For rent house 2 bedrooms 75 sqrm, area 95 sqrm, in the area of Peristerona within Lefkosia (Nicosia). It has 2 bedrooms, 1 wc and 1 bath/showers. Main features include: Garden, double glazing, store room. The House was constructed in 1980 and was renovated in 2018. Electricity, Telephone, Water Connection, Connected to sewage system, Τhe plot area is 95 square meters. more . . .
Unique property house 5 bedrooms with title deed, detached, in cul de sac road, with built area of 400 sqrm, within a plot of area 580 sqrm, in the area of Strovolos within Nicosia (Lefkosia) district. It has 5 bedrooms, 4 wc and 3 bath/showers. Main features include: Garden, granite kitchen, double glazing, maids room, classic architecture, marble floors, en suite more . . .
For rent house 3 bedrooms with built area of 100 sqrm, in the area of Galata within Nicosia (Lefkosia) district. It has 3 bedrooms, 1 wc and 1 bath/showers. Main features include: Open plan layout, double glazing, marble floors. The House was constructed in 1980. Walking distance from: bank, pharmacy, hair dresser, corner shop, bakery, park. 5 minutes from: nursery, more . . .
For rent house 2 bedrooms with built area of 100 sqrm, in the area of Nicosia within Nicosia (Lefkosia) district. It has 2 bedrooms, 1 wc and 1 bath/showers. Main features include: Open plan layout, marble floors. The House was constructed in 2005. Walking distance from: pharmacy, hair dresser, beauty salon, corner shop, bakery, park. 5 minutes from: nursery, primary more . . .
For rent house 3 bedrooms in cul de sac road, with built area of 180 sqrm, within a plot of area 520 sqrm, in the area of Aglantzia within Nicosia (Lefkosia) district. It has 3 bedrooms, 2 wc and 2 bath/showers. Main features include: Garden, double glazing, en suite bath/shower, parquet bedrooms. The House was constructed in 2002 and was renovated in 2016. Τhe plot area more . . .
For rent furnished and equipped independent three-bedroom house in Kapedes. The house has area of 200 sqm, is spacious and bright in a very good location. It is located on a plot of 1600sqm and has: - Independent kitchen with all built-in electrical appliances. - living room and dining area. - floor with marble. - more . . .
For rent house 4 bedrooms semi-detached, 220 sqrm, area 350 sqrm, in the area of Aglantzia within Nicosia. It has 4 bedrooms, 3 wc and 3 bath/showers. Main features include: Garden, store room, open plan layout, double glazing, maids room, en suite bath/shower, parquet bedrooms, barbeque. Τhe plot area is 350 square meters. Walking distance from: bank, pharmacy, hair more . . .
For rent house 3 bedrooms semi-detached, maisonette, 200 sqrm, area 250 sqrm, in the relaxing area of Lakatameia within Lefkosia (Nicosia). It has 3 bedrooms, 3 wc and 2 bath/showers. Main features include: Garden. The House was constructed in 2006. Τhe plot area is 250 square meters. 5 minutes from: primary school. It is within close proximity to: Lidl Lakatameia. The more . . .
Ενοικιάζεται νεόδμητη γωνιακή κατοικία του 2017 Καλλιθέα, Δάλι Γρήγορη πρόσβαση στον αυτοκινητόδρομο 5 λεπτά απο σχολεία και τράπεζες 10 λεπτά απο το Γενικό Νοσοκομειο και απο more . . .
Interesting proposition house 3 bedrooms with title deed, semi-detached, 170 sqrm, area 291 sqrm, in the area of Lakatameia within Lefkosia (Nicosia). It has 3 bedrooms, 2 wc and 2 bath/showers. Main features include: Garden. The House was constructed in 1985 and was renovated in 2006. Τhe plot area is 291 square meters. Walking distance from: bank, pharmacy, corner more . . .
A fully furnished and equipped three-bedroom house for rent or sale in Acropolis. The house is located in a very good area near the Hilton Hotel 5 minutes from the city center. The house is comfortable and functional with an area of 300 sqm and . it has: . independent kitchen with all built-in electrical more . . .
For rent house 5 bedrooms maisonette, 280 sqrm, area 300 sqrm, in the area of Strovolos within Lefkosia (Nicosia). It has 5 bedrooms, 3 wc and 3 bath/showers. Main features include: Garden, store room, granite kitchen, study room, double glazing, maids room, parquet bedrooms, alarm system, basement. Τhe plot area is 300 square meters. Walking distance from: corner shop, more . . .
Πωλείται ή ενοικιάζεται πολυτελής ανεξάρτητη οικία στο Παλιομέτοχο μοντέρνου σχεδιασμου κτισμένη σε οικόπεδο 830 τ.μ. (300 τ.μ καλυμμένοι χώροι, σύνολο 480 τ.μ). Η οικία βρίσκεται σε more . . .
For rent ground floor house total covered space 160sqm with three bedrooms, three bath with large back yard and garden and large storage back house. Everything is completely and beautifully renovated except floors, doors and closets. All appliances and furniture are also included. (Please Note: Owner is willing to more . . .
For rent house 4 bedrooms maisonette, 230 sqrm, area 250 sqrm, in the area of Egkomi within Lefkosia (Nicosia). It has 4 bedrooms, 3 wc and 2 bath/showers. Main features include: Garden, barbeque, double glazing, en suite bath/shower, open plan layout, parquet bedrooms, store room, walk in closet, water pressure system. The House was constructed in 2005. Τhe more . . .
A very nice modern apartment in a very good central location near to all services and easy access to the motorway 12 from nicosia center 15 from Larnaca.
Luxury 4 bedroom house for long term rent in Kato Lakatamia. Situated in a very quiet and peaceful area at a dead end. Spacious and very comfortable property 250 sq.m. 200sq.m. large garden with recently planted brand new grass with water well and automated watering system 2 large independent parkings 2 large more . . .
Πωλείται ή Ενοικιάζεται πολυτελής ανεξάρτητη κατοικία σε ήσυχη περιοχή παρά την βιοτεχνική Αγλαντζιάς. Η κατοικία διαθέτει 4 υπν. και γραφείο, σε ένα συνολικό εμβαδό 350 τ.μ. more . . .
HOUSE FOR RENT. For rent a large four-bedroom house on 2 levels area of 210 sqm, built in 2008 in Lakatamia. It is located in a very nice and quiet neighborhood, opposite a park. It has large and comfortable spaces, with a large kitchen and living room. In the kitchen there are all built-in electrical appliances along more . . .
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Cedar Point will open for the 2018 season on Saturday, May 5.
SANDUSKY, Ohio, May 2, 2018 – The wait is over – Cedar Point will open for the 2018 season on Saturday, May 5 with the first public rides on the new multi-record-breaking Steel Vengeance™ roller coaster. The park known as A Place Like No Other™ is the perfect multi-day getaway for many reasons, and now there are even more park enhancements to see, ride and explore.
This weekend is the grand opening of Steel Vengeance, the world's first hyper-hybrid roller coaster. Guests can enjoy live music, meet the ride's trio of "outcasts," receive commemorative giveaways, play a special scratch-off game to win park prizes, and of course, ride the latest scream machine to stake its claim in FrontierTown.
Steel Vengeance, the world's first hyper-hybrid roller coaster, opens this weekend.
Adding to the entertainment is Loop Rawlins, best known for his trick roping and whip cracking on the hit show America's Got Talent. Rawlins will have several performances on the Gossip Gulch stage.
Steel Vengeance stands 205 feet over the park and shatters 10 world records, including tallest, fastest and longest hybrid coaster, steepest drop on a hybrid coaster, most inversions on a hybrid roller coaster, the roller coaster with the most airtime (the feeling of weightlessness over large hills) in the world and more.
In addition to Steel Vengeance, FrontierTown is also home to a variety of new food locations, including Sidewinder Sue's. Sue's serves up sidewinder fries – curly potato fries with choices of toppings like pulled pork, brisket or chili. Just steps away, Miss Keat's Smokehouse is serving up barbecue brisket, pork, wings, sausage and savory sides, with many of the meats smoked on site.
Steel Vengeance-themed food comes to the Round Up where new gourmet burgers debut, like the Blackjack Burger, Sizzlin' Chess Burger and the Digger Challenge Burger. Steel Vengeance Brownie Bandit ice cream is available at Toft's Ice Cream Parlor and the Vengeance Funnel Cake, available at CJ's Provisions and Bayou Refreshments, adds soft-serve ice cream, hot fudge, chocolate syrup, caramel topping and whipped cream to the famous sweet dessert.
In Coasters Drive-In, the Hot Rod Burger speeds into the park with two patties, Applewood smoked bacon, barbecue sauce and beer cheese, and the new Birthday Cake Shake provides a cool treat at Toft's Ice Cream Parlor.
On the Main Midway, guests can select from a plethora of custom cotton candy flavors at Cotton Candy Creations. Choices include maple bacon, bubblegum, birthday cake, sour grape, Georgia peach, strawberry-banana and more.
At the front of the park, a completely renovated gift shop opens as Point Plaza. Guests looking for the perfect Cedar Point souvenir will find it here, whether that's a t-shirt, hat, sweatshirt, magnet or collectable. In FrontierTown, the General Store & Trading Post have also undergone makeovers and provide a wide variety of themed souvenirs.
The beachfront Hotel Breakers opens with a new six-story tower, located adjacent to the main hotel. Featuring a total of 669 guest rooms and suites, the classic hotel offers several guest amenities, including Early Entry – the chance to enter the park one hour before the general public to ride some of Cedar Point's biggest rides, popular dining options, discounted ticket packages and the closest rooms to Cedar Point's gates.
The Lighthouse Point resort property, located on the tip of the Cedar Point Peninsula, introduces 25 new Ultimate RV Sites that feature full hook-ups, a private patio area, dining table with chairs, built-in charcoal grill and fire pit, new restrooms and a new bathhouse. The Ultimate RV Sites will open in June.
The expanded boardwalk allows guests to take a leisurely stroll along the famous Cedar Point Beach as they make their way from the main parking lot to the tip of the peninsula. The boardwalk also connects to Cedar Point Shores Waterpark, making it even easier to enjoy everything Cedar Point has to offer.
Music comes alive on the midways with "The Traildust Trio," performing classic country in the Gazebo near Town Hall Museum; "The Tomfooleries" guitar duo entertains with comedy and music in the Palace Theatre and on FrontierTown's streets; "The Swell Tones" serenade guests with their classic 50's musical stylings on the Main Midway; the "Roving Beach Crew" wanders the midways, interacting with guests on their quest to find the Cedar Point Beach; and the "Summerdaze Band" takes the stage at Cedar Point Shores Waterpark.
The high-energy "Vertical Impact," located in Celebration Plaza, delivers fast-paced action with acrobats, bikers, dancers and wild stunts. "Lusty Lil's French Revue" comes to the Palace Theatre and "PEANUTS™ Block Party" comes together on the Main Midway as the perfect party for families.
Cedar Point shows are available at various times during the summer; schedules and times vary.
Cedar Point will open for the season May 5 & 6 with all rides and attractions scheduled to be open, including Millennium Force, Power Tower, Camp Snoopy, the Cedar Point & Lake Erie Railroad, maXair and more. The park is then closed Monday, May 7 through Friday, May 10 and reopens for daily operation on May 11.
The best way to experience all that Cedar Point has to offer is with a 2018 Platinum Pass. It includes unlimited admission to Cedar Point and Cedar Point Shores Waterpark, free parking, Early Entry to experience Steel Vengeance and some of the biggest rides at the park one hour before the general public, discounts on food and merchandise, bring-a-friend days, exclusive ride nights and more.
For a complete operating schedule, or to plan an overnight getaway to Cedar Point, guests can log on to cedarpoint.com.
Cedar Point is A Place Like No Other™ and is home to 71 rides, including 18 world-class roller coasters, the Cedar Point Shores Waterpark, a mile-long beach, marinas, hotels and more. Cedar Point has been named the "Best Amusement Park in the USA" in the USA TODAY 10Best Readers' Choice Awards. The park is owned and operated by Cedar Fair Entertainment Company (NYSE: FUN), a publicly traded partnership and one of the largest regional amusement-resort operators in the world. The Company owns and operates 11 amusement parks, two outdoor water parks, one indoor water park and four hotels. For more information, see cedarfair.com.
Is it strange that, out of all the additions and changes to the park (minus Steel Vengeance, of course), the thing that excites me most to check out is the revamped and expanded boardwalk?
No. I've been asking for a full-length boardwalk down the peninsula's east side for years.
No. Stage one of the boardwalk is great, and.I am looking forward to the extension. Even though we live reasonably close (Monroe, Mi.) We like to stay at The Breakers, and appreciate the effort being made to open up and use the beach and lakefront. A little "Lake Erie Love" sure beats looking at Disaster Transport.


