This article is a work in progress & is going to be part of my informational services aimed at home energy evaluation & energy reduction.
Standard incandescent bulbs currently used in your home or business have changed very little from Thomas Edison's first light bulb in 1879. Only about 10% or less of the energy used by incandescent bulbs becomes visible light; the other 90% is wasted as heat. Florescent bulbs are about 4 times more efficient than incandescent bulbs (florescent bulbs are at least 40-45% efficient) & can therefore save a lot of electricity costs, as well as operate cooler. In recent years many manufacturers have come out with a compact line of florescent bulbs with the ballast built in, which are designed to replace incandescent bulbs in screw based sockets. Prices for these screw based, compact florescent lamps (CFLs) have come way down & quality & practicality has gone way up, to the point where it is far more economical to use florescent bulbs than incandescent bulbs, once you take the electricity costs into account.
Most people look at the price of a screw base, compact fluorescent lamp (CFLs) (usually $2. to $9. CDN each) & they choose the incandescent bulb which is often well under $1. but this is false economy. They fail to notice that florescent bulbs can last 3 to 13 times longer than incandescent bulbs AND that florescent bulbs only require 22 - 25% as much electricity for the same brightness. At the high prices of electricity these days, the huge savings when using florescent bulbs are primarily because of the reduced electricity requirements. For example, if your total cost of electricity in your area is $0.10 per kWh (kilo Watt hour) (including all the extras on your bill), then a 100 Watt incandescent bulb would use $100. worth of electricity over 10,000 hours (longest life of most florescent bulbs). Even if you used 6000 hours (the shortest rated life of any florescent bulb) as the comparison base, there would still be a $60. electricity cost for a 100 Watt incandescent bulb over 6000 hours. Since florescent bulbs only use about 25% of the electricity of an incandescent bulb, the above 100 Watt incandescent bulb if changed to a 25 Watt florescent bulb will save $45. to $75. in electricity costs over the life of that bulb. A 60 Watt incandescent bulb if changed to a 15 Watt florescent bulb will save $27. to $45. in electricity costs over the life of that bulb, depending on how many hours it's rated for & your kWh price for electricity. So it's not hard to see how the savings can add up for all the light bulbs in your house or business. Even if florescent bulbs are slightly more expensive to buy than incandescent bulbs based on a given number of hours, the cost is way more than made up by the enormous savings in electricity.
Screw base, compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) do still have some technical limitations but not many any more. Most models of CFLs do not work with dimmers, though some do, but those ones don't dim as low as an incandescent bulb. Florescent light packaging often has a disclaimer saying "May cause interference with radio, TV's, telephones, or remote controls. Not intended for use with emergency exit fixtures or emergency exit lights. Not for use with timers, photocells, dimmers and motion control devices." The manufacturer Luminus told me that their CFLs were designed to operate between 100 - 130 Volts & that they would burn out prematurely if the Voltage was below 100, but not cause a safety issue. Luminus also said that many but not all "electronic timers" & "electronic photocells" lower the Voltage too much, but that "mechanical timers" work fine with CFLs. If you have a Volt meter, measure the output of the electronic timer or photocell to see if it drops the Voltage too much for use on CFLs (normal Voltage is usually 117 VAC) & to see that it doesn't feed any Voltage to the CFL when it is off.
Inexpensive inverters that create AC Voltage for household appliances from a battery are usually square wave AC (manufacturers call them modified sine wave) & this can cause a CFL to burn out prematurely, if you must use an inverter for a CFL, only use the more expensive full sine wave inverters.
Many manufacturers of CFLs make their bulbs TOO TALL, so a 25 Watt CFL may not fit in a fixture that a 100 Watt incandescent came out of. It is unfortunate that more manufacturers don't find ways to make these bulbs fit the same height profile as the incandescent bulbs they are designed to replace, such as make the spiral wider so it doesn't have to be as tall. Some 14 Watt spiral shaped CFLs (Commercial Electric or Luminus brands) are as small as a 60 Watt incandescent bulb & fit almost anywhere. Incandescent bulbs are typically 3 7/8" - 4 1/4" or 9.9 - 10.7 CM tall. General Electric, Sylvania & Philips seem to have lagged behind in getting their CFLs down to the same size as an incandescent bulb.
Most CFLs do not flicker or hum like models of several years ago & most now come on nearly instantly (within 1/2 second), though there are a few notable exceptions such as some models from Globe that take 1-2 seconds to turn on, which can sometimes be quite annoying if you're rushing into a room as you turn the light on. All CFLs are a bit dim when they first turn on, but most are up to full brightness within 1 minute. The ballast of CFLs typically use a switching frequency of about 40,000 Hz, so they do not cause headaches like the 60 Hz ballasts of 4' florescent ceiling fixtures.
Color temperature of CFLs come in a range from 2600° Kelvin (very yellow warm) to 6500° Kelvin (slightly bluer than daylight). Personally I like CFLs in the mid range of 3500 to 4000° Kelvin. Incandescent bulbs are typically 2700 to 3000° Kelvin & daylight at noon on a sunny day is 5500° Kelvin. Most people have a sense that a higher color temperature (more bluish) might be better for reading. Some CFLs use 3 types of phosphors to give a better more even spectrum of lighting, or better Colour Rendering Index (CRI) . Most CFLs however, have a rather low CRI rating of about 80. Future improvements should be made in CFLs to bring them up to perhaps a 92 CRI index which renders colors much more accurately.
CFLs are available to fit 3-way (trilite) fixtures (3 separate brightness levels), but they are sometimes expensive in Canada. In my opinion, CFLs have evolved to the point where they are usually identical in functionality to incandescent bulbs, last longer & they will continue to get smaller, better, more efficient, safer, better Color Rendering Index & less expensive.
I would have presumed that screw base, compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) were always safer than incandescent bulbs because they operate so much cooler, which should minimize the chance of combustible material igniting should it touch the bulb. However I received a report by a consumer who used a 14 Watt Luminus brand CFL purchased at Costco which went defective & started to smoke, here is what he said. "There was no actual flame, but it filled the globe (sealed light fixture) with very acrid smoke and then the smoke began to fill the hall. We were moving about in the hall at that particular moment and discovered the problem almost immediately. Whether the bulb will actually flame if left in a socket I don't know. It was powerful hot in that globe when I took it out and still actively belching smoke..." This was the potential first fire hazard incident I had heard of with CFLs, but it illustrates that a problem can occur. I have heard of fires caused by incandescent bulbs that were too high Wattage for the fixture they were installed in, or where they came in contact with combustible material (drapes, covers & lampshades, etc). Besides problems with some Luminus brand CFLs, some Pricemark bulbs can be a hazard too. Note any bulbs listed below as having a safety hazard in red. CFLs that belch smoke, usually do so from the white base that contains electronic components (ballast). General Electric formerly had on their web site an explanation of "End Of Life" sensing protection that can prevent smoke, something all CFLs should incorporate. As a general rule, a CFL bulb that smokes does not catch fire because it is contained within the white ballast, but it sometimes scares consumers enough that they don't want to use CFLs.
The Electrical Safety Authority has issued a warning about the way CFLs expire at the end of their life. The Ontario Fire Marshal's Office also looks into CFL safety. If you have the FCC ID number from the base of the CFL, you can go to the U.S. Federal Communications Commission site & often see pictures of the parts used on the inside of these CFLs. Another organization to complain to if you are a U.S. citizen & have a CFL safety issue is the U.S. Product Safety Commission .
Some CFLs packaging indicates that the bulb contains mercury , which should be disposed of according to your locals laws, or call Lamp Recycle at 1-800-555-0050 or 1-800-435-4448. The mercury is contained in the sealed glass tube & presumably is not a safety hazard unless the glass gets broken (in which case don't breath near the tube). The amount of mercury is extremely small (5 mg or less, which would cover the head of a pin), but the bulb should not be disposed of with regular household garbage. Do CFLs pose a threat of mercury poisoning if they break?
Some "Fieldbreeze" brand CFLs sold in dollar stores are not safety rated & are an extreme safety hazard. One model of Globe brand CFL has a UL stamp of safety approval, but UL says the bulb is NOT approved & is a potential safety hazard. If you have a CFL that you believe is a safety hazard & if it is CSA approved, send it to CSA Group , 178 Rexdale Blvd., Toronto Ontario, M9W 1R3 or Phone (416) 747-4277.
All CFLs should have either the CSA (Canadian Standards Association) or UL or cUL (Underwriter's Labs ) logo of safety approval & if they do not have a safety rating as noted by the CSA or UL logo, then don't buy them. In Ontario & probably other Canadian provinces, ANY electrical device that operates on 32 Volts or more, must have either the CSA or UL logo, or be approved by the ESA (Electrical Safety Authority ) as long as there is a standard for the product (which there is for CFLs), presumably states in the U.S.A. have similar laws.
It is assumed that CFLs can be put almost anywhere that an incandescent bulb can be put, but judging by the safety reports below, it is clear that some CFLs overheat & burn out early or cause potential safety issues when installed in a recessed or enclosed fixture. Read the manufacturers packaging for instructions of where & where not to use CFLs.
Screw base, compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) at a warm color temperature of about 2700° Kelvin have an advertised life of 6000 - 10,000 hours (250 - 417 days on constantly, or 4.7 - 7.8 years at 3.5 hours per day) which is substantially more than incandescent bulbs which are usually rated for 770 - 2000 hours (32-83 days on constantly, or 0.6 - 1.56 years at 3.5 hours per day). Having used CFLs for some time now,I am quite skeptical of some manufacturers claims for number of hours. Indeed, how would any typical consumer even know how long a bulb actually lasted unless they left it on constantly & took note of when they installed it & when it burned out. My own limited experience using at least 45 screw base compact fluorescent bulbs (as of 2003) in intermittent use (only occasionally turned on) in the last 18 months, is that 5 of them have burned out way too early (that's at least a 11.1% early failure rate using this small sampling & is likely to be higher). One person has reported to me that 19 of 21 Luminus 20 Watt CFLs purchased at Costco have burned out significantly prematurely. Another reported most 14 Watt Luminus CFLs burned out prematurely. At least one manufacturer has tried to convince me that less than 1% of CFLs fail prematurely, but I don't believe it, so keep your bill so you can return any bulb that burns our prematurely. In particular I've found that Sylvania brand CFLs routinely don't last very long. I've heard one report of Pur-lite bulbs burning out in a month or two. I received a report on poor customer service regarding Globe Electric Co. I have observed that using a florescent bulb in a pull chain fixture might shorten their life, possible because of the vibration. CFLs used in totally enclosed fixtures or florescent floods will also result in shortened life, probably because of heat build up in the sealed fixture. Bulbs routinely turned on in sub freezing temperatures (below -23°C or -10°F) may also shorten bulb life expectancy. Even if the manufacturers claims of life expectancy for CFLs is only half of what they claim, I still feel they are excellent value because of the huge cost in electricity they save.
Light output is measured in lumens , but it is generally assumed that you will get approximately the same output of an incandescent bulb if you use a CFL bulb of 25% the Wattage. For example, if you found that you needed a 100 Watt incandescent bulb to provide enough light, then use a 23-27 Watt CFL to do the same job (if it fits in the fixture). If you were using a 60 Watt incandescent bulb, then switch it to a 13-15 Watt CFL for similar light output. The rated light output of some CFLs is based on the bulb being upside down (i.e. screw base at top), but sometimes in a sealed fixture that actually decreases the life of the bulb because heat rises to the ballast area causing over heating. If the screw base is at the bottom, the light output may be as low as 92 - 95% of rated brightness (I have not verified this). At a given light output, CFLs create a lot less heat than incandescent bulbs which is a bonus. Florescent flood lights that shine in only one direction tend to be a little less efficient compared to CFLs that shine in all directions, because floods are forced to reflect the light in one direction which isn't as efficient use of the light.
