text:
Jean-Henri FABRE Bramble-Bees and others - Chap. XIII
Texte en français
THE HALICTI: THE PORTRESS
Leaving our village is no very serious matter when we are children. We even look on it as a sort of holiday. We are going to see something new, those magic pictures of our dreams. With age come regrets; and the close of life is spent in stirring up old memories. Then the beloved village reappears, in the biograph of the mind, embellished, transfigured by the glow of those first impressions; and the mental image, superior to the reality, stands out in amazingly clear relief. The past, the far-off past, was only yesterday; we see it, we touch it.
For my part, after three-quarters of a century, I could walk with my eyes closed straight to the flat stone where I first heard the soft chiming note of the Midwife Toad; yes, I should find it to a certainty, if time, which devastates all things, even the homes of Toads, has not moved it or perhaps left it in ruins.
I see, on the margin of the brook, the exact position of the alder-trees whose tangled roots, deep under the water, were a refuge for the Crayfish. I should say:
'It is just at the foot of that tree that I had the unutterable bliss of catching a beauty. She had horns so long...and enormous claws, full of meat, for I got her just at the right time.'
I should go without faltering to the ash under whose shade my heart beat so loudly one sunny spring morning. I had caught sight of a sort of white, cottony ball among the branches. Peeping from the depths of the wadding was an anxious little head with a red hood to it. O what unparalleled luck! It was a Goldfinch, sitting on her eggs.
Compared with a find like this, lesser events do not count. Let us leave them. In any case, they pale before the memory of the paternal garden, a tiny hanging garden of some thirty paces by ten, situated right at the top of the village. The only spot that overlooks it is a little esplanade on which stands the old castle (1) with the four turrets that have now become dovecotes. A steep path takes you up to this open space. From my house on, it is more like a precipice than a slope. Gardens buttressed by walls are staged in terraces on the sides of the funnel-shaped valley. Ours is the highest; it is also the smallest.
There are no trees. Even a solitary apple-tree would crowd it. There is a patch of cabbages, with a border of sorrel, a patch of turnips and another of lettuces. That is all we have in the way of garden-stuff; there is no room for more. Against the upper supporting-wall, facing due south, is a vine-arbour which, at intervals, when the sun is generous, provides half a basketful of white muscatel grapes. These are a luxury of our own, greatly envied by the neighbours, for the vine is unknown outside this corner, the warmest in the village.
A hedge of currant-bushes, the only safeguard against a terrible fall, forms a parapet above the next terrace. When our parents' watchful eyes are off us, we lie flat on our stomachs, my brother and I, and look into the abyss at the foot of the wall bulging under the thrust of the land. It is the garden of monsieur le notaire.
There are beds with box-borders in that garden; there are pear-trees reputed to give pears, real pears, more or less good to eat when they have ripened on the straw all through the late autumn. In our imagination, it is a spot of perpetual delight, a paradise, but a paradise seen the wrong way up: instead of contemplating it from below, we gaze at it from above. How happy they must be with so much space and all those pears!
We look at the hives, around which the hovering Bees make a sort of russet smoke. They stand under the shelter of a great hazel. The tree has sprung up all of itself in a fissure of the wall, almost on the level of our currant-bushes. While it spreads its mighty branches over the notary's hives, its roots, at least, are on our land. It belongs to us. The trouble is to gather the nuts.
I creep along astride the strong branches projecting horizontally into space. If I slip or if the support breaks, I shall come to grief in the midst of the angry Bees. I do not slip and the support does not break. With the bent switch which my brother hands me, I bring the finest clusters within my reach. I soon fill my pockets. Moving backwards, still straddling my branch, I recover terra firma. O wondrous days of litheness and assurance, when, for a few filberts, on a perilous perch we braved the abyss!
Enough. These reminiscences, so dear to my dreams, do not interest the reader. Why stir up more of them? I am content to have brought this fact into prominence: the first glimmers of light penetrating into the dark chambers of the mind leave an indelible impression, which the years make fresher instead of dimmer.
Obscured by everyday worries, the present is much less familiar to us, in its petty details, than the past, with childhood's glow upon it. I see plainly in my memory what my prentice eyes saw; and I should never succeed in reproducing with the same accuracy what I saw last week. I know my village thoroughly, though I quitted it so long ago; and I know hardly anything of the towns to which the vicissitudes of life have brought me. An exquisitely sweet link binds us to our native soil; we are like the plant that has to be torn away from the spot where it put out its first roots. Poor though it be, I should love to see my own village again; I should like to leave my bones there.
Does the insect in its turn receive a lasting impression of its earliest visions? Has it pleasant memories of its first surroundings? We will not speak of the majority, a world of wandering gipsies who establish themselves anywhere provided that certain conditions be fulfilled; but the others, the settlers, living in groups: do they recall their native village? Have they, like ourselves, a special affection for the place which saw their birth?
Yes, indeed they have: they remember, they recognize the maternal abode, they come back to it, they restore it, they colonize it anew. Among many other instances, let us quote that of the Zebra Halictus. She will show us a splendid example of love for one's birthplace translating itself into deeds.
The Halictus' spring family acquire the adult form in a couple of months or so; they leave the cells about the end of June. What goes on inside these neophytes as they cross the threshold of the burrow for the first time? Something, apparently, that may be compared with our own impressions of childhood. An exact and indelible image is stamped on their virgin memories. Despite the years, I still see the stone whence came the resonant notes of the little Toads, the parapet of currant-bushes, the notary's garden of Eden. These trifles make the best part of my life. The Halictus sees in the same way the blade of grass whereon she rested in her first flight, the bit of gravel which her claw touched in her first climb to the top of the shaft. She knows her native abode by heart just as I know my village. The locality has become familiar to her in one glad, sunny morning.
She flies off, seeks refreshment on the flowers near at hand and visits the fields where the coming harvests will be gathered. The distance does not lead her astray, so faithful are her impressions of her first trip; she finds the encampment of her tribe; among the burrows of the village, so numerous and so closely resembling one another, she knows her own. It is the house where she was born, the beloved house with its unforgettable memories.
But, on returning home, the Halictus is not the only mistress of the house. The dwelling dug by the solitary Bee in early spring remains, when summer comes, the joint inheritance of the members of the family. There are ten cells, or thereabouts, underground. Now from these cells there have issued none but females. This is the rule among the three species of Halicti that concern us now and probably also among many others, if not all. They have two generations in each year. The spring one consists of females only; the summer one comprises both males and females, in almost equal numbers. We shall return to this curious subject in our next chapter.
The household, therefore, if not reduced by accidents, above all if not starved by the usurping Gnat, would consist of half-a-score of sisters, none but sisters, all equally industrious and all capable of procreating without a nuptial partner. On the other hand, the maternal dwelling is no hovel; far from it: the entrance-gallery, the principal room of the house, will serve quite well, after a few odds and ends of refuse have been swept away. This will be so much gained in time, ever precious to the Bee. The cells at the bottom, the clay cabins, are also nearly intact. To make use of them, it will be enough for the Halictus to polish up the stucco with her tongue.
Well, which of the survivors, all equally entitled to the succession, will inherit the house? There are six of them, seven, or more, according to the chances of mortality. To whose share will the maternal dwelling fall?
There is no quarrel between the interested parties. The mansion is recognized as common property without dispute. The sisters come and go peacefully through the same door, attend to their business, pass and let the others pass. Down at the bottom of the pit, each has her little demesne, her group of cells dug at the cost of fresh toil, when the old ones, now insufficient in number, are occupied. In these recesses, which are private estates, each mother works by herself, jealous of her property and of her privacy. Every elsewhere, traffic is free to all.
The exits and entrances in the working fortress provide a spectacle of the highest interest. A harvester arrives from the fields, the feather-brushes of her legs powdered with pollen. If the door be open, the Bee at once dives underground. To tarry on the threshold would mean waste of time; and the business is urgent. Sometimes, several appear upon the scene at almost the same moment. The passage is too narrow for two, especially when they have to avoid any untimely contact that would make the floury burden fall to the floor. The nearest to the opening enters quickly. The others, drawn up on the threshold in order of their arrival, respectful of one another's rights, await their turn. As soon as the first disappears, the second follows after her and is herself swiftly followed by the third and then the others, one by one.
Sometimes, again, there is a meeting between a Bee about to come out and a Bee about to go in. Then the latter draws back a little and makes way for the former. The politeness is reciprocal. I see some who, when on the point of emerging from the pit, go down again and leave the passage free for the one who has just arrived. Thanks to this mutual spirit of accommodation, the business of the house proceeds without impediment.
