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Lawrence Hill
Lawrence Hill – Heeding the Call of Africa
(Niger 1979, Cameroon 1981, Mali 1989, Swaziland 2014)
The vistas, people and history of Africa loom large in the consciousness of author Lawrence Hill. His sixth novel, The Book of Negroes, begins and ends on the continent, chronicling one woman's journey from West Africa to the plantations of South Carolina, to the shores of Nova Scotia and back again.
"It's written in the voice of an old African woman who was living in about 1805 and she's remembering her life," says Hill. "This is a back and forth story, back and forth across the ocean, in the 1700's no less."
Hill's own back and forth began in 1979 when he embarked on a Canadian Crossroads International placement in Niger. Hill and six others traveled to the Sahel, spending two months living and working with young Nigerians, planting trees and discovering a different culture and way of life. For Hill, it was the dawning of a new self-awareness.
"For me it, was a more complicated experience by dint of the fact I'm of mixed race. At first, of course, I very much wanted to fit in and be seen as one of the race and so forth," says Hill. "But I worked my way through a tumultuous time there, emotionally tumultuous, and by the end I came through the other end of this little ringer, I was much more relaxed about who I was and didn't have the same need as when I first set foot on the continent, to be seen or recognized or thought of as Black."
The experience inspired a short story, Hill's first to be published in a literary journal. Entitled, "My Side of the Fence", the story also appeared in CCI's newsletter, Crossworlds. Two years later, Hill returned to Africa, leading a CCI group placement in 1981 to Cameroon.
"It was a great lesson for me in the diversity of Africa. The countries are just so incredibly different," says Hill. "Cameroon was interesting because it's officially bilingual English and French and it's the only country in the world as far as I know, aside from Canada, that's officially bilingual."
Almost a decade later in 1989, Canadian Crossroads International would enlist Hill once more to lead a group to West Africa, this time to Mali. The trip occurred just as he was writing his first novel, Some Great Thing. It would be Hill's most powerful and intimate encounter with African culture.
"This time, apart from our time in the capital, where we were all lodged together, we were sent into families. It was absolutely fascinating to be lodged individually, which was much more satisfying to me, as there was much less of a Canadian thing and more of a focus on Africa," says Hill. "There were Muslim polygamist families and that was quite a radical change from middle class Canada. And it was a interesting introduction to Islam, through the decency and kindness of my host family."
Hill's experience in Mali would prove integral to his acclaimed novel, The Book of Negroes. The story's protagonist, Aminata Diallo, begins her journey there, living a simple village life before being kidnapped by African slave traders.
"I was researching The Book of Negroes when I didn't even know I was researching it, just by going all those times to Africa," says Hill. "I don't think I could've written it if I hadn't been to Africa, and I don't think I would've had the confidence to even try if I hadn't been there a number of times and if I couldn't visualize the things I was writing about."
The story also has a Canadian connection. Following the American Revolutionary war, thousands of Black Loyalists were settled in Nova Scotia. Their names, origins and descriptions were inscribed in the Book of Negroes, from which Hill's novel takes its name. After having her name inscribed in the ledger, Hill's protagonist later finds herself embroiled in a little-known incident in Canadian history in which 1,200 Black Loyalists, unhappy with their lives in Nova Scotia, set off on fifteen ships for the West African coast, eventually settling in what is now Sierra Leone.
"My character has to get her name in that book herself to get out of Manhattan. She comes to Nova Scotia and then after ten years, she goes back to Africa," says Hill. "The unusual part of the story in a nutshell is that it's a back-to-Africa story. It's not just a story about freedom in Africa and then enslavement, which it is, but also a story of ultimate liberation and return to the motherland."
As Africa's rich mosaic of cultures and people continues to stir Hill's imagination, the current crises affecting many parts of the continent provoke a passionate response from the author. In a recent Toronto Star editorial co-signed by former federal NDP leader Audrey McLaughlin, Hill argues that policy-makers must not turn away from the human suffering occurring beyond their borders and must commit to more and better aid, to trade policies that help rather than hinder vulnerable populations and to unconditional debt relief.
"We stood by and watched the Rwandan genocide unfold, we stood by and watched AIDS ravage the continent and we've only done a fraction of what we could've done as Canadians," says Hill. "We're responsible for the men and women on the planet. I don't think you're only responsible for caring about the people who live in your house or your backyard. A death or a miserable life in Mali means no less than a death or a miserable life in Canada."
Lawrence Hill was a Crossroads volunteer in Niger in 1979, Cameroon in 1981 and Mali in 1989. His novels and non-fiction have been published to critical acclaim. Lawrence Hill's third novel was published in 2007 as The Book of Negroes in Canada and as Someone Knows My Name in the USA. It won the 2008 Commonwealth Writers' Prize for Best Book and the 2007 Rogers Writers' Trust Fiction Prize and has been nominated for the Hurston/Wright Legacy Award.
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Q: Fast multi-string replacement I need to perform multi string replacement. I have a string where several parts need to be changed according to substitution map.
All replacement must be done in one action - it means if "a" should be replaced with "b" and also "b" must be replaced with "c" and input string is "abc", the result will be "bcc"
I have a sollution based on building regex and then replacing all matches. I wrote it some time ago, now I'm refactoring the code and not so satisfied with it. Is there better (faster, simplier) sollution?
This is what I have:
public static string Replace(string s, Dictionary<string, string> substitutions)
{
    string pattern = "";
    int i = 0;
    foreach (string ch in substitutions.Keys)
    {
        if (i == 0)
           pattern += "(" + Regex.Escape(ch) + ")";
        else
           pattern += "|(" + Regex.Escape(ch) + ")";
        i++;
     }

     var r = new Regex(pattern);
     var parts = r.Split(s);

     string ret = "";
     foreach (string part in parts)
     {
         if (part.Length == 1 && substitutions.ContainsKey(part[0].ToString()))
         {
             ret += substitutions[part[0].ToString()];
         }
         else
         {
             ret += part;
         }
      }
      return ret;
}

And test case:
 var test = "test aabbcc";
 var output = Replace(test, new Dictionary<string, string>{{"a","b"},{"b","y"}});
 Assert.That(output=="test bbyycc");

A: You can replace all this with
var r = new Regex(string.Join("|", substitutions.Keys.Select(k => "(" + k + ")")));
return r.Replace(s, m => substitutions[m.Value]);

The key things are making use of the string.Join method rather than implementing it yourself, and making use of this Regex.Replace overload and delegates to do the replacement.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Die Hohenheimer Einfachbeute ist ein in der Imkerei verwendetes Magazinsystem für Bienenstöcke. Es hat durch Gerhard Liebig und Pia Aumeier im deutschsprachigen Raum Verbreitung gefunden.

Namensherkunft
Der Name Hohenheimer Einfachbeute bezieht sich ursprünglich auf den Entwicklungsort, die Landesanstalt für Bienenkunde an der Universität Hohenheim, und des Weiteren auf die einfache Bauart der Magazinbeute und auf eine Betriebsweise mit gleich großen Brut- und Honigraumzargen, die einfachen Austausch von Brut- und Honigrähmchen ermöglicht.

Aufgrund der Tatsache, dass die Beute für Wabenrähmchen im Zander-Format ausgelegt und von Gerhard Liebig beworben wurde, wird diese im Fachhandel auch unter den Namen Liebig-Zander-Beute oder Zanderbeute nach Dr. Liebig geführt. Da es mittlerweile auch andere Rähmchengrößen gibt, hat sich in einigen Teilen Deutschlands der allgemeinere Name Liebig Kompaktbeute und der Nennung des Rähmchenmaßes etabliert. Kompaktbeute, weil pro Zarge nur zehn Rähmchen statt elf vorhanden sind.

Eigenschaften
Die Beute besteht aus 20 mm dünnem Massivholz, ist falzlos und mit Griffleisten. Sie ist ausgelegt für zehn Zanderwaben (220×420 mm) mit langen Ohren (28,5 mm) mit einem Rähmchenabstand von 35 mm. In der ursprünglichen Form ist sie für gleich große Zargen im Brutraum und Honigraum ausgelegt, wodurch Betriebsweisen mit beengtem einzargigen Brutraum und aufwendigem zweizargigen Brutraum möglich sind. Gerhard Liebig und Pia Aumeier sind ausgesprochene Kritiker des einzargigen Brutraumes. Dagegen preisen sie die Betriebsweise mit zweizargigem Brutraum und "Kippkontrolle".

Im Laufe der Zeit entstanden auch Varianten mit niedrigeren Zargen für den Honigraum, so genannte Flachzargen mit Rähmchenhöhe 159 mm und Halbzargen mit Rähmchenhöhe 110 mm und mit höheren Großraum-Zargen für den Brutraum, so genannte Hochzargen für 285 mm hohe Rähmchen, wodurch einfache Betriebsweisen mit einzargigem Brutraum und angepasstem Brutraum mit Schied möglich sind, wie bei der Dadant-Beute aus der professionellen Imkerei.

Neben dem Zandermaß werden auch andere Beutenmaße in dieser Bauform der Hohenheimer Einfachbeute angeboten, z. B. für das Rähmchenmaß Deutsch Normal (370 mm × 223 mm).

Literatur
 Gerhard Liebig: Einfach imkern. Leitfaden zum Bienen halten ohne Stress für Tier und Tierhalter. 4. überarbeitete Auflage, Eigenverlag, Bochum 2020, 228 Seiten

Weblinks
 Offizielle Bauanleitung [PDF], Universität Hohenheim
 Hohenheimer Einfachbeute, Bayerische Landesanstalt für Weinbau und Gartenbau.

