text:
It's been a grueling stretch at the office – and I'm still vexed by the realization that I use the phrase "at the office" – and I think a part of my cerebral cortex is still a bit glitchy from the rabbit hole Paloma sent me down last week.
There's also a band who have dubbed themselves Cosmic America playing downstairs and anyone who might be able to hold a coherent thought in their head while a band that would think Cosmic America might be a good moniker bashes away is made of sturdier stuff than I.
(it would be better if it was America making a mockery of my Saturday morning zen, but even that would be tedious after two hours)
So, since I haven't done so in awhile, I pulled up the Billboard Hot 100 – opting for this this week in 1982 – and perused the chart of the most popular singles, eyeing the songs that were debuts.
At the time, I was mere weeks away from finishing up eighth grade and moving on to high school in the fall. It was during the school year that was ending that I had discovered radio and, when possible, it was on. Usually it was tuned to Q102, the Top 40 station that was popular with most of my classmates, but I was also searching the dial, exploring what else was out there.
Nine songs debuted on the Hot 100 twenty-nine years ago – only two with which I was unfamiliar – and it's a relatively mellow lot with only a few hits that might hold my attention enough not to scroll past…
Patrice Rushen – Forget Me Nots
from Straight From The Heart
(debuted #90, peaked #23, 16 weeks on chart)
I wasn't listening to much R&B at the time. I'd sometimes pause on The Blaze, an urban station, if I heard something familiar but the bouncy Forget Me Nots got played a lot on my Top 40 stations of choice, too.
I remember seeing Rushen perform Forget Me Nots on Solid Gold, but it couldn't pull my attention away from the gyrations of the Solid Gold dancers. I enjoy the engaging song now, but I find it impossible to hear it and not hear Will Smith rapping about men in black.
Alessi – Put Away Your Love
from Long Time Friends
(debuted #87, peaked #71, 4 weeks on chart)
I had never heard Put Away Your Love or heard of Alessi before now. Apparently, the act consisted of twin brothers – Billy and Bobby – who released five albums in the late '70s/early '80s and whose greatest claim to fame was placing a song on the soundtrack to Ghostbusters.
After four albums that garnered little success, the brothers Alessi hooked up with Christopher Cross who produced Long Time Friends.
Cross was a light rock juggernaut at the time, having notched a string of hits and winning a slew of Grammy Awards over the previous two years, but Put Away Your Love is unmemorable and tepid.
(unlike Cross' hits which, while arguably tepid, were, at least, memorable)
Bertie Higgins – Just Another Day In Paradise
from Just Another Day In Paradise
Just Another Day In Paradise was Bertie Higgins' follow-up to his Top Ten hit Key Largo, a song that holds a strange fascination for me. I can't say that I was (or am) a fan of that song, but it catches my attention when I hear it and I'm not sure why.
Maybe it's because it's sung by a man named Bertie, who now is a pirate and has fans who call themselves Boneheads. Or, maybe it's because Key Largo strikes me as so odd, like seeing a two-headed kitten, that I'm merely puzzled by its existence.
As for Just Another Day In Paradise, it's not a two-headed kitten but rather a soft rock trip into Jimmy Buffett territory sans the quirks, booze, and cheeseburgers.
Jimmy Hall – Fool For Your Love
from Cadillac Tracks
The other song here that I didn't know was Fool For You Love by Jimmy Hall, who had been a founder and the lead singer of Southern rock band Wet Willie during the '70s.
I can't say that I'm familiar with Wet Willie aside from the name (which is only slightly better than Cosmic America) and the only thing I know previously knew by Hall was his work as a guest vocalist on guitar legend Jeff Beck's 1985 Flash set, but Fool For Your Love is pleasant enough as it shuffles along goosed by some catchy harmonica.
.38 Special – Caught Up In You
from Special Forces
By the time .38 Special released Special Forces, the Southern band was already a radio staple in our part of the Midwest with songs like Rockin' Into The Night, Hold on Loosely, and Fantasy Girl. Unlike their Southern rock brethern, .38 Special quickly evolved into a more polished act with a decidely arena rock/pop slant.
Though hardly reinventing fire, Caught Up In You sounded made for radio and I probably heard the song as much that summer as any hit at the time. It was written by Jim Peterik who also wrote a song that would prove to be the monster track of the year for his band Survivor.
Between Caught Up In You and Eye Of The Tiger, the summer of '82 undoubtedly bumped Peterik into a higher tax bracket.
Ronnie Milsap – Any Day Now
from Inside
JB at The Hits Just Keep On Comin' looked at 1981 the other day, noted the number of country hits crossing over to the pop world and surmised it might have been "an admission by record labels and pop programmers that pop was out of ideas."
Of course, a year later Ronnie Milsap was covering a song written by Burt Bacharach from twenty years earlier, so maybe everyone was out of ideas.
Despite my love for Burt Bacharach, if I want to hear Any Day Now, I want to hear soul singer Chuck Jackson's original from 1962 which I wouldn't become familiar with until hearing it on Bacharach's box set The Look of Love: The Burt Bacharach Collection.
Karla Bonoff – Personally
from Wild Heart Of The Young
Singer/songwriter Karla Bonoff's break came when she placed a trio of songs on Linda Ronstadt's 1976 album Hasten Down The Wind as well as singing back-up for Ronstadt. Then, in 1982, Bonoff scored her lone Top 40 hit with a song written by someone else.
As much as I heard the coquettish Personally at the time, I'd have thought it was a much bigger hit.
Queen – Body Language
from Hot Space
As my attention was turning to music for the first time in the late '70s/early '80s, Queen was a behemoth, following earlier hits from Bohemian Rhapsody through We Will Rock You/We Are The Champions with the über-selling album The Game and the mammoth singles Crazy Little Thing Called Love and Another One Bites The Dust in 1980.
Then, the band's now-classic duet with David Bowie, Under Pressure, was a relative failure in the States in early '82 and that was followed by Hot Space, which alienated a lot of long-time fans with its emphasis on a sparse, funk sound.
(and, according to Wikipedia, the song's accompanying video was the first to be banned by a fledgling MTV)
I didn't care much for the slinky Body Language at the time, but the song – though hardly essential Queen – has grown on me over the years.
Joan Jett & The Blackhearts – Crimson And Clover
from I Love Rock 'n' Roll
(debuted #63, peaked #7, 15 weeks on chart)
Joan Jett's I Love Rock N' Roll was such an enormous smash in early 1982 that she could have belched the alphabet and had a follow-up hit. Instead, she opted to cover Tommy James' Crimson And Clover.
The song already been getting heavy airplay on Q102 for a couple months before it was even released as a single and I recall it causing a bit of commotion when Jett, not altering the lyrics, sang, "Now I don't hardly know her, but I think I could love her."
M schoolmates and I had no idea who Tommy James was. It was one of our hipper teachers who played the original for us in homeroom one afternoon (as well as suggesting that the term "crimson and clover" was code for a roll in the hay).
We preferred Joan's version and, after seeing the sleeve for the 45, we realized that, not only was she cool but a babe, too.
6 Comments	| '80s, .38 Special, 1982, Alessi, Bertie Higgins, Billboard (magazine), cover songs, Jimmy Hall, Joan Jett And The Blackhearts, Karla Bonoff, one-hit wonder, Patrice Rushen, Queen, Ronnie Milsap	| Tagged: .38 Special, 1982, 80s music, Alessi Brothers, Bertie Higgins, Billboard magazine, Jimmy Hall, Joan Jett & The Blackhearts, Karla Bonoff, one-hit wonder, Patrice Rushen, Queen, Ronnie Milsap, Wet Willie	| Permalink
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Completely accessible from the front without the horizontal restrictions of traditional pallet rack. The entire length of the cantilever rack may be used for storage.
Loads of differing lengths may be stored on the same rack and even on the same level.
Cantilever rack is ideal for long or heavy items such lumber, pipe and tubing.


Medal Tests are offered at different times and venues during the year.
To find out more about the next Medal Test day Click Here.
During the test the candidates are marked individually and receive their own report sheet from the Medal Test Examiner. SADTA Certificates are also awarded to candidates who have successfully completed a medal test and from Bronze Level upwards also receive a Bar and a Medal.
These are offered at different times and venues through the year. Please check our Events Calendar for more dates and venues or ask your SADTA Qualified Instructor for more information.
West Coast Swing and East Coast Swing.
Social Cha Cha and Cuban Cha Cha.
Tiny Tots (5 years and under) - One dance.
Pre-Teens (6 - 12 years) - Two dances.
Social Bronze (Optional) Any age - One Dance.
Bronze Bar - Two Dances.
Bronze Medal - Two Dances.
Silver Bar - Three Dances.
Silver Medal - Three Dances.
Gold Bar - Four Dances.
Gold Medal - Four Dances.
Golden Scroll - Five Dances.
Blue Riband - Five Dances.
Emerald Star - Five Dances.


