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text:
Гавр (, від  — гавань) — місто та муніципалітет у Франції, у регіоні Нормандія, департамент Приморська Сена, біля місця впадіння Сени у протоку Ла-Манш. Населення —  осіб (2011). Міська агломерація — 254 тис. мешканців. Другий після Марселя торговельний порт країни (привіз нафти, залізної руди); металургійний, нафтопереробний комбінати, корабельня, автомобільний завод; університет; поблизу Гавра Нормандський міст через річку Сена (довжина понад 2 км).

Муніципалітет розташований на відстані близько 180 км на північний захід від Парижа, 75 км на захід від Руана.

Порт Гавр має найбільший контейнерний термінал у Франції.

Історія
Місто і порт були офіційно засновані у 1517 р. королем Франсуа І. як воєнний порт; у XVII ст. укріплений; від XIX ст. важливий торговельний порт.

Демографія

Розподіл населення за віком та статтю (2006):

Економіка
У 2010 році в муніципалітеті числилось 77818 оподаткованих домогосподарств, у яких проживали 172607,5 особи, медіана доходів виносила  євро на одного особоспоживача

Транспорт
Наприкінці 2012 року в місті була відкрита сучасна трамвайна мережа довжиною приблизно 13 км.

Уродженці
 Марі Ле Масон Ле Гольф (1750—1826) — французька письменниця і натуралістка
 Рене Сімоно (1911—2021) — французька акторка
 Жан Буїз (1929—1989) — французький актор
 Андре Лерон (* 1930) — відомий у минулому французький футболіст, захисник
 Трістан Мюрай (* 1947) — французький композитор.
 Жульєн Фобер (* 1983) — французький футболіст, півзахисник.
 Саллі Сарр (* 1986) — мавританський футболіст, захисник.

Сусідні муніципалітети

Галерея зображень

Посилання

 Офіційна сторінка (англ./фр./нім./ісп.)
 [ Розташування муніципалітету Гавр на мапі Франції та сусідні муніципалітети]

Див. також
 Список муніципалітетів департаменту Приморська Сена

Примітки

Міста Франції
Муніципалітети департаменту Приморська Сена
Порти Європи

Світова спадщина у Франції
1517 у Європі

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text:
Q: What is the purpose of using the word "coequal" I heard someone use a phrase something like:

*

*My position (or power) is coequal with (something else).

I believe it was used in the American House Judiciary Committee. I don't hear this word often at all. Immediately I wondered to myself the difference between this word and "equal", and in which cases one should be used over the other.

coequal
  Having the same rank or importance.
  'coequal partners'
Oxford Living Dictionaries
adj.
  Equal with one another, as in rank or size.
American Heritage Dictionary

As you can see from definitions, "equal" and "coequal" seem to mean the same thing, with "equal" even appearing in the definition of "coequal".
If we look at some of the sentences provided by dictionaries, I believe we see that "coequal" could easily be replaced with "equal".

coequal partners

*

*equal partners

You know, we're a coequal branch of government.

Coequal branch of government seems to me to be referring to a branch of government that's simply "equal" (whether in powers or jurisdiction).
At first I hypothesized that "coequal" is more appropriate when referring to two entities, but many dictionaries define "coequal" as:

1.equal with another or each other in rank, ability, etc.
Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary

So going strictly by dictionary definitions, the word would be appropriately used whether with reference to another entity or multiple other entities.
I surmised that the use of "coequal" might be more common when speaking of powers of government or organisations. However I'm still unsure about this, as I see many of the quotations and usage examples not related at all to this.
I also hypothesized that "coequal" means "equal to something else", however I realized that the word "equal" impliedly has this meaning. For example if I was the last human on earth it probably wouldn't make sense to say I am equal or have equal rights. Rather the equality seems always to be comparative to other things.
Finally, I thought I discovered a difference. If we take:

*

*"coequal partners"

We might imagine partners in a business who have an equal say, as opposed to a married couple. However I think this is conveyed just as much with "equal partners". Perhaps "coequal" emphasizes the first business meaning more than "equal" does?
Any significant differences between these two? Or any difference at all?

A: While the dictionary entries you cited are technically correct, I think they are missing the sense of the word, which I think is what really explains it.  I work in programming, and deal with a similar distinction at work, where "=" "==" and "eq" all have nuances of the same basic meaning, 'equals'.
To say two things are equal implies actual, qualitative similarity.  Equal means two things ARE the same, at least with regards to the quality you're talking about.  Being coequal, rather, is a more general statement about the relative standing of the things being considered.
All people have equal rights.  But you and your boss are not coequals, there is a difference in standing.
From your example, if you said that all three branches of government were equals, hits the ear funny, equals with regards to what?  You can say they have equal power.  You can say they have equal standing.  But they are coequal.
To back this up with a reference, here you go:
https://wikidiff.com/equal/coequal
This cites a similar difference as I point out above.  Equal points to actual equality, while coequal says the things are "equal to each other in size, rank or position."

A: In seeking to identify the original perceived need for the word coequal in English, I decided to focus on the context in which it tended to appear in its early days of written usage. That context was primarily religious discussion.

Early print instances of 'coequal' or 'coequall'
Searches for coequal and coequall in the Early English Books Online database return fourteen matches from before 1550. Of these, thirteen involve religious themes, and ten specifically involve the nature of the Trinity. Following are the fourteen matches.
From "Here Begynneth a Treatyse of this Galaunt with the Maryage of the Bosse of Byllyngesgate. vnto London Stone (1521?):

Therfore let my wyfe and me alone. / For by my study and wakynge many a nyght. / I knowe by the sterres / that shone by the moone. / That fayre Bosse / hooly was in my syght / And that to my nature / she sholde be coequall. / And remayne as my fere / euer in my syght. / By the purueyaunce / of the goddes Imperyall / To my comforte shynynge as the sterres bryght

According to the Hidden London website, "The Boss of Billingsgate was some sort of post, probably a drinking fountain, that stood outside the fish market. One source suggests that the boss bore an image of Belin, another that it was shaped like a pot-bellied man. It was a tradition that fish porters would ask passers-by to kiss the boss and, if they refused, they were bumped against it. It was the subject of a comic ballad, entitled 'The Marriage of London Stone and the Boss of Billingsgate' (1521), and a play by John Day and others (1603), which has not survived." Wikipedia has a lengthy article about "London Stone," although it asserts that "The earliest reference to the Stone is usually said to be that noted by John Stow in his Survey of London (1598)"—which is roughly 77 years after the ballad quoted above.
From A. C. Mery Talys (1526?):

In a wyllage in warwyk shyre there was a parysh prest all though he wer no great clarke nor grad[v]at of the vnynersyte / yet he [p]rechid to hys paryshons vppon a s[vn]aday / [de]claryng to th[em] xii. artycles of the Crede. Shewyng them that [t]he furst 〈◊〉 was to be[lieve] god the fader almyghty maker of heuen and erth. 〈◊〉 T[o] bele[ive]〈◊〉 cryste hys onely son our lorde coequal wyth the fa[ther] in all [th]yngys 〈…〉 to the deyte.

From Catholic Church, "Here After Foloweth the Prymer in Englysshe Sette Out Alonge, After the Vvse of Sarum" (1538):

[T]he Father is made of none: neyther created nor gotten. / [T]he Sone is frō the Father alone: neyther ma∣de ne create / but gotten. / [T]he holy Ghost is frō the Father / and the Sone / neyther made created / nor gotten but procedynge. / [A]nd so there is but one Father / not thre Fathers / one Sonne / not thre Sonnes / one holy Ghoste / not thre holy Ghostes. / [A]nd in this Trinyte / there is none before or after another / nothynge more or lesse: but all the thre persons be coeterne / and coequall to them selte. / [S]o that by alwayes as now it hath ben aboue sayd the Trinyte in vnite / and the vnite in Tri∣nyte may be worsshypped. / [H]e therfore that wyll be saued / let hym vnderstande thus of the Trinyte.

From "The Seconde Canonicall Epistle of Peter the Apostle, in The Newe Testamente Both Latine and Englyshe Ech Correspondent to the Other After the Vulgare Texte, Communely Called S. Ieroms (1538):

Simon Peter the seruaūt and Apostle of Christ Iesus, vnto them that haue optayned coequall faythe wyth vs in ye ryghteousnesse of oure God, and the saueoure Iesus Christ ⋆ Grace be vnto you and peace be fulfylled in the knowlege of God, & Christ Iesu our LORD.

From Church of England, The Manuall of Prayers, or the Prymer in Englyshe set out at Lengthe, whose Contentes the Reader by the Prologe Next after the Kalendar, Shal Sone Perceaue and There in Shal Se Brefly the Order of the Whole Boke (1539):

The father is made of none, neyther created, nor gotten. The sonne is from the father alone, neyther made nor created, but gotten. The holy goost is from the father, and the sonne, neyther made, created nor gotten, but procedyng. And so is there but one father, not thre fathers: one sonne, not thre sonnes, one holy goost, not thre holy goostes. And in this Trinite, there is none before or after another, nothyng more or lesse, but al the thre personnes be coeterne, and coequall to themselfe. So that by all wayes as nowe it hath ben aboue sayde, the Trinite in vnite, and the vnite in trinite maye be worshypped.

From Heir Beginnis the Hystory and Croniklis of Scotland (1540?):

During this tyme, the cristin faith apperit to rise in gret dignite. Nochtheles the cursit heretik Arrius began to poyson it with vennymus doctrine. Saying Crist was nocht the verray sonne of god, coequall and coeternall to the fader bot different fra hym in substance. Efter degeist consultatioun all his opinionis war condampnit in counsall of Nicia with mony othir vane errouris, quhilkis I wyl not rehers at this tyme.

