text:
Joint Pathology Center
Veterinary Pathology Services
Wednesday Slide Conference
CASE III: E 1246-14 (JPC 4102122).
Signalment: 24-year-old, intact female, polo pony (Equus ferus caballus).
History: Only little clinical history was provided. Recurring polypoid structures had been observed in the left nostril for seven years, especially growing during the spring and summer period. The polypoid structures had formerly been diagnosed as rhinosporidiosis seven years ago.
Gross Pathology: A tissue sample from the nasal mucosa fixed in formalin was submitted measuring 2.8 x 1.9 x 1.4 cm, containing two separate masses connected by a tissue bridge. The first mass measured 2.3 x 1.4 x 1.1 cm and the second mass was 1.9 x 1.9 x 1.2 cm in size. Both masses were partially ulcerated.
Laboratory results: None provided.
Microscopic Description: Nasal mucosa: There is a polypoid, multilobulated mass expanding the submucosa, formed by loosely fibrovascular tissue and covered by hyperplastic stratified squamous epithelium. Within the fibrovascular tissue, there is marked infiltration with lymphocytes, moderate numbers of viable and degenerated neutrophils and macrophages and fewer plasma cells. Randomly distributed throughout the mass are immature to mature, partially ruptured fungal sporangia ranging from 10 to 300 µm in diameter. The smaller round immature sporangia measure 10 to 60 µm in diameter, have a central nucleus and a prominent nucleolus surrounded by loose, basophilic granular material. Their unilamellar wall is up to 2 µm thick. The intermediate sporangia measuring 60 to 200 µm in diameter show a bilamellar wall and an accumulation of ovoid, immature endospores of up to 1 µm in diameter. Large mature sporangia also have a hyaline, bilamellar wall and the immature endospores are located closer to the sporangial wall whereas the 12 µm large, eosinophilic, globular mature endospores are located more centrally. Few of the sporangia are ruptured, showing a discharge of endospores into the surrounding tissue and a marked infiltration by neutrophils. The overlying hyperplastic epithelium shows multifocal keratinization and multifocal erosions with formation of serocellular crusts.
Adjacent to the mass the mucosa is lined by multifocally pseudostratified columnar epithelium and prominent seromucous glands.
Contributor's Morphologic Diagnosis: Nasal mucosa: Rhinitis, proliferative, lymphoplasmacytic and pyogranulomatous, chronic-active, focally-expansive, severe with epithelial hyperplasia and fungal sporangia consistent with Rhinosporidium seeberi.
Contributor's Comment: Rhinosporidum seeberi is a fungal-like organism causing the mucocutaneous disease rhinosporidiosis in humans and many different animal species, including mammalsand birds.3 Previously classified as a fungus, currently the agent is assigned to a new class of parasites the DRIP clade respectively the clade of the Mesomycetozoea.6 Rhinosporidiosis is endemic in different countries in Asia and Africa with high incidence in India, Sri Lanka and Argentina; however, the disease has been reported in about 70 different countries worldwide. The natural habitat of R. seeberi is most likely the ground water. Infection occurs primarily via the nasal cavity through penetration of infectious spores via superficial trauma in the epithelium. The disease seems to be infective but not infectious, although the life cycle and pathogenesis are not yet fully understood. In vitro cultivation is very challenging; so far, the agent's isolation from its habitat was not successful. 1
The typical clinical appearance of nasal or laryngeal rhinosporidiosis is single to multiple, granular, pink to red, pedunculated or sessile, polypoid growths (strawberry-like appearance).1,6 The masses are non-infiltrating, slow-growing and painless.5 Burgess et al.2 hypothesized that the organism has the ability to persist subclinically for long a time.
The histopathological appearance of rhinosporidiosis seems to be the same in animals as in humans. Histological differentials include Coccidioides immitis and Emmonsia parvum because of the size of the sporangia3; nevertheless, the identification of all different stages allows a reliable, histopathological diagnosis.1 A periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) reaction clarifies the thick, unilamellar, eosinophilic and PAS-positive wall of immature sporangia whereas the bilamellar wall of intermediate sporangia stains partially positive for PAS, the inner layer shows positive staining for Gomori methenamine silver.2 Endospores additionally stain positive with toluidine blue.
The treatment of choice is the complete surgical excision of the polypoid masses using electro-cautery. Recurrence is common, in which sessile polyps seem to recur more often than pedunculated polyps. Interestingly, rare cases of spontaneous regression have been reported.1
Rhinosporidiosis in animals and humans is an extremely rare disease in Europe6; the observed infections are mostly linked to former stays in endemic countries.4 Due to globalization and the growth of international trade with animals, Rhinosporidiosis could become an emerging disease in European countries.
JPC Diagnosis: Nasal mucosa: Rhinitis, proliferative, chronic, diffuse, moderate with numerous sporangia and endospores, polo pony, equine.
Conference Comment: This case demonstrates a classic example of nasal rhinosporidiosis in a horse. Participants described nodular lesions with overlying hyperplastic mucosa that contains variably sized sporangia and endospores in different stages of maturation surrounded by inflammation and fibrous connective tissue. The conference moderator and attendees discussed the staining patterns of sporangia and endospores. Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) highlights endospores, unilamellar walls of juvenile sporangia, and outer walls of mature sporangia and Gomori methenamine silver (GMS) indicates the inner wall of mature sporangia. 2, 4
Rhinosporidium seeberi exists in three forms in infective tissue. It develops as spherical sporangia (6-300 µm) which mature to develop a thick bilamellar wall. The nuclei undergo changes as well, maturing from uninucleate immature sporangia, undergoing nuclear division, and forming numerous uninucleate endospores (6-7 µm) characteristic of mature sporangia. Once the sporangium matures, the endospores are released through a break in the cell wall. Free spores consequently enlarge to form sporangia and continue the cycle in tissue. Grossly, rhinosporidiosis has a nodular, polypoid appearance with numerous pinpoint white foci on the surface representing larger spherules filled with sporangiospores. Systemic dissemination is rare and the disease is seldom fatal, but can cause complications due to obstruction of airways or bleeding. Sporangia generally incite a chronic granulomatous response, whereas free endospores incite an acute neutrophilic response. Eosinophils are rare. Multinucleated giant cells are often prominent around and within empty mature sporangia having entered through the break in the cyst wall. 3, 4, 8
There are very few differentials for Rhinosporidium seeberi due to their large size; they are the largest endosporulators, and characteristic location in the upper respiratory tract. Sporangia of Coccidiodes immitis, for example, are rarely larger than 80-200 µm. In addition, their endospores lack internal globular bodies and only their walls stain with fungal stains. Empty sporangia may resemble Blastomyces dermatitidis; however, there is no broad-based budding present, and the presence of mature sporangia with endospores is not characteristic of simple yeast. Another differential is Emmonsia parvum which has much thicker trilaminar adiaspore walls.4
Finally, a rarely seen condition that may be confused with Rhinosporidium seeberi is myospherulosis. Myospherulosis is a type of foreign-body reaction in which erythrocytes interact with an exogenous substance, usually ointments, or endogenous fat and form subcutaneous nodules composed of macrophages that have intracytoplasmic homogenous eosinophilic spherules. These structures stain negatively with PAS, but the intracytoplasmic spherules are positive for endogenous peroxidase identifying them as phagocytized erythrocytes.4, 9
Contributing Institution:
Department of Veterinary Pathology
http://www.vetmed.fu-berlin.de/en/einrichtungen/institute/we12/index.html
Arseculeratne SN. Recent advances in rhinosporidiosis and Rhinosporidium seeberi. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2002;20:119-131.
Burgess HJ, Lockerbie BP, Czerwinski S, Scott M. Equine laryngeal rhinosporidiosis in western Canada. J Vet Diagn Invest. 2012;24(4):777-780.
Caswell JL, Williams KJ. Respiratory system. In: Maxie MG, ed. Jubb, Kennedy, and Palmer's Pathology of Domestic Animals. Vol. 2. 6th ed. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2016:476, 579.
Chandler FW, Kaplan W, Ajello L. Histopathology of Mycotic Diseases. Chicago, IL: Year Book Medical Publishers, Inc.; 1980:109-111.
Kennedy FA, Buggage RR, Ajello L. Rhinosporidiosis: a description of an unprecedented outbreak in captive swans (Cygnus spp.) and a proposal for revision of the ontogenic nomenclature of Rhinosporidium seeberi. J Med Vet Mycol. 1995;33:157-165.
Leeming G, Hetzel U, Campbell T, Kipar A. Equine rhinosporidiosis: an exotic disease in the UK. Vet Rec. 2007;160:552-554.
Leeming G, Smith KC, Bestbier ME, Barrelet A, Kipar A. Equine rhinosporidiosis in United Kingdom. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007;13:1377-1379.
Lopez A, Martinson SA. Respiratory system, mediastinum, and pleurae. In: Zachary JF ed. Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease. 6th ed. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier; 490.
Mauldin EA, Peters-Kennedy J. Integumentary system. In: Maxie MG, ed. Jubb, Kennedy, and Palmer's Pathology of Domestic Animals. Vol. 1. 6th ed. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2016:560.
Nollet H, Vercauteren G, Martens A, Vanschandevijl K, Schauvliege S, Gasthuys F, Ducatelle R, Deprez P. Laryngeal rhinosporidiosis in a Belgian warmblood horse. Zoonoses Public Health. 2008;55:274-278.
3-1. Nasal polyp, horse.