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Latitude 7220 Rugged Extreme
From Dell
Latitude 5430 Rugged
Latitude 7230 Rugged Extreme Tablet
Fire Mobile Data
Apps every firefighter should have on their phone
We have more information available at our fingertips than ever before
Recently, our engine company was called to assist in removing handcuffs from a juvenile at a residential correctional facility. We had a somewhat extended response to the location, as it was on the edge of our jurisdiction. On the way, we realized that none of us on the engine had ever had to cut off a set of handcuffs before. So, those of us in the back and the riding officer quickly searched what we could find on our phones. This helped us at least have a starting point for a plan by the time we arrived, as well as an awareness of some of the tings to avoid.
This is just one of countless examples of times when we turn to our phone for a quick answer – for just about anything! We have more information available at our fingertips than ever before in history. Some of this information flows through apps designed specifically for the fire service.
We've rounded up some apps designed for first responders to help you stay in the know on the latest technology.
Wildfire Analyst Pocket
This app allows you to perform quick fire behavior predictions on common fuel types using standard weather inputs, and will plot the results on a map or aerial photo. This allows you to quickly predict fire size, flame length and other factors, and get a visual idea of fire size. This can assist with planning for evacuation or determining values at risk.
Learn more about Wildfire Analyst Pocket.
NREMT
The National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians (NREMT) app offers an electronic version of their NREMT certification and progress toward recertification. The app allows department training officers to quickly look up information about users in their organization and verify credentials.
Learn more about the NREMT app.
FiRST and HazMat Evac
The First Responder Support Tools (FiRST) and HazMat Evac app determines evacuation and shelter-in-place areas for a hazmat release or an improvised explosive device. You can search hazmat chemicals by name or UN number, and select for large or small spills, plus day or night options to correlate with what is found in the ERG. The IED feature – developed by the Department of Homeland Security – allows you to place an incident on a map, choose the IED type, and get a visual of the area to be immediately evacuated.
Learn more about the FiRST and HazMat Evac app.
SALT Triage
The SALT Triage app allows you to quickly triage patients using the SALT system: Sort, Assess, Lifesaving Interventions, Treat & Transport. Sort a patient by answering quick yes or no questions, and the app keeps track of how many patients were triaged in each category. In addition, the app allows you to mark that the patient was transported and updates the number of patients accordingly.
Learn more about the SALT Triage app.
ERG 2020
PHMSA (U.S. Department of Transportation Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration)'s 2020 Emergency Response Guidebook provides a go-to resource to help deal with hazmat accidents during the critical first 30 minutes. The ERG contains an indexed list of dangerous goods and the associated ID number, the general hazards they pose and recommended safety precautions. The latest version includes general revisions, reorganized general information pages, and the addition of protective distance mapping. The ERG is available free to public safety agencies in all states and territories through designated state coordinators' offices. PHMSA has partnered with the National Library of Medicine to provide this free application as well as a version of the ERG in its Wireless Information System for Emergency Responders (WISER) application.
Learn more about the ERG 2020 app.
The Wireless Information System for Emergency Responders (WISER) app is designed to assist with hazmat response. First responders in general, and hazmat units in particular, must make many decisions quickly in handling hazmat incidents. They need accurate information about the hazardous substances, the emergency resources available, and the surrounding environmental conditions to save lives and minimize the impact on the environment and physical property. The WISER app extracts content from TOXNET's Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB), a resource maintained by the National Library of Medicine, and places that information into the hands of those who need it most.
Learn more about the WISER app.
5-0 Radio Police Scanner
Tap into the largest collection of live police, firefighters, aircraft, railroad, marine, emergency, and ham radios. If your jurisdiction or agency doesn't have a live ability to receive radio traffic or CAD information on your phone, this app could potentially add situational awareness of what's happening in your response area.
Learn more about the 5-0 Radio Police Scanner app.
Bryx 911
The Bryx 911 app provides real-time intelligence to aid in incident response. Real-time 911 alerts are accompanied with information about location and scene intensity as well as navigation tools en route to the incident. Bryx 911 provides multiple ways to connect with other responders and their respective stations. It allows users to report response status, see when and where other responders have arrived, and listen to a department audio stream.
Learn more about the Bryx 911 app.
Arc GIS Online Apps from ESRI
ESRI's suite of apps can allow you to collect real-time data in the field, share maps among users in your organization, and navigate through your world. From documenting damage, correcting hydrant locations, mapping wildland fires, and accessing data from previously developed GIS data, this app family can help drive location derived data into the field. If your city or county already has an account with ESRI, and a GIS technician, they can likely set you up as a user, and allow you to access and contribute to their GIS database.
Learn more about ArcGIS Explorer, ArcGIS Collector and Arc Field Maps.
Drugs.com apps
The Drugs.com apps allow you to look up drug information, identify pills and keep track of personal medication records on a mobile device. The free Medication Guide app includes an online database of drugs with the ability to search, personalize information, and check how different drugs taken at the same time will interact. The database also comes with a phonetic search, the ability to ask questions about specific medications, and a pill identifier feature that identifies medications based on imprint, shape or color. Users can set up their personal medical information, and access the interactions, side effects, dosage, consumer information and FDA alerts.
Read more about the Drugs.com apps.
The Firefighter Pocketbook
The Firefighter Pocketbook is a training tool for firefighters, offering quizzes, flashcards and scene checkoffs. The material has been prepared and verified with 2011 NFPA and IFSTA textbooks, and there are more than 550 practice exam questions and 700 flashcards available. The app is divided into three sections – Study, Checkoffs and Library – for easy navigation.
Learn more about the Firefighter Pocketbook.
Fire Flow/Pump Pressure Calculator
This fire application calculates both estimated needed fire flow required to extinguish a structure fire as well as pump discharge pressures for various handlines and master streams in both standard and metric terms. The app is designed by drivers/operators to be used during emergency response or preplanning to apply calculations to help control the incident.
Learn more about the Fire Flow/Pump Pressure Calculator.
PulsePoint AED
PulsePoint AED is designed to build a growing registry of AEDs that can be used during cardiac emergencies. It's designed to complement PulsePoint Respond, an app that connects members of the public so bystanders can find people who are CPR-trained as well as a nearby AED. Once the location of an AED is entered into the PulsePoint AED app, it immediately becomes visible in the PulsePoint Respond app. All the information also is provided to the local emergency communication centers and displayed on dispatcher consoles during calls, so they can use the information to direct callers to the device.
Read more about the PulsePoint AED app.
Knots 3D
Through 3D graphics, this app can help you view and learn to tie over 160 knots. View and rotate the knots in 3D view, watch and animation, and even use your finger to "tie" the knots on screen. Knots are arranged by category and can be added to a favorites list for faster reference.
Learn more about Knots 3D.
ShiftLife Organizer
ShiftLife Organizes provides a clear and easy display of upcoming shifts, training days, holiday, on-call days and other important events. In addition to allowing you to plan your future work and play, ShiftLife makes it easy to maintain a record of your completed shifts, overtime hours, working locations, hourly pay, total pay, sick days and other details.
Learn more about ShiftLife Organizer.
Of course, the list wouldn't be complete without the FireRescue1 app – a one-stop resource to keep informed while on-duty or on the move. Stay up to date on breaking fire news, videos, expert columnist articles, firefighting tips and other relevant information.
Learn more about the FireRescue1 app.
This article, originally drafted by a FireRescue1 staff member in 2014, has been updated over the years, most recently by columnist Andrew Beck.
Andrew Beck has been a member of the program staff for the IAFC's Firefighter Near Miss Reporting System since 2015 as an instructor, reviewer and subject-matter expert. Beck started his fire service career in 2002 with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, working in wildland fire operations. He then worked in wildland fire for the U.S. Forest Service from 2003 to 2006, when he transitioned to structural fire with the Mandan City (ND) Fire Department. He is currently the training officer, managing department training programs and live-burn operations. Beck teaches thermal imaging at various regional fire schools and is a live-fire instructor for the state firefighter's association.
Communications and Interoperability
Product Originals
Is your team tech-ready for major events? (eBook)
How mobile technology can power a safer, more informed response (white paper)
Communications beyond the radio: 10 things you need to know
10 ways firefighters can support their own mental health
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More Fire Mobile Data Articles
How to buy protective hoods (eBook)
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How to buy apparatus (eBook)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


@ota_poul2 Thnx! Are you going to HSV in April?
Yes, I will be there, so I am looking forward to see you.
but how about solidedge ?
but it not give you the how it should be added??
Could you post a screenshot or something, we need more info?