text:
COVID-19 · Interviews · News
Creative Solutions During COVID-19
A Q&A with Edmonton Community Foundation's CEO, Martin Garber-Conrad
Edmonton's charitable sector is being hit hard by the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. As challenges continue to arise, Edmonton Community Foundation (ECF) is in a unique position to help find creative solutions. We sat down (remotely) with our CEO, Martin Garber-Conrad, to talk about what the Foundation is doing to support the community during this difficult time.
ECF: What is ECF doing to help the community as the COVID-19 pandemic unfolds?
MGC: There are a lot of excellent organizations working on the front lines to help people dealing with the effects of COVID-19. ECF has long-standing relationships with dozens of these organizations across multiple sectors. So, we're set up to play a supporting role to help with two things. The first is to support them in their work to deliver immediate services. However, we also know that the charitable sector will face many long-term challenges as a result of the pandemic. In order to address both issues, we have seeded $500,000 to establish the COVID-19 Rapid Response Fund (RRF).
ECF: What is the Rapid Response Fund?
MGC: The RRF is a fund we started with our discretionary dollars. Most people will know about the work we do based on the endowment model. We work with hundreds of every-day Edmontonians to open endowments that support charities and causes important to them. The RRF is slightly different in that the Foundation has the discretion to use the money swiftly when needs are identified.
ECF: Who will receive grants from the RRF?
MGC: Typically, our grants are distributed to charities through a juried granting process that begins with an application. However, given the need for expediency, grants from the RRF will be given at the discretion of the Foundation. We are working with an experienced network of charitable partners and other funding agencies. Together we will work to identify needs in the community and find unique solutions to address those needs, including financial support from the RRF.
ECF: Will COVID-19 affect ECF's regular granting streams and cycles?
MGC: The short answer is, "no." Charities can still apply for our regular granting streams. The same goes for students who wish to apply to one of our many scholarship and bursary programs. We have adjusted the application deadlines for a few of the student awards to give people a little more time to get their applications in.
ECF: Can people donate to the RRF?
MGC: We are not a fundraising organization. But if you want to help vulnerable people in Edmonton during this crisis, our Rapid Response Fund is getting money to charities who need it most. Your contribution will help charities in Edmonton continue to feed the hungry, care for seniors, support high-need children and keep Edmontonians employed.
Learn more about the RRF
Rapid Response Fund: COVID-19
Charities receive more than $300K from COVID-19 Rapid Response Fund

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Panel Reviews EPA Rule Changes for Scientific Studies
Court Decision on MN Mining Permits Could Set Precedent
Small OR Town in Big Fight Over Facebook's Undersea Cable Plans
Allegheny County Residents Demand Action on Air Pollution
Indiana's Oil Refining Waste Heads to Kentucky, Virginia
A petcoke ship docked on Chicago's southeast side. (Natural Resources Defense Council)
INDIANAPOLIS - Tons of oil-refining waste known as petcoke is on the move from Indiana across the country, and the Natural Resources Defense Council is watching. The group worked with people who live along the Calumet River in South Chicago, Ill., to keep a BP facility in Whiting, Ind., from dumping it near their neighborhoods.
Petroleum coke or "petcoke" is more than 90 percent carbon, and Josh Mogerman, NRDC deputy director of national media, said the toxic dust gets airborne and ends up everywhere - on homes, cars and yards, and in people's lungs, too.
"Can this stuff go to places that are not right on the edge of people's homes and parks, and schools? In Virginia, there seems to be real concern about this. Some of the communities near where this stuff is going are suffering from really, really high asthma rates."
Early this year, BP announced it would stop sending the waste to a dumping site in Chicago. Instead, it's now being moved along the Ohio River, including to a coal-handling facility in Paducah, Ky., and an export facility in Newport News, Va.
Mogerman said BP's tar-sand expansion produces three times more waste than it used to, and creates more petcoke than U.S. companies can use as a fuel source. He said it's being shipped, trucked and put on trains going to Kentucky and Virginia, and thinks residents of those states should do what Chicago did - fight back.
"There's not a lot of regulation on this stuff, to let the public know where it's going and how it's being stored," he said, "and those are things that I think need to change. The public needs to be safeguarded from this problem that's just getting worse, not better."
BP said it's working to avoid, minimize and mitigate environmental impacts in places where it does business, but Mogerman said petcoke is nasty wherever it ends up. When used as a fuel, it burns hotter and emits more carbon dioxide than coal.
Veronica Carter, Public News Service - IN


One benefit of MAA membership is networking with peers and representatives of support industries.
Start the new year off right by joining or renewing your MAA membership! Networking among peers is one of the primary benefits of being involved. Members seek each other's advice because, as you know in the aviation industry, there are new challenges every day.
The Association stays abreast of federal and state legislation as well as regulatory developments that affect our airports, and it weighs in when appropriate.
MAA membership also affords you the opportunity to submit articles to our quarterly MAA Flyer. Members are interested in knowing what's going on at other airports. They are also eager to read about topics in which related businesses have an expertise – engineering, environmental, compliance, safety and equipment, for instance. The airports industry is a dynamic one, so we all rely on each other to stay informed.
You may join by clicking the button below to download a membership form or fill out the application and pay online. We look forward to hearing from you!


text:
Science Students: The Dark Energy of University Life?
12.5.2015 by James Barrett
Most courses, particularly at the ANU, harbour a variety of people with diverse interests. I want to explain why scientists are among the most diverse and talented people at uni, though you probably don't know it.
As an undergraduate (at a university that shall-not-be-named but looks like Hogwarts) I traversed most subjects on offer. Unfortunately, the only articles I ever saw in the student paper from or about a science student related to a particular lab partner of mine. They attended an infamous college and also attempted to create a deeply controversial society.
He was the kind of lad who saw a delicious double-entendre in performing a "single slit experiment". It was my job to offer a view on the articles in question, balancing some agreement with their criticism against the fact my lab marks turned on the continued success of our relationship. Also, the lab we were in contained several devices offering quick and painful death.
More interesting are the stories of my two closer physics buddies. One was on a visa from Iran, or Persia for those seeking to dissociate themselves from the Iranian regime. He waited two years to go to uni while his visa was processed. His friend was spending two years as a political prisoner. He was an exceptionally talented mathematician and physicist.
The second had migrant heritage and came from a regional town. He lived in one of the few places offered for low SES students: a tiny hole shared with a middle-aged dude. To my knowledge he deferred his degree and remained overseas as a ski-instructor.
I won't bore you with my own story. But considering that in my home referring to a scientist could see you branded as "elitist" and the phrase "uni student" was a form of disparagement, I was chuffed to be paid to go to a prestigious university.
There are relatively few women in physics, but they make good lab partners and aren't nerds. Anecdotally, women are dominant in other sciences such as biology, chemistry and environmental science. One society I was part of contained an almost entirely female executive.
Now, how does this diversity of scientists translate into student media? So far 12 different people have written science articles this semester, including a professor and a PhD candidate. Five of those 12 were females, who contributed a third of articles (not including my own as Science Sub-Editor).
Women were far more likely to express interest in writing. The ratio of articles submitted to articles published was equal among men and women, but men were more likely to follow through and with more articles. Otherwise, science contributors represented a decent cross-section of the domestic student population and touched on a diverse range of issues.
There's room for improvement when it comes to showcasing scientists in student media or the media in general, as well as in election campaigns. But keep in mind the science students running a niche society, playing sport and working part-time despite their hectic timetable.
Science Needs a Language Revolution
13.8.2020 by Andy Yin
Fighting Fire with Fire
23.10.2018 by Brody Hannan
Life on Mars?
12.8.2018 by Sophie Burgess
The Future of Australia's Energy Market
12.8.2018 by Edward Treloar


text:
A Real Madrid CF 2014–2015-ös szezonja a csapat 111. idénye volt fennállása óta, sorozatban a 84. a spanyol első osztályban. A szezon 2014. július 1-jén kezdődött és 2015. június 30-án ért véget.

Mezek
Gyártó: Adidas, mezszponzor: Emirates.

Átigazolások

Érkezők

Összes kiadás: 127.5M €

Távozók

Összes bevétel:  115.1M €

netes bevétel: 12.4M €

FIFA-klubvilágbajnokság-döntő

UEFA-szuperkupa

La Liga

Spanyol kupa
A 32 legjobb között

A 16 legjobb között

Spanyol szuperkupa

Góllövőlista
2015. május 23-án lett Frissítve

1 Pályára lépések a 2014-es spanyol labdarúgó-szuperkupán, 2014-es UEFA-szuperkupán and 2014-es FIFA-klubvilágbajnokságon.

Végeredmény

Jegyzetek

Külső hivatkozások

2014
Labdarúgócsapatok 2014–2015-ös szezonja

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Long and Brutal – The Fight for the Abolition of the Slave Trade Before it was a vital aspect. ... Soon the entire British economy would revolve around the exploitation of slaves, making the abolition of slavery out of the question if they wanted to remain wealthy and prosperous.
In 1785, Clarkson entered an essay writing competition at Cambridge University. ... 11 other men set up the Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade.
Free Abolition papers, essays, and research papers.
This web page explores the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade and slavery as a case study ... Later he wrote about the effect the essay competition had on him:.


text:
Q: PHP loops and array help, looping through results and targeting only specific records Scenario:
I downloaded a Joomla extension and am editing the php file to alter the layout of the module. Now in the source code of the file lies this bit of code.
<?php if ( !empty($this->fields) ) { ?>
    foreach ($this->fields as $field)
    {
        echo RSDirectoryFilter::getInstance($field, $options)->generate();
    }
} ?>