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ČEHEL SOTŪN, ISFAHAN
ČEHEL SOTŪN, ISFAHAN, Safavid royal palace used for coronations and the reception of foreign embassies. It stands in the center of a large garden (formerly ca. 7 ha) extending between the Meydān-e Šāh and the Čahārbāḡ. The layout of these gardens, with three walks shaded by plane trees, dates from the period of Shah ʿAbbās I (996-1038/1588-1629). According to Engelbert Kaempfer (in Isfahan 1096-97/1684-85), "It is said that, in designing the Čahārbāḡ, he ruled the lines with his own hands—in that respect proving himself a legitimate and praiseworthy follower of Cyrus the Great, who, as one can read in Xenophon, considered the designing of gardens as a royal pursuit" (1712, p. 198; 1977, p. 226; Xenophon, however, is referring to Cyrus the younger).
The plan published by M. Ferrante (figs. 1, 6; cf. Figure 8) shows the main outlines of the structure in the time of Shah ʿAbbās II (1052-77/1642-66), who built it in 1057/1647, with a small pavilion (G) from the time of Shah ʿAbbās I, measuring only 57.80 × 37 m, as the nucleus. ʿAbbās II added the adjacent wing with the large ayvān (I1), two narrow side porticos on the north and south (S1 and S2), and a spacious tālār (columned porch) on the east with a rectangular pool (T1) in the center. To the east of the tālār, on the main axis of the building, is a long, narrow pool (115.50 x ca. 16 m), which helps to integrate the palace with the garden and extends it visually (Plate IX). Originally, according to Kaempfer (1712, p. 185; 1977, p. 214), there was also a pool on the west side, so that the building and garden formed a single continuous unit (for a plan of the garden, see Coste, pl. XLI). The four figural groups—maidens with lions—installed in the pool were originally in a palace of the early 13th/19th century, the Ḵalwat-e Sar-Pūšīda (private covered hall), built by Ḥājī Solṭān-Moḥammad Mīrzā Sayf-al-Dawla, a son of Fatḥ-ʿAlī Shah; it is no longer extant (Wilber, figs. 37, 38).
The discovery of two inscriptions in 1336 Š./1957 and 1343 Š./1964 have helped enormously to clarify the history of the palace: It was completed by Shah ʿAbbās II in 1057/1647. Renovations were carried out after a fire in 1119/1706, during the reign of Shah Solṭān Ḥosayn I (1105-35/1694-1722; Honarfar, pp. 566, 574). Jean Chardin (1681, pp. 70-71) and Kaempfer (1712, pp. 42-43; 1977, pp. 60-61) have described the splendid coronation of Shah Solaymān (1077-1105/1666-94), which was held in the Čehel Sotūn on 6 Šawwāl 1078/20 March 1668 at about 9:00 in the morning; he had already been crowned as Ṣafī II in the Tālār-e Ṭawīla (the portico of the stable) two years earlier, but misfortune had fallen upon him and his country. Jean-Baptiste Tavernier (pp. 212 ff.) also reported on several ceremonies in the Čehel Sotūn. In the Qajar period the palace was used for part of the time as a workshop for the tentmakers of Prince Ẓell-e Solṭān, as Jane Dieulafoy observed in 1298/1881 (pp. 244-46). Nevertheless ten years later the garden palace was again being used as originally intended; Ẓell-e Solṭān held daily audience there. Today the building serves as a museum.
The Čehel Sotūn marks a high point in the development of the type of Persian palace with columned halls, in which the influence of Achaemenid palace architecture (see APADĀNA), transmitted through popular wooden buildings, is still discernible. In addition to the Čehel Sotūn the ʿĀlī Qāpū and Āʾīna-ḵāna were also built in the Safavid period; the latter no longer survives but was still in use in the late Qajar period.
Architecture. The tālār (Plate IX; Dieulafoy, p. 247), with its eighteen multifaceted (octagonal, according to Kaempfer, 1712, p. 184; 1977, p. 213) wooden columns (13.05 m high), is similar to that of the ʿĀlī Qāpū, which is also attributed to Shah ʿAbbās II. In the 11th/17th century Chardin (1711, p. 75) described the columns as "turned and gilded," and Kaempfer mentioned that they were blue and gold like the columns in the tālār of the ʿĀlī Qāpū (pp. 181, 185; 1977, pp. 209, 210, 213). They rest on stone bases and have moqarnas (oversailing courses of small niche segments) capitals; lions are carved on the bases of four of the columns, those at the corners of the central pool. In 1133/1721, however, the Carmelite bishop Barnabas described "columns, the shafts of which must be of wood, but externally are altogether covered with small pieces of looking-glass like the whole porch. . ." (Blunt, p. 143; cf. ĀʾĪNA-KĀRĪ). This glass sheathing must have been added as part of the restoration in 1119/1706. In the 13th/19th century J. J. Morier (p. 164) spoke wonderingly of the tālār: "The first saloon is open towards the garden, and is supported by eighteen pillars, all inlaid with mirrors, and (as the glass is in much greater proportion than the wood) appearing indeed at a distance to be formed of glass only. The walls, which form its termination behind, are also covered with mirrors placed in such a variety of symmetrical positions, that the mass of structure appears to be of glass, and when new must have glittered with most magnificent splendour." R. Ker Porter also expounded on the splendors of the Čehel Sotūn, especially the tālār (I, p. 412): "The exhaustless profusion of the splendid materials reflected not merely their own golden or crystal lights on each other, but all the variegated colours of the garden; so that the whole surface seemed formed of polished silver and mother of pearl, set with precious stones." Some of this decoration had apparently already disappeared when Lord Curzon visited the building in 1892 (repr., p. 33 and fig. 247): "The outer row of these (columns) were originally covered with small facets of looking-glass, set diamond-wise in perpendicular bands, the inner rows with glass set in spirals" (cf. Höltzer, pp. 171-74: Dieulafoy, pp. 244-46 and fig. 247). The coffered ceiling of the tālār is ornamented in blue and gold. Large brocaded hangings were suspended from the roof of the portico as protection from the heat of the sun, and costly carpets covered the floors (Morier, pp. 165-66; Chardin, 1711, p. 76).
Two additional columns separate the tālār from the adjacent room with its raised throne recess. Kaempfer described the three levels of the palace: the lowest, the tālār, for guests of the shah; the second for the notables of the kingdom, with sofas for banqueting and a second pool; and the third, the palace proper, with an elegantly constructed ayvān containing the throne platform and surrounded by arched niches: "ceiling, columns, walls . . . and vaults—all surfaces have been decorated and painted by skillful hands, primarily in shades of blue highlighted with gold ornamentation" (1712, pp. 184-85; 1977, p. 213). Chardin, who was in Isfahan in 1077/1666-67 and 1083-88/1672-77, called the Čehel Sotūn (1711, pp. 74-75) "the largest and most sumptuous building in the entire royal palace . . . . The walls are faced to half their height with white marble, painted and gilded, and the rest is made from crystal frames in every color."
From the throne recess three small doors lead into the large rectangular banquet hall, which is roofed by three shallow cupolas between two transverse vaults, recalling Sasanian palace structures (e.g., Fīrūzābād), in contrast to the tālār, with its wooden columns and flat roof, which are reminiscent of Achaemenid architecture. The roof of the banquet hall is especially richly decorated with fine stucco work in low relief, painted with ornamental designs. The predominant colors are ultramarine, cobalt blue, scarlet, emerald green, and gold. It is possible that this domed ceiling dates from the time of Shah ʿAbbās I, in contrast to the brightly colored wall paintings, which belong to the periods of ʿAbbās II and the Qajars.
Four small rooms flank the banquet hall; they have been designated by Ferrante as P1-4.
Wall paintings. The walls of the banquet hall are divided into three zones, a dado up to about eye level, the main decorated zone immediately above it, and the upper zone. The most striking decorations in the hall are the large wall paintings in four niches in the upper zone, with scenes of court ceremonial and battle: Shah Ṭahmāsb I (930-84/1524-76) receiving Homāyūn from India (Plate X); Shah ʿAbbās I with Walī Moḥammad Khan, Uzbek ruler of Turkistan; Shah ʿAbbās II with the Uzbek ambassador; and the victory of Esmāʿīl I (907-30/1501-24) over the Uzbek Šaybānī Khan. This last painting is the only one of the four in which there is no discernible European influence. In the others such influence is clear from the use of single-point perspective, a receding landscape framed by a window (Plate IX), and plastic modeling of the faces. In these paintings, which were intended to glorify the Safavid rulers, the courtly world and its splendid pageantry, with large retinues, musicians, and dancing girls, predominate, just as they have been described by European travelers. The paintings fill less than half of the space in the niches in which they are set; below them are wall paintings of an entirely different kind, from the time of ʿAbbās I. They are either ornamental or, like those in rooms P3 and P4 (see below), represent animated landscapes (cf. the paintings in the ʿĀlī Qāpū in Isfahan and the palace at Tājābād, ca. 20 km from Naṭanz; Luschey-Schmeisser, 1983, p. 284, figs. 10, 11; idem, 1980, p. 198, figs. 53/2 and 53/4). In contrast, the niches in the center of the eastern and western walls are completely filled with two battle scenes painted in the Qajar period: on the east Nāder Shah's victory over the Mughal emperor Moḥammad of India (1152/1739) and on the west Shah Esmāʿīl's triumph over the Janissary aga at the battle of Čālderān (Zander, figs. 44-45).
A band of decoration separates the upper zone from the main zone below. The latter is filled with smaller wall paintings of courtly picnics alfresco, with relatively few figures. They correspond to those in room P4 but are perhaps not so early, dating from around the middle of the 11th/17th century. Many problems are still to be solved in connection with the decoration of the Čehel Sotūn. There must have been a dado faced with painted tiles, almost overwhelmed by the powerful paintings of the wall niches. In 1910 Friedrich Sarre (p. 92) wrote that, in both the Āʾīna-ḵāna and the Čehel Sotūn, the dados of the back rooms had been faced with tiles painted with representations of flowers and animals on a yellow ground; at that time they had already been largely destroyed. As an experiment, the antiquities service has placed a tiled scene of a picnic in a garden on the west wall; it is a copy, with some changes, of a large tile composition in the Victoria & Albert Museum, London (Survey of Persian Art, pl. 547). The distinctive interlocking of the upper corners of these garden scenes with the wall paintings is an argument in support of this choice.
During careful restorations sponsored by the Istituto Italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente, Rome (IsMEO), a surprising number of extraordinary wall paintings were discovered in the small flanking rooms, where they had been hidden under a coat of whitewash applied in the Qajar period. Only two niches, in P3 and P4, were decorated with landscapes, flowering trees, birds, and deer, while all the other surfaces in the upper zone of the wall were covered with large and small figural compositions. In room P4 banquet scenes are represented, with Shah ʿAbbās I and his retinue in the open air and in other courtly settings. The compositions and colors reflect those in contemporary miniature paintings, particularly those of Reżā ʿAbbāsī and his school. Similar wall paintings are to be found in the music room of the ʿĀlī Qāpū. In room P3 paintings of scenes from Persian poetry are preserved: Ḵosrow and Šīrīn and Yūsof and Zolayḵā (as at Nāʾīn; Luschey-Schmeisser, 1969, p. 184, pls. 70-72).
Large paintings also cover the walls of the two wooden-columned porticos at the ends of the banqueting hall. Floor-length windows in the northern and southern walls of the banqueting hall open onto these porticos. The wall paintings resemble those in the ʿĀlī Qāpū, with representations of Europeans. Also there are remains of a wall painting in the western ayvān.
R. Beny, Persia. Bridge of Turqoise, London, 1975.
W. Blunt and W. Swaan, Isfahan Pearl of Persia, London, 1966.
J. Chardin, Beschreibung der Krönung Soleimanni des dritten dieses Nahmens . . ., appended to a Ger. tr. of Jean Baptiste Tavernier's travels, Beschreibung der sechs Reiseṇ . . ., Geneva, 1681.
Idem, Voyages de monsieur le chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l'orient VIII, Amsterdam, 1711.
P. Coste, Monuments modernes de la Perse, Paris, 1867.
G. N. Curzon, Persia and the Persian Question II, London, 1892; repr. London, 1966.
J. Dieulafoy, La Perse, la Chaldée et la Susiane, Paris, 1887.
M. Ferrante, "Čihil Sutūn. Ētudes, relevés, restauration," in G. Zander, Travaux de restauration de monuments historiques en Iran, IsMEO Reports and Memoirs 6, Rome, 1968, pp. 293-322.
E. Flandin and P. Coste, Voyage en Perse. Perse moderne, 5 vols., Paris, 1843-54.
A. Godard, "Le palais des Čehel Sutūn," in Athār-é Īrān 2, pp. 116-20.
L. Golombek, "Čihil Sutūn," in Die Kunst des Islam, Propyläen Kunstgeschichte 4, Berlin, 1973, p. 352, pl. 341.
E. F. Grube, "Wallpaintings in the Seventeenth Century Monuments of Isfahan," in Studies on Isfahan II, Iranian Studies 7/3-4, 1974, pp. 511-22.
E. Höltzer, Persien vor 113 Jahren. Text und Bilder I. Esfahan, ed. and tr. M. Asemi, Tehran, 1976.
L. Honarfar, Ganjīna-ye āṯār-e tārīḵī-e Esfahān, Isfahan, 1344 Š./1965.
E. Kaempfer, Amoenitatum exoticarum . . ., Lemgoviae (Lemgo), 1712, pp. 42, 1821.
I. Luschey-Schmeisser, "Der Wand- und Dekkönigs 1684-85, ed. W. Hinz, Tübingen and Basel, 1977.
R. Ker Porter, Travels in Georgia. Persia . . . during the Years 1817, 1818, 1819 and 1820 I, London, 1821.
I. Luschey-Schmeisser, "Der Wand- und Dekkenschmuck eines safavidischen Palastes in Nāyīn," AMI, N.F. 2, 1969, pp. 183-92.
Idem, "Ein ornamentales Kachelfeld mit Pfauen," AMI 13, 1980, pp. 191-200.
Idem, "Nachleben und Wiederaufnahme achämenidischer Elemente in der späteren Kunst Irans," in H. Koch and D. N. MacKenzie, eds., Kunst, Kultur und Geschichte der Achämenidenzeit und ihr Fortleben, AMI Ergänzungsband 10, Berlin, 1983, pp. 267-88.
P. Mora, "La restauration des peintures murales de Čihil Sutūn," in G. Zander, Travaux de restauration de monuments historiques en Iran, IsMEO Reports and Memoirs 6, Rome, 1968, pp. 323-28.
J. Morier, A Journey through Persia, Armenia and Asia Minor in the Years 1808-1809, London, 1812.
A. U. Pope, Persian Architecture, London, 1965.
F. Sarre, Denkmäler persischer Baukunst, 2 vols., Berlin, 1901-10.
E. Sims, in E. J. Grube, "Wallpaintings in the Seventeenth Century Monuments of Isfahan," in Studies on Isfahan II, Iranian Studies 7/3-4, 1974, pp. 522-28.
J. B. Tavernier, Beschreibung der Sechs Reiseṇ . . ., Geneva, 1681.
D. N. Wilber, Persian Gardens and Garden Pavilions, Tokyo, 1962.
K. Würfel, Isfahan, Zurich, 1974.
Figure 8. Plan of the Čehel Sotūn (after Ferrante, fig. 1)
Plate IX. View of the tālār from the east (after Dieulafoy, p. 247)
Plate X. Detail of Shah Ṭahmāsb receiving Homāyūn, from the banquet hall (after Beny, pl. 241)
(Ingeborg Luschey-Schmeisser)
Vol. V, Fasc. 1-2, pp. 111-115
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text:
NBA Regular Season 2019-2020 | OT2 | Steph Curry's Manageable Load
Thread starter Tall4Life
Liquidsnake
I'm not going to post too much today. I'll just say this: Tonight's Lakers v Rockets game depends on the mood of the refs, and that sucks.
Lakers winning or losing depends on if the Refs are in the mood for watching a comedic actor who practices flailing in the mirror every night to master his craft of selling. Very sad.
Liquidsnake said:
Very true! Tremendous actor! Bad guy!
Tophat Jones
I WAS BANNED FOR MAKING A PERFECT FORUM POST
EvilChameleon
Cavs just landed in Chicago for tonight's game. Gonna be a bloodbath.
Are you all saying my posts resemble a Trump tweet in the way it's constructed
VeePs
Who is saying this?
itsamiracle
Clippers vs Lakers farm today
NineConsonants
SharkJohnson said:
I'm going to say it again: Bradley Beal is the biggest dumbass in sports. The man could've been on a playoff contender this year had he just demanded out and not signed that extension. Dude has started to become very, very bitter about his situation.
Beal is set to start earning $34 million and up a year. How is he the biggest dumbass in sports? At the end of the day, it's about getting paid. If you accomplish that, you've done the most important thing.
NineConsonants said:
Maybe the most important to you, and to him. And if that's what he values most, great for him. But he can't get frustrated with the situation if his biggest goal was to get paid.
Christian said:
Sure you can. People are multi-faceted. He made the most important choice in securing his wealth given that he has an injury history. He can still be frustrated with the team's performance because the Wizards sucking isn't some fundamental truth that he should acknowledge. At the end of the day, he's getting paid like he wants and he's on a team not doing well. He's fine even if he's annoyed by them not doing well. No point in calling somebody a dumbass for making several orders of magnitude than you make while being kinda frustrated with recent results.
NinjaScooter
Sure he can. He's well within his right to both get paid what he is worth and complain if the front office is not doing a good job of putting a good team around him. It's not an either/or (or at least shouldn't be) and positioning it as such only serves to let incompetently managed organizations off the hook.
NinjaScooter said:
Yes, because absolving a player for taking the big payday with an organization that has never been run competently is in no way letting him off the hook.
Of course, I misspoke. He absolutely can get frustrated. He can do whatever he wants, and with how much leverage players have in the modern NBA, he can force himself out of he's unhappy. So good on him. My point, actually, was more that he can't be surprised that this is happening in Washington, and it's my fault for expressing my thoughts so poorly. He definitely put his payday over playing for a competitive team, and he bears some of that responsibility. He's wasting years of his prime playing for a bottom feeder, and I'm sure he's crying himself to sleep at night on his piles of money.
I mean, I think the problem I have with this line of thinking is that it almost frames it as a player signing a contract that is commensurate to their market value (which is probably still underpaid thanks to the salary cap surpassing players worth) is a bad thing. Why should he need to be "absolved" for having the audacity to get paid what he is worth? That line of thinking only serves to reinforce what the owners of the league want fans to think: That players getting paid their worth is a bad thing. That team success and player financial wealth are mutually exclusive. He's not the GM. He's not the President. He's not the owner. Its not his responsibility to put fielding a competitive team over his own pay day.
I have to admit, I don't know the exact specifics of how much he stood to lose by not re-signing with the Wizards.
The thing is, you are framing it like he took that money from Washington over taking money from a successful, well run franchise. That's misleading. That was not the decision he was faced with. He was not a free agent. Because of the way the NBA is structured, because of how free agency and player control works, it was that or nothing. And it was designed that way intentionally, to both try and suppress player salaries, and to try and dissuade players from leaving the teams that drafted them. Sure he could have taken the risk and waited his contract out until free agency, but why should he? If he tore his knee or achilles in the next 12 months the same people clowning him now for taking his money would be clowning him for not securing the bag when he had the chance.
maxxpower
Just the "very sad" part.
maxxpower said:
Damn, it's true.
So you're saying he had no other options?
what other options did he have besides take the money or take the risk and wait a year or two for free agency?
My question was totally earnest. I love basketball, I love watching the game, but I'd be a total liar if I said I was familiar with the CBA, or the specific intricacies of how certain players forced themselves off of teams and got lucrative extensions at preferred trade destinations and things like that, or how much of a difference between a player's salary would be by staying with their draft team, versus opting to sign a contract elsewhere.
TheeFanatic
Since when does Palmdale considered L.A.?
Also, Juvy "Ha" music.. :nice:
Twstr709
Man the first time Pelicans are on ABC since 2009. This is pretty awesome.
phanphare
kawhi so smooth
Servbot24
GSW should have traded Draymond when they still had the chance
tophu
damn Lonzo
Darkwing-Buck