From The Epistles and Gospelles with a Brief Postil vpon the Same from after Easter tyll Aduent (1542):

Good people we be sure by scripture, that there is but one God. For it sayth. Herken o Israel, thy god is one. But forasmuch as the scripture doth attribute godheade and diuine essencie to thre: therfore the fathers haue founde out the worde (person) for the auoydynge of many errours. And hereof for discernynge the sayd persons is the name of Trinitie come into the church, wherby we sygnifye not .iij. vnegall persons, but thre persons coequal of one in diuisible substaunce and essencie.

From Aergur Kelton, A Commendacyun of Welshmen (1546):

His [Eneas's] marciall warres / Surmounting the starres / Made hym celestiall / After pagan guyse / In suche maner wyse / With ther goddes to be coequal
In Libie land / His temple did stand / Freate with gold pearle & stone / By deuine Oracle / His tabernacle / Made ther ful long agone

From John Bale, A Tragedye or Enterlude Manyfestyng the Chefe Promyses of God unto Man by All Ages in the Olde Lawe from the Fall of Adam to the Incarnacyon of the Lorde Iesus Christ (1547?):

In the begynnynge, before the heauens were create, / In me and of me, was my sonne sēmpyternall. / With the holy Ghost, in one degre or estate, / Of the hygh Godhed, to me the father coequall. / 〈…〉hys my sonne was, with me one God essencyall, / [Wit]hout separacyon, at any tyme from me. / 〈…〉 God he is, of equall dignyte. / 〈…〉 the begynnynge, my sonne hath euer be, / 〈…〉s father, in one essencyall beynge.

From a 1548 translation of Martin Luther, The Chiefe and Pryncypall Articles of the Christen Faythe to Holde Againste the Pope and Al Papists, and the Gates of Hell:

So the Father is the Lord, the Sonne the Lord, the holy ghoost the Lorde. And yet be they not three Lordes, but one Lorde. For as we be compelled by the christian veritie, to cōfesse separately euery one person to be God and Lorde. So are we prohibite by the Catholyke relygyon of Christes faythe to saye: that there be three Goddes or three Lordes. The father is made of none, neyther crated, nor gotten. The sonne is from the father alone neyther made nor created, but gotten. The holy Ghost is from the father and the sonne, neyther made, created, nor gotten, but procedynge. And so is there but one father, not three fathers, one sonne, not three sonnes, one holy Ghoost, not three holy ghoostes. And in thys trinite, there is none before or after another, nothyng more or lesse. But al the three persōs be coeterne and coequal to them selfe.

From The Booke of the Common Prayer and Administracion of the Sacramentes, and Other Rites and Ceremonies of the Churche: After the Vse of the Churche of England (1549):

The father is made of none: neither created nor begottē. The sonne is of the father alone: not made nor created, but begotten. The holy gost is of the father and of the sonne: neyther made nor created, nor begotten, but proceding. So there is one father, not three fathers: one sonne, not three sonnes: one holy gost, not three holy gostes. And in this trinitie, none is afore nor after other: none is greater nor lesse then other. But the whole three persons: be coeternall together and coequall. So that in all thinges, as it is afore sayed: the vnitie in trinitie, and the trinitie in vnitie, is to be wurshipped. He therfore that will be saued: must thus thinke of the trinitie.

From a 1549 translation of Desiderius Erasmus, The Praise of Folie:

And yet shall one of those shamefast, maidenly men not sticke than to d[i]splaie his pecockes fethers, and rowse hym selfe, whyles suche shameles flaterers dooe goe about to make him, being a man lesse worth thā naught, coequall yet vnto the Gods, in blasonnyng hym for a paragonne, and absolute example of all maner vertues, from which he knoweth hym selfe to be as farre wyde, as from hence to the man in the moone.
...
They are ministers of Christ, and so am I also, to the ende yet he shuld not be holden for a vainglorious vaunter in that he made him selfe coequall with the other, he added as by correction, I more than other, signifiyng therby, how not onely he was matche to the other apostles, but somewhat also their superiour: whiche althoughe he woulde shoulde be taken for verie trueth, yet lest the arrogant auowyng therof might partly haue offended mens •ares, he did first shelde the same with the pretexte of Folie, (saiyng) I speake it as the vnwyser, because he wist what priuilege fooles haue to speake trouthe without offence.
...
And this was his exposicion. I speake it as the more vnwise, that is to saie (quod he) in case I seeme vnwise vnto you because I doe coequall my selfe vnto the false apostles, than more vnwise will you coumpt me, in auauncyng my selfe afore theim.

From John Proctor, The Fal of the Late Arrian (1549):

And hereunto all the olde fathers agre: and of our late doctors I knowe none that dissent in this poynt: so that it is euydente that ye haue soked this out of your owne brain only, as to contend that Christ is not god, or of the saine nature wt the father, because Paule sayeth Christe is Gods, or of God• Vpon which wordes Bullinger writeth thus: Christ is gods, that is to saye (sayeth he) Christ is coequall with the Father, and vnto him, the Churche is subiect, not as to man, but as to the lyuynge God.
...
If ye can declare any to be equall with hym [Jesus] in these poyntes, then wyll I graunte with you that he hath mo brothers: & euery of them true God. For none but God can saye as he hath sayde: & to none but to God can it be sayde whiche ye haue hearde. In meane tyme I beleue him to be brotherles, and confesse him to be thonly begot∣ten sonne of God, consubstanciall & coequall to ye father in al power, honor, and glorye.

And from "Whippet You Priests" (1549?):

O Lorde thou dyddest thy fathers wrath pacify / ♣ •Obedient thou wast vnto a shamefull death / For mans lyfe, thou suffredest patiently / Thou yeldest the gost, as the scripture sayth / And rose from death, to lyfe the thyrde daye / And sittest in heauen, with great power & maiestie / ♣ ♣ Coequall with the father, thys is no haye / Makyng intercession, for vs synners perpetuallye.

Also from Thys Booke Is Called the Treasure of Gladnesse and Semeth by the Copy, (Beeing a Verye Litle Manuel, and Written in Velam) to Be Made Aboue CC. Yeres Past at the Least (1563):

My Testament.

This I make my Testament, and laste will: in the name of the eternall liuynge God: the father, the sonne & the holy ghost: in whose name I was baptized. In whome onely I hope. and beleue to be saued. Amen. First I bequethe my soule into thy hands: O god. father: sonne, & holy Ghost. Thou hast first made me and thou hast gyuen thy sonne to becom man: and died for my sinnes & for the sinnes of the people, O father for thy sonnes sake haue mercy vpon me. O lorde Iesu Christ, thou sonne of god, thou haste boughte me with thy pre∣cious bloud. By one oblacion sufficiently, for all that beleue in thee. O Christ, god and man, which art in heauen, haue m[e]rcy vpon me, & be thou my mercifull mediator for me vnto thy father, that I m[a]y be saued. O holy Ghost god, coequal with the father and the sōne, haue mecry vpō me, worke thy deuine power in me, through thy gracious inspiracion, draw me vnto Iesu Christ, yt I may find fauor & be saued. Amē

I have included this last instance among the pre-1550 texts because it has some claim to being quite old. In describing a 1615 edition of this work, a PDF posting on the "[2016] New York Book Fair Highlights" from the Marlborough Rare Books website offers the following remarks in connection with a 1615 edition of The Treasure of Gladnesse:

This Elizabethan best-seller survives in only a handful of copies. NSTC enumerates twelve separate editions between 1563 and 1601 ...
Clearly The Treasure of Gladnesse was derived from a mediaeval text, translated to English, and given a light Protestant makeover that was acceptable to Puritan sensibilities. In this late, if not last edition, not only is a more conventional spelling now introduced, and side notes to the scriptures dispensed with, but variants and changes, more or less substantial, were made to the text which better reflected the course of religious enthusiasm palpitating through the Jacobean period.
After 1615 works based on a religious text over two centuries old and written on vellum may have looked like something almost tainted and too closely allied to the past to be safely printed. The Treasure, even though it had been a valuable and constant best-seller, probably quickly fell out of favour with publishers and public alike and accounts for the inadequate number of surviving copies.

I have no idea whether the word coequal appeared in English in the source material for this text, but it seems likely that if the passage did appear in a vellum text that was at least 200 years old in 1563, it was written in Latin.
The odd example out among the preceding fifteen early instances of coequal/coequall is the earliest one—the comic song from 1521 involving the assertion by the husband London Stone that his wife, the Bosse of Byllingesgate, should be "coequall" to his nature. I have no insight into the writer's choice of coequall in this instance.

The usefulness of 'coequal' as a word distinct from 'equal'
The locus of early usage of coequal appears to be the Athanasian creed, which pairs coequal and coeternal as essential attributes of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit.
It is undoubtedly true that a disproportionate number of early texts in the EEBO database focus religious matters—but the specificity of the use of coequal in these tracts as a a way of expressing the relative status of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit seems to me to be central to the word's injection into English discourse as well as to its continuation there, at least over the next two centuries. In Christian doctrine—both Catholic and Protestant—the word coequal served the critical purpose of emphasizing the unitary equality of the three aspects of the Trinity, as opposed to their being in any sense separate but equal.
A Christian polemicist of this period might accept the assertion that Zeus, Jupiter, and Odin—false gods though they might be—were equal, but it wouldn't do to assert that the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit were, because that familiar term failed to address the critical "withness" of their equality. The word coequal thus expressed an essential element of equality that equal did not, just as the word coeternal indicated an interconnection that eternal did not. In simple terms, a thing may be equal to something else, but coequal with it.
The earliest dictionary definition of coequal that I've been able to find is from John Bullokar, An English Expositor: Teaching the Interpretation of the Hardest Words Used in Our Language (1616):

Coequall. Equal in degree with another.

Notably, Bullokar does not include an entry for equal, presumably because he didn't consider it to be among the "hardest words" requiring interpretation.
In subsequent usage, the centrality of religious applications of coequal has fallen away. In the United States, in particular, it almost a cliché to speak of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of the federal government as "coequal branches." In their essential meaning, I see little distinction between "equal branches" and "coequal branches"—but there is still at least a hint of implied cooperative status in the latter expression that is not necessary or inherent in the former.