Do you agree with Christian's opinion? Sound off in the comments.
Ronda says that people need to stay out of her "sax" life.
Shane Strickland's final match on the independent wrestling scene takes place this Saturday.
Here's your Fight Size wrestling Update for the morning of 4/1/19.
To get the million dollars, the finalist must defeat AJ Styles in a game of WWE 2K19.
Jim "The Anvil" Neidhart and Natalya had many conversations about him possibly going into the WWE Hall Of Fame.
Revolution Pro Wrestling was Live From The Cockpit and they'll soon be live from New York.
The Road To G1 Supercard has been traveled and all that is left is Madison Square Garden.
Wrestling fans present at the 'Giant Center' watched eight matches commence and conclude.
K.I.N.G. King is staying with Ring Of Honor for the foreseeable future.
Kassius Ohno has competed in EVOLVE, NXT and NXT U.K. within the last six months.
Juice Robinson is coming to New York City to take the fight to Bully Ray.
Becky Lynch Wants To Prove Dusty Rhodes Was Right About Her, Wishes Cody Luck With "***"
Becky Lynch shows her support for Cody as well.
Matt Riddle and Velveteen Dream trade barbs before their NXT North American Title match.
It was a struggle for Kenny Omega to keep his decision under wraps.
Dalton Castle is feeling much better than he did prior to his return.
Here's your Fight Size wrestling Update for the evening of 3/31/19.
According to Chris Jericho, he's in deep water with WWE.
WWE is loading up SmackDown's WrestleMania go-home show.
Daniel Bryan and Kofi Kingston will make their WWE Championship match official.
The full results from SHIMMER Volumes 109 and 110.
Ronda Rousey is now the longest reigning RAW Women's Champion.
Tenille Dashwood has chosen to hit the free agent market.
Don Callis has upped the score on Kenny Omega.
Here's your Fight Size wrestling Update for the morning of 3/31/19.


Charity Commission website gives further details.
Serviceable, clean, men's and women's clothes and underwear.
Shoes, boots and trainers, especially in larger men's sizes.
Sleeping bags and clean pillows.
We do not need duvets at the moment.
Please do get in touch here or on our Facebook page if you would like to donate any items.


Kelleher & Sadowsky Associates is pleased to announce we are listing 234 & 539 Southwest Cutoff in Worcester. These are abutting parcels (even though they aren't numbered together) of land that are improved with a 5,450+- square foot building that was the former Kasbar Restaurant/Bar. These two combined parcels of land are approximately 0.58+- acres with around 150' feet of frontage on heavily traveled Route 20. This property can be converted back into a bar/restaurant or a potential industrial redevelopment site.


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Список керівників держав 268 року — це перелік правителів країн світу 268 року.

Список керівників держав 267 року — 268 рік — Список керівників держав 269 року — Список керівників держав за роками

Європа
 Боспорська держава — цар Рескупорід V (240-276)
 Ірландія — верховний король Кайрбре Ліфехайр (267-284)
 Римська імперія
 імператор Галлієн (253-268); Клавдій II Готський (268-270)
 узурпатор Авреол (268)
 консул Патерн (268) ?
 консул Мариніан (268)
 Галльська імперія — Постум (260-269)

Азія
 Близький Схід
 Гассаніди — Амр I ібн Джафна (265-270)
 Диньяваді (династія Сур'я) — раджа Патипат (245-298)
 Іберійське царство — цар Аспагур I (265-284)
 Індія
 Царство Вакатаків — імператор Віндх'яшакті (250-270)
 Імперія Гуптів — магараджа Шрі-Гупта (240-280)
 Західні Кшатрапи — махакшатрап Рудрасена II (255-277)
 Кушанська імперія — Канішка III (265-267/268)
 Держава Чера — цар Перумкадунго (257-287)
 Китай
 Династія У — імператор Сунь Хао (264-280)
 Династія Цзінь — Сима Янь (266-290)
 шаньюй південних хунну Лю Цюйбей (260—272)
 Корея
 Кая (племінний союз) — ван Мапхум (259-291)
 Когурьо — тхеван (король) Чунчхон (248-270)
 Пекче — король Коі (234-286)
 Сілла — ісагим (король) Мічху (261-284)
 Паган — король Хті Мін Ін (242-299)
 Персія
 Бактрія і Гандхара — кушаншах Гормізд I (265-295)
 Держава Сасанідів — шахіншах Шапур I (241-272)
 Сипау (Онг Паун) — Со Вай Па (257-309)
 плем'я табгачів — вождь Тоба Лівей (219-277)
 Ліньї — Фам Хунг (220—284)
 Японія — імператриця Дзінґу (201-269)
 Пальмірське царство — Вабаллат і Зенобія (267-272)

Африка
 Царство Куш — цар Тамелердеамані (266-286)
 Африка — Секст Кокцей Аніцій Фауст Паулін (між 265 й 268)
Керівники держав за роками
260-ті

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Home » News » "The Call": Why Banks Push Bitcoiners to Reveal Their Money Habits
"The Call": Why Banks Push Bitcoiners to Reveal Their Money Habits
by Francisco Memoria
A video every bitcoiner should watch is Andreas Antonopoulos' "Money as a System of Control." In it, he shows us how money is being used to control those who send and receive it and to surveil transactions all over the globe.
Plus, he exposes how big of a fraud the banking system really is. Not only can banks simply freeze or confiscate our money without our consent, and without us being able to do anything about it, they also own our money and merely give us access to it – what a bad deal.
As Antonopoulos puts it, we don't have money in the bank, we have an account. An account that, perhaps, gives us access to the money there is in there, that we deposited while tricked by the false promise of it being safe. His brilliant example of the Greek government-debt crisis makes it clear: every Greek citizen had their money in the bank, and it was insured, but in one afternoon the promise was broken, and the money was inaccessible.
The video also explains "the call." The call is the pushy phone call in which banks, acting as if they were jealous lovers, ask bitcoiners about specific bitcoin-related transactions. These calls have been occurring for years, and while some are solved once bitcoiners justify where they got the money from, or what they was doing with their bitcoins, others are merely a manager's quest for knowledge.
As one bitcoiner who got the call puts it on Reddit, usually big banks give people problems with bitcoin, while local banks are much happier with their customers and provide a better service to bitcoiners.
Recently, a redditor shared with r/Bitcoin the call he got from his bank. The redditor, EliToohey, explains that he's had a banking relationship with PNC Bank for 15 years and that he now got a call asking him to confirm a couple of transactions.
According to the redditor, here's how the conversation went:
"For what purpose are you buying Bitcoin" (he saw Coinbase and Xapo transactions). I told him I wouldn't answer, he then asked "What are you going to do with the Bitcoin", I again told him I wouldn't answer. He then informed me that his security team told him they would "exit the relationship with me" if they didn't get satisfactory answers. I relented and told him "for investment purposes" hoping to avoid needing to switch banks."
The redditor's answer could satisfy the bank, but the caller informed him that PNC Bank wants "nothing to do with bitcoin." One would first think that the bank wants nothing to do with bitcoin because of its largely unregulated market, and as another redditor puts it, the bank does have to ask about certain amounts of money, as its required by law.
However, the banker made it clear at the end that PNC Bank wants "nothing to do with bitcoin" and, as such, clarified that it wasn't about the transaction or its volume, but about it being related to bitcoin.
Your writer here also called his bank to know how it would react to bitcoin-related transactions. The employee that picked up the phone was defensive, but made it clear that it would block such transactions, and could even cancel my account.
"The Call" Shows Banks Are Losing Control
As Andreas Antonopoulos put it, banks are now losing control over the system they created. People no longer believe in the fictional security banks provide, or that they actually own their money once they open an account.
An entire generation of people are now exiting the financial system and turning to cryptocurrencies, a much better system that regulators can't get to. They can try to control it, by forcing exchanges to do what they want to, and by trying to keep people away from cryptocurrencies, but they can't control cryptocurrencies like bitcoin.
Here's Andreas Antonopoulos on "the call":
Think about it: "the call" is your bank inadvertently telling you that it can no longer control you, that you are partly outside of its system and are now a liability, therefore it prefers to give you back your money. "The call" is the bank inadvertedly pointing out bitcoin is winning.
Tags: Andreas AntonopolousbanksBitcoin
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Francisco Memoria
Francisco is a cryptocurrency writer who's in love with technology and focuses on helping people see the value digital currencies have. Twitter: https://twitter.com/FranciscoMemor
Aptoide Aims to Revolutionize App Store with AppCoins
An Innovative Way to Store Data and Deploy Smart Contracts