which cycles through a list of form fields and prints out the fields and their options.
what i want to do is apply some styling to a specific form field only.
that loop printed out 3 fields altogether. My first step was to add a print_r($field) into the loop to see what data is stored within the $field parameter. each field was an array of data
this is what it printed out
stdClass Object ( [id] => 1 [field_type_id] => 1 [name] => title [column_name] => title [form_field_name] => title [required] => 1 [published] => 1 [field_type] => title [core] => 1 [create_column] => 0 [expect_value] => 1 [properties] => Joomla\Registry\Registry Object ( [data:protected] => stdClass Object ( [form_caption] => Title [default_value] => [field_prepend] => [field_append] => [show_help_tip] => 1 [help_tip] => [show_help_text] => 1 [help_text_position] => block [help_text] => [readonly] => 0 [additional_html_attributes] => [id] => 1 [searchable_simple] => 1 [searchable_advanced] => textbox [searchable_advanced_caption] => Keywords [searchable_advanced_items] => [searchable_advanced_condition_type] => containing [default_validation_rule] => none [extra_accepted_chars] => [regex_syntax] => [custom_validation_rule] => [characters_limit] => 0 [validation_message] => There was an error with the title field. ) [separator] => . ) )
stdClass Object ( [id] => 31 [field_type_id] => 11 [name] => status [column_name] => f_31 [form_field_name] => status [required] => 1 [published] => 1 [field_type] => dropdown [core] => 0 [create_column] => 1 [expect_value] => 1 [properties] => Joomla\Registry\Registry Object ( [data:protected] => stdClass Object ( [id] => 31 [help_text] => [additional_html_attributes] => [credits] => 0 [default_values] => Stolen Lost Found [default_value] => [size] => 1 [multiple] => 0 [field_prepend] => [field_append] => [show_help_tip] => 1 [help_tip] => [show_help_text] => 1 [help_text_position] => block [listing_caption] => status [dependency] => 0 [items] => Stolen Lost Found [form_caption] => status [searchable_simple] => 1 [searchable_advanced] => dropdown [searchable_advanced_caption] => Listing Status [use_dependency] => 1 [use_field_items] => 1 [searchable_advanced_items] => [searchable_advanced_condition_type] => strict [validation_message] => Invalid input. ) [separator] => . ) )
stdClass Object ( [id] => 34 [field_type_id] => 17 [name] => date-of-incident [column_name] => f_34 [form_field_name] => date_of_incident [required] => 1 [published] => 1 [field_type] => calendar [core] => 0 [create_column] => 1 [expect_value] => 1 [properties] => Joomla\Registry\Registry Object ( [data:protected] => stdClass Object ( [form_caption] => Date Of Incident [listing_caption] => Date Of Incident [default_date] => [min_date] => [max_date] => [date_mask] => d F Y [time_mask] => g:i a [calendar_layout] => flat [readonly] => 0 [show_help_tip] => 0 [help_tip] => [show_help_text] => 0 [help_text_position] => block [help_text] => [additional_html_attributes] => [credits] => 0 [id] => 0 [searchable_simple] => 1 [searchable_advanced] => date_range [searchable_advanced_caption] => Date Range [searchable_advanced_items] => [searchable_advanced_condition_type] => strict [validation_message] => Invalid input. ) [separator] => . ) )

so the field i want to target is the one which has the [name] date-of-incident. (the 3rd one above)
i tried to modify the loop so target this specific record like so
<?php if ( !empty($this->fields) )
{
    foreach ($this->fields as $field)
    {
        print_r($field);
        if($field[name] == "date-of-incident")
        {
            echo "Date of incident here";
        }
        else
        {
            echo "
";
            echo RSDirectoryFilter::getInstance($field, $options)->generate();
            echo "
";
        }
    }
} ?>

but this just crashes the site but doesnt give an error message, i assume i am using if($field[name] == "date-of-incident") incorrectly?
Appreciate any help
Thanks
Luke

A: Note from your print_r($field); that the output says they are Objects i.e. stdClass Object
You therefore address the name property using the object notation -> and not the array notation.
<?php
if ( !empty($this->fields) ) {
    foreach ($this->fields as $field) {
        //print_r($field);

        // here is the change
        if($field->name == "date-of-incident") {
            echo "Date of incident here";
        } else {
            echo "
";
            echo RSDirectoryFilter::getInstance($field, $options)->generate();
            echo "
";
        }
    }
}
?>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
From left, WVMA President Rebecca McPhail is joined by Dale Stemple of Viatris and Dana Burns of Potesta for the presentation to Viatris of the annual Encova and WVMA Safety Award.CHARLESTON, W.Va. – Encova Insurance, in partnership with the West Virginia Manufacturers Association (WVMA), presented the annual Encova and WVMA Safety Award during the WVMA Winter Convention and Annual Meeting December 1 in White Sulphur Springs, W.Va.
The 2020 Encova and WVMA Safety Award was presented to Viatris Inc. (NASDAQ: VTRS), located in Morgantown, a new kind of global health care company formed through the combination of Mylan and Pfizer's Upjohn business, whose mission it is to empower patients worldwide to live heathier at every stage of life.
"It is a great honor for us to present this award in partnership with WVMA," said Lisa Hamrick , senior business development manager at Encova. "At Encova, we know the best accidents are the ones that never happen, and this focus on safety and prevention is what sets us apart from other workers' compensation insurance companies. We are aware that a culture of workplace safety requires education, commitment and dedication from the employer. This award is our way of recognizing those employers who choose to make safety paramount."
The award was presented during the Encova Safety Award Luncheon, with representatives from Viatris accepting the award remotely via Zoom.
"We are pleased to accept this award which demonstrates our firm commitment to employee health and safety," said Dale Stemple, head of Environmental, Health and Safety for North America and Europe at Viatris. "This recognition is well-deserved for our Morgantown team members who are dedicated to making safety a priority – each and every day."
"Viatris sets an amazing example for other manufacturers in our region," WVMA President Rebecca McPhail said. "Their impressive safety record shows that safety and success go together. We are happy to partner with Encova to present these safety awards, so employers like Viatris are given the recognition they deserve."
Viatris employs approximately 3,000 people at its Morgantown, W.Va. location across its operations, commercial segments and business support functions.


text:
require_relative '../../spec_helper'
require 'etc'

platform_is :windows do
  describe "Etc.getpwnam" do
    it "returns nil" do
      Etc.getpwnam(1).should == nil
      Etc.getpwnam(nil).should == nil
      Etc.getpwnam('nil').should == nil
    end
  end
end

platform_is_not :windows do
  describe "Etc.getpwnam" do
    it "returns a Etc::Passwd struct instance for the given user" do
      pw = Etc.getpwnam(`whoami`.strip)
      pw.is_a?(Etc::Passwd).should == true
    end

    it "only accepts strings as argument" do
      -> {
        Etc.getpwnam(123)
        Etc.getpwnam(nil)
      }.should raise_error(TypeError)
    end
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Suitability of metalorganic chemical vapor deposition-derived PrGaO 3 films as buffer layers for YBa2Cu3O 7-x pulsed laser deposition
Bin Han*, Deborah A. Neumayer, Tobin J. Marks, David A. Rudman, Hong Zhang, Vinayak P. Dravid
Phase-pure thin films of the YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) lattice matched and low loss tangent perovskite insulator PrGaO 3 have been grown in situ on single-crystal (110) LaAlO3 substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Films were grown at temperatures of 750-800°C using β-diketonate precursors M(dpm) 3 (M=Pr,Ga; dpm =dipivaloylmethanate). YBCO films were then grown on the MOCVD-derived PrGaO3 by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). Scanning electron microscopy reveals that the PrGaO3 films have smooth, featureless surfaces. As assessed by x-ray diffraction, the PrGaO3 films grow epitaxially on LaAlO3 with a high degree of (001) and/or (110) plane orientation parallel to the substrate surface, and the subsequent YBCO films grow with a (00l) orientation. Rocking curve and φ-scan analyses reveal that the PrGaO3 and YBCO films grow epitaxially. Cross-sectional high resolution electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopic selected area diffraction confirm that the PrGaO3 and YBCO layers grow epitaxially. YBCO films grown by PLD on the MOCVD-derived PrGaO3 exhibit Tc=91 K and Jc=6×10 6 A/cm2 at 77 K in zero field.
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.110074
10.1063/1.110074
Dive into the research topics of 'Suitability of metalorganic chemical vapor deposition-derived PrGaO 3 films as buffer layers for YBa2Cu3O 7-x pulsed laser deposition'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
films INIS 100%
Film Material Science 100%
chemical vapor deposition INIS 50%
Metallorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition Chemistry 50%
Vapor Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology 50%
lasers INIS 37%
deposition INIS 37%
epitaxy INIS 37%
Han, B., Neumayer, D. A., Marks, T. J., Rudman, D. A., Zhang, H., & Dravid, V. P. (1993). Suitability of metalorganic chemical vapor deposition-derived PrGaO 3 films as buffer layers for YBa2Cu3O 7-x pulsed laser deposition. Applied Physics Letters, 63(26), 3639-3641. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.110074
Han, Bin ; Neumayer, Deborah A. ; Marks, Tobin J. et al. / Suitability of metalorganic chemical vapor deposition-derived PrGaO 3 films as buffer layers for YBa2Cu3O 7-x pulsed laser deposition. In: Applied Physics Letters. 1993 ; Vol. 63, No. 26. pp. 3639-3641.
@article{e8853eef5c824eb2897fcdef56c40857,
title = "Suitability of metalorganic chemical vapor deposition-derived PrGaO 3 films as buffer layers for YBa2Cu3O 7-x pulsed laser deposition",
abstract = "Phase-pure thin films of the YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) lattice matched and low loss tangent perovskite insulator PrGaO 3 have been grown in situ on single-crystal (110) LaAlO3 substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Films were grown at temperatures of 750-800°C using β-diketonate precursors M(dpm) 3 (M=Pr,Ga; dpm =dipivaloylmethanate). YBCO films were then grown on the MOCVD-derived PrGaO3 by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). Scanning electron microscopy reveals that the PrGaO3 films have smooth, featureless surfaces. As assessed by x-ray diffraction, the PrGaO3 films grow epitaxially on LaAlO3 with a high degree of (001) and/or (110) plane orientation parallel to the substrate surface, and the subsequent YBCO films grow with a (00l) orientation. Rocking curve and φ-scan analyses reveal that the PrGaO3 and YBCO films grow epitaxially. Cross-sectional high resolution electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopic selected area diffraction confirm that the PrGaO3 and YBCO layers grow epitaxially. YBCO films grown by PLD on the MOCVD-derived PrGaO3 exhibit Tc=91 K and Jc=6×10 6 A/cm2 at 77 K in zero field.",
author = "Bin Han and Neumayer, {Deborah A.} and Marks, {Tobin J.} and Rudman, {David A.} and Hong Zhang and Dravid, {Vinayak P.}",
doi = "10.1063/1.110074",
Han, B, Neumayer, DA, Marks, TJ, Rudman, DA, Zhang, H & Dravid, VP 1993, 'Suitability of metalorganic chemical vapor deposition-derived PrGaO 3 films as buffer layers for YBa2Cu3O 7-x pulsed laser deposition', Applied Physics Letters, vol. 63, no. 26, pp. 3639-3641. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.110074
Suitability of metalorganic chemical vapor deposition-derived PrGaO 3 films as buffer layers for YBa2Cu3O 7-x pulsed laser deposition. / Han, Bin; Neumayer, Deborah A.; Marks, Tobin J. et al.
In: Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 63, No. 26, 1993, p. 3639-3641.
T1 - Suitability of metalorganic chemical vapor deposition-derived PrGaO 3 films as buffer layers for YBa2Cu3O 7-x pulsed laser deposition
AU - Han, Bin
AU - Neumayer, Deborah A.
AU - Marks, Tobin J.
AU - Rudman, David A.
AU - Zhang, Hong
AU - Dravid, Vinayak P.
N2 - Phase-pure thin films of the YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) lattice matched and low loss tangent perovskite insulator PrGaO 3 have been grown in situ on single-crystal (110) LaAlO3 substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Films were grown at temperatures of 750-800°C using β-diketonate precursors M(dpm) 3 (M=Pr,Ga; dpm =dipivaloylmethanate). YBCO films were then grown on the MOCVD-derived PrGaO3 by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). Scanning electron microscopy reveals that the PrGaO3 films have smooth, featureless surfaces. As assessed by x-ray diffraction, the PrGaO3 films grow epitaxially on LaAlO3 with a high degree of (001) and/or (110) plane orientation parallel to the substrate surface, and the subsequent YBCO films grow with a (00l) orientation. Rocking curve and φ-scan analyses reveal that the PrGaO3 and YBCO films grow epitaxially. Cross-sectional high resolution electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopic selected area diffraction confirm that the PrGaO3 and YBCO layers grow epitaxially. YBCO films grown by PLD on the MOCVD-derived PrGaO3 exhibit Tc=91 K and Jc=6×10 6 A/cm2 at 77 K in zero field.
AB - Phase-pure thin films of the YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) lattice matched and low loss tangent perovskite insulator PrGaO 3 have been grown in situ on single-crystal (110) LaAlO3 substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Films were grown at temperatures of 750-800°C using β-diketonate precursors M(dpm) 3 (M=Pr,Ga; dpm =dipivaloylmethanate). YBCO films were then grown on the MOCVD-derived PrGaO3 by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). Scanning electron microscopy reveals that the PrGaO3 films have smooth, featureless surfaces. As assessed by x-ray diffraction, the PrGaO3 films grow epitaxially on LaAlO3 with a high degree of (001) and/or (110) plane orientation parallel to the substrate surface, and the subsequent YBCO films grow with a (00l) orientation. Rocking curve and φ-scan analyses reveal that the PrGaO3 and YBCO films grow epitaxially. Cross-sectional high resolution electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopic selected area diffraction confirm that the PrGaO3 and YBCO layers grow epitaxially. YBCO films grown by PLD on the MOCVD-derived PrGaO3 exhibit Tc=91 K and Jc=6×10 6 A/cm2 at 77 K in zero field.
U2 - 10.1063/1.110074
DO - 10.1063/1.110074
Han B, Neumayer DA, Marks TJ, Rudman DA, Zhang H, Dravid VP. Suitability of metalorganic chemical vapor deposition-derived PrGaO 3 films as buffer layers for YBa2Cu3O 7-x pulsed laser deposition. Applied Physics Letters. 1993;63(26):3639-3641. doi: 10.1063/1.110074


