Formula X Sport is a protein-containing sports drink similar to Accelerade but is supposed to taste better, present fewer GI issues, and not clump in your water bottle.
Test #1. Use a bottle during a fun ride.
Test #2. Test out citrus flavor during weight lifting and bike ride.
Test #3. Intense running and plyometrics.
Test #4. Use a double-strength bottle during an intense ride.
Can you compare to Accelerade's GI issues?
I also like the addition of B vitamins along with the standard electrolytes in there.
Formula X Sport is low in protein and also calories. I was getting up to 360 calories in a bottle of Accelerade, and at least 270 calories per bottle with Perpetuem, but only 92 with this stuff. That's the big difference I see.
Note: Formula X Sport recommends one packet per 30 minutes, or two packets per hour. However, that would require drinking at least 32oz water per hour. I only drink about 16oz water per hour so that wouldn't work.
This is purple, smells like grape, and tastes like grape. I find myself referring to it as the "Grape" flavor! It looks good and smells good, with the scent reminding me of Kool-Aid rather than a typical sports drink.
The taste, not surprisingly, is a lot like grape Kool-Aid. The overall taste/texture is like a mix of Hammer Heed and Gatorade. It's sweet like Gatorade, but the texture is a little rougher than Gatorade. Just a bit though. Not as chalky as Heed and Perpetuem can be, but due to the maltodextrin content, it's similar.
Berry could almost be too sweet for some people. I enjoyed it on one hour rides, but I have to wonder if I'd still enjoy it when used for 4+ hours straight.
But overall, it's a very, very good flavor!
After having the berry, I was expecting an orange Kool-Aid flavor. Wrong!
The citrus flavor seems more natural and has quite a "bite" to it! It is perhaps a mix of lemon-lime, orange, and grapefruit. But I'm not sure.
It's unlike any other drink I've tried. It's surprising at first, but the flavor is good. It's certainly less sweet than the berry was, which could make it more palatable over longer rides due to the milder sweetness without being watered down.
On my first attempt, I put a packet of Formula X Sport in my water bottle, added about 20oz cold water and a few ice cubes, and shook it up for 20 seconds.
It got foamy and looked to be mixed up, so I crossed my fingers and headed out for a ride.
On my first sip, I realized it didn't mix as well as I thought. I could taste the unmixed maltodextrin. Halfway through the bottle, I think the mixing was complete because the taste was much better!
My second attempt had me mixing up half the bottle (12oz water) and letting it sit for 10 minutes or so before finishing mixing and heading out for my ride. This seemed to work better, but wasn't perfect.
The big problem is the foam. When you shake things up, Formula X Sport creates a ton of foam. So if you shake it up and then try to add more water, you have to drink the foam to make room for the water.
I think the best option would be to dump the powder in the bottle with about 12oz water and let it sit in the fridge at least 30 minutes before your ride. You can swirl it a bit, but don't shake it up.
Then before you head out the door, add the rest of the water and ice. Then shake!
Overall, it's still easier and faster to dissolve/mix than Hammer's stuff, but not super fast like Powerbar Endurance drink.
This test was similar to the first, except I drank a little bit during a quick weight workout and finished the bottle during a 50 minute bike ride. It was a casual pace except for four, 15-second sprints. I felt perfectly normal the whole time and the drink tasted good.
The taste still good and still no real aftertaste or stickyness. The only bad thing was that you notice the grainy texture and aftertaste a tiny bit more if you're just chilling in the weight room vs being outside riding mountain bike trails.
At times, it was a gut-wrenching workout, but I kept drinking my Formula X Sport and had absolutely no issues. I felt great.
I wanted to see if I could get more calories per bottle, so I emptied two packets into my 24oz water bottle. This was a little harder to mix up, and a lot foamier, but not too bad.
This is what I'd use for my longer mountain bike races, so I did a pretty tough ride that included a six mile dirt road hill climb.
First, let me say I had no GI issues or anything like that. But remember everything I said about the good taste and texture? Forget it! Taking a double dose of this stuff ruins the flavor, texture, and aftertaste! It's bitter and chalky. The sweetness is similar, but otherwise, it's not enjoyable at all!!
After that, I highly recommend sticking with one packet of Formula X Sport per 24oz water bottle!
Great news! Post-ride, there is nothing left in the bottle except a little purple foam. A quick rinse with water and it's spotless inside the bottle! So much easier to clean than Accelerade!!
It's not cheap ($2 per packet,) but the price is reasonable. It fits right in between the prices of Hammer Heed and Perpetuem.
So you should keep in mind those differences when comparing the two.
Formula X Sport is a good-tasting drink that gives you a nice balance of protein and carbs without a lot of calories, making it a good choice for shorter races and training rides where you want a carb/protein drink but don't need tons of liquid calories.
I plan to stick with Hammer Perpetuem for my long mountain bike races, but I was very happy with Formula X Sport. The carb/protein mix and natural ingredients list really won me over.
Ask Levi: Are Recovery Drinks Worth It?


