text:
Foundation▲▼
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Jason Ruiz
Barbara Johnston
Pilsen, a neighborhood on the lower west side of Chicago, has long been a home for immigrant communities. Czech immigrants began settling in the late nineteenth century, followed by other Eastern Europeans. In the 1960s, in part due to the neighborhood's reputation for being a gateway for immigrants, Mexicans began settling in Pilsen as well. Following the subsequent "white flight," when assimilated European immigrants moved in droves to the suburbs, Pilsen and surrounding neighborhoods became some of the most densely populated Mexican immigrant communities in the nation. Today, six decades after the first big wave of Mexican migration, Pilsen remains the heart of Latino Chicago.
Pilsen is also home to the city's greatest concentration of public art depicting Latino identity, its streets making up an outdoor gallery of dozens of murals that draw on an assortment of visual styles, from the language of early-twentieth-century Mexican muralists to contemporary street art aesthetics. The murals not only beautify the neighborhood; they depict and comment on the concerns of Pilsen residents over time, such as immigration, gentrification, faith, and violence. Visitors seek out these uniquely local artistic expressions but, at the moment, they also cannot satisfy their curiosity about the murals' origins and meaning.
In 2010, Jason Ruiz, a scholar of Latinx Studies who has long been fascinated by the murals but frustrated by the lack of publicly available information about them, developed walking tours of the neighborhood for his students. Since then, colleagues and nonprofit groups have called on him to lead the tour dozens of times, leading him to deepen his understanding of the murals, their creators, and the community they represent.
In partnership with the National Museum of Mexican Art, Notre Dame's Historic Urban Environment Lab, and a range of local artists and residents, Ruiz will use the Fellowship to translate his expertise into a digital toolkit including an interactive walking tour, interviews with artists and scholars, and animated timelines. At a moment when these historic murals have become especially vulnerable to the threats of displacement and gentrification, Ruiz's project will not only give residents and visitors in-depth access to them, it will also preserve their stories for future generations.
Jason Ruiz is an associate professor of American studies at the University of Notre Dame, where he is a faculty fellow of the Institute for Latino Studies. The author of Americans in the Treasure House: Travel to Porfirian Mexico and the Cultural Politics of Empire, his commentary has been featured in The New York Times, Flow TV, The Chronicle of Higher Education, and other media outlets. Ruiz also co-founded the Twin Cities GLBT Oral History Project, which collected hundreds of hours of oral historical evidence now archived at the University of Minnesota and led to the publication of his co-edited volume Queer Twin Cities. He is currently working on a book-length project exploring how popular culture has framed Latinos and Latin America in relation to the War on Drugs.
Project: Latinx Murals of Pilsen: A Digital Toolkit for Scholarship, Teaching, and Discovery
Whiting Award
Nonfiction Grant
Magazine Prizes
Public Engagement Programs
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Site by PASTPRESENTFUTURE, with design by Language Arts


Wine tasting events are no longer for just the upper crust, rich and famous. Now more than ever ordinary people are taking advantage of amazing wine tastings happening across the country.
The best places to go for free wine tasting events are California and in New York. Within these two states alone, hundreds of vineyard owners make the world's best wine, and consequently, hold many exclusive wine tasting events. Touring one of these vineyard often leads to free wine sampling.
Another way to get a free wine tasting is to sign up for rewards programs from debit and credit card companies. Sometimes, you can earn a free wine tasting access without even realizing it through these programs.
Also, check out free.com com to find coupons and wine offers so you can score great deals on wine from all over the country.


text:
A traditional manuscript reading, Mocoan kicked off the preservation of around 5000 manuscript pages in Banyuwangi
PRESERVING 12,743 PALM LEAF MANUSCRIPTS IN LUANG PRABANG
Preserving Diversity, DREAMSEA Digitising Islamic, Catholic and Chinese Manuscripts in East Indonesia
DREAMSEA Mission in Banyuwangi
Banyuwangi, DREAMSEA – Monday night (18/3). Ten people dressed in black shirts and batik wrap aroundswearing a head cloth (udheng) gathered in the building of the Osing adat community in Banyuwangi, East Java, Indonesia. They were around 60 to 70 years of age but also Ilham and Mala were among them who are students of the PGRI university in Banyuwangi who were only 18 and 25 years old. They are all members of the Mocoan Reboan and Mocoan Lontar Yusuf Milenial manuscript reading communities.
The members of these communities had come together to welcome DREAMSEA who had come to Banyuwangi with the target to digitise around 5000 pages of manuscripts owned by people in Banyuwangi. The DREAMSEA team is led by A. Ginanjar Sya'ban (team leader) assisted by Wiwin Indiarti (PGRI University, Banyuwangi), Tedi Permadi (Manassa, Nusantara Manuscript Society), and Satrio Widiananto (Paseban Tri Panca Tunggal).
Ginanjar said that the preservation of the manuscripts starts with cleaning them to get rid of dust and insects. After this phase, the scholarly data of the manuscripts are compiled and the photographing of the manuscripts starts.
"After having been photographed, the manuscript images will be uploaded on an online database. The manuscript owners will also get the digital versions of their manuscripts while the physical manuscripts will remain with their owners and will be preserved there," Ginanjar said.
The manuscripts are owned by 11 owners, among them pesantrengroups and farmers. Most manuscripts contain religious lessons but the way the manuscripts from these groups were produced differs. Those from pesantren backgrounds contain core Islamic lessons on theology and Sufism and are written in prose. They were written in Arabic and Javanese by an ulama from Banyuwangi.
"All these manuscripts are the legacy of Kiai Saleh Lateng, one of the founders of the Ansor Nahdlatul Ulama. There are also letters that point to a correspondence between him and ulama from Nusantara residing in Mecca", said Ayung Notonegoro, one of the manuscript owners who also founded the Pegon Community.
The manuscripts owned by the farmer community tend to contain stories about the prophets and were written in poetic form. They are the LontarYusuf, Serat Anbiya, Lontar Juwarsah, and Lontar Ahmad. Until today, these manuscripts continue to be read in traditional Mocoanreading sessions by the local community.
Mocoan Reboan and Mocoan Lontar Yusuf Milenial manuscript reading communities
The tradition that has been preserved until today is that of the reading of the Lontar Yusuf. According to Wiwin Indiarti, who is one of the founders of this community, it started with a group of young people who began to join the continuation of this tradition. It is for this reason that she became inspired to create the Mocoan Lontar Yusuf Milenial group of which Ilham and Mala are also members. In the meeting this time, they displayed their LontarYusufreading skills in front of the DREAMSEA team.
"Before the digitisation of the manuscripts starts, we would like to invite the team to say prayers for all the manuscript owners and writers. One of these prayers is the reading of the Lontar Yusuf', Wiwin explained [MNF]

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Description: This recall involves The Laundress laundry detergent, fabric conditioner and other cleaning products, a complete list of which is available at www.TheLaundressRecall.com, with lot codes beginning with a prefix letter F and the last four digits numbered 9354 or less, H and the last four digits numbered 2262 or less, and T and the last four digits numbered 5264 or less. For a complete list of products, visit www.TheLaundressRecall.com. All products have "The Laundress - New York" printed at the top of the label. The Laundress is recalling all products manufactured at the affected facility through September 2022. [Learn More]
The Laundress Recalls Laundry Detergent and Household Cleaning Products Due to Risk of Exposure to Bacteria
Recalled The Laundress laundry detergents. Recalled The Laundress stain solution and fabric conditioners
Hazard The recalled products can contain bacteria, including Burkholderia cepacia complex, Klebsiella aerogenes and multiple different species of Pseudomonas, many of which are environmental organisms found widely in soil and water, and some may also be found in humans. People with weakened immune systems, external medical devices, and underlying lung conditions who are exposed to the bacteria face a risk of serious infection that may require medical treatment. The bacteria can enter the body if inhaled, or through the eyes or a break in the skin. People with healthy immune systems are usually not affected by the bacteria.
Injuries The company is aware of 11 consumers who have reported Pseudomonas infections and is investigating these reports to see if there is any connection to the recalled products.
Remedy Consumers should immediately stop using the recalled products. Consumers who purchased the recalled products on or after January 2021 may request a refund using either a photo of the lot code with their initials and the date written in marker or a receipt, or if purchased through www.TheLaundress.com, consumers can submit their e-mail address for a refund. Consumers who purchased the recalled products before January 2021 should take a photo of the lot code with their initials and the date written in marker and contact The Laundress for a full refund of the purchase price, with receipt, or of the manufacturer's suggested retail price, without receipt. After requesting a refund, consumers should dispose of the product by closing the bottle tightly and placing it in household trash. Do not empty the product prior to disposal.
Contact The Laundress at 800-681-1915 from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. ET Monday through Friday, or online at www.TheLaundressRecall.com or at www.TheLaundress.com and click "Get Started" on the homepage to begin the reimbursement process.


text:
Iron oxide mining started in the Dunderland valley more than 100 years ago. Until 1999 iron ore was only mined by open pit methods. Today Rana Gruber operates the Kvannevann underground mine as well as satellite deposits which are mined by open-pit methods.
Open stope mining method has been used in the underground mine until 2012.
Vertical projections showing the ore body occurrence in the Ørtfjell area. Showing the old open pit, the access ramp to the underground mine and mined are in blue.
Sublevel open stope mining has been used over a total length of 1,200 m of the Kvannevann ore body. The main and first production level was established at 250 m above sea level. A total of 16 stopes on average 60 m long, 30 m wide and 100 m high were aligned along the ore body. These were separated by a number of 30 m thick vertical pillars. The crown pillar is on average 30 m thick and separates the bottom of the open pit and underground operation.
Production drilling is carried out from production drifts at level 320 m. A standard 360 degrees fan is drilled every 3 m with hole lengths chosen to encompass the iron ore. Additional production drilling is done from level 250 m upwards to create a funnel shaped design for the lower part of the stope.
Since 2007 parts of the crown pillar within the center part of the mine have been blasted for stability field test reasons and to increase the mine production.
The extractable ore in the Kvannevann Mine is estimated at 44.8 million tons based on sublevel caving between level 219 m to 123 m above sea level. The average iron content is estimated at 33.5%, including a magnetite content estimated at 3.5%. The waste rock composed of intrusions in the ore and form the side walls has been estimated to contain 11% Fe mainly bound to silicates and not as iron oxides
The method is now in transition to sub-level caving. One major step in this transition was the "Giant blast" which took place in October 2010, where approximately 2 million tons of rocks were freed by using 219 tons of explosives.
The construction of the new mine level led to the establishment of a new infrastructure around the Ørtfjell iron ore deposits.
The ore in the underground mine is transported by trucks and crushed at the new underground crushing station. Conveyor belts transports the ore to the central underground storage silo. Ore from the open pit operations is taken the main crusher and blended with the underground ore in the silo. The crushed ore from the silo is filled in railway wagons. This filling takes place underground due to the special climate conditions of the area. The ore is then transported by rail to the dressing plant at Gullsmedvik.