Einzelnachweise

Künstliche Bienenbehausung

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Deloitte welcomes cloud-based consulting firm, Blue Spurs Consulting Inc. to further enhance capabilities in Cloud engineering
Toronto, June 4, 2019 — Deloitte is acquiring cloud-based consulting services firm, Blue Spurs Consulting Inc., to enhance its capabilities in Cloud and emerging technologies, and increase its presence and services in Atlantic Canada. Founded in Fredericton, New Brunswick in 2012, Blue Spurs Consulting builds custom technology solutions, develops and migrates services for Cloud, and hosts and maintains both applications and infrastructure, enabling clients to optimize their technology through custom solutions and managed cloud offerings.
"We're excited to be joining Deloitte, as it opens up a new host of opportunities for both practices," said Mike LeBlanc, CEO of Blue Spurs Consulting Inc., joining Deloitte as a Consulting Partner. "Leveraging Deloitte's global access to lengthen our reach, coupled with our emerging technology focus, will provide real value to customers and open up new pathways to successful digital transformations."
Blue Spurs Consulting's team of 70 employees will integrate into and support Deloitte Canada's Consulting practice, specifically the Core Business Operations Offering Portfolio under Cloud Engineering Offerings, helping the firm significantly extend its capabilities in Atlantic Canada.
Read the full press release Learn more about our cloud services
Deloitte provides audit & assurance, consulting, financial advisory, risk advisory, tax and related services to public and private clients spanning multiple industries. Deloitte serves four out of five Fortune Global 500® companies through a globally connected network of member firms in more than 150 countries and territories bringing world-class capabilities, insights and service to address clients' most complex business challenges. To learn more about how Deloitte's approximately 264,000 professionals—9,400 of whom are based in Canada—make an impact that matters, please connect with us on LinkedIn, Twitter or Facebook.
Deloitte LLP, an Ontario limited liability partnership, is the Canadian member firm of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited. Deloitte refers to one or more of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited, a UK private company limited by guarantee, and its network of member firms, each of which is a legally separate and independent entity. Please see www.deloitte.com/about for a detailed description of the legal structure of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited and its member firms.
© 2019 Deloitte LLP and affiliated entities.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The scent is an attractant which will let nature take it's course. The proven scent has lured many a buck to their final resting place on the wall or a road side ditch.
Doe Cooter is sure to improve your sightings during any hunting season.
See our latest buck shots!
The t-shirts are high grade quality cotton and have become quite the conversation piece. I now have a long sleeve, short sleeve, thermal and three hats to choose from. I am looking forward to the new line of shirts due out soon.
My hunting partner was able to bag a big Buck this year as the Buck was lured by my Doe Cooter scent wick and headed right into our line of fire.
I especially found the packaging of Doe Cooter to be very useful with the many dispensing options for the Urine and the microfiber pouch to clean my scope. I have already purchased Doe Cooter packages for Christmas gifts.
Doe Cooter's "Doe in Heat" Urine worked like a charm. I had four Doe's head straight for my scent wick on my first use. The scent wick had a great absorbency and did not require additional dousing of the Urine.
I was rifle hunting for mule deer so I didn't get to try the Doe Cooter scent, but I did get to try the apparel. The hat was comfortable and I liked the style. The shirts were soft and thick. I look forward to trying the scent in bow season.
I've used every mock scrape product on the market but nothing compared to the results Doe Cooter mock scrape produced last fall. I am truly impressed. I had 7 different bucks visit my mock scrape in one day. Super pumped for more results this fall!!
© 2018. Rollin Enterprises LLC. All Rights Reserved.


The St George Illawarra Dragons were defeated 50-14 by the Sydney Roosters at Allianz Stadium, Moore Park on Saturday.
The Young Dragons scored thrice in the defeat courtesy Jacob Host, Luciano Leilua and Bessie Aufarag-Toomaga.
Head Coach Ben Hornby opted to make only the one change to the line-up announced midweek with five-eighth Drew Hutchison starting in lieu of Thomas Freebairn who reverted to the interchange bench.
This shift in personnel meant utility Nathan Leatigaga was omitted from the team.
The Young Dragons entered the encounter in search of igniting an ailing campaign which had seen them notch only one win from their first seven outings.
Unfortunately, the Roosters compiled further woes by inflicting two unanswered converted tries in the opening twenty minutes of the first stanza.
Roosters centre Joseph Manu was the first across the stripe in the 15th minute of play before five-eighth Connor Watson followed suit four minutes later.
Roosters halfback Jackson Hastings converted both attempts to make it 12-0.
However, the visitors rallied to claw the deficit back to eight points when second-rower Jacob Host charged over the line in the 24th minute.
Dragons winger Bessie Toomaga-Aufaga converted to make it 12-6.
The momentum was short lived however with the home side edging further ahead once more off the back of Watson's second of the match.
Hastings converted again to make it 18-6.
The Dragons though managed to score a second four-pointer when prop Luciano Leilua etched his name on the score sheet six minutes from the interval.
The visitors started where they left off with a quick try to Augaga-Toomaga down the left flank just after the interval.
However, the Roosters regained composure to mount a counter attack and score through prop Richard Skelton moments later.
Hastings converted to make it 24-14.
The home side continued their attacking prowess to inflict a further three tries on the visitors, courtesy of Milne, Watson and winger Johnny Tuivasa-Sheck, prior to the hour mark.
Hastings converted two of his three attempts at the tee to make it 40-14.
The visitors continued haemorrhaging points and succumbed to Roosters fullback Latrell Mitchell's darting run to the tryline in the 64th minute.
Hastings converted to make it 46-14.
The Roosters notched one final try through Watson to make it 50-14.
St George Illawarra Dragons 14. Tries: Host, Leilua, Aufaga-Toomaga. Goals: Aufaga-Toomaga (1/3).
Sydney Roosters 50. Tries: Watson (4), Manu, Skelton, Milne, Tuivasa-Sheck, MItchell. Goals: Hastings (7/9).


text:
Q: Allow traffic from localhost to docker container I'm trying to host my backend services on a Ubuntu 16.04 server with docker. There is an nginx handling all HTTP requests and proxy-passing them to backend services.
With iptables INPUT and OUTPUT ACCEPT - everything works perfectly, however if I try to restrict any access except HTTP/HTTPS to nginx - communication between
localhost and docker containers breaks.
This is my iptables:
-P INPUT DROP
-P FORWARD DROP
-P OUTPUT DROP
-N DOCKER
-N DOCKER-ISOLATION-STAGE-1
-N DOCKER-ISOLATION-STAGE-2
-N DOCKER-USER

# Drop empty flag packets and sync-flood packets
-A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --tcp-flags FIN,SYN,RST,PSH,ACK,URG NONE -j DROP
-A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp ! --tcp-flags FIN,SYN,RST,ACK SYN -m state --state NEW -j DROP
-A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --tcp-flags FIN,SYN,RST,PSH,ACK,URG FIN,SYN,RST,PSH,ACK,URG -j DROP

# Allow HTTP/HTTPS
-A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 8080 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 443 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

-A OUTPUT -p tcp -m tcp --sport 80 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
-A OUTPUT -p tcp -m tcp --sport 8080 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
-A OUTPUT -p tcp -m tcp --sport 443 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
-A OUTPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

# Allow DNS
-A INPUT -p udp -m udp --sport 53 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --sport 53 -j ACCEPT
-A OUTPUT -p udp -m udp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT
-A OUTPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT

# Block ping
-A INPUT -p icmp -m state --state NEW -m icmp --icmp-type 8 -j DROP

# Allow any loopback
-A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
-A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT

# Allow forwarding from/to localhost to/from docker
-A FORWARD -i docker0 -o lo -j ACCEPT
-A FORWARD -i lo -o docker0 -j ACCEPT

# Docker-generated rules
-A FORWARD -j DOCKER-USER
-A FORWARD -j DOCKER-ISOLATION-STAGE-1
-A FORWARD -o docker0 -m conntrack --ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
-A FORWARD -o docker0 -j DOCKER
-A FORWARD -i docker0 ! -o docker0 -j ACCEPT
-A FORWARD -i docker0 -o docker0 -j ACCEPT
-A FORWARD -o br-30c18a0778b5 -m conntrack --ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
-A FORWARD -o br-30c18a0778b5 -j DOCKER
-A FORWARD -i br-30c18a0778b5 ! -o br-30c18a0778b5 -j ACCEPT
-A FORWARD -i br-30c18a0778b5 -o br-30c18a0778b5 -j ACCEPT
-A DOCKER -d 172.18.0.2/32 ! -i br-30c18a0778b5 -o br-30c18a0778b5 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 27017 -j ACCEPT
-A DOCKER -d 172.18.0.3/32 ! -i br-30c18a0778b5 -o br-30c18a0778b5 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 4000 -j ACCEPT
-A DOCKER-ISOLATION-STAGE-1 -i docker0 ! -o docker0 -j DOCKER-ISOLATION-STAGE-2
-A DOCKER-ISOLATION-STAGE-1 -i br-30c18a0778b5 ! -o br-30c18a0778b5 -j DOCKER-ISOLATION-STAGE-2
-A DOCKER-ISOLATION-STAGE-1 -j RETURN
-A DOCKER-ISOLATION-STAGE-2 -o docker0 -j DROP
-A DOCKER-ISOLATION-STAGE-2 -o br-30c18a0778b5 -j DROP
-A DOCKER-ISOLATION-STAGE-2 -j RETURN
-A DOCKER-USER -j RETURN

The container I proxy-pass to is running on port 4000 mapped to 3003 in docker-compose.yml:
 webapi:
    build: .
    depends_on:
      - mongo
    deploy:
      replicas: 1
      resources:
        limits:
          cpus: "0.1"
          memory: 256M
      restart_policy:
        condition: on-failure
    ports:
      - "3003:4000"
    networks:
      - webnet

But if I run curl http://localhost:3003/api/healthcheck - I get curl: (56) Recv failure: Connection reset by peer which is confusing to me since I don't have any restrictions for loopback or forwarding to docker0.
The only idea I have is: forwarding from container's port 4000 to localhost 3003 is blocked, but I can't come up with how to allow it.

A: I too ran into an issue where I created a docker network and only wanted to expose the DNS server and Nginx services. When doing this, everything worked fine external to the system but within the host I didn't have access as long as the INPUT policy was DROP. Adding localhost and the exact IP addresses and ports to the INPUT chain had no effect.
The solution I found was to ACCEPT the docker network bridge interface in the INPUT chain. Docker will by default name this something like br- (e.g. br-22153f050ac4). You can add this nasty label to the iptables config or you can name your docker network bridge interface and add the more deterministic interface name.
Assuming you created your network with:
docker network create -d bridge -o com.docker.network.bridge.name=webnet webnet

You should be able to allow localhost -> docker container with something like:
sudo iptables -A INPUT -i webnet -j ACCEPT

Assuming everything was successful, you should now be able to access the container via a localhost address (i.e. 127.0.0.1) and the docker container address (e.g. 172.X.Y.Z).

