text:
\section{Introduction}

In general, black holes are defined uniquely by their mass, angular
momentum and charge (cf. \cite{chandra}). In this paper we shall
deal exclusively with Schwarzschild black holes, where the angular
momentum and charge are both zero. These black holes of mass $M$ are
understood as systems defined uniquely by the condition $R \leq R_{s}$
and have the following properties:

\begin{equation}
  R_{s}= \frac{ {2 G M} }{ {c^{2}} },
\end{equation}

\begin{equation}
  \frac{ S }{ k_{B} } = \frac{ A_{BH} }{ 4 A_{P} },
\end{equation}

\begin{equation}
  T_{BH}= \frac{ hc }{ 8 \pi^{2} k_{B} R_{s} }.
\end{equation}

\noindent Equation (1) defines the Schwarzschild radius in terms of the
mass. Relation (2) establishes the entropy \( S \) of the system as $1/4$
of the horizon area $ A_{BH} = 4 \pi R_{s}^{2}$, in units of the Planck
area  $ A_{P} = \hbar G /c^{3}$. Equation (3) states that the black
hole radiates as a black body of the given temperature \( T_{BH} \).
This emission process implies a loss of energy for the system, which
results in an evaporation rate for the black hole given by: $ dM/dt
\propto (\hbar c^{4}/G^{2}) M^{-2} $.

Notice that $dS/dM = (c^{2}T)^{-1}$, fixing the internal energy of the
black hole as $U=Mc^{2}$. Equation (1) has been about in speculative form
since the 18th century, and was given a firm theoretical footing within
the framework of general relativity during 1930s. Equations~(2)-(3) are
the result of the vigorous development in black hole thermodynamics of
the 1960s and 1970s by various authors, notably Bekenstein and Hawking (cf.
\cite{nov} and references therein).

It has been suggested (e.g. \cite{'t Hooft}, \cite{Suss} or \cite{Bousso}
for a review) that for any physical system equation (2) should hold
always, with $\leq$ replacing the equality, which in turn should hold only in
the black hole regime. This is termed the holographic principle, from
the fact that the information content of an object would be limited
not by its 3D volume, but by its 2D bounding surface. The interesting
connection implied between quantum mechanics through $A_{P}$ and gravity
through the particle horizon, has raised the hope that the validity of
the holographic principle would yield important clues regarding quantum
theories of gravity. In this sense, even a heuristic study as to the
possible origin of this principle should prove valuable.

We study the behaviour of a classical black body photon gas as it is
compressed into a black hole, and propose a simple model for such
a system using only photons confined to the Schwarzschild radius
at their lowest possible momentum level. Two parameters determine
the model, with a restriction only on the product of both of them.
A formal statistical mechanical calculation is given through which
these parameters are determined, leading to agreement with all black
hole structural properties of equations (1-3).
The study of a self--gravitating photon sphere (a geon) was first
introduced by  Wheeler \citep{geons} in 1955.  Much development in this area
has grown since then related to different physical properties of boson
stars (see e.g. \citep{jetzer,schunck}) and their stability.

Given recent proposals of a physical model for a black hole interior
within the framework of loop quantum gravity \cite{Rov}, we analyse our
model in this context. Taking the view that the Bekenstein entropy has an
statistical mechanical origin in terms of counting states on the surface
defined by the Schwarzschild radius of a black hole, canonical quantum
gravity has yielded scenarios in which this entropy can be derived from
first principles.  We find no inconsistencies with the quantum gravity
approach, which in fact allows us to explicitly and independently
re-evaluate the parameters introduced in the quantum simple model,
obtaining the same results.

\section{Classical Limit}

Most of the material in this section can be found elsewhere, e.g. \cite {Sorkin},
it is reproduced here for context.
For a photon gas having a black body spectrum the following well known
relations define the total electromagnetic energy $E_{EM}$ and entropy $S$
in terms of the volume and temperature:

\begin{equation}
  E_{EM}={{\pi^{2}}\over {15}} {{(k_{B}T)^{4}}\over {(\hbar c)^{3}}}
    {{4 \pi R^{3}}\over {3}},
\end{equation}

\begin{equation}
  {{S}\over{k_{B}}} ={{4 \pi^{2}} \over {45}} {{(k_{B}T)^{3}} \over {(\hbar
    c)^{3}}} {{4 \pi R^{3}} \over {3}},
\end{equation}

\noindent for a spherical region of radius $R$.

If we think of an ideal adiabatic wall enclosing this spherical region,
we immediately obtain the well known scaling of $T \propto R^{-1}$,
and we can eliminate $(k_{B}T)$ from equation(4) in favour of $S$ and \(
R \) to obtain

\begin{equation}
E=C {{\hbar c } \over {R}} \left( {{S} \over {k_{B}}}\right)^{4/3},
\end{equation}

\noindent where $C$ is a numerical constant of order unity. If we think
of the contraction as proceeding into the black hole regime, we would
think of the radius as reaching $R_{s}$, which in this case would yield

\begin{equation}
  R_{s}={{2 G E_{EM}} \over {c^{4}}}.
\end{equation}

  In equation (7) we have used equation (1), replacing $M$ for
$E_{EM}/c^{2}$. Substitution of $E_{EM}$ from equation
(6) into equation (7) leads to

\begin {equation}
  \left( {{S} \over {k_{B}}}   \right)^{4/3} = C^{\prime} {{A_{BH}}
    \over {A_{p}}},
\end{equation}

\noindent where $C^{\prime}$ is a numerical factor of order unity.
Two interesting conclusions are immediately evident from this last
equation. Firstly, it is obvious that for any black body photon gas having
$R_{s} > R_{p}$, a Schwarzschild radius larger than the Plank length,
the holographic principle will be valid throughout
the contraction process, as the horizon area will always be larger than
$A_{BH}$. Second, that the classical equations for the diluted photon gas,
equations (4-5), cannot be valid into the black hole regime, since the
required relationship for the entropy of such an object is equation (2)
and the exponent of equation (8) is $4/3$ and not $1$. The inconsistency
of equation (8) with equation (2) signals that physical processes which
the system being modelled surely experiences, such as pair creation at
high temperatures and quantum effects related to the dimensions of the
system being comparable to the typical de Broglie wavelengths of the
photons, are not been taken into account by the classical description
of the photon gas through equations (4-5).
So far, we have assumed that the photon gas was being compressed by some
external agency, however, if it is to form a self gravitating object, an
equilibrium configuration should exist, and possibly a collapse beyond
this. This point can be estimated by evaluating the Jeans length $R_{J}$
of the problem for a sound speed $v_{s}=c/\sqrt{3}$,

\begin{equation}
  R_{J}={{c}\over {(3 G \rho)^{1/2}}  }.
\label{hola}
\end{equation}

  In this context, the mass density \( \rho \) is equivalent to $E_{EM}
/ V $.  Notice that equation~\eqref{hola} is derived directly from
Einstein's equations, where the pressure term is directly $\mathrm{d }
E/ \mathrm{d} V$, hence no assumption of particle interactions is being
made (see the appendix for details on this).  From equation~\eqref{hola}
we see that since $\rho$ scales with $T^4$, $R_{J}$ will scale with
$T^{-2}$, which is interesting given that under adiabatic conditions
the radius of the system will scale with $T^{-1}$. This means that
gravitational instability will occur, i.e. $R>R_{J}$ above a certain
critical temperature, below a certain critical equilibrium radius
$R_{c}$. The situation becomes increasingly unstable in going towards
smaller radii and larger temperatures. In general, for a fluid of
mass--energy $M$, radius $R$ and sound speed $v_{s}$,

\begin{equation}
  R_{J}=v_{s} \left( { {4 \pi R^{3}} \over {3 G M} } \right) ^{1/2},
\end{equation}

\noindent which expressing M in terms of the Schwarzschild
radius through equation (1) reads,

$$
  R_{J}=\left( {{8 \pi} \over {3}}   \right)^{1/2} {{R v_{s}}\over {c}}
    \left( {{R} \over {R_{s}}} \right)^{1/2}.
$$

\noindent If we take the critical condition $R=R_{J}$, the previous
relation gives

\begin{equation}
  {{R_{J}} \over {R_{s}}} = \left( {{3}\over{8 \pi}}\right) \left( {{c}
    \over {v_{s}}}\right)^{2}.
\end{equation}

Equation(11) shows that, since for all non--relativistic systems
$v_{s} \ll c$, we should expect $R_{J} \gg R_{s}$. Indeed, for most
astrophysical applications the Jeans radius of a system is many orders of
magnitude larger than the Schwarzschild radius.  However, in going to a
relativistic fluid, the condition $v_{s} \simeq c$ will apply, leading to
$R_{J} \simeq R_{s}$. In other words, the self-gravitating regime will
appear only close to the black hole regime.  For the adiabatic photon
gas we have studied, taking $v_{s}=c/\sqrt{3}$ and equations (4-5) and (9), in
correspondence with equation (11) we obtain also $R_{J} \simeq R_{s}$.
This last result shows that the self-gravitating regime for the photon
gas we have studied does not appear until one is very close to the
black hole regime, at scales where the analysis leading to equation (8)
already showed that the structure equations for the gas (4) and (5) are no
longer valid. In any case, the analysis following equation (9) together
with  equation (11), strongly suggests that any self-gravitating photon
gas will be very close to catastrophic collapse and black hole formation.

The above results are in fact valid into the regime where the self-gravity of the
radiation field is important, as shown by \cite{Sorkin}, instability sets in for
$R<2R_{s}$, but equilibrium maximum entropy configuration exist above this radius,
which however also show the scaling of equation (8), c.f. their results following
their equation (41).

\section{Quantum limit}

 The gravitational collapse and transition between the classical
regime of section~II and a black hole will not be treated explicitly.
Advances in that direction can be found e.g. in \cite{Sorkin} \cite{Pavon}
and \cite{Ding}.