text:
A shining, sheet metal success
Photo by Larry Dermody Photography Inc.
OAKBROOK TERRACE, Ill. - It was another busy, successful show for the Chicagoland Sheet Metal Contractors Association. Organizers said about 3,000 contractors and company representatives attended this year's show, again held at the Drury Lane Oakbrook Terrace. The trade show is one of the largest one-day, regional HVAC events in the country.
On March 28, the convention hall and theater complex was turned into a sheet metal shop, with 100 companies exhibiting at 176 booths, a record for the 29th annual event. Shortly after the show opened at 1 p.m., the aisles were packed as contractors and trade school students browsed exhibits from sheet metal equipment companies of all sizes. Crowds continued building, with long lines at the registration booth, until early evening. Tickets included a buffet dinner and several cash bars on the trade show floor. The event ran until 9 p.m.
"The show allows contractors and suppliers to meet face-to-face," explained Tony Adolfs, the Chicagoland association's executive director. "That gives attendees an opportunity to see and ask questions about a wider variety of products at one time."
In addition, organizers included seminars on building commissioning, fall protection and other construction hazards.
The session on commissioning reviewed regulations from the Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors' National Association, and the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers. It included how commissioning can help projects of all sizes.
"Commissioning is increasing in imp ortance, with more and more building owners applying for LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) certification," said William L. Niehoff Jr., chairman of CSMCA's trade show committee. "Commissioning is a prerequisite for LEED certification. And of course, safety is at the forefront when it comes to our contractors and employees."


text:
WACTE recognizes UW-Madison alums Yang, Boyle and Rasmussen
The Wisconsin Association of Colleges for Teacher Education (WACTE) presented awards to 59 outstanding educators from across Wisconsin in April, including three people who graduated from UW-Madison's School of Education.
Radeen Yang, an alumna of the Department of Rehabilitation Psychology and Special Education, received an Early Career Educator Award. Yang earned her master's degree in special education from UW-Madison in 2015 and today is a special education teacher at West Middleton Elementary, which is part of the Middleton-Cross Plains Area School District.
The Early Career Educator Award is presented to an outstanding educator who is within the first three years of her/his professional career
"Radeen Yang is an exceptional special education teacher," writes West Middleton Elementary Principal Katrina Krych in nominating Yang for the award. "She is a fierce advocate for the students she works with and is engaging our school community in work around the inclusion of students with disabilities. She has immersed herself in equity work at a district and school level and is a leader on our school-wide equity team. Radeen works tirelessly to find innovative ways to tap into her students' learning potential. She puts her heart and soul into everything she does."
In addition, Ellen Boyle and Tonya Rasmussen received a Pre-Service Educator Award, which is presented to an outstanding educator who has demonstrated a sustained pattern of mentoring pre-service educators for at least five years.
Boyle and Rasmussen co-teach a linguistically diverse population at Madison's Franklin Elementary. Boyle earned her undergraduate degree in elementary education from UW-Madison in 2004. Rasmussen earned her master's degree from the Department of Curriculum and Instruction in 2007.
"They are not only a great mentors in the classroom but also in the school and community," the nomination for Boyle and Rasmussen explains. "They lead Parent Engagement Groups for our ESL families, playing a large role in the positive school environment. … They both go the extra mile for their students, coworkers, and student teachers."
WACTE is a professional organization composed of Wisconsin institutions that prepare students for initial teacher licensure. These teacher preparation programs offer diversity in size, focus and delivery, but are all designed to prepare quality teachers for Wisconsin's schools. WACTE is an affiliate of the American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education (AACTE).
The event was held last month at the Monona Terrace Community and Convention Center.


Watch the film Fed up and answer the following questions. Please use complete sentences. Please be thoughtful in your answers.
What types of foods are making young people overweight?
Why is a calorie not a calorie?
Explain the difference between almonds and soda with respect to calories.
What are the dangers of eating unhealthy foods besides becoming fat?
What media and cultural messages are young people exposed to that work against healthy eating habits?
How can you tell the difference between healthy and unhealthy foods in the grocery store or in a restaurant?
What did you think of the statement: "Sugar is poison"?
Which organs process sugar in the body and what do they do with it?
Explain the biological process that occurs when a person eats too much sugar.
What are the side effects of a sugar-heavy diet?
Were you surprised by the sugar content in any of the foods listed in the film?
What is the difference between corn syrup, cane sugar, brown sugar, honey, and the various other types of sugar that we consume?
How are corporate interests in conflict with public health?
What is the "big food" industry, and what are its goals?
What tactics does the food industry use to market and sell their products, especially to young people?
What has the food industry done to promote healthy eating habits? Have these efforts been successful?
What do you think would have to happen for a corporation to put public interest over profit?
What do you believe is the role of the government in creating a healthier America?
What would it mean to regulate "big food"?
What is a lobbyist and what is their role in this issue?
Describe the relationship between junk food corporations, lobbyists, politicians, and public health policy: why is pizza called a vegetable when it's served in school cafeterias?
Do you agree with the film's argument that the junk food industry should be regulated the way that the tobacco industry was regulated?
Describe the history of the food industry in America.
When did we first learn that overconsumption of sugars, fats and empty carbohydrates was unhealthy?
What conflict did the USDA face when studies showed that Americans should eat less, and particularly less fatty foods?
How did the US government and the food industry work together in the 1980s to promote a low fat diet while still promoting the consumption of processed food products?


Not sure which section I'm supposed to be posting this in but here's a link to some free psychedelic electronica I made/released.
It's not as refined as psytrance so don't expect that. I hope it kind of rides the border though a little bit.


