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See better. Look perfect.
MiSight 1 Day Contact Lens
ACUVUE OASYS with Transitions Lenses
Blue Lens Technology
Introducing our latest optometry technology
Ian Donald Optometrist has been looking after the Manly community for decades, thanks to an expert team, leading facilities and the latest optometry technology.
Cutting-edge equipment helps optometrists get the best picture of your eye condition, and the most recent addition to the clinic is a highly advanced diagnostic tool – the Zeiss Cirrus 500 OCT.
OCT technology is crucial for the detection of eye health issues such as glaucoma, Macular Degeneration and diabetes retinopathy, giving adults and seniors the best chance of early treatment and long-term vision protection.
About OCT technology
Many eye health conditions progress without visible symptoms, so you may not be aware of what's happening until the issue is picked up with an optometry test.
Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is diagnostic optometry technology that provides an advanced 3D scan of the back of the eye.
It can produce highly detailed pictures of the optic nerve, retina and macula, allowing for the highest possible accuracy in your eye test.
OCT technology helps your optometrist detect changes in the optic nerve and related eye health issues such as macular degeneration, diabetic eye disease and glaucoma, in the earliest possible stages. Early detection allows your optometrist to closely monitor the state of your eyes and develop a treatment plan as needed.
Simple, non-invasive OCT scans
OCT technology has several benefits for patients. While some people might think of OCT as something akin to an x-ray, it uses only light waves to produce cross-section imagery, so it's completely non-invasive.
It's also the only optometry technology that produces a multi-layered scan of the eye, so it provides a complete picture of every part of the eye and not just the surface layers.
The procedure takes just 10 to 15 minutes and simply involves sitting in front of the OCT machine with your head resting on a support. The Zeiss Cirrus 500 OCT automatically centres on the scan region and has a faster scan operation than previous models, providing highly accurate scans and minimising the need for rescans due to blinking or movement.
Detecting and treating eye health issues
The Ian Donald Optometrist team regularly treats adults and seniors for conditions detected via OCT, including macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma.
Macular degeneration is a common vision ailment, affecting close to one in seven Australians over the age of 50. Given it usually does not cause complete blindness, most people affected can live independently, but may have trouble reading, driving, identifying faces or focusing on detailed work like sewing. Diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma similarly worsen your vision, but if left untreated, they may lead to blindness.
Each of these eye health issues can progress without any visible symptoms, which is why a regular eye examination – and early intervention – is crucial.
At Ian Donald Optometrist, we invest in technology to help us provide the highest quality clinical services for every adult, senior and child. Please contact us for your next appointment.
CONTACT IAN DONALD OPTOMETRIST
37 -39 The Corso
Manly info@manlyoptometry.com.au 02 9977 6700 02 9977 3402
© Copyright Ian Donald Optometrist 2022. All Rights Reserved. Website by Brilliant Digital.


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Privacy PolicyAudio UX © 2021.
Privacy Policy© 2021
Hearables: Wearables For Your Ears
09 Oct 2019 • Sound Technology
What are hearables?
Hint: You may be wearing a pair right now 🎧Simply put, hearables are wearables for your ears. With advanced sensors such as gyroscopes, accelerometers, and even biometrics, these are much more than your average pair of headphones. Truly wireless earbuds take the feature sets of smartwatches from your wrists and move them to your head, making fitness tracking and health monitoring possible while you listen to music. Additionally, with so many functionalities available at your beck and call (becoming a reality with more and more compatible virtual assistants), there's less of a reason to ever take your smart headphones out—except, of course, to recharge the batteries. This increase in usage in tandem with digital audio consumption being higher than ever, could mean that the sonic branding landscape will expand dramatically.
Ear Economy
Marketers have always been trying to speak to you—that much has not changed. Until recently, it just hasn't been as easy to hear them. Traditionally, commuters might have noticed ads on the radio in the car on the way to work, or families may have had the TV on in the background while they made dinner in the kitchen. Even for those avid daily listeners, the targeting was still broad at best. Now, we hear them all the time. The proliferation of hearables and digital audio streaming services have changed listening habits so drastically that audio consumption has increased from an average of
four to five hours per day
. With a 25% increase, brands have more audio real estate to reach listeners via music, podcasts, sports, news, and more.
→ Share of Ear
Smarter Headphones
So what will brands do when they have your ear more than ever? They'll get smarter. According to what Edison Research calls
Share of Ear®
, there is already sound data behind how user attention is divided among mediums. They'll invest more. Knowing the reach that audio has, creatives are wisening up to the fact that sonic branding may be the only branding that their audience will have access to in this vertical. They'll adapt. Thanks to location settings on smartphones, they also know where you are when you are listening. This is fertile ground for dynamic, data-driven audio messaging platforms like A Million Ads. With any market disruption, there is always a learning curve. Too much targeted advertising can feel invasive, leading people to opt out of experiences. If done correctly, brands have the opportunity to become a part of your daily life rather than interrupting it.
In-Ear Insights
Take a look at how the market is paving the way for the future of sonic branding. While 2015 was deemed the "
Year of the Ear
," 2019 has seen hearables make up nearly half of the wearables segment alongside some new and exciting announcements. Even after taking a hit from the introduction of new competition from Amazon and others, Apple maintains the lion's share of the market as of Q2 2019. Samsung takes second (which is not saying much in the shadow of the AirPod) , partially due to their acquisition of JBL in 2016 and their new flagship Galaxy Buds. Out of the big names in mobile, Google's Pixel Buds did not place in the top 5. Bose, however, takes fourth place, just after Xiaomi's AirDots in third. While the list of intelligent earwear may seem interchangeable, not all are created equal. Here are some of the audio advantages offered by each earpiece.
Budding Industry
Following the success of Apple's buds (or in this case, pods) came a wave of alternative options. Pixel Buds came next, delivering real-time language translation powered by Google Translate. While more widely adopted than Glass (discontinued in 2015), Google's option did not hold up, although many are optimistic about the Pixel Buds sequel—speculated to be announced next week. This year we saw Samsung emerge with the Galaxy Buds, followed by Amazon's first offering in the category. The Echo Buds take Alexa out of the smart home, making the virtual assistant more portable and accessible than ever. Most recently, Microsoft "resurfaced" with the announcement of their own Surface Earbuds. With a day's worth of battery life, dictation, and gesture recognition, Microsoft aims to assist users in taking control of Office (and maybe their actual office, too) via the power of voice.
Hearing. Health.
Hearables, as the name suggests, can also help us hear better. As new hearing technology is being developed and miniaturized, Personal Sound Amplification Products, or PSAP, and traditional hearing aids are being replaced by a wave of smarter hearing aids. Simply amplifying the sound of the world around us can actually cause more damage than good, so these new devices allow us to control and customize what sounds we let in.Products like Starkey's Livio AI not only improve our hearing health, but our general health as well. With built-in sensors, general health tracking becomes possible. Fall detection can also send alerts to keep your body safe as well as your ears.
Augmenting the Audio Experience
Out with the "in-ear" and in with the "open-ear," Bose Frames is a revolutionary new audio product that can deliver immersive audio experiences directly to the ears without obstructing them. The ability to hear surroundings with an additional layer of dynamic audio opens up a new world of augmented reality, which they're calling
Bose AR
. Another arrival in the smart glasses category is the newly announced Amazon Echo Frames. These open-ear alternatives are slightly cheaper than Bose Frames, but aren't currently specced for audio AR capabilities. It should be noted that neither of these pseudo-"seeables" have any visual AR components.
The New Audio Industrial Revolution
If we are, as they say, in "
the new golden age of audio
," then hearables are the byproduct of what we'll call the New Audio Industrial Revolution. As seen with the products on the market, emerging technologies are reshaping the conduits through which brands speak to users. With new announcements on the way, here are some predictions as to how our daily habits might change:Hearables Will Listen for You.Not only do they aid you in your hearing, but they can now also do some of our hearing for you. The Apple Watch Noise app already alerts wearers to dangerous sound pressure level, or SPL, exposure, so it's likely this technology will relocate directly to your headsets, helping users develop healthier listening habits. Hearables Will Listen to You.With patents and rumors circulating, hearables may harness the power of bone-conduction technology not only for generating sound, but for interpreting it. Better speech-to-text means more accurate transcriptions, which will lead to better live translation. Noise-cancellation will become noise-customization.With "machine listening," AI can responsively adjust noise-cancellation fluidly throughout the day. The level may increase as you board a busy train, decrease when you arrive home, or your headphones may adaptively amplify voices when natural language processing recognizes someone speaking your name. Push notifications will push the limit.Audio-only push notifications are highlighting the necessity of sonic branding. The Galaxy Buds, for example, will play an earcon followed by the name of the app. If apps develop branded push notifications, they won't need the superfluous qualifier. Instead, you can privately know whether you should take out your phone to read that Slack message or leave the Facebook notification for later. Hearables will improve health care.Hearables can be a solution to alarm fatigue. If hospitals equip doctors, nurses, and other personnel with smart headsets, noise pollution would significantly decrease. Only the appropriate parties would hear alerts, improving both accuracy as well as your privacy. Hearables will improve security.Believe it or not, ear-recognition technology is reportedly as accurate as facial recognition, if not better. The human ear is more or less fully formed at birth and doesn't callous or change as much as fingerprints do, making it a viable candidate to unlock hearable devices. Cloud computing will make screens secondary devices.Right now, hearables are somewhat tethered (albeit wirelessly) to other devices. With a promising future of 5G and beyond, some of the onboard processing of our devices can be displaced to the cloud. One day, hearables may transcend the role of a complementary device and take up the mantle as our primary smart device. Hearables will be a fashion statement.Apple has already had a hand in destigmatizing wearables at large. Since 2016, AirPods have been popularizing hearables to the point of becoming a fashion statement. They have become so iconic, in fact, that fashion brand ASOS makes an AirPod look-a-like, strictly as an accessory.
ASOS DESIGN faux headphone ear piece in silver tone.
The Future of Hearables
This year at Modev's
VOICE Summit
, Audio UX co-founder & CXO, Eric Seay, joined the featured panel "How On-The-Go Hearables Expand Opportunities With Voice." Experts from a variety of disciplines discussed future forecasting; it's a great resource for additional information on hearing, audio content, and of course, sonic branding.
Update: Google launched their Pixel Buds with ambient computing and adaptive noise cancellation abilities, which will be available to the public on November 25, 2019.
Next Blog Post →
Next Blog Post
Small Sounds Mean Big Business
Audio UX presents a proprietary study conducted with Veritonic on the efficacy of earcons.
We'd love to hear from you. Whether you're a brand, agency, filmmaker or developer, feel free to drop us a line. We look forward to launching your Audio User Experience.
Audio UX © 2021.
auxnyc.
copied.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Diedrich Precht (* 25. November 1811 in Jübber; † 23. November 1890) war Landwirt und Mitglied des Deutschen Reichstags.