Let us keep our eyes open. There is something better than the well-preserved order of the entrances. When an Halictus appears, returning from her round of the flowers, we see a sort of trap-door, which closed the house, suddenly fall and give a free passage. As soon as the new arrival has entered, the trap rises back into its place, almost level with the ground, and closes the entrance anew. The same thing happens when the insects go out. At a request from within, the trap descends, the door opens and the Bee flies away. The outlet is closed forthwith.
What can this valve be which, descending or ascending in the cylinder of the pit, after the fashion of a piston, opens and closes the house at each departure and at each arrival? It is an Halictus, who has become the portress of the establishment. With her large head, she makes an impassable barrier at the top of the entrance-hall. If any one belonging to the house wants to go in or out, she 'pulls the cord,' that is to say, she withdraws to a spot where the gallery becomes wider and leaves room for two. The other passes. She then at once returns to the orifice and blocks it with the top of her head. Motionless, ever on the look-out, she does not leave her post save to drive away importunate visitors.
Let us profit by her brief appearances outside to take a look at her. We recognize in her an Halictus similar to the others, which are now busy harvesting; but the top of her head is bald and her dress is dingy and thread-bare. All the nap is gone; and one can hardly make out the handsome stripes of red and brown which she used to have. These tattered, work-worn garments make things clear to us.
This Bee who mounts guard and performs the office of a portress at the entrance to the burrow is older than the others. She is the foundress of the establishment, the mother of the actual workers, the grandmother of the present grubs. In the springtime of her life, three months ago, she wore herself out in solitary labours. Now that her ovaries are dried up, she takes a well-earned rest. No, rest is hardly the word. She still works, she assists the household to the best of her power. Incapable of being a mother for a second time, she becomes a portress, opens the door to the members of her family and makes strangers keep their distance.
The suspicious Kid (2), looking through the chink, said to the Wolf:
'Show me a white foot, or I shan't open the door.'
No less suspicious, the grandmother says to each comer:
'Show me the yellow foot of an Halictus, or you won't be let in.'
None is admitted to the dwelling unless she be recognized as a member of the family.
See for yourselves. Near the burrow passes an Ant, an unscrupulous adventuress, who would not be sorry to know the meaning of the honeyed fragrance that rises from the bottom of the cellar.
"Be off, or you'll catch it!'says the portress, wagging her neck.
As a rule the threat suffices. The Ant decamps. Should she insist, the watcher leaves her sentry-box, flings herself upon the saucy jade, buffets her and drives her away. The moment the punishment has been administered, she returns to her post.
Next comes the turn of a Leaf-cutter (Megachile albocincta, PEREZ), which, unskilled in the art of burrowing, utilizes, after the manner of her kin, the old galleries dug by others. Those of the Zebra Halictus suit her very well, when the terrible Gnat has left them vacant for lack of heirs. Seeking for a home wherein to stack her robinia-leaf honey-pots, she often makes a flying inspection of my colonies of Halicti. A burrow seems to take her fancy; but, before she sets foot on earth, her buzzing is noticed by the sentry, who suddenly darts out and makes a few gestures on the threshold of her door. That is all. The Leaf-cutter has understood. She moves on.
Sometimes, the Megachile has time to alight and insert her head into the mouth of the pit. In a moment, the portress is there, comes a little higher and bars the way. Follows a not very serious contest. The stranger quickly recognizes the rights of the first occupant and, without insisting, goes to seek an abode elsewhere.
An accomplished marauder (Caelioxys caudata, SPIN.), a parasite of the Megachile, receives a sound drubbing under my eyes. She thought, the feather-brain, that she was entering the Leaf-Cutter's establishment! She soon finds out her mistake; she meets the door-keeping Halictus, who administers a sharp correction. She makes off at full speed. And so with the others which, through inadvertence or ambition, seek to enter the burrow.
The same intolerance exists among the different grandmothers. About the middle of July, when the animation of the colony is at its height, two sets of Halicti are easily distinguishable: the young mothers and the old. The former, much more numerous, brisk of movement and smartly arrayed, come and go unceasingly from the burrows to the fields and from the fields to the burrows. The latter, faded and dispirited, wander idly from hole to hole. They look as though they had lost their way and were incapable of finding their homes. Who are these vagabonds? I see in them afflicted ones bereft of a family through the act of the odious Gnat. Many burrows have been altogether exterminated. At the awakening of summer, the mother found herself alone. She left her empty house and went off in search of a dwelling where there were cradles to defend, a guard to mount. But those fortunate nests already have their overseer, the foundress, who, jealous of her rights, gives her unemployed neighbour a cold reception. One sentry is enough; two would merely block the narrow guard-room.
I am privileged at times to witness a fight between two grandmothers. When the tramp in quest of employment appears outside the door, the lawful occupant does not move from her post, does not withdraw into the passage, as she would before an Halictus returning from the fields. Far from making way, she threatens the intruder with her feet and mandibles. The other retaliates and tries to force her way in notwithstanding. Blows are exchanged. The fray ends by the defeat of the stranger, who goes off to pick a quarrel elsewhere.
These little scenes afford us a glimpse of certain details of the highest interest in the habits of the Zebra Halictus. The mother who builds her nest in the spring no longer leaves her home, once her works are finished. Shut up at the bottom of the burrow, busied with the thousand cares of housekeeping, or else drowsing, she waits for her daughters to come out. When, in the summer heats, the life of the village recommences, having nought to do outside as a harvester, she stands sentry at the entrance to the hall, so as to let none in save the workers of the home, her own daughters. She wards off evilly-disposed visitors. None can enter without the door-keeper's consent.
There is nothing to tell us that the watcher ever deserts her post. Not once do I see her leave her house to go and seek some refreshment from the flowers. Her age and her sedentary occupation, which involves no great fatigue, perhaps relieve her of the need of nourishment. Perhaps, also, the young ones returning from their plundering may from time to time disgorge a drop of the contents of their crops for her benefit. Fed or unfed, the old one no longer goes out.
But what she does need is the joys of an active family. Many are deprived of these. The Gnat's burglary has destroyed the busy household. The sorely-tried Bees abandon the deserted burrow. It is they who, ragged and careworn, wander through the village. When they move, their flight is only a short one; more often they remain motionless. It is they who, soured in their tempers, attack their fellows and seek to dislodge them. They grow rarer and more languid from day to day; then they disappear for good. What has become of them? The little Grey Lizard had his eye on them: they are easily snapped up.
Those settled in their own demesne, those who guard the honey-factory wherein their daughters, the heiresses of the maternal establishment, are at work, display wonderful vigilance. The more I see of them, the more I admire them. In the cool hours of the early morning, when the pollen-flour is not sufficiently ripened by the sun and while the harvesters are still indoors, I see them at their posts, at the top of the gallery. Here, motionless, their heads flush with the earth, they bar the door to all invaders. If I look at them closely, they retreat a little and, in the shadow, await the indiscreet observer's departure.
I return when the harvesting is in full swing, between eight o'clock and twelve. There is now, as the Halicti go in or out, a succession of prompt withdrawals to open the door and of ascents to close it. The portress is in the full exercise of her functions.
In the afternoon, the heat is too great and the workers do not go to the fields. Retiring to the bottom of the house, they varnish the new cells, they make the round loaf that is to receive the egg. The grandmother is still upstairs, stopping the door with her bald head. For her, there is no siesta during the stifling hours: the safety of the household requires her to forgo it.
I come back again at nightfall, or even later. By the light of a lantern, I again behold the overseer, as zealous and assiduous as in the day-time. The others are resting, but not she, for fear, apparently, of nocturnal dangers known to herself alone. Does she nevertheless end by descending to the quiet of the floor below? It seems probable, so essential must rest be, after the fatigue of such a vigil!
It is evident that, guarded in this manner, the burrow is exempt from calamities similar to those which, too often, depopulate it in May. Let the Gnat come now, if she dare, to steal the Halictus' loaves! Let her lie in wait as long as she will! Neither her audacity nor her slyness will make her escape the lynx eyes of the sentinel, who will put her to flight with a threatening gesture or, if she persist, crush her with her nippers. She will not come; and we know the reason: until spring returns, she is underground in the pupa state.
But, in her absence, there is no lack, among the Fly rabble, of other batteners on the toil of their fellow insects. Whatever the job, whatever the plunder, you will find parasites there. And yet, for all my daily visits, I never catch one of these in the neighbourhood of the summer burrows. How cleverly the rascals ply their trade! How well aware are they of the guard who keeps watch at the Halictus' door! There is no foul deed possible nowadays; and the result is that no Fly puts in an appearance and the tribulations of last spring are not repeated.