The first time I heard this album I'll admit I was a little bit blinded by the enormous amount of hype it received. Had I reviewed based on my first impressions, I would have given it a five, for Eternity is a superb recording. However, after a few months of listening and a more sobered impression, I realized that it doesn't quite have the enduring impact that would befit a 5/5 rating.
Eternity is a huge departure from the doom/death sound so prevalent in their previous albums. While Antahema used to feature rock-solid, depressing walls of electric guitar and growling vocals, Eternity shows a massive expansion of the band's musical vocabulary. Acoustic guitars, clean vocals, and keyboards are all among the added elements used in this album. The album has a mournful, yet somehow hopeful, atmosphere and it seems as if this type of ambience is something the band was really shooting for. Vincent Cavanaugh's adoption of vocals from the departed Darren White seemed like an ominous move, but his pipes are surprisingly pleasant and fit the album well.
The best tracks are stacked towards the front of the album. "Angelica" has some excellent sustaining guitar melodies, while "The Beloved" is a faster track with some excellent, pained vocals. "Eternity Pt. I" is probably the highlight track, and really sums up the conceptual themes of the album. "Hope", another great track, is a cover song originally written by David Gilmour, which gives a clue as to where the inspiration for this album might lie.


text:
Esports With 'Violence' and 'Killing' Won't Be Accepted Into Olympics
Alleef Ashaari Tuesday, September 04, 2018
Just when esports' inclusion in the Olympics seems close, it slips even further away. Several esports demonstrative events were organized during the recent Asian Games 2018 held in Jakarta, Indonesia. Despite that being a milestone achieved by the esports industry, International Olympic Committee President Thomas Bach has announced that esports will not enter the Olympics as long as they contain violence and killing.
In an interview with the Associated Press, Bach said that they "cannot have in the Olympic program a game which is promoting violence or discrimination. So-called killer games. They, from our point of view, are contradictory to the Olympic values and cannot, therefore, be accepted." Bach is himself an Olympic gold medalist, having won the medal in fencing, a sport which features the use of swords.
Bach explained his own past by saying that "every combat sport has its origins in a real fight among people." He also added that "sport is the civilized expression about this. If you have egames where it's about killing somebody, this cannot be brought into line with our Olympic values." It is true that many games in esports feature the act of defeating opponents by "killing" them. Examples include games like DOTA 2, League of Legends, Overwatch, and more.
However, it is also equally true that many games in esports do not feature "killing" in any way. These include games based on real sports like FIFA and PES. If sports like boxing and martial arts can be featured in the Olympics, there should be nothing stopping fighting games like Street Fighter and Tekken from receiving the same treatment.
Aside from Mortal Kombat and a few others, fighting games don't usually feature "killing" and while it may be violent in nature, sports like martial arts and boxing are too. There are even esports scholarships being offered at multiple institutions around the world, including in the U.S. and the U.K.
Tags: Asian Games, DotA 2, eSports, League of Legends, Olympics


The world is becoming water scarce and energy hungry. Dow scientists are rising to the challenges.
Discover how Dow is addressing the need to carefully manage our limited resources.
With regional labs around the globe, our scientists are helping to make water safer and more accessible.
WE CREATE A WIDE RANGE OF INNOVATIVE AND SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTS FOR ENERGY AND WATER MARKETS.


Here's an overview offering a clear-eyed view of exactly what's happened in the Sarasota County real estate market during the past 12 months.
Note that these four charts are updated frequently and automatically from Multiple Listing Service (MLS) feeds. For the date of the most recent update, please see the line below each chart.
The Sold Price to List Price Ratio chart compares aggregate original list price to sold price for a given area/segment.


text:
Canadiens Blank Coyotes
February 22, 2000 / 11:07 PM / CBS/AP
Jeff Hackett waited a long time for this shutout.
Hackett made 27 saves for his 20th career shutout and first of the season as Benoit Brunet's goal with less than eight minutes left in the third period lifted the surging Montreal Canadiens to a 1-0 victory over the Phoenix Coyotes on Tuesday night.
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"It's about time," said Hackett, who won his fifth straight and got his first shutout since last March 24 at Edmonton. "I've been stuck on 19 and sometimes when you're trying to get a milestone like a 20th, it takes a little longer than you really want it to."
The win was Montreal's sixth in a row, the Canadiens' longest winning streak since recording seven straight wins in November of 1997. The Canadiens have gone 12-2-2-2 since Jan. 11.
Montreal moved within four points of the New York Rangers for the Eastern Conference's final playoff spot. The Canadiens also trail Carolina and Buffalo by three points.
"There are a lot of teams in the race," Brunet said. "It's going to be a battle until the end."
Brunet redirected Patrice Brisebois' slap shot from the point past Sean Burke at 12:34 of the third, just seconds after Phoenix defenseman Radoslav Suchy left the penalty box.
"It's a big goal for us," Brunet said. "It's a big win and we keep on moving."
Hackett and teammate Jose Theodore have combined for six shutouts this season. Theodore is tied with Buffalo's Martin Biron for the NHL lead with five.
"I've had a few chances (to get a hutout) in the last few weeks," Hackett said. "I've had a lot of one-goal games, but I haven't been able to do it and tonight I finally got through."
Phoenix went 0-for-7 on the power play and was held to no shots in three opportunities during the second period.
"It was terrible," Rick Tocchet said of Phoenix's power-play effort. "It's been costing us a lot. We'd probably be eight points better this year if our power play's even halfway decent."
Canadiens captain Saku Koivu, who returned after missing the previous 40 games with a dislocated left shoulder, assisted on Brunet's goal with a pass to Brisebois at the point.
Martin Rucinsky, Montreal's leading scorer with 38 points, needed five stitches to close a cut to the inside of his lower lip when he was struck in the mouth by Phoenix defenseman Stan Neckar's stick in the first period.
©2000 The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed
First published on February 22, 2000 / 11:07 PM
© 2000 CBS Interactive Inc. All Rights Reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed. The Associated Press contributed to this report.
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The mysteries of the octopus
The octopus is one of the most bizarre life forms on Earth – one of the smartest, most interesting, and most alien. It can camouflage itself in a flash, squeeze its entire body through a one-inch hole, and use their brains (yes, it has nine of them) to think and play. Chip Reid visits scientists at New England Aquarium in Boston, and the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Mass., and talks with Sy Montgomery, author of "The Soul of an Octopus," about these curious creatures.
Gary Clark Jr. on "This Land"
At 35 Gary Clark Jr. is still clearly uncomfortable being heralded as one of the best guitarists in a generation. He's played the White House, and toured with the Rolling Stones and Eric Clapton. This year his blues/rock album, "This Land," is up for four Grammy Awards. Kristine Johnson talks with the musician who describes himself as a "simple dude from Austin, Texas who picked up a guitar."
Carlos Ghosn's great escape
You don't get as far as Carlos Ghosn has come without thinking outside the box, or inside the box for that matter, which is how the former Nissan executive – facing trial in Japan for financial wrongdoing – managed to skip bail and flee the country. He spoke (somewhat evasively) with correspondent Charlie D'Agata about his improbable journey.
Sunday Profile: Kim Novak
Now on the cusp of turning 87, Kim Novak is still finding herself. The star of such classics as Alfred Hitchcock's "Vertigo," "Picnic," and "Bell, Book and Candle," the actress turned her back on Hollywood in the 1960s and has since pursued artwork and a love of animals. Mo Rocca reports.
Overdue protections for pregnant workers
It's a story told hundreds of thousands of times every year across America: Women can get the job – just don't get pregnant. Even though pregnancy discrimination has been illegal under federal law for more than 40 years, pregnant women are pushed out of their jobs every day, because employers still deny accommodations to pregnant workers. Jan Crawford talks to women who have faced serious choices and sometimes tragic circumstances affecting careers and family; and with two lawmakers trying to change federal law to better protect women in the workplace. [Photos from "Showing: Pregnancy in the Workplace" by Working Assumptions.]
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"It's a small planet ... We have a lot more likenesses than we do differences," pilot Bill Harrelson learned during his trip.


Literature References: Prepn from anisic acid: Lumsden, J. Chem. Soc. 87, 90 (1905); from 2-chlorocycloheptanone: Gutsche, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 71, 3513 (1949); by carbonation of cyclohexylmagnesium chloride: Wagner, Moore, ibid. 72, 974 (1950); from cyclohexane + KI + active Ni: Reppe et al., Ann. 582, 38 (1953); by oxidation of cycloheptanone: Payne, Smith, J. Org. Chem. 22, 1680 (1957); from cyclohexane + HCOOH or CO2: McKursick et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 82, 723 (1960); McKursick, US 2940913 (1960 to du Pont).
Properties: Liquid. bp 232.5°; bp20 131°; bp8 110°; bp<1 63-67°. Crystallizes, on cooling, in monoclinic prisms, mp 29°. Odorless but when liq or in soln has a valerian odor. d415 1.0480. nD20 1.4530. Soly in 100 g water at 15°: 0.201 g. Sol in most organic solvents.
Properties: Fragrant liq, bp 183°. d415 0.9954.
Use: Solubilizer for vulcanized rubber; clarifier for mineral oil; in insecticide formulations.


M. Charles Rhinehart (Missouri, b. 1930) large oil on canvas landscape depicting rocky mountains with shrubbery and bare trees, shrouded in clouds. Signed "M. Charles Rhinehart with monogram" lower right. Housed in a narrow wooden frame with linen liner. Sight – 29 1/4" H x 35 1/2" W. Framed – 33 1/2" H x 39 3/4" W. Mid/late 20th century. Provenance: Private collection, Nashville, TN. CONDITION: Scratches to canvas surface, largest 4" long, upper right quadrant.