  Being subject to the extreme gravitational regime of $R \rightarrow
R_{s}$, it is reasonable to expect that the photons will be highly limited
in momentum space. At this point we introduce as a hypothesis that all
photons will have a wavelength $\lambda=\alpha R_{s}$, with $\alpha$ a
numerical constant.  We can evaluate the internal energy of the system as:

\begin{equation}
  E_{EM}={{N h c } \over {\alpha R_{s}}},
\end{equation}

\noindent where $N$ is the total number of photons. Establishing a
correspondence between $E_{EM}$ and the internal energy of a black hole as
$E_{EM}=Mc^{2}$,
and using equation (1) to express $M$ in terms of $R_{s}$, the above
expression yields:

\begin{equation}
N={{\alpha} \over {16 \pi^{2}}} {{A_{BH}} \over {A_{p}}} .
\label{eq-for-n}
\end{equation}

  If we think of a correspondence between the total entropy of the system
and the total photon number given by $S/k_{B}=\beta N$, with $\beta$
a proportionality constant expected to be of order unity,
we find by comparison to equation (2) that the
configuration we propose will satisfy all required black hole properties
if the condition $\alpha \beta = 4 \pi^{2}$ is satisfied.

  We can compute $ \beta$ directly by calculating the entropy of the
proposed system from first principles, through the thermodynamic potential
$\Omega$ given by:

\begin{equation}
\Omega=k_{B} T \sum_{k} \ln \left( 1 - e^{[\mu -\epsilon_{k}] /k_{B}T} \right),
\end{equation}

\noindent where the summation is over quantum states, $\mu$ is the
chemical potential, and $\epsilon_{k}$ is the energy of the $k-th$
state. Since the total number of components of the system is given by:

\begin{equation}
N=\sum_{k} \left({{1} \over {e^{[\epsilon_{k} - \mu] /k_{B}T}-1}  }\right),
\end{equation}

\noindent and given that in the system proposed all photons have the
same energy, we can write

\begin{equation}
N={{N} \over {e^{[\epsilon - \mu] /k_{B}T}} -1}.
\end{equation}

\noindent Note that each photon is assumed to be in a distinct
detailed quantum level, and hence the analogy with a condensate is not
complete. Now,

\begin{equation}
[\epsilon - \mu] / k_{B} T =\ln(2),
\end{equation}

\noindent which when substituted back into equation~(14) gives:

\begin{equation}
\Omega=-k_{B} T N \ln(2).
\end{equation}

  This last result now yields the entropy for the system through $S=
-\partial \Omega / \partial (k_{B}T) |_{V,N}$ as $S=N \ln(2)$, providing a
justification for the assumption of $S/k_{B}=\beta N$ made above, in terms
of simple statistical physics arguments.  We hence obtain $\beta=\ln(2)$
and $\alpha =4 \pi^{2} /\ln(2)$.  Note that the previous results are
of general validity for bosons, the case of photons is obtained with \(
\mu = 0 \).

  We also note that given the restriction of a fixed total internal
energy, in the hypothesis that this is to be the sum of the energies
of $N$ photons, the maximum entropy state will be the one with the most
photons. In that case, all photons are at their lowest possible energy
$\lambda=\alpha R_{s}$.  Hence, the configuration proposed is also a
maximum entropy state and is suggestive of a micro--physical origin for
black hole entropy.

  It has been argued \citep{bekenstein82} that the shortest scale that can
enter into any physical theory is the Planck length.  Although so far we
have been working under the assumption of macroscopic black holes, we can
extrapolate to the very small scales as follows.  In the context of the
ideas presented here a natural lower limit for the Schwarzschild radius
of order the Plank length appears by setting \( N=1 \) in equation~(13),
a single photon black hole.  The energy \( e \) associated to this single
photon  is  \( e \approx \hbar c / ( G h / c^3 )^{1/2} \approx 10^{28}
\, \text{eV} \).

  Note that using equation (1) to substitute \( M \) for \( R_{s} \)
in equation~\eqref{eq-for-n} gives the following quantisation for the
mass \( M_N \) of a black hole in units of the Planck mass:

\begin{equation}
  \frac{ M_N }{ m_p } = \left( \frac{ \pi }{\alpha } \right)^{1/2}
    N^{1/2},
\label{qt01}
\end{equation}

\noindent where \( m_P = \left( \hbar c / G \right)^{1/2} \), a
quantisation suggested already by Bekenstein's entropy equation (2). For
sufficiently small black hole masses,  this equation suggests a discrete
spectrum associated to the transitions \( N = 1 \rightarrow 0 \),
\( N = 2 \rightarrow 1 \), etc.  The change in mass \( \Delta M_N \)
corresponding to a \( \Delta N = 1 \) transition  is given by

\begin{equation}
  \Delta M_N  = M_N  \left\{ \left[ 1 + \frac{ \pi }{\alpha } \left(
    \frac{ m_P }{ M_N } \right)^2 \right]^{1/2} - 1 \right\}.
\label{qt02}
\end{equation}

  In the limit of a macroscopic black hole, where \( M_N \gg m_p \),
the above equation implies that

\begin{equation}
  \frac{ \Delta M_N }{ m_P } = \frac{ \pi }{ 2 \alpha } \, \frac{ m_P }{ M_N
    }.
\label{qt03}
\end{equation}

\noindent It is interesting to note that \( c^2 \Delta M_N \) approximately
corresponds to \( k_B T_{BH} \) for a black hole mass \( M_N \).

  If we now identify the time scale \( \Delta t \) for the mass loss \(
\Delta M_N \) to take place with the limit of the Heisenberg
uncertainty principle, we can set up \( \Delta t \sim \hbar
/ c^2 \Delta M_N \).  Under the above considerations, the mass evaporation rate
for a black hole is

\begin{equation}
  \frac{ \Delta M_N }{ \Delta t } \propto \frac{ \hbar c^4 }{ G^2 } \,
    \frac{ 1 }{ M_N^2 },
\label{qt04}
\end{equation}

\noindent which is within a numerical constant of the standard evaporation
rate for a black hole \citep{nov}, seen here as the macroscopic limit of an
intrinsically quantum process.

  If the structure of the photon configuration we are describing is in any
way related to quantum phenomena akin to Bose-Einstein condensation, we
should expect the temperature to lie well below the critical temperature
$T_c$ for Bose-Einstein condensation. This, for relativistic particles
can be calculated in an analogous way to well known Bose-Einstein
critical temperatures for non-relativistic particles (e.g. \citep{landau}),
by integrating the expression

\begin{equation}
dN={{g V p^{2} dp} \over {2 \pi^{2} \hbar^{3}  \left[ e^{(\epsilon -
  \mu)/k_{B} T}  \right]  }},
\end{equation}

\noindent for $\mu=0$, $g=2$ (photons) and in this case $\epsilon=pc$, giving

$$
N={ {V (T_{c} k_{B})^{3} } \over {\pi^{2}\hbar^{3} c^{3} } }
\int_{0}^{\infty} { {z^{2} dz} \over {e^{z}-1}},
$$

\noindent where $z=\epsilon/(k_{B}T)$. Evaluation of the above integral
yields $2.202$ and so, using $V=(4 \pi/3) R_{s}^3$ leads to

\begin{equation}
N=\left( \frac{8.808}{3 \pi} \right) {{R_{s}^{3} (T_{c} k_{B})^{3} } \over { (\hbar c)^{3}}},
\end{equation}

  If we now use the expression for $N$ in equation~\eqref{eq-for-n},
and writing $T_{c}$ in units of $T_{BH}$ for a black hole of radius
equal to the Planck length \( R_p \), which correspond to a
temperature $T_{BHp}$, we get

\begin{equation}
\left( { T_{c} }\over {T_{BHp}} \right)^{3}= \left({6 \pi^{3}}\over
{1.101}\right) {{\alpha R_{p}}\over {R_{s}}},
\end{equation}

\noindent which for $\alpha = 4 \pi^{2}/\ln(2)$, as determined through the statistical mechanical
calculation shown above  yields,

\begin{equation}
\left({T_{c}} \over {T_{BHp}} \right) =21.3 \left( {R_{p}} \over
  {R_{s}}\right)^{1/3}.
\end{equation}

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[height=8.5cm]{fig1.eps}
\end{center}
 \caption{The solid line shows the black hole temperature, in units of
this quantity for a black hole having a Schwarzschild radius equal to
the plank length, as a function of the Schwarzschild radius, in units
of the Plank length.  The dotted line gives the critical temperature for
Bose-Einstein condensation of photons in a black hole, equation (26),
in the same units as the solid curve, as a function of the same quantity.}
\end{figure}

As $T_{c}$ scales with $R_{s}^{-1/3}$ and $T_{BH}$ scales with $R_{s}^{-1}$,
it is clear that for all black holes larger than a certain
limit, the condition $T_{BH} \ll T_{c}$ will be satisfied. A comparison
of both temperatures is shown in figure 1, as a
function of $R_{s}$, from which we see that $T_{c}$ is already
over an order of magnitude larger than  $T_{BH}$ at  $R_{s}= R_{p}$. Any
realistic black hole will be at a temperature much lower than the critical
temperature for Bose-Einstein condensation for photons, showing the
internal consistency of the model.

The physics described so far is clearly highly idealised, however in a
core collapse process within a massive star, as for the central region $R
\rightarrow R_{s}$, the typical speeds and $v_{s}$ of the constituent
particles must necessarily tend to $c$, with de Broglie wavelengths
not larger than the Schwarzschild radius.

At this point, quantum effects similar to Bose-Einstein condensation
could take place, packing all (or most) photons into the lowest
energy state. In this sense, typical wavelengths of the order of
the Schwarzschild radius would be expected, as longer wavelengths
would be prohibited by the containment imposed by gravity, and shorter
wavelengths would imply an expansion in momentum space. In this sense, the
identification we have maintained of the constituent particles as photons
is shown to be largely arbitrary, any relativistic bosons will yield
essentially identical conclusions.

\section{Loop Quantum Gravity Approach}
\label{loop}

 We now explore the ideas of the previous sections within the framework of
loop gravity.  In particular, we will see that this allows us an independent
re-evaluation the constants $\alpha$ and $\beta$ established in the last section, with
the aid of some general results from loop quantum gravity.

  The loop quantisation of $3+1$ general relativity is described in
terms of a set of spin network states which span the Hilbert space on
which the theory is based. These spin network states are labelled by
closed abstract graphs with spins assigned to each link and intertwining
operators assigned to each vertex.

  A resent result that follows from the theory is that if a surface
$\Sigma$ is intersected by a link $\ell_i$ of a spin network carrying
the label $j_i$ it acquires an area \cite{ashtek1,rov1}

\begin{equation}
\label{area1}
A_{\Sigma}(j_i)=8\pi A_p \gamma \sqrt{j_i(j_i+1)},
\end{equation}

\noindent where $\gamma$ is the Immirzi parameter.