The grandmother who, dispensed by age from maternal bothers, mounts guard at the entrance of the home and watches over the safety of the family, tells us that in the genesis of the instincts sudden births occur; she shows us the existence of a spontaneous aptitude which nothing, either in her own past conduct or in the actions of her daughters, could have led us to suspect. Timorous in her prime, in the month of May, when she lived alone in the burrow of her making, she has become gifted, in her decline, with a superb contempt of danger and dares in her impotence what she never dared do in her strength.
Formerly, when her tyrant, the Gnat, entered the house in her presence, or, more often, stood face to face with her at the entrance, the silly Bee did not stir, did not even threaten the red-eyed bandit, the dwarf whose doom she could so easily have sealed. Was it terror on her part? No, for she attended to her duties with her usual punctiliousness; no, for the strong do not allow themselves to be thus paralysed by the weak. It was ignorance of the danger, it was sheer fecklessness.
And behold, to-day, the ignoramus of three months ago knows the peril, knows it well, without serving any apprenticeship. Every stranger who appears is kept at a distance, without distinction of size or race. If the threatening gesture be not enough, the keeper sallies forth and flings herself upon the persistent one. Cowardice has developed into courage.
How has this change been brought about? I should like to picture the Halictus gaining wisdom from the misfortunes of the spring and capable thenceforth of looking out for danger; I would gladly credit her with having learnt in the stern school of experience the advantages of a patrol. I must give up the idea. If, by dint of gradual little acts of progress, the Bee has achieved the glorious invention of a janitress, how comes it that the fear of thieves is intermittent? It is true that, being by herself in May, she cannot stand permanently at her door: the business of the house takes precedence of everything else. But she ought, at any rate as soon as her offspring are victimized, to know the parasite and give chase when, at every moment, she finds her almost under her feet and even in her house. Yet she pays no attention to her.
The bitter experience of her ancestors, therefore, has bequeathed nothing to her of a nature to alter her placid character; nor have her own tribulations aught to do with the sudden awakening of her vigilance in July. Like ourselves, animals have their joys and their sorrows. They eagerly make the most of the former; they fret but little about the latter, which, when all is said, is the best way of achieving a purely animal enjoyment of life. To mitigate these troubles and protect the progeny there is the inspiration of instinct, which is able without the counsels of experience to give the Halicti a portress.
When the victualling is finished, when the Halicti no longer sally forth on harvesting intent nor return all befloured with their spoils, the old Bee is still at her post, vigilant as ever. The final preparations for the brood are made below; the cells are closed. The door will be kept until everything is finished. Then grandmother and mothers leave the house. Exhausted by the performance of their duty, they go, somewhere or other, to die.
In September appears the second generation, comprising both males and females. I find both sexes wassailing on the flowers, especially the Compositae, the centauries and thistles. They are not harvesting now: they are refreshing themselves, holding high holiday, teasing one another. It is the wedding-time. Yet another fortnight and the males will disappear, henceforth useless. The part of the idlers is played. Only the industrious ones remain, the impregnated females, who go through the winter and set to work in April.
I do not know their exact haunt during the inclement season. I expected them to return to their native burrow, an excellent dwelling for the winter, one would think. Excavations made in January showed me my mistake. The old homes are empty, are falling to pieces owing to the prolonged effect of the rains. The Zebra Halictus has something better than these muddy hovels: she has snug corners in the stone-heaps, hiding-places in the sunny walls and many other convenient habitations. And so the natives of a village become scattered far and wide.
In April, the scattered ones reassemble from all directions. On the well-flattened garden-paths a choice is made of the site for their common labours. Operations soon begin. Close to the first who bores her shaft there is soon a second one busy with hers; a third arrives, followed by another and others yet, until the little mounds often touch one another, while at times they number as many as fifty on a surface of less than a square yard.
One would be inclined, at first sight, to say that these groups are accounted for by the insect's recollection of its birthplace, by the fact that the villagers, after dispersing during the winter, return to their hamlet. But it is not thus that things happen: the Halictus scorns to-day the place that once suited her. I never see her occupy the same patch of ground for two years in succession. Each spring she needs new quarters. And there are plenty of them.
Can this mustering of the Halicti be due to a wish to resume the old intercourse with their friends and relations? Do the natives of the same burrow, of the same hamlet, recognize one another? Are they inclined to do their work among themselves rather than in the company of strangers? There is nothing to prove it, nor is there anything to disprove it. Either for this reason or for others, the Halictus likes to keep with her neighbours.
This propensity is pretty frequent among peace-lovers, who, needing little nourishment, have no cause to fear competition. The others, the big eaters, take possession of estates, of hunting-grounds from which their fellows are excluded. Ask a Wolf his opinion of a brother Wolf poaching on his preserves. Man himself, the chief of consumers, makes for himself frontiers armed with artillery; he sets up posts at the foot of which one says to the other:
'Here's my side, there's yours. That's enough: now we'll pepper each other.'
And the rattle of the latest explosives ends the colloquy.
Happy are the peace-lovers. What do they gain by their mustering? With them it is not a defensive system, a concerted effort to ward off the common foe. The Halictus does not care about her neighbour's affairs. She does not visit another's burrow; she does not allow others to visit hers. She has her tribulations, which she endures alone; she is indifferent to the tribulations of her kind. She stands aloof from the strife of her fellows. Let each mind her own business and leave things at that.
But company has its attractions. He lives twice who watches the life of others. Individual activity gains by the sight of the general activity; the animation of each one derives fresh warmth from the fire of the universal animation. To see one's neighbours at work stimulates one's rivalry. And work is the great delight, the real satisfaction that gives some value to life. The Halictus knows this well and assembles in her numbers that she may work all the better.
Sometimes she assembles in such multitudes and over such extents of ground as to suggest our own colossal swarms. Babylon and Memphis, Rome and Carthage, London and Paris, those frantic hives, occur to our mind if we can manage to forget comparative dimensions and see a Cyclopean pile in a pinch of earth.
It was in February. The almond-tree was in blossom. A sudden rush of sap had given the tree new life; its boughs, all black and desolate, seemingly dead, were becoming a glorious dome of snowy satin. I have always loved this magic of the awakening spring, this smile of the first flowers against the gloomy bareness of the bark.
And so I was walking across the fields, gazing at the almond-trees' carnival. Others were before me. An Osmia in a black velvet bodice and a red woollen skirt, the Horned Osmia, was visiting the flowers, dipping into each pink eye in search of a honeyed tear. A very small and very modestly-dressed Halictus, much busier and in far greater numbers, was flitting silently from blossom to blossom. Official science calls her Halictus malachurus, K. The pretty little Bee's godfather strikes me as ill-inspired. What has malachurus, calling attention to the softness of the rump, to do in this connection? The name of Early Halictus would better describe the almond-tree's little visitor.
None of the melliferous clan, in my neighbourhood at least, is stirring as early as she is. She digs her burrows in February, an inclement month, subject to sudden returns of frost. When none as yet, even among her near kinswomen, dares to sally forth from winter-quarters, she pluckily goes to work, shine the sun ever so little. Like the Zebra Halictus, she has two generations a year, one in spring and one in summer; like her, too, she settles by preference in the hard ruts of the country roads.
Her mole-hills, those humble mounds any two of which would go easily into a Hen's egg, rise innumerous in my path, the path by the almond-trees which is the happy hunting-ground of my curiosity to-day. This path is a ribbon of road three paces wide, worn into ruts by the Mule's hoofs and the wheels of the farm-carts. A coppice of holm-oaks shelters it from the north wind. In this Eden with its well-caked soil, its warmth and quiet, the little Halictus has multiplied her mole-hills to such a degree that I cannot take a step without crushing some of them. The accident is not serious: the miner, safe underground, will be able to scramble up the crumbling sides of the mine and repair the threshold of the trampled home.
I make a point of measuring the density of the population. I count from forty to sixty mole-hills on a surface of one square yard. The encampment is three paces wide and stretches over nearly three-quarters of a mile. How many Halicti are there in this Babylon? I do not venture to make the calculation.
Speaking of the Zebra Halictus, I used the words hamlet, village, township; and the expressions were appropriate. Here the term city hardly meets the case. And what reason can we allege for these innumerable clusters? I can see but one: the charm of living together, which is the origin of society. Like mingles with like, without the rendering of any mutual service; and this is enough to summon the Early Halictus to the same way-side, even as the Herring and the Sardine assemble in the same waters.
Translator's Notes:
The Chateau de Saint-Léons standing just outside and above the village of Saint-Léons, where the author was born in 1823. Cf. "The Life of the Fly": chapters 6 and 7.
In La Fontaine's fable, "Le Loup, la Chèvre et le Chevreau."


