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Board index Movies & TV Films
Inside Out (Pete Docter, 2015)
Discussions of specific films and franchises.
#1 Post by hearthesilence » Sat Jun 20, 2015 2:15 pm
Anyone see this? I didn't even realize it was out this weekend, and apparently it's being hailed as Pixar's return to form (when they took chances with Wall-E and Docter's Up, arguably their two finest works).
Newsnayr
Re: Inside Out (Pete Docter, 2015)
#2 Post by Newsnayr » Sat Jun 20, 2015 2:20 pm
I saw it yesterday, and it certainly is Pixar's return to form. Compelling concept, excellent directing and nearly flawless execution, and I think it certainly is safely among the second tier (middle 5) of Pixar's 15 films so far, alongside Monster's Inc. and The Incredibles.
Will definitely see it - I think the last Pixar film I saw was Toy Story 3 which I did like quite a bit and seemed to at least build on Up, thematically speaking.
#4 Post by tenia » Sat Jun 20, 2015 4:03 pm
Once you understand it's not fun at all but rather melancholy explained to the 10 years old, it was quite moving and actually spot on numerous things.
This being written, the script and situations are pretty much on auto pilot, with many developments being obvious.
#5 Post by DarkImbecile » Sat Jun 20, 2015 11:23 pm
Newsnayr wrote: I saw it yesterday, and it certainly is Pixar's return to form. Compelling concept, excellent directing and nearly flawless execution, and I think it certainly is safely among the second tier (middle 5) of Pixar's 15 films so far, alongside Monster's Inc. and The Incredibles.
I'd go farther than that and say it's easily their best since Wall-E and among their top releases ever, though I acknowledge I might be biased: as the father of a rambunctious, imaginative daughter with a gender-neutral name starting with 'R', some of the more emotional moments hit pretty close to home. Still, unreservedly recommended for any fans of quality Pixar.
#6 Post by hollis » Sun Jun 21, 2015 12:11 am
DarkImbecile wrote: daughter with a gender-neutral name starting with 'R'
I'd go a bit further, as I've noticed some reviews have also picked up on: I think it's subtly suggested that Riley is gender-fluid (or whatever the accepted term is--not trying to be insensitive, I'm honestly not sure).
Every other mind we enter is single gender--her mother, father, the boy with the water bottle--but Riley's is populated by emotions of both genders. Maybe it's the film's way of showing how gender roles aren't quite solidified among pre-pubescent children. The film doesn't definitively say one way or another, and it doesn't need to, but it's worth noting.
I adored it overall. The plot itself wasn't all that unusual or surprising, but it's a film bursting with the qualities that made Pixar so beloved: quirky, silly humor and sincere, heartfelt emotions. And I haven't seen an animated film as outright clever as this one in forever. The scene where they cut through her abstract thinking was a personal favorite. When was the last time a mainstream animated film had a scene so unabashedly brainy and weird?
Will it have appeal outside Pixar's already broad fan-base? Maybe not, but those already sold are in for a treat.
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#7 Post by djproject » Sun Jun 21, 2015 10:07 pm
From what I understand, the premise can be partially inspired/explained by this: http://www.selfleadership.org/about-int ... stems.html" onclick="window.open(this.href);return false;
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Life is one big kevyip
#8 Post by lacritfan » Mon Jun 22, 2015 7:15 pm
I easily put this in my Top Five Pixar movies. The last artist who captured an imaginary inner workings of a child as good as this was Bill Watterson with Calvin and Hobbes. Kudos to Pixar for the outside-the-box voice casting of Phyllis Smith (The Office) as Sadness and Lewis Black as Anger, very much like their casting of Sarah Vowell as Violet in The Incredibles.
Svevan
#9 Post by Svevan » Sat Jun 27, 2015 3:59 pm
Some mild spoilers!
My appreciation for this film has grown a lot since I first saw it. Although it is certainly an imaginative (and according to some almost-killjoy PhD students, inaccurate) representation of the mind, I've found myself coming back to its emotion-dominant control center and its memory bank as simple but wise analogies that I can use when dealing with my nephew, or with myself. These images of what goes on in the human brain are easily digestible for kids, but honestly I found myself learning a lot about myself as I watched Sadness slip into control while the other emotions were squabbling, or when Joy and Sadness leave the control center altogether, or when the Islands of Personality begin to crumble. That part in particular, as Hockey Island and Friendship Island deteriorate, seemingly with no possible return, struck me as really scary for a child to watch and comprehend, but what I wouldn't give to have seen that depiction of personality when I was a child. That the Islands of Personality change throughout the lifetime of a person is the kind of insight I wouldn't expect a kid's film to get, let alone strive to communicate to its audience. And although the journey of Joy and Sadness through Riley's conscious and subconscious mind follows some Pixar and adventure film tropes, the journey of Riley back to her parents is not a simple and easy "everyone lived happy ever after" ending. Her emotions have been challenged, and she's gained complexity and nuance (evidenced in the end by her memories becoming multi-colored. It reminds me of showing Spirited Away to my nephew when he was 6 - he asked me whether the ending was sad or happy, and I told him it was probably both. He had to think about that one for a while). Overall I'm just really grateful that filmmakers out there wanted to distill their care for the human mind and their basic research into the human personality into these digestible images so that kids and adults can both use these analogies to better understand themselves. It's a sad and joyful film that reflects our culture's preoccupation with mental health, and it does so at a pretty quick pace and with no qualms about being abstract, scary, and mysterious. Bravo to Pixar for being brave enough to show how life isn't always perfect, and the mind is constantly changing.
#10 Post by domino harvey » Fri Nov 06, 2015 11:14 am
This was wonderful, easily my favorite Pixar film (not that I'm all that huge a fan to begin with...) and the best animated film I've first seen as an adult. I admired the constant novelty and forward momentum, the way it tried to explain rather complicated ideas about emotional and cognitive development and the pains of growing up with a rather dark and honest look at how happiness is often inextricably tied with sadness in our lives. Surprisingly emotional stuff, but also frequently laugh out loud hilarious (and there's a rather droll sense of humor running through the minor supporting parts that helps balance some of the flashier style of the main emotions) to help give a rounded experience.
#11 Post by Roscoe » Fri Nov 06, 2015 2:52 pm
I found INSIDE OUT to be an oddly unimaginative and unengaging film from Pixar, bland snivelling emo-wanking banal pap. Borrowing a notion used to wittier effect in Woody Allen's EVERYTHING YOU EVER WANTED TO KNOW ABOUT SEX, Pixar shows us a control console managed by anthropomorphized emotions Joy, Sadness, Disgust, Anger and Fear who struggle to keep the little girl on an even keel during some frankly low level trauma: her family relocates from Minnesota to San Francisco and she's kind of bummed about it. There's the occasional bit of Pixar magic, no doubt (side-trips into other heads are funny and revealing), but all too often it settle for easy on the nose characters and situations (the little red Anger character gets a Hot Head, I mean really, and there's an actual Train Of Thought, with wheels and an engine) and dated unfunny jokes: a slice of vegetarian pizza is blamed on San Francisco in a joke that might have been amusing in 1979, and a reference to bears/gay men falls really spectacularly flat. The story, most unforgivably, is just shockingly predictable -- there's never any doubt where the film is going to go and it goes exactly and only there. If only those Pixar standbys Surprise, Wit and Intelligence had gotten to the console in this movie's head, we might have gotten something really interesting, instead of the soggy kiddie-chick movie we're stuck with here.
And it features the most cynical overcharge for unnecessary 3D in my entire experience as a movie-goer.
Your Future our Drucker
#12 Post by Drucker » Fri Nov 06, 2015 2:57 pm
I'd have to revisit the film again to really come to terms with how much I disagree with you, Roscoe, but calling moving across country a low-level trauma for a child is ridiculous. It's one of the scariest things a child can go through, to abandon everything they've been and become "the new kid." The movie is a kid's movie, told from a kid's perspective.
Few people went through that trauma as frequently as I did when I was a kid -- 10 different cities before I turned 19, and all too often it was a new school every year, believe me I know about all that, and I was surprised that the filmmakers never once made me feel anything but indifference about little Riley's little problems, all of which were just all so obviously going to pass with a couple of weeks and a decent pizza, and yeah it isn't always clear when you're living in the middle of it and all that, but that didn't make the film any more interesting to me. If her Mom and Dad had divorced, or something really drastically bad had been going down, it might have been different. Alas, poor Riley had to suffer the horror of moving to San Francisco. My heart didn't bleed for her.
And Anger's all red -- and he gets a hot head. And little Sad is blue. Jesus. And they claim that script took years to write.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KqjxUufmdWA" onclick="window.open(this.href);return false;
#14 Post by Zot! » Fri Nov 06, 2015 4:01 pm
I'm not a big fan of Pixar, but I think this is their best film, exactly because it makes a big deal out of a minor topic. I still have issues with some of the more cliche elements, and forced sentiment, but if you want childhood trauma, I think you need to stick to Pinocchio. I still have nightmares about those kids who never got off of Pleasure Island.
#15 Post by Arrow » Fri Nov 06, 2015 4:12 pm
I haven't seen the film so I can't speak to that, but I can speak to trauma and say that there is no singular established metric to quantify its effects. There are a lot of factors involved but everyone has a different level of sensitivity which is why we see some soldiers suffering PTSD and some not, and some abuse victims suffering dissociation and some not. I apologize for the oversimplification but I think depending on the person, especially for a child, a move could be very traumatic.
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#16 Post by cdnchris » Fri Nov 06, 2015 4:27 pm
Roscoe wrote: And Anger's all red -- and he gets a hot head. And little Sad is blue. Jesus. And they claim that script took years to write.
Really? Of all the other things to randomly cherry-pick to criticize and show how lazy the movie is it's the colours of the characters. Those colours are universally recognizable (to most) for representing their respective emotions. Of course Anger is red! That's the colour most associated with anger. Would it really have been more creative to have him coloured aqua? I guess, but from a visual perspective it would make no sense. It would be stupid to do it in any other colour. I put this on par with the same people that bitch about the ending of Minority Report: sure, I guess it could have ended with him being suspended, but what point would that serve to the film other than to have a depressing ending? Nothing. It would just be some bullshit plot point to be different for the sake of being different.
Alas, poor Riley had to suffer the horror of moving to San Francisco. My heart didn't bleed for her.
Though I just had to have a talk with my daughter last night to put some things in perspective for her, I find this very shallow and cold. I understand you moved around a lot, so you would be used to it. But a child rooted in one area for a long time (even 5 years would seem like a lifetime) would be traumatized if they moved away and left everything they know (places, friends, etc.), especially when it's all they know. To belittle that and say the kid should just shake it off because it didn't bother "you" is bullshit, really.
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#17 Post by ianthemovie » Fri Nov 06, 2015 4:42 pm
As Drucker said, it's a kid's movie--or, more accurately, an all-ages movie. Some of the humor and character design (like the color coding) is inevitably going to be pitched at young children and is going to feel on-the-nose to adults. I imagine gags like the Train of Thought will appeal to slightly older kids who are able to grasp language-based humor and puns. (Same with all of the busy running-around in the middle of the movie: this seemed designed to appeal to very young kids whose attention would probably not be held if all of the characters just sat around the control booth for the whole movie.)
In other words, I think it helps to contextualize a lot of the choices here. I loved the film and got a lot out of it from an adult perspective, but not every moment is designed with an adult audience member in mind.
EDIT: Also, the movie's main idea (that we can experience more than one emotion at the same time) may seem obvious to adults, but seems quite complex and intelligent for a kid's movie to deal with. It's handled in a way that's really lovely and moving as opposed to having some character verbalize this in a really clunky or didactic way. It's done in such a way that kids are likely to get the idea AND adult viewers will be able to appreciate how well it's been dramatized--which is what Pixar, at its best, has always been able to do.
I didn't see the loveliness. I just saw clunky and diactic. Opinions, they differ all over the place.
"Though I just had to have a talk with my daughter last night to put some things in perspective for her, I find this very shallow and cold. I understand you moved around a lot, so you would be used to it. But a child rooted in one area for a long time (even 5 years would seem like a lifetime) would be traumatized if they moved away and left everything they know (places, friends, etc.), especially when it's all they know. To belittle that and say the kid should just shake it off because it didn't bother "you" is bullshit, really."
Well, to belittle someone else's opinion as being bullshit is, well, bullshit, too. And from a site admin, yet.
To be clear -- I never belittled the experience of moving to a new place when a child, nor did I say she should just shake it off. Speaking from experience, I can say that that can't be shaken off, it can only be endured. And yeah, as someone who went through it a lot, I can also say that as bad as it was, I got through it, and all through the film I was aware that so would little Riley, considering her near perfect parents and upscale living arrangements in San Francisco (try moving to Missoula, Montana, little Riley, rather than San Francisco -- you'd really have something to be fucking depressed about). Once again, what I mean to belittle is what I see as being INSIDE OUT's trite and cliched handling of the experience as a way of delivering some admittedly important but not exactly earthshatteringly novel emotional ideas -- that sometimes it's good to be sad and all that.
There are certainly films that make me relive all those little horrors of childhood: the terrible days when it felt like the world was going to come to an end, the first day in new school surrounded by strangers, the terror of gym class, psycho teachers, all of it, and I'm sorry but Pixar's INSIDE OUT isn't one of them. It is simply too cliched and too obvious in its methods and manner (red Anger, blue Sadness, literal Train of Thought) to make me do anything but shrug off little Riley's little problems as being the kind of thing that'll resolve themselves after a few weeks, it never got me inside that girl's head enough to share her experience in an interesting way.