A: The easy answer to this is to only publish the port on the loopback interface so you don't need to firewall them:
  port:
    - "127.0.0.1:3003:4000"

For debugging the firewall rules, I'd put some logging in there before dropping the packets. Docker uses a lot more than just the docker-0 bridge, and there are various nat/mangle rules, and proxy processes, involved in publishing ports.


Opened the portals today at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in Switzerland and so far so good. Nothing un-natural that we can detect has come from CERN yet. Yet. Partical detectors are all well and good but how many times has Earth been at the mercy of Scientist who go about doing things that could effect the whole world and yet do not take the time to take a vote and see if the other billion of us want or actually need to re-create the beginning of the Universe in a box. Space between Spaces and Black Matter – we could very well be ringing the doorbell of the slumbering Old Ones ala call of Cthulhu or mabey Yog answers the door and here we are off on a tangent of Destruction that totally does not fit into my day. I myself want Scientist children and they are to me the Rock Stars and the Poets of our age. But responsible Science – feeding people, alternative non-nuclear energy – opening the mysteries of Botany, saving the environment- that sort of thing. I dont give a fig what happened at the beginning. I think they are playing at being God. That said – I am not a dream squasher so …. well… I would say over a cup of tea with mothers whose children are working at CERN – so….Little Billie has been working really hard. You must be so proud he's such a good boy. "yes, yes" she says. its so nice that he enjoys his work.
I did not expect a black hole today at the beginning of this bang experiement – more of a Dr. Who type opening of the Portals of not so nice Angels. Silly humans always going for that forbidden fruit – hand in the cookie jar and all that. Well on this side of the Pond we are wrapping ourselves in Black matter duct taping the windows and hoping for the best. Portal opening should be going on for about a week. I bet that CERNs would be surprised to know there are private facilities here in the States matching them step by step just for the fun of it to see what happens. Again – crazy scientists.
I just hope there are no drunk teenagers making out in cars at their facilities at night….You know where that will lead.
I watched with interest the Texas partical programs at A & M and in the private sector when I was young. This is nothing new but very hush hush here in the States. They dont really advertise it like the EUC – I dont think they need the funding. More Sinisters than Ministers. Remember, its never the stuff you hear that's the real worry eh?
I think I will watch Fifth Element today while I work.


Mastic gum has been used for centuries in the Mediterranean region as a medicine for healing ulcers in the digestive tract. It is a sticky substance, derived from the bark of the mastic tree. In particular, there is increasing evidence of the substance being very effective against the H. pylori bacteria. H. pylori affects nearly 50% of the world's population. Most gastrointestinal and duodenal ulcers, also known as peptic ulcers, are caused by H. pylori. Let's look at some benefits of this substance.
A study has proven the effect of mastic gum against H. pylori bacteria. In the study, 52 patients who were suffering from an H. pylori infection were given mastic gum for a period of 10 to 14 days. The eradication of H. pylori was reported in a majority of the patients. Another study has shown that even low doses of the gum can cure peptic ulcers rapidly.
Typically, H. pylori does not cause any pain or ulcers. But if the bacteria gets active, it can cause gastrointestinal problems. Frequent chewing of the substance helps in keeping the stomach healthy and relieving the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome and indigestion. Mastic gum is also an effective dietary supplement for heartburn or acid reflux.
A study conducted in Japan studied the relationship between H-pylori bacteria and gastric cancer. It showed the eradication of H. Pylori can help in the prevention of gastric cancer. Since mastic gum is a proven to be effective in eradicating H. Pylori, it can help in fighting stomach cancer.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19879118 http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199812243392618#t=article Fukase K, Kato M, Kikuchi S, Inoue K, Uemura N, Okamoto S, Terao S, Amagai K, Hayashi S, Asaka M; Japan Gast Study Group. Effect of eradication of Helicobacter pylori on incidence of metachronous gastric carcinoma after endoscopic resection of early gastric cancer: an open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2008 Aug 2;372(9636):392-7. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61159-9. PubMed PMID: 18675689. Karygianni L, Cecere M, Skaltsounis AL, Argyropoulou A, Hellwig E, Aligiannis N, Wittmer A, Al-Ahmad A. High-level antimicrobial efficacy of representative Mediterranean natural plant extracts against oral microorganisms. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:839019. doi: 10.1155/2014/839019. Epub 2014 Jun 26. PubMed PMID: 25054150; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4098616. Farhad U. Huwez, Debbie Thirlwell, Alan Cockayne, et al. Mastic Gum Kills Helicobacter pylori. The New England Journal of Medicine (1998). Dabos KJ, Sfika E, Vlatta LJ, Giannikopoulos G. The effect of mastic gum on Helicobacter pylori: a randomized pilot study. Phytomedicine. 2010 Mar;17(3-4):296-9. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2009.09.010. Epub 2009 Oct 29. PubMed PMID: 19879118.


text:
The Ivory Grin — Part Eight
FILLING IT IN
I Talk, You Listen
Archer's next move is not to go to San Francisco, as we might expect, but to visit Una Durano. Mrs. Benning is the key, as Archer has observed to the police, but without a lead the best he can do is to visit his former not-so-beloved client.
It is a peculiar interview, because Archer spends a great deal of it telling Una what he already knows. But since Archer does not explain his mental processes to the reader, we need to have them explained in dialogue.
Una admits that her brother Leo is seriously mentally ill with end stage syphilis.
She allows him to see Leo, who is indeed completely demented.
Until two weeks ago, Lucy Champion was a nurse to Leo, having accompanied Una and Leo from Detroit.
Leo's insanity became manifest at the start of the year when he attempted to shoot a night club singer for no reason.
Una hustled him out of Detroit before the other members of the mob realized that he was disabled.
She wants to keep him alive and in hiding if she can because income is rolling in from the rackets in Detroit.
Bess and Leo, despite the difference in their ages, were lovers and Bess had been the one to suggest moving to California when Leo broke down. She had even suggested Arroyo Canyon (to be close to her old boyfriend Charles Singleton.)
Una claims that although she tried to keep Leo from finding out about Singleton, he did anyway. When he did, he escaped, went to Singleton's cabin and shot him.
Singleton was not dead the last time Una saw him, although he had been shot in the stomach and needed medical attention.
Lucy and Bess, along with Una, were all witnesses to the shooting.
Una says Bess killed Lucy because Bess has a long criminal record and would get a lengthy sentence for any involvement with the shooting.
Archer believes only a part of Una's story. He suggests that Una herself told Leo about Singleton and Bess, gave Leo the gun, and drove him to Singleton's cabin.
Archer Finds a More Pleasant Conversational Partner
His next stop is Arroyo Beach where he meets with Sylva Treen. He tells her that although the body in Singleton's car is not him, Singleton is probably dead. He also tells her that Bess Benning, Singleton's girlfriend, was involved in covering up the shooting and probably took Singleton to her husband for treatment.
Sylvia has some news of her own. Bess Benning just called; although she didn't identify herself, Sylvia is certain it was her. Benning wanted five thousand dollars to provide information on Singleton's whereabouts. She said she would phone again later that evening to arrange a meeting place. Mrs. Singleton has the money on hand; she has had it in readiness ever since she first posted the reward.
This Clue So Dates the Story
If you are under forty this conversation may not make sense
"The operator asked her to deposit more money, and she hung up." [Sylvia said.]
"It was a long distance call?"
"I had the impression it came from Los Angeles."
"How much did the operator ask for?"
"Forty cents."
"Probably Los Angeles."
Archer says that since Bess knows his voice, he can't take the call. Sylvia should arrange the meeting place in front of Archer's office in Los Angeles for ten that evening. Besides his general desire to control the situation, Archer has recording equipment set up in his office. He tells Sylvia that he wants her to come along. (This is the most minor of cavils, but I'm not sure that bringing Sylvia along makes sense, but it does allow them to have a conversation in Archer's office while they wait.)
Shortly after, Bess calls back. The game is on.


If you've been to The Hotel Cafe, you know this: Great, great, great place to see and hear some music. Small space with a terrific sound. Meticulously curated array of up-and-coming powerpop types and singersongwriter types and all kinds of other types, too, if those types aren't for you. Plus, place was filled with Adults. Not Old People, but regular people who may not care that this is your first time in here and don't know to use the back door where exactly to pick up your Panini.
Guy with a piano, name of Aaron Beaumont.
Until June, band with a big urgent sound that I really dig. Maybe they're on the GREY'S ANATOMY soundtrack you have.
Lady Danville, fun, three playful, harmonizing kids who are wrapping up a residency deal at the Hotel Cafe this week. Love these guys. Didn't take much.
Ryan Calhoun, who, to reduce an artist to a simple comparison that may or may not be fair, sounds like Matthew Good (who had been on the same stage earlier in the week).
Also, civilized and even whimsical bathroom graffiti. Usually, but not always, a good sign.


