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Recommended Readings in Philippine Studies
On Reading Books and Censorship
Posted on December 20, 2021 by Caroline Hau
Note: This essay is based on my presentation at the "Reading Rights: Defending the Right to Read against Book Banning and Censorship" Webinar organized by the Academics Unite for Democracy and Human Rights on December 6, 2021. I thank Bomen Guillermo for his kind invitation and support.
Here are just a few of the reasons why I love books:
I love their thingliness. I don't recall ever wanting to smell or caress the TV or computer, but I love doing so with books. I love the heft, texture, color, and scent of books, their typography and design, their portability.
Books are mini-shuttles that transport readers across space and time, guiding them toward inner and outer worlds, toward real and imagined ones.
I love the anticipation of reading as much as the joy of reading. I always look forward to opening a book for the first time. I'm an avid collector of first and last sentences.
I love collecting books, or used to love collecting books. I am a recovering BookSale addict.
Books are easier on the eyes and less likely to drive their readers to distraction, compared to the screen.
Books are good sleeping pills for adults and pacifiers for kids.
Since you are taking part in this Webinar, I think I'm already preaching to the converted, so let me focus on a few other points with wider social, cultural, and political resonance and implications.
People read books for pleasure, for the stories that books tell, for the music of their language(s) and the multiple meanings, even contradictory ones, they suggest. People also read for instruction, for the information that books present.
More than that, to open a book is to open a gate of interpretation. Books lay out arguments that readers can grapple with. There's something to be said about the fact that, to quote George Orwell in 1984, "The best books…are those that tell you what you know already."
But it is also true that we learn new things from books. Books have the power to unsettle and disturb, to challenge truisms and cherished assumptions, even to provoke and offend. They may lead readers to question themselves as well as the societies and world they live in. Above all, they sharpen one's thinking.
The usual knee-jerk reaction of the offended, particularly those in positions of authority who find themselves under challenge, is to argue for banning the books.
Indeed, the list of books that have been banned or challenged at one time or another somewhere in the world is quite extensive. They include not just the usual suspects like Copernicus, Galileo, Voltaire, Marx, and Darwin, but also Chaucer, Einstein, The Oxford Handbook of Clinical Medicine, Alice in Wonderland, Madame Bovary, Uncle Tom's Cabin, A Farewell to Arms, The Pentagon Papers documenting the US involvement in Vietnam, Yang Jisheng's Tombstone: The Great Chinese Famine, 1958-1962, Pramoedya Ananta Toer's Perburuan (The Fugitive), the Qur'an, and the Bible.
The most famous banned books in the Philippines are Jose Rizal's Noli me tangere and El filibusterismo. Let's look at the passages in these novels in which the word "terror" or its equivalents appear.
There's the Guardia Civil, which has "only this purpose: the repression of crime by means of terror and force" (tiene no más que este fin: represión del crimen por el terror y la fuerza). There's Sisa, full of terror (llena de terror), driven mad by the injustice inflicted on her sons. There's Juli, overcome with terror (rendida por el terror) at the thought of the terrible fate that awaits her at the convent. There's Matanglawin, formerly known as Cabesang Tales, who is called the Terror of Luzon (el Terror de Luzon) and the reign of terror (régimen de terror) endured by ordinary people who, caught between the tulisanes and the government, opt to join him.
There's Simoun, who inspires terror in Basilio and others before and after Basilio learns of his plan to organize a revolution. Simoun displays antique jewelry linked to the French Revolution and the Reign of Terror. Padre Irene hastens Capitan Tiago's death by feeding the sick old man's terror with hair-raising stories (aumentar su terror con historias espeluznantes). At the Quiapo fair, Simoun makes Padre Salvi faint with terror (rendido por el terror) when Simoun, disguised as the Sphinx, accuses Salvi of having driven Maria Clara mad with terror and suffering (volverla loca de terror y de sufrimiento).
In the chapter titled "Tatakut," certain persons are said to have advised the Captain-General "to inspire terror [inspirar el terror] and administer a lasting lesson to the filibusteros". His Excellency refuses to release Basilio despite the latter's innocence, on the grounds that "the punishment will prove more salutary and exemplary, since it inspires greater terror [como que infunde más terror]."
In other words, it isn't only Simoun and Matanglawin who have the ability to inspire terror. Readers understand fully well that they were driven to do what they did by the injustice and persecution inflicted on them and their loved ones.
The novels also emphasize the fact that it is the government officials, the clergy, the police and military, and the state itself that regularly terrorize individuals and communities. Rizal pointed out that the abuses committed by authorities are responsible for fomenting filibusterismo. Rizal himself would be tried, condemned, and executed as the Word Incarnate of filibusterismo (el Verbo del filibusterismo), or what states would now call a terrorist. Both La Liga Filipina and the Katipunan, with their clandestine operations, would have been categorized in our time as terrorist organizations.
And if you look at the commentary on Rizal's novels over the past hundred or so years, the most persistent refrain you hear is the one that laments the fact that modern-day, Filipino counterparts of the abusados are alive and well and still terrorizing the Filipino people.
Now let me turn to the topic of book prohibition in more recent memory. Under martial law, exposés or what Filipinos at the time called bomba like Primitivo Mijares' The Conjugal Dictatorship of Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos I and Carmen Navarro Pedrosa's The Untold Story of Imelda Marcos were banned.
According to my friends who were students and teachers at the University of the Philippines (UP) at Diliman, UP library books that had keywords or titles like "revolution" and "Marx" were removed from the open stacks and circulation. Even the Campus Crusade for Christ's book Revolution Now! was removed from the reading room. These books were not withdrawn from the library collection. Instead, they were "archived", which is another way of saying that these books were kept under lock and key. It is true that in principle the books could be perused. The problem was that one had to submit an official request to gain access to the books. In this way, the military was able to keep tabs on who personally requested the books.
At the same time, however, the UP librarians created a parallel secret archive for the materials–speeches, manifestos, newspaper clippings, literature, pamphlets and leaflets–critical of the Marcos regime, materials that would form the core of the UP Radical Papers collection, away from the prying eyes of the military.
After the People's Power Revolution, the materials from both archives became available for use by students, teachers, and scholars.
Access to libraries and their materials is crucial to critical thinking and research, as any student or scholar can tell you. For the past year or so, I've been working on a glossary of the Marcos era, and I have found that books and other library materials still provide the best access to fully vetted, systematically organized and presented data and debates that can be backed by verifiable sources.
Looking back, I think that the "archiving" of so-called "subversive" books and materials did not prevent activists from becoming activists and resisting the Marcos dictatorship. Activists found ways to link up with each other through networks of solidarities among likeminded people and, just as crucially, people who didn't necessarily agree with each other politically or ideologically.
Ideas circulated in clandestine and other forms. More people were learning about the abuses of the dictatorship by alternative means, including the mosquito press and aboveground as well as underground advocacy inside and outside the Philippines. More important, they were experiencing for themselves firsthand the effects of political repression and the increasingly dire economic condition in the country, which was greatly exacerbated by nepotism and crony capitalism.
And yet, as much as the withholding of books and other reading materials did not prevent people from experiencing for themselves the disastrous consequences of constitutional authoritarianism, it did at the same time have the general effect of restricting access to information and filtering knowledge about the regime. Restriction and filtering have had lingering effects even into the present.
The educational system produced textbooks for elementary and high school students that touted the accomplishments of the Marcos era but did not give full and accurate information, let alone encourage teachers and students to think more critically, about the regime's failings and their negative consequences.
Mainstream press reporting was censored at the time. Even decades later, with a few important exceptions, it is often unsystematic and lacking in nuance and context. In the age of social media, people prefer their echo chambers over informed analysis. Fewer still bother to read books, especially academic ones, or do their own research.
Demographic change is clearly a factor behind selective historical memory, as nearly sixty-five percent of our total population is aged 34 and below and a little less than eighteen percent of those now aged between 35 and 49 years were born only after martial law was declared, meaning that more than eighty-two percent of the current Filipino population had either not been born yet or were still children when the Marcos dictatorship was toppled.
Those old enough to have lived through the martial law years have tended to view the period selectively through the rose-colored glasses of nostalgia, though this attitude in part springs from disillusionment with the failure of People Power democratization to deliver on its promise of peace, order, prosperity, and decisive action to improve the lives of fellow Filipinos.
Which brings me to the current situation and its implications for Philippine society. We all know that a solid, grounded education makes for an empowered, conscientious citizenry. The essential ingredients of a good education are good students, good teachers, good libraries and laboratories, and supportive administrations.
Withdrawing or banning books from libraries erodes the core principles of freedom and democracy affirmed by no less than our Constitution. There is something very wrong when documents signed by the government itself, such as the Hague Joint Declaration of 1992 and the"Comprehensive Agreement on Respect for Human Rights and International Humanitarian Law between the Government of the Republic of the Philippines and the National Democratic Front of the Philippines" of 1998, are among the materials withdrawn from libraries. Should military and school authorities then also withdraw from bookshelves the Constitution on which these documents affirming the inviolability of human rights are based?
Academic freedom is based on the freedom of thought and expression. But educators have no right to use administrative fiat to infringe on students', teachers', and researchers' constitutionally guaranteed rights as citizens to inquire and think for themselves and engage in free and open discussion. More substantially, the job of educational institutions is to nurture students' ability to make their own judgments about the books they read, whether educators agree with the ideas contained in these books or not, and especially when they don't.
Freedom of thought and expression includes the freedom to speak truth to power, to criticize people in positions of authority, and demand change for the better. People don't only have the right to criticize their leaders and other authorities when these people are not doing their jobs; they also have the right to defend themselves against tyranny, oppression, and injustice. Let us not forget that the 1987 Constitution was itself founded on the right of revolution.
People who don't want other people to read books that they don't like assume that people cannot be trusted to figure things out for themselves. They believe that ideas need to be "processed" and "guarded", the better to spoonfeed students. They're not interested in promoting debate; as far as they're concerned, "sa pamamahay ko, ako ang masusunod". To understand where authoritarian tendencies reside, we should begin by looking closely at ourselves, our homes, and, yes, our schools.
The Supreme Court tells us that "Academic freedom has traditionally been associated as a narrow aspect of the broader area of freedom of thought, speech, expression and the press". Narrow its purview may be, abusing academic freedom has much broader implications. If you have no problems undermining the concept of academic freedom, you also end up undermining every other freedom because, basically, you don't think that freedom and democracy matter at all.
Freedom and democracy are foundational to this country and to the proper functioning of any state, market, and society. Those who have no respect for these foundational concepts subvert the very system they claim to be upholding or defending against so-called communist-terrorists.
It was Antonio Gramsci who in 1919 wrote that "To tell the truth, to arrive together at the truth, is a communist and revolutionary act" ("Workers Democracy" editorial, L'Ordine Nuovo [The New Order]). In this age of fake news and alternative facts, of illiberal politics undercutting civil liberties and democratic governance, of new technologies such as artificial intelligence that enhance the state's power to control its people and are augmenting human reasoning and decision-making in unforeseeable ways, in this age of historical amnesia and lionizing of strongmen and their brood, anyone who adopts a critical stance and works to transform the system is likely to be labeled a subversive, a terrorist. Well, if telling the truth is a "communist and revolutionary act," then may there be more communists and revolutionaries.
Posted in Essays	| Tagged book banning, censorship in the Philippines	| Leave a comment
Aurora Roxas-Lim: In Memoriam
Posted on November 29, 2020 by Caroline Hau
Her friends called her "Roxy," but I always called her "Auntie Aurora" because that was how my mother, who was related to Benito "Uncle Ben" Lim, called her.
Auntie Aurora was a marvelous woman. She had merely to enter a room or into a conversation to light it up, to ramp up the energy level. Not only was she companionable, vivacious, and warm-hearted; she was also visionary, indefatigable, efficient, and no-nonsense. A rare combination.
Above all, she was an inspiration, a model of the life of the mind dedicated to the pursuit of knowledge.
In my mind, she and my mother were forever linked by their association with the University of the Philippines and by their abiding interest in art. My mom was the first person in her family to go to college. Because Tondo was far from Diliman, Mama—who, like Auntie Aurora, was accepted to UP as an honors graduate on scholarship—lived with Auntie Aurora and Uncle Ben in their campus housing on weekdays. My mom was originally a pre-Medicine student, but left school to marry my dad. After raising five children, she eventually went back to UP, shifting to the College of Fine Arts to major in Painting and graduating magna cum laude the same year that I did.