I was kind of curious as to why all the little guys in the Father's head all seemed to be Anger, and all the little ladies in the Mother's head were all Sadness -- that might have been interesting to explore. Maybe in a sequel with a somewhat broader and hopefully more interesting screenplay. Again, maybe the film would have had more of an impact for me if the stakes had been a bit higher -- if it wasn't something that was going to eventually resolve itself with new friends and basic settling in to the new home.
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#19 Post by Michael Kerpan » Fri Nov 06, 2015 7:01 pm
I would note that Spirited Away also dealt (at its core) with a young girl's trauma over moving from one city to another.
Curiously enough, Inside Out already happened to be scheduled for viewing this very evening.
#20 Post by domino harvey » Fri Nov 06, 2015 8:05 pm
Riley's move is traumatic to her, as is clearly shown by how it effectively forces her to grow up in ways she hadn't been challenged to before, and in the process of doing so certain aspects of her personality die (some of which are replaced or replenished by the end of the film, but not all)-- this is an event which fundamentally changes her and alters her past memories and emotional responses. The film uses a universal event like moving to a new city because it's precisely the kind of relatable trauma that nearly everyone watching has experienced (or will soon enough). A story about poor Riley being abused or her parents breaking up is more easily understood as traumatic, but something like this is deathly serious to a young person. Roscoe, you received such strong push-back in part because your comments reflect someone who's forgotten what it feels like to be young, to experience things for the first time: vividly and wildly and melodramatically. It's what makes a great film about youth (which I believe this to be) truly great: the understanding of how everything feels so much more fill-in-the-blank when you're experiencing it for the first time. This is part of Inside Out's genius and why most viewers have responded so strongly, I suspect. For every "obvious" element derided, there are several more clever ideas and concepts at work here (and none of the things singled-out bother me at all). This is four quadrant entertainment, they're going to lob a lot of stuff over the plate, but I found all of it quite effective. YMMV, as with anything relating to personal taste.
Roscoe wrote: I was kind of curious as to why all the little guys in the Father's head all seemed to be Anger, and all the little ladies in the Mother's head were all Sadness -- that might have been interesting to explore.
There was only one Anger and one Sadness in Dad and Mom, but they like Joy in Riley are the apparent team leaders in each. I took the film's suggestion to be that as an adult, when our persona is pretty well set, one of the emotions tends to take over as team leader and they along with the rest adapt to the outward persona of the individual (and vice versa).
Not that it was ever all that convincing anyways, the gender fluidity argument floated earlier in the thread is pretty strongly refuted by the short included with the Blu-ray, Riley's First Date?, btw (in contrast with the feature, however, it's disappointing and not especially clever)
#21 Post by Brian C » Fri Nov 06, 2015 9:12 pm
Roscoe wrote: It is simply too cliched and too obvious in its methods and manner (red Anger, blue Sadness, literal Train of Thought) to make me do anything but shrug off little Riley's little problems as being the kind of thing that'll resolve themselves after a few weeks...
I feel like you missed the whole point of the movie. These issues don't "resolve themselves", we need to work through them and find ways to cope. The movie was a dramatization of that process. If you didn't find it effective on those terms, so be it, but you write as if the point is to wow us with how awful Riley has things.
But I think the mundanity of her situation is kind of the point. Everyone has to face their own personal crises, and we all have to find ways to get through them - waiting for things to "resolve themselves" is just not workable. But instead, you seem to have taken away the lesson that she doesn't really have it THAT bad because her parents don't beat her (or just as bad, make her move to Montana!). It's a very callous reaction and it speaks more poorly of your approach to the film than the film itself.
"I feel like you missed the whole point of the movie. These issues don't "resolve themselves", we need to work through them and find ways to cope. The movie was a dramatization of that process. If you didn't find it effective on those terms, so be it, but you write as if the point is to wow us with how awful Riley has things."
Nope, point gotten -- Riley worked through the issues, it was all dramatized right there, impossible to miss, and I was bored senseless by all of it. And yeah, I did think that part of the point was to wow us with poor Riley's sad little situation.
"But I think the mundanity of her situation is kind of the point. Everyone has to face their own personal crises, and we all have to find ways to get through them - waiting for things to "resolve themselves" is just not workable. But instead, you seem to have taken away the lesson that she doesn't really have it THAT bad because her parents don't beat her (or just as bad, make her move to Montana!). It's a very callous reaction and it speaks more poorly of your approach to the film than the film itself."
Yeah, I did take away that little Riley doesn't have it that bad, because it's painfully clear to me that she doesn't have it that bad. She's got two loving parents, food and clothes and a single family dwelling in San Francisco, and no, her parents don't beat her, and her little bad patch in adjusting to new circumstances will pass as she adjusts to some not even remotely difficult circumstances, which once again I have to say I found were dramatized with the utmost banality. Sorry. And characterizing my take as "callous" isn't really necessary, is it? I didn't go around characterizing other people's views like that. Heavens. They're just opinions, folks -- I didn't find it necessary to belittle anyone else's take on the film, just the film itself.
swo17
#23 Post by swo17 » Fri Nov 06, 2015 10:15 pm
Roscoe, while I disagree with you, I found your first post amusing and well written. But ever since then you've just been repeating yourself. Best to let this one go.
#24 Post by Roscoe » Fri Nov 06, 2015 10:22 pm
I reserve the right to reply to replies. But yeah, the points have been made, and made again. Moving on.
#25 Post by Michael Kerpan » Fri Nov 06, 2015 11:34 pm
I (vastly) prefer Spirited Away. I found Inside Out WAY too hyperactive -- and I felt a sense of irritation and impatience beginning early on in the film. There were moments I enjoyed, but mostly I found this tedious. It did not help that I did not find any of the few human interactions portrayed particularly believable. There is obviously a big audience for Pixar stuff, but I'm obviously not destined to be part of it.
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Editor's Note: This post is not intended as medical advice, and any opinions expressed in this post are the author's own. Always consult a medical professional or physician before treatment of any kind.
A few months ago, I mentioned to someone that my husband and I were planning our son's upcoming birthday party at a local chocolate factory. Given that we would be entertaining 30 7-year-olds for a couple hours, a hefty amount of patience would be needed, along with a giant cake (and maybe some earplugs). A few people wished my husband and I luck; someone even asked whether we'd be bringing along some booze for ourselves.
But does the same laissez-faire attitude apply when it comes to other substances? What if a mother were to post a selfie with a vape pen and hashtag it #happyhour? Would she receive the same amount of likes and fist bumps we give each other when we post a new wine meme or selfie? Would we ever share recipes for hash brownies as readily as we do our favorite slow cooker recipes?
Nevertheless, there are plenty of women out there — mothers included — who use weed for medical or recreational purposes (or some combination thereof). In fact, parents just might be the largest consumers of cannabis. According to research released by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 8 percent of 35- to 44-year-olds used marijuana regularly in 2014, which surpassed teen use for the first time since at least 2002.
While the idea of pot-smoking parents might conjure images of stoned hippies for some people, this is far from the reality. In fact, many parents who use marijuana do so in a measured and responsible manner, much the same way someone might take Xanax to treat anxiety or enjoy a glass of Pinot at the end of a long day.
Celia Behar, a mother of two and president of the blog The 'Lil Mamas, says she began using cannabis shortly after the birth of her second child to treat postpartum depression (PPD). She had experienced the maternal health disorder after the birth of her first child six years earlier and was prescribed Prozac, which had been only mildly effective. When she stopped nursing her younger daughter, her hormones dropped and she once again felt herself slipping into a severe bout of PPD.
When her friend Tom Grubbs suggested she try cannabis to treat her symptoms, and introduced her to Oregon's Moto Perpetuo Farm, she initially dismissed the idea. "I was a mom," she says. "Moms don't smoke pot!" But despite her reluctance, she decided it to give it a try just a few days later — a decision that she now calls "a lifesaver." And in fact, she says the farm not only saved her life, but is also now helping her sister, who is currently battling cancer.
Similarly, "Lea" — a mother of three from Illinois — began using cannabis shortly after becoming a mother, in order to treat anxiety related to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Her husband also uses it to treat medical conditions related to cancer treatments. In addition to occasional recreational use to relax, Lea says cannabis treats her mental health conditions more effectively than other prescription drugs. But the drug isn't just being used by new mothers.
Kristina Hammer of The Angrivated Mom turned to cannabis when homeopathic treatments and prescription medications failed to help ease her hyperemesis gravidarum (extreme morning sickness). By the middle of her fourth pregnancy, Hammer had lost 16 pounds, her baby was diagnosed with intrauterine growth restriction, and she was unable to care for her three other young children. Because medical marijuana was legal where she lived and she had already been using cannabis to treat a degenerative disc disorder, she tried marijuana to treat her symptoms with her doctor's "off the record" blessing. Choosing strains with the lowest level of THC, she found immediate relief.
Hammer isn't alone. The American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology estimates that 2-5 percent of women say they use marijuana while pregnant, but some estimate that number to be higher because women may be hesitant to admit they use it, due to the stigma or existing laws of their state of residence. Recent research shows that when used independently, cannabis doesn't seem to increase the risk of negative birth outcomes, such as low birth weight and premature birth, whereas these outcomes were discovered when cannabis was used in conjunction with tobacco and alcohol. Nevertheless, many doctors are reluctant to give carte blanche to use cannabis while pregnant, and instead suggest moderation and the need for additional research.
When I smoke a little daily, I am better able to focus and prioritize, my thoughts don't race nearly as much, and I'm much more patient and present.
According to Hall, CBD is the most potent medicinal strain of hemp and cannabis and when pure does not cause mental changes aside from a mild sense of wellbeing and relaxation.
Because the amount of cannabis needed to create physical or mental relief is often significantly lower than the amount that causes inebriation, some mothers report that it allows them to manage ailments without losing focus the way alcohol and prescription drugs can make someone feel. "You feel relief, but aren't tipsy or high," explains Lea.
The discrepancy between the dangers of alcohol and prescription drugs versus cannabis have caused many legalization advocates to cry foul, especially given our culture's lax attitude about alcohol use (especially among parents). This permissive stance blurs the lines between moderation and alcoholism, while invoking harsh consequences for parents who use marijuana.
"If alcohol, which has almost no health benefits in most cases (in fact, quite the opposite) can be used recreationally, why on earth can't marijuana?" asks Behar.
Among those who use cannabis for medical or recreational purposes, there is a push for national legalization to enable others to receive the medical treatment they need, remove the stigma associated with use, and prevent harsh and unwarranted legal consequences that could have negative long-term impacts on families. Currently, only three states allow full legalization of cannabis for medical or recreational purposes. While a handful of states have decriminalized it, a handful of others have legalized medical marijuana specifically. In about half of the states, however, cannabis in all forms is still illegal.
The dangers of alcohol and prescription drugs are far more significant than cannabis. According to the National Institute of Alcohol-Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), an estimated 88,000 people (approximately 62,000 men and 26,000 women) die from alcohol-related causes each year, making alcohol the fourth leading preventable cause of death in the United States. Some organizations estimate that 17.6 million people, or one in every 12 adults, suffer from alcohol abuse or dependence.
The problem is nearly as bad for prescription drugs. According to the American Society of Addiction Medicine, an estimated 2 million people are addicted to prescription drugs, and in 2015, more than 20,000 people died due to overdose of prescription pain relievers.
The number of deaths caused by cannabis? Zero.
Most of the mothers I spoke to didn't hide their cannabis use from their children, but the explanations provided to their children varied.
Although some of the cannabis users we talked to had used marijuana as a teens or young adults, most had stopped using it before they began again as a mother. Many even admitted that over the years, their opinions about the substance changed significantly. As a teen and young adult, Behar says she had no idea of the health benefits of marijuana or its different strains and dosage, but she certainly does now.
And nearly everyone I spoke to agreed, cannabis has only helped to improve their parenting, rather than impede it.
"Marijuana makes me a more calm, competent person, and that makes me a more calm, competent parent," said Lea.
Despite the (manufactured?) controversy surrounding marijuana, one thing seems certain: cannabis has long since moved beyond the Cheech and Chong stereotypes of days gone by, and that additional research and legislative reforms are necessary.
Regardless of where you stand on the issue, I think we can all agree that parenting is hard — and hell, life is hard. Sometimes we need a little help to get through the hardness — whether it's due to a physical or mental condition, or run-of-the-mill stress.
For some people, that "help" comes in the form of a prescription for Xanax; for others, it's exercise and a glass of wine at the end of a long day. And for others still, the answer is marijuana. As with all things, moderation is key. But perhaps it's time to confront those outdated stereotypes, unreasonable laws, and hypocritical double standards after all, and look at things from a different perspective.