Beautiful wedding dresses of the highest quality!
You know we're all about supporting home-grown talent, so when we discovered the stunning gowns from Rania Hatoum, we were excited to learn that the designer had grown up in Hong Kong. The influence of Rania's half-Chinese, half-Egyptian background can be seen in her creative, elegant dresses, each one unique in its own way. Over the past five years, Hatoum has successfully taken the USA bridal business by storm, grasping the attention of Vogue, WWD and Brides Magazine. Now she's come back to start the business in Hong Kong, and we couldn't be more excited! If you're a bride-to-be looking for a totally original gown for the big day, a visit to Rania Hatoum's Hong Kong salon is not to be missed.
Why we love Rania Hatoum!
There are so many designers and boutiques to consider when you're on the hunt for your wedding dress, but we love that Rania Hatoum caters for women all shapes and sizes. Stocking sizes that range from petite to a size US 28, you're sure to find a dress that fits you like a glove! It's all about feeling comfortable and beautiful on your big day, and Rania Hatoum even offers custom gowns starting at $30,000 (HKD) if you want your dress to be absolutely perfect. With a culturally diverse background of her own, you'll find a variety of styles that can be worn at city and destination weddings alike… she's got you covered!
What makes the elegant designs from Rania Hatoum even better is the high quality of all the materials. Only the finest silk lace and fabrics are used, sourced from France, Italy, Korea and Japan, and all crystals and pearls and Swarovski. What's more, you won't find the same patterns of beading anywhere else as Hatoum designs all the beadwork and embroidery herself – all of which is hand-done in India. These exquisitely made, stunning dresses are definitely worth a browse if you're looking for a wedding or bridesmaid dress… and the lovely staff will make sure that you feel happy and comfortable at your appointment.
Having an in-house designer who simply wants to make any bride-to-be happy, no matter what size, style or budget they have, is what makes us so excited to welcome this store to Hong Kong's shores. We'll see you there, Sassy Brides!
Sassy brides-to-be are in luck, as you can bag 10% off your entire purchase at Rania Hatoum when you mention Sassy in-store!
Rania Hatoum Bridal & Occasions, RM. 20, 6F/L., Cosmopolitan Center, 760 Nathan Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 5182 1983, www.raniahatoum.com. Dress range from $6,000 (HKD) – $30,000 (HKD).


Nate was reading over my shoulder one day when I received an email asking me if I'd like to share some information about Power Ranger toys. He was excited, and became even more excited when they offered to send me toys for the boys to review!
The first toy we opened was the Power Ranger RPM Deluxe Formula Megazord High Octane Megazord . This toy looks like a robot, but breaks down into 3 fun cars (or Zords) for the kids to play with. It was a big hit in our house -- not only with my boys (ages 7 & 9) but also with their friends.
Colin volunteered to record a review of the toy, so here is his vlog entry and review of Power Ranger RPM Deluxe Formula Megazord High Octane Megazord !


Sexual girl, want light dating with a pleasant development. Surprise me, call me and come to me, if you want I'll get dressed, as you say!
Hot babe, I want non-serious relationship of a sexual nature. Right now, dial my phone number and come to visit, get dressed, as you wish!
Choose yourself the one you need from the list of profiles whores in Cereal.


Omen recalls meeting J. Cole on a Canibus message board more than a decade ago in XXL's Spring 2019 Dreamville cover story.
Bas opens up about his musical development and future music plans.
J.I.D speaks on spitting his XXL 2018 Freshman freestyles while "off the zoinkys" in XXL's Spring 2019 Dreamville cover story.
Cozz speaks on redefining the sound of California rappers in XXL's Spring 2019 Dreamville cover story.
Lute opens up about his three upcoming solo albums in XXL's Spring 2019 Dreamville cover story.
EarthGang speaks on how Dreamville stacks up against classic hip-hop crews in XXL's Spring 2019 Dreamville cover story.
J. Cole and his Dreamville Records team cover the spring 2019 issue of XXL magazine.


.Phonic world's Teachers Training Workshop for schools is an Intense 2 days programme that covers the Teaching methodology ¬and an activity based practical learning which will unlock the potential of every teacher.
An introduction to Blockchain, Cryptocurrency and Ethereum led by Chintan Shah, Product Manager & Blockchain Architech.
Planning to learn new skills this year. Start with this free opportunity of learning VLSI Design using Verilog HDL. This workshop is a great hands-on experience.
Future Pharma Conferences 2019 invites all the participants from all over the world to attend 12th World Congress on Future Pharma during January 28-29, 2019 at Paris, France.
Conference Series LLC Ltd. is glad to announce that 16th World Congress on Gastroenterology and Therapeutics is going to be held on January 30-31, 2019 in Bangkok, Thailand.
The three-day exhibition and concurrent conference sessions will flash light on the latest trends and technologies in Telecom, Broadcast, Cable and Satellite, TV Cloud & Big Data, IoT, Digital Homes, Mobile devices, Film and Radio etc.


Is your LinkedIn headline your job title? You can do so much more to help you get noticed!
Unless you are using LinkedIn exclusively for sales for your current company, use the 20 characters available.
- the skills you possess that are relevant for your next career goal.
Contact people on LinkedIn to check on your application status, inquire about best fit, and to build a target network. Make messages personal and follow up for maximum benefit.
Not Employed? Do This on LinkedIn!


text:
Q: Не рендерится destroy <%= link_to 'Show', dog %>
<%= link_to 'Edit', edit_dog_path(dog) %>
<%= link_to 'Destroy', dog, method: :delete, data: { confirm: 'Are you sure?' } %>

def destroy
  @dog.destroy
  respond_to do |format|
    format.html { redirect_to dogs_url, notice: 'Dog was successfully destroyed.' }
    format.json { head :no_content }
  end
end

Код сгенерирован с помощью команды rails generate scaffold Dog name:string
При нажатии на Destroy просто открывается страница пёсика.
Как пофиксить и почему это перестало работать?
// This is a manifest file that'll be compiled into application.js, which will include all the files
// listed below.
//
// Any JavaScript/Coffee file within this directory, lib/assets/javascripts, vendor/assets/javascripts,
// or any plugin's vendor/assets/javascripts directory can be referenced here using a relative path.
//
// It's not advisable to add code directly here, but if you do, it'll appear at the bottom of the
// compiled file.
//
// Read Sprockets README (https://github.com/rails/sprockets#sprockets-directives) for details
// about supported directives.
//
//= require jquery
//= require jquery_ujs
//= require turbolinks
//= require_tree .

A: У вас не указан путь. Для edit указан, а для destroy - нет
Попробуйте так:
<%= link_to 'Destroy', dog_path(dog), method: :delete, data: { confirm: 'Are you sure?' } %>

P.S. Хотя, скорее всего, дело не в этом.
Мне кажется, что у вас библиотека jquery-ujs либо не подключена, либо подключена, но не навешивает обработчик на ссылку.
А ссылка на удаление у вас динамически рисуется на клиенте?

A: Проблему решила установка Node.js и перезапуск терминала.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Кічий Іван Васильович (  — ) — член правління Всеукраїнської спілки краєзнавців, член Волинського обласного товариства краєзнавців, лауреат премії імені Дмитра Яворницького, заслужений працівник народної освіти України (1993). Учасник багатьох обласних історико-краєзнавчих конференцій «Минуле і сучасне Волині», VI—VIII Подільських, V Вінницької, IV—VI Всеукраїнських наукових конференцій з історії краєзнавства, учасник багатьох інших регіональних, державних та міжнародних семінарів, симпозіумів, конференцій. Автор більше 70-ти публікацій, з яких переважна більшість з історії України та Волинського краю.

Життєпис
Кічий Іван Васильович народився 28 липня 1943 року у Згоранах Любомльського району. Після закінчення школи працював у колгоспі.

У 1963—1966 рр. перебував на службі в радянській армії. В 1967—1968 рр. працював вихователем Згоранського дитячого санаторію, згодом — вчителем історії Самійличівської восьмирічної школи.

У 1968—1972 рр. навчався на історичному факультеті Луцького державного педагогічного інституту ім. Лесі Українки. В 1976—1979 рр. Іван Кічий — аспірант Інституту історії АН УРСР.

У 1981 році захистив кандидатську дисертацію під керівництвом доктора історичних наук Гамрецького Ю. М. З 1983 року працював на посаді асистента, старшого викладача, з 1986 року — доцента кафедри історії СРСР, а з 1990 року — завідувача кафедри історії України Луцького державного педагогічного інституту імені Лесі Українки. У 1992 році отримав звання професора.

Помер історик 4 лютого 2005 року. Похований, згідно заповіту, у Згоранах Любомльського району, має сина та внуків.

Заслужені працівники народної освіти УРСР
Кандидати історичних наук СРСР
Лауреати премії імені Дмитра Яворницького
Професори

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: How to log request and response in Vertx framework for Java Application I tried this one https://github.com/zalando/logbook but it only works in spring based application. Does someone knows how to log request and response in Vertx framework?