So which brands of CFLs seem to be generally better than others? Read below & you will see many specifics listed, but so far Philips brand is the only brand I have listed here that I have not received a potential safety hazard report for. Phillips being 1 of the big three domestic manufacturers, has some interesting CFLs. I formerly had a personal preference for the Commercial Electric brand (sold at Home Depot) (made by Technical Consumer Products Inc.) because their designs seem well thought out, they work very well, but I have since received several bad reports. Essentially similar CFLs to Commercial Electric may also sell under other brand names like N:Vision & DuraBright. Globe brand CFLs often seem unrefined, turn on slowly & are too tall, but otherwise seem to function ok. The 13 Watt Globe brand bulb listed below says it is UL safety rated, but in fact it isn't. I would avoid buying Globe brand CFLs when they violate UL standards. Luminus brand CFLs are a mixed bag, with some earlier models failing prematurely & some models being a definite safety hazard, so I would avoid this brand. Luminus seems to be one of those companies who does their product testing on the public rather than in the lab before they release the product to the public. Rona Hardware stores is a brand I have limited experience with. Sylvania being another of the big three domestic manufacturers seems to have it's share of premature burn outs & several possible safety hazard reports, so I would stay away from this brand. Pricemark brand of CFLs present a possible safety hazard, sometimes burn out prematurely & show no advanced characteristics. Pur-lite brand CFLs are a definite safety hazard & don't seem to be stocked by Canadian Tires stores any more & they have non standard descriptions of product (color temperature levels ), sometimes flicker when off, no web presence & only have a 1 year guarantee for a bulb that's supposed to last up to 7 years. Light of America brand of CFLs seems unremarkable, with premature burn outs reported, possible safety hazards & CFLs that are too tall. General Electric being the other of the big three domestic manufacturers but I have little experience with this brand so far. GE is the only brand I could find that formerly described on their web site an "End Of Life" sensing safety protection, that shows they care about their customer's safety & about proper research. "Fieldbreeze" brand of CFLs can be an extreme safety hazard & has no safety rating (CSA or UL) & uses flammable plastic, under no circumstances should you buy this brand if you value your life & your house. IKEA I only have 2 reports on this brand & it mentions a potential safety hazard. NOMA is a CFL brand now selling in my area, but I haven't tried them yet. Note any bulbs listed below as having a safety hazard in red.
Below are some brands & models I've bought along with comments from other users.
Philips 9 Watts Vanity GLOBE shaped. Rated for 8,000 hours or 7years (3.1 hours per day), 500 lumens. Operating range -30°C to 60°C (-22°F to 140°F). 4 3/8" or 11.1 CM tall from tip to base. Made in China. cUL certified. Comes on dim, but brightens within a couple minutes.
Philips Marathon 11 Watts SPIRAL shaped. Rated for 8,000 hours or 6 years (3 hours per day), 674 lumens. Operating range -20°C to 60°C (-4°F to 140°F). 4 1/4" or 10.8 CM tall from tip to base. Made in China. UL & CSA certified.
Philips Marathon 15 Watts SPIRAL shaped. Rated for 10,000 hours or 7 years warranty (3 hours a day), 860 lumens, 2700 °K (yellow warm color) & 82 CRI (Color Rendering Index). Operating range -20°C to 60°C (-4°F to 140°F). 4 13/16" or 12.3 CM which is rather tall. Comes on instantly. Made in China. cUL & CSA certified.
Philips shaped like a NORMAL bulb in 2 sizes (smaller one almost same shape as an incandescent bulb & 5 3/8" or 13.7 CM tall) 16 Watt = 60 Watt, 6,000 hours, 5 years based on 3.3 hours per day, actually uses 15 Watts, 825 lumens, manufacturer says color temperature 2700°K & that's exactly what I measured, 82 CRI, $14.99 CDN for one bulb & more recently about $7. CDN for other (smaller bulb), good to -10°F or -23°C (newer version says -25°F or -45°C) because of it's sealed outer bulb (not good for putting in a sealed fixture), made in Poland, head office New Jersey. Might not make proper electrical contact with the base of all sockets because of wide ballast & slightly stubbier screw base. Bulb comes on rather dim, but eventually brightens up. Good for when you have a lamp shade clipping directly on the bulb. Bulb is CSA & UL certified.
Philips is 25 Watts & has 3 U shaped stems. Made in Mexico. Measured 2800° Kelvin. 6 1/8" tall (15.6 CM). Inside of tube tends to darken with age. Is UL & CSA certified.
Philips Marathon 27 Watts SPIRAL shaped. Rated for 10,000 hours or 7 years (3.1 hours a day) guaranteed, 1620 lumens. Operating range -20°C to 60°C (-4°F to 140°F), rather tall. Made in China. cUL & CSA certified. Slightly bluer than daylight at 6500°K with an 80 CRI (Color Rendering Index).
Philips SLS15 15 Watts 3U shaped. Made in Mexico. Customer comments.
Commercial Electric 14 Watt SPIRAL (measured 13 Watts) rated for 10,000 hours, 7 years based on 3.9 hours per day & the packaging actually says "This product is under warranty for 7 years". Rated at 900 lumens which might be slightly over rated because it is not as bright as the 13 Watt Luminus spiral. Strength is that this bulb is very small (4 5/16" or 11.0 CM tip to base) so it can fit anywhere that a conventional incandescent bulb would fit. Turns on more instantly than most florescent bulbs & has a minimum starting temperature of -20°F (-29°C). Color temperature measured 2800° Kelvin. $19.98 CDN at Home Depot for 4 bulbs. Bulb is not CSA certified, but is UL certified. Made in China.
Commercial Electric 14 Watt FLOOD (measured 13 Watts) (indoor/outdoor) with fogged glass face, sold by Home Depot for $20. CDN for two. Rated for 6000 hours (5 years based on 3.3 hours per day), may have overestimated light output saying 14 Watt = 65 Watt. Outdoor temp minimum -20°F (-29°C). Strength is that this bulb is suitable for use in wet outdoor locations, rated at 640 lumens (I'd guess that light output is over rated). This bulb takes 1-2 seconds to turn on which can be annoying & it takes awhile to come up to full brightness. Color temperature measured 2600° Kelvin (yellow warm color). Bulb is not CSA certified, but is UL certified. Of 6 Commercial Electric Flood bulbs I bought, 1 burned out very prematurely. The competitor Luminus floods (145454 & 145453) appear to be brighter bulbs, at a lower cost & rated for more hours, but they're not for wet locations. Made in China.
Commercial Electric 23 Watt SPIRAL (measured 19 Watts after warming up for a few minutes) SKU # 415-413 & 358-875, models EDXO-23 & C8PESL23TM, rated for 10,000 hours, 7 years based on 3.9 hours per day & the packaging actually says "This product is under warranty for 7 years". Rated at 1600 lumens although it probably is less because it burned at a significantly lower Wattage than rated. Warm white light. Strength is that this bulb is very short especial in it's brighter class range (4 11/16" or 11.8 CM tip to base) so it can fit almost anywhere that a conventional incandescent bulb would fit. Turns on more instantly than most florescent bulbs & has a minimum starting temperature of -20°F (-29°C). $17.99 CDN at Home Depot for 3 bulbs. Bulb is not CSA certified, but is UL certified. Made in China. Potential safety hazard comments & picture.
Commercial Electric 42 Watt SPIRAL advertising claims similar in brightness to a 150 Watt incandescent bulb (measured 35 Watts when first turned on & rises to about 36 or 37 Watts after warming up for a few minutes) Rated at 2600 lumens, but since Wattage isn't what is claimed, brightness might not be what's claimed either. SKU # 167-190, rated for 10,000 hours, 7 years based on 3.9 hours per day & the packaging actually says "Guaranteed, based on average of 4 hours per day". Warm white light. Bulb is quite tall, so it comes with harp extensions. Turns on more instantly than most florescent bulbs & has a minimum starting temperature of -20°F (-29°C). About $12.95 CDN at Home Depot for 1 bulb. Bulb is not CSA certified, but is UL certified. Made in China.
Luminus (Imported by Conglom Inc.)(item 867867) 13 Watt SPIRAL super bright Micro T2, 3 11/16" or 95 CM ultra compact sized to fit in almost any fixture, 900 lumens, color temperature 2700° Kelvin (yellow warm color), rated for 10,000 hours up to 9 years, warranty for 3 years, operates down to -23°C or -10°F, cUL approved, made in China. $14.79 for 8 bulbs at Costco Nov. 2007. Comes with a nice reusable case that protects the bulbs.
Luminus (item 145456)(new ultra bright mini spiral, also called professional series) 13 Watt SPIRAL shaped but not as short as above model (this model is 9/16" taller & is 4 15/16" or 12.5 CM base to tip), rated for 10,000 hours, lasts up to 7 years based on 3-4 hours per day (actual 3.91 hours per day if you do the math) although it only has a 3 year limited warranty, 900 lumens (it is quite bright for 13 Watts), Luminus claims this model is more efficient than their 145457 model & I believe that claim (this bulb is 78% less electricity than a 60 Watt incandescent bulb). Suitable for indoor or outdoor (outdoor must be dry), $15.69 CDN for 3 bulbs at Costco ($4. off Aug. 4-17/2003). Starts below -23°C (-10°F). Manufacturer says colour temperature 2700° Kelvin (yellow warm color), I measured 2800°K. This model might be safer than the 145457 model because it clearly is a different design. Strength is that it starts instantly & brightly. Might be too tall for some fixtures. Bulb is not CSA certified, but is UL certified. Customer comments.
Luminus (item 865983)(P17713 DH08) Super Bright Ultra Mini SPIRAL 13 Watts. 4 1/16" or 10.3 CM base to tip (nice & short). Rated for 10,000 hours, lasts up to 9 years (at 3.04 hours per day) warranty for 3 years from date of purchase. Light output 900 lumens, 2700° Kelvin (yellow warm color). Suitable for outdoor use in dry location (down to -23°C or -10°F) (will start at temperatures below this but may affect lamp life). Bulb cUL certified, but not CSA certified. Of 8 bulbs in package, 1 failed shortly after installation. There are two versions of this bulb with the same item number but slightly different shape. The newest one is slightly taller 4 3/16" (10.7 cm) & has a much smaller ballast (1.5" diameter) that says P-17713T.
Luminus (item 145457) 14 Watt SPIRAL shaped (measures 13 Watts), rated for 9000 hours (don't believe it), 6 years based on 3-4 hours per day (actual 4.1 hours per day if you do the math), 800 lumens, Luminus says 14 Watts is equal to 60 Watts, suitable for indoor or outdoor (outdoor must be dry), $18.79 CDN for 3 bulbs at Costco in 2002 & 2003. Luminus claims their energy efficient CFLs convert about 50% of the electricity used into light (it's probably more like 40-45%). I had one burn out very prematurely, out of about 15 & other people have reported significantly higher failure rates. This is a nice spiral shaped bulb that is exactly the same size as some of the larger incandescent bulbs (4 3/8" or 11.2 CM base to tip). Starts instantly. Color temperature measured 2700° Kelvin (yellow warm color). Initially I liked this model because of it's small length which fits anywhere an incandescent bulb would fit & instant start, but it might be a fire hazard. Costco stopped carrying this model in the spring of 2003 & now carries the 13 Watt model below. This 14 Watt CFL is CSA certified, but not UL certified. I have had one safety hazard report from another user of this bulb that after 1-2 years of use, the built in ballast started to burn up & smoke causing a possible fire hazard. CSA is looking into a possible recall of this bulb. The numbers listed on the defective bulb are as follows: FCC ID: OTZ-91535 CSA-206256 2814-DO2 Customer comments.
Luminus (item 145454) 14 Watt FLOOD (actually measures 13 Watts) with clear front & highly polished reflector inside & out, with a 3 stem inner bulb. Turns on more instantly that competitor (Commercial Electric) & might be slightly brighter, but is slow to get bright. Rated for 8,000 hours at 530 lumens. Can be used outdoors (down to -23°C or -10°F) in dry locations (Commercial Electric flood can be used in wet locations). $15.99 CDN for two at Costco. Color temperature measured 2800° Kelvin. They probably overestimate Wattage equivalent by saying 14 Watt = 65 Watt requiring 78% less electricity than incandescent floods. Low manufacturers estimate of 5 years based on 3-4 hours per day (actual math if bulb last 8000 hours is 4.38 hours per day). Value & functionality of this bulb initially seem very good. Bulb is CSA certified, but not UL certified. I have had one safety hazard report from another user of this bulb that said, "We just built a new home and installed 12 of the 14w flood bulbs indoors (item 145454). We have lived in the house for a month now. We have had to replace 3 bulbs. They all cracked at the base and the reflector glass broke and a piece actually fell off onto the floor which is very dangerous as we have a 9 month old. These bulbs burned for maybe 3-5 hours a day for a month. The one bulb we put in to replace the one where the glass fell on the floor lasted for 10 minutes before it cracked. It still works but we are afraid of glass falling again." I examined the unused bulb I still had in the package & also found that the glass reflector was cracked (very thin glass near base). I have asked CSA to consider a recall of this bulb. I now see that Costco is selling a substitute (see item number 145453 below), so maybe the defective version is already off the shelves. Customer comments.
Luminus (item 145453) 15 Watt FLOOD (actually measures 16 Watts) with clear front & highly polished reflector inside & out with a 4 stem u shaped inner bulb. Although this is a flood bulb, light is not evenly distributed, there is a bright spot in middle. Turns on more instantly that competitor (Commercial Electric) & is brighter, but is slow to get bright from a cold start. Rated for 8,000 hours at 600 lumens (noticeably brighter than 14 Watt bulb above). Can be used outdoors (down to -23°C or -10°F) in dry locations (Commercial Electric flood can be used in wet locations). $15.99 CDN for two floods at Costco. Low manufacturers estimate of 5 years based on 3-4 hours per day (actual math if bulb last 8000 hours is 4.38 hours per day). Value & functionality of this bulb initially seems very good. Bulb is CSA certified, but not UL certified. I've experienced 1 new bulb that simply didn't work at all. Customer comments.
Luminus (item 145464) 15 Watt FLOOD with flogged front glass reflector & a spiral inner bulb. Rated for 8,000 hours at 725 lumens. Suitable for outdoor use in dry location (down to -23°C or -10°F) (will start at temperatures below this but may affect lamp life). Manufacturer claims bulb can last up to 7 years (at 3.13 hours per day) & is warranty for 3 years from date of purchase. Bulb cUL certified, but not CSA certified.
Luminus 23 Watt SPIRAL I haven't used this bulb myself, but I received the following safety hazard warning from another user "This light bulb started to smell really badly and we feared it may flame out. The model is 4001-F04." Customer comments.