As a UP undergraduate, I once toyed with the idea of majoring in Art Studies because I liked to draw and paint and was deeply interested in Asian art history, but decided to stay on as an English major because I loved reading literature and creative writing (known then as "imaginative writing"—don't ask me what's the difference!) even more. Auntie Aurora, too, had been an English-lit major as an undergrad before she shifted to art studies.
It was Auntie Aurora (and my mom) who encouraged me to pursue graduate studies at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York. Auntie Aurora had been a doctoral student of art history in Ithaca, but had had to cut short her program of study and return to the Philippines because of a serious eye condition that required surgery and long-term treatment. From her, I learned about Cornell's Southeast Asia Program, the premier area studies program in the United States at the time. From her, I learned as well of Cornell's famed Wason collection of library and archival materials relating to East Asia. (There was also a colonial connection here, as the First Philippine Commission appointed in 1899 by US President McKinley was headed by Jacob Schurman, the president of Cornell.)
It's ironic that, in those days, one still had to go all the way to America to learn about Southeast Asia and write a dissertation about Philippine literature. But I look back on my Cornell sojourn with great fondness, because I was fortunate to have learned a lot from my teachers and fellow students there. Like Auntie Aurora, I studied Bahasa Indonesia. Like Auntie Aurora, I have been involved in promoting Asian (and in particular, Southeast Asian) studies through institution-building and scholarship.
Over nearly three decades, Auntie Aurora kindly kept in touch, meeting in person, talking by phone, and later, exchanging emails. At the small wedding dinner party that my parents organized for me and my husband Shiraishi Takashi, while my husband and Uncle Ben happily bonded over their common interest in the politics of East Asia, Auntie Aurora sat next to me and shared with me her painful experience of the Japanese occupation. I was shaken, in particular, by her eye-witness account of the torture and murder of one of her brothers, and the injuring of her father and another brother. But I was deeply honored by her wedding gift of her life story—an injunction to remember that the history of our family (my grandfather had been a guerrilla, too) is also bound up with the history of our country.
My last email exchange with Auntie Aurora was over the passing of Uncle Ben, whose involvement in the policy of mass naturalization of the Philippine Chinese in the mid-1970s—a naturalization that importantly paved the way for the integration of the ethnic Chinese into Filipino society—also inspired me to delve deeper into the Chinese Question in the Philippines. She wrote a beautiful tribute to Uncle Ben for his funeral and shared the text with me and my parents and siblings.
I cannot do justice to the long, productive life Auntie Aurora led, the friendships she enjoyed, the careers of younger people she nurtured, the academic institutions she strengthened, the scholarship she pioneered. All I can say is that I am deeply privileged to have been influenced by her, and my life would have been quite different had it not been for her.
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Recommended Halloween Reading: Last Lines of 15 Notable Works of Horror Fiction
Posted on October 26, 2020 by Caroline Hau
Frankenstein, or the Modern Prometheus (1818), Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley
In a nutshell: unwanted baby wreaks vengeance on irresponsible parent.
He was soon borne away by the waves and lost in darkness and distance.
Melmoth the Wanderer (1820), Charles Maturin
In a nutshell: scholar bargains with the devil for a 150-year extension on life, only to spend most of it looking for his contract replacement.
Melmoth and Monçada exchanged looks of silent and unutterable horror, and returned slowly home.
The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1886), Robert Louis Stevenson
In a nutshell: urbane, respectable doctor unleashes the beast in him.
Here then, as I lay down the pen and proceed to seal up my confession, I bring the life of that unhappy Henry Jekyll to an end.
The Great God Pan (1894), Arthur Machen
In a nutshell: doctor experiments on a young woman to "lift the veil" over the human mind, known to the Ancients as "seeing the god Pan"; she does, literally, and more.
And now Helen is with her companions…
Dracula (1897), Bram Stoker
In a nutshell: bad enough that this immigrant acquires chunks of our real estate; he's out to steal our women, too!
Already he knows her sweetness and loving care; later on he will understand how some men so loved her, that they did dare much for her sake.
The Turn of the Screw (1898), Henry James
In a nutshell: governess battles two dead ex-employees of a country manor for the souls of her two young charges, but are these ghosts real or just figments of her imagination?
We were alone with the quiet day, and his little heart, dispossessed, had stopped.
Rebecca (1938), Daphne du Maurier
In a nutshell: naïve, innocent second wife is haunted by beautiful, brilliant—above all, dead—first wife.
And the ashes blew towards us with the salt wind from the sea.
The Haunting of Hill House (1959), Shirley Jackson
In a nutshell: ghosthunters observe and document phenomena in a house reputed to be haunted, but who is the haunter and who is the haunted?
Within, its walls continued upright, bricks met neatly, floors were firm, and doors were sensibly shut; silence lay steadily against the wood and stone of Hill House, and whatever walked there, walked alone.
Interview with the Vampire (1976), Anne Rice
In a nutshell: immortality is a bitch.
And then, stuffing the notebook quickly in his pocket, he gathered the tapes into his brief case, along with the small recorder, and hurried down the long hallway and down the stairs to the street, where in front of the corner bar his car was parked.
The House Next Door (1978), Anne Rivers Siddons
In a nutshell: new, ultra-modern house plumbs the horror of breaking social taboos.
"It looks like it's alive."
Falling Angel (1978), William Hjortsberg
In a nutshell: Beware of clients who call themselves Louis Cyphre and hire shamuses to track down missing crooners over breach of contract.
This time, the joke was on me.
The Woman in Black (1983), Susan Hill
In a nutshell: hell hath no fury like a mother sundered from her child.
Beloved (1987), Toni Morrison
In a nutshell: slavery, America's original sin, is a revenant.
Beloved.
The Little Stranger (2009), Sarah Waters
In a nutshell: As British country house and gentry fall into ruin and the working-class gains ascendancy, whose poltergeist is it?
For I'll turn, and am disappointed—realizing that what I am looking at is only a cracked window-pane, and that the face gazing distortedly from it, baffled and longing, is my own.
Aklat ng mga Naiwan (Book of the Left-Behind, 2018), A.A. Mendoza III
In a nutshell: at last, our very own Filipino novela del dictador about a dictator who writes a novel titled Ang Pista ng Mga Katawan: Kontra-Pagwawasto (The Feast of Bodies: Against Correction), the second part of which is a 300-page, extraordinarily gruesome interrogation manual (divided into three sections, "Pagdukot" [Abduction], "Pagtortyur" [Torture], and "Pagdispatsa" [Disposal]") that gives the lie to the myth of the "smiling martial law."
Aminin man natin o hindi, nasa guhit-tagpuan ng ating kolektibong kahibangan ang ating katubusan. (Whether we admit it or not, our redemption lies on the horizon of our collective mania.)
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In Memoriam: Edel Garcellano
Posted on April 26, 2020 by Caroline Hau
Edel Garcellano, poet, critic, novelist, teacher, passed away on April 23, at the age of 73.
I first met Edel in 1990, right after I graduated from the University of the Philippines at Diliman and applied for a job as an Instructor at the Department of English and Comparative Literature.
As an undergraduate, I had many excellent, inspiring teachers—Franz Arcellana, Amelia Bonifacio, NVM Gonzalez, Nieves Epistola, Winifred Evangelista, Wilhelmina Ramos, Pacita Fernandez, Sylvia Ventura, Yolanda Tomeldan, among others—who trained me in the art of reading, writing, and research.
In those days, literary studies was largely New Critical, formalist in spirit, orientation, and method. English majors studied the classics and engaged in "close reading" of literary works. My concentration was "Imaginative Writing," not "Creative Writing" (don't ask me what's the difference). We read novels, plays, and poems, not "texts." We worked on "analyses", not "critiques."
The education was not entirely (neo-)colonial. Our solid grounding in English and American literature (no problem acing the GRE Literature in English test when the time came to apply for graduate school in America) was complemented by language-training in Spanish, French, and Chinese and by coursework in Philippine, European, and Asian literature. Few of the courses at UP were being taught in Filipino, though, and there were no courses specifically devoted to Southeast Asian, Latin American, and African literature.
Encountering Edel came as a shock, intellectually and otherwise. With his leonine features, polemical style of talking and writing, and unfailing sense of humor, Edel was charismatic, funny, and provocative. Unflinching and unrelenting in his pursuit of a point of fact or argument, he embodied a critical stance that I had only come across in the pages of La Solidaridad and the Philippine Collegian, in the loose-leafed Xerox copies of essays, pamphlets, and little red books that our Social Science II instructors surreptitiously circulated among select students, and in the mimeographed manifestos and statements issued at rallies and demonstrations.
I entered UP in the heady aftermath of the People's Power Revolution in 1986. Over the next six years, the euphoria of toppling the Marcos dictatorship slowly bled out as dynastic names dominated the election rosters, activists like Lean Alejandro and Rolando Olalia were killed and protesting farmers massacred in Mendiola, members of the Armed Forces repeatedly plotted and staged coups d'etat, poverty remained prevalent, the government elected not to repudiate the gargantuan foreign debt and instead cut social spending, agrarian reform ran aground, business was crippled by power outages, and natural disasters (typhoons and the eruption of Mount Pinatubo) took their heavy toll on communities and livelihoods.
Edel helped me make sense of these unfolding crises. Some of the English department's junior faculty began gravitating toward Edel and gathering at his office at the Faculty Center to form a kapatiran of sorts. The office, room 1027, was meant for all of the department lecturers, but for us junior faculty, it was quickly known as "Edel's office" or, simply, "FC 1027."
I was part of a group that included people like Felicidad "Bliss" Cua Lim, poet and film critic and scholar now based in the University of California at Irvine; Antonio "Tonchi" Tinio, activist and former national chairperson of the Alliance of Concerned Teachers who has represented the ACT Teachers Partylist at the 15th, 16th, and 17th Kongreso ng Pilipinas; Patricia "Pat" Arinto, former Dean of the Faculty of Education of the UP Open University and now Dean of the University of the Philippines-Visayas' Tacloban College; Lila Ramos-Shahani, former Secretary-General of UNESCO National Commission of the Philippines; Anne Marie "Nana" Mabilangan (Ozaeta), Editor-in-Chief of FOOD Magazine; and Maria Theresa "Tess" Dizon (De Vega), currently Philippine Ambassador to Germany.
Through Edel, I was introduced to Neferti Tadiar (one of the Philippines' foremost literary critics, now at Barnard College), Luisa Mallari (Hall) (before she went to the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia to conduct her now-classic comparative study of Tagalog and Malaysian novels; a plane crash cut short the life of one of our country's pioneering Southeast Asianists), and soft-spoken but redoubtable revolutionary Monico Atienza.
We were joined by the Filipino-American scholar John "Jody" Blanco, and would in turn link up with Jaime "Bing" Biron Polo, who was then with the Department of Anthropology, and Patrick Flores of the Department of Art Studies to form the Critical Forum.
Edel "was the real heart and soul" (as Jody puts it) of the Critical Forum's project of "bringing together scholars, artists (in literature, film, and the performing arts), journalists, and cultural workers to engage in dialogues over social and cultural issues."
We met to discuss books and ideas, debate the issues of the day, hang out between and after classes, and dream up ways to criticize, perhaps even disrupt, what we saw as the reactionary complacency of our field and the institutional practices of reading, writing, teaching, and working in academia more generally that underpinned it. We read Roland Barthes, Jacques Derrida, Michel Foucault, Etienne Balibar, Marx and Engels, Jacques Lacan, Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari, Julia Kristeva, and Helene Cixous with the same appreciative but critical eye as Edel did. My M.A. teachers Preachy Legasto, Helen Lopez, and Jing Hidalgo expanded my reading list by recommending books on feminism, ethnic studies, and postcolonial studies.
People remember Edel for many things.
There was Edel's coruscating wit, for one. Of classes at UP, he once complained that "There should be paper reading every week dito pero wala kang maapuhap. Ang paper lang dito yung panglinis ng puwet." ("Isang Panayam"*). In one giyera patani, he said of his adversary that "He has not lost mind, really, only–alas–his teeth" ("Part One: If Dumbo Could Write, He Would Have Written Thus"*).
Edel, too, was known for his trenchant analyses of, and principled interventions in, issues ranging from the EDSA "Drama" (as Edel calls it) to the Second Great Rectification Movement of 1992 within the Communist Party of the Philippines; from the possibilities and limits of Filipino feminist and progressive writing to the reigning cult of the author, the literary award, and literary barkada; from the nativist and anti-theory turn in Philippine scholarship to the importance, but also pitfalls, of academic konfrontasi between progressive intellectuals, on the one hand, and writers, artists, academics and media practitioners, on the other hand, who, as Edel put it, "have arrogated upon themselves this privileged slot in the so-called 'command post' of civil society" ("The Silence of the Lambs"*).
To me, however, Edel was the consummate listener. I have a clear image still of Edel sitting quietly, head slightly bent down and forward, listening intently, intervening very infrequently to ask brief but pointed questions that forced the speaker to clarify her ill-conceived thoughts, reconsider the ideological position that grounds her thinking and action, and attend to the gaps and silences that riddle her own agenda.
Edel defied the basic assumptions that inform our commonsensical ideas of the critic as teacher, ideas of the teacher as an unchallenged authority, fountain of truth and wisdom, and source of one-way learning and transmission of knowledge.
Edel's idea of pedagogical practice–or more accurately, anti-pedagogy–is revealing for its resolute modesty.
In a 1994 interview with the Philippine Collegian, he said: "Hindi naman ako nakikibaka sa classroom. It's just that I say what I want to say, according to the logic of my discourse. Pero yung messianic spirit that I will change the kids, wala. In fact, they're the ones changing me" ("Isang Panayam"*).