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F- 35 JSF and Military Transformation:
American Militarism during the Post-Cold War Era
Military Strategy,Security/US-Canada
KeeHyun Ahn / Visiting Research Fellow, Shin Beomchul / Center for Security and Unification
[Asan Report] F-35 JSF and Military Transformation_web.pdf
All armed forces are maintained in two ways –in both the military way and the militaristic way. In this sense, every nation which has its own military has specific features of militarism, regardless of how dominant these features are over other parts of the society. The U.S. has its own type of militarism in its military and society. In the United States, there is a public belief that the US military should be number one in the world. This American public belief takes various shapes of military imperatives which connect every part of society with military. Furthermore, the imperatives lead the parts of society to cooperate and support the realization of themselves.
Part I of this report shows that military transformation in the post-Cold War era is an example that well captures how American militarism has been embedded in American society. During this period, public opinion showed a positive and significant correlation with defense spending. Within the US military, American Militarism has led the Department of Defense and military services to the endless preparation for a future adversary in the situation of strategic uncertainty after the Cold War era. Defense related industries have strongly supported the military's effort to be Number One in military affairs. In the political arena, the congressional committees that are responsible for national defense seem inclined to be conservative in the matter of ideology – more conservative than the median in the House of Representatives.
Part II of this report explores how American Militarism has influenced on the decisions of each legislator in the roll call votes on amendments regarding defense authorizations and appropriations bills. The result reveals that authorization process 1) is quite different from appropriation process; 2) is more policy oriented and less budget related than appropriation process; 3) is more predictable than appropriation process. Furthermore, the result shows that the amount of PAC contributions to each legislator is a significant factor to determine legislators' choices in roll call votes in authorization process even though ideological aspect of individual legislator's ideology is still influential in decision making of each legislator.
1. Defense Policy as a Policy Domain
2. Military Transformation and American Militarism
3. Congressional Budgetary Process and Defense Acquisition
Part I. Military Transformation After the Cold War
Chapter 2. Military Transformation and Militarism
1. RMA, Military Transformation, Military Reform?
2. Theories of Military Transformation
3. Militarism in the United States
4. Social and Political Context of the Military Transformation
Chapter 3. The US Military
1. The Base Force Plan
2. The Bottom-Up Review
3. The Reports of Quadrennial Defense Review 1997
Chapter 4. Congress and Public
1. Committees' Responses to Military Transformation
2. House Armed Services Committee Composition
3. Public Opinion and Defense Budget
Chapter 5. Defense Industries
1. Military Transformation and Industrial Base
2. F-35 JSF: A Representative of Military Transformation
Part II. Congressional Decision Making Process
Chapter 6: Congressional Decision Making Process
1. Defense Policy as a Federal Policy
2. Congress as a Political Institution
A. The Process in which a Bill Takes in House
B. Partisanship (Party politics)
C. Ideological Position of Individual Legislator
D. Armed Services Committee and Economic Benefits
3. Federal Budget Process
A. Authorization Process and Appropriation Process
B. Categories in Defense Budget
C. Annual Budget Process
4. Factors and Hypothesis
Chapter 7: Method and Data
1. Unit of Analysis and Estimation Model
2. Dependent Variable
3. Independent Variables
Chapter 8: Analysis
1. Estimation of Models
2. Party Status
3. Ideology
4. Military Contracts to Congressional Districts
5. PAC Contribution
Chapter 9: Conclusion
The views expressed herein are solely those of the authors and do not reflect those of the Asan Institute for Policy Studies.
KeeHyun Ahn
Visiting Research Fellow
Dr. Ahn KeeHyun(Ken Ahn) is an officer in uniform of the Republic of Korea Army with the rank of LTC and currently working at the office of Policy, ROK Army HQ. He earned his Ph.D. degree in Political Sciences at the University of Kansas. His dissertation is concentrating on the decision making process in the US Congress regarding American Defense Policy. His fields of research are American Politics, International Relations, Military History, and Statistical Analysis.
Shin Beomchul
Center for Security and Unification
Dr. SHIN Beomchul is a Senior Fellow at the Asan Institute for Policy Studies. Until March 2018, he served at the Korea National Diplomatic Academy as tenured professor. He also served for the ROK Ministry of Foreign Affairs as the Director-General for Policy Planning from 2013 to 2016. Before he joined the Ministry, he was the Head of the North Korean Military Studies Research Division at the Korea Institute for Defense Analyses. Prior to that, he worked very closely with the Minister of National Defense of Korea as the Senior Policy Advisor in 2009 and 2010. He also has served in many advisory positions both at the National Security Council at the Office of the President and the National Assembly Foreign Affairs and Unification Committee. Dr. Shin is the author of several books on law and security, including North Korean Military: A Secret Report(2013) and International Law and the Use of Force (2008). He also has been publishing many other articles on Korea-U.S. alliance, Inter-Korea Relations, and Northeast Asian politics and security. Dr. Shin received his B.A. in Chungnam National University and did his graduate studies at Seoul National University, School of Law. He received his J.S.D.(Doctor of Judicial Science) from Georgetown University Law Center in 2007.
American MilitarismAsan ReportF- 35 JSFMilitary TransformationPost-Cold War Era
China North Korea Asan Roundtable Asan Plenum 2019 Asan Korea Perspective regional security Past Events Asan Plenum Regional Issue Nuclear