text:
Success Story - Wissen InfoTech
Wissen InfoTech is Minority Business Enterprise
MBE certified by the National Minority Supplier Development Council (NMSDC).
Wissen InfoTech is an end-to-end solutions provider in BFSI (Banking, Financial Services, and Insurance), Telecom, Healthcare, Manufacturing & Energy verticals, Application Development, Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning, and Big Data. Established in the year 2000 in the US, Wissen Infotech has global offices in India, UK, Australia, Mexico, and Canada.
Wissen InfoTech is Minority Business Enterprise – MBE certified by the National Minority Supplier Development Council (NMSDC). The company offers a full spectrum of services that include Visualization & Business Intelligence, Robotic Process Automation, Cloud, Mobility, Agile & DevOps, Quality Assurance & Test Automation, and Infrastructure Management.
Challenges faced by Wissen before G Suite Implementation
Initially, Wissen InfoTech had adopted RackSpace email solution to meet the requirements of 600 users. However, as the organization faced challenges pertaining to communication and security, they switched over to G Suite (Basic Plan) – in association with Brio Technologies Private Limited, with over a decade of experience in providing cloud consulting services. Given below are some of the challenges faced by the organization.
Key Challenges:
Phishing and Spoofing attacks (receiving malicious content which affected the local devices)
Email latency which had a critical impact on efficacy of email communication
Users didn't always follow a routine sign-in pattern. For instance, sometimes they would sign-in from an unusual location
For a company with a young and tech-savvy workforce, the current solution was outdated and lacked a lot of mobility features
The Information Security team was facing a lot of problems in educating the users about basic security measures such as, not to open suspicious links and attachments
● After reviewing all the options, Wissen Infotech concluded that G Suite was the best alternative to satisfy their email and communication needs. Moreover, it provided additional real-time collaboration benefits through Google Drive.
● G Suite enhanced their productivity levels significantly in comparison to the previous solution (i.e. RackSpace).
● G Suite offers one of the best in class security pertaining to spam and virus protection.
● The issue with Phishing and Spoofing was resolved.
● Wissen added an extra layer of security by enabling two-step verification.
● Email alerts were configured to notify G Suite Admin in case of suspicious sign-in activity for any of the users.
● The users have now smoothly transitioned to G Suite since December 2018. They now use both webmail as well as an Email client such as Microsoft Outlook.
● There was a notable boost in efficiency and productivity after Wissen moved over to G Suite.
● The Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) was reduced as they were now using a single solution without any third-party solutions or different plans for different users.
● Familiarity with Google eased the transition and increased user adoption.
About Wissen InfoTech
Brio Technologies is an expert in providing cloud consulting solutions for more than a decade. A Google Cloud Partner, Brio assists businesses evolve and transition to cloud solutions. Brio offers advisory and implementation services that are suitable for businesses of all scales and sizes. If you are an organization looking to adopt cloud technologies, choose Brio as an enabling partner for the most efficient, cost-effective, and agile solutions pertaining to G Suite migration and deployment.


Brain arteriovenous malformation. Image 6 of 6. Coloured magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) scan of the brain of a 31 year old man (side view). The front of the head is at left. The image shows a right thalamic AVM as a knotted red mass, slightly obscured (centre). An AVM is a congenital malformation of the blood vessels (arteries and veins) that can rupture and bleed inside of the head and cause seizures, headaches, stroke-like symptoms, and other fatal complications. MRA is a non-invasive technique to image blood vessels in the body that uses a combination of a very strong magnetic field and radiofrequency (RF) pulses to image the flowing blood. For all images in this rotational sequence, see M136/300 - M136/305.


Read about why we started this blog.
New updates include optional employer codes, automatic re-invitation, and more!
A look at the harassment that occurs in the restaurant industry and why it happens.
A look at Jeremy Light, a co-founder of kendr and a restaurant and hospitality consultant.
A look at Beth Schroeder, kendr co-founder and successful labor attorney.