Leben
Precht besuchte zuerst öffentliche Schulen und betrieb später Privatstudien. Ab 1840 war er Landwirt in Jübber und ab 1853 Mitglied der Hannoverschen Ständeversammlung als Vertreter des größten Grundbesitzes bis 1855, als die Adelskammer wieder hergestellt wurde. Von 1864 an war er wieder Mitglied der 1. Kammer als Deputierter für die Landgemeinden, bis diese 1866 nach Besetzung des Königreichs durch preußische Truppen aufgelöst wurde.

Von 1874 bis 1878 war er Mitglied des Deutschen Reichstags in Berlin für den Wahlkreis Provinz Hannover 6 (Hoya, Verden) und die Nationalliberale Partei.

Literatur
 Hermann Kalkoff (Hrsg.): Nationalliberale Parlamentarier 1867–1917 des Reichstages und der Einzellandtage. Schriftenvertriebsstelle der nationalliberalen Partei Deutschlands, Berlin 1917.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Mitglied der Ersten Kammer der Ständeversammlung des Königreichs Hannover
Reichstagsabgeordneter (Deutsches Kaiserreich)
Deutscher
NLP-Mitglied
Geboren 1811
Gestorben 1890
Mann

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


This weekend, for my birthday, Corey took me to the Willamette Valley for some wine tasting, good food and delicious treats. We stayed at the Lions Gate Inn, the bed and breakfast we were supposed to stay at for our two-year anniversary (until I got sent to Amsterdam). We both talked about definitely wanting to reschedule and go someday, and I have to say that the Inn was most definitely worth the wait. It was adorably quaint, yet had the luxurious modern amenities we all love. Our room had an absolutely gorgeous double-sided fireplace, a massive soaking tub and the sweetest porch that exuded an almost Southern charm.
so pretty!! i love wine countries! that bath and fireplace look amazing!
I love the trees. Looks like a beautiful spot.
what a pretty weekend, and darling you are gorgeous!!!
look so pretty/relaxing/serene/fun!! jealous!! ps. love your blog!!


text:
Q: Can't connect to SMTP server from Windows 7 VPS I am trying to connect to gmails's smtp server and send email. But unfortunately, I am getting the below error:
TimeoutError: [WinError 10060] A connection attempt failed because the connected party did not properly respond after a period of time, or established connection failed because connected host has failed to respond

I have check the script in my local computer and it works. But it doesn't work on VPS. Using the below code to connect to server:
import smtplib, ssl

context = ssl.create_default_context()

with smtplib.SMTP_SSL("smtp.gmail.com", 465, context=context) as smtp_server:
    smtp_server.login(username, password)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Siezbüttel is a village and a former municipality in the district of Steinburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. Since 1 January 2013, it is part of the municipality Schenefeld.

References

Former municipalities in Schleswig-Holstein
Steinburg


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Chris Burcin
Music Teacher . Choral Conductor . Bass Voice Soloist . Choral Arranger. Accordionist
Curriculum Vitae / Resumé
Why Music Education is Matters
Go to Chris' Press kit with photos and program notes
TANGO AMOR / PARADISE CONCERTS INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER MUSIC SERIES
Chris performs regularly in Cairns on piano accordion and piano with Tango Amor and as part of Paradise Concerts International Chamber Music Series. Aside from regular milongas with the Cairns Tango Club, his performances include the Masterpieces of Music & Art (Cairns Art Museum, Feb 2014), Torchlight Tango' at the Cairns Centre of Contemporary Arts (23 November 2013) and the Cairns Festival 2012 with Ambre Hammond and Leigh Paine in 'Oblivion'.
VOICES NEW ZEALAND CHAMBER CHOIR (formerly Tower Voices New Zealand)
Chris has performed with New Zealand's national chamber choir since 2002, touring throughout New Zealand at regional arts festival and events as well as the International Festival of the Arts in Wellington many times.
Listen to 'Salve Regina' From Voices' latest CD, "Voice of the Soul"
https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/s/fwcxtguzx2am33j/02%20Salve%20Regina.mp3
Internationally, Voices NZ has taken Chris to Germany and more recently to Argentina to perform at the 9th World Symposium on Choral Music.
During his time with Voices NZ, Chris has been privileged to work with some outstanding artists, ensembles and conductors including Vladimir Ashkenazy, Simon Carrington (The Kings Singers), The Hilliard Ensemble, The New Zealand Symphony Orchestra, The New Zealand String Quartet, and many more.
Read more about Chris' most recent performances with Voices NZ as part of the Chamber Music New Zealand concert tour here. For more information, please visit the Voices NZ website.
BAROQUE VOICES— Early Music in Wellington, New Zealand
Chris was privileged to join Baroque Voices, a nationally-selected professional ensemble, for the 400th anniversary performance of Claudio Monteverdi's Vespers of 1610. The work was performed with period instruments in two sold-out concerts in St. Mary of the Angels, Wellington, New Zealand.
Baroque Voices performs both early and contemporary works, and in 2011 Chris performed in the "Brother Sun, Sister Moon" concert featuring contemporary works.
Listen to 'Umbra Animae' by NZ composer Mark Smythe
https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/s/m6l3703gvuzp1ib/BV_sample.mp3
COMRADE Z— Nelson's loudest klezmer band
Though it has never been proven, Chris is rumoured to play accordion in this East European band featuring "three wery good musician . . . and Pavel."
Often irreverent, and rarely relevant, this band has performed throughout Australasia, including the Nelson Arts Festival, Otago Arts Festival and Cairns Festival (QLD, Australia) with their "Comrade Z Radio Hour" to appreciative audiences.
Listen to 'Gas Gas' performed by Comrade Z
https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/s/7u5r511cr98lz5l/06%20Gas%20Gas.mp3
Comrade Z has been described as
"Disappointing" (the Evening Sun)
"Worth staying away from" (The Dominion Mail)
"a good reason to put Communism to rest" (The Republican Times).
Comrade Z is said to be in hiding, concocting their next show which will involve live poultry and copious amounts of borscht.
Listen to more of the band on their webpage: comradez.co.nz
BASS VOICE CLASSICAL SOLOIST
Chris has performed as a solo classical vocalist in a number of works including Mozart's Requiem, Carmina Burana, Haydn's Nelson Mass and many more.
Chris sings "In Taberna" from Carl Orff's Carmina Burana
https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/s/dqu6o27dgx9kaeo/InTaberna_sample.mp3
TRENT DE L'AMOUR AND THE SUBCOMMITTEE— Nelson's Premier Funk/ Lounge Band
Chris co-founded and played trombone, Hammond organ, keys and sang the odd tune for this 7-piece funk band. The group performed regularly around the Nelson/ Golden Bay region and developed a loyal following.
Listen to "Blarney's Stones" performed by Trent de L'Amour and the Subcommittee
https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/s/jv7mcfktlp5e5w4/02%20Blarneys%20Stones%20Demo.mp3
MUSICA FICTA— Early Music in Nelson, New Zealand
Chris co-founded Nelson's early music vocal ensemble. The group was designed to be cooperative with any member taking the initiative to programme a concert.
Musica Ficta presented two concert series under Chris' leadership: a purely sacred series at Nelson Cathedral centred around William Byrd's Mass for Four Voices, and a secular concert series, from which a live CD was produced:
CONTRAPUNTO BESTIALE
Songs inspired by creatures great and small
Musica Ficta, Nelson's vocal ensemble specialising in Early Music, performs light works with an animal connection.
Pieces include: The Silver Swan (Gibbons), Les Chants des Oyseaux (Janequin), Sweet Honey-Sucking Bees (Wilbye), Chi Chilichi (Cock-a-doodle do) (Lassus)
"Of All the Birds That I Do Know" performed by Musica Ficta
https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/s/cgl0ybnvlcw1yub/02_of-all-the-birds.mp3
NELSON SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA CONCERT
Nelson School of Music
Diedre Irons, Piano
Kenneth Young, Conductor
Beethoven – Egmont Overture
Mozart – Piano Concerto No 21 in C
Tchaikovsky – Symphony No 5


Your own studying habits can have a substantial influence on your child's want to read. Perhaps you study newspapers and publications to stay informed or merely read Learn Colors for Kids satisfaction. Your toddler will certainly discover and might even open up a guide and pretend to read.Princess Sarah Lynn's palace is ideal for the woman (age two-7) on your buying checklist this holiday season. It includes Princess Sarah, her royal pony with brush, bridle, meals, and a dining space desk and chairs.You will discover that staying absent from NeverAlways Land creates a various mental landscape, one that is broad open up to the chance that lifestyle can change for the better. Not now, perhaps. but probably.An activity guide with puzzles and video games is an additional place to maintain searching for way that children can learn Spanish for fun. Games and activities can frequently be a way for children to learn on their own. An additional helpful instrument is a Spanish DVD for children. An educational DVD that helps kids learn Spanish will maintain up the fun aspect and kids will enjoy the challenge of keeping up with a DVD.Recite nursery rhymes and sing with your child. You can even make up small rhymes and tunes about your daily actions-buckling up in the vehicle, changing a diaper, and so on. The rhyming and repetition is great language stimulation and fun for the child as nicely.Make a path out of Cheerios. Tell your girlfriend to wait in the living space, then make a route from Cheerios to exactly where you are hiding. I would make the path to one of my closets and I would remain inside and wait for my girlfriend to open it and arrive inside. After following my intimate path of Cheerios, she will be inspired and I can already feel the romance in the air.It's never as well early to start teaching your baby abilities and ideas. Even infants can get a leap start on boosting abilities and studying new concepts before they can even walk. Attempt these 3 simple games that will help your baby improve motor skills, coordination and language.Another Learn Colors for Kids game for your child is counting. You can do this with their preferred cereal or snack. Have them give you five items of cereal and you can give them two items back. How numerous pieces do you get to keep? There are many methods you can turn these enjoyable games into a learning game rather. Your child will chuckle and learn at the same time.When you're teaching piano to children, you gained't always be about to correct their mistakes or to view your students practice at home. So, when giving your pupils research, give mothers and fathers a duplicate of their research as well so that they can supervise their children at house or at minimum make certain they apply for at minimum a thirty minutes three occasions a week.Kids learn via perform. Making a playroom for your toddler is a great way to encourage studying in addition to fun. A toddler playroom doesn't have to be elaborate but it should have some fundamental components and be a secure atmosphere for your kid and his or her playmates.However I want to make a situation for really studying the phrases as well. Surveys display that this is a uncommon activity with children more youthful than two - perhaps the labelling sport is more all-natural, and may at first even seem more fun for each. But younger children are capable of listening to the writer's words as well.I can't consider credit for Mothers and fathers Magazine's neat concept for your child to discover his or her colors. Once a 7 days select a working day and devote it to a color. For a crimson working day dress your child in red garments. Include strawberries to pancakes, tomatos to eggs, or crimson meals coloring to milk. Consider your child for a walk and point out everything that is red. A crimson flower, a crimson quit-signal, a red bicycle. This is a fun way for your kid to Learn Colors.Early training can be enjoyable. It doesn't require that you send your child off to a college or it doesn't require that you flip your house into a classroom in purchase to learn. Childhood training is free. Use free products you currently have in the house in purchase to teach and inspire.The benefits of these toys are many. They can in a great deal of sizes and shapes and they can be played with by children of all ages. If you have an older child he might not want to play vehicle games with his small brother but he will always be up for building a tower. There are more complex models made especially nursery rhymes songs for kindergarten larger kids and even adults can enjoy them. The much more wood blocks you will purchase your kid the much more fun he will have making larger and bigger towers.The gadget also has 40 songs built in. Most of these are the typical nursery rhymes songs for kindergarten that children love to pay attention to. If your kid is nonetheless as well younger to understand phrases, then you can change the gadget to songs mode. This method is preferred by truly young children because the words scare them, but the melodies soothe them to sleep.