text:
Home » How? » Sentientist Politics
Politics is an important way of making change happen whether locally, nationally or internationally. Many of us have opportunities to have a political impact re: sentientist campaigns, whether by voting, starting or signing petitions, lobbying for better party or government policy, rallying or protesting or by standing for political office.
Sentientist Richard Ryder has commented that contemporary politics often lacks two crucial ingredients: "a moral theory and a respect for the facts" (Ryder (2006) quoted in "Reasoned Politics" by Suspected Sentientist Magnus Vinding).
A Sentientist politics would address both of those ingredients by representing the interests of all sentient beings and implementing compassionate, evidence-based policies to address those interests. Beyond that, sentientists hold a wide variety of political views, both with respect to economics and to forms of political organisation – but these are some common themes we might expect to see:
Representation for all sentient beings, even those not capable of directly expressing themselves politically. See Sentientist Politics by Alasdair Cochrane (he's on our wall!). Maybe instead of democracy we need sentocracy?
Evidence-based policies – carefully using the sciences, statistics, experiments/pilots/trials to develop understanding, test the results of policies and measure change
Secularism – protecting freedom of belief and non-belief, ensuring equality under the law and separating religious beliefs and ethics from government
Policy objectives and metrics focused on suffering and death reduction and enhancing flourishing
Environmental policies that focus on how critical the environment is for the flourishing of sentient life
Protecting freedom – given the importance of freedom to sentient beings, while applying constraints on freedom where justified by the risk of harm to others
Links between Sentientist Politics and Sentientist Economics.
Let us know what you think by commenting below, joining one of our online fora or contacting us (form to the right).
The following sections set out some of the political initiatives and parties we're aware of that align, at least to a degree, with sentientist politics. Please suggest more! So far, they either tend to focus on non-human animals or on humanism and rationalism. Maybe one day we'll see some that are explicitly sentientist – addressing both a commitment to evidence and reason and universal compassion for all sentient beings.
The EuroGroup for Animals is a pan-European advocacy organisation for non-human animals. They don't have a stance on naturalism. They're on Twitter @Act4AnimalsEU.
The Party for the Animals International Movement and the Animal Politics Foundation they founded helps to co-ordinate national political groups working to represent the interests of non-human animals around the world. Their stance on naturalism is unclear but they apply scientific thinking, for example through their Nicolaas G. Pierson Foundation.
The Animal Politics Foundation has a list of national parties focused on animal ethics here. They have a range of stances re: naturalism and therefore sentientism. Those below do seem to have a generally naturalistic approach:
The Animal Justice Party aims to give a political voice to animals through lobbying and contesting elections in the Australian Parliamentary System (see my conversation with AJP convener Michael Dello-Iacovo). Their policy platform includes a long-term, total transition to plant-based agriculture. As of 2022 they have three elected Members of Parliament. Their core values include a commitment to "Rationality" alongside Kindness, Equality and Non-violence. They are on Twitter at @animaljusticeAU.
Belgium:
The DierAnimal party focuses on non-discrimination (whether based on human characteristics or on species) and having compassion for all sentient beings – particularly non-human animals. They are not explicitly naturalistic, but do reject religious interests as a justification for human supremacy or anthropocentricsm. They're on Twitter @DierAnimal.
The VeganerPartiet focuses on a vegan philosophy of avoiding harm to human and non-human animals and an ecocentric concern for the environment. They don't have a clear stance on naturalism but do reference their policies being based on evidence and professional expertise. The Veganer Partiet is on Twitter at @veganerpartiet.
France:
The REV (Révolution Ecologique Pour Le Vivant) party is anti-speciesist and ecologically focused. It aims to defend the rights of humans, non-human animals, as well as (non-sentient) eco-systems and nature. They don't have an explicitly naturalistic stance but do include "Reason" in their values. REV are on Twitter @REV_leparti.
There is a Referendum for Animals in France you can support here.
Partei der Humanisten (The Humanist Party) – also on Twitter @DieHumanisten. As this brief Twitter exchange shows, they default to the standard humanist approach which expresses concern for "animal welfare" while still considering it acceptable to have sentients harmed and killed for human consumption. As with humanism more generally, it's great to show them considering non-human animals, but the deep social taboos re: animal farming seem to still hold them tightly.
The Netherlands:
Frij Links (The Free Left) is a party focused on secularism, liberalism, rationalism, freedom of thought and speech and anti-discrimination. They don't appear to have any stance re: non-human sentient animals. Their manifesto only mentions human concerns.
The Dutch Party for the Animals applies four principles to their work on behalf of all our planet's inhabitants, both human and non-human: compassion, sustainability, personal freedom and personal responsibility. Their stance on naturalism is unclear, but they refer to the application of scientific evidence.
The Animal Welfare Party. They also have a great list of other non-human animal parties and initiatives around the world.
The Humane Party focuses on a vegan, abolitionist agenda. The party describes itself as "America's Party of Science and Ethics" so also has a strong naturalistic stance.
The Farm System Reform Act has been proposed by US Senators Cory Booker (vegan) and Elizabeth Warren. This Vox article gives a good overview.
George Woodhouse
16 July 2020 at 10:45 Reply
One or two things need some deep thinking (which I'm not sure I am capable of).
Representing sentient beings who cannot express their views, by a movement controlled by human beings (who else can fulfil this role?) means we have to make assumptions about what their interests and needs are. Or we have to control and enforce what we believe they want – and if their needs and wants are not provided for in some way it isn't democratic.
And some of them will contradict the fundamental philosophy of sentientism. For example how does a human sentientist human properly represent carnivorous wildlife?
While I am empathetic with the idea of removing national borders, I believe it's a matter of degree not a binary question. People and other sentient beings will have a need to "belong" which is not in itself a bad thing and can help to forge communal groups for good not evil. The distinction is important because nationalism that sets one nation against another to the extent that one is subjugated to another, poorer than another, have less food, education shelter and healthcare than another; is in the extreme evil. But friendly competition through sport or even a certain degree of disparity in wellbeing can boost friendship, and achievements for improvement of all life forms on earth.
What we should be able to recognise, however, are those things where competition between nations (or any other arbitrary border) is good, and choose international cooperation and good will in those areas where it would be bad to do anything else.
Jamie Woodhouse Author
I agree – there are risks in us representing the interests of non-human sentients. We may well get things wrong. Still better to try, I suggest – particularly where we have reason to be confident (e.g. interests in avoiding harm, needing sustainance/security and in surviving). Arguably our most important and fundamental interests are those shared most widely with other sentients.
Agree there's no perfect solution when interests conflict. Predation is a classic and challenging example. Sentientism just says we shouldn't ignore the moral salience of any suffering, however "natural" it might seem. Surprising solutions to even this type of problem are already being explored via wild-animal suffering studies.
Also agree re: nations and groups. There are many postive things about forming communities, groups and nations. The dangers arise when those outside the group are treated without full moral consideration.
Steven Peters
17 March 2022 at 20:33 Reply
Why have you included Frij Links Jamie. From your description they appear to mirror the traditional human centred traditional.
Hi Steven, I've included them because of their explicitly naturalistic stance which aligns well with that tenet of Sentientism. As mentioned above – it doesn't seem as though they're on board with our sentiocentric moral consideration tenet… yet. Hopefully their commitment to "evidence and reason" will eventually help them realise that granting moral consideration only to humans is arbitrary and indefensible.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Tokyo Rebel: ATELIER-PIERROT Laforet Harajuku store tour!
ATELIER-PIERROT Laforet Harajuku store tour!
Editors' note: all week long, we're running a series of store tours showcasing the brands we carry and how they present themselves in Japan. We're doing this to promote our brands and the fashion in general, and also because it's fun. It's rare for anyone to be allowed to film inside a Japanese brand boutique. We do hope that after seeing these reports, you'll buy clothes from us sometime through our main web site.
According to Atelier-Pierrot, their bustle corset skirts and dresses are as popular in Japan as they are here. We'll be stocking a few of the skirts you see above as soon as we receive our next shipment from them (soon!).
The sock/corset/bag/accessory/bonnet shelf. As Ayaka says above, Atelier-Pierrot is a select store so some of these items are their own, some are from other brands. You may recognize the Victorian maiden Rose Garden and Victorian Queen bags, which we also carry.
The hair accessory and shoe table.
The left side rear rack is devoted to Mary Magdalene, Victorian maiden, Chantilly and others.
Atelier-Pierrot keeps their own dresses in the front of the store.
This is a shop-exclusive bag - you'll have to visit them to get it!
Ayaka once again. She was not the only one there that day, and everyone who was there was dressed in Atelier-Pierrot and all looked absolutely stunning. Ayaka is wearing one of the company's corset bustle one-piece dresses that she has chosen to wear as a straight dress in front and pulled up in back, which you can somewhat see in the mirror (along with yours truly's arm as I hold the camera).
Check out our Atelier-Pierrot product page to see what we've got in stock! (And what you might have recently missed...) We've got more coming soon.
Thanks to everyone at Atelier-Pierrot for letting us take pictures and video, and for a nice meeting! Hopefully we can return the favor someday.
Incidentally, while in Osaka, we stumbled upon Atelier-Pierrot's store in that city as well, and while we didn't go inside (we were on our way somewhere else), it looked nice from the outside!
To illustrate how close this industry is in Osaka as well, this store is literally across the street from Innocent World.
Angelic Pretty Milky Planet update!
New Atelier-Pierrot dresses and skirts!
PUTUMAYO double shot Harajuku store tour(s)!
Victorian maiden Press Room tour!
MAXICIMAM NEKOMIMI Harajuku store tour!
Innocent World Osaka store tour!