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Home / A & E / At one theater, 'Team America' replaces 'The Interview'
At one theater, 'Team America' replaces 'The Interview'
Posted on Thursday, December 18, 2014 by CNN in A & E, Features
After Sony canceled the release of its comedy "The Interview," one Texas theater plans to screen "Team America: World Police" instead.
The Alamo Drafthouse Cinema in Dallas/Fort Worth has announced that it will offer one free screening of the 2004 comedy instead of "The Interview" on December 27.
Sony announced Wednesday that it was canceling its Christmas Day premiere of "The Interview" after a threat warning moviegoers to avoid theaters where the film would be playing. The comedy, which stars James Franco and Seth Rogen, has sparked controversy because it includes a storyline about a plot to assassinate North Korean dictator Kim Jong Un.
The Alamo Drafthouse had planned to screen "The Interview," but "unfortunately these decisions aren't always ours to make," the theater said in a Facebook post.
The movie that the Alamo Drafthouse will screen instead also happens to be a comedy that involves North Korea. "Team America: World Police," which was written by "South Park's" Trey Parker and Matt Stone, includes a plot that centers on Kim Jong Un's father, the late Kim Jong Il.
James Wallace, creative manager and programmer at the Alamo Drafthouse in Dallas/Fort Worth, explained to The Hollywood Reporter that the theater's "just trying to make the best of an unfortunate situation."
The movie theater's screening of "Team America" will also be free of charge "because you can't spell 'FREEDOM' without 'FREE,'" the theater joked on Facebook.
As of now, it looks like "The Interview" is completely shelved. Despite speculation the comedy might be released digitally, studio Sony Pictures said in a statement that it "has no further release plans for the film."
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Calusa Island
Inaugural Preserve
The Calusa Island Preserve consists of the western half and parts of the eastern portion of this island. Calusa Island is located immediately east of Shell Cut and north of Jug Creek, just off the northeastern tip of Pine Island.
Calusa Island is about 60 acres in size, the majority being comprised of black and red mangroves. There are uplands at the west end near Shell Cut and on 6 acres of shell middens toward the eastern end. Two private residences stand on the midden.
Calusa Island's earlier occupants were indigenous people. Samples taken from the eroding north face of the Calusa Island midden date to the Late Archaic (LA) period (1200 BC to 500 BC). The Randell Research Center reported in 2016: "The LA people are greatly under-represented in history in large part because relatively few coastal LA archaeological sites are known to exist in this area. Because Calusa Island serves as a record of Southwest Florida's LA people and their environment, it is a precious, rare 'book' in an already small library on the history of the Calusa people and their predecessors."
The western half of Calusa Island was the first land owned by the Calusa Land Trust; it was donated in 1982 by Fred Johnson, Diane Johnson, Bill Spikowski, and Alison Ackerman. Fred Johnson later donated a large portion of the Calusa midden; and friends of Peter Ordway purchased the eastern end of the midden for the Land Trust in Peter's honor. Fred Johnson still owns a portion of Calusa Island, as do Bill Spikowski, Alison Ackerman, Ed Chapin, and Gloria Andrews.
Fred, Diane, Bill, and Alison were the original founders of the land trust in 1976, when it was called the Calusa Land Trust and Nature Preserve Association. The current name was adopted in 1989 when the association was expanded to cover all of Pine Island and the surrounding islands. Bill, Alison, and Ed continued as directors and officers of the 'new' Calusa Land Trust for many decades.
Visitors to Calusa Island are welcome, but please remember to respect the privacy of the residents and the fact that this is an intact archaeological site. Please treat the island kindly & with respect -- take only pictures and leave only footprints. Enjoy.
Dean Preserve
GPS Lat 26.7023/Lon -82.1494
This preserve covers the eastern tip of Bocilla Island in downtown Bokeelia. Ed and Deanna Dean created the preserve by donating a conservation easement to the Calusa Land Trust. The easement prohibits development of the property and ensures that the scenic mangrove backdrop to downtown Bokeelia will be preserved in perpetuity.
Kreie Island Preserve
Kreie Island, separated from the mainland portion of the preserve by the narrow mangrove canopied Post Office Cut, contains a remarkable and rare three acre tropical hardwood hammock in the middle of a mangrove forest that is home to a large diversity of plant life. The property was purchased by means of a bargain sale thanks to the generosity of Rosalie and Herbert Kreie, long time former residents of Pine Island. The 67-acre parcel also includes another smaller upland ridge. There is a primitive trail leading to the tropical hammock from the cut between Little Bocilla Island and the Kreie property. There is a nature trail around the perimeter of the island. The CLT land steward volunteers are in the process of clearing the exotic vegetation from both upland sites. Guided tours are available
Bud House Preserve
(aka Calusa Canal Preserve)
The Preserve was named for longtime CLT member Bud House who was instrumental in the purchase of the property. The Pine Island Canal is known the world over as one of the few aboriginal transportation canals. The Canal, located in Southwest Florida, extended from northwest Pine Island, at the archaeological site known as Pineland, eastward across Pine Island, across Indian Field Island, to meet up with Matlacha Pass. While the existence of the canal was widely known, its exact route and method of construction had never been documented.
Frank Hamilton Cushing, a noted anthropologist, stopped at Pineland, then known as Batty's Landing, in 1895 and 1896 on his way to his explorations at Key Marco. He described the canal as extending to the east from the "water court" and was about thirty feet wide and about five feet deep.
In July 1995, George Luer and Ryan Wheeler enlisted the aid of various volunteers to assist in the solution of the undocumented past, and to explore it's preservation. They started at the eastern end of the canal where there is evidence that a dwelling had been constructed directly over the canal. While there was evidence of the canal through the salt flats to the east, it's lack of access eliminated this site from consideration as a publicly owned site.
They then proceeded to a site on Meadow Lane, off of Harbor Drive, where it was ascertained that there were six parcels that contained evidence of the canal in a west to east direction. These parcels, all at least one acre in size, were individually owned. It was decided to nominate these parcels to the Calusa Land Trust and Nature Preserve of Pine Island, Inc. (CLT) for purchasing and preserving. At a subsequent meeting the CLT voted to purchase one or more of these parcels as they became available.
In the meantime, George and Ryan continued to investigate the construction of the canal. In an article in the September, 1997 issue of the Florida Anthropologist, Vol. 50 No. 3, they concluded that the canal was not a simple or casually-dug "ditch". They determined that careful planning and intensive effort went into its construction and maintenance. They indicated that the engineering had taken into account minute changes in the topography and that the builders had used ground water, along with the summer rains, to provided water for the canal. They also determined that the canal had been made up of segments of a constant elevation. Other considerations are included in the article.
Since the purchase of the second canal parcel attempts have been ongoing to find another parcel to purchase at "market value". The CLT will continue its efforts to find another parcel to further preserve the remnants of this remarkable canal.
Big Jim Creek Preserve
The Big Jim Creek Preserve is the primary conservation area for the northern end of Pine Island. Together with land owned by Lee County and the Florida Department of Environmental Protection, the Big Jim Creek Preserve protects most (but not all) of the northwest tip of Pine Island. Big Jim Creek was the first major land acquisition of the Trust following its reorganization and expansion in 1990. The 325-acre preserve is largely mangrove forest habitat with some central tidal salt flats. The preserve is interspersed with some thirty acres of creeks and bays, providing over five miles of canoeable shoreline. The preserve is a haven for colonial birds such as ibis, egret, roseate spoonbill and heron, and is a rich nursery for all manor of marine life from microscopic phytoplankton to porpoise. Access to the Big Jim Creek area is provided through Fritts Park, which was opened in late 1995. Fritts Park is two and one-half acres of scenic uplands (a former mango grove) which serve not only as a park but also a canoe launch from which one can explore the Preserve. The Park is located adjacent to the south edge of the Pink Citrus Mobile Home Park in Bokeelia. Turn west from Stringfellow Road onto Beach Daisy Lane to proceed directly into the Park.
The Fritts Park Canoe Trail from Fritts Park to Big Jim Creek has been mapped and marked by Calusa Land Trust volunteers. Organized canoe trips are scheduled frequently—check The Pine Island Eagle for announcements, or you can go on your own. Take a copy of our canoe trail map with you.
The Park is dedicated to the memory of Walbridge Otto (Bill) Fritts, who was an active environmental journalist in Southwest Florida for more than twenty years. He and his widow, Peg Fritts, owned the historic cracker home as well as the Pine Breeze Native Plant Nursery adjacent to the Park for 40 years. The Park is an excellent picnic and community meeting area. It has hosted music festivals, community celebrations, and numerous campfire discussions by the Calusa Land Trust and other groups. Future plans include more landscaping and a possible outdoor pavilion to support youth and other group activities.
Wigert-Barron Preserve
This 32-acre preserve lies between Barrancas Ave and Jug Creek in Bokeelia. It hosts 3 types of habitat: Coastal Scrub, Pine Flatwoods, and Mangrove Forrest. A large colony of gopher tortoises make their home here as well as many birds and animals. The east side is separated from the west side by Rubye's Pond and canal. This area is a popular spot for waterfowl, otters and a gator. Two benches provide seating overlooking the pond while other benches are located along the loop trail. No dogs allowed.
Taylor-Willow Lake Preserve
This 37-acre preserve consist of Willow Lake which is a seasonal fresh water lake with a very large outcrop of willow trees, plus extensive live oaks heavy with bromeliads. It consists of a large palmetto prairie running west into the salt flats and mangrove forest. It has nine different documented types of habitats in the preserve and has the potential of becoming a scrub jay habitat. CLT is working on developing hiking trails through the property with a gated entrance and a pedestrian pass thru off of Alcorn St in Bokeelia.
Ed Chapin Preserve/Kell Kellermann Vista
This preserve butts up against the Smokehouse Bay Preserve and is accessed at the east end of Royal Oakley Lane in Bokeelia. The preserve was named after longtime CLT Board member and Chief Land Steward Ed Chapin, and the Vista is named for longtime CLT member Clarence "Kell" Kellermann who donated the 1-acre parcel on the west side of the preserve. A kayak launch and trail lead from the preserve into Little Smokehouse and Smokehouse Bay.
Central Pine Island Preserves
Baxley Preserve
In 1998, Joe and Judy Baxley donated this property, which totals some 5.4 acres, to the Calusa Land Trust for conservation. It is located at the end of Redwood off Woodstock on the southeast side of Pine Island near Pine Island Creek and includes three-quarters of an acre in pine flatwoods, a transition zone, and mangroves. It was appraised at $30,000 but its value to the environment is much more than that sum would indicate. Joe Baxley is a retired fifth grade teacher who taught at Pine Island Elementary and would lead his class on an annual (and extremely popular) tour of Calusa Land Trust and other conservation areas on Pine Island.
McCardle Island Preserve
McCardle Island is a beautiful 51-acre mangrove island in Matlacha Pass south of the bridge. The Kim Evans Family donated the island to the Trust in 1991. Shortly thereafter, The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Commission claimed ownership under a theory that harks back to the days of Florida as a territory (the U.S. Government claims McCardle Island was not properly transferred when the State of Florida was created). The Government has not acted on its claim, and Lee County land records continue to show the Trust as the owner. Because of the adverse claim, the Trust collected on the title insurance and used the funds on other preservation purchases. So—while, title to the property is in dispute, the bottom line is that McCardle Island has nonetheless been preserved and the Trust and all Pine Islanders continue to enjoy the benefits of the Evans Family donation
Dobbs Preserve
The Dobbs preserve consists of 70 acres purchased from Herbert and Edna Dobbs by the Calusa Land Trust in 1999 and an adjacent 20 acres in conservation easements held by Lee County. The preserve lies between the Tropical Homesites development and Matlacha Pass. The Calusa Land Trust has cleared the small upland portion of invasive Australian pine and Melaleuca. There is more exotic vegetation removal that needs to be done in the transition zone between the privately owned upland border and the mangroves that make up the bulk of the preserve.
Pine Island Flatwoods Preserve
This preserve consists of 92 acres of really great hiking trails (old logging roads) through all native pine flatwoods with slash pine, eastern longleaf, palmetto, and lots gopher tortoises and wildflowers. The preserve was established in 2002 by the Lee County Conservation 20/20 Program with assistance from the Calusa Land Trust, and will be jointly managed.
Underhill Creek Preserve
Our only preserve in Cape Coral, the Underhill Creek preserve is on the east side of Matlacha Pass, just south of where the power lines cross from the Cape Coral mainland over to Master's Landing on Pine Island. The 80 acre parcel of mangroves bordering on Matlacha Pass was the only remaining unprotected parcel on the south west tip of the Cape Coral mainland that was not a part of the State Buffer Preserve. The scenic Underhill Creek provides a way to make a very interesting canoe or kayak trip.
Southern Pine Island
St. James Creek Preserve
The St James Creek Preserve is the primary conservation area for the southern end of Pine Island. It constitutes the entire mangrove fringe from the St James City Post Office to the Eighth Avenue Canal, as well as a large tract of prime Southern Florida flatwoods. The Preserve provides a perfect habitat for an incredible variety of Pine Island wildlife. It also plays an important if not critical role in the pristine air we enjoy on Pine Island and serves as a filter between development and the waters of Matlacha Pass and San Carlos Bay. The St. James Creek Preserve includes the 50 acres donated by and the 320 acres purchased from The St. Jude Harbor Corporation, the 55-acre Castille Corridor. With the 118-acre Eagle Preserve (owned by Lee County), a total of 543 acres of environmentally sensitive property that will be preserved forever
St. Jude Nature Trail
The jewel of the St. James Creek Preserve is The St. Jude Nature Trail. Enter the approximate one-mile round trip trail at the marked mailbox on Stabile Road (off Laratonda) and see Southern Florida as it once was. The trail begins in flatlands and passes through a mangrove forest. All vegetation on the trail, which is still being restored, is native to this area. Interestingly, the trail is built on an old roadbed constructed several decades ago by the St. Jude Harbor Corporation as part of an intended "St. Jude Parkway." The "Parkway" was to be a boulevard lined with shopping centers and restaurants leading to a skybridge connecting Pine Island to Punta Rassa at the north end of the Sanibel Causeway. Fortunately, the permits were withdrawn before further damage to the mangroves occurred
Eagle Preserve
The Eagle Preserve is owned by Lee County but forms a part of the St. James Creek Preserve and is managed by both the County and The Calusa Land Trust. The Calusa Land Trust was instrumental in securing state funds for the purchase of the property. Rich Larkin, a Pine Island real estate broker and past Calusa Land Trust president negotiated the complicated purchase and donated his commission to the Trust. The 118-acre preserve is located between the St. James City Post Office and Castile Road and consists mainly of flatlands with cabbage palms, slash pines, and saw palmetto. The Preserve is home during the winter to a pair of nesting bald eagles, who in early 1998 were noted feeding an unknown number of eaglets. A fence around the preserve protects the eagles, which can be seen soaring over the southern end of Pine Island most winter days. Lee County is developing a nature trail in the preserve.
Galt Nature Preserve
This is one of our most recently established preserves. The southern portion of 56 acres was purchased by Lee County in September 2002 with $145,000 in funds provided by the Lee County Conservation 20/20 Program and $55,000 in funds provided by the Calusa Land Trust ($32,550 of which was reimbursed by the residents of the Galt Island area). The northern 110 acres was purchased earlier in 2002 for $480,000, of which the Trust provided $10,000. The preserve will be managed jointly by Lee County and the Trust. The preserve has hiking trails, which venture through a mix of pine flatwoods, mangroves, saltwater access, and a brackish lake.
The 186 acre Back Bay preserve is located at the southeast corner of Pine Island between the Eighth Avenue Canal and San Carlos Bay, just west of a section of the Florida State Buffer Preserve. The 1996 purchase required use of the emergency fund of the Land Trust. A successful fund drive conducted by the master fundraiser, Norm Gowan, which culminated in a party and boat tour through the property, enabled the Emergency Fund to be quickly replenished in short order. The area is mostly mangrove with beautiful bays and creeks that provide excellent opportunities for canoeing and kayaking.
York Island
In January 1998, the Calusa Land Trust, together with the Sanibel-Captiva Conservation Foundation, happily announced that they had jointly obtained an option to purchase and preserve York Island. The uninhabited but environmentally sensitive 200 acre island on the southwest side of St. James City had been threatened with development and was listed for $400,000. The purchase price was $225,000 with the Calusa Land Trust promising to provide ten percent. A special fundraising effort was launched to raise the necessary funds. The island is mostly mangroves, containing some of the largest black mangroves in the area. It also has a tropical hammock of gumbo-limbo, sea grape, and Jamaican dogwood on a sand and shell ridge on the south side. It is home to countless wading birds and other wildlife and an important fish nursery. The island has been referred to as "one of the rarest and most endangered habitats in Southwest Florida." This purchase constitutes a very important milestone in Pine Island conservation and is the result of years of work by the two organizations. Former President and Board member Rick Moore of St. James City led the effort for the Calusa Land Trust.
Long Cut Preserve
This preserve consists of 243 acres of sparse mangrove islands which constitute the western side of St James City, The Calusa Land Trust and the Sanibel-Captiva Conservation Foundation jointly purchased the property in September 2000, each party contributing $65,000. The property is interlaced with magnificent paddling trails under the mangrove canopy.
Merwin Key Preserve
A 48-acre mangrove and upland island preserve off the southeast coast of St James City. The northern 40 acres has long been a part of the Matlacha Pass National Wildlife Refuge (NWR), which is administered by the "Ding" Darling NWR. The southern 8 acres, however, was seriously threatened with development until purchased by the Calusa Land Trust in November 2000. The island now forms a chain of some 18 preserved environmentally sensitive islands in Matlacha Pass, most of which are part of the Matlacha Pass NWR.