Both styles of Runners have the same minimal design and incredible comfort, but the difference lies in their material innovation. While the upper on our Wool Runners are made of merino wool, the Tree Runners are made with Tencel, which is created from Eucalyptus trees.
Our Tree Runners are better equipped for warm temperatures, as they are extremely breathable and light. You can also wear them without socks, similar to our Wool Runners!


Automatically appends a suffix (default "Game") to game project source code package names to conform to Unreal code conventions. Legacy users can choose to disable this feature to avoid re-factoring code and content.
Various bug fixes and performance improvements have also been implemented. Download PSMU 3.0 to see what's new.


text:
David "Fathead" Newman (February 24, 1933 – January 20, 2009) was an American jazz and rhythm-and-blues saxophonist, who made numerous recordings as a session musician and leader, but is best known for his work as a sideman on seminal 1950s and early 1960s recordings by Ray Charles.

The AllMusic Guide to Jazz wrote that "there have not been many saxophonists and flutists more naturally soulful than David 'Fathead' Newman."  Newman was a leading exponent of the "Texas Tenor" saxophone style, a big-toned, bluesy approach popularized by jazz tenor players from that state.

Early life
Newman was born in Corsicana, Texas, United States, on February 24, 1933, but grew up in Dallas, where he studied first the piano and then the saxophone. According to one account, he got his nickname "Fathead" in school when "an outraged music instructor used it as an epithet after catching Mr. Newman playing a Sousa march from memory rather than from reading the sheet music, which rested upside down on the stand."

Inspired by the jump blues bandleader Louis Jordan, Newman took up the alto saxophone in the seventh grade, and was mentored by former Count Basie saxophonist Buster Smith.  Newman went on to Jarvis Christian College on a music and theology scholarship but quit school after three years and began playing professionally.

Career
Newman began his career playing mostly jazz and blues, with a number of musicians that included Buster Smith, pianist Lloyd Glenn, and guitarist bandleaders Lowell Fulson and T-Bone Walker.

Sideman and soloist with Ray Charles
Newman met and befriended Ray Charles in early 1951 when Charles was playing piano and singing with the Lowell Fulson band. Newman joined Charles's band in 1954 as a baritone saxophone player, but later switched to tenor and became the principal saxophone soloist after tenor saxophonist Don Wilkerson left the band.

Many of Charles's seminal recordings during the 1950s and early 1960s feature a saxophone solo by Newman. These include hits such as "Lonely Avenue", "Swanee River Rock", "Ain't That Love", "The Right Time" (with Newman on alto sax), and "Unchain My Heart". Although his solos were short in duration, they became, as The New York Times later noted, "crucial to the Ray Charles sound". Atlantic Records' producer Jerry Wexler, who worked with Charles, called Newman Charles's "alter ego on tenor". Charles said that Newman "could make his sax sing the song like no one else". As Newman himself put it: "I became famous for playing 8-bar and 12-bar solos!"

In 1959, Newman released his debut album as a leader, Fathead: Ray Charles Presents David Newman, with Charles playing piano. He stayed with the Ray Charles band until 1964, and rejoined the group in 1970–1971.

Later work
After leaving Charles's band, Newman worked with Herbie Mann's band in 1970–71, and recorded albums for Atlantic, Warner Bros., Prestige and Muse. Newman did session work with a variety of artists, including Aretha Franklin, B.B. King, Joe Cocker, Gregg Allman, Dr. John, and Natalie Cole on her Unforgettable album.  In 1978 he released a single called Keep the Dream Alive from the LP of the same name.  The track which promotes his use of flute together with a disco beat made it into the Billboard and Disco Charts.
He also worked as a sideman with Jimmy Scott, B.B. King, and Lou Rawls.  He also scored films and performed in the Robert Altman film Kansas City and did a national tour with the band from that 1996 film for Verve records. In 1990 he was nominated for a Grammy Award for recordings with Art Blakey and Dr. John.

Over the years up to 2008, Newman recorded more than 38 albums under his own name, including his first, Fathead: Ray Charles Presents David 'Fathead' Newman, recorded in 1958, but not released until 1960, and the second, The Sound of the Wide Open Spaces!!!!, with James Clay, produced by Cannonball Adderley.

Newman also played R&B and blues, appearing on recordings with Jimmy Scott, Stanley Turrentine, Aretha Franklin, B.B. King, the Average White Band, Jimmy McGriff, Eric Clapton, John Stein, Natalie Cole, Hank Crawford, Aaron Neville, Queen Latifah, Richard Tee, Dr. John, Cheryl Bentyne of The Manhattan Transfer, and country-rock/tex-mex artist Doug Sahm. The late Roy Hargrove, trumpeter, band leader and composer (1969–2018) credits hearing Mr. Newman play while Hargrove was still a high school student and being enthralled by his jazz improvisation. Mr. Newman performed with Hargrove and recorded several tunes on Hargrove's 1995 album entitled Family.

Personal life
Newman was portrayed by Bokeem Woodbine in the 2004 Ray Charles biopic Ray starring Jamie Foxx. While praising Foxx's performance as Ray Charles, Newman disputed the accuracy of the film's depiction of himself, in particular its portrayal of him as having introduced Charles to hard drugs.

Newman died in Kingston, New York, on January 20, 2009, at the age of 75, of pancreatic cancer.

Discography

As leader/co-leader
 Fathead: Ray Charles Presents David 'Fathead' Newman (Atlantic, recorded 1958)
 The Sound of the Wide Open Spaces!!!!, with James Clay (Riverside, 1960)
 Straight Ahead (Atlantic, 1961)
 Fathead Comes On (Atlantic, 1962)
 House of David (Atlantic, 1967)
 Double Barrelled Soul (Atlantic, 1968) with Jack McDuff
 Bigger & Better (Atlantic, 1968)
 The Many Facets of David Newman (Atlantic, 1968)
 Captain Buckles (Cotillion, 1971)
 Lonely Avenue (Atlantic, 1972)
 The Weapon (Atlantic, 1973)
 Newmanism (Atlantic, 1974)
 Mr. Fathead (Warner Bros., 1976)
 Front Money (Warner Bros., 1977)
 Concrete Jungle (Prestige, 1978)
 Keep the Dream Alive (Prestige, 1978)
 Scratch My Back (Prestige, 1979)
 Resurgence! (Muse, 1981)
 Still Hard Times (Muse, 1982)
 Heads Up (Atlantic, 1987)
 Fire! Live at the Village Vanguard (Atlantic, 1989) with Hank Crawford, Stanley Turrentine
 Blue Head (Candid, 1989)  with Clifford Jordan
 Blue Greens & Beans (Timeless, 1990) with Marchel Ivery & the Rein de Graaff Trio
 Return to the Wide Open Spaces (Amazing, 1990) with Ellis Marsalis Jr. and Cornell Dupree
 Bluesiana Triangle (Windham Hill, 1990) with Bluesiana Triangle
 Bluesiana II (Windham Hill, 1991) with Bluesiana Triangle
 Mr. Gentle Mr. Cool (Kokopelli, 1994)
 Under a Woodstock Moon (Kokopelli, 1996)
 Chillin' (HighNote, 1999)
 Keep the Spirits Singing (HighNote, 2001)
 Davey Blue (HighNote, 2001)
 The Gift (HighNote, 2003)
 Song for the New Man (HighNote, 2004)
 I Remember Brother Ray (HighNote, 2005)
 Cityscape (HighNote, 2006)
 Life (HighNote, 2007)
 Diamondhead (HighNote, 2008)
 The Blessing (HighNote, 2009)

As sideman
With Laverne Butler
 A Foolish Thing to Do (Maxjazz, 2000)

With Ray Charles
 The Great Ray Charles (Atlantic, 1957)
 Yes Indeed! (Atlantic, 1958)
 Ray Charles at Newport (Atlantic, 1958)
 What'd I Say (Atlantic, 1959)
 The Genius of Ray Charles (Atlantic, 1959)
 Ray Charles in Person (Atlantic, 1960)
 The Genius Hits the Road (ABC-Paramount, 1960)
 The Genius After Hours (Atlantic, 1961)
 Sweet & Sour Tears (ABC-Paramount, 1964)
 Jazz at the Philharmonic: Ray Charles - Berlin, 1962 (Pablo, 1996)

With Hank Crawford
 The Soul Clinic (Atlantic, 1962)
 From the Heart (Atlantic, 1962)
 Double Cross (Atlantic, 1968)
 Mr. Blues Plays Lady Soul (Atlantic, 1969)
Night Beat (Milestone, 1989)
Tight (Milestone, 1996)

With Cornell Dupree
 Teasin'  (Atlantic, 1974)

With Eddie Harris
 The Electrifying Eddie Harris (Atlantic, 1967)
With Randy Johnston
Detour Ahead (HighNote, 1998 [2001])
With JW-Jones
 Kissing in 29 Days (NorthernBlues, 2006)

With B.B. King
 There Must Be a Better World Somewhere (MCA, 1981)
 Let the Good Times Roll (MCA, 1999)

With Charles Kynard
 The Soul Brotherhood (Prestige, 1969)

With Junior Mance
 I Believe to My Soul (Atlantic, 1968)
 Live at the Top (Atlantic, 1968)
 Truckin' and Trakin' (Bee Hive, 1983)

With Herbie Mann
 The Inspiration I Feel (Atlantic, 1968)
 Mississippi Gambler (Atlantic, 1972)
 Hold On, I'm Comin' (Atlantic, 1973)
 First Light (Atlantic, 1974)
 Waterbed (Atlantic, 1975)
 Surprises (Atlantic, 1976)
 Reggae II (Atlantic, 1976)