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Why Families Love their New York Knicks.
The Knicks kept their white "Association" and blue "Icon" uniforms virtually intact with only a handful of alterations such as truncated shoulder and shorts striping and the contemporary roundball logo on the waistband. On October 25, 2013, the Knicks unveiled an alternate orange uniform, which is primarily a mirror image...


The Women's Manifesto was launched on Thursday by women and gender players with pertinent issues that have been neglected by duty-bearers for long time.
The manifesto carries priority areas affecting women such as education, health, agriculture as well governance and leadership.
It also tackles women's access to justice, social, religious and cultural issues; women's access to land, water and natural resources, among other aspects.
The manifesto's need, which arose as a response to inadequate action by government and other duty-bearers to comprehensively address concerns affecting women in all sectors of the Malawian society, takes into account the historical disadvantage that Malawian women have suffered in accessing meaningful political, social and economic development.
State and non-State actors, it contends, have carried out programmes that have not supported women, though in other cases labelled as such.
Its key concerns and demands are located within the human rights and women rights context espoused in the laws of Malawi and in international and regional agreements that Malawi is a signatory to.
The Malawi Constitution calls for equal treatment, dignity and respect for all persons, but women and girls' equal right to education though only being regarded as equal in the present times, has remained insignificant to most players.
Due to lack of education, women have been forced to live in impoverished conditions, lacking the most basic sources of income and has hindered their social and economic empowerment.
The women, through the manifesto, demand quality educational infrastructure with sanitary facilities for girls, and that schools be built near, so that girls' education is not affected and for increased education budgetary allocation.
Health, a priority area for women, has also been marred with irregularities ranging from understaffed clinics, to lack of care for expectant women and shortage of drugs, with other areas having to completely do without clinics—a burden that has always been on women's shoulders.
The health sector, as the manifesto raises, has been crippled due to inadequate financing making it under -resourced as it lacks technologies and critical equipment.
Apart from increased financing, women demand improved maternal health care, an increase in trained personnel, especially in women-friendly services and provision of comprehensive health services.
Women have been trapped in smaller local markets though they account for 70 percent of the labour force in agriculture.
They have been neglected in agriculture mechanisation; in effective ways of cultivation, which has become a grim facet divergent to visions of increased production, resilient agriculture and improved lives.
The manifesto denounces imbalances of patronage politics and cultural beliefs that entrench women's public participation.
Targeting both government and non-governamental bodies, including donors, traditional leaders, men and women, the manifesto, not only demands equality, but also influence, empowerment and calls for respect, for women's dignity.
It is one of a kind as for the first time through this manifesto, women have pledged to work as one and push for change across all frontiers.


Un Peu Sauvage is me, Giulia. I'm an Italian girl with a nordic soul.
Un Peu Sauvage is two things: my shop and my blog. In my shop everything is hand made by me.
In my blog I talk about knitting, yarns, sustainable fashion, books, lifestyle and little travels.
You can find me everyday on Instagram and Pinterest.
Un Peu Sauvage is a space where I talk about photography, often related to Instagram; I talk about the little travels I do in my city, Milan, in Italy and in Europe. I go into little details and I can't stop myself to talk about books. One of the topics that I love to talk about is slow living in the city.
[Un Peu Sauvage è uno spazio dove parlo di fotografia, molto spesso legata a Instagram; racconto dei piccoli viaggi che faccio nella mia città, Milano, in Italia ed in Europa. Mi dilungo su piccoli dettagli e non riesco a smettere di leggere libri e parlarne. Inoltre, uno degli argomenti di cui parlo è lo slow-living nella città].
I take pictures of little details, mood boards and life style are my favourite way of talking. I'm becoming a crazy plant lady and if in my pictures I can put some green, I'm very happy.
[Sono fotografa di piccoli dettagli, mood boards e still life sono le mie modalità preferite. Sto diventando una crazy plant lady e se nei miei scatti posso metterci del verde, sono ancora più contenta].
I like to find out new projects, especially if they are artisan and even better if they work with eco friendly materials. If you want to collaborate with me, you can write to me here for all the informations.
[Mi piace scoprire nuove realtà, sopratutto se sono artigiane e meglio ancora se lavorano con materiali eco-sostenibili. Se vuoi collaborare con me, puoi contattarmi qui per tutte le informazioni].
I like to describe Un Peu Sauvage as a creative studio, where every product is hand made by me. I'm a knit designer and a maker. I knit little collections of minimal accessories, home decors and clothes.