A: This is a bit of a broad question, but let me try to answer it in a couple of segments.
First, I assume you are looking for a logger library. Vertx provides something like that, but it is deprecated and they encourage you to use third-party libs like Log4J or SLF4J. To use it, you need to add it as a dependency to your pom.xml like this (assuming you use maven):
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
    <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
    <version>1.7.32</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
    <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
    <version>1.7.32</version>
</dependency>

After that, you can instantiate a logger like this:
final static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger("loggerName");
and use it like this:
logger.info("Logging this message!")
As to where to log HTTP request, you have to go where you handle your HTTP routes and define and register a handler. For response, that is something you send so you easily log (with logger) in the place in the code where you create it. This is how you would handle HTTP request logging:
final Handler<RoutingContext> loggingHandler = routingContext -> {
    // here you access properties of routingContext.request() and log what you want
}
router.route().handler(loggingHandler);

As for response, somewhere in your code you create response like this: HttpServerResponse response = context.response().setStatusCode(status); and then send it with response.end(content). Before calling .end() you can log what you need by accessing properties of response.

A: Add the following handler to your router and log to your needs
private fun loggingHandler(routingContext: RoutingContext) {
    routingContext.addHeadersEndHandler {
      // log context.request() and context.response() as required
    }
    routingContext.next()
}


text:
Sigma Run donations can now be done on Gustazos
Sagicor Jamaica Group | 2019-02-12 14:30:00
Persons wishing to support the Sagicor Sigma Corporate Run fundraising efforts are now able to donate via the popular e-commerce platform Gustazos. Gustazos (Jamaica) launched the donation drive on Tuesday February 5, giving persons the option to donate to the cause starting at a minimum of JA $250; there is also the option for persons to donate in $500 and $1000 denominations. There is no limit to how much and the number of times persons can donate.
The Gustazos platform is another fundraising avenue being used by the Sagicor Foundation to engage persons to give back to the beneficiaries of the 2019 Sigma Run: The Lupus Foundation of Jamaica; the Diabetes Association of Jamaica; and the May Pen Hospital Neonatal Unit.
The charity event, now in its 21st staging, is aiming to raise $52 million for the three beneficiaries.
Sigma Team Lead and Assistant Vice President, Sagicor Jamaica Group Marketing, Alysia White, is encouraging the public to donate using the platform, which offers simple steps to donate on a smartphone, tablet or desktop computer.
"We recognize that there are many persons locally and overseas who want to support the cause but want an accessible and easy way to do so. We are so grateful to Gustazos for coming on board, so everyone has an opportunity to contribute to a great cause," she said.
The donation option is available at www.gustazos.com until Saturday, February 9; the donation option will open again on Friday, February 15 and close on race day, Sunday, February 17.
The public can also contribute to the 2019 beneficiaries using direct deposit, cash drop off and wire transfer at any Sagicor Bank branch. Visit the Sagicor Sigma Corporate Run website at www.sagicorsigmarun.com for account information or contact the Sagicor Sigma Run Secretariat at 28-48 Barbados Ave, Kingston 5; email SGJSigmaSecretariat@sagicor.com or call 876-936-7980-2.
The Sagicor Sigma Corporate Run is the largest road race in the Caribbean and has accrued more than $350 million in donations for over 30 beneficiaries since inception. The event saw record 26,519 registrants for the 2018 staging, raising $50 million for the Spanish Town Hospital's Neonatal Unit and St Christopher's School for Deaf.
Posted By :Suzette Shaw-Reid
Company Name : Sagicor Jamaica Group
Company Address : 28-48 Barbados Avenue Kingston 5
Other Press Release By Sagicor Jamaica Group
SAGICOR BANK HANDS OVER $450,000 SHOPPING VOUCHERS IN ZERO-IN PROMOTION
SAGICOR LIFE PARTNERS WITH COURTS OPTICAL TO OFFER FREE EYE SCREENING
Sagicor Group Jamaica closes offices due to Hurricane Matthew
More press release from Sagicor Jamaica Group
German Embassy donates $ 5.7m to Hurricane "Sandy" relief efforts
The Office of Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Management (ODPEM) will receive a $ 5.7 million donation from the German Government to support recovery and relief efforts in the aftermath of Hurricane "Sandy".
International journalist to be guest speaker at PAJ awards
Outstanding British journalist and union leader Jeremy Dear is to be the guest speaker at the 2012 Press Association of Jamaica (PAJ) Awards which will be held on Friday December 7 at the Pegasus Hotel in New Kingston.
More Featured Releases...
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One day, One Planet, One goal. Millions of people in 150 countries on this World Cleanup Day are united to clean up our world, protect our environment, human and animal lives.
On September 15, volunteers and partners worldwide will come together to clean up litter and mismanaged wastes from our streets, paths, rivers, lakes, forests, beaches, and anywhere we left wastes.
You can support CWBSA while shopping at Amazon.com without sending any money.
Simply login to smile.amazon.com and select Clean Water Blue Sky Association as your charity of donation.
Every time you shop at smile.amazon.com, you help CWBSA.
Reduce plastic bags can save our planet!
Environment regulations implementation effectiveness studies.
Foster the mobilization of resources and strategies for the protection of the environment.
Promote best practices for sustainable development.
Promote integrated solutions for clean water, clean air, and a green earth.
Provide educational and outreach programs supporting an eco-friendly lifestyle.
A free, convenient service for converting that extra car, truck, or RV into a tax deductible donation benefiting Clean Water Blue Sky Association.
Clean Water Blue Sky Association in partnership with the Pike School in Andover, MA, and We Care Act in Houston, organized a school supply donation at Pike School during Sept 8-12, 2017, collected hundreds of new and unused school supplies of notebooks, pens, pencils, erasers, color pens, markers, glues, staples, folders, binders, scissors, sharpeners, backpacks, lunch bags, and so on. Packed in 7 boxes, these urgently needed materials have been sent to Houston for the hurricane impacted students.


text:
Kaweah (Yokuts: Gā'wia) is an unincorporated community in Tulare County, California, United States. Kaweah is  north-northwest of Three Rivers. Kaweah has a post office with ZIP code 93237.

Climate
This region experiences warm hot and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above 100 °F.  According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Kaweah has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps.

References

Unincorporated communities in Tulare County, California
Unincorporated communities in California


Cape Town – Let's be honest, from the beaches of KZN to the skyscraper poolsides of Jozi, we love a hot body. Especially when it belongs to a local star that isn't too shy.
So, we have rounded up some of the best local booty (and more) that we could fit into a yummy short list for you to share our juicy obsession.
1. We already told you how hot Zuraida Jardine looked on her holiday in Mexico, but it bares (sorry) mentioning again.
Here she is wowing us while having a shower.
Cause it's 40 degrees in Mexico right now ????????????????????
2. Ryan Botha is always at the gym working up a sweat so there's no surprise that he looks so great with nothing on.
Here he is in bed.
3. Boity broke the internet before Kim with this shot shown inside the covers of Marie Claire's Naked issue a little while ago in 2014.
4. Pam Andrews. Need we say more about this social media loving star (that we haven't said before)?
5. What's better than a naked local bum?A local exploring the world!
Here's Siv Ngesi living his best life with no clothes on for your viewing pleasure.
6. He wasn't voted Juiciest Male Celeb for nothing in last year's Channel24 Online Awards!
Here's Armand Aucamp showing us why his bod wins awards!