text:
TIRE TREAD WITH SYNTHETIC FIBERS
A tire having a circumferential tread is disclosed. In one embodiment, a plurality of synthetic fibers are embedded in the circumferential tread such that a portion of at least one of the plurality of synthetic fibers is exposed to a surface of the circumferential tread, wherein the plurality of synthetic fibers have empty cavities configured to be at least partially filled with a liquid.
Byrne, Francis J. (Franklin, TN, US)
Bridgesione Firestone North American Tire, LLC
B60C11/00; B29D30/66
20060062076 Screw for extruder and method of manufacturing the extruderer, and rubber member for tire and method of manufacturing the rubber member March, 2006 Shimada
20050224151 Mold and tread made therein October, 2005 De Benedittis et al.
20100024934 MECHANISM BASED REACTIVE PLANAR SUSPENSION February, 2010 Khajepour et al.
20080216930 Tyre with rubber tread which contains internal circumferential rubber stabilizer bars September, 2008 Valentine et al.
20060016535 Lubricating composition for a tire safety support January, 2006 Mauclin et al.
20070113945 Run-flat system comprising self-inflating cells May, 2007 Vervaet et al.
20070187298 VEHICLE WHEEL, IN PARTICULAR FOR CYCLES August, 2007 Perlo
20070261773 Aircraft Pneumatic Tire November, 2007 Onuma et al.
20020000275 Method for equalizing radial and lateral force variations at the tire/road footprint of a pneumatic tire January, 2002 Robert Sr.
20090095395 Run Flat Tire System and Device April, 2009 Khatib
20100051163 MODULAR PLY TIRE WITH OVERLAPPING PLIES March, 2010 Neubauer et al.
JPH1120408A 1999-01-26
machine translation for Japan 11-020408 (no date)
MAKI, STEVEN D
BRIDGESTONE AMERICAS, INC. (AKRON, OH, US)
1. A tire having a circumferential tread, the tire comprising: a plurality of synthetic fibers embedded in the circumferential tread such that a portion of at least one of the plurality of synthetic fibers is exposed to a surface of the circumferential tread, wherein the plurality of synthetic fibers have cavities configured to be at least partially filled with water or other liquid.
2. The tire of claim 1, wherein the plurality of synthetic fibers are randomly aligned in the circumferential tread.
3. The tire of claim 1, wherein one or more of the plurality of synthetic fibers are substantially radially oriented.
4. The tire of claim 1, wherein one or more of the plurality of synthetic fibers are substantially orthogonal to a radius of the tire.
5. The tire of claim 1, wherein the synthetic fibers are further configured to discharge the water or other liquid when a portion of the circumferential tread containing the synthetic fibers moves out of contact with a wet or damp surface.
6. The tire of claim 1, wherein the circumferential tread includes a plurality of sipes provided therein, wherein an end of at least one of the synthetic fibers is exposed to a tread surface that defines a sipe.
7. The tire of claim 1, wherein the synthetic fibers are extruded synthetic fibers.
8. The tire of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of synthetic fibers has a length of about 0.5 millimeters to about 10 millimeters.
9. The tire of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of synthetic fibers has a diameter of about 5 micrometers to about 100 micrometers.
10. A circumferential tread of a tire, the tread comprising: a plurality of hollow synthetic fibers configured to at least partially fill with a liquid when a portion of the circumferential tread containing the hollow synthetic fibers contacts a wet or damp surface, wherein the hollow synthetic fibers are further configured to discharge the liquid when the portion of the circumferential tread containing the hollow synthetic fibers moves out of contact with the wet or damp surface.
11. The tread of claim 10, wherein the plurality of hollow synthetic fibers are oriented substantially radially.
12. The tread of claim 10, wherein the plurality of hollow synthetic fibers are oriented randomly.
13. The tread of claim 10, wherein the tread includes a plurality of grooves and sipes.
14. The tread of claim 13, wherein a portion of at least one of the plurality of hollow synthetic fibers is exposed to an outer surface of at least one of the plurality of grooves and sipes.
15. The tread of claim 10, wherein each of the plurality of hollow synthetic fibers has a length between about 0.5 millimeters and about 10 millimeters.
16. A method of molding a tire having a plurality of synthetic fibers, the method comprising the steps of: adding lengths of synthetic fibers to green rubber, wherein each fiber has at least one cavity; placing the green rubber in a mold, the mold having internal cavity-defining surfaces; and curing the green tire within the mold.
17. The method of claim 16, further comprising a step of orienting at least one of the lengths of fiber in a radial direction with respect to the tire mold.
18. The method of claim 16, further comprising a step of imparting the at least one cavity in each synthetic fiber.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein the step of imparting at least one cavity in each synthetic fiber includes a step of extruding the fiber.
20. The method of claim 18, wherein the step of imparting at least one cavity in each synthetic fiber includes a step of injecting gas in the fiber.
The present application relates to a tire that includes a plurality of fibers embedded in a circumferential tread. More particularly, it relates to a tire with a plurality of synthetic fibers, each fiber having a hollow portion configured to be filled with water and other liquid.
Many motor vehicle tires have a circumferential tread provided with a plurality of spaced-apart circumferential grooves that define ribs therebetween. Typically, generally lateral slots can be provided in the ribs to form a plurality of shaped blocks. These shaped blocks can be distributed along the tread according to a specific pattern. Sipes, which are generally narrow slits cut into the tread, can be provided in the shaped blocks in a specific pattern to improve tire traction in wet, snowy, and icy conditions.
Wet surfaces are known to affect tire performance. As shown in FIG. 1A, the simplified graph 100a illustrates that even slightly damp roads have a significant impact on the performance of a tire. Similarly, when a tire contacts a snowy or icy road, the pressure from the weight of a vehicle melts the snow or ice, thus creating wet conditions.
At one extreme of the phenomena, known as hydroplaning, the tread pattern has a significant impact on the performance of the tire. Grooves, channels, or sipes, improve tire performance in very wet conditions, because as the tire contacts the wet surface, pressure from the weight of the vehicle causes the water (or other liquid) on the surface to be diverted into the voids created by these elements and away from the road surface, enabling the tire to better contact and conform to the surface. At the other end of the scale of wet performance—when the surface of the road is merely damp, the tread pattern is only partially effective in clearing water and other liquids from the surface.
In one embodiment of the application, a plurality of synthetic fibers are embedded in a circumferential tread of a tire. During use of the tire, a portion of at least one of the plurality of synthetic fibers is exposed to a surface of the circumferential tread. In other words, at least a portion of the synthetic fibers is not covered by rubber. Each synthetic fiber has a hollow portion configured to be filled with water or liquids. The scope of the invention discussed herein is defined by the claims appended hereto.
In the accompanying drawings, tires and tread patterns are illustrated that, together with the detailed description provided below, describe exemplary embodiments of the claimed invention.
In the following drawings and description, like elements are identified with the same reference numerals. The drawings are not to scale and the proportion of certain elements may be exaggerated for the purpose of illustration.
FIG. 1A illustrates a simplified graph showing prior art tire performance as a function of surface wetness;
FIG. 1B illustrates a simplified graph showing performance of an improved tire as a function of surface wetness;
FIGS. 2A-E are simplified front elevation views of a prior art tire on a dry and wet surfaces;
FIG. 3 is a simplified front elevation view of one embodiment of an improved tire having embedded synthetic fibers on a wet surface;
FIGS. 4A-4C are perspective views of three exemplary embodiments of synthetic fibers for use in an improved tire;
FIG. 5 is a simplified top view of one embodiment of an improved tire tread having embedded synthetic fibers;
FIG. 6 is a simplified top view of an alternative embodiment of a tire tread having embedded synthetic fibers, wherein each fiber is exposed to a surface defining a groove or a sipe;
FIG. 7 is a simplified top view of an alternative embodiment of a tire tread having embedded synthetic fibers, wherein no fibers are exposed to a surface defining a groove or a sipe;
FIG. 8 is a simplified top view of an alternative embodiment of a tire tread having embedded synthetic fibers, wherein the length of each fiber is exposed to the surface;
FIG. 9 is a simplified top view of an alternative embodiment of a tire tread having embedded synthetic fibers, wherein the length of each fiber is exposed to the surface and the fibers are aligned;
FIG. 10 is a simplified top view of an alternative embodiment of a tire tread having embedded synthetic fibers, wherein an end of each fiber is exposed to the surface;
FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a section of one embodiment of a tire tread having embedded synthetic fibers;
FIG. 12 is a simplified top view of one embodiment of a tire tread having embedded synthetic fibers, after a period of use and the fibers have been worn;
FIG. 13 is a flow chart of one embodiment of a method for making a tire having synthetic fibers; and
FIG. 14 is a flow chart of an alternative embodiment of a method for making a tire having synthetic fibers.
The following includes definitions of selected terms employed herein. The definitions include various examples and/or forms of components that fall within the scope of a term. The examples are not intended to be limiting. Both singular and plural forms of terms may be within the definitions.
"Axial" or "axially" refer to a direction that is parallel to the axis of rotation of a tire.
"Circumferential" and "circumferentially" refer to a direction extending along the perimeter of the surface of an annular tread perpendicular to the axial direction.
"Equatorial plane" refers to the plane that is perpendicular to the tire's axis of rotation and passes through the center of the tire's tread.
"Footprint" refers to a surface area covered by a tire in contact with the surface.
"Groove" refers to an elongated void in a tread of a tire that extends circumferentially in a straight, curved, wavy, or zig-zag manner.
"Lateral" or "laterally" refer to a direction along a tread of a tire going from one sidewall of the tire to the other sidewall.
"Radial" or "radially" refer to a direction that is perpendicular to the axis of rotation of a tire.
"Sipe" refers to a thin slit formed in the surface of a tire tread that extends laterally, circumferentially, or at an acute angle with respect to the circumferential direction of the tire. The sipe can be straight, curved, zig-zag, wavy, or take the form of any other non-straight configuration.
"Slot" refers to an elongated void in a tread of a tire that extends laterally or at an angle relative to the circumferential direction of the tire. The slot can be straight, curved, zig-zag, wavy, or take the form of any other non-straight configuration.
"Tread" refers to that portion of a tire that comes into contact with the road under a normal load.
As explained above, FIG. 1A illustrates a simplified graph 10a showing prior art tire performance as a function of surface wetness. FIG. 1B, by comparison, illustrates a simplified graph 100b showing performance of an improved tire as a function of surface wetness.
FIG. 2A illustrates a simplified front view of a prior art tire 200 on a flat road surface 210 having no irregularities. When the prior art tire 200 rolls over the road surface 210, the pressure caused by the weight of a vehicle (not shown) causes the tire 200 to conform to the road surface 210 at the footprint F under the tire 200. This contact between the tire 200 and road surface 210 creates traction.
FIG. 2B illustrates a simplified flat road surface 210 having no irregularities, covered with water 220. It should be understood that the road surface 210 may also be covered with oil, chemicals, or any other known liquid.
FIG. 2C illustrates a simplified front view of the prior art tire 200 on a road surface 210 covered with water 220. The prior art tire 200 has grooves, sipes, and/or channels (not shown), that aid in diverting water away from the tire. When the prior art tire 200 rolls over the road surface 210, pressure from the tire 200 forces water 220 into the grooves, sipes, and/or channels, where the water 220 is diverted, allowing the tire 200 to conform to the road surface 210. However, where there is excessive water, the grooves, sipes, and/or channels may not be able to divert all of the water. In this case, water becomes trapped between the tire 200 and the road surface 210, and hydroplaning occurs.
FIG. 2D illustrates a simplified front view of a prior art tire 200 on a road surface 212 having irregularities 230. A typical road surface has irregularities. In the illustrated embodiment, the irregularities 230 of the road surface 212 are enlarged for emphasis. When the prior art tire 200 rolls over the road surface 212, the pressure caused by the weight of a vehicle (not shown) causes the tire 200 to conform to the road surface 212 at the footprint F under the tire 200.
FIG. 2E illustrates a simplified front view of the prior art tire 200 on a road surface 212 having irregularities 230 covered with water 220. It should be understood that the road surface 212 may also be covered with oil, chemicals, or any other known liquid. Irregularities 230 of the road surface 212 causes water or other liquids to collect in puddles or "micro-puddles" as shown. When the prior art tire 200 rolls over the road surface 212, the water 220 is trapped between the tire 200 and irregularities 230 in the road surface 212 at the footprint F under the tire 200, preventing the tire 200 from conforming to the road surface 212.
While tread elements, such as grooves, sipes, and channels, are known to aid in diverting water away from the tire tread, such elements are not as effective at diverting liquid when there is only a small amount of liquid present in a "micro-puddle." Referring back to FIG. 1A, graph 100 illustrates an immediate degradation in tire performance when there is even a small amount of liquid present on the road surface.
FIG. 3 illustrates one embodiment of an improved tire 300 having a circumferential tread (not shown) embedded with synthetic fibers 305. The synthetic fibers 305 each have an empty cavity (not shown) configured to be filled with water or other liquids. The circumferential tread may include grooves, slots, sipes, blocks, or any other known tread elements. The tire 300 is shown on a road surface 310 that is covered with water 320. It should be understood that the road surface 310 may also be covered with oil, chemicals, or any other known liquid. As in FIGS. 2D and 2E, irregularities of the road surface 310 may cause water or other liquids to collect in puddles or "micro-puddles" as shown.
In the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 3, as a vehicle (not shown) travels over the road surface 310, the weight of the vehicle increases the pressure under the tire 300 at its footprint F. This pressure forces water into the cavities of the synthetic fibers 305, compressing the air in the cavities, allowing the cavities of the synthetic fibers 305 to fill with the water 320. More of the road surface 310 is exposed at the footprint F, and the tire 300 conforms to a greater portion of the road surface 310. Because more of the tire 300 contacts the road surface 310, greater traction is achieved and a driver is afforded better handling in wet conditions. It should be understood that, in operation, the empty cavities in the synthetic fibers may become fully or partially filled with water.
As the vehicle moves over the road surface 310, the bottom portion of the tire 300 rotates out of the footprint F and the pressure drops outside of the synthetic fibers 305. The compressed air in the empty cavity of the synthetic fibers 305 then forces the water out, and the process is repeated.
Similarly, when the tire 300 travels over a road surface covered, or partially covered, with snow or ice, the pressure from the vehicle melts the snow or ice, creating liquid. The liquid partially or fully fills the cavity in the fiber 305, then is forced out as described above.
Referring back to FIG. 1B, simplified graph 100b illustrates that the use of synthetic fibers in tires as described above improves performance in wet conditions. This improvement is shown by reference numeral 110. As graph 100 illustrates, the synthetic fibers have the greatest impact on performance in slightly wet conditions, where only "micro-puddles" are present. However, the synthetic fibers improve tire performance in all levels of wetness.
FIGS. 4A-C illustrate exemplary embodiments of synthetic fibers 400a,b,c. In the illustrated embodiments, the synthetic fibers include cavities (i.e., voids or grooves). Because air, unlike water, is compressible, the voids or grooves of the synthetic fibers fill with water when the fibers come into contact with water under pressure. When a large amount of water is present, the voids or grooves of the synthetic fibers may completely fill with water. When a small amount of water is present, the voids or grooves of the synthetic fibers may only partially fill with water.
In one embodiment, the synthetic fibers 400a,b,c have a diameter between 5 micrometers and 100 micrometers. In another embodiment, the diameter is greater than 100 micrometers. In one embodiment, the synthetic fibers are of uniform diameter. In another embodiment, the fibers vary in diameter.
In one embodiment, the synthetic fibers 400a,b,c are cut to a length of approximately 0.5 millimeters to 15 millimeters. In one embodiment, the fibers are of uniform length. In an alternative embodiment, the fibers vary in length. Any type of synthetic fiber may be used. Exemplary synthetic fibers include DUPONT® HOLLOFIL®, polyester, nylon, or any blend of synthetic fibers. In an alternative embodiment, natural fibers may be employed alone or in combination with synthetic fibers. It should be understood that different fibers have different elasticity, strength, and other characteristics. The fiber type may be selected according to these characteristics.
Referring now to the individual figures, FIG. 4A illustrates a simplified perspective view of one embodiment of a synthetic fiber 400a. In this embodiment, the synthetic fiber 400a has a void 410 that extends along the length of the fiber. The void 410 may be created by extruding the synthetic fiber 400a. Alternatively, the void may be created by injecting gas in the fiber, or by other known manual or mechanical processes. In the illustrated embodiment, the void 410 has a generally circular cross-section. In alternative embodiments (not shown), the void may have a polygonal cross-section or an irregular cross-section defined by one or more curved or straight lines.
In the illustrated embodiment, the synthetic fiber 400a has a single void 410. Additionally, the void 410 is approximately coaxial with the longitudinal axis of the synthetic fiber 400a. In alternative embodiments (not shown), the void and the synthetic fiber do not share the same axis. Further, in additional alternative embodiments, the synthetic fiber includes a plurality of voids.
FIG. 4B illustrates a simplified perspective view of an alternative embodiment of a synthetic fiber 400b. In this embodiment, the synthetic fiber 400b includes a void 420 that is completely enclosed. The void 420 may be created by extruding a long synthetic fiber, thereby creating an elongated void. Alternatively, the void may be created by injecting gas in the fiber, or by other known manual or mechanical processes. In one embodiment, the void 420 becomes enclosed within the length of fiber by cutting the long fiber into small lengths with a hot knife or other cutting device. The heat from the cutting device seals the ends of the small lengths of fiber as shown. In the illustrated embodiment, the void 420 has a generally circular cross-section. In alternative embodiments (not shown), the void may have a polygonal cross-section or an irregular cross-section defined by one or more curved or straight lines.