text:
Beasley, Sharks down Crusaders in overtime
Mike Kehoe Contributing Writer
HARWICH — In what was a gritty, hard-fought football game, it seems only fitting that with the game on the line in overtime, the winning play belonged to a player that personifies grit for his team.
Monomoy (1-2) captain Elijah Beasley, coming off a game in which he eclipsed the 100-yard rushing mark as a running back, was all over the field for the Sharks in their 14-6 overtime victory over Cape Tech (1-1) on Saturday afternoon.
That should come as no surprise because Beasley is an immensely talented player, but his status was uncertain for this game after suffering a tough ankle injury in last week's contest.
"I had a bad ankle coming in, but I told them to put me in," said Beasley. "We were really starting to come together as a team out there today and that's not something that I would ever miss. I know what I can do on the field and I just wanted to help my teammates."
He certainly helped his teammates come away with the victory in this one. In overtime, with the ball on the Crusaders' 20-yard line, Monomoy quarterback Noah Concordia reared back and threw a pass to the corner of the end zone. Beasley tracked it and went up for it, coming down with the ball and managing, somehow, to keep a foot inbounds.
Beasley's number was called again immediately, as he took the handoff for the two-point conversion. Cape Tech had another chance with the ball to tie the game up, but Sharks defender Tyler Gorman came down with an interception to seal the game for Monomoy and give the Crusaders their first loss of the season.
"It wasn't one big thing that we didn't do well out there, it's the combination of a bunch of little things," said Cape Tech coach Chris Leonard. "One missed cut or one missed block is all that it takes to stall a drive. And obviously, we need to be better down around the goal-line."
The Crusaders had the ball in Monomoy territory for much of the second half, including two separate series that ended on downs at the Sharks' 1-yard line. Cape Tech did find some success running the ball with their workhorse tailback, Lorvensky Estinvil. The senior runner finished the game with 152 rushing yards, but couldn't find the end zone for the Crusaders.
Monomoy got the scoring started early and in dramatic fashion. Facing a fourth down with 18 yards to go for a first down, Concordia lofted a ball perfectly to Beasley for the 35-yard scoring play on the first drive of the game. The two-point conversion failed, giving the Sharks a 6-0 lead.
Beasley finished the game with 115 total yards from scrimmage, as he presented a clear match-up problem for Cape Tech no matter where he was lined up on the field.
The Crusaders were shut out for the first half of the game, but they came out to start the second half with a renewed vigor in their rushing attack. Estinvil got Cape Tech down to the goal-line and this time they were able to punch it in. Quarterback Leon Lopes kept the ball himself, sneaking it in for the score. The two-point try failed, knotting the game up at 6-6.
Penalties marred much of the day for both squads, with the teams combining for an astounding 21 flags that totaled over 200 yards. In the end, it was the stout defenses on both sides that dominated the pace of the game.
"This was a dogfight of a game," said Monomoy coach Larry Souza. "The penalties kept backing us up, so we ended up in a lot of fourth-down situations. We had the confidence in our defense to punt the ball in those situations because we knew our 'D' had no quit."
Cape Tech goes on the road to Tri-County next Saturday at 1 p.m., while Monomoy will play host to Nauset at 6 on Friday night.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Is Stormcrawler v1.14 compatible with Elasticsearch 6.7.x? In the completed tasks list for Stormcrawler 1.14 I see both "Upgrade to Elasticsearch 7.0.x" and "ES 6.70 dependency elasticsearch" listed. Does that mean that 1.14 is compatible with both?
I ask this mostly because I was attempting to use mvn archetype:generate to generate a 1.13 stormcrawler, and got the message: Archetype repository not defined. Using the one from [com.digitalpebble.stormcrawler:storm-crawler-archetype:1.14] found in catalog remote.  We are on ES 6.7.1 so I am wondering if 1.14 is compatible or if I need to somehow manually load 1.13.  Thanks!