He went on to joke that "Ako nga tamad ngayon, kasi tamad ang mga estudyante ko," but his main point was that he was teaching himself: "So ang nangyayari I do things on my own. Basa na lang ako ng basa."
Although I didn't have the privilege of being Edel's student, the way he talked about what he did in his classes suggests to me that the value of coming into contact with an inspiring teacher like Edel, who changes your way of thinking, perhaps even your way of life, has more to do with the critical stance Edel encouraged his most gifted students to develop on their own, rather than any distinct style or method of teaching, let alone transfer of ideas.
Edel was of a generation that had been radicalized by the political and intellectual ferment of the 1960s and early 1970s, the generation that experienced martial law and was fully aware of the brutality beneath the mask of what Imelda Marcos, shamelessly stealing from the Latin Americans, called the "smiling dictatorship."
Edel once told me that getting a failing grade of "singko" in class was a badge of honor in the fight against reactionary teachers, the irrelevance of the subject being taught to students, and the bureaucratism, careerism, and self-promotion of academics and artists (including creative writers) who engaged in vicious infighting over the crumbs that the state and private sector deigned to brush off the table.
He was also of that generation of writers, like Nick Joaquin, Gregorio Brillantes, and Kerima Polotan, who, whatever their ideological stripes, honed their skills in journalism and had first-hand experience of the world outside the cloisters of academia. In his time, as he would say in his "Letter to Young Poets," "[t]he idea of a Ph.D. or master's in whatever was somewhat preposterous."
More than critic and writer, Edel was a complex, brilliant man. He was my imagined and real-life interlocutor, the person whose voice echoed in my head whenever I took up book to read and pen to write. Who are we working, writing for? What are the intellectual and political stakes of our research? Who benefits?
There's much more that I can say about how Edel shaped my thinking, and that of several generations of students, researchers, and activists at UP and the Polytechnic University of the Philippines (where he later taught), how unstinting he remained in his emotional and intellectual support all these years.
But it's Edel's voice I keep hearing these past few days, his voice over a cup of coffee at the Katag in the basement of the Faculty Center, sadly burned down in 2016; over iced tea at The Chocolate Kiss on campus; over pasta at the Jorge Vargas Museum. Edel, food, and thought: sustenance.
And his words resonate still, incisive and plangent as ever, in his poems, his masterful novels Ficcion (1978) and Maikling Imbestigasyon ng Isang Mahabang Pangungulila (1990), and his essays.
*"The Silence of the Lambs," "Isang Panayam," and "Part One: If Dumbo Could Write, He Would Have Written Thus" appear in Edel Garcellano's essay collection Interventions: Essays (Quezon City: Polytechnic University of the Philippines, 1998). "Letter to Young Poets" (2016) is from The Works of Edel Garcellano, https://theworksofedelgarcellano.wordpress.com
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Video Golay Lecture: For Whom Are Southeast Asian Studies?
The 11th Frank H. Golay Memorial Lecture, Cornell University
"For Whom are Southeast Asian Studies?"
Caroline Hau (Kyoto University)
Video of lecture: https://www.cornell.edu/video/caroline-hau-for-whom-are-southeast-asian-studies
Which audiences, publics, and peoples do Southeast Asianists address and serve? The question of "audience(s)"—real and imagined, intended and unintended—is arguably central to (re)conceptualizing the rationale, scope, efficacy, and limits of Southeast Asian Studies. It has an important bearing on what kind of topics are chosen for study, what and how personal and institutional networks and intellectual exchanges are mobilized, which dialogues and collaborations are initiated, what language(s) one writes in, where one publishes or works, which arenas one intervenes in, and how the region is imagined and realized. I focus on Jose Rizal's two novels–Noli me tangere(1887) and El filibusterismo (1891)–and Benedict Anderson's Imagined Communities (1983, 1991, 2006) and examine the ways in which the issue of audience(s) crucially informed the intellectual projects of the two authors, and how the vicissitudes of production, circulation, translation, and reception shaped the intellectual, political, and artistic trajectories and legacies of these three notable Southeast Asian studies texts. I will also discuss the power of these texts to conjure and call forth unexpected and unintended audiences that have the potential to galvanize Southeast Asian studies while stressing the connected histories that link Southeast Asia to other regions and the world.
Previous Golay lectures were delivered by Barbara and Leonard Andaya, Benedict Anderson, James Scott, Claude Guillot, Aihwa Ong, Anthony Milner, Jomo K.S. Sundaram, Ruth McVey, Craig Reynolds, and Erik Thorbecke.
Caroline S. Hau is Professor at the Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University, Japan. Born in Manila, she was educated at the University of the Philippines and Cornell University. She is the author and (co-)editor of more than thirteen books, including Necessary Fictions: Philippine Literature and the Nation, 1946-1980; The Chinese Question: Ethnicity, Nation, and Region in and beyond the Philippines; (with Kasian Tejapira) Traveling Nation-Makers: Transnational Flows and Movements in the Making of Modern Southeast Asia; and Elites and Ilustrados in Philippine Culture. She has published a novel, Tiempo Muerto, and two volumes of short fiction, Recuerdos de Patay and Other Stories and Demigods and Monsters: Stories.
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Opening Lines of 50 Filipino Novels
Posted on September 27, 2019 by Caroline Hau
Aguilar, Faustino. Pinaglahuan (1907)
Bayan ang tumawag at bayan ang dumalo.
Alfar, Dean Francis. Salamanca (2006)
Seven years after the complete destruction of Manilaville in Louisiana, the dissolute author Gaudencio Rivera decided to settle the matter of his prodigious sexuality and beget a child.
Bautista, Lualhati. Bata, Bata…Pa'no Ka Ginawa? (1991)
At sa wakas, tumugtog ang graduation march at nagmartsa ang mga batang magsisipagtapos.
Bulosan, Carlos. America is in the Heart (1943)
I was the first to see him coming slowly through the tall grass in the dry bottom of the river.
Bulosan, Carlos. The Cry and the Dedication (1995)
Now long shadows were falling upon the hushed silence of the great forest.
Castillo, Erwin E. The Firewalkers (1992)
Once upon a time, in the year of 19 hundred and 13, there lived in the town of Lakambaga, the province of Cavite, a man named Gabriel Diego who was sergeant of the police.
Cleto, Luna Sicat. Makinilyang Altar (2002)
Dadamputin ko na sana ang librong nakapatong sa pasamano nang mapansin kong dumapo ang maraming tarat sa punong sampalok sa bakuran.
Coson, Mara. Aliasing (2018)
A volcano is about to explode, but perhaps if they don't think about it, it won't happen.
Cruz, Andres Cristobal. Ang Tundo Man ay Langit Din (1986)
Lalabas na sana si Victor del Mundo sa silid na kulong ng salamin nang kumiriring ang telepono sa kanyang mesa.
De Guzman-Lingat, Rosario. Ano Ngayon, Ricky? (1971)
Nakita mo na ang Maynila?
De los Reyes, Isabelo. Ang Singsing nang Dalagang Marmol (1912)
Matapus ang kasindaksindak na labanang nangyari sa mga tagalog at americano sa Kingwa, lalawigan ng Bulakan, ng ika 23 ng Abril ng 1899, na siyang ikinapatay kay Coronel Stotsenburg, sa Capitan at iba pang mga kawal americano, kaming mga tagalog naman ay nagsiurong sa Sibul, at sa isang bahay-gamutan ng aming mga kawal ay natagpuan ko ang isang matapang na pinunong tagalog na bahagya nang makagalaw at makapagsalita dahil sa marami niyang sugat.
Derain, Allan. Ang Banal na Aklat ng mga Kumag (2013)
O Dakilang Manunubos na isinugo ng Dios Ama buhat sa Kinabuhayan na siyang unang langit.
Diaz, Glenn. The Quiet Ones (2017)
The airport's impersonal contours and antiseptic light discouraged strength of feelings, but the regret in Alvin's chest brooded, a petulant child.
Firmeza, Ruth. Gera (1991)
May dalang balita ang LO, ang pinunong pangkomunikasyon: Kaalis ng napakaraming sundalo, galit dahil walang natagpuang NPA sa baryo.
Francisco, Lazaro. Maganda pa ang Daigdig (1955)
Natatalisod ng tao kung minsan sa landas ng buhay ang isa o dalawa o ilan mang pangyayaring nauukit nang malalim sa gunita at di nalilimot.
Galang, Zoilo M. A Child of Sorrow (1924)
Lucio had just received his sheep-skin diploma from the provincial high school, and had laid his book on the dust-covered shelf.
Gonzalez, N.V.M. A Season of Grace (1956)
It is in the hills beyond the sitio of Bondoc where the Alag begins.
Groyon, Vicente Garcia. The Sky Over Dimas (2003)
The fact is: George Torrecarion went crazy.
Guillermo, Ramon. Ang Makina ni Mang Turing (2013)
Mula sa kinatatayuan natin ngayon, kinamamanghaan natin ang kamangmangan ng mga pangunahing panauhing pangkasaysayan tungkol sa kanilang sariling daigdig at panahon.
Jalandoni, Magdalena. Lucia (1919)
Sa isa ca malinong nga hilit nga mahamtang sa isa ca bahin sining matahum nga cadatuan sang Iloilo, may isa ca masangcad nga baybayon; baybayon nga ang iya masadia nga hunasan napunihan sang mga matin-ao nga paquinhason nga naga silac sa tunga sang iya malum-oc nga cabalasan nga sa guihapon guina hadcan sang iya maazul nga ilog.
Javellana, Stevan. Without Seeing the Dawn (1947)
He was only eighteen years old but already he was tall, as wide as a house, and he had big strong arms like those of the town blacksmith.
Joaquin, Nick. The Woman Who Had Two Navels (1961)
When she told him she had two navels, he believed her at once: she seemed so urgently, so desperately serious—and besides, what would be the point of telling a lie like that, he asked himself, while she asked him if he could help her, if he could arrange "something surgical"—an operation.
Joaquin, Nick. Cave and Shadows (1983)
The vision–a crab on a string being walked by a naked girl–occurred in deep hotel-corridor twilight and moreover when he, Jack Henson, was feeling himself in a swoon.
Jose, F. Sionil. The Pretenders (1962)
On the night her husband left her, Mrs. Antonio Samson could not sleep.
Hernandez, Amado V. Mga Ibong Mandaragit (1969)
Nangalahati na ang 1944.
Laya, Juan C. His Native Soil (1972)
Martin knew what it was to come back to these seven thousand islands and find a place to live in among sixteen million people.
Lee, Ricardo. Si Amapola sa 65 na Kabanata (2011)
Sa labas, habang ang mga kababayan ko ay hindi pa nakaka-recover sa sunod-sunod na bagyong pinasimulan ng Ondoy, ako, sa loob ng High Notes sa kanto ng Timog at Morato, ay naka-split sa stage, ini-impersonate si Beyoncé, kinakanta ang If I Were a Boy, theme song ng mga tomboy.
Melvin, Reine Arcache. The Betrayed (2018)
In their exile they knew that nothing could last, yet the family tried to feel at home in the new country.
Mendoza, A.A. III. Aklat ng mga Naiwan (2018)
Walang nagsusulat upang magpasupil.
Nolledo, Wilfrido D. But for the Lovers (1970)
He was beginning to eat flowers and the crescent moon was in his eyes when he awoke again.
Ong, Charlson. An Embarrassment of Riches (2000)
Oh! But for the waste, the awful waste!
Perez, Tony. Si Crispin (2012)
Madilim ang gabi.
Polotan, Kerima. The Hand of the Enemy (1962)
On Wednesdays, Emma Gorrez knew that as soon as she entered the shop, Isabelo, the cajista, would pull himself up from his shelf of types and look at her with his small bloodshot eyes, parting his lips in a dreary smile.
Posadas, Mano de Verdades. Hulagpos (1980)
Pilipinas, 1974.
Regalado, Iñigo Ed. Madaling-Araw (1909)
Puno ng tao ang Luneta.
Reyes, Edgardo M. Sa Mga Kuko ng Liwanag (1986)
Sa simula, siya'y isang kalansay na nakatalalan sa hangin.
Reyes, Jun Cruz. Tutubi, Tutubi, 'Wag Kang Magpahuli sa Mamang Salbahe (1987)
Hindi ako makaraan doon nang hindi mapapahinto at mag-iisip.
Rizal, Jose. Noli me tángere (1887)
A fines de Octubre, don Santiago de los Santos, conocido popularmente bajo del nombre de Capitan Tiago, daba una cena que, sin embargo de haberlo anunciado aquella tarde tan solo contra son costumbre, era ya el tema de todos las conversaciones en Binondo, en otros arrabales y hasta en Intramuros.
Rizal, Jose. El filibusterismo (1891)
En una mañana de Diciembre, el vapor TABO subía trabajosamente el tortuoso del Pasig conduciendo numerosos pasageros hácia la provincial de la Laguna.
Rizal, Jose. Makamisa (c. 1891-1892)
Tumigil ang tugtugan at natapos ang misa ni Pari Agaton.
Rosca, Ninotchka. Twice Blessed (1992)
The formal ball usually begins with the rigodón de honor, a quadrille by seven couples, six along the hall's length and one in the middle, underneath a ball of mirrors spinning in its axis, piercing space with the pink, blue, yellow and purple of reflected light, reflected images, its harsh brilliance an insubstantial waterfall spilling upon the dancing pairs, all drawn from high society, provided of course there are enough who can dance without tripping on their feet or causing the help to titter under their breath, otherwise dancers will have to be pulled in from the Women's School, where they train future society-page ladies and discreet prostitutes.
Santos, Bienvenido. The Praying Man (1982)
The President of the Philippines arrived late as usual.
Santos, Lope K. Banaag at Sikat (1906)
–Kailanman pong nagpakarami-rami ang taong umahon dito ay di gaya ngayon–anang isang taga-Antipulo sa ilang taga-Maynilang nanunuluyan sa kanyang bahay.
Sitoy, Lakambini. Sweet Haven (2015)
You see I didn't love you.
Syjuco, Miguel. Ilustrado (2010)
When the author's life of literature and exile reached its unscheduled terminus that anonymous February morning, he was close to completing the controversial book we'd all been waiting for.
Tuvera, Katrina. The Jupiter Effect (2006)
Gaby, the only Contreras daughter, was a difficult child to conceive.
Ty-Casper, Linda. The Peninsulars (1964)
In the early morning sun, the Mexican creoles standing guard on the forty-foot limestone walls appeared like bleached shadows.
Ty-Casper, Linda. Dread Empire (1980)
Past nine the night of Friday, September 21, Don Paco—having finished a large supper that began and ended with soup—turns on the porch radio for news from Manila.
Yabes, Criselda. Broken Islands (2019)
In my childhood I counted nine bridges.
Yuson, Alfred. Voyeurs and Savages (1998)
It was the farthest Chief Antonio had ever thrown his spear.
Q&A on "Tiempo Muerto"
Posted on August 21, 2019 by Caroline Hau
Q&A with ABS-CBN News Channel's Jam Pascual about Tiempo Muerto.
Tiempo Muerto: An Excerpt
Posted on July 30, 2019 by Caroline Hau
Town & Country (Philippines) features an excerpt from my novel, Tiempo Muerto.
Get our books at the UP Press or any branch of National Bookstore!
8 Local Lit Picks | 8List.ph on "Elites and Ilustrados in Philippine Culture"
Joseph Gil on Recommended Readings in Philippine Studies
In Memoriam: Edel Garcellano – jktan on In Memoriam: Edel Garcellano
Diego on About
Jacob Laneria on About the Books
Caroline Hau on In Memoriam: Edel Garcellano
Voltaire Oyzon on In Memoriam: Edel Garcellano
In Memoriam: Edel Garcellano – Jacob Laneria on In Memoriam: Edel Garcellano
Tita Wants to Do Things, Part 2: Chinese-Filipino Youth Theatre – LETTERS FROM TITA on On F. Sionil Jose's Antiquated Racial Nationalism
Bernard Go on A Lauriat of Chinese-Filipino Dishes
Featuring "Tiempo Muerto: A Novel"
Tiempo Muerto: A Novel
A Lauriat of Chinese-Filipino Dishes
Coming Soon: "Demigods and Monsters: Stories"
On F. Sionil Jose's Antiquated Racial Nationalism
The Zealotry of Racists Like Vergel Santos
Solita Monsod is a Racist Enabler
Why I Distrust Solita Monsod's "Why Filipinos Distrust China"
2019 EuroSEAS Conference Berlin: Call for Papers
The Feast of All Saints
Melmoth in Manila
Recs #2