With Arif Mardin
 Journey (Atlantic, 1974)
With Jimmy McGriff
The Starting Five (Milestone, 1987)
The Dream Team (Milestone, 1997)
Straight Up (Milestone, 1998)
Feelin' It (Milestone, 2001)
With Meeco
 Amargo Mel (Connector, 2009)

With Jane Monheit
 Never Never Land (N-Coded, 2000)
With Buddy Montgomery
Ties of Love (Landmark, 1987)
So Why Not? (Landmark, 1988)
With Lee Morgan
 Sonic Boom (Blue Note, 1967)

With Don Patterson
 Mellow Soul (Prestige, 1967)

With Jimmy Scott
 All the Way (Sire, 1992)

With Shirley Scott
 Shirley Scott & the Soul Saxes (Atlantic, 1969)

With Lonnie Smith
 Think! (Blue Note, 1968)
 Boogaloo to Beck: A Tribute (Scufflin' Records, 2003)

With John Stein
 Green Street (Challenge, 1999)

Other appearances
 The Atlantic Family Live at Montreux (Atlantic, 1977)

References

External links
 Starpulse.com
 David "Fathead" Newman page at Artist Direct.
 Worcester Radio Interview with David Newman
 [ David Newman discography at AllMusic.com]
 David "Fathead" Newman discography at Jazzlists
David "Fathead" Newman interview on In Black America, January 8, 1985 at the American Archive of Public Broadcasting

1933 births
2009 deaths
20th-century African-American musicians
20th-century American male musicians
20th-century American saxophonists
21st-century African-American people
African-American saxophonists
American jazz saxophonists
American male jazz musicians
American male saxophonists
Deaths from cancer in New York (state)
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Hard bop saxophonists
HighNote Records artists
Jazz musicians from Texas
Jazz-blues saxophonists
Mainstream jazz saxophonists
Musicians from Dallas
People from Corsicana, Texas
Soul-jazz saxophonists


The next generation of recliners has arrived in fine style. Beyond its perfectly placed pillow support and sumptuous chenille-feel upholstery, Ernestine power lift recliner with dual motor design takes custom comfort to a new level. With the touch of a button, power lift feature gently eases you from the ultimate slumber into a lift-and-tilt position to get you back on your feet, effortlessly.


…yes, literally pennies in cost, plus (admittedly) a few hours effort.
As I have mentioned on several occasions, for our main gaming effort of 2016, we are looking at a large series of connected scenarios around the actions of the British 6th Airborne Division on D-Day. You cannot start a campaign like this without playing a scenario around Pegasus Bridge.
The scenario I have (from Red Devils in the Night, a Battleground WWII scenario book) shows the Orne canal with trenches running down both banks.
I looked at how much it would cost to buy six feet of ready made resin trench – this ended up with a price tag of around £50.
The spec for these was very simple – they had to be able to hold a team of infantry (5 or 6 figures). Since the vast majority of our figures are based on small coins, the trenches had to be that wide.
The first thing was to create a basic wooden frame for the entrenchment.
This basecoat then had a couple of lighter drybrush coats were applied, and the wooden boards were drybrushed with two shades of grey to age them. Finally, a layer of flock, followed by a layer of static grass was applied.
And that's all there is to it. The project took four nights to complete, primarily due to waiting for glue, filler and paint to dry. However, the final result looks pretty good, and as I said, costs pennies to produce. As you can see, the entrenchments fit an infantry team well.
The only thing I would change, in hindsight, is that I would have made eight of the trenches into two-part sections, that could be joined in the middle. Considering how well these turned out, I'll probably look at doing this in due course.
They look great, are cheap and very effective. What's not to love?


text:
Tesla inventory rises 7% after first-quarter gross sales surge
Posted on April 5, 2021 by
People look at a Tesla Model Y car in a Tesla showroom in Beijing on Jan. 5, 2021.
Wang Zhao | AFP | Getty Images
Tesla stock rose over 7% in premarket trading on Monday as investors cheered production and delivery numbers that far exceeded expectations.
At 6:40 a.m. on Monday, the company's shares rose 7.44% to $ 711 in premarket trading.
Tesla reported Friday that it delivered 184,800 vehicles and produced 180,338 cars in the first quarter of 2021. Analysts had expected the company to deliver around 168,000 vehicles as of April 1, according to FactSet estimates.
It was a record quarter, beating the company's 180,570 shipments in the fourth quarter of last year.
In a statement on Sunday, Wedbush analyst Daniel Ives raised Tesla to "Outperform" and raised the company's 12-month price target from USD 950 to USD 1,000.
"In our opinion, the 1Q delivery numbers released on Friday were a paradigm shift, showing that global pent-up demand for Tesla's Model 3 / Y is reaching its next phase of growth amid a global green tide," Ives wrote in the note. "We now believe that Tesla could exceed 850,000 shipments for the year, with 900,000 a broad target, despite chip shortages and various automotive supply chain problems."
Meanwhile, in February, a filing showed that Tesla's sales in China more than doubled last year due to the coronavirus pandemic. The electric car manufacturer's sales in China were $ 6.66 billion – roughly one-fifth of the company's sales of $ 31.54 billion.
Despite a bumper 2020, it's been a tough year for Tesla so far, as stocks fell over 9% in 2021.
– CNBC's Lora Kolodny contributed to this report.


text:
JUDAS PRIEST's ROB HALFORD Promises 'Some Really Big Surprises' For 50th-Anniversary Tour
JUDAS PRIEST singer Rob Halford spoke to Rolling Stone about the band's plans for a 50th-anniversary tour, which is expected to launch next spring/summer.
"I've been feverishly working over the last few weeks and months with our stage designers to make something very, very special," he said. "We're gonna go deep, deep, deep into the catalogue and try to find songs that we've never played before and wrap it up into the history of PRIEST and the 50th anniversary. The official PRIEST 50th spectacular starts next year. So it's gonna be a great show. We've got some really big surprises and it's gonna be a wonderful celebration of PRIEST and British heavy metal."
Bassist Ian Hill recently told Austin Chronicle about JUDAS PRIEST's plans to mark the half-century milestone: "Technically, the 50th anniversary is this year, but we weren't called JUDAS PRIEST until 1970, so we thought we'd leave it till next year. There's a few ideas in the pipeline, but nothing solid yet, apart from the fact that we will tour."
Hill, who is the sole remaining original member of JUDAS PRIEST, was asked whether he feels like the last man standing in the band. "Em, not really, only when people mention it," he laughed. "I mean Rob, obviously, and Glenn [Tipton, guitar] still counts as well, although he's not doing a great deal of live work. He's always there, and of course Scott [Travis, drums] has been with us since 1989. And even Richie Faulker [guitar], this is his ninth year. So, it's a fluid current, if you know what I mean. So, no, I don't feel like the last man standing, or anything like that."
Halford said last fall that PRIEST was having discussions with the group's management and label about how to commemorate the band's 50th anniversary, which he called an "incredible milestone." A short time later, Faulkner told Metal Kaos that the 50th-anniversary tour will be "an event that the fans will really remember. It is in progress, and we are talking about what we want to do, but in true JUDAS PRIEST fashion, it is going to be something everyone will remember. We want to give back to the fans because, as I said, they have put the band there for nearly 50 years and they are still coming to the shows, they still love the band, so, yeah, it will be something special."
Halford joined JUDAS PRIEST in 1973 and Tipton signed on in 1974. Rob left PRIEST in the early 1990s to form his own band, then returned to PRIEST in 2003. Founding guitarist K.K. Downing parted ways with the band in 2011, and was replaced by Faulkner.
A month before the start of PRIEST's "Firepower" tour, Tipton bowed out due to the worsening of his Parkinson's disease, first diagnosed five years ago (after being stricken by the degenerative condition at least half a decade earlier). His spot in the band is being filled by "Firepower" album producer Andy Sneap.
Downing said in October 2018 that all of PRIEST's living former and current members should be involved in the group's upcoming 50th-anniversary celebration.


Love our Water Marbles? Then order them in bulk for your next event or party! This listing is for 10 bottles of Water Marbles in either Rainbow, Berry Bliss (pinks and purples) and Ocean (blue and green). Just tell us which colours you would like.


text:
Take the Money and Run is a piece of artwork by Jens Haaning, commissioned by the KUNSTEN Museum of Modern Art Aalborg in Denmark in 2021. The artwork consists of an empty canvas, intended to act as a commentary on poor work wages.

The Kunsten Museum commissioned Haaning to reproduce two of his earlier pieces in which he represented the annual wages of Austrian and Danish workers by framing piles of kroner and euro bills, offering the artist with 532,549 Danish kroner to use for the reproductions; instead, Haaning delivered two blank canvases to the museum. The museum demanded that Haaning return the money that was originally intended for the artwork, and in turn triggered a response from the author:

Kunsten Museum has since filed a civil lawsuit to recover the money from Haaning.

References

2021 in art
Works by Danish people


Mitzpe Ramon - Mitzpe Ramon Map Negev Desert, Israel.
Mitzpe Ramon site map. Press the pictures/site icons on map for additional information. A good place to start your visit here is our Visitor Center of Mitzpe Ramon. In this site you will find complementary information about accommodations in Mitzpe Ramon. Our jeep tours is located in Mitzpe Ramon and our toursbegins here. For more information about our tour sites see our complete jeep tours map of the Negev Desert, Israel.


THE INFORMATION PROVIDED IN THIS PAGE IS NOT UPDATED.
SINCE FEBRUARY 2016 ANY FISCAL DOCUMENT IS REQUIRED.
Taxation of flat rate reimbursements are not due if: (a) the subject receiving the reimbursement is a Public Body or (b) the subject is a fiscal resident in a country where there is a treaty between Italy and the country itself to avoid double taxation *, or (c) the expenses incurred for accommodation and meals exceed the flat rate reimbursed (120 euro per night, 20 euro per meal).
If Italian taxpayers register on eCost an institutional bank account (of a University or a public body e.g. a government-funded research center) rather than a personal one, the reimbursement will not be subject to any tax deduction. The Grant Holder will reimburse the Institution where the Participant belongs to, and the Institution will reimburse the Participant according to the rules internal to the Institution.
If all the expenses incurred for accommodation and meals exceed the flat rate reimbursed (120 euro per night, 20 euro per meal – 40 euro per day). In this case the Grant Holder needs all the receipts.
If the participant register on eCost an institutional bank account (of a University or a public body e.g. a government-funded research center) rather than a personal one, the reimbursement will not be subject to any tax deduction. The Grant Holder will reimburse the Institution where the Participant belongs to, and the Institution will reimburse the Participant according to the rules internal to the Institution.
Send a declaration released by the tax office stating that the participant is a fiscal resident in the country, taking advantage of a treaty between Italy and the country itself to avoid double taxation, if such treaty exists*. The declaration must be sent in electronic form, together with the travel reimbursement form and a scanned copy of passport of the participant. Finally, the form linked below requiring the application of the agreement has to be filled in. The declaration and the form should also be provided in original *preferably* during a meeting or at the mailing address indicated above (if possible by express courier).
If all the expenses incurred for accommodation and meals exceed the flat rate that will be reimbursed (120 euro per night, 20 euro per meal – 40 euro per day). In this case the Grant Holder needs all the receipts.
* the list of countries that signed a fiscal treaty with Italy can be found here (http://www.finanze.it/export/finanze/Per_conoscere_il_fisco/fiscalita_Comunitaria_Internazionale/convenzioni_e_accordi/convenzioni_stipulate.htm).