text:
Q: The libman package manager freezes in initialization I used the libman package manager on Visual Studio 2022 very well, however, the libman freezes in package console manager for a long time today when I use the libman init command.
The libman --version works well.
PM> libman --version

2.1.161+abc97ecc7d.RR

I found the similar problem in the Visual Studio community but it didn't have any solutions or workarounds.
I clean the cache of libman by below command, however, the issue doesn't resolve.
PM> libman cache clean
Cache cleaned.

PM> libman clean
libman : libman.json was not  `found:C:\Users\user\source\repos\BlazorServerTestDynamicAccess\libman.json`

What can I do to resolve this issue?

A: There are two ways to work around this:

*

*Use a different console.  As mentioned in the VS Developer Community issue:

But the Package Manager Console isn't a real command line, and doesn't provide the ability for a program to read input.

*Avoid any prompts for user input.  For libman init, add the -y or --useDefault parameter.  For libman install, make sure you have provided the provider name and destination path libman.json file (using the defaultProvider and defaultDestination properties), or as parameters (see libman install --help).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


So what can you will do to keep your kitchen trash to be able? The first thing we would recommend is certainly assess if your current trash can is sufficient to hold the amount of waste materials your household produces. It may be surprising but you can usually replace your current bin with something that's not too much bigger nevertheless is better laid out or uses your space much better. In the event you currently have a stand alone bin, why not consider getting one that is definitely attachable to the inside of a filing cabinet? These hidden in-cupboard bins are discreet and can be put into the cavity below your kitchen sink. This means the junk and odor are hidden and not in contact with any of your additional fresh or dried foods. There are a couple of attachment choices for these bin types. The foremost is to have it attached to the inside of the cupboard door so that it swings out with the actions of opening the door. The second is to have it on wearers like what you find in lots of in-cupboard pantries. Each choice works as well as the other, however if there is a spillage the door attachment preparing is usually easier to clean compared to the wire rack on runner's option.
Mrspalmreader - 3d cartoon animal cute ceramic cup student couple mug home. ?3d stereo animal cup pure hand painted ceramic water cute cartoon mug coffee. Hello kitty porcelain coffee plate 2pcs set face sanrio. Find great deals for hello kitty porcelain coffee plate 2pcs set face sanrio japan stripe ribbon shop with confidence on ebay!. Coffee mug milk d for sale gas station collectibles. Dog upstyle 3d cute cartoon animal coffee milk ceramic mug ceramic tea cup minty 4 $ minty 4 vintage fire king milk glass game bird d handle coffee mug, cup set. Coffee mug shop cheap coffee mug from china coffee mug. Shopping for cheap coffee mug at world delivery store and more from mug coffee,cup coupling,mug love,ceramic mug,mug creative,cup color on ,the leading trading marketplace from china. 2pcs set cute cat fish bone brooch pins diy denim jacket. 2pcs set cute cat fish bone brooch pins diy denim jacket pin badge jewelry w*e eur 1,04 273788382486. Cute coffee mug ebay. Find great deals on ebay for cute coffee mug shop with confidence. : panda surprise 3d coffee mug cute cartoon. 3d coffee mug cute animal inside cup cartoon ceramics figurine teacup christmas birthday gift for boys girls kids party office morning mugs for tea juice milk chocolate cappuccino 3d panda cup ceramic animal giraffe coffee mug humpf!. : animal mugs. 3d cute ceramic coffee mug pink flamingo shape cartoon animal water cup for super beauty ins girl birthday gift home party decoration by inch 4 0 out of 5 stars 9. Find all china products on sale from smteapot store on. Smteapot store has all kinds of cute cartoon pots plutus cat teapots cups coffee milk mug sets creative breakfast tea pot cup ceramic home decor xmas gifts,2018 hot sale cartoon mug mickey minnie ceramic cups milk 420ml creative fashion couples mug coffee water cup cute breakfast cup,3d animal cups owl mug ceramic mug coffee cup cute office. Coffee mugs ????? ?? online at best prices on flipkart. Buy coffee & tea mugs sets online: explore the wide range of stainless steel, glass, ceramic coffee mugs, travel mugs & more and choose according to your choices and requirements check coffee mugs prices and offers last updated on 09 apr 19.