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This Sunday, Neil deGrasse Tyson has a "Conversation with Seth Meyers"
Photo Credit: Leslie Mullen
Is there a science to comedy?
It's a subject that StarTalk Radio has tackled before, with guests like Jon Stewart, Stephen Colbert, and Seth Macfarlane.
In fact, comedy is "baked into our DNA" and part of our show's formula.
There are plenty of shows that are focused exclusively on science, but the StarTalk Radio formula combines comedy and science, celebrity and scientist, to create a show that is unlike most others.
As I said, we've looked at the science of comedy before, most thoroughly in our episode, "A Conversation with Dan Aykroyd" where both Dan and comic co-host Chuck Nice talk with Neil about improvisation, stand-up and sketch comedy.
In this week's episode, Neil deGrasse Tyson talks about what makes good comedy with another Saturday Night Live alumnus, Seth Meyers (who is also hosting the 66th Primetime Emmy Awards this Monday night).
Seth was on SNL for 12 seasons, 8 of them as the show's head writer, so, like Aykroyd, his opinions on what's funny are worth taking seriously.
Especially on political comedy, which Seth mastered as the anchor/co-anchor of SNL's Weekend Update. Seth talks about the infamous Sarah Palin skits, which he wrote (along with on-the-fly brilliance by Tina Fey) and which even included writing some surprising lines for Palin herself.
Neil and Seth also talk about how Seth has brought a little bit of math into his current gig hosting NBC's Late Night, on which Neil was a guest and reconciled with the dwarf planet Pluto, via his regular "Venn Diagrams" and "This Week in Numbers" bits. Plus, Seth talks about playing a time-stopping super hero in The Awesomes on Hulu.
This week's episode might not be about black holes or exploring the furthest reaches of the universe, but if you're interested in exploring the world of funny, we've got a great show for you.
You can listen to "A Conversation with Seth Meyers" this Sunday, August 24, at 7:00 PM ET on our website, iTunes, Stitcher, TuneIn and SoundCloud.
That's it for now. Keep Looking Up.
–Jeffrey Simons
Get the most out of StarTalk!
Ad-Free Audio Downloads
Ad-Free Video Episodes
Stickers & Mugs
Live Streams with Neil
Priority Cosmic Queries
Early-Access Videos
Learn the Meaning of Life
Rosetta: Closing in on History
More Songs about Stars and Galaxies


text:
import collections

class Solution(object):
    def findDuplicate(self, paths):
        """
        :type paths: List[str]
        :rtype: List[List[str]]
        """
        files = collections.defaultdict(list)
        for path in paths:
           s = path.split(" ")
           for i in xrange(1,len(s)):
               file_name = s[0] + "/" + s[i][0:s[i].find("(")]
               file_content = s[i][s[i].find("(")+1:s[i].find(")")]
               files[file_content].append(file_name)

        result = []
        for file_content, file_names in files.iteritems():
            if len(file_names)>1:
                result.append(file_names)
        return result

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Houzz UK Contributor. I have been an interiors journalist since , writing several books on design and numerous features for glossy homes mags over the years..East St Paul. Incredible Timber Frame home on a manicured park like . acre lot with a x shop!! Truly amazing "one of a kind" p.rty!! Chalet lodge type feel with storey stone fireplace and cathedral ceilings in living room..View our entire inventory of New Or Used rvs and even a few new non current on RVTrader.com..View from front door, center sunken fireplace area with second floor open railing..
Sunken living room railing p.os sunken living room floor plans sunken living room outdated How to build a sunken living room raise sunken living room sunken living room safety sunken living room re.aning Traditional Style at its Best transitional family room calgary Rockwood Custom Homes The design of the living room that is suggested for you with the most recent .Open concept rewith sunken room modern indoor rail these are p.ographs of my neighbors railings with the steel our house was a half wall and it torn down .


Honeywell has reaffirmed its commitment to stop the sale and distribution of unlicensed versions of its Solstice yf (R1234yf) refrigerant, with the company's latest action involving the seizure of unlicensed refrigerant and filing of lawsuits in both the Czech Republic and Germany.
The lawsuits allege infringement of Honeywell patents covering the manufacture of R1234yf and its use in automotive air conditioning.
At Honeywell's request, Czech customs seized on 12 September a shipment of unlicensed refrigerant manufactured in China. Following seizure of the suspected infringing refrigerant, Honeywell filed suit for patent infringement against a Czech distributor for attempting to offer the product for sale.
On 16 October, Honeywell filed two separate infringement suits in Germany against a Chinese manufacturer and a Chinese distributor for attempting to sell and distribute the suspected infringing refrigerant in Germany.
Just last year, Honeywell assisted Chinese authorities with a similar infringement situation in Shanghai. The Guangzhou Baiyun Court sentenced a man to nine months of jail time plus a criminal fine of CNY 50,000 for his violation of Honeywell's intellectual property rights. This sentence followed a months-long investigation of the man's counterfeiting factory.