text:
Global political influencer network. Graph: thinktanks.institutoelcano.org
1 Analysis Social Issues
Political Influence Network In Twitter 2017 – Analysis
September 8, 2017 September 8, 2017 Elcano Royal Institute 0 Comments
By Elcano Royal Institute
Brussels is gaining influence and political clout in the world although Washington remains the focal point of international politics.
By Juan Antonio Sánchez Giménez and Evgueni Tchubykalo*
Relations between think tanks and their various analysts on Twitter can provide a digital pointer to how political influence is evolving following recent international events such as Brexit, Donald Trump's election as US President and the re-emergence of Russia as a player on the international scene. The advent of the digital era and the new trends in international politics have led think tanks to understand and interpret the world scenario in accordance with their objectives and to adjust their influence accordingly. Thus, influence has found its place on the net.
Looking at how think tanks engage with each other on Twitter shows much about their nature and structure. Networks are global but power is exerted at the local level. Analysing think-tank trends in the network of influencers can help understand the processes and research projects in which they are involved. Why is London losing influence as a hub to Brussels' benefit? It is paradoxical that while the European project seems in doubt, Brussels is actually flourishing in terms of influence and power.
What is the purpose of a think tank and what kind of explicit goals do these institutions need to account for in their yearly overview? A think tank must produce and commit itself to ideas; identify possible recipients for said ideas and sell them with regards to a policy oriented cost-benefit analysis. Thus, political influence is found to be an inherent facet of every think tank, where 'influence' is understood as the process of generating tendencies within ideas and transforming them into policy propositions for the decision-takers.
In order to understand organised interests and influencer dynamics we must ask ourselves: how do think tanks achieve political influence within policy-makers? During the 20th century, lobbyists and interest groups have been researched by sociologists, political scientist and economists such as Scott Ainsworth, David Austen-Smith and Peter M. Haas, with his analysis of Epistemic Communities. Similarly to their counterparts in the previous century, 21st-century think tanks have not had a different political approach.
However, with the changes brought about by the digital era, think tanks increasingly tend to expand their audiences and broadcast their information through the web and into the public sphere. Consequently, this makes them direct competitors of the media given their status of 'expert researchers'.
However, influence is contextual and the digital context of the 21st century makes the policy processes of think tanks different. As stated by Joseph Nye, the digitalization process, a concept thoroughly discussed and debated over the past 15 years that has direct implications on the definition of power –a concept closely linked to influence–, has a direct effect on modern diplomacy processes.
This Diplomacy 3.0 which Nye alludes to recognises the power in the citizens' ability to communicate, interact and connect with other citizens or public institutions, politicians and civil servants available on the social web. Additionally, policy-makers see within these networks a way to better understand the societies which they govern. This is what Philip Seib defines in his Real-Time Diplomacy work as a basic and transparent element for the exercise of democracy.
21st century think tanks position themselves within this digital context, using networks in order to spread messages, ideas, policy recommendations and the establishment of relationships between each other. Now however, their targets are not just policy-makers anymore. Think tanks also seek to influence the media and two elements that, according to Jürgen Habermas, characterise civil society: non-governmental institutions and social movements.
Furthermore, even if access to information has drastically improved during the past 15 years, technological resource management allows 21st century think tanks to manage their communication strategies in order to create competitive advantages. Additionally, good communication strategies are found to be key elements within the objectives of both think tanks and lobbyists with the purpose of gaining access to networks of political influence.
In order to measure the political influence of think tanks, different variables must be taken into account for different contexts. In this regard, it is useful to apply Scott Ainsworth and Randolph Sloof's game-theory model, which was used to analyse the relationships between lobbyists and policy-makers in the early 90s. The academic debate revolves around the complexity of analysing qualitative variables such as prior beliefs, information levels, order of moves and structure of communication and reputation on think tank influence, which can be applied both to 20th century lobbyists and 21st century think tanks.
In this regard, there is scant research analysing and quantifying think-tank influence. Gotothinktank.com, a University of Pennsylvania project, stands out due to its impact within the field. Its research, however, relies on questionnaire-based methodologies in order to generate several rankings within different fields that are categorised by elements of image and reputation, thereby ignoring levels of information, communication structures and ideological analysis.
Reputation analysis within international relations and public policy research is found to be useful for the measurement of political influence levels. However, if the purpose is to obtain comparative conclusions between think tanks, this methodology lacks sufficient variables to properly contextualise such influences.
For Patrick Bernhagen the process of influencing consists of the lobbyist's relationships with policy makers, the policy-makers' commitment to the policy and the expected costs for reformulating the policy for both lobbyists and policy-makers. It is precisely within the relationship between influencers and policy-makers in the digital context where our analysis is set.
We attempt to establish the relations between think-tanks that are generated by their Twitter networks. Twitter provides us with the ability to generate a representative 'picture¡ of the interests and relationships of think tanks as a defining attribute of political influence, which we find to be much more interesting in contrast to the network's own activity.
The global relations of think tanks
For the third consecutive year, the Elcano Royal Institute is introducing an analysis of political influencer relations on Twitter, which includes the most active think tanks and their associated active researchers on the social network. We have gathered a total of 695 twitter channels that include analysts and information centres that shape a small but influential network within international politics and diverse research areas in international relations.
Our representation of the influencers' network shows the degree of popularity that each Twitter channel –be it think tank or associated researcher– has with its network of trendsetters and opinion leaders. This is represented by the size of its node (a point in a network topology in which lines intersect), where a bigger node will indicate a higher degree of popularity within the network.
As mentioned above, our interests is in understanding the way in which think tanks achieve political influence with policy-makers. For this purpose –in the way we have suggested in 2015, along with Juan Pizarro and Juan Luis Manfredi in their structural analysis of the influence of think-tank networks in the digital era–, we need to understand the existing relationships between think tanks themselves and their relationships with the three most important international political hubs –Washington, London and Brussels–, including the goals and interests of policy-makers in each of these hubs. It is important to note that due to the gaps in Twitter use (such as its prohibition in China or the use of non-English languages), we have not identified any meaningful political Asian hub within our network.
With the goal of identifying existing relations between think tanks (and their associated researchers) we have simplified the political influence network established in 2017. By measuring network modularity we have identified five sub-clusters. We understand modularity as the ability of a network to be seen as a union of several modules, sub-networks, clusters or communities that interact with each other and shape a common logic within the global network. Each module has elements that characterise it in comparison to other modules while maintaining its relation to the global network.
Thus, we have identified three clusters that we consider think tank groups, which are very similar to previous years because they revolve around the London, Brussels and Washington political hubs. A fourth cluster is articulated around Moscow as an emergent political hub, and the fifth identified cluster is an amalgam of Latin-American states that communicate mainly in the Spanish language, together with an amalgam of European, African, Asian and Middle Eastern actors that deal with economic development and environmental issues.
Brussels and Washington: the dominant hubs
In 2017 Brussels has not overcome Washington as the dominant hub but it has recorded an 11% rise and is 12% more active than in 2016.
Europe is more present than in previous years; however, Washington has not reduced its centrality within the network nor its influence over think tanks from East Asia and the Pacific.
Brussels has more power of attraction than London within our influencer network and the British cluster is found to be diminished in favour of the European cluster. Many British think tanks acquire European elements. This does not necessarily mean that they are becoming more European, rather, they are establishing more connections with continental sub-networks while their analysts promote their relationships within European environments.
The European network takes advantage of the impact that Brexit has over British analyst centres in order to broaden its relationship networks. Many of the most influential British think tanks look towards Brussels in an attempt to unravel possible future scenarios in regards to Britain's exit from the EU.
The interests of London as a political hub lie within trade, international economy and development, which makes the London hub a bridge for the flow of ideas between Latin America, Europe, the US and some parts of Asia. Brexit is causing this nexus to weaken and many think tanks are starting to shift their relations towards other hubs such as Brussels or the so-called Latin-American cluster. For instance, the European Council of Foreign Relations (ECFR) is considering moving its offices out of London given its perception that the city is ceasing to be a central pivot in European foreign and security policy.
The British cluster becomes more homogenised and specialises in public policy with a focus on economics. In any case, London still prevails as the structural nexus of influence in global topics such as development, climate change policy and economic globalisation. At the same time, rather than fading, part of the London hub looks towards Europe with less of an intention to politically influence an ever more polarised European network, but rather to understand the different existing perspectives on Brexit and the future of the EU.
The North-American cluster, which revolves around Washington and specialises in global security issues, is reducing its size possibly due to the indifference of President Trump's Administration to influencer networks. The North-American module includes some British, Turkish, Australian, Canadian and European think tanks which are devoted to the analysis of international security and geo-politics. It is a network that is mainly categorised by classical topics within international relation studies, but it also includes some think tanks with an interest in public policy and local politics.
In Figure 5 the grey dots represent Donald Trump's twitter channels @potus and @TheRealDonaldTrump. Trump's victory and his particular vision of what some have classified as a new form of public diplomacy has caused a certain indifference among the participants of our influence network. These presidential twitter channels are disassociating themselves from the rest of the network, which is reducing its interactions with the effective power in Washington.
With this 'new digital public diplomacy', the Trump Administration seems to be refraining from validating any type of political influence originating from external actors, at least for the time being.
The so-called 'Latin-American cluster' switches its focus and grows due to the increase in network modularity. It can be inferred that the interest in Latin American issues is growing but, on the other hand, is being subsumed in a sub-network where the Spanish language and Latin-American characteristics lose weight in favour of global issues and international economics.
Influence according to Moscow
The Russian module is the big novelty in the Think Tank network in 2017. Absent in previous years, this emerging and still small cluster mainly communicates in Russian and works with areas related to Russian public policy.
While in 2016 most Russian think tanks and analysts had strong connections within the European network, in 2017 there are divergent elements that suggest that Moscow intends to enclose itself in order to protect its policy discussion from foreign influences.
First, as regards the influencer network of 2016, it can be seen that a significant number of Russian think tanks have considerably reduced their Twitter activity while still maintaining their relationship networks.
Several important nodes, such as CPEI and fom_media, completely ceased their networking activities in late 2015 and early 2016 and furthermore it can be seen that all nodes within the Russian cluster are think tanks or institutions rather than individual journalists or researchers, while at least 50% of Russian nodes belonging to the European cluster are individual, non-institutional accounts. It seems, therefore, that there is some political influence on what sort of information is generated officially through Russian information centres, while individual journalists are able to maintain some sort of independence in their behaviour within the network.
Additionally, it is important to note that only one third of Russian nodes have been grouped into what we identify as the Russian cluster according to its modularity factor, with the other two-thirds spread evenly between the European and North American clusters.
For instance, in 2016, 20 out of 165 European nodes were of Russian provenance. This year, however, only 10 out of 238 European nodes were of Russian origin. This shows that the nodes in the new Russian cluster according to the network's modularity factor are gradually distancing themselves from previously stronger ties with European and North-American sub-networks (see Figure 7 above). The Russian Council –a think tank specialising in geopolitics– is the main, and almost the only, intermediary between think tanks in the Russian cluster and the rest of the world; Sergey Utkin is the main Russian influencer despite being part of the European cluster.
There are common topics such as Trump, international relations, military concerns and geopolitics among Russian think tanks; those within the European cluster focus more on EU politics (such as the recent elections in European states) from an international-relations perspective while those in the North American cluster prioritise Russia-US relations. The key particularity of Twitter accounts in the Russian cluster seems to be its propensity to generate articles about foreign influence in Russia from a geopolitical and economic perspective.
Altogether, publications in the Russian language, governmental pressure on supposed foreign agents, the difference in chosen topics noted between Russian nodes inside and outside the Russian cluster seem to be an important factor in strengthening the relationship of these nodes within the Russian cluster and weakening its links with the rest of the network.
Recent political phenomena such as Brexit, the Trump Administration and the latest Russian political practices have given rise to changes in the global influence network over the past year.
Brexit has directed the focus on Brussels, as everyone looks towards it in order to understand such a complex political process, and the Trump Administration has so far ignored the political influence of previously common channels.
Meanwhile, the Moscow cluster, with its isolationist policies, has isolated itself from foreign influences. This has led the network to polarise, as political interest in Washington, London and Moscow has become more localised, concentrating more on public policy. Furthermore, the network has also become simplified, as clusters establish fewer relationships between each other and more within themselves.
The size and influence of clusters also varies, as Brussels is growing, to the detriment of Washington and London. Moreover, Brexit and the Trump Administration's obstacles to free trade generate unrest in traditional networks of influencers thereby inducing a shift in their relationships; Trump, Brexit and Russian isolationist policies promote the growth of the European network because they reduce their own global influence by dealing mostly with internal issues. The Brussels cluster, on its part, is deemed the most stable as it seems to be maintaining the status quo in this regard.
To conclude, we have observed that Brussels has gained popularity within our global influence network, leading us to believe that 2017 might be the year in which Europe will have the opportunity to position itself at the forefront of many aspects of global political activity such as climate change, support for democratisation processes, human rights and international trade.
*About the authors:
Juan Antonio Sánchez Giménez, Head of Information Services, Elcano Royal Institute | @Elcano_Juan
Evgueni Tchubykalo, CAMRI doctoral researcher in media and communication, University of Westminster | @chubykalo
This article was published by Elcano Royal Institute.
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Elcano Royal Institute
The Elcano Royal Institute (Real Instituto Elcano) is a private entity, independent of both the Public Administration and the companies that provide most of its funding. It was established, under the honorary presidency of HRH the Prince of Asturias, on 2 December 2001 as a forum for analysis and debate on international affairs and particularly on Spain's international relations. Its output aims to be of use to Spain's decision-makers, both public and private, active on the international scene. Its work should similarly promote the knowledge of Spain in the strategic scenarios in which the country's interests are at stake.


Items where Author is "Tan, Hock Chuan"
Tan , Hock Chuan (2007) Using learning objects technology in learning styles of higher education students / Tan Hock Chuan. Masters thesis, University of Malaya.
Tan, Hock Chuan (2006) Using learning objects technology in learning styles of higher education students / Tan Hock Chuan. Masters thesis, University of Malaya.
This list was generated on Wed Apr 24 05:13:49 2019 MYT.


text:
Q: Interacting with standard MSBuild infrastructure:  I read about using these mechanisms in Brian Kretzler's book and this example posted by Adam Badura, in particular.
Following Badura's example (which he notes "Cleaning/Rebuilding does remove the file as expected as well.") I have:
<PropertyGroup>
    ⋮
    <CleanDependsOn>QtClean;$(CleanDependsOn)</CleanDependsOn> <!-- doesn't work -->
    ⋮
</PropertyGroup>

at top-level (direct child of the  document root element).
When I use the IDE menu to Clean Solution, the QtClean Target is not performed.  The Message task I included within it does not appear, and the expected effect of the RemoveDir task is not observed (nor are any error messages).
Why would this not work?