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52 yrs old Drama Teacher (Individual Tuition ) Rey Breyfogle from Cowansville, has several pursuits that include beach tanning, . and operating on cars. Last month very recently made a journey to and Environs.


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Medical Cannabis and Epilepsy
Medicinal Cannabis Australia » Australia Medicinal Cannabis News » Epilepsy » Medical Cannabis and Epilepsy
Is Medicinal Cannabis Effective For Treating Epilepsy?
The potential effects of cannabis medicines on epilepsy symptoms has been thrown into the limelight in recent years after numerous anecdotes emerging from around the globe. Viral reports of children with intractable epilepsy showing dramatic improvement when taking cannabinoid medicines (CBD oil and THC) have encouraged further research into whether medical cannabis oil does indeed scientifically prove to have anti-convulsant or anti-epileptic effects, in both children and adults.
Epilepsy Success Stories Accelerate Law Reform
In 2013 the story of Charlotte Figi went viral after her parents shared Charlotte's success in using a high CBD, hemp-based formulation. Charlotte went from having 300 grand-mal seizures per week, to around 2-3 per month. Her cognitive and developmental milestones have been up-trending steadily since then.
More recently Billy Caldwell of the UK was the first person to be prescribed medicinal cannabis for his severe epilepsy since 1971 when it was outlawed. For many patients, legal hoops and barriers still stand in place of consistent and easeful access to treatment. Yet, these cases, as well as others such as Ava Barry and Leni Young have sparked a compassionate streak in researchers and politicians alike, instigating unprecedented special access opportunities and reclassification of cannabis regulations in a number of countries and states of the USA.
Such rapid changes in laws would have been unlikely to occur in any other context. With the suffering of the youngest and most vulnerable in our societies, governments and scientists around the world are making efforts to accelerate regulatory changes and encourage clinical trials.
More Epilepsy Clinical Trials Needed
Many have raised concerns regarding the THC content of medical cannabis treatments for epilepsy as well as potential long-term effects, especially regarding treating children. Such apprehensions are being addressed by researchers through thorough documentation of adverse reactions and by conducting trials and follow-up of extended periods of time.
Evidenced-based CBD oil Research So Far
Preclinical mechanistic studies largely confirm CBD oil is the major compound that contributes to the efficacy in treating drug-resistant epilepsy. Animal models show promising results in protecting the brain from induced seizures and have anti-convulsant action, reducing the frequency and severity of seizures. Human trials have shown varied success rates, yet across the board, significant changes in seizure frequency and quality of life scores have been documented.
Seizure Frequency Can Be Affected By Medicinal Cannabis
Randomised controlled trials have shown between 40-65% of patients were responding with greater than 50% seizure reduction. Across a number of trials, a smaller percentage of participants reported 50-90% seizure reductions, with some studies also reporting numerous seizure-free days.
Any reduction in seizures is welcome news and when assessed in relation to positive changes in quality of life measures, both aspects increase in significance. Meaningful, if not statistically significant, changes in physical activity, cognition, mood, social skills and speech have been noted by caretakers in epilepsy specific quality-of-life questionnaires.
Side-Effects and Safety Weighed
While some trials haven't shown such glowing outcomes and highlight the need for more controlled studies of the therapeutic efficacy of medicinal cannabis, adverse effects have included somnolence, diarrhea and appetite loss. In light of negative side effects from current pharmaceutical treatment, most researchers and caregivers consider the adverse effects of medical cannabis treatment to be manageable.
Evidence also suggests that mediation of the endocannabinoid system has strong promise in increasing positive treatment outcomes however, the mechanisms behind this have not yet been fully elucidated.
Cannabis and Epilepsy in Australia
Epilepsy is one of the few indications that the Australian government provides specific guidance for, in relation to treating with medical cannabis. In May 2021, a drug called Epidyolex was added to the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) list, as recommended by their Advisory Committee for the treatment of Dravet syndrome. Dravet syndrome is a rare and severe form of epilepsy that affects children in the first year of life and is resistant to traditional therapies. The listing of Epidyolex is the first time in Australia's history that a medicinal cannabis product became subsidised by the PBS. The listing is estimated to benefit 116 epilepsy patients every year in Australia.
Ethics Approval Granted to ACR and MGC for CBD Clinical Study
Applied Cannabis Research, along with MGC Pharmaceuticals, last year announced the impending commencement of investigations into MGC's CannEpil. This trial has been given ethics approval and will investigate the efficacy of the CannEpil compared with a 100% CBD formulation.
Read more about how ACR and CA Clinics will be involved in this exciting research, as well as an endorsement from one of Australia's leading advocacy bodies for epilepsy, Epilepsy Action Australia.
Some media reports have labelled medical cannabis as a panacea for a wide range of indications. It should not be mistaken, medical cannabis is definitely not a cure-all however, it may offer prospective options for conditions with otherwise difficult symptoms to treat.
Australia Medicinal Cannabis News
Is CBD oil good for stress?
Is CBD oil good for stress? The Covid 19 pandemic has moved mental health to the very centre of our collective consciousness. Under the influence
Vaping in Australia with a Prescription
As nicotine vaping laws change in Australia and CBD vape products expand in international markets, many questions are arising about prescription vaping CBD in Australia
PrevPreviousMedicinal Cannabis and Anxiety
NextEndocannabinoid SystemNext
CA Clinics is dedicated to providing the latest updates on Australia's medicinal cannabis industry, with regulations evolving constantly. We hope that this ensures patient safety and the highest quality care.
Approvals for medicinal cannabis prescriptions hit "record high"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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China Conducts 2 Launches in 6 Hours From Same Spaceport
China launched two Kuaizhou-1A (KZ-1A) rockets with a total of seven satellites aboard within six hours of each other from the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center on Saturday.
The first rocket placed the Jilin-1 Gaofen 02B remote sensing satellite into orbit. Plans call for an initial constellation of 60 Jilin satellites in order, with the number growing to 138 by 2030.
The second launch carried six satellites:
HEAD-2A and HEAD-2B — The first two satellites in the Skywalker Constellation, which is designed to provide environmental monitoring, emergency communications, and material supervision for ships and aircraft. The satellites belong to the HEAD Aerospace Technology Co. of Beijing.
Spacety-16 and Spacety-17 — The medium-resolution remote sensing satellites will provide agricultural, disaster, maritime and polar equipment monitoring services. They were developed by the Changsha Tianyi Space Science and Technology Research Institute Co. for Spacety Co.
Tianqi-4A and Tianqi-4B — The Internet of Things satellites will provide data transmission, emergency communications and material tracking. The spacecraft are operated by Guodian Gaoke.
Launches of the solid-fuel KZ-1A booster are managed by Expace, which is a subsidiary of the China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation. The rocket is used to launch small satellites.
CASIC, Changsha Tianyi Space Science and Technology Research Institute, China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation, Expace, Guodian Gaoke, Kuaizhou 1A, Skywalker Constellation, SpaceTY, Taiyuan Satellite Launch Centre
Crew Dragon In-flight Abort Test Set for January
NSRC-2020 Call for Abstracts