The cheaper and High Speed 3G/4G Internet Services provided by Telikom PNG is spreading across the country. Some of the centers already covered by the 4G network are: Port Moresby, Mt Hagen, Goroka, Kundiawa, Lae, Wewak, Kimbe, Kokopo, Buka, Kerema, Madang and now Southern Highlands.
Prime Minister Peter O'Neill has now launched 3G/4G Internet services in his Pangia district. The internet services will cover entire Ialibu-Pangia District.
At the moment Telikom PNG has one of the cheapest Internet in the country. Below is an example of their data cost.
Note: If you use the internet without buying any of the data plan above on telikom, you will be charged only 17t per Megabyte while Digicel and Bmobile-Vodafone will charge to more than 50t per Megabyte.


text:
Q: Dynamic checkboxes not loading I have a group of checkboxes of 'business units' loaded from the database upon which I want to perform validation.
As I have it setup at the moment they are not displaying even though the values did return from the db successfully.
ngOnInit() {
    this.commServe.getBusinessUnitsOnly().subscribe((data) => {
        this.businessUnits = data;
    },
        (error) => {
            this.errorMessage = <any>error;
        })
}

the formgroup is initialized in the constructor
this.registrationForm = fb.group({

        "firstName": new FormControl('', [Validators.required]),
        "lastName": new FormControl('', [Validators.required]),
        "password": new FormControl('', [Validators.required]),
        "confirmPassword": new FormControl('', [Validators.required]),
        bUnits: this.fb.array(
            this.businessUnits.map(() => this.fb.control('')),
            CustomValidators.multipleCheckboxRequireOne
        )

    })

this is the markup

      <input type="checkbox" #instance  formControlName="i" (click)="getCheckBoxValue(instance.checked, businessUnits[i].BuName)">{{ businessUnits[i].BuName}}

Why are the values not displaying?
How can I go about in rectifying this?
Thanks

A: The issue is that the constructor is called before ngOnInit. This means that your form gets created before your data loads. Since you didn't say anything about an error I suspect that you are initializing businessUnits to be an empty Array.
One way to fix your issue is to move your initialization logic to the subscribe. This will ensure that the data is loaded:
this.commServe.getBusinessUnitsOnly().subscribe((data) => {
    this.businessUnits = data;
    this.registrationForm
        .setControl("bUnits", this.fb.array(
            this.businessUnits.map(() => this.fb.control('')),
            CustomValidators.multipleCheckboxRequireOne))
},
    (error) => {
        this.errorMessage = <any>error;
    })

A: AFAIK the formControlName that references an array item should just be the index:
  <input type="checkbox" #instance  [formControlName]="i" (click)="getCheckBoxValue(instance.checked, businessUnits[i].BuName)">{{ businessUnits[i].BuName}}

See also https://angular.io/docs/ts/latest/guide/reactive-forms.html#!#form-array
Plunker example
formControlName="i"

should be
[formControlName]="i"

otherwise the string 'i' will be used as name instead of the index.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
#import "AWSModel.h"

@class NSString;

@interface AWSEC2VpnStaticRoute : AWSModel {
	NSString* _destinationCidrBlock;
	int _source;
	int _state;
}
@property(retain, nonatomic) NSString* destinationCidrBlock;
@property(assign, nonatomic) int source;
@property(assign, nonatomic) int state;
+ (id)JSONKeyPathsByPropertyKey;
+ (id)sourceJSONTransformer;
+ (id)stateJSONTransformer;
- (void).cxx_destruct;
@end


text:
Is Gone for Good Based on a True Story?
Dhruv Trivedi
'Gone for Good' is a French thriller drama miniseries that centers around Guillaume and his missing girlfriend. The show follows the distraught boyfriend's investigation as it leads him down a dark path and reveals not just his missing girlfriend's but also his own family's dark secrets. The story is full of intrigue and switched identities but is still believable enough for parts of it to have happened to people in real life. Could 'Gone for Good' have some basis in reality? Let's find out.
Is Gone for Good a True Story?
No, 'Gone for Good' is not based on a true story. The show is based on the novel of the same name by writer Harlan Coben and created for screen by David Elkaïm and Vincent Poymiro. A prolific author known for his mysteries and thrillers, Coben has penned a vast body of work spanning multiple series and standalone novels, many of which have been adapted to screen in the form of films and television series. 'Tell No One' became his first book to be adapted and was made into a French film of the same name in 2006.
'Gone for Good' is the product of a multi-million dollar deal between the author and Netflix, which reportedly has a term of five years. Under it, 14 of his books will be adapted into content for the streaming platform, with the author being involved in the productions in various capacities. What is perhaps one of the most important aspects of the deal that spawned 'Gone for Good' is that it takes the works of an American author and puts them in various international settings, making the result a cultural blend that is likely more interesting to the streaming platform's vast international audience. Therefore, 'Gone for Good' is based in France, while 'The Innocent' is set in Spain, and 'The Woods,' in Poland. All of these series, and more, are based on novels of the same name by Coben.
The author retains a degree of creative control over the adaptations, meaning that the series match his creative visions. The format is also flexible and can be tweaked to fit his novel, as opposed to having to follow a pre-set format. This allows for more creative freedom and is likely what allows 'Gone for Good' to have the interesting format of each of its 5 episodes centered around the backstories of the 5 main characters of the story. In an interview with Deadline, the author said: "If I was trying to do TV series 20 years ago, which I wasn't, the episodes would have to be 40 minutes, start with a crime, end with a crime, 22-episode seasons, that would not fit what I do. Netflix does…For my kind of storytelling, streaming fits."
'Gone for Good' is a true work of fiction based on the work of one of the most prolific fiction authors in the business. The show follows many of the themes he is known for or enjoys, including those of familial bonds, long-running mysteries, and multiple twists. So well known is his fictional storytelling prowess that, apart from his long list of literary awards, Harlan Coben was also the first writer in more than a decade to be invited to write fiction for the New York Times op-ed page. According to the author, he is almost constantly writing or thinking about writing and creating new ideas for fresh material. Therefore, the series 'Gone for Good' is based on one of his many ideas and gets a further layer of complexity because of its setting being moved from America (where the novel is based) to France.
Read More: Gone for Good Ending, Explained


Foot health is important. Our treatments are designed to promote good health and well being. At Beauty & Massage wellness center we perform an analysis of foot care and offer recommendations for care as needed.
Includes a lower leg and foot exfoliation, mask, nail and cuticle care.
A specialty foot and lower leg massage with hydrating therapeutic massage lotion. Your feet will feel renewed.