Getting a payday loan in Grant Park has never been simpler!
Sudden financial situations are stressful for everyone. Do you stuck in a poor situation and you need money now but cannot borrow them from family and friends, and your next pay check is far away? It could be an urgent car repair or a bill that absolutely have to be paid – in a time when they are maxed out on their credit cards. We provide our customers with the best pay day loan possible. It's so easy because we truly understand your needs. Our target is not only to make sure that our loans are the most customized but also to treat our clients as the real partners.
Payday Loans Grant Park - professional and quick help Everybody knows it but it's pretty annoying when we do not have enough of savings to deal with this situation. We'll help you get the cash you need today. Choose Payday loans in Grant Park because of fast, simple and convenient online application process. You don't need to meet with representatives of the lending company before obtaining a cash loan. Handle the money flow issue today and have a good night's sleep tonight. Quick online loans are necessary sometimes, and when it does, it's better for you to deal with a solid and trusted company. That is why we are here for you. Our online loan application process is extremely quick and 100% safe and confidential. Our agents will contact you after you submit your application. And your payday loan can be deposited on your bank account even the same day!
Why you should choose Payday Loans Grant Park? Our payday loan process was designed to help you in hard situations. When it comes to your money, trust the best! We are a trustful corporation that provides instant and efficient service to people needing pay day loans. We are one of the most experienced lending lenders in USA so that is why we have set up the best online short term loans available 24/7. We operates with simplicity, honesty, and transparency. We are offering clearly defined fees terms, and straight short-term rates. We don't sell any private customer information to anyone.
Payday Loans Online - Apply online now! A payday loan is a sort of loan when you need some extra amount of cash before your next paycheck. They can provide you with a fast source of funds when you need it most. If you are dealing with some kind of financial problems at the end of month cause you made your finances wrong, apply for ourfast loan in Grant Park.


What is your 2014 BHAG?
"It was the summer of last year when I was called into my boss's office. After we talked for a while about the previous year's parts sales volume, current trends and market conditions, he threw down the gauntlet and gave me the challenge to significantly grow our Parts Sales business. His instructions were pretty brief – 'Just do it.' I wasn't certain about what should be done 'to do it.' I did feel trusted, supported and empowered.
"I made a few organizational changes. We have six locations and 27 people selling parts. I added a couple of people and promoted two others to team leaders in two of our branch locations. Then I got together with all the parts folks and we developed our sales strategy, our plan for the year ahead. Our plan for sales growth revolved around a greater focus on the customer. We encouraged and empowered everyone to go visit customers, make more outgoing phone calls, and proactively reach out as much as we possibly could.
"We upped our marketing support materials, produced several content-rich brochures, and we took team pictures and emailed them to our customers for a personal touch with our marketing messages. We were quick to give out t-shirts and other gifts. We took every opportunity to show our customers how important they are to us! And our sales numbers grew daily.
As we move into 2014, challenge your team to a BHAG (big hairy, audacious goal). Communicate the importance of the goal and give your team the trust, authority and empowerment to achieve your intended end. You will look back on 2014 as one of the best years of your life.
Inshure 2014 Starts with a Roar!
End your year on a high and leverage the exciting promise of the New Year. We will tailor a program for you that will guarantee your year ends on a high note and you will rocket forward with high octane into 2014.
Call us today to schedule your tailored program!!


text:
Q: Integration Jbehave and LoggingSelenium There is a great library to generate reports in selenium, called LoggingSelenium, that gives nice, detailed reports, like this one
Is there any way to integrate this library to jbehave (given that it uses selenium)?
or is there some way to obtain these kind of detailed reports for jbehave (at a selenium command level)?

A: There probably is but I've not seen it done.  When configuring the running of JBehave, you will have a SeleniumConfiguration (if you create a maven project from the archetype, you can see a good default setup).  However, that uses Selenium 2 (aka WebDriver).  And there are typically Before/After steps to setup the WebDriver, given a WebDriverProvider (a JBehave class).  I've seen screenshot capture on failure - also done as a JBehave AfterStory method.
JBehave also has a StoryReporter interface for tracking events as the story is executed but that's not really what you are looking for.  This is more a configuration of the Selenium infrastructure.
Big question is if LoggingSelenium works with the WebDriver API.


text:
package com.mattbertolini.camclient.net.urlconnection.support;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.Scanner;

/**
 * @author Matt Bertolini
 */
public class InputStreamPayload implements HttpPayload {
    private InputStream payload;
    private ContentType contentType;

    public InputStreamPayload(InputStream payload, ContentType contentType) {
        this.payload = payload;
        this.contentType = contentType;
    }

    @Override
    public ContentType getContentType() {
        return this.contentType;
    }

    @Override
    public InputStream getInputStream() {
        return this.payload;
    }

    @Override
    public void writeTo(OutputStream outputStream) throws IOException {
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(this.payload, this.getContentType().getCharsetOrDefault());
        while(scanner.hasNextByte()) {
            outputStream.write(scanner.nextByte());
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Despite nearly a century of scientific enquiry, there is still much we don't understand about large fires in the landscape. This is highlighted by a recent study that identifies a previously undocumented form of bushfire propagation – one that can have a potentially catastrophic effect on fires in rugged terrain.
This year, gourmet trendspotters believe that, in addition to embracing sweet cheeses and beer geekery, 2012 will be all about 'food citizens' connecting with like-minded communities.
Imagine a world without turtles and tortoises. Unfortunately, many of the world's turtle and tortoise species are at risk of extinction within a few decades, as more of their habitats are lost or degraded and they are killed for their meat or shells, or their eggs are dug up and eaten.
A new study finds that exotic pets and stowaway animals present some of the highest risks for the introduction and establishment of new invasive animals in Australia. Associate Professor Phill Cassey and Dr Wendy Henderson report that more effort is needed to collect comprehensive and reliable records on the likely origins of emerging threats – which will require a concerted effort from biosecurity agencies and border authorities.
The 'science of desert living' is a new area of research that investigates livelihoods and opportunities for the people and landscapes of the desert. Local knowledge and cultural difference are the drivers of the development of desert Australia.
Concrete pushing urban water quality 'over the edge'?
It's known as urban stream syndrome. The streams and rivers running through many of our cities are getting sick: not just from the pollution and waste carried by stormwater into gutters and drains, but from another, unexpected source – the concrete pipes and infrastructure carrying the water.
It is approaching dusk as the vehicles complete their five-hour trek from Dili and come to a stop outside the community centre in Baguia, Timor Leste. We are greeted by the local school teachers and shown to the guest house that will be our home for the next five days.
If you were to ask a room full of managers, policymakers, or even scientists, if they should be monitoring the outcomes of their conservation actions, the answer from most would be a resounding 'yes'. They would argue that if we don't understand the benefits of our investment, how can we possibly know if we are doing the right thing and if our investment is worth it?
Greener chips to power down electronics?


text:
Updates / Construction nearing completion on Populous designed PNG National Stadium
Construction nearing completion on Populous designed PNG National Stadium
Construction of Papua New Guinea's National Football Stadium is on target with three months until completion. The stadium is due to open in February 2016 after almost all materials had to be shipped in from overseas and will become the National Stadium for Rugby League in Papua New Guinea.
Construction of Papua New Guinea's National Football Stadium has been challenging said Populous Principal Shaun Gallagher.
"Papua New Guinea has a very small manufacturing base meaning all material had to be manufactured overseas in Australia, China and Japan and shipped in. The manufacturing experts, such as fabric roof specialists, needed to be on site and work alongside local tradesmen to help with installation," he said.
The redeveloped stadium will include 3,000 permanent seats and 12,000 seats in a modular grandstand system. This has been designed to allow future staging to enable an ultimate capacity of 25,000 seats.
Assembly of the structural steel after its arrival from China
The installation of pre-cast concrete seating plats which are craned into position.
Workers install safety netting to prepare for the roof fabric installation
The stairs are made of steelwork fabricated in China. This provides the formwork into which concrete is poured in-situ.
National Football Stadium's Corporate Deck
View of the field from the corporate lounge. In total there will be 10 corporate suites and one corporate lounge area
Papua New Guinea does not have easy access to turf, with the result meaning the playing surface is being grown from seed.
Intricate steel facade to the lift lobby and stairway.


Austin in springtime is no place to be a goth. It is 32C in the midday sun, yet Heather Baron-Gracie, the lead singer of Pale Waves, is maintaining vampiric levels of paleness under a jet-black thatch of hair, a PVC jacket, red flannel tartan trousers and huge black leather platform boots. Thank God, or Satan, that the backstage tent at the Texas music festival South by Southwest (SXSW) comes with free bottles of factor-50 sunblock.


text:
import * as React from 'react';
import Color from 'color';
import { Icon, Popover, Whisper } from 'rsuite';

interface ColorType {
  hex: string;
  name: string;
}

interface ColorPanelProps {
  colors: ColorType[];
}

export default function ColorPanel(props: ColorPanelProps) {
  const { colors } = props;
  return (

          Color

            <Whisper placement={'top'} trigger="hover" speaker={<Speaker />}>

                Ratio <Icon icon="question2" />

            </Whisper>

          Noraml
          Large

        {colors.map((item, index) => {
          const a = Color('#575757').contrast(Color(item.hex));
          const b = Color('#fff').contrast(Color(item.hex));
          const contrast = Math.max(a, b);

          const styles = {
            background: item.hex,
            color: a > b ? '#575757' : '#fff'
          };

          let levelNoraml = '';
          let levelLarge = '';

          if (contrast >= 3) {
            levelLarge = 'AA';
          }

          if (contrast >= 4.5) {
            levelNoraml = 'AA';
            levelLarge = 'AAA';
          }

          if (contrast >= 7) {
            levelNoraml = 'AAA';
          }

          return (

                {item.name}:{item.hex}

              {contrast.toFixed(1)} : 1
              {levelNoraml}
              {levelLarge}

          );
        })}

  );
}

function Speaker() {
  return (
    <Popover title="Contrast Ratio" style={{ width: 700 }}>

        The latest accessibility guidelines (e.g.,

          WCAG 2.0 1.4.3)

        require that text (and images of text) provide adequate contrast for people who have visual
        impairments. Contrast is measured using a{' '}

          formula

        that gives a ratio ranging from 1:1 (no contrast, e.g., black text on a black background) to
        21:1 (maximum contrast, e.g., black text on a white background). Using this formula, the
        requirements are:

          3 : 1 - minimum contrast for "large scale" text (18 pt or 14 pt bold, or
          larger) under WCAG 2.0 1.4.3 (Level AA)

          4.5 : 1 - minimum contrast for regular sized text under WCAG 2.0 1.4.3
          (Level AA)

          7 : 1 - "enhanced" contrast for regular sized text under WCAG 2.0 1.4.6
          (Level AAA)

    </Popover>
  );
}


Inthree men from the Chicago area sued Hooters after being denied employment at an Orland Park, Illinoisrestaurant.
When you're living the life of a orange-and-white-uniform-wearing shooter gal, you better believe that those dainty digits can't be clashing with those recognizable outfits. Covering the hottest movie and TV topics that fans want. As any woman knows, anything that cuts off the line of your leg like a thick white sock makes it tough for your legs to look lean, but hey — if they think the scrunch truly works, scrunch away. Michigan is the only state that includes height and weight as bounds for non-discrimination in hiring. We're offended by this "anti curves" law, too!


text:
"Мисията невъзможна 2" () е американски шпионски екшън от 2000 г. на режисьора Джон Ву с участието на Том Круз. Това е вторият филм от едноименната филмова поредица.