In the illustrated embodiment, the synthetic fiber 400b has a single void 420. Additionally, the void 420 is approximately coaxial with the synthetic fiber 400b. In alternative embodiments (not shown), the void and the synthetic fiber do not share the same axis. Further, in additional alternative embodiments, the synthetic fiber includes a plurality of voids. In one such embodiment, the plurality of voids includes at least one void that extends along the entire length of the fiber and at least one void that is completely enclosed.
FIG. 4C illustrates a simplified perspective view of an additional alternative embodiment of a synthetic fiber 400c. In this embodiment, the synthetic fiber 400c includes a groove 430 that that extends along the entire length of the synthetic fiber 400c. In an alternative embodiment (not shown), the groove extends along only a portion of the synthetic fiber. The groove 430 may be created by extruding the synthetic fiber 400c or it may be imparted on the synthetic fiber by injecting gas or using other known mechanical or manual means.
In the illustrated embodiment, the groove 430 has a polygonal cross-section. In alternative embodiments (not shown), the groove may have a curved cross-section or an irregular cross-section defined by one or more curved or straight lines.
In the illustrated embodiment, the synthetic fiber 400c has a single groove 430. In an alternative embodiment (not shown), the synthetic fiber includes a plurality of grooves. In other alternative embodiments, the synthetic fiber includes one or more grooves and one or more voids. The one or more voids may include one or more voids that extend along the entire length of the fiber and/or one or more voids that are completely enclosed.
FIG. 5 illustrates a simplified top view of one embodiment of a tire tread 500 having a plurality of embedded synthetic fibers 510. In the illustrated embodiment, the tire tread includes a plurality of grooves 520 and sipes 530. In alternative embodiments (not shown), the tire tread may include ribs, slots, recesses, and blocks of various patterns.
In the illustrated embodiment, the plurality of synthetic fibers 510 are randomly dispersed and randomly aligned. In other words, no attempt is made to provide a uniform alignment. As shown in the illustrated embodiment, at least one of the plurality of synthetic fibers 510 is exposed to the surface of the tire tread 500. In other words, at least a portion of one of the plurality of synthetic fibers 510 is not covered by the rubber of the tire tread 500. In one embodiment, additional synthetic fibers (not shown) are completely embedded in the tire tread 500, and as the tire tread 500 wears over time, these additional synthetic fibers become exposed to the surface of the tire tread 500. In an alternative embodiment (not shown), all of the synthetic fibers are completely embedded in the tire tread and become exposed to the surface as the tire tread wears. In another alternative embodiment (not shown), all of the synthetic fibers are exposed to the surface of the tire tread.
With continued reference to the embodiment of FIG. 5, at least one of the fibers 510a is oriented such that an end of the fiber is exposed to a surface of the tire tread 500. It should be understood that for an end of a fiber to be exposed, the fiber may be oriented generally radially, or at an angle with respect to a radial line.
Further, in the embodiment of FIG. 5, at least one of the fibers 510b is oriented generally circumferentially, such that the length of the fiber is exposed to a surface of the tire tread 500. In the illustrated embodiment, at least one of the fibers 510 is exposed to at least one surface that defines a sipe 530. In other words, a portion of at least one of the fibers 510 is not covered by the rubber of the tire tread 500 and is adjacent the void defined by the sipe of the tire.
Additionally, FIG. 5 shows at least one of the fibers 510 exposed to at least one surface that defines a groove 520. Sipes and grooves aid in directing water away from a road surface. Thus, if a fiber 510 is exposed to a groove 520 or a sipe 530, when the tire travels over a wet surface, water enters the groove 520 or sipe 530 and fills the void of the synthetic fiber 510, as shown in FIG. 3.
In an alternative embodiment, illustrated in FIG. 6, a tire tread 600 has a plurality of embedded synthetic fibers 610, wherein every fiber is exposed to a surface that defines a sipe 630. In another alternative embodiment (not shown), every fiber is exposed to a surface that defines a groove.
In another embodiment, illustrated in FIG. 7, a tire tread 700 has a plurality of embedded synthetic fibers 710, wherein none of the fibers 710 are exposed to grooves 720 or sipes 730. In this embodiment, although the tire tread 700 would not direct water towards the synthetic fibers 710, the fibers 710 would still come into contact with water as the tire traveled through puddles or micro-puddles. Thus, the synthetic fibers 700 would still fill with water from a road surface, as shown in FIG. 3.
FIG. 8 illustrates a simplified top view of an alternative embodiment of a tire tread 800 having a plurality of embedded synthetic fibers 810 and a plurality of groove 820 and sipes 830. In the illustrated embodiment, all of the plurality of embedded synthetic fibers 810 are generally orthogonal to a radius of the tire. In other words, the lengths, rather than the ends, of the fibers 810 are exposed to the surface of the tire tread 800. Although the fibers 810 are generally orthogonal to a radius of the tire, the direction of each fiber 810 is random.
In the illustrated embodiment, an end of at least one of the fibers 810 is exposed to a surface that defines a sipe 830. In an alternative embodiment (not shown), every fiber is exposed to a surface that defines a sipe. In another alternative embodiment, none of the fibers are exposed to sipes.
FIG. 9 illustrates a simplified top view of an alternative embodiment of a tire tread 900 having a plurality of aligned synthetic fibers 910 and a plurality of groove 920 and sipes 930. In the illustrated embodiment, all of the plurality of embedded synthetic fibers 910 are generally circumferentially aligned and parallel to an equatorial plane of the tire. In an alternative embodiment (not shown), each fiber 910 is generally circumferentially aligned and laterally oriented. In other words, each fiber is oriented substantially perpendicular to an equatorial plane 940 of the tire. In another alternative embodiment (not shown), each fiber 910 is generally circumferentially aligned and oriented at an acute angle with respect to an equatorial plane 940 of the tire, with each fiber 910 having the same angle. In yet another alternative embodiment (not shown), each fiber 910 is generally circumferentially aligned and oriented at an obtuse angle with respect to an equatorial plane 940 of the tire, with each fiber 910 having the same angle.
In the illustrated embodiment, an end of at least one of the fibers 910 is exposed to a surface that defines a groove 920 or a sipe 930. In an alternative embodiment (not shown), every fiber is exposed to a surface that defines a sipe. In another alternative embodiment (not shown), none of the fibers are exposed to sipes.
FIG. 10 illustrates a simplified top view of an alternative embodiment of a tire tread 1000 having a plurality of embedded synthetic fibers 1010 and a plurality of grooves 1020 and sipes 1030. In the illustrated embodiment, the plurality of embedded synthetic fibers 1010 are all aligned such that the ends, rather than the lengths, of the fibers 1010 are exposed to the surface of the tire tread 1000. It should be understood that for an end of a fiber to be exposed, the fiber may be oriented generally radially, or at an angle with respect to a radial line.
In the illustrated embodiment, an end of at least one of the fibers 1010 is exposed to a surface that defines a groove 1020 or a sipe 1030. In an alternative embodiment (not shown), every fiber is exposed to a surface that defines a sipe. In another alternative embodiment (not shown), none of the fibers are exposed to sipes. In an additional alternative embodiment (not shown), every fiber is exposed to a surface that defines a groove. In yet another alternative embodiment (not shown), none of the fibers are exposed to grooves.
In addition to selecting the orientation of the fibers, the length, diameter, and elasticity of the fibers may be selected to improve tire performance. Additionally, the density of the fibers within the tread may also be selected to improve tire performance. For example, FIG. 11 illustrates a perspective view of a section of one embodiment of a tire tread 1100 having fibers 1110. In the illustrated embodiment, sipes 1120 are also shown. The tire tread may also have grooves, ribs, slots, recesses, and blocks of various patterns.
In the illustrated embodiment, the fibers 1110 include fibers 1110a that are aligned substantially radially near the sipes 1120 and fibers 1110b that are aligned laterally at locations away from sipes 1120. Additionally, the fibers are distributed at a higher density near the surface of the new tire, and at a relatively lower density further away from the surface. Further, in the illustrated embodiment, fibers with a smaller diameter are placed near the surface and fibers with a larger diameter are placed away from the surface. Additionally, fibers with a shorter length are placed near the surface and fibers with a longer length are placed away from the surface.
In one embodiment, fibers near the surface are constructed of a different material than fibers away from the surface. For example, in one embodiment, the fibers near the surface are constructed of nylon and fibers away from the surface are constructed of polyester. In an alternative embodiment, fibers near the surface are constructed of polyester and fibers away from the surface are constructed of nylon. In another alternative embodiment, other materials may be selected.
In alternative embodiments (not shown), fibers are distributed at a lower density near the surface of the new tire, and at a relatively higher density further away from the surface. In another alternative embodiment (not shown), fibers with a larger diameter are placed near the surface and fibers with a smaller diameter are placed away from the surface. In yet another alternative embodiment (not shown), fibers with a longer length are placed near the surface and fibers with a shorter length are placed away from the surface.
FIG. 12 illustrates a simplified top view of one embodiment of a tire tread 1200 having a plurality of embedded synthetic fibers 1210 and a plurality of grooves 1220 and sipes 1230. FIG. 12 illustrates the same embodiment shown in FIG. 5, after the tire has been used and the tread has become worn.
As is understood by one of ordinary skill in the art, a tire tread wears with use over time. As a tire tread wears, the surface area decreases in any grooves, sipes, ribs, slots, recesses, and blocks. As a result, the performance of the tire changes in dry, wet, and snowy conditions. As shown in FIG. 12, however, when synthetic fibers 1210 are embedded in a tire tread 1200, as the tread wears down, more of the synthetic fibers 1210 are exposed to the surface. Exposing more of the synthetic fibers 1210 promotes performance of the tire even as the tread begins to wear dependant on the density of fibers in the compound.
In one embodiment, illustrated in FIG. 12, the synthetic fibers 1210 are flattened by the pressure caused by the weight of the vehicle. In an alternative embodiment (not shown), the fibers are of sufficient strength such that they maintain their shape. In such an embodiment, the fibers 1210 simply wear away at the same rate at which the tire tread 1200 wears.
In one embodiment, each fiber 1210 remains fixed within the tread 1200 until the fiber completely wears away. In an alternative embodiment, as the tire tread 1200 wears, the synthetic fibers 1210 will fall out of the tire tread 1200.
FIG. 13 illustrates a process 1300 for making a tire having embedded synthetic fibers. In one embodiment, the process 1300 may be performed using existing tire making equipment that is known in the art.
To embed synthetic fibers in a tire tread, the at least one void or groove is imparted in a synthetic fiber (step 1310). The void or groove may be created via extrusion. In one embodiment, an extrusion process creates an air pocket along the center of the fiber. In one embodiment, the fiber has a outer diameter between 5 micrometers and more than 100 micrometers. In an alternative embodiment, an extrusion process creates a plurality of air pockets and grooves. In another alternative embodiment, grooves are imparted on the fiber by the injection of gas or by other known mechanical or manual means.
The fiber is then cut (step 1320). In one embodiment, the fiber is cut into pieces that are approximately 0.5 to 10 millimeters in length. In one embodiment, all of the fiber pieces are the same length. In an alternative embodiment, the fiber pieces vary in length.
After the fiber is cut, the lengths of fiber are added to green rubber (step 1330). In one embodiment, the fibers are added while the rubber is mixed by a mixer such as a banbury mixer, roller, or the like. In an alternative embodiment, the fibers are added while the rubber is being extruded from a mixer. After the fibers are added to the rubber, the rubber is placed in a mold (step 1340). In an alternative embodiment, the fibers are added after the rubber is placed in a mold. After the lengths of fiber are added to the green rubber, the rubber is cured in the mold (step 1350). The tire is then removed from the mold (step 1360).
FIG. 14 illustrates an alternative embodiment 1400 for making a tire having embedded synthetic fibers. In this embodiment, at the initial step (step 1410) the fiber is cut. In one embodiment, the fiber is cut into pieces that are approximately 0.5 to 10 millimeters in length. In one embodiment, all of the fiber pieces are the same length. In an alternative embodiment, the fiber pieces vary in length.
After the fiber is cut, the lengths of fiber are added to green rubber (step 1420). In one embodiment, the fibers are added while the rubber is mixed by a mixer such as a banbury mixer, roller, or the like. In an alternative embodiment, the fibers are added while the rubber is being extruded from a mixer. In another alternative embodiment, the fibers are added after the rubber is placed in a mold.
After the fiber is added to the rubber, the rubber is placed in a mold (step 1430) and gas is released (step 1440). The gas penetrates the small lengths of fibers, thereby creating openings within the fibers. In other words, gas is injected in the fibers. In an alternative embodiment, grooves or voids are initially imparted in the synthetic fiber, as in FIG. 13, and gas is injected in the fibers at a later stage to ensure that cavity is still present within the fiber.
The rubber is then cured in the mold (step 1450). In alternative embodiments (not shown), gas is released during the curing process or after the curing process. Finally, the tire is removed from the mold (step 1460).
In other alternative embodiments (not shown), the tire making process includes additional steps to provide a specified orientation of the fibers such as shown in FIGS. 8-11. In one such embodiment, after the fibers are added to the green rubber, the green rubber is extruded or rolled. The rollers or extruders apply forces on the rubber that causes the fibers to align in the direction in which the rubber is travelling. The green rubber is then wound around a carcass such that the fibers are oriented in a circumferential direction. The carcass is then placed in a vulcanization mold having a plurality of thin plates configured to impart sipes in the green rubber. When the thin plates are pressed into the green rubber, the fibers that contact the plates are forced into a radial orientation. A more detailed explanation of this process is provided in U.S. Pat. No. 6,374,885, incorporated herein by reference.
While the present application illustrates various embodiments, and while these embodiments have been described in some detail, it is not the intention of the applicant to restrict or in any way limit the scope of the claimed invention to such detail. Additional advantages and modifications will readily appear to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the application, in its broader aspects, is not limited to the specific details, the representative apparatus, and illustrative examples shown and described. Accordingly, departures may be made from such details without departing from the spirit or scope of the applicant's claimed invention.
Previous Patent: FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS PREPARED WITH SULFUR-CONTAINING INITIATORS
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Baked Chicken and Dumplings has all the flavors of Homemade Chicken and Dumplings without rolling out the dumplings. This casserole is truly magic dumplings!
My husband loves my Homemade Chicken and Dumpling recipe, and he was a little hesitant when I told him I was going to make Baked Chicken and Dumplings. He could not imagine how they would turn out, and I must say I was a little intrigued too.
I have been seeing several recipes going around, and some were a little different from others. Like my husband, I love the homemade dumplings recipe I make and did not want to vary from it.
The recipes that I have usually seen call for self-rising flour and milk, or flour and baking powder and milk, so I wanted to see if I could use my recipe which calls for flour, eggs and milk. I tried my recipe, and we LOVED them. I am still intrigued on how they came out like dumplings. Oh well, just trust me---they are delicious!
Another ingredient that I noticed everyone was using was cream of chicken soup. I didn't have any in my pantry, but I did have a can of Campbell's cream of chicken soup with herbs. I didn't know if it would take on too much of the flavors of my turkey and dressing recipe that I add herbs to or not. I wanted it to taste like dumplings not dressing. I went ahead and tried the cream of chicken soup with herbs, and the flavors were not overpowering with the flavor of the herbs so I will use it again.
In a stock pot, add water, chicken, salt and pepper. Cook until chicken is tender and easily comes off the bone. Remove chicken from broth and place on a platter to cool. Reserve the chicken stock. As soon as the chicken is cool to the touch, debone chicken and cut in cubes or shred.
Preheat oven 400 degrees F. Pour and spread melted butter in the bottom of a 9 x 13 baking dish. Arrange chicken over the butter in a single layer.
Bake uncovered for 40 to 45 minutes or until the top is golden brown.
Let cool for 10 or 15 minutes before serving.
This post maybe link up to Meal Plan Monday, Weekend Potluck, and all these fabulous parties!
This looks great all around!! It's certainly comfort food weather!
Wow, this looks like one of those things that I couldn't stop eating. What a great sounding casserole. Also love that dish. I have kept all my Pyrex over the years, love them in photos.
Thank you Lea Ann for stopping by…pyrex dishes are my favorite!
This looks amazing, Kay! So family-friendly and perfect for the cool weather that's ahead. Pinned and tweeted!
We love Chicken and Dumplings and have never had Baked Chicken and Dumplings, it looks fabulous and of course I am going to be trying the recipe, know it will be good coming out of your kitchen! Hope you are having a great day and thanks so much for sharing your awesome post with Full Plate Thursday.
Wow Kay!This Chicken and Dumplings Casserole looks so good. I've never made chicken and dumplings in casserole form. Must try it soon!
Amazing and easy! Made this for dinner tonight and my family LOVED it. Will be making this again SOON! Thank you Mrs. Kay.
So glad your family enjoyed it….thanks for stopping by CWK!!
Just popped this in the oven! Can't wait to try it!!
FAAAABULOUS recipe Kay. So glad you shared at Weekend Potluck. Congrats on being featured.
Can this be made a few hours ahead of time, kept in fridge, and then baked?
Not sure...I have not tried to make them ahead and refrigerated then baked.
Oh my, looks so Good!!!!
Okay. So, is the Dumpling part the flour topping? I wanna try this. Would a rotisserie chicken work for this recipe? Thanks!
Yes. The flour cooks in the broth and that's where all the magic happens. Yes you can use a rotisserie chi chicken. Thank for stopping by!