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e - flux Architecture
Refugee Heritage - Part 4 - Present State of Conservation
Human and Civil Rights
Return to Refugee Heritage
Present State of Conservation
Photo: Luca Capuano with Carlo Favero
Refugee Heritage
4.a Present state of conservation
The right of return is a universally recognized human right of all persons. It was first inscribed in the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights as Article 13(2), stating: "Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his country." The right of return was first inscribed within the realm of international law when, on December 11, 1948, the UN General Assembly passed Resolution 194, stating that "refugees wishing to return to their homes and live at peace with their neighbors should be permitted to do so at the earliest practicable date." This inalienable right has since been reaffirmed in more than one hundred UN resolutions.
Despite its legal recognition, the right of return for Palestinian refugees has been postponed for almost seven decades. This status quo must be challenged so that it can finally be brought about. We must also think projectively, into the future, and imagine what would happen if the right of return were to be granted. What would happen to the camps? Would they be destroyed and abandoned? Would they continue to be inhabited, or reused for other purposes?
In order to tackle these questions we need to firstly destabilize right of return's political foundation: the concept of exile. Exile is not a condition that needs, or even can be cured by, return. Exile is a pervasive social condition that is radicalized in the case of refugees. The erosion of rights of southern European citizens brought about by a state of austerity derives from the same regime that oppresses, expropriates, and controls refugees. Young people living in global cities around the world suffer from a similarly permanent condition of precarity. Rather than perpetuate a false dichotomy between citizens and refugees, a new alliance between what might appear to be radically distinct groups must be imagined. Exile demands to be thought as a radical, new foundation of civic space.
Exile and nationalism both stem from and respond to the same modern condition of alienation and its subsequent search for identity. Whereas nationalism tries to create collective identities of belonging to an imagined community, a political community of exile is built around the common condition of non-belonging, of displacement from the familiar. As a political identity, exile opposes the status quo, confronts a dogmatic belief in the nation-state and refuses to normalize the permanent state of exception in which we are all living.
The exile knows that in a secular and contingent world, homes are always provisional. Borders and barriers, which enclose us within the safety of familiar territory, can also become prisons, and are often defended beyond reason or necessity. Exiles cross borders, break barriers of thought and experience.1
The second concept in need of destabilization is conservation. For some, conservation is an architectural discipline that freezes time, space, and culture; one that reduces buildings to spectacular objects for contemplation and consumption. Yet conservation today pertains to the contested space in which identity and social structures are built and demolished. In recent years, architectural conservation have become a field of knowledge and practice able to reframe our understanding of culture, history, and aesthetics. What follows are four examples of how radical and political understandings of conservation have been put into practice by residents of Dheisheh.
Conservation through demolition
One of the original shelters in the site. Photo: Campus in Camps
Closed behind a gate, a plot in eastern Dheisheh contained the foundation and history of the camp. Three original UNRWA-built structures from the 1950s stood—three shelter-rooms, one communal toilet and a water reservoir—no longer in use. Recognizing the sensitive and politicized context, a collaborative design process about what to do with the site unfolded between local inhabitants, Campus in Camps participants and DAAR. Considering the value of the architectural structures and their symbolic place within the collective memory of camp residents, a non-intrusive intervention was decided upon to both preserve and bring new uses to the site. The project materialized as a black frame—a fifteen centimeter-thick reinforced concrete platform—surrounding the historical structures, leaving them intact as a sign of respect for the past in this new beginning.
Site plan with platform
Site section with platform
Months were spent with the site's neighbors and owner discussing the aim of the project. With their consent, activities such as concerts and film screenings began being hosted on the site, and an agreement was signed between the popular committee and the owner to guarantee collective use of the land for two years. Construction began by excavating foundations, but after ten days, one member of the large family who owned the site prevented the laborers from working it. Despite the initial agreement, he had changed his mind and decided to sell the abandoned plot after it had received so much renewed attention. The popular committee and leaders of the camp spent several weeks with the family trying to find a solution to preserve the site, but in a single night all the shelters were demolished, shocking not just the people involved in the project but also the wider community. Through the collective process that had been generated on and around the site, the present was revealed by its erasure, making clear the importance of the urban fabric as a historical site of narrative and value.
Conservation through reversal
Detour, 2015. Photo: Campus in Camps
The notion of "routes" or "cultural itineraries" as being part of cultural heritage started to emerge at the beginning of the 1990s. Heritage routes are considered to bring "strengths and tangible elements, testimony to the significance of the route itself and offering a privileged framework in which mutual understanding, a plural approach to history and a culture of peace can all operate."2 In this sense, Campus in Camps performatively reenacted the route of displacement that inhabitants of Zakaria took from their village to Dheisheh in 1948.3
Routes of return from Dheisheh to Zakaryia
Dheisheh is visited daily by hundreds of activists, who with their international passports can cross territorial borders that Palestinians cannot. The establishment of this route of return also imagines a possible reversal of displacement and serves as an antidote to the commodification of heritage sites.
Conservation through resistance
Dar Odeh, 2017
Murad is a third-generation refugee and member of the Odeh family. About two years ago he finished his Master's degree in the United States and decided to go back to Dheisheh, where he was born and raised. Like many others before him, he was forced to adapt to a life in exile under occupation. He thought about living outside the camp, but realized "I will feel lost… I only wish I could build my home in my village of origin." As the two generations before him, Murad started to think about building onto the family house in the camp. After sharing his worries with DAAR about building on top of a poorly built house with weak foundations and after consulting with a structural engineer, we found that the home could support another floor, which Murad asked DAAR to design. He wanted the house to be ready for his wedding with Maia, a Jewish American woman from Minneapolis. With very little money but with support from the camp, the extension was built. Designing the house for Murad and Maia was a preservation of the values of a family who has been faced with intolerable conditions for generations.
Conservation through reconstruction
The Concrete Tent, DAAR, 2015. Photo: Anna Sara, Campus in Camps
The prolonged political exceptionality of refugee camps has produced a specific urban and social condition. Architecture in this context is usually called on to intervene only as a technical solution, like designing smart tents or mobile structures, and rarely used for its power to address and express political and social problems. In discussion with Campus in Camps participants, an urgency emerged to materialize, to give architectural form to the permanent temporariness of refugee camp.
When we think about refugee camps, one of the most common images that comes to our mind is an aggregation of tents. However, after more than sixty years since their establishment, Palestinian refugee camps are constituted by a completely different materiality. Tents were first reinforced and readapted with vertical walls, then substituted with shelters and later new houses made of concrete were built, making camps dense and solid urban spaces.
The project tries to inhabit the paradox of how to preserve the tent's symbolic and historical value. Because of the degradability of the tent material, these structures do not exist any more. Therefore, the re-creation of the tent out of concrete is an attempt to preserve the cultural and symbolic importance of this archetype in the narration of the Nakba and the political condition of exile. In June 2015 the "concrete tent" was inaugurated as a gathering space for communal learning in the garden of Al Finiq Cultural Center. The Concrete Tent is a hybrid, between a tent and a concrete house, temporariness and permanency, soft and hard, movement and stillness.
To force people to live in miserable conditions does not bring them closer to return. To negate their right to a life of dignity is just another form of violence imposed on the most vulnerable segments of Palestinian refugees. We need to seriously consider why it is that the right of return should negate the existence of the camp or call for its destruction. Claiming the camp as a heritage site is a way to avoid the trap of being stuck either in the commemoration of the past or in the projection of an abstract, messianic future. Claiming the history of the camp is a way to start articulating the right of return. The achievements of the present are not an impediment to the right of return, but on the contrary, a step toward it.
Edward Said, "Reflections on Exile" in Reflections on Exile and Other Essays (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2000), 185.
See ➝
Refugee Heritage was made possible by the Decolonizing Architecture course at the Royal Institute of Art in Stockholm, Sweden.
Refugees, Palestine, Community, Precarity
Refugee Heritage is a project by DAAR, edited and published by e-flux architecture and produced with the support of Campus in Camps, the Foundation for Art Initiatives, the 5th Riwaq Biennale and the Decolonizing Architecture course at the Royal Institute of Art in Stockholm, Sweden.
Refugee Heritage: UNESCO nomination dossier will be featured as a part of "Permanent Temporariness," an exhibition by Sandi Hilal and Alessandro Petti, curated by Salwa Mikdadi at the New York University Abu Dhabi Art Gallery in Spring 2018. The next public conversations on the nomination will be held at Campus in Camps in Dheisheh Refugee Camp and Riwaq in Ramallah in the Summer of 2017 and in Abu Dhabi in Spring 2018.
More from Refugee Heritage
e - flux Architecture Essays March 22, 2017
Justification for Inscription
e - flux Architecture Essays March 8, 2017
Identification of the Property
e - flux Architecture Essays February 22, 2017
The Architecture of Exile IV. B
Alessandro Petti


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New Perspective Opens Another Senior Living Community
August 24, 2020 Published by Olivia Beaton
WAUKESHA, WI – New Perspective continues to expand and is opening its new Waukesha, WI community Monday, August 24, 2020. New Perspective |Waukesha is a multi-story community for older adults at 1701 E. Broadway. The building features 128 rental units consisting of independent and assisted living apartments and Betty's Harbor, a secure neighborhood specifically designed for those with memory loss.
"We're excited to open New Perspective | Waukesha. It is an absolutely wonderful amenity rich building that our residents will be proud to call home," said New Perspective CEO Ryan Novaczyk. "We have an exceptional team in place. They are ready to serve the great seniors of Waukesha and provide opportunities for them to live life on purpose each day" he added.
Residents and guests will be greeted by a spacious two-story lobby and reception area with fireplaces, water features and natural stone appointments. Exterior views and natural light play an integral part in creating a warm open atmosphere. The fitness center features state-of-the art equipment specifically designed for older adults including an indoor warm-water pool kept at a constant 92°F. Residents have multiple dining venues including a restaurant style dining room with a grand fireplace, café and relaxing pub. Other amenities include a full-service beauty salon/spa, movie theater, and dance hall.
"This is the second community we've opened over the past two months. That said, coronavirus was not part of the initial equation, or for that matter, the world's plan. We forged ahead with development and implemented enhanced operating protocols. New Perspective | Franklin opened in July and our experience with both communities was a resounding warm welcome," said New Perspective President, Chris Hyatt. He added, "pre-opening inquiries and deposits have exceeded our expectations."
For additional rental information, please call 262-832-4463.
For more information or to set up interviews with senior team members at New Perspective, the media should contact Anne Abraham at Goldman & Associates Public Relations at anne@goldmanandassociates.com or 757-625-2518 ext. 5.
About New Perspective Senior Living
Founded in 1998, New Perspective (NP) is a family owned company that develops, owns and operates vibrant senior living communities in Minnesota, North Dakota, Wisconsin and Illinois. Its foundational belief – that all seniors deserve to Live Life on Purpose® and age with dignity – was forged from the personal experience of Founder Todd Novaczyk and his family. For seven years, they cared for his mother-in-law, Betty Berkeley, in their home as she struggled to maintain her strong, independent spirit while coping with Alzheimer's disease.
Today, New Perspective operates 24 senior living communities. The firm serves more than 2,500 seniors through independent living, assisted living and memory care options with a goal of serving 10,000 seniors by 2025. Based in Minnetonka, MN, the company has won multiple awards including Best Senior Living, Top Assisted Living Facility, Best-of-the-Best Dining Experience and Top Workplaces.
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text:
package com.hazelcast.client.config.impl;

import com.hazelcast.client.config.XmlClientConfigBuilder;
import com.hazelcast.internal.config.AbstractConfigLocator;

import static com.hazelcast.internal.config.DeclarativeConfigUtil.SYSPROP_CLIENT_CONFIG;
import static com.hazelcast.internal.config.DeclarativeConfigUtil.XML_ACCEPTED_SUFFIXES;

/**
 * A support class for the {@link XmlClientConfigBuilder} to locate the client
 * xml configuration.
 */
public class XmlClientConfigLocator extends AbstractConfigLocator {

    @Override
    public boolean locateFromSystemProperty() {
        return loadFromSystemProperty(SYSPROP_CLIENT_CONFIG, XML_ACCEPTED_SUFFIXES);
    }

    @Override
    protected boolean locateFromSystemPropertyOrFailOnUnacceptedSuffix() {
        return loadFromSystemPropertyOrFailOnUnacceptedSuffix(SYSPROP_CLIENT_CONFIG, XML_ACCEPTED_SUFFIXES);
    }

    @Override
    protected boolean locateInWorkDir() {
        return loadFromWorkingDirectory("hazelcast-client.xml");
    }

    @Override
    protected boolean locateOnClasspath() {
        return loadConfigurationFromClasspath("hazelcast-client.xml");
    }

    @Override
    public boolean locateDefault() {
        loadDefaultConfigurationFromClasspath("hazelcast-client-default.xml");
        return true;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Adobe Photoshop CS2 is a program that will allow you to view and edit all kinds of images.
This application was developed both for professionals of the graphic design and for the fans of photography. Thanks to this characteristic, you will be able to enhance your files regardless of your knowledge in the area.
Adobe Photoshop CS2 is a program with a wide range of tools that will wake up your artistic side. Among its utilities you will find the correction of red eyes, the possibility to change the shape of any image, to add filters of diverse nature, to rotate and to resize your photos.
In Adobe Photoshop CS2 the menus and bars of tools are completely customizable. For this simple reason, the serviceability and the functionality of the interface increase radically at the moment of doing your work.
Do not miss the opportunity to try this magnificent graphic design software.