Luminus (item 145458) 25 Watt SPIRAL shaped (actually 23 Watts) rated for 10,000 hours, 7 years based on 3.9 hours per day, 1600 lumens, quite tall (6 3/16" or 15.7 CM base to tip) (too tall for some fixtures). $20. CDN for 3 bulbs at Costco. Ok for outdoor use in dry location. Color temperature measured 2600° Kelvin (yellow warm color). Bulb is CSA certified, but not UL certified. Customer comments.
General Electric FLE10HT3/2/SW 10 Watts SPIRAL, soft white, 520 lumens, 8,000 hours, 4 5/16" or 11 CM tip to base in height, guaranteed to last 5 years at 4 hours per day. Reliable cold starting down to 5°F (-15°C). UL certified. Made in China. $8.96 CDN for 3 bulbs in Wal-Mart.
General Electric FLE13HT3/2/SW 13 Watts SPIRAL, soft white, 825 lumens, 8,000 hours, 4 13/16" or 12.2 CM tip to base in height, guaranteed to last 5 years at 4 hours per day. Reliable cold starting down to 5°F (-15°C). UL certified. Made in China.
General Electric made in Hungary, 15 Watts = 60 Watts ELONGATED CANDLE shaped, 850 lumens, 12,000 hours, cool blue daylight color of 6500° Kelvin (slightly bluer than daylight), $21.99 CDN at Canadian Tire for one bulb. I have not actually tried this one, but listed it because of it's unusual blue colour temperature, which might be handy for some lighting situations.
General Electric made in Hungary, 15 Watts STEM shaped, Biax, 250 mA FLE15DBX/SPX27, UL code. FCC ID: BLD3431. I haven't used this model, but received the following potential safety hazard comments & picture.
General Electric made in Hungary, 20 Watts, Biax, FCC ID: BLD 20 HLT. I haven't used this model, but received the following potential safety hazard comments.
General Electric FLE26HT3/2/SW 26 Watts SPIRAL, soft white, 1700 lumens, 8,000 hours, 5 1/16" or 13 CM tip to base height, guaranteed to last 5 years at 4 hours per day. Reliable cold starting down to 5°F (-15°C). UL certified. Made in China. $8.96 CDN for 2 bulbs in Wal-Mart.
Globe Electric Company Inc. 11 Watts double STEM shaped, very tall 5 15/16" or 15.1 CM (too tall for many fixtures). Purchased at Wal-Mart for $6.48. CDN 660 lumens, 6000 hours, 5 years based on 3.3 hours per day. Color temperature measured 2800° Kelvin. Bulb is not CSA certified, but is UL certified.
Globe Electric Company Inc. (#27514) 13 Watts = 60 Watts, SPIRAL but not quite as small as an incandescent bulb or the competition (Luminus & Commercial Electric). This bulb is 5" or 12.6 CM base to tip. 10,000 hours (7 years based on average of 3.9 hours per day), 780 lumens. Made in China by the Fujian Joinluck Electronic Enterprise Co. Ltd. I found this bulb annoying in that it takes almost 2 seconds to turn on. Two bulbs for $9.96 CDN at Wal-Mart. I would recommend the Commercial Electric 14 Watt bulb over this model. Bulb is not CSA certified, but says it is UL certified (E197131). Note that this CFL from Globe Electric has been found by Underwriters Laboratories to not conform to their standards authorized by the UL logo mark, due to a production error that occurred in manufacturing which used a non-compliant internal component. UL says this bulb "may pose a potential fire and electric shock hazard ." The Electrical Safety Authority has had a recall too. As does the Ontario Fire Marshal's Office . Several users of this CFL sent me pictures & made comments about this CFL. If you have any of these bulbs in service, take them back to the store you bought them at for a refund or exchange, or contact Globe Electric at customerservice@globe-electric.com or phone (514) 694-0444 (ext 151)(Montreal Canada) for a 2 for 1 replacement.
Globe Electric Company Inc. 23 Watt = 60 Watt, SPIRAL pictures & comments.
Globe Electric Company Inc. (#08303) 25 Watt = 100 Watts, SPIRAL but very tall (6" or 15.2 CM base to tip)(too tall for many fixtures), 10,000 hours (7 years based on average of 3.9 hours per day), 1500 lumens. Color temperature 2700°K, CRI 82, made in China. Bulb is not CSA certified, but is UL certified.
Sylvania CF13EL/SuperMini is a 13 Watt SPIRAL (measures 12 Watts), 3500°K (Sylvania calls it "Daylight Extra") which is actually nowhere near daylight color but a nice in between color that is not too yellow or too blue. 8000 hours (based on 3 hours per day), 7 years, 850 lumens, 0°F (-18°C) to 100°F (40°C), made in China, 4 3/16" or 11.7 CM tall, some bulbs flicker when first turned on & cause electronic interference, cUL approved, does not have vent holes in ballast base like model below, 2 bulbs for $5.99 Nov. 2007.
Sylvania CF13EL/MiniTwist is a 13 Watt SPIRAL. 3000°K. cUL approved, has vent holes in ballast base. I did not try this bulb but received the following safety hazard warnings with comments & pictures from other users.
Sylvania Deluxe EL13W 13 Watt double STEM type, burned out after 6 months of very light duty use in vestibule enclosed fixture. 5 1/2" or 14.0 CM tall, may not fit in some fixtures. Bulb is CSA & UL certified.
Sylvania SRS-13W is a 13 Watt SPIRAL. I did not try this bulb, but received the following comments about it. "We've had four SRS-13W Mini Spirals fail after brief (one month or less) use. The last one became very hot near one end of the coil. The first time I advised Sylvania they sent replacements. Now that its happened again with the replacements I'm not sure if I want Sylvania products."
Sylvania Deluxe EL20W 20 Watt triple STEM type, burned out probably prematurely. 6 3/16" or 15.6 CM tall. CSA & UL certified. A comment from another user of this bulb made the follow possible safety hazard warning "Sylvania EL20W lamp overheat at one end of the tube, resulting in some melting of plastic and a little smoke. I caught it quickly, so I don't know whether or not it would have become more serious." Another comment "One of the bulbs started smoking at the base. It is a Sylvania CF 20EL/830 model bulb. David"
Sylvania Deluxe EL23W 23 Watt triple STEM type, bulb burned out in a few months when on a pull chain. 6 7/8" or 17.4 CM tall, won't fit in many fixtures. Bulb is CSA & UL certified.
Sylvania (Osram) CF30EL is a 30 Watt SPIRAL. Is 4 7/8" or 12.4 CM tall which is nice & compact for such a bright light (claims to be 14% brighter than a 100 Watt incandescent bulb). Bulb is UL approved. Claims to be 2000 lumens in brightness at 3000° Kelvin. Life claim 6000 hours or 5 years warranty (3.3 hours per day). Made in China.
Pricemark (imported by OSL of Mississauga L5S 1S4) & manufactured by Chuan Shih Industrial Co. Ltd. , in CHUAN HUA, Taiwan. 20 Watt spiral but tall 5 3/16" or 13.2 CM (too large for some fixtures), red box bought at Home Depot I think for about $7., 10,000 hours, color temperature 3000°K. Bulb is not CSA certified, but is UL certified. This bulb burned out (stopped working) long before (several hundred hours) it's rated number of hours (10,000). Pricemark bulbs can be a safety hazard Here are pictures & comments from another user.
Pricemark (imported by OSL of Mississauga L5S 1S4) & manufactured by Chuan Shih Industrial Co. Ltd. , in CHUAN HUA, Taiwan. 23 Watt = 90 Watt, SPIRAL but tall 5 7/8" or 14.9 CM (too large for some fixtures), red box bought at Home Depot I think for about $7., 10,000 hours, manufacturer says color temperature is 3000°K but I measured 2700 Kelvin, ballast turns yellow with heat after awhile. Bulb is not CSA certified, but is UL certified. I had one burn out prematurely. Pricemark bulbs can be a safety hazard Here is what a Pricemark bulb looks like when it's gone up in smoke . Here are pictures & comments from another user.
Pur-lite by Pro-Image (TM) by Reusable Technology Inc. (USA) made in China. This is a 3-way (trilite) SPIRAL 20/11/26 Watt bulb for trilite fixtures purchased at Canadian Tire on sale for $21.99 CDN for a package of two (Pro-3000) ($11. per bulb) (regular price $24.99 CDN for 2). The manufacturer says the 20 Watts = 75 Watts incandescent or 1250 lumens (but it really uses 18 Watts), the 11 Watts = 50 Watts incandescent or 660 lumens (it really does use 11 Watts), the 26 Watts = 105 Watts incandescent or 1700 lumens (but it really uses 22 Watts & is less bright than claimed at the brightest setting). There is very little difference in brightness between the 20 & 26 Watt settings, probably because they are really 18 & 22 Watts. Note that unlike tradition 3-way (trilite) bulbs that have low/medium/high order settings, this one orders them medium/low/high, which I don't like as much. The package unfortunately comes with two bulbs each with a quite different colour temperature, so if you are buying bulbs for a pair of trilite fixtures in your bedroom or living room & you want the colour temperatures to match, you will have to buy two sets. The packaging says that one bulb is called "soft white" (model SS3-105-15) (with the silver coloured screw base) & is about 3000° Kelvin or about the same warm colour as a normal incandescent bulb (my measurement said 2900° Kelvin) & the other bulb they call "brite white" (model SU3-105-16) (gold coloured screw base) is more bluish/white & my measurement was 4000° Kelvin or what some florescent tube manufacturers might call "daylight" colour, although daylight color is actually 5600° Kelvin. The manufacturer claims this colour temperature of 4000° Kelvin (they call it "clear color technology") is better for reading & hobbies (I have my doubts). It's unfortunate that when colour coding the bulb base, the manufacturer didn't make the warmer "soft white" bulb use the warmer gold colour base. The bulbs are 5 3/4" or 14.6 CM tall which is taller than the incandescent 3-way bulb it replaces, but not nearly as tall as the Lights Of America 3-way bulb. You may have to buy a 1" taller harp for your fixture before this bulb will fit. I found that occasionally this bulb flickered dimly for some time after it was turned off & I've had 3 other people report similar flickering of Pur-lite bulbs after they are turned off. The bulb is UL certified but not CSA certified & manufacturer claims that it has an average life expectancy of 10,000 hours or 7 years if used 3.9 hours each day, but only warranties it for 1 year. I found that the soft white bulb burned out after 8 months of use at no more than 10 minutes use per day. Furthermore, while the bulb showed no visible signs of burning, the base was extremely hot after it had burned out, which I consider to be a safety hazard.
Pur-lite by Pro-Image (TM) by Reusable Technology Inc. (USA) made in China. This is a 15 Watt SPIRAL bulb purchased at Canadian Tire on sale for $14.99 CDN for a package of four (Pro-9000X) ($3.75 CDN per bulb) (regular price $17.99 CDN for 4). The bulbs are a mixture of two different colour temperatures of 2900°& 4000° Kelvin (see description above for 3-way bulb). The bulb is UL certified but not CSA certified & manufacturer claims that it has an average life expectancy of 10,000 hours or 7 years if used 3.9 hours each day, but only warranties it for 1 year. I have not personally bought & tried this model bulb, but others have provided user comments including pictures of a possible safety hazard for model SSX-070-00. I've had 3 other people report flickering of Pur-lite bulbs after they are turned off.
Lights Of America model 2213 LPF (328) 13 Watt FLOOD. I haven't used this bulb myself, but received the following safety hazard warning from another user & a picture.
Lights Of America model 2215-2VP, purchased in USA 15 Watt 4 U shaped STEMS which are taller than a standard incandescent bulb (this bulb is 5 1/16" or 12.8 CM base to tip) which may be too tall for some fixtures, good to -20°F (-29°C), 820 Lumens, 8000 hours, 6 year (based on 3.65 hours per day). Color temperature measured 2800° Kelvin. Bulb is CSA & UL certified.
Lights Of America model 2425-2VP, purchased in USA & says "made in U.S.A." California, 25 Watt SPIRAL bulb but very tall (5.75" or 14.7 CM base to tip)(won't fit in some fixtures), 1,600 lumens, 10,000 hours, 7 year bulb (based on average 3.9 hours per day). Color temperature measured 2600° Kelvin. Bulb is CSA certified, but not UL certified. I received the following safety hazard warnings & comments from other users.
Lights Of America model 2433, purchased in USA at Wal-Mart for $9.58 U.S. (about $13.80 CDN). 3 way (tri-lite) 13/23/32 Watt SPIRAL bulb for trilight fixtures. 13 Watts = 50 Watts incandescent or 800 lumens, 23 Watts = 100 Watts incandescent or 1450 lumens, 32 Watts = 150 Watts incandescent or 2600 lumens. 10,000 hours, made in the U.S.A. Minimum starting temperature 20° F or -7°C. Unfortunately this bulb was so extremely tall (6 7/8" or 17.5 CM) that it would not fit in the fixture without buying a 2" taller harp for the fixture. The incandescent 50/100/150 bulb that was in the fixture was 5" (12.7 CM) tall. Bulb is CSA certified, but not UL certified. Unfortunately this bulb stopped functioning less than 1 hour after installation.
Lights Of America model 2424, 25/60 Watts. I haven't used this bulb myself, but received the following safety hazard warning "We had two in one lamp...each 25w/60w. Their number was 2425 and they are both UL/CSA. Last night one of the bulbs started smoking really bad...gave off a horrible odour...smelled like a strong "skunk" smell. We caught it before a fire started, but the plastic base of the bulb had melted and the glass turned black. The other bulb in that lamp looks as though it will do the same thing soon...dark black where the glass meets the base. VERY SCARY! We can't figure out if these are bad bulbs or if it has something to do with the lamp. The lamp can take up to 60w in each socket.
IKEA 20 Watts I did not try this bulb but received the following safety hazard warning from another user. "Recently an IKEA 20 watt bulb burned out, got very hot, and started smoking (open recessed cans). I was worried about a fire hazard too. It only smoked and got very hot--I was concerned what might have happened if I hadn't seen it. Mark from Baltimore.
Feit Electric (Conserv-Energy, phone 1866-326-BULB) model CE18TM/D/6 (Costco U.S. item #238653 $9.99 for 6 bulbs Oct. 2010) 18 Watt SPIRAL (= to 75 Watts incandescent). Colour temperature is 5800°K (another part of box says 6500°K daylight which is rather bluish). Rated for 8,000 hours at 1170 lumens. Two year warranty. Operating range -23°C to 60°C (-10°F to 140°F). Height 4 5/8" or 11.7 CM which is rather tall. Comes on instantly. Made in China. Bulb is cULus certified. Uses lower amounts of mercury & lead than European RoHS (Reduction of Hazardous Substances) & ENERGY STAR standards.
First published May 3/2003, last updated November 9/2007.