  Let us now consider for our purposes that the horizon $\Sigma$ is
intersected by a large number $N_\ell$ of links. Each intersection
with $\Sigma$ represents a  puncture. In the limit of large $N_\ell$,
one can say that each puncture is equipped with an internal space $H_j$
(the space of all flat $U(1)$ connections on the punctured sphere) of
dimension \cite{alexan1}

\begin{equation}
\label{dim1}
\dim H_j=2j+1.
\end{equation}

Each puncture of an edge  with spin $j$ increases the dimension of the
boundary Hilbert space by a factor of $2j+1$.  Under these considerations,
it follows that the  entropy can be calculated by

\begin{equation}
\label{entropy}
S({j_p})=\ln\left ( \prod_{p} \dim H_{j_p} \right ).
\end{equation}

Statistically, the most important contribution comes from those
configurations in which the lowest possible spin $j_{min}$ dominates,
so we can write the entropy (\ref{entropy}) as

\begin{equation}
\label{entropy2}
S(j_{min})=N_\ell \ln (2j_{min}+1),
\end{equation}
where $N_{\ell}$ is given  by

\begin{equation}
\label{Npunc1}
N_{\ell}=\frac{A_{BH}}{A_\Sigma(j_{min})}.
\end{equation}

  Due to the fact that the assumed gauge group of loop quantum gravity is
SU\( (2) \), then it follows that \( j_\text{min} = 1/2 \), and so the
Immirzi parameter is given by \cite{rov1}

\begin{equation}
  \gamma=\frac{\ln 2}{ \pi \sqrt{3} },
\label{immirzi}
\end{equation}

\noindent and (\ref{Npunc1}) becomes

\begin{equation}
\label{Npunc2}
N_\ell=\frac{1}{4 \ln 2}\frac{A_{BH}}{A_p}.
\end{equation}

  The number of links \( N_\ell \) associated to the particles we are
dealing with in this article  must be proportional to the number of
particles \( N \). The simplest possible configuration is the one in
which the proportionality factor is equal to unity and so,

\begin{equation}
\label{ansatz}
  N_\ell=N.
\end{equation}

\noindent Using this relation and equations~\eqref{eq-for-n} and
(\ref{Npunc2}) we can evaluate $\alpha$ to obtain

\begin{equation}
\label{alfa}
\alpha=\frac{ 4 \pi^2 }{ \ln 2 }.
\end{equation}

  The parameter $\beta$ previously defined through the relation $S=\beta
N$ can now be re-derived independently through equation (\ref{entropy2})
to yield:

\begin{equation}
\label{beta}
\beta=\frac{N_{\ell}}{N}\ln(2j+1)_{j=1/2}= \ln 2.
\end{equation}

From (\ref{alfa}) and (\ref{beta}) we can see that the product $\alpha
\beta = 4\pi^2$ as required by the considerations on section III.  It is
interesting that the model proposed in the previous sections is seen
not to be in conflict with a loop gravity approach, which indeed allows
to re--evaluate the scaling parameters introduced earlier independently
and in accordance with the expectations of the physics discussed above.

\section{Conclusions}

A photon gas contained within an adiabatic enclosure will satisfy the
holographic principle, at least until before reaching the black hole
regime, which approximately coincides with the self-gravitating condition
and where the classical description is no longer valid.

A configuration where all photons have the same energy within
$R=R_{S}$ can be constructed to satisfy all black hole conditions.

This configuration gives rise to a discrete evaporation spectrum for \(
R_S \) close to the Planck length, and in the macroscopic limit allows a
re-derivation of the standard black hole evaporation rate.

Our results are consistent with the loop quantum gravity scheme,
satisfying the constraints required to be in agreement with
the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy for a black hole.

A comparison of both regimes studied is highly suggestive of a heuristic
proof of the holographic principle, as any real system would require an
increase of entropy (at fixed energy and volume) to be turned into the
photon gas we have studied.

\section{Acknowledgements}
X. Hernandez acknowledges the support of grant UNAM DGAPA (IN117803-3),
CONACyT (42809/A-1) and CONACyT (42748).  C. Lopez-Monsalvo thanks
economic support from UNAM DGAPA (IN119203).  S. Mendoza gratefully
acknowledges financial support from CONACyT (41443) and UNAM DGAPA
(IN119203).  We thank the anonymous referee for his comments and
suggestions which improved the final version of the paper.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
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The company employs personnel in Sweden or brings personnel to Sweden
Employing personnel in Sweden
In most cases a company must be registered as an employer when it employs personnel in Sweden and pays compensation for work performed. The company must then pay employer's social security contributions in Sweden. The company may also be obliged to make tax deductions.
Fill in the form below to register the company as an employer.
Posting of personnel
In certain cases, companies that bring personnel to Sweden do not need to pay employer's social security contributions here. This is because the employees are usually considered to be posted, and will then belong to the social security system in their home country. The rules vary, depending on the country from which the personnel are posted and how long they will stay in Sweden.
For a company to be exempt from employer's social security contributions in Sweden, in most cases a certificate is required confirming that the employees belong to another country's social security system. For employees in the EU/EEA and Switzerland, the certificate is called A1 or E101. For employees from a country with which Sweden has a social security convention, it is called a convention certificate. The employer must inform the social security agency in the country whose social security system the employees belong to.
Contact information to social security agencies within the EU/EEA
Countries which Sweden has agreements with on social security
Social security contributions and tax deductions on salaries, PAYE
Companies with a permanent establishment may be required to register as employers even if the company is not required to pay employer's social security contributions since the company must make tax deductions.
Employment of third-country nationals
A third-country national is a person who has citizenship in a country outside the EU/EEA or Switzerland. Employers that employ or post third-country nationals to Sweden must notify the Swedish Tax Agency using the Employment of foreign nationals form (SKV 1160).
Notification – Employment of a foreigner (SKV 1160)
Employing a non EEA national
Right to stay in Sweden
As an employer you need to consider for how long your employees have the right to stay in Sweden. The Swedish Tax Agency has a guide for persons who come to Sweden to work here. There you will find information about the right to stay in Sweden and when a person can or must be registered here.
Submit income tax return
Foreign companies with permanent establishment in Sweden have to submit an income tax return. Foreign companies without permanent establishment may have to submit in income tax return under certain circumstances.
Companies with a permanent establishment
Foreign companies with a permanent establishment in Sweden must submit an income tax return. This means as follows:
A company must submit an income tax return each year to report its earnings. The time at which the company must submit the return depends on the closing date of the company's financial year.
Inkomstdeklaration 2 [Income tax return 2] (SKV 2002) (in Swedish)
Read more about income tax return
A company may submit a preliminary income tax return to avoid paying all the tax in one payment. Complete and submit the Preliminary income tax return form 2 for legal entities (SKV 4313).
Read more about debited preliminary tax
Companies without a permanent establishment
Foreign companies without a permanent establishment are not obliged to pay income tax in Sweden. However, the company may have to submit an income tax return to the Swedish Tax Agency. This is the case if the company has real estate in Sweden, for example.
Companies with employees
There are different rules regarding social security contributions and tax deduction depending on if the company has a permanent establishment or not.
For foreign companies with a permanent establishment and staff in Sweden, the following applies:
A company must make tax deductions and in most cases pay employer's social security contributions when the company pays salaries or other compensation to employees working in Sweden. However, there may be other rules for employer's social security contributions if personnel are posted from another country.
Guide for foreign companies with operations in Sweden - Posting of personnel
As an employer, you also need to know which tax rules that apply to your employees coming to Sweden. If your employees do not have significant connection to Sweden and spend less that six months here, they will in most cases be eligible for Special income tax on non-residents instead of normal tax. As an employer you can apply for a decision on Special income tax for your employees.
Application – Special income tax on non-residents (SKV 4350b)
In order to know how much tax the company must deduct, you need to know the applicable tax rates for your employees. Ask the employees for documentation from the Swedish Tax Agency if you are unsure of what has been decided.
The general percentage of social security contributions is 31.42%, but there are lower rates in certain cases.
Beräkna arbetsgivaravgifter med mera [Calculate social security contributions] (in Swedish)
The company must report employer's social security contributions and tax deductions every month after the company has paid salaries or other compensation. The company reports this by filling in and submitting a PAYE return.
The company must pay employer's social security contributions and tax that the company has deducted every month. Deposit the funds in the company's tax account with the Swedish Tax Agency. The funds must usually be received by the Swedish Tax Agency no later than the 12th of each month after salaries have been paid.
Paying into the company's tax account
For foreign companies with staff in Sweden but no permanent establishment here, the following applies:
Any company that employs personnel in Sweden must pay employer's social security contributions. The general percentage of social security contributions for employers without permanent establishment is 19.8% in 2020, but there are lower rates in certain cases.
However, the company does not usually have to pay employer's social security contributions in Sweden if personnel are posted from another country.
The company must report employer's social security contributions every month after the company has paid salaries or other compensation. The company reports this by filling in and submitting a PAYE return.
The company must pay employer's social security contributions every month. Deposit the funds in the company's tax account with the Swedish Tax Agency. The funds must usually be received by the Swedish Tax Agency by the 12th of each month, after salaries or other compensation has been paid.
The company must not make any tax deductions when it pays salaries or other compensation to employees. Instead, the employees must pay preliminary tax to the Swedish Tax Agency. In order to do this, employees must submit a preliminary tax return to the Swedish Tax Agency.
Preliminär inkomstdeklaration 1 [Preliminary income tax return 1] (SKV 4314) (in Swedish)
Companies that do not have a permanent establishment in Sweden may make an agreement with their employees that they will report and pay social security contributions themselves. This is called a social security agreement. The employer still has to pay the contributions if the employee fails to do so. The employer must always submit an income statement for each employee no later than 31 January of the year following the income year.
Anmälan om skyldighet att redovisa och betala arbetsgivaravgifter på egen lön [Notification of the obligation to report and pay social security contributions on your own salary] (SKV 4738) (in Swedish)
Pay taxes or receive a refund
If you pay taxes you will receive a tax account, where will find details of all the company's tax payments. This is what you need to know in order to make a payment or receive a refund.
Closing a company in Sweden
When closing down the operations of a foreign company in Sweden, there are three important steps to remember:
Send a notification of deregistration
It is important that the company submits a notification of deregistration if it is closing its business in Sweden. As long as a company is registered in Sweden it must report taxes and fees. If a company does not submit tax returns, for example, it may have to pay late penalties and tax surcharges.
Submit the Amendment notification form (SKV 4639) to close the company's business in Sweden.
Ändringsanmälan [Amendment notification] (SKV 4639) (in Swedish)
Deregistering a branch
Companies that have registered a branch in Sweden will also need to notify the Swedish Companies Registration Office to deregister the branch.
Swedish Companies Registration Office
Adjust debited preliminary tax
Companies that have been debited preliminary tax need to consider whether it should be adjusted. In this case the company must submit a preliminary tax return. The Swedish Tax Agency will not change the debited preliminary tax unless the company provides new information. Submit the Preliminary tax return 2 form (SKV 4313) to make the adjustment.
Read more about the preliminary tax return
Check whether the company must submit a tax return
The tax return must be submitted the year after the income year.
Contact the Swedish Tax Agency
Call, e-mail or visit us if you have any further questions about running a foreign company and being an employer in Sweden.
More information about working in Sweden
Overall information from government agencies on working in Sweden is found on the portal Working in Sweden
Inkomstdeklaration 2 – Aktiebolag, ekonomisk förening m.fl. (SKV 2002)
Application – Special income tax on non-residents (SKV 4350)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Zagreb has a rich history in wine growing. To get to know the other side of the city, not only its nightlife, it is worth to pay a visit to its wine culture.
This is not just an ordinary visit of a wine bar. You will go on a rural farm in traditional wine region near Zagreb, where experts tell you about the features of wine, its growing and production. Don't worry, you won't be bored with talking. There is an exclusive tasting of 5 different wines prepared for you.
As this extraordinary wine tasting takes almost a half day, you will feast not only on delicious wines, but also on appetizing 2-course meal.