Police in Escondido, California, have issued an alert to the Hispanic community warning them to beware of a new lottery scam that targets Spanish-speaking citizens.
Crooks work in pairs, backed-up by a third accomplice who offers them support via mobile phone.
According to the press release issued by Escondido Police Lieutenant Eric Skaja on Thursday, July 10, 2014, recent activity appears to be confined to the areas around East Valley Parkway, east of Ash Street.
The first crook—usually a woman—approaches the intended victim and claims to need help cashing a winning lottery ticket. Moments later the second crook—usually a male—arrives on the scene and offers their assistance.
The second crook then takes out his mobile phone and appears to ring the California Lottery to confirm the validity of the situation. The intended victim is then handed the phone and the third crook, posing as a lottery official, tries to convince them the claim is genuine and states an upfront payment will be required, to pay fees and taxes, before the payment can be released.
The first two scammers then ask the victim to withdraw a sizeable amount of money from their bank to pay the fees, promising to return up to five times the amount when the funds are released.
After the crooks have got the money they depart and the victim never sees or hears from them again.


text:
SPARK Adults
SPARKteam of Girl Activists
SPARK in the Media
SPARK Action Squad
Write for SPARK
SPARK Actions
SPARK Activist Theater
Doodle Us
Women on the Map
Young Voices For Justice
Youth Activist
girls' advocacy
Prevention Tookit
Powered by Girl
SPARK research
SPARKing Change
SPARK Consulting
Read here about all of the action campaigns that SPARK executed over the years. These campaigns were initiated by girls, but designed and launched in collaboration with SPARK adults and alongside many of our partner organizations. Replicate! Imitate! Copy! If you are interested in learning more about any of these campaigns or if you want guidance or consultation about how to adapt any of them for your community, please contact us.
Remove Offensive Anna Rexia Costume
This was one of our very first campaigns, and it was maybe the easiest success we ever had! If only all campaigns were this easy. After just a few hundred signatures, HalloweenStores.com removed this offensive costume glamorizing eating disorders off of its website.
Day of The Girl Comes to NYC
The City of New York, in collaboration with SPARK, declared October 11, 2012 New York City's official Day of the Girl! This declaration comes at the same time that the United Nations adopted Resolution 66/170, which declares October 11 as the International Day of the Girl. We are so proud that we were a key part of raising awareness about the unique issues girls face in New York City.
LEGO, Stop Condescending to Girls
This was our most controversial campaign–it turns out people get really heated when you try to talk about hypergendering children's toys. (Just ask Target.) The story is pretty simple: LEGO released a new line of toys "for girls" that SPARKteam activist Stephanie found troubling. Another SPARKteam activist, Bailey, tweeted Steph's blog post about the toys at LEGO, and they responded in a way we all thought was pretty disappointing. We launched a campaign asking them for a meeting to share our concerns, and after tens of thousands of signatures and global media attention, we got it! In preparation for our meeting, we wrote up a "gender audit" of the LEGO company where we analyzed all their current advertising and toy designs through a gender lens. We presented our findings to LEGO and left our meeting feeling pretty good, and while they're still dividing their toys somewhat along gender lines, the Friends line is significantly less lipstick-focused than at first launch. We can't help but feel we advanced the conversation around gendered play (Again, just ask Target!). And we were thrilled to see LEGO's newest line of scientists featuring ALL women.
Seventeen, No More Photoshop
Whenever Melissa was explaining her job to someone, she would say, "remember that girl [last month][last year][a couple years ago] who wanted Seventeen to stop using Photoshop?" and they would almost invariably say "yes!" Of course, the Seventeen campaign wasn't as simple as that: we actually asked Seventeen to run one spread every month that was unretouched. The petition, written by SPARKteam activist Julia Bluhm with help from the whole SPARKteam, got about 25,000 signatures in the end. We delivered the signatures directly to the Seventeen office, staging our own photo shoot downstairs first–it was a ton of fun! Julia and Dana met with the editor, Anne Shoket, and then we waited…and waited…and nothing happened! So we amped it up, putting together the #KeepItReal Challenge with Endangered Bodies, Miss Representation, and I Am That Girl. And then, it happened! In August, Seventeen published their Body Peace Treaty, pledging to never alter the faces or bodies of the girls in their magazine's pages. It wasn't exactly what we had asked for, but it was big: here was a promise, something that the readers could hold a magazine accountable for.
Teen Vogue, No More Photoshop
Following our success with Seventeen, we wanted to approach the other teen mag in town: Teen Vogue. SPARK girls Emma and Carina asked Teen Vogue to follow in Seventeen's footsteps and pledge not to retouch its models' faces and bodies. We got a meeting with them, too–but it didn't go quite as well. But we stepped it up, doing the "homework" Teen Vogue insisted we needed and backing up our concerns with serious research. Unfortunately, they ignored us. But the rest of the world didn't: Emma and Carina made headlines, sparking a conversation everywhere about not just digital retouching but honest representations of girls of all races, sizes, and abilities.
Seventeen/Teen Vogue Challenge
Months after the Teen Vogue petition had died down, we still weren't over teen magazines. We had talked about them SO MUCH: what was good, what was downright awful, what we thought could change, what the point of teen magazines even were. SPARKteam activists Alice and Eva wanted to dive in deep, so they designed the Seventeen/Teen Vogue Challenge: for a month, each of them would live their lives according to the advice of Seventeen or Teen Vogue. They started a blog to document the challenge, and it was incredible. They covered everything from the funny to the incredibly awkward to the downright scary. After their month of living like a teen mag, the project continued a while longer with a group of Tumblr users who continued to critique teen mags and share their own experiences. This was, by far, one of the most intense, girl-driven, high-reward actions we've ever done! Do yourself a favor and read through the whole archive.
We Demand Plus-Sized Mannequins at H & M
Can't win 'em all! In 2013, SPARKteam activists Montgomery, Georgia, and Anya petitioned H&M, asking them to use plus sized models in stores where they sold their (newly released in the US) plus-size line. We designed a super fun action to go along with it: girls would go to H&M stores and strike their best mannequin pose, then share their photos online. Our petition gained some traction, but soon after our launch, H&M was involved in a very public, very serious conversation about fashion supply chain labor and human rights. It seemed as though the timing wasn't quite right, so we put aside the campaign, waiting for a moment where it felt appropriate to launch again, but soon found ourselves moving away from the "ask a huge company to change things via petition" model.
#EducateCoaches
In December of 2012, Stuebenville, OH, made headlines: two star athletes in the football town had sexually assaulted a 16 year old girl at a party, while bystanders looked on, made jokes, and shared images of the attack on social media. This case was horrifying for us: this girl was our age. We knew student athletes who seemed to be able to get away with anything. We saw how the adults in Stuebenville covered for the perpetrators, and we wondered how much that happened elsewhere. We knew we had to take action. Coaches, we knew, set the tone for lots of schools, especially in football towns where they might be revered and honored. Even in towns without sports legacies, coaches are in incredibly unique positions to mentor and educate their athletes. We needed to reach coaches in order to reach their students. SPARK activist Carmen Rios teamed up with Colby College football player Connor Clancy, and together we asked the National Federation of High School Associations to work with a coalition of anti-violence experts to develop training materials for high school coaches. We were successful, and now those resources are available for use on the NFHS website. They are not, however, mandatory. That's why we developed this toolkit, designed for students, parents, and educators who want to ask their schools to require coaches to receive this kind of training.
At our 2013 training retreat, we talked a lot about representation: whose stories get told? How do we learn history? What does it mean when we only learn about the achievements of white men? We talked not just about our formal educations, but all the other places we learn who matters: statues, building names, currency, street names. And: Google Doodles. You know, those little cartoons that Google puts on their homepage when it's a holiday or a huge sporting event or someone's birthday? We talked about how it felt like we only ever saw dudes there. We wondered how bad it really was. So we started doing research, and it turns out: it was pretty bad. LIke, way bad. 76% white men kinda bad. After months of careful and painstaking research led by SPARKteam activist Celeste, we released our research at the start of 2014. Google took notice basically immediately: it turns out we had kind of blown up their spot. They knew they had a problem–with gender, anyway–and they were working to fix it. They had been planning to announce it in a month. Hah! We made headlines around the world, and when we checked in a little bit later, it seemed like they'd really held up to their word, at least on gender. Their representation of people of color was still seriously subpar. But, as Celeste noted, the Doodles take about six months from start to finish, so if Google is serious about representation in Doodles, they should be having an uptick right about…..now.
Our Doodle Us campaign received global media attention and led Google to contact and meet with us (in a Google Hangout!). At our meeting, we discussed ways we could work together and we pitched a really rad project: Women on the Map. They loved it and we began partnering with them to launch this innovative and educational project hosted on Field Trip, a Google mapping app. We researched and wrote over 100 women around the world who did something incredible (not so hard to find – women have been kicking ass for thousands of years!). Then, using Field Trip, we linked those achievements with IRL places using Google Map technology. When you download Field Trip and turn on SPARK's Women on the Map, your phone will buzz when you approach a place where a woman made history.
Capitol Cuties
Like basically everyone else in the unvierse, we were obsessed with The Hunger Games in 2013. We had written about the series in 2012, and the marketing for the 2013 release of Catching Fire (the film) really struck a nerve with us. Covergirl was releasing a makeup line called the Capitol Collection, along with a "lookbook" that let buyers do their makeup like a tribute would in the days before they enter the arena. First of all: what? Second of all: that is literally what the Capitol would do. They would release a makeup line so you could do up your face like your favorite person who you're about to watch die on live TV, and you would buy it, and then you would eat your food that was picked for you by literal slaves including the parents of the person whose makeup you're drawing "inspiration" from, and then your lipstick would be ruined and so you would reapply your makeup as you cheer for death!
OK, apparently in 2015 this STILL strikes a nerve! Anyway: we thought this makeup line was ridiculous and absurd, so we got ridiculous and absurd right back. We started a blog called Capitol Cuties and invited readers to put on their Capitol Finest and submit their photos with captions that show what being in the Capitol is really about: power, corruption, and greed. We got a ton of super awesome submissions for this blog and had a LOT of fun doing it.
Black Women Create
In late 2013, SPARKteam activist Joneka had a realization: we're always talking about how important it is for girls and women, and especially girls and women of color, to create their own media. But without role models, it's incredibly difficult to figure out how to forge a path. It was hard to know where to look for inspiration and guidance. This was a problem. Her solution? Talk to Black women who are working behind the camera in the film and television industry about their careers, their goals, their passion, and most of all, their art. This idea became a blog series, Black Women Create. Our first interview was with filmmaker Tchaiko Omawale, followed by another with producer and creator Lena Waithe. This ongoing project brought us in contact with incredible women from all parts of the arts.
SPARK Movement is a girl-fueled, intergenerational activist organization working online to ignite an anti-racist gender justice movement.
SPARKing change curriculum
SPARKits
Powered by Girl field guide
Colby College 4422 Mayflower Hill Waterville, ME 04901
dana(@)SPARKmovement(.)org
lyn (@) SPARKmovement (.) org