text:
Antoine Benoit, né le  à Mende et mort le  à Pont-Saint-Esprit, est un prêtre et homme politique français.

Biographie

Il est curé de Pont-Saint-Esprit lorsqu'il est élu, le , représentant du clergé aux États généraux de 1789.

Voir aussi

Notes et références

Liens externes
 Fiche sur le site de l'Assemblée nationale

Naissance en décembre 1718
Naissance à Mende
Député français du tiers état en 1789-1791
Décès en octobre 1800
Décès à 81 ans
Décès à Pont-Saint-Esprit

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Standard family sized saloon Cars can comfortably and safely carry up to 4 passengers and 2 luggage and 2 Hand Luggage.
Exclusive E-Class, saloon Cars can comfortably and safely carry up to 4 passengers and 2 luggage and 2 Hand Luggage.
This is essentially the big brother of the MPV.A large number of luggage and passengers without compromising in comfort.
Minibus is suitable for carrying 10 passengers with 10 luggages and 10 handluggages.
Minibus is suitable for carrying 12 passengers with 12 luggages and 12 handluggages.
Minibus is suitable for carrying 13 passengers with 13 luggages and 13 handluggages.
Minibus is suitable for carrying 14 passengers with 14 luggages and 14 handluggages.
Minibus is suitable for carrying 15 passengers with 15 luggages and 15 handluggages.
Minibus is suitable for carrying 16 passengers with 16 luggages and 16 handluggages.
Exclusive Minibus is suitable for carrying 12 passengers with 12 luggages and 12 handluggages.
Exclusive Minibus can carrying 16 passengers with 12 luggages and 12 handluggages.
Copyright & Copy; Airports Transfers London.


text:
Буняковка () — село,
Говтвянский сельский совет,
Козельщинский район,
Полтавская область,
Украина.

Код КОАТУУ — 5322081602. Население по переписи 2001 года составляло 216 человек.

Географическое положение
Село Буняковка находится на левом берегу реки Голтва, которая через 3 км впадает в реку Псёл,
выше по течению на расстоянии в 2,5 км расположено село Дружба (Решетиловский район),
ниже по течению на расстоянии в 2,5 км расположено село Загребелье,
на противоположном берегу — село Голтва.
По селу протекает пересыхающий ручей с запрудой.