text:
« Back to Press Archive
Press Archive / Interviews
Orkus Magazine
A lot of the projects in the electro genre are one-man projects. Why is Battery Cage a real band? Where do you see the advantages of being a band and not a solo-project?
Sonic Seducer Magazine
In 1998 there was another Battery Cage album finished but never been released officially when I'm informed well. Please tell me what went wrong at that time!
Russian Interview
Interview with Tyler and Roland.
Virus! Magazine
Virus! Magazine interviews Tyler.
Zillo Magazine
Zillo Magazine interviews Tyler.
NeuroZine
NeuroZine interviews Tyler.
Comatose Rose Magazine
Tyler: Ten years ago, when we were optimistic youngsters, we wanted to make a strong political statement, particularly concerning animal rights, and the name just seemed to work. We were able to incorporate the "cage" theme in to our live show and graphics from that period of time as well. As time went by, and members came and went from the project, the name accumulated a history of it's own, and after several live shows and compilation releases, changing it just wouldn't work. Besides, my personal politics haven't changed in regards to animal rights, so I continue to stand behind it.
Grave Concerns
Tyler: It's a beautiful, sunny day here in San Francisco, so how can I complain? Things are great, and only getting better. One new Informatik album just released, a new Battery Cage is weeks away, and a new AEC getting mastered as we speak. Things are definitely looking up, I'd say.
WZBC Industrial Factory (2003)
This is a live on-air interview with Brian Lumauig, host of The Industrial Factory on WZBC. Topics include the newly completed "World Wide Wasteland" CD, as well as the new band lineup, live shows, and video production.
Interview with Tyler Newman for c9 Webzine discussing the new Battery Cage sound and the Informatik cd "Nymphomatik".
Subversive Candy (2000)
This interview was done for Subversive Candy, a small run printzine, back in November of 2000. The interview covers the initial stages of production of new material, as well as side projects including AEC and Sleep Chamber.
Elektric Transfusion (1998)
Interview for Elektric Transfusion conducted by Greg Frisenda with Tyler Newman. This interview covers the Battery Cage live experience and the demise of SINless Records.
BSM (1998)
This informal interview from 1998 with Tyler Newman for the Boston Society of Mechanics covers band history and wacky live show experiences.


text:
Q: "circle" Cannot be resolved to a variable I am trying to write a method that reads a file and creates an object based on the information inside the file.
However, when I try to return the object, I get a "cannot be resolved to a variable" error.
    public static Circle readCircle(Scanner in) {

        while (in.hasNext()) {

            int px = in.nextInt();
            int py = in.nextInt();
            int vx = in.nextInt();
            int vy = in.nextInt();
            int diameter = in.nextInt();

            Circle circle = new Circle(px, py, vx, vy, diameter);

        }

        return circle; //Error is here.

    }

As far as I understand, this is a scope problem. I have tried to declare Circle as null before the while loop but to no effect.

A: Declaring the circle variable before the loop should work in theory, but for this case I'd do something like this:
    if (in.hasNext()) {

        int px = in.nextInt();
        int py = in.nextInt();
        int vx = in.nextInt();
        int vy = in.nextInt();
        int diameter = in.nextInt();

        return new Circle(px, py, vx, vy, diameter);
    }
    else {
        return null;
    }

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


How best to write an album of children's songs? In this open-systems, self-organising world the answer is becoming clearer and clearer ..... surface the wisdom and talent within children of course! This link describes such a process beautifully, showing how appreciative inquiry can be used to make children's songs really the songs of children.


text:
package com.github.typesafe_query.jdbc.mapper;

import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.ResultSetMetaData;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class MapResultMapper implements ResultMapper<Map<String, Object>>{

	@Override
	public Map<String, Object> map(ResultSet rs) throws SQLException{
		ResultSetMetaData meta = rs.getMetaData();
		Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
		for(int i = 0;i < meta.getColumnCount(); i++){
			map.put(meta.getColumnLabel(i + 1), rs.getObject(i + 1));
		}
		return map;
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


If this sounds all-too-familiar, you are not alone. The influx of social media and review websites has spurred a need for customers to need social proof to trust you. They need their peers to tell them that they used your product/service, had a positive experience, and would use you again.
There's multiple ways to generate social proof – you should start by creating profiles, if you haven't already, on review sites like Yelp, Google+, and Trust Pilot. Then ask your past clients for reviews (this is only difficult when you have unhappy customers, so make sure to keep them satisfied).
Another way to build trust is to create social-proof documents yourself, called Case Studies.
Case Studies highlight a specific customer and their story. Typically, they start with an issue the client had before they came to you, and then finish with how you were ultimately the solution to their problem.
What's great about Case Studies is how much usage you can get out of them. With the client's permission, you can use them across your website, your email campaigns, and even social media ads. And they can be extremely affective, since they are humanizing your brand to your customers.
For our real estate investment client, it was essential that we get case studies for them every month. The reason is that the investment amount is tens of thousands of dollars, which is a pretty penny for most to part with blindly.
These case studies were monumental for the company who used them across their email nurture campaigns to help move leads through the funnel, and they built trust across the board.
During a three-month time period, the sales team sent out these Case Studies to leads to engage and convert them into sales. 5.6% of the leads who received a case study engaged with the piece by either viewing or downloading the document. From this group, 8.3% converted into sales after receiving the Case Study.


text:
Q: Postgres merge example using other table I am trying to perform upsert using merge operator , soon enough realised postgres does not hve same merge statement like SQL Server, and multiple posts are referring to "insert on conflict" statement instead to simulate.
I have Stage table (tabB) and Final table (tabA) - and need to upsert the records from  STAGE table into Final table TabA.
TabA
id   |  Val
------------
1    | 20
3    | 30
5    | 30

TabB
id   |  Val
------------
3    | 40
6    | 50

Below statement I tried does not work, saying ambiguous reference - I could not find examples involving 2 tables ;
Insert into tabA( id,val)
    Select id,val
    From tabB
    On conflict (id)
    Do update set (id, val) = (id,val)

Above does not work..can someone point me in right direction

A: Without knowing more details, one obvious error in your code is that you are trying to update the ID column which is also used as the unique column.
The update should also reference the excluded record to avoid the error message about the "ambiguous"  column reference. id could reference the current value stored in the table or the new value provided by the insert statement.
insert into tabA(id, val)
select id, val
from tabB
on conflict (id)
do update
  set val = excluded.val;