A: No, StormCrawler 1.14 is not compatible with Elasticsearch 6.7. I've even tried to access an 6.7 index with StormCrawler 1.14 - it does not work, at least not with the status index. There has been an upgrade to 6.7 during the development on 1.14, the upgrade to 7.0 happened shortly before the release of 1.14.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Oct 10, 2018|Uncategorized
It's a Bird, It's a Plane, It's a Mosquito Drone!
Drones are the latest weapon in Florida's fight against mosquitos
Mosquitos in Florida may have a new adversary in the skies. The Lee County Mosquito District has been picked as one of 10 pilot programs nationwide that will test the expanded use of drone technology as a fresh approach to the age-old job of holding back the state's unyielding mosquito population, a task the agency has tackled since 1958.
Participation in this program will allow drone operators certain special privileges not shared by everyday users. They will be able to fly at night, directly over populated areas, outside of the visible line of sight, and potentially at lower altitudes. None of these stipulations are currently permitted under the law for regular operators.
How do drones prevent the spread of mosquitos?
Drones currently provide the county with surveillance of areas not easily accessible on foot, car, or plane. They monitor waterways for aquatic weeds that shield mosquito larvae from predators and allow officials to track the effectiveness of weed killers. Eventually, the county plans to use drones to spray mosquitos, which could involve a 1,500-pound drone equipped with up to 50 gallons of pesticide. Similar plans are underway in Montana and parts of Greece.
In other parts of the globe, research teams use drones to prevent insect-borne epidemics such as malaria or Zika. Microsoft is deep in research on "Project Premonition," which aims to detect pathogens in animals before they infect humans. The team plans to deploy drones into the wilderness to hunt and trap mosquitos. Back in the lab, they will take blood samples and detect pathogens through gene sequencing. The hope is that these techniques will eventually lead to the ability to identify signs of an early epidemic, such as avian flu or dengue fever, and perhaps even stop these epidemics in their tracks before they infect the general population.
Another prevention project of note is headed by international tech company Werobotics which, in collaboration with the Insect Pest Control Lab of the International Atomic Energy Agency, successfully tested autonomous drones that released sterile male mosquitos into areas where their illnesses run rampant. Known as sterile insect technique (SIT), the aim of this method is for the sterile males to mate with local female mosquitos and stop their reproduction.
Why use drones?
Drones, by and large, are cheaper and less environmentally destructive than the current go-to aerial method, helicopters. As such, they are ideal for smaller communities with tighter budgets. GPS can track mosquito flight patterns and drones can then follow these either with a remote, human pilot, or completely self-guiding with preprogrammed flights based on this pattern data.
They have also proven useful in overcoming the shortfalls of other current methods. Traditional CO2-baited light traps are more difficult to place in remote areas and require extensive knowledge of mosquito biology to be effective. Satellite infrared imaging can be useful to help guide long-term prevention strategies but can be easily flummoxed by cloud cover. Helicopters and other fixed-wing aircraft, as has been said, are pricey, loud, environmentally hazardous, and unable to easily reach remote areas.
What are the drawbacks?
In their current form, most drones have limited capacity to carry pesticide (40 to 50 gallons), particularly when compared with helicopters and other modern aircraft, which can deliver 150 to 200 gallons at a stretch.
The sterile insect technique (SIT) isn't self-perpetuating. Researchers need to continuously replenish mosquito populations to be effective. And we're talking a lot of bugs. The test in Brazil required nearly seven hundred thousand of them. At this level, expansion on a global scale will be an epic challenge.
Also, the SIT requires a male-only mosquito population and that's not always easy to provide. If even a few females sneak into the mix, that can spell trouble, up to and including causing the very epidemic researchers would hope to prevent.
Finally, questions abound about the ethics of what it means to wipe out an entire species of mosquitos. An extinction is still an extinction, even if the animals are a nuisance at best and life-threatening at worst.
In short, the use of drones in mosquito prevention, as in so many other areas of society, is a growing source of opportunity and uncertainty. What is certain – drones or no drones – your home could use a mosquito defense system that fits your needs and budget. For a free, on-site consultation about the benefits of an automatic misting system, contact us today.


