Article 3(5)(b) or (c) to which expenditure in a statement submitted under subsection (1) or (2) relates,
(d)	Article 10(1)(b) has effect as if the duty to prepare an annual statement of accounts for a period of 12 months ending on 31 December in each year included a duty for Down Royal Park Racecourse Limited to prepare such a statement for the year ending on 31 December 2021, and
(e)	for the purposes of accounts prepared under Article 10(1) of the 1990 Order for the year ending on 31 December 2021, Article 10(3) has effect as if the reference to April were to June.
New clause ordered to stand part of the Bill.
Long title agreed to.
That concludes the Consideration Stage of the Horse Racing (Amendment) Bill. The Bill stands referred to the Speaker. I ask Members to take their ease for a few moments.


Add one Chebyshev series to another.
Returns the sum of two Chebyshev series c1 + c2. The arguments are sequences of coefficients ordered from lowest order term to highest, i.e., [1,2,3] represents the series T_0 + 2*T_1 + 3*T_2.
Array representing the Chebyshev series of their sum.


text:
Years In Bankruptcy Estate Do Not Count For Adverse Possession Claims
March 3, 2016 / nancygimbol / 0 Comments
In this quiet title action out of Fayette County, the court weighed in on whether a bankruptcy proceeding, by which a property becomes part of a bankruptcy estate, interrupts the continuous possession required to establish adverse possession. Finding that it does, the court dismissed the adverse possession claim for failing to demonstrate that the property had been continuously possessed for 21 years, among other grounds.
The subject property was purchased in 1939 by Minnie Diamond, John Harding, and Rose Ermini as tenants in common with equal interests. Ermini's interest was later conveyed to Minnie Diamond, and Harding's interest to Minnie's husband Emet. When Minnie died intestate her two-thirds interest was transferred to Emet and their 6 children (one-third to Emet and two-thirds to the children). In 1977 Emet conveyed his interest to Pontorero and Sons Coal Company. In 1983 Pontorero filed for bankruptcy and the property was purchased out of bankruptcy in 2002 by Appellant Bezjak. Bezjak first learned of the remaining interest held by the 6 Diamond children (the Diamond Heirs) in 2010, after which he initiated a quiet title action asserting ownership by adverse possession. Bezjak argued that the 21-year possession requirement was satisfied by tacking his ownership onto the ownership of his successor in title Pontorero. The Court of Common Pleas of Fayette County granted the summary judgment motion of the Diamond Heirs and dismissed the claim with prejudice. Bezjak appealed.
On appeal, the Superior Court affirmed the trial court's determination. It held that the possessory period had been interrupted by Pontorero's bankruptcy from 1983 to 2002. By excluding the years the property was part of the bankruptcy estate, Bezjak could no longer establish the requisite 21 years of continuous possession for adverse possession. However, even if this were not the case, the court found Bezjak could not have adversely possessed the property against his co-tenants because he could not demonstrate that he had ousted them from the property. Adverse possession by one co-tenant against another only begins to run after there is actual ouster or some other unequivocal act or declaration by the co-tenant in possession. Because Bezjak only learned of his co-tenants shortly before filing the quiet title action he could not successfully claim adverse possession.
Click here to read: Bezjak v. Diamond, 148 WDA 2015 (Pa.Super. Mar. 3, 2016).
21 yearsadverse possessionbankruptcyco-tenantscontinuous possessionCourt of Common Pleas of Fayette CountyJudge SeletynousterSuperior Courttacking
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Park your car at Dyranut on the "roof of Norway"- the Hardangervidda.
This is a fabulous one-day hike, if you brought a bike.
Looking for a fun and adventurous time while visiting Eidfjord?
See the sights in your own pace, don't bother with long queues and have more time to explore.
Rental prices: Full day 08:00 - 20:00 NOK 1500 Half day 14:00 - 20:00 NOK 1000 Special offer 12:00 - 14:30 NOK 600 Other rental possibilities / times can be made by agreement.
A real high mountain cruise in a comfortable boat with an experienced guide on northern Europe's biggest high mountain plateau.
Daily fjord cruise on MS Fjærlandsfjord in the Hardangerfjord.
The first stage goes from Halne to Rauhellern, approx. 4h + boat trip (look at the hike description Halne – Skaupa – Rauhellern).
The following day continue from Rauhellern to Stigstuv, approx. 4h.
Take the boat "Halnekongen" from Halne to Skaupa (check the boat-schedules on http://www.halne.no/).
Enjoy the Hardangervidda at its best!
Drive the gravel road Tinnhølvegen and park your car at the car park by lake Tinnhølen. Walk on a marked trail from Tinnhølen to the mountainlodge Sandhaug approx. 4h, or to Besso approx. 5h 30 min.
We recommend that you plan this hike well in advance. Read the trail description on www.ut.no and use proper maps.
Experience a scenery with dramatic contrasts; high mountains and waterfalls. Road-building traditions from the 16th. century up to the present. 21 info-tables have been put up at the most distinctive stops in the valley. Limited opening hrs.
Family park Mikkelparken is the perfect place for families with smaller children.
Are you dreaming about real mountain experiences with real mountain people?
Attend a 2,5 hour sightseeing tour of dramatic and beautiful Norwegian scenery.
What are the components of an unforgettable evening? We believe it is – good food, good company, and fun!
We invite you to a DINNER - QUEST!
This is a great hike in easy terrain.
Transportation from Eidfjord to Skjeggedal, the starting point of the hike to Trolltunga.
Bus to/from Eidfjord Monday - Friday (not Saturday and Sunday) in the period June 15th - September 15th.
The Trolltunga is situated about 1100 meters above sea level, hovering 700 metres above lake Ringedalsvatnet with a breathtaking view.
This is a course suitable for everyone. Ideal for beginners who will get instruction in basic climbing techniques and safety rules. 30 m rock face with top rope. Bolted routes for the more experienced climbers. Booking by 5 pm, one day in advance.
On May 31st 1981 the new Church in Eidfjord was consecrated. The architect that designed it was Sigurd Sekse. The construction engineer was Johannes Røynstrand.
Part of the cultural landscape is formed by the largest collection of ancient burial sites in western Norway, with 350 graves dating from 400 - 1.000 AD. Cultural history maps available at the Tourist Office.
High above the fjord, 600 metres above sea level lie the two Kjeåsen mountain farms.
One of Norway's largest rockfill dams. Length 1.160 m., it consists of 3,6 mill. m3 stone and moraine. The dam can be seen from Route 7. Info and parking near the dam.
Farmstead with cluster buildings 285 m above sea level. Old traditional settlement. Can be reached by car or by foot.
The river Veig turns into a majestic waterfall, 272 m. down the steep mountainside. About 1 hr walk from Hjølmoberget.