We can authoritatively tell you that the best assistance you can ever get is that which comes from us. We serve you because we want you to be the best, and not because we will gain huge financial benefits from you. Our chemistry homework help is geared towards revealing the best chemistry solution methods to you and offering answers that will last. The fact remains that this is among the most important subjects one can take up in the college in the UK or any other place. It deals with human life and the workings of the human body. Because of this, it is a very complex area to delve into. So students will be in regular need of homework help chemistry. This is actually why we will be ready to help with chemistry homework whenever we are approached in the US.
In our chemistry homework help website, we work with a set of qualified professionals and experts. These are the hands that will facilitate your comprehension of the concepts, situations, formulas, problems, solutions, experiments and others. The major reason why you should insist on getting chemistry homework help free online from us includes the fact that everything we offer to you comes with 100% accuracy. This is our legacy and we work hard to uphold it. No matter the level of difficulty and complexity of your problems, rest assured that our experts will give you a solution with 100% accuracy rate. They have done this over the years and they will still get it right in your own case. Another thing that places our chemistry homework help service above others is the originality of the solutions. For everything you get from us, they are 100% original. This is actually why we get most of our clients coming back for more chemistry homework help.
Many people in the Canada have lost a lot of things because of lack of resources. But this is not the major problem. The major issue lies in people presuming they cannot afford things even when they have not tried. If you are anywhere in the world and conclude that getting chemistry homework help from us is out of your reach due to finances, then you are making a huge mistake. We have a deliberate campaign of offering this assistance at low rates, to encourage students to seek for more help. Most of the people in our employ are retired professors, so they are on our site because they love helping with chemistry issues.
It is good for us to note that our homework help in chemistry is for all students. We can assist high school students, we can help university students with this, and we can assist people in advanced studies like masters, PhD, and other professional areas. So, whenever the question, who will help me do my chemistry homework, is roaming around in your mind, you have us to contact. We work with experts that have the necessary qualifications, certifications and experience.
They will take care of your lab write-ups.


text:
Charles H. Cooper
chcooper@shb.com
Design and Construction Fire Protection and Alarms
Product Liability Mass Tort
Charles has litigated cases in more than 30 states across the country. He has conducted hundreds of depositions and has handled hearings, negotiations, and mediations throughout the United States.
The recipient of mock-trial awards in law school, Charles has first-chair jury trial and bench trial experience in both state and federal court as well as arbitration experience. He represents clients in various types of litigation, including matters concerning alleged product-liability defects, premises and commercial disputes, copyright infringement, pharmaceutical matters, asbestos injury, insurance subrogation, and truck and auto accidents involving serious injury or death. Charles often handles lawsuits involving fires, fire suppression systems, construction disputes, alarm systems, CPVC products, metallurgical failures, electrical cable products, and valve systems.
Charles has developed client strategies in the areas of punitive damages and e-discovery. He is part of a team of lawyers that developed alternative billing arrangements featured in the March 14, 2012, issue of ABA Journal.
Charles is committed to serving the community. He has represented clients in civil-rights matters, as well as adoption, guardianship and other family-law matters.
Jury trial in Seattle, Washington, involving an alleged failure in a fire protection system product.
Arbitration in matter concerning flood damage in Ocean Isle Beach, North Carolina.
Arbitration in Maricopa County, Arizona, involving property damage.
Arbitration in matter concerning a fire protection system in Fulton County, Georgia.
Summary judgment in Lake County, Illinois, in matter involving an explosion that severely burned an individual and caused extensive property damage and alleged business interruption loss (alleged damages were $65 million).
Jury trials in civil rights cases in the Western District of Missouri.
Partial jury trial in Livingston, Louisiana, in case involving allegations of wrongful death from heating equipment.
Summary judgment on all claims due to spoliation of evidence in Scott County, Minnesota.
Summary judgment on all tort claims (economic loss doctrine issue) in Fairfax County, Virginia.
Summary judgment on RICO claims in Harris County, Texas.
Press conference featured in Business Wire, Kansas City, Missouri (July 2014).
NHS Past, Present & Future, Kansas City, Missouri (June 2014).
Financial Leadership—Do You Have the Right Team?, NeighborWorks® Executive Director Symposium, Washington, D.C. (April 2014).
Experts in Litigation, Kansas City, Missouri (Fall 2011).
Punitive Damages Strategies and the Supreme Court, Kansas City, Missouri (August 2003).
U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Missouri
J.D., with honors, University of Tulsa College of Law, 2001
B.S., University of Houston, 1993
The Missouri Bar
Lenexa United Methodist Church, Board of Directors
Chair, Board of Directors (2019)
Neighborhood Housing Services of Kansas City, Board Chair
United States Department of Housing and Urban Development, NeighborWorks®, Founding Member

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


You need to get a bid bond for a construction project that you are soon going to be bidding on? This is a form of insurance for a company offering the bids that the one who wins will actually fulfill that obligation. These can be picked up from bond companies, those that issue performance bonds and surety bonds as well. These are very inexpensive, but they can be mandatory, and here is how you can find companies that will require them before you can bid on their projects.
The process of getting them is actually very simple. You will pay one of these companies and they will issue the bond for you. You can easily find these companies that are issuing them every day. If you are in the construction industry, you can talk to and associate that has received many of these over the years.
The primary reason for needing a bid bond is protection for the company offering jobs that people can bid on. That's really the only reason. They need some guarantee that they will be compensated for a business that decides to not the project, or decides to stop halfway. This is going to be a factor in many of the projects that people bid on, and you can pick these up from a local bond issuing company in your city or town. Finding the right one is also very easy to do if you know where to look.
You can locate these companies by looking through a phone book, or searching on the web on sites like www.pastoorlaw.com. You will be able to find these businesses in a very short period of time, and then compare how much they charge to issue them. They are typically around the hundred dollars, sometimes more or less, depending upon the company that you use. After you have compare the prices, you will know which one will offer you the best deal.
You can further evaluate these companies by looking on the Better Business Bureau website, searching for these businesses. You can see if there have been any complaints filed, and if so, you should avoid these businesses. Finally, you will need to look at reviews that have been left online for these different businesses and choose one that is going to provide you with great prices and reliability.
It won't take very long for you to get one of these if you stop by a company that issues them. You can also order them over the web. It is recommended that you get these a few days before you start bidding on any projects that will require them. The low cost of getting them makes it accessible for most companies large or small. After you have one, you will know who to go to if you ever need to get another for additional projects that you will bid on.