Christ Community music is blended in style. We sing both rich old hymns of the faith (often set to more modern tunes) and new songs all of which bring together profound doctrine and rich wording. Our worship team leaders consists of CCC volunteer musicians and vocalists that desire to use their gifts for God's glory and the church's good.


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JOHN NEWSOME
CD Store
Returning to the Place we Started....
I am hoping to share here some of the brief stories behind the songs on my latest release 'Returning to the Place We Started'.
How Loved Am I
Musical joy is a capo on the fifth fret. There is beauty in the small things of life. I am often challenged to be present and not miss out on the beauty around me. This song is a call out: to see how loved we really are.
Pretty Stars
I am fascinated by the stars. This vast sea of inky space is too elaborate and beautiful to pass off as a random event. This is the story of taking a leap into the beauty of faith, and the journey of letting go. This is where my faith story started…..
I wrote this after a holiday on the Great Ocean Road, where the Aire river meets the sea. The idea of the chords and words came to me on a solitary path 'down to the sea'. An ancient prophet called Zephaniah wrote of God who 'rejoices over us with singing'. I have always imagined what his unique song for us would sound like. This is my attempt to imagine one version of that song. His voice with his words pursuing my heart & mind.
Watertight
This song is an older one that I felt needed a new breathe of life. It's simple and fun. Written out of a "black dog" season. I am hoping it would be a song for those of us who struggle in emotional health or when life isn't playing along.
Forevermore
The details of this song are a true story: my wife and I, the train, the beach, the rain, the wedding day, the sweet family. When we first started dating, I would write her countless songs. Yet somewhere along the line I got complicated and subscribed to an ideology that you keep things universal. I felt it was time to break out of that and be true to our story. So this is a song of liberation and I totally love it. It is another way I return to the place where I started.
John would love to hear from you! If you have questions about his music, would like to book him for a function or event, or just want to chat, you are welcome to use the contact details below.
John Newsome Music ABN 61 391 844 068


Do you have questions about what the Catholic Church teaches?
In 1993 Blessed Pope John Paul II put forward the "Catechism of the Catholic Church" as the resource which contains the official teachings of the Catholic Church.
HERE is an excellent online presentation of the Catechism of the Catholic Church.