Примечания


You can find no more spiritual and magnificent setting to hold a wedding ceremony than the Hampstead Synagogue. The processional route down the central aisle of the synagogue leads to the chupa on the iconic red marble bimah.
The 1892 chamber has recently undergone an award-winning restoration. It features a number of lighting schemes, full disabled access and a hearing loop. We would be delighted to answer any questions you may have to make your special day one to remember forever.


chess etc have huge leaning possibilities that extend the 'funness'..
discuss this in terms of mechanics and mastery.
win; it has a smooth learning curve.
absolutely solid function for measuring game funness.


text:
Edo és la designació que reben un grup humà, una llengua i una regió de Nigèria. Altres grups de parla edo inclouen els esan, els afemai, els isoko, i els urhobo entre altres. També anomenats grup bini o benín, tot i que generalment se'ls coneix com a Edo. Són descendents dels fundadors de l'antic regne de Benín, situat a la zona sud/centre-occidental de Nigèria, anomenada actualment Estat d'Edo. El nom de Benín és una evolució del terme itsekhiri "Ubinu", que va entrar en ús durant el regnat de Oba Ewuare el Gran, cap a 1440. "Ubinu" s'utilitzava per descriure el centre reial administratiu, ciutat o capital apropiat del regne d'Edo. "Ubinu" va evolucionar més tard cap a "Bini". Als voltants de 1485, quan els portuguesos van començar les relacions comercials, el terme esdevindria "Benín".

Referències

Grups humans de Nigèria


موقع جيد - سيرا على الأقدام إلى الجندول قرية جبلية. فريق العمل ودود ومتعاون بالفعل. لا يوجد أعجبنا الفندق نفسه. كانت الغرفة متدهورة و والوضع مقرف أود أن مخلفات قطط . بالتأكيد لا دفع مبلغ 200 + ليلة هنا مرة أخرى.
مكان رائع للزيارة أثناء في كولورادو. أخذنا الجندول إلى أعلى الجبل من مشاهدة المناظر الجميلة. كان هذا خدمة مجانية. تناولنا الطعام في وتسوَّقنا villiage. توجد مطاعم رائعة المشي لمسافات طويلة ومسارات الدراجات.
We are interested in hiking Are there trails close to lodge?
Yes, there are many hikes right out the "back door" of the property. We will have a map available to you upon arrival.
Do you have availability for 8 or 9 women on April 12? We can share rooms but we prefer our own beds or a king size bed could work. We head to the Opus hut on April 13.
Are there humidifiers in the bedrooms? How about bath robes? Our group has booked a 4 bedroom condo. Thank you. Looking forward to our visit.
There are robes in each bathroom and humidifiers in each bedroom. If for some reason any of these don't seem to be present, please contact the front desk and we'll get it taken care of right away.
We plan to stay in a 3BR, 3BA condo with a loft. Can you tell me if the loft has stairs or a ladder or a spiral staircase? Also, is there a closet in the loft bedroom? Also, is there any privacy?
Travelgirl1251, The loft will either have stairs or a spiral staircase depending on the unit. In regards to the closet that also depends on the unit. Both of the bedrooms on the main floor with have a door but the loft itself does not but is still it's own separate space which provides some privacy. If you have any other questions or want to go over specific needs for your reservation please call the property direct at 970-369-5000 and we will more than happy to assist.
Hi, looking forward to our stay at the Mountain Lodge in January. Could you tell us what restaurants are closest to your location that also have a good selection of vegan/vegetarian options? Thanks!
deegeeNewYork, There are a few restaurant options located in the center of Mountain Village and more down in the town of Telluride. Most restaurants in the area will have either a vegan or vegetarian option but one of our favorites to recommend is 221 South Oak located in the town of Telluride. If you would like to give us a call our Concierge would be more than happy to go over restaurant options in the area to ensure you have the best experience when you come to Telluride.


Seven Oaks invites prospective families to come for an information meeting on Thursday, June 7, at 6:30pm. Dr. Shipp, the school's Headmaster, will give a presentation about the school and then answer any questions families may have. The meeting will be held in the Program Room of the Ellettsville Branch Library (600 W Temperance St, Ellettsville, IN 47429).


The Watertown and East Wilson Chamber of Commerce is featuring a special Business After Hours at the Watertown Library Thursday night September 27th, 2018 from 5:30 pm to 7 pm.
Robin Vance of Watertown's well-known Vance Law Office PLLC, started her time as an attorney late in life due to an authority figure discouraging her from going to college. But today her office has three full time employees and a full case load due to her own persistence and understanding that she "needed to throw myself in," as she says referring to her first introduction to the Watertown East Wilson County Chamber of Commerce.
extended their lines of inventory recently to accommodate the requests of the community.
Photorealistic painter Deena Dowd has created works for Joe Jackson, Michael Jackson's father, who asked to have a family portrait created on a beach. Deena took the job when others turned it down because they knew it would be a huge challenge. She met that challenge with flying colors and Joe even paid her for it. That's how good she is.
Dowd says, "There is no limit to what I can create. What I see I can paint, still-life, collectibles, portraits. I even painted a dream once. A client came to me with a dream his wife kept having of a flower in a window seal. I painted it with an Italian country side with rolling hills and Cyprus trees in the background and she said it was exactly like her dream."
Husband and wife team Pat Jackson and Donna Delmas are the talent behind the commercial and residential signs, film industry props, and production of gym floor graphics is what Sun Graphics is known for. They have made props for films such as hand lettered signage, paintings and a variety of objects.


Even as Ghana gains much acclamation from across the world for being a peaceful and marginally economic-centred nation, one may think the said accolade translates to the reality on the ground especially in the main economic city of Accra where a chunk of the nation's resources are gained.
Living in the Greater Accra region could be a dream come true for thousands of Ghanaians from the hinterlands.
In reality, this dream most often remains dashed when one comes to experience the hardships related to the Accra lifestyle.
Let's delve into the specific experiences you are bound to face here in Accra after leaving your family and friends in the hinterlands for greener pastures.
Just like any other economic city in the world, Accra remains one of the most difficult cities to live in as a Ghanaian.
To be frank, this is the city where you are bound to spend at least GH? 10.00 each day on a three square meal.
Just get to any food vendor in Accra and ask of the cost of a ball of kenkey or even a plate of rice, you would be shocked to know the price involved.
After your food, you may want to look at the very place you would be laying your head (shelter) when night falls – No one needs to tell you that cheapest single room self-contain you could manage during your stay here could cost you between GH? 250.00 – 500.00 cedis per month based on the location you are looking at.
And oh! we have not even come to transportation and utility bills yet. Truth be told, the only way by which you could escape some of these cost-threatening amenities is through "perching" with a friend or family member here in the city.
Coming to Accra as a jobless man or woman with the aim of landing a decent job is close to impossible.
In fact, you may just want to visit various bus stations and slums and ask those already here and they would be quiet frank with you – that it is virtually possible to land your dream job.
Over 70% of Ghana's university graduates are unemployed with over 50% already wildly searching for jobs in the great city of Accra.
The only way by which you could survive the unemployment climate in Accra is either starting your own job or landing the job before travelling over to the city.
For those of us already here in Accra, we well do know that the issue of security is never stable.
On your way to your daily activities in Accra, you could be hit by any other uncertainty from street thugs snatching your bags or belongings, armed robbers budging into your home to rob and kill, or even a mentally retarded person harming you to death.
As if that is not enough, should you escape all these unfortunate situations, you may be faced with the challenge of dealing with fraudsters, oh yes! They come in different shades from that poor looking lady at the bus-stop narrating how she lost all her belonging in a fortnight to that shady telephone call telling you of how you won a deal worth a billion dollars! Just be on your guard and call 191 should you need the police.
Just reading the first three experiences featured in the "Accra Living" no one should tell you Ghanaians in Accra are less hospitable. Well, considering your definition of hospitality, the benchmark for this revelation is the "Good Samaritan" kind of hospitality.
Everyone here in Accra is going through a challenge or two – from the pressure of having to pay high rent advances to the frustration of high utility bills and so on.
No one has the time to stop, say hi and even go the mile of lending a helping hand (It could only take a miracle!).
Accra is a city where everyone is thinking of himself and family not necessarily the problems of next door neighbours let alone strangers!
It is now a known fact that considering the population boom here in Accra, the issue of sanitation has become severely serious over the past years.
Talk of choked gutters, dusty roads, heaps of rubbish at public markets, littered streets, polluted water bodies…the list goes on and on! It is now a culture to throw rubbish and burn rubbish anywhere in Accra.
Why do you think the city records the highest cases of Cholera year in and year out not even talking about the dangerous floods whenever the city experiences torrential rains?


Ludwig Dairy's Whipped Cheese in a bucket 2.2lb (1000g) has a rating of 0 stars based on 0 reviews.
Planning on baking a cheesecake or making some crepes, pick up Ludwig Dairy's Whipped Cheese in a bucket (Trzykrotnie Mielony Ser)Ingredients: pasteurized milk, potassium sorbate, (mold inhibitor) cultures.
Polish twarog cheese (typically referred to as white cheese) is one of the most unique tasting cheeses in the world. Not quite a yellow brick cheese nor a cottage cheese, Ludwig Dairy's white cheese is a special type of farmer's cheese that has been perfected over generations in Poland and is finally available in the USA.


Pioneering champion and three times Guinness record holder Donald Spiderman Thomas, has overcome great adversity in the development of his healthy aging and athletic nutrition program. From bilateral knee disease and surgery to respiratory illness, he has conquered them with a winning attitude, fitness and nutrition program that is contagious. Born September 21, 1953, he exudes the energy that he promotes his New Jump Swing program will give the reader. In the highly competitive anti-aging, diet and fitness "Game of Thrones", he is the one with three dragons.