If you are a coffee lover, Stomping Grounds Cafe is the Cafe you must be visiting. It is a specialty coffee hub located in Jumeirah. Their menu boasts of different kinds of exceptionally brewed coffee at the on-site roastery, specialty tea (you will love the Masala Chai Latte!!) and some delicious food treats. Stomping Grounds Cafe has a great outdoor seating area and a charming ambiance topped with great service.
Cozy ambiance, Great Coffee, Delicious Food, Wonderful Water Front Views, Great Service and Very Comfortable Seating Arrangements is what you get when you are at Urban Bistro. Well, what more could one ask for! You can also get good reads from the book shelves in Urban Bistro. Located in Dubai Media City, Urban Bistro is a perfect place to spend a relaxing or productive time sitting on a comfortable couch or bench teamed up with a great cup of coffee.
Bystro is one of the coolest cafes in Dubai having artistically chalked walls showing up the delicacies and specialties they have on their menu. The ambiance is cozy and very comforting. It is kid's friendly too as it has a play area for them. Good energy, great coffee, quick service and delish food is what you can expect from Bystro. It may be difficult to get a table there during the weekends, try visiting there during a weekday!
Tom & Serg is a renowned two-storey cafe in Al Quoz. The retro stylish interiors, spacious & comfortable seating arrangement, freshly brewed coffee at the barista, all day long brunch menu and great vibes definitely makes it a cafe to look out for in Dubai. You can easily spend a very productive time there, get a good read from the book shelves or savour on the delicious treats that the menu boasts of. Once you visit Tom & Serg, I am sure you will become a regular visitor there.
Friend's avenue is an excellent cafe and restaurant with a very pleasing view of the waterfront from it's outdoor seating area. The simple and elegant decor make the ambiance of the restaurant very soothing. It serves refreshing coffee brews, good food portions and some really delicious deserts too. The staff is friendly and the service is quick too. Definitely a must visit cafe in Dubai.
Wow! This is the impression you get once you enter the Hamptons Cafe. The elegant white interiors, beautiful vibe, coziness, soothing lighting, comfortable seating and a rooftop seating with a view of the beach front makes this Cafe a real delight. They have an incredible food menu, great coffee selections, delicious sweet treats and also an amazing service. This charming cafe truly has everything you need.
Having various outlets in Dubai, The Coffee Club is a well known Cafe, not only for it's coffee but for its great dining experience too. The incredible food menu includes all day brunch varieties, some really creative dishes, freshly brewed coffee and deserts too. This cafe also possess soft warm lighting, coziness of the ambiance and quick service. The drinks and the food served are very beautifully presented, perfect for some Instagram worthy shots!
Related Read : How To Spend Your Winter Holidays In Dubai?
Have you visited any of these Cafes in Dubai or have any other recommendations? Do let me know in the comment box below.
Thank you for sharing your recommendations, will try next time !
Nice choices of cafe.. I have been to a few of them when I went home. You should try some of the tradition arab ones.
Great list & choice too! I have not tried all of these, as we had been there for the vacation & tried one – Omnia Gourmet. I loved its greenery which is hanged on ceiling & it looks truly beautiful…Everyone should try this spot 🙂 Thanks for the options you mentioned. I loved Friend's Avenue the most.