A: This should run using the latest VS2017 feature enhancement Directory.Build.Targets.
Insert the following in a file with the name Directory.Build.Targets at the root folder in trunk of your repository. MSBuild, while loading your .sln, will automatically load your customized Directory.Build.Targets file.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Project ToolsVersion="15.0"  xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
  <!-- Inject a custom target into Clean by extending CleanDependsOn -->
  <PropertyGroup>
    <CleanDependsOn> $(CleanDependsOn); CustomAfterClean </CleanDependsOn>
  </PropertyGroup>

  <Target Name="CustomAfterClean" Condition="$(ProjectName) == 'XXXMyProjectXXX'" >
    <!--- my custom clean up -->
  </Target>
</Project>

A: I've learned that <CleanDependsOn> doesn't work because it's overwritten (not appended to) by Microsoft.Common.Targets, which is pulled in at the bottom of a project file.  Thus, it cannot be extended by statements within the meaty center of the project file or property sheets as normally included.  The "extension targets" are included at the end of the project file, after the normal common targets.
However, the <CppCleanDependsOn> property is extended (not overwritten without including the previous value) everywhere it is used.
One general answer to "Why would this not work?" is that global variables are evil.  You have to understand the temporal proximity of the variable ("property"), as it may get changed again before it is read, or read before you are setting it.


text:
Political Ideals
Mr. Russell has expressed these ideas in his other books. But here they are organized into what is virtually a primer of revolutionary idealism, written with a passionate soberness that stirs the mind as deeply as it moves the heart.
ch a free creative life can grow, yet it is the chief motive which inspires the daily work of most wage-earners. The hope of possessing more wealth and power than any man ought to have, which is the corresponding motive of the rich, is quite as bad in its effects; it compels men to close their minds against justice, and to prevent themselves from thinking honestly on social questions while in the depths of their hearts they uneasily feel that their pleasures are bought by the miseries of others. The injustices of destitution and wealth alike ought to be rendered impossible. Then a great fear would be removed from the lives of the many, and hope would have to take on a better form in the lives of the few.
But security and liberty are only the negative conditions for good political institutions. When they have been won, we need also the positive condition: encouragement of creative energy. Security alone might produce a smug and stationary society; it demands creativeness as its counterpart, in order to
Popular books in Politics, Essays
An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations
How to Use Your Mind
'Oh, Well, You Know How Women Are!' AND 'Isn't That Just Like a Man!'
More books by Bertrand Russell
The Problems of Philosophy
Proposed Roads to Freedom
The Problem of China
The Practice and Theory of Bolshevism
Mysticism and Logic
Our Knowledge of the External World as a Field for Scientific Method in Philosophy
Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy
Free Thought and Official Propaganda
An essay on the foundations of geometry
Why Men Fight
Index of the Project Gutenberg Works of Bertrand Russell
The American Therapist. Vol. II. No. 7. Jan. 15th, 1894


text:
module Azure::ARM::IotHub
  module Models
    #
    # Defines values for OperationMonitoringLevel
    #
    module OperationMonitoringLevel
      None = "None"
      Error = "Error"
      Information = "Information"
    end
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
After over 28 years, even after the Court verdict of January 2020, many facts regarding the crash -even on the actual crash itself-, are still uncertain.
This uncertainty continues causing anxiety, frustration and doubts.
December 21st, 1992. Martinair flight MP495 crashes at the airport of Faro, Portugal while the crew attempts to land the plane in bad weather conditions.
The DC10, PH-MBN "Anthony Ruys", is owned by the Royal Netherlands Air Force and is destined to be converted into a KDC-10.
As result of the crash 54 passengers and 2 flight attendants die. Over 200 occupants sustain physical injuries.
Here ends the consensus on the crash, the crash events, it's causes and it's consequences.
After the court verdict of January 8th, 2020 even the basic question whether the pilots properly aligned the plane with Faro-runway center line remains unclear.
Are proper safety lessons (ICAO Annex 13) learned?
January 2021:
2020 Annual commemoration canceled due to CORONA.
The communal annual commemoration was canceled because of the Covid19 situation.
May 12th, 2020: Dutch Minister asks the Dutch Safety Board to partially reinvestigate possible causes of Martinair crash in Faro. MBS.news.
The Board will conduct a shortened investigation. The investigation will focus solely on the technical questions about the landing gear.
Other questions, like for instance on the engines, will not be looked into.
The Board aims to complete and publish the report no later than the beginning of 2021.
Court cases.
April 20, 2020: Dutch State will not appeal January 2020 verdict.
Neither the claimants will appeal. The verdicht is final.
Most probably the court case, on hold since 2014, of claimants versus Martinair has also been terminated as a result of the Janaury 2020 verdict.
January 8th, 2020 verdict by The Hague court
– the in November 2019 by claimants requested cross examination of the court experts is not granted
– the almost mythical Dutch claim of the unexpected windshear as cause of the crash is refuted
– actions of the Dutch Aviation and Safety Board (DASB) are qualified as inaccurate and wrongful.
NB In my opinion: this attitude of DASB probably / possibly also affected their input in the official investigation.
– Dutch Aviation Council Acted Negligently and Unlawfully in 1992 Faro Plane Crash, hg.org
– Faro survivor: "There is justice now, but we remain losers", mbs.news
– From the verdict, need for a missed approach procedure
– The verdict. From page 6 and onwards, information also in English from the report of the court experts.
Causes of the crash (deficient -Dutch- investigation up to 2011)
The day after the crash Martin Schröder (founder and CEO of Martinair), together with the then Dutch Minister of Transport, helt a press conference . In this press conference Mr Schroeder stated that an unexpected windshear was the cause of the crash. Some consequences of an unexpected windshear as cause of the crash are diminished responsibility and liability for Martinair.
Despite the findings in the official Portuguese Investigation report, the 'unexpected windshear theory' remained the dominant Dutch view.
This partial Dutch view is sustained by the then lack of independent crash investigation in The Netherlands.
The public doubts and questions, as raised by the passengers on the flight, on the crash and its causes never seemed to be taken seriously.
NB The American NTSB also seems to doubt the unexpected windshear theory in it's letter; annex to the official ( = Portuguese) Investigation Report.
Complicating factor is that the official report only states probable causes. This almost invites speculation and alternative theories.
New analysis of the facts and court cases
In February 2011 (updated December 2012), over 18 years after the plane crash, an investigation by Mr. Harry Horlings of AvioConsult is published. This investigation strengthens in my opinion the outcome of the official Portuguese report, in which the pilots and their actions and non-actions are chiefly regarded as leading to the crash.
In January 2018 AvioConsult published a detailed analysis on the last 80 seconds of Flight MP495.
Perhaps because of the court cases against Martinair (court in Amsterdam) and the State of The Netherlands (court in The Hague), that were started end of 2012 on basis of above mentioned analysis, there were no public reactions regarding content and/or refutations to the 'Investigation Horlings'.
In July 2015 the court in The Hague appointed three non-Dutch experts to look into this case.
Hope was that the outcome of the analysis by these court experts, and subsequently the outcome of the court cases, would bring more clarity and hopefully peace of mind.
The January 2020 – verdict of the The Hague court did bring some more clarity and relief. Because of the limited scope of the task of the experts and the limited publication of their findings, many questions remain.
For a more complete picture of also the underlying causes of the crash, starting with the management and safety culture of Martinair, a Swiss Cheese Model type of investigation was needed.
Consequences (too little attention for)
Partly thanks to the aftermath of the crash of EL Al flight 1862 in Amsterdam, three months earlier, there is attention for possible psycho trauma, as PTSD, and for mourning.
For all the practical and long term real life consequences for surviving occupants and family members there is insufficiënt attention.
Because the people concerned live scattered all over The Netherlands, and even in other countries, there is too little awareness for and recognition of the real impact (High Energy Trauma) and consequences of the crash.
There is hardly any attention for invisible head injuries.
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury, especially Decelaration Injury, can easily be overlooked and consequences such as Mental Fatigue neglected.
Possible co-existence of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder interferes with the process of proper diagnosis and treatment.
• Investigation report, English (approx. 7 MB)
• Investigation report, Portuguese (approx. 3 MB)
Remarks in English by the web site author, related to investigation report topics:
• Meteorological flight preparation
• Engines (page updated June 2020)
• Experience of the crashed pilots on a DC-10
• Fire and alarm before the crash
• Premature power reduction
• Survivability of the crash
• On landing gear: PortugalResident January 20, 2016: 'Plane…never should have left Amsterdam'
Amongst other topics in this article: postponement, under pressure, of the replacement of a landing gear of the aircraft for the third time. Such a postponement could only be granted twice.
NB One of the determined probable causes of the crash was the fracture of of the right landing gear.
• Book in English by the web site author
• Book A Última Aterragem (in Portuguese) by Pedro Fernandes
• Wikipedia English
• Video of wreckage of PH-MBN on YouTube, 3:43
• animation of the incorrect approach and subsequent crash of the DC-10 Anthony Ruys
• YouTube-animation by FlightChannel on flight, crash en questions, approx. 15 minutes
• Algarve Daily News, December 21, 2018: Dutch air crash at Faro airport – 26-years ago on December 21st
For questions, remarks and/or suggestions, please contact
Cor tenHove via cortenhove -at- outlook.com .
Crashed 'Anthony Ruys'
Monument in Basilica Saint John (Laren – The Netherlands) for the victims of Martinair crash in Faro


