text:
voice of humanity: News: James Moore's Second Superpower Article
News: James Moore's Second Superpower Article 2 comments
31 Aug 2003 @ 09:35, by Roger Eaton
An good article - worth a look.
From The Second Superpower Rears its Beautiful Head by James Moore
"Overall, what can be said for the prospects of the second superpower? With its mind enhanced by Internet connective tissue, and international law as a venue to work with others for progressive action, the second superpower is starting to demonstrate its potential. But there is much to do. How do we assure that it continues to gain in strength? And at least as important, how do we continue to develop the mind of the second superpower, so that it maximizes wisdom and goodwill? The future, as they say, is in our hands. We need to join together to help the second superpower, itself, grow stronger." -- James Moore
http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/people/jmoore/secondsuperpower.html
The Second Superpower Rears its Beautiful Head
James F. Moore
Berkman Center for Internet & Society
jmoore@cyber.law.harvard.edu
Available as PDF
James Moore's Weblog
As the United States government becomes more belligerent in using its power in the world, many people are longing for a "second superpower" that can keep the US in check. Indeed, many people desire a superpower that speaks for the interests of planetary society, for long-term well-being, and that encourages broad participation in the democratic process. Where can the world find such a second superpower? No nation or group of nations seems able to play this role, although the European Union sometimes seeks to, working in concert with a variety of institutions in the field of international law, including the United Nations. But even the common might of the European nations is barely a match for the current power of the United States.
There is an emerging second superpower, but it is not a nation. Instead, it is a new form of international player, constituted by the "will of the people" in a global social movement. The beautiful but deeply agitated face of this second superpower is the worldwide peace campaign, but the body of the movement is made up of millions of people concerned with a broad agenda that includes social development, environmentalism, health, and human rights. This movement has a surprisingly agile and muscular body of citizen activists who identify their interests with world society as a whole—and who recognize that at a fundamental level we are all one. These are people who are attempting to take into account the needs and dreams of all 6.3 billion people in the world—and not just the members of one or another nation. Consider the members of Amnesty International who write letters on behalf of prisoners of conscience, and the millions of Americans who are participating in email actions against the war in Iraq. Or the physicians who contribute their time to Doctors Without Borders/ Medecins Sans Frontieres.
While some of the leaders have become highly visible, what is perhaps most interesting about this global movement is that it is not really directed by visible leaders, but, as we will see, by the collective, emergent action of its millions of participants. Surveys suggest that at least 30 million people in the United States identify themselves this way—approximately 10% of the US population. The percentage in Europe is undoubtedly higher. The global membership in Asia, South America, Africa and India, while much lower in percentage of the total population, is growing quickly with the spread of the Internet. What makes these numbers important is the new cyberspace-enabled interconnection among the members. This body has a beautiful mind. Web connections enable a kind of near-instantaneous, mass improvisation of activist initiatives. For example, the political activist group Moveon.org, which specializes in rapid response campaigns, has an email list of more than two million members. During the 2002 elections, Moveon.org raised more than $700,000 in a few days for a candidate's campaign for the US senate. It has raised thousands of dollars for media ads for peace—and it is now amassing a worldwide network of media activists dedicated to keeping the mass media honest by identifying bias and confronting local broadcasters.
New forms of communication and commentary are being invented continuously. Slashdot and other news sites present high quality peer-reviewed commentary by involving large numbers of members of the web community in recommending and rating items. Text messaging on mobile phones, or texting, is now the medium of choice for communicating with thousands of demonstrators simultaneously during mass protests. Instant messaging turns out to be one of the most popular methods for staying connected in the developing world, because it requires only a bit of bandwidth, and provides an intimate sense of connection across time and space. The current enthusiasm for blogging is changing the way that people relate to publication, as it allows realtime dialogue about world events as bloggers log in daily to share their insights. Meta-blogging sites crawl across thousands of blogs, identifying popular links, noting emergent topics, and providing an instantaneous summary of the global consciousness of the second superpower.
The Internet and other interactive media continue to penetrate more and more deeply all world society, and provide a means for instantaneous personal dialogue and communication across the globe. The collective power of texting, blogging, instant messaging, and email across millions of actors cannot be overestimated. Like a mind constituted of millions of inter-networked neurons, the social movement is capable of astonishingly rapid and sometimes subtle community consciousness and action.