text:
From: Dictionary of American Fighting Ships
USS Jicarilla (ATF-104)/ ARC Bahia Solano (RM-75)
Jicarilla: A group of the Apache tribe found in the southwestern United States.
(ATF - 104: dp. 1,240; l. 205'; b. 38'6"; dr. 15'4"; s. 16 k.; cpl. 85; a. 1 3", 2 40mm.; cl. Cherokee)
Jicarilla (ATF-104) was laid down as AF-104 [Vol. IV errata: AT-104] by Charleston Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co., Charleston, S.C., 25 August 1943; launched 25 February 1944; sponsored by Mrs. R. L. Harley; reclassified ATF-104 on 15 May 1944; and commissioned at Charleston Navy Yard 26 June 1944, Lt. Comdr. W. B. Coats in command.
Following shakedown training in Chesapeake Bay, Jicarilla departed New York towing barges 9 August 1944, bound for San Francisco via the Panama Canal. She arrived 22 September, but sailed again seven days later towing ARD-27 to Pearl Harbor. The tug remained in Hawaiian waters until November doing salvage and towing work, including the difficult task of pulling SS Antigua off a reef 14-21 October. Departing Pearl Harbor 7 November, she towed barges of supplies to advance bases at Eniwetok and Ulithi, arriving the latter island 3 December.
With the campaign to recapture the Philippines well underway, Jicarilla sailed 10 December as part of the refueling group for Task Force 38, the fast carrier group then supporting the Philippines operation. Refueling began early 17 December but had to be broken off as weather worsened. Anxious to top off his destroyers and support the Mindoro operation, Admiral Halsey continued attempts to refuel until the next morning, when Jicarilla and the rest of the fueling group turned south. The fleet tug rode out the typhoon and returned to Ulithi 22 December, but the great storm sank three gallant destroyers, two of them from Jicarilla's group. Undaunted, the fast carrier force resumed its punishing attacks on the Philippines.
Jicarilla arrived Leyte 7 January to support the next amphibious operation at Lingayen Gulf. She sailed 9 January with a convoy of LCI's and LST's; despite numerous air attacks by the Japanese, she arrived Mangarin Bay 2 days later. The tug remained there until 22 January performing salvage and firefighting duties on the many damaged and beached landing craft. She arrived Ulithi 27 January. After towing voyages between Ulithi and the Marianas, Jicarilla sailed from Ulithi 9 April pulling a much-needed floating drydock to Okinawa.
The veteran tug arrived Kerama Retto, repair base for the Okinawa operation, 16 April, and remained there to perform salvage work on ships damaged in the desperate kamikaze attacks. She sailed 20 April with Idaho, arrived Guam 25 April, and from there returned to Ulithi 30 April. After towing work at the advance base, she sailed for Leyte 19 May and arrived Okinawa again 13 June. As the struggle for the island continued, she worked directly off the Hagushi beaches, towing landing craft and performing salvage work. Thus, she contributed importantly to the eventual victory by helping to keep the massive fleet afloat and operating.
Jicarilla remained at Okinawa until departing for Wakayama, Japan, 21 September. Four days later she arrived, and performed towing duties in connection with the occupation operations until returning to Okinawa 14 October. After a voyage to Guam, the ship steamed to Iwo Jima 4 December to salvage ARL-32. In the months that followed, she was engaged in towing and salvage in the Marshalls and Carolines, arriving Pearl Harbor 24 April 1946.
Jicarilla spent the summer of 1946 in the Marshall Islands in support of Operation Crossroads, the history-making atomic test series in the Pacific. Returning to the United States 14 September, she performed towing duties on the West Coast and at the Canal Zone until 23 January 1947, when she sailed again for the Far East from Bremerton, Wash. The ship operated out of Pearl Harbor until May, sailing on the 14th to Guam. Jicarilla arrived Tsingtao, China, 17 June for towing and salvage work in connection with the American marines ashore. In the months that followed, she continued to steam between American Pacific bases and China. After a month at Pearl Harbor, she returned to Long Beach 18 February 1948.
The ocean tug conducted operations on the Pacific coast and out of Pearl Harbor until arriving Yokosuka 25 January 1949. She again supported the American effort to bring peace and security to China and the Far East, before returning to Long Beach 19 August 1949. After additional towing on the West Coast, she decommissioned at San Diego 14 June 1950 and entered the Pacific Reserve Fleet. In August 1962 she was transferred to the Maritime Administration, and at present is berthed with the National Defense Reserve Fleet, Suisun Bay, Calif.
Jicarilla received two battle stars for World War II service.


Ranbir Kapoor high resolution image 19582 - Glamsham.
Ranbir Kapoor high resolution image 31132 - Glamsham.
Ranbir Kapoor high resolution image 28778 - Glamsham.
Ranbir Kapoor high resolution image 21904 - Glamsham.
Ranbir Kapoor high resolution image 19711 - Glamsham.
Ranbir Kapoor high resolution image 36173 - Glamsham.


08-09 Interaction Design Lab 1 Projects » Ready? Set… Go!
"Ready? Set… Go!" is an interactive system, which offers tourist children the possibility to discover Venice through a fun and educational quiz game about the city. The service involves, with enjoyment and entertainment, children who are bored following their parents during their visit to Venice.


text:
Chandra Bhan Prasad (born September 1958) is an Indian journalist, writer, activist and political commentator.

Life

In 2007-08 Prasad was a visiting scholar  at the Centre for the Advanced Study of India (CASI) at the University of Pennsylvania. He has been profiled by The New York Times and The Washington Post.

References

Further reading

 An 'English goddess' for India's down-trodden
 Dalit entrepreneurship can change the community`s social status: Chandra Bhan Prasad
 For a new paradigm of social justice
 'Indian languages carry the legacy of caste'
 Dalit entrepreneurship can change the community's social status: Chandra Bhan Prasad
 D is for Dalits and E is for the English Goddess - Times of India

External links

1958 births
Living people
Dalit writers
Indian businesspeople
Indian activists
20th-century Indian businesspeople
20th-century Buddhists
Indian Buddhists
21st-century Buddhists
21st-century Indian businesspeople