An interesting case challenging the insurer's denial of coverage for stolen marijuana plants has been working its way through the Federal District Court in Hawaii. See Tracy v. USAA Cas. Ins. Co., Civil No. 11-00487 LEK-KSC (Order Granting Defendant's Motion for Summary Judgment, issued March 16, 2012).
Plaintiff had twelve marijuana plants stolen from her property. Plaintiff alleged she lawfully possessed the plants consistent with Hawaii law, which permitted individuals to possess and grow marijuana for medical purposes.
Plaintiff had a homeowner's policy with USAA. Loss of "tress, shrubs and other plants" was covered by the policy. Plaintiff notified USAA of the theft of her plants, claiming a loss of $45,600. USAA initially paid $8,801.90 for the loss, but then refused to make further payment because, it argued, plaintiff did not have an insurable interest in the plants.
Plaintiff sued for breach of the policy and an unreasonable/bad faith denial of her claim. USAA moved for summary judgment, contending plaintiff lacked an insurable interest in the marijuana plants under State and Federal law.
District Court Judge Leslie Koybayashi looked to Hawaii law in this diversity case. Hawaii enacted a medical-use-of-marijuana law in 2000. The law was passed as an affirmative defense to any prosecution involving marijuana. Hawaii law also provided an insurance policy was not enforceable except for the benefits of persons having an insurable interest in the property insured. Insurable interest meant any lawful interest in the safety or preservation of the property free from loss, destruction or pecuniary damage.
Based upon this authority, Judge Kobayashi predicted that the Hawaii Supreme Court would hold that a qualifying patient who was in strict compliance with the medical marijuana laws had a lawful interest in her marijuana supply. Therefore, plaintiff had an insurable interest in her marijuana plants. The court further assumed that the "trees, shrubs and other plants" provision of the policy covered Plaintiff's loss.
However, the court could not enforce the provision because Plaintiff's possession and cultivation of marijuana, even for state-authorized medical use, violated federal law, as noted in Gonzales v. Raich, 545 U.S. 1 (2005). Gonzales held that the federal Controlled Substances Act, 21 U.S.C. sec. 801 et seq., barred the medical use of marijuana and prevailed over any state law permitting such use.
Consequently, requiring USAA to insure for the replacement of medical marijuana plants would be contrary to federal law and public policy. As a matter of law, USAA's refusal to pay for Plaintiff's claim did not breach the policy. Nor did the denial of the claim constitute the tort of unreasonableness/bad faith.
Thanks to University of Hawaii, William S. Richardson School of Law, student Dave Yarber for sharing this decision. Dave has been carefully following the developments of this case.
Faced with an issue of first impression in California, the Court of Appeals held that a broker was not liable for failing to reveal the insurer's insolvency occurring after issuance of the policy. Pacific Rim Mechanical Contractors, Inc. v. Aon Risk Ins. Serv. West, Inc., 2012 Cal. App. LEXIS 232 (Cal. Ct. App. Feb. 28, 2012).
The developer for a construction project in downtown San Diego retained Aon as its broker to secure coverage. Aon procured a general liability policy for the project with Legion Indemnity Company. Legion was solvent when it issued the policy.
The developer hired Pacific Rim ("PacRim") as one of several subcontractors on the project. The parties entered into a contract in which the developer agreed to provide PacRim with liability insurance through anOwner Controlled Insurance Program ("OCIP"). Aon was not a party to the contract and PacRim was never its client. PacRim, however, enrolled in the OCIP by contacting Aon and providing all necessary paperwork.
During the construction project, an Illinois court entered an order of liquidation of Legion, finding it was insolvent. Aon informed the developer, but not PacRim. PacRim alleged that had it been informed of Legion's insolvency, it would have suspended work and insisted that the developer obtain alternative coverage for the project.
After completion of the project, the homeowners association filed a complaint for construction defects against the developer and its subcontractors. The developer filed a cross-complaint against PacRim and the other subcontractors seeking indemnity. PacRim then filed a cross-complaint against the developer and Aon for declaratory relief, breach of contract, negligence and other claims. PacRim alleged Aon had breached its duty of care by negligently or intentionally failing to disclose Legion's insolvency. The trial court sustained Aon's demurrer and PacRim appealed.
The Court of Appeal determined Aon did not have a duty to inform PacRim of Legion's post-issuance insolvency. PacRim was asking the court to create a new legal duty of notification of the insolvency after the policy was procured, and to apply the ruling retroactively against Aon. But Aon had no legal duty to provide notice of the discontinuation of coverage caused by legion's insolvency. PacRim did not allege that Aon failed to use reasonable care in procuring the policy. Instead, PacRim sought to impose upon brokers a new legal duty of notification after the policy was procured of the insolvency of an insurance company. That duty rested with the insurer.
The California Court of Appeals held that a carrier who breaches the duty to defend may be liable for consequential damages above policy limits. Carlson v. Century Surety Co., 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 23119 (N.D. Cal. Feb. 23, 2012).
The underlying plaintiffs listed their home for sale with Prudential California Realty. Plaintiffs entered into a sales agreement for $1,262,000. When the sale fell through, the purchaser released the $1,000 deposit to plaintiffs. The plaintiffs, however, demanded $5,000. It became clear that Prudential never deposited the $1,000 in escrow.
The plaintiffs sued Prudential, demanding over $65,000 in damages. Prudential tendered to its errors and omissions carrier, Century Surety Co., who denied coverage. The policy only provided coverage for a claim first made during the policy period if the insured had no basis to believe that any act or omission might reasonably be expected to be the basis of a claim. The policy period was from February 1, 2008 to February 1, 2009.
Prudential's file contained a letter from plaintiffs dated August 20, 2007, before the policy period, demanding that Prudential attend a mediation prior to the suit being filed. Prudential claimed it never received the August 20, 2007 letter regarding mediation.
Prudential agreed to allow a default judgment be entered for $3,334,834.61. Plaintiffs agreed to not execute on the judgment against Prudential in return for an assignment of rights under Prudential's policy with Century.
Acting under the assignment, plaintiffs sued Century for failing to defend and for breach of the covenant of good faith and fair dealing. In a prior decision, the court ruled Century had breached its duty to defend, but found questions remained regarding whether the settlement agreement and default judgment were reasonable and free from fraud or collusion.
Century now argued even though it incorrectly denied the claim, its action was not unreasonable. Century relied on the presumption that a letter correctly addressed and properly mailed was presumed to have been received in the ordinary course of mail. The court agreed that Century's denial of coverage was not unreasonable, so Century's motion for summary judgment on plaintiffs' allegations of breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing was granted.
Century's motion for summary judgment on whether plaintiffs' damages could exceed the policy limits, however, was denied. A plaintiff could recover consequential damages and an excess judgment by proving breach of the express terms of a policy. A judgment in excess of the policy limits was a foreseeable outcome of the breach of the duty to defend.
But to recover an agreed to default judgment against the insurer, the plaintiffs had to show the judgment was not unreasonable and was free from fraud or collusion. Here, theevidence showed that plaintiffs had colluded with Prudential. Both parties knew that the plaintiffs had first made their claim prior to the inception of the policy. Yet, the settlement agreement was conditioned on sworn declarations by Prudential and provided to plaintiffs stating that the insured was unaware of plaintiffs' claim prior the policy period.
Because the settlement agreement was collusive, plaintiffs were not entitled to any recovery from Century.
The Connecticut Supreme Court determined that the insured's homeowner's policy did not cover liability for injury to her house guests caused by a car left running overnight in the attached garage. See New London County Mut. Ins. Co. v. Nantes, 2012 Conn. LEXIS 62 (Conn. Feb. 21, 2012).
The insured had two house guests. One night she parked the car in the garage and closed the garage door, but neglected to turn of the engine. The car engine continued to run overnight, and the house filled with carbon monoxide. The house guests suffered serious neurological injuries from carbon monoxide poisoning. They suffered additional injuries when the insured dragged them, unconscious, out of the house.
The insured submitted claims for the house guests' medical expenses to the insurer, but the claims were denied. The insurer relied upon the following exclusion in the homeowner's policy: "[c]overage for personal liability and medical payments to others does not apply to 'bodily injury' or 'property damage' arising out the ownership, maintenance, use, loading or unloading of motor vehicles . . . ."
The insurer moved for a declaratory judgment on the policy's interpretation. The trial court granted summary judgment to the insurer. It concluded that all of the house guests' injuries, including the bodily injuries sustained while being dragged from the house, arose out of the use of the motor vehicle and were therefore excluded from coverage.
The Conneticut Supreme Court affirmed. First, the court rejected the argument that leaving a car in one's garage did not constitute the use of a motor vehicle. The insured parked the car in the garage. Parking was plainly an employment of a car for some purpose of the user.
The insured also argued that the doctrine of concurrent causes brought the injuries within the scope of coverage. Under the doctrine of concurrent causes, coverage was extended to a loss caused by the insured risk even though an excluded risk was a contributory cause. Here, whether the closing of the garage door, an arguably covered event, was a contributing cause of the house guests' injuries, was irrelevant. The fact that the insured's use of her motor vehicle was connected to a condition that caused injury to the house guests was enough to bring them within the motor vehicle exclusion.
Finally, the court held that the bodily injuries, caused by being dragged out of the house, were also excluded. Because the insured's negligent act of leaving her car running in the garage was the proximate cause of the injuries sustained by being dragged from the house, it followed that those injuries arose out of the use of her car. Consequently, they were connected to use of the vehicle and excluded from coverage.
Whether an appraisal award could be confirmed as an arbitration award considered by the Florida Court of Appeal in State Farm Florida Ins. Co. v. Gonzalez, 76 So. 3d 34 (Fla. Ct. App. 2011).
The insureds' home was damaged by a hurricane in 2005. State Farm acknowledged there was a covered loss, but an appraisal was needed because the parties disagreed on the amount of loss. In 2008, the insured's appraisal award was granted for loss in the amount of $29,763 for ordinance and law coverage and $84,090 for dwelling coverage. The appraisal award stated it was subject to the terms and conditions of the policy. State Farm paid the dwelling amount, but did not pay the ordinance and law portion because the policy required that this portion only be paid when the dwelling was actually repaired.
The insureds filed a Petition to Confirm Appraisal Award, alleging that State Farm failed to pay the ordinance and law portion and that all conditions precedent had been met. The insureds requested that the trial court confirm the appraisal award and enter a final judgment awarding them the ordinance and law amount.
The trial court granted the Petition to Confirm, but failed to articulate the reason. On appeal, State Farm contended that the trial court erred by entering the Final Judgment Pursuant to Appraisal Award.
The Court of Appeal noted that the insureds were arguing that State Farm breached the policy by not paying the ordinance and law portion of the appraisal award. Instead of filing a complaint, however, they filed the Petition to Confirm. There was no statute allowing for the filing of a Petition to Confirm an appraisal award. The trial court erroneously rejected State Farm's argument that a Petition to Confirm was not authorized and that the arbitration statutes were not applicable to appraisal awards.
Accordingly, the appellate court reversed, but remanded with instructions to allow the insureds to file a complaint alleging a viable cause of action against State Farm. The trial court was required to adjudicate State Farm's coverage defense as to the ordinance and law coverage.