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Q: Laravel unique validation on multiple column I have a table that defines user connections like facebook friend. It has fields like -
id------------ sender_id ---------- receiver_id ---------------- status
Now, I want to validate if same data exists between 2 columns. Means,
1 ------------- 11 ---------- 22 -------- status  if this row exists, then
1 ------------- 11 ---------- 22 -------- status  this shouldn't be there. also
1 ------------- 22 ---------- 11 -------- status  this shouldn't be there.
Here, the sender_id is the auth user id.
I am trying to validate the receiver_id
$thisUser = auth()->user();

$validator = Validator::make($request->all(), [
            'receiver_id' => [
                'required',
                'exists:users,id',
                Rule::unique('user_connections')->where('sender_id', $thisUser->id),
                function($attribute, $value, $fail) use($thisUser, $request) {
                    if($thisUser->id == $request->input('receiver_id')) {
                        return $fail('You cannot send request to own!');
                    }
                },
            ],
        ]);

A: In this case your query will be checking both columns 2 times with OR criteria like
Lets say

*

*:sender_id = 11

*:receiver_id = 22

first clause will match sender_id with 11 and receiver_id with 22 and followed by another same clause but will swap values for these columns as sender_id with 22 and receiver_id with 11, so query will look like as
select count(*)
from user_connections
where (sender_id = :sender_id and receiver_id = :receiver_id)
   or (sender_id = :receiver_id and receiver_id = :sender_id)

You can customize your unique rule by extending your query as
Rule::unique('user_connections')->where(function ($query) use($thisUser, $request) {
    return $query->where(function ($query) use($thisUser, $request) {
               $query->where('sender_id', $thisUser->id)
                     ->where('receiver_id', $request->input('receiver_id'));
           })->orWhere(function($query) use($thisUser, $request){
                $query->where('sender_id', $request->input('receiver_id'))
                     ->where('receiver_id', $thisUser->id);
            })
})


If you have not checked out this challenge it is a MUST! I love her cards and love sketch challenges so this was a win/win for me!
She will post a card she has done in the past and then she does a new version of it and so do we!
This month the card stumped me as I'm not a big ribbon user the way it was used on this card. But I was determined to play. So glad I did cause it made me think outside the "card" and I really like how this came out.
Go here to see the card that I "lifted".
Can you see the sketch but see how I made it mine! I love it!! Thank you Tarynne for the inspiration!
1) Made Fresh Daily Wednesday Rewind Challenge #8 (MFDWR8) – On the 5th of every month I will post a card that I made from a couple months ago up to a couple years and I will lift the card. How do you play? Lift the card also! You can turn it, add to it, take away from it, as long as I can still see the original sketch in your card!
2) Alphabet Challenge Blog – M for Men Only. We would like to see projects for Men or with Men on them please.
4) Critter Sketch Challenge #126 – Anything Goes!
5) Paper Playtime Challenge #80 – Anything Goes!
Today's challenge at Clearly iStamp is GET WET!! Anything to do with water or a technique that looks like water!
I hope you will join us and show us how you will represent the challenge to do with WATER!!
1) Clearly Inspired Challenge #56 – GET WET! We want you to use wet images, use wet look techniques or eve products that would give a wet look like acetate or a dimensional glaze. Just get creative!
Clearly Digi Stamps July 2012 Release Day!!
Yippee!! A new month with new digital stamps to play with!! I will show you two of the stamps that I got to play with but there are WAY MORE at the store!! So go check out ALL the NEW RELEASES!
I first played with the Value Verses 2 Digital Stamp. I really love having Christian verses to make cards with….Thanks Lori for having such a great product! I paired it with the Manager Lamb Digital Image to make a beautiful Christmas Card. I would like to enter this into Card Crafter's Circle Challenge #31 – Christmas in July.
The other one I played with this month was Tag Blessings digital stamp. I used the pre-colored image and the digital paper that comes with the stamp!
I decided to do this theme with the card class I'm teaching at church on Friday. This is one of the cards we will be making.
Today's Clearly Inspired Challenge at Clearly iStamp is some like it HOT! It is a good thing we allow creative freedom (as long as it still fits the challenge somehow!) because the main thing that kept popping in my mind was "One Hot Mamma" I don't know why but that is how this card was created! I looked for songs and found a lyrics that said, "you're one hot mamma" but the rest of the song didn't go with the classy look I ended up with so I left the card blank. Not sure what the card can be used for but I love how it turned out!! I even got to use my new Martha Stewart punch I bought because it was on sale and I hadn't had a new punch in a long time! Oh and even used a couple of flowers out of the thousands I have sitting in pretty little jars!
I hope you get to play with us and show us your interpretation of HOT!
1) Clearly Inspired Challenge #55 – Some like it HOT!
2) Sweet Sketch Wednesday Challenge #161 – Use the sketch provided as inspiration!
3) Critter Sketch Challenge #122 -In honor of the celebrations that happen at the beginning of July (in North America) we want you to show us your sparkle! Please create a card or project that sparkles. This can be using Stickles, rhinestones, or anything with some bling/sparkle. Have fun!
A lady at work requested a wedding card. She gave me an invitation so I could see the theme and colors (yellow, blue, grey). They are also outdoor people that love to hike. On the invitation they had a tree and Isaiah 61:3 and she said if it could have those that would be awesome. So my husband drew me a tree and this is what I came up with. I did two so she could pick which one she likes the best.
It is yellow and grey I promise!! The sun made it look funny.
I have always wanted to try to make this card fold, Zig Zag or Center Step Fold, so I decided I would do it! I look at two tutorials and figured it out Splitcoaststampers and High Hopes Stamps (I like the drawing she has).
1) Card Crafter's Circle Challenge #29 – Under Construction! But we're talking construction in the creation of your card… we would love to see your creations that are more than a single-fold or gate-fold card…. what's your favorite? Easel Cards, Step Cards, Spinners, Sliders, Shaped cards, Waterfalls…. my goodness there are so many construction projects to create!
This is not exactly the colors but it does have yellow and the nature/lace theme her mom talked about.
The verse is on the inside bottom left of the card.
1) Tuesday Morning Sketches #152 – Use the sketch provided as inspiration! I missed the deadline but it was still inspired by their sketch.
Red, White and blue and a Happy Fourth to you!
I'm a little early with wishing everyone a Happy 4th of July but it's the week of so I think that is close enough!
I made this card for the card class I taught at church this past Friday (June 30, 2012).
1) Catch The Bug Challenge – It's all about the Season! Well, none other than a SEASONAL CHALLENGE. With the 4th of July just around the corner here in the US and Summer having OFFICIALLY arrived (have you been sweltering in the heat this week??) So – Seasonally – create a card or project that either has something to do with SUMMER or the 4TH OF JULY.
2) Cute Card Thursday Challenge #223 – Patriotic! So this week we want to inspire the patriot in you…It may be a famous person from your country, a famous place/landmark, your flag, colours or just a special time of year…whatever being patriotic means to you!
3) Card Makin Mamas Challenge #48 – Color challenge – Red, White, Blue.