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The most unusual feature of Eliana's helm is ... well ... no wheel! Doesn't sound very helm like you say? It actually works better than a wheel so let me explain. Rudder movement is powered using hydraulics from the main engine and controlled with a follow-up lever at the helm. The result is stop-to-stop in just a few moments versus cranking the wheel a dozen or so times for the same amount of rudder. Centering the rudder with a wheel is somewhat of an acquired skill, whereas the follow-up lever has a detent precisely in the center position. When driving Eliana manually, you leave your hand resting on the lever which gives you a constant 'feel' of where the rudder is at. Notice the lever (with the black knob) in the photo below and how much walk space is now available between console and seats by removing the wheel.
Wheel-less helm frees up clean walk space between console and seats.
Now building on the steering is Eliana's autopilot system. The Simrad AP50 loves the Kobelt as much as we do. It makes complete sense that it would since rudder speed is so responsive. Control latency is reduced to a minimum for rock solid steering in a wide variety of sea conditions.
At each of the three control stations (two wing and one cockpit) we have installed Simrad FU50 follow-up steering levers. They work like the Kobelt except through the autopilot rather than direct. The result is still pretty good although not as responsive.
For redundancy, Eliana has two complete AP50's installed with all cabling and sensors. If one fails at any point, for any reason, the other is ready to go at a moments notice. And in case the console display head should fail, we have a full functioning hand held unit ready to plug in.
Another cornerstone to any modern bridge is a GPS compass. It delivers precise and steady heading information to the autopilot, chart plotter, radar and AIS plus it serves as a back up GPS. We installed the Furuno SC50 to be consistent with our other Furuno choices even though there is better technology available from Simrad and others. Regardless, do not even consider not having this as part of your setup.
For redundancy, the satellite compass is backed up with dual Simrad Fluxgate compasses. Of course, we do also have a magnetic compass on the upper dash.
Eliana's primary GPS source is the Furuno GP37. Nothing fancy about this receiver, but it is reliable. For redundancy, the SC50 could provide position information if needed.
Now that we have the foundation laid, we can start to build the house. We chose Furuno's NAVnet 3D primarily because of its network architecture, its seamless ability to deliver information from a variety of sources and the proprietary link to MaxSea which on Eliana is running at the planning desk on a PC. We mounted two of the black box versions of NN3D under Eliana's dash, each driving two 19" Nauticomp glass bridge displays. The graphics from these boxes are quite fast and very clear.
Chart options have been expanded and now include Jeppesen and even allow for satellite images to be overlaid. Chart navigation has been improved by making the zoom and pan transitions smooth so your eye doesn't loose track of where you are at.
Since NN3D is networked, the two black boxes are redundant even though for convenience we have both running at all times. The control console for each black box is located just in front of the its related displays. We have found the controls to be easy except for typing which can be accomplished at the planning desk with a normal keyboard and mouse.
Also networked to the NN3D is an MFD12 on the flybridge and an MFD8 in the galley. These are always up and running and delivery all of the same functionality at their respective locations that we can get at the helm.
Networked to the NN3D are two ultra high definition (UHD) radar units which can be viewed stand-alone on any of the 4 displays or overlaid on a chart. The long range unit is a 12KW with a 6' array on top. The shorter range one is a 6KW with a 4' array. Both are operated directly from any of the NN3D consoles and are delivering outstanding results especially when teamed with the satellite compass. Targets don't seem to jump around and coastal returns match up nearly perfectly. If they don't, you more than likely have a chart error.
We selected the Furuno FA150 AIS (Automatic Identification System) transponder. Originally, we had specified the FA50 network AIS black box due to its significantly lower cost. It, however, is a Class B transponder which does not have to meet the same standards as the commercial Class A version. Serious questions have arisen regarding the performance of Class B, so we decided not to take any chances.
Also networked to the NN3D is Furuno's DFF1 Sounder. We'll use this advanced dual frequency for depth and bottom information, but it's primary design is as a fish finder. The sounder has a selectable 600W or 1KW output power. You can choose between LF (50kHz) or HF (200kHz) or both simultaneously at the touch of a button.
For short range communication we chose the Icom M-604 VHF Radio. We installed one in the pilot house and one on the flybridge, each with its own cabling and antenna. Should one or the other fail, we have a hand-held command mike that can operate the flybridge unit in the pilot house and vice versa.
For longer range applications we installed the Icom M-802 Single Side Band (SSB) which covers the MF and HF frequency ranges. Honestly, I don't know how much we'll use this radio as we're finding that satellite communications is replacing the older technology. But, we have it just in case. There is no redundancy for the SSB.
The good old fashioned chart desk backs up our electronic versions!
It's important to us to remain in touch with our home and business at all times. So we opted for the KVH V7 Mini VSAT system. It gives us two telephone lines with Kansas City phone numbers. It also gives us an Internet connection 24/7 for web access and email. The service is not as fast as cable at home, but it is dependable. We can talk and surf as much as we want (within reason) for a monthly fee.
For times when we are in a marina and can connect to high speed WIFI, we have installed a Wave WIFI amplifier. If we have large files to download, this is a good option.
Each main room and cabin on Eliana has a telephone. When outside the US, we set our cell phones to simply forward to these lines. If we don't answer, a voicemail is taken which we check regularly.
On the port side of the pilot house is the planning desk where you can sit down in front of a large, clear iMac 27" screen and connect right into the NN3D using MaxSea navigation software. This suite runs on a PC dedicated to MaxSea. It is networked both to the Internet (for weather, etc) and to the NN3D. Route and waypoint planning can take place there and then exported directly to the helm. Conversely, all NN3D information including track, radar, AIS and so forth is displayed on the MaxSea. One of my favorite features of this package is the automated logging feature which allows us to keep track of vital information based on location.
When not serving as the screen for MaxSea, the iMac becomes the ship's primary computer for numerous applications beyond chart plotting. This includes things like the maintenance logs and entertainment.
Backing up the ship's network is a network server with 6TB of data storage on a RAID network drive. All files from all computers are backed up here as well as network storage of everything from charts to movies.
In recent years we have found ourselves less interested in cable television opting more for online sources. So we decided NOT to install satellite television capability or televisions in staterooms. We do, however, have a great television (Samsung 46" LED) in the salon that can be used for movies or TV shows already on the ship's network that have been downloaded. We also have an HD antenna which works pretty well in many places. When at a marina we can often get a cable hookup if we want.
We're finding that guests use their laptops a lot. We accommodate that as best we can with ethernet and wireless connections to the Internet, however, when we only have satellite, its virtually impossible to do television of any kind.
For music we installed SONOS in five areas which include the Salon, Cockpit, Pilot House, Upper Aft Deck and Flybridge. Using a smart phone as a controller, you can play Internet radio, Pandora or from our onboard iTunes library.
Laptop connected to Ethernet or wireless opens up many entertainment and information options anywhere on the boat.


My Syracuse CA supplement "why + experience + realworld apply"
UPenn: 217 - grandfather, cranes, and faulkner!
Caltech - interest, curiosity, or excitement about math, science or engineering.
"spirit for adventure" - Stanford--What should your roommate know?
What are the benefits of having a diverse educational community?
My Common App essay- written by my "Grandson"
Does this fit the prompt for Pepperdine???
What don't you know?- Brown Supplement!
Trinity College Supp - What's your Integrity Contract?
Brown University supplement: What don't you know?
"Carnegie Mellon? What? Mellon like a watermelon?"; MAJOR & WHY CMU?
SYRACUSE SUPPLEMENT: # 2 ( WORK EXPERIENCE) ANY INPUT?
Rice Supplement--why school of natural sciences?
Tufts required essay- describe the environment in which you were raised.
I was born in Yale-New Haven Hospital, and my father got his PhD from Yale.


text:
REVIEW: New Disney Afternoon toys from Funko bring highly-detailed early 90s nostalgia to fans' collections
in Disney, Merchandise, Movies & TV
Posted on November 27, 2017 July 3, 2020 by Mike Celestino 2 Comments
For an entire generation of kids growing up in the late 1980s and early 1990s, the Disney Afternoon was an essential part of post-school television viewing. As a huge "DuckTales" enthusiast, I fondly remember settling in on the couch each day to join Uncle Scrooge and family on their adventures around the world. Now Funko is delivering that nostalgia to toy fans with its new series of Disney Afternoon action figures and Mystery Minis.
This weekend I received a mailing of both assortments for review, and I'm extremely pleased to say how happy I am with the results. The action figures in particular are incredibly well-detailed, feature an above-average eight points of articulation each, and most importantly feel authentic to the cartoons that inspired them.
WATCH UNBOXING PART 1 – ACTION FIGURES:
Funko's Disney Afternoon action figures will be released this Friday, December 1st and are available for pre-order from Amazon right now: Scrooge McDuck from "DuckTales," Baloo from "TaleSpin," Chip from "Chip 'n Dale Rescue Rangers," and Darkwing Duck from "Darkwing Duck." For whatever reason the Dale (with Zipper) figure has not shown up on the site just yet.
The Mystery Minis (also available from Amazon) are smaller-scale vinyl figure depictions of the same characters, plus Gosalyn Mallard, Morgana Macawber (NOT Magica De Spell as misidentified in the video), Launchpad McQuack, Huey, Dewey, Louie, Webigail Vanderquack, Gadget, Monterey Jack, and Kit Cloudkicker. I received a full single box (of twelve figures) which meant was not able to complete the complete collection of fifteen, but I was still impressed with the sculpting and paint jobs on the characters themselves.
WATCH UNBOXING PART 2 – MYSTERY MINIS:
My box of Mystery Minis also included two duplicates (namely Chip and Dale) which is accounted for by the character frequency printed on the back of each individual package. The two chipmunks show up the most often, while the rarest characters (Morgana and Monterey) were not present among the figures in my mailing, in addition to Gadget and both Huey and Louie.
Though I didn't get a look at all the figures in the series, I can say with confidence that these will be highly valued and sought-after collectibles among the Disney fan community. The Disney Afternoon is an under-served property, and "DuckTales" in particular is having a cultural resurgence now due to the successful reboot of the show on Disney XD.
While my personal preference is for the larger, articulated action figures, any and all of the toys from both of these Funko sets will make perfect additions to the collections of Disney Afternoon fans.
Tagged:ChipChip 'n' Dale Rescue RangersDarkwing DuckDisney AfternoonScrooge McDuckTaleSpin
Mike Celestino
After growing up on Long Island, Mike has spent his adult life in Southern California. He's been fascinated by theme parks since a very early age, and has contributed to Inside the Magic since April of 2015. His other interests include Star Wars, LEGO, and The Muppets.
Older Older post: Chairman of Disney Parks and Resorts Bob Chapek being considered for CEO Bob Iger's successor
Newer Newer post: New "Coco"-themed entertainment, exhibits arrive at Walt Disney World for festive holiday season


The Textile Institute, a professional body with a global membership in over 80 countries, has accredited Ravensbourne's BA (Hons) Fashion Buying & Brand Management course, naming the institution as a "Chartered Associate".
Associateship, or ATI accreditations are reserved for institutions that have demonstrated "a high level of knowledge in one specialist textile area", as well as a strong general knowledge of the textile industry, and a commitment to remaining current in their field. Each application is judged by a panel of experts and ratified by the professional qualifications committee.
Commenting, Caroline Gilbey, Associate Dean for the Department of Fashion, said: "We are delighted to receive an Associateship from The Textile Institute, an organisation which is highly regarded in the global textile industry."
"Receiving this accreditation is an indication of quality and excellence of provision, which was the aspiration when we launched the course. We are honoured to be awarded this commendation through an internationally-recognised peer assessment process. This secures us a place among the leading textile education bodies around the world.
"We're passionate about equipping students with not just the theory behind fashion buying and brand management, but also practical experience in fabric selection, fitness for purpose, textile innovation, sustainability and quality management. It's great that The Textile Institute have recognised this, as well as our commitment to staying future-focused by maintaining strong industry connections."
To learn more about Ravensbourne's BA (Hons) Fashion Buying & Brand Management, visit the course profile, here.