Note: I wrote this article as a guest post for Wirtschaftszeitung. The business newspaper reports every month on the most important economic topics from Eastern Bavaria.
Coworking is no hype that passes by again. Instead, it is a profound and lasting trend that is changing the working world. The image of this still young development is strongly influenced by clichés that all carry a spark of truth in them, but have long since ceased to be the only reflection of reality.
When you think of coworking, you think of procrastinating freelancers who sit in cafés with their MacBooks and also call their clicking on the keyboard work. And so it really began 14 years ago, for example in St. Oberholz in Berlin or the Republikken in Copenhagen, what is now called coworking.
But nowadays not only freelancers and startups sit in the coworking spaces, but more and more permanent employees and teams from companies. From listed stock companies to traditional medium-sized companies, everything is there. There are various reasons for this.
The company must fit coworking – not the other way around.
There are good and bad reasons why companies let their employees work in coworking spaces. But no matter why, if a company does not have a corporate culture suitable for coworking, the project is doomed to failure anyway. Coworking is a culture that influences spaces and people.
I see this regularly in St. Oberholz. If teams from companies are sent to us, the individual people only become strangers with the new environment. It does not express the accustomed culture, but openness. That can be challenging. It often takes around six months for certain acclimatization to take place.
First and foremost, this decision must, therefore, make sense. Renting less space for jobs is a terrible reason. However, if employees decide to take this step, for example, to have shorter travel distances, this protects not only the environment but also their health – they are often more relaxed.
In coworking spaces, companies seek inspiration and exchange, access to new communities and people, and space to test new ways of working. Sometimes it just takes a change of scenery. What they find is unexpected, where no one has searched for. This is called serendipity.
By taking the step of letting their employees work as a team or individually in coworking spaces, they get to know new people who pursue entirely different professions. Exchanging ideas, for example over lunch, broadens the perspective of one's own employees on their work.
Coworking also works in rural areas.
However, this development is not limited to the big city. In Hausham, Upper Bavaria, Michael Heinzmann, head of Wohnbau Hausham, founded a coworking space in which architects, structural engineers, and engineers as well as people from the social and creative industries work today. They are all from the region.
The coworking space Haushamer Hof originates from both economic considerations and human needs. The old office in a private house became too small, the new rooms a bit too big. Now Heinzmann no longer works alone and can communicate with other people.
Heimat 2.0 in Bad Tölz began similarly. Marco Tunger was looking for new rooms for his advertising agency. They found what they were looking for in an old brewery, but this was far too big. What his own team does not use is accessible to creative people from the region. These, in turn, form a kind of talent pool for the agency.
In Felde in Schleswig-Holstein, a few kilometers from Kiel, Johann Engel and Heiko Kolz take the same path. Their sun sail manufactory is located in the old hayloft, which is also the name of the coworking space – Alter Heuboden – they founded, where people from the village also work after a short time.
In the end, coworking is something for people, not companies. Employers should, therefore, let their own staff decide how they want to work and where. This can be in the office, but also in coworking space. Those who work there will be much more likely to find new impulses, which they can only then carry into the company.