Pastries go great with coffee. Add a few sweets in to the menu and you'll be ready. Be sure to place in sugar-free for the sugar watchers, high fiber food for the fit junkies and luxury food for all those trying to relax.
The karen millen dresses have managed to enjoy a serious dose of popularity within this aspect. There are various kinds of karen millen dresses that womens have appreciated. The karen millen dress posseses an superior quality factor tagged with them..
In 2011, the export ships performed by China's shipbuilding enterprises were 62.55 million deadweight tons, increasing by 18% YOY. This year, despite the continuous adverse impacts from the international economic crisis on the ship market and the increasingly obvious strikes of the debt crisis in Europe and the Usa on ship transactions, the import and export trade of China's ships still maintained the slow growth trend. In 2011, the entire import and export worth of China's ships was USD 45.5 billion, with additional 8.38% YOY.
In children a rash is often the first sign of illness. It begins around the scalp, moves towards the chest, back, stomach, arms, legs etc. The rash is usually very itchy however this could be somewhat hard to tell in a child so young.
Allow the buying begin. Now that Hostess can officially entertain offers because of its well-known brands within the liquidation process, the guessing game is on over which firm will buy what asset. P-E firms are likely to be an energetic participants, but Grupo Bimbo, Flowers Foods (FLO +1%), Sara Lee (HSH +0.2%), and Kraft (KRFT +0.1%) are also getting bandied around as potential players.
For me personally, passion is about doing work that resonates with my core values and is aligned with my heart's true desire. I wish to help other women (and men) successfully navigate corporate challenges and become successful within their careers. Paul, MN.
A scented cone was this perfumed cone shaped cosmetic the eygptians wore ontop of their head. The cone was usually made from ox-tallow and myrrh, which together designed a pleasant scent. The scented cone was usually used for parties on night outs like dinner get-togethers.


Pádraig Harrington gave a 38 minute press conference ahead of the Dubai Duty Free Irish Open and it was ironic that more than 25 percent of it was taken up talking about slow play.
Coinciding with the R&A's launched of its pace of play worldwide guide on Tuesday, the two time Open champion was asked what he thought and confessed that professional golf was the worst offender for not only promoting bad habits but also for the creation of super-long courses that take too long to play.
"Professional golf is a terrible role model for pace of play, a terrible role model for the etiquette of the game and as the USGA and R&A are much bigger bodies than professional golf — much, much, bigger— it's much more important for them to take a lead role in this.
"What you see on TV, is not really a true reflection of pace of play. Jordan Spieth at the Masters, would have come in for a bit of stick. But a lot of times what was happening there, the producer is sitting there in the office, he's thinking: I would like to show Jordan Spieth eating a bar walking down the fairway. I'd like to show him as his caddie is getting his yardage, and as his caddie is getting his yardage, Jordan is swinging the golf club, getting loose and all that.
"So they showed Jordan for a minute before he hit his shot, whereas the next pro, who is not as big a star, they only cut to him just literally as he's going to swing. The other pro could have taken the same amount of camera swings but he just wasn't on camera all the time. I think it can be harsh on a player like that in that situation.
"What you don't see on camera is the work the players do behind the scenes to get in place, how quickly they move from A to B, how quick they play on top of the next person. Literally most pros would hit a golf ball, as the golf ball is landing, most pros would be trying to hit their next tee if they are second in play. They will literally be trying to hit that golf ball as quick as that ball has landed in front of them.
While Harrington believes that courses should have tees next to greens, he admitted it wasn't an option due to health and safety concerns.
In short, he blamed professional golf for teaching millions worldwide a host of bad habits and bad etiquette and confessed that he'll often play no more than 12 holes away from an event because it simply takes too long if he wants to chat to his pals before and after their game.
"On TV, you see a pro walk up 35, 40 yards from a chip shot but that could be the difference in making the putt or the difference in winning or losing. For the amateur, he's got a handicap. It would drive you up the wall if you saw your amateur playing partner walking 40, 50 yards up to a green to have a look at his shot.
He didn't mention Aimpoint Express but he did pick up a host of examples of bad etiquette.
"There's plenty of things, as I said, I even see in my own game. I was brought up, never walk ahead of the person, never walk ahead of the first ball to play. Now, all pros will walk up to their golf ball even if they are 30, 40 yards ahead of their partners.
"Never leave the green before your playing partner finishes out. All pros will leave the green, literally be standing, at best, 10, 15 yards away from the green, and often times will be standing on the next tee box when their playing partner is finishing out.
"That's horrible etiquette but that's what pros have to do to get around and move around the golf course.
"There's lots of little things like that you'll see with the pros that is -- that you wouldn't want to see it creeping into the amateur game. So it is right that the R&A has taken the lead on this. But it will always be difficult because the professional bodies, even though they are so small, take such an amount of the limelight when it comes to golf in the world.
"But they really don't represent -- like the R&A represents, I'm not sure of the figures, but I'm sure they are ten times the size, or a colossal amount bigger than the professional bodies -- or the amateur bodies to be taking the lead in this because it would be no fun if I was an amateur golfer going.
"Personally, I only play 12 holes when I go and play. 18 holes is just too long in the day. I'd rather spend the hour beforehand with my playing partners having breakfast and the hour afterwards having my lunch. I wouldn't want to be -- 18 holes is a little too much time and a little too long out on the golf course.
Now he says he's one of the quickest.
"The number of times I have been on the clock in the last number of years on both tours, probably in three years, I might be once on each tour, maybe two, maybe three in three years.
"So I would say it would be hard to find somebody who has been on the clock I can't say for sure but it's a fair bet nobody has been on the clock less than me. I do a lot of work between my shots to make sure of that. I'm very aware of what I'm doing on the golf course."
Shane Lowry, once a very fast player, revealed that he'd had an email from the PGA Tour this week remaining he'd been on the clock five times so far this year because of his partners.
His solution? Shot penalties rather than fines.
"I don't think that's a reflection of me. I think it's a reflection of the players I was playing with. Yeah, it took us nearly six hours to play our round on Saturday last week, and then it took us four hours to play on Sunday. So there's nearly two hours of difference. It feels like you're running around when you're in a two-ball.
"But yeah, the pace of play of golf is always too slow. I'm actually a slower player now than when I come out on Tour, but I've had to tone it back myself because when you play too quick, when you get on the clock, then you end up playing quicker and it ends up hurting you.
Amateur bodies are encouraging teaching pros to show their players faster routines but Harrington knows that's a double-edged sword.
"It's not about taking less time over your shots. Somebody like Christian Cévaër had a bad reputation for pace of play, and he sped up everything he did in his routine and then played very badly; where he would have been better off taking stuff out of his routine, or else speeding up everything else and then slowing down for his actual routine.
Rory frustrated: "I don't feel like there's anything wrong"


Our journey will start with the oldest olive tree in the world, which can be found in the village Vouves. The Monumental Olive Tree of Vouves has been declared as "natural heritage monument" due to its special ecological and historical importance. Ideally located next to the Monumental Olive Tree of Vouves is The Olive Tree Museum of Vouves where you can learn more about the tree's history. Both are visited by approximately 20.000 people every year from all over the world. The number of visitors is expected to increase rapidly in the years to come.
Estimated time on site: 30min.
Afterwards you can enjoy the rest of your day at Falasarna beach. Falasarna bay is one of the most famous beaches in Greece, which has been awarded as the best beach of Crete and one of the 10 best beaches in Europe in the past. Falasarna consists actually of five consecutive beaches, with the two most central being the most favorite. The sand in Falasarna is white, making the water color tropical. Here you will have plenty of free time to enjoy the sun and the sea.