Thus the new superpower demonstrates a new form of "emergent democracy" that differs from the participative democracy of the US government. Where political participation in the United States is exercised mainly through rare exercises of voting, participation in the second superpower movement occurs continuously through participation in a variety of web-enabled initiatives. And where deliberation in the first superpower is done primarily by a few elected or appointed officials, deliberation in the second superpower is done by each individual—making sense of events, communicating with others, and deciding whether and how to join in community actions. Finally, where participation in democracy in the first superpower feels remote to most citizens, the emergent democracy of the second superpower is alive with touching and being touched by each other, as the community works to create wisdom and to take action.
How does the second superpower take action? Not from the top, but from the bottom. That is, it is the strength of the US government that it can centrally collect taxes, and then spend, for example, $1.2 billion on 1,200 cruise missiles in the first day of the war against Iraq. By contrast, it is the strength of the second superpower that it could mobilize hundreds of small groups of activists to shut down city centers across the United States on that same first day of the war. And that millions of citizens worldwide would take to their streets to rally. The symbol of the first superpower is the eagle—an awesome predator that rules from the skies, preying on mice and small animals. Perhaps the best symbol for the second superpower would be a community of ants. Ants rule from below. And while I may be awed seeing eagles in flight, when ants invade my kitchen they command my attention.
In the same sense as the ants, the continual distributed action of the members of the second superpower can, I believe, be expected to eventually prevail. Distributed mass behavior, expressed in rallying, in voting, in picketing, in exposing corruption, and in purchases from particular companies, all have a profound effect on the nature of future society. More effect, I would argue, than the devastating but unsustainable effect of bombs and other forms of coercion.
Deliberation in the first superpower is relatively formal—dictated by the US constitution and by years of legislation, adjudicating, and precedent. The realpolitik of decision making in the first superpower—as opposed to what is taught in civics class—centers around lobbying and campaign contributions by moneyed special interests—big oil, the military-industrial complex, big agriculture, and big drugs—to mention only a few. In many cases, what are acted upon are issues for which some group is willing to spend lavishly. By contrast, it is difficult in the US government system to champion policy goals that have broad, long-term value for many citizens, such as environment, poverty reduction and third world development, women's rights, human rights, health care for all. By contrast, these are precisely the issues to which the second superpower tends to address its attention.
Deliberation in the second superpower is evolving rapidly in both cultural and technological terms. It is difficult to know its present state, and impossible to see its future. But one can say certain things. It is stunning how quickly the community can act—especially when compared to government systems. The Internet, in combination with traditional press and television and radio media, creates a kind of "media space" of global dialogue. Ideas arise in the global media space. Some of them catch hold and are disseminated widely. Their dissemination, like the beat of dance music spreading across a sea of dancers, becomes a pattern across the community. Some members of the community study these patterns, and write about some of them. This has the effect of both amplifying the patterns and facilitating community reflection on the topics highlighted. A new form of deliberation happens. A variety of what we might call "action agents" sits figuratively astride the community, with mechanisms designed to turn a given social movement into specific kinds of action in the world. For example, fundraisers send out mass appeals, with direct mail or the Internet, and if they are tapping into a live issue, they can raise money very quickly. This money in turn can be used to support activities consistent with an emerging mission.
The process is not without its flaws and weaknesses. For example, the central role of the mass media—with its alleged biases and distortions—is a real issue. Much news of the war comes to members of the second superpower from CNN, Fox, and the New York Times, despite the availability of alternative sources. The study of the nature and limits of this big mind is just beginning, and we don't know its strengths and weaknesses as well as we do those of more traditional democracy. Perhaps governance is the wrong way to frame this study. Rather, what we are embarked on is a kind of experimental neurology, as our communication tools continue to evolve and to rewire the processes by which the community does its shared thinking and feeling. One of the more interesting questions posed to political scientists studying the second superpower is to what extent the community's long-term orientation and freedom from special interests is reinforced by the peer-to-peer nature of web-centered ways of communicating—and whether these tendencies can be intentionally fostered through the design of the technology.