Български дублажи

Източници

Външни препратки

Филми от 2000 година
Американски шпионски филми
Американски екшън трилъри
Филми, базирани на сериали


text:
Catholic theology of the body
In Roman Catholicism, the theology of the body is based on the premise that the human body has its origin in God. It will be, like the body of Jesus, resurrected, transformed and taken into heavenly glory. Theological anthropology is based on this premise. The 1950 dogma of the bodily Assumption of the Virgin Mary is the latest dogmatic manifestation of the Catholic theology of the body. It states that Mary, who is in Christian theology Mother of God but also a human being, "was assumed body and soul into heavenly glory. Anyone, who should dare willfully to deny or to call into doubt, has fallen away completely from the divine and Catholic Faith". <ref name="Munificentissimus Deus 44,45">Munificentissimus Deus 44,45</ref>
1.1 Church fathers
1.1.1 Clement of Alexandria
1.1.2 Origen
1.1.3 Irenaeus
1.1.4 Didymus the Blind
1.1.5 Gregory of Nazianzus
1.1.6 Gregory of Nyssa
1.1.7 Ambrose of Milan
1.1.8 Augustine of Hippo
1.2 Thomas Aquinas
1.2.1 Man the image of God
1.2.2 Animals, the likeness of God
1.3 Pope Pius XI
1.4 Pope Pius XII
1.4.1 Ethics
1.4.2 Family planning
1.4.3 Body and soul
1.4.4 Mary and the resurrection of the body
1.5 Pope Paul VI
1.5.1 Limited rights over the body
1.5.2 Control of the body
1.5.3 Social and economic development
1.5.4 Christian compassion
1.6 Pope John Paul II
1.7 Pope Benedict XVI
1.7.1 Nature of Love
1.7.2 40th anniversary of Humanae Vitae
The theology of the body has a long history and tradition within the Catholic Church. Early Church fathers wrote on the role of the body and its relation to the soul, often elevating soul over body. But like the soul, it is also created by God in his image. This is important even today, as the existence of a soul is the basis for much Church teachings on the human body, in areas such as abortion. Ambrose of Milan and Augustine of Hippo applied these views in their teachings on the human body, virginity and celibacy. Thomas Aquinas developed a systematic view, which dominated Church teachings and ecumenical councils including Vatican II. All recent Popes contributed from different angles to the theology of the body. Current issues include the dignity of the body in light of its divine origin and destination, its eventual resurrection; virginity, the Christian sacrament of marriage, and derived issues such as faithfulness and contraception. The latest official Church teaching on the subject was the encyclical Deus Caritas Est (On Christian Love) from Pope Benedict XVI, promulgated on Christmas, December 25, 2005.
Some early Church fathers, like Origen were preoccupied with the body and its impediments.<ref>Ramsey, 58</ref> The theology of early Church fathers focused on the body in terms of its origin, condition before the fall and destination and relation to the soul.<ref>Ramsey 56</ref> Questions were raised as to whether the body may impede the soul in its attempt to be the image of God. These questions, addressed by the ancient Church, are relevant to a modern theology of the body, because they relate to concerns and definitions as to the beginning and nature of human life.<ref>Ramsey, 17</ref>
Clement of Alexandria (140?-220) views the body as the inferior partner in the body-soul relationship. The body tends to be sinful. The soul has three advantages over the Body: she gives unity and life to the body. She allows the body to reason, which is manifested in her clearer vision of things after death. Finally, the soul is oriented towards God, while the body is oriented towards food and sex. The body is the grave of the soul, but also her residence, her home and her vehicle <ref>Ferdinand Gahbauer OSB, Höhepunkt der Schöpfung, Heiligenkreuz 2008, 46</ref> Clement believed that the first humans were quite innocent until they got trapped by the pleasures of the body.<ref name="Ramsey 57">Ramsey 57</ref> The first humans, by misusing their body, misused their free will and decided to sin.<ref name="Ramsey 57"/>
Like Clement, Origen (185-254?) was an African. Also like Clement, Origen considers the human body a prison of the soul. Only the soul existed in paradise, according to Origen, the body was taken on by Adam and Eve; as they were cast out of the paradise.<ref name="Ramsey, 59">Ramsey, 59</ref> The body tends to be oriented toward lust and sin, but it is also a creation of God. God created the body like a work of art in his image. This creation reflects God's intelligence. The human body is (eikon) somehow similar to God. To be completed as a mirror of him, is the task for every Christian. Unlike the human body, the soul is an image of God. The body cannot be an image of God, otherwise God would look like a human being with a human body.<ref>Gahbauer 51</ref> Only soul can see God, but she is caught between the flesh and spirit. She constantly has to make a choice between the two. Origen suggests, that Christians should free themselves from bodily restrictions as much as possible in this life. The body is important however, in the context of resurrection.<ref>Gahbauer 52</ref> Origen believes that only the resurrection of the body makes any sense. While he heeds Saint Paul, that the resurrection of the body will mean a new body, he insists, its identity must be recognizable. Yet, he states, our hope for resurrection is not one for worms, and our souls do not yearn for another decayable body.<ref>Gahbauer 54</ref>
[[File:Saint Irenaeus.jpg|200px|thumb|right |Irenaeus The body, formed in the image of God, and the soul, which has adopted the Spirit of the Father, in harmony, make up the perfect human being ]]
The body, formed in the image of God, and the soul, which has adopted the Spirit of the Father, in harmony, make up the perfect human being, according to Irenaeus (died around 202).<ref>Gahbauer, 56</ref> The Greek Gnosis and some Christians had looked down on the human body as inferior. Irenaeus defends the body because it is the creation of God and a negative view would cast shadows both over God and his creation. The story of creation in the book Genesis (later quoted by Pope John Paul in his lectures on the body) shows, that the first human being, Adam, was indeed an image of God. Adam had supernatural life, immortality, super-natural sanctity and a closeness to God. Since he was free of the human need to sleep, he could see God without interruption. By giving in to temptation, he lost all these attributes.<ref>Gahbauer, 57</ref>
The importance of Christ for the human body is the restoration of the original status before the Fall. Those who accept Christ are redeemed and become children of God, regaining eternal life. However those who live only by their body and its needs, will not share eternal life.<ref name="Gahbauer, 59">Gahbauer, 59</ref> The resurrected bodies will show beauty beyond human imagination. To show the way to this destination, the Son of God became human, and accepted the human body, thus helping human beings to recognize their destination in God. Only by subjugating one's will to the will of God, can this destination be reached, according to Irenaeus.<ref name="Gahbauer, 59"/>
Irenaeus believed that the first humans, Adam and Eve had a child-like relation to their body. They had no idea of evil, concupiscence and lust. They enjoyed a balanced sexuality, not ashamed as they kissed or hugged each other.<ref>Ramsey, 56</ref> According to Irenaeus, the fall was a result of a childish lack of discretion, which made Adam susceptible to the devil and led him into disobedience to God. The Fall was a result of naïveté, not of bad intention, according to Irenaeus.<ref>Ramsey, 57</ref>
Didymus the Blind (died around 398) , who lived and taught in Alexandria, was blinded at the age of five. God, according to Didymus, created the human being with body and soul, both good, until the fall by Adam and Eve. Didymus believed that the soul continues to be an image of God, while the body does not.<ref>Gahbauer, 78</ref> The unity of body and soul is therefore for Didymus a degradation for the soul. Limited by the body, she cannot develop. Whenever something higher mixes with something lower, an inferior mix is the consequence according to Didymus. He compares this with wine being mixed with water.<ref name="Gahbauer, 79">Gahbauer, 79</ref>
The body has some functions for the soul. The body informs the soul of the sensual world around them. Didymus called the body the outer person and the soul the inner person. The outer person is perishable.<ref name="Gahbauer, 79"/> The inner person is eternal. The heart of the person leads the person as a whole towards good or bad deeds. Didymus maintains freedom of will, which is however weakened through the fall of Adam of Eve. A person who uses his free will to be a spiritual person, dominating all subordinate material instincts, becomes similar to God. This similarity must be goal of all human undertaking.<ref>Gahbauer, 82</ref>
Gregory of Nazianzus
Gregory of Nazianzus (330-390) contemplated on the origin of the human body. Man was created by God with body and soul, a visible and invisible part, like the angels. He was created to praise God like they did.<ref>Gahbauer, 90</ref> The body was given to man, so he may suffer and eventually die, and thus not consider himself to be God. The material essence of the body separates us from God, like a cloud, or, as Gregory stated, like the cloud between the Egyptians and the Israelites.<ref>Gahbauer, 91</ref>
By giving man a perishable body, man was saved from the deep Fall of Lucifer into eternal damnation. Gregory does not describe the human body before the fall, but he states that the bodily existence of man was free of any illness, needs or problems. The human body was related to God and free of sin towards him. The Fall consisted in false pride, a revolt against God.<ref>Gahbauer, 91,92</ref>
Regarding the relation between body and soul, Gregory states, the body is related to the soul, like the way in which the soul is related to God. To explain human existence, Gregory uses the concept of light: God is the most sublime light, He cannot be penetrated or defined. He is followed by the angels, and then by human beings. Man is the image of God but only in his soul, not in his body.<ref>Gahbauer, 93</ref> He is therefore also a mixture of eternal and temporal. The grace of God created the soul of man. His body was created for suffering, to overcome his pride. The soul is destined to lead the body and be purified like gold in a fire. The soul is oriented towards God and yearns to communicate with him. The human body is the lower element of the human person. Through the body, man experiences his temporal existence. But Gregory also admired human beauty and the bodily abilities to dream, sleep and memorize. The body can be both a friend and enemy of a person, according to Gregory. The final goal is a unity of the soul with God, which is possible with Grace and the assistance of the Holy Spirit according to Gregory.<ref>Gahbauer, 93-94</ref>
Gregory of Nyssa (335-394) was a bishop who wrote, among others, about the creation of the human body. Unlike Irenaeus, Gregory states, that the soul does not need to acquire the vision of God; she has this vision from beginning.<ref>Gahbauer 95</ref> The mixing with body and material things let the soul deviate from its divine vision and fall. Human efforts must therefore be oriented toward recreating this vision and thus participating in the Divine life. This can be done, so Gregory, by turning away from evil, and returning to God. A human being is defined not by his/her body but by his/her soul, with its spiritual and intellectual capacities.<ref name="Gahbauer 97">Gahbauer 97</ref> The soul alone is in the image of God. Gregory also has a positive image of man by stating his freedom and independence. God is truly free and the freedom of man, even if limited, is an image of God. Not only his freedom, but also his ability to love - God is love - and his immortality, make man an image of God.<ref name="Gahbauer 97"/>