text:
News agency SWNS asks reporters to 'weigh up potential fallout' of stories about clients of its PR wing
'Launch junkie' editor Stefano Hatfield exits website for the over fifties High50 after two years
High Court allows phone-hacking damages claims against The Sun to go ahead
By PA Mediapoint Twitter
News Group Newspapers (NGN), which has previously settled a large number of cases brought against the now-defunct News of the World, has always said there was no hacking activity at its sister tabloid.
But at a hearing in London today Mr Justice Mann allowed the claims to proceed.
The judge said four claimants could amend their cases to include the daily newspaper for the first time in the proceedings.
Two of those claims are among a number scheduled for a trial in July.
Up to 50 new claims against NGN, many of which will now include allegations of hacking at The Sun, are soon to be issued.
At the heart of NGN's case is that the two publications were two different newspapers, which were separately run and did not share journalistic resources.
With the third round of the long-running litigation under way, about 1,000 claims have been settled so far – some within a compensation arbitration scheme set up by the group.
One of the new claims – which includes The Sun and which the judge refused to strike out – has been brought by Simon Clegg, the former chief executive of the British Olympic Association.
Others now suing NGN include EastEnders actors Christopher Parker and Brooke Kinsella, Coronation Street actor Kym Marsh, designer Pearl Lowe and her musician husband Danny Goffey and Leslie Heseltine, who is better known as actor and comedian Les Dennis.


CD's will normally have a definite signature but according to Edd it isn't apparent on the Lou Reed tape.
He says they're from safety master tapes, so possibly the Melodiya archives?
Well, maybe if someone is digitising the back catalogue of wherever these tapes came from for archiving, it would probably be pretty easy to drop a Hi res copy onto a USB stick while they're at it.
it would probably be pretty easy to drop a Hi res copy onto a USB stick while they're at it.
But where would be the 'fun' in that?
The fun would come from flogging it to decadent westerners for £70-odd a pop.
A few years ago I spent some time in Estonia & whilst there visited a record shop. This shop carried a range of used LPs including much classical (plenty on Melodiya). the choice of pop or rock music was strictly limited & seemed to comprise rather bland compilations of unchallenging material. I certainly wouldn't have found anything as decadent as Lou Reed or the Doors in there. If this store's used records section was a reflection of what had been on sale in the wider Soviet Union in the 60's 70's & 80's I'm puzzled as to whether a company like Melodiya would really have had access to master tapes from artists like the Doors & Lou Reed. What would they have done with them? Did anyone here have experience travelling in the USSR & actually see what kinds of music were available to buy there? Were artists like the Doors played on the radio?
I'm sure the market opened up, especially after the Gorbachev era, so maybe they're from whoever had the distribution rights. I only said Melodiya because I thought they had a monopoly in the USSR.
I was joking, you know.
That's quite possible, I'm sure things did relax there from the late 80's onwards.
I don't mean to criticise the tapeists but were people honestly impressed by Transformer? I thought it sounded terrible, all the low level detail was missing, the recording level was so high the tape was bordering on distortion and it lost all its subtlety.
I'd love to know what they have as the original source for these.
This one is a bit of a giveaway tbh. Its the same track listing as the 40th Anniversary masters that were released separately as CDs as well as in the Perception box set which includes the CD and DVD-Audio of each principal Doors release.
I have this and its excellent (although purists moan about speed correction on S/T and replacement of certain bits of vocal from other mixes etc).
The tracks on the tape copy of Strange Days' are exactly as per the 40th ann release and so suspect high quality DVD-A copy.
Once I've got my DAC back in the system I'll have a listen to the DVD-A to compare SQ, but I'm certain that this is the source.
Team Numero is down in Houston on a serious tape hunt. Alec Palao (pictured below) fearlessly leads the way. This is what we do.
Numero do things right. I don't mean sound quality (A lot of what they release will have been recorded poorly in the first instance) but licensing and making sure the original artist or estate gets a fair share is IMHO just correct. So many re-issue labels are basically boot specialists. They may officially state they are setting aside 20% of profits should the original artist appear but this is rarely the case, often no attempt has been made to license or contact the original artist.
Large selection of faff for somebody?
Nice Technics 1500 refurbed by Stephen Bennett.
Nice, I'll have to get mine down to Steve's for a tune up soon.


text:
package generated.zcsclient.admin;

import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAccessType;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAccessorType;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAttribute;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlType;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlValue;
import generated.zcsclient.zm.testAutoProvPrincipalBy;

/**
 *
Java class for principalSelector complex type.
 *
 *
The following schema fragment specifies the expected content contained within this class.
 *
 *

 * <complexType name="principalSelector">
 *   <simpleContent>
 *     <extension base="<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema>string">
 *       <attribute name="by" use="required" type="{urn:zimbra}autoProvPrincipalBy" />
 *     </extension>
 *   </simpleContent>
 * </complexType>
 *

 *
 *
 */
@XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.FIELD)
@XmlType(name = "principalSelector", propOrder = {
    "value"
})
public class testPrincipalSelector {

    @XmlValue
    protected String value;
    @XmlAttribute(name = "by", required = true)
    protected testAutoProvPrincipalBy by;

    /**
     * Gets the value of the value property.
     *
     * @return
     *     possible object is
     *     {@link String }
     *
     */
    public String getValue() {
        return value;
    }

    /**
     * Sets the value of the value property.
     *
     * @param value
     *     allowed object is
     *     {@link String }
     *
     */
    public void setValue(String value) {
        this.value = value;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the value of the by property.
     *
     * @return
     *     possible object is
     *     {@link testAutoProvPrincipalBy }
     *
     */
    public testAutoProvPrincipalBy getBy() {
        return by;
    }