Which brings us to the most important point: the vital role of the individual. The shared, collective mind of the second superpower is made up of many individual human minds—your mind and my mind—together we create the movement. In traditional democracy our minds don't matter much—what matters are the minds of those with power of position, and the minds of those that staff and lobby them. In the emergent democracy of the second superpower, each of our minds matters a lot. For example, any one of us can launch an idea. Any one of us can write a blog, send out an email, create a list. Not every idea will take hold in the big mind of the second superpower—but the one that eventually catches fire is started by an individual. And in the peer-oriented world of the second superpower, many more of us have the opportunity to craft submissions, and take a shot.
The contrast goes deeper. In traditional democracy, sense-making moves from top to bottom. "The President must know more than he is saying" goes the thinking of a loyal but passive member of the first superpower. But this form of democracy was established in the 18th century, when education and information were both scarce resources. Now, in more and more of the world, people are well educated and informed. As such, they prefer to make up their own minds. Top-down sense-making is out of touch with modern people.
The second superpower, emerging in the 21st century, depends upon educated informed members. In the community of the second superpower each of us is responsible for our own sense-making. We seek as much data—raw facts, direct experience—as we can, and then we make up our own minds. Even the current fascination with "reality television" speaks to this desire: we prefer to watch our fellows, and decide ourselves "what's the story" rather than watching actors and actresses play out a story written by someone else. The same, increasingly, is true of the political stage—hence the attractiveness of participation in the second superpower to individuals.
Now the response of many readers will be that this is a wishful fantasy. What, you say, is the demonstrated success of this second superpower? After all, George Bush was almost single-handedly able to make war on Iraq, and the global protest movement was in the end only able to slow him down. Where was the second superpower?
The answer is that the second superpower is not currently able to match the first. On the other hand, the situation may be more promising than we realize. Most important is that the establishment of international institutions and international rule of law has created a venue in which the second superpower can join with sympathetic nations to successfully confront the United States. Consider the international effort to ban landmines. Landmines are cheap, deadly, and often used against agrarian groups because they make working the fields lethal, and sew quite literally the seeds of starvation. In the 1990s a coalition of NGOs coordinated by Jody Williams, Bobby Muller and others managed to put this issue at the top of the international agenda, and promote the establishment of the treaty banning their use. For this, the groups involved were awarded the 1997 Nobel Peace Prize. While the United States has so far refused to sign the treaty, it has been highly isolated on the issue and there is still hope that some future congress and president will do so.
At the Kyoto meetings on global climate change, a group of NGOs coordinated by Nancy Keat of the World Resources Institute joined with developing nations to block the interests of the United States and its ally, big oil. The only way for the United States to avoid being checkmated was to leave the game entirely. In the World Trade Organization, the second superpower famously shut down the Seattle meeting in 1999, and later helped to force a special "development round" focused on the needs of poor countries. That round is currently underway—and while the United States and others are seeking to subvert the second superpower agenda, the best they have achieved to date is stalemate.
And finally, while George Bush was indeed able to go to war with Iraq, the only way he could do so was to ignore international law and split with the United Nations. Had he stayed within the system of international institutions, his aims likely would have been frustrated. The French and the Germans who led the attempt to stop him could not, I believe, have done what they did without the strength of public opinion prodding them—the second superpower in action.
Now we all know that the Bush administration has decided to undermine, in many cases, the system of international law. Some argue that by pulling out, the administration has fatally damaged the international system, and ushered in a new era where the United States determines the rules—hub and spoke style—through bilateral deals with other nations. The result, some will say, is that the second superpower no longer has a venue in which to meet the first effectively. In my view this is an overly pessimistic assessment—albeit one that members of the second superpower need to take seriously and strive to render false by our success in supporting international institutions.