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Arnaldo Iván Jiménez Valle (born December 10, 1965) is a Puerto Rican politician affiliated with the New Progressive Party (PNP). He was a member of the Puerto Rico House of Representatives from 2009 to 2013, representing District 15.

Early years and studies

Arnaldo Iván Jiménez Valle was born in Arecibo on December 10, 1965. He is the oldest of two siblings. He began his studies at the Colegio La Milagrosa in Arecibo, and finished high school at the Trina Padilla de Sanz High School. From an early age, he worked as a paperboy for El Nuevo Día. When he was 16 years old, he worked at Wendy's restaurant.

Jiménez completed a Bachelor's degree in Business Administration, with a major in Accounting, from the University of Puerto Rico at Arecibo.

Professional career

Jiménez worked as an Emergency Room Coordinator at Hospital Dr. Susoni in Arecibo. After that, he worked as head teller at Ponce Bank, and later Chief of Accounting at International Insurance. He also worked as Manager at RG Premier Bank.

At one point, Jiménez started his own business called North Insurance Finance, until he decided to join the family business: Arcadio Auto Import, Inc. He worked there for 15 years, until he was approached to be a public servant.

Political career
Jiménez was first elected to the House of Representatives of Puerto Rico at the 2008 general election. During that term, he presided the Commission of Agriculture, and served as Vicepresident of the Commission of Recreation. He was also a member of the Commissions of Health, Economic Development, and Public Safety, among others.

Jiménez ran again for senator, in 2020.

Personal life

Jiménez is married, and has lived in Hatillo with his family since 2003.

Jiménez is an avid softball player.