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Tag: zamalek
The Orwellian world of Egyptian football: state interference, fan-less clubs and unbridled passion
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The rise and fall of Amr Zaki, from Messi comparisons to Premier League bust-ups
There was a time when Amr Zaki was courted by the likes of Liverpool and Arsenal. Sadly, his time at the top ended as quickly as it began
How Egypt's Pharaohs arose from the abyss
When Egypt beat Tanzania 2-0 in June to qualify for the 2017 African Cup of Nations, it confirmed their first appearance at the tournament after failing to qualify for the last three…
Yousef Teclab 04/01/2017
A Tale of One City: Cairo
This feature is a part of A Tale of One City As his tiny chisel chipped away to create the first gap in the crumbling wall, Howard Carter breathed air that hadn't…
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The chaotic world of Al Ahly and their Ahlawy ultras
Al Ahly fans are used to success. In 2000, they received the highest honour from the Confederation of African Football by being named African Club of the Century, and who could argue with…
Matt Gault 10/05/2014


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Federal judges rule in favor of churches that held in-person services
Published 1:17 am Sunday, May 10, 2020
By TOM LATEK
Kentucky Today
FRANKFORT, Ky. (KT) – Two federal judges in separate cases issued orders Friday evening halting a ban on in-person church services contained in executive order issued by Gov. Andy Beshear due to the coronavirus pandemic.
At U.S. District Court in Frankfort, Judge Gregory Van Tatenhove issued a temporary restraining order sought by Tabernacle Baptist Church of Nicholasville.
The church had been conducting services on Facebook and by drive-in services, but maintained in their arguments, "Tabernacle has a sincerely-held religious belief that online services and drive-in services do not meet the Lord's requirement that the church meet together in person for corporate worship."
In his 13-page ruling, Van Tatenhove stated, "They want to freely exercise their deeply held religious belief about what it means to be a faithful Christian. For them, it is 'essential' that they do so. And they want to invoke the Constitution's protection on this point. But the governor, by executive order, has put a stop to that.
"He can do that, but he must have a compelling reason for using his authority to limit a citizen's right to freely exercise something we value greatly—the right of every American to follow their conscience on matters related to religion … Despite an honest motive, it does not appear at this preliminary stage that reason exists."
Van Tatenhove scheduled a teleconference on Monday for in-depth consideration of the constitutional issues involved.
Meanwhile, at U.S. District Court in Louisville, Judge David Hale had initially denied a similar temporary restraining order in a lawsuit filed by Maryville Baptist Church in Bullitt County. The church appealed to the U. S. Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals in Cincinnati, who granted in part an injunction pending appeal.Hale wrote Friday evening, "The Court finds that Plaintiffs have a substantial likelihood of success on the merits of their constitutional claims. The Court will, therefore, grant the remainder of Plaintiffs' motion for injunction pending appeal."
In reaction to the ruling, Attorney General David Cameron issued a statement in which he said:
"Two federal courts tonight issued orders, in two separate cases, against Governor Beshear's unconstitutional executive orders prohibiting religious services. Both rulings affirm that the law prohibits the government from treating houses of worship differently than secular activities during this pandemic.
"Freedom of religion, enshrined in the founding documents of our nation and our Commonwealth, has been affirmed many times over by our judiciary and was once again upheld tonight. The rulings should serve as a reminder that the pillars of our nation stand strong even in the midst of a crisis and are not to be ignored, cast aside, or downplayed, regardless of the circumstances.
"I encourage all houses of worship to prayerfully and carefully consider when it is the right time to resume in-person services consistent with health guidelines. Although these rulings protect the religious liberty of Kentuckians, we must continue to do our part to protect the health of our fellow citizens by reopening carefully."
Gov. Beshear's office has not yet responded to a request for comment.
Beshear sets requirements for in-person church gatherings
By ROBIN CORNETET Kentucky Today FRANKFORT, Ky. (KT) – Churches planning to resume in-person worship services on May 20 will... read more


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Movie Review: GUARDIANS OF THE GALAXY Vol. 2
DVD Review: SPLIT
Movie Review: FATE OF THE FURIOUS
Blu-ray Review: FANTASTIC BEASTS AND WHERE TO FIND THEM
Blu-ray Review; ROGUE ONE
Movie review: GHOST IN THE SHELL (2017)
DETAILS: 132 minutes, featurettes, deleted scenes, digital HD copy, DVD
AUDIO: English Dolby Atmos, English 5.1 DTS-HD MA, English 5.1 descriptive Audio, French 5.1 Dolby Digital, Spanish 5.1 DD
Subtitles: English SDH, French, Spanish, Portuguese
STUDIO: Warner Bros Pictures/ Heyday Films
Theatrical RELEASE DATE: 11-18-2016
Blu-ray/ DVD RELEASE DATE: 3-28-2017
In 1926, Newt Scamander (Eddie Redmayne) makes a brief stop in New York City (on his way to Arizona) where he meets Jacob Kowalski (a No-Maj which means American version of Muggle/ a person with no magic) and a series of events leads to some magical creatures to escape from Newt's magically expanded suitcase (which is bigger on the inside than the outside like a TARDIS). His path also crosses paths with Tina (Katherine Waterson), a demoted auror. Meanwhile, Percival Graves (Colin Farrell) searches for the host of a dangerous dark magical entity known as Obscurus with the help of the abused son of Mary Lou Barebone (a No-Maj who heads the Salem Philanthropic Society which believes witches and warlocks are real and dangerous). This is all set against the backdrop of a time where the wizard world is afraid of dark wizard Gellert Grindlewald who has been causing havoc across Europe.
FANTASTIC BEASTS AND WHERE TO FIND THEM is a movie with an original screenplay by J.K. Rowling as she uses the first of five planned movies to explore the history of the wizarding world before Harry Potter and Voldermort in a 19 year period from 1926 to 1945. She already has the second movie written which will probably be made soon given to how successful this movie has been at the box office so far. The movie has charm, humor, adventure, action, and danger. 1920s New York City is beautifully rendered through wonderful production and costume design aided with the help of special effects to show the full landscape of 1926 NYC and the magical creatures (and wand battles too). I have a feeling the five movies will be a little looser in overall story compared to the storyline arc of the Harry Potter series as FANTASTIC BEASTS is more focused on Newt Scamander with Grindelwald to take more of a center seat as the series goes on. Newt isn't a chosen one like Harry Potter. He is more of a well meaning goof where Harry is a boy who feels responsibility thrust onto him.
FANTASTIC BEASTS has some cute magical creatures including one called a Niffler that likes to get loose and steal anything shiny (like the funny bank sequence where Newt is trying to capture the thing again). The instant attraction between Queenie (Tina's sister) and Jacob Kowalski (a No-Maj played by Dan Fogler) is charming and somewhat tragic (knowing Jacob's mind will have to be erased of any experience of any knowledge of magical creatures and wizards at the end of the adventure). The first sequel is supposed to take place in the United kingdom and Europe which means Newt will have other adventures taking him elsewhere in quest to find other magical creatures he is trying to save from a world that don't understand these fantastic beasts. Newt Scamander is a magical Doctor Doolite while Tina is too by-the-books in her interpretation of magic laws that govern the wizards and creatures in North America. As a movie, FANTASTIC BEASTS AND WHERE TO FIND THEM is a good start to a new franchise which fantasy and Harry Potter fans will enjoy. There is also enough detail to examine with repeat viewings as many scenes has lots of eye candy and some scenes refer to a history that is being built on by J.K. Rowling. Go see it now and own it when it comes to Blu-ray and 4K.
A few featurettes are on the blu-ray disc:
BEFORE HARRY POTTER: A NEW ERA OF MAGIC BEGINS!- how the new film came together as this featurette takes us behind-the-scenes from development to casting to production
CHARACTERS featurettes:
THE MAGIZOOLOGIST- all about the lead character of Newt Scamander and the actor who plays him
THE GOLDSTEIN SISTERS- a featurette on Tina and Queenie with interviews from the actresses who play them and writer J.K. Rowling
THE NO-MAJ BAKER-
THE NEW SALEMERS featurettes reveals the hidden back story that they were once witches who have been breeding with No-Majs over the centuries to breed out magic
THE PRESIDENT AND THE AUROR-
CREATURES featurettes:
MEET THE FANTASTIC BEASTS, BOWTRUCKLE, DEMIGUISE, ERUMPENT, NIFFLER, OCCAMY, THUNDERBIRD reveal behind-the-scenes footage of how they filmed the actors with the CGI creatures while many actors and J.K. Rowling gush over some of the creatures (which are their favorites and J.K. Rowling reveals the origins of the magical beasts)
DESIGN featurettes-
SHAPING THE WORLD FO FANTASTIC BEASTS which focuses on production and costume design
NEW YORK CITY reveals how they built sets for 1920s New York City with grey screen walls to extend the sets in post via visual effects
MACUSA- a look at the set design for the headquarters of MACUSA
NEWT'S MAGICAL SUITCASE reveals how production artists had bigger design plans for the world inside Newt's suitcase before J.K. Rowling told them it was too expansive and that he wasn't a perfect wizard
THE SHAW BANQUET shows production designers using Liverpool to double for 1920s New York City
THE BLIND PIG- behind-the-scenes of the Blind Pig set and using motion capture for some of the characters
11 deleted scenes which are 15 minutes total and one cut scene shows Jacob's girlfriend break up with him since he didn't get the loan for the bakery
Also included in the package of this combo is the movie in standard definition on DVD and a code to stream and download a digital HD copy of FANTASTIC BEASTS AND WHERE TO FIND THEM.
FINAL ANALYSIS: FANTASTIC BEASTS AND WHERE TO FIND THEM is a good start to a prequel series, but I wish they combined the featurettes with a play all option or made it into a more comprehensive documentary.