The Gold Coast SUNS and the Melbourne Demons will battle it out at Metricon Stadium on Saturday May 11.
Make sure you have your tickets for when the Gold Coast SUNS and the Melbourne Demons will battle it out at Metricon Stadium on Saturday May 11!
General Admission tickets for this event go on sale on Saturday April 27 2019.
Metricon Stadium offers patrons a Park 'n' Ride facility on Boowaggan Road, Merrimac. The car park opens at approximately 2.20pm and will close approximately 1 hour after the final siren. There is limited parking available at Boowaggan Road Park 'n' Ride.
All other standard sized forms of hire transport are to use the Public Drop Off & Pick Up point on the southern side of Nerang/Broadbeach Road.


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Houston, Texas: Participants Benefit After Attending Falun Dafa Nine-Day Lecture Classes
Sept. 16, 2022 | By a Falun Dafa practitioner in Houston, Texas, USA (Minghui.org) Falun Dafa practitioners in Texas hosted free Falun Dafa nine-day lecture classes in Houston's Westchase district from August 27 to September 5, 2022. The participants were Americans, Chinese and Vietnamese, and each participant learned about the classes through different means. Falun Dafa …
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Nov. 29, 2021 | By Minghui correspondent Shu Jing ____________________________________ (Minghui.org) The city of Richmond, which is located in the Houston area, held its 6th annual Pecan Harvest Festival on November 21, 2021, with Falun Dafa practitioners participating for the first time. Over 100 vendors participated in the event, and many people from all over …
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Texas: Houston Mayor Issues Proclamation Declaring Shen Yun Performing Arts Week in Houston
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Ms. Han Xuejiao, a Falun Gong practitioner in Shanghai, China, was arrested at home by local police on February 17, and has been detained for a month. Ms. Han's great aunt, Ms. Li Lianrong, who is a U.S. citizen, sought help from her senator, Senate Majority Whip John Cornyn (R-TX). Senator Cornyn responded …
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Houston, Texas: Press Conference Calls for Immediate Release of Falun Gong Practitioner Detained in China
The US South Falun Dafa Association held a press conference in front of the Chinese Consulate in Houston, Texas on March 2, 2017 to call for the release of Falun Dafa practitioner Han Xuejiao. She has been detained since her arrest in the afternoon of February 17, 2017 for her belief. Han works at a …
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vtkSTLWriter object writes Stereo Lithography (.stl) files in either ASCII or binary form.
An STL file describes a triangulated three-dimensional surface by the unit normal and vertices (ordered by the right-hand rule) of the triangles.
This example saves a 3D geometric data stored in a to an STL file.