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June 25, 2019 at 4:29 pm EDT | by Mariah Cooper
Brandon Flynn responds to rumors he's dating Richard Madden
Brandon Flynn. (Screenshot via YouTube.)
"13 Reasons Why" star Brandon Flynn got candid about what it's like for LGBTQ celebrities to have their dating lives analyzed in a new interview with Variety.
Flynn, 25, came out as part of the LGBTQ community in 2017. He recently moved in with "Game of Thrones" and "Rocketman" star Richard Madden. The pair have been spotted together around Los Angeles causing rumors to swirl that they could be dating.
"It's all just something to egg on some sort of rumor cycle that will just keep going around until you finally get something that will actually just make it all true or false," Flynn told Variety. "So, it's hard not to feel scandalized. It feels like a slight. But no one wants to write that article or read that article that would be like, 'Oh! Brandon is with this person and we are so happy for them.'"
He also believes there would be less speculation about his relationship with Madden if he was a woman.
"There's always something behind it and there's always some sort of scandal that wants to be revealed, and that's frustrating. And in fact, it wouldn't be there if I was with a woman," Flynn says.
Flynn previously dated singer Sam Smith for nine months.
Brandon FlynnRichard Madden
Mariah Cooper


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Jake helped scrape Hubz's windows.
Cole is hopeful that we'll get enough snow to finally use the snowball-maker.
Tate is still scootering around–just all bundled up and in boots. I say it's some good OT.
You know it's been a snow drought when your 3 year old is excited about the driveway being slightly covered.
It just looks cold. Brrr! Time for another cup of coffee!!!
The weather around here has been all over the place lately. On Friday and Saturday it was warm enough that I could allow my children to go outside with only one of the layers of their 2-layer coats, and a hat. They really didn't even need their mittens or gloves. No boots. No snowpants. High 40-degree weather in January is a god-send, and we enjoyed it.
I made the boys go outside and play on Saturday. I know, I'm the meanest mom EVER! Well, according to Jake, anyway. Tate and Cole were all over running around, playing tag, and swinging on the swingset. They took in all of the glory that is playing outdoors.
I knew I could allow them to go outside and frolic because come Sunday, the weather was going to turn. Turn frigid. Turn into the weather that is notorious around these parts. So we played and ran around.
When the boys woke us up on Sunday morning, at 4 am, Tate was already whining and scripting. He had dark half circles under his eyes, and his ears were bright red. He was pale and looked restless. Hubz took them downstairs and I tried to sleep a bit longer. Cole had jumped into bed with me, so I had sharp little toes in my back and spleen…but we managed to stay in bed until close to 7.
Tate wore his pajamas all day. He didn't want to leave the house. He didn't want to eat much, either. Later in the day, after a snack of Starburst, Tate felt ill and threw up. Once. But he was all out of sorts. By the time I got back from a baby shower that I had attended, he was in full-blown whine mode. He was seeking input from his brothers, the couch, the floor, from me, from Hubz. He wanted to walk on the treadmill, too. It was rough.
Yesterday our temperatures hovered around 8 degrees Fahrenheit. Brr! It was frigid. It was windy. Sunny, thankfully, but cold. I was able to talk Tate into wearing clothes, but he just wanted to lay on the couch. He was zonked. He had woken up at 3 am. He dozed off for a bit after that, but was up by 5:30 a.m. for good. He was a zombie. I was, too.
Because he was so dysregulated from the weather and lack of sleep, he did a circuit of OT in our house. He did the treadmill at a 2.5 incline and 3.5 speed for about 10 minutes. Then he rode our exercise bike. Once he tired of that, he moved to our trampoline. That lasted for a mere minute and he sat on the exercise ball. Eventually he vacuumed for about 15 minutes…scripting the entire time. I would try to engage him, but he would simply return to his scripts. It made me sad…and frustrated…and worried.
I know I felt awful and worn down. I just wanted to sleep. Tate would have none of it. Thankfully, Hubz was home yesterday due to MLK Jr. Day. I could get a nap in before going to teach my religious ed class. Tate was up the entire 1 3/4 hours that I slept. He was up the entire time we were away. And he whined the whole time. I could see how frayed Hubz's nerves were when we got back. Luckily, Tate was ok through dinner.
Hubz took the boys upstairs to shower and bathe. Usually, a good soak in the tub is soothing and relaxes Tate. Not last night. His anxiety was high. He was in a state of total dysregulation. He whined for the next half hour. And then, we put him to bed. After a brief fight, he did succumb to sleep…and slept until about 5 am, which is a decent sleep, considering we put him to bed at 7:15.
The next few days are going to be bone-chilling cold…but it will gradually warm up. By next Monday we're supposed to be near 40 degrees again. These big swings in temperatures drive anyone crazy, but most especially my child with sensory processing disorder. He just can't keep up.
Now, I'm off to bundle up from my head to my toes so I can go get Tate from school…I need about 15 minutes to just get myself bundled up…let alone anyone else!!!
This is my car. This is my car covered with about an inch of snow. This is my car covered in about an inch of snow while I've sat in the therapy office waiting for Tate. We have another hour left. The admin here had the news radio station blaring, and I heard that a commute which should take about 40 minutes is taking 2 hours and 40 minutes… Ah, what I do for my kid….
Snow, in and of itself, doesn't bother me. It is pretty when it comes down and lies freshly fallen. It is a unique quiet as it blankets the earth. What I don't like about snow is the condition of the roads, the driving in it, and the morons who think that they are allowed to drive fast and crazy because they have 4-wheel-drive.
I would much rather be at home, snuggled in a blanket and a cup of Hot Chai in my hand. But, no. Tate came to therapy today. One, it keeps him in his routine, for which we pay greatly for breaking. Two, he does so much better when he has consistency. Three, he has had a rough week, and he needs it.
Winter. It's for the birds…or, well, penguins, really. Or the walruses. Or the polar bears. Or the narwhals. Definitely not for me.


Envez is playing punk of the world, an energetic style inspired by melodies and rhythms from different traditional genres. The band was created in 2011 by Pablo, guitarist, and Floris, singer and bassist. Later on, the formation welcomed the percussionist Gorka, and another singer named Pilar as new members. Envez's music style includes punk, rock, blues, techno, and Latin influences, from the most intimate to the most intense. Participant of the Syli d'Or's latest edition, Envez is back this year more vibrant than ever!


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text:
Historical Romantic Suspense Author
L. J. Dare
Complementary Read of Ch. 1
First Chapter Book Reads
You will be able to find my books in both printed and in E-book formats on Amazon, Barnesandnoble & Smashwords.
The King's Blade
ISBN: 97819365562299
After surviving a massacre, Lady Megan MacKelloch intends on seeking sanctuary for herself and her two young sisters with the Poor Claires by joining the order. That is until Lord John Lindsay, known as the King's Blade, is sent to find her. As the King's executioner, Lindsay carries out the Crown's justice as he deals with the investigations for murder, betrayal and intrigue on a daily basis. Life has taught both John and Megan not to believe in either trust or love. So when faced with a Royal Marriage Decree, can they put aside their differences and learn to trust their hearts?
The King's Blade is the first book in the series 'The King's Men' & takes place in 1400, Scotland.
Available at Barnesandnoble
Buy at smashwords.com
The King's Spy
ISBN: 2940162691556
Working undercover for the monarchy as the King's Spy, Baron Donovan Forbes investigates rumors of possible abductions, espionage and treasonous plots. That is until he encounters the unpredictable Lady Eileen Fraser. Eileen will do anything to escape her older sister's scandalous reputation. Even if it entails stealing a horse, donning a disguise, organising a rescue, or spying on Forbes' clandestine activities. So, when forced into marriage by Royal Decree, will Novan and Eileen discover that while love at first sight is blind? But will it conquer all?
Book 2 of the series "The King's Men". Takes place in 1401, Scotland
Buy at smashwords
All the King's Ladies
ASIN  :  B09D8PV2V6
Betrothed at birth, all Lady Kira Stewart wants is to convince everyone that she is the worse choice to marry their future king, the Duke of Rothesay. But after initiating a plan to negate the marriage contract, she learns Rothesay has vanished.
All Lord Ian Lindsay wants is to successfully manage the Crown's elite security force while his boss is away searching for their future king. But when those searching also disappear, the queen orders Ian and Kira to find the missing men. Pursued by deception, lies and disasters, can Ian and Kira vanquish their foes and discover through adversity, love does conquer all?
Kindle on Amazon
A Bride For The King
Accompanying her twin sister who is to marry the Barovian King, Lady Belle Bradford agrees to switch places with her sister until after her twin has met her future husband. But when rebels surrounded the village, Belle is whisked away to safety by the King's military commander.
Prince Nikolai Orsini, heir apparent and Supreme Commander of Barovian Forces recognizes his only duty is to get his future queen safely to the church on time. What he hadn't counted on was falling in love with her. Deceived, betrayed and hunted, can these two learn to rely on love?
A wonderful book that takes place in 1859, Barovia.
Available barnesandnoble
buy on smashwords.com
Beginning to write a new three book Civil War series.
Book 1 of series
© 2017 L. J. Dare website/blog. Proudly created with Wix.com