References

External links
Arnaldo Jiménez Official biography

Living people
1965 births
New Progressive Party (Puerto Rico) politicians
New Progressive Party members of the House of Representatives of Puerto Rico
People from Arecibo, Puerto Rico

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Environmental Toxins in Dallas – Myth or Major Problem?
Showering, bathing, brushing your teeth – our water is full of chlorine and fluorine, which are known to cause health issues over time.
Driving to and from work and school – smog, car exhaust fumes, even pollution in the air cause breathing issues, not to mention how many toxins you are inhaling.
Drinking water – PCB and phthalates from plastics are known to cause all types of medical issues, including cancer. PCBs are also in all types of plastic containers, so simply microwaving your lunch or storing hot food in a plastic container can be bad for you.
Enjoying a nice dinner – if you decided to order the fish, you may be getting more mercury than you bargained for. Plus, mercury is a byproduct of mining, causing higher levels than normally created by the earth.
The best way to determine if environmental toxins cause your symptoms is to undergo immune-specific blood work (IgG, IgM, AND IgA) – such as we offer here at Van Family Chiropractic and Wellness Center. The results will allow your doctor to determine exactly what is going on internally. Then it is time to work up a thorough personalized treatment plan.
Treatment plans cannot be one-size-fits-all and still be effective. The personalization ensures you get the best treatment. After all, you have not been in the exactly same environment or carry the same genes as your next-door neighbor. Each person has ingested different foods, been in different areas of the world, and grown up in different environments.
For example, mold is a toxin that can cause all sorts of symptoms. Two people living in the same house may have had similar environmental toxins in their system, but one reacts harshly and the other doesn't even know mold exists. The reason for the difference in reactions can only be found via a personalized treatment plan. Many doctors will advise removing the chemicals through harsh chelation, detoxes, or toxin-pulling therapies, but a person may not be healthy enough to undergo these types of therapies; and will consequently get worse. Some of these therapies, if done to the wrong patient, can even cause permanent illness and damage. It is best to take a whole-body approach to identifying toxins and apply a treatment plan designed specifically for each patient.
The symptoms are so similar to other diseases and conditions, it is important to receive immune-specific blood work testing for environmental toxins. Through the testing and treatment plan, you can begin to repair any damage done by environmental toxins here in Dallas or North Texas and get back on the path to good health.
Time Change Making You Feel S.A.D.?


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N Scale - Minitrix - 11145 - Freight Train, European, Electric, Epoch V - Deutsche Bahn - Starter Set
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Brand Minitrix
Manufacturer Minitrix
Production Type Regular Production
Body Style Minitrix Train Set Europe
Prototype Type Freight Train, European, Electric, Epoch V (Details)
Road or Company Name Deutsche Bahn (Details)
Reporting Marks DB
Road or Reporting Number Starter Set
Paint Color(s) Orient Red
Coupler Type Rapido Hook
Wheel Type Chemically Blackened Metal
Wheel Profile Small Flange (Low Profile)
Multipack Yes
Multipack Count 3
Multipack ID Number 11416
Announcement Date 2018-01-01
Item Category Starter Sets
Model Type Electric
Model Subtype Freight
Model Variety 3-Unit
Prototype Region Europe
Prototype Era Epoch V (1985-2000)
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Specific Item Information: The locomotive frame is constructed of die-cast metal. The locomotive has a DCC-Selectrix decoder and a 5-pole motor with a flywheel. The headlights change over with the direction of travel. 4 axles powered. Traction tires. The cars have close coupler mechanisms. The set includes a switched mode power pack and a wireless infrared controller. The oval of track includes Radius 2 curved track. Space required: 110 x 50 cm / 44" x 20". Total length over the buffers for the train approximately 366 mm / 14-3/8".
Prototype History:
Rail freight transport is the use of railroads and trains to transport cargo as opposed to human passengers. A freight train or goods train is a group of freight cars (US) or goods wagons (International Union of Railways) hauled by one or more locomotives on a railway, transporting cargo all or some of the way between the shipper and the intended destination as part of the logistics chain. Trains may haul bulk material, intermodal containers, general freight or specialized freight in purpose-designed cars. Rail freight practices and economics vary by country and region.
When considered in terms of ton-miles or tonne-kilometers hauled per unit of energy consumed, rail transport can be more efficient than other means of transportation. Maximum economies are typically realized with bulk commodities (e.g., coal), especially when hauled over long distances. However, shipment by rail is not as flexible as by the highway, which has resulted in much freight being hauled by truck, even over long distances. Moving goods by rail often involves transshipment costs, particularly when the shipper or receiver lack direct rail access. These costs may exceed that of operating the train itself, a factor that practices such as containerization aim to minimize.
Road Name History:
Deutsche Bahn AG (abbreviated as DB, DB AG or DBAG) is a German railway company. Headquartered in Berlin, it is a private joint-stock company (AG), with the Federal Republic of Germany being its single shareholder. Deutsche Bahn describes itself as the second-largest transport company in the world, after the German postal and logistics company Deutsche Post / DHL, and is the largest railway operator and infrastructure owner in Europe. It carries about two billion passengers each year.
Deutsche Bahn (literally "German Railway" in German) came into existence in 1994 as the successor to the former state railways of Germany, the Deutsche Bundesbahn ("German Federal Railway") of West Germany and the Deutsche Reichsbahn ("German Empire Railway") of East Germany. It also gained ownership of former railway assets in West Berlin held by the Verwaltung des ehemaligen Reichsbahnvermögens (Administration of the Former Reichsbahn Assets).
Brand/Importer Information:
Trix is a German company that originally made Trix metal construction sets. one of its co-founders was Stephan Bing, the son of the pioneer toy-maker industrialist Ignaz Bing. In 1935 the company began producing the electrically powered model trains that it became famous for, under the Trix Express label. Prior to the outbreak of World War II the Trix company produced a small range of fairly unrealistic AC powered three rail models running at 14 volts.
N gauge models under the Minitrix brand were made from the late 1960s mostly of European prototypes (German and British primarily). North American prototypes were also manufactured and marketed under the Aurora "Postage Stamp" brand; later these items were sold under the American Tortoise, Model Power and Con-Cor brands. Trix sometimes utilized North American consultants to aid in the design of this portion of the product line. The "Hornby Minitrix' brand was used in the 1980s for a short lived range of British outline models using the earlier product tooling.
Trix's owner in the 1980s and 1990s was Mangold, which went bankrupt in the late 1990s and Märklin purchased the assets in January 1997. In part, this purchase was a reflection of Märklin's need for added production capacity; Trix had been manufacturing certain items for Märklin in previous years. The purchase was also in response to the earlier purchase of the Karl Arnold company by the Italian company Rivarossi; Märklin were very keen to take over Trix market share in 2-rail H0 and especially Minitrix, until then Märklin had not marketed N gauge models. In 2003, Märklin introduced its first N gauge models under the well established Minitrix brand. A number Märklin H0 scale three-rail AC locomotives have also been introduced in two-rail DC versions under the Trix logo and many models are shared between the two brands.
Item created by: gdm on 2018-10-19 10:14:22
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Sky confirms Joshua vs Parker will be first 4K boxing fight
By Becky Roberts
Blood, sweat and tears in four times the resolution of HD - yours for £20.
On 31st March, the Anthony Joshua v Joseph Parker unification fight (and the evening's undercard fights) will be streamed live in 4K by Sky Sports. It will be the first time pay-per-view boxing has been shown in Ultra HD.
That means Sky Q customers with a 4K TV, Sky Q 2TB box and a multiscreen subscription will be able to buy (opens in new tab) the 4K event from the Sky Sports Box Office for £19.95 - the same price as the HD broadcast.
While Sky is already broadcasting Premier League football in Dolby Atmos, and included the surround sound format in some of its Sky Store's 4K movies, Atmos won't be available for this event.
Sky kicked off its 4K broadcasting in August 2016 with Premier League football and has since expanded its 4K sport coverage to F1 and Test cricket. Sky will continue to broadcast select England cricket fixtures in Ultra HD throughout the summer of 2018.
Sky Q to get HDR update, double 4K offering and Spotify
7 things we learned about Sky Sports Ultra HD
Dolby Atmos comes to Sky Cinema and Sky Store 4K films
Sky Soundbox review
5 things we learned watching BT Sport Ultra HD with Dolby Atmos
Becky Roberts
Becky is the managing editor of What Hi-Fi? and, since her recent move to Melbourne, also the editor of Australian Hi-Fi magazine. During her eight years in the hi-fi industry, she has been fortunate enough to travel the world to report on the biggest and most exciting brands in hi-fi and consumer tech (and has had the jetlag and hangovers to remember them by). In her spare time, Becky can often be found running, watching Liverpool FC and horror movies, and hunting for gluten-free cake.
Best TV 2023: brilliant budget to premium 4K Ultra HD TVs