Regarding the human body, Gregory opines that it is created for procreation. In that, humans are like animals; however, the human body also has the capacity for reasoning and perception. The body has three forms of life: the vegetative, sensual and intellectual. The human body derives its dignity from the fact that the Son of God had adopted it.<ref>Gahbauer 98</ref> But Gregory also considers the human body a heavy weight on the soul. The destination of man is to achieve similarity to God, through purification. Sin, passion and ambition must be renounced. The sacraments of the Church are a great help. Like Calvin 1300 years later, Gregory argues that God's grace, not man's efforts, determines an individual's ability to see God. God draws man upwards towards Him.<ref>Gahbauer 104</ref> He climbs step by step, without knowing where he is going. The soul is driven by her love for Him, whom she has not found. The love of God, so Gregory, increases in the soul, the more she knows Him.<ref>Gahbauer 105</ref>
[[File:AmbroseOfMilan.jpg|190px|thumb|left|Ambrose of Milan wrote that perpetual virginity is a noble gift which the Christian religion has bestowed on the world.]]
To Ambrose of Milan, the body lives in a duality with the soul and must be subjugated. Control of the body is essential for Christian life. Total control is virginity. Virginity and perfect chastity consecrated to the service of God allows the body to become the image of God. It is to Ambrose one of the most precious treasures which Christ has left as his heritage to the Church. He asserted that perpetual virginity is a noble gift which the Christian religion has bestowed on the world. Virginity is not new or even Christian. Pagans imposed this way of life on the Vestals for a certain time. Ambrose writes, "We read that also in the temple of Jerusalem there were virgins. But what does the Apostle say? 'Now all these things happened to them in figure', that this might be a foreshadowing of what was to come " <ref>Ambros., De virginibus, lib. I, c. 3, n. 12; PL XVI, 192.</ref> Mary is the model of virginity: No wonder that the Lord, wishing to rescue the world, began his work with Mary. Thus she, through whom salvation was being prepared for all people, would be the first to receive the promised fruit of salvation.<ref>Ambrose of Milan, Expositio in Lucam 2, 17; PL 15, 1640</ref>
To sow the seeds of perfect purity and to arouse a desire for virginity has always belonged to the function of the priesthood." <ref>Ambros., De virginitate, c. 5, n. 26; PL XVI, 272.</ref>
Augustine is the father of many contemporary theological views on the body. He dwelled at length on the condition of the human body before and after the fall. He was convinced that the heavenly state consisted in complete control of mind over body, especially in the area of sexuality.<ref>Ramsey 59</ref> To illustrate this point, he notes, that some people can wiggle with their ears, nose or even hair, completely at their will. This condition of complete freedom and absence of lust existed for human sexuality too before the fall.<ref name="Ramsey, 59"/> The body must be controlled, and therefore Augustine like his teacher Ambrose considered virginity of the human body the superior way of Christ. He considered matrimony a triple blessing in light of its offspring, conjugal faith and being a sacrament: "In conjugal faith it is provided that there should be no carnal intercourse outside the marriage bond with another man or woman; with regard to offspring, that children should be begotten of love, tenderly cared for and educated in a religious atmosphere; finally, in its sacramental aspect that the marriage bond should not be broken and that a husband or wife, if separated, should not be joined to another even for the sake of offspring. This we regard as the law of marriage by which the fruitfulness of nature is adorned and the evil of incontinence is restrained.<ref name="ReferenceA">St. Augustine De bono coniug., cap. 24, n. 32</ref>
He quoted St Paul saying that young girls should marry, arguing that they should bear children to be mothers of families'." <ref name="ReferenceA"/> Augustine was one of the first and most important Church fathers who wrote, that contraception is wrong: "Intercourse even with one's legitimate wife is unlawful and wicked where the conception of the offspring is prevented. Onan, the son of Juda, did this and the Lord killed him for it." <ref>De coniug. adult., lib. II, n. 12, Gen, XXXVIII, 8-10.</ref>
[[File:Saint Thomas Aquinas.jpg| 210px |thumb |right| Thomas Aquinas: The image of God in man is in three ways]]
Man the image of God
Thomas Aquinas deals with a number of questions, most importantly, the question of man as image of God.
Since man is said to be the image of God by reason of his intellectual nature, he is the most perfectly like God according to that in which he can best imitate God in his intellectual nature. Now the intellectual nature imitates God chiefly in this, that God understands and loves Himself. Wherefore we see that the image of God is in man in three ways.<ref name="newadvent.org">The Summa Theologica of St. Thomas Aquinas, Second and Revised Edition, 1920, Part One, Article 4. Whether the image of God is found in every man? http://www.newadvent.org/summa/1093.htm</ref> This means according to Thomas,that man has a natural aptitude for recognizing, understanding and loving God, for which however, he requires His grace.<ref name="newadvent.org"/>
Animals, the likeness of God
But are animals also created in the image of God, who created them? Thomas has a unique answer: in all creatures there is some kind of likeness to God, he argued. But in the thinking person, whom he called "the rational creature," there is a likeness of "image"; whereas in other creatures we find a likeness by way of a "trace." <ref name="Revised Edition 1093">The Summa Theologica of St. Thomas Aquinas Second and Revised Edition, 1920Article 6. Summa Theologica, Whether the image of God is in man as regards the mind only?http://www.newadvent.org/summa/1093.htm</ref> Thomas explains the difference between trace and image. "An "image" represents something by likeness in species, while a "trace" represents something by way of an effect, which represents the cause in such a way as not to attain to the likeness of species.<ref name="Revised Edition 1093"/>
Pope Pius XI
Catholic doctrine from early on and supported by the Council of Trent, considered virginity to be the holiest state for humans; however, marriage was allowed for those without the fortitude required to live an abstinent life. In Casti Connubii, Pius XI repeatedly quotes Augustine, who teaches, that among the blessings of marriage, the child holds the first place. Pius XI also followed Augustine in upholding the indissolubility of marriage and the wrongfulness of sexual acts that impede conception:
Small wonder, therefore, if Holy Writ bears witness that the Divine Majesty regards with greatest detestation this horrible crime and at times has punished it with death. As St. Augustine notes, "Intercourse, even with one's legitimate wife, is unlawful and wicked where the conception of the offspring is prevented.<ref>Casti Conubii, 55</ref>
Following this argument, Pius XI repeats that the conjugal act is intrinsically tied with procreation, but also acknowledges the unitive aspect of intercourse as licit. The encyclical affirms the Church's opposition to adultery and divorce, and speaks out against the eugenics laws, popular at that time, that forbade those deemed "unfit" from marrying and having children.<ref>Casti Conubii,</ref>
Pope Pius XII
220px|thumb |right | Pius XII, Pope from 1939 until 1958
Pope Pius XII, who in the war years 1939-1942, delivered a series of lectures to the newly married couples of Rome, which for decades became the basis for marital instruction in the US,<ref>Original Italian Edition: Il Papa Pio XII Agli Sposi, Roma, 1943; English: Dear Newly Weds, Pope Pius XII speaks to Married Couples; Farrar, Straus and Cudaby, New York</ref> Like Popes before him, and following the teachings of the Council of Trent, Pope Pius explained in Sacra Virginitas, that virginity is superior to marriage.<ref>Sacra Virginitas 32</ref> He also rejects the view, that the human body needs fulfilment of the sexual instinct for the sake of one's mental or physical health, or for the harmony of one's personality.<ref>Sacra Virginitas 33</ref> In this context he criticized the cult of the body and disorderly love of oneself.
In a 1951 speech to midwives, Pius XII stressed the inviolability of the human body as a creation of God and stated his opposition to all forms of genetic mercy killings. The right to life comes directly from God, not from the parents.<ref>Utz Groner 512</ref> He rejected any kind of sterilization as well. Like Pius XI, he extolled the sanctity of the sacrament of marriage, a place for peace and love, requiring often heroism by both partners. Parents have a role, not only to give physical love, but also to give spiritual life to their offspring. Pius criticized the traditional male role in marriage, stating that while the male member is head of the family, he should also participate in domestic chores.<ref>Utz Groner 446</ref> especially within families, where the mother is working full time. Pius XII demands equal pay for equal work.
Regarding natural family planning methods, Pope Pius XII distinguished between engaging in sexual intercourse during infertile days and the specific selection of these days for intercourse. He argued that, if a marital partner entered marriage with the intention to have intercourse only during infertile days in order to avoid having offspring, the marriage contract itself would be invalid. If, on the other hand, the marital partner has intercourse during infertile days only occasionally but not exclusively, then the marriage is legitimate. The intention, not the actual use of marital rights, is decisive. Pius XII illustrates this with the notion that marriage includes both rights and obligations.<ref>Utz Groner, 521</ref>
Abstinence within marriage is also highlighted in his teachings. Pius took issue with the argument that abstinence is an impossibly heroic act. Citing Augustine, he argued that if natural union is not possible, abstinence is required. And, he added, in the time of World War II, so many acts of real heroism were required of men and women in so many countries, against which sexual absence paled in comparison.<ref>Utz Groner, 524</ref> The human body and its needs should not be the centre of gratification but need to be sublimated to spiritual priorities that reflect the divine design and destiny. Marriage is not the highest value and human dignity must be preserved and applied in the marital act <ref>Utz Groner, 530</ref> The teachings of the Church reject a hedonistic view of the human body, while recognizing and valuing its divine origin and dignity. The Church thus protects the dignity of men against an over-emphasis on sensuality.<ref>Utz Groner 532</ref>
Early Church writers, while defining the position of the body within theology, had focused a great deal of attention on the creation of body and soul. "The body of man was created by God" (de Fide) according to the teachings of two ecumenical councils Lateran IV and Vatican I.<ref>Denzinger, 428, 1783</ref>