International law and institutions are not going away. Too many parties want and need them. First, individuals around the world are becoming more globally aware, and more interested in international institutions. Global media, travel, and immigration all contribute to citizens being aware of the benefits of consistent approaches to everything from passport control to human rights. It is striking, for example, that up until the final days before the war, a majority of the US population wanted the president to deal with Iraq in concert with the United Nations. Second, business organizations want global rule of law. Global trade is now central to a vast majority of businesses and almost all nations—and such trade requires rules administered by multilateral bodies. Third, most nations want a global legal system. In particular, European nations, wary of war, outclassed in one-on-one power confrontations with the United States, have become strongly committed to a post-national world. They are pouring collective national resources of enormous magnitude into continuously strengthening the international system.
The key problem facing international institutions is that they have few ways to enforce their will on a recalcitrant US government. And this is where the second superpower is a part of the solution. Enforcement has many dimensions. When the United States opts to avoid or undermine international institutions, the second superpower can harass and embarrass it with demonstrations and public education campaigns. The second superpower can put pressure on politicians around the world to stiffen their resolve to confront the US government in any ways possible. And the second superpower can also target US politicians and work to remove at the polls those who support the administration's undercutting of international law.
Longer term, we must press for a direct voice for the second superpower in international institutions, so that we are not always forced to work through nations. This means, as a practical matter, a voice for citizens, and for NGOs and "civil society" organizations. For example, the Access Initiative of the World Resources Institute is working to give citizens' groups the ability to influence environmental decisions made by international organizations such as the World Bank. The Digital Opportunity Task Force of the G8 group of nations included a formal role for civil society organizations, as does the United Nations Information and Communications Technology Task Force.
Overall, what can be said for the prospects of the second superpower? With its mind enhanced by Internet connective tissue, and international law as a venue to work with others for progressive action, the second superpower is starting to demonstrate its potential. But there is much to do. How do we assure that it continues to gain in strength? And at least as important, how do we continue to develop the mind of the second superpower, so that it maximizes wisdom and goodwill? The future, as they say, is in our hands. We need to join together to help the second superpower, itself, grow stronger.
First, we need to become conscious of the "mental processes" in which we are involved as members of the second superpower, and explore how to make our individual sense-making and collective action more and more effective. This of course means challenging and improving the mass media, and supporting more interactive and less biased alternatives. But more ambitiously, we will need to develop a kind of meta-discipline, an organizational psychology of our community, to explore the nature of our web-enabled, person-centered, global governance and communication processes, and continue to improve them.
Second, and ironically, the future of the second superpower depends to a great extent on social freedoms in part determined by the first superpower. It is the traditional freedoms—freedom of the press, of assembly, of speech—that have enabled the second superpower to take root and grow. Indeed, the Internet itself was constructed by the US government, and the government could theoretically still step in to restrict its freedoms. So we need to pay close attention to freedom in society, and especially to freedom of the Internet. There are many moves afoot to censor the web, to close down access, and to restrict privacy and free assembly in cyberspace. While we generally associate web censorship with countries like China or Saudi Arabia, tighter control of the web is also being explored in the United States and Europe. The officials of the first superpower are promoting these ideas in the name of preventing terrorism, but they also prevent the open peer-to-peer communication that is at the heart of the second superpower. We need to insist on an open web, an open cyberspace, around the globe, because that is the essential medium in which the second superpower lives.
Third, we must carefully consider how best to support international institutions, so that they collectively form a setting in which our power can be exercised. Perhaps too often we attack institutions like the World Bank that might, under the right conditions, actually become partners with us in dealing with the first superpower. International institutions must become deeply more transparent, accessible to the public, and less amenable to special interests, while remaining strong enough to provide a secure context in which our views can be expressed.
And finally, we must work on ourselves and our community. We will dialogue with our neighbors, knowing that the collective wisdom of the second superpower is grounded in the individual wisdom within each of us. We must remind ourselves that daily we make personal choices about the world we create for ourselves and our descendants. We do not have to create a world where differences are resolved by war. It is not our destiny to live in a world of destruction, tedium, and tragedy. We will create a world of peace.
31 Aug 2003 @ 09:42 by mre : Second Superpower
Indeed, let us take heart! Thank you, James Moore.
20 Jan 2009 @ 03:43 by field @58.242.200.148 : cool
We will dialogue with our neighbors, knowing that the collective wisdom of the second superpower is grounded in the individual wisdom within each of us.
24 Jun 2007 @ 17:20: news release