Zurn ZS880-12 Stainless Steel Linear Shower Trench Drain - 12" Long – MasterBuilder Mercantile Inc.
Zurn ZS880 Stainless Steel Linear Shower Trench Drain - 12" Long: Zurn All Type 304 (CF8) Fabricated Stainless Steel Linear Shower Drain. Complete with vertically adjustable anchoring support legs, anti-ponding V-shaped channel with 2  No-Hub center outlet, adjustable secured leveling frame with built-in tile edge, and secured, light-duty, slotted heel-proof grate. Drain is designed for installation in a minimum 2  concrete pour and can be adjusted to accommodate 1/4  and 3/8  finished tile thicknesses.
ZS880-12 Grate Options" -LS Linear Slotted, -BW Basket Weave, -DB Decorative Block, -SG Serenity Grate, -TG Tile Inlay Grate, - WG Wave Grate.
Zurn ZS880 Specification Submittal Sheet: Click Here.
Zurn ZS880 Suffix Options Specification Submittal Sheets: Click Here.
Zurn ZS880 Installation Instructions: Click Here.
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We'd like to introduce you to an organisation we work very closely with, called Warmworks Scotland.
Warmworks Scotland is a joint venture between the Energy Saving Trust, Everwarm and Changeworks and have the task of delivering the Scottish Government's national energy efficiency scheme, Warmer Homes Scotland, which launched on 1st September 2015. The scheme provides insulation, efficient heating and renewable technologies in the homes of households who are struggling with the cost of high energy bills, helping to making homes warmer, more comfortable and more affordable to heat.
As an approved contractor, we provide a wide range of heating and insulation measures, therefore contributing towards supporting thousands of households throughout Scotland with various energy-saving measures delivered through the Warmer Homes Scotland Scheme.
Warmworks receives referrals to the scheme from Home Energy Scotland (HES), to find out more about this scheme or other schemes that may be available to you, contact HES free on: 0808 808 2282.


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Bulbophyllum ankylorhinon is a species of orchid in the genus Bulbophyllum.

References
The Bulbophyllum-Checklist
The Internet Orchid Species Photo Encyclopedia

ankylorhinon

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


12 Rounds 3: Lockdown continues the long-running franchise with yet another WWE superstar given the chance to headline. This time round we have Dean Ambrose, a wrestler known for his anarchic, unstable nature who doesn't play by the rules. And that's essentially the same character he plays here – only this time his character, Shaw, also happens to be a cop. The only good cop in his precinct it would seem, given just how many men Shaw's former partner turned nemesis, Burke, brings with him to take on Shaw!
It's hard to believe that a franchise started in 2009, with a film starring John Cena, would still be alive and kicking some 6 years later. Somewhere along the way, WWE Studios decided that this particular series would be linked in name only, meaning that they could utilise different WWE wrestlers in each movie – a good idea at the time no doubt – but after seeing 12 Rounds 3 it's clear that the company may have just found the "in-house" action movie superstar they've been looking for to keep this series going. After all, they lost their biggest star, The Rock, to Hollywood. But they truly have found his replacement in Dean Ambrose.
There hasn't been a really good Die Hard-esque action franchise, that's NOT Die Hard, since the likes of Crackerjack and Under Siege in the early 90s. Yet I think with Ambrose as the hero, the 12 Rounds series could turn that all around and be the direct to market Die Hard franchise we've all been craving… 12 Rounds 3: Lockdown certainly does "classic" Die Hard better than the last two John McClane movies did – so much so that I'll even forgive the way they shoe-horn the title, 12 Rounds, into the film once again (this time its how many bullets Shaw has left)!
It would seem, given recent releases like Vendetta and now 12 Rounds 3, that WWE Studios are single-handledly keeping the DTV action movie alive; and as a fan of the likes of PM Entertainment I say that's not a bad thing – they certainly know their audience and their place in the market and are not ashamed to put some decent money behind their movies; plus, they have a ready, willing and most definitely able (imagine the savings on stuntmen!) stable of performers to star in them.
If you're an action movie fan that grew up watching the films of Richard Pepin and Joseph Merhi then you owe it to yourself to watch 12 Rounds 3: Lockdown - it's at once a throwback to that era whilst at the same time bringing the action movie back where it belongs. More please WWE Studios!
12 Rounds 3: Lockdown is out now in the US on VOD from WWE Studios/Lionsgate.


Mortgage rates have been falling steadily over the last few months. In fact, during the last week of March this year, rates took their biggest one-week nosedive in more than a decade….
At Dade County Federal Credit Union, we believe that 2019 will be another year of great promise for the Credit Union, our Members and the Miami-Dade region that we so proudly serve.
Landlines are quite outdated. But, before cutting the wire, read up on the main reasons people cling to their landlines — and why some of those reasons may not actually matter.
Obviously, banks and credit unions offer a lot of overlapping services. Both banks and credit unions take in deposits, administer checking and savings accounts, issue credit and debit cards, and provide home loans in addition to consumer loans.
There are so many variables to think about when looking for that first job! Whether you've already started hunting job boards and sending out resumes or you haven't taken the first step, we've got you covered.
Hopefully, you're working hard to keep a high credit score by using your cards and paying on time. You may be wondering, though, if more is better. Is several credit cards and more available credit a good idea? Or, are too many cards a liability to your score? Read on for the answers to all your questions.
June is the month of sun-kissed beaches, dripping ice cream cones, backyard BBQs…and spectacular sales. Use this handy list to see what to grab and what to skip this June.


Support us to continue and expand our educational initiatives and workshops with children, support cultural and creative art activities, as well as implementing new ideas and projects to foster positive change.
If you have not seen it, we were in the newspaper!
Check out what we do in different communities.
Technology as enabler! … Have you thought about this?
Art and culture - A different world! Be part of it!
© 2018 Concept for Change. All rights reserved.


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Clinching scenarios for NBA playoffs on Sunday, May 16th
We take a look at Sunday's potential clinching scenarios for teams seeking a bid to the 2021 NBA Playoffs.
By Benjamin Zweiman@BenZweimanDKN Updated May 16, 2021, 9:57am PDT
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The NBA regular season wraps up on Sunday starting at 1 p.m. ET with games running all the way until a 9 p.m. ET tip-off. There's still a ton of movement that can take place in the standings, so most of the games being played have NBA playoff implications for both the seeding and play-in tournament. The play-in tourney will take place May 18-21 with games taking place each day to decide thee 7 and 8 seeds in each conference.
Here are the clinching scenarios for Sunday's matchups via. NBA.com.
LA Lakers clinch a playoff spot with a win AND a loss by Portland.
Phoenix clinches best record in West with a win AND a loss by Utah.
Portland clinches a playoff spot with a win OR a loss by the LA Lakers.
Utah clinches best record in West with a win OR a loss by Phoenix.
The NBA also outlined seeding/clinching scenarios for each conference and what needs to happen for certain teams to get each seed. It's pretty complicated but we'll try and break it down. You can find the full spreadsheet here: Eastern Conference and Western Conference.
Celtics vs. Knicks, 1 p.m. ET
So the early game to watch is the Celtics vs. Knicks contest with New York trying to lock up the No. 4 seed. The Miami Heat are in the 6-seed and lost last night to the Milwaukee Bucks, so chances are they'll end up facing the Bucks in the first round. If the Knicks lose, that opens up a chance for Miami and the Atlanta Hawks to move up into the 4-5 slots. The Celtics appear to be resting players with nothing to play for, since they're locked into the 7-seed and the play-in.
Pacers vs. Raptors/Hornets vs. Wizards
These two games will decide the play-in matchups in the East. The Pacers, Wizards and Hornets are all tied in the standings at 33-38. The Raptors and Pacers are both resting a ton of starters and key players, so that game may not be too competitive. The Hornets are going for the 8-seed to have a shot at getting the 7-seed. Charlotte-Washington should be competitive. Bradley Beal is playing for the Wizards as well despite sitting the past few games with a hamstring injury.
Grizzlies vs. Warriors, 3:30 p.m. ET
The Dubs and Grizzlies are tied at 38-33 and will be facing each other with the 8-seed on the line. Whoever wins this game will end up facing the Los Angeles Lakers or Portland Trail Blazers in the 7-8 game in the play-in. Whoever loses ends up facing the Spurs in the 9-10 game. If the Nuggets throw their game against the Blazers, Portland will likely be the 6-seed, so facing the Lakers isn't ideal but there are also two chances to get a playoff spot for whoever finishes in the 8-seed.
Opening odds for 2023 AT&T Pebble Beach Pro-Am The field is set for the 2023 AT&T Pebble Beach Pro-Am, and DraftKings Sportsbook has the full list of opening odds for the next tournament on the PGA TOUR.


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Home > Meta Nav > Our Sponsors > JuxtaProse Nonfiction Prize
Deadline: June 18, 2018
The 2018 JuxtaProse Nonfiction Prize is now accepting submissions. The Grand Prize is $1,000 and publication in JuxtaProse Literary Magazine. Up to three entries will receive "Honorable Mention" status, which includes $100 and publication. All entries will be considered for publication, regardless of whether they receive honorable mention status.
JuxtaProse welcomes established and emerging writers alike, and our online journal regularly features the work of Pulitzer Prize winners, Poet Laureates, and other distinguished writers side-by-side with previously unpublished voices. Submit now using Submittable.
Founded in 2015, JuxtaProse is an online literary journal that publishes fiction, creative nonfiction, poetry, art, and photography from around the world. We pride ourselves on providing a venue where emerging writers can find a voice alongside some of the most respected names in world literature. Recent contributors include Pulitzer Prize winner Stephen Dunn, Man Booker International Prize winner Lydia Davis, and previously unpublished writer Emma Binder. JuxtaProse currently reaches over 5,000 readers each month.