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Visiting Lough Gur
For fans of ancient Ireland, Lough Gur is not to be missed. Deep in County Limerick, Ireland, this place is a true hidden gem and one of the most important archaeological sites in the whole country.
What Is There To See?
The visit lends itself to a full day excursion if you are going to take in both trails.
There are two main trails here which explore the archaeological remains.
The first one is a lovely 2km hill walk starting at the visitor centre with archaeological remains and places of legend along the way.
The second requires a car to get to nearby sites including two stunning hill forts and the largest stone circle in Ireland at Grange.
You can get either tour narrated by streaming an audio guide from this link.
The visitor centre (seen above) helps to put the monuments you will see in context. It has some lovely interactive displays for children, and breaks down the rich history of the area into easily digestible chunks.
Visitor centre GPS Co-ordinates are:
N52 31 316' W 00831.173'
A visit to the visitor centre will cost €5.00 per adult, €4.00 for Senior Ciizens, €3 per child over 6 years of age, Family Ticket €15.00. There is no charge for visiting any of the monuments.
Facilities at Lough Gur
The visitor centre sells hot and cold drinks and a small selection of sweets and bars. There are toilet facilities near the car park.
There is a picnic area in a beautiful spot at the lakeside near the visitor centre and car park. Families come here from Limerick to be out in nature for the day. If the weather is hot some will swim in the lake. There is ample free parking.
Above: Sculpture along the path of the 2 km hill walk.
How Old Is The Site?
Settlement around Lough Gur started during the stone age, around 4000 BC. By the bronze age, this was one of the most densely populated areas in ancient Ireland. Settlers, who were farmers and fishermen, were attracted by fertile soils and other plentiful natural resources such as fishing in the lake. There are in and around thirty ancient so called 'field monuments' here such as stone circles, standing stones, megalithic tombs, and cairns. The area continued to have a rich history into late medieval times.
The Spectacles (seen above) is an archaeological site with remains of early medieval houses and a medieval field system. From the air the remains look like a pair of spectacles- hence the name.
The Desmond Castle At Lough Gur
The Desmond Castle speaks of a different episode in Ireland's history. The Castle belonged to the powerful Anglo-Norman Fitzgerald family and was one of their top three seats.
Like all Anglo-Normans, the Fitzgeralds were loyal to the Crown. But by the 16th century this loyalty had worn thin. London was far away. Local interests and local loyalties often took precedence.
Gerald Fitzgerald, the 15th Earl of Desmond, gained fame and notoriety in an episode that took place at this Lough Gur castle when he openly wore the dress and robes that Irish chieftains wore at the time, thereby symbolically declaring his parting with the Crown.
He had been imprisoned in London, and had managed to escape in 1573- now he became part of the first Desmond rebellion against Elizabethan colonialisation which his relatives had started in his absence.
The castle is located only a short walk from the car park. Make sure to take a look. Unfortunately it is part of a working farm (It should be a National Monument we say!!!) and you can only look at it from over the fence.
Above: The Desmond Castle- unfortunately part of a working farm!
Lough Gur Connections
Another more recent piece of history associated with the area around Lough Gur is that American President John Fitzgerald Kennedy's grandfather came from here. The connection is honoured in a small local theatre performance at the 'Honey Fitz Theatre'. Apparently the man had a very sweet singing voice, hence the nick name Honey Fitz.
John and Gertrud Hunt who collected antiques and artwork and gifted their entire collection as well as a freshly restored Bunratty Castle and a vast estate turned into a heritage park at Craggaunowen to the Irish people, used to live in this area. Their collection is now on display in Limerick City at the Hunt Museum.
Door of the mysterious Desmond Castle.
There is a very special atmosphere at Lough Gur that we felt as soon as we arrived. For one thing, you are in a beautiful spot out in nature. But there is more to it than that. You can really feel the presence of ancient Ireland here.
With so many monuments in such a small area, prehistory becomes very tangible. For Irish history fans, this place is the 'bees knees'. A visit here rejuvenates and gets the imagination going. What might life have been like for people in ancient times?
Find Out More About This Site
Meet Ancient Ireland At Lough Gur
Read About Other Ancient Sites
Newgrange, County Meath
Bru Na Boinne, County Meath
Carrowmore, County Sligo
Carrowkeel, County Sligo
Our Special Tips
Because the area is quite spread out and exploring it involves being out in the open, you sort of need good weather really to make the best of a visit to Lough Gur. So, we say, think ahead to your visit, but don't fix the date. Be prepared, but be flexible. Then, on a fine morning, be ready to leave early and make a day of it.
Have your map of the sites at Lough Gur ready to go.
If you forget to download it, get a map from the visitor centre so you can find your way around the different sites. It's a great help!
Get your map of Lough Gur here.
Bring a picnic. There are only one or two places in the area where you can get food, and you don't want to be committed to looking for them. Instead, use the picnic facilities provided. Just buy in hot and cold drinks from the visitor centre.
If you have to prioritise sites due to a lack of time make sure to include Grange stone circle which is about 4 km from the visitor centre and easily found with the map you can get hold of there. Make sure also to take a gawk at the Desmond Castle which is very near the car park, and at the crannog which is only a five minute walk from there along the lakeshore.
Listen up if you are bringing kids: there are ducks in the lake so you might want to bring some (fresh!) bread to feed them!
We hope you found this page on Lough Gur both useful and informative! If you like what we do on this website, how about spreading the word to your friends? Simple use the social options at the top left or at the very bottom! Thanks a million and warmest regards from Colm and Susanna.
Return to 'Heritage Sites'


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Indiana's dismal maternal mortality rate increases
Even as legislators consider radical changes to maternal health, deaths continue to climb
By: Whitney Downard - September 28, 2022 7:00 am
Indiana's maternal mortality rate continues to climb, with a stark racial disparity that makes childbirth nearly twice as dangerous for Black women. (Getty Images)
Women giving birth in Indiana die at alarmingly high rates that only seem to be worsening, as detailed in the latest state report reviewing maternal mortality deaths in 2020.
In its third annual report, the Indiana Maternal Mortality Review Committee reported its highest pregnancy-associated death rate yet, with 117.1 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births in 2020.
Of the 92 deaths, 79% (73 deaths) were considered preventable.
The increase comes after a slight drop between 2018 and 2019, the first two years analyzed, from 77.2 to 74.2. Pregnancy-associated deaths include the death of any woman during pregnancy or one year after childbirth irrespective of cause.
In contrast, pregnancy-related deaths, due to a direct pregnancy complication, rose again in 2020. In 2018, the committee reported a maternal mortality rate of 12.2 deaths per 100,000 births, which grew to 18.6 deaths in 2019 and 22.9 deaths in 2020.
Deaths for Indiana's mothers continue to rise. (From the Indiana Maternal Mortality Review Committee 2022 Annual Report)
"These changes reflect the overall higher number of deaths in 2020 to women within one year of pregnancy or childbirth due to any cause. In addition, these rates indicate that the proportion and number of pregnancy-related deaths has been growing over the past three years," the report said.
Though Black Hoosiers make up only 10.2% of the population, they account for a greater portion of deaths, or 23.9%. White Hoosiers are 84.2% of the population and account for two-thirds of deaths, or 66.3%.
Maternal mortality rates for white women are 107.8 deaths per 100,000 live births, while Black women have a rate of 208.4 deaths, 93% higher than their counterparts.
To Rep. Vanessa Summers, a longtime maternal health advocate, the racial disparity discrepancy between white and Black Hoosier women was jarring but unsurprising.
"Ninety-two women who were either pregnant or who recently gave birth died in 2020, with Black women facing the highest rate of pregnancy-related deaths. That is 92 families grappling with the loss of a loved one and too many babies growing up without their mothers," Summers, D-Indianapolis, said in a statement. "We owe it to these families to find ways to prevent this tragedy from happening to other families."
Summers and other members of the interim study committee on Public Health, Behavioral Health and Human Services will formally receive and respond to the report on Tuesday.
As observed in the report, maternal mortality is frequently used to measure the overall health of a state or nation. The United States has one of the highest maternal mortality rates in the world, despite its wealth and resources. In America, Indiana has the third-highest maternal mortality rate, according to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
However, numbers and methodology between the Indiana review and the CDC review differed, since the federal agency relies almost entirely on death certificates while the state supplemented its review with other pertinent medical records and autopsies.
But the numbers are statistically insignificant, since it includes a relatively small number of women. Because of this, the report urged caution when interpreting ratios and may fluctuate wildly between years.
Report details population breakdown
The report detailed medical causes of death, including postpartum/peripartum cardiomyopathy, anxiety/ PTSD or amniotic fluid embolism. Those deaths disproportionately impacted Black woman, perhaps as a result of medical discrimination that impacts many Black mothers regardless of income.
In contrast, white women were more likely to die after childbirth due to a substance use disorder. Overdose deaths alone accounted for 30.4% of all deaths.
Of overdose deaths between 2018 and 2020, white women accounted for 88.4% of all deaths, despite being only 71.2% of all live births. Most, 84%, were between 20-34 years old and the majority, 73.9%, occurred more than 43 days after giving birth.
The most common cause of death for pregnancy-associated deaths in 2020 was overdoses. (From the Indiana Maternal Mortality Review Committee 2022 Annual Report)
Over the three years, mental health conditions (other than substance use disorders) definitely or probably contributed to 34% of pregnancy-associated deaths in Indiana, according to the report.
Combined with the finding that gravidity, or the number of times a woman has been pregnant regardless of outcome, had little impact on pregnancy-associated deaths, the committee recommended expanding targeted programs beyond first-time or recent mothers.
"Maternal mortality does not therefore affect only women during their first pregnancy or women with many previous pregnancies," the report said. "Programs that are made to promote maternal health and reduce maternal mortality should thus not be limited to women in their first pregnancy but should be targeted at all women who are pregnant, looking to become pregnant or recently postpartum."
Another healthcare shortcoming for Hoosier women was the low numbers of mothers who sought prenatal care early in their pregnancy, if they obtained care at all.
"Prenatal care is crucial to ensure that women have a healthy and safe pregnancy and childbirth experience," the report said. "By connecting with a prenatal care provider, pregnant women can monitor their health and become informed of steps they can take to protect their infant and themselves. Additionally, early prenatal care can identify high-risk pregnancies that may require a higher level of care."
But just half of women (50%) who died in 2020 accessed this vital care during the first trimester and another 15.2% received no prenatal care at all. The American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) recommends prenatal care visits start between 8-10 weeks.
For all live births, 69.3% of mothers accessed care, meaning inadequate prenatal care could be a contributing factor to maternal mortality in Indiana.
The reason women couldn't access care wasn't clear, the report said, but generally barriers include: unstable housing, incarceration, lack of reliable transportation and insurance challenges. For some women, an inflexible work schedule can prevent them from making these appointments.
If women follow the ACOG recommendations for prenatal care, they should average between 12 and 14 visits during the course of their pregnancy. But for Indiana's live births, mothers averaged just 9.5 prenatal visits, fewer than the recommended number.
Sixty-nine (75%) of the women who died had Medicaid coverage at the time of the death, higher than the 63.3% average across the three years analyzed.
"Over the last three years, the majority of pregnancy-associated deaths have been among women insured by Medicaid. Women with Medicaid insurance were less likely to have early prenatal care and had on average fewer appointments kept."
Will lawmakers act?
Though the legislature took the step to pass a near-total ban on abortion, the General Assembly previously seemed unwilling to act on maternal healthcare shortcomings in Indiana.
The Republican majority declined to pass pregnancy accommodations for mothers, despite the support of Gov. Eric Holcomb, citing business concerns. During the special session, lawmakers passed a $75 million social services expansion to curtail an expected 21% increase in maternal mortality, as projected by the University of Colorado Boulder. Critics panned the relatively small investment as "chump change."
Still, the report appealed to policy makers who control taxpayer dollars to use those monies to improve maternal health. Specific recommendations included: publicly funded childcare beginning at infancy, comprehensive sex education, universal access for long-acting reversible contraception, expanded Medicaid coverage and better access to public transportation/ vehicles modified for medical needs.
Both sex education and universal access to long-acting reversible contraception came up during the special session, but Republican legislators quashed those amendments.
The report did highlight areas of progress, including the January expansion of Indiana's Medicaid coverage for mothers up to a year postpartum and implementing an interpersonal violence screening at prenatal visits.
But other programs, such as My Healthy Baby, the OB navigator program and the Nurse-Family Partnership aren't available in all 92 counties. Indeed, 34 counties in Indiana don't have a hospital with inpatient delivery services.
Based on previous reports related to substance abuse and maternal mortality, the Family and Social Services Administration launched the Indiana Pregnancy PROMISE Program in 2021 with the aim to identify pregnant Medicaid beneficiaries using opioids and connect them to care coordination services. However, results of the program are not yet available.
The Indiana Department of Health declined to provide a statement on the report before publication.
"The (committee) determined an overwhelming majority of the pregnancy-associated deaths from 2020 were preventable and provided recommendations toward eliminating these. As the committee continues its work into the 2021 cohort, it is imperative that Indiana learns from these findings and looks for actionable steps to improve the health of Hoosiers," the report concluded.
'Chaos and Confusion': The Campaign to Stamp Out Ballot Drop… by Stateline, An Initiative Of The Pew Charitable Trusts November 3, 2022
Premature births on the rise in Indiana by Whitney Downard November 21, 2022


Every year in Bihar Board as strength of students increase subsequently result percentage is also constantly on a rise. The ratio of pass percent of girls is always greater than boys. Last year the overall pass percentage was 88%, of which girls secured 87% and boys secured 85%. Every year the Bihar Board announces the Higher Secondary (XIIth) Arts, Commerce and Science Result in the month of May. At first it declares the Science and Commerce stream result followed later by the Arts stream Result.