text:
ApiTraceFilter::ApiTraceFilter(QObject *parent)
    : QSortFilterProxyModel(),
      m_filters(ExtensionsFilter | ResolutionsFilter |
                ErrorsQueryFilter | ExtraStateFilter)
{
}

bool ApiTraceFilter::filterAcceptsRow(int sourceRow,
                                      const QModelIndex &sourceParent) const
{
    QModelIndex index0 = sourceModel()->index(sourceRow, 0, sourceParent);
    QVariant varientData = sourceModel()->data(index0, ApiTraceModel::EventRole);
    ApiTraceEvent *event = varientData.value<ApiTraceEvent*>();

    Q_ASSERT(event);
    if (!event)
        return false;

    //we don't filter frames
    if (event->type() == ApiTraceEvent::Frame) {
        return true;
    }

    ApiTraceCall *call = static_cast<ApiTraceCall*>(event);
    QString function = call->name();

    if (!m_regexp.isEmpty() && m_regexp.isValid()) {
        return function.contains(m_regexp);
    }

    if (m_filters & ResolutionsFilter) {
        if (function.contains(QLatin1String("glXGetProcAddress")))
            return false;
        if (function.contains(QLatin1String("wglGetProcAddress")))
            return false;
    }

    if (m_filters & ErrorsQueryFilter) {
        if (function.contains(QLatin1String("glGetError")))
            return false;
    }

    if (m_filters & ExtraStateFilter) {
        if (function.contains(QLatin1String("glXGetCurrentDisplay")))
            return false;
        if (function.contains(QLatin1String("wglDescribePixelFormat")))
            return false;
    }

    if (m_filters & ExtensionsFilter) {
        if (function.contains(QLatin1String("glXGetClientString")))
            return false;
        if (function.contains(QLatin1String("glXQueryExtensionsString")))
            return false;
        if (function.contains(QLatin1String("glGetString")))
            return false;
    }

    if (m_filters & CustomFilter) {
        return !function.contains(m_customRegexp);
    }

    return true;
}

void ApiTraceFilter::setFilterRegexp(const QRegExp &regexp)
{
    if (regexp != m_regexp) {
        m_regexp = regexp;
        invalidate();
    }
}

ApiTraceFilter::FilterOptions ApiTraceFilter::filterOptions() const
{
    return m_filters;
}

void ApiTraceFilter::setFilterOptions(ApiTraceFilter::FilterOptions opts)
{
    if (opts != m_filters) {
        m_filters = opts;
        invalidate();
    }
}

QModelIndex ApiTraceFilter::indexForCall(ApiTraceCall *call) const
{
    ApiTraceModel *model = static_cast<ApiTraceModel *>(sourceModel());
    QModelIndex index = model->indexForCall(call);
    return mapFromSource(index);
}

QRegExp ApiTraceFilter::filterRegexp() const
{
    return m_regexp;
}

void ApiTraceFilter::setCustomFilterRegexp(const QString &str)
{
    m_customRegexp = QRegExp(str);
}

QString ApiTraceFilter::customFilterRegexp() const
{
    return m_customRegexp.pattern();
}

#include "apitracefilter.moc"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Commentary: What does it mean to be a Missourian?
By Gary R. Kremer
The year 2021 marks the 200th anniversary of statehood for Missouri — Aug. 10, to be exact. Almost seven years ago, the 97th Missouri General Assembly put the State Historical Society of Missouri in charge of planning statewide commemorations of the bicentennial. Since that time, we have visited Missourians in each county in the state, listening to how their communities would like to celebrate this milestone in Missouri's history. Now, this momentous year is almost upon us.
The year, 2020, leading up to our 200th year has certainly been a memorable one, as our world fights a deadly pandemic. One hundred years ago, Missouri celebrated its centennial that came a few short years after another lethal virus, the 1918 flu pandemic, infected about 500 million people. The world was also recovering from a war that took the lives of 40 million soldiers and civilians.
Resiliency is a word that quickly comes to mind as we look back in history while trying to chart a course for tomorrow. And we find this inner strength by looking no further than the place we call home.
In his book, "Following the Equator," published in 1897, one of Missouri's most famous sons, the inestimable Mark Twain, wrote: "All that goes to make the me in me began in a Missouri village..." I feel the same way. Missouri is a place that I have always called home, as have four generations of my family who preceded me here. It is a place that has alternately confounded and comforted me, which has both excited and exasperated me. Most of all, it is a place that has endlessly intrigued me.
One of the things that intrigues me most about Missouri is its diversity. To understand this point, one needs to look no farther than the multiple landscapes our state offers: the delta of southeast Missouri, the Ozarks hills of the southwest, the prairie lands of the state's western border, and the rich farmland of the rolling hills north of the Missouri River. These regions are as different as the people who occupy them, as different as the people they have produced. St. Louis and Kansas City may both be major Midwestern urban centers, but they are as different as night and day. We, Missourians, embody and exemplify the complexity and diversity of this great nation; our diversity is an attribute meant to be celebrated.
There is much to celebrate and to commemorate in calling to mind our rich collective history over the span of two centuries. The bicentennial offers an opportunity for exploring and promoting the rich history and multiple cultures of Missouri's local communities, counties and regions, while simultaneously preparing a dynamic economic, social, and cultural future for the people of this state. It is our intent that the bicentennial commemoration become a path to a "usable past," one which guides our citizens' decision-making in the present and into the future.
There is a basic question that we hope Missourians will address over the course of the upcoming bicentennial year: what does it mean to be a Missourian, AND, how has that meaning changed over time?
The simple answer to that question, of course, is, "It depends!" It depends on where you lived, and when, and how you made your living. It depends on whether you were male or female, and what your race, ethnicity, religion and level of education was. It depends on whether you lived on a farm, in a mining camp or a village, or in a city.
That is why our state's bicentennial commemoration is a truly statewide, grassroots series of events that involve Missourians from all 114 counties and the independent City of St. Louis. We must somehow capture all of these different "Missourees" and "Missourahs" as we move to celebrate. So far, more than 100 local, regional, and statewide projects are underway to commemorate our 200th birthday. We continue to encourage and invite individuals, communities, and organizations to take part in this once-in-a-lifetime opportunity. Please visit our website Missouri2021.org to learn about the variety of activities, up-to-date calendar of events, and how you can be involved.
Missouri is our home, a place that has shaped who we are, a place that has, in return, given us the means to shape its future, and our own. The year 2021 will be an important time to be a Missourian and if we see an end to the COVID-19 Flu pandemic, which we hope with the distribution of vaccines, it will give Missourians a chance to come together in celebration.
Gary R. Kremer is the executive director of the State Historical Society of Missouri, which is in charge of coordinating Missouri's bicentennial in 2021. Visit Missouri2021.org to learn more about the projects and events to commemorate Missouri's 200th anniversary of statehood.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Why my Bottom Navigation View does not show any titles or icons? Here is my Bottom Navigation View in activity_main.xml:
    <com.google.android.material.bottomnavigation.BottomNavigationView
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
android:background="?android:attr/windowBackground"
android:backgroundTint="#1091BF"
app:itemIconTint="#fff"
app:itemTextColor="#fff"
app:menu="@menu/navigation_bottom" />