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Květoň is a Czech surname, which is derived from the given name Květoň, from the Czech kvet, meaning "flower". The name may refer to:

David Květoň (born 1988), Czech ice hockey player
Lukáš Květoň (born 1982), Czech ice hockey player

References

Czech-language surnames


Someone asked me that question on Facebook Messenger.
So I thought I'd write a blog post about it instead. Hope you don't mind, Christina.
There are two main ways to create a blog.
But before you decide to jump at the chance to get a free blog, there's just something you need to know about the free method.
The free blog will never really belong to you.
Well… you won't have full control of your blog.
With the popular blogs, such as WordPress and Google, they'll let you host your blog on their servers.
But if they ever decide they don't like something you've published on it, they can take it down.
That happened to a friend: He lost about 10 years of blogging when Google said they thought he was trying to sell something on his blog.
There was no negotiation. It was lost forever.
If you don't mind it being at yourname.wordpress.com, you can have that for free.
But if you want your blog to be at yourname.com, you'll need to go for the paid version.
OK. So how do we create a free blog?
Let's go to WordPress. Just to be transparent, this is my affiliate link.
There you'll see the free option.
Simply click the button "Create Website".
WordPress will ask you a few questions to find out what your blog post is about.
Let's assume it's Family, Home, & Lifestyle.
Next, WordPress will ask you what style you prefer… (for a daily blog, "a list of my latest posts" is probably the best one).
Then you'll need to pick a theme (don't worry, just pick one, 'cos you can change your mind later).
The next step is choosing your domain name. That's going to be something like DavidCooksInTheKitchen (don't laugh!) – or – DavidWithington (if it's going to be just your name).
If that name is already taken, WordPress will suggest something similar.
It's definitely worth playing around with names at this stage, so that you get one which is easy for people to remember. After all, you don't want something like DavidCooksInTheKitchen8560813abc.wordpress.com. That would be a nightmare to remember.
Haha! I've just noticed that davidcooksinthekitchen.wordpress.com is available!
When you're happy… hit select.
At the next stage, select "free" again (they're probably hoping you'll reconsider and want to upgrade at this point).
And the final step is registering with a username and password.
Here's what your brand new blog will look like.
Notice the URL. It's got wordpress.com at the end of it.
It's certainly not bad for free.
Now comes the bit about writing your daily posts.
Click the add button at the side of "Blog Posts" (it's over in the left panel).
But if you have any questions, I've found YouTube to be an amazing source of knowledge for WordPress – for all levels of experience.
You can also leave me a question in the comments box below.
Finally, let's look at the paid-for version.
Remember? That's the one without .wordpress in the URL.
There's an excellent video by Michael Hyatt, which tells you exactly how to do that, step by step.
And he explains it much better than I can.
So if you prefer the paid version, take a look at the video below (it's 25 minutes long, so you may want to make a brew first).
On the subject of getting great stuff for free, have a read of my blog post about how we got our free 42 inch HD TV… for absolutely nothing! That's here.
hi david, if you create a free wordpress blog can you change the domain name at a later date? and upgrade to a paid account at a later date?
Yes, you can upgrade to a paid account later. In fact, WordPress will keep pestering – I mean encouraging – you to do so.
There another way to do it, but it'll cost a little bit. If you buy a new domain name, you can arrange that domain name to "forward" to the existing free domain name.
For example: I bought DavidWithington.co.uk and I set it up to forward to my .com address. So people can now type in either .com or .co.uk – and they will both end up at DavidWithington.com.


"Red Tides in the Gulf of Mexico: Where, When, and Why?" by John J. Walsh, J. K. Jolliff et al.
Walsh, John J.; Jolliff, J. K.; Darrow, B. P.; Lenes, J. M.; Milroy, S. P.; Remsen, A.; Dieterle, D. A.; Carder, Kendall L.; Chen, F. R.; Vargo, Gabriel A.; Weisberg, Robert H.; Fanning, Kent A.; Shinn, Eugene; Steidinger, K. A.; Heil, Cynthia A.; Tomas, C. R.; Prospero, J. S.; Lee, T. N.; Kirkpatrick, G. J.; Whitledge, T. E.; Stockwell, D. A.; Villareal, T. A.; Jochens, A. E.; Bontempi, P. S.; and Muller-Karger, Frank E., "Red Tides in the Gulf of Mexico: Where, When, and Why?" (2006). Marine Science Faculty Publications. 157.


There is nothing Christianly about this type of song, but for us, growing up, we celebrated Christmas in the neighbourhood, mixing elements of all the religions and all the available modes. Even children of Egungun worshippers joined the Christmas celebration. And so we could start with Mebo yo robo, and shift to "We wish you a Merry Xmas…Good tidings we bring… Hark! The Herald Angels Sing… E lu agogo E lu agogo, E lu agogo o Olugbala de o, e lu agogo…Keresimesi, Keresimesi…" followed by other songs in Yoruba, which connected well with the community and did not attract any objections. We went from one house to the other and some people would give the Mebo money, which we shared thereafter and used to buy more bangers and firecrackers. We went round night after night until Christmas Eve.
On top of it all, our society today is more divided than it was even after the civil war. Our laughter is shorter; our hopes are slimmer. We will celebrate Christmas all the same because we are a people of faith and hope… Well, "don't worry, be happy!" Merry Christmas.


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Kamila Shamsie: 'Let's make 2018 the Year of Publishing Women, in which no new titles should be by men.'
A piece published on the website of Justice for Men & Boys (and the women who love them), the political party of which I'm the chairman, in March 2016:
Our thanks to Russell for this in – of course – The Guardian. Could there be any better evidence of the nasty, anti-meritocratic, totalitarian streak that runs through feminists? Kamila Shamsie calls her piece a 'provocation', which reminds me of children who say something nasty to other children and then, seeing the distress caused, say, 'I was only joking!'
One paragraph alone should give you a flavour of the piece:
Of course, there will be many details to work out, but the basic premise of my "provocation" is that none of the new titles published in that year should be written by men. I've been considering literary fiction so far but other groups within fiction – and non-fiction – publishing could gain from signing up too. The knock-on effect of a Year of Publishing Women would be evident in review pages and blogs, in bookshop windows and front-of-store displays, in literature festival lineups, in prize submissions. We must learn from the suffragettes that it's not always necessary or helpful to be polite about our campaigns. If some publishing houses refused to sign up, then it would be for the literary pages and booksellers and bloggers and festivals to say they wouldn't be able to give space to the male writers who were being published that year. Many male writers would, I'm sure, back the campaign and refuse to submit their books for publication in the given year, while also taking an active part by reading, reviewing and recommending the books that were published.


Your youngster can now display their Power pride no matter the occasion with this Port Adelaide 2019 Kids PA Polo. Constructed with a pure cotton fabrication for lasting comfort and breathability, the three button placket allows you to personalise the look you're going for. With ribbed cuffs and PA branded logos embroidered on the chest the Port Adelaide 2019 Womens PA Polo will class up your game day look.


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Ярно Пекка Лаасала (; 19 сентября 1979, Сейняйоки, Финляндия) — финский шоумен, основатель и участник The Dudesons, а также CEO компании Rabbit Films по совместительству.

В составе The Dudesons реже остальных выполняет опасные трюки, так как обычно находится по ту сторону камеры, и лично монтирует большую часть видео с каким-либо участием Dudesons.

В детстве являлся чемпионом Финляндии по Super Mario Bros (Nintendo).

В 2002-м году получил степень магистра в области электроники в университете Сейняйоки. Живёт в Хельсинки (Финляндия) и Голливуде (США, Калифорния).

Фильмография

Телевидение
 Мировой тур (Finnish, 2001—2003)
 Duudsoni Elämää (Finnish, 2004)
 The Dudesons (2006-)
 Piilokamerapäälliköt (Finnish, 2008)
 The Dudesons in America (2010)

Кино
 ''The Dudesons Movie

Ссылки

 MTV- Jarno
 The Dudesons- Jarno

Персоналии:Хельсинки
Персоналии:Лос-Анджелес
Актёры Финляндии
Каскадёры Финляндии


What are the hottest Design Schools in Moscow, ID?
Moscow has a general population of 21,291 and an overall student population of 12,175. Approximately 11,957 of Moscow's students are enrolled in schools that offer design programs.
University of Idaho is the largest design school in Moscow, based on student population. In 2010, University of Idaho graduated approximately 15 students with credentials in design.
A total of 15 students graduated with credentials in design from design schools in Moscow in 2010. If you decide to join their ranks, you can expect to pay an average of $18,480 per year in tuition if you are eligible for instate tuition. Out of state tuition for all Moscow design schools was an average of $28,560 per year in 2009.
In addition to tuition costs, plan on spending an average of $1,474 for design related books and supplies each year. And if you live on campus, you will face an additional expense of $7,242 per year, on average, for room and board at Moscow-based design schools. Students who live at home can cut this cost down to approximately $11,238.
If you decide to work as a designer in Moscow, your job prospects are good. In 2010, of the 1,330 designers in Idaho, 80 were working in the greater Moscow area. The government projects that the number of designers in Moscow will increase by 14% by the year 2018. This projected change is faster than the projected nationwide trend for designers.
The average salary you can expect to earn as a designer in Moscow is $30,700 per year. This is lower than the state-wide average salary for designers.


The study "Tradition and Innovation. Development at High Schools in Baden-Württemberg and Sachsen" (TRAIN) seeks to help answering questions about the "effects" of learning environments. TRAIN is a multicohort longitudinal study which examines the development of academic success, motivation, ability to perform and well-being during upper second track education and to what extent they are influenced by varying learning environments.


The Sisters of Our Lady of Seven Dolors are a unique congregation in Canada. Its ministry is for deaf persons in collaboration with the Sisters of Providence. Founded in 1887 within the Institut des Sourdes-Muettes de Montréal (Institution for the Deaf-mute Girls of Montreal), this religious community has allowed deaf women to live their call to consecrated life, united with Our Mother of Sorrows in the mystery of her compassion. They are inspired by St. Francis de Sales, patron of the deaf.
This small congregation has had a significant impact on the lives of thousands of deaf persons who passed through the Institution for the Deaf-mute Girls. Since the closure of the Institution in 1976 and the Congregation moving to Cartierville, northern Montreal, the sisters continue their ministry of service to deaf persons, wherever these are located.