text:
Home News International (Page 354)
Somnath Bharti of AAP arrested for misbehaving with AIIMS security guards
New Delhi: AAP MLA Somnath Bharti arrested by Delhi Police for assaulting AIIMS security guards on Thursday. Earlier, FIR was registered against Bharti for allegedly misbehaving with security guards of AIIMS. The case was registered at Hauz Khas police station in the national
Tourism sector still largely unexplored: Jaitley
New Delhi: Given its geography and rich cultural diversity, India has every reason to attract many more tourists than it presently does, but the sector remains largely unexplored, Union Finance Minister Arun Jaitley said on Wednesday. "Given India's cultural diversity and its geography, tourism should have come as a natural activity to its people," Jaitley
Gurgaon builder booked for Rs 9-crore fraud
Gurgaon: Senior officials of Empathy Infrastructure & Engineering Private Limited and a few others have been booked on charges of cheating and fraud involving Rs 9 crore, the city police said on Wednesday. A case under the Indian Penal Code (IPC) sections relevant to hatching of conspiracy, cheating, fraud, and preparing and using fake papers
Rahul Gandhi to visit Mathura on Sep 26
Mathura: Congress vice president Rahul Gandhi's roadshow will enter Mathura on September 26 as part of his ongoing 'Deoria to Dilli kisan yatra'. The rally will pass through the major areas of Vrindavan and Mathura before converging into a general gathering at the Jubilee Park in the central part of the city. Gandhi and other
GST Council to hold first meeting tomorrow
New Delhi: The all powerful GST Council,which will decide on tax rates, exempted goods and threshold, will meet for the first time tomorrow as it races against time to iron out issues between Centre and states for rolling out the new indirect tax regime from April 1, 2017. The Goods and Services Tax (GST) Council
20-yr-old biotech student commits suicide
Kota (Raj): A 20-year-old student allegedly committed suicide by hanging herself from the ceiling fan of her room in Mahaveer Nagar area here, police said today. Lovely Gupta, a native of Gopalganj area in Bihar, committed suicide by hanging herself from the ceiling fan of her rented accommodation late last night, Sub Inspector (SI), Mahaveer
Railways to have functional autonomy, bear salary burden
New Delhi: Railways will no longer have topay annual dividends to the exchequer and maintain its functional autonomy after merger of Rail Budget with General Budget. Railways will bear the burden of 7th Pay Commission, besides the regular salary and pension payments for its present and ex-employees. At present, the wage bill of railways is
Home Secretary briefs Rajnath on Kashmir
New Delhi: Home Secretary Rajiv Mehrishi on Wednesday briefed Home Minister Rajnath Singh on the situation in Jammu and Kashmir, according to official sources. Mehrishi, who visited the state on Tuesday, gave his assessment of the situation in the Kashmir Valley as well as the border areas, days after a terror attack on an army
Doctors are most important component of society: Mukherjee
New Delhi: President Pranab Mukherjee on Wednesday said that doctors are the most important component of society as they carry the tremendous burden of providing healthcare to the needy. "Doctors are the most important component of the society, who have a tremendous burden on them to provide healthcare to the needy," said Mukherjee. Urging them
Man, who stabbed woman 22 times, sent to police custody
New Delhi: A Delhi court today sent a man topolice custody for four days for allegedly murdering a 21- year-old woman by stabbing her 22 times on a busy road here in front of hoards of onlookers. Metropolitan Magistrate Muneesh Garg remanded 34-year-old Surender Singh to police custody till September 25 after the cops produced
What exactly are you going to do on Uri attack: Sena asks PM
Mumbai: Dubbing Pakistan as a "shameless"country that would not be affected by any international condemnation, Shiv Sena today demanded "revenge" on the neighbour and sought to know what exactly Prime Minister Narendra Modi was going to do in response to the Uri attack. "While the PM says Pakistan will be taught a lesson and would
DCW recruitment case: Kejriwal named in FIR, lashes out at PM
New Delhi: Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwaltoday alleged that ACB has registered an FIR against him at the behest of Prime Minister Narendra Modi in connection with the "administrative and financial irregularities" in the functioning of the Delhi Commission for Women (DCW). The AAP chief also distributed copies of the FIR which named him along with
Arunachal CM reallocates portfolios
Itanagar: Arunachal Pradesh Chief Minister Pema Khandu has shuffled the portfolios of his ministers following the hop-skip-and-jump politics in the state last week. Khandu, who defected along with 42 legislators to the People's Party of Arunachal, an ally of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), also allocated portfolios to the newly inducted 26 Parliamentary Secretaries. According
Excise department employee arrested for accepting bribe
Kota (Raj): An excise department employee was today arrested by the sleuths of Anti-Corruption Bureau (ACB) for allegedly taking a bribe of Rs 2,000. Aamilal Meghwal (52), a native of Solana village in Jhunjhunu district of Rajasthan, was caught while accepting the bribe, Neeraj Gupta, Circle In charge (CI), ACB Baran said. The accused had
Principal booked for using fake documents to get job
Muzaffarnagar (UP): The principal of a government-aided college here was booked for getting the job allegedly on the basis of fake documents, police said today. A complaint was yesterday lodged against Harsh Kumar, principal of Janta Inter College in Lachera village here, for using forged educational documents to get the job, they said. During investigation,
Cabinet approves merging of Rail budget with Union Budget
New Delhi: In a major overhaul, the Cabinet today approved advancing presentation of the annual Budget by a month, scrapped over nine-decade old tradition of having a separate Railway Budget and removed classifications for expenditure to make the exercise simpler. With a view to get all the legislative approvals for the annual spending and tax
90-year-old widow raped in Kerala
Kollam (Kerala): In a shocking incident, a 90-year-old widow, who is a cancer patient, has been raped here in Kerala by a man who was armed with a knife, police said on Wednesday. The woman too told the media that the crime was committed by someone who knew the layout of her house. "The accused
Counter-infiltration operations along LoC continue
Srinagar: The two counter-infiltration operations along the Line of Control in Kashmir today entered the second day, the Army said here. "The operations along the LoC in Uri and Naugam sectors continue," an Army spokesman said. One soldier was killed yesterday as Army foiled two infiltration bids in Uri and Naugam sectors of
SC seeks Centre's reply on marine's bail plea
New Delhi: The Central government on Tuesday told the Supreme Court it has no objection on Italy's fresh plea seeking modification of bail conditions of marine Massimiliano Latorre to enable him remain in that country till an international tribunal decided which country had the right to try the case of killing of two Indian fishermen.
Liquor ban has totally failed in Bihar: Sushil
Patna: Senior BJP leader Sushil Kumar Modi on Tuesday claimed that the enforcement of liquor ban had totally failed in Bihar and blamed the Nitish Kumar government for lacking the will to do so despite enjoying support of the people and the opposition parties on the issue. "The liquor ban has totally failed in Bihar
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Sameera Reddy flaunts baby bump in underwater photoshoot
Love from fans makes me confident: Kangana Ranaut
Yami's experience as model helped her in 'Bala'
Anushka joins Kohli in England ahead of Afghanistan clash
Maharashtra's Politician Baba Siddiqui gave the Iftar party
Aishwarya turns into golden mermaid at Cannes
Priyanka, Nick Jonas go whimsical at MET Gala
Priyanka has a 'How I Met' Nick story for her kids
Sonam Bajwa and her incredible looks
Aqua Zumba session held at Radisson Blu
Amarinder Gill's movie "Chal Mera Putt" Trailer Released
'A Quiet Place' sequel starts rolling
Katrina oozes oomph in white swimsuit on 36th b'day
Think about unmade 'Spider-Man 4' all the time: Sam Raimi
Pooja Batra confirms marriage with Nawab Shah

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The (4-1) Lady Noles extended their him win streak last night against No. 11 Marquette. The Noles also gave the Golden Eagles their first loss of the season.
Janice Cayman, Tori Huster and Jessica Price all scored a goal last night in the win.
The Seminoles broke out to an early 1-0 lead on the first shot of the game thanks to Huster's second goal of the season. Off a Seminole throw-in, Huster redirected a deflection from Cayman inside the left post from seven yards out to give FSU the advantage in the eighth minute of play.
Both schools combined for six shots in the first half with the Seminoles limited to just two.
Florida State hits the road for a Sunday matinee in Birmingham, Ala., as the Noles take on UAB at 2:00 p.m. EST.
For highlights and interviews checkout our sports show Friday, Sept. 9 at 10 p.m. on FAMU TV 20.


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text:
import unittest
from math import hypot

__import__("sys").path[0:0] = ["mocodo"]
from mocodo.argument_parser import parsed_arguments
from mocodo.fitness import *
from mocodo.mcd import Mcd

class ArrangeBB(unittest.TestCase):

    def test_optimal_layout(self):
        clauses = """
            SCELERISQUE LOREM: blandit, elit, ligula
            EROS, 11 SCELERISQUE LOREM, 1N PELLENTESQUE IPSUM: metus, congue

            NIBH, 1N SCELERISQUE LOREM, 11 PELLENTESQUE IPSUM
            PELLENTESQUE IPSUM: tincidunt, bibendum, consequat, integer
        """.replace("  ", "")
        params = parsed_arguments()
        mcd = Mcd(clauses.split("\n"), params)
        params.update(mcd.get_layout_data())
        d = mcd.get_layout_data()
        evaluate = fitness(d["links"], d["multiplicity"], d["col_count"], d["row_count"])
        size = d["col_count"] * d["row_count"]
        (crossing_count, total_distances) = evaluate(list(range(size)))
        self.assertEqual(crossing_count, 0)
        self.assertEqual(total_distances, 0.0)

    def test_optimal_layout_with_reflexive_association(self):
        clauses = """
            Assistas, 01 Hci poilu, 0N Hci poilu
            Hci poilu: graffiti, champignon, troussa, graffiti
            Rayonnait, 0N Hci poilu, 0N Lappa: monobloc

            Brisa: souffrait
            Pillards, 0N Brisa, 0N Lappa, 0N Hci poilu: disions, lascar
            Lappa: graffiti, champignon
            Puni, 11 Lappa, 0N Lappa
        """.replace("  ", "")
        params = parsed_arguments()
        mcd = Mcd(clauses.split("\n"), params)
        params.update(mcd.get_layout_data())
        d = mcd.get_layout_data()
        evaluate = fitness(d["links"], d["multiplicity"], d["col_count"], d["row_count"])
        size = d["col_count"] * d["row_count"]
        (crossing_count, total_distances) = evaluate(list(range(size)))
        self.assertEqual(crossing_count, 0)
        self.assertEqual(total_distances, 0.0)

    def test_diagonal_reflexive_association(self):
        clauses = """
            Norm : Draw, Unit, Folk, Peer, Tour, Hall
            :

            :
            Baby, 1N Norm, 0N> Norm
        """.replace("  ", "")
        params = parsed_arguments()
        mcd = Mcd(clauses.split("\n"), params)
        params.update(mcd.get_layout_data())
        d = mcd.get_layout_data()
        evaluate = fitness(d["links"], d["multiplicity"], d["col_count"], d["row_count"])
        size = d["col_count"] * d["row_count"]
        (crossing_count, total_distances) = evaluate(list(range(size)))
        self.assertEqual(crossing_count, 0)
        self.assertEqual(round(total_distances, 4), 0.8284)

    def test_2_0_link(self):
        clauses = """
            CLIENT: Réf. client, Nom, Prénom, Adresse
            PASSER, 0N CLIENT, 11 COMMANDE
            :
            COMMANDE: Num commande, Date, Montant
        """.replace("  ", "")
        params = parsed_arguments()
        mcd = Mcd(clauses.split("\n"), params)
        params.update(mcd.get_layout_data())
        d = mcd.get_layout_data()
        evaluate = fitness(d["links"], d["multiplicity"], d["col_count"], d["row_count"])
        size = d["col_count"] * d["row_count"]
        (crossing_count, total_distances) = evaluate(list(range(size)))
        self.assertEqual(crossing_count, 0)
        self.assertEqual(total_distances, 1.0)

    def test_1_1_link(self):
        clauses = """
            CLIENT: Réf. client, Nom, Prénom, Adresse
            PASSER, 0N CLIENT, 11 COMMANDE

            COMMANDE: Num commande, Date, Montant
            :
        """.replace("  ", "")
        params = parsed_arguments()
        mcd = Mcd(clauses.split("\n"), params)
        params.update(mcd.get_layout_data())
        d = mcd.get_layout_data()
        evaluate = fitness(d["links"], d["multiplicity"], d["col_count"], d["row_count"])
        size = d["col_count"] * d["row_count"]
        (crossing_count, total_distances) = evaluate(list(range(size)))
        self.assertEqual(crossing_count, 0)
        self.assertEqual(total_distances, hypot(1, 1) - 1)

    def test_2_1_link(self):
        clauses = """
            :
            CLIENT: Réf. client, Nom, Prénom, Adresse
            PASSER, 0N CLIENT, 11 COMMANDE