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
York 4°c
Our Facebook feedsThe Press, York
Our Twitter feeds@yorkpress
Our Instagram feedsThe York Press
York City FC
Knights RL
Park Life
UK Snooker Championship
Looking back in pictures
Community Pride Awards 2021
Yorkshire & Harrogate Living
York Press Top 100
CITY OF YORK COUNCIL TEMPORARY TRAFFIC RESTRICTIONS
Notice ID: BR3257300
6th January 2017 to 5th February 2017
Notice is hereby given that City of York Council (the Council), in exercise of powers under Section 14(1) of the Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984 (the Act), made an Order on the 5th day of January 2017 in respect of each of the locations numbered (1), (2), (3) and (4). Additionally, the Council, not less than 7 days from the publication of this Notice, intends to make an Order under Section 14(1) of the Act in respect of each of the locations numbered (5), (6), (7) and (8).
(1) PEASHOLME GREEN, YORK
This Order prohibits vehicles from proceeding and waiting in (i) Peasholme Green, York (ii) Dundas Street, York and (iii) The Stonebow, York between its junctions with Peasholme Green and Hungate (closed road) during the period commencing at 0800hrs on 8th day of January 2017 and ending at 1800hrs on the 22nd day of January 2017 or on a date when carriageway resurfacing works being undertaken thereon have been completed whichever is the earlier. This is to ensure that the works can be carried out safely. It is envisaged that the closure will only be put in to place, between 0800hrs and 1800hrs on Sunday 8th January and Sunday 15th January during the works period. An alternative route for diverted traffic will be signed during the works period.
(2) WALMGATE, YORK This Order prohibits vehicles from proceeding and waiting in Walmgate, York between its junctions with Merchangate and St Denys' Road (closed road) during the period when carriageway maintenance works being undertaken thereon that period commencing at 0930hrs and ending at 1530hrs on the 9th day of January 2017 (works period) or at a time when the works have been completed whichever is the earlier. This is to ensure that the said works can be carried out safely. Additionally, the 'ONE WAY' direction of traffic flow in Merchantgate is suspended during the period of physical closure to allow two-way traffic flow in the said road when the closure is put into effect. An alternative route for diverted traffic will be available during the works period.
(3) ROUGIER STREET, YORK This Order prohibits vehicles from proceeding and waiting in that length of Rougier Street, York between its junctions with Station Road and Tanner Row (closed road) during the period when works on a nearby building being undertaken by crane operation from the closed road that period commencing at 2100hrs on the 9th day of January 2017 and ending at 0600hrs on the 10th day of January 2017 (works period) or at a time when the works have been completed whichever is the earlier. This is to ensure that the said works can be carried out safely. An alternative route for diverted traffic will be available during the works period.
(4) GLEBE AVENUE, YORK This Order prohibits vehicles from proceeding and waiting in Glebe Avenue, York between its junction with Malvern Avenue and a point 20 metres east of the said junction (closed road) during the period when water works being undertaken thereon that period commencing at 0001hrs and ending at 2400hrs on the 11th day of January 2017 (works period) or at a time when the works have been completed whichever is the earlier. This is to ensure that the said works can be carried out safely. An alternative route for diverted traffic will be available during the works period.
(5) SCHOOL LANE, HESLINGTON This Order will prohibit vehicles from proceeding and waiting in School Lane, Heslington (closed road) during the period commencing at 0800hrs and ending at 2400hrs on the 21st day of January 2017 (works period) or at a time when gas main connection works being undertaken thereon have been completed whichever is the earlier. This is to ensure that the said works can be carried out safely. An alternative route for diverted traffic will be available during the works period.
(6) BOOTHAM LEVEL CROSSING, YORK
This Order will prohibit vehicles from proceeding through the Bootham Level Crossing on Wigginton Road, York (closed road) during the period commencing at 2300hrs on 21st day of January 2017 and ending at 0850hrs on the 22nd day of January 2017 or at time when track maintenance works have been completed whichever is the earlier. This is to ensure that the said works can be carried out safely. An alternative route for diverted traffic will be available via Wigginton Road, Haxby Road, A1237, Wigginton Road and vice versa.
(7) HIGH OUSEGATE, YORK This Order will prohibit vehicles from proceeding and waiting in High Ousegate, York (closed road) during the period commencing at 0800hrs on the 23rd day of January 2017 and ending at 2400hrs on the 27th day of January 2017 (works period) or at a time/date when sewer works being undertaken thereon have been completed whichever is the earlier This is to ensure that the said works can be carried out safely Additionally, the 'ONE WAY' direction of traffic flow in High Ousegate is suspended during the period of physical closure to allow two-way traffic flow in the said road when the closure is put into effect. An alternative route for diverted traffic will be available during the works period.
(8) MILL LANE, HEWORTH This Order will prohibit vehicles from proceeding and waiting in Mill Lane, Heworth (closed road) during the period commencing at 0930hrs and ending at 1530hrs on the 17th day of January 2017 (works period) or at a time when telecommunication works being undertaken thereon have been completed whichever is the earlier. This is to ensure that the said works can be carried out safely. An alternative route for diverted traffic will be signed during the works period.
The above temporary Orders will not prohibit works or emergency access nor will they prohibit access to premises provided that access is not prevented by on-going works or safety concerns. Traffic signs/barriers will indicate the extent of the prohibitions/restrictions. For further information in respect of each location please contact:
Locations (1), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7) and (8) Darren Hobson Telephone 01904 551367
Email: darren.hobson@york.gov.uk
Location (2) Rick Anthony Telephone 01904 553072 Email: richard.anthony@york.gov.uk
Director of Economy and Place _West Offices, Station Rise, YORK YO1 6GA_
BR3257300.pdf Download
City of York Council
West Offices , Station Rise , York , YO1 6GA
ycc@york.gov.uk http://www.york.gov.uk 01904 551 550
LICENSING ACT 2003
LICENSING ACT 2003 Application has been made by QM Hotel (UK) Limited to the Licensing Authority of City ofYork Council for a Premises
TEMPORARY TRAFFIC RESTRICTIONS
CITY OF YORK COUNCIL TEMPORARY TRAFFIC RESTRICTIONS Notice is hereby given that City of York Council (the Council), in exercise of powers
Notice effective from Fri 14 Jul 17 to Sun 13 Aug 17
FELICITY JOSEPHINE HARGREAVES (maiden name SANDERSON) (Deceased)
FELICITY JOSEPHINE HARGREAVES (maiden name SANDERSON) (Deceased) Pursuant to the Trustee Act 1925 any persons having a claim against or an
Notice effective from Mon 20 Jan 20 to Wed 19 Feb 20
JOAN CROSBY
JOAN CROSBY Would Joan Crosby, or anyone knowing of her whereabouts, please contact Ware & Kay Solicitors, Sentinel House,
PAMELA ANNE BOWES (Deceased)
PAMELA ANNE BOWES (Deceased) Pursuant to the Trustee Act 1925 any persons having a claim against or an interest in the Estate of the above
Notice effective from Mon 26 Oct 20 to Wed 25 Nov 20
Licensing Act 2003 Notice of Grant of a Premises Licence
Licensing Act 2003 Notice of Grant of a Premises Licence Take notice that on 19 September 2017 we, 16 RPM Ltd of 18 Copmanthorpe Lane, York, YO23
Department for Transport TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING ACT 1990 The Secretary of State gives notice of an Order made under Section 247 of the
CHRISTINE VIVIENNE ELLWOOD (Deceased)
CHRISTINE VIVIENNE ELLWOOD (Deceased) Pursuant to the Trustee Act 1925 any persons having a claim against or an interest in the Estate of the
Notice effective from Tue 19 May 20 to Thu 18 Jun 20
Notice effective from Mon 12 Mar 18 to Wed 11 Apr 18
Department for Transport TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING ACT 1990 The Secretary of State gives notice of the proposal to make an Order under
Notice effective from Fri 26 Jan 18 to Sun 25 Feb 18
CITY OF YORK COUNCIL TEMPORARY TRAFFIC RESTRICTIONS Notice is hereby given that City of York Council (the Council), in exercise of powers under
Notice effective from Fri 5 Jan 18 to Sun 4 Feb 18
CITY OF YORK COUNCIL ON-STREET AND OFF-STREET PARKING PLACES NOTICE OF VARIATION OF CHARGES APRIL 2017
CITY OF YORK COUNCIL ON-STREET AND OFF-STREET PARKING PLACES NOTICE OF VARIATION OF CHARGES APRIL 2017 The City of York Council, having made
Notice effective from Fri 10 Mar 17 to Sun 9 Apr 17
Licensing Act 2003 Notice of Application for the Grant of a Premises Licence /Club Premises Certificate
Licensing Act 2003 Notice of Application for the Grant of a Premises Licence /Club Premises Certificate Take notice that on 01/02/2019 I Serwan
BERNARD GRAHAM (Deceased)
BERNARD GRAHAM (Deceased) Pursuant to trie Trustee Act 1925 any persons having a claim against or an interest in the Estate of the
Notice effective from Wed 6 Nov 19 to Fri 6 Dec 19
Your Covid-19 Tributes We're Backing York


How. Stunning. Is. This. Dress.
I have always been a sucker for seersucker (ha!). It just automatically relaxes your mood and invokes summer vibes. I just want to be sitting on a porch in the summer breeze drinking sweet tea in this dress. What really won me over about this dress though is the sweetheart neckline into the off-the-shoulder bow tie sleeves.
This summer dress takes what would be something very classic (a seersucker material) and adds an on-trend flare with the off the shoulder and the bows. It's basically dress perfection in my opinion. I also really like that this dress is a bit longer. I love short summer dresses as much as the next girl, but it's nice to find a change of pace with more formal tea length dress. This dress would be the perfect dress for an end-of-summer work parties you may have coming up!!
The good news is that this dress also comes in a coral-pink seersucker (I definitely went back and forth between the two colors before settling on this blue – they are just both so perfect!). The bad news is that it is almost out of stock!! Make sure you get your hands on this perfect summer dress asap (I've linked it below). Don't wait or you may be disappointed!


text:
Drastic rise in cyber crimes in Navi Mumbai since 2012
Updated: Dec 13, 2015, 15:46 IST | Ankoor Anvekar
Credit and debit card frauds via social media count as highest
While Navi Mumbai heads towards becoming a smart city, police officials in the area indicate the steady rise in cyber crimes in the area over the years.
Several of these are linked to social media, especially Facebook, as revealed by data from the cyber crime cell. And, with Navi Mumbai heading in the direction of transforming into a smart city, things are only set to get worse. In 2012, a total of 626 cyber crimes were recorded, while this year the number has reached 1,053.
Representational picture
In the last three years, debit and credit card frauds via social media have registered the highest numbers. In 2012, there were 72 recorded crimes on Facebook, as opposed to almost 100 this year. Similarly, debit card frauds were 154 in 2012, which has jumped to 494 this year.
Lottery frauds and abusive calls/messages have also increased. At a recent press meet, Navi Mumbai Police Commissioner Prabhat Ranjan stressed on the need to increase staff in the cyber cell to tackle rising crimes. He further said that by making Navi Mumbai a Wi-Fi city, cyber crimes might increase further.
Speaking to SUNDAY mid-day, Inspector Pratibha Shendge, Navi Mumbai cyber crime cell in-charge, said, "There has been steady increase in cyber crimes due to advent of technology. More crimes are witnessed in social media sites and bankcards.
As a result of this year during our cyber safety week starting from December 14-19, we will focus on these issues and also provide solutions for the same. We urge residents to come forward and take lessons from these sessions."
For Cyber Safety Week from December 14 to 19, this year, the Navi Mumbai police has arranged sessions on topics such as data security, digital piracy, cyber terrorism, mobile forensics and banking and financial crimes.
Transgender community hit Mumbai streets to protest against rising crime
Mumbai Crime: Man rapes 12-year-old niece in Palghar


text:
Q: javascript finding a string in a string i need a loop to check if a string contains "\n".