text:
Association between the frequency of class II HLA antigens and the susceptibility to intrauterine infection of hepatitis B virus
Yuan-yong Xu1#, Ji-yun Yu2#, Yan-wei Zhong3#, Hong-bin Song1, Hui-hui Liu4, Lei-li Jia1, Shen-long Li1, Jian-qiu Xu5, Qiao Li2, 6
1. Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing, China
2. Institue of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
3. 302 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China.
4. Department of Epidemiology, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
5. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
6. Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
#These authors contributed equally to the work
Xu Yy, Yu Jy, Zhong Yw, Song Hb, Liu Hh, Jia Ll, Li Sl, Xu Jq, Li Q. Association between the frequency of class II HLA antigens and the susceptibility to intrauterine infection of hepatitis B virus. Int J Biol Sci 2008; 4(2):111-115. doi:10.7150/ijbs.4.111. Available from http://www.ijbs.com/v04p0111.htm
Multiple factors determine the susceptibility to intrauterine hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. These factors include the HBV structure, HBV mutation, HBV DNA level, placental barrier, the immune status of the mother, and the genetic make-ups of the newborn infants. Since HLA system is an integral component of the immune response, we hypothesized that the highly polymorphic HLA genes are the key determinants of intrauterine HBV infection. In this study, we selected newborn infants of HBsAg-positive mothers, and divided the infants into 2 groups: intrauterine infection group and non-intrauterine infection group according to the status whether or not they were infected at birth. Each infected infant was compared with 2 controls from the same birth cohort. HLA-DR allele typing was performed using a PCR-sequence specific primer (PCR-SSP) for 24 subjects with intrauterine infection and 48 controls without infection. We found that, among the fifteen (15) HLA-DR alleles assessed, HLA-DRB1*07 was the one, and the only one, significantly in excess (OR = 6.66, P = 0.004) in the intrauterine infection group compared to the non-intrauterine infection group. Our findings thus suggest that high frequency of HLA class II molecules, e.g. HLA-DRB1*07, is associated with the susceptibility of the infants to intrauterine HBV infection.
Keywords: Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Human leukocyte antigen (HLA), Genetic susceptibility, Intrauterine infection, Nested case-control study
Hepatitis B is a common disease worldwide. Approximately, one million human deaths in the world each year are attributable to the end stage sequelae of persistent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that about 350 million people worldwide are chronically infected with HBV [1]. These individuals are prone to the development of chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. In South East Asia, the mode of HBV infection is mainly vertical transmission in the perinatal period. In China, one of the major reasons for the high prevalence of HBV infection is that mothers transmit the HBV to their children during the intrauterine as well as perinatal periods. Approximately 50% HBV carriers got infected via mother-to-infant transmission [1, 2, 3]. With the immunolization of hepatitis B vaccine and the use of hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive pregnant women, the incidence of HBV carrier status among the children has reduced dramatically. However, intrauterine HBV infection still occurs at high incidence. The exact mechanisms underlying intrauterine infection of HBV have not been completely elucidated. Previous studies showed that major histocompatibility complex (MHC) gene products were vital for the regulation of several antiviral immune reactions [4, 5]. In addition, genetic factors controlling the host immune response could play an important role in determining the infection outcome [6, 7]. These immune responses may be genetically determined, since studies on twins and families have suggested the contribution of an inherited component in the development of chronic hepatitis B infection [8].
T cell responses are restricted by human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and class II molecules, which present antigens to CD8+ cytolytic T cells and CD4+ helper T cells, respectively. The genes encoding HLA class I and class II molecules are the most polymorphic genes in the human genome and are therefore ideal candidates for the investigation of HBV infection susceptibility.
The association between HLA polymorphism and disease susceptibility as well as disease resistance has been documented [9, 10, 11]. Recently, several non-genetic diseases were found to be related to gene polymorphism, and the relationship between the TNF-α -238 A and IFN-γ +874 A alleles and intrauterine HBV infection was reported [12, 13]. It is important to further examine the relationship between intrauterine HBV infection and HLA gene polymorphism.
To study the association between the polymorphisms of HLA class II genes and intrauterine HBV infection, we selected the newborn infants delivered by HBsAg-positive mothers in this study and compared the frequencies of HLA phenotypes between the intrauterine HBV infection infant group and the non-intrauterine HBV infection infant group. To this end, an 1:2 matched nested case-control design was used.
This study included the patients who visited the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Maternity and Child Care Centre of ShanXi Province from February 1999 to October 2004. A written consent was obtained from each of the participants. A nested case-control design was used. The patients selected were newborn infants whose blood were tested positive for HBsAg within 24 hr of birth (intrauterine HBV infection group, N = 24). The controls were newborn infants whose blood were tested negative for HBsAg (non-intrauterine HBV infection group, N = 48). Each patient was compared with 2 controls from the same cohort based on factors that were associated with the pregnant women as well as the newborn infants. These factors included age of the newborns (difference was within 6 months); same gender of the newborns, and the HBV marker levels in the maternal serum before delivery.
Venous blood specimens from pregnant women and femoral vein blood specimens of the newborn infants were collected within 24 hr after birth and stored at –20°C for laboratory testing. After blood collection, the newborn infants immediately received hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) intramuscularly. They were also administered with hepatitis B vaccines at month 0, 1, and 6.
Criteria for Intrauterine HBV Infection
Newborn infants whose venous blood specimens were collected within 24 hr after birth, if found positive for HBsAg and/or HBV DNA, were considered HBV infected intrauterinely. In order to exclude the possibility that the intrauterine infection was tested positive due to transplacental maternal contamination of the fetal circulation, we followed up all of the patients for at least 6 months.
Determination of HBsAg and HBeAg in Serum
The presence of serum HBsAg and HBeAg was tested by ELISA (Shanghai Ke-hua Biotechnology Company, Shanghai, China). The results were generated using a Multiskan MK3 ELISA detector. A positive/negative (P/N) ratio ≥ 2.1 was considered positive.
Extraction of Genomic DNA
The genomic DNA of the newborns was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells by using the QIAamp blood kit (QIAGEN Inc., Chatsworth, CA) according to the manufacturer's instructions.
HLA class II Typing
HLA class II alleles were typed using the low-resolution DNA typing method––a polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primer (PCR-SSP) technique (Pel-Freez, Brown Deer, WI) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Gene typing was performed using the software supplied by the company.
Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS11.0 package software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) on a computer. The frequency of HLA class II alleles was calculated by direct counting. Odds ratios (OR) reflect the likelihood of a specific allele being present in a subject who has intrauterine infection. P values were calculated by using conditional logistic regression. Statistic significance was tested by the chi-square test and Fisher's exact test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
A total of 312 HBsAg-positive pregnant women delivered 313 newborn infants from February 1999 to October 2004 in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Maternity and Child Care Centre of ShanXi Province. There were twins among these newborn infants. Among the 313 newborns, a total of 24 fulfilled our criteria for intrauterine HBV infection, and the infection rate was 7.7% (24/313). There was a significant difference in the maternal serum HBeAg rate (χ2=19.50, P<0.0001) and the newborn serum HBeAg rate (χ2=17.62, P<0.0001) between the intrauterine HBV infection and non-intrauterine HBV infection groups. These results indicate that maternal HBeAg-positive serum was a risk factor for intrauterine HBV infection, and the OR was 5.95 (Table 1). In addition, newborn HBeAg-positive serum was also a risk factor with an OR of 5.39 (Table 1).
Relationship of serum HBeAg in mothers and newborns to intrauterine infection
Maternal HBeAg
Newborn infants HBeAg
Positive(%)
Negative(%)
Total(n)
Intrauterine infection 15(62.5%) 9(37.5%) 24 13(54.2%) 11(45.8%) 24
Non-intrauterine infection 63(21.9%) 225(78.1%) 288 52(18.0%) 237(82.0%) 289
Total 78(24.3%) 234(75.7%) 312 65(20.8%) 248(79.2%) 313
χ2 19.50* 17.62*
OR (95%CI) 5.95 (2.29-16.8) 5.39 (2.08-13.99)
*P < 0.0001
There was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) between the infected infants and controls with respect to the mean age and occupation of the mothers, nor the birth weight and gender of the newborn infants.
Distribution of HLA-DR type in the intrauterine infection and non-intrauterine infection groups
In all the newborn infants, DRB3* was the most frequent HLA-DR type. Its frequency was 37.5% in the intrauterine infection group and 29.17% in the non-intrauterine infection group (Table 2). In the intrauterine infection group, DRB1*07 and DRB3* were the most frequent HLA-DR type (both were 37.5%) in newborn infants, followed by DRB1*08 (20.83%). In the non-intrauterine infection group, DRB3* was the most frequent HLA-DR type (29.17%), followed by DRB1*12 (18.75%) (Table 2).
Comparison of the frequency of the HLA-DR type between the intrauterine infection and non-intrauterine infection groups
There was a significant difference in the distribution of HLA-DRB1*07 between the intrauterine infection and non-intrauterine infection groups. HLA-DRB1*07 was significantly more frequent in the intrauterine infection group (9 of 24 subjects, 37.5%) as compared to its frequency in the non-intrauterine infection group (4 of 48 subjects, 8.33%) (OR = 6.66, P = 0.004) (Table 3). The same analysis did not yield evidence supporting the significant (p<0.05) involvement of other HLA-DR types as determinants of intrauterine infection (Table 3).
Frequencies of HLA-DR types in the intrauterine infection and non-intrauterine infection groups#
HLA-DR Allele type
Intrauterine infection group (N=24)
Non-intrauterine infection group (N=48)
DRB1*01 2 8.33 2 4.17
DRB1*03 2 8.33 5 10.42
DRB1*04 4 16.67 3 6.25
DRB1*07 9 37.5 4 8.33
DRB1*08 5 20.83 5 10.42
DRB1*11 3 12.5 7 14.58
DRB3* 9 37.5 14 29.17
DRB4* 4 16.67 5 10.42
DRB5* 1 4.17 3 6.25
#The allele carrier frequencies are referred to the frequencies of the population, not individuals.
Comparison of HLA-DR types between the intrauterine infection and non-intrauterine infection groups
HLA-DR allele
Frequency(%)in Subjects with
95%CI
Intrauterine infection (n=24)
Non-intrauterine infection (n=48)
DRB1*01 8.33 4.17 2.091 0.276-15.83 0.597
DRB1*03 8.33 10.42 0.782 0.14-4.36 0.571
DRB1*04 16.67 6.25 3.00 0.61-14.67 0.212
DRB1*07 37.5 8.33 6.66 1.77-24.59 0.004
DRB1*08 20.83 10.42 2.26 0.58-8.74 0.285
DRB1*09 16.67 8.33 2.2 0.49-9.69 0.427
DRB1*11 12.5 14.58 0.83 0.19-3.57 0.81
DRB1*12 8.33 18.75 0.39 0.08-1.98 0.32
DRB1*16 8.33 6.25 1.36 0.21-8.76 1.00
DRB3* 37.5 29.17 1.45 0.52-4.10 0.59
DRB4* 16.67 10.42 1.72 0.42-7.10 0.47
DRB5* 4.17 6.25 0.65 0.06-6.62 1.00
The susceptibility of HBV infection and the immune response to HBsAg-derived vaccines are determined by the genetic background of the host [14, 15]. Other outcomes, including progression to cirrhosis and/or liver cancer, may also be influenced by host genetics. Thus far, the results of studies on host susceptibility to HBV infection are not conclusive. From the viewpoint of epidemiology, the major problem is the lack of appropriate subjects and suitable research design. In general, in order to conduct such studies, all subjects should be exposed to HBV. In addition, the time and mode of exposure to HBV should be comparable. Then, the difference in the distribution/frequencies of HLA types can be compared between HBV-infected persons and non-infected controls. Unfortunately, such study designs can hardly be realized if our epidemiological survey is based on the common human population. This is because: (1) It is difficult to determine the precise time of HBV exposure and to conduct follow-ups in common human population; (2) Theoretically, we would first require an isolated population from which our subjects can be selected. From this isolated population, the susceptible population should be screened, and subsequently, the infection status of this population should be followed up. However, this is extremely difficult to achieve. Fortunately, intrauterine HBV infection can be studied in newborn infants who are suitable study subjects. Because the newborn infants we studied were all delivered by HBsAg-positive mothers, they were all susceptible to HBV, and their mothers were the only source of HBV infection. These conditions well satisfies our research design requirements.
HLA is involved in immune response to HBV. Although the relationship between various clinical manifestations and polymorphic HLA genes have been the subject of several studies, a definitive relationship has not yet been identified due to the inconsistencies of the results [4, 16, 17, 18]. While the mechanism of susceptibility to HBV infection is not well clarified, it is known to be influenced by host immunogenetic factors [19, 20].
Our results show that maternal HBeAg-positive serum and newborn HBeAg-positive serum were risk factors for intrauterine HBV infection. Several reports indicated that the likelihood of developing chronic HBV infection is higher in newborn infants, whose immune systems are thought to be immature, compared with the immunocompetent subjects during adulthood [14, 23]. The natural course of chronic HBV infection can be divided into four phases based on the virus-host interaction: immune tolerance, immune clearance, low or non-replication, and reactivation. Most carries with intrauterine HBV infection are present in the immunotolerant phase. These carries are HBeAg positive but with normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT).
Our study has indicated that HLA-DRB1*07(HLA-DR7) type is associated with HBV intrauterine infection in Chinese people. It is noticeable that in this study the newborn infants with non-intrauterine HBV infection were selected as the controls, which ensured a similar exposure to HBV between the case and control groups. Our results imply that susceptibility to persistent infection is significantly associated with the presence of HLA-DR7 type. Almarri et al [21] failed to identify an association between HLA class I and chronic HBV infection. However, they discovered a significant decrease in the frequency of HLA-DR2 and an excess of HLA-DR7 in cases of chronic, persistent HBV infection. HLA-DRB1*1301/2 has been associated with viral clearance, but HLA-DRB1*07(HLA-DR7) is associated with non-responsiveness to vaccination with envelope proteins [4, 22]. It is possible that high expression of HLA-DR7 on the cell surface may restrict the ability of helper T-lymphocytes to recognize HBsAg and B-cells and thereby result in persistent infection. Alternatively, HLA-DR7 may present viral peptides to a specific subset of CD4+ T cells and therefore alt the subsequent immune responses. Nevertheless, compared with our study, those studies did not show the role of HLA-DRB1*07(HLA-DR7) in HBV intrauterine infection.
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report involving the study on the association between HLA phenotypes and the outcomes of intrauterine HBV infection in newborn infants. Our data have showed that high frequency of specific HLA phenotypes, such as DRB1*07, is associated with the susceptibility to HBV intrauterine infection. Thus, our findings support the conclusion that genetic factors (e.g., HLA) are associated with the outcomes of intrauterine HBV infection. The characterization of functional significance of this particular HLA molecule in HBV intrauterine infection may provide insight to develop novel prophylactic and therapeutic approaches. Additional study is needed to validate these findings and to further explore the relationship between HBV intrauterine infection and the susceptible gene(s), as well as any other risk factors which may be involved in HBV intrauterine infection. Finally, investigation to elucidate the genetic pathogenesis of HBV intrauterine infection is among the future studies we plan to pursue.
We thank Prof. De-Zhong Xu for his discussion. This work was supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30230320).
1. Franchis R, Hadengue A, Lau G. et al. Proceedings of the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) International Consensus Conference on Hepatitis B, September 14-16, 2002, Geneva, Switzerland. J Hepatol. 2003;39(Suppl 1):1-235
2. Shiraki K. Perinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus and its prevention. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2000;15:11-15
3. Wang JS, Zhu QR. [Interruption of the transmission of hepatitis B virus from mother to babies]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi. 2002;10:308-10
4. Thio CL, Thomas DL, Karacki P. et al. Comprehensive analysis of class I and class II HLA antigens and chronic hepatitis B virus infection. J Virol. 2003;77:12083-7
5. Pajot A, Pancré V, Fazilleau N. et al. Comparison of HLA-DR1-restricted T cell response induced in HLA-DR1 transgenic mice deficient for murine MHC class II and HLA-DR1 transgenic mice expressing endogenous murine MHC class II molecules. Int Immunol. 2004;16:1275-82
6. Rapicetta M, Ferrari C, Levrero M. Viral determinants and host immune responses in the pathogenesis of HBV infection. J Med Virol. 2002;67:454-7
7. Hui CK, Lau GK. Immune system and hepatitis B virus infection. J Clin Virol. 2005;34:S44-8
8. Lin TM, Chen CJ, Wu MM. et al. Hepatitis B virus markers in Chinese twins. Anticancer Res. 1989;9:737-41
9. Wu YF, Wang LY, Lee TD. et al. HLA phenotypes and outcomes of hepatitis B virus infection in Taiwan. J Med Virol. 2004;72:17-25
10. Godkin A, Davenport M, Hill AV. Molecular analysis of HLA class II associations with hepatitis B virus clearance and vaccine nonresponsiveness. Hepatology. 2005;41:1383-90
11. Han YN, Yang JL, Zheng SG. et al. Relationship of human leukocyte antigen class II genes with the susceptibility to hepatitis B virus infection and the response to interferon in HBV-infected patients. World J Gastroenterol. 2005;11:5721-4
12. Zhu QR, Ge YL, Gu SQ. et al. Relationship between cytokines gene polymorphism and susceptibility to hepatitis B virus intrauterine infection. Chin Med J (Engl). 2005;118:1604-9
13. Gu SQ, Zhu QR, Yu H. et al. Relationship between genetic polymorphism of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and susceptibility to intrauterine HBV infection. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi. 2004;12:538-9
14. The EASL Jury. Easl international consensus conference on hepatitis B. J Hepatol. 2003;38:533-40
15. Shirak K. Perinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus and its prevention. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2000;15:E11-E15
16. Meng XQ, Chen HG, Ma YL. et al. Influence of HLA classII molecules on the outcome of hepatitis B virus infection in population of Zhejiang Province in China. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. 2003;2:230-3
17. Jiang YG, Wang YM, Liu TH. et al. Association between HLA class II gene and susceptibility or resistance to chronic hepatitis B. World J Gastroenterol. 2003;9:2221-5
18. Ahn SH, Han KH, Park JY. et al. Association between hepatitis B virus infection and HLA-DR type in Korea. Hepatology. 2000;31:1371-3
19. Thursz MR. Host genetic factors influencing the outcome of hepatitis. J Viral Hepat. 1997;4:215-20
20. Diepolder HM, Jung MC, Keller E. et al. A vigorous virus-specific CD4+ T cell response may contribute to the association of HLA-DR13 with viral clearance in hepatitis B. Clin Exp Immunol. 1998;113:244-51
21. Almarri A, Batchelor JR. HLA and hepatitis B infection. Lancet. 1994;344:1194-5
22. Kazim SN, Wakil SM, Khan LA. et al. Vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus despite maternal lamivudine therapy. Lancet. 2002;359:1488-9
23. Giovanna F, Bortolotti F, Francesco D. Natural history of chronic hepatitis B: special emphasis on disease progression and prognostic factors. J Hepatol. 2008;48:335-52
Correspondence to: Hong-bin Song or Qiao Li, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Science, 100071, Beijing, China. Phone/Fax:+86-010-66933358.Email:hongbinsongnet; or Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. Phone: 734-615-1977, Fax: 734-763-4135: Email: qiaoliedu