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HomeFlee, Be Silent, Pray: Ancient Prayers for Anxious Christians
Ed Cyzewski grew up in a restrictive Catholic Church, immersed himself in the hard-working world of evangelical Christianity as the path to knowing God, and then graduated seminary uncertain about praying or finding God.
The Christian contemplative tradition, primarily preserved in monasteries through practices such as centering prayer, was the answer he didn't want to find. If his faith was going to survive, he needed to move beyond his past grudges in order to learn Christian meditation and contemplative prayer from Catholic teachers.
Read a sample of the Introduction.
Order the updated version with Herald Press Now for $8.49 on Kindle:
Order the print version at Herald Press for 25% off using the code FBP25 at checkout.
"Ed Cyzewski is reaching back into the history of Christian practice to recover a contemplative tradition. If you're looking for a still point in our turning world—the silence at the heart of faithful action—you should read this book."
—Jonathan Wilson-Hartgrove, author of Reconstructing the Gospel
"If you find yourself in a prayer rut, if you find your prayer life dying on the vine, pick up Flee, Be Silent, Pray and discover the freedom of contemplative prayer."
—Seth Haines, author of Coming Clean
"Rooted in history and ancient practices and grounded in both current politics and religious movements, Flee, Be Silent, Pray is incredibly relevant in an age of turmoil and anxiety. It's a book I will turn to time and time again."
—D. L. Mayfield, author of Assimilate or Go Home
"I hope evangelicals discover the contemplative prayer practices that Ed Cyzewski introduces in this fine book and incorporate them into their lives. . . . Flee, Be Silent, Pray is like a toolkit of implements we all can use to shape our souls and change the world."
—Jon M. Sweeney, author of The Pope's Cat series, from foreword
"This is a book that gives space for believers who need more than answers and certainties. This is a book for believers who want to find the presence of God in both life and death."
—Caleb Wilde, author of Confessions of a Funeral Director
"This book will challenge and change you. . . . In the end you will have discovered that, instead of a typical how-to book, you have encountered a written icon: a window into God, allowing for deeper intimacy and understanding."
—Tara Owens, author of Embracing the Body and At Play in God's Creation
"With gentle and hard-won wisdom, Ed Cyzewski opens our eyes to the ways our culture—both the secular and the Christian—has created 'raw materials for anxiety production.' His offering to anxious Christians is beautifully simple: ancient paths that reveal and heal."
—Christiana N. Peterson, author of Mystics and Misfits
What if prayer could be simple rather than strenuous? Anxious, results-driven Christians can never pray enough, serve enough, or study enough. But what if God is calling us not to frenzied activity but to a simple spiritual encounter? What if we must merely receive what God has already given us?
In Flee, Be Silent, Pray, writer and contemplative retreat leader Ed Cyzewski guides readers out of the anxiety factory of contemporary Christianity and toward a God whose love astounds those quiet long enough to receive it.
With helpful guidance into solitude, contemplative prayer, and practices such as lectio divina and the Examen, Cyzewski guides readers toward the Christ whose yoke is easy and whose burden is light.
Order on Amazon for $8.49
More About This Book's Use of Contemplative Prayer
Contemplative prayer goes beyond the limits of Bible study and experiences the loving presence of God described in the scriptures. While scripture and spiritual disciplines have their place, Cyzewski learned that the unstoppable love of God forms the foundation of all Christian spirituality, and that daily contemplative prayer helps us rest in God's loving presence.
Using Henrí Nouwen's The Way of the Heart to highlight the three movements into contemplation with the words flee, be silent, pray, Cyzewski found what it means to quiet his religious anxiety by resting in the love of God. Anxious Christians on the brink of losing their faith will find an accessible path toward using this simple, proven approach to daily prayer.


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Welcome to Our Department!
Welcome to the Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders at the University of Maine. Our mission is to promote excellence in academic and clinical education, scholarship, and service in Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology.
Information for Undergraduate Students
Information for Graduate Students
Unique Opportunities
CSD Scholarships
Accreditation For Speech Language Pathology Program – October 27 and October 28th, 2022
Associate Professor/Department Chair
Undergraduate Students Win CUGR Awards
Dr. Patricia Poirier, Professor of Nursing, is serving as Interim Department Chair for the 2021 – 2023 year. patricia.poirier@maine.edu
Booth Wins Award for Public Service
5724 Dunn Hall Orono, ME 04469-5724
Tel: 207.581.2006 Fax: 207.581.2060 um.csd@maine.edu


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"The Clarinet Polka" or "A Hupfata" (Polish "Polka Dziadek", Estonian "Vanaisa polka" – Grandpa Polka) is a popular musical composition from the end of the 19th century. Since 1971 it has been used as an opener in Lato z Radiem − one of the most popular shows of Polskie Radio Program I.
The piece, performed (as its name implies) as a polka, has a simple and catchy melody, featuring a prominent extended eight-note arpeggio. It is typically performed in B-flat major.

According to Polskie Radio Program I, the music was created in Austria by a composer named A. Humpfat. Other sources claim that "The Clarinet Polka" was written under the name "Dziadunio Polka" by the Polish composer Karol Namysłowski.

References

External links
  - Bavarian version of Clarinet Polka recorded in 1905, one of the oldest in the world
  - the most popular version of Clarinet Polka in Poland, by Polskie Radio

Polkas


INTRODUCTION: Over the last half century, many bridge experts have recognized that major problems existed with the so-called Standard American bridge bidding system. Two of the major problems were that strong hands required an opening bid at the two-level and that strong hands by responder required a jump shift, often to the three-level. All too often, by the time the fit was found, no room was left for the exploration of side suits and shape that are often the determinant of success at slam. What was needed was a means of forcing the action at a lower level so that a better exchange of information could take place concerning game or slam before the partnership got too high in the bidding. Clever minds solve problems; over the years top bridge players invented a variety of bids to help with these problems. Among these conventions are reverses, jump shifts by opener, the strong (18-19 HCP) raise to 2NT by opener over a one-level bid by responder, new minor forcing, fourth suit forcing, inverted minors, maximal doubles, just to name a few. The invention of 1NT forcing and two-over-one methods mesh well with these forcing conventions. So does Standard American.
Some holdings were still difficult to describe, usually when a strong hand faced a weak hand and the strong hand did not meet the strength or shape requirements for an existing forcing bid. For example, perhaps opener has 21 HCP but not the shape for a strong forcing opener (2C) and responder has 5 HCP and passes the opening one-bid. A second example would be where opener has 16 HCP and a weak 6-card major or a strong 5-card major, but not quite enough values to make an invitational bid (three of the major, 2NT) or 17 HCP but not the shape for a reverse. These hands could be passed out prematurely.
Other bidding systems such as the Schenken Big Club, methods of the Italian Blue Team, and Precision also solved some of the problems encountered by all bridge players. Their methodology was to show big hands with a 1C opener and to make a determination based on partner's response of whether a game was probable based on this initial point count. If so, exploration could be conducted in relative safety to find the best fit.
What follows is a bidding system common to many in use today that combines the principles of Standard American, Two-Over-One, and a strong, artificial, and forcing 1C opening bid. This system solves many, if not all, of the remaining bidding problems that still exist without such a system.
GENERAL CONCEPTS: This bidding system is based on early determination of the partnership's point count and, under certain circumstances, on early description of distribution. There are two main advantages of the 1C opener: to match a strong hand with a weak hand where game points are in the combined hands but where there are no obvious suit fits that allow the partnership to comfortably keep the bidding open while searching for the fit. By definition, if the hand is so strong that game is likely even if partner has a hand that might be passed first round (4-5 points), open with a forcing bid of 1C. A second purpose is to limit opener's strength so responder can start finding a stopping place before getting overboard. If partner open with any one-level bid other than 1C, partner holds no more than 16 HCP. Therefore, a jump in opener's suit, a jump shift, or a reverse is limited to 15-16 HCP (the hand should have some additional value in shape–a short suit, for instance). Knowing that partner opened with 1D, 1H, or 1S and then made a jump shift, strongly inviting game helps the weaker hand to better evaluate the potential of the two hands.
~Any positive response to a 1C opener.
~A "splinter" response to partner's one-level opener in a major suit.
~3NT over partner's major-suit opener.
~A "two over one" response to partner's one-level major suit opener.
Following these bids, and if not vulnerable, the partnership should compete vigorously for game. No game bid if NV would be overly dangerous. Neither partner should pass short of game unless vulnerable and subsequent bidding has devalued the holding or the opponents have overbid and a rewarding penalty is possible.
If responder has passed partner's opener, neither partner should reenter the bidding if vulnerable unless at the upper end of the point count previously shown or in the balancing seat. If NV, some discretion is allowed.
~1 Club: 17+ HCP (or 7 ½ + Quick Tricks), says nothing about clubs.
~1 Diamond: 11-16 HCP and no 5-card major, could he as short as a void in diamonds.
~1 Heart or 1 Spade: 10-16 HCP and at least 5 cards in the suit. With less than 13 HCP, the hand must meet the requirements of the Rule of Twenty except in 3rd seat. Any hand that contains sufficient strength that a game is likely opposite 4-5 HCP should be opened 1C except a hand worthy of a 2C opening bid.
~1 No Trump: 12-14 HCP and no five card major suit.
~1D: < 9 HCP. If holding < about 3-5 HCP and 6+ cards in a major, make a weak jump shift to two of the major.
~2C: 9+ HCP and 5+ clubs. Does not deny a 4-card major.
~2D: 9+ HCP and 5+ diamonds. Does not deny a 4-card major.
~2H: 3-4 HCP and 6+ hearts, a weak jump shift.
~2S: 3-4 HCP and 6+ spades, a weak jump shift.
~2NT: 13-16 HCP (no 5-card major) and systems ON.
~3C: 4-4-4-1 shape, 9+ HCP and a singleton or void in the suit bid. With 4-4-5-0 shape, bid the 5-card suit at the one level if it is a major.
~3D: 4-4-1-4 shape, 9+ HCP and a singleton or void in the suit bid. With 4-4-5-0 shape, bid the 5-card suit at the one level if it is a major.
~3H/3S: 4-4-4-1 shape, 9+ HCP and a singleton in the suit bid.
~3NT: 17+ HCP (no 5-card major) and systems Off.
Responder may bid 1NT, 2NT, or 3NT directly over 1C. Over 1NT and 2NT, play systems ON. Over 3NT, 4C is Stayman and 4NT is Blackwood.
~1NT: 18-19 HCP and balanced and Systems ON.
~2C (after 1C-1D): shows a big, unbalanced hand that contains 22+ HCP (unbalanced or 8 ½ + QT with length in the suit bid. Opener will be 1-suited or two-suited. Respond showing Controls.
~3C/3D/3H/3S shows 20+ HCP and a three-suited hand with no 5-card major and a splinter in the suit bid.
After opener has shown a more definitive point count, the problem is to find the best fit and the appropriate contract. Responder bids 1NT over either 1H or 1S to show a very weak hand with no significant shape. Over 1C-1D-1H, responder may bid 1S to show a 4-card spade suit (or longer) and weakness (less than an invitational hand of 7-8 HCP). Keep the bidding at the one-level. Otherwise, holding invitational points , responder enters the NBC System: Note that the values for an invitational bid by a responder who has bid 1D over 1C changes depending on whether opener bids 1H to show 17-19 HCP, 1S to show 20-21 HCP (unbalanced), 1NT to show 18-19 HCP (balanced) or 2NT to show 20-21 HCP (balanced). Over 1H, responder needs 7-8 HCP to bid at the 2-lvl; over 1S, he needs 5-8 HCP—invitational points add up to 24 or more opposite opener's lowest possible count. Thus, every invitational bid is forcing to game in a major suit contract unless a misfit exists and is invitational to a minor suit or NT game contact. An invitational bid is forcing to at least the 3-lvl.
~2C: asks opener to bid a 4-card major but may also represent a club suit of 5+cards. With clubs, responder will next bid 3C.
~2D: denies a 4-card major and may have 5+ diamonds. To show a 2-suited hand in the minors without a 4-card major, bid 2D and then respond with 3C unless holding 2+ more clubs than diamonds. A 2D bid is preferred if responder has 3-cards in a major—an 8-card major suit fit may exist. Over 2D, opener would bid a 5-card major (2H or 2S) to explore for an 8-card fit. With 2-2-5-4 shape, responder must decide whether to bid 2D or 2NT. 2NT would deny a 3-card major suit, however, the right cards in the two-card suits may suggest a 2NT bid.
~2H: 5+ hearts with similar comments about point count.
~2S: 5+ spades and similar comments about point count.
~2NT: meets none of the other distribution bids (shows a balanced hand).
< ~3C/3D/3H/3S: A hand of 6+ cards and less than invitational points. This is the method for responder to make a weak jump shift in a minor suit. Take vulnerability into account before making the bid. Holding less than invitational points and a 5-card spade suit, consider bidding 1S first (1C-1D, 1H-1S), then rebid the suit if given a chance.
When opener has 11-16 HCP and no 5-card major, an artificial bid of 1D should be made. A 1D bid does not promise any diamonds, but since we use the Precision 2D opener, the 1D bid will usually show 2+ diamonds. The bidding after a 1D opener is 2/1. Responder will bid with 6+ points. An immediate raise of 1D to 2D by responder is Inverted Minors and should show 4+ diamonds with a stopper, 10+ HCP, and initiate the IM process. The IM bid of 3D usually shows 6 diamonds (or 5 good diamonds), as opener does not promise any diamonds. A bid of 1NT, then supporting diamonds may be the best response.
An Inverted Minors bid in clubs is not needed as 1C-2C shows a responder hand with 9+ HCP and 5+ clubs, essentially the same holding as the IM bid of 2C. A 3NT contract should be found in subsequent bidding if such a contract is indicated.
If the bidding has gone 1D-1NT, 2C-(opponents pass), responder should not raise to the three-level even with a club fit unless holding invitational points of 10+ HCP since opener is known to have no more than 16 HCP. When opening 1D with a 4-card or better club suit, opener will often have the choices of 1NT or 2C on the second bid. Partner's response and the makeup of the hand will dictate the bid.
~Redouble: Less than 9 HCP but good club support.
~Double: 9+ HCP and a takeout. Bidder needs to force but cannot cue-bid.
~Suit bid: 5-8 HCP and 5-card suit.
~1N (9+ HCP and holds the A of the overcalled suit.
~2NT (opponent overcalled at the 2-lvl): 7-8 HCP and stoppers.
~2NT (opponent overcalled at the 1-level): 5+ HCP and Unusual No-Trump distribution. Note–the Unusual NT bid is still a jump to 2NT.
</strong ~Cue-bid of enemy suit shows 9+ HCP, is for takeout, promises the ace of the enemy suit, and is forcing. Note: the only forcing bids (9+ HCP) after a suit overcall are a double or a NT bid.
~If responder doubles an overcall and opener then bids 1NT, it shows stoppers in the enemy suit. Play systems ON.
~Over 1H, bid 1S (20-21 HCP), or 1NT (18-19 HCP) or 2NT (20-21 HCP) to show the higher point count. However, a double of 1H is not needed to show 17-19 HCP, as failing to bid 1S or 1 NT does that–so play the double as negative, showing 4 spades. If unable to double or bid 1S/1NT, opener may pass or make an NBC bid as his hand warrants. Over a second-round pass by opener, responder may bid if the hand warrants it.
~Over 1S, bid 1NT to show the balance and higher point count. Double to show 20-21 HCP. Otherwise, pass or make an NBC bid based on the merits of the hand.
~Double for penalty. Opener may pull the double. A few large losses by the opponents will limit the overcalls made just as interference.