            COMMANDE: Num commande, Date, Montant
            :
            :
        """.replace("  ", "")
        params = parsed_arguments()
        mcd = Mcd(clauses.split("\n"), params)
        params.update(mcd.get_layout_data())
        d = mcd.get_layout_data()
        evaluate = fitness(d["links"], d["multiplicity"], d["col_count"], d["row_count"])
        size = d["col_count"] * d["row_count"]
        (crossing_count, total_distances) = evaluate(list(range(size)))
        self.assertEqual(crossing_count, 0)
        self.assertEqual(total_distances, hypot(2, 1) - 1)

    def test_k33(self):
        clauses = """
            DIGNISSIM: nec sem, nunc, vulputate
            IMPERDIET: a praesent, nibh, semper
            TINCIDUNT: faucibus, orci, cursus

            RHONCUS, 1N DIGNISSIM, 1N IMPERDIET, 1N TINCIDUNT
            SODALES, 1N DIGNISSIM, 1N IMPERDIET, 1N TINCIDUNT
            QUIS ENIM, 1N DIGNISSIM, 1N IMPERDIET, 1N TINCIDUNT
        """.replace("  ", "")
        params = parsed_arguments()
        mcd = Mcd(clauses.split("\n"), params)
        params.update(mcd.get_layout_data())
        d = mcd.get_layout_data()
        evaluate = fitness(d["links"], d["multiplicity"], d["col_count"], d["row_count"])
        size = d["col_count"] * d["row_count"]
        (crossing_count, total_distances) = evaluate(list(range(size)))
        self.assertEqual(crossing_count, 9)

    def test_k33_better(self):
        clauses = """
            DIGNISSIM: nec sem, nunc, vulputate
            RHONCUS, 1N DIGNISSIM, 1N IMPERDIET, 1N TINCIDUNT
            IMPERDIET: a praesent, nibh, semper

            SODALES, 1N DIGNISSIM, 1N IMPERDIET, 1N TINCIDUNT
            TINCIDUNT: faucibus, orci, cursus
            QUIS ENIM, 1N DIGNISSIM, 1N IMPERDIET, 1N TINCIDUNT
        """.replace("  ", "")
        params = parsed_arguments()
        mcd = Mcd(clauses.split("\n"), params)
        params.update(mcd.get_layout_data())
        d = mcd.get_layout_data()
        evaluate = fitness(d["links"], d["multiplicity"], d["col_count"], d["row_count"])
        size = d["col_count"] * d["row_count"]
        (crossing_count, total_distances) = evaluate(list(range(size)))
        self.assertEqual(crossing_count, 3)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Happy Wednesday! What are you reading today?
Me? So excited to finally start reading this one. I didn't even watch the movie.
Perfect for fans of the Hunger Games and Maze Runner series, Divergent and its sequels, Insurgent and Allegiant—plus Four: A Divergent Collection, four stories told from the perspective of the character Tobias—are the gripping story of a dystopian world transformed by courage, self-sacrifice, and love. Fans of the Divergent movie will find the book packed with just as much emotional depth and exhilarating action as the film, all told in beautiful, rich language.
Have you read this already? What are you reading right now?
I just finished reading Divergent after seeing the movie twice. I read Insurgent before seeing the movie, but am rereading it before I go on to Allegiant. Then I will watch the final movie. I prefer reading the books before seeing the movie.
Me, too! I prefer reading the book before watching the movie. It just makes sense that way.
Thanks for stopping by, Bonita!


text:
Theatre artists march through Kolkata streets against CAA 2 hours ago
Kamal Nath floats awards for Ideas Of Change 2 hours ago
Union ministers' J&K visit to begin on Saturday 2 hours ago
India Inc rolls out red carpet for Bezos, BJP wants good stuff about India in WaPo (Lead) 2 hours ago
Now Dilip Ghosh calls anti-CAA intellectuals 'parasites' 2 hours ago
India's forex reserves inch up by $58 mn 2 hours ago
Mental illness won't be considered real ailment unless we remove all taboos associated with it
by Akshay Narang
(PC: stuff)
- Zoom in/out +
Today, that is, October 10 is observed as World Mental Health Day with the object of stressing upon global mental health education and spreading awareness and advocacy against viewing mental illness as a social stigma. It was first observed in the year 1992. This time around the theme of the World Mental Health Day is "Suicide Prevention". As per the World Health Organisation (WHO), "Every 40 seconds, someone loses their life to suicide." In fact, it is the predominant cause of death in the age group of 15-29 years.
The theme for the present year, that is, suicide prevention is of special importance to India. It must be noted that India accounts for around 25% of the suicides across the world every year. According to the WHO, more than 2.2 lakh lives are lost in India every due to suicides. The situation is even worse in case of women. As per the data from a 2016 study, suicide among Indian women accounted for 36.6% of all female suicides across the world. Suicide has emerged as the leading cause of death among women and teenage girls within the age group of 15-19 years. The number of suicides has surpassed maternal mortality as the principal cause of death among Indian women and gender neutral deaths taking place due to AIDS. This shows that mental health issues might be a greater public health risk than even those medical issues which have been traditionally seen as the most serious and deadly issues affecting public health.
It is not only the sheer number of suicides which has emerged as a major cause of concern. According to the WHO, 7.5 per cent of the Indian population suffers from some form of mental disorder. Therefore, a sizeable portion of the entire population is suffering from the issue of mental illness. India accounts for 15 per cent of the global mental, neurological and substance abuse disorder burden.
The situation is further aggravated by gap in treatment facilities. Over 70 per cent of those suffering from mental disorder are able to receive treatment. This therefore leaves a large proportion of total mental health patients deprived from treatment. The situation is only going to deteriorate from here and the WHO has predicted that by 2020, 20 per cent of India will suffer from mental illness. The medical infrastructure and human resource is grossly insufficient to deal with this emerging challenge. We have less than 4,000 mental health professionals for looking after crores of patients suffering from mental illness.
It is not only a deficiency in medical infrastructure and lack of mental health professionals that makes mental illness a major challenge. The social stigma surrounding mental health is a big issue too. In fact, it inhibits any attempt to spread awareness about this issue and setting up adequate infrastructure in order to tackle what can be described as almost a public health crisis. The society tends to look down upon those suffering from mental illness. Due to this reasons coupled with lack of awareness, those suffering from mental health issues tend to either ignore their ordeal or remain silent about it. Many a time, it can turn out to be fatal. In fact, according to the National Crime Records Bureau 2015 Report, 1280 out of the 3800 illness related suicides occurred on account of some kind of mental illness.
Our society has grown really conscious about physical health and ailments in the recent past. However, we have failed to accept that mental health is also a part of general human health just like physical health. Both these aspects of human health deserve equal attention.
Family, society and the government need to make a collective effort and highlight that there is nothing wrong about looking for medical help if someone suffers from depression or other mental health related illness. There is nothing unusual about it and is as normal as consulting a physician. The society doesn't have the right to look down upon such a person and in fact, it is the duty of the society to come out in aid of such an individual.
Efforts are being made to tackle this issue such as training of government teachers to take up the role of psychological counsellors or the Tamil Nadu government's initiative to approach the National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences (NIMHANS) for its services in order to combat the issue of rising number of suicides among the state's police officers. The National Mental Health Programme (NMHP). The Mental Health Care Act was passed in 2017. The Act seeks to provide for mental healthcare and services to persons dealing with mental illness. It also seeks to "protect, promote and fulfill the rights of such persons during delivery of mental healthcare." However, a lot still remains to be done in terms of establishing appropriate infrastructure, reaching out to the patients and most importantly dismantling the social taboo attached to mental illness and treatment that inhibits treatment of mental health issues.
Peaceful community pelts stones at a Durga Visarjan procession in Jehanabad, Bihar. Gets hit back!
"Attack. Talk. Hold on. Let's get them. No wait", China has never been this confused over India
Akshay Narang
Patriot, Political Analyst, Amateur Historian


text:
#region Copyright

#endregion

#region

using Autodesk.DesignScript.Runtime;
using Dynamo.Models;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using Dynamo.Nodes;
using Wosad.Steel.AISC.AISC360v10.Connections.Weld;
using System;
using Wosad.Steel.AISC;
using Wosad.Steel.AISC.Entities.Welds.Interfaces;

#endregion

namespace Steel.AISC.Connection
{

/// <summary>
///     Weld strength
///     Category:   Steel.AISC.Connection
/// </summary>
///

    public partial class Welded
    {
        /// <summary>
        ///    Calculates Weld strength
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="l_weld">  Weld length </param>
        /// <param name="WeldType">  Weld type </param>
        /// <param name="WeldLoadTypeId">  Type of load on weld  under consideration </param>
        /// <param name="t_weld">  Weld throat thickness </param>
        /// <param name="F_EXX">  Filler metal classification strength </param>
        /// <param name="A_nBase">  Area of base metal in a welded connection </param>
        /// <param name="F_y"> Base metal specified minimum yield stress </param>
        /// <param name="F_u"> Base metal tensile strength </param>
        /// <param name="theta">  Angle of loading for eccentric bolt or weld group </param>
        /// <param name="IgnoreBaseMetalChecks">  Indicates whether weld strength calculation should include base metal checks </param>
        /// <param name="Code"> Applicable version of code/standard</param>
        /// <returns name="phiR_n"> Strength of member or connection </returns>

        [MultiReturn(new[] { "phiR_n" })]
        public static Dictionary<string, object> WeldStrength(double l_weld, string WeldType, string WeldLoadTypeId, double t_weld, double F_EXX=70, double A_nBase = 0,
            double F_y = 36, double F_u = 58, double theta = 0, bool IgnoreBaseMetalChecks = false, string Code = "AISC360-10")
        {
            //Default values
            double phiR_n = 0;

            //Calculation logic:

            WeldType weldType;
            bool IsValidString = Enum.TryParse(WeldType, true, out weldType);
            if (IsValidString == true)
            {
                WeldLoadType weldLoadType;
                bool IsValidStringLoadType = Enum.TryParse(WeldLoadTypeId, true, out weldLoadType);
                if (IsValidStringLoadType == true)
                {
                    WeldFactory wf = new WeldFactory();
                    IWeld weld = wf.GetWeld(weldType, F_y, F_u, F_EXX, t_weld, A_nBase, l_weld);
                    phiR_n = weld.GetStrength(weldLoadType, theta, IgnoreBaseMetalChecks);
                }
                else
                {
                    throw new Exception("Weld strength calculation failed. Invalid weld load case (type) designation.");
                }

            }
            else
            {
                throw new Exception("Weld strength calculation failed. Invalid weld type designation.");
            }

            return new Dictionary<string, object>
            {
                { "phiR_n", phiR_n }