text:
Journal of Emergency Medicine Trauma & Surgical Care Category: Medical Type: Research Article
Effects of Position on Intracranial Pressure Management in Porcine Traumatic Brain Injury with Hemorrhagic Shock
Dong Sun Choi1, Kyoung Jun Song2*, Tae Han Kim2, Ik Wan Chang1, Young Sun Ro2, Sang Do Shin2 and Ki Jeong Hong2
1 Laboratory Of Emergency Medical Services, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Korea, Republic Of
2 Department Of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, 20 Boramae-Ro 5 Gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 07061, Korea, Republic Of
Kyoung Jun Song
Department Of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, 20 Boramae-Ro 5 Gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 07061, Korea, Republic Of
Tel:+82-2-870-2662,
Email:skciva@gmail.com
Received Date: Apr 23, 2021
Accepted Date: May 06, 2021
DOI:10.24966/ETS-8798/100059
Objectives: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) and hemorrhagic shock have high mortality rates. These two conditions are frequently associated with multiply-compromised patients. The patient's position affects blood pressure and Intracranial Pressure (ICP). The goal of this study was to determine the effect of posture on the treatment of patients with TBI and shock.
Methods: This study utilized a randomized experimental design and anesthetized, intubated and paralyzed female pigs (n=12) (mean 46.3±2.4 kg). Whole pigs were divided into supine, reverse Trendelenburg and Trendelenburg groups, and four pigs were assigned to each group. After reaching a target Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) of less than 60 mmHg, and Intracranial Pressure (ICP) of more than 50mmH, the position was changed according to the designated group and observed for one hour. The main outcome was the Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CePP), and the secondary outcome was the Mean Aortic Blood Pressure (MBP). The outcomes were compared using a mixed model analysis.
Results: One pig in the reverse Trendelenburg group died during induction and a total of 11 pigs were analyzed. All three pigs assigned to the head elevation group died during the observation period, and none of the other pigs died. There was no significant difference in CePP among three groups (p=0.932). MBP was significantly lowest in the reverse Trendelenburg group and significantly highest in the Trendelenburg group compared with the other groups (p<0.0167). ICP and Coronary Perfusion Pressure (CoPP) were lower in the reverse Trendelenburg group than the supine group (p<0.0167).
Conclusion: The head elevation position increased mortality, decreased MAP, and showed no significant change in CePP.
Traumatic brain injury; Intracranial pressure; Position
Traumatic injury is a major public health problem. As a result of injury, about 4.7 million people die each year, and this accounts for 8.5% of all deaths [1]. Traumatic brain injury with hemorrhagic shock is one of the major causes of death due to severe trauma. The most common cause of acute phase death in trauma-related deaths is hemorrhagic shock, and the most common cause of delayed death is traumatic brain injury [2,3]. In addition, 6-16% of deaths due to trauma are accompanied by hemorrhagic shock and traumatic brain injury [4]. Therefore, it is important to reduce mortality in patients who have traumatic brain injury with hemorrhagic shock.
In patients with hemorrhagic shock and in patients with traumatic brain injury, position is one of the important therapeutic interventions that can be performed immediately and is a significant factor in the hemodynamic index. However, the recommended positions for patients with hemorrhagic shock and traumatic brain injury are different, and it is not well known which position should be applied to patients with both.
Previous studies have been conducted on how the position of the patient affects traumatic brain injury and hemorrhagic shock. The head elevation position is commonly used to reduce increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP) in TBI patients [5]. In patients with traumatic brain injury, it is important to prevent IICP and maintain adequate CBF to prevent secondary brain injury [6-8]. In theory, head elevation is effective because it improves cerebral venous return and reduces ICP by promoting the distribution of CSF into the subarachnoid spinal space area [9]. However, there is no evidence that head elevation is effective in recent studies [10]. In patients with hemorrhagic shock, the Trendelenburg position has been used to improve transient hypotension [11]. However, there is no evidence that the Trendelenburg position is effective from previous studies [12]. It is also unclear which position is most appropriate for patients with traumatic brain injury with hemorrhagic shock. In patients with hemorrhagic shock, head elevation may reduce venous return, resulting in decreased cardiac output and decreased systemic pressure.
We hypothesized that the head elevation position would reduce blood pressure and therefore reduce the CePP. We investigated which position is most appropriate in the porcine increased ICP with hemorrhagic shock model. Through this experiment, we will be able to develop clinical guidelines for patients with multiple trauma with TBI and shock.
Study design and setting
A randomized controlled animal experimental study was designed. Twelve domestic pigs weighting 40-50 kg and aged three months were used in the experiment. The IICP with hemorrhagic shock model was made using blood loss of the femoral vein and intracranial space occupying lesion. The experimental animals were randomly divided into a supine group, head elevation group, and head down group. Each group was observed for one hour after changing posture.
The sample size was calculated by assuming that the difference in CePP of each group was 10mmHg and the standard deviation was 5 mmHg, based on a previous study on the difference of CePP according to posture in cardiac arrest. The calculation demonstrated that to achieve the study power of 95% and alpha risk level of 0.05, a sample size of four animals was required in each group (i.e., a total of twelve animals).
Surgical preparation
Pigs were positioned on a tilt with their legs tied to the ends of the tilt table. Pigs were initially sedated with intramuscular injection of 5 mg/kg of tiletamin/zolazepamhypochloride (Zoletil®, Virbac laboratories, France) and 2 mg/kg ofxylazine (Rompun®, BayerKorea, South Korea), followed by inhaled isoflurane at a dose of 1-1.5%. While sedated and ventilated, tracheal intubation was performed using a 7.5 mm internal diameter endotracheal tube. Pigs were ventilated with a volume-control ventilator adjusted at a tidal volume of 6-8ml/kg, a respiratory rate adjusted to continually maintain end-tidal CO2 (ETCO2) of 40 mmHg and O2 saturation above 94%. After creating a burr hole at the middle distance between the occipital bony prominence and the right eyebrow, a micromanometer-tipped catheter (Mikro-Tip®transducer, Millar Inc., Houston, TX, USA) was inserted into the parietal lobe to measure Intracranial Pressure (ICP). Another burr-hole with a 5 mm diameter was made at the middle of the distance between the occipital bony prominence and the left eyebrow. Then, an 18 Fr Foley catheter with 30 cc ballooning was inserted through the burr hole into the right parietal lobe. A second Mikro-tip®Trans-ducer was inserted through the left femoral artery under ultrasonic guidance and placed in the descending thoracic aorta to measure the aortic blood pressure. A 3-lumen central catheter was inserted into the right femoral vein for blood loss. Another Mikro-tip®Transducer was inserted to the right atrium via the right external jugular vein to record the right atrial pressure. The position of the transducer was confirmed by characteristic pressure tracings. Carotid Blood Flow (CBF) was measured with a one channel perivascular flowmeter (T420, Transonic Systems Inc., Ithaca, NY, USA) with the implantable perivascular flow probe (MA-2PSS, Transonic Systems Inc., Ithaca, NY, USA) placed on the internal carotid artery. Open cystostomy was performed and an 18 Fr foley catheter was placed in the bladder. The animals fasted overnight. The pigs' rectal temperature was maintained between 37 °C to 38 °C using a warming blanket (Blanketrol®II, Cincinnati Sub-Zero Medical Division, Cincinnati, OH, USA) throughout the duration of the experiment. Additionally, Electrocardiography (ECG), Oxygen Saturation (SpO2) monitoring from the earlobe surface, and end tidal CO2 (ETCO2) levels were monitored and recorded throughout the experiment. All data measurements were recorded using digital data acquisition software (PowerLab®, ADInstruments Inc., Colorado Springs, CO, USA).
Experimental protocol
The experimental animals were randomly divided into a supine position group, Reverse Trendelenburg Position group (RTP) and Trendelenburg Position group (TP). After surgical preparation, the increased ICP model with hemorrhagic shock was induced. In this study, when systolic blood pressure reached 60 mmHg and ICP reached 50mmHg and was maintained for one minute, posture changes were made. A femoral venous catheter was used to induce blood loss, and a 30 cc 16 Fr foley catheter was inserted into the burr hole to induce space-occupied lesion. Considering the elevation of blood pressure due to Cushing's reflex, blood loss and elevated intracranial pressure were simultaneously achieved. Blood loss was conducted at a rate of 50cc/2 min, and Foley catheter inflation proceeded at a rate of 1.5cc/2 min. After systolic blood pressure and ICP reached the target value, position changes were achieved with a specially customized tilt table which is locked at a designated tilt degree. For the head elevation group, we fixed the tilt table at +30°, and for the head down group we fixed the tilt table at -30°. After the position change, 20% mannitol 0.5g/kg was infused via a central catheter. The hemodynamic parameters were measured continuously for one hour. Complete Blood Count (CBC), Arterial Blood Gas Analysis (ABGA) and serum lactate level were measured via femoral catheter before and after the change of position, at 20, 40 and 60 minutes. Upon completion of the experiment protocol, pigs were then sacrificed with a 20 ml injection of saturated potassium chloride (Figure 1).
Figure 1: Experimental protocol.
The primary outcome is the CePP difference according to the change of posture during the observation period, and the secondary outcome is MAP, CoPP, and CBF, which are indicators of mortality and systemic circulation of the brain circulation system during the posture observation.
Aortic blood pressure, right atrial blood pressure, and intracranial pressure were collected through a micromanometer-tipped catheter during the study period. CePP was calculated using the difference between aortic blood pressure and intracranial pressure. CoPP was calculated as the difference between the aortic blood pressure and the right article blood pressure. CBF was obtained by integrating carotid blood flow for one minute. Each value was obtained in real time, and the value was extracted for ten seconds every one minute for analysis. To compare blood loss, hemoglobin levels were measured at baseline, immediately after position change, and after the end of the experiment. Serum lactate level was measured at baseline, immediately after position change, and after 20 minutes, 40 minutes, and 60 minutes.
Data are expressed as mean and Standard Deviation (SD). Continuous variables including weight, blood loss, intracranial ballooning, induction time, Hb, Hct, and lactate levels were compared by Kruskal-Wallis test. The p-value of each group was significant when it was lower than 0.0167 by Bonferroni-correction. The difference of the hemodynamic parameters with time according to position was compared with the mixed model analysis. Bonferroni-correction was used for post hoc analysis, and a p-value of less than 0.0167 was considered significant. All statistical analysis was performed using SAS 9.4 software.
Ethics statements
This study was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the study institution. All animal care was compliant with the Laboratory Animal Act of the Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. A certified and licensed veterinarian assured that the protocols were performed in accordance with the aforementioned guidelines.
A total of 12 pigs were tested. One pig in the supine group expired during the induction process so the result was analyzed through 11 pigs. Table 1 shows the baseline characteristics of the experimental animals included in the analysis. There was no statistically significant difference in mean blood loss among each group (RTP, mean(SD): 590(179)cc, SP: 683(76)cc, TP: 463(132)cc, p= 0.20) and ballooning volume (RTP: 44.8(1.3)cc, SP: 46.3(2.5)cc, TP: 48(2.6)cc, p = 0.21) for each position. And, there was no significant difference in model induction time (RTP: 22.8(9.5)min, SP: 28.0(2.9)min, T: 26.3(19.9)min, p-value = 0.52). In the experiment, all pigs assigned to the reverse Trendelenburg group expired before 25 minutes and the other pigs assigned to other groups did not expire.
The change in hemodynamic parameters with time is shown in Table 2. Baseline hemodynamic parameters were not significantly different between groups. SBP was significantly lower in RTP than other groups (p <0.0167), and TP was significantly higher than other groups (p <0.0167). DBP and MAP were significantly lower in RTP than SP and TP (p <0.0167). RAP did not show significant differences among three groups. The ICP was significantly lower in RTP than in SP (p <0.0167). CePP did not show significant difference among the three groups. CoPP had a significantly lower RTP than SP (p <0.0167). In CBF, RTP was significantly lower than SP and TP. (p <0.0167).
Weight,
46.7(2.5)
mean(SD) (Kg)
Hemorrhage, mean(SD) (cc)
Intra-cranial ballooning,
8.1(4.1)
mean(SD) (cc)
Induction time, mean(SD) (min)
26.0(11.7)
04-Apr
Table 1: Baseline model induction variables and mortality.
RTP: Reverse Trendelenburg Position; SP: Supine Position; TP: Trendelenburg Position; SD: Standard Deviation.
,mean(SD)
Time(min)
p-value*
SBP, mmHg
<0.001 a,b,c
DBP, mmHg
<0.001 a,c
MAP, mmHg
RAP, mmHg
-1(7)
ICP, mmHg
CePP, mmHg
-19(13)
-1(12)
-14(7)
CoPP, mmHg
CBF, L/min
Table 2: Hemodynamic parameters changing according to each position
RTP: Reverse Trendelenburg Position; SP: Supine Position; TP: Trendelenburg Position; SBP: Systolic Aortic Blood Pressure; DBP: Diastolic Aortic Blood Pressure; MAP: Mean Aortic Blood Pressure; RAP: Right Artrial Blood Pressure; ICP: Intracranial Pressure; CePP: Cerebral Perfusion Pressure; CoPP: Ccoronary Perfusion Pressure; CBF: Carotid Blood Pressure.; a , P-values significant after Bonferroni correction (<0.0167) between supine group and reverse trendelenburg group; b , P-values significant after Bonferroni correction (<0.0167) between supine group and trendelenburg group; c , P-values significant after Bonferroni correction (<0.0167) between reverse trendelenburg group and trendelenburg group.
Immediately after position change, MAP remained constant throughout the observation period in the TP and SP groups, but did not recover after reduction immediately after conversion in the RTP group (Figure 2a). ICP was found to decrease with time in all three groups, but especially in the RTP group (Figure 2b). CePP increased similarly in the entire group regardless of positional change (Figure 3a). CoPP remained constant throughout the observation period in the SP and TP groups and decreased gradually over time in the RTP group (Figure 3b).
MAP: Mean Aortic Arterial Pressure; ICP: Intracranial Pressure
Figure 2: Trend of parameters according to position (a) MAP, (b) ICP.
CePP, cerebral perfusion pressure; CoPP, coronary perfusion pressure
Figure 3: Trend of calculated parameters according to position (a) CePP, (b) CoPP.
The laboratory test changes are shown in Table 3. Hb and hematocrit, which are indicative of blood loss, were not significantly different among the three groups. The decrease in hemoglobin before and after the induction of blood loss also showed no significant difference (p=0.37). The amount of lactate level difference from basal to end in the RTP group (4.0 mmol/L) was significantly higher than that of the Trendelenburg (0.5 mmol/L) and supine groups (0.5 mmol/L) (p=0.03).
Reverse trendelenburg
Supine
trendelenburg
Hb (g/dL), Mean(STD)
After Induction
Δ(End-Basal)
-0.8(0.5)
Hct (%), Mean(STD)
Lactate(mmol/L),
Mean(STD)
Table 3: Laboratory test result according to each position groups.
Traumatic injury is a major health problem that accounts for about 8.5% of all deaths. 1 Among them, traumatic brain injury with hemorrhagic shock accounts for 6-16% of all trauma deaths [4]. The patient's position is one of the important therapeutic factors causing hemodynamic change in the patients who have traumatic brain injury with hemorrhagic shock. This study was conducted to investigate the hemodynamic change of the patient's posture using the traumatic brain injury with hemorrhagic shock model. This study showed that head elevation position causes intracranial pressure reduction with traumatic brain injury with severe hemorrhagic shock. Accompanied by a decrease in mean arterial pressure affecting cerebral perfusion, it was observed that it did not improve cerebral perfusion. In addition, it was observed that the carotid artery blood flow decreased and the shock of the whole body worsened, increasing the mortality rate.
In patients with traumatic brain injury, the head elevation position is an attempt to reduce brain pressure and is mainly applied to patients with severe traumatic brain injury. In theory, the head elevation posture affects venous return and redistribution through the subarachnoid space of cerebrospinal fluid [9,12]. However, according to the recent meta-analysis of J Alarcon, et al., the combination of three RCTs in patients with severe traumatic brain injury has a significant effect on patient mortality. The level of evidence is low and its effects on ICP and cerebral perfusion are not clear [10]. But, this study shows that in patients with TBI with hemorrhagic shock, the head elevation position immediately reduced ICP. However, as a result, it was shown that the MAP reduced and resulted in no significant change in CePP.
Previous studies have shown that in patients with low blood pressure shock, the Trendelenburg position shifts the lower extremity blood flow centrally due to autotransfusion effects, resulting in a temporary increase in cardiac output of about 10% [13]. However, the effect of the Trendelenburg position is not sustained, and treatment of hypovolemic shock should be prior to fluid therapy. Repositioning is limited in the absence of fluid therapy [12]. The results of this study also showed that the Trendelenburg posture caused a temporary increase in mean arterial pressure in patients with low blood shock with traumatic brain injury, but did not show a statistically significant difference. The Trendelenburg position did not significantly increase intracranial pressure or decrease cerebral perfusion pressure with traumatic brain injury. However, the cerebral perfusion pressure tended to be higher than that of the supine position between ten and forty minutes. This may be due to the effect of a transient blood pressure increase in the Trendelenburg position in patients with traumatic brain injury with severe hemorrhagic shock.
In this study, all three animals in the reverse Trendelenburg group died within 20 minutes. The animal model used in this experiment maintained ICP at 50 mmHg and systolic arterial pressure at 60 mmHg or less. Increased ICP is known to be accompanied by increased blood pressure, irregular breathing, and bradycardia - called the Cushing reflex. In spite of this Cushing reflex, the decreased blood pressure is likely due to catecholamine release due to the Cushing reflex, which has already been accompanied by vasoconstriction and a reduced ability to cope with relative shock deterioration due to head elevation. And reverse Trendelenburg position may lead to aggravation of hemorrhagic shock, and death. This suggests that the actual severity of hemorrhagic shock may be underestimated, even if blood pressure is stable in patients with traumatic brain injury.
There are several limitations in this study. First, it was based on space-occupying lesions using intra-cranial ballooning to induce increased intracranial pressure. However, the intra-cranial ballooning model differs from actual traumatic brain injury. It does not effectively induce the effects of brain-blood barrier damage, brain parenchymal damage such as cerebral contusion, and accompanying brain edema. Second, this study used a pig model, but there are several anatomical differences between pigs and humans. The brains of pigs are only 96-145 g, which is only one tenth the size of human brains, which weigh about 1.2 kg. Thus, intracranial balloon models are more likely to cause cerebral herniation. Third, isoflurane was used to maintain the sedation of the pig in this experiment. Previous studies have reported isoflurane-induced hypotension by reducing vascular resistance, which may lead to worsening of hypotension [14]. Finally, this study did not administer any intra-venous fluids during the one-hour observation period to rule out the effects of fluid resuscitation. However, the most important treatment for hemorrhagic shock is the recovery of systemic perfusion with the administration of fluid and blood products. also, immediate fluid therapy is performed at the prehospital phase. Therefore, experiments lacking fluid administration may not show results in the clinical environment in which the fluid is administered along with the actual position change.
In this experiment, the head elevation position increased mortality, decreased MAP, and showed no significant change in CePP. This study suggests that resuscitation from hypotension status is important in maintaining CePP and decreasing the mortality of patients with traumatic brain injury and hemorrhagic shock.
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Citation: Choi DS, Song KJ, Kim TH, Chang IW, Ro YS, et al. (2021) Effects of Position on Intracranial Pressure Management in Porcine Traumatic Brain Injury with Hemorrhagic Shock. J Emerg Med Trauma Surg Care 8: 059.
Copyright: © 2021 Dong Sun Choi, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.