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Let your voice be heard What to expect this year His biz life after 🏀 Avoid these blunders
Should you own a home in retirement? Maybe not
Maurie Backman
There are lots of good reasons to own a home, both as a working adult and as a retiree.
When you own a home, you don't have to stress about your rent suddenly going up once your lease runs out. Similarly, you don't need to worry that your landlord will decide to reoccupy or sell your home, thus leaving you out on the street till you find a new place to live.
But perhaps the most enticing benefit of owning a home is the tax breaks that come along with it. Not only can homeowners write off the interest they pay on their mortgages, but there are a host of additional deductions, from property taxes to mortgage points, that property owners can capitalize on.
But despite these perks, a growing number of older Americans are choosing to forgo homeownership in favor of renting instead. A recent study by Credit Sesame found that 33% of Baby Boomers and 46% of seniors 65 and over are making a conscious decision to rent their homes rather than buy, even though they can afford the latter option. It, therefore, raises the question: Is homeownership later in life such a good idea after all?
Renting in retirement has its benefits
The motivation to rent in retirement when you can otherwise afford to buy typically boils down to one thing: locking in your costs. Most retirees live off a fixed income, so it stands to reason that the more fixed costs they're able to work with, the better. And while many retirement expenses come with their fair share of variables, there's perhaps no more volatile a budget-buster than owned property.
While it's true that your mortgage payment can't go up in retirement (assuming, of course, that you have a fixed loan, and not a variable one), that's just one piece of the homeownership puzzle -- and it's your peripheral costs that are likely to climb. Take property taxes, which, in some parts of the country, can equal or even exceed one's mortgage payment itself. Even during periods when home values drop, property taxes still have a tendency to rise. In 2000, U.S. homeowners paid an estimated $247 billion in real estate taxes, but by 2010, that figure climbed $476 billion. Of course, the housing market had by no means recovered by 2010, but that didn't matter -- homeowners were still on the hook for higher taxes.
Then there's maintenance to consider. The average homeowner spends anywhere from 1% to 4% of his or her home's value on annual upkeep. Now if you happen to buy a new home in retirement, you can probably keep your maintenance costs to the lower end of that range. But if you're hanging onto a house you've been living in for years, chances are you'll be facing the higher end. For a $400,000 property, that's $16,000 a year on maintenance alone.
Regular upkeep aside, when you own a home, there's always the possibility of a major appliance going bad, or a significant repair popping up when you least expect it. If you're on a tight budget, which many retirees are, and you're suddenly forced to shell out $10,000 to replace a faulty roof, the financial impact could be downright catastrophic.
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That's why in many cases, you're better off renting in retirement than owning. Yes, you will have to accept the fact that your rent will probably go up year after year, but if you sign a multi-year lease, you can mitigate this risk. And if your rent does go up to the point where you no longer feel it's affordable, there's always the option to pick up and move. Will that be easy? No. But it's an option nonetheless -- whereas ignoring a capsizing roof is not.
Again, there are benefits to owning a home in retirement that make it a viable option as well. On top of the aforementioned tax breaks, your home can serve as a source of equity, whether via a loan or a reverse mortgage. But if your savings are limited and you're worried about money, renting a home may be the better choice for your senior years. This way, you'll get a roof over your head, without the financial obligation to be the one to fix it.
The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.
The Motley Fool is a USA TODAY content partner offering financial news, analysis and commentary designed to help people take control of their financial lives. Its content is produced independently of USA TODAY.
Offer from the Motley Fool:The $16,122 Social Security bonus most retirees completely overlook
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The Garden of the Master of Fishing Nets is a nine-mu affair in the southeast part of the ancient city of Suzhou. Of all the Suzhou gardens it is unique for its small size and exquisite buildings, elegant landscaping style, and compact structure. The predecessor of this garden was the Wanjuan Hall, the former residence of a Southern Song official by the name of Shi Shengshi. Right beside the hall is a garden named "Fishermen's hermitage". During the Qianlong Reign of the Qing Dynasty, the place fell into the hands of a man by the name of Song Zongyuan, who converted it into a garden and gave it the present name.
The Garden of the Master of Fishing Nets constitutes east and west parts. As appropriate to the old Suzhou style in which dwellings were linked with gardens. entrance into the garden is gained by way of the back door or a side hallway of the former residence. Various buildings are found around a pond in the center of the garden. Despite the garden's tiny size, it resembles a water-bound land.
Around the pond are such buildings as the Pavilion for the Advent of the Moon and Wind, the Duck-shooting Corridor, the Prunus Mume Pavilion, and Ribbon-Washing Pavilion at the Waterfront, which, though small, blend perfectly with the water surface. Taller buildings are tucked way behind trees, rocks and pavilions to render depth to the entire scene without being too oppressive to the water surface. This resourceful architectural layout is a salient feature of the Garden of the Master of Fishing Nets.