text:
Support Canada's Troops
James Joyner · Friday, August 1, 2008 · 33 comments
I saw this gigantic "Support Our Troops" poster hanging from a building in downtown Montreal over the weekend:
It's interesting to see given Canada's image as less martial than the United States, a reputation presumably earned by their sheltering of our Vietnam draft dodgers. It's useful to recall that, Mark Steyn notwithstanding, America isn't alone in sending troops into harm's way. Indeed, Canadian forces are in Afghanistan taking disproportionately heavy casualties.
Yes, even French Canadians.
We visited La Citadelle in Quebec City, the ceremonial home of the Royal 22e Régiment, whose second battalion has done two tours in Kandahar and sustained at least ten combat deaths.
UPDATE: A commenter and a correspondent, both with Canadian Forces ties, note that the soldier pictured is not in the CADPAT uniform that Canadian troops have worn for the better part of the decade. Indeed, these appear to be the old NATO-standard woodland camouflage pattern BDUs.
I have seen some young soldiers in cammo patterns that aren't CADPAT since arriving. Perhaps, though, they are some sort of cadets.
FILED UNDER: General, Afghanistan, Canada, Canadian Forces, Mark Steyn, Montreal, poster
I've heard that the Canadian forces over there are a take charge bunch and don't shy away from a fight.
Mark Steyn notwithstanding, America isn't alone in sending troops into harm's way
Here's a list of numbers of coalition deaths in Afghanistan to date.
USA: 491
UK: 113
Canada: 88
Germany: 25
Spain: 23
Denmark: 17
Netherlands: 16
France: 12
Italy: 12
Romania: 7
Australia: 6
Poland: 5
Czech Republic: 3
Estonia: 3
Norway: 3
Hungary: 2
Portugal: 2
Sweden: 2
Finland: 1
Lithuania: 1
South Korea: 1
The US, of course, leads. I haven't run the numbers, but I suspect that the combined population of the rest of the coalition doesn't exceed that of the US (300 million) by all that much. The Netherlands, for instance, has a population of around 16 million; The UK, 60 million; South Korea, 49 million; France, 61 million; Canada, 33 million; Norway, 5 million; Estonia, 1.5 million.
We're not alone over there.
flashman says:
Nice sentiment, but that's an American soldier on the banner…
I'm curious Flashy, how do you know that?
(Love your nom de blog…great books, wot?)
While Canada may have stayed out of Iraq, it was much harder for Canada to make an argument for staying out of Afghanistan. The United States was attacked, Afghanistan was in the middle of a civil war and was giving shelter to those who attacked our closest ally – count us in!
I served there, as a Sgt-Major in the Canadian Forces, in 2003-04. Many Americans / Brits / Canadians /Aussies / Kiwis would be surprised to know how closely, and well, our countries still work together in the field. The Marine MEU now in Kandahar noted that when one of their first patrols got hit, it was soldiers from a nearby Canadian FOB that came running in to assist, secure the site, and evacuate the wounded. Boston was as close to my hometown as Montreal. Alway raised the problem of who to cheer for; Les Canadiens ou/or The Bruins.
Many, perhaps even a majority, of Canadians hold a marked difference between those Americans who evaded the 'draft' in Vietnam, and those who might now come to Canada evading their 'voluntary' service in the Armed Forces of their country. Big difference there – for most Canadians anyway.
Hope you liked Quebec City, I've always thought it one of North Americas jewels.
"…..Nice sentiment, but that's an American soldier on the banner…
I'm curious Flashy, how do you know that?…."
The Canadian combat uniform is much different than the 'old' American BDUs (seen in that picture). The new Canadian combat uniforms look a bit like the new U.S. disruptive pattern uniforms – although we take a little pride in the fact we fielded them first. Although that fact is tempered by the fact that we only had issue them in the tens of thousands, vice the hundreds of thousands that the U.S. military did 😉
Really surprised that who ever made the banner made that mistake. Ah well, it is the sentiment that counts!
Only problem is some NATO troops aren't fighting. Germany for example has a poor track record. My understanding in at least the Germany case is the policies of their government and not the will of their troops that is causing this problem. I respect those who have died but the idea is not to die but to kill for your country or support those who do.
The Canadian combat uniform is much different than the 'old' American BDUs (seen in that picture).
I thank you for your service, Sgt-Major.
Triumph says:
a reputation presumably earned by their sheltering of our Vietnam draft dodgers
Dude, it goes way back to the Revolutionary War when the cowardly Canadians refused to join us in kicking the tyrannical Brits out of North America.
The Battle of Valcour Island notwithstanding, the Canadians still have little stomach for a fight–which is why we consistently have to protect them from their idiotic foreign policy decisions.
od says:
Memory tends to be selective anyway. The Canadians were in WW1 and WW2 long before the Americans. You could argue in the case of WW1 it was because they were still part of the British Empire, but by WW2 they were independent. Curiously enough, back then Canadians were thinking Americans had little stomach for a fight …
The main point about Canada going into wars is that they're seen as self-defense – Vietnam wasn't seen as self-defense for an ally, so no official participation. Same for the recent Iraq war. Afghanistan seemed like a direct attack on the US, so Canada was quick to enter. One big current difference between Canadian and American attitudes is that its very common in Canada for someone to be for fighting in Afghanistan and against fighting in Iraq (most Canadians think that if anything the Saudi's were behind the attack on the Twin Towers rather than Saddam), whereas in America most people tend to be either for or against both.
Izzy Peters says:
Either the photo is doctored or somebody screwed up (unless the guy was on exchange with the USA). Canadians went stright from wearing the old plain dark green combats to the CADPAT. Showing a guy in the US BDU is either funny or ironic, depending upon one's point of view.
Triumph should try reading some history. The White House is painted white because the President of the United States ran away and his army couldn't figure out how to construct a defensive position against Admiral Cockburn's mixed force of British regulars and CANADIAN volunteers.
PS: The dude is wearing a YELLOW ribbon; Canadian ribbons are RED. Either this is more irony or somebody in the Propaganda Dept. needs to go back to basic training.
The British burned Washington D.C. then what happen. Battle of Plattsburgh, return to status quo on the Northern border then the U.S. kick the sh*&T out the British in the Battle of New Orleans. After that the British and especially the Canadians have never been a threat to the U.S.
Have the Canadians ever won a war on their own?
Can we please stop this crap right now?
Only problem is some NATO troops aren't fighting. Germany for example has a poor track record.
It still seems strange to hear somebody say that Germany should send it's armed forces into other countries.
Sounds like the same rocket scientist who was recently telling me what weenies the Swiss are. The glorification of stupidity by the right marches on…
PD Shaw says:
America had other enemies before the Muslims, you know. Who is America's oldest enemy?
The greatest enemy America has ever known!
Curiously enough, since Canada became a nation in 1867 very few western countries have won a major war on their own … its all been coalitions of one sort or another unless you're talking about western nations invading third world countries.
anjin-san
How typical of you. If you don't like or want to answer a questions, you just start calling names.