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El condado de Lee (en inglés: Lee County), fundado en 1873, es un condado del estado estadounidense de Arkansas. En el año 2000 tenía una población de 12 580 habitantes con una densidad poblacional de 8.07 personas por km². La sede del condado es Marianna.

Geografía
Según la Oficina del Censo, el condado tiene un área total de , de la cual  es tierra y  es agua.

Condados adyacentes
Condado de St. Francis (norte)
Condado de Crittenden (noreste)
Condado de Tunica (este)
Condado de Phillips (sur)
Condado de Monroe (oeste)

Ciudades y pueblos
Aubrey
Haynes
LaGrange
Marianna
Moro
Rondo

Principales carreteras
 U.S. Highway 79
 Carretera 1
 Carretera 78
 Carretera 121
 Carretera 131

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Condado de Lee (Arkansas)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


In merely 24 hours, Zero's first song Mere Naam Tu clocks 18 million views!
The recently released first song from Zero titled 'Mere Naam Tu' has clocked in more than 18 million views on YouTube within 24 hours upon its release. The song clocked more than 18 million views on YouTube and received the fastest 100K likes.
Featuring Shah Rukh Khan and Anushka Sharma, this song brings back the magic of Ajay-Atul's phenomenal music, Abhay Jodhpurkar's dreamy voice, Irshad Kamil's soulful lyrics. In the trailer, Shah Rukh is seen trying to woo Anushka Sharma, a scientist who moves around in a customised wheelchair. Katrina Kaif, on the other hand, is a ravishing superstar who loves the bottle and Bauua equally, it seems.
Born to a wealthy family and raised in an environment of affluence and indulgence, Bauua was never failed by Meerut or its people. But when he meets two women (Katrina Kaif, Anushka Sharma), his experiences with these women take him on a journey to complete his 'incompleteness' and broaden his horizons to find a purpose he never knew he had.
The Aanand L Rai directorial is undoubtedly one of the most anticipated and eagerly awaited films of the year. Showcasing Shah Rukh Khan in a never seen before avatar, 'Zero' has got cinema lovers across quarters excited. Zero presents the story of Bauua, a vertically challenged man essayed by Shah Rukh Khan. Set against the backdrop of Meerut, Zero presents a unique as well as rooted story.
Bringing back the super hit trio of Shah Rukh Khan, Katrina Kaif and Anushka Sharma, 'Zero' offers interesting performances with an unconventional storyline.
Red Chillies Entertainment and Colour Yellow Productions come together to bring ZERO, produced by Gauri Khan, starring Anushka Sharma, Katrina Kaif and Shah Rukh Khan, the Aanand L Rai directorial is all set to release on 21st December 2018.


The Indian government may allow Swedish furniture retailer IKEA to follow its global model and open stores with cafeterias that feature their signature meatballs. Commerce minister Anand Sharma said on Wednesday that the government has taken a favourable view of the matter.
Apparently, IKEA has a global business model and feels it ought not change it for anybody or any country.


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Jamaa Chnaik (* 28. Juli 1984) ist eine marokkanische Leichtathletin, die im Sprint sowie im  Weit- und Dreisprung an den Start geht.

Sportliche Laufbahn
Erste internationale Erfahrungen sammelte Jamaa Chnaik 2007 bei den Panarabischen Spielen in Kairo, bei denen sie mit 12,54 m den vierten Platz im Dreisprung belegte. Zwei Jahre später erreichte sie bei den Mittelmeerspielen in Pescara mit 5,89 m den sechsten Platz im Weitsprung, während sie mit 13,36 m im Dreisprung auf Rang sieben landete. Anschließend schied sie bei den Spielen der Frankophonie in Beirut im 100-Meter-Lauf mit 12,04 s in der ersten Runde aus, erreichte im Weitsprung mit einer Weite von 6,26 m Rang vier und gewann im Dreisprung mit 13,35 m die Silbermedaille hinter der Französin Vanessa Gladonne. Daraufhin nahm sie erstmals an den Arabischen Meisterschaften in Damaskus teil, bei denen sie in 11,74 s die Silbermedaille über 100 Meter hinter der Syrerin Munira Saleh errang. Zudem gewann sie im 200-Meter-Lauf in 25,05 s die Bronzemedaille hinter Saleh und Gulustan Mahmood aus dem Irak. Auch im Weitsprung gewann sie mit 5,80 m die Bronzemedaille hinter der Sudanesin Yamilé Aldama und Inas Mohamed Mansour aus Ägypten, während sie sich im Dreisprung mit 13,38 m nur der Sudanesin Aldama geschlagen geben musste. Zudem sicherte sie sich mit der marokkanischen 4-mal-100-Meter-Staffel in 47,98 s die Silbermedaille. 2010 gewann sie bei den Afrikameisterschaften in Nairobi mit 6,30 m die Bronzemedaille im Weitsprung hinter den Nigerianerinnen Blessing Okagbare und Comfort Onyali. Zudem landete sie im Dreisprung mit 13,38 m auf Rang sechs. Anschließend wurde sie beim Leichtathletik-Continentalcup in Split mit 5,78 m Achte im Weitsprung.

2011 belegte sie bei den Militärweltspielen in Rio de Janeiro mit einer Weite von 13,28 m Rang fünf im Dreisprung und wurde im Weitsprung mit 6,09 m Sechste. Anschließend gewann sie bei den Arabischen Meisterschaften in al-Ain mit 5,91 m die Silbermedaille im Weitsprung hinter der Algerierin Tahani Romaissa Belabiod und im Dreisprung gewann sie mit 12,66 m die Bronzemedaille hinter Baya Rahouli aus Algerien und der Ägypterin Enas Gharib. Es folgte der Gewinn der Bronzemedaille über 100 Meter in 12,08 s bei den Arabischen Spielen in Doha, bei denen sie auch im Weit- und Dreisprung mit 5,86 m bzw. 12,76 m Bronze gewann. Im Jahr darauf gewann sie bei den Afrikameisterschaften in Porto-Novo mit neuem Landesrekord von 13,75 m die Bronzemedaille im Dreisprung hinter der Uganderin Sarah Nambawa und Charlene Potgieter aus Südafrika. Zudem belegte sie im Weitsprung mit 6,07 m Rang fünf. 2013 erreichte sie bei den Mittelmeerspielen in Mersin mit 6,13 m Rang sechs im Weitsprung sowie mit 12,90 m Rang zehn im Dreisprung. Anschließend siegte sie bei den Islamic Solidarity Games in Palembang mit 5,95 m im Weitsprung und gewann mit 12,99 m die Silbermedaille im Dreisprung hinter der Aserbaidschanerin Yekaterina Sarıyeva. Im Jahr darauf klassierte sie sich bei den Afrikameisterschaften in Marrakesch mit 12,83 m auf Rang sieben im Dreisprung, während sie im Weitsprung mit 5,85 m auf Rang zehn kam. 2015 siegte sie mit 13,51 m im Dreisprung bei den Arabischen Meisterschaften in Manama und gewann im Weitsprung mit 6,05 m die Silbermedaille hinter der Algerierin Romaissa Belabiod.

In den folgenden zwei Jahren bestritt sie keine internationalen Wettkämpfe, siegte 2018 aber wieder bei den Marokkanischen Meisterschaften in Kenitra. 2019 gewann sie bei den Arabischen Meisterschaften in Kairo mit 5,86 m die Bronzemedaille im Weitsprung hinter der Ägypterin Esraa Owis und ihrer Landsfrau Yousra Lajdoud. Im August gewann sie bei ihren ersten Afrikaspielen in Rabat mit 13,69 m die Silbermedaille im Dreisprung hinter der Nigerianerin Grace Anigbata und erreichte im Weitsprung mit 5,69 m Rang 15.

Von 2009 bis 2011 wurde Chnaik marokkanische Meisterin im 100-Meter-Lauf sowie 2010 auch über 200 Meter. Im Weitsprung sicherte sie sich die Meistertitel von 2009 bis 2011 sowie von 2013 bis 2015 und 2018 und 2019. Im Dreisprung siegte sie 2007 sowie 2009 und 2010 sowie 2014 und 2015 sowie 2018 und 2019.