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New Jersey man who witnessed Capitol shooting of Ashli Babbitt arrested
Troops massing in DC for inauguration is 'concerning' optics: Former National Security Council member
Former National Security Council member Michael Allen provides insight into the thousands of armed troops guarding the U.S. Capitol ahead of Inauguration Day.
A New Jersey man and former Peace Corps member who said he was standing next to the woman fatally shot during last week's storming of the U.S. Capitol has been charged in connection with the siege, according to officials.
Thomas Baranyi was arrested by the FBI late Tuesday and charged with disorderly or disruptive conduct. The 28-year-old made his initial court appearance later that night via video conference, where his bail was set at $ 100,000, but he was later released on an unsecured bond.
Baranyi gained attention on the day of the riots when he told a TV reporter that he was standing next to Ashli Babbitt when she was fatally shot inside the building, and held up his right hand to show blood that was still there.
NATIONAL GUARD ON LOOKOUT FOR IEDS WITH CULPRIT BEHIND RNC, DNC BOMBS STILL ON THE LOOSE
In a criminal affidavit, FBI Special Agent Cassidy Vreeland wrote that Baranyi's identity and actions inside the Capitol were confirmed through the interview he gave to Ariane Datil, a reporter for WUSA9, and through online videos and photos. One video showed Baranyi standing next to Babbitt as she was shot, according to the affidavit and reports.
"I don't know if she's alive or dead anymore," Baranyi told the reporter, according to the affidavit. He later added: "It could have been me, but she went in first."
Thomas Baranyi in his interview with WUSA-9, Jan. 6, 2021. (WUSA-9 via U.S. District Court of Washington, D.C.)
CAPITOL POLICE OFFICER EUGENE GOODMAN SHOULD BE AWARDED CONGRESSIONAL GOLD MEDAL, LAWMAKERS SAY IN RESOLUTION
Babbitt was killed when she was allegedly shot by a U.S. Capitol Police officer. Her husband later told KUSI-TV that she was a "strong supporter of President Trump, and was a great patriot to all who knew her."
She was a San Diego, Calif. resident and Air Force veteran who served for 14 years.
The Capitol Police officer who shot Babbitt was subsequently placed on administrative leave. Babbitt's death is now the subject of a federal investigation.
Four other people died during or in connection with the events of Jan. 6, including Capitol Police officer Brian Sicknick.
Baranyi was represented at his initial court hearing on Tuesday by a federal public defender, but told the judge he has retained a private attorney, whose name was not disclosed.
arrested, Ashli, Babbitt, Capitol, Jersey, shooting, witnessed
i898	 15 mins ago
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Mercedes Benz 300SE Cabriolet RHD, this car is a rare 4speed manual with floor change, it has had a complete restoration in the late nineties, with complete engine rebuild which has only covered maybe 6000miles since, the suspension air valves have been replaced, so car does not drop when sitting. It is painted Diamond blue metallic, with dark blue leather with dark blue mohair hood, this car is in exceptional condition, examples like this one don't often become available.
The manual transmssion is an interesting option as most were autos.


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Doblin, Döblin, or Doeblin may refer to:

Hugo Döblin (1876–1960), German actor
Alfred Döblin (1878–1957), German novelist
30778 Döblin, minor planet named for Alfred Döblin
Wolfgang Doeblin (1915–1940), German-French mathematician, son of Alfred
Jay Doblin (1920–1989), American industrial designer
Rick Doblin (born 1953), American drug activist


In 2016, there were 154 opioid-related overdose deaths in Delaware—a rate of 16.9 deaths per 100,000 persons and more than the national rate of 13.3 deaths per 100,000 persons.
In 2015, providers in Delaware wrote 768,974 prescriptions for opioid pain relievers, or 80 prescriptions for every 100 persons. This was a 7.1 percent decline since 2013―compared to the average U.S. rate of 71 opioid prescriptions per 100 persons (IMS Health, 2016).
According to hospital discharge data, during 2010 to 2013 in Delaware, 639 cases of NAS were identified with an incidence of 15.6 cases per 1,000 births. The incidence of NAS increased 56 percent, from 11.9 cases per 1,000 births in 2010 to 18.5 cases per 1,000 births in 2013. Delaware's 2012 and 2013 NAS rates (17.8 and 18.5 cases per 1,000 births, respectively) were 3 times that of the 2012 average U.S. rate (5.8 cases per 1,000 births) (DE Health and Social Services).
State Incidence: Of the new HIV cases in 2015, 109 occurred in Delaware, with 4.7 percent1 of new cases in males and 8.7 percent of new cases in females attributed to IDU (AIDSVu).
State Prevalence: In 2014, an estimated 3,213 persons were living with a diagnosed HIV infection in Delaware—a rate of 407 per 100,000 persons. Of these, 25.7 percent1 of males and 26.3 percent of females were living with HIV attributed to IDU (AIDSVu).
State Incidence: In 2015, Delaware reported 31 cases of chronic HCV and 4 cases of acute HCV (0.4 per 100,000 persons) (CDC).
State Prevalence: Current state prevalence data are not available. As of 2010, an estimated 13,600 (1,970 per 100,000) persons were living with HCV in Delaware (HepVu).


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Australia Vs the USA in the supply of early Cinema equipment.
Richard Ashton's Presentation on pioneering Australian Cinema equipment manufacturers. Though Australia was a significant pioneers of full length movies, the fledgling Australian film industry was eventually overwhelmed by the American movie product. Attempts were also made to stifle Australian manufacturers of cinema equipment. Now this story has been researched in great detail and been told in a massive illustrated document, which is covered in the following video presentation. Perhaps the most detailed presentation ever made of the history of the Cummings and Wilson company and affiliated cinema projection equipment manufacturers was made in November, 2009, at the National Film and Sound Archives (NFSA) in Canberra, by veteran television identity and cinema enthusiast and scholar Richard Ashton. This was the culmination of several years of research, visits to various state libraries and archives, and a Fellowship at the NFSA in Canberra. Cummings and Wilson projectors were first made just after the First World War. A company partnership was formed to manufacture cinema projectors under the heading Australian Biograph, designed and manufactured by Cummings and Wilson. The company was headed by James Cummings and Harold Wilson who together designed and manufactured their machines at 29 Alberta Street Sydney. The presentation also covered other Australian companies, such as cinema sound pioneers Raycophone and their distribution and installation arrangements. Working details and descriptive parts lists of the many C&W models has been included in extensive manuals Richard has produced on the subject. Richard's presentation also covered the opposition the Australian's encountered in competing with the more expensive American manufacturers, who wanted a monopoly in this field.