            };
        }

    }
}


text:
LIFETOOLS
LIFEWORDS
Living in the Flow of Life
10 Guidelines for Enlightenment
Find Your Zen in the Storm
Get even more!
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Angel Encounters
by : chik
Peggy Fitzpatrick
About 34 years ago, a neighbor who was our good friend died. A few months later, his wife and I and our children were visiting his grave. While Mary Ellen and I stood at Bobby's grave, our young children were running around, as children do when they are bored. My two oldest ones, who were 4 and 6 years old and Mary Ellen's two (about the same age) came screaming to us, looking very frightened. Their faces were pale as they reported that Scott, my 3 year old son had fallen into a big hole.
We ran to the location of a double-deep open grave which had been covered by a large piece of plywood. Apparently Scott had slipped in between the plywood and the edge of the grave and now was in a 6 to 7 foot hole which was very dark and scary to him. I heard his cries as we frantically removed the plywood so we could see him. His tear-stained little face was looking up at us as though he was pleading for help and luckily he did not appear to be hurt physically.
At the time, the rescue by the tall man in the dark suit was a mystery to us, and it was a good story to tell after the fright was over. Today, I know that the man was an angel sent to help.
As I comforted him with soothing words and my mind raced for a solution, I was inadvertently pushing dirt from the edge of the grave down upon my forlorn little son. I was frantic! I laid down on the ground on my stomach and told Mary Ellen to hold my feet so I could attempt to reach him, but my arms were far too short.
In those days, I was not savvy enough to remain calm for the sake of my child, so the more anxious I became, the more Scott cried. The other children were all frightened and Mary Ellen and I were too.
Just as we were looking around for help in the cemetery and seeing no one, not a person, or car, or anybody who was alive besides us, I realized one of us would have to drive somewhere to get some assistance. As we were discussing who would go, out of nowhere came a tall man in a dark business suit.
There had been no one in the cemetery just seconds before his appearance. He approached us, saying nothing, laid on his stomach on the ground, instructing us to hold his feet. He stretched his long arms down into the grave and lifted my son up to safety. As we were brushing the dirt off of Scott and I was hugging and kissing him, I looked around for the man. I wanted to help him brush off his fine suit, but above all to thank him for what he had done. He was nowhere in sight, no car had started or had even been seen, and the man disappeared as quickly as he had appeared. For those few minutes all attention had been on Scott, and none of us saw the man walk away or "disappear."
After we had all calmed down and started our trip back home, we marveled at what had happened and recalled that Scott's toy gun was still at the bottom of the grave. It had been forgotten during the rescue and now Scott was crying for his toy. We laughed at how shocked we imagined the mourners at that site would be when they saw the toy gun in the grave. Of course, we had replaced the plywood so another child would not have the same mishap. Many years later, Scott would get teased about his graveyard story as being one of a "very vivid imagination."
At the time, the rescue by the tall man in the dark suit was a mystery to us, and it was a good story to tell after the fright was over. Today, I know that the man was an angel sent to help. There is no doubt in my mind now that I have heard many stories from others who reported their angels appearing and quickly disappearing once the crisis was over. Our tall dark angel came out of nowhere and went back into nowhere after being now here long enough to lift up a frightened little boy out of a big dark hole into the safety of his mother's arms.
My son, Scott, will be 37 years old next month and has two children of his own. Two years ago, I sent him a gilded angel to hang over his bed. I guess he thought he was too old for such things, and each time I visited him last year, the angel sat on his desk. We had a tragedy in our family last February… Scott lost his 33 year old sister. When I came to visit him last September, the angel was suspended over his bed.
Packing Your Parachute
Avoiding Chairs
At the End of My Rope
All Are Significant
Limiting Beliefs and the Four-Minute Mile
Tantra Touch
Omharmonics
The Spiritual Laws of Money
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Warning: Cannot assign an empty string to a string offset in /home/living65/public_html/LIFEPOWER.com/wp-includes/class.wp-scripts.php on line 492


text:
'Clueless' Star Stacey Dash's Estranged Husband Says He Was Hypnotized Into Marrying Her
By Afouda Fortune
https://news.amomama.com/224286-clueless-star-stacey-dashs-estranged-hus.html
Amid their divorce proceedings, Hollywood actress Stacey Dash's estranged husband, Jeffrey Marty claims he was cajoled into marriage in a spiritual trance while demanding the annulment of their union.
Hollywood star Stacey Dash and her husband, Jeffrey Marty are in the middle of a dramatic divorce. Updates of their divorce proceedings showed that Marty, a lawyer, claimed to have been under a spiritual influence when he agreed to marry the actress.
This he stated in new court documents as part of their divorce petition. Marty also asked the judge to put an end to his and Dash's union.
Actress Stacey Dash at a "Celebration of Motherhood" luncheon with keynote speaker Mrs. Candy Carson, at Trump International Hotel in Washington, D.C., on Wednesday, May 16, 2018 | Photo: Getty Images
Marty claimed that Dash's pastor had pressured him into preparing for their wedding on short notice under the guise of "God's will." He mentioned that other clergies in the church had a hand in it, hijacking him through "hypnotic prayer techniques," after which he found himself getting hitched.
The "Getting Played" actress later filed for divorce a day after resolving the domestic violence issue.
Responding to his claims, Dash's publicist said that the actress knows nothing about his speculations and had no information about her husband facing any mental issues at the time of their wedding.
Nevertheless, Dash seems not to oppose the divorce decisions as she asked the judge not to waste further time in annulling their marriage.
Months before their marital woes came to its peak, the "Mo' Money" actress and her spouse were in the news over alleged domestic violence issues. At the time, Dash, 53, was arrested for being the aggressor.
However, Marty pressed no charges and even appeared in court on her behalf. The court statement obtained by People read:
"Ms. Dash's husband appeared in court today, September 30th, on her behalf, and Ms. Dash was released from the Land O' Lakes detention facility. No further legal action is pending."
Surprisingly, the "Getting Played" actress later filed for divorce a day after resolving the domestic violence issue. On Instagram, Dash shared an official statement to fans informing them of her divorce decision, writing:
My husband and I have made the hard decision of ending our marriage. After much prayer, I feel this is the right path for both of us. I wish him nothing but the best."
She concluded the candid write-up by demanding much-needed privacy and support and in the caption had religious hashtags such as "Love, Faith, Redeemed, Grace and Jesus."
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Dash, a Bronx native, started her Hollywood career as a child star who would often make appearances on "The Cosby Show," "The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air," and "St. Elsewhere."
As she grew older, she started taking adult roles and starred in movies like "Moving," "Enemy Territory," and "Renaissance Man," among others. Dash got her big break in 1995's "Clueless" and earned further acclaim when the hit comedy became a series.
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I was in Chicago a couple weekends ago, staying with past die-hard Meatwavers Lindsay and Brandon, and they asked how things have changed with the cookouts since moving to North Carolina. Mainly I think about how we've shifted the season to happen more during spring and fall rather than summer, have more vegetarians, and already have a regular crowd size that took many, many years to build up in New York. My wife had a different answer though, she sees me going more all out in Durham than I ever did before, and I never really stopped to consider that. Putting together this recap post though, it proves to be very true—where I used to try to get three or four new recipes out of a Meatwave, this one clocked in with eight dishes that I can share on the blog, and past events tell similar stories. So without further ado, I present to you the massive spread we had going on at this Chinese-inspired feast.
The Chinese theme was born out this wing recipe that was on my to-do list—General Tso's chicken wings. I worried that without the batter and frying, the crispy, crunchy part of the General Tso equation would be lost, but using the baking powder and air drying method to get crispy grilled wings didn't disappoint, creating a crunch that held up even after being tossed in that that wildly addictive savory, sweet, and spicy sauce.
Also on my wing list were these char siu wings, which presented a bit of a conundrum. The norm for anything made with sweet and earthy char siu sauce is to marinate it for a long time, but a marinade on wings will usually equate to flabby skin. I really wanted all the flavor with a crisp exterior though, so I waited until just the end of cooking to apply the sauce, which, thankfully, didn't result in any loss of char siu flavor on these excellent wings.
I figured if I was already putting together char siu sauce, why not make a ton of it and spread out the love. I also used the sauce on pork belly, which I smoked until completely tender and still juicy. I then sliced the belly and nestled the pieces into steamed buns and topped with quick pickles, fresh grated carrot, and a dollop of hoisin to make these super tasty pork belly buns.
I didn't want vegetarians to miss out on these fantastic little appetizers, so cooked up some char siu tofu to make a meatless version. Since the tofu acted like a sponge, soaking up more sauce than the pork, these were even more deeply flavored with that char siu magic.
I've become quite the scallion pancake cook over the past year and decided to share my new skills with the Meatwave crowd, as well as see how this quick bread fared on the grill. Luckily, all turned out great as these pancakes cooked up as crispy and flaky as could be over the hot coals.
I used a portion of those pancakes to make these scallion pancake beef rolls. Stuffed inside was thinly sliced short rib that was marinated in a savory sauce and then grilled, along with fresh cucumber, and a drizzle of hoisin. If you ever thought scallion pancakes can't get any better, then you haven't tried out these rolls yet.
As a quick side dish, I skewered a bunch of small bok choys, brushed them with sesame oil, and then quickly grilled them until they turned bright green and tender. I finished them with a soy-ginger-garlic sauce that added a nice bite and strong savory quality to the bok choy.
And last, but not least, on my new recipe list were these grilled Chinese eggplant coated in yu xiang sauce. I'm not usually a fan of what I consider to be mushy Chinese eggplant dishes, but the combo of a little more texture from the grill and the intense flavor of the spicy Szechuan yu xiang sauce made me a strong believer in these.
Next we have Kristin's strawberry-lychee punch. I was a bit worried about the weather, which reverted back to muggy summer conditions after a couple weeks of beautiful, crisp fall warmth prior to the event. This punch was the perfect way to beat the heat and feel both seasonal- and theme-appropriate.
And then for the most loved dessert of the day—almond cookies made by Lindsey. Everyone was telling me to get to some throughout the day, but I was waiting until I cooked and tried everything else before moving on to dessert. I feel like I would have been much happier though if I had been eating one of these sweet and buttery cookies between each savory item to maximize how many I was able to consume in one day.
A fell like this Meatwave also had a secondary theme—Neko! Neko seemed to be stealing hearts and working her way into photos with everyone, starting out rightfully here with daddy Gabe.
Neko got in here with Bryan and Jenny, after their first attempt with a photo with another adopted family member, Betty, failed.
And Neko makes another appearance with mommy Sarah and Evan.
Lindsey wins for having the best photo with Neko. We're accepting captions in the comments.
And lets not forget the other tots—Annabel, who clearly enjoyed her orange Italian ice.
And Alice, who never fails to pull the noodles from the garage at every Meatwave.
Yes, we had some adults show up too. Chris, Mary, and Josh take a photo just as good as any small tike.
I can't forget to give Leslie and Steve representation, who are on track for the perfect attendance record for the 2017 season.
Then, always ending the parade of awesome people (and pets), is Betty, who I'm sure is excited that there's still at least one more Meatwave left before we wrap things up for the year.


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