var content = "Hello \n bob \n ben je op deze \n world \n bobert",

what i need is a javascript (node.js) script that checks the String content if it contains "\n" and if it does
it needs to split the on the "\n" char and then print it like this
<content>Hello </content>

<content>bob </content>

<content>ben je op deze </content>

<content>world </content>

<content>bobert</content>

A: var content = "Hello \n bob \n ben je op deze \n world \n bobert";
var arr = content.split("\n");
var str = '';
arr.forEach(function(val){
 str += '<content>'+val+'</content>
';
})

$("div").html(str)

A: I don't know Node.js but in javascript it can be done using split()
var content = "Hello \n bob \n ben je op deze \n world \n bobert",
content_array = content.split("\n");
content_array.forEach(function(entry) {
    document.write("<content>'+entry+'</content>
");
});


Our Signature Full Body Massages take you on a deeply relaxing journey to far eastern shores. The perfect infusion of eastern and western massage techniques, will transport you to a place of renewed calm as our therapists expertly massage every ounce of tension from the body. Our Signature Full Body Massages incorporate a eastern welcoming and grounding foot ritual and our signature aroma infusion of coconut and green mandarin.


text:
Prev Med. 1995 Jan;24(1):41-7.
Combined use of nicotine patch and gum in smoking cessation: a placebo-controlled clinical trial.
Kornitzer M1, Boutsen M, Dramaix M, Thijs J, Gustavsson G.
Laboratory of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Free University Brussels, Belgium.
Smoking is considered as an addiction to nicotine for most subjects consuming 10 cigarettes or more per day. Hence, nicotine replacement therapy by way of gum, patch, or spray has been advocated. The rationale of this study is to evaluate the possible beneficial effects of adding nicotine gum to the routine of subjects using the nicotine patch. The effect of the nicotine patch against the placebo, both groups receiving placebo nicotine gum, has also been assessed.
Healthy subjects (374) were randomized at their work-setting in a 1-year double-blind placebo-controlled trial: 149 subjects to active nicotine patch + active gum (group 1), 150 to active nicotine patch + placebo gum (group 2), and 75 to placebo patch + gum (group 3). Treatment duration was 12 weeks with a 16-hr transdermal patch of 15 mg, followed by a 6 + 6-weeks weaning period on respectively 10 and 5 mg patches. Gum use was not restricted during the first 6 months, with recommendations to use at least four pieces a day. A strict definition of smoking abstinence was used in this study, which did not allow smoking any cigarette after Week 1. Nonsmoking status at each visit, as reported by the subjects, was verified by CO below 10 ppm in expired air.
Abstinence rates in group 1 against group 2 were 34.2 and 22.7% (P = 0.027) at 12 weeks, 27.5 and 15.3% (P = 0.010) at 24 weeks, and 18.1 and 12.7% (P = 0.191) at 52 weeks. In group 3, abstinence rates were 17.3, 14.7, and 13.3% respectively at 12, 24, and 52 weeks. Using logistic regression with adjustment for six baseline covariates, odds ratios for abstinence (with 95% CI) were computed. For group 1/group 2, OR at 12, 24, and 52 weeks were 1.72 (1.03-2.94) (P = 0.039), 2.04 (1.14-3.57) (P = 0.018), and 1.47 (0.76-2.76) (P = 0.125). No significant differences in OR were observed when comparing groups 2 and 3. Time to relapse is significantly longer in group 1 as compared to that of group 2 (P = 0.041), whereas no significant differences between groups 2 and 3 were observed. No significant differences between the three groups in systemic and local adverse drug events were observed.
Adding active gum use to active patch use in subjects smoking 10 cigarettes or more a day increased abstinence rates, which are statistically significant up to 24 weeks.
10.1006/pmed.1995.1006
Administration, Cutaneous
Nicotine/administration & dosage*
Nicotine/adverse effects
Smoking Cessation*
Quitting Smoking - MedlinePlus Health Information
NICOTINE - Hazardous Substances Data Bank


text:
Let's Explore Diabetes with Owls: Essays, Etc.
Featuring music by Andrew Bird
Read by David Sedaris
Format: Library CD (In Stock)
Category: Nonfiction/Humor
Publisher: Hachette Book Group Publisher: Hachette Book Group
A London Guardian Pick of Best Audiobooks
A 2014 Audie Award Finalist for Best Humor Narration
A 2013 Grammy Award Nominee for Best Spoken Word Album
An AudioFile Editors' Pick in April 2013
A #1 New York Times bestseller
A #1 Wall Street Journal bestseller
An Amazon Top 100 Book of 2013
A #1 Los Angeles Times bestseller
A USA Today bestseller
A Washington Post bestseller
A San Francisco Chronicle bestseller
A #1 Publishers Weekly bestseller
A guy walks into a bar car and…
From here the story could take many turns. When the guy is David Sedaris, the possibilities are endless, but the result is always the same: he will both delight you with twists of humor and intelligence and leave you deeply moved.
Sedaris remembers his father's dinnertime attire (shirtsleeves and underpants), his first colonoscopy (remarkably pleasant), and the time he considered buying the skeleton of a murdered Pygmy. The common thread? Sedaris masterfully turns each essay into a love story: how it feels to be in a relationship where one loves and is loved over many years, what it means to be part of a family, and how it's possible, through all of life's absurdities, to grow to love oneself.
With with book, Sedaris shows once again why he is widely considered the "the funniest writer in America" (O, The Oprah Magazine).
"Once you hear Sedaris' nasal lilt, you will be unable to read his books without it echoing in your head. Everything sounds funnier when read in his voice, even the slightly morose musings on growing up gay." —Guardian (London)
"David Sedaris's familiar voice and delivery make everything he writes funnier, odder, and more poignant. Sedaris knows how to make the most of the material, perfectly emphasizing every punch line, gross-out, and auditory double take. A few live recordings, complete with an appreciative audience, are interspersed with the studio readings." —AudioFile
"Hilarious…Winning...Sedaris' experiences are an endless source of good material." —People
"Artfully milked embarrassing personal incidents for literary laughs…There are plenty of well-cut gems, including one about an ill-fated adoption of some sea turtles that's both hilarious and touching." —Entertainment Weekly
"The funniest writer in America…Sedaris is thoughtful and sweet in addition to being slyly hilarious." —O, The Oprah Magazine
"Let's Explore Diabetes with Owls was the kind of book that I finished and just immediately wanted to start reading again." —Esquire
"It's quintessential Sedaris…There's always a laugh-out-loud moment just around the corner." —USA Today
"Sedaris is a remarkably skilled storyteller and savvy essayist. He weaves together vivid images and sensations into a coherent whole that packs a serious emotional punch…Yes, David Sedaris is really that good. And, based on this latest collection, he's getting only better." —Los Angeles Times
Author Bio: David Sedaris
David Sedaris is a playwright and a regular commentator for National Public Radio. He is also the author of the bestselling Barrel Fever, Naked, Holidays on Ice, Dress Your Family in Corduroy and Denim, When You Are Engulfed in Flames, and Me Talk Pretty One Day. He travels extensively through Europe and the United States on lecture tours and lives in England.
Format: Library CD Format: MP3 CD
Available Formats : Library CD, MP3 CD