Here is my Bottom Navigation Menu in navigation_bottom.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<item
    android:id="nav_home"
    android:icon="@drawable/ic_navigation_24dp"
    android:title="@string/home"/>

<item
    android:id="nav_education"
    android:icon="@drawable/ic_school_24dp"
    android:title="@string/education"/>

<item
    android:id="nav_report"
    android:icon="@drawable/ic_report_24dp"
    android:title="@string/report"/>

<item
    android:id="nav_activity"
    android:icon="@drawable/ic_activity_24dp"
    android:title="@string/activity"/>

<item
    android:id="nav_profile"
    android:icon="@drawable/ic_person_24dp"
    android:title="@string/profile"/>

Here is my dependencies in the build.gradle(Module:app):
dependencies {
implementation fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
implementation 'androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.1.0'
implementation 'androidx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout:1.1.3'
testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.12'
androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test:runner:1.2.0'
androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.2.0'

//Added code
//Navigation Dependencies
def nav_version = "2.1.0"
implementation "androidx.navigation:navigation-fragment:$nav_version"
implementation "androidx.navigation:navigation-ui:$nav_version"}

I don't understand why my Bottom Navigation View doesn't show anything. On the design tab in activity_main.xml, it doesn't even have any height when I choose wrap_content to the layout_height.

A: See this: LabelVisibilityMode
set your app:labelVisibilityMode to labeled

A: If you want to use BottomNavigation you can set you menu in you xml file with:
app:menu="@menu/my_navigation_items"

All you have do then is override the onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item)method in you activity and implement the real navigation.
If I get you question right you also want to display a title? The name of you App?
You can't do that with BottomNavigation. You should then use an AppBarLayout together with your BottomNavigation
I hope this will help you.

Source:

*

*https://developer.android.com/reference/com/google/android/material/bottomnavigation/BottomNavigationView

*https://material.io/develop/android/components/bottom-navigation-view/

A: Try to use app1 attributes instead of app:
app1:itemIconTint="#fff"
app1:itemTextColor="#fff"
app1:menu="@menu/navigation_bottom"

Also, add this dependency in your Module:app version of gradle.
implementation 'com.google.android.material:material:1.2.0'

Hope it works!!!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Well, today is Day 2 of my 21 day program of exercise, meditation, and organization. I didn't really have time to exercise this morning, as I'm about to catch the 7:36am train into the city, but I did it anyway. I also meditated and feel great. I will certainly organize later today.
Yesterday I talked about doing what you need to do.
Today, I'm telling you that after you do those things, create moments for today.
We tend to think that we will live forever.
We accumulate "things" and save all of our money, but we can't take those things with us, can we? It doesn't matter if you're the richest person in the graveyard.
At the end of your life, it is the moments that you will remember. And it is the things that you wish you had done.
Go all out in your sport.
We only have one chance at this wonderful thing called life.
Start taking guitar lessons. Start taking cooking classes. Make time for reading.
Playing tennis in Central Park with the great Bob Ryland, the first black professional tennis player.