Persönliche Bestleistungen
 100 Meter: 11,63 s (−0,3 m/s), 6. Juni 2010 in Rabat
 200 Meter: 23,68 s, 22. Mai 2010 in Marrakesch
 Weitsprung: 6,53 m (+1,2 m/s), 1. Mai 2010 in Meknès (marokkanischer Rekord)
 Dreisprung: 13,75 m (+2,0 m/s), 1. Juli 2012 in Porto-Novo (marokkanischer Rekord)

Weblinks

100-Meter-Läufer (Marokko)
200-Meter-Läufer (Marokko)
4-mal-100-Meter-Staffel-Läufer (Marokko)
Weitspringer (Marokko)
Dreispringer (Marokko)
Teilnehmer an den Afrikaspielen (Marokko)
Marokkanischer Meister (Leichtathletik)
Marokkaner
Frau
Geboren 1984
Teilnehmer an den Islamic Solidarity Games
Sieger bei den Islamic Solidarity Games (Weitsprung)


text:
Name Index Fenelle W. ENGLAND was born on 1 February 1892 in Laredo, Grundy, Missouri. She died on 22 April 1950 at the age of 58 in Chillicothe Hospital, Livingston, Missouri. She was buried on 25 April 1950 in Edgewood Cemetery, Livingston, Missouri. Parents: James Thomas "Tom" ENGLAND and Louisa Mathilda WITTICH.
Spouse: Lewis Elmer MCDONNAL. Fenelle W. ENGLAND and Lewis Elmer MCDONNAL were married on 8 December 1935 in Chillicothe, Livingston, Missouri.
Francis D. ENGLAND was born about 1909 in Chillicothe, Livingston, Missouri. Parents: James D. ENGLAND and Rosa BUNNELL.
Frank E. ENGLAND was born in April 1891 in Missouri. Parents: Peter M. ENGLAND and Mary Jane MCLAUGHLIN.
George Carl ENGLAND was born on 23 January 1893 in Bethany, Harrison, Missouri. He died on 11 April 1970 at the age of 77 in Geary, Blaine, Oklahoma.
Spouse: Hazel WELKER. Hazel WELKER and George Carl ENGLAND were married. Children were: Malcolm Linton ENGLAND.
George Washington ENGLAND was born on 15 September 1853 in Ohio. He died on 24 January 1940 at the age of 86 in Jackson Twp., Livingston, Missouri. He died at home, 1 1/4 mile east of Springhill. He had lived at that location for sixty years. He was buried on 27 January 1940 in Edgewood Cemetery, Livingston, Missouri. Parents: John ENGLAND and Louisa "Lucy" . Parents: John ENGLAND and Sarah VARNER.
Spouse: unknown . Unknown and George Washington ENGLAND were married. Children were: Manzal Lawrence ENGLAND, Ray ENGLAND, Bessie Elmo ENGLAND.
Spouse: Maxine Gertrude "Mollie" LEMON. Maxine Gertrude "Mollie" LEMON and George Washington ENGLAND were married on 8 October 1893 in Utica, Livingston, Missouri. The bride was of Utica, the groom of Chillicothe. Children were: Goldie ENGLAND, Ralph H. ENGLAND, Osie ENGLAND.
Goldie ENGLAND was born (date unknown). Parents: George Washington ENGLAND and Maxine Gertrude "Mollie" LEMON.
Harriett "Hattie" ENGLAND was born on 12 December 1856 in Daviess Co., Missouri. She died on 24 April 1914 at the age of 57 in Pattonsburg, Daviess, Missouri. She was buried on 25 April 1914 in Pattonsburg, Daviess, Missouri. She identified her occupation as "Weaver" in 1900. Parents: William ENGLAND and Mary DEDRICK.
Spouse: George William MORRIS. Harriett "Hattie" ENGLAND and George William MORRIS were married on 3 February 1884 in Daviess Co., Missouri. George and Hattie had five children. Children were: Junia MORRIS, Meredith MORRIS, Clara MORRIS, Clyde Heath "Pete" MORRIS, Leston MORRIS.
Ida May ENGLAND was born on 22 December 1867 in Belington, Barbour, West Virginia. She died on 31 December 1958 at the age of 91 in Cream Ridge Twp., Livingston, Missouri. She was buried on 3 January 1959 in Plainview Cemetery, Livingston, Missouri. Parents: Albert ENGLAND and Osa SKIDMORE.
Spouse: Richard Dowell BURCHETT. Ida May ENGLAND and Richard Dowell BURCHETT were married on 13 September 1884. Children were: Roscoe Conklin BURCHETT, Grover BURCHETT, Esther Viola BURCHETT, Madge Ann BURCHETT, Margaret BURCHETT, Opal Bernice BURCHETT, Bernetta BURCHETT.
Ila Faye ENGLAND was born about 1907 in Missouri. Parents: John Benjamin ENGLAND and Lovey Jane MCCLURE.
Spouse: LANDEN. Ila Faye ENGLAND and LANDEN were married. Children were: Jack LANDEN, Donald LANDEN.
infant ENGLAND died in October 1907 in Brookfield, Linn, Missouri. He/she was buried on 23 October 1907 in Rose Hill Cemetery, Caldwell, Missouri. Parents: William ENGLAND and Nina Leora WILSON.
Irma ENGLAND was born (date unknown). Parents: Manzal Lawrence ENGLAND and Vernia May BATE.
Spouse: BAKER. Irma ENGLAND and BAKER were married.
Spouse: ELLIOTT. Irma ENGLAND and ELLIOTT were married.
James D. ENGLAND was born on 13 December 1879 in Sampsel Twp, Livingston, Missouri. He was buried in Curtis Cemetery, Livingston, Missouri. His mother is identified as Sarah E., age 81, living in Chillicothe in 1910. Parents: Benjamin E. ENGLAND and Martha Almira "Mira" MATHEWS.
Spouse: Rosa BUNNELL. Rosa BUNNELL and James D. ENGLAND were married on 25 February 1900 in Livingston Co., Missouri. Bride and groom were of Chillicothe. Children were: Alyce ENGLAND, Ruth ENGLAND, Naomi ENGLAND, Dorothy F. ENGLAND, William R. ENGLAND, Francis D. ENGLAND.
James H. ENGLAND was born (date unknown).
Spouse: Mary "Polly" CROWDER. Mary "Polly" CROWDER and James H. ENGLAND were married on 24 October 1844 in Andrew County, Missouri. Children were: Susannah ENGLAND.
James M. ENGLAND was born about 1812 in Virginia. He died on 29 December 1886 at the age of 74 in Chillicothe, Livingston, Missouri. He was a carpenter.
Spouse: Nancy Elizabeth CAMPBELL. Nancy Elizabeth CAMPBELL and James M. ENGLAND were married. Children were: Socrates "Soc" ENGLAND, William ENGLAND, Mary ENGLAND, John ENGLAND.
James Thomas "Tom" ENGLAND was born on 23 December 1861 in Trenton, Grundy, Missouri. He died on 28 March 1933 at the age of 71 in Chillicothe, Livingston, Missouri. He was buried on 30 March 1933 in Edgewood Cemetery, Livingston, Missouri. In 1920 he was a Chillicothe merchant, selling groceries and meat. Parents: Socrates "Soc" ENGLAND and Elizabeth Ann SMITH.
Spouse: Louisa Mathilda WITTICH. Louisa Mathilda WITTICH and James Thomas "Tom" ENGLAND were married on 8 May 1887 in Chillicothe, Livingston, Missouri. Bride and groom were of Chillicothe. Children were: Walter Bernell ENGLAND, Marvin Thomas ENGLAND, Fenelle W. ENGLAND.
Janet Lee ENGLAND was born on 27 September 1952 in Chillicothe, Livingston, Missouri. She died on 12 May 1969 at the age of 16 in Chillicothe, Livingston, Missouri. She was buried in Avalon Cemetery, Livingston, Missouri. Parents: Stanley Lee ENGLAND and Louetta Mae "Lou" BISWELL.
Jimmie Don ENGLAND was born (date unknown). Parents: Ralph Edward ENGLAND and Anna Mae STEELE.
John ENGLAND was born in Pennsylvania.
Spouse: Sarah VARNER. Sarah VARNER and John ENGLAND were married. Children were: George Washington ENGLAND.
John ENGLAND was born (date unknown).
Spouse: Serilda . Serilda and John ENGLAND were married. Children were: Serilda ENGLAND.
John ENGLAND was born about 1819 in North Carolina. He died on 23 March 1892 at the age of 73. He was buried in Edgewood Cemetery, Livingston, Missouri.
Spouse: Louisa "Lucy" . Louisa "Lucy" and John ENGLAND were married. Children were: Christopher Columbus ENGLAND, William ENGLAND, Benjamin E. ENGLAND, George Washington ENGLAND, Mary Ellen ENGLAND, Lenora ENGLAND.
John ENGLAND was born about 1858 in Missouri. Parents: James M. ENGLAND and Nancy Elizabeth CAMPBELL.
John Benjamin ENGLAND was born on 23 February 1873 in Livingston Co., Missouri. He died on 30 April 1954 at the age of 81 in Harrison Twp., Daviess, Missouri. He died at his home five miles northwest of Mooresville. He had lived there about fifty years. He was buried on 2 May 1954 in Rose Hill Cemetery, Caldwell, Missouri. He farmed north of Breckenridge in Daviess Co. Parents: Benjamin E. ENGLAND and Martha Almira "Mira" MATHEWS.
Spouse: Lovey Jane MCCLURE. Lovey Jane MCCLURE and John Benjamin ENGLAND were married on 26 October 1905 in Chillicothe, Livingston, Missouri. Bride and groom were of Breckenridge. Children were: Ila Faye ENGLAND.
John L. ENGLAND was born on 18 August 1882 in Mooresville Twp., Livingston, Missouri. He died on 26 August 1890 at the age of 8 in Mooresville Twp., Livingston, Missouri. He was buried in Gaunt Cemetery, Livingston, Missouri. Parents: William Theodore ENGLAND Sr. and Malinda Catherine EASTER.
John William ENGLAND was born on 24 January 1863 in Missouri. He died on 6 February 1865 at the age of 2 in Missouri. He was buried in Edgewood Cemetery, Livingston, Missouri. Parents: Socrates "Soc" ENGLAND and Elizabeth Ann SMITH.
Joseph ENGLAND was born on 25 November 1865 in Ohio. He died on 1 December 1938 at the age of 73 in Galt, Grundy, Missouri. He was buried on 4 December 1938 in Old East Cemetery, Grundy, Missouri. The death certificate says burial was at Galt.
Spouse: Maria Jane TERRY. Maria Jane TERRY and Joseph ENGLAND were married on 27 September 1885 in Daviess Co., Missouri.
Spouse: Alice VENCIL. Alice VENCIL and Joseph ENGLAND were married.
Joseph Walter "Dub" ENGLAND was born about 1939 in Benton Twp., Daviess, Missouri. Parents: Nelson Theodore ENGLAND and Mildred Lillian CAMERON.
Spouse: Janet . Janet and Joseph Walter "Dub" ENGLAND were married.
Joyce Marie ENGLAND was born about 1937 in Missouri. Parents: Nelson Theodore ENGLAND and Mildred Lillian CAMERON.
Kenneth Edward ENGLAND was born (date unknown). Parents: Ralph Edward ENGLAND and Anna Mae STEELE.
Kermit Flavel ENGLAND was born on 5 December 1909 in Chillicothe, Livingston, Missouri. He died on 22 August 2005 at the age of 95 in Chillicothe, Livingston, Missouri. He was buried on 25 August 2005 in Wheeling Cemetery, Livingston, Missouri. He owned England Motor Company in Chillicothe. Parents: Manzal Lawrence ENGLAND and Vernia May BATE.
Spouse: Mildred Lucille COOK. Mildred Lucille COOK and Kermit Flavel ENGLAND were married on 27 March 1933 in Chillicothe, Livingston, Missouri. The bride was of Avalon, the groom of Polo.
Laura ENGLAND was born (date unknown). Parents: Marvin Thomas ENGLAND II and unknown .
Laura ENGLAND was born about 1858 in Jefferson Twp., Daviess, Missouri. Parents: William ENGLAND and Mary DEDRICK.
Laura ENGLAND was born about 1871 in Missouri. Parents: Benjamin E. ENGLAND and Martha Almira "Mira" MATHEWS.
Laura S. ENGLAND was born about 1870 in Missouri. Parents: William Theodore ENGLAND Sr. and Malinda Catherine EASTER.
Spouse: Edward LORD. Laura S. ENGLAND and Edward LORD were married on 24 March 1889 in Daviess Co., Missouri.
Laverne E. ENGLAND was born on 5 February 1928 in Chillicothe, Livingston, Missouri. He died on 22 September 1967 at the age of 39 in Wadsworth, Leavenworth, Kansas. He was buried in Edgewood Cemetery, Livingston, Missouri. Parents: Monte Lee ENGLAND and Edna Sylvia CROGHAN.
Lenora ENGLAND was born about 1860 in Missouri. Parents: John ENGLAND and Louisa "Lucy" .
Lester ENGLAND was born (date unknown).
Spouse: Ferne Margaret GILLILAND. Ferne Margaret GILLILAND and Lester ENGLAND were married.
Lewis A. ENGLAND was born on 6 March 1855 in Missouri. He died on 23 February 1879 at the age of 23. He was buried in Old Union Cemetery, Daviess, Missouri. Parents: William ENGLAND and Mary DEDRICK.
Lillie Belle ENGLAND was born on 14 August 1868 in Chillicothe, Livingston, Missouri. She died on 6 October 1942 at the age of 74 in Chillicothe, Livingston, Missouri. She was buried on 8 October 1942 in Edgewood Cemetery, Livingston, Missouri. Parents: Socrates "Soc" ENGLAND and Elizabeth Ann SMITH.
Spouse: Charles Edward "Ed" WATTON. Lillie Belle ENGLAND and Charles Edward "Ed" WATTON were married on 12 July 1899 in Chillicothe, Livingston, Missouri. Children were: Max England WATTON, Horace E. WATTON.
Linda Jean ENGLAND was born on 28 December 1948 in Pattonsburg, Daviess, Missouri. She died on 7 September 2012 at the age of 63 in Kansas City, Jackson, Missouri. She died in a Kansas City hospital; her residence was in Chillicothe. She graduated from Cameron High School in 1967. Parents: Nelson Theodore ENGLAND and Mildred Lillian CAMERON.
Lulu ENGLAND was born (date unknown). Parents: Socrates "Soc" ENGLAND and Elizabeth Ann SMITH.
Dr. Mae Aggness "Aggie" ENGLAND was born on 23 June 1872 in Missouri. She died on 18 March 1918 at the age of 45. Parents: Christopher Columbus ENGLAND and Carrie Anna MOORE.
Spouse: Charles RUSSELL. Dr. Mae Aggness "Aggie" ENGLAND and Charles RUSSELL were married on 8 September 1893 in St. Joseph, Buchanan, Missouri. The bride was of Chillicothe, the groom of St. Joseph. Children were: Thomas RUSSELL.
Spouse: Homer L. ROCHELLE. Dr. Mae Aggness "Aggie" ENGLAND and Homer L. ROCHELLE were married in 1901. Homer and Aggness were Allopath doctors; they operated the Rochelle Sanitarium in Kansas City, Kansas.
Spouse: Arthur Grant SWEETIN. Dr. Mae Aggness "Aggie" ENGLAND and Arthur Grant SWEETIN were married on 1 January 1918 in Missouri.
Malcolm Linton ENGLAND was born on 7 February 1920 in El Reno, Canadian, Oklahoma. He died on 14 September 1977 at the age of 57 in Weatherford, Custer, Oklahoma. He was buried in Hinton, Caddo, Oklahoma. Parents: George Carl ENGLAND and Hazel WELKER.
Manzal Lawrence ENGLAND was born on 31 December 1880 in Minier, Tazewell, Illinois. He died on 10 June 1954 at the age of 73 in Chillicothe, Livingston, Missouri. He was buried on 13 June 1954 in Wheeling Cemetery, Livingston, Missouri. Parents: George Washington ENGLAND and unknown .
Spouse: Vernia May BATE. Vernia May BATE and Manzal Lawrence ENGLAND were married on 9 February 1910 in Chillicothe, Livingston, Missouri. Children were: Delbert Russell ENGLAND, Kermit Flavel ENGLAND, Irma ENGLAND, Neva ENGLAND, Vera Venita ENGLAND.
Margaret ENGLAND was born on 16 September 1872 in Pjillippa, Barbour, West Virginia. She died on 19 March 1962 at the age of 89 in Decatur, Macon, Illinois. She was buried in Mt. Pulaski, Logan, Illinois. Parents: Albert ENGLAND and Osa SKIDMORE.
Marvin Thomas ENGLAND was born on 12 March 1890 in Laredo, Grundy, Missouri. He died on 15 April 1968 at the age of 78 in Chillicothe, Livingston, Missouri. He was buried on 18 April 1968 in La Plata, Macon, Missouri. He was a grocer with his father in Chillicothe for many years. The store was on the south side of the square. In more recent years he was in the insurance business in Chillicothe. Parents: James Thomas "Tom" ENGLAND and Louisa Mathilda WITTICH.
Spouse: Fae CHRISTIE. Fae CHRISTIE and Marvin Thomas ENGLAND were married on 22 June 1920 in La Plata, Macon, Missouri. The groom was of Chillicothe, the bride of Macon. Children were: Donald C. ENGLAND, son ENGLAND, Marvin Thomas ENGLAND II.
Marvin Thomas ENGLAND II was born about 1932 in Missouri. Parents: Marvin Thomas ENGLAND and Fae CHRISTIE.
Spouse: unknown . Unknown and Marvin Thomas ENGLAND II were married. Children were: Ann ENGLAND, Laura ENGLAND.
Mary ENGLAND was born about 1851 in Kentucky. Parents: James M. ENGLAND and Nancy Elizabeth CAMPBELL.
Mary E. ENGLAND was born (date unknown).
Spouse: James Henry ELLER. Mary E. ENGLAND and James Henry ELLER were married on 11 January 1877 in Livingston Co., Missouri. They were divorced on 2 September 1878 in Chillicothe, Livingston, Missouri. Mary E. charged James Eller with desertion.
Mary Ellen ENGLAND was born about 1856 in Missouri. Parents: John ENGLAND and Louisa "Lucy" .
Spouse: William ERVIN. Mary Ellen ENGLAND and William ERVIN were married on 21 August 1879 in Livingston Co., Missouri. Children were: son ERWIN.
Mattie L. ENGLAND was born in April 1886 in Missouri. Parents: Peter M. ENGLAND and Mary Jane MCLAUGHLIN.