    /**
     * Sets the value of the by property.
     *
     * @param value
     *     allowed object is
     *     {@link testAutoProvPrincipalBy }
     *
     */
    public void setBy(testAutoProvPrincipalBy value) {
        this.by = value;
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Retired US Soccer star Wambach admitted trying cocaine, marijuana, court documents say
This undated photo provided by Multnomah County Sheriff's Office shows retired World Cup soccer champion Abby Wambach. (Multnomah County Sheriff's Office via AP)
PORTLAND, Ore. – Retired soccer star Abby Wambach admitted to once trying cocaine and smoking marijuana some 10 years ago, according to court documents connected to her arrest on a misdemeanor charge of driving under the influence of intoxicants.
Wambach, who won a World Cup with the U.S. national team last summer, was arraigned on Tuesday in Multnomah County Circuit Court. She was not present, but her attorney entered a plea of not guilty on her behalf.
The documents said Wambach has no prior arrest record. In the documents, officers wrote that she first used marijuana at age 24 and her last use was at 25. It also states: "The defendant tried cocaine at age 25."
Wambach, who is now 35, did not specifically address the arrest in an appearance Tuesday night at the University of Kentucky. But said she was "embarrassed" for herself, family, friends and fans.
"The last couple of days have not been great or easy for me," she said. "The details will come out, the truth will come out and I will own it."
She was arrested on Saturday night after running a red light in Portland, Oregon, where she lives, and charged with driving under the influence of intoxicants (DUII) — alcohol.
A Portland police spokesman said it is standard for officers to ask about prior drug use. The documents assert that Wambach has never been in treatment for drug or alcohol abuse.
Wambach, a two-time Olympic gold medalist who announced her retirement from the national team in December, posted an apology on her Facebook page Sunday and took responsibility for her actions.
"Those that know me, know that I have always demanded excellence from myself. I have let myself and others down. I take full responsibility for my actions," she wrote. "This is all on me. I promise that I will do whatever it takes to ensure that my horrible mistake is never repeated."
Her attorney, Ben Eder, had no comment following the plea and did not immediately reply to an email seeking comment on the matter. The next court date is April 26.
Wambach went to Twitter on Tuesday afternoon to address the plea of not guilty in light of the Facebook admission: "My lawyer entered a not guilty plea on my behalf. This is standard procedure. I am owning this. Nothing has changed."
Wambach is the leading career scorer — male or female — in international soccer with 184 goals.
She appeared in four World Cups during her 15 years with the national team. She also has a pair of Olympic gold medals from the 2004 Games in Athens and the 2012 Games in London. She did not compete in the Beijing Games because of a broken leg.
One of Wambach's sponsors, MINI USA, said Sunday night it was withdrawing ads for the automobile that feature Wambach.
"This behavior is against the values we promote as an organization and the safety of everyone on the road is a priority here at MINI. Because of this, we are re-evaluating her association with the brand and are pulling content that individually features Abby from our marketing," the company said in a statement.
Wambach's arrest didn't seem to matter to a campus audience of about 700 at UK's Memorial Hall, with students and fans forming a line outside about an hour before doors opened. She was cheered and received a standing ovation upon being introduced before conducting a 75-minute discussion with a moderator about her career and life.
Wambach again said afterward that she wasn't allowed to discuss details of her case because it is ongoing. But she added that "I will at some point completely be transparent and the truth will come out. So, trust me on that."


text:
Scotland Plans To Become One Of The First Countries To Ban Plastic Cotton Buds
Cristi C/Shutterstock.
By Madison Dapcevich
In a move that experts say will cut Scotland's marine plastic pollution in half, the government is proposing a ban to prohibit manufacturing and selling plastic-stemmed cotton buds.
A proposal to introduce the ban will be put to public consultation. If approved, Scotland will be the first country in the UK to legislate against the plastic pokies.
"Banning plastic cotton buds would be a clear sign of our ambition to address marine plastics and demonstrate further leadership on this issue," said Scotland's environment secretary, Roseanna Cunningham.
You might wonder how your earwax cleaner makes its way from your bathroom to the beach. The answer is surprisingly simple: people flush them down the toilet. Scotland's sewage infrastructure collects and treats around 945 million liters of waste water every day, says Cunningham. To put it in perspective, that's 378 Olympic size pools. During heavy rains, sewers can overflow into waterways and the small stems can squeeze through sewage filters. On the beach, the plastic from cotton swabs makes up over 60 percent of all sewer-related litter.
Switching to paper sticks means when waterlogged they will sink to the bottom of sewer treatment systems, stopping them from flowing out to sea.
A campaign that reached more than 150,000 signatures inspired retailers like multinational corporation Johnson & Johnson to "switch the stick" from plastic to paper. However, many plastic options are still imported by other companies.
"For things that are maybe used for just five minutes to clean out ears or eye make-up – they can cause huge impacts on our oceans for hundreds of years," said Catherine Gemmell, conservation officer with the Marine Conservation Society (MCS), in a statement. Last year MCS found more than 3,500 plastic cotton swabs on beaches across Scotland during its annual cleanup; an average of 29 for every 100 meters (328 feet).
The proposed ban follows a recent UK ban prohibiting the use of plastic microbeads in cosmetic and personal care products. Today, around 30 countries have implemented similar bans on plastic products.
At this very moment, an estimated 5 trillion pieces of plastic are floating through the ocean and weigh more than 250,000 tons, according to a six-year study published in PLOS One. Every year 8 million tons of plastic goes into the ocean and estimates suggest marine plastics pollution will outweigh fish by 2050. Off the coast of Honduras, there is even a sea of plastic. All of this waste has a devastating effect on marine life, which often mistake plastic for food or habitat.
The plastic issue is so systemic that the United Nations has warned it poses a serious threat to human health after a study found more than a quarter of fish markets in Indonesia and California contain plastic particles.


text:
Q: How to Pinch Zoom Images Like Instagram or Facebook? Anyone know's how to pinch Zoom Imageview Like Instagram feed or Facebook post. TIA. tried to search but no one lib or post giving exact information.

A: The way the question asked is very bad.
take a look at WRITING THE PERFECT QUESTION - JON SKEET
You could spend 10 seconds and just google it.
Anyway, zooming ImageView is not a big deal. see those libraries

*

*https://github.com/stfalcon-studio/FrescoImageViewer

*https://github.com/chrisbanes/PhotoView


text:
Betzingen ist nach Reutlingen-Mitte der einwohnerstärkste Stadtteil von Reutlingen in Baden-Württemberg. Obwohl bereits 1907 von Reutlingen eingemeindet und inzwischen sehr verstädtert und industrialisiert und mit Reutlingen komplett zusammengewachsen, weist der Ort mit rund 11.000 Einwohnern durchaus noch ursprüngliche und ländliche Züge auf.

Geographie

Geographische Lage

Betzingen liegt im Echaztal zwischen den Städten Reutlingen und Tübingen auf einer Höhe von . Im Ortskern mündet der, aus nördlicher Richtung kommende, Leyrenbach (im 19. Jahrhundert auch Leirenbach geschrieben) in die Echaz. Weiter flussabwärts, beim Betzinger Friedhof, mündet der Breitenbach von Süden kommend in die Echaz.

Nachbarorte
Folgende Städte und Gemeinden sowie Ortsteile grenzen an Betzingen (im Uhrzeigersinn, beginnend im Norden). Die Gemeinden liegen im Landkreis Reutlingen und Tübingen:

Degerschlacht, Reutlingen, Ohmenhausen, Kusterdingen (Landkreis Tübingen), Jettenburg (Landkreis Tübingen) und Wannweil.

Geschichte

Frühgeschichte und Mittelalter
Erste Spuren menschlicher Besiedlung in Betzingen gibt es aus der Hallstattzeit (700–500 v. Chr.) mit mehreren Funden, vor allem Grabhügel. Der Ortsname mit Endung -ingen lässt auf eine Gründung durch die die Alamannen im 5. oder 6. Jahrhundert n. Chr. schließen. Die erste urkundliche Erwähnung von Beczingin datiert auf den 12. März 1258, in der Heinrich Vink und sein Sohn Werner von der Burg Dettingen ihren Besitz an das Klarissenkloster Pfullingen übertragen. 1275 wird die Mauritiuskirche im Zehntregister der Diözese Konstanz erwähnt.

Ab dem 15. Jahrhundert ging Betzinger Grund, durch Verkauf oder Stiftung, in Reutlinger Besitz über, so dass Reutlingen zunehmend Ortsherrschaft erhielt. Die Zugehörigkeit Betzingens zu Reutlingen ist in einer Urkunde von 1480 belegt und wurde später einer weiteren Urkunde des römisch-deutschen Königs und späteren Kaisers Maximilian I. vom 8. August 1497 bestätigt wurde.

Ab dem 17. Jahrhundert wurde die wirtschaftliche Situation schlechter, teils durch Abgaben der Bauern, teils durch Aufteilung der Höfe durch Erbe und teils durch Kriege wie den Dreißigjährigen Krieg, in dem Betzingen weitgehend zerstört wurde und die Bürger Schutz im befestigten Reutlingen suchten. Einige Kleinbauern begannen ein Handwerk, vor allem die Weberei auszuüben.

Ende des Heiligen Römischen Reichs und Industrielle Revolution
Nach dem Ende der reichsstädtischen Zeit Reutlingens wurde Betzingen, das damals ca. 1000 Einwohner hatte, 1803 selbstständige Gemeinde des Oberamts Reutlingen.

Ab der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts wurden in Betzingen mehrere (Textil-)Fabriken gegründet: 1846 die Spinnerei und Zwirnerei Schickhardt, 1847 die Baumwollweberei August Knapp, später die Zwinnerei Wilhelm Marggraff, der Textilfabrik-Zulieferer C.C. Egelhaaf, die Cordweberei Hermann Schmidt und 1869 die Textilfabrik Ulrich Gminder (zwischen Betzingen und Reutlingen). Mit Errichtung dieser Fabriken und dem Anschluss an die Eisenbahn 1861, wurde die wirtschaftliche Situation wieder besser. Betzingen wandelte sich so von einem "Bauern- und Weberdorf zu einer Arbeiterwohngemeinde." Um 1900 gab es ca. 400 Arbeitsplätze in den Fabriken, Landwirtschaft und selbstständige Tätigkeit nahmen ab; ungefähr ein Viertel der Einwohner war zugezogen. Die wirtschaftliche Verflechtung und räumliche Nähe zu Reutlingen, sowie große öffentliche Aufgaben (Straßenbau, Kanalisation, Wasserversorgung) waren Gründe für die Eingemeindung Betzingens nach Reutlingen am 1. April 1907.