Izzy started with the history BS. I have a couple of British friends that like making statements like that at the bar. They like bullying those who don't know much about history. I know enough to push back and I'm have no problem sticking up for the Unites States.
Coalitions can mean many things. I will simplify it to winning a war with no other major military force argumentation or easier yet a war that the country would have almost certainly have won without military help by others.
Ya know, some of you kids might not remember this, but when the Iranian crazies took over our embassy in Teheran, it was the Canadian ambassador who sheltered six of our diplomats and made it possible for them to escape Iran using Canadian passports. So can we just please STF with this silly nonsense. I mean, this is really the stupidest thread I've seen here.
Why does it matter? Is it somehow more macho to have won a war on your own? How many wars has the United States won, on it's own, against a equal or greater force than it's own?
Wayne –
How typical of you. Jingoistic crap glorifying war and demeaning a country that has been a good neighbor and ally.
BTW, have you ever kicked the sh*&T out of anyone in combat? Or are you just another armchair warrior?
Also, I am still waiting for you to school me about web design 🙂
I can tell you one thing. The Canadian, U.S., and British soldiers (along with Dutch and Australians) who are launching offensive operations together in Kandahar province could give a rats a** about who fought whom in the War of 1812. They only care that the greatest alliance the world has ever seen (formed during WWII) is still alive and well right now in Afghanistan. If you really care about U.S. troops then you'll engage in less of the "U.S.A is #1" rhetoric, as much as you might like the image of the U.S. facing the world alone, there are tens of thousands of U.S. soldiers in Afghanistan who would like to see more of an allied presence, not less, in Afghanistan. And yes, they would like to see those allies in a fighting role – as Canada is.
ABCA exercise in Kingston Ontario in 2002, an American, British, Canadian, Australian (and NZ) parade, hundreds of troops, is being dismissed by the Canadian Colonel. His choice of words of command "… soldiers of the Commonwealth, and you BLOODY rebels …. DISMISSED!" Everyone, especially the Americans, loved it. U.S. loves having a rebel 'go it alone' image, but the year is now 2008, not 1812. Lest anyone who pile on the Aussies for not doing enough in Afghanistan, remember that they had troops deployed for a fairly significant time in Vietnam.
Lots of countries have lost wars they were sure they were going to win. "Almost certainly" is pretty meaningless, unless you're talking about invading Panama. Generally countries look for allies because they need them, either militarily or politically – its really not done just because they think having allies would be fun.
Saturday, August 2, 2008 at 06:41
Jim, for my own part, I apoligize for the shocking lack of respect my countrymen — on both sides on this dumbass argument — have shown you and your country in view of your service to our joint cause in Afghanistan. I am truly embarassed by it.
I respect the much of what many of our allies have done in the past. I have enjoyed working beside Canadians, British, Australian troops in the past. The Canadians have a unique attitude toward field living conditions but they can do that since they are a much smaller force. Overall they have better trained forced than U.S. but they are nowhere the size or have anywhere near the capacity to conduct war compare to the U.S.
Izzy was the one that took the first swipe at the U.S. I have experience these swipes many times in the past. I don't believe just because we are top dogs at the moment that we do not have the right to defend the U.S.
The military success of a country isn't ultimately gage by the relative sizes of opposing militaries. That said first two to fit that requirement is Mexican—American War and the Spanish-American war. Then there are many examples where the U.S. was the major component and lead war. Then there are wars like the first GULF war where we had allies fighting besides us but by any reasonable person would acknowledge we could have won it alone. The French Navy help us some in the Revolutionary War but many thought that the ultimate results was already predetermine.
Again I would like to express my appreciation for any that have helped the U.S. in the past but that doesn't give any of them a right to go unchallenged in attacking the U.S.
Anjin
"I am still waiting for you to school me about web design"
As I recalled you lost that thread discussion.
"have you ever kicked the sh*&T out of anyone in combat"
Yes and I have served my country in many ways outside of combat.
Yes it is smart to seek out and acquire allies but that doesn't mean that a country hasn't or couldn't have done something on their own. One can't reasonably be absolutely sure about anything but the probabilities of what would have made a difference are sometimes very obvious.
I believe your intention was honorable. However if you really wanted to head off this discussion , you shouldn't have single out just the one defending his country. Pointing out the attack from both side and then throwing in a compliment to both sides tends to be more effective.
However if I am mistaken and you are one of those whose only concern is about not offending anyone who is against the U.S but have no problem with someone attacking the U.S. then disregard my first paragraph.
That said first two to fit that requirement is Mexican—American War and the Spanish-American war.
Neither of which would I consider equal to the United States military at that time, not would I consider the US alone in the Spanish-American war.
Bruce Moomaw says:
Wayne, PLEASE stop acting like a moron.
And "od": It just ain't true that "One big current difference between Canadian and American attitudes is that it's very common in Canada for someone to be for fighting in Afghanistan and against fighting in Iraq, whereas in America most people tend to be either for or against both." There are very few Americans who have EVER been against the Afghan War — there was exactly one vote in Congress against it, and one of the main arguments used by US opponents of the Iraq War is precisely that it's been a disastrous distraction from what Time magazine called (on its cover this week) "The Right War".
Like I have said before, the term coalition isn't very precise. Conflicts have many players on and off the scenes. There is a distinction with being one the main players than one for lack of a better phrase "that is along for the ride". Maybe you have some hard numbers for these wars but they weren't city states. Zachery Taylor defeated many larger forces in the war. As I already stated I have a great deal of respect for the Canadians forces. However if those like Izzy want to do comparisons the Canadians have not had anywhere near the leadership and projection of power as the U.S. has.
As for Mark Steyn: Judging from his recent literally insane book, I suspect his REAL objection to Canadians is that they won't be eager enough to help march into Europe and "cull" (to use his word) the supposedly overwhelming Moslem population there. ("Liquidate" apparently had too many Communist connotations for him.)
If you want to start calling names fine. I will not apologize for defending my country. You sound like one of those who would let anyone run the U.S. down anytime, anyplace. Not a one of you have said jack about Izzy's comments. I have compliment our allies many times in the past. Has Izzy? If the idea was to stop this discussion, then stop with the smart ass retorts.
By the way the Iraq resolution was passed by a great margin by Congress as well.
Israel Appoints First Female Battalion Commander [UPDATED]
Female GIs Flash Breasts, Thong in Mud-Wrestling Contests
American Soldier Kills At Least 15 Afghan Civilians
Pentagon Identifies Service Members Killed In Chinook Shoot Down
Nine More Die As Afghan Protests Against Koran Burning Spread