Vanderbilt sophomore Jacob Beranek has loved both music and his Czech heritage since he was very young. These passions recently converged in an incredible opportunity for the Blair School of Music composition major.
The Wisconsin native was inspired to compose a piece of music in honor of the 100th anniversary of Czechoslovakia's independence.
"I love all things Czech, and I'm interested in their culture and music," said Beranek, who is an Anne Potter Wilson Honor Scholarship recipient. "I included folk songs I know and dance rhythms and old Czech chorales from the 14th century. I just immersed myself in that world." Beranek said he was inspired to create something in the Czech tradition, yet put a personal spin on it.
Having met the director of the national Band of the Castle Guards and Police of the Czech Republic (now referred to as Czechia) once before, Beranek decided to take a leap of faith and send him the composition.
The centennial celebration coincided with Vanderbilt's fall break, so Beranek and his family traveled to Prague for the event held in Prague Castle's grand Spanish Hall. Dignitaries, including the U.S. ambassador to Czechia and the great-great-grandson of famous Czech composer Antonín Dvořák, were in attendance. Beranek was the only American represented on the program.
Beranek holding the sheet music for his composition of Památník in Spanish Hall, Prague Castle.
After the Czech performance, Beranek received a commission for the Wisconsin Philharmonic to perform his piece. "It's kind of fun to reimagine the piece with different instruments, because now I'm really getting to know my music," he said.
Beranek started piano lessons at age 7, and started composing music at 8 when his instructor required him to study theory and write music as part of his lessons.
He started composing seriously in high school, earning multiple accolades including being named the first-ever composer-in-residence of the Midsummer's Music Festival in Door County, Wisconsin, a three-year position that runs through 2020.
One of Jacob's first times at a piano.
music schools within a top-15 university in the country. He wanted to enjoy a full undergraduate experience, something he couldn't get at a conservatory.
Listen to the Prague performance here.
Learn more about Jacob Beranek here.
Learn more about Blair School of Music here.
TweetA @Vanderbiltu sophomore poured his heart into a piece of music, then took a leap of faith. Watch how his dream came true.
TweetWatch how a special piece of original music took a @Blairschool student to Prague Castle.


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Two Men Arrested for Cannibalism
Old habits die hard. Two brothers in Pakistan who were previously jailed for cannibalism were arrested once again on Monday after authorities found an infant's severed head in their home. Muhammad Arif and Farman Ali were apprehended in their remote village of Bhakkar after neighbors complained about a "foul smell" coming from their home. Muhammad told police the infant was disinterred from a graveyard before they cooked and ate the remains. The brothers already made headlines in Pakistan in 2011 for admitting to eating five corpses dug up from graveyards. Cannibalism isn't a crime in Pakistan, so they were convicted for defiling bodies and each served about a year and a half in prison.


Tamy Ben-Tor, Judensau, 2007. Photo courtesy of the artist and Riccardo Crespi Gallery.
Tamy Ben-Tor Judensau at Salon 94, Nov 5.
The first of Tamy Ben-Tor??�s four incarnations as part of her performance Judensau at Salon 94 was as a Gepetto-like character with a blonde wig and moustache, pressed shorts and slippers. She??�d made her skin pale with powder so that her eyes looked all the more watery and red, adding to the measured despair of the character??�s monologue given in German. For me, without an idea of what was being said, Ben-Tor??�s physical expressions, her head mechanically shaking from side to side, her tongue sticking out in disgust and her slight rhythmical movements to the folk music soundtrack convinced you of some kind of detachment, a tangible gap between what the audience was expecting and what Ben-Tor had to say.
The three subsequent characters she assumed the roles of gave slightly more away. Changing personas at the side of the stage from the blond man into a raven haired, buck toothed, starchy school teacher figure, the artist read out the title of the second vignette in English ??� ???How does a Jew look???� Some German-speaking members of the audience giggled at a few early sections of her spiel; I imagined the front row were being sprayed with spittle throughout her comically delivered rant, but as she progressed I picked up on a few words here and there, ???homosexual??� and ???holocaust??� (again, she poked out her tongue). I began to realise there was something much darker going on ??� was she actually stating a case for holocaust denial?
The third of Ben-Tor??�s characters was a physically stunted figure in dark clothing and a skull cap. Readying herself for the performance she kneeled down, drew her arms into her sleeves and craned her neck. Squinting, she mouthed along faultlessly to a soundtrack of what sounded like a clip from a Quentin Tarentino film talking about the Sabbath. When the voiceover ended the artist proceeded to pine after the life of a gentile - I want to eat the pork chop and the bacon!??� ???I want to die like a gentile! I want to be consumed by the gentiles!??� The fourth character, an older woman dressed in gaudy jewellery, a tracksuit top and sneakers, was proud of her assimilation into American society, proclaiming in a broad American accent that other Jews would bring another holocaust on themselves if they didn??�t follow her example.
The title of the performance, Judensau is an anti-Semitic term from the Middle Ages meaning Jew??�s sow, or Jews who suckle from a pig. Despite the language barrier, Ben-Tor??�s performance functioned impeccably to unpack racism and inverted racism against Jews. From the plush environs of Salon 94, an exclusively accessible repository for contemporary art, the audience was confronted by underlying prejudice in the society that surrounds them and the threat to civil society this might carry.