text:
Lorde Just Blessed the World with Another New Song
And an album release date.
By Gina Mei
Hot on the heels of "Green Light," Lorde has decided to bless the world with yet another new song — and it's about to wreck your heart.
Titled "Liability," the dreamy, heartbreaking ballad is a relatable tune for anyone whose ever been told they're "a little much" by someone they love, whether romantically or otherwise. In an interview with Zane Lowe on Beats 1 Radio, the singer explained, "It's interesting because I had this realization that because of my lifestyle and what I do for work there's going to be a point with every single person around me where I'm gonna be a tax on them in some way. If it is having to give up a little portion of their privacy or their life becoming more difficult or whatever. It was just this moment of sadness and I remember it so vividly."
She also went on to state that her inspiration for the song came when she was in a cab alone listening to "Higher" by Rihanna after ANTI had just come out.
"I had a little cry and I was just like, 'It's always going to be this way, at some point with everyone it's going to be this way,'" she said. "But the song kind of ended up turning into a bit of a protective talismans for me. I was like, you know what, I'm always gonna have myself so I have to really nurture this relationship and feel good about hanging out with myself and loving myself."
You can listen to Lorde's gorgeous new song "Liability" below, and her forthcoming album Melodrama when it drops June 16. (Hooray for an official release date!)
Follow Gina on Twitter.
Gina Mei I'm Gina, the night editor here at Cosmopolitan.com!
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text:
6-Day Itineraries
Oslo to Bergen Summer Adventure - 6 Days
This 6-day itinerary combines Norway's two largest cities and a stunning mountainous area between them. Begin in modern Oslo—the fastest-growing capital in Europe—before heading westward to Eidfjord and Utne, home to the stunning Hardangervidda National Park. Top it off with a cruise to charming Bergen, the historic Hanseatic city known as the gateway to the fjords.
Explore a new five-and-a-half-mile waterfront park in Oslo by foot or bicycle
Check out waterfalls and beautiful trails while staying in Eidfjord
Partake in a range of outdoor activities near the village of Utne
Ride the steepest train in the world followed by a ferry through the Sognefjord
Explore Bergen's colorful and historic wharf dating back to the 16th century
Day 1 Arrive in Oslo Oslo
Day 2 Train to Geilo - Bus to Eidfjord Eidfjord
Day 3 Fjordcruise to Utne Utne
Day 4 Explore Utne & Cider Tasting Utne
Day 5 Train to Flåm - Fjordcruise to Bergen Bergen
Day 6 Depart Bergen
Day 1: Arrive in Oslo
Akrobaten pedestrian bridge in downtown Oslo
Welcome to Oslo! Norway's rapidly growing capital is still considered a small city, helped by the fact that it's surrounded by mountains and sea. Not only is the city center made for walking, but outlying neighborhoods—filled with charm and character—are easily accessible by public transportation, so jump on a tram, train, or bus and explore all of what Oslo has to offer.
Take a half-day and wander around Aker Brygge, an area on the Oslofjord made up of beautiful, modern buildings where you can find bars and abundant nightlife. It acts as a sort of courtyard for the city of Oslo and brings together both tourists and locals alike to enjoy the great food, atmosphere, and entertainment.
Spend the afternoon visiting the Viking Ship Museum and the Norwegian Open-Air Folk Museum by way of public transportation. Both museums are in the same area, so they pair well together!
Walk along the Havnepromenaden (harbor promenade)—a new five-and-a-half-mile waterfront park, which combines sightseeing, history, art, architecture, and a little bit of adventure.
Visit the Vigeland Sculpture Park, where 200 larger than life sculptures are placed throughout this green lung in the middle of the city.
For dinner, explore the city's historic core buzzing with restaurants and cafés that stay cozy in cold weather, with several options that offer outdoor seating during summer months.
Day 2: Train to Geilo - Bus to Eidfjord
Village of Eidfjord
After an early breakfast at your hotel, you'll take a train out of the city towards the mountain village of Geilo. Located along the scenic Bergen Railway, Geilo enjoys close proximity to two of the country's best national parks: Hallingskarvet and Hardangervidda. This mountainous area of Norway offers magnificent photo opportunities and year-round activities for all ages.
When you disembark the train, you'll simply walk over to the bus station to connect to your midday ride to Eidfjord. In about two hours, you will arrive at this small village along the Hardangerfjord (the 2nd longest fjord in Norway). With dramatic mountains and waterfall sightings, it's easy to see why Eidfjord is considered to be one of the most beautiful fjord-side towns in Norway.
Once you check into your guesthouse, you'll have the rest of the day to explore the area. Start by having tea or coffee at one of the waterfront cafés to enjoy the view, like the terrace at the Fjell & Fjord Hotel, then have a walk around to decide which restaurant you'd like to try for dinner. This is an ideal starting point for trips around the Hardangervidda, so there are plenty of activities to start thinking about.
Plan your trip to Norway
Day 3: Fjordcruise to Utne
Boat through the Hardangerfjord
Today, you can enjoy a relaxing breakfast at your hotel and more time exploring Eidfjord before you get ready to set sail! You'll head to the port in the early afternoon to catch your two-hour fjordcruise headed west for the town of Utne. Keep your camera close as the ride offers scenery in every direction.
When you arrive at Utne in the heart of the Hardangerfjord, you'll walk to your hotel and home base for the next two nights—one of Norway's oldest hotels. Utne Hotel has been in continuous operation in the same building since 1722 when Peder Larsson Børsem was granted his innkeeper's license. Careful thought is given to architectural details, amenities, and decor.
In the evening, wander around Utne's streets and then stop for dinner either in town or on-site. If choosing the latter, the restaurant at Utne Hotel is decorated almost the same way as it was in 1930 when it was designed in cooperation with the architect Torgeir Alvsaker.
Day 4: Explore Utne & Cider Tasting
Trolltunga's epic vantage point
After breakfast at your hotel, you'll have the whole day to spend in the Utne area! Some suggested activities include:
Hike the Valley of Husedalen: Just across the fjord from Utne is the Husadalen area, known for its four gorgeous waterfalls, located one after the other, on the way from Kinsarvik to Hardangervidda. Choose between a longer hiking route that passes each of the waterfalls (and back), which takes 5-6 hours, or a shorter option with fewer waterfalls.
Hike Trolltunga: Experience the impressive Trolltunga (Troll's Tongue) rock formation with this longer and more challenging day-trip. Located above Ringedalsvatnet Lake in Skjeggedal, Trolltunga's popular vantage point offers fantastic views of the area. This trip takes 8–10 hours with a height gain of 2952 feet (900 m).
Hardanger Folk Museum: This regional open-air museum in Utne features embroidery, traditional costumes, and Norway's largest collection of old Hardanger fiddles. Explore temporary and permanent art exhibitions, and several historic buildings including farmhouses and boathouses, artifacts, as well as outdoor art installations along with a museum shop and café.
In the evening, you'll take part in a local cider tasting at the hotel. Apples have been a popular crop in the area since the 13th century and this cold-pressed cider, between 3% and 12% alcohol, has a long tradition in the area. During the tasting, you'll try several variations and learn about the culture behind this important product.
Day 5: Train to Flåm - Fjordcruise to Bergen
Keep your camera close on this steep and scenic train ride
This morning, after an early breakfast at your hotel, you'll take the train to Myrdal and then connect to the famous Flåm Railway. This is known as one of the steepest railways in the world, with spectacular views of mountainous peaks and fjords. Be sure to watch for the Kjosfossen waterfall (the train will stop here for photographs before departing again for Flåm.)
Once you arrive, you may have some time to explore this small village along the Sognefjord. You may want to set out on a nearby hiking trail, visit the Flam Railway Museum, or tour the Flåm church—constructed from wood in 1667. Be sure to sample traditional Norwegian cuisine at one of the many cafes, pubs or restaurants in town.
In the mid-afternoon, you'll head to Flåm's port to travel to Bergen by ferry (about five hours) along the Sognefjord. Enjoy spectacular scenery and refreshments as you set sail and learn about local villages along this route. For instance, you'll cruise along the spectacular Aurlandsfjord, a branch of the Sognefjord which flows through Aurland and Undredal for your viewing pleasure. You'll also have an opportunity to gawk at the UNESCO World Heritage-listed Nærøyfjord with towering mountains rising 5,600 feet (1,700 m) high.
Once you get to Bergen, check out the Bryggen area of downtown to view old wooden houses dating back to the 1700s (a protected UNESCO World Heritage Site). The cobblestoned streets in town are compact and walkable, with lively restaurants and nightlife, thanks in part to a young student population.
Day 6: Depart Bergen
A good to catch the sunset in Bergen
It's time to say farewell to Norway! Enjoy your last moments in this beautiful city with a leisurely breakfast, neighborhood stroll, and/or souvenir shopping before you head to the airport for your return flight home.
Map of Oslo to Bergen Summer Adventure - 6 Days
Written by Lilly Graves, updated Oct 18, 2019
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Carl J.
"When my son said that he had a lifelong dream to see the northern lights, I knew that I'd need the help of a travel agent familiar with northern Scandinavia...." read more
Traveled to Norway as a couple in February, 2020
Frederic D.
"evrything went smoothly, as plan, we had a very good time. thank you for your help. \the trappers farm was amazing." read more
Traveled to Norway as a family in February, 2020
Wendy A H.
"Our trip to Norway was absolutely wonderful. I already knew where we wanted to go and what we wanted to see before I contacted Ingrid. She was instrumental..." read more
Traveled to Norway as a group in January, 2020
Laurel H.
"Traveling to Norway in December presents its own unique challenges - mostly due to the fact that the weather is unpredictable (which we knew going into thing..." read more
Traveled to Norway as a couple in December, 2019
Sheena H.
"The help we had planning our winter trip to Norway was amazing. Right from the beginning our thoughts were heard and ideas were given to make it all work. Fr..." read more
"Tatjana and I had a great time, specially in Geilo, where the snow, sun and skiing conditions were absolutely perfect. Heidi was a great guide and, further,..." read more
Anita C.
"Our 14 day trip to Norway was phenomenal! Linda did an amazing job curating our trip with a special overnight at a farm to table dogsledding adventure with K..." read more
Traveled to Norway as a couple in November, 2019
Jah N.
"I contacted KimKim for a much needed solo trip away and I was thinking about Norway. Julia was my specialist and she was fantastic! Not only did she liste..." read more
Traveled to Norway solo in November, 2019
Kum C.
"My trip was planned by Fridur and after a lot of messages back and forth, the entire schedule was turned upside down or rather north south reversal and no re..." read more
Rituparna B.
Arizona, United States
"Our trip to Northern Norway and the Finnish town of Kilpisjarvi was a dream come true. Our tour guides, Gareth and Amanda from Adventure by Design were aweso..." read more
Traveled to Norway as a family in November, 2019
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'Great choice' - Leicester City fans provide verdict on Watford's choice of new head coach
Leicester City news - Nigel Pearson is back in management, returning to the Premier League to take over strugglers Watford.
Nigel Pearson new manager of Watford FC presented to fans. (Image: Sebastian Frej/MB Media/Getty Images)
Former Leicester City boss Nigel Pearson has returned to management.
Pearson, who spent six years at City across two spells, achieving promotion to the Premier League and, of course, the great escape, has been charged with keeping Watford in the top-flight.
He replaces Quique Sanchez Flores and has been appointed on an initial deal to become the Hornets head coach until the end of the season.
Watford currently sit bottom of the Premier League, six points from safety.
But as City fans know, Pearson knows a thing or two about achieving great escapes.
And that's why they have given Watford plenty of hope in their reactions on social media.
City fans are largely delighted to see Pearson given another shot at the top flight, expressing as much on Twitter.
Here's how they have reacted.