Warriors forwards go into their preparations for the crucial Group G Confederation of African Football (Caf) Africa Cup of Nations qualifier against Congo Brazzaville at the back of fine performances for their respective clubs.
Zimbabwe host Congo at the National Sports Stadium on Sunday in a match where they only need to avoid defeat for them to qualify for the finals that will be staged in Egypt between June and July this year.
Forwards Tino Kadewere, who is based in France as well as the South Africa-based trio of Terrence Dzvukamanja, Khama Billiat and Talent Chawapiwa, were all on target for their teams over the weekend and will be looking to take that scoring form to international duty.
Kadewere scored one and created the other for his France League 2 side Le Harve on Friday night, in their 3-1 win over Ajaccio.
Two weeks ago, he was also on target in their drawn match against Metz and has so far scored six goals for the side.
Kadewere struggled in the Warriors' last match against Liberia and will be looking to put that bad experience behind him as he looks to lead Zimbabwe's attack-line.
Billiat, who has encountered criticism for perceived lack of form at Kaizer Chiefs, scored a goal that could contend for the goal of the season in their 1-1 draw against Supersport.
The former Sundowns forward drove into the opposition half and thrashed a beauty from outside the box.
Chawapihwa also scored a good long range strike for his team AmaZulu, but his side still went down 4-1 against Free State Stars.
Dzvukamanja inspired Wits to a 4-2 win over Ronald Pfumbidzayi's Bloemfontein Celtic on Friday.
Dzvukamanja scored a brace in the match, making up for some missed opportunities earlier, scoring his first goal a minute from time before ensuring maximum points with another strike later on.
Orlando Pirates attacker Kudakwashe Mahachi has also returned to form, which has seen him start to play more regularly for his club.
He will be looking to win a place in the starting line-up for Sunday and this presents the technical team led by Sunday Chidzambga with the "wonderful" problem of having a lot of options.
Captain Knowledge Musona will be expected to lead from the front despite his problems at club level, where he struggled for game time at Anderlecht before a loan move to Lokeren.
The players were expected to start grouping yesterday as training is set to begin today.


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1 marketplaces are selling it on Ebay with coupons. Other top features are Home, IN and No!. Also wall mountable micro home stereo system is one of the top 10 sellers in and in 2019.
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Will Blizzard's next release be Diablo 3 for Nintendo Switch?
by Marcos Thadani ● Last updated on Jun 9, 2018
Diablo fans were excited earlier this week when a job listing over at Blizzard's website revealed that the US developer was hiring new recruits for an "announced Diablo project". This led to speculation running wild all over the Internet, with pundits and fans alike trying to figure out what Blizzard could have in store for video game fans worldwide.
Of course, many were hoping this would be a follow-up to 2012's Diablo III, a game that ended up becoming a top-seller despite the plethora of issues it suffered at launch (actually Blizzard's game had one of the worst launches ever for a modern video game).
And Diablo 4 may very well be on the cards, as Blizzard's job listing says they are looking for a developer capable of building "atmospheric dungeons with a focus on composition, detail and mood", while ensuring "all environments are meeting the high-quality bar Blizzard is known for".
Many would welcome a Diablo 4 of course, given how much fun its predecessor was, one of the best examples of a loot-focused, dungeon crawling game ever. Diablo III also featured Blizzard's trademark cinematic cutscenes, which sure were spectacular.
Blizzard is yet to announce anything, and this could very well just be another expansion for Diablo III, or perhaps a remaster of one of their earlier Diablo games, something which, for better or worse, has become very common in this day and age.
I have a feeling though, that Blizzard might be moving forward with the rumoured Nintendo Switch version of Diablo III, something which makes sense taking into account the Switch's rising popularity, and the fact that converting their 2012 hit to the Switch shouldn't take up too much development time.
Actually, Blizzard is still supporting the likes of Overwatch, Hearthstone, Heroes of the Storm and even World of Warcraft, meaning it might not want to bog itself down with a major game project like Diablo 4 at this time.
Also, the US company's job listing does mention the fact that they are looking to "optimize levels and assets for performance and memory". This particularly makes sense if they are planning a Nintendo Switch version of Diablo III, taking into account the Switch's limited hardware resources compared to other consoles.
This remains a matter of wait and see though, as Blizzard is yet to make any formal announcements and might still not do so for some time, as it appears that whatever game project they are embarking on is only getting underway. But whether this turns out to be Diablo III for the Switch, Diablo 4, a remaster, or something else entirely, here's hoping it lives up to Diablo's stellar legacy and turns out to be a game many will be enjoying when it hits shelves sometime in the future.
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