Nach der Eingemeindung 1907 und Drittes Reich
Von 1912 bis 1967 war der Stadtteil ferner durch die Straßenbahn Reutlingen mit der Kernstadt verbunden. Die Esslinger Holz- und Eisenwarenfabrik Wilhelm Heim pachtete ab 1936 das Gelände der Zwinnerei Schickhardt (heute Wannweiler Straße 11). Zunächst wurden dort Spinde für die Wehrmacht hergestellt und ab 1943 Flügel für die V1 – unter Ausnutzung von mindestens 450 Zwangsarbeitern. Die (Textil-)Fabriken waren Ziele der Luftangriffen der Alliierten auf das Deutsche Reich. Der erste Angriff auf Betzingen erfolgte am 16. März 1944. Am 20. April 1945 ging Oskar Kalbfell in Betzingen den aus Tübingen anrückenden Französischen Truppen (1. Armee) mit weißer Flagge entgegen und konnte so weiteren Schaden von Reutlingen abwenden.

Einwohnerentwicklung

Politik
 1905 wurde der auf Lebenszeit eingesetzte Schultheiß, Martin Leibßle, gedrängt in den Ruhestand zu treten.
 In der Zeit des Dritten Reiches wurden die Betzinger Vereine gleichgeschaltet. Lieder-, Trachten- und Tanzgruppe wurden von den Nationalsozialisten vereinnahmt.
 Von 2004 bis 2019 war Thomas Keck (SPD) Bezirksbürgermeister von Betzingen
 2019 wurde Friedemann Rupp (Grüne) zum Bezirksbürgermeister gewählt.

Wappen
Das Wappen zeigt zwei nebeneinander stehende Bäume, die in der Heraldik als Tannen angesehen werden. Das Siegel von Eberhard von Betzingen an einer Urkunde aus dem Jahr 1341 und Zeichnung im Württembergischen Adels- und Wappenbuch wurde in den 1960er Jahren als Betzinger Wappen aufgegriffen. Da Betzingen bereits 1907 nach Reutlingen eingemeindet worden war, besaß es nie Rechtsgültigkeit. 1994 wurde das erste Mal eine Fahne mit dem Wappen vor dem Betzinger Rathaus gehisst.

Tracht

Seit dem 19. Jahrhundert ist die Betzinger Tracht über den Ort hinaus bekannt. Sie war bei Malern, Fotografen, auf Trachtenumzügen und am Württemberger Hofe durch Wilhelm II. (Württemberg) beliebt. Die Betzinger konnten durch das Präsentieren der Tracht Geld verdienen. Im 20. Jahrhundert wurde sie noch auf Hochzeiten getragen, im 21. Jahrhundert auf Volksfesten.

Sehenswürdigkeiten
 Umweltbildungszentrum Listhof
 Heimatmuseum "Im Dorf"

Bauwerke
 Evangelische Mauritiuskirche
 Bürgermeisterhaus
 Wernersche Mühle
 Betzinger Zehntscheuer
 Kirche Hl. Kreuz der Priesterbruderschaft St. Pius X.

Trippel

Typisch für Betzinger Bauernhäuser war der Trippel, eine "[...] steile Freitreppe [...]. Vermutlich um Raum zu sparen wurde der Aufgang zur Wohnung im ersten Obergeschoss ins Freie verlegt."

Organisationen
 In der Hoffmannschule (Grund- und Hauptschule) werden rund 560 Schüler unterrichtet.
 Der TSV Betzingen ist der größte Sportverein in Betzingen, er ist in 14 Sparten aufgeteilt. Darunter auch eine BMX Bundesligamannschaft sowie mehrere Fußballmannschaften in verschiedenen Klassen. Die Handballmannschaften sind bis zur Oberliga Württemberg vertreten.
 Betzinger Sängerschaft, 1837 als Gesangsverein für Betzinger Männer. 1909 um einen Frauen- und gemischten Chor erweitert.
 Musikverein Betzingen, gegründet 1903.

Söhne und Töchter
 Ernst Boepple (1887–1950), Verleger in München und während des Zweiten Weltkrieges Staatssekretär im Generalgouvernement.
 Oskar Kalbfell (1897–1979), Politiker der SPD und Oberbürgermeister von Reutlingen
 Hans Baltisberger (1922–1956), Motorradrennfahrer
 Karl Kußmaul (* 1930), deutscher Werkstofftechniker und Materialprüfer, emeritierter Professor und ehemaliger Direktor der Staatlichen Materialprüfanstalt Stuttgart (MPA)
 Daddes Gaiser (1956–2004), Sänger der Gruppe Kiz
 Hubert Kah (* 1961), deutscher Musiker, Komponist, Liedtexter und Produzent

Literatur

Weblinks

 Offizielle Internetpräsenz des Stadtteils
 www.betzingen.info – Bilder aus Betzingen und Links zu weiterführenden Informationen
 Betzingen bei leo-bw, dem landeskundlichen Informationssystem für Baden-Württemberg

Einzelnachweise

Ortschaft von Reutlingen
Ehemalige Gemeinde (Landkreis Reutlingen)
Gemeindegründung 1803
Gemeindeauflösung 1907
Ort im Landkreis Reutlingen

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Where To Get Title Loans In Kenya.
Several 'Loans Kenya' blog readers have been asking about loans against their title deeds from us.I have a title deed, can I use it as security for a loan?Can I borrow against my land title deed? In Kenya the law allows legitimate owner of a valued land title deed to borrow a loan against it.The question is which lenders easily accepts land title deeds.
There are a lot of tedious procedures before accepting a title as collateral for example hiring Valuers, physical land visiting among others. Enough said.Below find the groups of lenders who can easily recommend and approve a borrower for a loan with a title deed.
Savings and credit cooperative societies popular 'saccos' and deposit taking microfinace institutions are the most friendly lenders in the history of borrowing. The reason being that people form saccos purposely for their benefit unlike commercial banks which wants profits.Fellow members in a Sacco know and understand you better.This means if you want to borrow a loan using your title deed, they easily approve it because they already know your land in question and the loan purpose. Credit managers do not look much into the title but into the guarantors savings.
In Kenya, popular saccos and deposit taking microfinance institutions include;Faulu,Kwft, Imarika sacco,Harambee sacco,Unaitas,Stima sacco,kwetu sacco,Mentor sacco,Milango financial services, Rafiki bank,Mombo sacco,Jamii Bora bank,Mabisa sacco,Century,Zawadisha just to mention a few.
Shylocks accept land title deed as collateral more easily than Saccos.The reason why Shylocks can't top our list is the high percentage of 'ill intention'.They ever pray that you may default in the loan repayment which will see the land ownership turn to them.They have ready money, but be careful with your loan repayment.
If your intention for the loan applied for against your land title deed is 'business purpose' especially startups,then venture capitalist can be handy. You'll simply provide the land and venture capitalist will use that land for productivity. The two of you will share ownership. Examples of venture capitalists include; Da Silva Group,Grofin,Nairobi garage,Seed Capital investment, Investeq capital, Jacana capital,AfricInvest, Fasini among others.
Every Kenyan know how hard it is to obtain a loan from our Kenyan banks. The reason being how to make profits and avoid high rates of defaulting in general.For a title loan in specific, it's extremely tedious as earlier explained. Banks come at the end of our list because of high rate of title deed loan denial.We guess only one (1) out of fifty (50) get approved for a title loan.You know who are friends to banks, Civil servants and TSC employees.Three are over fourty commercial banks in kenya.Just try your luck and good luck!