As a winery owner it is my job to get out there and experience what other wineries are doing. So, I was happy to dive in and taste wine for two days at the Hospice du Rhone. I attended one of the lectures, two days of tasting, and Farewell Dinner.
I enjoyed the lecture, and the wines were delicious as well. Jeb Dunnuck, was the moderator, and he really gave us extra insight on the St. Joseph area of France and the wines that are crafted from the region. After a taste, I was sold, so delicious, and vibrant. The minerals of the area are in the background notes of the wine too.
I met one celebrity wine maker. I had never heard of him until that day, and just made it a goal to have a photo taken with him.
He wasn't thrilled to have his photo taken with me. Geez, I didn't ask him for his autograph. Whatever, I got a photo with him. It was a fun challenge.
These were the stand outs for the weekend. The 2010 was my absolute favorite. So smooth, and had such a long decadent finish. Chateau St. Nabor, Cotes Du Rhone, is a blend of Grenache, Syrah, Carignan, and Cinsault. Raspberries, and blackberries immediately hit the nose, and the palate is clean and so damn refreshing. I was so bewitched by this Rose.
At the end of the evening of the 2nd day, I met a couple from the area. I so enjoyed their conversation and shared wines and food. I even ate a cricket.
It was crunchy, and super spicy. Not really sure I will ever have another one, but at least I did it once.
There's something magical about harvest season when you live in wine country. It's a current of electricity that runs through the everyone and everything. I always think of Dr. Seuss. Ya know those giant machines that come in to clean up after "It 1 and 2 and the kids? Well, there are grape. Picking machines driving on the roads at this time, and Dr Seuss is at the forefront of my thoughts…I kind of giggle like a child when they get in front of me. I can take it for a mile or so, but then I have to pass them, but not without waving like a deranged lunatic. It is just exciting!!
We don't use machines to harvest our grapes, we have to hire people. My husband as well as our winemaker get out in the field and pick with all the other people working in our fields. Just this past week we have already processes several tons of grapes, and pressed them. So, the fermentation process is already starting for the 2017 wines. I believe the Merlot for this year has already been picked, destemed, and pressed.
These were photos of the grapes before some of the fruit was dropped. We have to drop fruit so the healthiest grapes will get the most water, and the best sunshine. Depending on the variety, canopy may have to be cut back to get the right amount of sun, or less sun. We want to pick at just the right amount of Brix, which is the sugar content in the grapes, too high, and the wine is too sweet, you want just the right amount to make great wine.
We try to maintain a sustainable vineyard, and keep the dropped fruit for compost. Once the grapes are pressed the must will be used for more compost to mix back into the soil and boost the soil with microbes that recondition the soil. Our ducks are always in the vineyard taking care of the slugs, and soon we want to introduce babydoll sheep and chickens. The sheep will help with the grass and cover crops, and the chickens will take care of the insects in the vineyard. The chickens will also give us fantastic eggs to eat. It all makes for better wine every year. A wine that you can enjoy and feel good about drinking. We look forward to getting closer to becoming more biodynamic!
It's that time of the year again. This year we are having chicken pesto sliders with a side of chips, and some favorite dips with assorted yummies (to be determined). Our beautiful cow is new, and so is Casa Dell Arte. We will have an open studio on Friday, and on Saturday we will have two classes. One class will be for anyone 8 to 108, and the adult class is for 21 and over.
We are excited to see some of our old friends, and make some new ones too.
Recently, a lady brought over her rescue duck Aflac, and I want to tell you he has made friends with these two white ducks and the one black duck. These three were added recently by an unknown person. We happened to see the two white ones and the black one hanging out together. We do have several wild ducks that stop at the pond, and help the domesticated ducks finish their food at the end of the evening.
We are so happy that Aflac is adjusting to life at the winery.
Although this is a print, it is an antique print. The original was a painting from the Italian Renaissance. The painter and subject are unknown. The face of the nun appears very young. Which is not a surprise, since families often sent a daughter to the convent. Often, the families just couldn't afford a dowery for more than one girl, and sometimes they couldn't afford one. A young woman would go to the convent ready to serve the church. Gardening, cleaning, praying, helping the poor. Mother Superior was in charge of the fate of the young lady.
This print reminds me of an educated lady, grieving for her family. Maybe it is an evening of a full moon where the light hits the courtyard just right, and the echo of her violin playing brings tears to the eyes of the other young ladies that have come to the convent. Young ladies that miss their families, and their old way of life.
Of course, there were young ladies that came to the convent and had a better life after they were surrounded by other young ladies. There would have been young ladies that would be able to eat good food once they were in the convent. I was once told that city poor was much different than country poor. If you were poor and lived in the city it was a little tougher to obtain fresh food. If you were poor in the country one could glean from neighboring farmers, there were eggs from chickens, and one could grow some of their own food.
Looking at old images really makes me grateful to live here and now. I am so thankful, and appreciate our ancestors, each and everyone of them. The lives they had were not easy! The choices they had to make were so different, and so far removed from the world we live in today.
I have always loved bell towers, and when Marcela told me she would create a bell tower, I was excited. This particular bell tower is the San Juan Bautista, it was the 15the Mission that was founded in California. The color of the sky is a bit exaggerated, but so lovely with the light colored mission. Each of the bells have their rope hanging down, ready for the monks to pull at hours for service and prayers.
The other duck with the red bill is Matilda, and she is the other loner that I believed might be a friend or buddy to Aflac. The two mallards are the bullies of the pond. Once Aflac got into the pond the two mallards went after Aflac. I have found myself looking for Aflac in the afternoon, and making sure he has food. It is a little heartbreaking that he hasn't made any pond friends. Maybe, he just needs time to fit into the pond with the other ducks.
September 9th is our anniversary day, we have been winery owners for one full year. We knew it wasn't going to be easy, and there was lots of work to do. We got grass added to the back patio area, bocce ball court, a beautiful fountain, and Reale Leone Inn open.
After I had it all decorated, and ready to go…Roberto tells me, "Honey, there needs to be a pressure pump for the water." Tears started welling up in my eyes. I didn't want to cry in front of everyone, so I went over to the Inn. I went upstairs and starting wailing like a baby. We've spent millions of dollars and we still can't make money until we have the Inn open…Oh, what have we done?
I hear someone is in the Inn with me. I see our air conditioning technician. He tells me "Kimberly, we may have to open this wall to get this air conditioner to work correctly." What? We just finished the place, and you may have to open the wall? He reminded me that it would be the last thing they would do if nothing else worked. I hid upstairs again, and cried, and cried, and cried. I'm not exaggerating when I am telling you that I cried all day long!
I have learned that it takes a little while (months) for people to spread the word about a place of interest. Before we opened, people would tell us "Oh, I can't wait to rent the whole Inn." Well, that hasn't happened as of yet. We have been full for several days at a time, and now, most weekends are full. It took a while before it happened though.
We just opened our "Casa Dell Arte", a place where young and old can learn paintings, crafts, yoga, dance. A destination where people can learn. Paint and sip classes for adults, and painting classes for children. Yoga classes in the morning, and dance classes in the evening. Craft classes for fun and exciting activities.
The big house on the hill that is 5,000 square feet. The last few items that need to be finished are wireless, washer and dryer need to be installed, and direct tv. The villa has a wrap around porch. Huge kitchen for several people to gather at the same time. Comfy and beautiful rooms, super spacious bathrooms.
We love our winery, and it's even more gorgeous than it was when we purchased it. We are expanding on the dream of the original owner, and trying to preserve his legacy as well. I'm sure I haven't spent my last day crying, but most days are fantastic. We are going to carry on, and get better with every year!
Before we came down to San Luis Obispo county one of our goals was to create a space that was a center for learning. A place where people could go not just to be artistic, but where they could learn. At Casa Dell Arte, we want to include lectures, crafts, dance, yoga, and various other activities. A place where kids can do science classes, women can learn about empowerment, and we can share ideas and beliefs with each other.
This month at Casa Dell Arte, which is located on the property of the San Marcos Creek Vineyard and Winery, we are offering something new. We are not only going to have classes for adults, but also something for children and adults. Children, with their parents can come together to paint and have fun.
Once we find more teachers for more classes we will keep you all posted about what is happening at Casa Dell Arte. It's going to be a great place to learn something new.


For most of my life, we would simply have turned to academic literature for credible truth.
There is now enough legitimate doubt to make us seek out a new model or at a minimum, augment that academic model.
I don't want to be misunderstood: I'm not suggesting that all news and education is phony baloney.
And I'm not suggesting that the people speaking untruths are always doing so intentionally.
The fact is, we don't have anything close to a recognizable database of facts from which we can base such analysis.
For most of us, this was supposed to be the school system but sadly, it has increasingly become politicized (as discussed in my earlier note, "Trive - Using Blockchain to Validate the Curriculum").
We're facing competing models for the future of truth, based on the question of centralization. Do you trust yourself to deduce the best answer to challenging questions, or do you prefer to simply trust the authoritative position? Well, consider that there are centralized models with obvious bias behind most of our sources. The tech giants are all filtering our news and likely having more impact than powerful media editors. Are they unbiased? The government is dictating most of the educational curriculum in our model.
Barry Cousins is a Senior Director at Info-Tech Research Group, specializing in Project Portfolio Management, Project Management, and Help/Service Desk. He brings an extensive background in technology, IT management, and business leadership.


Home » IDEA Answers » Looking for Personal Training Software to use for Online Training/Consulting with questionnaires, workouts, nutrition, etc. Thx!
two other options I have really liked even better was mindbody.com and http://www.fitsw.com/. Mindbody was very nice and professionally done - the only downside was that it's pricey. FitSW seems more tailored for individual trainers / smaller gyms because its Free - just not quite as polished as Mindbody. Both Fitsw and mindbody have excellent ways to track progress on your client's fitness and they both do a great job at recording workouts and diets. They both do an outstanding job of letting me manage all my client's info in one location. You can also attach them to your website.
I can use My Best Studio software for my business. It is very simple and easy to use.
Might be it will helpful for you.
Could you use the Workout builder on this site? I haven't used it much myself but I believe it is for clients to go on your page and find workouts you have created for them. I will be following this as I am also interested in pursuing this option while growing my business.
There is a company I looked into called Virtuagym that offers nutrition and exercise software. It is a complete solution but the drawback I found was the high cost per month and a $500 fee. Oh and the fact that they also offer their program to the public for $6.95/month. Other than that it was very impressive.
I am using Trainerize now. It is a lot more affordable and has a nice calendar section to remind clients to work out.
Lisa is right that it does not have nutrition.
It is a little cumbersome to use and it takes a while to set it up but it is not a bad way to go. It can be very functional and you can customize it.
Trainerize is a great program with wonderful functionality but it does not do nutrition. You can design your workouts, set basic templates, track exercise progress, body progress, take progress pictures, etc.
There is a program called Dotfit that will do workouts as well as Nutrition but I find it's limited because you can't save workout templates or share them between clients.. meaning you have to build from scratch each time and the way the exercises are done, that takes time. You could have it build the workouts then modify them.
What is the best software for online questionnaires?