text:
Q: gnuplot: How to draw disconnected lines with splot? This is not a duplicate of How to draw distinct line segments in gnuplot using splot .
The question is slightly different, but I also would like to splot disconnected lines with splot. The link above says that you have to introduce 2 empty lines in your data. That's what I am doing when creating $Data1.
Question: Why is $Data1 connected but $Data2 disconnected? I want to have $Data1 also disconnected. What's wrong? Any ideas? Bug or feature?
Edit:
@Ethan's answer basically leads to disconnected lines. But still, there is some inconsistency. When you create a datafile Data3.dat, it seems to be sufficient if you create it by just printing one \n, but in the file you see two \n. Why? I am confused.
Code:
### splot disconnected lines
reset session
set border 0
unset tics

set print $Data1
do for [i=1:3] {
    print sprintf("%.3f %.3f %.3f",rand(0),rand(0),rand(0))
    print sprintf("%.3f %.3f %.3f",rand(0),rand(0),rand(0))
    print "\n"; # print ""
}
set print

$Data2 <<EOD
0.266 0.838 0.173
0.413 0.985 0.102

0.173 0.879 0.478
0.375 0.748 0.659

0.605 0.365 0.966
0.001 0.426 0.129
EOD

FILE = "Data3.dat"
set print FILE
do for [i=1:3] {
    print sprintf("%.3f %.3f %.3f",rand(0),rand(0),rand(0))
    print sprintf("%.3f %.3f %.3f",rand(0),rand(0),rand(0))
    print "\n"
}
set print

splot \
    $Data1 u 1:2:3 w lp pt 7 lc rgb "red" t "Why is $Data1 connected?", \
    $Data2 u 1:2:3 w lp pt 7 lc rgb "web-green" t "$Data2 disconnected", \
    FILE   u 1:2:3 w lp pt 7 lc rgb "blue" t 'Why is FILE with just one "\\n" disconnected'
### end of code

Result: $Data1
0.949 0.287 0.592
0.547 0.876 0.294

0.468 0.930 0.703
0.294 0.990 0.919

0.038 0.550 0.467
0.222 0.390 0.941

Plot:

A: You are only creating one blank line, not two, between data blocks in $data1
set print $Data1
do for [i=1:3] {
    print sprintf("%.3f %.3f %.3f",rand(0),rand(0),rand(0))
    print sprintf("%.3f %.3f %.3f",rand(0),rand(0),rand(0))
    print "\n"
    print "\n"   # 2 blank lines required
}
set print

A: Version 5.2.6
gnuplot> set print $D; print ""
gnuplot> set print $E; print "\n"
gnuplot> set print $F; print "\n\n"
gnuplot> set print $G; print "\n\nX"
gnuplot> show var $

        Variables beginning with $:
        $D = <1 line data block>
        $E = <1 line data block>
        $F = <1 line data block>
        $G = <1 line data block>

Version 5.3
gnuplot> set print $D; print ""
gnuplot> set print $E; print "\n"
gnuplot> set print $F; print "\n\n"
gnuplot> set print $G; print "\n\nX"
gnuplot> show var $

        Variables beginning with $:
        $D = <1 line data block>
        $E = <1 line data block>
        $F = <2 line data block>
        $G = <3 line data block>

A: The question is actually not about splot, but:
How many blank lines do I get?
To summarize what I've understood from @Ethan's comments and answers,
Some test code:
### How many empty lines do I get?
reset session

set print $Data1; print "1 Dataline"; print "";      print "2 Dataline";
set print $Data2; print "1 Dataline"; print "\n";    print "2 Dataline";
set print $Data3; print "1 Dataline"; print "\n\n";  print "2 Dataline";
set print $Data4; print "1 Dataline"; print "\n\nX"; print "2 Dataline";

set print "Data1.txt"; print "1 Dataline"; print "";      print "2 Dataline";
set print "Data2.txt"; print "1 Dataline"; print "\n";    print "2 Dataline";
set print "Data3.txt"; print "1 Dataline"; print "\n\n";  print "2 Dataline";
set print "Data4.txt"; print "1 Dataline"; print "\n\nX"; print "2 Dataline";
set print

print $Data1
print $Data2
print $Data3
print $Data4
### end of code

Result:
A = print to a datablock (how gnuplot handles the datablock)
B = print datablock to gnuplot console (how gnuplot displays the datablock)
C = print to datafile

Blank lines:
                  5.2          5.3
               A   B   C    A   B   C
print ""       1   1   1    1   1?  1?
print "\n"     1   2   2    1   1?  1?
print "\n\n"   1   3   3    2   2?  2?
print "\n\nX"  1   2   2    2   2?  2?

To my opinion columns A, B, C should be identical. Well, they are not in 5.2 (gnuplot internal acts differently than what you see), this was my actual "problem".
Since I do not have 5.3, I cannot test B and C, so these columns are just a guess, please correct them if I am wrong. To my opinion they should be identical to column A.