Those of us who are more analytically minded, don't identify with those different approaches to exploring and understanding the world around us and therefore tell themselves, "I'm not at creative".
Maybe you see patterns and balance in numbers?
Maybe you see patterns and balance in human interactions?
Maybe you're a scientist and use the detail to prove a hypothesis - surely, developing a hypothesis is a creative process?
Maybe you can see a cupboard full of random ingredients and whip us a feast?
You may not consider yourself creative in the 'traditional sense', but really, creativity is just problem-solving in action.
Starting your own business is one of the most inherently creative things we can do.
We're following our desires, we're filling a gap, we're seeing a need, we're solving a problem, with our businesses.
I believe we're all born creative, just in different ways.
During the Industrial Revolution, emerging industrial businesses needed a ready supply of workers to maintain their future operations.
To some degree, this is still true today, but in this time of digital and technological revolution, the nature of work is changing.
I'm not going to make any sweeping generalisations about schooling here, there's plenty of evidence to support the fact that things are changing for young people.
But what about those of us who are well embedded into our careers?
We need to find ways to continuously develop our professional skills and keep up with these smart young digital natives who are making us oldies look, well, old!
I've been reading, 'Out Of Our Minds: Learning To Be Creative' by Ken Robinson.
Your blogs should kindle your creativity not kill it!
It's your business, bring your own razzle-dazzle to your words.
Blogging is a creative. It's not an academic exercise.
It's easy to fall into the trap of writing academically. Anyone who has ever studied at a higher education level will be indoctrinated to write in a certain way in order to pass exams.
But your purpose is not to pass an exam, your purpose is to 'edu-tain' your audience. Help them to learn something new and not even realise it!
(Re-)learning creativity, leads to better, more readable blogs.