Pope Pius XII taught that the question of the origin of man's body from pre-existing and living matter is a legitimate matter of inquiry for natural science. Catholics are free to form their own opinions, but they should do so cautiously; they should not confuse fact with conjecture, and they should respect the Church's right to define matters touching on Revelation.<ref name="Pius XII, Enc. Humani Generis, 36">Pius XII, Enc. Humani Generis, 36</ref>> For these reasons, the Teaching Authority of the Church does not forbid that, in conformity with the present state of human sciences and sacred theology, research and discussions, on the part of men experienced in both fields, take place with regard to the doctrine of evolution, in as far as it inquires into the origin of the human body as coming from pre-existent and living matter - for the Catholic faith obliges us to hold that souls are immediately created by God. .<ref name="Pius XII, Enc. Humani Generis, 36"/> In an October 22, 1996, address to the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, Pope John Paul II repeated the position of Pius XII adding:
In his encyclical Humani Generis (1950), my predecessor Pius XII has already affirmed that there is no conflict between evolution and the doctrine of the faith regarding man and his vocation, provided that we do not lose sight of certain fixed points....Today, more than a half-century after the appearance of that encyclical, some new findings lead us toward the recognition of evolution as more than an hypothesis.<ref>John Paul II, Message to the Pontifical Academy of Sciences on Evolution</ref>
Mary and the resurrection of the body
To the Catholic Church, Pius XII's 1950 dogma of the Assumption is proof for the resurrection of the body from the dead. Pius was confident that the solemn proclamation and definition of the Assumption would contribute in no small way to the advantage of human society and individuals. He hoped that those who meditate upon the Assumption of Mary will be better able to withstand the pressures of a material life style, and look instead at the true destination of their own bodies:
In this magnificent way all may see clearly to what a lofty goal our bodies and souls are destined. Finally it is our hope that belief in Mary's bodily Assumption into heaven will make our belief in our own resurrection stronger and more realistic.<ref>Munificentissimus Deus 42</ref>
By the authority of our Lord Jesus Christ, of the Blessed Apostles Peter and Paul, and by our own authority, we pronounce, declare, and define it to be a divinely revealed dogma: that the Immaculate Mother of God, the ever Virgin Mary, having completed the course of her earthly life, was assumed body and soul into heavenly glory. Hence if anyone, which God forbid, should dare willfully to deny or to call into doubt that which we have defined, let him know that he has fallen away completely from the divine and Catholic Faith.<ref name="Munificentissimus Deus 44,45"/>
The central document of Pope Paul VI is Humanae Vitae The Pope begins with the statement that "the transmission of human life is a most serious role in which married people collaborate freely and responsibly with God the Creator." He claims that this is a source of great joy to them, although it means many difficulties and hardships. But there are global perspectives. A rapid increase in population has created the spectre of a world without food and other resources for all, and a temptation for State authorities to clamp down on population increase with drastic measures. The role of woman in society has been changing drastically; But most importantly, according to the encyclical, the advent of birth control devices requires a position on the part of the magisterium of the Church.
Limited rights over the body
The Pope points to some dogmatic principles, which in his view are not his but teachings of Christ. Human procreation, like all questions of life, is a part of God's loving design. Married life takes its origin from God, who "is love." Husband and wife cooperate with God in the generation and rearing of new lives.<ref>Humanae Vitae 8</ref> Married love must therefore be more than a question of natural instinct or emotional drive. It is faithful and exclusive until death.<ref>Humanae Vitae 9</ref> Parents are not free to act as they choose in the service of transmitting life, as if it were wholly up to them to decide what is the right course to follow.<ref>Humanae Vitae 10</ref> Observing the Natural Law means that each and every marital act must of necessity retain its intrinsic relationship to the procreation of human life.<ref>Humanae Vitae (12)</ref>
Faithfulness to God's Design means to experience married love while respecting the laws of conception and to acknowledge that one is not the master of the sources of life but rather the minister of the design established by the Creator.<ref>Humanae Vitae 13</ref> All artificial birth control methods are unlawful as are all specifically intended to prevent procreation—whether as an end or as a means.<ref>HV 14</ref> Lawful Therapeutic Means are permitted if necessary to cure bodily diseases, even if a foreseeable impediment to procreation should result, provided such impediment is not directly intended for any motive whatsoever.<ref>Humanae Vitae 15</ref> Recourse to Infertile Periods applies to the spacing of births, arising from the physical or psychological condition of the husband or wife, or from external circumstances. The Church teaches that married people may then take advantage of the natural cycle.<ref>Humanae Vitae 17,18</ref> Scientists, as already requested by Pius XII, should study natural rhythms as a secure basis for the limitation of offspring.<ref>Humanae Vitae 24</ref>
Control of the body
Pope Paul fully realizes that Humanae Vitae is not easy to follow. Some may argue that it teaches the impossible. He discusses the value of self-discipline of the body and self-denial of bodily pleasures as a source of family tranquillity, peace, and personality development within the family.<ref>Humanae Vitae 21</ref> He recommends chastity within marriage and appeals to public authorities not tolerate any legislation that would introduce into the family practices that are opposed to the natural law of God.
The Pope is fully aware of the developmental implications of this teaching. Regarding worldwide development he quotes Pope John XXIII that no solution is acceptable which violates man's essential dignity by reducing him to a materialistic concept. The only possible solution is social and economic progress of individuals and society, which respects and promotes true human values. This excludes misguided governmental policies, a lack of social justice, a selfish accumulation of material goods, and a failure raise the standard of living of people and their children.<ref>Humanae Vitae(23)</ref> The Pope sees a great potential for governments, national aid programs and especially for international aid organizations.<ref>Humanae Vitae 23</ref>
Christian compassion
Christian couples face great difficulties at times: husbands and wives should take up the burden appointed to them: Married couples should communicate their own experience to others. Thus the lay vocation will be included a novel and outstanding form of the apostolate.<ref>Humanae Vitae 26</ref> Christian Compassion must be the guiding light. The Pope teaches that this doctrine of Christ on love and the uses of the body must always be joined with tolerance and charity:
As Christ Himself showed in His conversations and dealings with men. For when He came, not to judge, but to save the world, was He not bitterly severe toward sin, but patient and abounding in mercy toward sinners?<ref>Humanae Vitae 29</ref>
John Paul II continued on the Catholic Theology of the Body of his predecessors with a series of lectures, entitled the Theology of the Body, in which he talked about an original unity between man and women,<ref>George Weigel, Witness to hope, The biography of Pope John Paul II New York, 2005, 336</ref> purity of heart ( on the Sermon on the Mount) marriage and celibacy and reflections on Humane Vitae, focusing largely on responsible parenthood and marital chastity.<ref>Weigel, 336-343</ref> He links "the original unity of man and women" with the book of Genesis, and raises in this context questions such as why Christ put so much emphasis on human beings as male and female. He argues, Man becomes the Image of God in the moment of holy communion.<ref>Weigel, 336-337</ref>
In 2005, Pope Benedict XVI took up the concerns of his predecessors in his first encyclical, Deus Caritas Est,<ref>ENCYCLICAL LETTER DEUS CARITAS EST OF THE SUPREME PONTIFF BENEDICT XVI TO THE BISHOPS PRIESTS AND DEACONS MEN AND WOMEN RELIGIOUS AND ALL THE LAY FAITHFUL ON CHRISTIAN LOVE, Vatican City, 2005, http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/encyclicals/documents/hf_ben-xvi_enc_20051225_deus-caritas-est_en.html</ref> where he raises some questions regarding Eros, body and the Church. (Did Christianity destroy Eros? <ref>Deus Caritas Est, 4</ref> Doesn't the Church, with all her commandments and prohibitions, turn to bitterness the most precious thing in life? Doesn't she blow the whistle just when the joy which is the Creator's gift offers us a happiness which is itself a certain foretaste of the Divine?) <ref>Deus Caritas Est, 3</ref>
Nature of Love
Benedict accepts that events in real life often just happen, rather than being planned nor willed.<ref>Deus Caritas Est, 33</ref> What is imposed, is not voluntary. The encyclical does not mention the teachings of the Popes Pius XI through John Paul II on birth control and natural family planning. The late Pope, "my great predecessor" is, however praised for his social teachings, on poverty and so on.<ref>My great predecessor John Paul II left us a trilogy of social Encyclicals: Laborem Exercens (1981), Sollicitudo Rei Socialis (1987) and finally Centesimus Annus (1991)( Deus Caritas Est, 27) Here I would clearly reaffirm what my great predecessor John Paul II wrote in his Encyclical Sollicitudo Rei Socialis [28] when he asserted the readiness of the Catholic Church to cooperate with the charitable agencies of these Churches and Communities Deus Caritas Est, 30</ref> The encyclical focuses on a broad concept of love and not on prohibitions and definitions, which may anger some segments of the public. Benedict distances himself from "my sinful body, my enemy" views, but goes further when he warns against radical distinctions of "good love", Agape and "bad" or "dirty" love, Eros and Sex. Benedict, while clearly recognizing degrading sexual misuses, complains that in the past these good-bad distinctions have often been radicalized within the Catholic Church. This is dangerous, because:
Were this.. to be taken to extremes, the essence of Christianity would be detached from the vital relations fundamental to human existence, and would become a world apart, admirable perhaps, but decisively cut off from the complex fabric of human life. <ref>Deus Caritas Est, 37</ref>
40th anniversary of Humanae Vitae
The principles of Catholic faith are old as the scriptures, Benedict states. The Pope intends to focus on these eternal principles of Catholic faith. On May 12, 2008, he accepted an invitation to talk participants in the International Congress organized by the Pontifical Lateran University on the 40th anniversary of Humanae Vitae. He put the encyclical, which in his view, was very poorly understood, in the broader view of love in a global context, a topic, which he called – "so controversial, yet so crucial for humanity's future." Humanae Vitae became" "a sign of contradiction but also of continuity of the Church's doctrine and tradition... What was true yesterday is true also today".<ref>Benedict XVI, international congress organized by the Pontifical Lateran University on the 40th anniversary of the encyclical Humanae vitae, May 12, 2008</ref> The Church continues to reflect "in an ever new and deeper way on the fundamental principles that concern marriage and procreation". The key message of Humanae Vitae is love. Benedict states, that the fullness of a person is achieved by a unity of soul and body, but neither spirit nor body alone can love, only the two together. If this unity is broken, if only the body is satisfied, love becomes a commodity.<ref>quoted from Deus Caritas Est</ref> Ultimately, Benedict says, Christian love grows out the love of Christ.
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