Scott, S.K. (2016). Perception and production of speech: Connected, but how?. In Speech Perception and Spoken Word Recognition. (pp. 23-36). .
Scott, S. (2013). Laughter - the ordinary and the extraordinary. PSYCHOLOGIST, 26 (4), 264-268.
Scott, S. (2013). The researcher of the future ... makes the most of social media. LANCET, 381 5-6.
McGettigan, C., Evans, S., Rosen, S., Agnew, Z.K., Shah, P., Scott, S.K. (2012). An application of univariate and multivariate approaches in fMRI to quantifying the hemispheric lateralization of acoustic and linguistic processes. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 24 636-652.
Bareham, C.A., Manly, T., Scott, S.K., Bekinschtein, T. (2012). Losing your left side of the world during sleep onset: auditory spatial neglect-like effects in drowsy normal participants.
Scott, S.K., Sinex, D.G. (2012). Speech. In The Oxford Handbook of Auditory Science The Auditory Brain. .
Golestani, N., Price, C.J., Scott, S.K. (2011). Born with an ear for dialects? Structural plasticity in the 'expert' phonetician brain. The Journal of Neuroscience, 31 (11), 4213-4220.
Agnew, Z.K., McGettigan, C., Scott, S.K. (2011). Discriminating between auditory and motor cortical responses to speech and nonspeech mouth sounds. Journal of cognitive neuroscience, 23 4038-4047.
McGettigan, C., Warren, J.E., Eisner, F., Marshall, C.R., Shanmugalingam, P., Scott, S.K. (2011). Neural correlates of sublexical processing in phonological working memory. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 23 (4), 961-977.
McGettigan, C., Agnew, Z.K., Scott, S.K. (2010). Are articulatory commands automatically and involuntarily activated during speech perception?. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 107 (12), E42.
Scott, S.K. (2010). Perceptual centres in speech : an acoustic analysis..
Scott, S.K. (2010). Speech perception: Cortical processing. In Encyclopedia of Neuroscience. (pp. 227-231). .
Scott, S.K., McGettigan, C., Eisner, F. (2009). A little more conversation, a little less action: candidate roles for motor cortex in speech perception. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 10 (4), 295-302.
SCOTT, S., SAUTER, D., MCGETTIGAN, C. (2009). Brain mechanisms for processing perceived emotional vocalizations in humans. In Brudzynski, S.M. (Ed.), Handbook of Mammalian Vocalization. (pp. 187-198). Academic Pr.
Friederici, A., Kotz, S.A., Scott, S.K., Obleser, J. (2009). Disentangling Syntax and Intelligibility in Auditory Language Comprehension. Human Brain Mapping, 31 (3), 448-457.
Scott, S. (2009). Fry's English Delight.
Rauschecker, J.P., Scott, S.K. (2009). Maps and streams in the auditory cortex: nonhuman primates illuminate human speech processing. Nature Neuroscience, 12 (6), 718-724.
Scott, S.K., Rosen, S., Beaman, C.P., Davis, J., Wise, R.J.S. (2009). The neural processing of masked speech: evidence for different mechanisms in the left and right temporal lobes. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 125 (3), 1737-1743.
Eisner, F., McGettigan, C., Rosen, S., Faulkner, A., Scott, S.K. (2008). Cross-modal perceptual learning of spectrally degraded speech: Behavioral and neuroimaging studies.
MCGETTIGAN, C., ROSEN, S., SCOTT, S. (2008). Investigating the perception of noise-vocoded speech - an individual differences approach.
McGettigan, C., Rosen, S., Scott, S.K. (2008). Investigating the perception of noise-vocoded speech - an individual differences approach. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 123 (5), 3330.
Beaman, C.P., Bridges, A.M., Scott, S.K. (2007). From dichotic listening to the irrelevant sound effect: a behavioural and neuroimaging analysis of the processing of unattended speech.. Cortex, 43 (1), 124-134.
Omar, R., Henley, S.M., Hailstone, J.C., Sauter, D., Scott, S.K., Fox, N.C., ...Warren, J.D. (2007). Recognition of emotions in faces, voices and music in frontotemporal lobar degeneration.
McGettigan, C., Eisner, F., Rosen, S., Faulkner, A., Scott, S.K. (2007). Speech recognition and perceptual learning in simulations with noise-vocoded speech: Behavioural and neuroimaging studies.
Scott, S.K. (2007). The Neural Basis of Speech Perception - a view from functional imaging.
Warren, J.D., Scott, S.K., Price, C.J., Griffiths, T.D. (2006). Human brain mechanisms for the early analysis of voices. NeuroImage, 31 (3), 1389-1397.
Jacquemot, C., Scott, S.K. (2006). Jacquemot C, Scott SK. What is the relationship between phonological short-term memory and speech processing?. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 10 (11), 480-486.
Warren, J.E., Sauter, D.A., Eisner, F., Wiland, J., Dresner, M.A., Wise, R.J.S., ...Scott, S.K. (2006). Positive emotions preferentially engage an auditory-motor "mirror" system. Journal of Neuroscience, 26 (50), 13067-13075.
Sharp, D.J., Scott, S.K., Mehta, M.A., Wise, R.J. (2006). The neural correlates of declining performance with age: evidence for age-related changes in cognitive control.. Cerebral Cortex, 16 (12), 1739-1749.
Blair, R.J.R., Budhani, S., Colledge, E., Scott, S.K. (2005). Deafness to fear in boys with psychopathic tendencies. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 46 (3), 327-336.
Sauter, D., Wiland, J., Warren, J., Eisner, F., Calder, A., Scott, S.K. (2005). Sounds of joy - An investigation of vocal expressions of positive emotions.
Richardson, U., Thompson, J., Scott, S.K., Goswami, U.C. (2004). Auditory processing skills and phonological representation in dyslexic. Dyslexia, 10 215-233.
Richardson, U., Thomson, J.M., Scott, S.K., Goswami, U. (2004). Auditory processing skills and phonological representation in dyslexic children. Dyslexia, 10 (3), 215-233.
Griffiths, T.D., Warren, J., Scott, S.K., Nelken, I., King, A. (2004). Cortical processing of complex sound: a way forward?. Trends in Neurosciences, 27 (4), 181-185.
Sharp, D., Scott, S.K., Wise, R.J.S. (2004). Monitoring and the controlled processing of meaning: distinct prefrontal systems. Cerebral Cortex, 14 (1), 1-10.
Barnard, P.J., Scott, S., Taylor, J., May, J., Knightly, W. (2004). Paying attention to meaning. Psychological Science, 15 (3), 179-186.
Sharp, D.J., Scott, S.K., Crinion, J., Wise, R.J.S. (2004). Recovery from aphasia: The role of the basal language area.
Sharp, D.J., Scott, S.K., Wise, R.J.S. (2004). Retrieving meaning after temporal lobe infarction.
Sharp, D., Scott, S.K., Wise, R.J.S. (2004). Retrieving meaning after temporal lobe infarction: the role of the basal language area. Annals of Neurology, 56 (6), 836-846.
Scott, S.K., Wise, R.J. (2004). The functional neuroanatomy of prelexical processing in speech perception. Cognition, 92 (1-2), 13-45.
Scott, S.K. (2004). The neural representation of concrete nouns - what's right and what's left?. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 8 (4), 151-153.
Manly, T., Owen, A., McAvinue, L., Datta, A., Lewis, G., Scott, S., ...Robertson, I. (2003). Enhancing the sensitivity of a sustained attention task to frontal damage: convergent clinical and functioning imaging evidence. Neurocase, 9 (4), 340-349.
Calder, A.J., Keane, J., Manly, T., Sprengelmeyer, R., Scott, S.K., Nimmo-Smith, I., Young, A.W. (2003). Facial expression recognition across the adult lifespan. Neuropsychologia, 41 (2), 195-202.
Scott, S., Wise, R. (2003). Functional Imaging and Language: a critical guide to methodology and analysis. Speech Communication, 41 (1), pp.7-21.
Scott, S., Leff, A., Wise, R. (2003). Going beyond the information given: a neural system supporting semantic interpretation. NeuroImage, 19 (3), 870-876.
Scott, S. (2003). How might we best conceptualise speech perception? The view from neurobiology. Journal of Phonetics, 31 (3-4), 417-422.
Scott, S., Wise, R. (2003). PET and fMRI studies of the neural basis of speech perception. Speech Communication, 41 (1), pp.23-34.
Owen, A., Menon, D., Johnsrude, I., Bor, D., Scott, S., Manly, T., ...Pickard, J. (2002). Detecting residual cognitive function in persistent vegetative state. Neurocase, 8 (5), pp.394-403.
Scott, S., Wise, R. (2002). Functional neuroimaging studies of patients. Neurocase, 8 (5), pp.343-344.
Scott, S.K., Wise, R.J.S. (2002). Functional neuroimaging studies of patients. NEUROCASE, 8 (5), 343-344.
Calder, A., Lawrence, A., Keane, J., Scott, S., Owen, A., Christoffels, I., Young, A. (2002). Reading the mind from eye gaze. Neuropsychologia, 40 (8), pp.1129-1138.
Blank, S., Scott, S., Murphy, K., Warbuton, E., Wise, R. (2002). Speech production: Wernicke, Broca and beyond. Brain, 125 (8), pp.1829-1838.
Scott, S., Rosen, S., Spitsyna, G., Faulkner, A., Neville, L., Wise, R. (2002). The Neural Basis of Cross Modal Enhancement in Speech Perception: A Pet Study.
Blair, R., Mitchell, D., Richell, R., Kelly, S., Leonard, A., Newman, C., Scott, S. (2002). Turning a deaf ear to fear: impaired recognition of vocal affect in psychopathic individuals. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 111 (4), 682-686.
Wise, R.J.S., Scott, S.K., Blank, S.C., Mummery, C.J., Warburton, E. (2001). Identifying separate neural sub-systems within 'Wernicke's area'. Brain, 124 83-95.
Narain, C., Scott, S.K., Leff, A., Matthews, P.M., Iversen, S.D., Wise, R. (2001). Left lateralised response specific to intelligible speech: an fMRI study.
Scott, S. (2001). New York, New York; so good you get repetition priming. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 5 (8), 324-325.
Wise, R.J.S., Scott, S.K., Blank, S.C., Mummery, C.J., Murphy, K., Warburton, E.A. (2001). Separate neural subsystems within 'Wernicke's area'. Brain, 124 (1), 83-95.
Scott, S., Barnard, P., May, J. (2001). Specifying executive representations and processes in number generation tasks. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A: Human Experimental Psychology, 54 (3), pp.641-664.
Leff, A.P., Scott, S.K., Rothwell, J.C., Wise, R.J.S. (2001). The planning and guiding of reading saccades: a repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation study. Cerebral Cortex, 11 (10), 918-923.
Scott, S.K., Leff, A., Blank, C., Wise, R.J.S. (2001). The role of medial prefrontal cortex in the representation of task-specific meaning.
Barnard, P., Scott, S., May, J. (2001). When the central executive lets us down: schemas, attention and load in a generative working memory task. Memory, 9 (4), pp.209-221.
Scott, S.K., Holmes, A., Friston, K.J., Wise, R.J.S. (2000). A thalamo-prefrontal system for representation in executive response choice. NeuroReport, 11 (7), 1523-1527.
Leff, A.P., Scott, S.K., Crewes, H., Hodgson, T.L., Cowey, A., Howard, D., Wise, R.J.S. (2000). Impaired reading in patients with right hemianopia. Annals of Neurology, 47 (2), 171-178.
Wise, R.J.S., Howard, D., Mummery, C.J., Fletcher, P., Leff, A., Buchel, C., Scott, S.K. (2000). Noun imageability and the temporal lobes.. Neuropsychologia, 38 (7), 985-994.
Scott, S.K. (2000). Review of 'Models of the Self.'. Trends in Cognitive Science, 4 (6), 247-248.
Scott, S.K., Mattingley, J., Manly, T., Wise, R.J.S. (2000). Spatial attention deficits and the perception of interaural rhythmic sequences - a preliminary study.. In Desain, P., Windsor, L. (Eds.), Rhythm Perception and Production. Lisse: Swets.
Wise, R.J.S., Greene, J., Buchel, C., Scott, S.K. (1999). Brain systems for word perception and articulation.. The Lancet, 353 (9158), 1057-1061.
Scott, S., Leff, A., Wise, R. (1999). Can a human being be a lemon? A neural system for thinking about meaning.
Mummery, C.J., Ashburner, J., Scott, S.K., Wise, R.J.S. (1999). Functional neuroimaging of speech perception in six normal and two aphasic subjects. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 106 449-457.
Morris, J., Scott, S., Dolan, R. (1999). Saying it with feeling: neural responses to emotional vocalizations. Neuropsychologia, 37 (10), pp.1155-1163.
Scott, S.K., Young, A.W., Calder, A.J., Hellawell, D.J., Aggleton, J.P., Johnson, M. (1997). Impaired auditory recognition of fear and anger following bilateral amygdala lesions.. Nature, 385 254-257.
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SCHAUMBURG, IL – The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) has called a rare emergency meeting earlier today after one of its most highly-recognized members, Ryan Grossman, fell victim to an incredibly cruel prank: a surgeon stole all of his drapes.
Some of the missing drapes. If you see any of these, call 911.
Grossman declined to be interviewed on account of active panic attacks and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
From several credible sources, Gomerblog has been able to tease out the following: At 6:45 AM, Grossman reported to operating room 5 at Atlanta Memorial Hospital (AMH). After going through the usual steps, his patient was easily intubated and anesthetized. It was as he tried to prepare the ritual drape to set the boundaries between Surgery and Anesthesia that he saw there were no drapes, and horror immediately set in.
Though no one has claimed responsibility, general surgeon Pericles Economos is the number one suspect. For one, the patient Grossman was prepping belonged to Economos. Two, Economos was already scrubbed in and started laughing hysterically, pointing even, when Grossman fell to the ground.
News traveled quickly through the ranks of the Department of Anesthesiology at AMH. In fact, within 15 minutes, it had spread to Jeffrey Plagenhoef, the President of the ASA. Without hesitation, he called an emergency meeting, bringing in over 20,000 fellow anesthesiologists across the country to discuss today's events, how to prevent future drape thefts, and potentially to plan retaliation.