text:
Questioning the benefits of "diversity"
Williams and O'Reilly (1996) review dozens of studies showing that ethnic diversity has a negative impact on group performance.
In the two decades since, more research has reinforced that result. Alesina and La Ferrara (2005) find that increasing ethnic diversity from 0 (only one ethnic group) to 1 (each individual is a different ethnicity) would reduce a country's annual growth by 2 percent. Multiple studies (La Porta et al., 1999; Alesina et al., 2003; Habyarimana et al., 2007) have shown that ethnic diversity negatively affects public good provision. Stazyk et al. (2012) find that ethnic diversity reduces job satisfaction among government workers. Parrotta et al. (2014a) find that ethnic diversity is significantly and negatively correlated with firm productivity.
Glaeser et al. (2000) found that pairs are less trustworthy when they have different ethnicities or nationalities. The really shocking thing about this is that this study was performed on Harvard undergraduates, who we might think of as the people least likely to discriminate in this way.
Easterly, Ritzen, and Woolcock (2006) show that ethnolinguistic fractionalization has a negative impact on the rule of law. The basic story that Easterly, Ritzen, and Woolcock tell is that ethnic conflict makes it difficult to achieve a consensus on how the government should be run, thus leading to worse government.
– Social trust is negatively affected by ethnic diversity, case study in Denmark from 1979 to the present.
https://archive.fo/c38k9
– Ethnic homogeneity and Protestant traditions positively impact individual and societal levels of social trust.
http://esr.oxfordjournals.org/content/21/4/311.short
https://archive.fo/OUyT2
– "In longitudinal perspective, [across European regions], an increase in immigration is related to a decrease in social trust."
http://sf.oxfordjournals.org/content/93/3/1211.abstract
https://archive.fo/rmyv4
– Immigration undermines the moral imperative of those who most favor welfare benefits for the neediest.
http://cos.sagepub.com/content/53/2/120.abstract
– The negative effect of community diversity on social cohesion is likely causal.
https://academic.oup.com/esr/article/32/1/54/2404332/Does-Ethnic-Diversity-Have-a-Negative-Effect-on
https://archive.fo/g0CW8
– In Switzerland, social peace between diverse factions isn't maintained by integrated coexistence, but rather by strong topographic and political borders that separate groups and allow them autonomy.
://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0095660
https://archive.fo/KnJeF
– "Our analysis supports the hypothesis that violence between groups can be inhibited by both physical and political boundaries."
http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4939-1705-1_12
https://archive.fo/qHVHR
– Diversity hinders between-group cooperation at both the one-on-one and group levels.
http://spq.sagepub.com/content/78/4/324.short
– The best chance for peace in Syria is better borders (intrastate or through the creation of new states) "suited to current geocultural regions", and tribal autonomy.
http://www.necsi.edu/research/social/syria/syria.pdf
https://web.archive.org/web/20180305235733/http://www.necsi.edu/research/social/syria/syria.pdf
– Using data from US states, study finds a negative relationship between ethnic polarization and trust.
https://archive.fo/rKAIy
– Diversity is associated with more White support for nationalist parties, except at the local level where large immigrant populations cut into vote totals for nationalist parties.
http://sf.oxfordjournals.org/content/92/1/249
https://archive.fo/A2qtb
– In Australia, ethnic diversity lowers social cohesion and increases "hunkering", providing support for Putnam's thesis finding the same results in the US.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/juaf.12015/abstract
https://archive.fo/uP9Hn
– After controlling for a self-selection bias, study finds that ethnic diversity in English schools reduces trust in same-age people and does not make White British students more inclusive in their attitudes towards immigrants.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0049089X14001392
https://archive.fo/kQKsq
– In Germany, residential diversity reduces natives' trust in neighbors, while it also reduces immigrants' trust but through a different pathway.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0049089X1400074X
https://archive.fo/yEnnr
– Increasing social pluralism (diversity) is correlated with increased chance of collective violence.
https://www.jstor.org/stable/425106?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
https://archive.fo/84Kgr
– "[E]thnic heterogeneity [diversity] explains 55% of the variation in the scale of ethnic conflicts, and the results of regression analysis disclose that the same relationship more or less applies to all 187 countries. … [E]thnic nepotism is the common cross-cultural background factor which supports the persistence of ethnic conflicts in the world as long as there are ethnically divided societies."
http://www.scirp.org/reference/ReferencesPapers.aspx?ReferenceID=1251240
https://archive.fo/3chLU
– Genetic Similarity Theory (GST) could help explain why diverse groups in close proximity increases ethnic conflict and ethnic nepotism.
https://archive.fo/BxkDw
– Genetic diversity has contributed significantly to frequency of ethnic civil conflict, intensity of social unrest, growth of unshared policy preferences, and economic inequality over the last half-century.
https://www.nber.org/papers/w21079
https://archive.fo/Gjqo9
– Using social science data and computer modeling, researchers found that policies that attempt to create neighborhoods that are both integrated and socially cohesive are "a lost cause".
http://msutoday.msu.edu/news/2013/study-asks-is-a-better-world-possible/
https://archive.fo/0Gc6s
– The numbers and the genetic distance matter. Minority groups that get above a certain critical mass, and that are culturally distant from the majority culture, begin to self-segregate from the majority, moving society toward division and away from cooperation.
http://www.ifs.org.uk/uploads/publications/wps/WP201530.pdf
https://web.archive.org/web/20170208071520/http://www.ifs.org.uk/uploads/publications/wps/WP201530.pdf
– Using data from Copenhagen school registers, researchers found that native Danes opt out of public schools when the immigrant population concentration hits 35% or more.
http://emilkirkegaard.dk/en/wp-content/uploads/School-Choice-Universal-Vouchers-and-Native-Flight-from-Local-Schools.pdf
https://web.archive.org/web/20170105060304/http://emilkirkegaard.dk/en/wp-content/uploads/School-Choice-Universal-Vouchers-and-Native-Flight-from-Local-Schools.pdf
– In the most liberal region in the US, San Francisco and surrounding suburbs, White parents are pulling their kids out of public schools that are becoming increasingly asian.
http://www.americanthinker.com/articles/2005/12/the_new_separate_but_equal.html
https://web.archive.org/web/20180305235801/https://www.americanthinker.com/articles/2005/12/the_new_separate_but_equal.html
– School integration (forced proximate Diversity) will not close race achievement gaps.
http://www.usnews.com/opinion/knowledge-bank/articles/2016-01-08/the-academic-benefit-of-reducing-school-segregation-may-be-overblown
https://web.archive.org/web/20180305235741/https://www.usnews.com/opinion/knowledge-bank/articles/2016-01-08/the-academic-benefit-of-reducing-school-segregation-may-be-overblown
– Exclusionary dating is a natural consequence of racial diversity.
https://archive.fo/oBrci
– As diversity increases, politics becomes more tribalistic.
https://archive.fo/Z8YEG
– Company diversity policies don't help minorities or women, and they psychologically discriminate against White men.
https://hbr.org/2016/01/diversity-policies-dont-help-women-or-minorities-and-they-make-white-men-feel-threatened
https://archive.fo/apEKx
– Greater classroom and neighborhood diversity is linked to stronger tendencies to choose same-ethnic rather than cross-ethnic friends.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jora.12248/abstract
https://web.archive.org/web/20170105060323/http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jora.12248/abstract
– A longitudinal test of the impact of diversity finds that it makes existing residents feel unhappier and more socially isolated.
https://www.academia.edu/3479330/Does_Ethnic_Diversity_Have_a_Negative_Effect_on_Attitudes_towards_the_Community_A_Longitudinal_Analysis_of_the_Causal_Claims_within_the_Ethnic_Diversity_and_Social_Cohesion_Debate
https://web.archive.org/web/20180306000637/https://www.academia.edu/3479330/Does_Ethnic_Diversity_Have_a_Negative_Effect_on_Attitudes_towards_the_Community_A_Longitudinal_Analysis_of_the_Causal_Claims_within_the_Ethnic_Diversity_and_Social_Cohesion_Debate
– Internal dissension stoked by ethnic, social, political, and religious diversity, rather than environmental degradation, caused the collapse of the urbanized Cahokia Indian Tribe.
http://archaeologynewsnetwork.blogspot.nl/2016/02/internal-dissension-cited-as-reason-for.html
https://archive.fo/bS8Mi
– The volunteer participation rate in America hit a record low last year, declining 0.4% from the previous year, and has been declining since 2005. Not coincidentally, the racial composition of America has become more fragmented during the same time.
http://freebeacon.com/culture/volunteer-participation-hits-record-low/
https://archive.fo/QqspI
– A sense of social cohesion with the people who live around us is as happiness-inducing as love for the place itself.
https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/is-where-you-belong/201603/can-potluck-make-you-not-want-move
https://archive.fo/aP8dK
– Our desire for 'like-minded others' is hard-wired.
http://medicalxpress.com/news/2016-02-desire-like-minded-hard-wired.html
https://archive.fo/AIn9E
– "The Evolutionary Dominance of Ethnocentric Cooperation"
Recent agent-based computer simulations suggest that ethnocentrism, often thought to rely on complex social cognition and learning, may have arisen through biological evolution. From a random start, ethnocentric strategies dominate other possible strategies (selfish, traitorous, and humanitarian) based on cooperation or non-cooperation with in-group and out-group agents. Here we show that ethnocentrism eventually overcomes its closest competitor, humanitarianism, by exploiting humanitarian cooperation across group boundaries as world population saturates.
http://jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk/16/3/7.html
https://archive.fo/aVAwz
– A wealthy Virginia county that is rapidly racially diversifying is getting poorer and less socially cohesive.
https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/virginia-news/this-model-of-wealthy-suburban-living-is-starting-to-fray/2016/04/02/e9ad0ace-f107-11e5-a61f-e9c95c06edca_story.html
https://web.archive.org/web/20180222104752/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/virginia-news/this-model-of-wealthy-suburban-living-is-starting-to-fray/2016/04/02/e9ad0ace-f107-11e5-a61f-e9c95c06edca_story.html
– Gender diversity does not promote nonconformity in decision-making bodies. (But individual ability diversity does.)
http://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/abs/10.1287/mnsc.2015.2382
https://web.archive.org/web/20180305235743/https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/abs/10.1287/mnsc.2015.2382
– High ethnic diversity has a negative effect on innovation, but high "values diversity" has the opposite effect, as long as ethnic diversity is low. The best innovation happens in countries that are ethnically homogenous but diverse in values orientation.
https://archive.fo/ZL0gf
– As an explanation of recent voting behavior, ethnic origin trumps class differences. "…the political salience of white ethnicity persists, suggesting that ethnic groups do not simply dealign or politically "assimilate" over time.
https://archive.fo/ebcm2
– Globalization and the internet are increasing the proximity of human diversity and consequently increasing mutual animosity as well. "The scholars traced the phenomenon to what they called 'environmental spoiling.' The nearer we get to others, the harder it becomes to avoid evidence of their irritating habits. Proximity makes differences stand out."
https://www.bostonglobe.com/ideas/2017/04/21/how-technology-created-global-village-and-put-each-other-throats/pu7MyoAkdyVComb9aKyu6K/story.html
https://archive
Source: https://economicsdetective.com/2016/07/costs-ethnic-diversity-garett-jones/
Diversity and Multiculturalism