The Auckland City Council initiated Plan Change 163 to introduce blanket controls on all Residential 1 zones in an attempt to protect an assumed special built heritage character in the area.
Archifact-architecture & conservation ltd was commissioned to provide specialist evidence to support (in part) the New Zealand Heavy Haulage Association's submissions to the local district council's proposed Plan Change 163 as part of a consultant team in opposition to the blanket controls and assumed on implied heritage values associated with all pre-1940 properties.
There is a discernible variation between Residential 1 zones across the city, and the controls under Plan Change 163 have little regard to the defining and distinctive characteristics of the zone. It concludes that the protection of the character of an area, and the survival of heritage buildings within that area, are two distinctively different issues that should be governed by different mechanisms.
Archifact-architecture & conservation ltd works collaboratively with a number of experienced barristers and planners in this process to ensure delivery of strategic materials.


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Q: getting the new row id from pySpark SQL write to remote mysql db (JDBC) I am using pyspark-sql to create rows in a remote mysql db, using JDBC.
I have two tables, parent_table(id, value) and child_table(id, value, parent_id), so each row of parent_id may have as many rows in child_id associated to it as needed.
Now I want to create some new data and insert it into the database. I'm using the code guidelines here for the write opperation, but I would like to be able to do something like:
parentDf = sc.parallelize([5, 6, 7]).toDF(('value',))
parentWithIdDf = parentDf.write.mode('append') \
                         .format("jdbc") \
                         .option("url", "jdbc:mysql://" + host_name + "/"
                            + db_name).option("dbtable", table_name) \
                         .option("user", user_name).option("password", password_str) \
                         .save()
# The assignment at the previous line is wrong, as pyspark.sql.DataFrameWriter#save doesn't return anything.

I would like a way for the last line of code above to return a DataFrame with the new row ids for each row so I can do
childDf = parentWithIdDf.flatMap(lambda x: [[8, x[0]], [9, x[0]]])
childDf.write.mode('append')...

meaning that at the end I would have in my remote databasde
parent_table
 ____________
| id | value |
 ____________
| 1  |   5   |
| 2  |   6   |
| 3  |   7   |
 ____________

child_table
 ________________________
| id | value | parent_id |
 ________________________
| 1  |   8   |    1      |
| 2  |   9   |    1      |
| 3  |   8   |    2      |
| 4  |   9   |    2      |
| 5  |   8   |    3      |
| 6  |   9   |    3      |
 ________________________

As I've written in the first code snippet above, pyspark.sql.DataFrameWriter#save doesn't return anything, looking at its documentation, so how can I achieve this?
Am I doing something completely wrong? It looks like there is no way to get data back from a Spark's action (which save is) while I would like to use this action as a transformation, shich leads me to think I may be thinking of all this in the wrong way.

A: A simple answer is to to use the timestamp + auto increment number to create a unique ID. This only works if there is only one server is running at an instance of time.
:)


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It was interesting to learn that present simple and present continuous can be used with future meaning. While present simple in present time is used to state facts, habits or things that won't change, present simple future is used to state facts that will certainly happen in the future, for example a plane leaving at a certain time, or somebody's baby scheduled to be delivered by cesarian section. Present continuous is used for an action in progress at the time of speaking, while its future use is for future decisions or arrangements. In addition to the above tenses, and the future versions of simple, continuous, perfect and perfect continuous, I also learnt about the "going to" future tense, which is used for plans or intentions made before the time of speaking. This tense is often confused with future simple, but the difference is when using "going to", it is always followed by a verb.