Thank you so much for all your stunning work. The pictures are amazing, we absolutely love them! They were exactly what we were hoping for, so very special. There are wonderful memories, not only for us, but for all the guests who were part of our special day. Thanks so much.


We introduce a novel type of representation learning to obtain a speaker invariant feature for zero-resource languages. Speaker adaptation is an important technique to build a robust acoustic model. For a zero-resource language, however, conventional model-dependent speaker adaptation methods such as constrained maximum likelihood linear regression are insufficient because the acoustic model of the target language is not accessible. Therefore, we introduce a model-independent feature extraction based on a neural network. Specifically, we introduce a multi-task learning to a bottleneck feature-based approach to make bottleneck feature invariant to a change of speakers. The proposed network simultaneously tackles two tasks: phoneme and speaker classifications. This network trains a feature extractor in an adversarial manner to allow it to map input data into a discriminative representation to predict phonemes, whereas it is difficult to predict speakers. We conduct phone discriminant experiments in Zero Resource Speech Challenge 2017. Experimental results showed that our multi-task network yielded more discriminative features eliminating the variety in speakers.
with Adversarial Learning", IEEE SigPort, 2018. [Online]. Available: http://sigport.org/2709. Accessed: Apr. 23, 2019.


Producer James L. Brooks sees a similarity between Kelly Fremon Craig's upcoming teenage comedy The Edge of Seventeen and his Oscar-winning film As Good as It Gets: Without the right cast, neither film could have gone forward.
The 19-year-old Steinfeld turned Oscar voters' heads at 14 with her nominated portrayal of Mattie Ross in the Coen brothers' 2010 remake of True Grit.
Brooks encouraged Craig to interview teenagers before making a movie about teenage life today, a development process which made all the difference in making an authentic, R-rated movie. STX Entertainment, the pic's studio, stood by the filmmakers' decision to maintain that rating. While many might expect a PG or PG-13 for a teen comedy, they might forget that The Breakfast Club, one of the classic titles about high school life, was rated R.
The Edge of Seventeen opens November 18.