Ashfaq originally signed with David Haye but had not been out with Ringstar Promotions.
Eddie Hearn announced another signing from the GB 2016 Olympics team. He has signed Qais Ashfaq, who competed at Bantamweight as an amateur, often coming up the wrong end of Michael Conlan. He originally signed with David Haye but had not been out with Ringstar Promotions. His first fight should come in February 25 on a NXTGEN card.


I recently got some overdue roll film processed in Malaysia. Some rolls were from 2008, the latest being 2012 or so. I recall getting a few rolls of Lomography's Red Scale 120 films to test. The red scale film is simply exposing the film on the wrong side of the emulsion. The process goes through a standard development process, but depending on what ISO the film has been shot, there will always be a colour shift, from strong reds, orange to yellows. It is basically a trial and error approach for experimental effects.
These images are from a series taken at our Venice travel workshop in 2012.


Grab a handful of unpeeled, raw shrimp and add it to the pan on top of the oil - be careful not to have the pan too hot!
Add any garnish you like (cilantro, spinach leaves, anything to add color!) and enjoy!
Thai Topaz is a San Antonio favorite that is family owned. All of the dishes are made to be nutritious and delicious for all customers. The owners of the establishment created this restaurant in 2005 and have been going strong ever since. Thai Topaz has very delicious specialties including the usual Thai dishes such as Pad Thai, but they choose to create Thai flavors with fresh and familiar ingredients. They offer many different services including private parties, catering for weddings, birthdays, and more, and of course they have many different special events!
Wednesday Nights - Date Night - Enjoy a meal for 2 for $22! You can join Thai Topaz for date night and get one appetizer and two entrees for only $22. You can also enjoy some of their delicious homemade desserts for a sweet treat afterwards.
Friday Nights - Jazz Night - Enjoy a delicious meal accompanied with smooth jazz!
4th Saturday of Every Month - Latin Night - Put on your dancing shoes and dance the night away after eating a satisfying Thai meal!


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Next door to the Mountain View Cemetery in Oakland is Saint Mary's Cemetery. It's a Catholic cemetery serving parishes in Oakland, Berkeley and Alameda, and opened in 1863, two years before Mountain View.
I mentioned St. Mary's in last week's taphophile tragics post. It's where Domingo Ghirardelli moved his granddaughter's body from after a priest had refused to administer last rites as she lay dying.
There's a lot of other Oakland history represented in St. Mary's, though. It's the resting place of Edward and Virginie Rémillard. You may recall the Rémillard name from the Preservation Park walking tour. One of his brothers started a brick company in Oakland, and the company's bricks were used all over the Bay Area. Interestingly, most of the Rémillards are buried in Mt. View with Pierre, but Edward and Virginie are in St. Mary's. Read more about the Rémillards on Wikipedia and at Lives of the Dead.
One of most significant names in Oakland history is Peralta. Luís María Peralta was a soldier for the Spanish government in Mexico, and was given a large land grant which included most of the East Bay. According to Beth Bagwell's Oakland: The Story of a City, about 75 members of the Peralta family are buried in St. Mary's. And of course Peralta Hacienda in East Oakland is now a museum and historical site.
Knowing a little more about graves now, I noticed different things looking at various graves. There are lots of beautiful markers and even a number of larger mausoleums, though smaller than those at Mt. View. There are lots of 'standard' grave symbols used in the cemetery (no Masonic symbols, of course), though many more that are associated with Catholicism, like the Blessed Virgin. As with older graves in other cemeteries, the markers frequently list the birth country of person, e.g., "natives of County Galway, Ireland".
But I saw a couple things that I hadn't seen as much of before, including text in the native tongue of the deceased's family -- there were a fair number of markers in Italian. There were also a lot of markers with pictures of the deceased affixed. I saw a few of those in Mt. View and the Home of Eternity, but there are many of them in St. Mary's.
Very informative post, Gene. Your slideshow is fab. I rarely go to St.Mary's but you're making me rethink this.
Yes, agree with Carolyn re the slide show. Some great shots included. I love the marker that says 'Our Daddy'. There is anothe shot of an anchor with an entwirled snake. Any idea of this symbolism, Gene? Now that I know symbolism has an overarching meaning, I am seeing more and more of it.
Your historical cemeteries contain more flamboyant foreign names than ours do. We have mainly English, Irish and Scottish, with a few Italian and Greek creeping into the historic era. I must go find me a Chinese section. That would be of historic interest, too.
I have planned a cemetery excursion this coming Sunday, so shall try out my new found knowledge.
Many thanks for this contribution to Taphophile Tragics, Gene. I adore the level of detail, and the love and effort you clearly expend.
I went into Flickr and took a more detailed look at the 73 (!) images that make your slide-show. Such wonderful variety. What strikes me about St Mary's (and some other north American cemeteries) is the immaculate grasslands surrounded and between the markers. So well tended. Not a blade of grass out of place.
Also, here our graves are often delineated by wrought iron fences about thigh high. St Marys does not have this. I guess it is a case of vive la difference!
re: the anchor, my MV source says an anchor means hope, though sometimes it's just on the grave of a sailor.
Grave Addiction goes into more detail, with Hope or eternal life. Often on sailors' graves. Anchors are also a Masonic symbol for well-grounded hope, therefore they are often found on Masons' graves.
I've seen the iron fences in graveyards in England, but I don't recall having seen it around here. Maybe in the eastern U.S.
Saint Mary's is fairly big at 42 acres (0.17 sq. km), but neighboring Mt. View (where I've posted 250+ photos, and still have more to explore) is 5 times larger at 220 acres (0.91 sq.km) Which makes it all the more amazing they keep them in good shape, though some of the older graves in both are in need of some attention.
I like to see the subtle differences from other areas. The wording of "native of Portugal" would probably not appear on our headstone instead saying "born in Portugal". I still need to do a lot of research into the markings of grave stones.


text:
Sue Palmer (born 1948 in Manchester, England) is a former primary headteacher in the Scottish Borders and is an independent writer and consultant on primary education, particularly literacy.

Career
She has written over 200 books, TV programmes, and software packages for children and teachers. As an independent consultant, she has worked with the DfES, National Literacy Trust, Basic Skills Agency, numerous educational publishers, and the BBC. In 2004, she collaborated with Early Years specialist Ros Bayley to produce Foundations of Literacy, now in its third edition.

Palmer's book 'Toxic Childhood: how modern life is damaging our children… and what we can do about it' [Orion 2006, second edition 2015] was her first for a more general audience. It was followed by 'Detoxing Childhood' (Orion 2007), 21st Century Boys' (Orion 2009), '21st Century Girls' (Orion 2012), 'Upstart: the case for raising the school starting age and giving the under-sevens what they really need' (Floris 2016).

Since researching Toxic Childhood, she has become involved in many campaigns relating to children's well-being and mental health. She was named among the top twenty most influential people in British education in the Evening Standard's 2008 Influentials list   and has been listed in 'Who's Who' as a childhood campaigner since 2014.

She founded the Upstart Scotland campaign (www.upstart.scot), which was launched in 2016 and has since been its chair.  Upstart makes the case for a relationship-centred, play-based kindergarten stage for children between the ages of three and seven.

Letter to The Daily Telegraph
The Daily Telegraph published a letter she wrote with child specialist Richard House; signed by over a hundred experts, they call for a national debate on child education.

Bibliography

References

External links
 Sue Palmer
 {http://www.upstart.scot / Upstart Scotland]

British educational theorists
1948 births
Living people
Schoolteachers from Greater Manchester
Heads of schools in Scotland
British non-fiction writers
Alumni of the Open University
Alumni of the University of Manchester


Long before the parents bring home the new baby they are planning the nursery. What kind of crib or diaper stand? What color palette? What décor? There is a good deal of information available, but it can be confusing on its own. This well-illustrated book makes it easy: it features works by 25 design professionals who show a variety of looks for fun, age-appropriate rooms that can be easily updated as your baby grows. Included are nurseries, toddler rooms, and play rooms that feature a range of sizes, colors, and styles. Jo Ann Alston brings 30 years of experience to bear in describing the health, safety, and aesthetic requirements of baby nurseries. With more than 200 color images, inspiration boards, and sketches, this colorful book is ideal for expecting parents and growing families looking for some fun décor inspiration.
Ashley Rooney has written many architectural books, including Green Homes; Boathouses: Architecture at the Water's Edge; Spectacular Small Kitchens: Design Ideas for Urban Spaces; Barn Again; Asian Influenced Architecture and Design; Shingle Style for the 21st Century; Shore Décor; Today's Historic Interiors; and others. Jo Ann Alston is an ASID award-winning certified interior designer.
Nursery Decor 5 out of 5 based on 0 ratings. 1 reviews.
We received the book this week and it is beautiful! The book is well illustrated and I love the layout of how the rooms transitions as the baby grows.


Once you've created an email marketing document, you'll want to send it to your customers. There are three ways of sending marketing emails in the Office Accelerator phone book and each method is described below.
All emails sent from Accelerator are sent via campaigns. Sending emails using campaigns enables Office Accelerator to record and provide you details on who did what and when. A campaign consists of a single email sent to one or more lists of contacts. Any contacts that have unsubscribed or have already received the email from a given campaign are automatically removed. All activities in a campaign are tracked, including who clicked on your links in the email, opened the email, unsubscribed, and more. An email notification of a contact's activity is sent to you immediately when an activity happens, allowing you to immediately follow up with the contact one-on-one while the contact is potentially interested in your product or service.