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Q: Passing an array with redirect. Problems with »reload«. Framework is Laravel. I am passing an array with the redirect method from a controller like this:
$serializeThrowsArray = serialize($throwsArray);
return redirect()->route('pages.result')
    ->with( ['serializeThrowsArray' => $serializeThrowsArray] );

to a named route:
Route::get('/result', ['as' => 'pages.result', function() {

    $serializeThrowsArray = session()->get('serializeThrowsArray');
    $throwsArray = unserialize($serializeThrowsArray);

    return view('pages.result', ['throwsArray' =>$throwsArray]);
}]);

which loads the next page:
@section('content')
    @foreach ($throwsArray as $throw)
    {{$throw}},
    @endforeach
@endsection

Everything work as it should, except when i hit F5(reload) and get the next error msg: "Invalid argument supplied for foreach()" and the next code is higlighted:
<?php $__currentLoopData = $throwsArray; $__env->addLoop($__currentLoopData);
foreach($__currentLoopData as $throw): $__env->incrementLoopIndices(); $loop
= $__env->getLastLoop(); ?>

I know is a problem with session-flash that has been cleared. Is there a work around or another way to pass an array with redirect?

A: Try
return->view('pages.result')

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


This collection contains the papers of Eleanor C. Donnelly, 1838-1917. She was a figure on the Philadelphia Literary scene. She was a known as "The Poet of the Pure Soul", and was also a contributor to numerous Catholic magazines and newspapers. She edited the Augustinian magazine "Our Lady of Good Counsel" for a period and wrote over 85 books. This collection contains correspondence to and from her, largely from priests and Bishops throughout the United States in answer to her requests for facsimiles of episcopal seals. As well as a manuscript containing signatures of American Confederate prisoners of war held at the Johnston's Island prison. Items are arranged in sequential order. (For more information about this American Civil War item, please see the Johnson's Island Preservation Society's page on POW Autograph Books.) The bulk of the materials date from 1873-1898.
Autographs of C.S.A. prisoners taken during the Civil War and held at Johnsons Island.
Letter, To: "Ma Cheri Demoiselle" (Miss E. Donnelly) From: Barbelini January 16, 1887.
Letter, To: "Dear Miss Donnelly" From: James Donnelly, Bishop of Clogher, June 8, 1888.
Letter, To: "My Dear Dear Miss Donnelly" From: Mrs. M. A. Sadlier, June 29, 1873.
by Sadlier, M. A., Mrs.
Letter, To: "My Dear Dear Miss Donnelly" From: Miss Eliza Allen Starr, February 14, 1887.
Letter, To: "To Miss Eleanor C. Donnelly", From: Adelaide d' ... October 21, 1887.
Letter, To: "Dear E.", From: Rev. Jos. M. Ardia, S.J., September 27, 1874.
Letter, To: "My dear Eleanor", From: Mary Agnes Gibert, July 30, 1873.
Letter, To: "My dear Miss Donnelly", From: "Mrs. Francis M. Drexel", June 14, 1882.
by Drexel, Francis Martin, 1792-1863.
Letter, To: "Dear Miss Donnelly", From: "Charles ...", July 21, 1902.
Letter, To: "Dear Eleanor", From: "Rt. Rev. Eugene O'Connell", 1888.
Letter, To: "Dear Miss Donnelly", From: "Sebastian Cardinal Martinelli", April 28, 1901.
by Martinelli, Sebastian, O.S.A., Cardinal.
Letter, To: "Dear Miss Donnelly", From: "Rt. Rev. [Moriarity?]", June 23, 1873.
Letter, To: "Dear Miss Donnelly", From: "P. A. Neno, O.S.A.", January 12, 1881.
by Neno, P. A., O.S.A.
Letter, To: "My Dear Miss Donnelly", From: "M. J. O'Farrell, Bsp. of Trenton", April 16, 1889.
Letter, To: "My Dear Miss Donnelly", From: "James O'Connor", June 18, 1873.
Letter, To: "My Dear Miss Donnelly", From: Archbishop Patrick Ryan, January 12, 1887.
by Ryan, Patrick J., 1884-1911.
Letter, To: "My Dear Miss Donnelly", From: Rt. Rev. Archbishop Patrick J. Ryan, April 22, 1894.
Letter, To: "Dear Miss Donnelly", From: Rt. Rev. Archbishop Patrick J. Ryan, July 1898.
Letter, To: "My Dear Miss Donnelly", From: E. Sorin, December 26, 1885.


text:
Home / Posts tagged "pioneer award"
Artist & Manager Awards 2015 Sponsored by DICE – Tickets On Sale Now!
The MMF and FAC are pleased to announce that the Artist and Manager Awards will return for its fourth incarnation at the Troxy on Thursday 26th March 2015 and will be sponsored by DICE. The first award recipient to be announced is Imogen Heap, who will be given the Pioneer Award, which recognises her consistently bold Read More
The Artist and Manager Awards 2014 Sponsored by Spotify: Peter Grant and Pioneer Award Recipients Announced
The MMF is pleased to announce that Paul Loasby has been awarded the prestigious Peter Grant Award for artists' management. Paul's career included being a social secretary and promoter before starting his artist management career in 1986. He currently manages Jools Holland, David Gilmour (both solo and as part of Pink Floyd), the Syd Barrett Read More
Amanda Palmer to receive Artist and Manager Award
Date: 09 Oct 2012 /
Amanda Palmer is to receive the 2012 Pioneer Award at this year's ceremony. The award has been created to highlight exceptional individuals who are forging new pathways in the music industry. Palmer has achieved commercial success and critical acclaim for both her music and her forward thinking approach to funding. Earlier this year she raised Read More


The CTNR offers two Clinician Scientist positions in the Neurosciences for the research protected time of two years within the specialist/subspecialist training time to conduct a theoretical research project. The program consists of an individual clinical, scientific and soft skill educational curriculum under the umbrella of the Rostock Academy for Clinician Scientists (RACS). Application information.
To improve the recruiting of young medical scientific researchers and to support their specific challenges concerning compatibility of research and clinical work, the University Medicine Rostock (UMR) established a Rostock Academy for Clinician Scientists (RACS).
The key element of the program is the research protected time of two years within the specialist/subspecialist training time to conduct a theoretical research project. The program consists of an individual clinical, scientific and soft skill educational curriculum and is structured into a Junior and an Advanced Clinician Scientist Program.
More information about the Rostock Academy for Clinician Scientists (in German).