text:
OLAP Multidimensional Database Concept
Info: 5365 words (21 pages) Dissertation
Published: 6th Dec 2019
Tagged: Information Technology
This chapter is designed to provide background information and reviewing the characteristics of data warehouse, OLAP multidimensional database Concept, data mining model and the application of data mining. Within this research, the concept, design and implementation approaches in developing a complete data warehouse technology framework for deploying a successful model with the integration of OLAP Multidimensional Database and data mining model.
Section 2.2 discussed about the fundamental of data warehouse, data warehouse model and also the Extract, Transform and Loading (ETL) of raw database to data warehouse. It includes research and study on existing data warehouse models authored by William Inmon, Ralph Kimball and various scholars venturing into data warehouse models. Section 2.3 introduces background information of OLAP. It includes the studies and research on various OLAP models, OLAP architecture and concept on processing multidimensional databases, multidimensional database schemas design and implementation in this research. It includes studies and research on schema design and implementation. Section 2.4 introduces fundamental information of data mining. It includes studies and research on the available techniques, method and process for OLAP Data Mining. Section 2.5 discussed the product comparisons for data warehouse, data mining and OLAP by Mitch Kramer. It includes the reason why Microsoft is used to design and implement the new proposed model.
In this literature review, introduction to the relationships between data warehouse, OLAP multidimensional database and data mining model for deploying four experimental applications for benchmarking. This research also proves that the "new proposed model" data warehouse technology framework is ready to transform any type of raw data into useful information. It will also help us to review the new proposed model of each existing data warehouse & OLAP Multidimensional database framework.
2.2 DATA WAREHOUSE
According to William Inmon (1999), known as the "Father of Data Warehousing", data warehouse is a subject-oriented, integrated, time-variant, and non-volatile collection of data in support of the management's decision-making process. Data warehouse is a database containing data that usually represents the business history of an organization. This historical data is used for analysis that supports business decisions at many levels, from strategic planning to performance evaluation of a discrete organizational unit.
Data Warehouse is a type of database system aimed at effective integration of operational databases into an environment that enables strategic use of data (G. Zhou et al., 1995). These technologies include relational and multidimensional database management systems, client/server architecture, meta-data modelling and repositories, graphical user interface and much more (J. Hammer et al., 1995; V. Harinarayan et al., 1996).
Data warehouse currently are much a subject of researched is not only commonly used in business or finance sector but can be applied appropriately in various sectors. Data warehouse are designed for analyzing or processing of data into useful information using data mining tools for critical decision-making. Data warehouse provides access to difficult environments of an enterprise data
In these literature studies, two important authors are identified as the main contributors and co-founder in the area of Data Warehouse, William Inmon (1999; 2005) and Ralph Kimball (1996, 2000). Both author perceptions on data warehouse design and architecture differ from one another. According to Inmon (1996), data warehouse is a dependent data mart structure, whereas Kimball (1999) defined data warehouse as a bus structure which is a combination of data mart populated together as a data warehouse. Table 2.1 discussed the differences in data warehouse ideology between William Inmon and Ralph Kimball.
Table 2.1 William Inmon and Ralph Kimball Data Warehouse Differences
William Inmon
Ralph Kimball
Inmon's Paradigm: An enterprise has one data warehouse, and data marts source their information from the data warehouse. Information is stored in 3rd normal form.
Kimball's Paradigm: Data warehouse is the collection of heterogeneous data marts within the enterprise. Information is always stored in the dimensional model.
Architecture: Using TOP-DOWN approach
Architecture: Using Bottom-up approach
Data's integration from various systems to centralized repository
Concept of dimensional modelling (Bridging between Relational and multidimensional DB)
The design pattern dependent on 3rd normalization form, purpose is for data granularity.
Data's marts are connected in a bus structure. Data's marts are the "union" of data warehouse. This approach is known also as Virtual Data Warehouse.
ETL Methods
Data's extraction from operational data sources. Data are feed in staging database area. Data are then transformed, integrate, and consolidate and transfer to Operational Data Store database. Data are then load to data mart.
Data extracted from legacy system and then consolidated and verified in staging database. Data feed into ODS and more data us added/updated. Operational Data Store contains fresh copy data that is integrated and transformed to the data mart structure.
Data mart
Data Marts are available as a subset of the data warehouse.
Data Marts can be placed at different at different servers or in geographical locations.
Based on this Data Warehouse literature, both Inmon (2005) and Kimball (2000) have different philosophies, but they do have similar agreement on a successful design and implementation of data warehouse and data marts are mainly depending on the effective collection of operational data and validation of data mart. Both approaches having the same database staging concepts and ETL process of data from a database source. They also have a common understanding that independent data marts or data warehouses cannot fulfil the requirements of end users on an enterprise level for precise, timed and relevant data.
2.2.1 DATA WAREHOUSE ARCHITECTURE
Data warehouse architecture is a wide research area. It has many different sub-areas and it can be treated with different approaches in terms or analysis, design and implementation by different enterprise. In this research studies, the aim is to provide a complete view on data warehouse architecture. Two important scholars Thilini (2005) and Eckerson (2003) from TDWI will discussed in more details on the topic on data warehouse architecture.
According to Eckerson (2003), before implementing a successful business intelligence systems where users can use programs like specialized reporting tools, OLAP tools and data mining tools upfront, a data warehouse architecture model mainly concentrate on the database staging process from different integrated OLTP systems is responsible for the ETL to the whole process workable. Thilini (2005) conducted a two phase study survey on investigating which factors may influence the selection of data warehouse architecture. In Thilini literature study, there are five data warehouse architectures that are practice today as shown in Table 2.2.
Table 2.2 Data Warehouse Architectures (Adapted from Thilini, 2005)
Data Warehouse Architecture
Independent Data Marts
Independent data marts also known as localized and small sized data warehouses. It is mainly used by departments, divisions or regions of company to provide own operational databases. The data marts are different as the structures are different from different location with inconsistent database design which makes it difficult to analyze across the data marts. Thilini (2005) cited the work of Winsberg (1996) and Hoss (2002) that "It is common for organizational units to develop their own data marts". Data marts are best used as a prototype for adhoc data warehouse and as for evaluation before building a real data warehouse.
Data Mart Bus Architecture
Kimball (1996) pioneered the designed and architecture of data warehouse with unions of data marts which are known as the bus architecture. Bus architecture Data Warehouse is derived from the unions of the data marts which are also known as Virtual Data Warehouse.
Bus architecture allows data marts not only located in one server but it can be also being located on different server. This allows the data warehouse to functions more as virtual reality mode and gathered all data marts and process as one data warehouse.
Hub-and-spoke architecture
Inmon (2005) developed Hub and Spoke architecture. The hub is the central server taking care of information exchange and the spoke handle data transformation for all regional operation data stores. Hub and Spoke mainly focused on building a scalable and maintainable infrastructure for data warehouse.
Centralized Data Warehouse Architecture
Central data warehouse architecture almost similar to hub-and-spoke architecture without the dependent data marts. This architecture copies and stores heterogeneous operational and external data to a single and consistent data warehouse. This architecture has only one data model which are consistent and complete from all data sources.
According to Inmon (1999) and Kimball (2000), central data warehouse should have Database staging or known as Operational Data Store as an intermediate stage for operational processing of data integration before transform into the data warehouse.
Federated Architecture
According to Hackney (2000), Federated Data Warehouse is a integration of multiple heterogeneous data marts, database staging or Operational data store, combination of analytical application and reporting systems. The concept of federated focus on framework of integration to make data warehouse as greatest as possible. Jindal (2004) conclude that federated data warehouse approach are a practical approach for a data warehouse architecture as it is focus on higher reliability and provide excellent value if it is "well defined, documented and integrated business rules".
Thilini (2005) conclude that hub and spoke and centralized data warehouse architectures are similar and the survey scores are almost the same. Hub and spoke is faster and easier to implement because no data mart are required. For centralized data warehouse architecture scored higher than hub and spoke as for urgency needs for relatively fast implementation approach.
A data warehouse is a read-only data source where end-users are not allow to change the values or data elements. Inmon's (1999) data warehouse architecture strategy are different from Kimball's (1996). Inmon's data warehouse model splits data marts as a copy and distributed as an interface between data warehouse and end users. Kimball's views data warehouse as a unions of data marts. The data warehouse is the collections of data marts combine into one central repository. Diagram 2.1 illustrates the differences between Inmon's and Kimball's data warehouse architecture adapted from Mailvaganam, H. (2007)
Diagram 2.1 Inmon's and Kimball's Data Warehouse Architecture (adapted from Mailvaganam, 2007)
In this work, it is very important to identify which data warehouse architecture that is robust and scalable in terms of building and deploying enterprise wide systems. According to Laney (2000) and Watson, H. (2005), it is important to understand and select the appropriate data warehouse architecture and "the success of the various architectures" acclaimed by Watson. Analysis of this research proved that the most popular data warehouse architecture is hub-and-spoke proposed by Inmon as it is a centralized data warehouse with dependant data marts and second is the data mart bus architecture with dimensional data marts proposed by Kimball. The selection of the new proposed model will use the combination data warehouse architecture of hub-and-spoke and data mart bus architecture as the new proposed model data warehouse architecture are designed with centralized data warehouse and with data marts that can are used for multidimensional database modelling.
2.2.2 DATA WAREHOUSE EXTRACT, TRANSFORM, LOADING
Data warehouse architecture begins with extract, transform, loading (ETL) process to ensure the data passes the quality threshold. According to Evin (2001), it is essential that right data are important and critical for the success on an enterprise. ETL are an important tool in data warehouse environment to ensure data in the data warehouse are cleansed from various systems and locations. ETLs are also responsible for running scheduled tasks that extract data from OLTPs. Typically, a data warehouse is populated with historical information from within a particular organization (Bunger, C. J et al., 2001). The complete process descriptions of ETL are discussed in table 2.3.
Table 2.3 Extract, Transform, and Load Process in Data Warehouse architecture
Extract are the first process which involve in moving data from operational databases into database staging area or operational data store before populating into the data warehouse. In this stage, operational databases data need to be examined by extracting into the staging area for handling exceptions and fix all errors before it enters into data warehouse as this will save lots of time when loading into the data warehouse.
In completion of data extraction in database staging area, it is then transform to ensure data integrity within the data warehouse. Transformation of data can be done in several methods such as filed mapping and algorithm comparisons.
After extract and transform of data, it is finally loaded into data warehouse (in Inmon's model) or into data marts (in Kimball's model). Data loaded into data warehouse are quality data after the process of extraction where erroneous data are removed and data are transform to ensure integrity of the data.
Calvanese, D. et al. (2001) highlight an enterprise data warehouse database tables may be populated with a wide variety of data sources from different locations and often including data providing information concerning a competitor business. Collecting all the different data and storing it in one central location is an extremely challenging task where ETL can make it possible. ETL process as depicts in Diagram 2.2 begins with data extract from operational databases where data cleansing and scrubbing are done, to ensure all data's are validated. Then it is transformed to meet the data warehouse standards before it is loaded into data warehouse.
Diagram 2.2Extract, Transport, Load Process
G. Zhou et al.(1995) emphasise on data integration in data warehousing stress that ETL can assist in import and export of operational data between heterogeneous data sources using OLE-DB (Object linking and embedding database) based architecture where the data are transform to populate all quality data into data warehouse. This is important to ensure that there are no restrictions on the size of the data warehouse with this approach.
In Kimball (2000) data warehouse architecture model depict in Diagram 2.3, the model focus in two important modules, "the back room" "presentation server" and "the front room". In the back room process, where the data staging services in charge of gathering all source systems operational databases to perform extraction of data from source systems from different file format from different systems and platforms. Second step is to run the transformation process to ensure all inconsistency are removed to ensure data integrity. Finally, it is loaded into data marts. The ETL processes are commonly executed from a job control via scheduling task. The presentation server is the data warehouse where data marts are stored and process here. Data stored in star schema consist of dimension and fact tables. This is where data are then process of in the front room where it is access by query services such as reporting tools, desktop tools, OLAP and data mining tools.
Diagram 2.3 Data Warehouse Architecture (adapted from Kimball, 2000)
Nicola, M (2000) explains the process of retrieving data from the warehouse can vary greatly depending on the desired results. There are many form of possible retrieval from a data warehouses and it is flexibility that will drive how this retrieving process can be implemented. There are many tools for retrieving the data warehouse, such as building simple query and reporting through SQL statements. The tools may expand to OLAP and data mining, where the structure includes many more third party tools. There are many inherent problems associated with data, which includes the limited amount of portability, and the often-vast amount of data that must be sifted through for each query.
Essentially, ETL are mandatory for data warehouse to ensure data integrity. There are many factors to be considered such as complexity and scalability are among the two major issues that most enterprise faces by integrating information from different sources in order to have a clean and reliable source of data for mission critical business decisions. One way to achieve a scalable, non-complex solution is to adopt a "hub-and-spoke" architecture for the ETL process. According to Evin (2001), ETL best operates in hub-and-spoke architecture because of its flexibility and efficiency. Because of its centralized data warehouse design, it can influence the maintaining full access control of ETL processes. Also, empowers the usage of analytical and data mining tools by knowledge workers.
In this study on ETL for effective data warehouse architecture, it is known that Hub-and-spoke is best for data integration as it has the similarity in Inmon and Kimball architecture. The hub is the data warehouse after processing data from operational database to staging database and the spoke(s) are the data marts for distributing data. Inmon and Kimball also recommend same ETL processes to enable hub-and-spoke architecture. Sherman, R (2005) state that hub-and-spoke approach uses one-to-many interfaces from Data warehouse to many data marts. One-to-many are simpler to implement, cost effective in a long run and ensure consistent dimensions. Compared to many-to-many approach it is more complicated and costly.
In this work on the new proposed model, hub-and-spoke architecture are use as "Central repository service", as many scholars including Inmon, Kimball, Evin, Sherman and Nicola adopt to this data warehouse architecture. This approach allows locating the hub (data warehouse) and spokes (data marts) centrally and can be distributed across local or wide area network depending on business requirement. In designing the new proposed model, the hub-and-spoke architecture clearly identifies six important data warehouse components that a data warehouse should have, which includes ETL, Staging Database or operational database store, Data marts, multidimensional database, OLAP and data mining end users applications such as Data query, reporting, analysis, statistical tools. However, this process may differ from organization to organization. Depending on the ETL setup, some data warehouse may overwrite old data with new data and in some data warehouse may only maintain history and audit trial of all changes of the data. Diagram 2.4 depicts the concept of the new proposed model data warehouse architecture.
Diagram 2.4 New Proposed Model Data Warehouse Architecture
2.2.3 DATA WAREHOUSE FAILURE AND SUCCESS FACTORS
Building a data warehouse is indeed challenging as data warehouse project inheriting a unique characteristic that may impact the overall setup if the analysis, design and implementation phase are not properly done. In this research effort, it discusses the studies on failure and success factors in data warehouse project. Section 2.2.3.1 focuses on the investigation on data warehouse project failure and section 2.2.3.2 discuss and investigate mainly on the success factors by implementing the correct model to support a successful data warehouse project implementation.
2.2.3.1 DATA WAREHOUSE FAILURE FACTORS
Hayen, R.L. (2007) studies shows that implementing a data warehouse project is costly and risky as a data warehouse project can cost over $1 million in the first year. It is estimated that one-half ad two-thirds of the effort of setting up the data warehouse projects attempt will fail eventually. Hayen R.L. (2007) citied on the work of Briggs (2002) and noticed three factors for the failure of data warehouse project that is Environment, Project and Technical factors as shown in Diagram 2.5 and table 2.4 discussed the factors in more details.
Diagram 2.5 Factors for Data Warehouse Failures (adapted from Briggs, 2002)
Table 2.4 Factors for Data Warehouse Failures (adapted from Briggs, 2002)
This leads to organization changes in business, politics, mergers, takeovers and lack of top management support. Also, including human error, corporate culture, decision making and change management.
Technical factors of a data warehouse project complexity and workload are taken too lightly where high expenses involving in hardware/software and people. Problems occurred when assigning a Project manager with lack of knowledge and project experience in data warehouse costing may lead to impediment of quantifying the return on investment (ROI). Also, failure of managing a data warehouse projects also includes:
· Challenge in setting up a competent operational and development team plus not having a data warehouse manager or expert that is politically sound.
· Having an extended timeframe for development and delivery of data warehouse system may due to lack of experience and knowledge for selection of data warehouse products and end-user tools.
* Failure to manage the scope of data warehouse project.
Poor knowledge on the requirements of data definitions and data quality on different organization business departments. Also, Running a data warehouse projects with incompetent and insufficient knowledge in what technology to use may lead into problems later on data integration, data warehouse model and data warehouse applications.
Vassiliadis (2004) studies shows that data warehouse project failures are an enormous threat and threatened by factors such as design, technical, procedural and socio-technical as illustrated in Diagram 2.6. These factors of failures are vital in finding any unwanted action for success. Each factor group is described in table 2.5.
Diagram 2.6 Factors for Data Warehouse Failures (adapted from Vassiliadis, 2007)
Table 2.5 Factors for Data Warehouse Failures (adapted from Vassiliadis, 2007)
Design factors in data warehouse project can put up with "No Standard" techniques or design methodologies. A data warehouse project when doing the analysis and design phase may accept ideas on metadata techniques or languages and data engineering techniques. Also, a proprietary solutions and also recommendations from vendors or in-house experts may define the design of the data warehouse blueprint landscape.
Technical factors associate to the lack of know-how experience in evaluation and choices of hardware setup for data warehouse systems
Procedural factors concerning on the imperfection of data warehouse deployment. This factor focuses on training the end-users extensively on the new technology and the design of data warehouse which are completely different than the conventional IT solutions. users communities plays a vital role and are crucial in this factor.
Socio-Technical
Socio-technical factors in a data warehouse project may lead into problems on violation of organization modus operandi where the data warehouse systems will lead into restructuring or reorganization on the way organization operates by introducing changes to the user community.
According to Vassiliadis (2007) also, another potential factors for the failure of data warehouse projects are the "data ownership and access". This is considered vulnerable within the organization and one mustn't share nor acquire someone else data as this is comparable with losing authority on the data ownership and access. Also, restrict any departmental declaration or request to own a total ownership of pure clean and error free data as this might cause potential problem on ownership data rights.
Watson (2004) stress that the general factors for the failures in data warehouse project success comprises of "weak sponsorship" and top management support, inadequate funding and users participation and organizational politic.
2.2.3.2 DATA WAREHOUSE SUCCESS FACTORS
Data Warehouse Failures can lead into disastrous implementation if careful factors or measures are not taken into serious considerations as discussed in section 2.2.3.1 based on Briggs (2002) and Vassiliadis (2004) studies that may lead into data warehouse failures. According to Hwang M.I. (2007), data warehouse implementations are an important area of research and industrial practices but only few researches made an assessment in the critical success factors for data warehouse implementations. No doubt there is procedure for data warehouse design and implementation but only certain guidelines are subjected for experimental testing. So, it is best to decide and choose the proper data warehouse model for implementation success.
In this study on identifying and filling the gap analysis of the data warehouse success factors, a number of success factors are gathered from data warehouse scholars and professionals (Watson & Haley, 1997; Chen et al., 2000; Wixom & Watson, 2001; Watson et al., 2001; Hwang & Cappel, 2002; Shin, 2003) to validate their experimental work and research strength individually on various characteristics of data warehouse success. This study beneficial in planning and implementing data warehouse projects and direct into the success of designing and implementing the new proposed model in this research.
There are several success factors in designing and implementing data warehouse solutions and the most important success factors depend on the data warehouse model selection, as different organization may have different scope and road maps in the development of data warehouse. The results of building a successful data warehouse are then used to quantify the factors that are used and also prioritize those factors that are beneficial for continued research purpose to improve and enhanced the data warehouse model success.
According to Hayen, R.L. (2007), data warehouse is a complex system which can complicate business procedures. The complexity of data warehouse prevents companies from changing data or transaction which are necessary. It is important then to analyze on which data warehouse model to be used for such complex systems that are sound critical to an organization. Hwang M.I. (2007) conducted a study on data warehousing model and success factors as a critical area of practice and research but only a few studies have been accomplish to measure the data warehouse projects and success factors.
Many scholars had conducted a profound research in the area of data warehouse and may have succeeded or failed due to possible reasons based on each scholars outcomes on the research. It is useful inspect a few case studies on a selected companied data warehouse implementation and to experiment the failure and success factors through survey. (Winter, 2001; Watson et al., 2004)
Hwang M. I. (2007) conducted a survey study on six data warehouse scholars (Watson & Haley, 1997; Chen et al., 2000; Wixom & Watson, 2001; Watson et al., 2001; Hwang & Cappel, 2002; Shin, 2003) on the success factors in a data warehouse project. Each scholar has different success factors that are measures in a project. Table 2.6 shows the mentioned six scholars survey study on data warehouse, Watson (1997) measures data warehouse success factors, Chen et al. (2000), Watson et al. (2001) and Shin (2003) measures data warehouse implementation factors and Hwang (2002) measures through development and management practices. Only Wixom (2001) as shown in diagram 2.7 measures both Data warehouse implementation and success factors which can be used as a model for a successful data warehouse implementation. Study shown in all 6 scholars' review, without having data warehouse implementation and success factors, the consequences of any factors on a data warehouse success cannot be validated.
Table 2.6 Factors for Data Warehouse Success (adapted from Hwang M.I., 2007)
Data Warehouse Success Factors
Data Warehouse Implementation Factors
Results Reported
Watson & Haley (1997)
Focus on user involvement and support by having a clear and understandable business needs. Using methodology and modelling methods in data warehouse by targeting on "clean data". Thus, support from upper management to contribute on the success.
Ordered list of success
Chen et al.
Focused on exactness and preciseness of User satisfaction by Support and realization of end users needs.
Support for end users affects user satisfaction
Wixom & Watson (2001)
Implementation factors include management support, resources, User participation, team skills, Source systems
aand development technology which contribute to the implementatio
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